United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-453/R-94-081
April1995
Air
Guidance Document for
the Halogenated Solvent
Cleaner NESHAP
SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
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EPA-453/R-94-081
Guidance Document
for the
Halogenated
Solvent Cleaner
NESHAP
Sponsored by:
Emission Standards Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1
Federal Small Business Assistance Program
Control Technology Center
Information Transfer and Program Integration Division (ITPID)
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
April 1995
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Disclaimer
This report is not a legally binding document, and is not meant to replace the published
regulation titled "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP):
Halogenated Solvent Cleaning" (Federal Register. 12/02/94, beginning on page 61801).
This document presents specific aspects of the regulation and may not cover all parts of
the regulation. This document is an elaboration of the appropriate legal document, and
the final authority rests solely in the legal document.
Guidance Docunent/als.llS
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Contents
Tables vii
Introduction viii
Part One: Does This Rule Apply to You?
Part Two: Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Requirements
1.0 To Determine Your Compliance Options You Need to Know 2-1
1.1 Cleaning Machine Type 2-1
1.2 Cleaning Machine Size 2-6
2.0 Batch Vapor or In-Line Machine Requirements 2-9
2.1 Equipment Compliance Options 2-9
2.1.1 Base Design Requirements 2-11
A Cover or a Reduced Room Draft 2-11
Minimum Freeboard Ratio 2-11
Automated Parts Handling 2-11
Liquid and Vapor Level Indicators 2-13
Primary Condenser 2-13
Lip Exhaust Control 2-13
2.1.2 Equipment Combinations and Idling Emission Limits 2-14
Control Combinations 2-14
Idling Emission Limits 2-17
2.1.3 Individual Control Requirements 2-18
Carbon Adsorber (In Conjunction With a
Lip Exhaust) 2-18
Cover (Idling-Mode and Working-Mode) 2-23
Dwell 2-23
Freeboard Refrigeration Device (FRD) 2-25
Reduced Room Draft (RRD) 2-26
Super-Heated Vapor (SHV) System 2-27
Guidance Document/aU.118
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Contents (Continued)
2.1.4 Work Practices 2-28
Maintain Equipment as Recommended
by the Manufacturer 2-29
Minimize Air Disturbances in the
Machine and the Room 2-29
Minimize Air Disturbances Due to Parts
Movement 2-29
Minimize Solvent Loss Due to Spraying Operations . .. 2-30
Reduce the Pooling of Solvent On and In Parts 2-30
Proper Startup and Shutdown Procedures 2-30
Proper Solvent Transfer Procedures 2-30
Store Solvent Waste in Closed Containers 2-31
Do Not Clean Absorbent Materials 2-31
Take and Pass a Solvent Cleaning Procedures Test ... 2-31
2.1.5 General Recordkeeping Requirements 2-31
2.2 Overall Emission Limit 2-32
2.2.1 Determining Your Overall Emission Limit 2-32
2.2.2 Calculating Your 3-Month Rolling Average Emissions 2-34
2.2.3 Overall Emission Limit Recordkeeping 2-36
2.3 Reporting Requirements 2-37
13.1 Initial Notification Report 2-39
2.3.2 Initial Statement of Compliance Report 2-40
2.3.3 Annual Compliance Report . . , , 2-42
2.3.4 Exceedance Report 2-43
2,3.5 Equivalency Request Report 2-43
Guidance Document/als.llS
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Contents (Continued)
3.0 Batch Cold Cleaning Machine Requirements 2-45
3.1 What Type of Batch Cold Cleaning Machine Do You Have? 2-45
3.2 Control Equipment Options and Work Practices 2-46
3.3 Monitoring, Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements 2-47
3.3.1 Initial Notification Report 2-48
3.3.2 Compliance Report 2-49
Part 3: Alternatives to Halogenated Solvent Cleaning
1.0 Introduction 3-1
2.0 Regulations to Consider 3-3
2.1 Clean Air Act 3-3
2.1.1 New Source Performance Standards and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 3-3
2.1.2 New Source Review (Including Prevention of Significant
Deterioration-PSD)/State Implementation Plans 3-5
2.1.3 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone (Montreal Protocol) 3-6
2.1.4 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone (Significant New Alternatives
Policy [SNAP]) 3-6
2.2 Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 3-7
2.3 Clean Water Act 3-7
2.4 Occupational Safety and Health Act 3-7
2.5 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 3-8
2.6 Fire Codes/Insurance Issues 3-8
Guidance Document/als.118 V
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Contents (Continued)
3.0 Identifying Alternatives , 3-9
3.1 Define Your Cleaning Requirements 3-9
3.2 Identifying Alternatives Using SAGE 3-10
3.3 Other Methods of Identifying Alternatives 3-16
4.0 Choosing Between Different Alternatives 3-17
GLOSSARY
CONVERSION CHART
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A:
APPENDIX B:
APPENDIX C:
APPENDIX D;
APPENDIX E:
APPENDDC F:
APPENDDC G:
APPENDIX H:
APPENDIX I:
Percent by Weight Solvent Determination
Cleaning Capacity and Cleaning Capacity Limit Determination
Recordkeeping Forms
EPA Test Method 307
Equipment Standard Work Practices
Reporting Forms
Batch Cold Cleaning Machines
Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP Regulation
EPA Regional Office Contact Phone Numbers
vi
Guidance Documem/aU.118
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Tables
Table Page
2-1 Compliance Determination Worksheet 2-2
2-2 Control Combinations for Batch Vapor Cleaning Machines 2-15
2-3 Control Combinations for In-Line Cleaning Machines 2-16
2-4 Control Combination Control Device Requirements 2-19
2-5 Freeboard Refrigeration Device Temperature Requirements 2-25
2-6 Super-Heated Vapor Temperature Requirements 2-28
2-7 Overall Emission Limit 2-33
2-8 Batch Cold Cleaning Machine Control Combination Requirements and Work
Practices 2-47
3-1 Statute/Regulation Citations 3-4
3-2 Example Cleaning Requirements Table 3-11
3-3 Alternative Cleaning Chemistries Described in SAGE Program 3-14
Guidance Document/als.118 Vll
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Introduction
The p>'- oose of this document is to give owners and operators of solvent cleaning
machines the information required to determine whether the halogenated solvent
cleaning regulation applies to them, and the options available to comply. This guidance
document is divided into three parts:
• Determining if you are required to comply with the Federal halogenated
solvent cleaner requirements (Part One);
• The available compliance options (Part Two); and
* Alternative cleaning solvents or technologies that can be used in lieu of
complying with the standards (Part Three),
Part One of this document contains information to assist you in determining whether the
rule affects you.
Part Two of this document provides an overview and step by step instructions on what
you need 10 know and do to comply with the rule. Section 1.0 provides direction on
what you need to know about your machine(s) to determine what part of the rule you
are subject to and to determine compliance. Section 2.0 presents requirements under the
NESHAP if you own or operate a batch vapor or an in-line (vapor or cold) machine; and
Section 3.0 presents requirements under the NESHAP if you own or operate a batch
cold machine.
Part Three of this document provides information on solvents and cleaning processes
that can be used as alternatives to halogenated solvent cleaning. Specifically, Part Three
includec the following information:
* Guidance materials and tools available to assist you in determining what
alternatives to halogenated solvent cleaning are available.
* A list of factors that should be considered when evaluating halogenated
solvent cleaning alternatives.
This document also includes a glossary, unit conversion chart, and numerous appendices.
These appendices provide additional information, including:
• Detailed calculations for key compliance issues,
• Blank example forms that can be used to record and report compliance,
yT1" Guidance Document/als.118
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Introduction (Continued)
• The operator test,
• Work practice requirement posters that can be used in the work place to
encourage proper cleaning procedures, and
• The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional office contact
numbers.
Guidance Document/als.118 IX
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Guidance Document/als.llS
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Part One
LU
Does This
Rule Apply
to You?
o
Guidance Document/als.118
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Part One
Guidance Document/als 118
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Part One
The halogenated solvent cleaner NESHAP rule applies to you if you own or operate a
solvent cleaning machine that uses a solvent that contains 5 percent or more by weight of
any one or any combination of the following halogenated solvents:
Carbon tetrachloride
(CAS No. 127-18-4),
This rule applies to you if...
• Chloroform,
(CAS No. 67-66-3), fc= You are an owner or
operator of a solvent
• Perchloroethylene cleaning machine; and
(CAS No. 127-18-4),
<•> You use a solvent in your
• 1,1,1-Trichloroethane machine that contains (in
(CAS No. 71-55-6), total) 5 percent by weight
or more of any of the
• Trichloroethylene following regulated
(CAS No. 79-01-6), and/or solvents: carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform,
• Methylene chloride perchloroethylene,
(CAS No. 75-09-2). 1,1.1-trichloroethane,
trie tloroethylene, or
In the rule, the definition of solvent methylene chloride.
cleaning machine excludes small buckets, __«^_.
pails, and beakers with capacities less
than 7.6 liters (2 gallons). Therefore, containers of this type using halogenated solvents
are not covered by the requirements of this rule.
Generally, the listed solvents (when used in cleaning operations) are used in amounts
much greater than 5 percent by weight. In fact, many operations use the listed solvents
in amounts greater than 75 percent by weight. If your halogenated solvent content is
greater than 5 percent by weight, no documentation is required to demonstrate the
solvent content.
Stoddard solvents and naphthas generally contain less than 5 percent by weight
halogenated solvent and will not typically be subject to this rule.
The material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for these solvents should provide sufficient
documentation of solvent content.
Guidance Document/als.118 1-1
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Part One
In a fe\v instances, a solvent may be used that is close to the 5 percent cut-off level. In
these cases, documentation such as that explained in Appendix A, is required to
demonstrate that your solvent meets this limit. For further guidance on the
determination and example record format that can be used for documentation, see
Appendix A. Documentation should be kept on-site; no reporting is required.
'-~7. Guidance Document/als.llS
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Part Two
o
Halogenated [•••
Solvent
Cleaning
Requirements -^
<
Q.
Guidance Document/als.118
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Part Two
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Guidance Document/als lie!
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1.0
To Determine Your Compliance
Options You Need to Know...
Once you have determined that the rule applies to you, you need to identify the
available compliance options. The following steps outline what you need to know about
your machine(s) to identify your compliance options.
1. Determine the type of solvent cleaning machine(s) you own or operate.
There are three basic types of machines covered by this regulation: batch
vapor, batch cold, and in-line (in-line cold and in-line vapor) machines (see
Section 1.1).
2. If your machine is a batch vapor or in-line machine, determine the
machine's solvent-air interface area. This is necessary because some of the
requirements for these machines are dependent on machine size (see
Section 1.2).
3. If your machine is a batch vapor machine that does not have a solvent-air
interface area, you need to determine the machine's cleaning capacity (see
Appendix B) to determine your overall emission limit. This is the only
compliance option available for these machines.
Table 2-1 presents an example worksheet that can be used to assist in keeping track of
the determinations made for your machine(s). The following discussion will assist you in
filling out this worksheet.
1.1 CLEANING MACHINE TYPE
The rule has different requirements for different types of machines. Cleaning machine
types are classified by how parts are processed through the machine (batch vs. in-line),
and by whether or not solvent vapor is created in the cleaning process (vapor vs. cold).
Cleaning machines are also classified by whether the machine was installed before or
after this rule was proposed (existing vs. new). New in-line machines have slightly more
stringent requirements than existing in-line machines. The following text illustrates the
differences between new machines and existing machines and between the different
machine types.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-1
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Part Two
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Guidance Documcnt/aU.118
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Part Two
<• Existing vs. New
Existing: Your machine is an existing machine if it was installed on or
before November 29, 1993."
New:
Your machine is a new machine if it was installed after
November 29, 1993.
EXISTING
[On or Before 11729/93J
"November 29, 1993 is the date the rule was proposed.
Guidance Document/aU.HS
2-3
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Part Two
Batch vs. In-Line
Batch;
Your machine is a batch machine if new parts or baskets of
parts are introduced into the machine after the previous parts
or baskets of parts are done being cleaned. For example, an
"open top vapor cleaner" a machine that cleans multiple
batch loads simultaneously and is manually loaded, such as a
"ferns wheel" machine, and a "cross-rod" machine that moves
parts semi-continuously through the cleaning process are
batch machines. The following figure is an example of a
batch vapor machine with a cutaway to show internal
features. Small buckets, pails, and beakers with solvent
capacities less than 7.6 liters (2 gallons) are not considered
batch cleaners.
Primary
Condensing Coils
Temperature
Indicate
CleanoutDoor
Freeboard
Condensale Trough
Water Separator
Work Rest and
Protective Grate
950C2QC-ja-RTP
Heating Elements
Batch Vapor Cleaning Machine
Guidance Document/aU.118
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Part Two
In-Line: Your machine is an in-line machine if the movement of the
conveyor that carries parts is continuous (non-stop). The
following figure is an example of an in-line vapor machine.
Convvyor
Patti —
Mesh
B«U
Boiling
Chamber
In-LJne Cleaning Machine
Vapor vs. Cold
Vapor: Your machine is a vapor machine if it heats the solvent
enough to create vapor (the batch and in-line machines
illustrated here are vapor machines).
Cold: Your machine is a cold machine if it does not heat the
solvent enough to create vapor. A carburetor cleaning
machine is an example of a cold machine.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-5
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Part Two
Example:
You own a new batch vapor machine...
NEW: If the machine was installed after November 29, 1993,
BATCH: Parts are introduced into your machine after the previous; parts
are done being cleaned, and
VAPOR. Vapor is created in the process (i.e., solvent is heated to create
vapor).
1.2 CLEANING MACHINE SIZE
The size oi your machine is important if you have a batch vapor, or in-line machine.
You do not need to determine the size of your machine if you have a batch cold
machine. For batch vapor machines the compliance options available depend on
machine si/e. If you have a batch vapor or in-line machine and decide to comply with
an overall emission limit (i.e., alternative standard) you will also need to know your
machine size.
In this nil? the size of the machine is the solvent-air interface area.
The solvent-air interface for a vapor machine is the location of contact between the
concentrated solvent vapor layer and the air. In a vapor machine, the vapor layer is
formed when the primary cooling coils condense the rising solvent vapor. This typically
occurs at the midline of the primary condenser coils. For a cold machine, it is the
location of contact between the liquid solvent and the air.
The solvent-air interface area of your machine(s) can be determined in any of the
following ways:
ft Check the literature that was provided with your machine at the time of purchase
to see if it includes a measurement of the solvent-air interface area for your
machine;
<® Ask the manufacturer of your machine(s) for the solvent-air interface area of your
machine model;
Guidance Document/als.llS
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Part TWO
Immersion
Sump
<* Calculate the solvent-air
interface area (SA) by
multiplying the width (W) (in
meters [or feet]) by the length
(L) (in meters [or feet]) of each
sump and totalling the areas of
all sumps (see Figure).
Dimensions can be measured or
obtained from literature.
The solvent-air interface area for your
batch and in-line machine(s) is equal to
the surface area of all of the cleaning
tanks of your cleaner(s). For an in-line
machine, you may not be able to
directly measure your machine's solvent-
air interface area. In such cases, you L= LI + LZ
will need to rely on the manufacturer or W = W-| + W2
literature supplied by the manufacturer L x W = Solvent Air
for the appropriate information. Interface Area
Calculation of the Solvent-Air Interface
If your machine does not have a
solvent-air interface area, you need to
determine the machine's cleaning capacity. A machine that does not have a solvent-air
interface would be one that does not expose the cleaning solvent to the ambient air
during or between the cleaning of parts. An example of a machine that does not have a
solvent-air interface is a vacuum-to-vacuum machine. These machines are comprised of
a processing chamber capable of withstanding both full vacuum and pressure. These
systems operate in a closed loop, therefore, solvent is not exposed to the air outside of
the machine at any time.
For a machine that does not have a solvent-air interface area, the cleaning capacity of
your machine(s) will likely be available from your vendor or in the literature that was
provided with your machine at the time of purchase. See Appendix B for guidance on
determining your machine's cleaning capacity, if unknown, and for the solvent emission
limits that are applicable to your machine(s) under the overall emission limit option.
Guidance Document/ali.118
2-7
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Part Two
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2-8
Guidance Documcnt/als.118
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2.0
Batch Vapor or In-Line Machine
Requirements
There are three compliance options for batch vapor and in-line machines (see
Figure 2-1). The first two compliance options, control combinations and an idling
emission limit, require that your machine meet base design requirements. If you choose
control combinations, you will need to install a list of specific controls. If you choose to
maintain an idling emission standard, you are allowed to establish your own control
scenario. These options both require monitoring control equipment and adherence to
specified work practices. These options are described in Section 2.1.
The third compliance option is an overall emission limit (i.e., alternative standard). The
overall emission limit does not specify base design, equipment, equipment monitoring, or
work practice requirements. This overall emission limit standard allows the flexibility to
install the equipment and implement the work practices that you choose, provided you
meet the specified emission limit. This option is discussed in Section 2.2.
All three of the compliance options require some form of iccordkeeping discussed in
Sections 2.1.3, 2.1.5 and 2.2.3; and reporting, discussed in Section 2.3.
Remember: The compliance options for this rule are on a machine basis, rather than a
facility basis. Therefore, the same compliance option does not have to be
chosen for all of your machines. You can choose the compliance option
that is best for each of your machines.
2.1 EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE OPTIONS
If you choose the equipment compliance option, you must meet the base design
requirements described in Section 2.1.1, follow the work practices described in
Section 2.1.4, and meet additional emission control equipment requirements. You can
comply with the additional emission control equipment requirements in one of two ways:
1. Use a combination of controls specifically listed in the regulation; or
2. Comply with an idling emission limit that is measured while your machine
is idling.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-9
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Part Two
COMPLIANCE COMPONENTS
Batch Vapor and In-Line Machine Compliance Options
2-10
Guidance Document/
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Part Two
If you choose the control combination option, you must control beyond the base design
requirements by meeting one of the control combinations in Section 2.1.2. If you choose
the idling emission limit option, you must control beyond the base requirements by
installing controls that enable your machine to meet the idling emission limits cited in
Section 2.1.2.
Finally, if you choose either of the equipment compliance options, you must comply with
the applicable recordkeeping requirements, described in Sections 2.1.3, and 2.1.5, and
reporting requirements, discussed in Section 2.3.
2.1.1 Base Design Requirements
Each batch vapor and in-line machine complying with either of the equipment
compliance options must have ALL of the following base equipment:
A Cover or a Reduced Room Draft
The machine must have a manual or working-mode cover that completely covers the
machine openings. The cover must be periodically inspected to ensure that it remains
free of cracks, holes, and other defects. The cover must be closed at all times except:
when parts are being cleaned, when the solvent has been removed from the machine, or
when maintenance or monitoring is being performed that requires the cover to no be in
place. If you do not have a cover on your machine, measures must be taken to reduce
the room draft (as described in Section 2.1.3).
Minimum Freeboard Ratio
A freeboard ratio of 0.75 or higher is required. The freeboard ratio for your machine is
the height of the freeboard divided by the smallest interior freeboard width. For
example, if the height of the freeboard is 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) and the freeboard is
2 meters (6.6 feet) by 4 meters (13.2 feet) interior dimension, the freeboard ratio would
be 1.8 meters/2 meters (5.9 feet/6.6 feet) or 0.9.
Automated Parts Handling
All machines must have an automated parts handling system that handles parts from
initial loading to removal of cleaned parts. Examples include: motorized single-axis
hoists, motorized double axis hoists, and fully programmable hoists. Parts can move at a
maximum speed of 3.4 meters per minute (11 feet per minute). Manual hoists can be
used if you can demonstrate that the hoist can never exceed 3.4 meters per minute
(11 feet per minute). This could be demonstrated to your regulatory authority or
Guidance Documem/als.118 2-11
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Part Two
permitting authority by showing that the gearing of the hoist makes it physically
impossible to move it fast enough to exceed 3.4 meters per minute (11 feet per minute).
Although computerized or fully automated hoists or conveyors would satisfy the
automated parts handling requirement, these sophisticated systems are not specifically
required.
T
B. Double Axis Design, Programmable
*. Single Axk Des&i
Single and Double Axis Hoists
To determine the hoist speed, measure the time (in minutes) that it takes for the hoist to
move parts or a parts basket a measured vertical distance (i.e., moving parts into or out
of the machine) (in meters). The hoist's speed is then calculated by dividing the distance
travelled by the amount of time it took to travel that distance. For example, if the
measured time for your hoist to go from a point 1 meter (3.3 feet) above the freeboard
to a point at the fill line is 45 seconds (0.75 minutes), and the distance between these
points is 1 meters (6.6 feet), then the speed of your hoist is:
2 meters / 0.75 minutes = 2.7 meters per minute
6.6 feet./0.75 minutes = 8.8 feet per minute
Hoist monitoring must be conducted monthly. After a year of required monthly
monitoring without an exceedance, the monitoring frequency can be reduced to
Guidance Documeat/als.118
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Part Two
quarterly. However, if an exceedance occurs while monitoring quarterly, you must return
to a monthly monitoring schedule until another year of compliance without an
exceedance is demonstrated. If you can demonstrate to your regulatory authority that
the hoist cannot exceed a speed of 3.4 meters per minute (11 feet per minute), quarterly
monitoring is allowed including the first year.
See Appendix C for a sample recordkeeping form that can be used for the hoist
monitoring procedure.
Uquid and Vapor Level Indicators
All vapor cleaning machines must be equipped with a device that shuts off the sump heat
if the sump liquid solvent level drops to the sump heater coils. The liquid level indicator
is required to prevent the decomposition of the solvent. In addition, each machine must
be equipped with a vapor level control device that shuts off the sump heat in a vapor
cleaning machine if the vapor level rises above the height of the primary condenser. The
vapor level indicator is required to prevent the overflow of solvent vapor out of the
machine. There are no specific monitoring requirements for these indicators; however,
they must be kept operational at all times.
Primary Condenser
All vapor cleaning machines must have a primary condenser. A primary condenser
consists of a series of circumferential cooling coils on a machine through which chilled
liquid or gas is circulated or recirculated to provide continuous condensation of rising
solvent vapors. A primary condenser must be maintained to create a controlled vapor
zone. See the Glossary for an illustration of primary condenser coils for a batch vapor
cleaning machine. Cold cleaning machines are not required to have a primary
condenser.
Lip Exhaust Control
Some owners and operators of solvent cleaning machines rely on lip exhausts to meet
OSHA requirements. Use of a lip exhaust without any controls, while reducing worker
exposure on the one hand, dramatically increases the overall solvent emissions to the air.
Therefore, if lip exhausts are used on solvent cleaning machines, the rule requires that
emissions be routed to, and controlled by, a carbon adsorption unit. Each carbon
adsorption unit should be operated and maintained such that it meets the requirements
described in Section 2.1.3.
Guidance Documcnt/als.118
2-13
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Part Two
2.1.2 Equipment Combinations and Idling Emission Limits
If choosing to comply with the equipment compliance options: in addition to meeting
the base design requirements and work practices, you will need to ensure an additional
level of control. As mentioned previously, you can do this in one of two ways:
* Pick from an established list of control combinations (Table 2-2 or 2-3); or
* Demonstrate that your own controls meet an established idling emission
limit
ControJ Combinations
The established list of control combinations are listed in Tables 2-2 and 2-3 for batch
vapor and in-line machines, respectively. In order to comply with the equipment
combination option for a given cleaning machine you must first locate that cleaning
machine's type in either Table 2-2 or Table 2-3. Then you must select one of the control
combinations listed for that particular cleaning machine type and ensure that all of the
controls marked for that control combination are installed on that particular machine.
Example scenarios follow Tables 2-2 and Table 2-3. The requirements for each control
are described in Section 2.1.3.
The control combinations for batch vapor machines are separated into two groups based
on solvent-air interface area. Therefore, if you have a batch vapor machine you must
determine the machine's size using the procedure described in Section 1.2 of this part in
order to determine the control combinations that are allowable. There are 10 control
combination options available for batch vapor machines that are less than or equal to
1.21 square meters (13 square feet) in size, and 7 control combination options available
for batch vapor machines that are greater than 1.21 square meters (13 square feet) in
size
The control combinations for in-line machines are separated into two groups based on
their installation date. Therefore, if you have an in-line cleaning machine you need to
determine the date the machine was installed. Once the installation date is determined,
you can choose from the control combinations available for your machine. There are
four control combinations allowable for in-line machines that were installed on or before
November 29, 1993 (existing machines). There are three control combinations allowable
for in-line machines that were installed after November 29, 1993 (new machines).
Guidance Document/als.llS
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Table 2-2
Control Combinations for Batch Vapor Cleaning Machines
Part Two
Batch Vapor
Cleaning
Machine Size
Solvent-air
Interface Area
Less than or equal
to 1.21 square
meters (13 square
feet)
Solvent-air
Interface Area
Greater than
1.21 square meters
(13 square feet)
Option or
Control
Combination
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Controls
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V
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V
V
V
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V
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V
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V
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V
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V
V
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V
V
V
Guidance Document/als.118
2-15
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Part Two
Example:
If your batch vapor cleaning machine is 1 square meter (10.76 square feet)
in size, one of the 10 control combinations in the first half of Table 2-2
can be chosen. If your machine already has a freeboard refrigeration
device and a 0.75 freeboard ratio, you might choose to comply with
control option #6 by increasing the freeboard ratio of the machine to 1.0.
Alternatively, you might choose to comply with control option #7 by
holding parts in the freeboard area longer (dwell).
Table 2-3
Control Combinations for In-Line Cleaning Machines
In-Une Cleaning
Machine Type
if
Existing Machines
New Machine.')
Option or
Control
Combination
Number
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
Controls
*- CC
V
V
Super Heated
Vapor
V
V
V
*l
V
V
V
V
i!
V
V
V
I
V
V
2-16
Guidance Document/aU.l 18
-------
Part Two
Example:
If your in-line machine was installed in December of 1993, one of
the three control combinations in the second half of Table 2-3 can
be chosen. If your machine already has a carbon adsorber exhaust
system you could choose to comply with control option #2 by adding
a freeboard refrigeration device.
Equivalency: The methods of control in Tables 2-2 and 2-3 are not the only controls that
you can use when complying with the rule under the control combination
option. Other controls can be used if you can demonstrate that they can
achieve the same overall emission reduction as the control combinations
presented in the tables. For more information on how to demonstrate this
equivalency, contact your state or local air pollution control agency or the
EPA Regional Office where your state or territory resides (see Appendix J
for contact numbers). In general, however, it may be easier for you to
simply comply with the idling emission limit discussed below.
Idling Emission Limits
As an alternative to the listed control combinations, you can choose to comply with the
idling emission limit option. To do this, you are required to meet an emission limit that
is measured while the machine is idling (i.e., turned on, but not actively cleaning parts).
For batch vapor machines this idling emission rate is 0.22 kg per hour per square meter
(0.045 pounds per hour per square foot) of solvent-air interface area. For in-line
cleaning machines this idling emission rate is 0.10 kg per hour per square meter (0.021
pounds per hour per square foot) of solvent-air interface area.
It is expected that manufacturers will provide the idling emission rate for the machines
they manufacture as a service to their customers. If this service is not provided, you
must use Test Method 307 to determine the idling emission rate for your machine.
Idling emissions are to be measured under idling conditions (e.g., cover on) (see
Appendix H for the regulation and Test Method 307). A blank example calculation form
is included in Appendix D for your convenience. This form is not required; any
recordkeeping format incorporating the required documentation would be acceptable.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-17
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Part Two
2.1.3 Individual Control Requirements
For each of the controls that are used to comply with the control combination or idling
emission limit option, there are specific design, monitoring, and recordkeeping
requirements. These requirements are presented in Table 2-4 and are further explained
in the following text. The design requirements are necessary to define the controls and
ensure that each control is capable of fulfilling its intended purpose. The monitoring
requirements, which involve periodic checks of key equipment parameters, are necessary
to make sure the equipment is working properly. Recordkeeping is necessary to
document the results of installation, monitoring, and determination results. Additional
information regarding the monitoring and recordkeeping requirements for each control
device is presented below. If you use a control not included in Table 2-4 to comply with
the idling emission limit, you must submit design, monitoring and recordkeeping
requirements to your regulatory agency for approval. This information must be
submitted with your idling emission standard test report.
Carbon Adsorber (In Conjunction With a Up Exhaust)
The rule requires, that a carbon adsorber achieve an outlet concentration of no more
than 100 ppm of the covered solvents. Compliance with this requirement must be
determined by measuring and recording the concentration of the halogenated solvents in
the exhaust of the carbon adsorber with a colorimetric detector tube. This test needs to
be done while the machine is in the working mode (i.e., actively cleaning parts).
The colorimetric detector tube must be designed to measure a concentration of 100 parts
per million by volume of solvent in air to an accuracy of within 25 parts per million by
volume. You must follow the manufacturer's particular instructions for the use of their
detector. The samples must be taken at a point where the air flow is unobstructed.
According to the rule, the sampling port must be within the exhaust outlet of the carbon
adsorber that is easily accessible and located at least 8 stack or duct diameters
downstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion, contraction, or outlet;
downstream from no other inlet; and 2 stack or duct diameters upstream from any flow
disturbance such as a bend, expansion, contraction, inlet or outlet. If the concentration
exceeds 100 ppm, adjust the desorption schedule or replace the canister so that the
exhaust concentration of halogenated solvent is brought below 100 ppm. If
concentrations exceed 100 ppm after 15 days, you need to submit an exceedance report
(see Section 2.3.4 of this part)
Appendix C contains an example recordkeeping form for the documentation of carbon
adsorber exhaust solvent concentrations.
Guidance Document/aU.llb
-------
Part Two
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Part TWO
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2-21
-------
Part Two
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Guidance L)ocutncnt/
-------
Part Two
Cover (Idling-Mode and Working-Mode)
Solvent cleaning machines typically have a cover. Covers are classified as working-mode
covers or idling-mode covers (depending on when the covers can be closed).
An idling-mode cover is a cover that is closed at all times except when the machine is
actually cleaning parts. An idling-mode cover should also be closed between loads, if
possible. A sliding cover is an example of an idling-mode cover.
