EFAB

     L. WwsnB












          v.
           P.
Hooonbfe Sttptai Oaldnwtt
Honawbte Maynanl tekioa
      W, Bwgur
     H. Buteber

     M.
     L. Cooper
Michael Ciutey
Peter M. Emersod
Dtwota Ferns
      D. Qwdnw
            Hiil
     B.
    ?.
Robert O, Leant
    M. Lick  *
rtiisrtra L-MosSsy
     V. Fed MM
      A.
     A, RaMto
     L.
Roben P. Sehwim
Km i, TOBB
     W.
    F.
       Wtllten
M«iy    WMtwonh
N«3
     L. Yotntg
      Ytel!
                                                                          Wo, 2
    «-•», ,\
                                             ** **    & ^ 1 »  1'
                                            £ Vv^'^ti
                                            ^'^•'^V^
                                            "/ \ :W^':*-.
                                            <  • • • *2v4«* »/
              TO THE
This report has not been revfewed for approval by the
U.S, Environmental Protection Agency;- and hence, ttte views
and -opinions expressed in the report do not necessarily
represent those of the Agency or any other agencies in the
Federal Governrnent.
                            1996


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                                                                    to 
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                                OF
F,  HOUSTON                                     ................................... 23
   I. Overview ............................... -,.,..,.........,..,.............,..,,..;,. 23
  -2                          ........... r ....".."..,....,...,......,.........,......., 23
   j, FAe                                           ..,..,..,.,,..,,«.,...,,,,,..'.... 23
   4,                                       .........	............................ 24

IV. FINDINGSANDRECOMMENDATIONS..................................:. 25

A.                                                    AND THE                ... 25
   I, £2€C                               ,.....,,,.....,..,..	,.,...,..,,.,....,. 25
   1 Bmwnftelds Recognized As A Barrier to EZ/ECDevelopment .............................. 25
   J.		........:...•...........,.,',..,... 25 '
   4,                                             .................,..'...,,.......... 26
   I                             [[[ 26
B.  USB THE               TO                                            .......... 27
   /.                                         To         ............................ 27
   2, WorkWuhEMECsToEmunABmwnfle^Focm	 27
   J.                                                      ........................... 28
   41                             ffMt                           ................... 28

¥.  BIBLIOGRAPHY[[[ 29

A.                                      ...............................'............... 29
                                                          ......................... 31

VI                                                                                32

A.                        [[[ 32
B.  SUPPLEMENTAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES	.....32

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                                                      to tht

BACKGROUND

                  and                                     and         to
         the                                  or                      and
              that           real or                                    The
      and     of               as "torownfidds", would                  and
                                     It                                as
               are       in



                     at            for                              In the
      of the                                                         TMs
                                      that     to                and
        for                            to                 and to
                          in this                  as     for          and
                            for



                                      in the                            to
                                 and
                             . Sk                                     to
     case
              Los              City, and

FINDINGS



»     The                                             that     be     for
                       and

•     All                                          as  a       to
                 in at          part of     EZ or 1C,

«                                                on the      to
             on           and    or        to use the               to


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•                  that had                            In
                              to              to use
                 for

«                   to be         to          and






•                         on the                  and                   of the
                      by                                     and
             to

•     The                                  the          in               and
                             to                t
                          as

»     BPA       to the                                                   for
                      in                     also
      to                            in     that

•     He                              and                    in
     ,                    aid              to
           and                  and                   the


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                                                            to tite
                               I.
A.

              the       of                             in the 1970s,
                             our        air,        and      in               As
                        and                           of this           has
                                             and                    in our
                 and                  to           the
                    or                   and                that           real
or                                                         as "brownfields", and
            and      would:

       8
       »                           and
       »                         and       tax        (as     as     tax
                                on

            the         and                     of                         are
                to the             It are not.                  and
cite two              the                   of               — a lack of
        and                      In       It Is the     of
the                                  the
             and       Act           that has      as a             to
                         and the        artd

       At the root of tie         are                                   and the fact
that                                     for site                     the     for
                      his led to               and                any
            site,      of          be                           This
In turn, has                the     of        as the               of the
    and the              on the part of the
the      risk      be                                  that
       it as             risk             to                              his also
           to                 and               has

       As a                to         and                                  and
                       on         and                             by
are not          The             has                            are
           and                   to               and       city               to
           'In             this                      acts as i     on


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                                               and tax                      the
                           the           site and the cost of              to the
city or     as it         a    of the public

                                 and
           ate
                           is the        of



B.

