660274024 364 1974 NEPIS online hardcopy LM 20140102 single page tiff EPA -660/2-74-024 April 1974 Environmental Protection Technology Series ivestock and the Environment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 image: ------- RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES Research reports of the Office of Research and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad categories were established to facilitate further development and application of environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields. The five series are: 1. Environmental Health Effects Research 2. Environmental Protection Technology 3. Ecological Research 4. Environmental Monitoring 5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and demonstrate instrumentation, equipment and methodology to repair or prevent environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards. image: ------- EPA-660/2-74-024 April 1974 LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT A Bibliography with Abstracts by Ralph H. Ramsey, Ph.D. Animal Wastes Technical Information Center School of Environmental Science East Central State College Ada, Oklahoma 74820 Project Officer R. Douglas Krels Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory P. 0. Box 1198 Ada, Oklahoma 74820 Grant No. R801454-01 Program Element 1BB039 Prepared for OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 For isle by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 13.50 image: ------- EPA Review Notice This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii image: ------- ABSTRACT Management and research information on animal wastes has expanded rapidly in recent years. This material has appeared in diverse sources such as journal articles, papers published as conference proceedings, university or government publications, magazine articles, books or book chapters, and theses. This bibliography Can updated and revised extension of the BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT EPA-R2-72-101 which was published by J. R. Miner, D. Bundy, and G. Christenbury at Iowa State University) was compiled in order to speed the flow of information on findings in one segment of the livestock industry to other segments that could benefit from this technology. Included in this publication are the following indexes: (1) title, (2) author, (3) keyword, (4) animal information categories. These indexes are followed by a section of abstracts of each reference entry found in the bibliography. Single copies of most articles can be obtained in hard copy or microfiche form at cost from the Animal Waste Technical Information Center, School of Environmental Science, East Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma 74820. This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number R801454 by the School of Environmental Science, East Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency. The work was completed as of January 31, 1974. image: ------- CONTENTS Section Page I Introduction 1 II User's Guide 3 III Bibliography 7 IV Author Index 71 V Keyword Index 79 VI Animal Information Category Index 179 VII Abstracts of Bibliography Entries 185 VIII Acknowledgements 350 IX References 351 image: ------- SECTION I INTRODUCTION The evolving regulations and alms pertaining to the abatement and control of pollution have necessitated a timely and well-dispersed flow of perti- nent information about the management and disposal of animal wastes. This is necessary so that capital investments in this area can be made on the basis of the most recent research and operational findings. Industry and manufacturing organizations or associations, in many activities, provide the linkage channels through which this information can flow. The wide range in operation sizes and makeup, the nation-wide dispersion of produc- tion units, the variations in climatic and geographical factors, and the dictates of the local or regional markets which are encountered in the production of animals or animal products make widespread dissemination of animal waste management information difficult. This occurs even though there exists an established communication network through publications from organizations such as breed associations, farm groups, or the popular agricultural press. Common properties and characteristics of animal wastes enable technological transfers to occur in the production operations from one species to another. Publicizing the existence of information on practices or findings in one segment of the livestock production industry can initiate new innovations or serve to spread the adoption of the new ideas to the other segments of the industry. The objective of this project is to aid in the. dissemination and techno- logical transfer of information on the management and disposal of animal wastes throughout the livestock industry. Identification and location of pertinent information generated in the production operations of poultry, swine, cattle, fish, and other animals of economic interest raised in open or confined systems is accomplished through searches of technical journals, books, theses, reports from private, state and federal agencies, papers given at meetings of professional societies or symposiums, and articles appearing in the trade or production-oriented "farm" magazines. The search topics of specific interest include the physical and chemical characteristics of animal wastes (manures and other material contaminated by manures); the operational and cost aspects of handling, collection, storage, transport, utilization, and disposal of animal manures; and the economic and legal impact of these wastes on the problems of air, water, 1 image: ------- and solid waste pollution. The articles Identified in the search are collected and reviewed to determine if the contents are relevant to the project objectives. Those articles that are considered to be of value for the livestock producer or research scientist engaged in animal waste activities are abstracted and added to the collection. An annual updated bibliography of animal waste management information will be prepared. It will contain entries and abstracts for all Items maintained in the collection at the Animal Waste Technical Information Center. It is anticipated that the information contained in this bibliography will show most of those seeking Information where this material can be found, since many potential users will have access to libraries through which they may obtain the actual text of the material. However, single copies of most publications (those for which copying approval has been obtained from the copyright owners) may also be obtained upon request 1n hard copy or microfiche form at a cost-only fee. Information on this service can be obtained by writing: Mrs. Linda Merryman, Project Librarian Animal Waste Technical Information Center School of Environmental Science East Central State College Ada, Oklahoma 74820 image: ------- SECTION II USER'S GUIDE The entries 1n this bibliography have been assigned a specific cross- reference code. The code number consists of nine digits (example 100-73- 1069) arranged In the sequences of a three-digit class code, a two-digit number representing the year of publication, and a four-digit accession number. The first grouping Identifies the class of the document according to the following format (1): Code Class 100 Technical journal paper 200 Conference proceeding paper 300 University or government publication 400 Magazine article 500 Book or chapter from a book 600 Unpublished paper 700 Thesis The next two-digit number 1s the year of publication or presentation. The last number 1s a four-digit accession number which identifies each article brought into the animal waste information collection. This publication consists of 5 sections: Bibliography, Author Index, Keyword Index, Animal Information Category Index, and Abstracts. An explanation of each section follows: BIBLIOGRAPHY This section lists the Hems by classes according to the code defined above, The articles within these classes are arranged first by year of publication and then by accession number. Each entry 1n the bibliography includes the cross-reference code, the author(s), the title of the entry, a list of keywords which help Identify the contents of the material, and the bibliographical citation. An example of. the format is shown below. image: ------- 300 71 1257 BUTCHBAKER A F 6ARTON J E EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT W RNATIVES WASTE-TREATMENT-ALTERNATIV ROL BEEF-WASTE-MANAGEMENT WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SE DMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER AUTHOR INDEX This index lists all the authors cited in the bibliography in alphabetical order. To the right of each author entry is the cross-reference code of the article or articles with which he is identified. An example of the format is as follows: DUFFER W R 200 70 0698 300 71 1245 DUFFY ME 100 69 0265 DUGAN G L 100 72 0746 100 73 1184 300 70 0668 KEYWORD INDEX This index consists of an alphabetical listing of significant words in an article or in the title of an article. To the right of the keyword are the first 85 characters contained in the title or the title and a listing of keywords, if the title is short. To the left of the keyword is the nine-digit cross-reference code of the article ascribed to by the keyword. The cross-reference code allows the user to enter the bibliography or look up the abstract for additional information about the title. An example of this index format is: 300 72 1157 DESIGN CANADA ANIMAL WAST 600 69 1005 DESIGN FACILITY DESIGN KE 600 71 0272 DESIGN A DOSING-SIPHON FO 100 62 0499 DESIGN-CRITERIA MANURE LAGOONS DES 100 65 0366 DESIGN-CRITERIA LIQUID HANDLING OF 100 69 0353 DESIGN-CRITERIA OXIDATION-DITCH TR 100 71 0266 DESIGN-CRITERIA CAGED LAYER PERFOR ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX To provide a quick entry into the abstract holdings of the collection, an animal information code was developed. This code utilizes an alpha- betical entry to signify a broad interest area and a numerical digit to designate a more specific topic under the broad interest area. Each abstract in the collection was classified according to this code and could be listed under the five most relevant categories. This can pro- vide the user an easy entry into the abstract holdings pertaining to his information needs. It is anticipated that some potential users, after reading some of the abstracts listed under these categories, may identify 4 image: ------- some particular keywords of importance which can be utilized to enter the more comprehensive keyword index to Identify abstracts which may pertain to his more specific information needs. The code utilized in this index 1s as follows: CATEGORIES OF-ANIMAL INFORMATION Interest Area^ A. Environmental Effects B. Management of Animal Production and Confinement Operations C. Characteristics of Animal Wastes D. Treatment Processes E. Utilization and Disposal F. General Topic Area 1. General 2. Surface Runoff from Animal Production Unit Operation 3. Surface Runoff from Agricultural Watersheds 4. Groundwater 5. Odor 6. Air 7. Biocides 8. Vectors 9. Health 10. Aesthetics 1. General 2. Liquid Systems 3. Solid Systems 1. General 2. Physical 3. Chemical 4. Biological 5. Management's Impact On 1. General 2. Physical 3. Chemical 4. Biological 1. General 2. Land 3. Reuse 4. By-Product Recovery 1. Economics 2. Legalities 3. Institutional and Policy Needs 4. Overviews, Trends and Projections 5. Related Agricultural Operations image: ------- The entries 1n this Index appear under the code number as In the following example: C 1 0001 0010 0023 0041 ABSTRACTS This section contains the abstracts of the Information entries contained 1n the bibliography. The abstracts have been published 1n Selected Water Resource Abstracts published by the Water Resources Scientific Information Center (2-82), Each entry, therefore, Includes the title of the Informational material, the bibliographic citation, the author or authors, keyword Identifiers and descriptors, and the abstract. The abstracts are arranged sequentially by an assigned accession number which specifically Identifies the article In the collection. To the right of the accession number are the animal Information category code numbers assigned to the abstract entry. image: ------- SECTION III BIBLIOGRAPHY image: ------- 100 55 0328 HUNGATE R E FLETCHER D U OVER I A EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACYCLtNE FEEDING ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FERMENTATION FEEDS LABORATO RY TESTS EFFECTS CHLORTETRACYCL INE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS JUUR OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 1* H55 PP997-1002 100 58 0580 HANSEN C M ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES IN HANDLING LIQUID MATERIALS KEYWORDS PUKPS ENGINEERING LIQUID AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING V39 P546-51 SEPT 1958 luJ 59 0459 JEDELE C G LIQUID MANURE FOR MIDWEST SWINE PRODUCTION KEYWORDS LIQUID MANURE MIDWEST TRANSACTIONS OF ASAE V2 Nl PP9-10 1959 100 60 0059 HART S A THE MANAGEMENT (IF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-KATIO COMPOSTING HOUSEFLY FERTILIZ ER SANITATION MANAGEMENT TRANS ASEA V 3 P 78-60 1960 ICO 60 1078 OVERBY L R FROST 0 V EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANIL1C ACIU KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-HASTES SWINE DIETS FEEOINC POULTRY A RSANILIC-ACIU JOURNAL UF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 14 NO 1 JAN 1960 P 140-144 2 TAB 9 REF 100 62 0292 HENDERSON J M AGRICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOO DISEASE LAND DRAINAGE STREAM PROCEEDINGS AMEK SUC CIVIL ENGKS SAN ENOR DIV SA6 V8b PP61-75 NOV 62 100 62 0382 GELOREICH E E BORDNEK « H HUFF C b CLARK H F KABLER P W TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFORK bACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED ANIMUS KEYWORDS COLIFORMS E COLI FE CAL-PULLUTION DISTRIBUTION J WATER POLLUTION CUN FEU 34 3 1962 P 295-301 100 62 0480 JAWORSKI N A HICKEY J L S CAGE AND KENNEL WASTEWATER KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOD TS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAGE KENNEL JOUR WATER POLL CONTROL FED 34 I P 40-43 JAN 1962 100 62 0499 EBY H J MANURE LAGOUNS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LACOUNS DESIGN-CKITEKIA SITE-SELECTION MAN AGEMENT i'ja 65 0499 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING J VOL 43 DEC 1962 P 69B-701 714-715 100 62 1220 WEBB H J WATER PULLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUT IUN-SUURCES FARM-WASTES PEST ICIDES FARM-LAGOONS FERTILIZERS CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBONS NITRATES INSECTICIDES DDT SEWAGE-LAGOONS WASTE-0 ISPOSAL FERTILIZATION FARM-MANAGEMENT CKOP-PROUUCTI ON LINE PHOSPHATES LIVESTOCK HOGS CONF INEMENT-f ENS FIS H FEED-LOTS JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 54 NO 1 JAN 1962 P 83-87 2 TAB 10 REF 100 63 02B9 GATES C U TREATMENT OF LONG-ISLAND OUCK FARM WASTES KEYWORDS CHLORINATION COLIFORMS TREATMENT DUCK JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FED V35 12 PP1569-79 1963 100 63 0338 HART S A DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COO CATTLE POULTRY SLUOGt-OlGESTION STABILIZATION PH AL KALINITV CARBON NITROGEN JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION 35 6 JUNE 196} 748-757 100 63 0436 KOON J HOWES J R GRUB W HOLLO C A POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DUSTS fNVlftUNMEN TAL CONTROL COMPOSITION AG ENGINEERING VOL 44 NO U NOV 1963 PP608-609 100 63 1064 DRUMMOND R 0 TUXICITV TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS TOKICITY FARM-WAS TES FEED-LOTS LARVAE INSECTICIDES HOUSE-FL1 ES-MUSCA-DOMEST1CA HURN-FLIES-HACMATObl A-IRRI TANS BAYER 22408 CO-RAL BUTONATE BAYER 37342 UMOPHOS BAYER 37341 RHUD IA-RP-9895 DIPTEREX V-C-13 GENERAL-CHEM ICAL-4072 BAVE R-29493 STAUFFER-R-1504 CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBONS U-S-OEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE-ANIMAL-DISEASE-AND PARASITE -RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 5* NO 3 JUNE 1963 P 344-347 2 TAB 6 RSF 100 64 0072 PRYOR h J CONNOR J K A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SURGUUM NITROGEN METABOL IZABLE -ENERGY RATION UTILIZATION CHICKENS FAECES POULTRY SCIENCE 43 1964 833-834 100 64 0333 LIVSHUTZ A AEROBIC-DIGESTIONf COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRESSURE-BLOWER C N RA TIO MOISTURE COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURE WORLD S POULTRY SCI JOUR 20 1964 212-219 100 64 0343 OGELSBY W C BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-WATER SALMONELLA FEEDLOT VET MED SMALL ANIMAL CLINICIAN 59 FEB 1964 172-174 inn &* 0349 HIBBS C M FOLTZ V D BOV|NE-SAUMONELLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATEK ANU HUMAN- INFECTION KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SEW AGE DIARRHEA BOVINE CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATER INFECTION VET MEL) SMALL ANIMAL CLINICIAN 59 NOV1964 1153-1155 100 64 0371 OF SLURRIED-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS MOISTURE-CONTENT SOLIDS-PERCENT FLY-BREEDING B ULK-DENSITY SLURRIED-MANURES TRANS OF THE ASAE 7 1964 22-25 28 image: ------- 100 64 0474 LCQ 64 1200 100 65 0066 100 65 006? LOO 65 007S 100 65 0263 1UO 65 0331 100 65 0334 100 65 0344 100 65 0346 100 65 0366 100 65 0377 100 65 0378 100 69 0*70 100 69 0903 inn *< nn«9 luu « i»o»» 100 65 1079 100 65 1091 TAIGANIDES E f> HA2EN T t BAUMAMN E ft PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS Of HOG HASTES 1ES PUMPING HOG WASTES TftMS ASH6 V7 P123-124 127 m Hfc* JOHNSON H P KEYWORDS SCLIOS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP AUGER BOD PROPERT GOUL06N C E PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCER1N AND MIOGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHKAITE HATER KEYWORDS M IOGES LAKES EUTROPH1CATION POLLEN SEDIMENTS CLIMATES PRODUCTIVITY SHEEP HYPOLIMNION ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS OAPHNIA ESTHWA1TE-WATER-ENGLAND CLADOCERA ONTOGENY CHYDORIOAE DAPHNIIDAE BOSMINIOAE SIDIOAE POLYPHEM1DAE LEPrODCIRIDAE DEFORESTATION CHIRONOMUS SERGENT1A TANYTARSUS CEKlOOAPHNIA VSRHANDLUNGEN DIR. INI ERNAT1UNALEN VEREINIGUNG FUR THEORETISCHE UNO ANGEMANOTE LINNOLOGIE VOL 15 1*64 P 1000-1005 2 FIG 13 REF AL-TIMIM1 A A OHINSS W J ADAMS J L HIE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AMD SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR MANURE DIGESTION-TA NKS POULTRY KEYWORDS EFFECTS VOLUME ACCUMULATION SOLIDS INDOOR MANURE DIGESTION-TANKS POULTRY SCIENCE 44 1965 112-11; RUNOLE W T A EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPING LA6GR FI6LD-SPRE 4UING EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PROBLEM JUUR ANU PRDC OF THE IN5T OF AG ENGRS 21 1965 134-139 j CLARK C E HUG-HASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOON1NG KEYWORDS ODOR BOD COO E-COL1 SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGAE SHOCK-LOADING HO G-HASTE-DISP05AL IAGCJONING JOUR SAN ENGR DIV ASCE 91 SA6 DEC 1965 27-41 IRGENS R L HALVURSDN H 0 REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BV MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS HASTE TREATMENT DENITRIF ICATION SLUDGE DIGESTION BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND REMOVAL NUTRIENTS STABILIZATION APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY VOL 13 NO 3 MAY 1965 PP373-386 JOHNSON C A DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KE1HOROS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATEO-tUTER MANURE-SCRAPER DISPOSAL DAIRY-MANURE TRANS ASAE 8 1965 110-112 WITiEL S A MCCOY E LEHNEft R CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS FROM LAGOONS USED FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS BOD ANAEROBIC- BACTERIA ALGAE CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS CATTLE TRANS ASAE VOL Bi P 449-451. 1965 FORSYTH R J THE COLLECTION OF MANURE FROM HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLATTEO-FLOORS OXIDATION-DITCH COL LECTION MANURE HOUSED LIVESTOCK JOUR AND CROC OF THE INSI OF AG ENGRS 21 1965 129-133 HART S A TURNER M E LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SHINE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INFILTRATION ODORS APP EARANCE LAGOONS JOUR-MATER POLL CONTROL FED 37 11 NOV 1965 l!7«-li96 JOHNSON C A LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE OOOR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYCLING COSTS SEPTIC-T ANKS STORAGE LIQUID HANDLING TRANS ASAEt VOL 8, P 124-126 1965 BUNTING A H EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS OKGAMC-MATTER FERTILISERS SOIL-STRUCTURE N P K M OISTURE-CONTENT EFFECTS MWC NUTR SOC 24 I 196i 29-38 JEFFREY E A BLACK.MAN H C RICKETTS RALPH TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-HASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYWORDS BOO COD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION LAGOONS DIGESTION -TANKS HOGS LABORATORY TKANS ASAE B 1 196$ 113-UT J°j*!!*£t*N;!ROM((s f|loM c,TTLe fgEOLOTS AND MANURE DlHYORATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LE5AI-ASPICTS DISPOSAL NEIGHBORS CONTROLLING ODORS FEEDLOTS DEHYDRATION AIR POLLUT CONTR ASSOC JOURNAL VOL 15. 1463 P 34-35. ^^MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POUHRY MANURE KEYHOROS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATORY-TESTS TEMPERATURE MOISTURE MICROBIOLOGY POULTRY J APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY, 2B 3 P 403-411. 1965 SCHEFFERLE HENRIETTA THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BtllLT UP POULTRY LITTER JtT((OROS HICRDBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES POULTRY ODOR FUNGI AEROBIC-CONDITIONS LABORATORY-TESTS ALKALIN ITY ENTIFUC-BACTERIS LACTOBACILLUS HYDROGEN- ION-CONCENTHAT I ON TEMPERATURE MOISTURE-CONTENT JOURNAL APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY VOL Z« NO 3 1969 t 40J-411 » TAB T REF BHITTACHARYA A N FONTENOT J P UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BV SHEEP KEYHOROS SHEEP NITROGEN FERTILIZERS PROTEIN FEEDS FARM-HASTES NUTRITION CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES SAMPLES METABOLISM RECYCLING DIGESTIBILITY NITR OCtN-RETENTION POULTRY-LITTER PEANUT-HULLS CRUDE-PROTEIN SOYBEAN-PROTEIN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 24 1969 P 1174-11T8 4 TAB 2B REF O LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYHORDS POULTRY FARM-HASTES T OXICITY INSECTICIDES MASSACHUSETTS FLIES LARVAL-MORTALITY COUMAPHOS-OIUL-DftENCH-POHOER FANNIA-CANICULARIS JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 96 NO 4 AUG 1969 P 709-710 I TAB * REF image: ------- 100 65 12U MICHULS » S NITKATES IN THE ENVIROMt.'.T KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMUSPHEnE BIOSPHERE FERT IL I JATION NITROGEN-FIXATION OEN1T RIFICATION WASTES i\il TRUGEN-f- U ING-BACTERIA APMONIA ODOR AQUATIC-PLANTS GRCUNDWATER TOX1CITY WASTE-TREATME MT .IITHMJEM-OEPOSITS CINCRAL I2ATION ME THEMOGLOBIN6MIA LIVESTOCK-POISONING SILAGE-GAS ODOR-PREVENTION JuURMAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 57 NO 10 1965 P 1119-1327 2! REF 100 60 0063 ELR1CK 0 E HIGGAR J U WEBBER L It SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RADIOACTIVE DISPOSAL B IGLOGIC'L SOIL POLLUTANTS UKIGIN BEHAVIOR JOUR SOIL WATtR COlSCRVAT IOM VOL 21, P 7-11, 1466 luO 66 0290 100 66 03".! 100 66 03*7 100 66 0422 100 66 0437 100 66 047) 100 66 04711 luO 66 0479 100 66 0306 100 66 1010 100 6T 0041 100 67 0076 100 67 0074 100 67 0104 100 »T 0210 100 67 0211 100 67 0»02 100 67 04411 Sl_HEHFe«LE H E CJRVNEF04M BACTERIA POULTRY DEEP LITTER KEYWORDS CORVNEFORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER JL)U>t OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY V29 Ml PP147-160 1966 LITTLE f J AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN THE *EST-OF-SCUTLAND KEYWORDS EffLUE NTS SILAGE PREVENTION RIVER-POLLUTION WEST-OF-SCDUANO JOUR PROC INSt SEW PUR IF 1966 4S2-454 SCHELTIMGA II N J AEROBIC-PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE KEYWORDS BOO COU COSTS .BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT OX I OAT ION-DITCH HOGS JOUR PROC INST SEW PURIF 1966 SSS-SBB BHATTACHARYA A N FONTENUI J f PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL AND WCOO SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEEDS DIETS DIGESTION METABOLISM PROTEIN ENERGY POULTRV LITTERS JOUR OF AN SCIENCE VOL 25 19*6 PP167-171 TAIGANIOES E f HAZEN T I PROPERTIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES tlODEGKADATION BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND DOOR FARM WASTES TRANS OF THE AM SOC OF AS ENGINEERS VOL 9 PP174-1T6 1964 MACDONALD F h DAVIS H R BOD OF CAPTIVE MILD ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS ZOO TOTAL-SOL III E-OD WAJTIS WATER AND SENAGE WORKS. VOL 111, P 64-67 fit 1966 1RGENS R L DAY |> L LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARMWASTES WASTE DISPOSAL OXIDATION LAGOONS LABORATORY STABILIZATION SWINE JOUR AC ENG RESEARCH VOL U NO 1 PP1-10 1966 CHARLES 0 R PAYNE C G THE INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA UN CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY DIETS PH BLOOD REJPIR ATION EGCS INFLUENCE ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONIA BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCEi VOL 7. P 177-19«i 1966 MINER J R LIPPER ft I FINA L R FUNK J W CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOO COO FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE VARIATION JOUR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL SB PP 15B2-91 196* FETH J H NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUNDHATER PUBLIC-HEA LTH FIXATION NITROGEN-CYCLE WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION FERTILIZERS PROTEINS ROCKS L EACHING PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERE AMMONIA AEROSOLS WATER-QUALITY GEOCHEMISTRY HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH VOL 2 NO I 1ST flUARTER 1966 P 41-JB 9 TAB 1 FIG ST REF SALTER P J BERRY G WILLIAMS J B THE EFFECTS OF PARMYARO MANURE ON MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL MOISTURE FIELD-OPACITY HILTING-POINT AVAILABLE-WATER-CAPAC! TY EFFECTS MANURE JOURNAL OP SOIL SCIENCE IS 2 1967 11B STEWART B A VIETS F 0 JR HUTCHINSON G L KEMPER M 0 NITRATE AND OTHER HATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEOLOTS KlYWOKUS NITRATES WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES L EACHING MATER-POLLUTANTS FEIDLOTS ENVIRONMENTAL SCI AND TECH 1 9 SEPT 196T P 736-719 TASK GROUP 2610P SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS NITROtlN-COMPQUNOt DOMESTIC-HASTES DETERGENTS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FUELS RUNOFF SOURCES JOUR AM WATER HORRS ASSOC 9« MARCH 196T 144-166 MINER J R LIPPER R I ER1CKSON L E MODELING FEEDLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS COD DISCHARGE HYDROGRAPH1 CONCENTRATION ITIRRIO-TANK-INJICTI ON-MODEL RAIN FEEOLOT TRANSACTIONS ASAE 10 4 49T-901 196T . POLLUTION ANO POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYHOROS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROBIC-LAGOON EFFLUENT FEEOLOTS CATTLE-HASTES JOUR SAN ENGR DIV ASCE 91 SA4 AUGUST 1967 SJ-72 (J^ENT-OUALITV PROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-HASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOON-OPERATION LOADING STABILIZATION (FPLUENT-8UALITY ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS MtOLOT-HASTES JOUR HATER POLLUTION CONTROL F*EOIRATIOM » » "ARCH 1947 1*4-191 ,NF4Nm Ji"cATTLE FEEOLOT RUNO*" KEYHOROS SALMONELLA INFANTIS FEEOLOT RUNOFF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY IS 1 62T-B MAY 19*7 JJJfj;NJu?|U,m Nom MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYHORDS ODOR ANAEROblC-OISESTlON METHANE FERTILIZERS PRODU POULTRV DIGEST, VOL 26, P 100-101, 1967 10 image: ------- 100 67 0713 DALE A C DAY D L ASSIUM 4EKATION AEROBIC POVERTIES OA?RYUA|ANUREATUE M4NUREKEYMORDS 0 COD CATTLE NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS PAI 100 67 1218 STEAU F M ai^pS-iK^Ss^JEssra'-ssB WATtR WORKS VOL 59 NO 12 DEC 1967 P 1*97-1501 1UO 67 1258 FMIt^F ^ MORRISON S M 100 6» 0011 DENOY M Y sffn M , T c ^ttu M J MCCARTNEY M f THY-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS CHYSICAL-PanpFBT1Cc'ocolifuJLJU^ COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION,RESEARCH AND INDUS POULTRY SCIENCE *5 1968 1666 I>ROPERTIES PERFORMANCE SOURCES PINE-BARK SEARCH POULTRY LITTER 100 68 OOJ6 CHALOUPKA 6 W LLOYD R w GORDV j F »*EK S OISEASEMN*TION OISIN|:ECTION LEUCOSIS IMMUNITY CAUSATIVE AGENT OBSERVATIONS RE-USE BROILE^U TTER M POULTRY SCIENCE *7 1968 1660 100 68 00** HOWES J R £"S^ 100 68 0077 GIBBONS J KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATION HOUSING-SYSTEMS WATER POLL CONTROL 67 6 1968 622-626 100 68 0087 JONES D 0 JONES . A JR „„ „ L S"c0-BIGE5naN'?AT?LFE"ATlTrMASTe KEyW°RUS B°° C°° VS FS *«»"» LOAO,NS-RATES RE6RESS.ON-ANALYSIS AER TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 11 1966 757-761 100 66 0090 W1TZEL S A «,UE j r XH*m f L ^ANSACn0NSU^FTHESA!;SAEeRll"6Y>'S8J?e86UI56rTS "4TER-LEVEL ""OICT ION-EOUATIONS WEIRS RUNOFF SAMPLER 100 66 0106 DAY 0 L DsoSA ELECTRK-PO-ER- INTL JOUR FARM BLOG RES 2 DEC 3 1967 2-7 100 66 0287 THOMPSON P D 1UO 68 02¥6 600IN P BELKO J ^ORAKyHAL' ISl "SI 100 66 0306 ZABLATZKY H R PETERSON S A ,. „ SIUDGE 0tSF>°S»l- *""ONIU* ALKALINE BUILD-UP MUNICI JOUR OF WATER POL CON FED VOL *0 NO* PP581-5B5 1968 100 68 0370 ABBOTT J L LINGLE J C EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHOROUS IN ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS 100 68 0307 EFFECT SOIL TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORUS MANURES 100 68 0370 SOIL SCIENCE VIOS N3 PP1*5-S2 1968 100 68 0337 RILEY C T *°° " ' * ""'^RE-CONTENT 00« L.TTER STORAGE WAT POLLUT CONTROL 67 6 1968 627-631 100 68 0381 PONTIN R A BAXTER S H ««li,F"SifE»'f"S2!550STyaiTS KEVW°RDS 0*"""°»-'»«" «FLO«, 800 LININGS SECONOARY-D, TCH LAYOUT OP WAT POLL CONTROL 67 6 1966 632 100 68 0**2 HAMMOND C H DAY D L HANSEN E L 11 image: ------- ICO 68 0452 GILLHAM R W KEBBEK L R GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN BARNYARD GROUNDMATER CONTAMINATION WATER AND POLLUTION V106 N5 PP54-57 MAY 1968 100 71 0461 ROSS E MIYAHARA A V FUMIGATION ANO REUSE OF BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-GAINS FEED-CONVERSI ON FUMIGATION REUSE BROILER LITTER POULTRY SCIENCE 50 NO 4 1096-1100 JULY 1971 100 58 0481 BOUWER H RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW HOLE FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE WASTE WATER DISPOSAL INFIL TRATION JOUR OF SOIL AND WATfcR CONSERVATION VOL 23 1968 PP164-168 100 68 0500 LOEHR R C ANAEROBIC LAGOONS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DES 1GN SOLIDS APPLICATION TRANS ASAE VOL 11 1968 P 320-322C330 100 68 0502 GERRY R w MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN DRY-MATTER CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS BROILERS POULTRY SCIENCE 47 1968 339-340 100 68 0730 STEWART 8 A VIETS F G JR HUTCH1NSON G L AGRICULTURE S EFFECT ON NITRATE POLLUTION OF GKOUNOHATER KEYWORD FERTILIZER FEED-LOTS COLORADO SPRINKLER -IRRIGATION CATTLE ALFALFA AMMONIUM JOUR SOIL WAT CONSERVATION VOL 23 NO 1 P13-15 JAN-FEB 1968 100 68 1121 WALKER K C WADLEIGM C H WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS KUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS SEDIMENT-YIELD NUTRIENTS EUTROPH1CAT10N INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS NITRATES PHOSPHATES CALCIUM MAGNESIUM FERTILIZERS AGRICULTURE L-CHEMICALS FISHKILL PESTICIDES ENDRIN IRRIGATION ACID-MINE-HATER PLANT FOOD REVIEW VUL 14 NO 1 1966 3 P 100 68 1229 LOEHR R C RUF J A ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES LAGO ONS DAIRY-INDUSTRY ANIMALS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO COLIFORMS EFFICIENCIES SEWAGE-TREATMENT SLUDGE WASTE -HATER-TREATMENT DAIRY-CATTLE FIELD-STUDY MILKING-PARLDR WASTE-CHARACTERISTICS JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 40 NO 1 JANUARY 1968 f 83-94 4 TAB S FIG 14 REF 100 69 0030 BHAGAT S K PROCTER 0 E TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIODEGRADAT ION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION AEROBIC-TRE ATMENT COD STOWAGE-CAPACITY EFFLUENTS TOTAL-SOLIDS TREATMENT DAIRY LAGOONING JOUR WATER POLL CONTROL FED 41 1 785-795 MAY 1969 100 69 0035 PRATT G L HARKNESS R E BUTLER R G PARSONS J L BUCHANAN M L TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD COD PH SEPTIC-TANK EFFLUENTS AERATI ON SETTLING-TANK SLATTED-FLQOR TURBIDITY TREATMENT BEEF-CATTLE REUSE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 4 1969 471-473 100 69 0037 LOEHR R C WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-OUALI TV-ACT BOD PHOSPHATES EFFLUENTS MIN IMUM-REMOVAL-EFFICIENCIES CRITERIA TREATMENT-PROCESSES LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 50 AUG 1969 468-470 100 69 0040 RUSZLER P L CARSON J R PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY MOISTURE ABSORPTIO N SUE PHYSICAL BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION LITTER POULTRY SCIENCE 47 1969 1712 100 69 0045 UILKINS R J THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRASSES SHEEP D1GESTIB IUTY-COEFFICICELLULOSE FORAGE FAECES JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE 73 1 1969 57-64 100 69 0052 GILLHAM R w WEBBER L R NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLOW-NET NITRATE WATER-TA BLE GROUNOWATER BARNYARD JOURNAL WPCF 41 10 OCT 1969 1752-1762 100 69 0057 100 69 0058 100 69 0060 100 69 0061 100 69 0071 TAIGANIDES E P WHITE R K THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AMMONIA HVDROGEN-SULF IDE TOXICITY MENACE ANIMAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 3 1969 359-362 WITZ R L PRATT G L SELL J L REUSE OF WASH WATER FOR CLEANING CAGED LAYER HOUSES KEYWORDS REC1RCULATEO-WATER STORAGE-TANKS FLUSHINC-G UTTERS CLEANING CACED-LAYER-HOUSES TRANS ASAEi 12 6 , P 807-812 NOVEMBER 1969 ROBB1NS J W D KRIZ G J RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUNOWATER POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES WASTE-WATER H YOROGEOLOGY RELATION GROUNDWATER TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 3 1969 397-403 MITZEL S A MINSHALL N E NICHOLS M S WILKE J T SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K SOILS WEIRS SNOW R UNOFF-SAMPLER WATERSHEDS TRANS ASAE 12 3 1969 P338-341 GRUB M ALBIN R C WELLS D M WHEATON R Z ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECIP BOD NITROGEN PHOS PHORUS SLOPE SURFACES RATION-COMPOSITION FEEDLOT-LAVOUT ANALYSIS RANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 1969 490-492 495 12 image: ------- 1UO 6* 0081 MORRISON J L SOIL1 100 69 0066 LOWMAN b KNIGHT 0 W •100 69 0095 HEKMANSON R 6 HAJEN T E JOHNSON H P 100 64 0096 MERKEL J A HAZEN T E K,NER j „ ' PH CHROHA AUOHOLS OK MysT.. R «6««C-*tlOS PH CHROHA TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 3 310-313 315 1969 "ERCAPT*NS ABSORPTION IDENTIFICATION CONFINEMENT SWINE 100 69 0103 HUTCHINSON 6 L V1ETS F G JR 100 69 0105 MINER J R H4JEN T £ ^{torS! AM?