A working-mode cover is a cover that can be closed at all times, including when parts
are being cleaned. The only time a working-mode cover opens is when parts are
entering or exiting the machine. An example of a working-mode cover is a bi-parting
cover. However, any cover that can be closed during cleaning qualifies as a working-
mode cover. This includes a cover on a machine with a hoist system designed to detach
the parts from the hoist during cleaning; this allows the cover to be closed while the
parts are being cleaned. Use of a working-mode cover would also satisfy the idling cover
requirements in the rule.
If the compliance option you choose includes the use of a cover, every month you must,
(1) inspect whether the cover is opening and closing properly during the proper
operating modes, (2) whether the cover completely covers the cleaning nwbine(s)
openings when closed, and (3) whether the cover is free of cracks, holes, or ather
defects. See Appendix C for an example recordkeeping form that can be used to
document your monthly cover inspection results.
Dwell
Dwell time is the period of time that parts are held in the machine freeboard area above
the vapor zone after they are cleaned. A dwell time is used to ensure that liquid solvent
on and in the part either vaporizes within the machine confines or drains back into the
machine rather than into the work area. It also allows any vapor trapped within parts to
flow back into the machine. There are two alternatives for implementing the dwell:
1. You can determine and use the appropriate dwell time for each of the
parts or parts baskets that you clean; or
2. You can determine and use the maximum dwell time using the most
complex part type or parts basket.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-23
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Part Two
The method for determining the proper dwell time is based on the primary cleaning
time; the primary cleaning time is the time required for a room temperature part to stop
dripping when placed in the vapor zone (i.e., amount of time it takes to reach the vapor
zone temperature). Once the part stops dripping, cleaning stops unless other cleaning
actions (e.g., dipping the part in the liquid solvent) occur.
The dwell time is determined as follows:
1. Measure (with a clock or stopwatch) the amount of time it takes for the
parts or parts baskets to cease dripping once placed in the vapor zone.
This is the primary cleaning time. (Remember, parts must be at room
temperature before placing them in the vapor zone.)
2. The dwell time must be no less than 35 percent of the primary cleaning
time determined above.
Example.
If your part or parts basket stops dripping after 2 minutes (120 seconds)
in the vapor zone, then the proper dwell time for that part or parts
basket would be equal to:
120 seconds * 0.35 = 42 seconds
To monitor the dwell time, you must measure and record the actual dwell time monthly.
In addition, records of tests required to determine the appropriate dwell time must be
kept. An example recordkeeping form that can be used to document the dwell time for
a part or parts basket is provided in Appendix C.
2-24
Guidance Documeat/als.llS
-------
Part Two
Freeboard Refrigeration Device (FRD)
A FRD chills the air immediately above the vapor zone forming a cool air blanket that
slows the diffusion of solvent out of the machine. The rule requires that a FRD have
enough cooling capacity to cool the air in the freeboard area of the machine to a
temperature that is no greater than 30 percent of the boiling point (in degrees
Fahrenheit) of the solvent being used. An example calculation for determining the
maximum required FRD temperature for a solvent with a boiling point of 100 degrees
Fahrenheit follows:
100 degrees Fahrenheit x 0.3 = 30 degrees Fahrenheit
(maximum FRD temperature)
Therefore, if you are using a solvent with a boiling point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit your
FRD must cool the air in the freeboard area of the machine to at least 30 degrees
Fahrenheit. Table 2-5 lists the temperature that a FRD must achieve for each of the
solvents covered by the rule.
Table 2-5
Freeboard Refrigeration Device Temperature Requirements
Solvent
Methylene Chloride
Trichloroethylene
1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
Chloroform
Carbon Tetrachloride
Perchlorothylene
Boiling Point
°F
104
189
165
143
168
250
Maximum Allowed Air Blanket
Temperature
°F
31
57
50
43
50
75
ec
0
14
10
6
10
24
°F = degree Fahrenheit
°C = degree Celsius
Guidance Documem/als.118
2-25
-------
Part Two
The temperature measurement must be made weekly at the center of the air blanket
above the vapor zone during the idling mode. This measurement can be accomplished
by attaching a thermometer or a thermocouple to the parts basket or hoist hook and
lowering it into the machine so that it is in the center of the air blanket above the vapor
zone. This is done when the machine is turned on but not processing parts.
A blank recordkeeping form that can be used to document the maximum allowed
freeboard air temperature and the weekly measurement of this temperature can be
found in Appendix C,
Reduced Room Draft (RRD)
When using the RRU control technique, roomdrafts must not exceed 15.2 meters/minute
(50 feet/minute). A variety of techniques can be used to reduce room drafts. Methods
to reduce room drafts include, but are not limited to:
• Redirecting air vents and/or fans so that they do not blow into, across, or
through the machine,
• Moving the machine to an area with less cross-ventilation, permanently
closing doors or windows, or
» Enclosing the machine.
Any method can be used as long as the requirements for RRD are met and maintained.
Windspeed iricasuremenis are to be taken by doing the following:
Determine the direction of the wind by rotating a velometer (or similar
windspeed measuring device) within six inches above the top of the
freeboard area of your machine until the maximum speed
is located
| Orient the velometer in the direction of the wind at each of the four
Step2:| comers of your machine and record the reading for each corner.
Total the values obtained at each corner and divide the total by four. The
result is the average windspeed. Record the average windspeed.
2-26
Guidance Uocumem/aU.118
-------
Part TWO
To ensure that the RRD requirement is met continuously, the rule requires that the
room conditions established during the test be maintained. See Appendix C for an
example recordkeeping form for the RRD measurements.
Example:
Your measurements indicate that the windspeed near your solvent
cleaning machine is 30 meters per minute (100 feet per minute). This
is twice the allowable reduced room draft windspeed. Looking at the
room parameters you notice that most of the wind is coining from an
air vent. You redirect the air vent, close the windows in the room, and
remeasure the windspeed. This time the windspeed is 14 meters per
minute (45 feet per minute), which is below the reduced room draft
windspeed of 15.2 meters/minute (50 feet/minute). As part of
establishing your RRD you now must write down the room conditions
that allowed you to achieve the RRD. For instance, the vent must be
directed away from the cleaning machine and the windows must be
closed. If the door was opened during the test, the door can be open or
closed. Each month you would make sure that these parameters stay
the same.
If a full or partial enclosure is used to achieve the reduced room draft for your
machine(s), you need to conduct an initial windspeed monitoring test and, thereafter,
measure and record the wind speed within the enclosure monthly. The wind speed
within the enclosure can be measured by slowly rotating a velometer (or similar wind
measuring device) inside the entrance to the enclosure until the maximum windspeed is
located. Along with your windspeed measurements, you also need to monitor and record
the maintenance of the enclosure monthly.
Super-Heated Vapor (SHV) System
Super-heated vapor systems create super-heated solvent vapor within the vapor zone.
Parts are held within the SHV. The SHV heats the parts and evaporates liquid solvent
on the parts before they are withdrawn from the cleaning machine. The rule requires
that a SHV system heat solvent vapor at the center of the SHV zone to at least
10 degrees Fahrenheit above the solvents' boiling point. Table 2-6 lists the minimum
temperature that a SHV system must achieve in the super-heated vapor zone for the
solvents covered by the rule.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-27
-------
Part Two
If yo-.! usv- a SHY system io comply with the rule, you need to follow the manufacturer's
.stx-c;ficaiions for determining the minimum proper dwell time within the SHV and make
sure pa'ts stay within the SHV for at least that long. The temperature at the center of
the supt;;--heated vapor zone can be measured by attaching a thermometer or
thermocouple to the hoist hook or parts basket and then introducing it into the center of
the super-heated vapor zone of the machine. Appendix C contains a blank
recordkeeping form that can be used to document the measured vapor zone temperature.
Table 2-6
Super-Heated Vapor Temperature Requirements
Solvent
Methylene Chloride
TrichJoroethylene
1,1, 1 -Trichloroethane
Chloroform
Carbon Tetrachloride
Perchloroethylene
Boilin
•F
104
189
165
143
168
250
] point
°C
40
87
74
62
76
121
Minimum
Tern
°F
114
199
175
153
178
260
Allowed SHV
lerature
°C
46
93
79
67
81
127
°F = degrees Fahrenheit
°C = degrees Celsius
2.1.4
Work Practices
Each operator of a machine complying with the equipment compliance option must
implement the following work practices. A one page summary of these work practices
that can be used as a reminder poster in the work place is included in Appendix E for
your convenience
2-28
Guidance Document/aU.118
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Part Two
Maintain Equipment as Recommended by the Manufacturer
To make sure that the machine and its associated controls are working properly you are
required to maintain the equipment as recommended by the manufacturers of the
equipment. Alternative maintenance practices can be used if they have been
demonstrated to the approved permitting authority's satisfaction to achieve the same or
better results as those recommended by the manufacturer. For additional information on
how to demonstrate equivalency contact your State or local air pollution control agency.
Minimize Air Disturbances in the Machine and the Room
You are required to control air disturbances in and around the machine to reduce
solvent losses. To achieve this, cover(s) must be in place at all times except when: the
machine is cleaning parts, when the solvent has been removed from the machine, or
when maintenance or monitoring is being performed that requires the cover(s) not to be
in place. If a cover cannot be used, air disturbances must be controlled by RRD
measures described in Section 2.1.3.
Minimize Air Disturbances Due to Parts Movement
Solvent vapor can be pulled or pushed out of the machine when the parts basket or part
enters the machine. The solvent vapor loss is greatest when a "piston effect" is created.
This occurs when the parts introduced into the machine are close in size to the solvent-
air interface area. To reduce these solvent vapor losses you are required to do at least
one of the following.
• Limit the size of parts or baskets in open-top batch vapor cleaning
machines to less than 50 percent of the solvent-air interface area. For
example, a machine that has a solvent-air interface that is 4 meters
(13.12 feet) long and 4 meters (13.12 feet) wide has a solvent-air interface
area of 16 square meters (172.13 square feet). Therefore, the parts basket
cannot have an area greater than 50 percent of 16 square meters
(172.13 square feet), or 8 square meters (86.07 square feet); or,
• Introduce the parts basket or part at a speed of 0.9 meters per minute
(3 feet per minute) or less.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-29
-------
Part
Minimize Solvent Loss Due to Spraying Operations
If your cleaning process involves solvent spraying, you must make sure that the spraying
is done within the vapor zone. Alternatively, the spraying can be performed within a
section of the machine that is not directly exposed to the ambient air (i.e., a baffled or
enclosed area of the machine). This will help prevent splashing and spraying of the
solvent outside of the machine
Reduce the Pooling of Solvent On and In Parts
Orient your parts so that the solvent drains from them freely. If your parts have cavities
or blind holes, tip or rotate them before removing the parts from the machine. These
measures will help reduce the carry out of solvent on the parts. Only remove parts if
solvent dripping has stopped.
By giving parts adequate time to drain, the amount of solvent that is carried out of the
machine on the parts can be greatly reduced. Under this work practice, it is expected
that you should wait till most of the solvent has drained and dripping has stopped. This
work practice is not as stringent as a dwell, which requires a longer draining period, as
discussed in Section 2.1.3.
Proper Startup and Shutdown Procedures
Improper start-up and/or shutdown procedures can cause unnecessary solvent losses.
You are required by the rule to use proper procedures. When starting a machine you
need to turn on the primary condenser before you turn on the sump heater. This will
allow the chilled layer of air that confines the solvent vapors to the machine to form
before solvent vapor is created.
Likewise, when shutting down a machine you need to turn off the sump heater to allow
the solvent vapor layer to collapse before turning off the primary condenser. The vapor
layer collapses soon after the sump heater is turned off. You can ask the vendor of your
machine for an acceptable time between turning on or off the primary condenser and
superheater for your machine(s) or you can observe the layer collapse (on an open-top)
by watching the "wet line" on the side of the inside wall.
Proper Solvent Transfer Procedures
Large amounts of solveni can be lost due to leaks and spills during the transfer of
solvent from the solvent tanks to the machine and from the machine to the waste tanks.
The rule requires that solvent added or drained from any machine be transferred using
•&-3U Guidance Document/als.ll&
-------
Part Two
threaded or other leak-proof couplings during rilling. The rule also requires that the end
of the pipe or hose introducing or withdrawing the solvent be located beneath the liquid
solvent surface (i.e., submerged filling) in the sump.
Store Solvent Waste in Closed Containers
The responsibility for limiting cleaning solvent emissions and/or releases does not end
when the solvent is removed from the machine. The rule requires that waste solvent,
still bottoms, and sump bottoms be collected and stored in closed containers once the
solvent is removed from the machine. These closed containers can contain a device that
allows pressure relief, but should not allow liquid solvent to drain from the container.
Do Not Clean Absorbent Materials.
Absorbent materials soak up solvent and carry it out of the machine where it is later
emitted. Therefore, the rule does not allow cleaning of absorbent materials such as
sponges, fabric, wood, and paper products in a machine.
Take and Pass a Solvent Cleaning Procedures Test
To ensure that each operator has adequate knowledge of solvent cleaning operating
procedures, each operator of a solvent cleaning machine must complete and pass
applicable sections of a solvent cleaning procedures test. This test will be given during
inspections by your regulatory agency. The solvent cleaning procedures test and answers
are presented in Appendix E.
2.1.5 General Recordkeepina Requirements
Recordkeeping is required to ensure that installation, monitoring, and applicable results
are documented and retained. Records are kept to aid you in preparing reports and are
reviewed during compliance check inspections conducted by your regulatory agency. The
rule requires that you maintain paper or electronic records (i.e., computer disk) of the
following for the lifetime of the machine:
• Owner's manuals for each machine and piece of control equipment. If
unavailable, written maintenance and operating procedures can be
substituted.
• Records documenting the installation date of your machine(s). If this date
is not known, you can maintain a letter certifying that the machine(s) were
installed prior to, or on, November 29, 1993, or after November 29, 1993.
Guidance Document/als.118
2-31
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Part Two
November 29, 1993, is the date that this rule was proposed. This date is
important because any machine installed on or before this date is
considered an "existing source" and any machine installed after this date is
considered a "new source." In this rule, some existing and new sources
have slightly different compliance requirements.
The ru)e requires that you maintain a record of your solvent consumption estimates for
each of your machines in paper or electronic form (i.e., computer disk) for 5 years,
regardless of the compliance option you choose. Appendix C contains an example
recordkeeping form that can be used to document your solvent consumption estimates.
Specific recordkeeping requirements based on the control compliance option chosen are
d in Sections 2.1.3 and 2.1.5.
2.2 OVERALL EMISSION LIMIT
Rather than complying with one of the equipment compliance options presented in
Section 2. 1, you could elect to comply with an overall emission limit (i.e., alternative
standard). This option allows you the flexibility to establish your own emission reduction
strategy provided you comply with the overall emission limit. Applicable overall
emission limits are based on your cleaning machine type and size. If you comply with
the limit specified for your machine, you do not have to follow any additional equipment
monitoring or work practice requirements. In addition, operators of machines complying
with this option are not subject to the solvent cleaning procedures test presented in
Section 2.1.4.
This option is generally easiest to comply with when a machine is either already well-
controlled or infrequently used. During the 3 years before compliance, you may want to
measure the solvent emissions from your "existing " machines to see if this option is
feasible for yovir situation.
2.2.1 Determining Your Overall Emission Limit
To deteimine the 3-month average monthly emission limit for your machine(s), you need
to multiply the solvent-air interface area ("size") of the machine by the applicable limit
specified in Table 2-7 (see example).
It youi .nacnine does not have a solvent-air interface area, your emission limit is based
on your machine's cleaning capacity. An emission limit based on a machine's cleaning
capacity is not a compliance option for a machine with a solvent-air interface area. See
Appendix 8 for applicable emission limits based on a machine's cleaning capacity.
Recoidr, of the cleaning capacity determination for each of your machines without a
2-37
Guidance Document/als
-------
Part TWO
Table 2-7
Overall Emission Limit
Machine Type
Batch vapor
Existing in-line
New in-line
3-Month Average Monthly
Emission Limit (kg/m2 x
month)*
150
153
99
3-Month Average
Monthly Emission Limit
(Ibs/ft2 x month)D
30.7
31.4
20
a m2 = The total surface area of all cleaning tanks for a particular machine
(i.e., solvent-air interface area).
b ft2 = The total surface area of all cleaning tanks for a particular machine (i.e., solvent-
air interface area).
solvent-air interface are to be maintained on : te in paper or electronic form
(i.e., computer disk) for the lifetime of the machine. Appendix C contains an example
recordkeeping form that can be used to document this determination.
Example:
If you own or operate a batch vapor cleaning machine
with a solvent-air interface area of 10m2 (108 ft2) the
monthly emission limit is calculated as follows:
10 m2 x 150 kg/m2 x month = 1,500 kg/month
or
108 ft2 x 30.7 lb/ft2 x month = 3,316 Ib/month
Guidance Doc'-nent/als.llS
2-33
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Part Two
Example:
If you own or operate a vacuum to vacuum cleaning
machine with no measurable solvent-air interface, you
must use the procedure in Appendix B to determine the
cleaning capacity. If the cleaning capacity has been
measured to be 5.5 m3, you must find the corresponding
emission limit in Table B-l. Which in this case is
918 kg/month (2,024 Ib/month).
2.2.2 Calculating Your 3-Month Rolling Average Emissions
Compliance with the overall emission limit option (i.e., alternative standard) is
demonstrated by determining the 3-month rolling average monthly emissions for each
cleaning machine for which you have chosen this compliance option. The steps to
calculate this value for each machine are outlined below.
On the first operating day of each month, gather the following information
for each machine for the preceding month.
SA - The amount of haiogenated solvent (i.e., C, CT, MC, PCE, TCA, TCE)
added (kilograms [or pounds] of solvent added) to the machine that month
(including any solvent added to bring the solvent level up to the fill line).
• The solvent level should be returned to the same level at the
beginning of each month before calculations are made. This is
typically done by filling the tank to a marked solvent fill line.
• The solvent in the machine should be clean. The rule specifically
states that the solvent does not have to be new solvent. However,
all metal and dirt should be removed from the machine. This will
ensure that the solvent emissions calculated for the machine are
accurate.
2-34
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LSR - The amount of halogenated solvent removed (kilograms [or pounds] of
liquid solvent removed) from the machine that month.
• The amount of solvent removed means the amount of solvent
intentionally removed from your machine during the month. It does
not mean that you need to remove (or drain) the solvent from your
machine every month.
SSR - The amount of halogenated solvent removed (kilograms [or pounds] of
solvent removed) from the machine in solid waste.
• This information can be obtained by using the EPA test method
25D-Determination of the Volatile Organic Concentration of Waste
Samples (56 FR 33544). This test method requires the use of a
flame ionization detector (FID) or an electrolytic conductivity
detector (ELCD). The use of this equipment should not be
attempted by someone unfamiliar with their operation.
• Alternatively, this information can be obtained from engineering
calculations.
AREA - The solvent-air interface area of the machine, in square meters (or square
feet). A description of how to determine the solvent-air interface is
provided in Section 1.2 of this part.
Subtract the sum of LSR and SSR from SA. Then, divide this by AREA. The result is
E!, the monthly emissions (kilograms of solvent emitted per square meter of solvent-air
interface area [or pounds of solvent emitted per square foot of solvent-air interface
area]) for that given month.
SA - (LSR + SSR) _ £
AREA = l
Add the solvent emissions (Ej) determined in Step 1 to the emissions
calculated for the 2 previous months (Ej and £3) to obtain ESUM, the total
solvent emissions for the last 3 months (kilograms per square meter
[or pounds per square foot]).
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F + F « F = F
E-j + C2 - C3 £,,
'SUM
• Ej - Monthly emissions (kilograms per square meter [or pounds per
square foot]) for the current month.
• £3 • Monthly emissions (kilograms per square meter [or pounds per
square foot]) from the previous month.
• E3 - Monthly emissions (kilograms per square meter [or pounds per
square foot]) from two months prior.
* ESUM • Total solvent emissions for the last 3 months (kilograms per square
meter [pound per square foot]).
I Divide ESUM by three. The result is EA, the 3-month rolling average
monthly emissions (kilograms of solvent emissions per square meter of
solvent-air interface area [pound of solvent emissions per square foot of
solvent-air interface area]) for that month for each machine.
• £A = The 3-month rolling average monthly emissions (kilograms of
solvent emissions per square meter of solvent-air interface area [or
pounds of solvent emissions per square foot of solvent-air interface
area]).
2.2.3 Overall Emission Limit Recordkeeplno
The overall solvent emission limit (i.e., alternative standard) option has no associated
monitoring and has less recordkeeping requirements than the equipment options
(i.e., equipment combinations and idling emission limit options). If you choose to
comply with the overall solvent emission limit option you must maintain the following
records on site in paper or electronic form (i.e., computer disk) for 5 years:
• Records of the dates and amounts of solvent added to the machine.
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• The amount of solvent in the wastes removed from the machine.
• Calculation sheets showing how the monthly emissions and the 3-month
rolling average monthly emissions were determined (See Appendix C for
example calculation recordkeeping forms).
2.3 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
Regardless of the selected compliance option, you are required to submit periodic
reports. The reports are necessary to inform your regulatory agency that this rule applies
to you and that you are complying with the rule. Information for all machines subject to
the rule can be included in a single report. The types of reports specifically required by
this rule are:
• An initial notification report;
• Initial statement of compliance report;
• Annual compliance reports;
• An exceedance report (required only when an exceedance occurs); and
• An equivalency determination report (required only if you want to request
a procedure or equipment equivalency).
Since you are subject to this rule, you also have General Provision reporting
requirements. See the final rule in Appendix I for a table of General Provision
requirements that apply to this rule. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide
example forms for these requirements.
Each owner and operator of cleaning machines covered by this rule must submit the
appropriate reports as described in this section. Some of the information requested in
the reports (e.g., name, address, etc.) are facility specific, but most of the information
requested in the reports is machine specific This is because compliance with the rule is
determined on a per machine basis, not on a per facility basis. Therefore, as indicated
later in this section, you may need to provide different information in your reports for
machines complying with different options. Differences also exist between the reports
required for new and existing cleaning machines. These differences generally do not
affect the content of the report, but do affect the timing of the report. The following
example illustrates the different requirements for a new and existing machine required to
complete an initial notification and initial compliance report.
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Example:
For example, lets say you have two batch vapor cleaning machines, A
and B. Cleaning machine A is an existing machine for which you have
chosen the equipment combination compliance option. Cleaning
machine B is a new machine (constructed on January 26, 1995, startup
beginning on February 15, 1995) for which you have chosen the overall
emission limit compliance option.
Initial Notification Report
For machine A, the initial notification report is due by August 29, 1995,
for machine B, it is due by January 26, 1995. The type of information
that you provide in the initial notification reports will be identical for
each machine, except that for machine A, you have to certify that it is
an existing machine, and for machine B, you must provide information
on the date of construction and startup.
Initial Statement of Compliance
For machine A, the initial statement of compliance report is due by
December 2, 1997, for machine B it is due by July 15, 1995. The
content of the two reports differ due to the different compliance options
chosen. The report for machine A will contain information on the
controls used and the monitoring parameters to be measured. The
report for machine B will contain information on the solvent
air-interface area and the 3-month rolling average monthly emission
calculation.
Example reporting forms are included in Appendix F for your convenience. These forms
are not required; any report format incorporating the required information would be
acceptable.
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2.3.1 Initial Notification Report
The initial notification report is used to notify the appropriate regulatory authority that
the rule applies to you. It also provides some preliminary facility and machine
information. The schedule for submitting the report is dependent on the type and status
(i.e., new versus existing) of the machine.
• A report for existing machines is due by August 29, 1995.
• A report for new machines, where construction or reconstruction and initial
startup had not begun before December 2, 1994, is due as soon as possible
before startup, but no later than January 31, 1995.
• A report for new machines, where construction or reconstruction began
after December 2, 1994, is due as soon as possible before starting
construction or reconstruction of the machine.
The content of the initial notification report is slightly different for existing and new
batch vapor and in-line cleaning machines as indicated below. The initial notification
report should include the following information:
• Your name and address;
• The address (i.e., physical location) of your solvent cleaning machine(s);
• A description of your solvent cleaning machine(s), including type (i.e.,
batch vapor, in-line vapor, in-line cold), solvent-air interface area, and
existing controls;
• The anticipated compliance approach for each of your machine(s)
(i.e., control combinations, idling emission limit, or the overall emission
limit),
• An estimate of annual halogenated HAP (i.e., C, CT, MC, PCE, TCA,
TCE) solvent consumption for each machine;
• Identification of the relevant standard;
• Whether you are an area or major source (see Glossary for a definition of
major and area source); and
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* If the report is for an existing machine, installation date or certification
letter indicating that your machine(s) and its control devices were in-place
before November 29, 1993.
* If the report is for a new machine, you need to submit the following, if
applicable,
A notification of intention to construct,
The expected date of construction or reconstruction commencement,
A notification of the date when construction or reconstruction
commenced,
The expected completion date of the construction or reconstruction,
and
The anticipated date of initial startup of machine.
Example initial notification report forms are included in Appendix F for your
convenience
2.3.2 Initial Statement of Compliance Report
The initial statement of compliance report is used to demonstrate to the appropriate
regulatory authority that your machines are in compliance with the rule. It includes
information on the control option chosen and the necessary demonstration
measurements
* An existing machine must to be in compliance with the rule by
December 2, 1997, and an initial statement of compliance report is due no
later than May 1, 1998.
• A new machine must be in compliance with the rule at startup or
December 2, 1994, whichever is later. The initial statement of compliance
report for a new machine is due no later that 150 days after startup or
May 1, 1995, whichever is later.
The cement of the initial statement of compliance report differs depending on the
compliance option you choose.
/If
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If you choose to comply with the control combination or idling emission limit equipment
standard, the initial statement of compliance report should include the following
information for each machine:
• Your name and address;
• The address (i.e., physical location) of your machine(s);
• A list of the control equipment used on your machine to comply with the
rule;
• For each piece of control equipment on your machine that is required to
be monitored, a list of parameters that are to be monitored and the values
of these parameters measured on or during the first month after the
compliance date;
• If you use reduced room draft as a control option you need to report the
conditions that must be maintained to comply with the windspeed
requirement (e.g., enclosure, closed doors, closed windows);
• If you choose to comply with the idling emission limit you need to submit
an idling emission limit test report for tests of idling emissions (this test
report can come from the vendor or manufacturer of your machine
[Section 2.1.2 of this pan presents a discussion on the idling emission limit
option]); and
• If you use a carbon adsorber as a control option you need to submit a
report of the weekly measurement of the halogenated HAP solvent
concentration in the carbon adsorber exhaust for your machine.
An initial statement of compliance report form is included in Appendix F for your
convenience.
If you choose to comply with the alternative standard (i.e., overall emission limit), the
initial statement of compliance report should include the following information for each
machine:
• Your name and address;
• The address (i.e., physical location) of your machine(s);
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• The solvent-air interface area for each machine, or for a machine without a
solvent-air interface area, a description of the results and method used to
determine the cleaning capacity of your machine(s); and
• The results of the first three-month rolling average monthly emissions
calculation.
An initial statement of compliance notification report form is included in Appendix F for
your convenience.
2.3.3 Annual Compliance Report
Everyone complying with the rule must submit an annual report. This report is due
before February 1 of the year following the year your report covers. If you chose to
comply with the control combination or idling emission limit options this report must
contain the following information:
• A statement, signed by you (the owner or operator) or someone you
designate, stating that, "All operators of solvent cleaning machines have
received training on the proper operation of solvent cleaning machines and
their control devices sufficient to pass the test required."
* A solvent consumption estimate for the reporting period for each of your
machines (i.e., over the course of the reported year).
If you chose to comply with the alternative standard (i.e., overall emission limit) option,
this report must to contain the following information:
* The size (solvent-air interface area or cleaning capacity) and type (e.g.,
batch vapor cleaning machine) of each machine.
* The average monthly solvent consumption for each machine.
• The three-month monthly rolling average solvent emission estimates
calculated each month for each machine.
An example annual report form is included in Appendix F for your convenience.
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2.3.4 Exceedance Report
Exceedance reports are required for all machines. An exceedance report states whether
any exceedances in monitored parameters have occurred and what actions were taken to
correct any exceedances. An exceedance report is required every 6 months if there is
not an exceedance, and every 3 months if there is an exceedance. If an exceedance did
not occur the report would consist of a statement certifying that there were no
exceedances. Your regulatory agency may decide that you need to submit this report
more frequently.
The frequency of the exceedance report increases to quarterly after an exceedance
occurs. The first quarterly report must be submitted in the quarter during which the
exceedance occurred. The quarterly exceedance report should contain the following
information:
• If you have had an exceedance of a monitored control equipment
parameter or solvent emissions limit, the reason for the exceedance and
the corrective actions taken must be reported.
• If you have had no exceedances of a monitored control equipment
parameter or solvent emissions limit, or a piece of your machine's
equipment has not needed to be repaired, or adjusted, such information
shall be stated in your report. An example exceedance report form is
included in Appendix F for your convenience.
After an exceedance, the frequency of reporting can be reduced to every six months if
you meet the following requirements:
• Your machine has not had an exceedance for a year.
• You continue to comply with all of the monitoring and recordkeeping
requirements for your machine.
• Your regulatory authority agrees to a reduction to a 6-month frequency.
2.3.5 Equivalency Request Report
If you want to use different equipment or procedures than those specified in the rule,
you can apply for approval from your regulatory authority. In order to obtain approval
you will need to demonstrate that the alternative equipment or procedures that you want
to use are equivalent to those specified in the rule. For existing machines, you need to
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submh this application/report no later than June 3, 1996, in order to obtain an
equivalency approval prior to the required compliance date. For new machines you need
to submit this application/report and receive approval of that application prior to startup
of your machine.
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3.0
Batch Cold Cleaning Machine
Requirements
Batch cold cleaning machines must meet control equipment options and work practice
requirements, except for machines with a water layer, which are exempt from work
practices. The compliance options for this rule are on a per cleaning machine basis
rather than a per facility basis. Therefore, the same compliance option does not have to
be chosen for all of your machines.
Section 3.1 discusses the different types of cold cleaning machines. Section 3.2 presents
the control equipment options and work practices required under the rule. Section 3.3
presents the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements for batch cold
cleaning machines.