                        on             to
       the        of the
         The                      and                   (HUD) has the lead for
the          of this

       «              that    to                              are key     for a
                         and

       «                  for

                 the         of tins      is to                  and to
the                          to           k the EZ/EC         can      as lest
         for             and                                  for


       Put 1 of the              the                         how           may
be     and          the                             ffl        six
                          to
a role in                            and          and if so,

       The       of                case        Is to                 the
                          part of                                       and to
           the          is
         the                                or           to pay  for
              as      of                     be       for

       The            ato           the                in      to
      they      bad on toe                      to
      with        and                for      that    and
to                     on                               the


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           II.                  OF THE




A.

      The"        EZ/EC               to                         and
           by                                       physical,
          and               and                                     and the


                           has an             to the              of
            The                 will
                         and                       to
     will          and                               and         and
a       of                         bond op for     own
          will
                         aid


B.

                          and                               and          to
                                For                               and
include:

      »          for               for


      •                     in


      »                   in           for
                            the                         and
                  and

      •                  to                       and the use of

                             all of the       .and                 to


      *                   to


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      *   an                   for                    in      or
          the      and

      «          179 tax          for                       the


C.

                                                                   that
      Ip     to'                                       to        any one of the


      I;          or                             to                or
                          or     ofc£



      «                    and.                               that        on
                             and
                  and job,                 md

      8         programs that                                or            to
                              for                   youth, or
          or

      »        k the         of          aid                 for
        •                and

      2.*          or                                          or           qf




      «                    to                       and            aid
                  so       wffl be able to
                      for                            in
                     and          that will         mdlvidual              and
          the        of the           or

      "«                to               and           for
          mod       in                           or              of
                                    and


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     3:         or       the               or                      and
      to                        or preserve,            or



      «                 for          or                  and
         and                 tot                          for
         ind        and             or

      •                   that                       of
                                                   and         for
         ad

      A                      a                                as        the
            of     2 by                and            for
and       via                        to toe             of
                              ise      EZ/EC      for          of         if
                                          will     the                     as
    as     an                        was not                  a
                    an                             are            of
that the          not be     for,

      *             or              or                      can be        by


      »                      to           for           or     and

      »                       to          as a

      »                      for            and

      »                        to

      The                         be              the         He
                to              a                              2     of the
                                                                  mot
                                              are        to       that
                  will                       on      use of

      HUD has                                                           of
              to                  aid                       HUD Is
         to                                          108             which*
                  to            for                    at


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                             not      all of            '108 loan
                      them to       their                as           In the
 of a lean        the                      to      the loan
                                           to risk                  with      to
               To     a                 to            to      this           is
                     to use            108                        can       an
 EDI       For         if a                 a $22                 It
• to use at     $22 million of       108             to use the EDI

       In         each                            plan             the
                 any                 in         .of
           and                   of the                  are           to find
     to link                    in              In            the
 my not fit      the        of                        IB
 are           to        the        as               of       and to.        the
                    or                             to use the
                     by                         wffl      the           to ink
                              to

       In            the                      not         any
           for                                        can                 "for
           in one of

     ~ •             of EZ/EC            to                          in
                             for                      a       by

       «  Use                                          and               108
          loan       for                         or

       •                for
          the                        to
 D.                    AND

       The                                           Force, an
      up         USDA,      and                                will be
     (he                   to                        for
 an                 can use the             a               for the first two
 of its              be                                                    and
        for            and            all                      for            in
 the            the             is         by tie          the
 or                    wffl be able to       the
                                  ,

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                                                     to	
      EZ/EC          are        to                     to MJD's      of
                   aid                                   on
          by                                          will           any
           to the           that the                             Task
      over the       of the              of the             to            of-
                   and
E.
SELECTIONS

                                                                    on


      •
      «
      8                                  or
      *
      In                          the         of sk
        He six                             are:

      •
      •
      «
      «•         and
      •                  and                      and
      8                         and

      Two                                                          wffl
                                                 tot will not be       for
the              as                             are;

      *   the     of Los        aid Los                and
                  and
      •   the     of         and

                                               also       •      wffl
              in the use of HUD                                   and are
      for

      •           San         and
      •


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       »                       and       City,        and
       8

       A     of 60                                        are        in the list
       up          A).

            the                          his
               and the                 to                          aid turn
into           for                             than                  la      to
use the                        each                         plan         by the
Task-Fence.