^ESN6NTS °F S«'NE-^HOING ODOR KEYWORDS 00OR-THRESHOLD CHROMATOGRAPHr .SOL.TION A TRANSACTIONS Of THE ASAE IZ 6 772 1969 100 69 0108 MILLS K C PARKER B F RQSS "S^?^!^?^;1^™ >i?J«;'"'- »»«N DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEr-OROS SILAGE GRA,N PASTURE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 12 1 196« u3 100 69 0259 LOEHR R C fAT?SN:E05^ALPROABLEJION*L PR°BLEM *""°*DS ""-l-UTION BOO COO NUTRIENTS ANAER06.C-O.GESTION LAGOONS POPU PROC ASCE JOUR SAN ENOR OIV 95 SAJ 1969 189 100 69 026S DUFFV M E Mw&WT'lQl'VSr', MM0!?!*.;;1"*1 P"HOLCSY Dls"SE «*i»»«i »NTI.IOTICS O.SEASE PREVENT.ON 100 69 0310 BAMESBERGER H L ADAMS 0 F llSlE^^ CADM.UMHVDROXIOE^SUSPENS.ON KEV-DROS ODOR CDLLEC ENVIRONHENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY V3 PP25B-61 1969 100 69 0314 STOM6AU6H 0 P T6AGUE H S RULtER y , ™ EFFECIS — 100 69 0355 SCHELTINGA H M J WATNpOLLTCONTROLN6aD1969° 403-413"L*ND *EROBIC-™E»™ENI NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OXYGENATION 100 69 0360 "MS L J JR COLMER A R BARR H T TOWCR . A AL-POPULATION'lNOOQR'pOlJLTRY-LAGOON0" ("OULTRY-L*GaON KEYWORDS 6-COLI BOO MICROORGANISMS AERATION BACTERI POULTRY SCIENCE 48 I 1969 54-63 100 69 0361 HARMON B S JENSEN A H BAKER D H CRETr'aXIDATION-OITCH''^^^?''0" RES'°UE KEYIART'Cl"-ATE~M4IIER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMOTOGRAeuv urn n.e c, POULTRY SCIENCE Se'l^mS" PARTICIJLATE-"ATTEI« POULTRY-HOUSES "«"<°S "5 CHROMOTOGRAPHY VOLUME FI 100 69 0364 SHANNON 0 M F BROWN W 0 OSSES ENERGYeN?TROCENNpOULTEY EXCRETA*6 P°ULTRY EXCRIT* KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPERATURE DRY-MATTER L POULTRY SCIENCE 48 1969 41-43 100 69 0373 PECK J H ANDERSON J R ST^pgumY-^ IN ™TM-O«PPI«S w NORTHERN CAL.FORNIA KEYWORDS JOUR MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 6 2 1969.163-167 100 69 0374 PECK J H oRm?TT"^M™uRl-oim^ IN POULTR*-<"<°PPINGS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS M JOUR MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 6 2 MAY 31, 1969 168-171 100 69 0375 WEIDNERJ*^ CHRISTIANSON A G WEIBEL S R KOBECK G G L-RUNOFFNFACTOR STREAM-POLLUTION™"''0'"1"01'0''' KEYWORDS WAIER-0UHITY SOIL-EROSION COLIFORMS SAMPLING RURA JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION M 3 MARCH 1969 377-384 13 image: ------- 100 64 U376 luO 69 luo 69 044^ ICO 69 0501) 100 69 0679 100 69 D690 '.CO 69 0693 100 69 0707 100 69 0714 100 69 0736 100 69 1042 100 69 1198 100 69 1231 100 TO 0012 100 TO 0013 100 TO 0014 100 TO 0017 100 TO 0018 SMYSER c F SNOEYENKUS G H EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY-LITTER ANO ANIMAL-FEEOSTUFFS BY-PROOUCTS EVALUATION SALMONELLA POULTRY-LITTER ANIMAL-FEEOSTUFFS AVIAN DISEASES 1} 1 1969 134-141 KEYWORDS RANK IN J D TAYLOR R J A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED HITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING CATTLE SLUKRY FO PAS TURt KEYWORDS SOIL-BORNE DISEASES WASTE WATER DISPOSAL STUDY HAZARDS SYSTEM APPLYING CATTLE-SLURRY PAST UHE THE VETERINARY DEC VUL 85 NOV 22 1969 PP478-581 WOOD J n EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALANU EFFLUENT NEW ZEALAND JOUR OF DAIKY TECHNOLOGY V4 N4 PP238-242 DEC 1969 BURNETT W E AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTEStDETERMlNATION OF MALOOORS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND ORGANOLEPTIC TECHNIO UES KEYWORDS ODORS CHEMICALS SULFUR-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-ACIDS SKATOLE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY VOL 3 f T44-T49 1969 STRATTON F 6 NIIRUGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITROGEN LOSSES ALKALI NE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS JOUR SANITARY ENGR OIV PRCC AMER SOC CIVIL ENGR SA2 P223-231 APRIL 1969 PAULSON G D AN IMPROVED METHUO FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES ANO EXPIRATORY GASES FROM THE MATURE CHICKEN KEYWORDS POULTRY SAMPLING SURGICAL-MODIFICATION METABOLISM-CAGE METHOD COLLECTION POULTRY SCI 48 4 1331-1336 AUG 69 PLOTKA ED ERB R E IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE KEYWORDS SHEEP OR G4NIC-COMPOUNDS CHKOMATOGRAPHY ESTRONE ESTROGEN IDENTIFICATION EXCRETION URINE JOUR ANIMAL SCI 29 6 934-939 JUN 69 SELTZER W MOUM S G GOLDHAFT T M A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER OUORS KEYWORDS AIR POLLUTION P OULTRY PIGS CATTLE BACTERICIDES PARAFORMALOEHYOE METHOGEN ODOR-CONTROL MANURE-ODOR METHOD TREATMENT AMMO NIA POULTRY SCI 48 6 1912-1918 NOV 69 SHARMA R H PACKER R A EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES OTH TETRATHIONATE SELENITE EVALUATION SALMONELLA FECES JOUR APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 18 4 589-595 1969 KEYWORDS CATTLE HOGS HACCONKEY-BR . KRAFT D J OLECHOHSKI G C SALMONELLA IN HASTES PRODUCED AT COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 18 5 703-707 NOV 69 BERKOWITZ J FINSTEIN M S KEYWORDS SALMONELLA-ISOLATION POULTRY MCMANUS J A 2ALFA A A THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN HATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES FERTILIZERS FARM-HASTES WATER-POLLUTION-TREATMENT LEGAL-ASPECTS PAHTUCKET-RHOOE-ISLAND JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 83 NO 4 DECEMBER 1969 P 311-321 2 TAB 2 FIG BUSCEMI P A CHEMICAL ANO DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOMARE KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNOWATER SESTON SEDIMENTS ORGANIC-MATTER CURRENTS-WATER HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNOFF RAINFALL SNOMMELT SURFACE- WATERS STREAMS HYDROGEN-ION-CONCENTRATION IRON MAGNESIUM NITRATES PHOSPHATED ALGEA CETRITUS PULP-WASTES LIVESTOCK IDAHO TREE-BARK CHARCOAL ALGAL-GROWTH STREAM-CONCOURSE PALCUSE-KIVER-IOAHO OIKOS VOL 20 NO 1 1969 P 119-127 3 TAB 3 FIG 30 REF FOEHREN6ACH J POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLANDi NEW YORK KEVHORDS EUTROPHICATION BAYS FARM-HASTES POULTRY WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS 01SSOLVED-OXYGEN OXYGEN-DEMAND S TREAMFLOH SPORT-FISHING COMMERCIAL-FISHING RECREATION ECOLOGY ECONOMICS FISHERIES PESTICIDES WASTE-WATER-0 1SPOSAL GREAT-SOUTH-BAY-LONS-ISLANO-NY JOURNAL OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 41 NO 8 PART 1 AUG 1969 P 1456-1466 1 TAB 4 FIG t 6 REF DOBSON R C KUTZ F H CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SHINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL OLLECTION-PIT SLOTTEO-FLOOR CONTROL HOUSE-FLIES JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 63 1 171 FEBRUARY 1970 KEYWORDS LAGOONS C PECK J H ANDERSON J R / INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED ANTHROPOD PREDATORS KEYWORDS SAMPLING CONTROL-OF-FLIES POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL PREDATORS JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 63 1 82-90 FEB 1970 MORRISON S R MENDEL V E BOND T E INFLUENCE OF SPACE ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CATTLE Y INFLUENCE SPACE CATTLE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 13 1 145-147 JAN 1970 LOVELADY H G STORK E J AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FOR BOHB ORIMETRY CLINICAL CHEMISTRY V16 NJ P253-254 1970 KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS HEIGHT-GAIN FEEO-EFF1CIENC CALORIMETRY KEVHORDS LYOPHIL1ZE DRYING METHOD CAL U S CLRNGHS PU3100066 AD714 846 1969 HAREIN P K BE LAS CASAS E B S YORK M D SALMONELLA SPP AND SEROTYPES OF ESCHERICHIA COL I ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALHORM COLLECTED IN POULTRY BROODER HOUSES KEYWORDS CULTURES LITTER PATHOGENS POULTRY JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 63 1 80-82 FEB 1970 14 image: ------- 100 70 0019 luO 70 0020 100 70 0021 OLStN R J BURNETT w E OONDERO N C CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST ODOR-PANEL MASK1NG-ASENTS DEODORANTS ANIMAL TRANSACTIONS Of THE ASAE 13 Z 221-22* MARCH 1970 YD"* L R FLEGAL C J ZINUEL H C COLEMAN T H HS.ir2 11I?TC?n,TSJNIUS ™E>no°n*T£D POUL">V ««« ON DUALITY CHANCES IN SHELL EGOS DURING STORAGE KEY* SCONCE 49 2 ?io-?; °NS EFFECT OIETS UEHYDR*TED-POULTRY-WASTE SHELL-EGSS STORAGE .100 70 0023 100 70 0024 100 70 0025 100 70 0026 HENSLER R F ATTOE 0 J PLICATION, AERATION, »NO SOIL PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND ON CERTAIN SOIL T TY EFF MANURE-APPLICATIUNIFIC;AIION °ENITR'F1C*T10N "ATES-OF-APPLICATION N-RECOVERY FIELO-MOISTURE-CAPACI SUIl SCI SOC OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS 34 2 222 MARCH 1970 FINCHER G T STEWART T B DAVIS K TATTR'AC'UO'N "KSpSUmtH F^AN,™0"5 ANIMAL5' K™» HAe'T*TS HOSTS PIT-TRAPS ANIMAL THE JOURNAL OF P4RASITOLOGY 56 2 378-383 APRIL 1970 GOYAL S M SINGH I P NS°BSOURCESUSALMONELLAINPOULTRY "" * P°ULT"Y F*RM KErHORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS RODENTS CROSS-INFECT 10 BRITISH VETERINARY JOURNAL 126 4 180-184 1970 OUARLES C L GENTRY R F BRESSLER G 0 IUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY KEYWORDS FERTILITY A BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION EGG-HATCHABILITY POULTY ciENCE 49 FLING D Y C 60-66 1970 KRAFT A A POULTRY SCIENCE 49 1 46-54 \l CALVERT C C MORGAN N 0 MARTIN R 0 OOEGRADATIoS"lN-lxCRETA4DAT1DN ™ "™ EXC<1ET* T0 USEFUL PR°°UCTS KEYWORDS INSECTS ODOR UTILIZATION 81 POULTRY SCI 49 Z 588-590 MAR 70 STEWART B A 100 70 0027 STEFANOVIC M P 100 TO 0028 100 70 0031 100 70 0034 LOO 70 0042 100 70 0047 100 70 0048 100 70 0009 100 70 OOSO 100 70 0051 lOO 70 0064 BAYLEY H S El> *N° I50UTION DF ""-"ONELLA FROM NIXED CULTURES AND POULTRY P H0t "-ITY-FLASK METHOD DETECTION ISOLATION SALMONELLA POULTRY SLINGER S J 6XPOSURE »N" STARVATION ON VANIIMANDELK ACID OUTPUT IN THE URIN EFFECT S"ESS sv""6 v*»««»w^ie-*cio URINE THE ROLE OF ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEOLOT CONDITIONS KEYWORD euutor,«,-c.,,.,-,;-• N1T"»TE AMMONIA MOISTURE-CONTENT SOIL PH STOCKING-RATECATTLE-FEEOLOT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4 7 579-582 JULY 1970 AMENTA J S A RAPID EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL LIP1DS AND LIPIO FRACTIONS IN BLOOD AND FECES KEYWORDS CH EMICAL-ANAYSIS PLASMA CHOLESTEROL LABORATORY TESTS FECES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 16 4 1970 339-346 MINSHALL N E WIT2EL S A NICHOLS M S STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PRECIPITATION RUNOFF FR PROC AM SOC CE, JOUR SANITARY ENGR OIV 96 SA2 APR70 513 PRYOR M J PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS P ERFORMANCE PRINCIPLES PRACTICES BEEF FEEOLOTS AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL 46 4 APRIL 1970 P173-177 HEATHCOTE R G SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA TRACE-ELEMENTS LIMITING-FACTORS CROP-RESPONSE MANURES EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE, 6 3 P 229-237, 1970 KOELLIKER J K MINER J R USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND APPLICATION RATE KEY WORDS COD LAGOONS NITRATES NITROGEN BACTERIA DISPOSAL IRRIGATION SOIL APPLICATION-RATE TRANS ASAE> 13 4 , P 496-499, JULY-AUG 1970 LOEHR R C TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOING-TANKS OXIDATION1- DITCHES COMPOSTING NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS DRYING NITRIFICATION DENITRIFRATION INDUSTRIAL WATER ENGINEERING, 7 11 P 14-18, NOV 1970 LAW J P JR BERNARD H IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS BOD COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION LIVESTOCK CHEMICALS AQUATIC-LIFE FISH OISSOLVED-OXYGEN DO FERTILIZERS SALINITY RECREATION TRANS ASAEi 13 4 P 474-478 JULY-AUG 1970 EKB R E TILLSON S A HODGEN G 0 PLOTKA E 0 URINARY CREATININE AS AN INDEX COMPOUND FOR ESTIMATING RATE OF STEROIDS IN THE DOMESTIC SOW KEYWORDS SHI NE INDEX •"COMPOUND JOUR ANIMAL SCIENCE 30 1 . P 79-85, JANUARY 1970 lOO 70 0065 ANON AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION DISPOSAL CONTAMINA T10N MEASURE POTENTIAL LIQUID POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOL 4 12 ,P 1098-1100, DEC 1970 15 image: ------- 100 70 0062 CALVERT C C PAKTIN K 0 MORGAN N 0 1 HOUSE FLIT PUPAE AS FOOD FOB POULTRY KEYWORDS FEEDS NUTRIENTS MUSCA-OOMEST ICA JOUR ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 62. P 938-939, 1970 NO 4 100 70 OOB3 TUWNSHEND A R BLACK S A JANSE J F BEEF-FeEDLOI OPERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL 8EEF-FEEDLOT ONTARIO JOUR HATE* POLLUTION CONTROL FEPERATION 42 2 FEB 1970 195-208 1UO 70 0084 BELL R G FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE OF THE ODOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED LIOUID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR LEG fUULTRY SCIENCE, 49 4 , P 1126-1129, JULY 1970 100 70 0065 ANON DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES AGRICULTURE, 77 1 ,P 431-432, SEPT 1970 100 70 0089 WHEATLAND A B BORNE B J TREATMENT, USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR DISPOSAL FOAMING 0 X1DATION-DITCH FLUSHING-GUTTER SLURRIES INCINERATION BOO COO SEA "AT POLLUT CONTROL, 69 2 , P-195-20B, FEU 1970 100 70 0094 BSLL R G THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNC08 MIXTURES KEYWORDS COMPOSTIN G TEMPERATURE DEPTH MICROORGANISMS CANADA AERATION ODOR SALMONELLA INFLUENCE AERATION POULTRY J AGRIC ENGNG RES 15 1 , 11-16. 1970 ,100 70 0102 MINER J R BAUMANN E R WILLRICH T L HAiEN T E POLLUTION CUNTROL-FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION LAGOON JOUR WATER POLL.N CONTROL FED 42 3 391 MARCH 1970 PART 1 100 70 0107 BRESSLER G U DRYING POUIT8Y MANURE INSIDE THE POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MANURE AGRIC ENGR V51 N3 P136 MAR 70 CONDENSATION PAPER NA-1-502 100 70 0110 SMYSER C F SNOEYENBOS G H MCKIE B ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRICHMENT MEDIA INCUBAT f?»v , ft» TEMPER4TURES KEYWORDS PH INDICATORS PLATING-MEDIUM ISOLATION SALMONELLAE BY-PRODUCTS POU L ' K ' ~C I T TER AVIAN DISEASES 14 2 1970 246-254 ;100 70 0112 RILEY C T CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION-EQUIVALENTS SLURRI E5 SLUDGE AREATRENDS DISPOSAL WAT POLL CONTROL, 69 2 , P174-179, FEB 1970 100 70 0228 MINER J R "* ™ AGR ENGR, 51 12 , P 702-703, DEC 1970 100 70 0260 JACKSON S W LANGLOIS B E JOHNSON T H GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNOER AEKOBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS KEYWORDS WASTE R EUSE URIC AC10 GROWTH CONDITIONS POULTRY SCIENCE VOL 49 NO 6 1970 PP1749-1750 100 70 0270 BELLO T R GORDON V L OF STRONGYLE EGGS FROM EOUINE FECES FOR IN VITRO STUDIES KEYWORDS SEPARATION-TECHN 10 AMER JOUR OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 31 12 P 2285-2288 DEC 1970 100 70 0299 THOMAS RE LAW J P JR HARLIN C C JR HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY-RUNOFF HASTEHATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS HYDROLOGY WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT SOIL-DISPOSAL-F I J IRR AND DRAIN DIV PROCEEDINGS ASCE 96 3 1970 P 289-298 100 70 0340 MCKELL C M BROWN V W ADOLPH R H DUNCAN C FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE CALIFORNIA PROTEINS J OF RANGE MANAGEMENT, VOL 23, P 336-340, 1970 100 70 0342 SMITH L W G06RING H K GORDON C H * IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY-TREATED FECES KEYWORDS DIGESTION FERMENTATION COSTS CELL-WALL OXIOA NTS ALKALIS JOUR OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 31 6 P 1205-1209 DEC 1970 16 REF 100 70 0362 HALL G 0 WOOD A J WESCOTT R B DOMMERT A R DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA IN FECES OF SWINE KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS PATTERNS SHINE APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 20 5 , P 789-792, NOV 1970 100 70 0365 8AYLEY N D AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS WATER SALINITY PLANNING FERTIL IZERS SEDIMENTCHALLANGES WATER AND WASTES ENGR 7 11 , P F-14-F-16, NOVEMBER 1970 100 70 0367 CARLSON K H BAYLEY H S NITROGEN AND AM I NO ACIDS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND DIETS CONTAINING GRA DED LEVELS OF SOYBEAN OIL MEAL OR CASEIN KEYWORDS HOGS PROCEDURE NITROGEN AMINO DIET J NUTRITION V 100 NO 11 1353-1361, 1970 100 70 0368 HERR G H AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EQUIPMENT NEIGHBORS HESEAR CH NEEDS COMPOST SCIENCE, J OF WASTE RECYCLING, 11 5, P 6-11, OCT 1970 FRINGE KEy*OR°S ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT POLLUTION-ABATEMEN 16 image: ------- 100 70 0369 CROSS Q E DURAN 4 «TESRs2iNEDECOMPOSIT'ON " S""NE eXC"6MENT «™°«°S LABORATORY-TESTS, TEMPERATURE SLUDGE BOD PH LOADING-R TRANS ASA6, 13 3 , P 320-322,325, MAY 1970 100 70 0372 LOEHR R C R'MNFA'" *^JOLLUIION fM" b£EF "TTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GROUNOWATER NUTRIENTS JOUR SAN ENGR DIV, PKOC-ASCE 96 SA6 DEC 1970 1295-1309 100 70 0413 EL-SABBAN F F BRATZLER J « LONG T A FRIAR 0 E H SENTRY R F ENLFARSf«»S?"S"?UE°ULTRV "STE " ' FEE° F°R RU"NANTS KEYW°R°S WASTE-TREATMlN?"lGESTION DIETS N.TROG JOUR OF ANIMAL SCI VOL 31 1970 PP107-111 100 70 0*17 HULT R f TH.MONS 0 R LATTERELL J J UYELUL^OSPH2TESHOSPHATES "* W4TER KEVW°RDS RUN°" FERT"-'«« SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO!L CROPS THRESHOLD- J AGR FOOD CHEM , VOL la, NO 5, 1970 P 781-78* 100 70 0*18 MOORE J 0 ANTHONY H a DNSYN?H«Is0%eEDTf!KMeNTA?IOSR '"" "* """^ Fe«"ENT*TI™ «r«0.0$ FARM WASTES TOXICITY ORGANIC AC, JOUR OF AN SCI VOL 30 1970 P 324 100 TO 0420 SfEELMAN C 0 COLMER A R OLLUT!oNECEFSFECTr^U,TlS-tNSEC?S *QUAT'C 'NSE"S '" """>UNOE° H""*" KEYWORDS LAGOONS ORGANIC WASTE P ANNALS OF- THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AM VOL 63 NO 2 1970 397-400 100 70 0421 CHIANG H C JouoE JOUR OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 63 NO 3 JUNE 1970 PP934-936 100 70 0458 VANOERHOLN D H bEEft C E : SrJS i 100 70 0510 LAAK R "Nj-NEEDEONEMtNSREH01SpSs!?NU' image: ------- 1UO 70 1040 EL-SHARKAWI F M MOAWAU S K •STABILIZATION OF DAIRY HASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY 0 XIOATION-LAGOONS PILOT-PLANTS ALGAE BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS STABILI ZATION HASTE-HATEK-TKEATMENT FAKM-WASTES ALEXANDRIA-EGYPT PANDORINA SOLUSLE-ORGANIC-SOLIDS JUURNAL OF THE HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 42 NO 1 JAN 1970 P 115-125 5 TAB 4 FIG 17 REF 100 70 1041 NIGHTINGALE H I STATISTICAL EVALUATION UF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AMD AGRICULTURAL AREA-FRE SNO CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER CALIFORNIA NITRATES SALINITY WATER-WELLS AOU IFERS IRRIGATION-WATER FERTILIZERS URBANIZATION STATISTICAL-METHODS SURVEYS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES DEC RESSION-ANALYSIS FRESNO-CALIF GROUNOWATER VOL 8 NO 1 JAN-FEB 1970 P 22-28 5 TAB 6 FIG 8 REF 100 70 1051 ANON POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALHQNID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC F.S BIOCHEM1CAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO 01SOLVED-OXYGEN HYDROGEN-1ON-CONCENTRATION AMMONIA NITRATES PHOSPHATES SOLID -WASTES ANIMAL-WASTES-WILDLIFE WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL FOOD-ABUNDANCE CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO PATHOGENIC-BA CTERIA ANIMAL-PARASITES SILTS FECES DRUGS WATER AND SEWAGE WORKS VOL 117 NO IB AUGUST 1970 P 291-2V7 3 TAB 6 FIG 15 REF 100 70 1090 MILLER R U GORDUN C H MORGAN N 0 BOWMAN M C BEROJA M COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COM MANURE KEYWORDS FEEDS ADDITIVES CATTLE FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY MORTALITY MILK INSECTICIDES LARVAE COUMAPHQS HOUSE-FLIES MUSCA-OOMESTIC A-L JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 63 NO 3 JUNE 1970 P 893-855 3 TAB 14 REF 100 70 1111 PEAKALL C B LINGER J L POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTICIDE-TOXICITY PHY SICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS PERSISTENCE ABSORPTION DDT CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES PLASTICS PAINTS RUBBER RESINS GAS-CHROMATQGRAPHY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY MALLARD-DUCK POULTRY SONBIROS WAOING-blRDS MUSSELS HERRINGS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS WATER-POLYCHLORINATEO-BIPHENYLS CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE BIOSCIENCE VOL 20 NO 17 SEPT 1 1970 P 958-964 2 TAB 1 FIG 62 REF 100 70 1194 DOWNING A L REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAL-CONTROL FIN ANCING PLANT-GROWTH NITROGEN PHOSPHROUS RESERVOIRS FISHERIES WATER-SUPPLY COSTS MATER-DEMAND ECONOMIC-JUST IFICATION AQUATIC-HEED-CONTROL RIVERS AGRICULTURE ROOTED-AOUATIC-PLANTS DRAINAGE RUNOFF FERTILIZERS LIVEST OCX ECONOMICS FISH-KILLS INHIBITORS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HUMAN-DISEASES RESEARCH-POLICY UNITED-KINGDOM FUTURE-TRENDS CLADOPHORA RESEARCH-STRATEGY THAMES-RIVER-ENGLANO LEE-RI JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR WATER TREATMENT AND EXAMINATION PART 3 V 19 1970 P 223-238 100 70 1195 EDWARDS W M HARROLD L L AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHORUS NITRATES PES TICICES SOIL-CONSERVATION RUNOFF EROSION PERCOLATION SEDIMENT WASTE LAKE-ERIE BARNYARD SOLIDS LIOUIOS THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE V 70 NO 1 JAN 1970 P 50-56 100 70 1211 CRAINE L 8 EHLERS M H NELSON 0 K ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC HATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGINEERING CATTLE EL ECTRICAL-GROUNOING WATER-CONSUMPTION ELECTRICAL-NETWORKS ELECTRIC-CURRENTS ELECTRICAL-POTENTIAL VOLTAGE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING VOL 51 JULY 1970 P 415-417 1 TAB 2 FIG 100 70 1217 GELDRE1CH E APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL MATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION BIOINDICATORS MA TER-SUALITY BACTERIA QUATIC-BACTERIA AQUATIC-MICROBIOLOGY AQUATIC-MICROORGANISMS COLIFORMS SALMONELLA STR EPTOCOCCUS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS ANIMAL-WAST ES WATER-ZONING SEDIMENT-WATER-INTERFACES DOMESTIC-MASTES LEGAL-ASPECTS SEWAGE-BACTERIA PATHOGEN1C-BACTER IA JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION VOL 62 NO I FEB 1970 P 113-120 53 REF 100 TO 1227 MINER J R AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-WATER-TREAT MENT ODORS CATTLE CROPS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT DAIRY-INDUSTRY POULTRY MANURE FEED-LOTS JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 42 NO 6 JUNE 1970 P 1171-1179 59 REF 100 70 1230 BOYLE H C LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PONDS OXIDATION BI OLOGICAL-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT AERATION TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES NUTRIENTS COLIFORM EFFICIENCY POULTRY TERTIARY-TREATMENT JOURNAL OF THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 42 NO 6 JUNE 1970 P 410-916 39 R*F 100 70 1233 COOKE G M WILLIAMS R J B LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES NITROGEN NITRA TES AGRICULTURAL-WATERSHEDS PHOSPHORUS LEACHING SOILS DRAINAGE LYSIMETERS FERTILIZERS RAINFALL MODEL-STUOI ES ANALYTICAL-TECHNIBUES ARABLE-LAND GRASSLANDS CLAYS LIOUID-WASTES LIVESTOCK SOLUBILITY PHOSPHATES SUB SOI. L DOMESTIC-ANIMALS EROSION MIND-EROSION SUSPENDED-LOAD UNITED-KINGDOM PLOMING NITROGEN-LOSSES JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR HATER TREATMENT AND EXAMINATION VOL 19 PART 3 1970 P 253-276 7 TAB 34 REF tOO 70 1251 ANONYMOUS AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICAT I ON NITROGEN ALGAE MATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES COLORADO CATTLE URINE PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS FARM-HASTES FEEDLOTS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH USDA VOL 19 NO 2 AUG 1970 P 8-9 100 68 0043 100 71 0187 ROSS E FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BROILER LITTER POULTRY SCIENCE V47 P1711-1712 1968 KEYWORDS FUMIGATION BROILER LITTER WALKER J P ORR H L POS J CASED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND AERATION ODOR LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS POULTRY 100 71 0189 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS, CORNELL UNIVERSITY 18 image: ------- 100 71 01S7 CONFERENCE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 P249-253 100 71 0257 wtEIH H J HUNTER J E GROWTH-RATES SODIUM-CHLORIDE TOXICITY CATTLE 100 71 0261 GKAMMS L C POLKOWSKI L B WITZEL S A RfcDUCT?ON DANAtRQB?C°0 -"*" ANIM*L WASTES "AIRY BULL, SHINE,AND POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUDGE TRAMS OF THE ASAE VOL 14 NO 1 JAN-FEB 1971 PP 7-11,13 100 71 0266 HALKEH J P ORR H L PCS J DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS POULTRY E WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT STORAGE-TANKS DESIGN-CRITERIA LIQUID-MANURE EGG-PRODUCTION EGG-QUALITY ANTI- POULTRY SCIENCE VOL 50 NO 2 MARCH 1971 P 501-505 1 TAB 4 REF 100 71 0273 ELMUNO & K MORRISON S M 8UL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAM AND TOXICOLOGY**^'BpU129-131 1971 100 71 0291 DUNN C MARTIN W J £™"!!ifm ?SOL.?i4NFCR IS°LATIaN OF SALMONELLAE AND SHIGELLAE FROM FECAL SPECIMENS KEYWORDS bACTER.A APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY V22 Nl PP17-22 JULY 71 100 71 0303 FUJIT4 T TANAYANA S SU2UCKI I ETlBOLITESFAFATEF UBI(1UINONE-7 «™OROS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS URINARY M JOUR OF BIOCHEMISTRY VOL 69 NO 1 1971 PP63-71 100 71 0304 SHINOALA A SCARBROUGH J H C DIGESTmNE ART HEV'E" TREAIMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANAEROBI WATER AND SEWAGE WORKS VOL 118 NO 2 FEB 1971 PP50-57 100 71 '0307 GITAY H POLSON A TUE-EGRET°FISULAnONlAVIANU5 "^ HELIOTH IS-ARMIttERA M° ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES KEYWORDS VIRUS CA J Of- INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY, 17 2 , P 288-290 1971 100 71 0312 JOSENFELO R S HELLMAN L SITOSTEROL BY HOMOGENATES OF FECES KEYWORDS FEDES 100 71 031* BURNETT H E GGASES*ODO°S0pOULTRr POULTRY "ANURE * "LKTEO BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IDENTIFICATION CONTROL POULTRY SCIENCE 50 1 P 61-63 JANUARY 1971 100 71 0318 CILBERTSON C 8 MCCALLA T M ELLIS J R CROSS 0 E WOODS W R ALL VALUE RUN**""' *N° NIT"*TE MOVENENT ON BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COO BOO DO SOIL-CORES NITROGEN RAINF JOUR WATER POLL FED 43 3 , P 483-493 MARCH 1971 100 71 0348 ANON BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS POULTRY DIGEST, P 25, JANUARY 1971 100 71 0441 UTLEY t R BRADLEY N W BOLING J A JOUR DAIRY SCIENCE V54 N7 PP1091-1093 JULY 1971 100 71 0443 SLETTEN 0 SINGER R H SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS KEYWORDS ODOR SULFUR-BACTERIA LAGOONS JOUR OF -THE WATEH POLLUTION CONTROL FED V43 N10 PP2118-2122 OCT 1971 100 71 0444 CLAUOON 0 G THOMPSON D I CHRISTENSON E H LAWTON G W DICK E C CONTAMINATION OF * RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RUNOFF WATERS KEYWORDS SALMONELLA-CONTAMINA APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY V21 N5 PP875-877 MAY 1971 100 71 0447 MINER J R LIVESTOCK WASTES - ANNUAL LITERATURE REVIEH KEYWORDS LITERATURE LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES JOUR OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION V43 N6 PP991-998 JUNE 1971 100 71 04SO ADRIANO D C PRATI P F BISHOP S E w'AlE1JELA'NDl-DtsJoSALSMiR1Y*ND GROUN°-"*TERS FRO" LAND ""'""I. Of DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS NITRATE GROUND- SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY AMERICA PROCEEDINGS V3S PP759-62 1971 100 71 04S1 KAMPELMACHER E H JANSEN L H REDUCTION OF SALMONELLA [N COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FARM OXIOATIUN VAT KEYWORDS AEROBIC BACTERIA CHLd RIMTION NETHERLANDS SALMONELLA COMPOST HOG OXIDATION «T»UKU» «KOB1C BACTERIA CHLO JOUR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FED V43 NT PP1541-45 JULY 1471 100 71 0433 FRINK C R PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-OUALITY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW V9 N2 PP11-25 1971 19 image: ------- loo 71 0*54 ALEXANDER R M SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMEf image: ------- 100 71 06/4 LUDtNGTON 0 C S06EL A T SORMEL 6 CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTROL TS4NS ASAE VOL I* NO image: ------- 1100 71 1197 TUMLINSON T E NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERTILIZERS NITRATES HEKCOLATION FARM-HASTES DRAINAGE-WATER FEED-LOTS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM RIVERS LEACHING SOIL-EROS ION BRITAIN OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE VOL 6 NO 6 1971 P 272-278 8 TAB 2 FIG 19 REF 100 71 1212 STUART D G BISSONNETTE G K GOODRICH T 0 HALTER M G EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER DUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MO UNTA1N STREAMS KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATERSHEDS MOUNTAINS BACTERIA WATER-PULLUTION-SOURCES WATEHSHEO-M AM4GEMENT COLIFORMS ENTERIC-BACTERIA CULTURES SAMPLING NUTRIENTS MONTANA" RECREATION ANIMAL-WASTES STREAMS E-CLUI LUMBERING CAMPING WATER-SUPPLY WILDLIFE CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS SALMONELLA PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA SHIGELLA F ILTRATION ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES HYALITE-WATERSHED MYSTIC-WATERSHED APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY VOL 22 NO 6 DEC 1971 P 1048-1054 2 TAB 6 FIG 15 REF 100 71 1213 GASSER W GEHRT K M A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA COMPUTER -PROGRAMS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION MICROORGANISMS COMPUTER-MODELS AUTOMATION E-COLI DATA DATA-PROCEDOING PSEUOOMONAS SALMONELLA STREPTOCOCCUS