3.1 WHAT TYPE OF
BATCH COLD
CLEANING
MACHINE DO
YOU HAVE?
The two different types of batch
cold machines covered by the
rule are immersion and remote
reservoir.
• Your machine is a
remote reservoir
batch cold cleaning
machine if solvent
is sprayed onto the
parts in a sink-like
work area and
drains back into an
enclosed container
through a small
drain (see Figure).
Spxay
Hose
Cover
Cleaning
Sink
Solvent
7
Remote Reservoir Cleaning Machine
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Basket
Solvent
Cover
Cleaning
Tank
3.2
Immersion Cleaning Machine
Your machine is an immersion batch cold cleaning machine if parts are
cleaned by immersing them in the solvent (see Figure). Note that an
immersion machine may store solvent in a remote reservoir, but still
considered an immersion machine if parts are immersed in the solvent.
Small buckets, pails, and beakers with solvent capacities less than 7.6 liters
(2 gallons) are not considered to be immersion cold cleaning machines.
CONTROL EQUIPMENT OPTIONS AND WORK PRACTICES
There are two control equipment combinations to choose from for an immersion cold
cleaning machine, and one option equipment control for a remote reservoir cold cleaning
machine
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If you have an immersion cold cleaning machine you must ensure that one of the
following control equipment combinations is in place:
Cover and a 2.5 cm (1 in.) water layer
SL
Cover and a 0.75 freeboard ratio or greater
If you have a remote reservoir cold cleaning machine you must ensure that it has a
cover.
Table 2-8
Work Practice Requirements for Batch Cold Machines
Comply with the following work practices (machines with a water layer are exempt
from work practices).
1. Store solvent waste in closed containers.
2. Flush parts in freeboard area.
3. Minimize the pooling of solvent on and in parts.
4. Do not fill machine above fill line.
5. Clean up spills immediately.
6. Store wipe rags in closed containers.
7. Do not agitate solvent to the point of causing splashing.
8. When cover is open, control room drafts.
9. Do not clean absorbent materials.
If you comply with the rule by using a cover and a 0.75 freeboard ratio or greater (for an
immersion cold cleaning machine), or a cover (for a remote reservoir cold cleaning
machine), you also need to comply with work practices (See Table 2-8).
3.3 MONITORING, REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING
REQUIREMENTS
An initial notification report and compliance report are required for batch cold cleaning
machines. However, there are no additional monitoring, recordkeeping, or reporting
requirements. Information to be included in these reports is presented below. Example
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reporting forms are included in Appendix G for your convenience. These forms are not
required; any report format incorporating the required information would be acceptable.
3.3.1 Initial Notification Report
The initial notification report provides preliminary facility and cleaning machine
information, and is used to notify the appropriate regulatory authority. The schedule for
submitting the report depends on the status of the machine (i.e., new versus existing).
• A notification report for existing batch cold machines is due no later than
August 29, 1995.
• A notification report for new batch cold machines, where construction or
reconstruction and initial startup had not begun before December 2, 1994,
is due as soon as possible before startup, but no later than January 31,
1995.
• A notification report for new batch cold machines, where construction or
reconstruction began after December 2, 1994, is due as soon as possible
before starting construction or reconstruction of the machine.
The initial notification report needs to include the following information for each
cleaning machine:
• Your name and address;
• The address (i.e., physical location) of your machine;
• A description of your cleaning machine type (i.e., immersion batch cold
cleaning machine, remote reservoir batch cold cleaning machine), solvent-
air interface area, and existing controls;
• The installation date of your machine;
• Your anticipated equipment control combination compliance approach;
and
• An estimate of annual halogenated solvent consumption for each machine.
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3.3.2 Compliance Report
The Compliance Report is used to demonstrate to the appropriate regulatory authority
that your machines are in compliance with the rule. It provides the control option
chosen and a statement of compliance.
• The compliance report for existing machines is due no later than
May 1, 1998.
• The compliance report for new machines is due no later than 150 days
after startup or May 1, 1995, whichever is later.
The compliance report should include the following information for each cleaning
machine:
• Your name and address;
• The address (i.e., physical location) of your machine;
• A statement, signed by you, stating that your batch cold machine is in
compliance with the rule; and
• The method of compliance you chose for your machine.
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Part Three
Alternatives
to
Halogenated
Solvent
Cleaning
LLJ
LU
CC
DC
Q.
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1.0
Introduction
Some owners or operators of halogenated solvent cleaners may decide to switch to
alternative cleaning techniques rather than comply with the halogenated solvent cleaning
NESHAP. In some cases, the decision to seek out an alternative solvent (for purposes of
this document alternative means "non-halogenated") or cleaning process is an easy one.
This is true in cases where solvents will no longer be available or will be available at a
greatly increased cost due to restrictions or prohibitions on their manufacture (see
Section 2.0 below). In other cases, alternatives are sought to meet a corporate objective
to remove a particularly hazardous solvent from use. These corporate objectives are
usually instituted for one or more of the following reasons:
• To reduce worker exposure;
• To reduce the cost of the storage, handling, management, and disposal of
hazardous wastes;
• To comply with regulations; and
• To foster a positive public image.
No matter what the reason is for the search for an alternative solvent or cleaning
process, the basic questions are the same - What are the alternatives, and what
alternative should be chosen? Of course, due to differences in processes, cleaning needs,
and other factors, the answers to these questions are not going to be the same for
everyone. Luckily, you are not the first to ask these questions and therefore there are
many alternatives out there covering a variety of applications and there are also many
sources available that can help you choose among them. The information in this section
is provided to help answer these questions and to show where you can go to find out
more about alternative solvents.
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2.0
Regulations to Consider
Many regulations exist that may limit or influence your choice of alternatives. Some
regulations restrict or prohibit the manufacture of particular cleaning solvents, whereas
other regulations control the use of solvents and the disposal of the waste they generate.
Table 3-1 presents a list of some of the regulations, and corresponding Code of Federal
Regulation citations, that you should consider when evaluating the availability and
appropriateness of particular alternatives for your cleaning application needs. This list is
not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to provide a starting point by including the
regulations that are most likely to impact your decision. These regulations are briefly
discussed in the following text.
'2.1 CLEAN AIR ACT
The Clean Air Act (Act) mandates the protection and enhancement of the quality of the
Nation's air resources so as to promote the public health and welfare and the productive
capacity of the nation's population. One of the primary goals of the Act is to encourage
pollution prevention. Note that the Significant New Alternatives Policy Program -
'Title VI, New Source Performance Standards, National Emission Standards for
% Hazardous Air Pollutants, Prevention of Significant Deterioration, State Implementation
* Plans, Acid Deposition Control, and the Halogenated Solvent Cleaning NESHAP are all
mandated under the Act.
2.1.1 New Source Performance Standards and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
New source performance standards (NSPS) are standards developed to control emissions
of criteria or designated pollutants. Emissions are controlled by source category.
Standards apply to new, constructed, and modified sources for criteria and designated
pollutants; and existing sources for designated pollutants. Criteria pollutants include
nitrogen oxides (NOx), small Paniculate Matter (PM 10), and volatile organic
compounds (VOC). A number of VOC are cleaning solvents (e.g., glycol ethers,
Stoddard solvent, xylene). You need to evaluate alternatives to determine whether their
use would trigger the applicability of an NSPS. If an NSPS is triggered by any of your
chosen alternatives, you need to consider the applicable NSPS requirements. An NSPS
for new, modified, and reconstructed cold cleaning machines was proposed on
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Part Three
Table 3-1
Statute/Regulation Citations
Statute/Regulation
New Source Performance Standard (NSPS)
National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAP)
New Source Review (NSR)
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone
• Montreal Protocol
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone
• Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)
Acid Deposition Control (Acid Rain Program)
Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)
Clean Water Act (CWA)
Occupational Safety and Health Act Standards
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Citation*
40 CFR Part 60
40 CFR Parts 61 and 63
40 CFR Parts 51 and 52
40 CFR Parts 9 and 82
40 CFR Parts 4 and 82
40 CFR Part 72
16 U.S.C 13101-13109
40 CFR Parts 108 to 503
29 CFR Part 1910
40 CFR Parts 260 - 280
a Citations tor CFR arc as follows : (Title Number) CFR (Part Number).
Citations for U.S.C are as follows: (Title Number) U.S.C. (Section Number).
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations; published by the Office of the Federal Register. For
sale by the U. S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail
Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
U.S.C= United States Code; law statutes through Acts of Congress.
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Part Three
September 9, 1994. The proposed NSPS for cold cleaning operations consists of a
combination of equipment and work practice standards to limit the emissions of
nonhalogenated VOC. The proposed equipment standards include covers, raised
freeboards, solvent pump pressure design limits, and labels specifying work practices.
The proposed work practices are required to assure the maximum effectiveness of a
specific piece of control equipment, and will further reduce nonhalogenated VOC
emissions. Promulgation of this NSPS is expected to be in September of 1995.
National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) are standards
developed to control emissions of Section 112(b)(l) listed hazardous air pollutants
(HAP). Emission standards are currently developed or scheduled to be developed for
174 categories of sources that emit HAP. This list can be amended and revised.
Standards apply to new, reconstructed, modified, and existing sources. The halogenated
solvent cleaner NESHAP is one of these NESHAP. If subject to the Aerospace
Manufacturing and Rework Industry NESHAP, for example, your choice in alternatives
may be influenced. A brief description of the proposed Aerospace Manufacturing and
Rework Industry NESHAP follows:
• The proposed NESHAP for the Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework
Industry affects processes within an aerospace manufacturing and rework
facility 'Hat release air toxics and VOC; these processes include cleaning
operation, primer operations, topcoat operations, depainting operations,
and chemical milling maskant operations. All aerospace manufacturing
and rework facilities classified as a major source would be required to
meet control requirements. Under the proposed rule, flush cleaning
operations would require the use of one of the cleaning agents included on
a list of approved solvents identified in the proposed rule or meet a
specified vapor pressure limit.
Note that it is recommended that both NSPS and NESHAP be considered prior to
making an alternative cleaning solvent determination. See Table 3-1 for citations for
these rulemakings.
2.1.2 New Source Review (Including Prevention of Significant
Deterloration-PSPystate Implementation Plans
The New Source Review (NSR) program requires control of new and modified major
sources of criteria, and regulated pollutants in attainment and nonattainment areas.
Control requirements are determined on a case-by-case determination. Evaluation as to
whether a potential alternative would trigger NSR needs to be considered when choosing
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your alternatives. However, since the amount of VOC (the most likely pollutant to be
emitted) increase that would trigger NSR is large (i.e., 40 tons) and only applies to major
sources, it is very unlikely that NSR would be triggered.
2.1.3 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone (Montreal Protocol)
Several programs, such as Title VI of the Act, are designed to protect the stratospheric
ozone layer. The terms "Montreal Protocol" and "the Protocol" mean the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, a protocol to the Vienna
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. This rule lists a number of
chlorofluorocarbons, a few halons, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and a
number of hydrochlorofiuorocarbons for production and consumption phase-out. Under
the Montreal Protocol, regulations on the national recycling and emission reduction of
these substances have also been drafted. Some facilities have successfully reduced many
or eliminated 1,1,1-trichloroethane and chlorofluorocarbon 112 through the EPA's
voluntary 33/50 program. Note that the list of targeted substances should be evaluated
to determine whether any of your considered alternatives are on the list. See Table 3-1
for the citation for this rule,
2.1.4 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone (Significant New Alternatives
Policy fSNAPD
The Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program is directed toward fulfilling the
general policy contained in section 612 of identifying substitutes that can serve as
replacements for ozone depleting substances, evaluating their effects on human health
and the environment, and encouraging the use of those substitutes believed to present
lower overall risks relative both to the ozone depleting compounds being replaced and to
other substitutes available for the same end-use.
In the U.S., the two ozone depleting substances used as industrial solvents are CFC-113
(trifluorotrichloroethane) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform). The SNAP
substitutes for these two chemicals when used in industrial cleaning equipment are the
focus of alternative determinations for the solvent cleaning sector because this
application comprises the largest use of ozone-depleting solvents. A list of the Agency's
determinations on substitutes in the cleaning sector is available and may be found in the
Federal Register.
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Guidance Document/ate.UK
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For details of the SNAP program, refer to the rule (see Table 3-1 for the SNAP
citation). For further information, contact the Stratospheric Ozone Information Hotline
at 1-800-296-1996, or contact Sally Rand at (202) 233-9739, Substitutes Analysis and
Review Branch, Stratospheric Protection Division, Office of Atmospheric Programs,
Office of Air and Radiation.
2.2 POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT OF 1990
The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990 recognizes the acknowledged preference
that pollution be prevented or reduced at the source whenever feasible; and that when
pollution cannot be prevented or recycled it should be treated in an environmentally safe
manner. Under the PPA, disposal or other release into the environment should be
employed only as a last resort and should be conducted in an environmentally safe way.
Therefore, it is important that you evaluate whether a substitute prevents or reduces
pollution when making a decision on an alternative. See Table 3-1 for the citation for
this rule.
2.3 CLEAN WATER ACT
The Clean Water Act (CWA) mandates the restoration and maintenance of the
chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. The CWA has
< mandated programs for preventing, reducing,« r eliminating the pollution of navigable
waters and ground waters and improving the sanitary condition of surface and
> underground waters. Discharges of any sewage, industrial wastes, or substance that may
* adversely affect such waters are regulated. Under the CWA, both conventional
(e.g., biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, acidity and alkalinity) and
nonconventional (e.g., toxicity) characteristics of effluent are regulated. It is important
that you evaluate the characteristics of your alternatives carefully to ensure that direct
discharges or discharges to a publicly owned treatment works are not subject to effluent
limits or pretreatment requirements. See Table 3-1 for a reference to provisions under
this Act.
2.4 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) mandates safe and healthful working
conditions for every working man and woman in the Nation, thereby preserving human
resources. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, permissible exposure and
explosion limits for a number of chemical compounds are required to be followed in the
work place. Contact, handling, and respiratory protective gear may also be required.
When evaluating alternatives, ensure that your alternatives meet the appropriate
explosion and exposure limits and that workers are properly protected to ensure worker
Guidance Documet.:/als.ll8
3-7
-------
Part Three
safety. In choosing among your alternatives, you may decide that the safety risk
associated with some of the compounds regulated under OSHA outweighs the cleaning
benefits. See Table 3-1 for the citation to the provisions under this Act.
2.5 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) mandates that the generation of
hazardous waste be reduced or eliminated wherever possible. Waste that is generated
must be treated, stored, or disposed of in such a way as to minimize the present and
future threat to human health and the environment. When evaluating alternatives,
ensure that, if your chosen alternative is regulated under RCRA, you must follow all
waste handling and reporting requirements. Note that the burden associated with waste
handling and reporting requirements mandated under RCRA may be an impetus for you
to choose an alternative not regulated under RCRA. See Table 3-1 for a reference to
this rule
2.6 FIRE CODES/INSURANCE ISSUES
Another consideration when evaluating your alternatives is whether your choice of
alternatives will affect or trigger fire code regulations. You may also need to reevaluate
your insurance based on the alternative you choose. For example, if your alternative
choice is highly flammable, special protective measures may be required and you may
need to increase or adjust your fire insurance.
3-8 Guidance Document/aU.llS
-------
3.0
Identifying Alternatives
Before looking for alternative cleaning processes, you should have a clear picture of your
current cleaning requirements. The discussion in Section 3.1 will help you to define
these requirements. Identifying alternatives that meet these requirements can be made
easier by utilizing existing guidance materials and information sources discussed in
Section 3.2 and Section 3.3.
3.1 DEFINE YOUR CLEANING REQUIREMENTS
The first step in identifying alternative solvents and/or cleaning processes is to clearly
define your cleaning needs. The following are some questions that you should answer:
® What are you cleaning?
• What size?
• What is the part configuration (e.g., blind holes)'.
<•> Why are you cleaning it?
• What is being removed?
• Is the solvent also drying the part or being used as a defluxing
agent?
@> How clean does it have to be?
• Do you have to meet military specifications?
• Are there other specifications that must be met?
• Can the specifications be changed?
Guidance Document/als.118 3-9
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Part Three
{•> What is the previous/next process?
• Does it really need to be cleaned at this point? In other words, is
the part already clean? Or, are you cleaning the part before a
process step where it does not matter whether it is clean or not?
Or, can the process steps be reordered or modified to eliminate
cleaning steps?
• Is there a process time restriction?
• Does the cleaning need to be in-line or batch?
• Are parts cleaned on a regular basis or infrequently?
Some companies have found it useful to put this information into a table or a matrix.
This way they have a brief summary of their current cleaning needs that they can refer to
quickly when evaluating alternatives. Table 3-2 is an example of a table that can be used
to summarize your cleaning requirements. A blank cleaning requirement form is
included in Appendix H. This form is not required, but has been created for your
convenience.
Once you have identified your cleaning needs the next step is to identify alternatives that
fit those needs. It should be noted that many of the companies that have substituted
alternatives for their cleaning solvents or processes have found that there are generally
no universal answers or one-for-one replacements. In other words, if you have five
different cleaning machines that use TCA to clean several different types of parts, you
may not find one alternative that is suitable for cleaning all of them. It may take a
combination of several different technologies to fulfill your cleaning requirements.
3.2 IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVES USING SAGE
One possible way to identify alternatives that meet your cleaning needs is to use the
Solvent Alternatives GuidE (SAGE). The SAGE is an interactive database developed
by the EPA that can provide you a list of candidate replacements for your current
solvent The output of SAGE is a scored list of possible replacements, which is
generated based on information you provide at the various menu prompts. The criteria
used by SAGE to identify alternatives are based on cleaning requirements and do not
address adverse health effects. It is suggested that once you have identified an
alternative solvent that meets your cleaning needs that you investigate whether it has any
adverse health effects.
3-10
Guidance Document/als.118
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Part Three
Table 3-2
Example Cleaning Requirements Table
Requirement/Description
Part
Name
Type
Size
Material
Volume
Shape (blind holes?)
Coating
Cleaned Regularly or Infrequently
Used in a Clean Room
Need to be Dry
High Dollar Value
Ultrasonics Harmful
Sensitive to High
Atmospheric Pressure
Sensitive to High Temperature
Fill in For Each
Part/Cleaning Process
Engine Can
Assembly
One foot long
Nickel
0.5 cubic foot
Blind holes and seams
No
Regularly
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Contaminant
Type
Water Soluble
Metal fines, oils
No
Guidance Document/als.118
3-11
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Part Three
Table 3-2 (Continued)
Requirement/Description
Current Cleaning Process
Chemistry
Equipment
Water Supply
Cleanliness Specification
Cleaning Time Restriction
Following/Previous Process
Production Rate/Batch vs. In-line
Fill in For Each
Part/Cleaning Process
Methyl chloroform
Vapor degreaser
Tap
Yes, client specified. Non-military
Yes. In-line process.
Shipping/Final sanding
High Volume/In-line
3-12
Guidance Document/als.118
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Part Three
The SAGE system can be accessed by modem from the EPA's Technology Transfer
Network (TTN) by dialing (919) 541-5742 for a 1200, 2400, 9600 or 14400 bps modem.
From the main menu in the TTN select the CTC section. Assistance for the TTN can be
obtained by calling (919) 541-5384. In addition, SAGE can be purchased from the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling (703) 487-4650. A users
manual for SAGE is provided in Appendix H. The following is a brief summary of some
of SAGE's capabilities.
When using SAGE you are prompted, through a series of questions, to describe your
current solvent application. The questions include subjects such as the material the part
is made of; it's size, shape, and complexity; the contaminant types; the chemistry
(solvent) presently used; sturdiness of the part; etc.
After input of the data, SAGE analyzes the application and scores each combination of
chemistries and cleaning processes for that specific application. Table 3-3 contains a list
of the chemistries and cleaning processes in the SAGE libraries. The alternatives are
ranked based on an applicability score, ranging from 0 (poor or no match) to 100 (best
match).
You can then design the type of report that you desire. Per your instructions, a detailed
report of the technologies and chemistries recommended by SAGE will be printed. You
can select the best matches for your application (i.e., those that exhibit an applicability
score in the range of 75 to 100) or you can select a broader list that includes descriptions
of those technologies that appear less likely to match the application (i.e., those with
scores of 74 or less). A vendor list can also be printed.
Within the individual reports are comments about the following considerations you must
evaluate to ascertain whether a technology is a likely match for your application:
• General process-related information
• Environmental issues,
• Safety issues, and
• Economics
The individual reports also contain useful case studies.
Guidance Docuroent/als.118 3-13
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Part Three
Table 3-3
Alternative Cleaning Chemistries Described in the SAGE Program
Chemistries in SAGE
Acetone
Acidic aqueous chemistries
Alcohol
Alkaline aqueous chemistries
Aqueous chemistry additives (surfactants,
builders, etc.)
Dibasic ethers (DBE)
Glycol ethers
Ethyl lactate (lactate esters)
Neutral aqueous chemistries
N-methyl pyrolidone (NMP)
Petroleum distillates
Pure water
Terpenes
Cleaning Processes In SAGE
Abrasives
Brushing
Carbon dioxide pellets
Carbon dioxide snow
Fiberglass mold cleaning
High pressure sprays
Immersion cleaning
Laser ablation
Low pressure sprays
Megasonics
No clean options
Paint stripping
PCBA (printed circuit board) cleaning
Plasma cleaning
Power washers
Semiaqueous processes
Steam
Supercritical fluids
Ultrasonics
UV/Ozone cleaning
Wiping
Xenon flash lamps
3-14
Guidance Document/aU.llS
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Part Three
the chemistries and processes. Appendix H also contains an example of one of the
detailed summaries (i.e., for high pressure spray).
3.3 OTHER METHODS OF IDENTIFYING ALTERNATIVES
Other methods of identifying alternative cleaning solvents and processes include vendors
and other users.
Vendors are often an excellent source of information on alternatives. Information from
vendors is generally restricted to their products and therefore will tend not to be as
broad as SAGE. However, many vendors do extensive testing of their solvents and
cleaning processes on a variety of applications, and usually will do trial cleaning of your
part for free. The EPA maintains a list of solvent vendors that can be obtained by
calling the U.S. EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Information Hotline at (800) 296-1996.
Often times there are other companies out there that have or are going through a similar
alternative evaluation process. Many companies are more than happy to share their
successes.
The following two U.S. EPA publications may provide valuable information that can be
used when identifying your alternatives:
• Guide to Cleaner Technologies: Alternatives to Chlorinated Solvents for
Cleaning and Degreasing; and
• Guide to Cleaner Technologies: Cleaning and Degreasing Process
Changes.
Guidance Document/als.118 3-15
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4.0
Choosing Between
Alternatives
The process of deciding which of the identified alternatives will be used is a highly
variable and generally user-specific process. However, there are some factors that should
be considered that are common to most situations. Below is a list of these factors, some
of which have already been discussed.
Regulations -
Training
Maintenance -
Production Rate -
Odor
Compatibility -
Safety -
Cost -
Look at Section 2.0 of this part and determine whether the
alternative is covered under one of these regulations. This should
include a consideration of the water impacts.
Will the alternative require extensive training of cleaning personnel?
If so, this cost and time should be accounted for in you estimates.
What type of maintenance will the alternative require? Will there
be more or less down time?
How will the alternative affect your production rate? Decreased
productivity should be included in your cost estimates.
Does the alternative have a strong odor? This might require
additional ventilation or other modifications.
Is the new solvent or process compatible with the materials you are
cleaning? For example, aqueous solvents may cause rust damage on
your parts or a high pressure spray may damage delicate parts.
Is the new system safe to operate? Consider flammability, odors,
harmful fumes, physical dangers, etc. Don't trade one hazard for
another.
As mentioned above many factors play a role in the overall cost of
an alternative. Many companies have found that switching to
alternatives can result in a cost savings over a number of years.
3-16
Guidance Uocumcnl/als.118
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Part Three
Recoverability - Can the solvent/cleaning media be recovered and reused or
recycled?
Proven in Industry - Is the technology only a prototype or has it been proven in
industry for similar applications? If so, contact other users.
As mentioned previously, some vendors will test clean your parts so you can evaluate the
cleaning efficiency of their cleaning chemistry or process. Some corporations have
conducted their own lab tests and shop tests to evaluate the potential alternatives that
they have identified. Some companies have found it useful to create a matrix or table
summarizing the pros and cons of each potential alternative. If staff is available, it might
be beneficial to form a multi-disciplinary team to address requirements for alternative
cleaners, to oversee the field evaluations, and to document that the process or chemistry
changes are implemented. Many corporations have indicated that satisfactory substitutes
are known for almost all cleaning requirements.
Guidance Document/als.118 3-17
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Glossary
Air blanket means the layer of air inside the solvent cleaning machine freeboard located
above the solvent-air interface. The center of the air blanket is equidistant between the
sides of the cleaning machine.
Area source, as defined in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A, means any stationary source of
hazardous air pollutants that is not a major source as defined here (see major source
definition).
Automated parts handling system means a mechanical device that carries all parts
and parts baskets at a controlled speed from the initial loading of soiled parts through
the removal of the cleaned parts. Automated parts handling systems include, but are not
limited to, hoists and conveyors. See part Two, Section 2.1.1, for an illustration of an
automated parts handling system.
Carbon Adsorber means a bed of activated carbon into which an air-solvent gas-vapor
, stream is routed and that adsorbs the solvent on the carbon.
Clean liquid solvent means fresh unused solvent, recycled solvent, or used solvent that
has been cleaned of soils (e.g., skimmed of oils or sludge and strained of metal chips). It
was not intended that you should dispose of usable solvent. It was intended that all
metal and dirt soils be removed from th : machine so that solvent emissions are not
underestimated.
* Construction means the on-site fabrication, erection, or installation of an affected
source.
Cover means a lid, top, or portal cover that shields the solvent cleaning machine
openings from air disturbances when it is in place and is designed to be easily opened
and closed without disturbing the vapor zone. Air disturbances include, but are not
limited to, lip exhausts, ventilation fans, and general room drafts. Types of covers
include, but are not limited to, sliding, biparting, and roll-top covers.
Downtime mode means the time period when a solvent cleaning machine is not
cleaning parts and the sump heating coils, if present, are turned off.
Dwell means the technique of holding parts within the freeboard area but above the
vapor zone of the solvent cleaning machine. Dwell occurs after cleaning to allow solvent
to drain from the parts or parts baskets back into the solvent cleaning machine.
Guidance Document/als.118 GloSSary-1
-------
Glossary (Continued)
Existing cleaning machine means a cleaning machine constructed or reconstructed on
or before November 29, 1993.
Freeboard height means; for a batch vapor cleaning machine, the distance from the
solvent-air interface, as measured during the idling mode, to the top of the cleaning
machine; For an in-line cleaning machine, it is the distance from the solvent-air interface
to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening, whichever is lower as measured during the
idling mode. The freeboard height for a batch cold cleaning machine is the distance
from the solvent fill line (the lie that the sump is filled to) to the lip of the cleaning
machine.
Freeboard ratio means the ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to
the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning
machine. For example, if the height of the freeboard is 2 meters and the smaller interior
dimension is 1.8 meters, the freeboard ratio would be 2 meters/1.8 meters or 0.9.
Freeboard refrigeration device (also called a chiller) means a set of secondary coils
mounted in the freeboard area that carries a refrigerant or other chilled substance to
provide a chilled air blanket above the solvent vapor.
Freeboard zone, for a batch vapor cleaning machine, means the area from the solvent-
air interface, as measured during the idling mode, to the top of the cleaning machine; for
an in-line cleaning machine, it is the area within the solvent cleaning machine that
extends from the solvent-air interface to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening,
whichever is lower. The freeboard zone for a batch cold cleaning machine is the area
from the solvent fill line (the line that the sump is filled to) to the lip of the cleaning
machine.
Hoist means a mechanical device that carries the parts and parts baskets from the
loading area into the solvent cleaning machine and to the unloading area at a controlled
speed. A hoist may be operated by controls or may be programmed to cycle parts
through the cleaning cycle automatically.
idling mode means the time penod when a solvent cleaning machine is turned on but is
not actively cleaning parts.
Idling-mode cover means any cover or solvent cleaning machine design that allows the
cover to shield the cleaning machine openings during the idling mode. A cover that
meets this definition can also be used as a working-mode cover if that definition is also
met.
GloSSary-2 Guidance Document/tU.118
-------
Glossary (Continued)
Lip exhaust means a device installed at the top of the opening of a solvent cleaning
machine that draws in air and solvent vapor emissions from the freeboard area and ducts
the air and vapor away from the solvent cleaning area.
Maior source, as defined in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A, means any stationary source or
group of stationary sources located within a contiguous area and under common control
that emits or has the potential to emit considering controls, in the aggregate, 10 tons per
year or more of any hazardous air pollutant or 25 tons per year or more of any
combination of hazardous air pollutants, unless the authority (e.g., approved Title V
permitting authority) establishes a lesser quantity, or in the case of radionuclides,
different criteria from those specified in this sentence.
New cleaning machine means a solvent cleaning machine the construction or
reconstruction of which is commenced after November 29, 1993.
Potential to emit as defined in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A, means the maximum
capacity of a stationary source to emit a pollutant under its physical and operational
design. Any physical or operational limitation on the capacity of the stationary source to
emit a pollutant, including air pollution equipment and restrictions on hours of operation
or on the type or amount of material combusted, stored, or processed, shall be treated as
part of its design if the limitation or the effect it would have on emissions is federally
enforceable.
For solvent cleaning machines, potential to emit is determined on the basis of the
yearly hours of operation, the working-mode uncontrolled emission rate, and the
solvent/air interface area. Unless otherwise restricted by a federally enforceable
requirement, the hours of operation must be based on the total number of hours in a
year (8,760 hours). A facility's total potential to emit is the sum of the HAP emissions
from all solvent cleaning operations, plus all HAP emissions from other sources within
the facility.
Primary cleaning time means the amount of time it takes a part to reach the vapor
zone temperature.
Primary condenser means a series of circumferential cooling coils on a vapor cleaning
machine through which chilled liquid or gas is circulated or recirculated to provide
continuous condensation of rising solvent vapors and, thereby, create a controlled vapor
zone.