       For                    of the                           still to the
       of this                        _      all of the
            on the          tat they                       with the
of        the                         As a                        that
a                       had to                  and                     to the
            wffl                on

                                                      that            to
                      and                                                   or
                       they     be                 that the          had
                                         on
     and                In feet, now tint the          had             and
       was                                   that               and
          up to                       or to                of             in the


                       did not      an            or              to        the
                                        t                       the
was            .Due to the             for                                 this
                             t                      of       This too
       of a

              to the                 the             of the
        in                                 nd
                         to         in                            to
          of                                            to
          No                      "up aid          and no             had
         by  the                  as of My 1995.


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III.                                                     OF
                                                      to          if and


      9
      8
      «       York City;
      »  Los
      »         City;
      * "
      »          aid
      8

      The fat sk of                                              to
            was      if          of           in                 and
                        to                            was      to        the
    of                       to                     also
     or                         had       in                             and
                      as the                was                     they, were
                  of the               be     to                  in the future.
A,

                  that  the             of                  Is        to
              the city's                                              to Its EZ
                          to          and                          to
                to                              this                      EZ
            tie                  by the                                    to
              of                         in the                       that site
           wffl be i key       of the     EZ

1.

                 the     of         his     a      for              and

md                               and               the last 25
       has        in the                      in                     a
tax     and a                 of


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                                                          IP jfte
      As a       of this                              EZ
                 In the             aid the             of
      aid                           are                   with          and
                       In         the          had          for           of
                  World     n, as well as the                     of
                     led to                    and
         in the

                     In                             common
                                                    the               rate in
         a     with one of the                 in the          The
a        of CERCUS1 and                    that are       by              and
                             as                        FMCS
     and                                     aie           or       to


2*

      Hie                                had          of the            site
        for            The           had                   a              of
            ~
                                    and                  to
       Tills        group        a                                        one
of the 50                                              U.S.  EPA.      of the
                           was a                      to        the
aid                   of                     the

3.

                                                    Is a
                   to        the             of the
to               fte City                    the             is  the          for
             the                   The            is a
          of                                                  and
                      EPA,' HUB, and            all            in the
        for the                              thai                 in the
                        the             of           and
1  A CEHCIJS site is a site that Is        of           and,       to EPA by the
            or a           Under CERCLA,              a 1st             1st is
             the                               % el or           an Dot
                                not       in tie


                                                                          10

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3.1.
                                      a         to       an
    flat wffl      as a        for                                             in
the                  i                        to
                                         to      In the     as the
             had       to         a        of its CAR         to        ofls and
             in                  in         and        all              the
            will         the     for                    in the      and


                                 had      a          to                   to the
                         use and the      of                of this
                       and                                          be       to
the      While                for the     had not                         of the
      will                 the             of the                   or
                     the                     as

3.2.
       The                        a        for the             of the
         and                                           of the             be to
        aid                    that has                                      The
                                      and                   or      to
                   or               in the                    The Trust
            title to a                                           and        for
                      of the               one of            of

       «                                          -   -
       *  the        of a             tax                                    and
                     the
       •  the                  or
       8         or

       Hie Trust      not         to my site        on EPA's
(NFL).  For                          ask EPA and
to       i               the                  to          that              not
        put of         as     as the                        He            of the
      Is        to               my              or         of
            the                       any     or                          the
        CBRCLA
1 It Is             this tax          be    by the                     Trait, and
tills tax.     w             or an                  the EZ/EC       is             lie



                                                                            11

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                          two              the"          of the             by
        the      of        and                                   be
to                the EZ.          the            be an                 in the
             of non-NPL            and             to          the
           and                                       of

      He                 be               $1        to                 that
      be      to               and                    I and       n CBRCLA
             In                $500S000 per     of                  be     to
       site          for                   He                  be         on
a 2; 1     by city                      and              in the
plan                   to       a     for            the     two       It was not
yet             the                        tie                to be       by


4.