PROTEUS-VULGAKI & PSEUOOMONAS-AERUCINOSA AUCALIGE NES-F4ECALIS SERRATIA SERRATU-MARCESENS SALMONELLA-TVPHOSA KLEBSIELLA KLEBSIELLA-PHEUMONIAE STAPHVLOCOCCU S STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SARCINA-LUTEA 01PLOCOCCUS-PHEUMON 6IOSC1ENCE VOL 21 NO 20 OCTObER 15 1971 P 1044-1045 3 TAB 7 REF 100 71 1214 GOWAN D THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION FERTILIZERS FARM- MANAGEMENT LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS COPPER ARSENIC-COMPOUNDS ODOR SEWERS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND SLURRIES CHL ORIOES AMMONIA NITROGEN DAIRY-INDUSTRY UNITED-KINGDOM FARM-INCOME EFFLUENT AND WATER TREATMENT JOURNAL JUNE 1971 P 303-308 I TAB 10 REF 100 71 1216 YIH R Y SW1THENBANK C IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES OF N- 1,I-OIMETHYIPROPYNL -3,5-DICHIOROBENZAMINE IN RAT AND COM URINE AND RA T FECES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS METABOLIC-PATHWAYS J AGR FOOD CHEM , VOL 19, NO 2 1971, P 320-324 P 320-324 3 TAB 3 FIO 7 REF 100 71 1221 THORPE V A DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS KEYWORDS FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY KEYWORDS MERCURY PO LLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION FEEDS FISH CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS ACIDS CHEMICAL-REACTIONS OXIDATION FEEDS MILK-POULTRY REDUCTION-CHEMICAL CALIBRATIONS AERATION BIOLOGICAL-SAMPLES POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE STANNOUS-CHLORIDE SULFU RIC-ACID REAGENTS BLOOD URINE MEAT EGGS ATCMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY PRECISION SAMPLE-PREPARATION C HEMICAL-RECOVERY 100 71 1223 BRUST R A MIYAZAKI S HODGSON G C EFFECT OF DURSBAN IN THE DRINKING WATER OF CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOD OURSBAN CHOLIN-ESTERASE WATER- POLLUTION-EFFECTS JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY VOL 64 NO 5 1971 P 1179-1183 LOEHR R C ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF -ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES DISPOSAL TREATMENT SY STEMS-ANALYSIS RUNOFF POLLUTANT NUTRIENTS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OENTRIF1CATION NITR1FICA TION EFFLUENTS LEGAL-ASPECTS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL OPTIONS LAND-DISPOSAL OXIDATION-DITCH POLLUTIONAL-CHARACTERISTICS-ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES DISPOSAL JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 43 NO 4 P 668-678 2 TAB 2 FIG 10 REF FRITSCHI E W MACDONALD f W WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT DESIGN-CRIT ERIA SAMPLING ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES EVAPORATION DISINFECTION blOLOGICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO URINE COLIFORMS PA THOGENIC-BACTERIA ANIMAL-PARASITES CHLORINATION LOUISIANA TREATMENT-FACILITIES PRIMATES BACTERIOLOGICAL-AN ALYSES FECES JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION VOL 43 NO 5 MAY 1971 P 683-889 CROSBY III J W JOHNSTONE D L FENTON R L . MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTAMTS GLACIAL-DRIFT FARM- WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS COLIFORMS NITRATES NUTRIENTS SOLUTES SOIL-WATER-MOVEMENT GROUNDWATER WASHINGTON W ATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES CHLORIDES SOIL-MOISTURE FEEOLOT-CATTLE OUTWASH-GLAC1AL HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH VOL 7 NO 1 FEB 1971 P 204-208 5 FIG 11 REF DUGAN G L GOLUEKE C G OSWALD W J RECYCLING SYSTEM FDR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMICAL'-OXYGEN-OEMANO CH EMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND NUTRIENT RECYCLING POULTRY JOUR WAT POL CONTROL FED VOL 44 NO 3 P432-440 MARCH 1972 LORIMOR J C MIELKE L M ELLIOTT L F ELLIS JO NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOHATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS NITRATES CATTLE FEED-LOTS W ATER-POLLUTION IRRIGATION FARM GROUNOWATER WATER-QUALITY AQUIFER SAMPLES NEBRASKA WELLS 3-DAV-PUMPING-ST UOY TRANSMISSIV1TY HATER RESOURCES BULLETIN VOL 8 NO t OCT 1972 P 999-1005 3 TAB 4 FIG 6 REF G1LBERTSON C B NIENABER J A MCCALLA T M ELLIS -I R WOODS W R BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF CON TINUOUS-FIOH FARM-WASTES CATTLE WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT SOLIDS-REMOVAL-SYSTEMS BATCH-SYSTEM TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS V 15 NO 6 1972 P 1132-1134 6 FIG B R EF BETHEA R M NARAYAN R S IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM WASTES-GAS ES GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SOLUBILITY ALCOHOLS AMINES ALDEHYDES ESTERS CARBONYLS TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE 1972 P 1139-1137 2 TAB 2 FIG 10 REF 100 12 1193 CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER HASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWORDS SEHAGE-EFFLUE NTS WASTE-IDENTIFICATION DAIRY-INDUSTRY CATTLE EFFLUENTS FARM-WASTES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEM-DEMANO WATER-POLL UTION-SOURCES NUTRIENTS NITRATES NITRITES JOURNAL Of MILK FOOD TECHNOLOGY V 35 NO 1 1972 P 53-55 6 TAB 1 FIG 3 REF 100 71 122B 100 71 1232 100 71 1236 100 72 0746 100 72 1097 100 72 1129 100 72 1188 22 image: ------- lOO 11 11>»9 KATl S E FASSBENDEH C A IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN HIIK MILK PRODUCTS CHICKEN MUSCLE LIVER AN 0 ECCS KEYWORDS »MTO10TICS-PEST1CIDES ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES EVALUATION POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION MILK P OULTRY ORGANIC-PESTICIDES NETHOLCLOGY CENTYRlfUGATION BIOASSAY PESTICIDE-RESIDUES METHODOL05Y FEEDS BIOLOG ICAL-SAMPLES OXYTETKACYCLINE MILK-PRODUCTS TISSUES MUSCLE LIVER EGGS DETECTION-LIMITS B10ACCUMULATICN REC OVIRY CM.ORTETRACYLINE BULLETIN OF ENVIROMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY VOL T NO 4 APRIL 1972 P 229-23* 8 TAB 6 REF 100 72 1215 HUNT L M GILBERT B N AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KEYWORDS DIGESTION T RITIUM AUTOMATION CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS B10ASS»Y POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION SUSPENSION QUENCHING AOUEOUS-SOLUTI ONS ANIMAL-HASTES SULVENT-EXTRACTIONS WATEK-POLLUT10N-SOURCES TH10CARBAMATE-PE5TICIOES SHEEP BIOLOGICAL-SA NPLES COMBUSTION FER8AN TISSUE RECOVERY LICUIO-SCINTRLATION SAMPLE-PREPARATION LUNGS PANCREAS BONE HEAKT BRAIN SPLEEN MUSCLE LIVER KIDNEYS FECES BLOOD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES VOL 23 NO 5 MAY 1472 P 246-249 2 TAB 1 FIG B A EF 100 72 1222 .GEKRT A J PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES PROT EIN CENTRIFUGAT10N POULTRY NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS ORGAN1C-COMPOUNDS CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY QUALITY-CON TROL PEPSIN INTERLABORATORY-TESTS COLLABORATIVE-STUDIES BIOLOGICAL-SAMPLES METHOL-VALIDATION OATA-INTERP RETATION JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS VOL 55 NO 4 1972 P 702-706 1 TAB * REF 100 72 1224 EVANS M R OMENS J D FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER KEYWORDS DRAINAG E-WATER FARH-WASTES ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS SUB-SURFACE-ORA1NAGE ENTERIC-BACTERIA SUBSURFACE-WATERS HOGS fLO W-RATES EQUATIONS HAFER-POLLUTION-SOURCES PERCOLATION SOIL-tlATE»-MOVE«HT SEEPAGE POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION CIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO E-COLI FILTRATION MEMBRANES DISCHARGE-WATER WEIR-GAUGES CLAY-LOAN SANDS SURFACE -RUNOFF ENTEROCOCC1 BIOCHEMICAL-TESTS FECAL-CCLIFORMS JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY VOL 71 NO 3 AUG 1972 P 477-485 4 FIG 8 REF 100 72 1235 MCGHEE T J TORRENS R L SMAUS R J BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND POLLUTANT- IDENTIFICATION CATTLE ORGANIC-HETTE* CHEMICAL-OXVGEN-DEHAND OXYGEN-DEMAND FEED-LOTS FARM-NASTES CATTLE-FE EDLOT-RUNOFF UL1IMATE-BOD WATER AND SEWAGE WORKS VOL 119 NO 6 JUNE 1972 P 58-61 1 TAB 7 FIG 20 REF 100 7} 1034 HAMILTON H f. ROSS 1 J JACKSON S N TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS AUTOC LAVES FARM-HASTES POULTRY LIVESTOCK ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS FERMENTATION ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES DILUTION RUM EN-SAMPLING FERMENTOR-SAMPLING TEST-TUBES PI PETTING-DEVICE INOCULATION MICROBIAL-GROWTH COLONY-COUNTING CHEMICAL-CHANGES TRANSACTIONS OF ASAE VOL 16 NO 1 1973 P 172-175 9 FIG 4 REF 100 73 1069 BERRYMAN C BATEV T CALDWELL T H BODY D A MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS SILTS FERTILIZERS POTATOES NITRO G6N PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM ENGLAND NUTRIENTS ORAINA6E FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL SOIL-PROFILES TUBER-SLACKt NING JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE VOL 80 APRIL 1973 P 269-281 12 TAB 1 FIG 17 REF 100 73 1086 LITTLEFIELD L H BLETNEH J K GOFF 0 E THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAVING HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION OF EGG YOLKS KEYWORDS RECYCLING CATTLE FARM-WASTES POULTRY DIETS 8LOOO-XANTHOPHYLL-LF.VELS YOLK-PIGMENTATIONS BLOOD POULTRY SCIENCE VOL 52 NO 1 JAN 1973 P 179-181 3 TAB 10 REF . 100 73 1087 LUEBS R E DAVIS K R LAAG A E , ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY AREA KEYWORDS DAIRY -INDUSTRY CATTLE NITROGEN AMMONIA AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS WATER-POLLUTION TOXICITY FARM-WASTES SAMPLING T ENPERATURE HUMIDITY WINDS RAINFALL OlSTILLULE-NITftOGEN NONOISTILLABLE-NITROGEN ATMOSPHER1C-NH3 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY VOL 2 NO 1 JAN-MARCH 1973 P 137-141 3 TAB 3 FIG IB REF 100 73 1088 ROBINSON J J SCOTT D FRASER C OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT Of PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION OF URINARY NITROGEN EXCRETED AS UREA IN SHEEP KEYWORDS SHEEP DIETS ENERGY PROTEIN-INTAKE GESTATION URINARY-NITROGEN NITROGt N-RETENTION THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE VOL 10 NO 3 JUNE 1973 P 363-368 3 TAB 4 FIG 14 REF 100 73 1128 CULLEY 0 D JR EPPS E A USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASIE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TREATMENT FARM-LAGO ONS NUTRIENT-REMOVAL FEEDS LIVESTOCK DUCKWEED LEHNACEAE JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION V 45 NO 2 FE8 1973 P 337-347 S TAB 1 FIG 26 REF 100 73 1155 HECKER J F THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE CASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS NITROGEN SHEEP ENIYMES HYOROL YSIS SOLUBLE-HUCINS TCA-SOLUBLE-MUCIN RUMEN-LIQUOR FAECEL-LIOUOR GASTRO-INTESTlNAL-TftACTS FUCOSE RHAMNOSE HEXOSE METHVL-PENTOSE HISTOLOGY JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE V 80 1973 P 63-69 4 TAB 40 REF 100 T3 1162 ABBOTT J L TUCKER T C PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS FERTILITY WASTE-DISPOSAL PHOSP HORUS NITROGEN CALCAREOUS-SOILS COTTON BARLEY ALFALFA ARUONA CYCLING-NUTRIENTS PLANT-NUTRITION POLLUT10 N-CONTROL SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS V 37 NO 1 JAN FE8 1973 P 60-63 t TAB 1 FIG 11 REF 100 7J 1164 COX N A OAV1S B H WATTS * B COLMER A R SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWING ORAL INOCULATION KEYWORDS SALMONELLA FARM-WASTES .POULTRY BACTERIA DISEASES ANALYSIS TISSUES CONTAMINATION EGGS INOCULAT ION SEFTENBEAG THOMPSON TYPHlMUKlUM POULTRY SCIENCE V 52 NO Z HAR 1973 P 661-666'3 TIB 21 REF 100 TI 11*5 SHERMAN N HERRICK R B fLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING DURSBAN 0-0 OIETHYL 0-3 $ 6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRICYL PHOSPHOROTH IOATE TO LAVING HENS KEYWORDS PEST1CIDE-TOXICITY FARM-WASTES POULTRY LARVAE FEEDS ADDITIVES DURJBAN FLY -CONTROL POULTRY SCIENCE V 52 NO 2 MA« 1973 P 741-747 3 TAB 3 FIG 12 REF 23 image: ------- luQ 79 U84 OUGAN G L YOUNG ft H F TAKAKIYA G ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT A IK-POL LUTION WATER-POLLUTION UROUNDWATER-POLLUT!ON WASTE-HATER-TREAIMENT B10CHEM1CAL-0»VGEN-DEMANO NITROGEN PO NDS DRY INS INCINERATION RECYCLING HAWAII SUBTROPICAL-ENVIRONMENT LAND-SPREADING COMPOSTING JOURNAL KATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION V 45 NO * APR 1973 P 742-73O * TAB 1 FIG 22 REF 100 73 1190 CHICCO C F AMMERMAN C 8 FEASTER J P DUNAVANT B G NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESU1M IN SHEEP KEYWORDS CALCUIM PH OSPHORUS MA&NESUIM SHEEP METABOLISM NUTRITIONAL-INTERRELATIONSHIPS PLASMA FECAL-EXCRETION BASAL-DIET FEM US-DEPOSITION JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE V 36 NO 5 MAY 1473 P 986-943 6 TAB 1 FIG 26 REF 100 73 1263 CROSS 0 L BOLING J A BRADLEY N H CHROMIC OXIDE ANO CRUDE PRUTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY MATER RESTRICTION KEYw6RDS FAR ft-MASTES PROTEINS CATTLE METABOLISM CHROMIC-OXIDE WATER-RESTRICTION ORY-MATTER-DISPESTIBIL1TV FECAL-ORY-M* TTER JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 36 NO 5 MAY 1973 P 982-989 4 TAB 2 FIG 12 REF 100 70 1237 LIAO P B POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES 200 64 KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALHONIDS HATER-REQUIREMENTS TEMPERATURE NUTRIENTS ALGAE WEEDS TASTE ODOR PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ORGANIC-WASTES SOLID- WASTES CHEMICALS MICHIGAN CALIFORNIA TUB IF 1C I OS COLORADO WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL WASHINGTON CHEMICAL-OXYGE N-OENANO OlSSOLVEO-QXVGEN HYDROGEN-JON-CONCENTRATION AMMONIA H1TRATES PHOSPHATES SUSPENDED-LOAD DISSOLVED- SOLIDS EFFLUENTS SETTLEABLE-SOLIDS HATCHERY-EFFLUENTS PARASITES JOROAN-KIVER-MICH SAN-JOAQUIN-RIVER-CA WATER ANO SEWAGE WORKS VOL 117 NO B 1970 P 291-297 3 TAB 6 FIG It REF 200 64 0750 OORNBUSH J N ANDERSEN J R LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFINEMENT BIOCMEMICAL- OXYGEN-OEMANO CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND AMMONIA NITROGEN SOUTH-DAKOTA LAGOON PIIOC 19TH INO WASTE CONF PART 1 PP317-32S 1964 200 64 OT99 M.YES J L SHITH S H MIHER J R STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS B10CHEM1CAL-OXVGEN-OIMANO CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND AMM ONIA NITROGEN FISH CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF PROC 14TH ANNUAL CONF SANITARY ENGR U KANSAS LAWRENCE 24PP JAN 196* 200 64 1246 CLARK H F KABLER P W ' THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COL1FORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-ENGINEERING WATER F OODS SOILS GASES HYDROGEN CARBON-DIOXIDE FERMENTATION PLANTS CATTLE GRAINS-CROPS BIOCHEMISTRY MICRO-ORGAN ISMS MILK ACID-BACTERIA CARBOHYDRATES PHYSIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES ANIMALS STATISTICAL-METHODS BIROS HUMAN- DISEASES SHEEP GEOGRAPHICAL-REGIONS UNITED-STATES INSPECTION SPORES HYDHOGEN-SULFIOE C-COL1 PHYSIOLOGY 1AC ILLUS-COLI TAXONOMY HEALTH AEROBACTER-AEROGENES FECES GLUCOSE MORPHOLOGY BACTER1CM-COLI BACTER PROCEEDINGS OF AUOOLFS RESEARCH CONFERENCE PRINCIPLES C APPLICATIONS IN AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY JOHN WILEY ANO SONS INC RUTGERS UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK N J 1964 P 202-229 2 TAB I FIG 52 REF GUTIERREZ J DAVIS R E PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTION METABOLISM AM INO-ACIOS TRACERS PROTEINS CHROMATOGRAPHY FERMENTATION DIGESTION LIPIDS MANOMETERS STREPTOCOCCUS ALFALFA RUMEN PHYSIOLOGY CASEIN ISOTRICHS HOLOTRICHS PARAMECIUM ISOTRICHA-PROSTONA ISOTRJCHA-INTESTINALIS OAiYTP. ICHA OIPLOOINIUK-ECIUOATU* ENTOD1N1UM-SIMPLEX OPHRYDSCDLEX-CAUDATUS STARCH EPIDlNlUM-tCiUDATUM DIPLOCOCCU S PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS PROCEEDINGS OF RUDOLFS RESEARCH CONFERENCE PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS IN AQUATIC MICROBI OLOGY JOHN BILEY ANO SONS INC RUTGERS UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK N J 1964 P 394-404 1 TAB 2 FIG 17 REF. ASAE SPONSOR MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS 800 COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR STORAGE CATTLE SWINE POULTRY FEED IRRIGATION FEEOLOT PRODUCTION PROPERTIES STORAGE HEALTH POLLUTION LABOR ENVIRONMENT RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH COMPOSTING COPROPHAGY NITROGEN TREATMENT SYSTEMS CQNFINMENT MANAGEMENT PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366. 1-160,1966 WITZEL S A MCCOY E POLKONSKI L B ATTOE 0 J NICHOLS M S PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FARM WASTES BOVINE ANIMALS KEYWORDS LAGOON-FLORA AEROBIC AEROBIC PLANT-RESPONSE BOD COO PROPERTIES PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMTi ASAE SP-0366. 10-14,1966 MORRIS G L DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DUCKS BOD COLIFORMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PLANTS WASTE-LOADS PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE HGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 19-18,1466 DECKER U M STEEL6 J H HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALTH DISEASES PATHOCE NIC-ORGANISM MATER-POLLUTION SALMONELLOSIS HEALTH VECTOR PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0364, 18-20,1966 ANDERSON J R BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETMEEN FECES ANO FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION MODELS FLIES PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NGMT, ASIE SP-0366, 20-23,1966 MINER J R F1NA L R FUNK J W ' LIPPER R I LARSON G H STORMHATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-HASTE RAINFALL COLIFORMS KJELO AHL-NITROGEN BACTERIA SLUGGING WATER-POLLUTION RUNOFF CATTLE FEEDL07S PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 23-27,1966 200 66 0115 200 66 0116 200 66 0117 200 66 0118 200 66 0114 200 66 0120 200 66 0121 SOBEL A T PHYSICAL .PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS E POULTRY CATTLE FOEEZIN6-POINT VS FLOMABILITY PRODUCTION PROPERTIES PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 27-32,1966 PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES LIQUID-WAST 24 image: ------- 200 66 0122 OSTRANDER C E METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-HASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS OUOR POULTRY HASTE-STORAGE DISPOSAL CONDIMENT HAN DUNG PUMPS METHOD PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MCMT. ASAE SP-0366, 32-33,1966 200 66 0121 HART S A MOORE J A HALE N F PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELECTION-CRITERIA PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL MASTS MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 34-38,1966 200 66 012* MYERS t A ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION Of WASTE HATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING DISTRIBUTION FREE2IN G OISPUSAL PENN-STATE IRRIGATION-HEADS PROBLEM PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 38-41,1966 200 66 0125 MORK1SON S R MENDEL V E BONO T E °* 6EEF;~C*7TLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT *LATTED-FLOORS BEHAVIOR FEED-EFF-IC PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 41-43,1966 200 66 0126 SCHMISSEUR H E BROWN C M JR ALBRIGHT J I OJUON W N DALE A C MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABOR IN FREE-STALL AND LOOSE HOU5IMS KEYWORDS CATTLE CONFINEMENT DISPOSAL BEDDING LABOR PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MG*T, ASAE SP-0366, 43-45,1966 ZOO 66 0127 DAVIS E H CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYHORUS CATTLE IOADINS SHEDS MANAGEMENT SANITATION HEALTH-AUTHORITIES tUMAT IC-CONDITIGNS ALLEYWAYS DISPOSAL PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 45-47,1966 200 66 0128 MOORE J A FAIRBANK W C D1SPOS4L Of DEAO POULTRV KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EOU1PMENT SLURRIES COMPOS PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE HGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 47-49,1966 200 66 0129 QUISENBERRY J H MALIK D 0 IBAftBIA R vtir" ?!I**?U$I* STOB1« "*y *5SIST »ITM "»STE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAVS CONFINEMENT DIETS LA YING-BIROS GENETICS EXCRETION EGGS DISPOSAL PROC NAT SYNP ANIMAL HAiTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 49-S1.1966 200 66 0130 REED C N DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLOW-FURROW-COVER KEYWORDS 000* SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES LlOUIO-MANURt MANAG EMENT PLOW DISPOSAL POULTRY PROC NAT SVMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMTi ASAE SP-0366, 52-53.1966 200 66 0111 JONES J H TAYLOR G S DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD HASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SOIL-CLOGGING RURAL-AR EA$ CONSTRUCT DISPOSAL PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 53-59,1966 200 «C) 0132 BERRY EC REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR B1ODESRAOAT10N BACTERIA PHAGE FUNGI CHEMICAL-ENVIRONMENT PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT INOCULATION REQUIREMENTS PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 56-58,1966 200 66 0133 IRGENS R L DAY 0 L AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS SLOTTED-fLOOR AERATION BOD COO COLLECTION PITS OXIDATION 0X10 ATION-OITCH TREATMENT SWINE PRQC NAT SVMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 58-60, 1«66 200 66 0134 WEBSTER N W CLAYTON J T OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRV MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS AERATION SEO IMENTAT10N VOLATILE SOLIDS DISSOLVED OXYGEN SOD CHARACTERISTICS DAIRY PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT,,ASAE SP-0366, 61-65, 1966 200 66 013? BR1DGHAM D 0 CLAYTON J T TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOD LABORATORY TEST RECIRCUIATEO-WAT EH EFFLUENTS SEDIMENTATION SLUDGE VOLATILE-SOLIDS LOADING-RATE BACTERIA TRICKLINC-FI1.TERS DAIRY-MANURE PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 66-68,14*6 ZOO 66 0136 HOHES J R ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMPOSTING MICRDORGANIS HS AEROBIC CELLULOSE POULTRY PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 68-69,1966 200 66 013T WILLRICH T L PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SHINE HASTES BY LAGOONIMS KEYHDRDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOON-FEEDING PERFORMA NCE TREATMENT SHINE PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366. 70-74,1966 200 66 0138 CURTIS OR DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGOONS FOR SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COO BOD TEMPERATURE KJELDAHL-N 1TROGEN VOLATILE ACIDS OXIDATION-REDUCTION-POTENTIAL DESIGN ANAERCEIC LAGOONS SHINE DISPOSAL PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 79-80.1966 200 66 0139 AGNEW R H LOEHR R C CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIOUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COD 800 ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF AEROBIC ANAEROBIC C HARACTCRt&TIC DISPOSAL K.JELDAHL-N1TROGEN LABORATORY-TESTS ALKALINITY CATTLE TREATMENT PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 81-84,1966 200 66 0140 CASSELL E A WARNER A F . JACOBS G B DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEMTERIN& VACUUM &EWAGE SLUD1E POULTRY CONDIT IONERS MUNICIPAL WASTES HOC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE NCMT, ASAE SP-0366, 85-91,1966 25 image: ------- 200 66 0141 CttOSS 0 E REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS DEWATERING EXPELLED-WATER CAT HUDES MOISTURE-DISTRIBUTION LAOORATORY-TESTS REMOVAL POULTRY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 91-93,19*6 ,100 66 0142 NURNBERGER F Y PIACKSON C J UAVIOSON J A REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY HASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS DEHATERING EXPELLEO-WATER JOU LE-HEATING REMOVAL POULTRY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 93-95,1966 200 66 0143 SUBEl A T LUD1NGTON D C DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY HEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUELS LABORATORY-TEST COMBUSTION INCINERATION PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 95-98,1966 200 66 0144 DAVIS K V COOLEY C E MADDER A V TREATMENT OF DUCK HASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POULTRY HATER-QUALITY RAPPAHANNOCK-RIVER MPN SALMONELLA DETENTION-PONDS TREATMENT DUCK PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 98-105,1966 200 66 0145 FONTENOT J P (JHATTACHARYA A N DKAKE C L MCCLURE W H VALUE OF BROILER UTTER AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRITIVE-VALUE TON POULTRY PR OTEINS LITTER PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 105-108,1966 200 66 0146 ANTHONY W B UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL HASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MANURE STEERS AOS CARC AS-OATA DIGESTION-COEFFICIENTS PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MCMT, ASAE SP-0366, 109-112,1966 200 66 0147 DURHAM R M COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISHES FEEDS SHEEP SWIN E LIVESTOCK DIGESTION-COEFFICIENTS COPROPHAGY PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MCMT, ASAE SP-0366, 112-114,1966 200 66 0148 FOERSTER E L SR ROLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE ECONOMICS FALLEN-STOC K COPROPHASY DISPOSAL NUTRIENTS EOUIPMENT DIGESTION-TANKS PROTEIN PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 114-117,1964 200 66 0149 EBY H J EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYORCPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO ACT AS CHEMICAL F|LT ERS KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS LAGOON NUTRIENTS GRASSES FERTILIZER EFFLUENTS EVALUATING FILTERS PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 117-120,1966 :200 66 0150 STUB8LEFIF.LD T M PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEL OCATIGN MANURE LEGAL ASPECTS ODOR METROPOLITAN-AREAS PROBLEM ARIZONA PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 120-122,1966 200 66 0151 KESLER R P ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWORDS SWINE LAGOONS D ISPOSAL NUTRIENTS COST LIOUID-WASTE FERTILIZER STORAGE-CAPACITY PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 122-125,1966 200 66 0152 MORRIS W H M ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOD COST NUTRIENTS IRRIGATION OX IDATION-PITCH ANAEROBIC AEROBIC TREATMENT LOSSES STORAGE MODEL DISPOSAL PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 126-131,1966 200 66 0153 JORDAN H C POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANALYSIS ECONOMICS PO ULTRY-MANURE PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 132-133,1966 \200 66 0154 ALLRED E K FARM-HASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIDATION-PITCH FAMILY-PARM EOUIPMENT TRENDS EUROPE PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 133-136.1966 200 66 0155 TIETJEN C PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES FECES SHINE N ITROGEN FERTILIZER CATTLE URINE DISPOSAL GERMANY PLANT PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 136-140,1966 200 66 0156 SCHELTINGA H M J BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS SWINE COST BOO NITROGEN NITROGEN-BALANCE OXIDATION-DITCH HOLLAND TREATMENT PROC NAT SYMP ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, ASAE SP-0366, 140-143,1966 200 66 0438 THOMAS R E SCHWARTZ H A BENDIXEN T W SOIL CHEMICAL CHANGES AND INFILTRATION RATE REDUCTION UNDER SEWAGE SPREADING KEYWORDS LYSIMETEKS WASTE W ATER TREATMENT SOIL SCI SOC OF AM PROC VOL 30 PP641-646 1966 200 66 0587 CARLSON 0 A GUMERMAN R C HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS DEGRADATION SOIL-BACTERIA ODD R SOIL-TYPES SULFER-BACTERIA PSEUDOMONAS ELUTION-WATER PROC 21ST PURDUE INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF EXT SERIES 121 1966 P172-191 200 66 1112 MINER J R BERNARD L R FINA L R LARSON G H LIPPER R I CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNOFF CATTLE FARM-WA STES RAINFALL-INTENSITY CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES BACTERIA NITROGEN COLIFORM STREPTOCOCCUS LABORATORY-TESTS DA TA-COLLECTION ANALYSIS PROCEEDINGS INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE 21ST MAY 3-5 1966 P 834-347 9 TAB 9 FIG 10 REF 26 image: ------- 200 67 0734 UPPER R I 20(1 67 1243 MINER J R LARSON G H °?«P^O™D$ FARM" CONFINEMENT-PENS VENTUATION COOLING TEM ASAE SOUTHWEST REGION MEETING BATON ROUGE LA LSU Pl-14 APRIL 1968 LOEHR R C TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGEME NT AEROBIC-TREATMENT WATER-POLLUTION MATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL WATER-POLLUTION-TREATMENT SOLID-WASTES LEGA L-ASPECTS RUNOFF-FORECASTING CATTLE HOGS POULTRY FARM-WASTES MANURE AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF ANAEROBIC-LAGOON PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE MAY 7 8 AND 9 1968 PART ONE PURDUE UNIVERSITY LAFAYETTE INDIANA P 507-519 5 TAB 2 FIG 21 REF PROCTOR D E THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGEMENT DAIRY-INOUST RY ALGAE CATTLE SLURRIES SPRAYING ACTIVATED-SLUDGE MANURE ANAEROBIC-LAGOON AERATED-LAGOON PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RO INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE MAY 7 8 AND 9 1968 PART ONE PURDUE UNIVERSITY LAFAYETTE INDIANA P 554-566 8 FIG KRONE R 8 THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA VIRUS ES GROUNOWATER-HOVEMENT MUNICIPAL-WASTES IRRIGATION-HATER ARTIFICIAL-RECHARGE FILTRATION SORPTION 1NFILTR ATION PERCOLATION SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES MUNICIPAL-WASTE-RECHARG SYMPOSIUM ON MUNCIPAL SEWAGE EFFLUENT FOR IRRIGATION LY 30 1968 P 75-104 2 FIG 99 REF LOUISIANA POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE RUSTON LA JU DUNLOP S G SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER RECLAIMEO-WATER MUNI CIPAL-WASTES PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA VIRUSES PARASITISM WASTE-TREATMENT ENVIROMENTAL-SANITATION WASTE-WATER- IRRIGATION SYMPOSIUM MUNCIPAL SEWAGE EFFLUENT FOR IRRIGATION LOUISIANA POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE RUSTON LA JU LY 30 1968 P 107-121 1 TAB 62 REF TAIGANIDES E P MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT GENERATION PRO CESSING UTILIZATION COMPOSTING GAS BOD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC DEHYDRATION DISPOSAL PROC 24TH INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF, PURDUE UNIV P 542-949 1969 ANTON1E R L WELCH f H PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KEYWORDS EQUIPMENT AEROBIC-C ONOtTIONS AERATION BIOOEGRAOAT10N COO BIOMASS LOADING RATE TREATMENT DAIRY PROC 24TH INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF, PURDUE UNIV, P 115-126,1969 JONES 0 D CONVERSE J C DAY 0 L AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH TOTAL-SOLIDS BOD 0 PROC CIGR, P 204-211, 1969 JONES D D DAY D L CONVERSE J C OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS KEYWORDS DO EQUIPME NT OXIDATION-DITCH ALPHA-FACTOR ODOR MASS-TRANSFER THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS CONFINEMENT PROC 24TH INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONF, PURDUE UNIV, P 542-549,1969 27 image: ------- .00 69 0157 LOEHR R C EDITOR AMMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT Kf.rw.DRDS BQD COD 00 PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION HOOS CAT TLE FERTILIZER ODORS ECONOMICS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGISLATION COSTS FEEDLOTS AERATION SOILS AEROBIC -CONDITIONS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS COKN6LL UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL HASTE MANAGEMENT JAN U -15 1969 *14 P 200 69 0158 WEINBERGER L H REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS HATER-QUALITY CQST-bENEf-lT-RAT 10 ENVIRONMENT NATIONAL-POLICY M ISCONCEPTION ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 1-3 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGO NASTE MGMT 200 69 0159 KING C K ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION—MOM AND IN THE YEARS AHEAD KEYHOROS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-STANDARDS HASTE-D1SPOS 41 ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 *-8 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON ASR HASTE MGMT 200 69 0160 BCKNARU H EFFECTS OF HATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FDR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LEGAL-AS PECTS BOO COD STANDARDS MUNICIPAL-WASTES FWPCA DISPOSAL-REQUIREMENTS ANIMAL hASTE MANAGEMENT 1919 9-16 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT 200 69 0161 LOEHR R C THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DOORS HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL- QUALITY ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 17-22 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGNT 200 69 0162 JONES P H THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL HASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KEYWORDS BOD BIOLOGI CAL-TREATMENT OXYGEN WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN DOORS CARBON AERATION CUTLOCn TREATMENT ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 23-36 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT 200 69 0163 VICKERS A F 6ENETELLI E J DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY A EROB1C-TREATMENT BOD DO ODOR LOADING-PARAMETER DESIGN SLURRIES ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 JT-*9 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE HGMT 200 69 016* SCMMIO L A LIPPER R I SHINE HASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION BOO COO METHANE OOOR FEED-RATION SHINE CHARACTERIZATION ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 50-51 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 69 0165 HELLS D M ALBIN R C GRUB H HHEATOM R Z AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID HASTES FROM CATTLE FtEDVOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT TEMPERATURE NITROGE N PHOSPHORUS COMPOST1NG-PROCESS AEROBIC-STABILIZATION CATTLE ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 58-62 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE HGMT 20D 69 0166 KOLEGA J J NELSON G L GRAVES 0 B ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYHORDS EQUATIONS OXYGEN DO MODEL S TUOIES ROTOR-AERATION OXYGENATION OXIDATION-DITCH ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 63-75 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT 200 69 0167 BLOODGOOD D E ROBSON C M AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYHOR.OS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COD LOADING-RATES KJELDAHL-NI TROGEN STORAGE DAIRY ANIMAl HASTE MANAGEMENT 19*9 76-10 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT ZOO 69 0168 CLAYTON J T FENG T H AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LONG RANGE SOLUTION K EYMORDS BOD EFFLUENTS AEROBIC-TREATMENt ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION NITRATES PH SEDIMENTATION-TANKS VOLATILE-SOL IDS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 81-17 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AM HASTE HGMT 200 69 0169 SMITH L M GOER ING H K CORDON C H INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYHORDS CATTLE ORCHARD CRASS ALFA LFA NAOH SODIUM-PEROXIDE FERMENTATION TREATMENTS ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1964 86-97 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH HASTE MGMT 200 69 0170 IONG T A BRATZtER J H FREAR 0 E.H THE VALUE OF HYDROLYZEO AND DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORDS FEEDS NITROGEN R AT10NS F£EOLOT-PERFOR*ANCE DIGESTION-COEFFICIENT CARCASS-CHARACTERISTICS POULTRY-HASTE ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 91-10* CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH HASTE HGMT 200 69 0171 *J"™T|(JN5(|e. THWUSH HASTELAGE FEEDING KEYHOROS FEEDS PERFORMANCES KASTELAGE YEAST-FERMENTATION MANAGEMENT 1969 IOS-I1J COK«LL UNIV £ONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT 200 69 OITZ 200 69 01T3 200 49 0174 ,„„ MO|WI€HT FOR UOUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE FIOH-FURROM-COVER METHOD KEYHOROS SLURRIE S DISPOSAL UTILIZATION POULTRY EQUIPMENT METHOD ANIMAL HASTg MANAGEMENT 1969 1U-1I* CORNELL UNIV CONF ON *G* WSTE HGMT MUM HANOR^jfSJ*J0JR^eT,ON 0F zJ"SD*FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS KEYHORDS FERTILIZERS CORN MICRO ««-"• UH» ON MR ««TI MM PRO»(.eML*I(ET«NLANO DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNOHATER NITRATES NITROGtN-POLLOT iffCROP-UTlLUATICHPOUUTION-CONTROL PROBLEM DISPOSAL A6R HASU M6HT ANIMAL NASTI MANAGEMENT !»»» 