Guidance Document/.ls.118 GlOSSaTV-3
-------
Glossary (Continued)
Reconstruction, as defined in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A, means the replacement of
components of an affected or a previously unaffected stationary source to such an extent
that:
(1) The fixed capital cost of the new components exceeds 50 percent of the fixed
capital cost that would be required to construct a comparable new source; and
(2) It is technologically and economically feasible for the reconstructed source to
meet the relevant standard(s) established by the Administrator (or a State) pursuant to
Section 112 of the Act. Upon reconstruction, an affected source, or a stationary source
that becomes an affected source, is subject to relevant standards for new sources,
including compliance dates, irrespective of any change in emissions of hazardous air
pollutants from that source.
Reduced room draft means decreasing the flow or movement of air across the top of
the freeboard area of the solvent cleaning machine to less than or equal to 15.2 meters
per minute (50 feet per minute). Methods of achieving a reduced room draft include,
but are not limited to, redirecting fans and/or air vents so that they do not blow across
the cleaning machine, moving the cleaning machine to a corner where there is less room
draft, and constructing a partial or complete enclosure around the cleaning machine.
Solvent HI! line means the line, typically on the interior of a solvent cleaning machine
sump, that indicates the level to which the cleaning machine should be filled with
solvent
Solvent-air Interface, means; for a vapor cleaning machine, the location of contact
between the concentrated solvent vapor layer and the air. This location of contact is
defined as the midline height of the primary condenser coils; for a cold cleaning
machine, it is the location of contact between the liquid solvent and the air.
Solvent-air interface area for a vapor cleaning machine, means the surface area of the
solvent vapor zone that is exposed to the air. For an in-line cleaning machine, it is the
total surface area of all the sumps; for a cold cleaning machine, it is the surface area of
the liquid solvent that is exposed to the air.
Solvent vaoor zone, for a vapor cleaning machine, means the area that extends from
the liquid solvent surface to the level at which the solvent vapor is condensed. This level
is defined as the midline height of the primary condenser coils.
Sump means the part of a solvent cleaning machine where the liquid solvent is located.
GIOSS ary-4 Guidance Document/mls.118
-------
Glossary (Continued)
Super-heated vapor system means a system that heats the solvent vapor, either
passively or actively, to at least 10 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) above the
solvent's boiling point. Parts are held in the super-heated vapor before exiting the
machine to evaporate the liquid solvent on them. Hot vapor recycle is an example of a
Super-heated vapor system.
Water cover, for a cold cleaning machine, means a layer of water that floats above
denser solvent and provides control of solvent emissions. If the solvent used is not
denser than water, a water layer (water cover) will not float above your cleaning solvent
and control solvent emissions. In many cases the solvent used in batch cold cleaning
machines is sold containing the appropriate amount of water to create a water cover.
Working-mode means the time period when the solvent cleaning machine is actively
cleaning parts.
Working-mode cover means any cover or solvent cleaning machine design that allows
'the cover to shield the cleaning machine openings from outside air disturbances during
the working mode (i.e., while parts are in the cleaning machine) and during the idling
and downtime modes. A working-mode cover is opened only during parts entry and
removal. A cover that meets this definition can also be used as an idling-mode cover if
that definition is also met.
Guidance Document/als.118 GlOSSaiy-5
-------
Conversion Chart
Multiply
Centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Feet per minute
Feet per minute
Gallons
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms per cubic meter
Kilograms per cubic meter
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters per minute
Meters per minute
By
0.3937
3.531 x lO'5
6.10 x lO'2
10-6
0.02832
5.787 x 10"*
16.39
106
35.31
61,023
7.646 x 10s
27
0.7646
0.01829
0.3048
0.1337
2.2046
1.102 x 10'3
0.06243
3.61 x lO'5
100
3.2808
39.37
1.667
3.281
To Obtain
Inches
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic feet
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
Kilometers per hour
Meters per minute
Cubic feet
Pounds
Tons (short)
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per cubic inch
Centimeters
Feet
Inches
Centimeters per second
Feet per minute
GuiUnce Document/als.118
Conversion-1
-------
Conversion Chart (Continued)
Multiply
Meters per minute
Meters per second
Meters per second
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds pei foot
Pounds per inch
Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square inch
Pounds per square inch
Square feet
Square feet
Square inches
Square inches
Square meters
Square yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
By
0.05468
1968
3.284
453.6
16
0.4536
0.01602
16.02
5.787 x 10^
1728
1.488
178.6
4.882
6.944 x 10'3
703.1
144
144
0.09290
6.452
6.944 x 10'3
10.764
0.8361
91.44
3
36
0.9144
To Obtain
Feet per second
Feet per minute
Feet per second
Grams
Ounces
Kilograms
Grams per cubic centimeter
Kilograms per cubic meter
Pounds per cubic foot
Pounds per cubic foot
Kilograms per meter
Grams per centimeter
Kilograms per square meter
Pounds per square inch
Kilograms per square
Pounds per square foot
Square inches
Square meters
Square centimeters
Square feet
Square feet
Square meters
Centimeters
Feet
Inches
Meters
Conversion-2
Guidance Document/als.118
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APPENDIX A
APPENDIX A
PERCENT BY WEIGHT
SOLVENT DETERMINATION
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX A
If you own a solvent cleaning machine in which you use less than 5 percent by weight of
carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
trichloroethylene, or methylene chloride, you need to keep records of that determination
on-site (e.g., Material Safety Data Sheets [MSDSs], EPA Test Method 18 results, and/or
calculations). Solvent MSDS's are typically available from your solvent supplier.
Stoddard solvents/naphthas generally contain less than 5 percent by weight halogenated
solvent and will not typically be subject to this rule. The MSDSs for these solvents
should provide sufficient documentation of solvent content.
If you create your own solvent blend, for which the listed solvents are a part, but
comprise less than 5 percent by weight of the solvent, you need to show through
calculations or MSDSs the weight percent that the listed solvents make up. This is
required to demonstrate that the rule does not apply to you. One way you can do this is
to do the following calculation:
Step 1: I Gather the following information for each blend you make.
S% = The weight percent of the listed solvents for each solvent
added to your blend (in decimal form);
TW = The total weight of each solvent added to your blend; and
M = total solvent mass.
Multiply the TW by the S% for each of your solvents. The result of this
calculation equals WS, the weight of the listed solvents added to the blend
for each of the solvents. For clarification see the example calculation that
follows,
WS = S% * TW
Add the WS for each of the solvents added to your blend. The result of
the calculation in Step 3 is TB, the total weight of the listed solvents in
your blend (TB).
TB = WS: + WS2 + WS3
Guidance Document/als 118
-------
APPENDIX A
Step 4:
1
Divide TB by M. Then multiply by 100. The result of this calculation is
the total weight percent (TW%) of the listed solvents in your solvent
blend.
TW% = TB + M
The other method you can use to determine the weight percent contained in your solvent
is by using EPA test method number 18. This test method should be performed by a
person qualified in the operation of a flame ionization detector.
j
Example Calculation
Step 1: Solvent Mixture X
Solvent Mixture
Component
1 - PCE
2 «= MC
3 = TCE
Total Weight of Solvent Mixture
(M)
TW
Total Weight of
Component
20e
3Cte
lOe
60g
s%
% of Listed Solvent
0.3
0
1.0
Step 2:
«
<
;
1
1
TW
20e x
30e x
10e x
S%
0.3
0 *
1.0
WS
: 6g
0
lOg
TB = 16e
Jtep 3:
WSj-J- WS2+ WS3=TB
6g + Og + lOg = 16g
Jept 4:
(TB + M)xlOO = TW%
(16g + 60g) x 100 = 27%
Solvent mixture X contains 27 percent by weight of the listed solvents. Solvent mixture X is
therefore considered to be a halogenated solvent and solvent cleaning machines using solvent
mixture X are subject to this rule.
Guidance Document/als. 118
A-3
-------
APPENDIX A
Page A-5 of this Appendix provides a blank calculation sheet for your convenience. This
blank calculation sheet is not required; any calculation sheet recordkeeping format
incorporating the required documentation would be acceptable.
A-4 Guidance Documem/als.l 18
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CONTENT RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaner Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapor
Step 1: Solvent Mixture
Batch Cold
In-line
Solvent Mixture
Component
1
2
3
4
4
6
Total Weight of Solvent
Mixture (M)
TW
Total Weight of
Component
S%
% of Listed Solvent
Step 2:
TW
X
X
X
X
X
X
S%
=
=
=
sr
=
=
WS
Guidance Document/als. 118
A-5
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CONTENT RECORDKEEPING FORM
(Continued)
Step 3:
WS, f WS2 + WS3 + WS4 + WSS + WS6 = TB
Step 4:
(TB + M) x 100 = TW%
Guidance Documenv'ats.118
-------
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX B
CLEANING CAPACITY AND
CLEANING CAPACITY LIMIT
DETERMINATION
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX B
If your machine does not have a solvent-air interface area, you need to determine the
cleaning capacity (cubic meters [cubic feet]) to determine the appropriate overall
emissions limit that would apply to you. This option is available only to machines that
do not have solvent air interface. A machine's cleaning capacity can be determined in
any of the following ways:
© Check the literature that was provided with your machine at the time of purchase
to see if it includes a measurement of the cleaning capacity for your cleaning
machine;
E
IT
oty-IWxi.xD
B-2
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX B
© Ask the manufacturer of your machine for the cleaning capacity;
,© Determine the cleaning capacity of your machine from the following information:
• The internal width (IW) (in meters [or in feet]) of the cleaner tank,
• The internal length (IL) (in meters [or in feet]) of the cleaner tank, and
• The depth (D) (in meters [or in feet]) of the cleaner tank.
The cleaning capacity is obtained by multiplying the above numbers together (i.e.,
CAPACITY = IW * IL * D). The values could be determined from literature received
with your machine or provided by the machine manufacturer or by measuring the
machine yourself. Emission limits for machines that do not have a solvent-air interface
area are presented in Table B-l.
Guidance Document/als. 118 B-3
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-1
EMISSION LIMITS FOR CLEANING MACHINES WITHOUT A SOLVENT-AIR INTERFACE
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
•mission limit
(kilograms/
month1*)
0
55
83
106
126
144
160
176
190
204
218
231
243
255
266
278
289
299
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
•mission
limit
(kilograms/
monttr)
310
320
330
340
349
359
368
377
386
395
404
412
421
429
438
446
454
462
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
3-Month
rolling average
monthly
•mission limit
(kilograms/
month6)
470
477
485
493
500
508
515
522
530
537
544
551
558
565
572
579
585
592
B-4
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIXB
TABLE B-1 (CONTINUED)
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.85
2.90
2.95
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission limit
(kilograms/
monthb)
599
605
612
619
625
632
638
644
651
657
663
669
675
682
688
694
700
706
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
3.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission
limit
(kilograms/
month1*)
712
718
723
729
735
741
747
752
758
764
769
775
781
786
792
797
803
808
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.65
4.70
4.75
4.80
4.85
4.90
4.95
5.00
5.05
5.10
5.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
3-Month
rolling average
monthly
emission limit
(kilograms/
month1*)
814
819
824
830
835
840
846
851
856
862
867
872
877
882
887
893
898
903
Guidance Document/als. 118
B-5
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-1 (CONTINUED)
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
5.60
5.65
5.70
5.75
5.80
5.85
5.90
5.95
6.00
6.05
6.10
6.15
6.20
6.25
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission limit
(kilograms/
monthb)
908
913
918
923
928
933
938
943
947
952
957
962
967
972
977
981
986
991
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters")
6.30
6.35
6.40
6.45
6.50
6.55
6.60
6.65
6.70
6.75
6.80
6.85
6.90
6.95
7.00
7.05
7.10
7.15
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission
limit
(kilograms/
month1*)
996
1000
1005
1010
1015
1019
1024
1029
1033
1038
1042
1047
1052
1056
1061
1065
1070
1074
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters*)
7.20
7.25
7.30
7.35
7.40
7.45
7.50
7.55
7.60
7.65
7.70
7.75
7.80
7.85
7.90
7.95
8.00
8.05
3-Month
rolling average
monthly
•mission limit
(kilograms/
month**)
1079
1083
1088
1092
1097
1101
1105
1110
1114
1119
1123
1127
1132
1136
1140
1145
1149
1153
B-6
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-1 (CONTINUED)
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
8.10
8.15
8.20
8.25
8.30
8.35
8.40
8.45
8.50
8.55
8.60
8.65
8.70
8.75
8.80
8.85
8.90
8.95
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission limit
(kilograms/
month0)
1158
1162
1166
1171
1175
1179
1183
1187
1192
11%
1200
1204
1208
1213
1217
1221
1225
1229
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
9.00
9.05
9.10
9.15
9.20
9.25
9.30
9.35
9.40
9.45
9.50
9.55
9.60
9.65
9.70
9.75
9.80
9.85
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission
limit
(kilograms/
month1*)
1233
1237
1241
1246
1250
1254
1258
1262
1266
1270
1274
1278
1282
1286
1290
1294
1298
1302
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
9.90
9.95
10.00
10.05
10.10
10.15
10?0
10.25
10.30
10.35
10.40
10.45
10.50
10.55
10.60
10.65
10.70
10.75
3-Month
rolling average
monthly
emission limit
(kilograms/
month")
1306
1310
1314
1318
1322
1326
1329
1333
1337
1341
1345
1349
1353
1357
1360
1364
1368
1372
Guidance Document/als. 118
B-7
-------
APPENDIX B
TABLE B-1 (CONTINUED)
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
10.80
10.85
10.90
10.95
11.00
11.05
11.10
11.15
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission limit
(kilograms/
montrr)
1376
1380
1383
1387
1391
1395
1399
1402
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters8)
11.20
11.25
11.30
11.35
11.40
11.45
11.50
11.55
3-Month
rolling
average
monthly
emission
limn
(kilograms/
month1*)
1406
1410
1414
1417
1421
1425
1429
1432
Cleaning
capacity
(cubic
meters*)
11.60
11.65
11.70
11.75
11.80
11.85
11.90
11.95
3-Month
rolling average
monthly
emission Hmit
(kilograms/
month1*)
1436
1440
1444
1447
1451
1455
1458
1562
8 Divide cubic feet by 35.31 to obtain the cleaning capacity in cubic meters.
b Multiply kilograms/month by 2.2046 to obtain the 3-month rolling average monthly
emission limit in pounds/month.
Note: If the cleaning capacity for your machine falls between those presented in Table
B-1, the limit for your machine is the lower emissions limit.
An example recordkeeping form is included for your convenience. This form is not
required; any report format incorporating the required information would be acceptable.
B-8
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
CLEANING CAPACITY DETERMINATION
RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaner
Identification
Number
IW
(1)
IL
(2)
D
(3)
Capacity*
(1) x (2) x (3)
IW = Internal width of cleaner tank (in meters [or in feet]).
IL = Internal length of cleaner tank (in meters[or in feet[).
D = Depth of cleaner tank (in meters [or in feet]).
•Note: The units of measure for (1), (2), and (3) need to be consistent with one
another (i.e., all in meters or all in feet) in order to determine the cleaning
capacity of your machine.
Guidance Document/als. 118
B-9
-------
APPENDIX B
If your machine has a cleaning capacity greater than 11.95 cubic meters (421.95 cubic
feet), >ou will need to calculate your emission limit. The steps necessary to calculate
your emission limit and an example calculation follows. Note that this calculation
requires the use of metric units specified in each of the steps. Multiply cubic feet by
0.02832 to obtain cubic meters and kilograms by 0.4536 to obtain pounds.
Stepi:! Gather the following information for each cleaning machine.
VOL - The cleaning capacity of the cleaning machine (cubic
meters).
Multiply the VOL of your cleaning machine(s) raised to the 0.6 power by
330, this is the EL (the three-month rolling average monthly emission limit
for your cleaning machine in kilograms per month)
(VOL)6 x 330 = EL (kilograms per month).
Examples:
If your machine has a 1.00 cubic meter cleaning capacity, you would carry out the
following calculation:
LOO6 x 330 =
1.00 x 330 = 330 kilograms per month
If your machine has a 2.00 cubic meter cleaning capacity, you would carry out the
following calculation:
2.006 x 330 =
1.52 x 330 = 500 kilograms per month
COMPLIANCE DEMONSTRATION
You will need to do the following mathematical calculation for each solvent cleaning
machine you own or operate that does not have a solvent-air interface area.
B-10 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX B
Gather the following information for each machine you own or operate
that does not have a solvent-air interface area.
SA - The amount of halogenated solvent added (kilograms of
solvent added [or pounds of solvent added]) that month.
LSR - The amount of halogenated solvent removed (kilograms of
liquid solvent removed[or pounds of solvent removed]) that month.
SSR - The amount of halogenated solvent removed from the
cleaning machine in solid waste (kilograms of solvent removed
[pounds of solvent removed]) that month.
• This information can be obtained by using the EPA test method
25D-Determination of the Volatile Organic Concentration of Waste
Samples (56 FR 33544). This test method requires the use of a
flame ionization detector (FED) or an electrolytic conductively
detector (ELCD), which should not be attempted by someone
unfamiliar with this equipment.
• From engineering calculations.
Subtract LSR and SSR from SA. Then, from this, divide by 3. The result
is the Ej, the monthly emissions (kilograms of solvent emissions [or
pounds of solvent emissions]) for that month.
An example recordkeeping form that can be used to document this determination is
included for your convenience. This form is not required. Any record format
incorporating the required information would be acceptable.
Guidance Document/als. 118 B-ll
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
MONTHLY EMISSIONS RECORDKEEPING FORM
COMPLIANCE DEMONSTRATION
(For Machines That Do Not Have a Solvent-Air Interface Area)
Cleaning Identification Number:
Month/Year
SA
(1)
LSR
(2)
SSR
(3)
Monthly Emissions
m - [(2} + (3V
3
SA = Amount of halogenated solvent added (kilograms of solvent added [or pounds of
solvent added]) that month.
LSR = Amount of halogenated solvent removed (kilograms of solvent removed [or
pounds of solvent removed]) that month,
SSR = Amount of halogenated solvent removed from the cleaning machine in solid
waste (kilograms of solvent removed [pounds of solvent removed] that month).
B-U
Guidance Documenvals. 118
-------
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX C
RECORDKEEPING FORMS
[NOTE: NONE OF THESE FORMS ARE REQUIRED.
THE USE OF THESE FORMS IS OPTIONAL.]
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Compliance Determination Worksheet C-3
Automated Parts Handling Hoist Speed Recordkeeping Form C-4
Carbon Adsorber Recordkeeping Form C-5
Cover Recordkeeping Form C-6
Dwell Determination Test Recordkeeping Form C-7
Dwell Measurement Test Recordkeeping Form C-8
FRD Recordkeeping Form C-9
Reduced Room Draft Initial Windspeed Test
Recordkeeping Form C-10
Reduced Room Draft Windspeed Measurements
Recordkeeping Form C-ll
SHV Recordkeeping Form C-12
Annual Solvent Consumption Worksheet C-13
Overall Emissions Limit Monthly Emissions Recordkeeping Form C-14
Overai) Emissions Limit 3-Month Rolling Average Monthly Emissions C-15
Guidance Oocument/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
COMPLIANCE DETERMINATION WORKSHEET
Cleaner
Identification
Number
Use
Halogenated
Solvent?*
New or
Existing?
N
E
Pick One
Batch
Cold
Batch
Vapor
In-Line
Solvent
Air
Interface
Area?
Otherb
" Greater than 5 percent.
b Miscellaneous notes, including cleaning capacity if machine is a batch vapor cleaning machine with
no solvent air interface.
Guidance Document/als. 118
C-3
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
AUTOMATED PARTS HANDLING -
HOIST SPEED RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapor In-Line
Maximum Allowable Hoist Speed: 3.4 meters per minute (11 feet per minute)
Date/
Initials"
(1)
Distance Moved
(meters or feet)b
(2)
Time Elapsed
(minutes)
Hoist Speed
(1) * (2)
(meters or feet
per minute)
Distance Description0
(Starting Point/Ending Point)
" Date of inspection and initials of employee conducting inspection.
b Circle appropriate unit.
c e.g., Left Rim/Right Rim
C-4
Guidance Document/als. J18
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
CARBON ADSORBER RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapo
Maximum Allowable Outlet Concentration of
Date/ Outlet Concentration
Initials* (ppm)
r In-Line
the Covered Solvents: 100 ppm
Date/ Outlet Concentration
Initials8 (ppm)
Date of inspection and initials of employee conducting inspection.
Guidance Document/als. 118
C-5
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
COVER RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Cold
Batch Vapor
In-Line
Date/Initials8
Opening & Closing
Properly"
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Completely Covers
Openings1*
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Free of Cracks,
Holes and Other
Defects'5
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
a Date of inspection and initials of employee conducting inspection.
b Circle appropriate answer: Y = Yes, N = No.
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
DWELL DETERMINATION TEST RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Parts Description:
Date/Initials3
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Time for Parts to
Stop Dripping in
Vapor Zone
(seconds)
Individual Dwell
Times (second)
x 0.35 =
x 0.35 =
x 0.35 =
Total
/3 = seconds
= Proper Dwell
Time
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Parts Description:
Date/Initials3
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Time for Parts to
Stop Dripping in
Vapor Zone
(seconds)
Individual Dwell
Times (second)
x 0.35 =
x 0.35 =
x 0.35 =
Total
a Date of test and initials of employee conducting test.
/3 = seconds
= Proper Dwell
Time
Guidance Document/als. 118
C-7
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
DWELL MEASUREMENT TEST RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Parts Description:
Proper Dwell Time:
Date/
Initials3
m:
ime:
Actual Dwell (seconds)
Date/
Initials8
Actual Dwell (seconds')
Date of inspection and initials of employee conducting inspection.
C-8
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
FRD3 RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapor
FRD Temperature Requirement:
Date/
Initialsb
Temperature (°F)
In-Line
Date/
Initials"
Solvent:
Temperature
8 FRD = Freeboard refrigeration device.
b Date of inspection and initials of employee conducting inspection.
Guidance Document/als. 118
C-9
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
REDUCED ROOM DRAFT INITIAL WINDSPEED TEST
RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapor
In-Line
Reduced Room Draft Requirement: Less than or equal to 15.2 meters per minute
(50 feet per minute). Complete A or B, and C.
A. For Controlling Room Parameters:
Corner Q
Corner C^
Corner C3
Corner C4
Average Windspeed
= Ca+C2+C3+C4/4
WINDSPEED (meters or feet per minute)
Test 1
Test 2
Test3
B For An Enclosure:
Maximum enclosure windspeed
(meters or feet per minute).
C. Description of Room Parameters or Enclosure:
C-10
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
REDUCED ROOM DRAFT WINDSPEED MEASUREMENTS
RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapor
In-line
If using room parameters, measure windspeed quarterly and check room parameters weekly.
If using an enclosure, measure windspeed and check enclosure monthly.
Date/
Initials'
Windspeed
(meters or feet per
minute)
Date/
Initials'
Windspeed
(meters or feet per
minute)
a Date of inspection and initials of employee conducting inspection
Guidance Document/als. 118
C-ll
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
SHVa RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Machine Identification Number:
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapor
SHV Temperature Requirement;
Date/
Initials'3
Temperature (°F)
In-Line
Date/
Initials"
Temperature (°F)
a SHV = super-heated vapor.
b Date of inspection and initials of employee conducting inspection.
C-12
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
ANNUAL SOLVENT CONSUMPTION
Year
Cleaner
Identification
Number
Type of Cleaner
Batch
Cold
Batch
Vapor
In-Line
Annual
Solvent
Consumption
(kilograms or
pounds)
Other"
' Miscellaneous notes, including method used to determine annual consumption estimate (e.g., mass
balance) and reference to appropriate calculation sheets (e.g., Attachment 1).
Guidance Document/als. 118
C-13
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
OVERALL EMISSIONS LIMIT
MONTHLY EMISSIONS RECORDKEEPING FORM
(For Machines That Have a Solvent-Air Interface Area)
Cleaner Identification Number:
Month/Year
SA
(1)
LSR
(2)
SSR
(3)
AREA
(4)
Monthly
Emissions
3
SA - Amount of halogenated solvent added (kilograms of solvent added [or pounds
of solvent added]) that month.
LSR = Amount of halogenated solvent removed (kilograms of solvent removed [or
pounds of solvent removed]) that month.
SSR = Amount of halogenated solvent removed from the cleaning machine in solid
waste (kilograms of solvent removed [pounds of solvent removed] that
month).
AREA = Amount of halogenated solvent removed from the machine in solid waste
(kilograms of solvent removed [or pounds of solvent removed]).
C-14
Guidance Documem/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
OVERALL EMISSIONS
3-MONTH ROLLING AVERAGE MONTHLY EMISSIONS
RECORDKEEPING FORM
Cleaning Identification Number
Month/Year
(1)
(2)
(3)
3-Month Rolling Average
Monthly Emissions
(I) + (2) + (3}]
3
Monthly emissions (kilograms per square meter [or pounds per square foot])
for the current month.
Monthly emissions (kilograms per square meter [or pounds per square foot])
from the previous month.
Monthly emissions (kilograms per square meter [or pounds per square foot])
from two months prior.
Guidance Document/als. 118
C-15
-------
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX D
EPA TEST METHOD NUMBER 307
\3uidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX D
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Example Calculation Using EPA Test Method 307 D-3
Idling Emission Limit Initial Test Recordkeeping Form D-8
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX D
The following is an example calculation of idling emissions using EPA Test Method
Number 307:
Date: 11/21/94
Run: 1
Solvent Type: Methylene Chloride
Solvent density, g/m3 (lb/ft3): 1,364,500 g/m3, (or 85.21 lb/ft3)
Length of boiling sump (SB), m (ft): 3m, (10 ft)
Width of boiling sump (WB), m (ft): 2m, (7 ft)
Length of immersion sump (Sj), m (ft): 3m, (10 ft)
Width of immersion sump (W,), m (ft): 2m, (7 ft)
Length of solvent vapor/air interface (Sv), m (ft): 6m, (20 ft)
Width of solvent vapor/air interface (Wv), m (ft): 2m, (7 ft)
Clock Time
6:00 am
10:00 pm
Boiling Sump
Reading (cm)
LBI = 0.3
I* = 0.5
Immersion
Sump Reading
Ljj = 0.15
L,, = 0.3
Flow Rate
Reading (mpm)
12
11
From the data the following calculations can be made:
Area of Solvent/Air Interface
Av = Sv Wv
Av = (6m) (2m)
Where:
Av = 12m2 (or 129.17 ft2)
Av = area of solvent/air interface, m2 (or ft2)
Sv = length of solvent/air interface, m (or ft)
Wv = width of solvent/air interface, m (or ft)
Guidance Document/als. 118
D-3
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Sump Interfaces
Boiling Sump -
*»g = »jg '^B
AB = (3m) (2m)
AB = 6m2 (or 64.58 ft2)
Where:
AB = area of the boiling sump interface, m2 (or ft2)
SB = length of the boiling sump, m (or ft)
WB = width of the boiling sump, m (or ft)
Immersion Sump -
A, = S, W,
A, * (3m) (2m)
A, = 6m2 (or 64.58 ft2)
Where;
AI = area of the immersion sump interface, m2 (ft2)
S, = length of the immersion sump, m (ft)
W, - width of the immersion sump, m (ft)
Calculation of the Emission Rate
~ K Av 6
Where:
LBf = final boiling sump inclined liquid level indicator reading, cm (or in)
0.5 cm (or 0.2 in)
LBj = initial boiling sump inclined liquid level indicator reading, cm (or in)
0.3 cm (or 0.11811 in)
LIf = final immersion sump inclined liquid level indicator reading, cm (or in)
0.3 cm (Or 0.11811 in)
LI = initial immersion sump inclined liquid level indicator reading, cm (or
in)
0.15 cm (or 0.06 in)
T)-4 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX D
p = density of solvent, g/m3 (lb/ft3)
1,364,500 g/m3 (or 85.21 lb/ft3) (for methylene chloride)
AB = area of boiling sump interface, m2 (or ft2)
6m2 (or 211.86 ft2)
A! = area of immersion sump interface, m2 (or ft2)
6m2 (or 211.86 ft2)
K = 100,000 cm*g/m*kg for metric units
= 12 in/ft for English units
Av = area of solvent-air interface, m2 (or ft2)
12 m2 (or 423.72 ft2)
9 = test time, hr
16 hrs
Therefore:
£ _ [((0.5cm-0.3cm)(l,364,500g/m 3)(6m 2)) +((0.3cm-0.15cm)(1.364,500g/m3)(6m
(100,000cm * glm * kg) (12m2) (16/trs)
E = 0.149*g/m2*Jtr
Appendix D-3 page contains a blank recordkeeping form that can be used to document the
idling emissions for your cleaning machine. Note that this recordkeeping form is not
required; any recordkeeping format incorporating the required information would be
acceptable.
Guidance Document/als. 118 £)-5
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Idling Emission Limit Initial Test
Recordkeeping Form
Machine Type (circle one):
Batch Vapor
In-Line
Date:
Solvent Type:.
Solvent density, (p):_
Length of boiling sump (SB), m (or ft):_
Width of boiling sump (WB), m:
Length of immersion sump (Sj), m (or ft):.
Width of immersion sump (Wj), m (or ft):_
Length of solvent vapor/air interface (Sv), m (or ft):_
Width of solvent vapor/air interface (Wv), m (or ft):.