               was                 the          and      to die
to                          The       .of the
                            the         of the
      that site           and                  t      at a           in EZ/EC
                The            of     to toe                               the
     to               on                           this EPA           and the
                      the                     will                   and
                                 not -used to                          in the

                      • Ttte
                              tie                         and the

                      The               of                          to use the
EZ/EC            as           for ts                          is         and
         did mot       to use
              in the              the
       in two            the                                  that
        to             in the                                             the
                 to               and the          for             that
                  may help                            for
                                                                          12

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1. Overview

      The                                            of two              in
                           and                                           of
                   The                        also fall      two
programs.

      a) X                                                               to
                  in                                             low
                      and land tax                                  real
         tax                          and
      b)-X                 and                          the
                           by the
         (PIDC), a                              by the city to
                                   Is a           of the      the     and the
                      and        the EZ/EC

2.

      He           city            the                      and the      ran
a                      that                    for          to        For this
         the city and the PIDC                       their
      and                                                           and city
      the               the     and                  that may       Its
                          and                                Tie MDC
the land and     fart of the        for                     The HDC        in
     30 land     per                  50 to 60                  are
             For         in the                      the               for an
       of       per             the            Is         per      In
the     is             the                           to          the
             to        and             to flat

      The                 that PIDC had            in the         had
          and                                     and
EPA, the U.S.            of          and the               of
          To     this              was      to
to                            For         two           the PIDC         a
       of a site               by          Oil.  The PIDC                city
                       and the                  and         an           that
       the                                  as    as the site was       to an
                              the            to                       to
off' on                      to
                                                                        13

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 3. He

       The city             in        aid             with the help of the
            the lead to             the EZ          He        .was       by a
 of city         who                               to
 and          the                                         had also
 with the     to spur up to $1       in                   and                    had
       t                  in

       The          was        by               into


       *
       •
       *         and                  aid
       »         and


                              on an                    it would be        by the
        and                               A          of that            said  tint
            and                    had pot               yet,      the
 the                          was no              on the EZ                or
                       If                         to      this       be         in
 the         Hie                    that     did not       to
 to                         they            to         the      to help
 a                                  and felt that             for
               to     a few
        i
       The             wffl     the                          .

       •   Job

       «                                                     on       to
                                 for
       «                                   the 26                    in 'the
           To     high-quality                to

       «                                that
           the

                                                                  on
.             if a              this
                                                                 *           14

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3.1.
                                   will        a community            financial
                    as                TMs      will               in

                    and                                     -be      to
                       or            of       or                           met
                       be         for               as     as
to a                    or                                    of           will
                 projects,

3.2.
      PEDC had                 in             the                        the
            tat       that it was too      to tell how           the
      to            The      tad             a      of                    IRS
          for         in the     and            to     on

4,       The                 To

                     the                            and the
not               and           no      to use                        for site
                                  did     in     of the

      «                        by                in the                   the
                       to                          on                  •

      »                                        in

      *   The                                by tie
          on site             and

      8                   by the                                    of
          for
e

      The          City EZ had a        of
           He                                        the          but      of
         toe                  and                      law              as the
             to                                               EZ         was
     to its                      all                     the     that the
      help                               and
                                                                           15

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                                                           to ite
 1.

       The           City                                       'of
           and the              The                       is a
 community,                are                  and                 The
                              a        of                      that
             as            for                 The                      of the
                  in                 a            mk of
 and

       The              in the
                            and auto             The                    in the
            part of the      are                                   and
                   of      York.

 2,

       the
 had            to tfie pa by                             to this past        md
 to  the                    in the             .the             was           to
                                      use.  In      the       of 60        of
 Yoric's                     in the           had also       an
                        in the      Oa a 2.5                  of the
,         in the             for                   25                          —
 one for            of a              In          the
                        a                         hid       the
         'to                  The area        at     5                      of
                The                                     was                to
               for        up           but had               by    of       and
 the

       An                 was that the        sold
                          the                 use to the     —
 One      ate, die                   as the                                  and
 was                to that use by a                      of
         for            on this  site.  The                        to          the
 site into a                                   be               the
 on the          use.     to a         of                            for the
      city              was        in                       A            not be
         for the site,          in          due to the
 and the
                                                                           16

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                                                            to UK
3.. The