12«-1JO CORNELL UNIV CONF ON A6R HASTB MGHT 28 image: ------- 2uO 69 0175 2(10 69 0176 200 69 0177 200 69 0118 200 69 0179 200 69 QUO 200 69 0181 200 69 0182 200 69 0183 200 69 0184 200 69 0185 200 69 0186 200 69 0187 200 69 0188 200 69 0189 200 69 0140 200 69 0191 200 69 0192 TOHNSHEND A K REICHERT K A NOOWELL J H STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PROVINCE Of ONTARIO K.EY WORDS LAGOONS POPULATION-EQUIVALENT CONfINEPENT-HOUSING CONCENTRATIONS LAND-DISPOSAL OHIOATION-OITCH POL LUTIUN-PCITENT1AL CONTROL ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 131-149 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HAST€ MSMT DALE A C OG1LVIE J R CH1NG A C DOUGLAS M P DISPOSAL OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS BOO COD OXIDATION-REDUCTION-? OTENTlAL ODUR DISPOSAL LAGOONS IRRIGATION SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CURNELL UNIV CONF UN AGR HASTE MGMT ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 190-139 JONES D D DAY D L CONVERSE J C FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATION DITCHES IN CONFINEMENT SHINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXYGEN-DEMAND BOO coo TO TAL-SOL1DS OXIDATION-DITCHES CONFINEMENT SHINE ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 160-171 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON 1GR HASTE MGMT MOORE J A LARSON H E ALLREO E R STUDY OF THE USE OF THE OXIDATION DITCH TO STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COUP CLIMATE KEYWORDS BOD CO D AIR-TEMPERATURE ROTORS SL4ITED-FLODR OXIDATION-DITCH BEEF COLO-CLIMATE ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 172-177 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT EDWARDS J 8 ROBINSON J B CHANGES IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE NITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION OENITRIFICATION REDOK-POTENTIAL ROTORS OKIOAT10N-01TCH POULTRY ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 ITS-IS". CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT FOREE G R 0 DELL R A FARM HASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION DITCHi SETTLING TANK, LAGOON SYST fM KEYHORDS HOGS DO BOO COO f>H EFFICIENCIES TOTAL.VOLATILE IFIXED SOLIDSOISPOSAL OXIDATION-DITCH ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 185-192 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AG» HASTE MGMT RAOEMACHER J M RESN1K A V FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTR.OL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION ALITY-ACT RESEARCH REGULATION FEEDLOT ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 193-202 NORTON T E HINSEN R H CATTLE FEEDLOT HATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY FACE-STORAGE FEEDLOT ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 201-216 KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION GROUMWATEK WATER-9U CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGNT KEYWORDS HYDROSRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTENSITY BOO RUNOFF SUR CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT KEYWORD GRUB W ALBIN R C WELLS 0 M HHEATCN R Z THE EFFECT UF FEED. DESIGN, *ND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOIOTS S BOD NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF RATION FEEOLOT-LAYOUT EFFECT DESIGN MANAGEMENT CONTROL ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 217-224 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT LOEHR R C TREATMENT OF HASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLCTS-F1ELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS BOD COO AMMONI A NITRATES NITRITES RAINFALL DIGESTION AEROBIC-STABILIZATION INTERMITTENT-LOADING POL ISHING-UNIT TREATMEN T BEEF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 225-2*1 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT OS1RANDER C E HASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS NITROGEN HATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORTALITY DISPOSAL MAN ASEMENT ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 242-2*4 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT LASALLE R M JR LAUNDER M MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING CROSS-PROFIT COSTS DEHYDRATION A NHYDROUS-AMMONIA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 245-24B CORNELL UNW CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT WALKER J F POS J CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS HITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND L19U1D MANURE STORAGE TANKS KEYWORDS ANAERUB1 C AEROBIC BOD MORTALITY FEED-CONVERSION AERATOR POPULATION-EQUIVALENT LAYER OXIDATION-DITCHES STORAGE ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1964 249 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT MEEK A M MERRILL H G PIERCE R A PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE STOR.A CE ODOR SLATTED-FLOORS POISONOUS-GASES AGITATION FREE-STALL-HOUSING PROBLEMS PRACTICES ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 2S4-2S9 CORNELL UftlV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT SOBEL A T MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPOR-DILUTION RANKING THRESHOLO-OOOR-NUMBER OOOR-INTENSITY-INOEX PANEL MEASUREMENT ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 260-270 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT 6URNETT U E OONOERO N C MICROBIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH OECCMPOS1TION AND ODOR GENERATION KEYWORDS ODOR-PANEL AEROBIC-BACTERIA ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA AMMONIA HYDROGEN-SULFIDE SULFUR-BACTERIA URIC-AC! 0 OLFACTDRY-THRESHOLD-TEST ODOR-INTENSITY-INDEX THRESHOLD-ODOR-NUMHERS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969.271-291 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE MGMT GUMERMAN R C CARLSON P A CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ODOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOIL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIUE SOIL-MOISTURE SOIL-PUTS R DETENTION-TIME REMOVAL-MECHANISM REACTION-TEMPERATURE REMOVAL ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 292-302 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT EBY H J UILLSQN G 6 POULTRY HOUSE DUST, ODOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL Y DUST ODOR REMOVAL ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 303-309 KEYHORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAO-FILTEKS CLOGGING PGULtR CORNELL UNIV CONF Or. AGR WASTE MGMT 29 image: ------- 2UU 69 0193 WARD J C JEX E M CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOO PH REDOX-POTENT1AL DISSOLVED-SOLIOS FO AMING COLLOIDAL-PROPERTIES COAGULATION ACTIVATION-ENERGY VOLATILE-SOLIDS CHARACTERISTICS CATTLE ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 310-326 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH WASTE MGMT 200 69 0194 TAIGANIDES E P WHITE K K TYPICAL VARIATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS BOD OXYGEN- DEMAND WARBURG MEASUREMENT ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 327-335 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT MORRISON S M GKANT D W NEV1NS M P ELMUNU G K ROLE OF EXCRETEU ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS CATTLE BIOOEG RAOATION ASSAY RESIDUES CHLOROETRACYCLINE ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 336-339 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT EL-SABBAN F F LONG T A GENTRY R F FREAR D E H THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARBOHYDRATES INSULATIO N VENTILATION MINERALOGY MOISTURE NUTRITIVE-VALUE CORRELATION-ANALYSIS LITTER ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 340-346 CORNELL UNIV CONF.ON AGK HASTE MGMT SOBEL A T REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR MOISTURE-CONTENT WEIGHT VOLUME HUMIDITY REMO 200 69 0196 200 69 0197 ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 347-362 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE MGMT 200 69 0198 BINIEK J P TANOARD" (>ROOUCTION vs ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFFICIENCY ODORS SUALITY-S ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 363-368 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT 200 69 0199 OKEY R W RICKLES R N TAYLOR R 6 !S!;*IWE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS CATTLE EFFLUENT BOD COD ODOR AERATION NITROGEN COST-ANALYSIS ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL CLARIFIER TECHNIQUES ANIMAL NASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 369-387 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 69 0200 LINTON R E ISPCSA°NOMICS °F POWLTRY M*NWtE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASH LAND-USE LAND-0 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 388-392 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 69 0201 MCEACHRON L W 2WERMAN P J KEARL C 0 HUSGRAVE R B ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS ROTATION S SOIL-TYPES LAND-DISPOSAL CONTINUOUS-CORN ECONOMIC DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 393-400 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 69 0202 CASLER G L ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COSTS ODOR VALUE FERTIL IZER LABOR LIQUID-MANURE DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 401-406 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 69 0203 ALLEE D J CLAVEL P HANISMSULP REGUL*TE POULTItY CONFLICT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ODOR GOVT COMMUNICATION REGULATORY-MEC ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT 1969 407-414 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 69 0423 FWPCA 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-DATA NITR4TE BOD RU NOFF LEGISLATION WATER-QUALITY DISPOSAL STORAGE POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS SEDIMENT GR ANTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT USOI FWPCA, MISSOURI BASIN REGION , KANSAS CITY MISSOURI 256 P 200 69 0424 RESNIK A V RADEMACHER J M ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF-A MAJOR WATER OUALITY CHALLENGE KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOD POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION EUTROPH 2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, USDI FWPCA , PAPER 1 200 69 0425 DAGUE R R ANIMAL HASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF MANAGEMENT IOWA RE TENT I ON PROBLEM 2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER 2 14 P 200 69 0426 GRAY M W REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY RECREATION I EGA L-ASPECTS FEEOLOT MANAGEMENT 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER 3 38 P 200 69 0427 SMITH G E MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEEDlot WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NUTRIENT CATTLE FERTI LIZER COSTS MANAGEMENT DISPOSAL 2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USOI-FWPCA, 'PAPER 4 8 P 200 69 0428 LIPPED R I DESIGN FOR FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD NUTRIENTS POLLUTANTS DESIGN MANAGEMENT 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA PAPER 6 9 P 200 69 0429 SMITH G E CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITROGEN HETHEMOGLOBIN LE ACHING FERTILIZERS 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USOI-FWPCA,PAPER 7 16 P 200 69 0430 NORTON T E HANSEN R W CATTLE FEEOLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQUID-WASTE PROCEDURE EQUIPMENT FEEOLOT HYDROLOGY 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER 8 26 P 30 image: ------- R03QHN M F MAJOR PROBLEMS OF HATER POLLUTION' CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT LAGOONS LESAL-ASPECTS SUGAR-bEETS IRRIGATION SALTS FERTILIZERS PROCESS!NGPROBLEMS 2 ND COMPENDIUM Of ANIMAL HASTE MGMT, USDI-FHPCA, PAPER 9 L6 P 200 69 0*J3 200 69 0482 200 69 0516 200 49 0517 ' 200 69 0518 200 69 0519 200 69 0520 200 69 0521 iOO 69 05Z2 200 69 052} 200 69 0524 200 69 0525 200 69 0526 200 69 0127 200 49 0528 200 69 0529 200 69 0510 ZOO 69 0531 JENSEN £ T AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF HATER POLLUTION A RESEARCH SOURCE 2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL MASTE MGMT, USDI-FHPCA KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LIVESTOCK GRANTS FUPC PAPER 10 11 P SMITH T R EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON HATER CUAL1TY NITROGEN EFFECT 2 ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL MASTE MGMT, USDI-FWPCA, PAPER U KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOFF PESTICIDES ALGAE 11 P XlTiEL S A MINSHALL N 6 MCCOY E OLSEN R J CRABTREE K T THE EFFECTS OF FARM HASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL HATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATEK NUTRIENTS NITRATES MIT RITES POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS WELLS SUPPLEMENTAL-IRRIGATION FERTILIZERS FISHKILL EUTROPHICATION ALGAL-GROWTH DEOXYGENATION EFFECTS POLLUTION ASAE ANNUAL MEETING PAPER NO 69-428 PURDUE U Z*P 1969 UMV OF HISC EXT SER PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CATTLE HOGS POULTRY ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL-ASPECTS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION UNIV EXTENSION THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN NOV 6-7 1969 129 P BLACK R J KEHft HO OUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION POPULATION O.UANTITES CHAR. ACTERISTltS PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND 6Y-PROD MGMT CONF NOV 6-7 l»6» 17-21 UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION MCCOY E HEALTH-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS BACTERIA COL1FDRMS ENTEROCOCCI ADSORPTION SILT-LOAM-SOU HEALTH-PRObLEHS PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION P 22-2* NOV 6-7 1969 EVANS 0 AESTHETICS AND ODORS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIDE ANAEBOBIC-CONDITIONS DOOR-THRESHOLD AESTHETICS PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND 8Y-PROP MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION P ZS-Z4 MOV 6-7 1969 ERDMANN A A DEAD-ANIMALS ANO HOW THEY CONTRIBUTE TO POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS DEAD-ANIMAL-OISPOSAL RENOE RING-PLANTS POLLUTION PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF SCHRAUFNAGEL F H WATER-QUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN ROBLEMS PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF BRAY R H FUTURE-TRENDS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISCONSIN EKUNStQN P 2T-Z9 NOV 6-7 1969 PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FLOW LAND-DISPOSAL WISCONSIN EXTENSION P JO-J2 NOV 6-T 1949 WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE HOGS ODOR MlSC EXTENSION P 31-35 NOV 6-7 1969 BEATTY M T KERRIGAN J E PORTER W K WHAT AND WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-WASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN WISCONSIN KEYWORDS SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION GEOLOGY SOILS POPULATION WATER-QUALITY WISCONSIN PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF HISC EXTENSION P 24-57 NOV 6-7 1969 8ERGE 0 I BRUNS E G BREVU T J BROOKS LA CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COSI INVESTMENT STORAGE- TANKS DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF wise EXTENSION P ss-69-NCv 6-7 1969 BARTH C ENGINEERING-RESEARCH ON FARM-ANIMAL-MINURE KEYWORDS DOORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-MANAGEMENT RESEARC H . PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGHT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 70-79 NOV *-7 1969 DUMELLE JO NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON »NIMAL-WASTE-OISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RESEARCH PRDC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF HI2C EXTENSION P 60-31 NOV 6-7 1969 KERRIGAN J E . . • - - .--'•'' WATER-RESOURCES-CENTER RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTES AND WATER-QUALITY KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION WISCONSIN R ESEAftCH PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF. UNIV OF HISC EXTENSION P 82-65 NOV 6-7 1969 SKINNER J THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS ODOR LAND-USE GOALS POPULATION PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE ANO BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 86-90 NOV 6-7 1969 YANGGEN DA INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL STATE ANO LOCAL ACTION-PR.OGR.AN& TO SOLVE ANIMAL-WASTE-OISPOSAl PROttLEHS KEYWORDS GDVI-PROGRANPROGRAMS PROBLEMS PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 91 NOV 6-7 1969 HALL F E ...... THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN FARH-ANIKAL-WASTE ANO THE BY-PRODUCT MAN AGEMENT KEYWORDS FWPCA WATER-OUAL1TY-STANDARDS MANAGEMENT PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROO MGMT CONF, UNIV CF HISC EXTENSION P 92-9S NOV 6-7 196.9 DENSMORE J . - . • TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM THE SOU-CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS SCS SUHFACE-RUNOFF PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 96-97 NOV 6-7 1969 31 image: ------- iUO lit 0532 HUOVER K H COST-SHARIN5 UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL-CONSERVATION-PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT WISCONSIN PKOC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 98-100 NOV 6-7 1969 Hit! 69 0533 FRANCOS T G THE REGULATORY ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL-RESOURCES KEYWORDS LEGISLATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT WISC PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 101-10* NOV 6-7 19(>9 200 6S 053* TUSS J COLUMBIA-COUNTY PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUf ION-ABATEMENT ODOR ZONING NITRATES PROGRAM PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE ANU 8Y-PRUO MGMT CONF, UNIV Of- WISC EXTENSION P 10S-107 NOV 6-7 1969 200 69 05J5 JOHNSON J i*E THE PROBLEMS IN WALHORTH-COUNTY KEYWORDS ZONING LAND-USE REGULATION WATER-POLLUTION EDUCATION PROBLEMS PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 108-110 NOV 6-7 1969 200 69 0536 VANDEBERG G ROLE OF UNIVERSITY-EXTENSION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES WATER-POLLUTION ROLE PROC FARM ANIMAL HASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF WISC EXTENSION P 111-113 NOV 6-7 1969 200 69 0537 VILSTRUP R H WHEHE 00 WE GO FROM HERE KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROC FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PROD MGMT CONF, UNIV OF wise EXTENSION P 114-115 NOV 6-* 1969 200 69 0539 US OEPT INT FWPCA PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS CATTLE HATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOT-POLLUT10N-CONT ROL ANIMAL-PRODUCTION FEEDLOT-REGULATION MISSOURI BASIN REGION FWPCA USOI FEBRUARY 1969 40 P 200 69 0540 CLAYTON W INDUSTRY AND THE EN/1RONMENT-FEEDLQT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOSYSTEMS POLLUTIDN-AB ATENENT MANAGEMENT PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL ,P5-7, FEB 69 200 69 05*1 JESSEE R S FEEOLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR CATTLE POLLUTION PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P7-8, FEB69 200 69 0542 RAOEMACHER J M ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GRQUNDHATER FISH-KILL WELLS OVERVIEW PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED MAT POLL CONTROL, P7-9, FE H 69 200 69 0543 JOSEPH C B ' INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMICS GROUNDWATER RUNO FF CONTROL PKOC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P9-10, FEB 69 200 69 0544 BADALICH J P HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MINNESOTA PERMITS IN VENTORY _ PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED" WAT POLL CONTROLf Pll-12, FEB 69 200 69 0545 ROZ1CH F J HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION COLORADO WATER-OUALIT Y-ACT INVENTORY PROC ANIMAL WASTE HGMT CONF. FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P12-14, FEB 69 « 200 69 0546 MAYES J L J THE KANSAS ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WATER-O.UALITY-CONTROL ODOR PERMITS KANSAS CONTROL PROGRAM PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL , PIS-IT, FEB 69 200 69 0547 0 BRIEN T FILIPI T A CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE- STORAGE CONTROL FEEOLOT RUNOFF PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL ,P18-19. FEB 69 200 69 OS4S EVANS C E RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS IN NORTHEASTERN C OLORADO AND EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS NITRATES BOO ODOR RUNOFF AMMONIA RESEARCH MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED HAT POLL CONTROL, P20-22, FEB 69 200 69 0949 MINER J R THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPHENT CON TROL PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P23-24. FEB 69 200 69 OS50 TURN6ULL R HOW TO GAIN PUBLIC SUPPORT KEYWORDS RUNOFF POLLUTION-ABATEMENT CATTLE PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P24-23, FEB 69 200 69 0551 BADALICH J P MINNESOTA FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULATION ADMINISTRATIVE -AGENCIES FEEDLOT CONTROL PROGRAM PROC ANIMAL HASTE MGMT CONF, FED MAT POLL CONTROL, P25-26, FEB 69 200 69 0552 BARKER B STATUS, PLANS, C NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS REG ULATION LEGISLATION ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES CATTLE CONTROL PROGRAM SOUTH DAKOTA PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P26, FEB 69 32 image: ------- 200 69 0593 2UO 69 200 69 0555 200 69 0556 200 69 05S7 200 69 0558 200 69 0559 200 69 0560 200 69 0561 200 69 0562 200 69 0563 200 69 0564 WILLEMS D STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEULOTS KEYWORDS REOULATIONS POLLUT ION-ABATEMENT MONTANA S PROGRAM CONTROL FEEOLOTS PROC ANIMAL HASTE MGMT.CUNF, FED HAT POLL CONTROL. P27, FEB 69 CROCKETT B MISSOURI S ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT AOMtNI STRATIVE-AGENC I ES CATT LcMISS-QURIMANAGEMENT PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P27, FEB 69 GRAY M w STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS REGULATION LEG1SL PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P28, FEB 69 FILIP1 T A STATUS REPORT-NEbRASKA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF AOMIN I STRAT IVE-AGENC IES CATTLE CONTROL PROGRAM PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL P29, FEB 69 PETERSON N L = S PROGRAM T0 CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS REGULATIONS ADMINIS RUNOFF CATTLE NORTH-DAKOTA 5 PROGRAM CONTROL PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P30, FEB 69 ROZICH F J COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEY WORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION CATTLE ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES COLORADO S CONTROL PROGRAM PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P30-31 FEB 69 SCHLIEKELMAN R J FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES CATTLE FEEDLOT CO NTROL I OWA PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED HAT POLL CONTROL, P31-32. FEB 69 RESNIK A V ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULATION MANAGEMENT PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL. P33-3*, FEB 69 PETERSON N L ^INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE CONFINE PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P34-35 FEB 69 MCNABB C G ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF. FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFINEMENT PENS PROBLEM PROC ANIMAL HASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P35-36 FEB 69 MATTHEW F L A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUNOFF REGULATION LEG1 SLAT ION PROCEDURE PROC ANIMAL WASTE NGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P37-38, FEB 69 SCHMID L A RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BYPRODUCTS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RESEARCH CATTLE CONTROL PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P38-39, FEB 69 200 69 0565 BERNARD H RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VIEWS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT CATTLE ADMINISTRATIVE PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FED WAT POLL CONTROL, P*0, FEB 69 200 69 0566 BOOENHAMER S H DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION POLLUT ION-ABATEMEN T MANAGEMENT PROGRAM PROC ANIMAL WASTE MGMT CONF, FEO WAT POLL CONTROL, P«0,FEB 69 200 69 0676 MCCALLA T M V1ETS F G JR CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS HUNOFF GROUNOHATER MICROBI AL BEEF FEEDLOTS PROCEEDINGS POLLUTION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM MAY 23 1971 2«PP 200 69 0696 ROBBINS J W D KRIZ G J HOWELLS D H BUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-HATERS DISCHARGE LAGOONS NITRATES PHOSPH ORUS COLIFORMS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO TOX1CITY ANTIBIOTICS SHINE ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 63-706 CHICAGO 42P DEC 1969 200 69 0706 MOORE J A BATES D W HANDLING, STORAGE. AND TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS KEYWORDS STORAGE-TA NKS DISPOSAL LABOR TREATMENT-FACILITIES SLURRIES STRUCTURAL-DESIGN HANDLING STORAGE TREATMENT DAIRY BEEF CONFINED ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 69-935 9P CHICAGO DEC 1969 200 69 0708 BOBBINS J W 0 KRIZ G J HOWELLS D H TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE HASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOD COO TEST-PROCEDURES RUNOFF HAT ER-OUALITY RUNOFF TOXICITY STABILIZATION CORRELATION-ANALYSIS SHINE ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 69-928 27P CHICAGO DEC 1969 200 69 0756 JEDELE D G DAY D L SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FACILITIES SPECIFICATI ONS MANAGEMENT ASAE WINTER MEETING PAPER NO 69-934 4P CHICAGO DEC 1969 33 image: ------- KEYWORDS LAGOONS RUNOFF POLLUTANTS P ZbO 69 1102 BOPANDIKAR M V MICROBIOLOGY OF A HASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY OXIDATION-LAGOONS BACTERIA EFFICIENCIES LAGOONS MICROORGANISMS ORGANIC-LOADING PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA PONDS VIRUSES BACTERIAL- REMOVAL VIRAL-REMOVAL ADVANCES IN MATER POLLUTION RESEARCH PROCEEDINGS FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATER POLLUTION RE SEARCH CZECHOSLOVAKIA APRIL 21-29 1969 7 P 32 REF 200 69 1116 MOORE J A MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADING CATTLE HOGS SH EEP FARM-WASTES HATER-POLLUTION-SUUKCES WATEK-OUALI TY HASTE-DISPOSAL MINNESOTA NITKOGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASS IUM AEROBIC-TREATMENT hATER-POLLUTION-CUNTRCL HATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL WRSC BULLETIN 13 MATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENT ER UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 1969 f 29-3* 2 TAB 200 69 1117 ANON r HATEK POLLUTION OY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNUAL MEETING OF MINN ESOTA CHAPTER SOU CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-EFFE CTS EUTROPHICATION NUTRIENTS ALGAE FISH-POPULATION HATER-PQLLUTION-CONTROL FARM-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES S EPTIC-TANKS RECREATION-HASTES WATER-QUALITY * WRSC BULLETIN 13 MINNESOTA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 1969 79 P 200 69 116T TAIGANIOES E P AGRICULTURAL HASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION HASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURAL-WASTES SUBSIDY CHEMICALS CONFINEMENT-PENS MUNICIPAL-WASTES MANAGEMENT URBAN-RURAL-INTERFACE FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION PROCEEDINGS 24TH ANNUAL MEETING SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS AUG 10-13 1969 P 90-92 2 FIG 200 69 1185 BINIEK J P ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBICIDES HATER-PULL UTION-CONTROL FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL LIVESTOCK FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-TREATMENT PERCOLATION MANAGEMENT FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION PROCEEDINGS 24TH ANNUAL MEETING SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS AUG 10 13 1969 P 102-106 1 TAB 10 REF 200 70 005* OORNBUSH J N POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA OPULAT10N-EOUIVALENTS