Run:
Clock Time
6:00 air
10:00 pm
Boiling Sump
Reading
(cm or inches)
LBi =
Lfif =
Immersion
Sump Reading
LB =
Lif =
Windspeed Flow
Rate Reading
(meters or feet per
minute)
Guidance Oocument/als.118
D-6
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Idling Emission Limit Initial Test
Recordkeeping Form (Continued)
Machine Type (circle one): Batch Vapor In-Line
From the data the following calculations can be made:
1. Area of Solvent/Air Interface
Av = Sv * Wv
Where:
Av =
Av = area of solvent/air interface, m2 (or feet)
Sy = length of solvent/air interface, m (or feet)
Wv = width of solvent/air interface, m (or feet)
2. Calculation of Sump Interfaces
Boiling Sump -
AB = «B "
AB = _
Where:
AB = area of the boiling sump interface, m2 (or m2)
SB = length of the boiling sump, m (or ft)
WB = width of the boiling sump, m (or ft)
Guidance Document/als. 118 D-7
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Idling Emission Limit Initial Test
Recordkeeping Form (Continued)
Immersion Sump -
A,
A,
Where:
Aj = area of the immersion sump interface, m2 (or ft2)
S, = length of the immersion sump, m (or ft)
Wj = width of the immersion sump, m (or ft)
3. Calculation of the Emission Rate
Where:
LBf
LB,
LIf
LI,
A,
K
Av
0
Calculation:
AB+ (L,f-L,.)p A,
K Ave
final boiling sump inclined liquid level indicator reading, cm
(or in)
initial boiling sump inclined liquid level indicator reading, cm
(or in)
final immersion sump inclined liquid level indicator reading, cm
(or in)
initial immersion sump inclined liquid level indicator reading,
cm (or in)
density of solvent, g/m3 (or lb/ft3)
area of boiling sump interface, m (or ft2)
area of immersion sump interface, m2 (or ft2)
100,000 cm»g/m*kg (or 12 in/ft)
area of solvent-air interface, m2 (or ft2)
test time, hr
Guidance Docament/als. 118
D-8
-------
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX E
EQUIPMENT STANDARD WORK
PRACTICE COMPLIANCE
REQUIREMENTS
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX E
Table of Contents
Page
Solvent Cleaning Procedures Test E-3
Solvent Cleaning Procedures Test Answers , E-6
Batch Vapor and In-Line Work Practice Summary E-7
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Solvent Cleaning Procedures
Test
General Questions
1. What is the maximum allowable speed (if the size of the parts or basket is less than
50 percent of the solvent-air interface area) for parts entry and removal?
A. 85 meters per minute (28 feet per minute)
B. 34 meters per minute (11 feet per minute)
C. 11 meters per minute (36 feet per minute)
D. No limit
D. No limit
2. How do you ensure that parts enter and exit the solvent cleaning machine at the
speed required in the regulation?
A. Program on computerized hoist monitors speed
B. Can judge the speed by looking at it
C. Measure the time it takes the parts to travel a measured distance
3. Identify the sources of air disturbances
A. Fans
B. Open doors
C. Open windows
D. Ventilation vents
E All of the above
4. What are the three operating modes?
A. Idling, working, and downtime
B. Precleaning, cleaning, and drying
C. Startup, shutdown, off
D. None of the above
5. When can parts or parts baskets be removed from the solvent cleaning machine?
A. When they are clean
B. At any time
C. When dripping stops
D. Either A or C is correct
Guidance Document/als. 118 E-3
-------
6. How must parts be oriented during cleaning?
A. It does not matter as long as they fit in the parts basket
B. So that the solvent pools in the cavities where the dirt is concentrated
C. So that solvent drains from them freely
7. During startup, what must be turned on first, the primary condenser or the sump
heater?
A. Primary condenser
B. Sump heater
C. Turn both on at same time
D. Either A or B is correct
8. During shutdown, what must be turned off first, the primary condenser or the sump
heater?
A. Primary condenser
B. Sump heater
C. Turn both off at same time
D. Either A or B is correct
9. In what manner must solvent be added to and removed from the solvent cleaning
machine?
A, With leak proof couplings
B. With the end of the pipe in the solvent sump below the liquid solvent surface
C. So long as the solvent does not spill, the method does not matter
D A and B
10 What must be done with waste solvent and still and sump bottoms?
A. Pour down the drain
B. Store in closed container
C. Store in a bucket
D. A or B
11. What types of materials are prohibited from being cleaned in solvent cleaning
machines using halogenated HAP solvents?
A. Sponges
B. Fabrics
C. Paper
D. All of the above
E-4 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
Control Device Specific Questions
*****Mark those control devices that apply with an X.'
Freeboard Refrigeration Device (FRD)
1. What temperature must the FRD achieve?
A. Below room temperature
B. 50°F
C. Below the solvent boiling point
D. 30 percent below the solvent boiling point
Working-Mode Cover
2. When can a cover be open?
A. While parts are in the cleaning machine
B. During parts entry and removal
C. During maintenance
D. During measurements for compliance purposes
E. Aam'C
F B, C, and D
3. Covers must be maintained in what condition?
A. Free of holes
B. Free of cracks
C. So that they completely seal cleaner opening
D. All of the above
Q Dwell
4. Where must the parts be held for the appropriate dwell time?
A. In the vapor zone
B. In the freeboard area above the vapor zone
C. Above the cleaning machine
D. In the immersion sump
Guidance Document/als. 118 E-5
-------
Solvent Cleaning Procedures Test Answers
General Questions Control Device Specific Questions
1. B 1. D
2. AorC 2. F
3 E 3. D
4. A 4. B
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. D
10, B
11. D
E-6 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
BATCH VAPOR AND IN-LINE
WORK PRACTICE SUMMARY
^•> MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT As RECOMMENDED BY THE MANUFACTURER.
@> MINIMIZE AIR DISTURBANCES IN THE MACHINE AND THE ROOM
• Sources of air disturbances include the following:
Fans
Open doors
Open windows
Ventilation vents
^•> MINIMIZE AIR DISTURBANCES DUE TO PARTS MOVEMENT.
• Limit speed of parts entry and removal to less than 3.4 meters per minute
(11 feet per minute).
• You must measure parts entry and removal by measuring the time it takes the
parts to travel a measured distance.
^•} MINIMIZE SOLVENT Loss DUE TO SPRAYING OPERATIONS.
• Spray within the enclosed area of the machine to prevent splashing and
spraying solvent outside the machine.
^*) REDUCE THE POOLING OF SOLVENT ON AND IN PARTS.
• Ensure that parts are positioned so that solvent drains freely from them.
• Ensure that parts or parts baske -> are not removed from the machine until
parts are clean and solvent dripping has stopped.
^•} FOLLOW PROPER STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES.
• During startup, turn on the primary condenser, then the sump heater.
• During shutdown, turn off the sump heater then the primary condenser.
^•) FOLLOW PROPER SOLVENT TRANSFER PROCEDURES.
• Solvent must be added to and removed from the machine with leak-proof
couplings.
• Solvent must be added to and removed from the machine with the end of the
pipe in the solvent sump below the liquid solvent.
{•) STORE SOLVENT WASTE IN CLOSED CONTAINERS.
{•) Do NOT CLEAN ABSORBENT MATERIALS.
• Examples of materials prohibited from being cleaned in this machine include
sponges, fabrics, paper, and wood.
@> BE PREPARED TO TAKE AND PASS AN OPERATOR TEST.
Guidance Document/als.l 18 E-7
-------
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX F
BATCH VAPOR AND IN-LINE
MACHINE REPORTING FORMS
[NOTE: NONE OF THESE FORMS ARE REQUIRED,
THE USE OF THESE FORMS IS OPTIONAL.]
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX F
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Initial Notification Report for Existing Machines
Part One , F-3
Initial Notification Report for Existing Machines
Part Two ..,...,.,... F-4
Initial Notification Report for New Machines
(Application for Approval of Construction
or Reconstruction), Part One F-5
Initial Notification Report for New Machines
(Application for Approval of Construction
or Reconstruction), Part Two F-6
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines Complying
with the Equipment Standard, Part One F-7
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines Complying
with the Equipment Standard, Part Two F-8
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines Complying
with the Alternative Standard, Part One F-10
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines Complying
with the Alternative Standard, Part Two F-ll
Annual Report, Part One , F-12
Annual Report, Part Two F-13
Exceedance Report, Part One , F-14
Exceedance Report, Part Two F-15
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Initial Notification Report for Existing* Machines
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Report: Date.
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name.
Mailing Address,
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Equipment
Location Address
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
'Existing cleaning machines are cleaners installed on or before November 29, 1993.
Guidance Document/als. 118 F-3
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Initial Notification Report for Existing* Machines
PART TWO - Information Required per Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
Cleaner Identification Number:
1. Type of machine (check one):
Batch vapor In-line
2. Solvent/air interface area
3. Existing controls
Freeboard ratio of 1.0
Freeboard refrigeration device
Super-heated vapor
Working-mode cover
Other
Control
square meters (or square inches)
_Carbon adsorber
Reduced room draft
"Dwell
4. Date of installation (attach documentation).
5. Anticipated compliance approach
Basic equipment standard
Alternative standard
Idling emission standard
6. Annual estimate of halogenated HAP solvent consumption
kilograms /year (or pounds/year)
'Existing cleaning machines are cleaners installed on or before November 29, 1993.
F-4
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Initial Notification Report for New* Machines
(Application for Approval of Construction or Reconstruction)
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Report: Date.
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name_
Mailing Address,
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Equipment
Location Ad 'ress
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
*New cleaning machines are cleaners installed after November 29, 1993.
Guidance Document/als. 118 F-5
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Initial Notification Report for New* Machines
(Application for Approval of Construction or Reconstruction)
PART TWO - Information Required per Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
1. Type of machine intended for construction/reconstruction (check one):
Batch vapor Cold in-line Vapor in-line
2. Solvent/air interface area square meters (or square inches)
3. Intended controls
Freeboard ratio of 1.0 Carbon adsorber
Freeboard refrigeration device Reduced room draft
Super-heated vapor Dwell
Working-mode cover Other
Control
4. Proposed construction or reconstruction commencement date
5. Expected construction or reconstruction completion date
6. Anticipated date of initial startup
7. Anticipated compliance approach
Basic equipment standard Idling emission standard
Alternative standard
8. Annual estimate of halogenated HAP solvent consumption
kilograms/year (or pounds/year)
*New cleaning machines are cleaners installed after November 29, 1993.
F-6 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines
Complying with the Equipment Standard
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Report Date.
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name
Mailing Address,
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Intended Equipment
Location Address
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
Guidance Document/als. 118 F-7
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines
Complying with the Equipment Standard
PART TWO - Information Required per Cleaning Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
1. Type of machine (check one):
Batch vapor In-line
2. Solvent/air interface area square meters (or square feet)
3, Equipment Standard Compliance Method chosen
Control combination
Idling emission limit (idling emission limit test report attached)
4, Control equipment used to comply with the rule
Freeboard ratio of 1.0 Carbon adsorber
Freeboard refrigeration device Reduced room draft
Super-heated vapor Dwell
_Working-mode cover Other
Other Control
Other
Control
F-& Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
5.
Monitored Parameters and Values:
Control
(check all that
applies)
Freeboard
Refrigeration
Device
Cover (Working
mode and idling-
mode)
Dwell
Superheated
Vapor System
Reduced Room
Draft
Measured Parameter
• Temperature at the center
of the air blanket while
idling
• Use, function and integrity
• Period of time parts are
held in the solvent cleaning
freeboard area above the
vapor zone after being
cleaned.
• Temperature at th ; center
of the super-heated vapor
zone while idling
• Windspeed
- Room parameters
(e.g., enclosure*)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Compliance Parameter Value
• < 30 percent of the solvent
boiling point
• Opens and closes properly
• Closed except during parts
entry and removal
• Closes completely
• Free of cracks, holes, or
other defects
• Determined for each of your
parts or parts baskets you
clean, or
• Determined using the most
complex part type or parts
baskets you dean.
• At least 10°F above the
solvent's boiling point
• < 15.2 meters per minute
(50 feet per minute)
1.
2.
3.
4.
*If a full or partial enclosure is used to achieve the reduced room draft for your cleaning machine,
attached the initial monitoring test.
Carbon Adsorber
Other
• Working-mode exhaust
halogenated solvent
concentration (weekly
measurement records of
the exhaust halogenated
solvent concentration
attached)
• < 100 ppm
Guidance Document/als. 118
F-9
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines
Complying with the Alternative Standard
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Report Date:_
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name
Mailing Address.
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Equipment
Location Address
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
F-10 Guidance Document/a/s.118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Initial Statement of Compliance for Machines
Complying with the Alternative Standard
PART TWO - Information Required per Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
Cleaner Identification Number:
1. Type of machine (check one):
Batch vapor In-line
2. a) Solvent/air interface area: square meters (or square feet), or
b) Cleaning capacity: cubic meters (or cubic feet), if your
cleaning machine does not have a solvent/air interface area (calculation
method and results for this determination attached).
3. The first 3-month average emissions is kilograms per month (or pounds per
month) (calculation sheets are attached).
Guidance Document/als. 118 F-ll
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Annual Report
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Report Date.
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name.
Mailing Address.
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Intended Equipment
Location Address
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
F-12 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Annual Report
PART TWO - Information Required per Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
Cleaner Identification Number:
Check compliance option chosen and fill out appropriate report requirements.
CH Control Options
All operators of solvent cleaning machines have received training on the proper
operation of solvent cleaning machines and their control devices sufficient to pass the
required operator test.
Signature Date
Previous Year's Solvent Consumption kg/yr (or Ib/yr).
LJ Alternative Standard
Cleaning machine size:
Solvent-air interface area m (or ft)
or
Solvent cleaning capacity m3 (or ft3)
Average monthly solvent consumption kg (or Ib)
Three month rolling x kg(or Ib) From To
average emission estimates:
(calculations attached) Date Date
2. kg (or Ib) From To
Date Date
3. kg (or Ib) From To
Date Date
Guidance Document/als. 118 F-13
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Exceedance Report
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Report Date_
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name_
Mailing Address.
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Intended Equipment
Location Address
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
F-14 Guidance Document/als. 1J8
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP
Exceedance Report
PART TWO - Information Required per Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
Cleaner Identification Number:
Check appropriate box and answer the requested information.
I I Exceedance
Exceedance that occurred:
Date of occurrence:.
Actions taken:
Results of actions:
I I No exceedance occurred.
Guidance Document/als. 118 F-15
-------
APPENDIX G
APPENDIX G
BATCH COLD CLEANING MACHINE
WORK PRACTICE REQUIREMENTS
AND REPORTING FORMS
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX G
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Work Practice Requirements for Batch Cold Cleaning Machines , G-3
Initial Notification Report for Batch Cold Cleaners
Part One , , , G-4
Initial Notification Report for Batch Cold Cleaners
Part Two , G-5
Compliance Report for Batch Cold Cleaners
Part One G-6
Compliance Report for Batch Cold Cleaners
Part Two G-7
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
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-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Initial Notification Report for Batch Cold Cleaners Report
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Form: Date:_
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name_.
Mailing Address_
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Equipment
Location Address
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
G-4 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Initial Notification Report for Batch Cold Cleaners
PART TWO - Information Required per Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
Cleaner Identification Number:
Cleaning Machine Type (circle one): Immersion Remote-Reservoir
Machine Installation Date:
Anticipated Equipment Control Combination Compliance Approach (circle one):
Cover and Water Cover and a 0.75 Cover with Work
Layer Freeboard Ratio or Practices
Greater with Work
Practices
Annual Solvent Consumption Estimate: kg/yr or Ib/yr.
Guidance Document/als. 118 G-5
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Compliance Report for Batch Cold Cleaners
PART ONE - General Information
Person Preparing Form: Date:.
Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial
Company Name
Mailing Address,
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Equipment
Location Address
Number, Street, City/Town, State, Zip Code
Cleaning Machine Summary
Identification Number Description
G-6 Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER NESHAP:
Compliance Report for Batch Cold Cleaners
PART TWO - Information Required per Machine
(Make copies for additional machines as necessary)
Cleaner Identification Number:
Cleaning Machine Type (circle one):
Immersion
Remote-Reservoir
This batch cold cleaner complies with the rule.
Signature
Date
Method of Compliance (circle one):
Cover and Water
Layer
Cover and a 0.75
Freeboard Ratio or
Greater with Work
Practices
Cover with Work
Practices
Guidance Document/als. 118
G-7
-------
APPENDIX H
APPENDIX H
HALOGENATED SOLVENT CLEANER
NESHAP REGULATION
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX H
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61801
property in all National Housing Act
mortgage and loan insurance programs
that are excluded from the "one-to-four-
family residential property" definition,
unless completely excluded from the
rule under §267.1(b)."
7. On page 50461, in the preamble, in
the third column, 12 lines from the
bottom, correct the cross-reference
"§ 267.3(b)C2)" to read"S 2B7.3(c)(2)".
8. On page 50464, in column two, in
§ 267.1. paragraph (a) is corrected by
adding a sentence at the end to read as
follows:
§267.1 Applicability.
(a) * * * Some provisions of
§ 267.3(c) also apply to the nmltifamily
risk-sharing program under part 266 of
this chapter as provided in
§ 266.15(b)(8) of this chapter.
§267.2 [Corrected]
9. On page 50464, in column three, in
§ 267.2, in the definition for "Single
family program", "§ 267.5(c)" is
corrected to read, "§ 267.5".
§2674 [Corrected]
10. On page 50465, in column one. in
§ 267.3, paragraph (c)(3) is corrected by
removing the paragraph designations for
paragraphs (c)(3) (i). Jii), and (iii). and
running the text together to form a
single paragraph (c)(3).
§267.8 [Corrected]
11. On page 50468, in column one, in
§ 267.9, in line 15, correct "Appraisal
Foundation" to read "Appraisal
Subcommittee".
§267.12 [Corrected]
12. On page 50468, in column three,
§ 267.12 is corrected by adding a period
at the end of paragraph (a)(3) after the
word "Order", and by removing "; or"
and paragraph (a)(4).
13. On page 50469, beginning in
column one, § 267.12 is corrected by
removing paragraph (b)(3).
Dated: November 28,1994.
Nicolas P. Retsinas,
Assistant Secretary far Housing—Federal
Housing Commissioner.
IFR Doc. 94-29685 Filed 12-1-94; 8:45 am]
aiUMQ CODE 4i1«7-P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AQENCY
40 CFR Parts 9 and 63
[AD-FRL-6111-3]
RIN 2060-AC31
National Emission Standards (or
Hazardous Air Pollutants: rWogenated
Solvent Cleaning
AQENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule and teat method.
SUMMARY: This final rule promulgates
national emission standards for
hazardous air pollutants for halogenated
solvent cleaners. These standards
implement section 112 of the Clean Air
Act (Act) and are based on the
Administrator's determination that
halogenated solvent cleaning machines
emit halogenated organic chemicals
identified in the Act list of 189
hazardous air pollutants (HAP). The
halogenated solvent cleaner NESHAP
requires batch vapor solvent cleaning
machines and in-line solvent cleaning
machines to meet emission standards
reflecting the application of the
maximum achievable control
technology for major and area sources;
area source batch cold cleaning
machines are required 4o achieve
generally available control technology.
The rule regulates the emissions of the
following halogenated HAP solvents:
methylene chloride (MC),
perchloroethylene (PCE),
trichloroethylenefrCE), 1.1.1-
trichloroethane (TCA), carbon
tetrachloride {CT), and chloroform (C).
The EPA is also finalizing Method 307
with the standard. This method can be
used to demonstrate compliance with
the idling standard.
EFFECTIVE DATE: December 2,1994. See
Supplementary Information section
concerning judicial review.
ADDRESSES: Background Information
Document. The background information
document (BID) for the promulgated
standards may be obtained from the U.S.
EPA Library (MD-35), Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone
number (919) 541-2777. Please refer to
"National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants, Halogenated.
Solvent Cleaning—Background
Information for Final Standards," EPA
No. 453/R-94-071. The BID contains:
(1) a summary of all the public
comments made on the proposed
standards and the Administrator's
response to the •comments; and (2) a
summary of the changes made to the
standards since proposal. A reasonable
fee may be charged for copying.
Docket. A docket. No. A-02-39,
containing information considered by
the EPA in development of the
promulgated standards, is available for
public inspection between 8:00 a.m. and
4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. at
the following address: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Air
and Radiation Docket and Information
Center (formerly known as the Air
Docket) (MC-6102). 401 M Street SW..
Washington, DC 20460 [phone: (202)
260-7548]. The docket is located at the
above address in Room M-1500,
.Waterside Mall (ground floor). A
reasonable fee may be charged for
copying.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For
information concerning the final
standard, contact Mr. Paul Almodovar*
Coatings and Consumer Products Croup,
Emission Standards Division (MD-13),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
27711. telephone number (919) 541-
0283.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: National
emission standards for hazardous air
pollutants (NESHAP) for halogenated
solvent cleaners were proposed in the
Federal Register on November 29, 1993
(58 FR 62566). This Federal Register
action announces the EPA's final
decisions on the rule. Under section
307{b)(l) of the Act, judicial review of
the NESHAP is available only by the
filing of a petition for review in the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit within 60 days of
today 's publication of this rule. Under
section 307(b)(2) of the Act. the
requirements that are the subject of
today's notice may not be challenged
later in civil or criminal proceedings
brought by the EPA to enforce these
requirements.
I. The Standards
National emission standards for major
sources of hazardous air pollutants
established under section 112 of the Act
reflect:
"• • • the maximum degree of reduction
in emissions of the HAP • * 'that the
Administrator, taking into consideration the
cost of achieving such emission reduction,
•nd any nonair quality health and
environmental impact* and energy
requirements, determine is achievable for -
new or existing sources in the category or
tubcategory to which such emission
standards applie ...... (the Act section
Area sources are regulated with a MACT
standard, unless there is justification for/
regulating them under GACT.
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61802 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 231 / Friday. December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations
The promulgated standard includes
multiple alternatives to allow owners or
operators maximum compliance
flexibility. These alternatives include an
equipment standard, in conjunction
with work practice requirements, and an
alternative overall solvent emissions
standard. The idling emission limit and
the alternative overall solvent emission
standard are not available to owners or
operators of batch cold cleaning
machines.
If an owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line cleaning machine elects
to comply with the equipment standard,
they must install one of the control
combinations listed in the regulation,
use an automated parts handling system
to process all parts, and follow multiple
work practices. As an alternative to
selecting one of the equipment control
combinations listed in the regulation, an
owner or operator may demonstrate that
the batch vapor or in-line cleaning
machine can meet the idling mode
emission limit specified in the
standards. In addition to maintaining
this idling mode emission limit, the
owner or operator of a batch vapor or in-
line solvent cleaning machine must use
an automated parts handling system to
process all parts and comply with the
work practice standards. A third
alternative for complying with these
standards is to comply with the overall
solvent emissions limit. An owner or
operator complying •with the overall
solvent emissions limit is required to
ensure that the emissions from each
solvent cleaning machine are less than
or equal to the solvent emission levels
specified in the standard. Under this
alternative standard, an owner or
operator is not required to use an
automated parts handling system or to
comply wi'h the work practice
standards.
The batch cold cleaning machine
standard is an equipment standard.
However, those owners or operators
choosing the equipment options without
the water layer must also comply with
work practice requirements. There is no
idling standard or overall solvent
emissions standard for batch cold
cleaning machines. Batch cold cleaning
machines located at nonmajor sources
are exempt from title V permit
requirements.
Section 114ia)(3) of the amended CAA
requires enhanced monitoring and
compliance certification of all major
stationary sources. The annual
compliance certifications certify
whether compliance has been
continuous or intermittent. Enhanced
monitoring shall be capable of detecting
deviations from each applicable
em.ision limit or standard with
sufficient representativeness, accuracy,
precision, reliability, frequency and
timeliness to determine if compliance is
continuous during a reporting period.
The monitoring in this regulation
satisfies the requirements of enhanced
monitoring.
n. Summary of Impacts
These standards will reduce
nationwide emissions of hazardous air
pollutants (HAP) from halogenated
solvent cleaning machines by 77,400
Mg/yr (85,300 tons per year), or 63
percent by 1997 compared to the
•missions that would result in the
absence of the standards. No adverse
.secondary air impacts, water or solid
waste impacts are anticipated from the
promulgation of these standards.
The national annual energy usage due
to the installation of the required
control devices is expected to increase
from 12.9 million KWH/yr to 66.9
million KWH/yr, which is equivalent to
approximately 29.3 thousand barrels of
oil. These estimates do not include
energy savings from reduced solvent
use.
The implementation of this regulation
is expected to result in an overall
annual national net savings of 519
million. This includes a net annualized
savings from installation of control
devices of $30.5 million and a total
monitoring, reporting, and
lecordkeeping costs of $11.6 million.
These savings will come from the
significant decrease in solvent
emissions and, therefore, solvent
consumption, which outweigh the
overall cost of air pollution control
equipment and monitoring and
recordkeeping costs.
The economic impact analysis done at
proposal showed that the economic
impacts from the proposed standard
would be insignificant. The economic
impact analysis has not been revised for
promulgation because the changes in
costs are not expected to have any effect
on the results of the analysis. While the
estimated annual costs for the regulation
have increased since proposal, there are
still cost savings for most affected
entities. Only entities with small or
medium-sized cleaning machines will
not have cost savings, and the costs for
the selected regulatory alternatives for
these entities have changed very little
since proposal. Since those entities that
do not have cost savings were the only
ones analyzed in the proposal, and these
costs have changed little, the results
from the economic impact analysis at
proposal should still hold for
promulgation.
III. Significant Changes to the Proposed
Standards
A. Public Participation
Prior to proposal of the standards,
interested parties were advised by
public notice in the Federal Register (57
FR 46854), of a meeting of the National
Air Pollution Control Techniques
Advisory Committee to discuss the
halogenated solvent cleaner source
recommended for proposal. This
meeting was held on November 17 and
18,1992. The meeting was open to the
public and each attendee was given an
opportunity to comment on the
standards recommended for proposal.
The standards were proposed and
published in the Federal Register on
November 29.1993 (58 FR 62566). The
preamble to the proposed standards
discussed the availability of the BID,
which described the regulatory
alternatives considered and the impacts
of those alternatives. Public comments
were solicited at the time of proposal,
and copies of the BED were distributed
to interested parties.
To provide interested persons the
opportunity for oral presentation of
data, views, or arguments concerning
the proposed standards, a public
hearing was offered at proposal;
however, one was not requested. The
public comment period was from
November 29.1993 to January 28.1994.
Fifty-seven comment letters were
received. The comments have been
carefully considered, and changes have
been made in the proposed standards
when determined by the Administrator
to be appropriate.
B. Comments on the Proposed
Standards
Comments on the proposed standards
were received from 57 commenters
composed mainly of States, solvent
cleaning machine users, solvent
cleaning machine vendors, industry and
industry trade associations. A detailed
discussion of these comments and
responses can be found in the
promulgation BID, which is referenced
in the ADDRESSES section of this
preamble. The summary of comments
and response in the BID serve as the
basis for the revisions that have been
made to the standards between proposal
and promulgation. Most of the comment
letters contained multiple comments.
The comments have been divided into
the following areas:
• Selection of pollutants and source
categories for regulation.
» Emission control options
• Regulatory' alternatives.
• Benefits analysis/economics
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Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday. December 2. 1994 / Rrles and Regulations
61803
• Equipment, idling, work practice
and overall solvent emission limit
standards.
• Modification and reconstruction
considerations.
• Monitoring requirements.
• Recordkeeping and reporting
requirements.
• Operating permit program.
• Clarifications.
• Miscellaneous.
C. Significant Changes
Several changes have been made since
the proposal of these standards. The
majority of the changes have been made
to clarify portions of the rule that were
unclear to the commenters. Other
changes include adding additional
control combinations and an equation
that allows cleaning machines that do
not have a solvent vapor/air interface
area to comply with the standard by
meeting a solvent emission limit based
on cleaning capacity. A summary of the
major changes is presented below.
(1) Several comments were made
about the complexity of the rule, with
many commenters offering suggested
changes to clarify different sections.
Many of these recommendations have
been incorporated into the final rule.
For example, the standards for batch
cold cleaning machines have been
moved to a separate section, the
operator test has been included as
. jpendix B, and a table summarizing
t.ie applicability of the General
Provisions to this rule has been
included in appendix C.
(2) The applicability section of the
rule has been clarified to ensure that the
standard regulates only those solvents
originally intended for inclusion;
namely, MC, PCE, TCE. TCA, CT. and C.
Several commenters were concerned
that, as p'roposed, the rule could be
interpreted to regulate non-halogenated
solvents contaminated by trace amounts
of halogenated solvent. The EPA never
intended for these solvents to be
included in these standards.
(3) An equation and table have been
sclded to allow solvent cleaning
machines that do not have a solvent
vapor/air interface area to comply with
those standards. Several new cleaning
machines are currently being developed
In industry that cannot install the
equipment control devices included in
this final rule, do not have an idling
mode, and do not have a solvent vapor/
•11 r interface area to relate to the solvent
"mission limit. The equation and table
•n the rule allow owners or operators of
l.iilngcnated solvent cleaning machines
•\ .ihout a solvent vapor/air interface
•~wa to comply with the standard by
:"i'cting an overall solvent emissions
limit based on cleaning capacity that is
equivalent to the overall solvent
emissions limit for machines with a
solvent vapor/air interface.
(4) The list of equipment
combinations has been modified to
remove overlapping controls and to add
carbon adsorbers to the control
combinations.
There are multiple control
combinations available for meeting the
rule, many of which are pollution
prevention measures. Many of these
options also reduce worker exposure.
However, some sources may rely on lip
exhausts instead in order to meet OSHA .
requirements. Use of a lip exhaust
without any controls, while reducing
worker exposure on the one hand,
would dramatically increase the overall
emissions to air. Thus, if lip exhausts
are used on solvent cleaning machines,
the rule requires carbon adsorption
controls (which have been added
explicitly as a control option in the final
rule). Although the lip exhaust-carbon
adsorption combination reduces worRer
exposure and overall emissions to air, it
may impose additional cost and burden
on sources as well as on the
environment for a number of reasons.
First, carbon adsorption units are
generally more expensive than other
controls listed in the options. Second,
these units may present cross-media
impacts such as effluent discharges if
not properly operated and maintained,
and spent carbon beds that have to be
disposed of as hazardous waste. Thus,
when making decisions about what
controls to install on halogenated
solvent cleaning machines to meet the
requirements of this rule, all of these
factors should be weighed and pollution
prevention measures are encouraged
wherever possible.
The EPA acknowledges that data
show little additional benefit is
achieved by the use of a working-mode
cover in the presence of reduced room
draft. Therefore, these controls are no
longer included in the same control
combination.