                      EZ        was-                 in the                 and
                    of the      by                                    the
                          Zone                           and-  the
                                                the                          the
                           was                  for the EZ         and     did
not     any

               the                                    plan did not
                    to be          the            was         at the          to
         a             site into a                   The               site,
as the                                but the     of               and the
                       In the        the                      at the          to
                   is

       The                          was in Its                 and was
         plan due to the        in                 may also             of
          to the           So far,      had                no            by
                       and

4.
                                                                             *
                            and the                                   as
by the              the                to                           in the  NYC
                            to be      of       *         the              did' not
              for any                          it was not
the EZ               be               for this          If
the           be     to        the key         that



       The Los                     EZ                      aid              as
key         to                             to the            and
          to         the        of                              1987,  the     has
     a                                     in a               that also
          for                         In that       the city had               of
                            that                       in the                 no
                    had               to         this           The
                                  as     as the
for                         had               to the      and       as a
for the City to
                                                                   *          17

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                                                         to the
1. Overview      _                                          •

               in the Los                                       are       the
            to                               air                         and
            soil.  Tfae'area           and                       and
                    that                                      and
               and                            in the
     are       or                                                 and
an                 for the community.

2«

      Los         had no         that
       they            to       an         for an


3, The

      The                                    was                  by the city
       the           of                       and the Mayor's Office. The
has     a     of                       for      a         The City        to
u» the        EDI             by the
to                                    which      be ran by the
All           of the         wffl be                 the Division of         and -
                     in the            of

      Hie            for the                                              an
           to         the         of                      . The              a
                                    -

   «          a                 force,          of
                  and city                               to        a        to
              the       of                in all EZs and ECs, This        could
                                   for
             for             as          and               and           of a
                           for the        of                    .  •

   •       a      for         owners from CERCLA lability for
               to    with               for which a
      would be difficult or Impossible to locate;      •                 _

   •                       the                  to                 of
    -           CERCLA        for         on
                                                                       '  18

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   •          and submit an           for the U.S. EPA'S        pilot brownfields
                                 to                and         in the        of
                   sites.to       them to           use;

   *                  of             property in          low-cost      for the
             of            sites     the
      (This        wil be                by       in a
      on                                         techniques.);

   «         a job                 In site             and        the          of
                                                     to
            the         protocol

4.

      The Los                                                had          site
           in its                  and        to          of the
to       site                           no                   in the     had
                         of an EPA                                    and EDI
            It              the                                              to
     on             site            to
E.

      The        City                                       to use the EZ/EC
                  to                    in              First, it         EZ/EC
                              by                  of                      that
                              It                    a                     that
     use this         to                                     FinaEy, the
       of the                                     to use     of the EZ/EC-rdated
                                        for                         Where site
             was a key             to                                        to
                 of               OE a

1, Overview-

      The      City,          and       City,
           (EEC)                             in toe      of            The
                          and                with                         and
                                As      to the                     plan,
to                          on                had              by the
        •
                            Jtoon?                    •                      19

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                                                           to the
       *                     or

       »           to                                                     due to
                            and

       ^                for       that tack the                        to
                   and

       «  .      of resources for        and

2.

       As                                          had
           site         and                     city and
                                   to                   to
city                of      in             City is not as             to
        as in                is            or           City.            the city
                                   to                 to

                                       did not                 in          but
                              If a site.       for                    to be a.
      or                    the city         the
and                     It to a                         was                 the
                        to      for an

3,

                       was run by a
                                                         and
               was,       by tie                              a
The        was       by the                    to          .the
far, tie                               HUD,       and       No             was
         It          as the EEC's        for                    is

3.1.
                       for the
         that        brownfields:

       *
       •
       *                                and
       •                            '
                                   "                                        20

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                                                            lo jfte
                            The                          the
                     by                   of                        that
                                                     that "in the
             or         of                 aid                  to
and        of                                         all                  to be
       to        of the

                                A                                           be
         by a       of               up of                         and
          that                         toe        The      would be
           to       the        or        title to
that can        be           .or       up by               due to     of
                         of                           all or     of
       fa the         in          for
                       to        Its     risk         and to          Its       to
       the                  of          via                  and

                                                                       be
up of                       to                                  for          and
                on          The             be        to
         to                     and                     by         or        to
                   The                                     as