FEEDLUTS LOCATING CATTLE SOUTH DAKOTA CROC SOUTH DAKOTA AGR AND WAT QUALITY P 37-46, 1970 200 70 01U BACHE 0 H SHINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS COSTS STORAGE-CAPACIT Y OOOR OXIDATION LEGISLATION SLATTED-FLOORS LAND-DISPOSAL AMERICAN PORK CONFERENCEi PAPER, DES MOINES IA MARCH 3 1970 200 70 0214 SWADER F N RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COO FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS N P K RUN OFF EFFLUENT PRECIPITATION FEEDLOTS HATER-POLLUTION PROCEEDINGS, CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AC WASTE MGMT 1970 270P 200 TO 021! STECKEL J E MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYMORDS SOIL-WATER LYS1METER PLOW-FURROM-COVER APPLIC ATION-RATES NUTRIENTS POULTRY REL OF AG TO SOIL C WATER POLLUTION 1970 P30 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 70 0216 MIELKE L N ELLIS J R SWANSON N P LORIMOR J C MCCALLA T M GROUNOHATER DUALITY AND FLUCTUATIONS IN A SHALLOW UNCONFINEO AQUIFER UNDER A LEVEL FEEDLOT KEYWORDS NITRAT E DISCHARGE GROUNOHATER FEEDLOT REL OF AG TO SOIL C. WATER POLLUTION 1970 P31-40 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 70 0217 HILEMAN L H POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKANSAS KEYWORDS HATE R-POLLUTION SOIL-TESTS NUTRIENTS SALTS IONS NITRATES POULTRY-LITTER ARKANSAS REL OF AG TO SOIL L HATER POLLUTION 1970 41-47 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 70 0218 DAY 0 L REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES WITH IN-THE-BUILOING OXIDATION DITCHES KEYWORDS LAGO ON BOD ROTORS DENITRIFICATION OXIDATION-DITCH COAGULATION REL OF AG TO SOIL C, WATER POLLUTION 1970 77-94 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH WASTE MGMT 200 70 0219 OKEY R W RICKLES R N THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORDS CATTLE BIOLOGICAL -TREATMENT BOO PHOSPHORUS CAPITAL-COSTS INSTALLATION-COSTS INCINERATION DESIGN DISPOSAL REL OF AG TO SOIL t WATER POLLUTION 1970 85-97 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGH WASTE MGMT 200 70 0220 MCKENNA M F CLARK J H THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEEDER-HOG ENTERPRISES KEYWORDS STORAGE-CAPACITY FERTILIZERS STORAGE-TANKS VALUE ECONOMICS HANDLING SPREADING HOG REL OF AG TO SOIL £ WATER POLLUTION 1970 98-110 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 70 0221 OVERMAN A R HORTENSTINE C C WING J M LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER WATER-POLLUTION SPRINKL ER-IRRIGATION DISPOSAL DAIRY REL OF AG TO SOIL t HATER POLLUTION 1970 123-126 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT 200 70 0222 FRINK C * THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION CORN NITRATE UREA NITROGEN DAIRY REL OF AG TO SOIL C HATER POLLUTION 1970 127-133 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 TO 0223 Jj*^5|NJT^ANsFORMATijNS*AND%LANT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT-MASTES T 0 SOIL KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION NITRATE AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE INCUBATION FEEDLOT SOIL REL Of AG TO SOIL I WATER POLLUTION 1970 207-214 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 34 image: ------- 200 70 022". SHANSON N P MlELKE L N LORIMOR J C HYOROLOGIC-STUOIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEOLOTS IN EASTERN NEBRASKA KEYWORDS RUN OFF EVAPORATION INFILTRATION EROSION MANURE-PACK FEEDLOTS NEBRASKA REL OF AG TO SOIL i WATER POLLUTION 1970 236-232 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MGMT 200 70 0225 WALKER U R LEGAL-RESTRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYWORDS ODORS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES LEGISLATION COMMON- LAM REL OF AC TO SOIL C WATER POLLUTION 1970 233-241 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGHT 200 70 0226 SCHULTZ D A A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-HASTES TO SURFACE-WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS N f K WATER-QUALITY NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER NUTRIENT-LOSSES METHOD POLLUTION REL OF AG TO SOU 6 WATER POLLUTION 1170 251-262 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AM HASTE MGNT 200 70 0227 ZWEKMAN f J ORIELSMA A 6 JONES G 0 KLAUSNER S 0 ELLIS D RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS Of DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROTATIONS FERTILIZER NTENSITY INFILTRATION DAIRY REL OF AG TO SOIL t. WATER POLLUTION 1970 263-270 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR H1STE HGMT 200 70 0232 WELLS 0 M GRUB H ALBIN R C MEENAGHAN C F COLEMAN E A CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION CONTROL POLLUT ION FEEOLOTS PRESENTED 5TM INTERNATIONAL WATER POLLUTION CONF JULY-AUG 70 PER1AMON PRESS LID SPP. 71 200 70 0234 NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOD COO DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT TREATMENT DISEASE HEALTH OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHING-GUTTER NUISANCE BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT BUILDINGS POPULATION-EQUIVALENTS LAGO ONS AERATION TOX1CITY PRDC OF SYMP, THE INST OF WAT POLLUT CONTR UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE 1970, 1*8 PACES 200 70 0235 JONES K B C RILEY C T ORIGINS AND NATURE DF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK PLANNING ORIGINS H ATURE ' , PROC OF SYMP FARM HASTES,UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER UP 7-1* 1970 200 70 0236 COWAN D ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK RIVER-AUTHORITIES INTENSIVE-FARMNATURE PROC SVMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 2, P15-18 1970 200 70 0237 BERRYMAN C THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL FERTILITY KEYHOROS DISPOSAL SLURRIES COMPOSITION FERTILITY IRRIGATION ANAEROBIC NUTRIENTS PROBLEM DISPOSAL SOIL PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 3, P 19-23 1970 200 70 0239 VENN J A J THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIES TDXICITY HEALTH G ASES PROBLEM PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER *, t 2*-29 1970 200 70 0239 BARTROP T H C FARM WASTES PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION DISEASE BACTERIA HEALTH NUISANCE PROBLEMS PROC SYMP FARM WASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER t, P 33-37 1970 200 70 02*0 FISH H WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS LEGAL ASPECTS BOD UK LAW RUNOFF QUALITY SOURCES RIPARIAN-WATER POLLUTION DISPOSAL PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE. PAPER 6, P 38-»3 1970 200 70 02*1 SIMPSON J R HIBBERD R L SEWERS AND SEHA6E TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAPITAL-COST UK BOD PO PUlAT ION-EQUIVALENTS SEWAGE LOADING-RATES MOGOEN-FORMULA PROC SYMP FARM WASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER It P **-5l 1970 200 70 02*2 BARRETT F MINIMIZING THE HASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERSE-OSMOSIS AERATION TREATMENT EQUIPMENT STERILI2ATION ADSORPTION CHLORINATION RECIRCULATED MATER DISPOSAL PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER », P S7-65 1970 200 70 02*3 RILEY C T MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOD UK FERTILISERS SLUDGE CHEMICAL PROPER TIES LAND-USE POULTRY PROBLEMS PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 4, P 66-72 1970 200 70 02** POINTER C G MINIMIZING THE HASTE PROBLEM WITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SHINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS DESIGN FAKROWING C LEANING PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 10 P 73-80 1970 200 70 02*5 COOPER M M MINIMIZING THE HASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT-PENS UK PROBLEM C ATTLE PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 11 P 81-83 1970 200 70 02*6 HELLER J B BUILDING DESIGN KEYwTflOS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STORAGE UK SLATTED-FLO ORS LIVESTOCK DESIGN PROC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPER 12, P »<.-93 1970 200 70 02*7 GLERUM J C OE JONS APS POHMA H R BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA COSTS HOUSING D ESIGN POOC SYMP FARM HASTES, UNIV NEWCASTLE, PAPEK 13 P 94-100 35 image: ------- 200 70 0248 SMITH R J HAZEN T E MINER J R PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED HASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EOUIPMENT OXIOATION-DITCH FLUSHING-CUTTER SLUR RIES RECIRCULATED-WATER DESIGN ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 14 P 101-105 1970 200 70 0249 QUICK A J LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF (-ARM WASTES 1 PLANNING AND CHOICE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EfFECTS MANAGEMENT CO HPAHISON DISPOSAL STORAGE PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 15 P 110-115 1970 200 70 0250 PAYNE J I LAND DISPOSAL. ANB STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EOUIPMENT SLURRIES COSTS IRRIGATION DISPOSAL STORAGE HANDLING DISTRIBUTION PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 16 P 116-121 1970 200 70 0251 ROBINSON K BAXTER S H SAXON J R AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOO COO OXIDATION-DITCH SHINE E OUIPMENT TREATMENT PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 17 P 122-131 1970 200 70 0252 BAINES S ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METHANE MIXING 600 PH 0 IGESTIDN ANAEROBIC TREATMENT PROC SYMP FAKM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 18 P 132-137 1970 UNIV OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION 200 70 0253 SCHELTINGA H M J POELMA H R TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES OXIDATION-PITCH PAS VEER-DITCH AEROBIC-TREATMENT BOD COSTS TREATMENT PROC SYMP FARM WASTES UNIV NEWCASTLE PAPER 19 P 136-148 200 70 0320 N J TASK FORCE AGRICULTURAL-WASTES IN AN URBAN-ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODUR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARCH-NEEDS PUBLIC-RELA TIONS PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 256 P NEH JERSEY ANIMAL WASTE TASK FORCE 200 70 0321 RETRUM R WASTE-DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION, POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDERING-PLANT ODORS SEWAGE LAGOONS AERATION COSTS DISPOSAL POULTRY PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 64-79 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE 200 70 0322 BRADY N C FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 B9-98 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE 200 70 0323 HERR G H AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIOUID-HANOLING SHUO MOISTURE-CONTENT RESEARCH PROC AG HASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRUN SEPT 1970 109-117 NEH JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE 200 70 0324 LOEHR R C DISPOSAL OF SOLID AGRICULTURAL-WASTES - CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES KEYWORDS RESEARCH-NEEDS RSFEED1NG LAND-0 ISPOSAL DISPOSAL PROC AG HASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 126-134 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL WASTE TASK FORCE 200 70 0325 REED C H RECYCLING ANO UTILIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE-HASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS NITROGEN-CYCLE RECYCLING PROC AG WASTE IN AN URbAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 135-139 NEW JERSEY ANIMAL WASTE TASK FORCE 200 70 0326 LUKE G W AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT OOOR WASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RESEARCH-NEEDS PROC AG WASTE IN AN URBAN ENVIRON SEPT 1970 140-141 NEH JERSEY ANIMAL HASTE TASK FORCE 200 70 0498 WITHEROH J L SCALF M R WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIENT KANSAS SPRINKLER -IRRIGATION CONTROL FEEOLOTS ASAE TEX SECTION 6TH ANNUAL MEETING 9P SEPT 1970 200 70 0670 LOEHR R C ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FARM -MANAGEMENT OXIDATION-PONDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA ANAEROBIC SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS HASTEHATER-TREATMENT RUNOFF F£ RTILIZER NITRATES POULTRY SHINE CATTLE ODORS INCINERATION DRYING PHOSPHOROUS DISPOSAL PROC OF THE 9TH ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL t HATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING CONF, VANOEKBILT UNIV SCHOOL OF EN G TECH RPT 22 JUNE * 1970 P 185-198 OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG ABATTOIR HASTEWATER KEYHORD OPERATING-COSTS EFFLUENTS ACTIVATEO-SL UDGE BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO LABOR PRE-TREATMENT MANAGEMENT INDIANA ANAEROBIC HOG PROC 25TH INO HASTE CONF, ENG EXT SEK NO 137 PURDUE U PART 2PP612-616 MAY 1970, 200 TO 0698 ^J^c"eJ|STICS ANO EFFECTS"^" CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWO RD FISHKILL OISSCLVEO-UXYGEN DIVERSION-STRUCT URES SEDIMENTATION BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO ALGAE CONFINEMENT-PENS IMPOUNDMENTS ALGAL-BLOOMS CHARACTER!* TICS EFFECTS RUNOFF PROC 25TH INO HASTE CONF PART 2 P855-664 MAY 1970 OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASH KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORCED-DRYING OXIDATIO N-PONDS ODOR RUNOFF POULTRY ECONOMICS INVESTMENT PROBLEMS DISPOSAL PROC POULTRY H4STE MGMT SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS Pl-5 JUNE 1970 r»iUSBT r r MORGAN N 0 MARTIN R D EBY H J BIOOEWAMTION OF POULTRY MANURE FROM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVAE PROTEIN BIOOEGRAD PROCNPOULTRY'HASTE MGMT SEM u GEORGIA ATHENS Pt-12 JUNE 1970 200 70 0715 200 70 0716 36 image: ------- 200 70 0717 KEIM J K PpUULTRYNGMMJGEMENTrTATICIN ^ 'T$ REL4TIONSHI" r° WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS 600 SEWER MUNICIPAL-WASTES PROC POULTRY kASTE MGMT SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS P13-15 JUN 1970 200 70 0718 HAKM C PROC%GULTRY'>u^rFlMr»?0^uSINrCPLANTS KEYWDK[)S BOO POULTRY BACTERIA INDUSTRIAL-WASTES PKOC POULTRY WASTE M&MT SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS P16-22 JUN 1970 2C.O 70 0719 WILLIAMS 0 J LE FERTILIZE^EFEEO?I'O'NG F"°M THE USE °F POULTRV LIT'E« ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE PASTURE POULTRY C»TT PrfOC POULTRY WASIE MCMf SEM U GEORGIA ATHENS P23 JUNE 1970 ' ioo 70 0727 SHEFFIELD c w KALEEL R T MoRMwTENw« UKES KE"ORD """""-EFFECTS DENITR.FICATION EUTRO CANALS MTMn^n™ E^FE^S NAGE-WAT ER NITRATES WATER-MANAGEMENT PEAT PHOSPHATES DIKES PROC 25TH 1:40 HAST6 CONF PAKT 2 P904-913 MAY 1970 ZOO 70 0728 SHAKT P HCKINNEY R E S5MM5tN?*S«'l2?mi?!!o sJSSw^^ISM!1 n"KET K£ri*ORD "ROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT AERAT.ON c ODORLESS PORK v*Te°-SLUDGE 8IDCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEHAND ROTORS ODOR ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS CONCRETE-SLATS PROC 25TH I NO WASTE CONF, ENG EXT SER NO 137 PURDUE U PART 2PP757-760 MAY 1970 200 70 0737 KOELL1K6R J K MINER J R ^ PROC 25TH IfcO WASTE CONF, ENG EXT SER NO 137 PURDUE 0 PART IPP*7Z-*BO MAY 1970 200 70 0747 OASUE R R 2UO 70 0715 SHEFFIELD C W SEVILLE 8 ""KfER-tRj^ON^SBS SUOSURFACE-ORAINS S TY RETENTION FLORICA ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DAIRY-INDUSTRY 8IOCMEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO 1URBIDI PROC 25IH IND WASTE CONF PART J P114-9U MAY 1970 200 70 1050 8ERRY P S TRANSCRIPTS OF THE SPEECHES NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW NOVEMBER 1970 P 183-207 200 70 1053 MIOOAUGH P R N-SoRCESART, AC»»rn METH°DS FW """T'"6 fECAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTIO o rc"s-"ISs "«"^""-J»«'""^"^ COMPLETION REPORT OWRR PROJECT A-019-S DAK1 APRIL 1970 1* P 1200 70 111J LOEHR R c SCHULTE 0 0 2l,V2?6ri?L^D SUCK WA5T" KEYWOROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WASTES PILOT-PLANTS FLOCCULATION DISSOLVED-OXYGEN BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND AEROB OES.GN-CRITERIA MArHEMAMCAL-MODEL ! S5 "" W*SI6 TRE*™ENT LACOONS KiNS*S tITY MISSOURI JUNE 23-2S 1970 P 2^-258 200 70 111* HART S A ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A SUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LAGOONS ORGANIC-LOA DING INFILTRATION EVAPORATION PERCOLATION AERATION OXYGENATION DOORS SPR NKLER-IRR CATION AEROBIC-CONDI T I S«S fN*f«OBIC-CONOITIONS 8IOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT AERifEU-lAGOONS AEROBIC-CONDI TI 1 IA» "5 MF SVMP°SIUK f°" "STE ""TMENT LAGOONS KANSAS CITY MISSOURI JUNE 23-2S 1970 P 320-JJ* 200 70 HIS LOEHR R C CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS ° SUPPLY SOURCE AND CONTROL 200 70 1118 LAW JR J P WlTHEROW J L !AnRyS«i'In, r,A.TIAG,E'lfN? PRO»LE"& IN ARI° REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION-SOU "in «J5Soi:s^KTi^s?NNro^ii?^ns^EsF^;!^;i??EfSu^^iiTf EVAPORUION SAUNiiy »«"-«*r,sit,s;^i.iS!: FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION HATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES 13030 UYV t 6» OCT 1970 105 P 200 70 1199 MUEHL1NG A J JDL?D^L^slw!TnESo,NDGSUOTTEB-FELr^S fARM-AST« "*"*«""< "STE-DISPOSAL HOGS LAGOONS IRR.GAT.ON IAL R 37 TB|?"loSF "'eWuKl'Sie*!,?!;1!!1,;!""1"- REP°RT 3" °REGON 5t'TE «N«««ITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMEN image: ------- 200 70 1175 BRINCK C^W^ 0|SPOS4L KEyWUROS WATER-LAW KEGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT HA MONTANA AGRICULTURE FOCUS ON IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT COLLS&E OF GREAT FALLS DEC 3 * 1970 P 41-43 200 71 0374 QWE K£4N By paLLurluN KEYWUROS ENV1 RONMENT-OUALI TY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING COSTS INDUCEMENTS PESTICIDES 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FE6 1971 UES KOINES 1-6 200 71 0275 CLUSEN MRS 0 THE CITIZENS-VIEW OF POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT 33RU ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DCS MOINES 7-13 200 71 0276 DOUGLAS P THE SPORTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TDXICITY BIOLOGICAL-CONCENTRATION 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MCINES 15-22 200 71 0277 STANEK G THE FARMERS CONCERN KEYWORDS PESTICIDES WATER-POLLUTION PANIC-PUWER MIS-USE RESISTANCE 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES KOINES 23-29 POPULATION GROWTH-RATE SHOULDNT GET ALL THE DLAM6 KEYWORDS FERTILITY CITIES RESOURCES 33RO ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FES 1971 OES KOINES 31-39 POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTkOPH ICAT ION TOXICITY WATER- SUPPLIES FERTLILZEKS 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FAR* INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES *0-48 200 71 0280 UPHOLT w M PESTICIDES KEYWORDS DDT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES 33RD ANNUAL. NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 40-48 200 71 0261 TAIGANIDES E P LIVESTOCK-WASTE KEYWORDS COPROLOGY 8YPROOUCIS PRODUCTION 33RO ANNUAL, NATIONAL F4«M INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES MOINES 57 SEMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHEDS VALUE BENEFITS 33RO ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 67-76 ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTHOL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENV IRONMENTAL-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS CONTROL 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES MOINES 77-85 200 71 0284 COCHRAN ^{J^^.^,.,^,,,,,, KEmRDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONSERVANCY-DISTRICTS I OWA LEGISLATION 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 87-9} 200 71 0285 POLLUTION-CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO SHOULD MAKE THEM KEYWORDS INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS LEGISLATION CONTROL 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 OES MOINES 85-99 200 71 0286 .g^^s FRQM URB4N POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMENT-CELLS MICHIGAN PU MfMNG CONTROL 33RD ANNUAL, NATIONAL FARM INSTITUTE FEB 1971 DES MOINES 101-107 200 71 0**0 L||HLJA*pECTS pERUININ(. ^ ENmONMENm REGULATIONS IN PORK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS NUISANCE-LAW ACTUAL-DA MAGES PUNITIVE-DAMAGES LAWSUITS WATER-POLLUTION ZONING LICENSING PORK-PRODUCTION AM PORK CONGRESS MARCH 3,1971 OES MOINES IA 103-111 200 71 0*83 MNER^J ^.^^^ ,.„„„,_„ H[TH mIRONMENTAL QUALITY-STANDARDS KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY ODOR POLLUTION -CONTROL STANDARDS AM PORK CONGRESS MARCH 3,1971 DES MOINES IA 96-102 200 71 0,63 ELLIOT L F ^"c'uLTuk" KEVliOROS DUST ALLERGENS ODORS "STItlOB SMOKE PROC EXPLORING NEBRASKA S POLLUTION PROBLEMS SYMPOSIUM ARTICLE NO 31275 APRIL 22 1971 200 7! 0586 «}«E%|eOLOTS AND ALT£RNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LI VESTOCK-.WASTES WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SEMINAR, CORVALLIS. OREGON JULY 197! P65-76 200 71 0593 HANSEN EH MW|MHgNT KEYWOR05 SUTUTES LAWS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEO. SLATION MANAGEMENT PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MSMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR Pl-205 200 71 OS9* CAMPBELL J P ...iiui HASTES KEYWORDS LAWS PERMITS CDOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULATIONS FERTILIZER EP IMPROVED CONTROL Or ANlnALWfcSIC* * JROC^^SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P7-9 ^200 71 OS95 OOMINICK 0 0 MD ,HE ENV1RONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION EPA MANAGEMENT JROC NA? SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 KARRENTON VIR Pll-H 38 image: ------- 200 71 059e> earn w s SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEDLDTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA USOA LAMS P*UC NIT SYM ANI WSSTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P17-1B iOO 71 0597 SCHtclESOW V F STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN ANDMANAGEKENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF ODOR SUTUTES LAM S PERMITS FEEULOTS FEDEKAL-WATER.-9UAL1TY-ACI REGULATIONS DESIGN MANAGEMENT PROC NAT SYN AN I WASTE MG1T SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P19-25 200 71 0598 CONKAC K D MODEL STATE STATUTE FCK ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATION PERMITS CIVIL-L AH INSPECTION FEEOLOTS EFFLUENT-STANDARDS CONTROL PKOC NAT SYM AN I HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTGN VIR P28-32 200 71 0599 OENNISTUUN R H THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDLOTt HASTE CONTROLi PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES PE RMITS LAWS LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT U5U6 PERMIT-APPLICATIONS MINNESOTA PROBLEMS PROC NAT SYH AMI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P33-35 200 71 OtOO GOWDY ft R STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES LAWS LIVESTOCK FEED -YAHD-ACT OKLAHOMA PERMITS MANAGEMENT PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P37-39 200 Tl 0601 HEATH M S PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES LAWS NORTH CAROLINA CONTROL PRUC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 KARRENTCN VIR PM.-4J 200 71 06O2 LAMSON L G STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT VIRGINIA MANAGEMEN T FROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTDN VIR P45-47 200 71 0603 BERNARD H DENIT J D ANDERSON 0 EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES AND ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY KEYWORDS TREATMENT CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATUR DIGESTION-TANKS SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS ZERO-DISCHARGE BIO-FILTER MANAGEMENT PROC NAT SVM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P69-93 ,200 11 01.01, DALE A C STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY RUNOFF ENV1RONMEN TAL-SANITATION FERTILIZATION ODORS FIELD-SPREADING TREATMENT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROC NAT SVM ANI WASTE MANAGEMENT SEPT Tl WARRENTON VIR P85-9S 200 71 0605 VIETS F G CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF CROUNDWATER-FERTILITY SOIL-PROPERTIES LAND-SPR 6AD ING ZONING CATTLE PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE NGMT SEPT 71 HARRENTOh VIR P9T-105 200 71 0606 LOEHR R C POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY MANAGEMENT PROC NAT SYH ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT Tl WARRENTON VIR P107-110 200 71 0607 MUEHLING A J SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEMENT-PENS SWINE MANA GEHENT PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARKENTON VIR Plll-119 ZOO 71 0608 YECK R G &CHLEUSENER P E RECYCLING OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS REUSE FERTILIZATION NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITROGEN PROC NAT SVM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P121-127 200 71 0609 TAYLOR J C REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION LEGAL-ASPECTS REFE EOING POULTRY-LITTER INTER-AGENCY-COOPERATION LIVESTOCK PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MG»T SEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P129-131 200 71 0610 SCHWENGEL F MATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER KEYWORDS RUNOFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE CONGRESS PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGHT SEPT U WARRENTON VIR P133-13S 200 71 0611 BYER.LY T C U S D A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMEMT-SUPP CRTS MATER-RESOURCES-DEVELOPMENT SCS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P139-H1 200 71 0612 SWACKHAMER G L PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS CR.EDI T LOANS FINANCING ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY F4RH-CR6D!T-SYSTEM ASSISTANCE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P143-HS 200 Tl 0613 MACKENTHUN K M TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ACMIN1STRATIV6-AGENCIES GOV ERNKENT-SUPfCRTS EPA WATtR-RESOURtES-OEVELCPMNT ASSISTANCE CONTROL PROC NAT SYM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P147-149 200 71 061". ARMSTRONG A E SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SMALL FIRMS IN SOL VING PROBLEMS RELATIVE 10 ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS SMA LL-BUSIN6SS-ADM1NISTRATION PROGRAMS ASSISTANCE DISPOSAL PROC NAT SYM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P151-152 200 Tl 0615 VATES J C FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION ANO IMPROVEMENT OFIRR1GATIQN SYSTEMS KEYWORDS AOMIN1STMTIVE-A GENCIES GOVERHKENT-SUPPORTS COMMUNITY DITCHES SCS ASCS ASSISTANCE SVSTEHS PROC NAT'SYM ANI HASTE MGMT SEPT 71 WARRENTON VIR P153-1SS 39 image: ------- 200 71 0616 LAST U G THE LAKE MENDCJTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS ASCS SCS REAP P*OC NAT SY« ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 UARRENTON VIR P163-167 ZOO 71 0617 WESLEY R L THE HOLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES LAGOON S RE-USE CU-GPEXTENSION-SERV1CE VIRGINIA PKOC NAT SYM ANI HASTE KC-MT bEPT 71 HARRENTON VIR P169-171 200 71 061B MCMUNN E M COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL ACTION KEYWORDS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY POLITICAL-ASPECTS EDUCAT ION KNOWLEDGE ANIMAL nASTE MGMT PKOC NAT SYM ANIMAL WASTE MGMT WARRENTON VIR SEPT 71 P173-175 200 71 0619 ANON REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS ECONO MIC-FEAblblLITY EXTENSION-SERVICE EPA PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE MGMT SEPT 71 UARKENTON VIR P179-135 200 71 0620 ANON RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPOR TS REAP USDA PROC NAT SYM ANI WASTE "GMT SEPT 71 UARRENTON VIR P1B7-188 200 71 06*0 PRATT G L JOHNSON 0 W BUCHANAN M L HANDLING LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING SEPARATION SETTLING BASINS RUNOFF HANDLING LIVESTOCK NORTH DAK UNIV REPORTS ON ENVIR OUAL VOL4 N02B P22-24 MAR-APR 71 200 71 0641 BROMEL M C BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTERIOLOGICAL-ANALYSIS N ORTH-DAKOTA SALMONELLA CLOSTRIDIUM SHIGELLA FISHKILL OXYGEN-DEMAND NORTH DAKOTA UNIV REPORTS ON ENVIR OUAL VOL4 N02B P60-61 MARCH-APRIL 1971 200 71 0642 SWAOER F M LQEHR R C LAWRENCE J E LUC ING TON 0 C SPLITTS TOSSER 0 f AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS HATER-QUALITY PESTICIDES SURFACE-RUNOFF 6UTROPHICAT ION WASTE-TREATMENT LIOUIO-WASTE LAND-SPREAD INC AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR HRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1471 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 1-172 200 71 0643 PEDERSON R W AGRICULTURE S RESPONSIBILITIES IN A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ECOSYSTEMS AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MGMT P 1-5 200 71 0644 DENIT J D ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1471 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 6 - 11 :200 71 0645 PIMENTEL 0 PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEYWORDS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICALS ECOSYSTEMS CONTK OL AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON ACR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 12 - 14 (200 71 0646 OGIESBY R T FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 15 - 19 1200 71 0647 DOWNING D L ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-HASTES HATER-PO LLUTION PROBLEMS AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 20 - 24 1200 71 0648 LATHHELL 0 J REID H S BOULDIN D R FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER-REQUIREMENTS CROP-RESPONSE FERTILI ZATION AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 25 - 35 bOO 71 0649 KLAUSNER S 0 ZWERHAN P J SCOTT T H LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-RUNOFF EUTROPHlCATIO N DISPOSAL AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES ANO GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 36 - 46 200 71 0690 PENDLETON R F DEHEY J E GUIDELINES FOR MINIMIZING PESTICIDE POLLUTION KEYHOROS PESTICIDE-DRIFT HATER-tlUAL J TV PHYTOTOXICITY AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES ANO GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 47 - 51 200 71 0651 "{Jj^°"STEEHANOL,NC IN THE UNITED KINGOON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION HASTE-TREATHENT HANDLING UNITED AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 52 - 53 200 71 0652 LOEHR R C TREATMENT I FUNDAMENTALS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TR EATMENT ANAER081C-BIOOEGRAOATION TREATMENT AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 5* - 62 40 image: ------- JCO 71 G6i3 LOEHR K C LICUID hASTE TREATMENT II UXIDAIIQN PUNOS AND AERATED LAGOONS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TRtATMENT DISSOLVED-OXYGE N TREATMENT OX I OAT IC1M-PUNDS LAGOONS AGRICULTURAL HASTES PKINCIPL6S AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACT1CALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UN1V CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 63 - 71 ZOO 71 0654 LUEHR R C LIOUID HASTE TREATMENT III THE OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT DISSOLVEO-OXYGEN TREATMENT AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE MANAGEMENT P 72 - 78 ZuO 71 06t>5 LAWRENCE A w ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS METHANE-BACTERIA FARM-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC TREATMENT AiRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PHACT1CALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 79 - 92 200 71 0656 LAWRENCE A W CHLORINATION OF WASTEHATER EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DISINFECTION WATER-TREATMENT PUBLIC-HEALTH TERTIARY-TREATM ENT CHLORINATION W*STES PRINCIPl-ES *N0 GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE 2(10 71 06i7 LUOINGTON D C SOLIDS DESTRUCTION OR SEVERE TREATMENT KEYWORDS INCINERATION SOLID-WASTES CHEMICAL-DEGRADATION AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACMCALSOLUUONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 102 - 106 200 71 0658 SOBEL A T MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION REMOVAL MANAGEMENT"1" ««STES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACMCALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE 200 Tl 0659 TUTM S J SOLD 6 COMPOSTING KEYWORDS ARTIFICIAL-USE HUMUS AEROBIC-CONDITIONS COMPOSTING AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACMCALSOLUTIONS 1s POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SOIL-INJECTION SOIL-F AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES fOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 130 - 136 200 71 0662 GUEST R W WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS LIOU1D-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATMENT CONVENTIONAL-HA NDLING HANDLING ALTERNATIVES AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 137 - 141 200 71 0663 YOUNG R J INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS DISPOSAL-METHODS FEDERAL- REGULATIONS SYSTEM AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR HASTE MANAGEMENT P 142 - 149 200 71 0664 CROWLEY J W ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS REGULATIONS WASTE-DIS POSAL CATTLE HEALTH SAFETY LEGAL ASPECTS PUBLIC-HEALTH-AGENCV AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE * MANAGEMENT P 150-156 200 71 0665 EVERINGHAM R WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-UISPOSAL-FIELOS SEPTIC-TA'NK ODORS LIOUID W ASTES MANAGEMENT DAIRY AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 157 - 160 200 71 0666 JOHANSON K J PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS DUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS SETTLING-BASINS DISP OSAL DISINFECTION RUN-OFF TREATMENT AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGR WASTE MANAGEMENT P 161 - 166 200 71 0667 RUSSELL P FOOD PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-LAGOON ACTIVATED-SLUDGE IRRIGATION CHEMICAL-OEGR AOATION TREATMENT AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS 1971 CORNELL UNIV CONF ON AGK WASTE MANAGEMENT P 167 - 172 200 71 0669 DAY 0 L BRYANT M P JENSEN A H MEISTED S W ANIMAL AND HUMAN METABOLIC WASTES KEYWORDS BOD PE METABOLIC-WASTES PROCEEDINGS FIRST AUERTON CONF SPEC PUBL NO 21 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE UNIV OF ILLINOIS P23-25 APML 1 971 200 71 0703 SWANSON N P GILBERTSON C B FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAMPLING FEEDLOTS RUNO FF SETTLING-BASIN WEIRS FLOWMETERS MANAGEMENT PROBLEM ASAE ANNUAL MEETING PAPER NO 71-522 WASH ST U 6P JUNE 1971 41 image: ------- ZOO 71 0705 PAINE M I) WITZ J A BUTCHBAKER « F MCCROSKEY J E A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY WITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS UDEL-STUDIES ENERGY-TRANSFER METABOLISM NUTRITION SIMULATION-ANALYSIS BEEF PROC ASAE OKLA SECTION FALL MEETING 21P 1971 BACON C M MATHEMATICAL-MODELS CATTLE M 200 71 0709 WITHEROW J L SCALF M R BCEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUTION REGULATIONS CONTROL RAINFALL FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM EPA WATER OUAL DF-F KERR WAT RES CENTER ADA OKLA 10P 1971 200 71 0733 BUTCHBAKER A f CARTON J £ MAHONEY G W A PAINE M D WETMORE A ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES CONFINEMtNT-PENS Dl SPOSAL FARM-LAGOONS WASTE-DISPOSAL COST-COMPARISONS WASTE-STORAGE DESIGN-CRITERIA ALTERNATIVES MANAGEMENT ASAE SW REG MEETING PAPER NO SWR71-403 SEUUOYAH ST PARK OKLA 20 P 1971 i!00 71 0740 200 71 0762 '200 71 0763 200 71 0764 200 71 0765 200 71 0766 200 71 0767 200 71 0768 200 71 0769 200 71 0770 200 71 0771 200 71 0772 200 71 0773 200 71 0774 200 71 0775 200 71 0776 HULTGREN J P HAZEN T E PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT RIA TRAINING ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS LIGHT-INTENSITY TEMPERATURE ODOR ASAE MID-CENT MEETING PAPER NO MC71-101 ST JOSEPH 15P 1971 KEYWORD ANIMAL-BEHAVIOR DESIGN-CRITE YECK R G LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS OOURS ECONOMICS DRYING RUNOFF CATTLE SWINE P OULTRY AERATION HYDRAULIC-STRUCTURES AEROBIC-LAGOON ANAEROBIC-TREATMENT PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV Pl-360 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 BAYLEY NED 0 ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUTRIENTS PATHOGENS WASTE-DISPOSAL ECONOMICS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1971 P 6-7 KOTTMAN R M GEVER R E FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-WASTES NUTR IENT-RE8U1REMENTS PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P9-18 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 CATH W S ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION FED ERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS PROBLEMS MANAGEMENT PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P21-22 1971 STEWART R E RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY TOWARD URGENT SOCIAL PROBLEMS KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AIR-POLLUTIONPROBLEMS PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P23-24 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 CURRY N H PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING DESIGN ENGINEERING PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P25-26 mi ASAE PUBLICATION paoc-271 SCHOLZ H G SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-OI GESTION SWINE DEHYDRATION DRYING LIQUID-WASTES POULTRY SYSTEMS PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P27-29 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 NORDSTEDT R A BARRE H J TAIGANIDES E P A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-MODELS MATHEMATICAL-MO DEL WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL OPTIMIZATION NUTRIENTS STORAGE DISPOSAL PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P30-33 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GROUNOWATER RUNOFF BOD IRR1GAT ION-SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P34-35 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS CATTLE LITTER FAR M-WASTES HANDLING CZECHOSLOVAKIA PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P36-38 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 TURNBULL J E HORE F R FELDMAN M A LAND RECYCLING LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD CLIMATE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS ODOR CATTLE LIQUID-WASTE AIR-POLLUTION SYSTEM COLD-CLIMATE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P39-43 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF°ANDURUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNUFF BOD CO ?ROCT1NTERMS?MUU«STOCKN2ASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P44-47 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 MA'NAGEM'ENT"OF BARNLOT^UNOF^TO' IMPROVE DOWNSTREAML«ATER OUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IKRIGATION CHEMICAL- ANALYSIS BOO NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS HATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P48-50 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 tuANtnN N P MIELKE L N LOR1MOR J C MCCALLA T M ELLIS J R TRANSPORT Of POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY, DURATION, AND RECU RRANCE KEYWORDS RUNOFF FUNGI COLIFORM CROP NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT ™ INTES SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P51-5S 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 C'HA'R'ACTER'ISTICS OF MAN'URIELA>CCUM'ULATIONS IEMOVEO FROM ouTooonlSSSiveo* BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COD PS6-S9 1,71 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 42 image: ------- 2UO 71 0777 MORRISON S R LOFGKEEN G P BOND T E P«OC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P60-61 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0778 MANGES H L SCH»ID L A MUKPHY L 5 PHORUS^CHSPCiAL FEEDLO/"1""0' V"4STES KEVNORDS RUNOFF LAGUON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATION COO NITROGEN PHUS PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P62-65 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0779 BUTCHBAKE; A^F GARTUN j E__ MAHONEY G H A MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWOKOS FARM-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-DISP -PFN< KUNOFF PACIFIC-NOKTHHEST MIDHEST SOUTHERN-HIGH-PLAINS SOUTHWEST COMP SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK 200 71 0780 HEGG R 0 LARSUN R E IERA"ONE PATIERN °f BEEF C4TTLE ON SUTTED fLMRS "YUOROS FEED-LOTS CONFINEMENT-PENS OXIDATION-LAGOON PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P70-72 1971 ASAfc PUBLICATION PROC-271 2UO 71 0781 SCHULTE D D LOEHM R C NS4«PTIIONOFASALYSI4R'!'R"TMlNrE4™ENT ""^ KEYHOR()S MODEL 'HOSPHORUS BOD DUCK AERATED-LAGOON WATER-CO PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P73-76 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 WO 71 0782 NOROSIEDT R A BALDHIN L » HORTENSTINE C C SDLG^UNSEA^^OBSIc"AGOONRNrTR4GENNTDA°U?AIRV """ "**" ^°^ »«I«L«-IRRI6.T,0« LAGOON CATTLE B PROC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P77-80 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271 200 71 078J BRESSLER G 0 BERGMAN E L , I0 INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P81-8* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0784 TURNER D 0 PROCTOR D E NITRSGENC*DlSpSsAL "^ U'SPDS4L SySTE" "YHORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINEMENT-PENS ROTATION PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P85-88 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0785 CARLSON L 5 ^mo-GEN'pOT'S MECRyoORG:N?SH!S RECY^LETLE """ KEYM°ROS ^10-WK PHOSPHATES PROTEINS BOD COD PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P89-91 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271 200 71 0786 JONES K B C ^L^Hr^'^H8""--4'"1----"----"- * BASKALLV URBAN sociErv KEYMORDS PUUL PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P92-9* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-Z71 200 71 0787 TAIGANIDES E P STROSHINE R L • 'SoS^OOR "^ 4N'M4L PIIODUCT10N *ND "MESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND COD PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIV P95-98 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0788 KILLRICH T L MINER J R LpoiLTK{0:ATER!fofLUTtoNFLAi-1uUsESTOCK ™ ™l™ "^^ "V"°RDS °D°RS "G.L-.SPECTS SW.NE CATTLE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P99-101 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0789 JOHNSON J 8 CONNOR L J , PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P102-10* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271 200 71 0790 HARTUNG L D HAMMOND E G MINER J R POujTIo"T12jNr CARB°Nn CO"POUN°S I" A SHINE-BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AIR- PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P105-106 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0791 NOROSTEDT R A TAIGANIOES E P ?R"sia?5ieN*L^K!!SLTU^6rss^u,"*s:e^N?c5TRgtDi"16 OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KE^°ROS ^^ ™*"»™ * PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P107-109 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0792 WHITE R K TAIGANIOES E P COLE G D nn^HISviSn?IiFinfT^N,OF MAl-OOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOGRAPHY ANA, YTICAL-TE «T« ?YM lYD;°«N-ION-CONCeNTRATIOM AMHO AERATION SULFUR HYDROCARBON DAIRY INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE I P110-113 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0793 HILLSON G B «O'C"?!;T« ?S2R?,!;R?? POULTRY HOL)SES KEYWORDS DOORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AMMONIA CONTROL PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P1U-116 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 079* HASHIMOTO A G tUOINGTON 0 C ?MAUDAT?ESuu>RR?EsFROM CONCENTHATED CHIC«N "ANUKE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN MICROFLORA AMMONIA POULTR PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P117-121 1971 200 71 0795 8ROMEL M LEE Y N BALDWIN B S-IisiFTpA?6^^*^,*1?0^6515""" TR*NSP" BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAGOON KEYWORDS FAR » ggi'tKXSS mrM0ATNS^^!D^oS;0Lfu^E^:,E^^GAN1SMS CATTLE E-COLI -^'^-HEALTH-HAZARD R- PROCEEDIMGS INTERNATIONAL^SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES UHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1971 P 122-1 43 image: ------- 200 71 0796 MIDOAUGH P R KOUPAL L R PIERCE R I TIEDE J E ZERFAS J M DIFFERENTIATION UF RUMINAMT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES UF HATER POLLUTION BY USE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA KEYWOHUS RUNOFF COLIFORM "ICKCORGANISMS STREPTOCOCCUS NITROGEN CATTLE SHEEP GOATS LAGOON PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U PL26-128 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0797 HAMILTON H E ROSS I J aEGIN J J JACKSON S W GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FEED MICROORGANISMS MICROB1AL CATTLE GROWTH-RATE HYUROGEN-IUN-CONCF.NTRAT IUN POULTRY PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P129-131 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0798 MCCALLA T M ELLIOTT L F THE ROLE UF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT UF ANIMAL HASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS PATHOGENI C-BACTERIA CROPS ODORS NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FEEOLOTS PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P132-13* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 07S9 200 71 0800 200 71 0801 200 71 08U2 200 71 0803 200 71 0804 200 71 0805 200 71 0806 200 71 0807 200 71 0608 200 71 0809 200 71 OS10 200 71 0811 200 71 0812 200 71 0813 200 71 0814 200 71 0815 SEWELL J I AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS KEYWORDS L IOUID-WASTES PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P135-137 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 GRIMM K LANGENECGER G MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIOUID AND MANURE KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES PUMP-T ESTING HANURE-CONSISTANCY MANURE-PUMP METHOD PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P138-141 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 STALEY L M BULLEY N R WINOT T A PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS CATTLE IRR IGAT10N BOD ACI01TY POTASSIUM SODIUM-CHLORIDE AMMONIUM CHARACTERISTICS SLURRIES PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P142-U5 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 TAIGANIDES f. P WHITE R K AUTOMATED HANDLING, TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF BASTE WATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION UNIT K£ YWOROS ODORS OXIDATION-TREATMENT OUST AEROBIC-DIGESTER WASTE-SLUDGE BOO HANDLING RECYCLING PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P146-148 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 SMITH R J HAZEN T E MINER J R MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATED HASTE WATER KEYW ORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS CUD SETTLING-BASIN SLUDGE HYDRAULIC-TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SWINE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P149-15J 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2T1 JONES E E W1LLSON G B SCHWIESOW W F IMPROVING WATER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE REMOVAL KEYWORDS SWINE VELOCITY SEOI MENT-TRANSPORTEFFICIENCY PRQC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P154-158 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 GALLER W S DAVEY C B HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING WITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTING CARBON NITROGEN G REENHDUSES GRAINS CATION-EXCHANGE POULTRY SAWDUST PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P159-162 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 • WILLSON G B COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE MAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS COMPOSTING DAIRY PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P163-165 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 ROBBINS J W D KRIZ G J HOUELLS 0 H QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROK FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTION COLIFORH BOD COO TOTAl-0 RGANIC-CARBON OUAL1TY PRODUCTION PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P166-169 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 MINER J R WOOTEN J H DODD J 0 WATER HYACINTHS TO FURTHER TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT KEYWORDS AEROBIC-LAGOON OXIDATION-LAGOON NITR OGEN PHOSPHORUS COO HYACINTHS TREAT PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P1TO-173 1971 ASAE PUBLICATigN PROC-271 ELMUND G K MORRISON S M GRANT 0 W ENZYME FACILITATED MICROblAL DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOTHANURE KEYWORDS BOD AKINO-ACID HICRDBI AL-U.EG RAOAT10N ENZYME DECOMPOSITION PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P174-17S 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 TAIGANIDES E P WHITE R K STROSHINE R L WATER AND SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN BOO WASTE-TREATMENT SOI PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P176-179 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 BOO ANALYSIS OF SWINE HASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBIOTICS SEWAGE LAGOON PROCNINTER SYlTuVESTOCK HASTES. OHIO STATE U P1BO-182 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 MEYER R C HINDS F C ISAACSON H R HINESLY TO. PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES SWINE SLUDGE-DIGESTION ENTS PROCU|NTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P183-18* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING OF MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT ODOR DRYING PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P185-189 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 UYROLVSIS OF LIVESTOCK'SASTE" KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS POULTRY SWINE ODOR WA^'oHIO STATE U ,1.0-1*1 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 BOYD J S ZINDEL H C T C SHEPPARD C C POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY INTER ™i5 LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U PH2-19* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271 FIEGAL C J 44 image: ------- iOO 71 0816 MURR5S W H M ECONOMICS OF UAST6 DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS FERTILIZERS NUTRIEN TS. ECONOmC-F£ASI8ILlTY CONFINEMENT P*CC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK HASTES. OHIO STATE U P195-196 1971 A$*E PUULICATION PROC-271 2UO 71 0817 JORDAN H C MARKETING CUWERT6D POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALUE BY-PRODUCTS CDMPO STING PKOC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P197-198 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0816 J HOBGOOD P DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS OEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-PRODUCTION CROP-RESP ONSE TRENCHES DISPOSAL PROC INTER SYM LWEStCCK. WASTES, OHIO STATE U P2JS-238 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0829 MCCASKEY T A ROLLINS G H LITTLE J A WATER OUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID. AND DRY DAIRY HASTE KEYWORDS WA STE-WATER WATER-QUALITY CATTLE ODOR BOD AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF DISPOSAL PROC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P239-2*2 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0330 AORIANO D C PRATT P F BISHOP S E FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF H AND SALT FROM LANO-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS NITRATES LEACHING AMMONIA SALTS DEVITRIFICATION CHLORIDES CATTLE DISPOSAL PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P2<>3-?»6 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0831 H1LEMAN L H EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOU CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTI LJZATION CROP-RESPONSE SALINITY EFFECT PROPERTIES PROC INTER if* LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U PZ*7-2*8 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PKOC-271 200 71 0832 CONCANNON T J CENETELL1 t J GROUNOWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SALINITY FERTILUATIO N SAMPLING BIOINDICATORS GROUNDWATER PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P249-2J3 1971 ASAE CUbLICATION PROC-271 300 Tl 0933 HENSLER R F ERHAROT W H WALSH L M EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT S CATTLE EFFECT SYSTEMS CYCLING PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P25*-257 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 083* BARTLETT H 0 MARRIOTT L F SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL UF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD HASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION NASTE-STORAGE ANALYSIS CATTLE DISPOSAL LIQUID PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P258-260 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2J1 45 image: ------- 200 71 0635 STEUAHT T 4 HCILWAIN R AEROBIC STORAGE OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD AERATION AEROBIC-CONDITIONS HASTE-ASS1HILATIVE-CAPAC1TY POULTR Y WASTE-STORAGE STORAGE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P261-262 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0836 DIESCH S L POMEKOY b S ALLIED € R SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEPTOSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWOKD PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA AERATION CATTLE AERualC-CONDITIUNS «ASTE-STORAGE OK[CAT[ON-DITCH DETECTION LEPKSPIRES PSOC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE (j P2A3-266 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRClC-271 200 71 0837 CONVERSE J C ' DAY D L PFEFFER J T JONES B A AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIOUID SHINE MANURE SYSTEMS KEYWORD BIOOEGRADAT ION HVDROCEN-SULFIOC ORGANIC-ACIDS OX[0*TION-REDOCT[ON-POTENTI*LS CONTROL ODORS LIOUID SHINE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIU STATE U P267-271 1971 A$AE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0838 CHANG A c DALE A c BELL J » NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFI CATION OF DAIRY CATTLE HASTES KEYWORD NITR IF1CATION NITROGEN-CYCLE DIGESTION DEN 1 TR.IF IC1TION D«IRY PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P2T2-27* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0639 TEN HAVE P AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN OF FARM WASTE KEYWORD DEN1TRIF1CATION ACTIVATED-SLUDGE COSTS SLURRY AER091 C PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P2T5-27B 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 08*0 BARTH C L POLKOWSKI L B LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, AERATION-CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FARM-LAGOONS SLURRY AERATION STROAGE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P279-2S2 l»?l ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0841 OGILVIE J R DALE A C SHORT TERM AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FGR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION HASTE-STORAG E CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANU AERATION OAR1Y PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P283-2B5 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2T1 200 71 oe*2 WESLEY R L HALE E B PORTER H C THE USE OF OXIDATION PONDS FOR POULTRY PROCESSING WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-HASTES ODOR POULIRY DISPOSAL PROC INTER SYN LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE L, P286-2B7 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271 200 71 08*3 HILL 0 T SMITH R E ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE 1IME FOR AEROBIC WASTE OtSESTORS KEYWORD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AMEOCBIC-OIGE5TION L At-TIME B10CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEHANO TIME-CONSTANT PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P288-290 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 OS** TAYLOR J C REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES LEGISLATION HfOUUlOHY RECYCLED PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES. OHIO STATE U P291-292 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 OB*S ANTHONY W B CATTLE MANURE AS FEED FOR CATTLE KEYWORD RECYCLING ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY MICROORGANISMS NEHATOOES FEEOLOTS WA SFELAGE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, UH10 STATE U C29J-296 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 08*6 BULL L S REID J T NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POULTRY ANIMAL-PATHUL OGY COLIFORMS NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS COSTS AIR-DRIED-CHICKEN-MANURE-ADM LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT ANO POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1971 P 297-300 7 TAB U REF 200 71 08*7 FONTENOT J P WEBB K E HARMON B W TUCKER R E MOORE W E STUDIES OP PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYC LING CATTLE NUTRI TICNAL-REOUIREMENTS 4N1MA(.-PATHOLDGV VALUE BBOI LEH-L 1TTER PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P301-30* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2TI 200 71 08*8 FLECAL C J llNOfl H C DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE DPW AS A FEEDSTUFF IN POULTRY RATIONS KEYWORD RECYCLING NUTRITIONAL-REOUIRCHE NTS DEHYDRATED-POULTRY-WASTE PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P304-307 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 08*9 BUCHOLT2 H F HENDERSON M E THOMAS J W ZINDEL H C DRIED ANIMAL WASTE AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FDR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYCLING POULTRY NUTRITIONAL-REOU1REME NTS PROTEIN-SUPPLEMENT PROC INTER SVM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P30I-310 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-2M 200 71 0850 200 71 9891 ZOO 71 0852 200 Tl OIS3 HOOGETTS B THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN THE FEED QF LAYING HENS KEYWORD RECYCLING COSTS DRYING RESPONSE IRRIGATION DAIRY PROC INTER SVM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P311-J13 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 SMITH L H GOER ING H K GORDON C H NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECV CLINO DRYING CATTLE SHEEP NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS CHfMlCAL-OEGRAOATION LIGNINS CELLULOSE WOOO-MASTEi LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIVESTOCK WASTES OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY APRIL 19-22 1471 P )l*-31* 8 TAB S REF CALVERT C C MORGAN N 0 EB.Y H J BIODEGRADED HEN MANUHE AND ADULT HOUSE FLIES THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO THE SHOWING CHICK KEYWORD RECYC LING INSECTS LARVAE DRYING NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P319-32D 1471 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271 WILKINSON S It STUEOEMANN J A WILLIAMS 0 J JONES J 6 OAWSOM ft H RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL MIES AND EVIDENCE OF tftf COW HEALTH P RUBLEMS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS CROP-RESPONSE NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS RECYCLING BROILER UTTER FESCUE-PASTURE PROC^INTER SYMLUVESTCCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P121-32* 1971 ASAf PUBLICATION PROC-271 image: ------- 2(10 71 085* GOODRICH P K MONKE E J MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHUSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMOVAL SPRINKLER-IRRIG 4TIUN LEACHING CLAY-LOAM PHOSPHORUS-RADI 01 SO TOPES MOVEMENT PROC INTEK SYM LIVESTOCK HASTES, OHIO STATE U P325-3Z8 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-Z7I 200 71 0655 KOELLIKER J K MINER J R BEER C E HAZEN T E TrtEATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOUN EFFLUENT BY SOIL FILTRATION KEYWORD ANAEROfl[C-LAGOON-EFFLUENT TREATMENT S OIL-FILTRAflON PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P329-J33 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 08S4 OVERMAN A R HOUTENSTINE C C KING J H GKOWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY HASTES KEYWORD FERTILIZERS SLURRY NUTR1E NT-REMOVAL LEACHING CROP RESPONSE PKOC INTER SYH LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P334-337 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRQC-271 200 71 0857 LAKSEN V AXLEY J H NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FILTER AMMONIA LEACHING SEWAGE-DISPOSAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE li P338-340 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRUC-271 200 71 0858 GRAVES R E CLAYTON J T LIGHT R G RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT Of DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD SLURRY SCREENS AERATION RECYCLING COLIFORMS TRANSPORT PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P3«l-3»* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0899 CLERUM J C SLUMP G POELNA H R THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PARTS OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SEDIMENTATION OEwATERING SEPERATION PIG PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P3<>S-3*7 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 0860 ROSS I J BEGIN J J MIDDEN T M DEHATER1NG POULTRY MANURE BY CENTRIFUGATION KEYWORD CENTRIFUGAT10N OEWATEH1NG POULTRY MANURE WASHING PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P348-3SO 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PRQC-271 200 71 0861 HOLMES L M DAY 0 L PFEFFER J T CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEQUS SOLIDS FROH. OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIOUOR KEYWORD RECYCLING CENTRIFUSATIQN HOGS NUTRIENTS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PROTEINS AERATION OXIDATION-DITCH PROC INTER SYM LIVESTOCK WASTES, OHIO STATE U P351-35* 1971 ASAE PUBLICATION PROC-271 200 71 1033 FARRELL J » NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FARM-ANINALS UREA A CTIVATED-CARBON CHLOR1NAT10N DSN1TRIF1CATION INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT AIR-POLLUIION NITRIC-AGIO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON NITROGEN IN SOIL AND WATER HESPELER ONTARIO CANADA MARCH 30-31 1971 14 f 3 TAB 2 FIG 13 REF 200 71 1094 BORDEAUX JR A F AGRICULTURE AND POLLUt ION—iOCIO-ECONOH1C ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION. ECONOMICS SURFACE-MATERS TECH NOLOGY FERTILIZERS CONSERVATION INSECTICIDES FARM-WASTES NITRATES FARM-PRICES COSTS WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER -TREATMENT DDT REGULATION KENTUCKY AGRICULTURE PRESENTED AT THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL CONFERENCE IWWERSllY OF KENTUCKY LEXINGTON JAN 5-7 1171 . P 1-T 6 REF ZOO 71 103* OOROUGM H « BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE KENTUCKY RUNOFF FARM-WASTES SURFACE-WATERS INSECTICIDES TOXICITY SOILS OAIRY-INOUSTRY EROSION FERTILIZERS LIVESTOCK AIR -POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SEDIMENTATION TOBACCO-INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY PRESENTED AT THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL CONFERENCE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEXINGTON JAN 5-7 1971 P 8-13 200 71 1096 BARFIELD 8 J HAMILTON H E ROSS I J ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS OEHYORAlION LAND-USE PROIEtNS EROSION TECHNOLOGY WASTE-DISPOSAL LAGOONS KENTUCKY INSECTICIDES ODOR LIVESTOCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WASTES AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION COMPOSTING MICROBUL-OISPOSAL PRESENTED AT THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL CONFERENCE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEXINGTON JAN 5-1 19TI P B-13 SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL KA STES PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CONFERENCES PUBLIC-HEALTH RIVERS SEWAGE BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND SOLID-HASTES AM MONIA NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS NITRATES PHOSPHATES SLUDGE-TREATMENT DISSOLVED-OXYGEN BACTERIA FUNGI PROTOZOA FER MENTATION BACTERIOPHAGE NUTRIENTS FUTERS-EOUIPMENT OXIDATION LAKES WISCONSIN ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ALGAE EU TROPHICATION BtOOEGRADATION PLASTICS PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS LIVERPOOL JULY 13-15 1971 12 P U REF 200 Tl 123*. TOETt 0 M SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS WATER-P OLLUTION-EFFECTS FARM-WASTES OKLAHOMA CYANOPHYTA CHLORELLA IONS PHYTOPLANKTON NITRATES NITROGEN-FIXATION A LGAE CONDUCTIVITY CHLOROPHYLL PIGMENTS DISPERSION RUNOFF HEDLOTS LEHNA PROCEEDINGS OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE VOL SI 1971 P 30-35 2 TAB 4 FIG 11 REF 200 71 1252 DAVES J H LARSON T E HARMESON R H NITRATE POLLUTION OF HATER KEYWORDS WATER'POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDHATER SURFACE-WATERS NITROGEN-COMPOUND S ILLINOIS HYDftOLOGIC-CYCLE FERTILIZERS INDUSTRIAL-HASTES DECOHPOS1NG-ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-WASTES OOMEST IC-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRECIPITATION-ATMOSPHERIC WATER-QUALITY CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS SOILS SOIL-HATER SEEPAGE SOR PTION CROPS NITRATES FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION PROCEEDINGS 24TH ANNUAL MEETING SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS AUG 10 13 1969 P 94-102 6 TAB 8 FIG 6 REF 200 T2 1010 GILBERTSON C 6 ET AL . PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT AIR-PO LLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-DISPOSAL RUNOFF FEED-LOTS NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCOLN NOV 29-30 1972 133 P 2 TAB 98 REF 47 image: ------- 200 72 1011 200 72 1012 200 72 1013 200 72 1014 200 72 1013 200 72 10 it 200 72 1017 200 72 200 72 1019 200 72 1020 200 72 1021 200 72 1022 200 72 1023 200 72 1024 YECK R C NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDWATER RECYCLING LIVESTOC K AIR-POLLUTION WATEK-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION RUNOFF HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-TREATMENT ODOR NEBRASKA LI VESTOCK-HASTE-HANAGEMENT-RESEARCH PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 5-10 KLE1S K H REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYHOROS RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES MANA GEMEMT AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-STORAGE' HASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING NITROGEN NUTR IENTS CONFINEMENT-PENS SOIL US-DEPARTMENT-CF-AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 11-15 1 TAB ELLIOTT L f POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOU.-CONTAMINATION F ARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS ODOR SURFACE-WATERS GROUNDWATER LIVESTOCK SPECTROSCOPY CHROMATOGRAPHY NITRATES OX10AT ION SOIL-PROFILES NEBRASKA KANSAS ' _ PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 23-28 28 REF ' WITTMUSS H APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT FARM-HAS TES LIVESTOCK FEED-LOTS RUNUFF IRRIGATION NITRATES NEBRASKA KANSAS NORTH-DAKOTA MOUNDING PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO IN NOV 29-30 19T2 P 31-35 N1ENABER J A DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL .SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF DRAINAGE FL UMES TERRACING NEBRASKA RUNOFF-CONTROL-SYSTEM DEBRIS-BASIN HOLDING-POND DISPOSAL-AREA PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW ' NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 39-45 18 REF ELLIS J K • . CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL HASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-HASTES RUNOFF THERMAL-PROPERTIES . NUTRIENTS NITRATES PHOSPHORUS AMMONIA PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA WATER-POLLUTION PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-P ROPERT1ES BIOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES ANIMAL-PARASITES APINO-ACIDS WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTION-POTENTIAL HASTE-MA NAGEMENT PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR1 CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 49-53 29 NREF FARLIN S WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT NUTRITION NEBRASK A MISSOURI IOWA MINNESOTA GAINS ANIMAL-PERFORMANCE MOUNDING COLO WARM-SLOT-HOUSING PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO. LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 57-59 5 REF OLSON E A EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NEBRASKA ECONOMICS OXIOAT1 ON-LAGOONS HOGS WASTE-DISPOSAL VENTILATION FARM-HASTES OOOR FEED-LOTS CATTLE HOGS INLETS-WATERWAYS NEBRA SKA-LIVESTOCK-FEEDERS-ASSOCIATION OEPARTMENT-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL VOLUNTARY-WASTE-CONTROL REGULATORY- WASTE-CONTR'OL REGULATORY-WASTE-CONTROL AMERICAN-SOIL-CONSERVATION-SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 63-66 KREJCI H PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES RUNOFF ODOR CATTLE HOGS LAGOONS SURFACE-HATERS NEBRASKA AIR-POLLUTION LEGAL-ASPECTS AGRICULTURAL-RESEARC H-SERVICE OEPARTMENT-OF-ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REPORT NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION kINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 69-71 MCCALLA T M SCHUMAN G E POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION F 'EEC-LOTS OOOR RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES NITRATES GROUNOW ATER ABANDONED-FEEOLOT-RECLAMATION PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION NOV 29-30 1972 P 75-79 CROSS 0 E APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYHOROS fARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R ECYCLING WATER-POLLUTION APPLICATION-METHODS IRRIGATION SOIL-MANAGEMENT PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-PRO PERTIES RUNOFF GROUNOWATER EFFLUENTS NITRATES CENTRIFUGATION CONDUCTIVITY PHYTOTOXICITY CATTLE HENS TURKE YS MlCRONUTRIENTS PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 83-89 14 REF SHANSON N P • RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FEED-LOT H ASTE-DISPOSAL NEBRASKA FARM-HASTES POLLUTANTS CATTLE GRAVITY IRRIGATION RUNOFF EFFLUENTS INFILTRATION EN VIRONNENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY UNIVERSITY-OF-NEBRASKA-FI ELD-LABORATORY SOIL-CONSERVATION-SERVICE BUFFER-STR IPS FIELD-DISPOSAL MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARCH-CENTER •>••'• • PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT!RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN ' NOV 29-30 1972 P 93-97 4 REF : GUBERTsoN c e ,.-..- CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-PROPERTl ES FEED-LOTS COL I FORMS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA LAGOONS MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL DEGRADATION RUNOFF CATTLE C ATONIC-NUTRIENTS MOUNDING MICROBIAL-PROPERTIES PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 101-103 29 REF ' , BOND T E HASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF1 HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASKA RECYCLING PQLLU TANTS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS NUTRIENTS OXIDATION WASTE-TREATMENT TRANSPORTATION HOUSED-CONFINEMENT MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARCH'-CENTER ' PROCEEDINGS : LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUCIN EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 107-110 1 TAB ' 48 image: ------- 200 72 102S SPLINTER W E OTHER RESEAKCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING CONFINEMEN T-PENS AQUATIC-ANIMALS HOGS CATTLE FILTERS NEBRASKA PAUNCH-MANURE HORSES PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LU NOV 29-30 1972 P 113-114 iOO 72 1026 K1NNEY JR T B REGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RESEARCH PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LM NOV 29-30 1972 P 117-119 200 72 1027 TEETER H M HCGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS PHOGRAM-PLANNING-KEVIEH PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO IM NOV 29-30 1972 P 121-124 200 72 1028 200 72 1029 200 72 1030 2UO 72-1054 200 72 1089 200 72 110U 200 72 1152 200 73 1062 200 73 1062 200 73 1063 200 73 1093 200 73 1189 300 1077 GREGORY KEITH I AREA DIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARCH-CENTEK AKRICULT URAL-RE SEARCH-SERVICE PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO LN NOV 29-30 1972 P 125-126 OTTOSON HOWARD W CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOUS MARKETING WASTE-DISPOSAL ODOR FEED-LOTS CONFINEMENT-PENS NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL-RS5EARCH-SERVICE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY LAND-AP PLICATION PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW NEBRASKA CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION LINCO I.N NOV 29-30 1972 P 127-129 JONES R W SLONEKER J H INGLETT G E RECOVERY OF ANIMAL fEEO FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-LOTS WASTfc-OISPOSA L AMINO-ACIDS PROTEINS FILTRATION CENTRIFUGATION ILLINOIS FRACTIONATING PROCEEDINGS 18TH ANNUAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES P 267-269 3 TAB 17 REF MCGHEE T TORRENS R L APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FE6DLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMA NO SEWAGE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATMENT PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 16TH ANNUAL GREAT PLAINS WASTE WATER DESIGN CONFERENCE OMAH4 NEBRASKA MARCH 28 1972 UPS TAB 4 FIG 13 REF PAY I) L HARMON B G A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AER08ICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS RECYCLING FEEDS SWINE FARM-WAST ES AEROBIC-CONDITIONS WATER NUTRIENTS OXIDATION-LAGOONS PROTEINS ODOR-CONTROL RATS WASTE-MANAGEMENT PAPER NO 72-954 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15 1972 10 P 7 TAB 5 FIG 21 REF SEWELL J I ALPHIN J M . EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON THE OUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY FEEDLOTS LAGGO NS TENNESSEE FARM-WASTES ON-SITE-INVESTIGATIONS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES LAND-USE NITRATES PHOSPHATES DISS OLVED-OXYGEN COLIFORMS BACTERIA PAPER PRESENTED AT SOUTHEAST REGION MEETING CF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS AND SOUTHERN SECTION SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA RICHMOND VIRGINIA FEB 14 1972 8 P J TAB 7 REF MAHONEY G W A BUTCHBAKER A F FRYHEAR J I PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FALL WINTER PERIOD K EYWOROS CATTLE WINDBREAKS OXIDATION-LAGOONS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT FARM-WASTES PRODUCTIVITY FEEDS CROWOIN G SLOTTED-FLOORS WEIGHT-GAIN PAPER NO 72-426 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 65TH ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-30 1972 18 P 1 TAB i fIG 6 REF FERRELL C L GARRETT W N CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CALCIUM NUTRIENT-REO UIREMENTS WASTE-DISPOSAL CALIFORNIA RATION DIGESTION-STALLS FORCEO-AIR-OVENS 0ICESTIBILJTY PROCEEDINGS WESTERN SECTION AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE VOL 24 1973 P 415-419 5 TAB i REF PARKER H W ALBUS JR C J SMITH G L COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS CATTLE FEEOLOTS W ASTE-OISPOSAL RECYCLING ELECTRICITY FARM-WASTES GASES FUELS FERTILIZERS BY-PRODUCTS SODIUM-CHLORIDE PYROLY SIS MUNICIPAL-WASTES RETORT CHAR POLLUTION-ABATEMENT PAPER 43 B-RV AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 74TH NATIONAL MEETING NEW ORLEANS MARCH 12 197 3 4 TAB 5 FIG 17 REF MASSie JR J R PARKER H W CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STtDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING SOL ID-WASTES OXIDATION TEMPERATURE ENERGY BY-PRODUCTS ECONOMICS TEXAS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION DRYING PYROLYSIS CONTINUOUS-REFUSE-RETORT MUNICIPAL-REFUSE AGKICULTURAL-CROP-WASTES CHAR-PRODUCT FUEL PAPER NU 43A AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 74TH NATIONAL MEETING NEW ORLEANS MARCH 12-15 1973 31 P 12 FIG 3 REF SM1TH L M CALVERT C C MENEAR J R DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FDR.SHEEP KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ARSENIC SHEEP NIT ROSEN FEEDS GROWTH NUTRITION CHEMICAL-CKOPERTIES RECYCLINS POULTRY-MANURE-SUPPLEMENTEO-DIETS FEEU-ADOITIV ES DIGESTIBILITY SOYGEAN-OIL-MEAL PROCEEDINGS 1973 MARYLAND NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND THE M ARYLAND FEED INDUSTRY INCORPORATED AND THE AMERICAN FEED MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION MARCH 1S-16 1973 P 3 A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS CATTIE NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SILAGE MISSOURI MONTANA MONTANA AGRICULTURE FOCUS ON IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT COLLEGE OF GREAT FALLS DEC 3 4 1970 P 44-46 STEWART B A MATHERS A C SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FEED-LO TS FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION CATTLE NITRATES POLLUTANTS SOIL-PROFILES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER SALT LEACHING SOIL-CONDITIONS CROPLANDS CONTRIBUTION FROM SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION RESEARCH DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE US DEPA RTMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN COOPERATION WITH THE TEXAS AGRICULTURAL 49- image: ------- HOb /UON Ii?MA^ , c?Ec*!t ION UF FEEOLDTS DWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUT ION-CONTROL WASTE-OIS STiNDiRns llPF-Ii? Bl^S! "'"-POLLUTION-SOURCES WATER-POLICY AUMIN 1StRATIVE-AGENCIES REGU CTS WA"E-UISPOSAL FARM-WASTESUTION'mtEMENT ADMINISTRATION CATTLE POULTRY WATER-FOWL ANI NEBRASKA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL COUNCIL LINCOLN 2 P 300 24 1204 ANONYMOUS l^TL^OH.o'ctAp-p^r"1^^'' '""""-..GMT »"« FARM-WASTE*1 300 30 1205 ANONYMOUS SPRING WATER 8Y CATTLE KEYWORDS TENNESSEE WATER-POLLU RIPARIAN-RIGHTS WATER-flUALITY SPRING-WATERS SPRINGS LEGA "EMEDIES RELATIV£-RIGHTS 300 46 1207 ANONYMOUS ST>ESLIMPURES°WATFRT,/*STES KEVMORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION STES IMI>t"OS«I- FARM-WASTES DECOMPOSING-ORGANIC-MATTE UUilRY DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS NUISANCE-WATER-LAW LEGAL-ASPECTS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS P 303 KENTUCKY 207 197 SW 20 254-261 1946 300 49 1210 HABEEB W R REATION BOATING SWIMMING FSH 49 ALR 20 253-314 ™,?? ; STREAM KE¥V(ORDS J^ICUL-DECISIONS DAMAGES WATER-POU °EPRECI4TION ECONOMIC-RENT WATER-UTILIZATION ODOR TREES CROPS REC 300 53 1206 ANONYMOUS ENTLpUBL'lC-HEALTH*WASTIEr'l'NDSlTR^l"AWA?e "ATER-POLLUTION STREAMS WATER-POILUT ION-SOURCES POLLUTION-ABATEM DICIAL-DECISION WATER-SUPPLY wnr J Llrco nn., l"*TEft*ou»1-''Y CHEMCONTROL SEWAGE ORGANIC-WASTES LEGISLATION JU DELAWARE CODE ANNOTATED TITLE 16 SECTIONS 1301-1}02TR9U DYE"STUFFS SLAUGHTER-HOUSES 300 62 0754 ANON NOTES ON WATER POLLUHON WASTE WATERS PROM PARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRR1CATION *OD NITROGEN WASTE-DIS OEPT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH JUNE 1972 4 P 300 64 1110 VEATCH J 0 HUMPHRYS C R BULLETIN FROM MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT5 *ATEj~JLOOM TOXIC-ALGAE RECREATIONAL-USE 300 65 0053 ANON FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS D!SPOSAL EOUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCRAPERS SPREADERS HA MECHANIZATION LEAFLET 8 MINISTRY OF AGR, FISHERIES AND FOOD DEC 1965 300 65 0739 CHIUSTY H BROWN J R MURPHY L S 300 65 0757 IRGENS R L DAY D L OR TREATMENTMSWIN°F ^^^ "ASTE KEyV*OROS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COO AMMONIA NITRATE PHOSPHATE 00 ILLINOIS RESEARCH U ILL AGR EXP STA FALL 1965 P14-15 300 67 0701 GRAY M w ATTLE LAGOON IRRIGATION * YWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA SOU COLIFQRM FISHKILL STREPTOCOCCUS C' ENVIR HEALTH SERVICES KAN ST OEPT HEALTH 14P MAR 67 300 67 0710 BLACK S A FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS CONFINEHENT-PENS BOD COO RUNOFF FERTIUZER ECONOMICS FEEOLOT 0!SPO THE ONTARIO WAT RESOURCES COMMISSION PUB NO 28 36P DEC 1967 300 67 0711 ENGBERG R A CATTLE NITRATE*0 "" *eLL "*T6R KEYWOROS blEl-'- °*TA FEED-LUTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOLATING-WATER PUMPING NEBRASKA WATER SURVEY PAPER 21 LINCOLN 17P OCT 1967 300 67 1249 ANONYMOUS "STROLTtER-POLjunON^T^ WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WATER-POLLUTION- NCIES LEGAL-ASPECTS PERMITS STANDARDS WATER-Pnmm™ Sn,,J?cc AOMIN'STRATION REGULATION ADMINISTRATIVE-AGE EEP FARM-WASTES FARMS »'»™*RDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES TREATMENT-FACILITIES PUBLIC-HEALTH CATTLE SH OF HEALTH ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES TOPEKA KAN 300 67 1250 STEWART B A VIETS JR F G HUTCHINSON G L KFMDCD L. n U S OEPARTHENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE DEC 1967 206 P 25 TAB SI FIG 13 Uf fin image: ------- 300 67 1253 MCKINNEY R E BELLA R HATED QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREAT MENF HOGS FARM-LAGOONS SETTLING-BASINS SUIL-CISPOSAL-F]ELDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT DISPOSAL ENV1RONMENTAL-ENGIN EER1NG SLUDGE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STURAGE HOG-FARM-UASTES KANSAS HATER RESOURCES RESFAHCH INSTITUTE PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT CONTRIBUTION NO 24 KANSAS UN IVERSITY LAWRENCE 1466 38 P 12 TAR 21 FIG 13 REF 300 63 02!>6 ABBOTT J L USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENEFICIAL-USE BULLETIN A-55, AGH EXPT STAI AND COOPERT EXT SfRV, UNlV ARIZ 300 68 0352 SCHHIESOW W F BRODIE H L EBY H J DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SWINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANKS SOIL-OI SPOSAL FLUSHING-GUTTERS DISPOSAL SWINE STREAM-POLLUTION LHIV OF MARYLAND WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER COMPLETION REPORT 11PP 1970 OWRR PROJ A-004-MD 1 300 68 U702 ANON BUFFALO UKE PRDJECJ BAN0AU C01JJ\ITYjJIXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFAli BACTERIA UU.IFOAH5 STREPTOCOCCUS LAKE RECREATION TEXAS U S DEPT INT FwPCA KERR WAT RESEARCH CENTER ADA OKLA 3TP 66 30U 68 0741 300 68 0749 .00 68 10<>3 300 68 1122 300 68 1123 300 68 1202 300 68 1209 300 69 0001 300 69 0002 300 69 0003 300 69 0004 300 69 0005 ANON RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FRUMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACILITIES AND GUIDELINE S FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SEALED EVAPORATION AND RETENTION PONDS KEYWORDS COLORADO CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEDLOTS FARM-WASTES COLORADO DEPT OF HEALTH, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL COMM DENVER RULES GUIDELINES EVAPORATION APRIL 10 1968 U P 3 FIG DAY D L CONVERSE J C ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORD ROTOR-AERATION SWINE ILL RESEARCH. U ILL AGR EXP STA S68 P16-17 1968 JONES 0 D OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PENS AMMONIA FOAMING MADLEIGH C H HASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS AGRICULTURE FORESTRY AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICALS FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES FARM-WASTES FARM-MANAGEMENT ORGANIC-WA STES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FOREST-MANAGEMENT SEDIMENT-LOAD MICROORGANISMS FARM-ANO-FORESTRY-WASTES DEPT OF AGRICULTURE MISC PUBLICATION NO 1065 MARCH 1968 112 P 4 TAB 1 FIG 139 REF WITZEL S MCCOY E ATTOE 0 J POLKOWSKI L B CRABTREE K T NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTILIZERS ESSENTIAL-N UTRIENTS NITRIFICATION CROPS TOXICITY SOIL-POROSITY IRRIGATION GROUNOWATER RUNOFF FROZEN-GROUND SOIL-EROS ION WATER-POLLUTION DENTRIFICATION PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS ALGAE AQUATIC-PLANTS NITROGEN-CYCLE FARM-WASTE G ROUND-WATER NITRATES EUTROPHICATION WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES AGRICULTURAL-WATERSHEDS TECHNICAL COMPLETION REPORT WATER RESOURCES CENTER UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON DEC 1968 65 P 15 TAB 12 FIG 27 27 REF A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK. WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF HATER KEYWORDS WATER-R6 USE STOCK-WATER DOMESTIC-ANIMALS FARM-WASTES POTABLE-WATER SOLID-WASTES URINE WATER-POLLUTION AERATION AER OBIC-TREATMENT COAGULATION FILTERING-SYSTEMS FILTRATION FLOCCULATION OXIDATION WASTE-STORAGES WASTE-UATER- TREATMENT WATER-PURIFICATION WATER-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT RESEARCH PROJECT TECHNICAL COMPLETION REPORT TO OFFICE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH WASHINGTON D C DEC 19 68 24 P 11 TAB 2 R6F OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICIDE POLLUTING POND OF ADJACENT LANDOWNER KEYWORDS ALABAMA HATER-POLLUTION INSECTICIDES RAINFALL CATTLE PONDS STREAMS FEDE RAL-GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES RAIN LEGAL-ASPECTS JU01CIAL-UECIS IONS WATER-POLLUT10N-EFFECTS WAT ER-POILUTION-SOURCES POLLUTANTS WATER-WELLS DAMAGES REMEDIES REGULATION 294 F SUPPLEMENT 400-405 S D ALA 1968 ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILITY FOR CATTLE WASTE RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-WATER-POLLUTION DAMAGES KANSAS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES FARM.-WASTES POLLUTI ON-ABATEMENT SURFACE-RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL REMEDIES LEGAL-ASPECTS JUDICIA L-DECISIONS LIVESTOCK STOCK-WATER WATER-SUPPLY HATER-NELLS 436 P20 816-S2B KAN 1968 SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAER 081C ODOR OXIDATION-DITCH SPACE-REQUIREMENTS LEGAL-IMPLICATIONS SHINE HOUSING MANAGEMENT DEPT OF AG ENGR COLLEGE OF AC UNlV UF ILLINOIS AUGUST 1969 91 P 232 REF SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE DEPTH SLUDGE MANAGEMENT INLETS OUTLETS LOADING-RATES SOLIDS TEMPERATURE SWINE MANAGEMENT LAGOONS COOP EXT SERVICE, UNIV OF ILL AUG 1969 AENG-B77 CDNFINEMENTJSWINE HOUSING - SPACE REOUIREMENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEASON MANAGEMENT PERF ORMANCE CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING REQUIREMENTS COOP EXT SERVICE, UNlV OF ILL AUGUST L969 AENG-B74 CaNFlNEMENTJSWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCEO-CONCRETE WOOD METAL DIMENSIONS SPACING FAILURE DURABILITY CORROSION CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING COOP EXT SERVICE, UN|V OF ILL AUG 1969 AENG-875 SHINEIWASTEJMANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-CHEMICALSBIOLOGICAL-PROPE RT1ES ANTIBIOTICS NITROGEN POTASH BOD COO NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER-VALUE SWINE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES COOP EXT SERVICE UNIV OF ILL AUG 1969 AENG-87A 51 image: ------- 300 69 0006 MUEH.ING A J SWINE WASTt MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOK TREATING HCG WASTES-FACT SHEET 0"11"6 5LUOGE ooo"s " 300 bV 0007 MUEHUNG 4 J 300 69 0062 DIGUE R R KLINE K J ™?ENTr;ASAGEM-ENTECATTLE°7 "*"" KEyWU"OS "N"««NT-PE« 0,SPUS»L LAGOUNS RUNOPF STORAGE BOO CUD ISO HAT ReSOU RES INST KEPT 69-* USOC CLEARINGHOUSE PB190830JUNE 30 1969 195 P 300 69 0093 DAGUE R R PAULSON W L KLINE K J /ul^^NT^^^^^^.P^^^^OG^^cSST;^"5 "«-»•»" »»« — DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEER.NG "To^dTY REPORT NO 69-2 1,6, 37 P 300 69 0300 ANON 3UO 69 0317 SULLIVAN R J 300 69 0*67 FOSNAUGH J STEPHENS E R S°BEL * T LUUINGTON 0 C HASHIMOTO A G BURNETT ODORS 300 69 0631 AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST DEPT HEALTH APR 1969 Pl-106 300 69 0632 BURNETT \t E AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST OEPT HEALT^A'PR''^^-!"''' '°UES UETERM""*TION ODOR CHICKEN 300 69 0633 SOBEL A T BURNETT W E THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHir..* y.., ^^r^^^^^^^^^^^^- ~s «»««—" 300 69 063* BURNETT W E AIR>OrFlNi[ RiPORf'NEW^ORrsrDEP?HEiuHDAPRCl90p*0-*tU''"DIO><1DE "UwIs'p'wL'M'v* C»R8°N-DI°'"'"E "V° 300 69 0635 LUOINGTON CMj^ SOBEL A T HASHIMOTO A G DIOXIDE CHICKEN DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR-STRENGTH METHANE AMMONIA CARBON AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST OEPT HEALTH APR 69 P*7-6* 300 69 0636 BURNETT W E PAMICULATE MATTER KEYWORDS C.RCULAT.ON GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHYF, LTM.,AM POULTRV.0(JST OOOR^NEL M(mC()l. AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST OEPT HEALTH APR 69 P6S-70 300 69 0637 BURNETT W E DONDERO N C SOUDF,LTR»T,ON TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANK- COMPOUNDS AMMONU HYDROGEN-SULFIOE SOU-COLUMN AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST DEPT HEALTH APR 69 P71-86 300 69 0638 BURNETT W E GORMEL B DOR CONTROLS TREATMENT °S POULTRr *MMONIA-HYDROGEN-SULFIDE CARBON-DIOXIDE CHLORINE 0 AIR POL FINAL REPORT NEW YORK ST DEPT HEALTH APR 69 P87-97 300 69 0735 BUTLER R G Tlw"|OeMl"lcI!"SS5MN"HlN"slLSI!TE0!Sf .Eyt image: ------- 300 69 1061 RULES FOR CONFINED FEEUIMG OPERATIONS HASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK CONFINEME NT-PENS W4TER-POI. LUT ION-SOURCES CATTLE TREATMENT-FACILITIES WATER-POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-WATER-TRE ATMENT WATER-POLLUTIUN-CONTFIUL REGULATION PERMITS STATE-GOVERNMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES LEGISLATION LE GAL-ASPECTS POULTKY ORGANIC-WASTES ADOPT ION-OF-PRACTICES WASTE-WATER-01SPOSAL IOWA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION DES MOINES 1969 3 P ENFORCEMENT OF HATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES ADMINISTRATIVE -AGENCIES POLLUTION-ABATEMENT WATEKCOUR$ES-LEGAL SURFACE-WATERS GROUND-WATER WATER-SUPPLY WATER-REUSE WAT EK-SOUKCCS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FARM-WASTES SEKAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT WATER-USERS WATER-OUALITY S TANDAROS WILDLIFE-CONSERVATION OIL-INDUSTRY SALINE-WATER-INTRUSION TOXINS SEDIMENTS UN-SITE-INVESTICATIONS HYDROLUGIC-CYCLE OKLAHOMA LAW REVIEW VOL 22 NO 3 1969 P 317-3*5 180 REF EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NITROGEN PUBLIC-HEALTH SOIL-LEACHING GROUNOWATER SOIL-PROFILES WAT ER-TABLE SURFACE-RUNOFF FARM-WASTES AEROBIC-CONDITIONS INCUBATION LAKE-EUTRCPHICATION SOIL-PHOSPHORUS ALFA LFA-BROMEGRASS SPRING-THAWS FERTILIZER-NITROGEN REPORT 1969 WATER RESOURCES CENTER UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MAOISON 79 P 300 69 1125 300 69 1180 300 69 1203 300 70 0008 300 70 0909 300 70 0(910 300 70 0073 300 70 020* 300 70 0205 300 70 0206 300 70 0207 300 TO 0206 300 70 0209 300 70 0210 ALLREO E R ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-WASTES ORGANIC-WAS TES MINNESOTA B10CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND FARMS POLLUTANTS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES EUTROPHICATION LIVESTOCK- WASTE-DISPOSAL BROILER-FARMS LIVESTOCK-HASTES-COMPARISON FEEDLOTS MANURE-PRODUCTION FOOD-PROOUCTION-HASTES PROJECTED-L1VESTOCK-FARMS WASTES-MANAGEMENT WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS--SDURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL WRSC BULLETIN 13 HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENT ER UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 1969 P 42-28 3 TAB 2 FIG WELLS D M CQLEMAN E A GRUB W ALBIN R C MEENAGHAN G F CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUNOFF PRECIPITATIO N WATER-POLLUTION IRRIGATION PERCOLATION WASTE-STORAGE PONDS MANAGEMENT BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND NITROG EN AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION FIELD-CROPS GERMINATION TEXAS CATTLE FLUSHING CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY INTERIM REPORT NO 1 TO TEXAS WATER QUALITY BOARD WRC69-7 TEXAS TECH UNIVERS ITY WATER RESOURCES CENTER AUSTIN NOV 1969 3* P 11 TAB 6 FIG FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA WATER-POLLUT10N-SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL • AST6-DISPOSAL WATER-DUALITY WATER-OUAlITY-CONTROL WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES REFUSE SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS GASOLIN E OIL-WASTES FARM-WASTES CATTLE SHEEP HOGS SEWAGE-DISPOSAL STREAMS RIVERS PUBLIC-HEALTH-ADMINI STRATIVE-A NORTH DAKOTA CENTURY CODE ANNOTATED SECTIONS 61-01-12 THRU 61-OL-14 AS AMENDED SUPPLEMENT 1969 JONES D D DAY 0 L DALE A C AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWOKOS OXIDATION-LAGOONS AERATION BOO OXIDATION-DITCH IRRIGATION TREATMENT UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 737 nAY o L JONES D D CONVERSE J C LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES - TERMINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOD COD ODOR OXIDATION-DITCH LOADING-RA TES MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT REPORT JULY 1970 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 97 P GILBERTSON C 8 MCCALLA T M ELLIS J R CROSS 0 E WOODS W R THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF, SOLID-WASTES AND NITRATE-MOVE MENT ON UNPAVED-BEEF-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS EFFECT CHARACTERISTICS SOLID-WAS TES NITRATE-MOVEMENT PUB SB508 NEBR AG EXP STATION JUNE 1970 23 P LEVI 0 R HOLSTEIN J C STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS DAMAGES MISSOURI UNIV OF MISSOURI GUIDE 851 FILE AG ECON 3 3 70 7M POULTRYDPOLLUT?ON PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CORN NUTRIENTS POUL RESEARCHLREPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 55PAGES MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 7INHFL H C FLEGAL C J lirannuCTION KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS DISEASE RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP4-7 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POULTR?NMANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION AGITATION COMPRESSE RESEARCHaREPORTHUTLFARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP8-9 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY DnneDTcnu L S WOLFORD J THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF CORN KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES SOIL -TESTS PH MICHIGAN EFFECT CHICKEN RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP10-15 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY cuonnnnK T C BOTD J S Z1NOEL H C n«YING ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY COSTS DRYER-OPERATION RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PPU-20 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY FLEGAL C J ZINDEL H C THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION DIETS FEED-EFFIC 1ENCY DPW POULTRY-HASTE RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP21-2B MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY FLEGAL C J ZINDEL H C THE RESULT OF FEEDING DRIED-POULTRY-WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG-PRODUCTION AND FEED-CONVERSION KEYWORDS 01 ETS FAT POULTRY EGG-PRODUCTION FEED-CONVERSION RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY 1970 PP29-30 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 53 image: ------- 300 70 0211 FLEGAL C J HNUEL H C EU^HKKNErSjNDDHAUGH-ScZETE^ BODY-WEIGHT. EGG-WEIGHT. SH T <= rev., UEHTUKATED-POULTRY-WASTE PRODUCTION BODY-WEIGHT EGG-WEIGH RESEARCH REPORT ,17 fMH SCIENCE MSU-AES JULY !,70 PP31-33 HICH,GAN STAT£ UNWERSITY 300 70 0212 FLEGAL C J COAN H C MNDEL M c TE Ta i»««-«« °« TH6 TAST£ OF THE RESULIINS E6GS M.H.CH REPO.T ,„ F4BM SCI£NC£ Ms^ESEJuly „„ rm_M mcHiGAN STATE 300 70 0213 THOMAS J M - O.Y-HATT RESEARCH REPORT 117 FARM SCIENCE HSU-AES JUIY 1070 300 70 OJ83 LEVI D rt MISSOURI COLUMBIA, A& ECON PAPER 1970-6 300 70 OJ84 ANON COSTS «»TCft-POLLUT10N ECONOMIC i"«s "»»•«"« "-H !0 „. w FIG , ,„ 300 70 0,85 I LIT«"URE REV,« KEYWOROS OOMEST.C-AN 300 70 0414 VIETS F G NO 330 CONHNEHENT-PENS ORCU^T^S OOO«S AHHONI. 300 70 0455 SPAHR S L 'lSi»«;SP?S"L "ROBLiM *EVW°RDS °UOR MSES LACOONS «»«CH-NEEOS RESEARCH 12 4 . P 4-S, FALL 1970 300 70 047S BRAIDS 0 C SOBHAN ILLINOIS RESEARCH* * * NIT(UTES SLUDGE*"" C"°PS NECESS4KY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS IRRIGATION CORN RE60-CANAR 300 70 0487 ST AMANT P p BECK WAT OUAL MGT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS OCT 1970 1 300 70 0488 Olm.CH B . FREEH,, L „ US°' "^ 13"° °" J«« »•»• rnccnAli L K REG^r:;nSv?i'"-!--^r400--"-"-««-"» 300 70 0489 DEA $ J USD1 FWQ* U03° DYr J"NE 1969 300 70 0490 EVANS N A """ ^ n"° OYY JUNE »»'• AREAS t 45-55 300 70 0491 BAIN R C JR MARLAR J T S£l-CUU*CONTR"oJSBLEMSBLEM5 'N 'NUND-SI N« KEYWORDS NAT OUAL MGT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS.USDI OCT 1,70 57-77 300 70 0492 CYWIN A REY G ,,.»«, DISTILLATION OF MAST6WATERS A WATER-RESniinrt tn. BERNARD H - Sii1*^ D'STII-LATION ARID-REGIONS """"" FOR »*ID-REGIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT-REUSE WAT SUAL MGT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS,USDI OCT 1970 8S-94 300 70 0592 FRINK C R PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL «cvunOn« 7FB( MITflHRCM DunenunBn* ....._-.wi "rua*L KEYWORDS ENVIRHUME UT* i _em.