(5) Some changes have also been
made to the compliance and reporting
schedules. The initial notification report
deadline for existing sources has been
extended from 90 to 270 days after
promulgation. This overrides the 120
day deadline in the final part 63 General
Previsions. This was done to allow more
time for the delegation of this rule to the
States and to allow more time to process
the reports from the large number of
facilities affected by this rule. The
initial statement of compliance report
deadlina for new and existing sources
has been extended from 30 days to 150
days after the compliance date to allow
time for owners or operators 10
determine compliance with the 3-month
rolling average emission limit. The
compliance time for existing sources has
been extended from 2 to 3 years. This
extension has been provided to allow •
sources the maximum flexibility in
complying with these standards,
including allowing time to consider
alternative cleaning technologies. This
change is consistent with the General
Provisions (§ 63.6(b)(3)). The
exceedance report schedule has been
changed to include a biannual
exceedance report if there is not an
exceedance. This change is consistent
with the General Provisions (§ 63.10(e)).
Exceedance reports must still be
submitted quarterly if there is an
exceedance.
(6) Several commenters stated that the
rule was complex and difficult to
understand. They stated that additional
guidance should be provided,
particularly for small businesses. The
EPA agrees that guidance would be
helpful and has developed a brochure
summarizing the rule, and will be
developing a guidance manual that is
scheduled for publication in January
1995. This guidance manual includes a
detailed summary of the rule, example
forms that can be used for reporting and
recordkeeping, and additional
assistance for evaluating alternative
cleaning technologies.
(7) Several commenters recommended
that the EPA reduce the monitoring
frequency of the emission control
equipment. The EPA evaluated the
monitoring frequencies and has added a
provision to the final rule that allows
the hoist monitoring frequency to
decrease from monthly to quarterly if.
the owner or operator has operated the
hoist for one year without an
exceedance in the hoist speed. The EPA
has also changed the reduced room draft
(RRD) monitoring frequency from
weekly to quarterly with weekly
monitoring of the parameters used to
obtain the RRD.
(8) Several comments were received
on the batch cold cleaning machine
equipment requirement provisions. A
number of commenters reported the use
of TCA. MC, and TCE in noncarburetor
batch cold cleaning machine operations.
The commenters stated that the
proposed water layer control option was
not always possible for these cleaning
machines, particularly when TCA or
TCE solvents are used. In order to
address this issue, alternative control
equipment options were added to the
final rule to allow for the use of an
increased freeboard ratio and cover, or
remote-reservoir and cover, in lieu of u
water layer and cover. An owner or
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61804 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 231 / Friday. December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations
operator complying with these
alternative options must also comply
with work practice requirements. The
final rule also allows an owner or
operator of a batch cold cleaning
machine to use alternative control
equipmert, if demonstrated to be
equivalent to the equipment
requirements cited in the final rule and
approved by the Administrator.
IV. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
The docket is an organized and
complete file of all the information
considered by the EPA in the
development of this rulemaking. The
docket is a dynamic Tile, since material
is added throughout the rulemaking
development. The docketing system is
intended to allow members of the public
and industries involved to readily
identify and locate-documents so that
they cen effectively participate in the
rulemaking process. Along with the
statement of basis and purpose of the
proposed and promulgated standards
and the EPA responses to significant
comments, the contents of the docket
will serve as the record in case of
judicial review (section 307(d)(7)(A)).
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
Information collection requirements
.issociated \\ ith this regulation (those
included in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A
and Subpail T) have been approved bj
the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) under the provisions of the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and have been
assigned OMB control number (2060-
0273). An Information Collection
Request (ICR) document has beer.
prepared by the EPA (ICR No. 1652.0,')
to reflect the- changed information
requirements of the final rule and ha-,
boon submitted to OMB for review. A
copy may be obtained from Sandy
Fanner, Information Policy Branch. EPA
2136. 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC
20460, or by calling (202) 260-2740.
The annual respondent burden and
costs averaged over the first 3 years for
batch vapor and in-line cleaning
machine subcategories are 359,000
hours and $12.0 million. Since the
reporting burden for some of the
required activities will be incurred only
once, the average annual burden for
l>:itch vapor and in-line cleaning
machine subcategories will docreasn
.iflcr the first two years of
implementation. For the batcli cold
(•loaning machine subcntegory. the
nuual respondent burden and costs
.' uraged over the iirst 3 years arc 33,000
• •'rsanrl ^1.1 million the batch roltl
cleaning machine subcategory is not
expected to incur costs after the initial
activities.
This collection of information is
estimated to have an annual public
reporting and recordkeeping burden
averaging 42 hours per facility over the
first 3 years. These burden estimates
include time for reviewing instructions,
searching existing data sources,
gathering and maintaining the data
needed, and completing and reviewing
the collection of information.
Several commenters to the proposed
rule in recognizing this burden noted
that the rule was complex and difficult
to understand, and suggested that
additional guidance be provided,
particularly for small businesses. To
address these concerns the Emission
Standards Division and the Small
Business Assistance Program are
developing a brochure to summarize
this rule, and will be developing a
guidance manual scheduled to be
published in January 1995. This manual
will include a detailed summary of the
rule, example forms for reporting and
recordkeeping. to alleviate at least in
part the paperwork burden, and
additional material for evaluating
alternative cleaning technologies.
Send comments regarding the burden
estimate or any oilier aspects of this
collection of information, including
suggestions for reducing this burden to
Chief. Information Policy Branch (2/36),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
401 M St. SW.. Washington, DC 20460;
and to the Office of Information nnd
Regulatory Affairs. Office of
Management and Budget, Washington,
DC 20503. marked "Attention: Desk
Officer for the EPA."
C. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR
51735 (October 4,1993)) the Agency
must determine whether the regulatory
action is "significant" and therefore
subject to OMB review and the
requirements of the Executive Order.
The Order defines "significant
regulatory action" as one that is likely
to result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the
economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the
economy, a sector of the economy.
productivity, competition, jobs, tho
environment, public health or safety, or
State, local or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or
otherwise interfere with an action taken
or planned by another egenc\ .
(3) Materially alter the budgnlarv
impact of entitlements, grants, user fro:,.
or loan programs or the rights and
obligations of recipients thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues
arising out of legal mandates, the
President's priorities, or the principles
set forth in the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of the Executive
Order. OMB has notified EPA that it
considers this a "significant regulatory
action" within the meaning of the
Executive Order. The EPA has
submitted this action to OMB for
review. Changes made in response to
OMB suggestions or recommendations
will be documented in the public
record.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act {or
RFA. Pub. L. 96-354, September 19.
1980) requires Federal agencies to give
special consideration to the impact of
regulation on small businesses. The
RFA specifies that a final regulatory
flexibility analysis must be prepared if
a proposed regulation will have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. To
determine whether a final RFA is
required, a screening analysis, otherwise
known as an initial RFA, is necessary.
Regulatory impacts are considered
significant if:
(1) Annual compliance costs increase
total costs of production by more than
5 percent: or
(2) Annual compliance costs as a
percent of sales are at least 20 percent
(percentage points) higher for small
entities; or
(3) Capital cost of compliance
represents a significant portion of
capital available to small entities; or
(4) The requirements of the regulation
arc likely to result in closures of small
entities. A "substantial number" of
small entities is generally considered to
be more than 20 percent of the small
entities in the affected industry. Since
the economic analysis deals only with
small entities (in this case, facilities), it
is also an initial RFA, and conclusions
about the impacts on small entities can
be drawn from wbat was done there
already. Each of the criteria for
significant impacts will be considered
in turn.
The largest increase in total cost of
production from increased emission
control is 0.61 percent (SIC 359—
Industrial Machinery, n.c.c.). This figure
is well bplov.- the significant-impact
threshold of five percent
Assessing the differential impacts.
measured by a comparison of
compliance costs as n pcroont of sains
for small and large entities, is more
difficult as large model facilities \vnrt
no! nnatvztv! i-i tho rronomic impair.!
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Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 231 / Friday. December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61805
analysis. Treatment of this small
business impacts criterion involves
creating two large model facilities.
It is assumed that large facilities use
large solvent cleaning machines, then
compliance costs for large cleaning
machines are negative, and are thus
savings. To be conservative, it is
assumed here that large model facilities
possess five very large solvent cleaning
machines, so that a "maximum savings"
case is modelled. This case is important
as it models the maximum cost
differential between large and small
facilities.
Large model facilities were created for
SICs 359 (Industrial Machinery, n.e.c.)
and 254 (Partitions and Fixtures). SIC
359 was chosen because the small
model facilities in this group experience
the highest cost absorption impacts
when compared with other small model
facilities. SIC 254 w'as used because it
had the smallest average per-facility
revenue of facilities with greater than
100 employees. Thus, if they incur the
same absolute savings as other large
facilities, their relative percentage
savings \vill be the highest, and they
will experience the greatest cost savings
in percentage terms as a result of the
standard. The cost differentials are in no
case larger than one percentage point.
Thus, by this criterion, small business
impacts are not deemed significant.
The third criterion focuses or the
amount of capital available to s lall
businesses or facilities. Since the capital
costs incurred as a result of investment
in control equipment needed for small
businesses to meet the standard was less
than 10 percent of the businesses' total
assets in all 39 affected SIC codes, it was
concluded that the total assets of small
facilities will not be so adversely
affected as to prohibit the procurement
of outside financing. (Examining an
increase in capital costs as a percentage
of total assets is a measure of the ability
of a firm or facility to meet this capital
costs increase.) The conclusion, then, is
that lack of available capital will not be
an obstacle for small facilities in
Complying with the regulation.
Criterion number four stipulates that
.small business impacts are significant if
Compliance leads to closure. The only
implication of closure in the economic
impact analysis is found in the section
"ii earnings impacts. Here it was found
iliat. under worst-case assumptions,
' Insures might occur in only two SIC
«>dos. 254 and 259 (Miscellaneous
I'liiniture and Fixtures), given their low
r-iiR of profitability in the baseline. If
'nis indeed occurs, the question of
whether or not these closures make up
•' slibstantial portion of small entities
Must bo addressed. The actual number
of impacted facilities in the 39 impacted
SICs is unknown. If it can be assumed
that each SIC is impacted in the same
proportion, a proxy for the share of
impacted facilities represented by SIC
codes 254 and 259 is the total number
of facilities in these SIC codes as a share
of the total number of potentially
impacted firms. SIC codes 254 and 259
hold a combined total 3,194 small
facilities. This makes up 3.4 percent of
the total 93.121 small facilities in all 39
SIC codes. Thus, in the extreme case
that some closures result, the number of
closures is estimated to be far less than
the amount required to impact a
substantial number of facilities.
In conclusion, and pursuant to section
605{b) of the Regulatory Flexibility Act,
5 U.S.C. 605(b). the Administrator
certifies that this rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
The basis for the certification is that the
economic impacts for small entities do
not meet or exceed the four criteria in
the Guidelines to the Regulatory
Flexibility Act of 1980, as shown above.
Further information on the initial RFA
is available in the background
information package (see Background
Information Document section near the
beginning of this preamble).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Parts 9 and
63
Environmental Protection, Air
pollution control. Hazardous
substances, Halogenated solvent
cleaning machines, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: November 15.1994.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.'
For the reasons set out in the
preamble, title 40, chapter I, of the Code
of Federal Regulations is amended as set
forth below:
PART 9—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 9
continues to read as follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 135 et seq., 135-136y:
15 U.S.C. 2001. 2003. 2005, 2006. 2601-2671;
21 U.S.C. 331j, 346a, 348; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 33
U.S.C. 1251 et seq.. 1311.1313d, 1314,1321,
1326, 1330. 1344.1345(d) and (e), 1361; E.O.
11735. 38 FR 21243, 3 CFR. 1971-1975
Comp p. 973: 42 U.S.C. 241, 242b, 243. 246,
300f. 300g. 300g-l. 300g-2. 300g-3, 300g-l,
300g-5, 300g-6, 300J-1, 300J-2, 300J-3, 300J-
4, 300J-0, 1857 ct seq . 6901-C992k, 7401-
7671q, 7542. 9601-9057. 11023,11048.
2. Section 9.1 is amended by adding
in numerical order a new entry to the
table under the indicated heading to
read as follows
§ 9.1 OMB approvals under the Paperwork
Reduction Act
40 CFR citation
OMB con-
trol No. '
National Emission Standards
tor Hazardous Air Pollutants
for Source Categories:
63.467-63.468 2060-0273
PART 63—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for pan 63
continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
2. Part 63 is amended by adding
subpart T to read as follows:
Subpart T—National Emission Standards
(or Halogenated Solvent Cleaning
Sees.
63.460 Applicability and designation of
source.
63.461 Definitions.
63.462 Batch cold cleaning machine
standards.
63.463 Batch vapor and in-line cleaning
machine standards.
63.464 Alternative standards.
63.465 Test methods.
63.466 Monitoring procedures.
63.467 Recordkeeping requirements.
63.468 Reporting requirements.
63.469 Equivalent methods of control.
Subpart T—National Emission
Standards for Halogenated Solvent
Cleaning
§ 63.460 Applicability and designation of
source.
(a) The provisions of this subpart
apply to each individual batch vapor,
in-line vapor, in-line cold, and batch
cold solvent cleaning machine that uses
any solvent containing methylene
chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2).
perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4).
trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6),
1,1.1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-
6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-
23-5) or chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3),
or any combination of these halogcnatcd
HAP solvents, in a total concentration
greater than 5 percent b\ weight, as a
cleaning and/or drying agent. The
concentration of these si '.vents may bo
determined using EPA ii-st method 18,
material safety data sh^-s, or
engineering calculati
(b) Except as noted ppendix C
(General Provisions /• .cability to
Subpart T) of this sul. i.the
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61806 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
provisions of subpart A of this part
(General Provisions) apply to owners or
operators of any solvent cleaning
machine meeting the applicability
criteria of paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Each solvent cleaning machine
subject to this subpart that commences
construction or reconstruction after
November 29,1993, shall achieve
compliance with the provisions of this
subpart immediately upon startup or by
December 2,1994, whichever is later.
"(d) Each solvent cleaning machine
subject to this subpart that commenced
construction or reconstruction on or
before November 29.1993, shall achieve
compliance with the provisions of this
subpart no later than.*' H/«»/ H«"7
(e) In delegating implementation and
enforcement authority* to a State under
section 112(d) of the Act, the authority
contained in paragraph (0 of this section
shall be retained by the Administrator
and not transferred to a State.
(f) The authority conferred in
§ 63.463(d)(9) and § 63.469 will not be
delegated to any State.
§63.461 Definitions.
Unless defined below, all terms used
in this subpart are used as defined in
the 1990 Clean Air Act, or in subpart A
of 40 CFR part 63:
Administrator means the
Administrator of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency or his
or her authorized representative (e.g.,
State that has been delegated the
authority to implement the provisions of
this part.)
Air blanket means the layer of air
inside the solvent cleaning machine
freeboard located above the solvent/air
interface. The centerline of the air
blanket is equidista;>; between the sides
of the machine.
Automated pans handling system
means a mechanical device that carries
nil parts arid parts baskets at a
controlled speed from the initial loading
of soiled or wet parts through the
removal of the cleaned or dried parts.
Automated parts handling systems
include, but are not limited to, hoists
and conveyors.
Batch cleaning machine means a
solvent cleaning machine in which
individual parts or a set of parts move
through the entire cleaning cycle before
new parts are introduced into the
solvent cleaning machine. An open-top
vapor cleaning machine is a type of
batch cleaning machine. A solvent
cleaning machine, such as a ferris wheel
cleaner, that cleans multiple batch load*
simultaneously and is manually loaded
!•% a batch cleaning rMchine.
Carbon adsorber means a bed of
Activated carbon in'n which an air-
solvent gas-vapor stream is routed and
which adsorbs the solvent on the
carbon.
Clean liquid solvent means fresh
unused solvent, recycled solvent, or
used solvent that has been cleaned of
soils (e.g.. skimmed of oils or sludge and
strained of metal chips).
Cleaning capacity means, for a
cleaning machine without a solvent/air
interface, the maximum volume of parts
that can be cleaned at one time. In most
cases, the cleaning capacity is equal to
the volume (length times width times
height) of the cleaning chamber.
Cold cleaning machine means any
device or piece of equipment that
contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into
which parts are placed to remove soils
from the surfaces of the parts or to dry
the parts. Cleaning machines that
contain and use heated, nonboiling
solvent to clean the parts are classified
as cold cleaning machines.
Consumption means the amount of
halogenated hazardous air pollutant
solvent added to the solvent cleaning
machine.
Cover means a lid. top, or portal cover
that shields the solvent cleaning
machine openings from air disturbances
when in place and is designed to be
easily opened and closed without
disturbing the vapor zone. Air
disturbances include, but are not
limited to, lip exhausts, ventilation fans,
and general room drafts. Types of covers
include, but are not limited to, sliding,
biparting, and rolltop covers
Downtime mode means the time
period when a solvent cleaning machine
is not cleaning parts and the sump
heating coils, if present, are turned off.
Dwell means the technique of holding
parts within the freeboard area but
above the vapor zone of the solvent
cleaning machine. Dwell occurs after
cleaning to allow solvent to drain from
the parts or parts baskets back into the
solvent cleaning machine.
Dwell time means the required
minimum length of time that a part
must dwell, as determined by
§63.465{d).
Emissions means halogenated
hazardous air pollutant solvent
consumed (i.e., halogenated hazardous
air pollutant solvent added to the
machine) minus the liquid halogenated
hazardous air pollutant solvent removed
from the machine and the halogenated
hazardous air pollutant solvent removed
from the machine in the solid wastu.
Existing means any solvent cleaning
machine the construction or
reconstruction of which was
commenced on or before November 29.
1993.
Freeboard area means; for a batch
cleaning machine, the area within the
solvent cleaning machine that extends
from the solvent/air interface to the top
of the solvent cleaning machine; for an
in-line cleaning machine, it is the area
within the solvent cleaning machine
that extends from the solvent/air
interface to the bottom of the entrance
or exit opening, whichever is lower.
Freeboard height means; for a batch
cleaning machine, the distance from the
solvent/air interface, as measured
during the idling mode, to the top of the
cleaning machine; for an in-line
cleaning machine, it is the distance from
the solvent/air interface to the bottom of
the entrance or exit opening, whichever
is lower, as measured during the idling
mode.
Freeboard ratio means the ratio of the
solvent cleaning machine freeboard
height to the smaller interior dimension
(length, width, or diameter) of the
solvent cleaning machine.
Freeboard re/rigerotion device (also
called a chiller) means a set of
secondary coils mounted in the
freeboard area that carries a refrigerant
or other chilled substance to provide a
chilled air blanket above the solvent
vapor. A primary condenser capable of
meeting the requirements of
§ 63.463(e)(2)(i) is defined as both a
freeboard refrigeration device and a
primary condenser for the purposes of
these standards.
Halogenated hazardous air pollutant
solvent or halogenated HAP solvent
means methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-
09-2). perch'loroethylene (CAS No. 127-
18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-
01-6), 1.1.1-trichloroethane (CAS No.
71-55-6). carbon tctrachloride (CAS No
56-23-5). and chloroform (CAS No 67-
66-3)
Hoist means a mechanical device that
carries the parts basket and the parts to
ho cleaned from the loading area into
the solvent cleaning machine and to tin-
unloading area at a controlled speed. A
hoist may be operated by controls or
may be programmed to cycle parts
through the cleaning cycle
automatically.
Idling mode means the time period
when a solvent cleaning machine is not
actively cleaning parts and the sump
heating coils, if present, are turned on.
Idling-modp cover means any cover or
solvent cleaning machine design that
allows the cover to shield the cleaning
machine openings during the idling
mode. A cover that meets this definition
can also be used as a working-mode
cover if that definition is also met
Immersion cold cleaning machine
means a cold cleaning machine in
which the parts are immersed in the
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Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61P07
solvent whentoing cleaned. A remote
reservoir cold cleaning machine that is
also an immersion cold cleaning
machine is considered an immersion
cold cleaning machine for purposes of
this subpart.
In-line cleaning machine or
continuous cleaning machine means a
solvent cleaning machine that uses an
automated parts handling system,
typically a conveyor, to automatically
provide a continuous supply of parts to
be cleaned. These units are fully
enclosed except for the conveyor inlet
and exit portals. In-line cleaning
machines can be either cold or vapor
cleaning machines.
Leak-proof coupling means a threaded
or other type of coupling that prevents
solvents from leaking while filling or
draining solvent to and from the solvent
cleaning machine.
Lip exhaust means a device installed
at the top of the opening of a solvent
cleaning machine that draws in air and
solvent vapor from the freeboard area
and ducts the air and vapor away from
the solvent cleaning area.
Monthly reporting period means any
calendar month in which the owner or
operator of a solvent cleaning machine
is required to calculate and report the
solvent emissions from each solvent
cleaning machine.
New means any solvent cleaning
machine the construction or
reconstruction of which is commenced
after November 29,1993.
Open-top vapor cleaning machine
means a batch solvent cleaning machine
that has its upper surface open to the air
and boils solvent to create solvent vapor
used to clean and/or dry parts.
Part means any object that is cleaned
in a solvent cleaning machine. Parts
include, but are not limited to, discrete
parts, assemblies, sets of parts, and
continuous parts (i.e.. continuous sheets
of metal).
Primary condenser means a series of
circumferential cooling coils on a vapor
cleaning machine through which a
chilled substance is circulated or
recirculated to provide continuous
condensation of rising solvent vapors
and, thereby, create a concentrated
solvent vapor zone.
Reduced room draft means decreasing
the flow or movement of air across the
top of the freeboard area of the solvent
cleaning machine to meet the
specifications of § 63.463(e)(2)(ii).
Methods of achieving a reduced room
draft include, but are not limited to,
redirecting fans and/or air vents to not
blow across the cleaning machine,
moving the cleaning machine to a
comer where there is less room draft.
and constructing a partial or complete
enclosure around the cleaning machine.
Remote reservoir cold cleaning
machine means any device in which
liquid solvent is pumped to a sink-like
work area that drains solvent back into
an enclosed container while parts are
being cleaned, allowing no solvent to
pool in the work area.
Soils means contaminants that are
removed from the parts being cleaned.
Soils include, but are not limited to,
grease, oils, waxes, metal chips, carbon
deposits, fluxes, and tars.
Solvent/air interface means, for a
vapor cleaning machine, the location of
contact between the concentrated
solvent vapor layer and the air. This
location of contact is defined as the
mid-line height of the primary
condenser coils. For a cold cleaning
machine, it is the location of contact
between the liquid solvent and the air.
Solvent/air interface area means; for a
vapor cleaning machine, the surface
area of the solvent vapor zone that is
exposed to the air, for an in-line
cleaning machine, it is the total surface
area of all the sumps; for a cold cleaning
machine, it is the surface area of the
liquid solvent that is exposed to the air.
Solvent cleaning machine means any
device or piece of equipment that uses
halogenated HAP solvent liquid or
vapor to remove soils from the surfaces
of materials. T; oes of solvent cleaning
machines inch le, but are not limited
to, batch vapor, in-line vapor, in-line
cold, and batch cold solvent cleaning
machines.
Solvent vapor zone means: for a vapor
cleaning machine, the area that extends
from the liquid solvent surface to the
level that solvent vapor is condensed.
This condensation level is denned as
the midline height of the primary
condenser coils.
Sump means the part of a solvent
cleaning machine where the liquid
solvent is located.
Sump heater coils means the heating
system on a cleaning machine that uses
steam, electricity, or hot water to heat or
boil the liquid solvent.
Superheated vapor system means a
system that heats the solvent vapor,
either passively or actively, to a
temperature above the solvent's boiling
point. Parts are held in the superheated
• vapor before exiting the machine to
evaporate the liquid solvent on them.
Hot vapor recycle is an example of a
superheated vapor system.
Vapor cleaning machine means a
batch or in-line solvent cleaning
machine that boils liquid solvent
generating solvent vapor that is used as
a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.
Wafer layer means a layer of water
that floats above the denser solvent and
provides control of solvent emissions. In
many cases, the solvent used in batch
cold cleaning machines is sold
containing the appropriate amount 'of
water to create a water cover.
Working mode means the time period
when the solvent cleaning machine is
actively cleaning parts. Working-mode
cover means anycover or solvent
cleaning machine design that allows the
cover to shield the cleaning machine
openings from outside air disturbances
while parts are being cleaned in the
cleaning machine. A cover that is used
during the working mode is opened only
during parts entry and removal. A cover
that meets this definition can also be
used as an idling-mode cover if that
definition is also met.
$63.462 Batch cold cleaning machine -
standards.
(a) Each owner or operator of an
immersion batch cold solvent cleaning
machine shall comply with the
requirements specified in
paragraph(a)(l) or (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Employ a tightly fitting cover that
shall be closed at all times except
during parts entry and removal, and a
water layer at a minimum thickness of
2.5 centimeters (1.0 inch) on the surface
of the solvent within the cleaning
machine, or
(2) Employ a tightly fitting cover that
shall be closed at all times except
during parts entry and removal and a
freeboard ratio of 0.75 or greater.
(b) Each owner or operator of a
remote-reservoir batch cold solvent
cleaning machine shall employ a tightly
fitting cover over the solvent sump that
shall be closed at all times except
during the cleaning of parts.
(c) Each owner or operator of a batch
cold solvent cleaning machine
complying with paragraphs (a)(2) or (b)
of this section shall comply with the
work and operational practice
requirements specified in paragraphs
(c)(l) through (c)(8) of this section.
(l) All waste solvent shall be
collected and stored in closed
containers. The closed container may
contain a device that allows pressure
relief, but does not allow liquid solvent
to drain from the container.
(2) If a flexible hose or flushing device
is used, flushing shall be performed
only within the freeboard area of the
solvent cleaning machine.
(3) The owner or operator shall drain
solvent cleaned parts for IS seconds or
until dripping has stopped, whichever
is longer. Parts having cavities or blind
holes shall be tipped 01 rotated while
draining.
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61808 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday. December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
(4) The owner or operator shall ensure
that the solvent level does not exceed
the fill line.
(5) Spills during solvent transfer shall
be wiped up immediately. The wipe
rags shall be stored in covered
containers meeting the requirements of
paragraph (c)(l) of this section.
(6)When an air- or pump-agitated
solvent bath is used, the owner or
operator shall ensure that the agitator ia
operated to produce a rolling motion of
the solvent but not observable splashing
against tank walls or parts being
cleaned.
(7) The owner or operator shall ensure
that, when the cover is open, the cold
cleaning machine is not exposed to
drafts greater than 40 meters per minute
(132 feet per minute), as measured
between 1 and 2 meters (3.3 and 6.6
feet) upwind and V tL", same elevation
as the tank. Lip.
(8) Sponges, fabric, wood, and paper
products shall not be cleaned.
(d) Each owner or operator of a batch
cold cleaning machine shall submit an
initial notification report as described in
§63.468(a) and a compliance report as
described in §63.468(b), No further
reporting or recordkeeping is required.
§ 63.463 Batch vapor and in-line cleaning
machine standards.
(a) Except as provided in § 63.464,
each owner or operator of a solvent
cleaning machine subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall ensure
that each existing or new batch vapor or
in-line solvent cleaning machine subject
to the provisions of this subpart
conforms to the design requirements
specified in paragraphs (a)(l) through
fa)(7) of this section.
(1) Each cleaning machine shall be
designed or operated to meet the control
equipment or technique requirements in
paragraph (a)(l)(i) or (n)(1)(ii) of this
section.
(i) An idling ani! downtime mode
cover, as described in § 63.463(d)(l)(i),
that may be readily opened or closed.
tha* completely covers the cleaning
machine openings when in place, and is
free of cracks, holes, and other defects.
(ii) A reduced room draft as described
m§63.463(e)(2)(ii).
(2) Each cleaning machine shall have
a freeboard ratio of 0.75 or greater.
(3) Each cleaning machine shall have
an automated parts handling system
capable of moving parts or parrs baskets
at a speed of 3.4 meters per minute (11
feet per minute) or less from the initial
loading of parts through removal of
cleaned parts.
(4) Each vapor cleaning machine shall
be equipped with a device that shuts off
the sump heat if Lhe sump liquid solvent
'eve! drops in lhr> sump h°nter coils.
(5) Each vapor cleaning machine shall
be equipped with a vapor level control
device that shuts off sump heat if the
vapor level in the vapor cleaning ' ;
machine rises above the height of the
primary condenser.
(6) Each vapor'cleaning machine shall
have a primary condenser.
(7) Each cleaning machine that uses a
lip exhaust shall be designed and
operated to route all collected solvent
vapors through a properly operated and
maintained carbon adsorber that meets
the requirements of paragraph (e)(2)(vii)
of this section.
(b) Except as provided in §63.464,
each owner or operator of an existing or
new batch vapor cleaning machine shall
comply with either paragraph (b)(l) or
(b)(2) of this section.
(1) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor cleaning machine with a solvent/
air interface area of 1.21 square meters
(13 square feet) or less shall comply
with the requirements specified in
either paragraph (b)(l)(i) or (b)(l)(ii) of
this section.
(i) Employ one of the control
combinations listed in table 1 of this
subpart or other equivalent methods of
control as determined using the
procedure in §63.469, equivalent
methods of control.
TABLE 1 .—CONTROL COMBINATIONS
FOR BATCH VAPOR SOLVENT
CLEANING MACHINES WITH A SOL-
VENT/AIR INTERFACE AREA OF 1.21
SQUARE METERS (13 SQUARE FEET)
OR LESS
TABLE 1 .—CONTROL COMBINATIONS
FOR BATCH VAPOR SOLVENT
CLEANING MACHINES WITH A SOL-
VENT/AIR INTERFACE AREA OF 1.21
SQUARE METERS (13 SQUARE FEET)
OR LESS—Continued
Option'
1
2
3 ..
4
5
6
7
8 ....
9
Control combinations
Working-mode cover, freeboard
ratio of 1.0. superheated vapor.
Freeboard refrigeration device,
superheated vapor.
Working-mode cover, freeboard
refrigeration device
Reduced room draft, freeboard
ratio of 1.0, superheated vapor.
Freeboard refrigeration device, re-
duced room draft.
Freeboard refrigeration device,
freeboard ratio of 1.0.
Freeboard refrigeration
dwell.
Reduced room dralt
freeboard ratio of 1 0.
Freeboard refrigeration device,
carbon adsorber.