       •             that        a                        or       risk •— i.e.,


       *                                for          or        and

       •                            to       an
                             or     and

                                                                  be      ip of
                     to                       the            of a
       to                                           be
               the                   that the
                                          be          in part by         fees for


       The             was                for the             of an
                an                       The            was still
               be                 the             of                         No
                      had               for any of


-------
                                                           to Ae
 3.2

                          had         two                to be
                       site                      the:

       8                              and
       *            &               and

                             The                             of a
      and                                        by the              City,
         and the       'City                                         (HBDC)."
 The            site        of 20            the                of the

 allotted for site       and                   The                          was
 as follows:

       *                               the
       <"  $7,1
       8
       »                                                       ,   •

                 and                                        He 63 acre      .
       will        8                         Hie             wffl    $27.7
             $1.6              to                                   funds
               for this     Tie Ml

       «  $11,8                     and
       •  $1.45            and
       •
       *
       •  $7.1               108.

 4. Using He                To

                                                                    to
•            As the                    its plat to      the                   that
            an                                                  It was not
      and                          be          If no          can be
         the           wffl        to                                     in Its
         Mi to                              to                             as
 part of                       as the                     and the •     and Indiana
         and
                                           *                               22

-------
                                                           » Ote
F.

               no                    bid               in the
                     two                                       and the
      —           to                                     this               to
             the  city was              Its
        to             and                                                and
                   by                           in the             had
the city to                 a      of its

1.

            the     60                          has               by the
             as                         and
                  may          a               to            in the
                   to the                                   are
"Hie few                      in the           — the                    and the
             -                               At the     of the
the       of                and the      of

2.

      The    had               to                         and to
                 in                                               and the
        the city was                         on            and        to
a       for                                         and                   The
city tad also       for, and has             an
                                                           /"
3.                                                         '

      The EEC         was                 by the Mayor's            a
               of             in the               The               was in the
       of           a                     that will          be the
             toe     of        will        to        the                   had
             that it              a $22                      the             and
               on use of                    At that      the         wffl
             to                       the                 108              and
the           wfll be


                            I3*AS had                 and           to the EEC
program.
                                                                           23

-------

4.       Tie                 To

           the EZ/EC        and the                        in a
                         was                on         or                 to
                    and      of                       the
               it will be         to                 the                wll be a
     or               for          site             EPA's
the                              that                          in the
                                                                         24

-------

             IV.              AND
A.                                                            AND THE


1.

      The
         that     be     for the        and              of                The


      »                                                            to
                        and

      •           of       in                                       the U.S.
                    of       and

      «                      for
                   the  U.S.              of          Mid
                                       and Its        108             and

      «                  in the             of          and use of     under


2,                       As A        To

      All of the                                                as a        to
           in at        of           or                                  that
     sites                      and         cost       on

3.

                           01 the      to               or         to use the
               to                         fell into

      *              that              or             of          and did not
                              to                                        will
                  use                               for                   or
                        —                    and Los

      «              that          of                  and had      to
               but will use                for                        and not the
        .                —                    and     YoA; and
                                                                         25

-------

     .  •               that           of            had       to             and
                 to use the                as a              for
                 —        City and                    -      .

4.                  Key To             -

                         tint had                          to the
                          to              to use                             for


5,
                                                     \

                           the         was in            EZ/EC
the Idea of                             for                 and          in
                                  the      that the                   and
                  that is         to         of the               will
to        and                      of funds in        and
OF TO
City/
Metropolitan
• •
Existing
Program?
-
Brownfields?
EPA
Prominently
in
-
Program?
for Site
Remediation?
Applying
for Pilot
Program
Grant?

GA
MD
New York, NY
Philadelphia!
N/A
NO
YES
YES
N/A
YES
NO
NO
N/A
YES
NO
NO
N/A
YES
NO
NO
N/A

N/A
N/A

Los
CA
NO
YES
N/A
N/A '
YES'

MA
City
CKS./MG)
"DC
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
N/A
NO
r~"^^^~
YES
YES
r~~^"^~"
N/A
YES
YES
N/A » not

                                                                            26

-------

1.