Option
10
Control combinations
Freeboard ratio ol 1.0,
superheated vapor, carbon
adsorber.
Note: Unlike most of the control techniques
available (or complying with this rule, carbon
adsorbers are not considered to be a pollution
prevention measure. Use of such units may
impose additional cost and burden (or a num-
ber of reasons. First, carbon adsorption units
are generally more expensive than other con-
trols listed in the options. Second, these units
may present cross-media impacts such as ef-
fluent discharges if not properly operated and
maintained, and spent carbon beds have to be
disposed of as hazardous waste. When mak-
ing decisions about what controls to install on
halogenated solvent cleaning machines to
meet the requirements of this rule, all of these
(actors should be weighed and pollution pre-
vention measures are encouraged wherever
possible.
(ii) Demonstrate that their solvent
cleaning machine can achieve and
maintain an idling emission limit of
0.22 kilograms per hour per square
meter (0.045 pounds per hour per
square foot) of solvent/air interface area
as determined using the procedures in
§ 63.465(a) and appendix A to this part.
; (2) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor cleaning machine with a solvent/
air interface area greater than 1.21
square meters (13 square feet) shall
comply with the requirements specified
in either paragraph (b)(2)(i) or (b)(2)(ii)
of this section.
(i) Employ one of the control
combinations listed in table 2 of this
subpart or other equivalent methods of
control as determined using the
procedure in § 63.469, equivalent
methods of control.
TABLE 2.—CONTROL COMBINATIONS
FOR BATCH VAPOR SOLVENT
CLEANING MACHINES WITH A SOL-
VENT/AIR INTERFACE AREA GREAT-
ER THAN 1.21 SQUARE METERS (13
SQUARE FEET)
device, Option
dwell,
Control combinations
Freeboard refrigeration device,
freeboard ratio of 1.0.
superheated vapor.
Dwell, freeboard refrigeration de-
vice, reduced room drali.
Working-mode cover, freeboard
refrigeration device
superheated vapor
Freeboard ratio ot 1.0, reduced
room draft, superheated vapo'
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Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61809
TABLE 2.—CONTROL COMBINATIONS
FOR BATCH VAPOR SOLVENT
CLEANING MACHINES WITH A SOL-
VENT/AIR INTERFACE AREA GREAT-
ER THAN 1.21 SQUARE METERS (13
SQUARE FEET)—Continued
Option
7 ,..,„
Control combinations
Freeboard refrigeration device, re-
duced room draft, superheated
vapor.
Freeboard refrigeration device, re-
duced room draft, freeboard
ratio of 1.0.
Freeboard refrigeration device.
superheated vapor, carbon
adsorber.
TABLE 3.—CONTROL COMBINATIONS
FOR EXISTING IN-LINE SOLVENT
CLEANING MACHINES—Continued
TABLE 4.—CONTROL COMBINATIONS
FOR NEW IN-LINE SOLVENT CLEAN-
ING MACHINES—Continued
Option
3
4
Control combinations
Dwell, freeboard refrigeration de-
vice.
Dwell, carbon adsorber.
Option
3
Control combinations .
Superheated vapor, carbon
adsorber.
Note: Unlike most of the control techniques
Note: Unlike most of the control techniques
available for complying with this rule, carbon
adsorbers are not considered to be a pollution
prevention measure. Use of such units may
impose additional cost and burden for a num-
ber of reasons. First, carbon adsorption units
are generally more expensive than other con-
trols listed in the options. Second, these units
may present cross-media impacts such as ef-
fluent discharges if not properly operated and
maintained, and spent carbon beds have to be
disposed of as hazardous waste. When mak-
L-I-J decisions about what controls to install on
fc'ogpnated solvent cleaning machines to
meet tne requirements of this rule, all of these
factors should be weighed and pollution pre-
vention measures are encouraged wherever
possible.
(ii) Demonstrate that their solvent
cleaning machine c"n achieve and
maintain an idling emission limit of
0.22 kilograms per hour per square
inctcr (0.045 pounds per hour per
square foot) of solvent/air interface area
.is determined using the procedures in
*» 63.465(a) and appendix A of this part.
(c) Except as provided in § 63.464,
iMch owner or operator of an in-line
cleaning machine shall comply with
paragraph (c)(l) or (c)(2) of this section
.is appropriate.
(1) Each owner or operator of an
existing in-line cleaning machine shall
comply with the requirements specified
in either paragraph (c)(l)(i) or (c){l)(ii)
of this section.
(i) Employ one of the control
combinations listed in table 3 of this
subpart or other equivalent methods of
control as determined using the
procedure in § C3.469. equivalent
methods of control.
TABLE 3.—CONTROL COMBINATIONS
FOR EXISTING IN-LINE SOLVENT
CLEANING MACHINES
Note: Unlike most of the control techniques
available for complying with this rule, carbon
adsorbers are not considered to be a pollution
prevention measure. Use of such units may
Impose additional cost and burden for a num-
ber of reasons. First, carbon adsorption units
are generally more expensive than other con-
trols listed In the options. Second, these units
may present cross-media impacts such as ef-
fluent discharges if not properly operated and
maintained, and spent carbon beds have to be
disposed of as hazardous waste. When mak-
ing decisions about what controls to install on
halogenated solvent cleaning machines to
meet the requirements of this rule, all of these
factors should be weighed and pollution pre-
vention measures are encouraged wherever
possible.
(ii) Demonstrate that their solvent
cleaning machine can achieve and
maintain an idling emission limit of
0.10 kilograms per hour per square
meter (0.021 pounds per hour per
square foot) of solvent/air interface area
as determined using the procedures in
§ 63.465(a) and appendix A to this pan.
(2) Each owner or operator of a new
in-line cleaning machine shall comply
with the requirements specified in
either paragraph (c)(2)(i) or (c)(2)(ii) of
this section.
(i) Employ pne of the control
combinations Listed in table 4 of this
subpart or other equivalent methods of
control as determined using the
procedure in § 63.469, equivalent '
methods of control section. !
TABLE 4.—CONTROL COMBINATIONS j
FOR NEW IN-LINE SOLVENT CLEAN
ING MACHINES
! Option
Option
Control combinations
Superheated vapor, freeboard
ratio of 1.0.
Freeboard refrigeration device.
freeboard ratjo of 1.0.
Control combinations
Superheated vapor, freeboard re- :
fngerabon device. j
Freeboard refrigeration device, ;
carbon adsorber. i
adsorbers are not considered to be a pollution
prevention measure. Use of such units may
impose additional cost and burden for a num-
ber of reasons. First, carbon adsorption units
are generally more expensive than other con-
trols listed In the options. Second, these unto
may present cross-media impacts such as ef-
fluent discharges if not properly operated and
maintained, and spent carbon beds nave to be
disposed of as hazardous waste. When mak-
ing decisions about what controls to Install on
halogenated solvent cleaning machines to
meet the requirements of this rule, all of these
factors should be weighed and pollution pre-
vention measures are encouraged wherever
possible.
(ii) Demonstrate that their solvent
cleaning machine can achieve and
maintain an idling emission limit of
0.10 kilograms per hour per square
meter (0.021 pounds per hour per
square foot) of solvent/air interface area
as determined using the procedures in
§ 63.465(a) and appendix A to this part.
(d) Except as provided in § C3.464.
each owner or operator of an existing or
new batch vapor or in-line solvent
cleaning machine shall meet all of the
foil 'Wing required work and operational
practices specified in paragraph (d)(l)
through (d)(l2) of this section as
applicable.
(1) Control air disturbances across the
cleaning machine opening(s) by
incorporating the control equipment or
techniques in paragraph (d)(l)(i) or
(d)(l)(ii) of this section.
(i) Cover(s) to each solvent cleaning
machine shall be in place during the
idling mode, and during the downtime
mode unless either the solvent has boon
removed from the machine or
maintenance or monitoring is being
performed that requires the cover(s) to
not be in place.
(ii) A reduced room draft ns described
in§63.463(e)(2)(ii).
(2) The parts baskets or the ports
being cleaned in an open-top batch
vapor cleaning machine shall not
occupy more than 50 percent of the
solvent/air interface area unless the
parts baskets or parts are introduced at
a speed of 0.9 meters per minute (3 feet
per minute) or less.
(3) Any spraying operations shall be
done within the vapor zone or within a
section of the solvent cleaning machine
that is not directly exposed to the
ambient air (i.e.. a baffled or enclosed
area of the solvent cleaning machine).
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61810 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations
(4) Parts shall be oriented so that the
solvent drains from them freely. Parts
having cavities or blind holes shall be
tipped or rotated before being removed
from any solvent cleaning machine
unless an equally effective approach has
been approved by the Administrator.
(5) Parts baskets or parts shall not be
removed from any solvent cleaning
machine until dripping has stopped.
(6) During startup ofeach vapor
cleaning machine, the primary
condenser shall be turned on before the
sump heater.
(7) During shutdown of each vapor
cleaning machine, the sump heater shall
be turned off and the solvent vapor layer
allowed to collapse before the primary
condenser is turned off.
(8) When solvent is added or drained
from any solvent cleaning machine, the
solvent shall be transferred using
threaded or other leakproof couplings
and the end of the pipe in the solvent
sump shall be located beneath the liquid
solvent surface.
(9) Each solvent cleaning machine
and associated controls shall be
maintained as recommended by the
manufacturers of the equipment or
using alternative maintenance practices
that have been demonstrated to the
Administrator's satisfaction to achieve
the same or better results as those
recommended by the manufacturer.
(10) Each operator of a solvent
cleaning machine shall ccmplete and
pass the applicable sections of the test
of solvent cleaning operating procedures
in appendix B to this part if requested
during an inspection by the
Administrator.
(11) Waste solvent, still bottoms, and
sump bottoms shall be collected and
stored in closed containers. The closed
containers may contain a device that
would allow pressure relief, but would
not allow liquid solvent to drain from
the container.
(12) Sponges, fabric, wood, and paper
products shall not be cleaned.
(e) Each owner or operator of a
solvent cleaning machine complying
with either paragraph (b) or (c) of this
section shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(e)(l) through (e)(4) of this section.
(1) Conduct monitoring ofeach
control device used to comply with
§ 03.463 of this subpart as provided in
§63.466.
(2) Determine during each monitoring
period whether each control device
used to comply with these standards
meets the requirements specified in
paragraphs r<5)(2)(i) through (e)(2)(vii) of
this section
(i) If a freeboard refrigeration device is
used to comolv with these standards,
the owner or operator shall ensure that
the chilled air blanket temperature (in
*F or °C), measured at the center of the
air blanket, is no greater than 30 percent
of the solvent's boiling point.
(ii) If a reduced room draft is used to
comply with these standards, the owner
or operator shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(e)(2)(ii)(A) and (e)(2)(ii)(B) of this
section.
(A) Ensure that the flow or movement
of air across the top of the freeboard area
of the solvent cleaning machine or
within the solvent cleaning machine
enclosure does not exceed 15.2 meters
per minute (50 feet per minute) at any
time as measured using the procedures
in § 63.466(d).
(B) Establish and maintain the
operating conditions under which the
wind speed was demonstrated to be 15.2
meters per minute (50 feet per minute)
or less as described in § 63.466(d).
(iii) If a working-mode cover is used
to comply with these standards, the
owner or operator shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(e)(2)(iii)(A) and (e)(2)(iii)(B) of this
section.
(A) Ensure that the cover opens only
for part entrance and removal and
completely covers the cleaning machine
openings when closed.
(B) Ensure that the working-mode
cover is maintained free of cracks, holes,
and other defects.
(iv) If an idling-mode cover is used to
comply with these standards, the owner
or operator shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(e)(2)(iv)(A) and (e)(2)(iv)(B) of this
section.
(A) Ensure that the cover is in place
whenever parts are not in the solvent
cleaning machine and completely
covers the cleaning machine openings
when in place.
(B) Ensure that the idling-mode cover
is maintained free of cracks, holes, and
other defects.
(v) If a dxvell is used to comply with
these standards, the owner or operator
shall comply with the requirements
specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(v)(A) and
(e)(2)(v)(B) of this section.
(A) Determine the appropriate dwell
time for each type of part or parts
basket, or determine the maximum
dwell time using the most complex part
type or parts basket, as described in
§63.465(d).
(B) Ensure that, after cleaning, each
part is held in the solvent cleaning
machine freeboard area above the vapor
zone for the dwell time determined for
that particular part or parts basket, or for
the maximum dwell time determined
using the most complex part type or
parts basket.
(vi) If a superheated vapor system is
used to comply with these standards,
the owner or operator shall comply with
the requirements specified in
paragraphs (e)(2)(vi)(A) through
(e)(2)(vi)(C) of this section.
(A) Ensure that the temperature of the
solvent vapor at the center of the
superheated vapor zone is at least 10"F
above the solvent's boiling point.
(B) Ensure that the manufacturer's
specifications for determining the
minimum proper dwell time within the
superheated vapor system is followed.
(C) Ensure that parts remain within
the superheated vapor for at least the
minimum proper dwell time.
(vii) If a carbon adsorber in
conjunction with a lip exhaust is used
to comply with these standards, the
owner or operator shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(e)(2)(vii)(A) through (e)(2)(vii)(C) of this
section.
(A) Ensure that the concentration of
organic solvent in the exhaust from this
device does not exceed 100 parts per
million of any halogenated HAP
compound as measured using the
procedure in § 63.466(e). If the
halogenated HAP solvent concentration
in the carbon adsorber exhaust exceeds
100 parts per million, the owner or
operator shall adjust the desorption
schedule or replace the disposable
canister, if not a regenerative system, so
that the exhaust concentration of
halogenated HAP solvent is brought
below 100 parts per million.
(B) Ensure that the carbon adsorber
bed is not bypassed during desorption.
(C) Ensure that the lip exhaust is
located above the solvent cleaning
machine cover so that the cover closes
below the lip exhaust level.
(3) If any of the requirements of
paragraph (e)(2) of this section are not
met, determine whether an exceedancc
has occurred using the criteria in
paragraphs (eK3)(i) and (e)(3)(ii) of this
section
(i) An exceedance has occurred if the
requirements of paragraphs (e)(2)(ii)(B),
, . ,
or (e)(2)(vii)(C) of this section have not
been met
(ii) An exceedance has occurred if the
requirements of paragraphs (e)(2)(i),
(p)(2)(vi)(A). or (e)(2)(vii)(A) of this
section have not been met and are not
corrected within 15 days of detection.
Adjustments or repairs shall be made to
the solvent cleaning system or control
de\ ice to reestablish required levels
The parameter must be remeasured
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Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. ?.31 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61811
immediately upon adjustment or repair
and demonstrated to be within required
limits.
(4) The owner or operator shall report
all exceedances and all corrections and
adjustments made to avoid an
cxceedance as specified in § 63.468(h).
(0 Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with the idling
emission limit standards in paragraphs
(b)(l)(ii). (b)(2)(ii). {c)(l)(ii), or (c)(2)(ii)
of this section shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(0(1) through (f)(5) of this section.
(1) Conduct an initial performance
test to comply with the requirements
specified in paragraphs (f)(l)(i) and
(f)(l )(ii) of this section.
(i) Demonstrate compliance with the
applicable idling emission limit.
(ii) Establish parameters that will be
monitored to demonstrate compliance.
If a control device is used that is listed
in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, then
the requirements for that control device
as listed in paragraph (e)(2) of this
section shall be used unless the owner
or operator can demonstrate to the
Administrator's satisfaction that an
alternative strategy is equally effective.
(2) Conduct the periodic monitoring
of the parameters used to demonstrate
compliance as described in § 63.466(0-
(3) Operate the solvent cleaning
machine within parameters identified in
the initial performance test.
(4) If any of the requirements in
paragraphs (f)(l) through (f)(3) of this
section are not met, determine whether
an exceedance has occurred using the
criteria in paragraphs (f)(4)(i) and
(0(4)(ii) of this section.
(i) If using a control listed in
paragraph (e) of this section, the owner
or operator shall comply with the
appropriate parameter values in
paragraph (e)(2) and the exceedance
delineations in paragraphs (e)(3)(i) and
(e)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) If using a control not listed in
paragraph (e) of this section, the owner
or operator shall indicate whether the
exceedance of the parameters that are
monitored to determine the proper
functioning of this control would be
classified as an immediate exceedance
or whether a 15 day repair period would
be allowed. This information must be
submitted to the Administrator for
approval.
(5) The owner or operator shall report
all exceedances and all corrections and
adjustments made to avoid an
cxceedance as specified in § 63.468(h).
§63.464 Alternative standards.
(a) As an alternative to meeting the
requirements in § 63.463, each owner or
operator of a batch vapor or in-line
solvent cleaning machine can elect to
comply with the requirements of
§63.464. An owner or operator of a
solvent cleaning machine who elects to
comply with § 63.464 shall comply with
the requirements specified in either
paragraph (a)(l) or (a)(2) of this section.
(1) If the cleaning machine has a
solvent/air interface, as defined in
§ 63.461, the owner or operator shall
comply with the requirements specified
in paragraphs (a)(l)(i) and (a)(l)(ii) of
this section.
(B) For cleaning machines with a
cleaning capacity as reported in
§ 63.468(d), that is greater than 2.95
cubic meters, the emission limit shall be
determined using equation 1.
EL = 330*(Vol)°* (1)
where:
EL = the 3-month rolling average
monthly emission limit (kilograms/
month).
TABLE 6.—EMISSION LIMITS FOR
CLEANING MACHINES Wirnbur A
SOLVENT/AIR INTERFACE
and deletions for each solvent cleaning
machine.
(ii) Ensure that the emissions
each solvent cleaning machine
Cleaning capacity
from (cubic meters)
are eaual
to or less than the
i >tj«j
1.40
1.45
1.50
1 SS
1 .9«/
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
220
225
2.30
2.35
2.40
2^50
2.55
2.60
2.65
2.70
3-month rolling aver-
age monthly emission
limit (kilograms/
month)
0
55
83
106
126
144
160
176
190
204
218
231
243
255
266
278
2E9
299
310
320
330
340
349
359
* 368
377
386
<9QC
404
412
421
438
446
454
462
470
477
485
493
500
508
515
522
530
537
544
551
558
565
572
579
585
592
599
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61812 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE 6.—EMISSION LIMITS TOR
CLEANING MACHINES WITHOUT A
SOLVENT/AIR INTERFACE—Contin-
ued
Cleaning capacity
(cubic metess)
2.75
2.80
2.85
zso
245
3-month rolling aver-
age monthly emission
tanrt (kilograms/
month)
605
612
61 9
625
632
Vol B the cleaning capacity of the
solvent cleaning machine (cubic
meters).
(b) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with § 63.464 (a)
shall demonstrate compliance with the
applicable 3-month rolling average
monthly emission limit on a monthly
basis as described in §63.465(b) and (c).
(c) If the applicable 3-month rolling
average emission limit is not met, an
exceedance has occurred. All
exceedances shall be reported as-
required in § 63.468(h).
§63.465 Test methods.
(a) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with an idling
emission limit standard in
§63.463(b)(l}(iij, (b)(2)(ii). (c)(l)(ii). or
(c)(2)(ii) shall determine the idling
emission rate of the solvent cleaning
machine using Reference Method 307 in
appendix A to this pan.
(b) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with §63.464 shall
on the first operating day of every
month ensure that the solvent cleaning
machine system contains, only clean
liquid solvent. This includes, but is not
limited to, fresh unused solvent,
recycled solvent and used solvent that
has been cleaned of soils. A fill line
must be indicated during the first month
the measurements are made. The
solvent level within the machine must
be returned to the same fill-line each
month, immediately prior to calculating
monthly emissions as specified in
§63.465(c). The solvent cleaning
machine does not have to be emptied
and filled with fresh unused solvent
prior to the calculations.
(c) Each owner or operator of a batc'i
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with §63 404 shal'
on the first operating day of the month
comply with the requirements specified
in paragraphs {<• }[1J through !r:)(3) of thi*
section.
(1) Using the records of all solvent
additions and deletions for the previous
monthly reporting period required
under §63.464(a), determine solvent
emissions (Ei) using equation 2 for
cleaning machines with a solvent/air
interface and equation 3 for cleaning
machines without a solvent/air
interface:
^.SA.-LSR.-SSR,
(3)
where:
Ei=the total halogenated HAP solvent
emissions from the solvent cleaning
machine during the most recent
monthly reporting period i,
(kilograms of solvent per square
meter of solvent/air interface area
per month).
En=the total halogenated HAP solvent
emissions from the.solvent-cleaning
machine during the most recent
monthly reporting period i,
(kilograms of solvent per month).
SA,=the total amount of halogenated
HAP liquid solvent added to the
solvent cleaning machine during
the most recent monthly reporting
period i, (kilograms of solvent per
month).
LSR,=the total amount of halogenated
HAP liquid solvent removed from
the solvent cleaning machine
during the most recent monthly
reporting period i, (kilograms of
solvent per month).
SSR,=the total amount of halogenated
HAP solvent removed from the
solvent cleaning machine in solid
•waste, obtained as described in
paragraph (c)(2) of this section,
during the most recent monthly
reporting period i, (kilograms of
solvent per month).
AREA,=the solvent/air interface area of
the solvent cleaning mjchine
(square meters).
(2) Determine SSR, using the method
specified in paragraph (c)(2)(i) or
(c)(2)(ii) of this section.
(5) From tests conducted using EPA
reference method 25d.
(ii! By engineering calculations -
included in the compliance report.
(3) Determine the monthly rolling
average, EA, for the 3-month period
ending with the most recent reporting
period using equation 4 for cleaning
machines with a solvent'/air interface or
equation 5 for cleaning machines
without a solvent/air interface:
IE.
3
X5)
EAj=the average halogenated HAP
solvent emissions over the
preceding 3 monthly reporting
periods, (kilograms of solvent per
square meter of solvent/air interface
area per month).
EAn=the average halogenated HAP
solvent emissions over the
preceding 3 monthly reporting
periods (kilograms of solvent per
month).
E,=halogenated HAP solvent emissions
for each month (j) for the most
recent 3 monthly reporting periods
(kilograms of solvent per square
meter of solvent/air interface area}.
En=halogenated HAP solvent emissions
for each month (j) for the most
recent 3 monthly reporting periods
(kilograms of solvent per month).
j=l = the most recent monthly reporting
period.
j=2 = the monthly reporting period
. immediately prior to j=l.
j=3 = the monthly reporting period
immediately prior to j=2.
(d) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine using a dwell to comply with
§ 63.463 shall determine the appropriate
dwell time for each part or parts basket
using the procedure specified in
paragraphs (d)(l) and (d)(2) of this
section.
(1) Determine the amount of time for
the part or parts basket to cease dripping
once placed in the vapor zone. The part
or parts basket used for this
determination must be at room
temperature before being placed in the
vapor zone.
(2) The proper dwell time for parts to
remain in the freeboard area above the
vapor zone is no less than 35 percent of
the time determined in paragraph (d)(l)
of this section.
(c) An owner or operator of a source
shall determine their potential to emit
from all solvent cleaning operations,
using the procedures described in
paragraphs (e)(l) through (e)(3) of this
section. A facility's total potential to
emit is the sum of the HAP emissions
from all solvent cleaning operations.
plus n!l HAP emissions from other
sources within thf facility
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Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61813
(I) Determine the potential to emit for
each individual solvent cleaning using
equation 6.
PTEi=HlxW.xSAIi (6)
Where:
PTE,=the potential to emit for solvent
cleaning machine i (kilograms of
solvent per year).
H,-hours of operation for solvent
cleaning machine i (hours per year).
=8760 hours per year, unless
otherwise restricted by a Federally
enforceable requirement.
Wj=the working mode uncontrolled
emission rate {kilograms per square
meter per hour).
=1.95 kilograms per square meter per
hour for batch vapor and cold
cleaning machines.
=1.12 kilograms per square meter per
hour for in-line cleaning machines.
SAI. = solvent/air interface area of
solvent cleaning machine i (square
meters). Section 63.461 defines the
solvent/air interface area for those
machines that have a solvent/air
interface. Cleaning machines that
do not have a solvent/air interface
shall calculate a solvent/air
interface area using the procedure
in paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
(2) Cleaning machines that do not
have a solvent/air interface shall
calculate a solvent/air interface area
using equation 7.
SAI=2.20 * (Vol)0' (7)
Where:
SAI=the solvent/air interface area
(square meters).
Vol=the cleaning capacity of the solvent
cleaning machine (cubic meters).
(3) Sum the PTE, for all solvent
i leaning operations to obtain the total
potential to emit for solvent cleaning
operations at the facility.
§ 63.466 Monitoring procedures.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
ly) of this section, each owner or
operator of a batch vapor or in-line
solvent cleaning machine complying
••vith the equipment standards in
sf.3.463 (b)(l)(i). (b)(2)(i), (c)(l)(i). or
•.<:)l2)(i) shall conduct monitoring and
record the results on a weekly basis for
;
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61814 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
specified in paragraphs (e)(l) through
(e)(3) of this section.
(1) Use a colorimetric detector tube
designed to measure a concentration of
100 parts per million by volume of
solvent in air to an accuracy of ± 25
parts per million by volume.
(2) Use the colorimetric detector tube
according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
(3) Provide a sampling port for
monitoring within the exhaust outlet of
the carbon adsorber that is easily
accessible and located at least 8 stack or
duct diameters downstream from any
flow disturbance such as a bend,
expansion, contraction, or outlet;
downstream from no other inlet; and 2
stack or duct diameters upstream from
any flow disturbance such as a bend,
expansion, contraction, inlet or outlet.
(f) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with the idling
emission limit standards of § 63.463
(b)(l)(ii). (b)(2)(ii), (c)(l)(ii). or (c)(2)(ii)
shall comply with the requirements
specified in paragraphs (f)(l) and
of this section.
. (1) If using controls listed in
paragraphs (a) through (e) of this
section, the owner or operator shall
comply with the monitoring frequency
requirements in paragraphs (a) through
(e) of this section.
(2) If using controls not listed in
paragraphs (a) through (e) of this
section, the owner or operator shall
establish the monitoring frequency for
each control and submit it to the
Administrator for approval in the initial
test report
(g) Each owner or operator using a
control device listed in paragraphs (a)
through (e) of this section can use
alternative monitoring procedures
approve,! by ihe /,drmni'ttrator.
§63.437 Heuordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each ovner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying vvith the provisions
of § 63.463 shall maintain records in
written or electronic form specified in
paragraphs (e)(l) through (a)(5) of this
section for the lifetime of the machine.
(1) Owner's manuals, or if not
available, written maintenance and
operating procedures, for the solvent
cleaning mach'ne and con'rol
equipment.
(2) The date of installation for the
solvent cleaning machine and all of its
control devices. If the exact date for
installation is not known, a letter
certifying that the cleaning machine and
its control devices were installed pnor
lo, or on, November 29,1993, or after
November ?.9. 1993, mav be substituted.
(3) If a dwell is used to comply with
these standards, records of the tests
required in § 63.465(d) to determine an
appropriate dwell time for each part or
parts basket
(4) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with the idling
emission limit standards of
§63.463(b)(l)(ii). (b)(2)(ii). (cKl)(ii), or
(c)(2)(ii) shall maintain records of the
initial performance test, including the
idling emission rate and values of the
monitoring parameters measured during
the test.
(5) Records of the halogenated HAP
solvent content for each solvent used in
a solvent cleaning machine subject to
the provisions of this subpart.
(b) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with § 63.463 shall
maintain records specified in
paragraphs (b)(l) through (b)(4) of this
section either in electronic or written
form for a period of 5 years.
(1) The results of control device
monitoring required under § 63.466.
(2) Information on the actions taken to
comply with § 63.463(e) and (f). This
information shall include records of
written or verbal orders for replacement
parts, a description of the repairs made,
and additional monitoring conducted to
demonstrate that monitored parameters
have returned to accepted levels.
(3) Estimates of annual solvent
consumption for each solvent cleaning
machine.
(4) If a carbon adsorber is used to
comply with these standards, records of
the date and results of the weekly
measurement of the halogenated HAP
solvent concentration in the carbon
adsorber exhaust required in § 63.466(e).
(c) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with the provisions
of § 63.464 shall maintain records
specified in paragraphs (c)(l) through
(c)(3) of this section either in electronic
or written form for e period of 5 years.
(1) The dates and amounts of solvent
that are added to the solvent cleaning
machine.
(2) The solvent composition of wastes
removed from cleaning machines as
determined using the procedure
described in §63.465(c)(2).
(3) Calculation sheets showing how
monthly emissions and the rolling 3-
month average emissions from the
solvent cleaning machine were
determined, and the results of all
calculations.
(d) Each owner or operator of a
solvent cleaning machine without .'i
solvent/air interface complying with the
provisions of § 63.464 shall maintain
records on the method used to
determine the cleaning capacity of the
cleaning machine.
§ 63.468 Reporting requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator of an
existing solvent cleaning machine
subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall submit an initial notification
report to the Administrator no later than
August 29,19S5. This report shall
include the information specified in
paragraphs (a)(l) through (a)(6) of this
section.
(1) The name and address of the
owner or operator.
(2) The address (i.e., physical
location) of the solvent cleaning
machine(s).
(3) A brief description of each solvent
cleaning machine including machine
type (batch vapor, batch cold, vapor in-
line or cold in-line), solvent/air
interface area, and existing controls.
(4) The date of installation for each
solvent cleaning machine or a letter
certifying that the solvent cleaning
machine and its control devices were
installed prior to, or after, November 29,
1993.
(5) The anticipated compliance
approach for each solvent cleaning
machine.
(6) An estimate of annual halogenated
HAP solvent consumption for each
solvent cleaning machine.
(b) Each owner or operator of a new
solvent cleaning machine subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall submit
an initial notification report to the
Administrator. New sources for which
construction or reconstruction had
commenced and initial startup had not
occurred before December 2,1994, shall
submit this report as soon as practicable
before startup but no later than January
31,1995 New sources for which the
construction or reconstruction
commenced after December 2, 1994,
shall submit this report as soon as
practicable before the construction or
reconstruction is planned to commence.
This report shall include all of the
information required in §63.5(d)(l) of
subpart A (General Provisions), with the
revisions and additions in paragraphs
(b)(l) through (b)(3)of this section.