      As       by the                                              the EZ/EC
        ran be      for                            the          are not a
for the                                        that the                    the
        are too        to                         the                       a
                                   in the       Yet the                 of the
                                               in the     of
If                          in                      can         on this
to                            of

      To                 to           this           EPA


      •  Tie                       and           to
      «  Work            EZs/ECs         a                 in
      •                           for                        in          and
      «                     in                              aid

1.                       and                     to

                        that EPA               on the           and
               by the EZ/EC        Is by
to                 For         EPA                             to
              that              in                             is the
                                                 to                   EZ/EC
                 In                as the
                      to                   for        to          The
      also     to          air,      and                   for

2.

      EPA                  in the                        by          them OE
     to use the         and                   the               for
            For                       a              to        the
                     the               with                  to        a land
               (as         by          tnd       City). He
                aid use           to      it up to an                   The
                      and     it to                     be
     the                           by      The                 the

                   to                  on how to      and           a
                                                                •         27

-------
3.                               for                   in

       The                         that                             to
                 can      out tfhis        by                    that
                  and            the                           The
                the        as      to                                      wiM
be           to                    and                        be

       The
                   16,       also                         that      be        by
                   to

       «                     XL,  a         that will                   by
                    to               of                            and
                                         flat        in
       «                                                (which      be      for

       •                                     on
       «             the use of risk           in
       8
       *            the use of                   and
        '               '                       "
       •                    for                   and
         -          -                                    MCRA
                     and
    .   *                        of                                  to
                             and                          at the

                also                          on the    of
it                              For                   not               the use
of                  for          or           real               It Is     in the
       of                                                           t
that       to use                to         and                              a
                                   that           tills       on a

4.                       in
                                              i
       By                to          EPA can test           for
             The                 Is a               for     to
         and                               as             and      to
             aid              of the
and                          in the               ate be
       the           The             and                                  and
                                 to                 in
                                                                           28

-------

                            .
A.

                T.,                 Left Off the
          Vol. 10, No, 28, p. 17,       14, 1994.


                         of                 Vol. 19, No.  14,

     Out to                                                               3,
p. 1, May 24, 1994.

                4                                a           
-------

               P. "The             of the            of the
                                   Vol. 76 No. 8» pp.

                 D.                        to
                                                            8,        4:
 337,          1994.

 He           on the                                         and
                                           Sic                     and
                          ffte                                  1994,

 The           on the                                         aid
 for                                                and
 1994.  '

 U.S.                                        5,                 J
         Juae 30,

 U.S.                                to the                L.               of
                                >Ut        on dte


 U.S.                                to


 U.S.                                   to


• U.S.                               to
         ./for                   o/       U.S.


 U.S.                              to
      and                          Sire


 U.S.
                         1995.


                          •

               R.  and             B,                     and               to
                                     and the                 of
                              §»         4:

                                                                           30

-------

              E.»
                      ¥oi 16, No. 11, p, A6»       21,
B.

U.S.            of          and                    and U.S.             of
                     of                   and
     and                         7     Part 25 and 24     Part 597,


U.S.            of          and                    and U.S.             of


U.S.            of          and                    and U.S.             of
                                                                        31

-------

     VL
A.

Geoisia
Illinois

Michigan

Jersey
City

Atlanta

Biltimore


Camden
1.
                                                 City

                                               Los
 Ohio
C.


                                      San


         -
                              Kansas City

                              Houston

                                                                      32

-------

D.
	 '^^________
Arizona
Arkansas
California
California
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Connecticut
Delaware

Florida
Florida

Illinois
Illinois
Indiana


Louisiana
Louisiana

Massachusetts
_____________^___ 	 ___
Phoenk


San
San
City and
Bridgeport


Washington

Tampa
Albany
Saint
Springfield

Des
Louisville


Lowell
jSping!^^

                                                                        33

-------


State
Michigan
Minnesota
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri

Nevada

New

t
.
New York


Ohio
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
PermsytYania

_______ „_,_ 	 	 	 ,Q%_ 	 .^_ 	
___ _
. •
Mnneapois
Paul

Louis and

Las




Buffalo

Rochester
Charlotte
, '



Harrisburg

Providence

34

-------

D.
_ 	 	 ^j*tate 	
Carolina
Tennessee
Tennessee
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Washington

Wisconsin
Charleston

Nashville
Dallas
.
San
Waco
Ogden

Norfolk
Seattle

Huntingtoi


                                                                         35

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