(1) The report shall include a brief
description of each solvent cleaning
machine including machine type (batch
vapor, batch cold, vapor in-line, or cold-
line), solvent/air interface area, and
existing controls.
(2) The report shall include the
anticipated compliance approach for
each solvent cleaning machine.
(3) In lieu of § 63.5(d)(l)(n)(H) of
subpart A of this part, the owner or
operator must report an estimate oi
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 50. No. 231 / Friday, December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61815
Manual balogenated HAP solvent
consumption for each solvent cleaning
machine.
(c) Each owner or operator of a batch
..old solvent cleaning machine subject to
.he provisions of this subpart shall
.i;bmit a compliance report to the
Administrator. For existing sources, this
r-:port shall be submitted to the
Administrator no later than 150 days
after the compliance date specified in
S)63.460(d). For new sources, this report
shall be submitted to the Administrator
no later than ISO days after startup or
May 1, 1995, whichever is later. This
n port shall include the requirements
..;j>ijcified in paragraphs (c)(l) through
(i.)(4) of this section.
(1) The name and address of the
owner or operator.
(2) The address (i.e., physical
location) of the solvent cleaning
!i:achine(s).
(3) A statement, signed by the owner
or operator of the solvent cleaning
•nnchine. stating that the solvent
(.loaning machine for which the report
is being submitted is in compliance
•vith the provisions of this subpart.
(4) The compliance approach for each
solvent cleaning machine.
(f § 63.463 shall submit to the
•\iiministrstor an initial statement of
-iijinpliance for each solvent cleaning
machine. For existing sources, this
ii.-port shall be submitted to the
Administrator no later than 150 days
.;!ter the compliance date specified in
=; G3.460(d). For new sources, this report
shall be submitted to the Administrator
:KI later than 150 days after startup or
May 1. 1995, whichever is later. This
-.latement shall include the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(il)(l) through (d)(6) of this section.
(1) The name and address of the
i ".vuer or operator.
(2) The address (i.e., physical
location) of the solvent cleaning
(3) A list of the control equipment
'i Msfl to achieve compliance for each
"I1, ant cleaning machine.
(•!) For each piece of control
'•'li'ipment required to be monitored, a
IIM of the parameters that are monitored
•iir.l the values of these parameters
"•'insured on or during the first month
•itJtir the compliance date.
( ') Conditions to maintain the wind
'i"v'>l> the idling emission limit standards
' -
and (c)(2)(ii) shall submit a test report
for tests of idling emissions meeting the
specifications in Method 307 of
appendix A to this subpart. This report
shall comply with the requirements
specified in paragraphs (d)(6)(i) through
(d)(6)(iv) of this section.
(i) This test must be on the same
specific model cleaner used at the
source. The test can be done by the
owner or operator of the affected
machine or can be supplied by the
vendor of that solvent cleaning machine
or a third party.
(ii) This report must clearly state the
monitoring parameters, monitoring
frequency and the delineation of
exceedances for each parameter.
(iii) If a solvent cleaning machine*
vendor or third party test report is used
to demonstrate compliance, it shall
include the following for the solvent
cleaning machine tested: Name of
pcrson(s) or company that performed
the test, model name, the date the
solvent cleaning machine was tested.
serial number, and a diagram of the
solvent cleaning machine tested.
(iv) If a solvent cleaning machine
vendor or third party test report is used.
the owner or operator of the solvent
cleaning machine shall comply with the
requirements specified in either
paragraphs (d)(6)(iv)(A) and (d)(6)(iv)(B)
of this section.
(A) Submit a statement by the solvent
cleaning machine vendor that the unit
tested is the same as the unit the report
is being submitted for.
(B) Demonstrate to the
Administrator's satisfaction that the
solvent emissions from the solvent
cleaning machine for which the test
report is being submitted are equal to or
less than the solvent emissions from the
solvent cleaning machine in the vendor
test report.
(7) If a carbon adsorber is used to
comply with these standards, the date
and results of the weekly measurement
of the halogenated HAP solvent
concentration in the carbon adsorber
exhaust required in §63.466(e).
(el Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with the provisions
of § 63.464 shall submit to the
Administrator an initial statement of
compliance for each solvent cleaning
machine. For existing sources, this
report shall be submitted to the
Administrator no later than 150 days
after the compliance date specified in
§ G3.460(d). For new sources, this report
shall be submitted to the Administrator
no later than 150 days after startup or
May 1.1995. whichever is later. The
statement shall include the information
specified in paragraphs (e)(l) through
(e)(4) of this section.
(1) The name and address of the
solvent cleaning machine owner or
operator.
(2) The address of the solvent
cleaning machine(s).
(3) The solvent/air interface area for
each solvent cleaning machine or, for
cleaning machines without a solvent/air
interface, a description of the method
used to determine the cleaning capacity
and the results.
(4) The results of the first 3-month
average emissions calculation.
(f) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with the provisions.
of § 63.463 shall submit an annual
report by February 1 of the year
following the one for which the
reporting is being made. This report
shall include the requirements specified
in paragraphs (f)(l) through (f)(3) of this
section.
(1) A signed statement from the
facility owner or his designee stating
that. "All operators of solvent cleaning
machines have received training on the
proper operation of solvent cleaning
machines and their control devices
sufficient to pass the test required in
§63.463(d)(10)."
(2) An estimate of solvent
consumption for each solvent cleaning
machine during the reporting period.
(3) The reports required under
paragraphs (0 and (g) of this section can
be combined into a single report for
each facility.
(g) Each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning
machine complying with the provisions
of § C3.464 shall submit a solvent
emission report every year. This solvent
emission report shall contain the
requirements specified in paragraphs
(g)(l) through
-------
61816
Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
is necessary to accurately assess the
compliance status of the source or, an
exceedance occurs. Once an exceedance
has occurred the owner or operator shall
follow a quarterly reporting format until
a request to reduce reporting frequency
under paragraph (i) of this section is
approved. Exceedance reports shall be
delivered or postmarked by the 30th day
following the end of each calendar half
or quarter, as appropriate. The
exceedance report shall include the
applicable information in paragraphs (h)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Information on the actions taken tc
comply with § 63.463 (e) and (f). This
information shall include records of
written or verbal orders for replacement
parts, a description of the repairs made,
and additional monitoring conducted to
demonstrate that monitored parameters
have returned to accepted levels.
(2) If an exceedance has occurred, the
reason for the exceedance and a
description of the actions taken.
(3) If no exceedances of a parameter
have occurred, or a piece of equipment
has not been inoperative, out of control,
repaired, or adjusted, such information
shall be stated in the report.
(i) An owner or operator who is
required to submit an exceedance report
on a quarterly (or more frequent) basis
may reduce the frequency of reporting
to semiannual if the conditions in
paragraphs (i)(l) through (i)[3) of this
section are met.
(1) The source has demonstrated a full
year of compiiance without an
exceedance.
(2) The ov uer or operator continues
to comply with all relevant
rccordkeeuii^p and monitoring
requirements specified subpart A
(General Provisions) and in this subpart
(3) The Administrator do:,s not object
to a reduced frequency of reporting for
the affectnd •srvirro as provided in
(General Provisions).
(j) The Administrator has determined,
pursuant to the criteria under section
502(a) of the Act, that an owner or
operator of any batch cold solvent
cleaning machine that is not itself a
major source and that is not located at
a major source, as defined under 40 CFR
70.2, is exempt from part 70 permitting
requirements for that source.
An owner or operator of any other
solvent cleaning machine subject to the
provisions of this subpart is subject to
part 70 permitting requirements, such
sources, if not major or located at major
sources, may be exempted by the State
from applying for a part 70 permit until
42 months after the EPA first approves'
a part 70 program or such other date
established by the permitting authority
that assures that such sources obtain a
permit by 5 years after the EPA first
approves a part 70 program.
(k) Each owner or operator of a
solvent cleaning machine requesting an
equivalency determination, as described
in § 63.469 shall submit an equivalency
request report to the Administrator. For
existing sources, this report must be
submitted to the Administrator no later
than June 3,1996. For new sources, this
report must be submitted and approved
by the Administrator prior to startup.
§ 63.469 Equivalent methods of control.
Upon written application, the
Administrator may approve the use of
equipment or procedures after they have
been satisfactorily demonstrated to be
equivalent, in terms of reducing
emissions of methylene chloride,
perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon
tetrachloride or chloroform to the
atmosphere, to those prescribed for
compliance within a specified
paragraph of this subpart. The
application must contain a complete
description of the equipment or
procedure and the proposed
equivalency testing procedure and the
date, time, and location scheduled for
the equivalency demonstration.
3. Appendix A is amended by adding
Method 307 to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 63—Test Methods
Method 307—Determination of Emissions
From Halogenated Solvent Vapor Cleaning
Machines Using • Liquid Level Procedure
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. This method is
applicable to the determination of the
halogenated solvent emissions from solvent
vapor cleaners in the idling mode.
1.2 Principle. The solvent level in the
solvent cleaning machine is measured using
inclined liquid level indicators. The change
in liquid level corresponds directly to the
amount of solvent lost from the solvent
cleaning machine.
2. Apparatus
Note: Mention of trade names or specific
products does not constitute endorsement by
the Environmental Protection Agency.
2.1 Inclined Liquid Level Indicator. A
schematic of the inclined liquid level
indicators used in this method is shown in
figure 307-1: two inclined liquid level
indicators having 0.05 centimeters divisions
or smaller shall be used. The liquid level
indicators shall be made of glass. Teflon, or
any similar material that will not react with
the solvent being used. A 6-inch by 1-inch
slope is recommended; however the slope
may vary depending on the size and design
of the solvent cleaning machine.
Note: It is important that the inclined
liquid level indicators be constructed with
ease of reading in mind. The inclined liquid
level indicators should also be mounted so
that they can be raised or lowered if
necessary to suit the solvent cleamr.g
machine size.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
BIUH3 CCOt e,S!. •>--»-
2.^ Homo,.;a! Indicator. Device to rhet.k
the inclined liquid level indicators
orientation rela'i .rc to honzor.ta!
2.3 Velocity Meter Hotwire ar.ri v.'iin1
rr.hcr
-v.pibit' of
measuring the flow rates ranging from 0 to
15 2 meters per minute across the solvent
cleaning machine
J Procedure
3 1 Connection of ihc Inclined Liquid
Level Indicator Connect one of the inchr.cj
liquid :"\el indicators to the boiling sump
drain a.-.d the other inclined liquid level
indicator to the immersion sump drain using
Teflon tubing and the appropriate fittings A
schematic diagram is shown in figure 30"-2
BILLING CODE 6560-SO-P
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday. December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61817
307-2. SOIMAI CIMW TMt S*tu>
SILUNO CODE C660-60-C
3.2 Positioning of Velocity Meter.
Position the velocity meter so that it
measures the flow rate of the air passing
directly across the solvent cleaning machine.
3.3 Level the Inclined Liquid Level
ii'riic.'.'.ors.
3.4 Initial Inclined Liquid Level Indicator
Headings. Open the sump drainage valves.
Allow the solvent cleaning machine to
operate long enough for the vapor zone to
i,irm and the system to stabilize (check with
nanufacturer). Record the inclined liquid
iuvel indicators readings and the starting
,-nc on the data sheet. A sample data sheet
i, jrovided in figure 307-1
i). i!
Length of boiling sump (SB), m (ft)
Width of boiling sump (WB).m(fO
Length of immersion sump (Si), m (ft)
Width of immersion sump (Wi), m (ft) I
Length of solvent vapor/air interface (Sv). m
(ft)
Width of solvent vapor/air interface (Wv), m
(ft)
\"!it type
xont density, g/m J (Ih/ft •)
Clock
time
Boiling
sump
reading
Immer-
sion
sump
reading
Flow rate
reading
Figure 307-3. Data sheut.
3.5 Final Inclined Liquid Level Indicator
Readings. At the end of the 16-hour test run.
check io make sure the inclined liquid level
indicators are level: if not. make the
necessary adjustments. Record the final
inchr.«'d liquid level indicators readings and
time
3.6 Determination of Solvent Vapor/Air
Interface Area for Each Sump. Determine the
area of the solvent/air interface of the
individual sumps. Whenever possible.
physically measure these dimensions, rather
than using factory specifications. A
schematic of the dimensions of a solvent
cluor.i:-^ machine is provided in figure 307-
4
BILLING CODE 6SCO-SO-4>
S!IL!NG CODE 6560-SO-C
•' Calculations
' 1 Nomenclature.
\,< = .irea of boiling sump interface, in2 (ft^)
'•., = area of immersion sump interface, m1
iri'J
V* = area of sol vent/air interface. mz (ft2)
1 = >!!r.ission rate, kg/m2-hr (Ib/fl-hr).
100.000 cm . g/m . kg for metric units
12 in./ft for English units.
= final boiling sump inclined liquid level
indicators reading, cm (in.).
- initial boiling sump inclined liquid
lovol indicators reading, cm (in.)
Li, = final immersion sump inclined liquid
level indicators reading, cm (in.).
Li, = initial immersion sump inclined liquid
level indicators reading, cm (in.).
Su - length of the boiling sump, m (ft).
Si = length of the immersion sump, m (ft)
Sv = length of the solvent vapor/air interface.
m(ft).
\VB = width of the boiling sump, m (ft).
W, = width of the immersion sump, m (ft)
Wv = width of the solvent vapor/air interface.
m (ft).
p = density of solvent. g/m3 (Ib/ft3).
0 = test time. hr.
4.2 Area of Sump Interfaces. Calculate thu
areas of the boiling and immersion sump
interfaces as follows:
AB = Si, U'n Eq. 307-1
Ac = S, W, Eq. 307-2
4 3 Artd of Solvent/Air Interface.
Calculate the area of the solvent vapor/air
interface as follows:
Av = S\ Wv Eq 307—3
4 4 Emission Rate. Calculate the emission
rate as follows-
E =
KAV0
Eq 307-4
-------
61818 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
4. Appendix B to Part 63 is revised to
read as follows
Appendix B—T*s» of Solvent Cleaning
Procedures
General Questions
1. What is the maximum allowable
speed for parts entry and removal?
A. 8.5 meters per minute (28 feet pet
minute).
B. 3.4 meters per minute (11 feet per
minute).
C 11 meters per minute (36 feet per
minute).
D. No limit,
2. How do you ensure that parts enter
B. So that the solvent pools in the cavities
where the din is concentrated.
C. So that solvent drains from them freely.
. 7. During startup, what must be
and exit the solvent cleaning machine at
the speed required in the regulation?
A. Program on computerized hoist
monitors speed.
B. Can judge the speed by looking at it.
C Measure the time it takes the parts to
travel a measured distance.
. 3. Identify the sources of air
disturbances.
A. Fans
B. Open doors
C Open windows
D. Ventilation vents
E. All of the above
4. What are the three operating
modes?
A. Idling, working and downtime
B. Precleaning, cleaning, and drying
C Startup, shutdown off
D. None of the above
. 5. When can parts or parts baskets be
turned on first, the primary condenser o-
the sump beater?
A. Primary condenser
B. Sump heater
C Turn both on at same time
D. Either A or B is correct
8. During shutdown, what must be
turned off first, the primary condenser or
the tump beater?
A. Primary condenser
B. Sump heater
C Turn both off at same time
D. Either A or B is correct
9. In what manner must solvent be
added to and removed from the solvent
cleaning machine?
A. With leak proof couplings
B. With the end of the pipe in the solvent
sump below the liquid solvent surface.
C So long as the solvent does not spill, the
method does not matter.
D. A and B
. 10. What must be done with waste
solvent and still and sump bottoms?
A. Pour down the drain
B. Store in closed container
C Store in a bucket
D. A or B
. 11. What types of materials are
removed from the solvent cleaning
machine?
A. When they are clean
B. At any time
C When dripping stops
D. Either A or C is correct
6. How must parts be oriented during
cleaning7
A. It does not matter as long as they fit in
the parts basket
prohibited from being cleaned in solvent
cleaning machines using halogcnated
HAP solvents?
A. Sponges
B. Fabrics
C. Paper
D. All of the above
Control Device Specific Questions
[ ] Freeboard Refrigeration Device
1. What temperature must the FRD
achieve?
A. Below room temperature
B. 50'F
C Below the solvent boiling point
D. 30 percent below the solvent boiling
point
[ ) Working-Mode Cover
2. When can a cover be open?
A. While parts are in the cleaning machine
B. During parts entry and removal
C. During maintenance
D. During measurements for compliance
purposes
E. A and C
F. B. C, and D
3. Covers must be maintained in what
condition?
A. Free of holes
B. Free of cracks
C So that they completely teal cleaner
opening
D. All of the above
[ ] Dwell
4. Where must the parts be held for
the appropriate dwell time?
A. In the vapor zone
B. In the freeboard area above the vapor
zone
C Above the cleaning machine
D. In the immersion sump
Answers
General Questions
l.B
2. A or C
3. E
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. B
11. D
Control Device Specific Questions
l.D
2. F
3. D
4. B
5. Appendix C is added to Part 63 to
read as follows:
APPENDIX C—GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABILITY TO SUBPART T
Reference
63.1 (a) (IH3)
M.Ha)(4) . . .
$3.1 (a)(5)
63.1 (a) (8H8)
63.1(a)(9)
63.1(a)(10)
63 1(a)(1U
63.l(a) (12H14) • -
63.1(b)f.>
63.1(b){?)
63.1(b)(?i
63.1(c)(1j
Applies to subpart T
BCC
Yes
Yes .
No
Yes .. .
No
Yes .
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
BVI
Yes.
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes .
No „
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Comments
Subparl T (this appendix) specifies applicability of each paragraph in subpart A to subpart T.
Subpart T allows submittal of notifications and reports through the U.S. mail, fax, and courier.
Subpart T requires that the postmark for notifications and reports submitted through the
U.S. mail or other non-Governmental mail carriers be on or before deadline specified in an
applicable requirement.
Subpart T specifies applicability.
Subpart T requires that a record ol nalogenated cleaning machine applicability determination
be kept on site for 5 years, or until the cleaning machine changes its operations. The
record shall be sufficient^ detailed to allow the Administrator to make a finding about the
source's applicability status with regard to subpart T
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 231 / Friday. December 2. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 61819
APPENDIX C—GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABILITY TO SUBPART T—Continued
Reference
63.1(0(2)
63.1 (C)(3)
63 1(C)(4)
63.1(C)(5)
63.1 (d)
63.1 (e)
63.2
63.3(aHc)
63.4(8) (1H3)
63.4(8)(4)
63.4(a)(5)
63.4{bHO
63.5(a)(1)
63.5(a)(2)
63.5(b)(1)
63 5(b)(2)
63.5(t»(3)
63 5(b)(4)-(6)
63 5(c)
635 (d)-(O
53 6(a)
636(b) (1)-(5)
63.6(b)(6)
63.6(b)(7)
636(c)(1)-(2)
63.6(0 (3)-(4)
63 6(0(5)
63.6(d)
636(e)(1}-(2) .. .
63 6(e)(3)
63.6(f)-(9)
63.6(h)
63.6(i) (1)-(14)
63.6(i)(15)
63.6(i)(16)
63.6(j)
637(a)
63.7(b)
63.7(0(1)
63.7(0 (2)-(3)
63.7(0(4)
63.7(d) ... .
63.7(e)
637(f)
Applies to subpart T
BCC
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
NO
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No .
No
Yes .
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes .
No
Yes .
No
Yes
No
Yes .. .
No
Yes
Yes
No
No ..
No ...
No
No ..
No
No
No ..
BVI
Yes -..
No
Yes
Yes .- ..
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
NO
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes . ..
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Comments
Subpart T, section 63.46(8)(h), indicates a Title V permit exemption lor halogenated HAP
batch cold solvent cleaning machines that are not major sources and not located at a major
source. This section also specifies a deferral from the requirement of a Title V permit for
owners or operators of solvent cleaning machines subject to subpart T provisions, other
than halogenated HAP batch cold solvent cleaning machines, that are not major sources.
and not located at a major source.
Subpart T does not require continuous monitoring systems (CMS) or continuous opacity mon-
itoring systems. Therefore, notifications and requirements for CMS and COM3 specified in
subpart A do not apply to subpart T.
Subpart T definitions (section 63.461) for existing and new overlap with the definitions for ex-
isting source and new source in subpart A (section 63.2),. Both subpart A and T also define'
Administrator.
Subpart T overrides the requirement for approval prior to constructing a new or reconstructing
an existing major source.
Subpart T overrides the requirement to submit an application for approval of construction or
reconstruction of a halogenated solvent cleaning machine.
Subpart T, section 63.460. specifies compliance dates.
Subpart " has the same requirements for affected halogenated HAP solvent cleaning ma-
chine bubcategories that are located at area sources as it does for those located at major
• sources.
Subpart T allows 3 years from the date of promulgation for both area and major existing
sources to comply.
Subpart T has the same requirements for affected halogenated HAP solvent cleaning ma-
chine subcategories that are located at area sources as it does for those located at major
sources.
Subpart T allows 3 years from the date of promulgation for both area and major existing
sources to comply.
Subpart T overrides the requirement of a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. Subpart T
specifies startup and shutdown procedures to be followed by an owner or operator for
batch vapor and in-line cleaning machines.
Subpart T does not require compliance with an opacity or visible emission standard.
Subpart T gives owners or operators the option to perform an idling emission performance
test as a way of demonstrating compliance. Other options are also available that do not re-
quire a performance test.
.This is only required for those owners or operators that choose the idling emission standard
as their compliance option.
This is only required for those owners or operators that choose the idling emission standard
as their compliance option.
Subpart T does not require a site-specific test plan for the idling emission performance test.
Subpart T does not require a performance test that involves the retrieval of gas samples, and
therefore this does not apply.
Requirements do not apply to the idling emission performance test option.
-------
61820 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 231 / Friday, December 2, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
APPENDIX C—GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABILITY TO SUBPART T—Continued
63.7(g) _
63.7(h)
63.8 (aHb)
63.8 (cHe)
63.8(0
63.8(g)
63.9(a) (1H4)
63.9(b)(1) ...
63.9(b)(2) .
63.9(bK3)
63.9(b)(4)
63.9(b)(5)
63.9(c) _
63.9(d)
63.9(e)
63.9'J)
63.9(g)(l)
C3.9(n)
63.9(0
63.9(j) . . .
63 10(3) . .
63 !0(b)
63.10(C) (1H15) • . •
63.lO(d)0)
63.10(d)(2)
63.10(e) (IH2) .
63 10(e)(3)
63.10(e}(-»>
63.10(f)
63.1i(a)
63.11(b)
63.12 (a)-(c)
63.13 (a)-(c)
63.14
63.l5(a)-(b)
Applies to subpart T
BCC
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No _..
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No _
Yes
No
No _
No .
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
BVI
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes _..
Yes
No
No _.
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No .._
Yes
Yes
No ....
Yes
Comment,
Subpart T specifies what is required to demonstrate Ming, emission standard compliance
through the use of the Environmental Protection Agency test method 307 and control de-
vice monitoring. Reports and records of testing and monitoring are required for compliance
verification. Three runs of the test are required for compliance, as specified in section
63.7(e) of subpart A.
Subpart T does not require the use of a performance test to comply with the standard. The
idling emission standard option (which requires an idling emission performance test) is an
rMnM flnr *^**^pJiafw^> fl^iiNfitv
Subpart T does not require the use ot continuous monitoring systems to demonstrate compli-
ance.
Subpart T does not require continuous opacity monitoring systems and continuous monitoring
systems data.
Subpart T includes all of those requirements stated in subpart A. except that subpart A also
requires a statement as to whether the affected source is a major or an area source, and
an identification of the relevant standard (including the source's compliance date). Subpart
T also has some more specific information requirements specific to the aifected source
(see subpart T, sections 63.468(a>-(b)).
The subpart A and subpart T initial notification reports difler (see above).
Subpart T does not require an application for approval of construction or reconstruction.
Under subpart T. this requirement only applies to ov.-ners or operators choosing to comply
with the idling emissions standard.
Subpart T does not require opacity or visible emission observations.
Subpart T does not require the use ol continuous monitoring systems or continuous opacity
monitoring systems.
Section 63.468 of subpart T requires an initial statement ol compliance lor existing sources to
be submitted to the Administrator no later than 150 days after the compliance date speci-
fied in section 63.460(d) ol subpart T. For new sources, this report is to be submitted to the
Administrator no later than 150 days from the date specified in section 63 460(c).
Recordkeeping requirements are specified in subpart T.
Subpart T does not require continuous monitoring systems
Reporting requirements are specified in subpart T
Subpan T does not require continuous emissions monitoring systems
Subpar! T does not require continuous monitoring systems
Subpart T does not require continuous opacity monitonng systems.
Flares are not a control option under subpart T
Subpart T requirements do itoi require the use of the test methods incorporated by reference
in subpart A.
BCC=Batch Cold Cleaning Machines.
BVUBatch Vapor and In-line Cleaning Machines
|FR Doc. 94-28974 1- sled K>--01-94. 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE (MO-tO-P
40CFRPart70
[AD-FRt-«1ie-2]
Clean Air Act Final Interim Approval
Operating Permits Programs in Oregon
AGENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final interim approval
SUMMARY: EPA is promulgating interim
approval of the operating permits
programs submitted by the Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality
(ODEQJ and Lane Regional Air Pollution
Authority (LRAPA) for the purpose of
complying with Federal requirements
for an approvablc State program to issue
operating permit"; tr> all major stationary
source?, and to certain other sources
-------
67750
Corrections
Federal Register
Vol. 59. No. 250
Friday. December 30. 1994
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER
contains editorial corrections of previously
published Presidential, Rule, Proposed Rule,
and Notice documents. These corrections are
prepared by the Office ot the Federal
Register. Agency prepared corrections are
issued as signed documents and appear in
the appropriate document categories
elsewhere in the issue.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Office of the Secretary
Civilian Health and Medical Program of
the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS);
FY95 DRG Updates; Correction
Correction
In notice document 94-28985
appearing on page 60613 in the issue of
Friday, November 25.1994, make the
following correction:
On page 60613. in the third column.
in the SUMMARY, in the second line
and in the second paragraph, in the first
line. "51994" should read "51944".
BILLING CODE 1U6-01-D
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Department of the Army
Corps of Engineers
Intent to Prepare a Draft Environmental
Impact Statement (DEIS) for Clean
Water Act Section 404 Permit
Application by Crandon Mining
Company to Construct and Operate the
Crandon Mine in Forest County,
Wisconsin
Correction
In notice document 94-30820
appearing on page 64652, in the issue of
Thursday, December 15,1994, make the
following corrections:
On page 64652. in the second column,
under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:, in
the second paragraph, in the ninth line,
"Department" should read
"Development".
On the same page, in the third
column, under SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION:, in the first full paragraph,
in the second line, "1966" should read
"1996".
•ILLMG CODE 1MS-01-0
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Energy Information Administration
Agency Information Collection Under
Review By the Office of Management
and Budget
Correction
In notice document 94-29965
appearing on page 62721 in the issue of
Tuesday, December 6,1994, make the
following corrections:
1. On page 62721, in the first column,
under DATES, beginning in the Hist line,
"within 30 days of publication of this
notice." should read "on or before
January 5,1995.".
2. On the same page, in the second
column, under SUPPLEMENTARY '
INFORMATION, in the first paragraph,
2. should read "FERC-525".
BILLING CODE 1S06-01-D
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY1. " . .
40CFRPart63
[AD-FRL-5111-3] ~ - - -
BIN 2060-AC31 -
National Emission Standards for -
Hazardous Air Pollutants: Halogenated
Solvent Cleaning
Correction
In rule document 94-28974 beginning
on page 61801, in the issue of Friday.
December 2.1994, make the following
correction: ' ' •
§63.460 [Corrected]
On page 61806. in the first column, in
§63.460 (d). in the sixth line, after the
word "than" insert "December 2.1997."
BILLING CODE 1SOS-01-O
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Bureau of Land Management
43 CFR Public Land Order 7087
[AK-*32-4210-06; AA-58075]
Partial Revocation of Secretarial Order
Dated January 22,1940, as Modified;
Alaska
Correction' . ' ..!'..
In rule document 94-23403 beginning
oh page 48568. in the issue of Thursday.
September 22.1994. make the following
correction: " ...
On page 48568. in the third column,
above the signature, insert "Dated:
September 9.1994."
BILLING CODE 1M3-01-D
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APPENDIX I
APPENDIX I
EPA REGIONAL OFFICE
CONTACT PHONE NUMBERS
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX I
Guidance Document/als. 118
-------
APPENDIX I
The contact phone number for the EPA Regional Office where your state or territory
resides is listed in the following table:
Region
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
States
CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VI-
NT, NY, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
DE, MD, PA VA WV, District of Columbia
AL, FL, GA KY, MS, NC, SC, TN
IL, IN, MI, WI, MN, OH
AR, LA NM, OK, TX
IA KS, MO, NE
CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY
AZ, CA HI, NV, American Samoa, Guam
AK, ID, WA OR
Telephone
(617) 565-4180
(212) 637-4249
(215) 597-3237
(404) 347-2864
(312) 353-8615 (IL and IN)
(312) 886-5031 (MI and WI)
(312) 886-7017 (MN and OH)
(214) 656-7547
(913) 551-7960
(303) 293-1886
(415) 744-1143
(206) 553-1949
Guidance Document/als. 118
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-453/R-94-081
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Guidance Document for Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP
5. REPORT DATE
April 1995
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emission Standards Division
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Director
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Air and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/200/04
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Work Assignment Manager: Paul Almoddvar (919) 541-0283; Deborah Elmore (919) 541-5437
16. ABSTRACT
This document provides guidance to owners and operators of halogenated hazardous air pollutant
solvent cleaners on how to comply with the requirements of the National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air pollutants for halogenated solvent cleaning.lt includes sections on rule applicability, final
rule requirements, and alternatives to halogenated solvent cleaning. In addition, this document contains
example reporting forms, example recordkeeping forms, and EPA regional office contact phone
numbers.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSAT1 Field/Group
Air Pollution
Guidance Document
Hazardous Air Pollutants
National Emission Standards
Solvent Cleaners
Air Pollution control
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
189
20. SECURITY CLASS (Page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2Z20-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITIONIS OBSOLETE
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