«.. _._. ._ , NUTRIENTS FERT1LI 300 70 066S DUGAN G L GOLUEKE C G DS«Ai n u , PHOTOSYNTHETIC RECLAMATION OF AMICULTURA? in?in RIXFORD C E UNIV OF CALIF SANITARY ENGR Ml LMOMrSSt 1°RL "R^V^'"iSJ^ J™™>* »l"E ««LAMAT,ON 300 70 0743 ERICKSON 0 B PHAR PA GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING-COMMERCIAL FESDLDTS lu ..„«., KANSAS COST GUIDELINES F«DIOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRRIGATION FEED RUNOFF NUMBER C-418 COOP EXT SERVICE KANSAS ST U 30P APRIL 1970 30 p 54 image: ------- 300 70 1000 300 70 1036 300 70 1054 300 70 108* 300 70 1101 300 70 1192 300 70 1201 300 70 1247 300 70 12*8 300 71 0099 300 71 0671 HoEHLING A J EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL tlOliS FEED-LOTS bUI LD ING-DES ION SLDTTEO-FLOORS FARROW ING-MOUSE CONSTRUCTION-METHODS NURSURY-BUILDING FINI SHINS-BUILDING SOW-CONFINEMENT HUG-PRODUCTION-SYSTEMS REPORTS OF THE TWELFTH ANNUAL SWINE DAY DEC 1970 P 17-23 8 FIG AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE KAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES FERT ILIZERS CHEMICALS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HATER-POLLU TION-EFFECTS IRRIGATION-PRACTICES LEACHING CONFINEffcNT-PENS DOMESTIC-WASTES SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS HASTE-0 ISPOSAL EUTROPHICATIQN WASTE-ASSIMILATIVE-CAPACITY SALINITY SALINE-SOILS SALT-TOLERANCE SEDIMENTATION SE OIMENT-CONTROL SOU-CONSERVATION CORNELL LAW REVIEW VOL 55 1970 P 7*0-760 111 REF MURPHY L S GOSCH J W NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION IRRIGATION N1TROG EN FARM-WASTES FERTILIZERS AMMONIUN-COMPOUNDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES NITRATE-MOVEMENT FEEDLOTS PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT OHRR PROJECT A-016-RAN MARCH 1970 56 P 13 TAB 19 FIG 38 REF APPELL J R wENOER I MILLER R D CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATER CAS STEAM SULF UR ORGANIC-MATTER PROCESSING FURNACE FUELS URBAN-REfUSE CELLULOSIC-HASTES CARBON-MONOXIDE TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT-25 BUREAU OF MINES SOLID HASTE PROGRAM U S DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR MAY 1970 S P 3 TAB OtvIS E GLOYNA E BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE OH ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALSAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACTERIA OXIDATION-LA GUOMS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA AUTOGOMISTIC-EFFECTS AXEMIC-CULTURES OIEOFF-RATES AFTERGROWTH BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE F IELO-STU01ES GREEN-ALGAE LABORATORY-STUDIES FWPCA GRANT 16050 DDL TECHNICAL REPORT EHE-70-06 CRWR-55 MARCH 1970 U2 P 1** TAB 9 FIG 60 REF FISH6ASJPOTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY PATHOGENIC-8ACFE R1A PSEUOOMONAS FISH OYSTERS CKABS CLOSTRIDIUM SALMONELLA SHICELLA E-COLI BIO INDICATORS BULLHEADS WHITE- PERCH MYCOBACTEKIUM AEROMONAS STAPHYLOCOCCUS PASTELjRELLA LEPTOSP1RA 1970 7 P *0 REF CHAFFER R E BADGER o o IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL POLLUTION-AB ilFMFNT WATER-MANAGEMENT-APPLIEO WATER-OUALITV-ACT ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS LAGOONS HATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS W ASTE-01SPOSAL COST-SHARING LEGAL-ASPECTS SOCIAL-ASPECTS FERTILIZERS BENEFITS ARID-LANDS DRY-SEASONS HASTE- DILUT10NS STABILIZATION DISSOLVED-SOLIDS OKLAHOMA TEXAS RETURN-MONETARY PROFIT WATtR-UTILIZATION PRODUCT I VITY STREAMS LEGISLATION CATTLE WATER-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT OKLAHOMA CURRENT FARM ECONOMICS V 43 NO 1 MARCH 1970 P 3-11 J TAB 19 REF YARDS ACT KEYHOROS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION HATEft-POLLUTION-CONTROL SURFACE-DRAINAGE SURF ("uATERs'suRFACE-RUNOFF HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES LIVESTOCK POLLUTANTS WATER-QUALITY-CONTROL DOMESTIC-AN TMALS AGRICULTURE LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGISLATION OKLAHOMA STATUTES ANNOTATED TITLE 2 SECTIONS 9-20B 9-210 SUPPLEMENT 1970 n?«Bn<:Al$nF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYHOROS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTION-ABATEMENT HATE > anil LIT I ON UNLIMATE-DISPOSAL REGULATION ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES LIQUID-HASTES ORGANIC-WASTES SOLID-WASTES POLLUTANTS HASTE-WATER-OISPOSAL LEGISLATION LEGAL-ASPECTS FARM-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS HOGS CATTLE CANNER IES INDUSTRIAL-PLANTS FOODS POULTRY LIVESTOCK OREGON ADMINISTRATIVE RULES COMPILATION CHAPTER 3*0 SECTIONS *3-005 THRU *3-02S 1970 DITTMAN D HARRIS P ' iiurttnCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS TEXAS HATER-9UALIT Y LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT POULTRY HASTES SOLID-WASTES CATTLE HOGS SHEEP WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM TEXAS'HATER QUALITY BOARD AUSTIN TEXAS UTO 30 P 5 TAB 10 REF «« Of NITRATE BY AN ALGAL SYSTEM KEYHOROS REMOVAL NITRATE ALGAL-SYSTEM AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATER STUDIES REPORT NO 13030 ELY 1S2PP APRIL 1971 lf OF HATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES. PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR CRYING KEYHOROS POULTRY OOOR H » image: ------- 300 1 0412 POULTRY 300 (1 0412 PENN iTOTE UNIV PROG KEPORT 312 APRIL 1971 JOO 71 0457 WOODING N H f!n!2i?TF?FFFF?nFMT?ATopL«ST I'S^\ ,c«°, ?J™ ?QUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SO TES DISPOSAL «E«T«ENT-FACILITIES LAGCONS PERMITS PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATION SEPTIC-TANKS LIOUID-WAS EXT SEH SPEC CIK 154 PENN ST U UNIV PARK 12P 300 71 0466 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES REPORT JAN 1971 p 55 11 TAB 26 FIG 6 OFF MILLER WILLIAM D INFILTRATION RATES AND &ROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS K EYWORDS NITRATES RUNOfF INFlllRartnu r.Dnnunu.Tcn cnl, nJIliuirc cvtTc.1 ,-ie . f"DLaTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS K SOIL ORAINA&E-SYSTEM CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS IONIZATION CATTLE RATE-OF-CONCENTRATION 300 71 0477 MILLER 6 F ?lRM?SAnON"EPo"TI^pSFM:ritnt image: ------- 300 71 0625 300 71 0626 300 71 062T 300 71 0628 300 71 0629 300 71 0630 300 71 0639 SHEPPARO C C FLECAL C J DORN D * DALE J L THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATJR6 TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS FECES ANAL YSIS DRYING-TEMPERATURE PROTEIN POULTRY-WASTE POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P12-16 ESMAY M L SHEPPARO C C DRYINS OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENTILATION AIR-CONTAMINATI ON POULTRY POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P17-27 BUCHOLT2 H F HENDERSON H E FLEGAL C J ZINOEL H C DRIED POULTRY HASTE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR FEEOLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS FEED-EFFECIENCY RECYCLINS POULTRY-* ASTE CATTLE POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P2B-31 VARGHESE S NEFF M GOME! M FLEGAL C J ZINDEl POL1N 0 H C THE METABOLIZEAbLE ENERGY VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION DIET POULTRY POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P32-4* FLEGAL C J DORN 0 A THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTES OPW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SCWL LAYING HEN S-A PRELIMINARY REPORT KEYWORDS NUTRIENT OEHYORATEO-FECES EFFECTS POULTRY POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 1*2 FARM SCI MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P45-48 A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY DR E J BENNE KEYWORDS PROTEIN OEMYDR ATION CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS MOISTURE-CONTENT POULTRY POULTRY POL RESEARCH REP 152 FARM SCIENCE MICH ST UNIV NOV 71 P49-63 BEER C E K06LL1KEK J K USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWO ROS IRRIGATION OEN1TR1FICATION TREATMENT-DISPOSAL APPLJCATION-RATE WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT CHEMICAL-OXYGEN- DEMANO NITRATES AMMONIA SOIL-FILTRATION LAGOON GROUNOWAUR-SYSTEMS COMP REPORT IA STATE WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, OFFICE WAT RESOURCE RESEARCH AGRHT NO 14-31-001-3 215 1SWRRI-41 IOWA STATE UNIV AMES P1-J2 300 71 0672 300 II 0673 300 71 067* 300 71 0675 MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY GAS CHROMAT05RAPHY KEYWORDS AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE HYDROGEN-SULFID t MEASUREMENT CHROMATOGRAPHY AGR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV Pl-6 FINAL RPT ARS-USOA COOP AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42 AWM 71-0* OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE MEASUREMENT ODOR ASR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV 21PP FINAL RPt ARS-USDA COOC AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42 AWM 71-04 LUDINGTON 0 C SOBEL A T GORMEL B CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE CONTROL MANAGEMENT AGR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV P1-15FINAL RPT ARS-USDA COOP AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42 AWM 71-04 KORMEL B SOBEL A T LUOINGTON D C llwnFB CAGE DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS DOOR AIR-ORYING-MANURE CASE AGR WASTE MGMT ASSOC ODOR CONTROL SEPT 71 CORNELL UNIV P1-1SFINAL RPT ARS-USOA COOP AGMT 12-14-100-9767 42 AWM 71-04 300 71 0677 *[J9N_OLLUT,ON POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES BIOCHEMICAL-OXY r=« n»AND FEEDLOTS WASTE-TREATMENT ECONOMIC RUNOFF AEROBIC-TREATMENT SHEEP SWINE POULTRY Tuf BOLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY FINAL REPORT MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITU TE KANSAS CITY MISSOURI NOV 1971 P 1-2Z4 300 71 0689 MANAGEMENT FOR FEEOLOTS KEYWORD NEBRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT FEEDLOTS MT FOR FEEOLOTS EC71-795 u NEBRASKA EXT PS-U mi OF ASTE MGMT FOR FEEOLOTS EC71 300 71 0692 300 71 0697 300 71 0700 EFFECTHOF FEED PROCESSING ON DIGESTIBILITY Of ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEOLOTS MICROFLORA AMMONIA S MANHATTAN Pl-9 1971 KRIZ G J B J W D HQWELS 0 H ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOONS WASTE-DISPOSAL SA 13020DGX AUG 1,71 ^ loOf MIWSIo!! SERVICE COLORADO STATE U 13P OCT 71 300 71 0704 MJJJ°NNJ JNIMAL N»STE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVERNMENT-AGENCIES COSTS tool ExTsER'oREGON ST U CORVALLIS CIRCULAR 763 15P 1971 300 71 0732 LEGAL-ASP ^ScISNtvsTfM5 FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRY-INUUSTRY AEROblC-TREATMEN ? "U-T«"MENT SOLID-HASTES EFFLUENTS TERTIARY-TREATMENT TRICKLING-FILTERS ENTERIC-BACTERIA FLOW-CHARACT U MASS AMHERST COMP REP FY72-7 ,971 1, P 57 image: ------- 300 71 0744 3UO 71 0745 300 71 0752 300 71 1008 300 71 1035 300 71 1055 300 71 1056 300 71 1057 300 71 1058 300 71 1081 300 71 1098 300 71 1100 CROSS B 5 RENEKER K W ANIMAL SLAUGHTERING MO PROCESSING KEYWORDS REGULATIONS BY-PRODUCTS SOLID-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-HASTES WASTE WATER NAT INU POL CONTROL COUNCIL SUB-COUNCIL REPORT FEB 71 14P CROSS B S ANIMAL HASTES WASTES NAT INO PUL CONTROL CUUNCIL STAFF REP FEB 71 15P HAMILTON W A KEYWORDS INDUSTRIAL-HASTES FLOW-CONTROL TERRACES BY-PRODUCTS RENDERING ANIMAL-PROCESSING- VALLICOTT 0 R ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN GESIGN OF FEEDLUT HASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES ITERIA CONSTRUCTION-COSTS COST-SHARING STANDARDS RUNOFF GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT USUA SOIL CONS SERVICE LINCOLN NEB 2P 1971 KEYWORD DESIGN-CR ANON ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL RUNOFF WATER-POLLU TION SOIL-CONTAMINATION FARM-WASTES CATTLE ODOR GROUNOWATER TERRACES SEOIMENTATION IRRIGATION WATER-TABLE NITRATES NEBRASKA COOPERATIVE EFFORT OF NORTHERN PLAINS BRANCH SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION RESEARCH DIVISION ARS USDA AND TH 6 OEPTS OF AGRONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION LINCOLN 4 P 2 ALDRICH S R USCHWALD M R FEHRENBACHER J B IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 8UALITY KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT FA RM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION FARM-MANAGEMENT CRQP-PRODUCTHJN-TECHNOL06Y ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NO 46 MAY 1971 P 7-24 6 TAB 6 FIG ANON ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 197L KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USERS PLANNING PROJEC TS LEGAL-ASPECTS BOTTOM-SEDIMENTS GEOCHEMISTRY HYDROLOGY CONIFEROUS-FORESTS RIVERS LAKES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYG EN-OEMAND DISSOLVED-OXYGEN MANAGEMENT LIVESTOCK-WASTES WATER-QUALITY EDUCATION EUTROPH1CATION PHOSPHATES WATER-PDLLUTION-CONTROL CHLORINATEE-HYDROCARBON-PEST1C IDES MODEL-STUDIES TUBIF1CIDS PHYSICOCHEMICAL-PROPE RTIES GASES POLITICAL-ASPECTS ATTITUDES ENVIRONM ANNUAL REPORT NO 7 MAINE UNIVERSITY WATER RESOURCES CENTER 1»71 18 P HARL N E BALDWIN R A HUBLY 0 W AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS UF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWORDS PERMIT-SYSTE M ECONOMIC-EFFICIENCY WATER-OUALITY WATER-RESOURCE-INVESTMENT IOWA MODEL-STUDIES COST-ANALYSIS WATER-ALLOC ATION-POLICV COMPETING-USES LEGAL-ASPECTS LINEAR-PROGRAMMING COST-ALLOCATION EVALUATION COMPLETION REPORT ISWRfU-43 IOWA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE AMES NOV 1971 261 P 27 TAB 7 FIG 122 RE.F CROSS f K CAVIN L M EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASIN KEYWORDS FISHKI LL WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS SAMPLING HABITATS FEEDLOT-POLLUTI ON UPPER-NEOSHO-RIVER-BASIN NOCOMIS-ASPER NOTR OPIS-RUBELLUS NOTURUS-NOCTURNUS NOTORJS-PLACIDUS NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS NOTROPIS-CAMURUS COMPLETION REPORT OWRR A-026-KAN1 1971 50 P 7 TAB 6 FIG 16 REF JOHNSON J D STRAUB C P DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF ANO GROUNDWATER FLOW IN CVERFER TIII7.ATION OF SURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS MATHEMATICAL-MODELS WATERSHEDS-BASINS NUTRIENTS NITROGEN PHOSPHOR US STREAHFLOW SEWAGE-TREATMENT EFFLUENTS ANNUAL-WASTES FERTILIZERS PRECIPITATION-ATMOSPHERIC SOILS WATER-P OLLUTION-SOURCES MODEL-STUDIES MINNESOTA SNOWMELT TREATMENT-FACILITIES NITROGEN-FIXATION DEMITRIFICATION WRRC BULLETIN 35 OWRR PROJECT B-012-MINN1 MINNESOTA WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER MINNEAPOLIS JUNE 197 I 176 P 65 TAB 58 FIG 78 REF APPELL H R Fu Y C FRIEDMAN S YAVORSKY P M WENUER I CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTURAL-WASTES WOOD LIGNINS WATER TEMPERATURE CATALYSTS SOLVENTS CONVERSION OIL SOLID-WASTES LOW-SULFUR-OIL URBAN-REFUSE CARBO N-MONOXIDE LIOUIO-FUELS WASTE-PRODUCTS CONTINUOUS-REACTOR SUCROSE BUREAU OF MINES REPORT OF INVESTIGATION 1971 RI 7560 DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR 1971 20 P 10 TAB 3 FIG ANON BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM A9UATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS A8UATIC-PLANTS FISH POULTRY MINK SWINE RUMINANTS FEEDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL SEWAGE-TREATHENT ANIMAL-HUSBANDRY FISH-PROTEIN CENTER PUBLICATION NO 71-3 COASTAL PLAINS CENTER FOR MARINE DEVELOPMENT SERVICES WILMINGTION NORTH CAROLIN A AUG 1971 113 P DEGOEIJ J J M DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRON-ACTIVATION-ANAL YSIS CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES POLLUTANT-IDENTIFICATION WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HEAVY-METALS SEP ARATION-TECHNIQUES IRRADIATION SEDIMENTS CATTLE BIRDS FOODS PLANTS MARINE FISH TOXICITY MILK WATER-ANALYSI S MARINE-ANIMALS SALMON HERRINSS COMMERCIAL-FISH AUTOMATION BIOLOGICAL-SAMPLES METHYL-MERCURY PH1NE-RIVER SEALS-ANIMALS REPORT NO IRI-133-71-17 1971 21 P 1 TAB 12 FIG 10 REF 300 71 1106 ANON MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL SEDIMENTS FARM-WASTES NUTRIENTS PHOSPHORUS ALG AE NITRATES HATER-REUSE SALINITY PESTICIDES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL OXIDATION-LAGOONS DEHYDRATION RUNOF F RADIOACTIVITY FALLOUT 6IOCONTROL INSECT-CONTROL IRRIGATION PREOATION PARASITISM INSECT-RESISTANCE INSE CT-ATTRACTANTS PRECIPITATION-ATMOSPHERIC GENETICS EROSION-CONTROL AIR-POLLUTION TREES AGRICULTURE INFORMATION BULLETIN NO 351 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON U C APRIL 1971 48 P 300 71 1107 ANON HATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART t KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICALS CHEMICAL -WASTES FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES MISSOURI KANSAS RUNOFF FERTILIZ5RS PESTICIDES WASTE- p|SPOSAL NITRATES LEACHING SALTS "SOCUTED-COST^ElJTROPHICAnON LEGAL-ASPECTS SOCIAL-ASPECTS NUTRIENTS BO AND WATER POLLUTION 92NO CONGRESS 1ST S ESSION APRIL 2 1971 P 2515-3U8 206 TAB 64 FIG 420 REF 58 image: ------- JOO Tl 1119 TSAO G T TREATMENT OF AUUEOUS AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR CLEAN HATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION KEYWORDS 0 XYGEN 4BSORPTICIN FOAMING AERATION C YTOLOG ICAL-STUOI ES FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATME NT HALOORF-AEKATOR CELL-GKOWTH WHEY COMPLETION REPORT ISWRRI-33 IUHA STATE HATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE AMES APRIL 1971 34 P 27 FIG 12 REF 300 71 1126 BEYERS R J BRISBIN I L CULEMAN 0 C GENTRY J B GIBBONS J N SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENT CYCL ING-NUTRIEN TS RADIOACTIVITY-EFFECTS HATER-POLLUT ION-EFFECTS ECOSYSTEMS THERMAL-POLLUTION RADIOECQLOGY SOUTHEAST-US MI CROORGANISMS bASS ECOLOGY SNAKES POULTRY AOUATIC-LIFE RODENTS ACUAT IC-HABITATS AOUATIC-PLANTS AMPHIBIANS T UKTLES PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS RESERVOIRS STREAMS SOIL-UATER-PLANT-RELATIONSHIPS ABSORPTION AUG 1S71 4JO P 300 71 1230 NiODOY P 0 HARPER J P COLLINS R K HILLS S 0 HEIOAft F A CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRAT ING-SCREEN HYDRAULIC-TRANSPORT ULI IMATE-OISP OSAL AEROBIC-LAGOON-TKEATMENT RECYCLED-WASHWATER DIMENSIONAL-ANALYSIS LIVESTOCK-WASTE PHYSICAL-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT RECYCLE LIVESTOCK-HASTE PROJECT NO 130*0 DKP AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL LABORATORY MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY EAST LANS ING MICHIGAN JUNE 1971 110 P , 300 71 1245 DUFFER H K KREIS R 0 HARLIN C C JR EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF ON WATEH QUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL AMMONIA DISSOLVED -OXYGEN RUNOFF ORGANIC-HASTES NUTRIENTS PHVTOPLANKTON MACROBENTHOS LIGHT-PENETRATION BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOTS ZUOPLANKTON SOLIDS-CONCENTRATION EFFECTS IMPOUNDMENTS ROBERT 5 KERR WATER RESEARCH CENTER ADA OKLAHOMA 53 P 7 TAB 13 FIG 9 REF 300 71 12*6 ANONYMOUS FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS HATEK-POLLUT ION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLUTANTS NON-STRUCT URAL-ALTERNATIVES PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS HATER-LAH LEGISLATION REGULATION FARM-WASTES LAVESTOCK MANAGEMENT F INANCING MISSOURI-RIVER RIVER-BASINS TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PILOT STEERING TASK GROUP KANSAS CITY MO JUNE 1971 45 P 2 FIG 300 71 1257 BUTCHBAKER A F CARTON J E MAHONEY G U A PAINE M 0 EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS BEEF-WASTE WASTE-HANDLING-AL IE RNATIVES HASTE-TREATMENT-ALTERNATIVES ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-HANDLING-COSTS FEEOLOT-DESIGN POLLUTION-CONT ROL BEEF-HASTE-MANAGEMENT WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES GRANT NO 13040 FXG OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OKLAH DMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER OKLAHOMA NOV 1971 322 P 300 71 1261 DIETRICH R A INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIES OF SUE KEYWOR DS FEED-LOTS CATTLE ECONOMICS SIZE REGIONAL-PRODUCTION-CHARACTERISTICS TRANSPORTATION-RATES LEAST-COST-SH IPMENT-ROUTES FEED-GRAINS PROJECT NO HM-2489 IN COOPERATION WITH THE US DEPT OF AGRICULTURE TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STAT ION SEPT 1971 55 P 39 TAB 8 FIG 300 72 1003 ANON CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION FA RH-WASTES LAGOONS RUNOFF WASTE-DISPOSAL PACIFIC-NORTHWEST-US WASTE-MANAGEMENT SITE-SELECTION MANURE-MOUND U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION X SEATTLE WASHINGTON APRIL 1972 63 P 6 TAB 35 PIG 8 REF JOO 72 1052 HUTCHINSON R E HOFFMAN R A JEFFREY R f EFFECT OF ANIMAL HASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GRCUNOwATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SO URCES GROUNDWATER FARM-WASTES NITROGEN MAINE ON-SI TE-INVESTIGATIONS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES POULTRY PATH-0 F-POLLUTANTS SOIL-PROPERTIES RATES-OF-APPLICAUON INFILTRATION-RATES DATA-COLLECTIONS POULTRY-MANURE PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT OWRR A-020-ME1 MAINE WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER ORONO SEPT 1972 38 P 21 TAB 8 FIG 300 72 1070 E8Y H J SINGH V P PERIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-DISPOSAL LASOONS KEYWORD S RECYCLING NUTRIENTS WASTE-WATER LAGOONS ALGAE BACTERIA SEWAGE OXIDATION CLIMATIC-ZONES PROTEINS FARM-W ASTES INDIA HASTE-DISPOSAL-LAGOONS SEASONAL-GROWTH PRODUCTION RESEARCH REPORT NO 142 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE US DEPT OF AGRICULTURE APRIL 1972 8 P 2 TAB 2 FIG 300 72 1085 KREIS R 0 SCALF M R MCNABB J CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS CATTLE CONFINEMENT-PENS RAINFALL -RUNOFF-RELATIONSHIPS POLLUTANTS FARM-HASTES NUTRIENTS BIO-CHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CHEMICAL-OXYGEN DEMAND COLIFORMS STREPTOCOCCUS FEEOLOT MANURE-WASTES WASTES-CHARACTERISTICS SOLIDS TOTAL-ORGANI S-CARBON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REPORT NUMBER EPA-R2-72-061 SEPT 1972 43 P 10 TAB 2 FIG 26 REF 300 72 1146 ANON FEEDLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PROTEINS DIGESTIBILIT AGRICULTURE AT OSU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER OKLAHOMA SUMMER 1972 1 P 300 72 1157 CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE COMMITTEE CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN MANAGEMENT POLLUTI ON MANURE-UTILIZATION NITROSEN FARM-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION WASTE-T REATMENT HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL DEHYDRATION INCINERATION ZONING REGULATIONS LEGAL-ASPECTS EQUIPMENT FERTILIZERS CANADA COMPOSTING CANADIAN-LEGISLATION DEAD-BIRD-DISPOSAL CANADA 1972 97 P 9 TAB 4 FIG 300 72 1170 BRODIE H L POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER-POLLUT ION FARM -WASTES HOGS PERCOLATION FLOOD-IRRIGATION WASTE-DISPOSAL NITROGEN CHEMICAL-OXVGEN-DEM'ANO PHOSPHATES CHLO RIDES SULFATES MARYLAND TECHNICAL REPORT NO 13 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER AGRICULTURAL ENGINES RING DEPARTMENT COLLEGE PARK JULY 1970-JUNE 1972 25 P 6 TAB 1 FIG 21 REF 300 72 1182 ZINDEL H C CHANG T S CARTER G R BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING HET AND DRIED POULTRY FECES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION P OULTRY BACTERIA CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS RECYCLING INCUBATION MICHIGAN JOURNAL ARTICLE NO 5928 MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY EAST LANSING 1972 4 P 2 REF image: ------- 300 72 1260 LIN S NONPUINT RUKAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS MATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES ER OSION SEDIMENT FARM-WASTES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL ILLINOIS DOT SOIL-CO NSEK VAT ION-METHODS ILLINOIS STATE MATER SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION URBAN* ILLINOIS 1972 36 P 20 TAB 4 F IU 84 KEF 300 72 1264 SWEETEN J M PRINCIPLES OF FEEOLOT ODOrt CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC-BACTERIA M01STU RE-CONTENTS TEMPERATURE WASTE-TREATMENT POULTRY LAGOONS WASTE-DISPOSAL ODOR-CONTROL ODOR-MEASUREMENTS OD UR-INTENSITY OOOR-OUALITY TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE TEXAS A M UNIVERSITY DEC 1 1972 8 P * REF 300 73 1009 WHITE R K STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS RUNOFF BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND NITROGEN WATER-OUALI TV CLIMATES RAINFALL WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIGATION OHIO PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NO 393X UNITED STATES OEPT OF INTERIOR DEC 1972 33 P 5 TAB 1* FIG 5 «EF 400 64 0335 CULPIN C EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRINKLER- IRR IGATION Ml XING EOUIPMENT DISPOSAL CHEMISTRY £ INDUSTRY FEB It, 1964 350-353 3 KEF 400 64 0358 HHEATLAND A B BORNE 8 J TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS BOD VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER ENGLAND IRRIGATION TREATMENT CHEMISTRY t INDUSTRY FEb 29f 1964 357-362 400 64 0379 WILEY J S A REPORT ON THREE MANURE-COMPOSTING PLANTS KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-DECOMPOSITION AMMONIA SOIL-CONDITIONER COMPOST SCIENCE 5 SUMMER 1964 15-16 400 65 0332 ANON HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOLUME PUMPS TANK-SPRE ADERS HOARD S DAIRYMAN 109 NOV 25. 1965 1254-1255 1280-1281 400 65 0356 REED C H FURROW MANURE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY APPLICATION-RATES PLOW-FURROW-COVER DISPOSAL POULTRY DIGEST 24 1965 278 400 65 0439 SCHEFFERLE H E THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC HATTER NITROGEN B ACTERIA POULTRY-LITTER JOUR OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY VOL 28 NO 3 PP412-420 1965 400 65 0485 BRADLEY M RUSSELL W POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEOAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE-OF-GAIN POULTRY-LI TTER CATTLE-FEED FEEOSTUFFSt VOL 37. NO 8, P $9-60, 1969 400 65 1127 SMITH G E WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES MISSOURI MATER-SUPPL Y WATER-WELLS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES HOARDS DAIRYMAN V 110 NO 18 SEPT 25 1965 P 1048-1049 3 FIG 400 65 1141 GRUNOMAN J E NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MISSOURI WATER-POLL UT10N-SOURCES NITRATE-CYANOSIS MISSOURI RURALIST FEB 27 1965 P 24-25 400 65 1142 LEBEDA D L DAY 0 L WASTE CAUSED AIR POLLUTANTS ARE MEASURED IN SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS VENTILATION SWINE-WASTE TOLERANCE-LE VELS GAS-CONCENTRATIONS THRESHOLD-LEVELS REPRINTED FROM ILLINOIS RESERCH FALL 1965 400 66 0088 RILEY C T POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZERS HANDLING POULTRY DISPOSAL AGRICULTURE 73 1966 110-112 400 66 0354 GIBSON E A SALMONELLOSIS IN CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS SALMONELLOSI S CATT LE AGRICULTURE 73 1966 213-216 400 66 0380 EBY H J • TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT KEYWORDS ORGANIC-WASTES VOLUME ORGANIC-MATTER GRASS-BELTS POLLUTION-CONTROL COMPOST SCIENCE 7 AUTUMN 1966 7-10 400 67 0336 GIBSON E A DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND DISPOSAL AGRICULTURE 74 1967 183-188 400 67 0359 LINN A WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM KEYWORDS OXIOAT I OH-OI TCH ODOR AEROBIC-BACTERIA ROTOR PROBLEM FARM QUARTERLY WINTER 1966-67 56-59 115-116 400 67 1226 t WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS EU TROPHICATION IRRIGATION MANURE FEED-LOTS JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION NOV DEC 1967 P 228-231 4 TAB 26 KEF 60 image: ------- 400 68 0015 ANON FEEDERS AVQID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWOHOS LAGOON POND FURROW-IRRIGATION PUMP SOIL CONSERVATION 34 4 MOV 1968 84-86 400 68 0032 BULLARO H E JK NATURAL FILTERS fOR AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-I RKIGAT ION EFFLUENTS ORGANIC-HASTES DILUTION HAST6-HATEB-DISPOSAL BACTERIA ORGANIC-MATTER FILTERS SOIL CONSERVATION 34 4 NOW 1968 75-77 400 68 0033 UNDERWOOD C in?!G?,Tlc2 "ITH Alm*L WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SEWAGE-DISPOSAL EFFLUENT HOGS BASIN SOIL CONSERVATION 34 4 NOV 1968 61-62 400 68 0038 SMITH G R ABBOTT F D PONUS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS HATER-QUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNOFF SOIL SCS SDLIO-W SOIL CONSERVATION 37 4 NOV 1968 78-79 400 68 0101 VAN DAM J PERRY C A ???i!!E MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PkOOUCT FORMS KEVHOROS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PROCESSING-PLANT PACK AbING BULK MANAGEMENT-COSTS CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE 22 12 DEC 1968 12-U COMPOST SCIENCE V9 N2 PP26-27 SUMMER 196B 400 66 0229 WILLIAMS H R «»TER-SU»LJTY MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-SHED-PROTEC McNT * WATER C SEWAGE WORKS 115 OCT 1968 463-464 400 66 0«49 RILEY C T WASTES fROM THE POULTRY INDUSTRY KEYWORDS ENGLAND POULTRY AGRICULTURE V75 NB PP374-76 AUG 1968 400 69 0016 ANON 5liI«'inmL«? FEE"l-OTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNDWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SOIL-CONTAMINATION NI TRATES AQUIFERS DENITRIFICATION WATER-TABLE PERCOLATION FEEOLOTS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 18 6 DEC 1969 14-15 400 69 0039 WILMORE R LABOR DISPOSAL0" °'SPOSAL K£Y"OROS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION FARM JOURNAL 93 6 AUG 1969 26C-26D 400 69 0419 MILLER B F SHAW J H P°ULm "**IU(IE BV DIPTER» "DWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM HASTES MUSCA OOMESTI POULTRY SCI VOL 48 NO 5 1969 PP1844-1855 400 69 1045 CAMPBELL F R WEBBER L R T° ™E Fe«T"-UATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NUTRIENTS WATER-POLL n. NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS RUNOFF FARM-HASTES PRODUCTIVITY AQUATIC-PLANTS E ~UN TAR 10 JOURNAL OF SOIL AND HATER CONSERVATION VOL 24 NO 4 AUG 1969 P 139-141 2 TAB 2 FIG 9 REF 400 69 1225 WADLEIGH C H BRITT C S CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEVELOPMENT WATER-POL ic "ON EUTRQPHICATION GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTS SOIL-CONSERVATION INDUSTRIAL-WASTES MUNICIPAL-WASTES FERTILISE ,LZU Si DES SOIL-EROSION ANIMAL-WASTES ECONOMICS NITROGEN WATER-CONSERVATION SOIL-RUNOFF LIVESTOCK JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION VOL 24 NO 4 OCTOBER 1969 P 172-175 4 REF 400 70 0022 GILIILAND J o fYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYHORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY-AERATION SYSTEM LACUQNS POULTRY DIGEST 29 341 330-331 JULY 1970 400 70 0029 FA1RBA1RN C B S!mES.!°!iVI51f.HANURE *S CATTLE fEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE POULTRY-MANURE CATTLE-FEED POULTRY DIGEST 29 341 331 JULY 1970 400 70 0046 JONES K B C E*jMi?t?JL°ISPOSAL " *MENITY 'N0 G°OD NEIGHBOURLINESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BUILD'ING-COOES NOIS c NUISANCES DISPOSAL GREAT BRITAIN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE 77 4 165 APRIL 1970 400 70 0068 HANNAH H N „„..,. DEFEN*ES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS KEYHORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POULTRY NUISANCE POULTRY DIGEST, P 601, DECEMBER 1970 400 70 0069 ANON CONNECTICUT REQUIREMENTS FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS REGULATIONS POLLUTANTS CONNECTICUT DISPOSA POULTRY DIGEST, P 583, DECEMBER 1970 400 70 0070 MARTIN W P VAlUE*SDtsPOs"'AL"NASTE DI5(>OSM-'HEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS FERTILIZERS MANURE- JOUR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION 2» MARCH 1970 43-45 400 70 0091 LUDINGTON D C SOBEL A T MOISTURE OOORSASES "ANURE ODORS "DWORDS POULTRY AMMONIA HYOROGEN-SULFIDE CHROMATOGRAPHY ORANIC-ACID5 POULTRY DIGEST SEPT 1970 P445-446 61 image: ------- 400 TO 0092 ANON SEEK DATA IN FEEDICT RESEARCH KEYWORDS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEOLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOO CATTLE POPULATION-EOUIVA LENTS TERRACESRESEARCH SOUTH DAKOTA FARM C HONE RESEARCH 21 2 P22-27 SPRING 1970 400 70 (1097 P4RSUNS R A PRICE F FAIRBANK W C POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EQUIPMENT COSTS FLUSHING-GUTTER MICRO ORGANISMS ODORPOULTRY LAGOON-DESIGN PUULTRY DIGEST, 29 344 , P485-488. OCT 1970 401) 70 0101 CHARLES 0 U SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS SALT RATION POULT RY PUULTRY DIGEST SEPT 1970 431 400 70 Otll HERR G H UNDEK-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS LAGOONS DISPOSAL A ERAUON AEROBIC DRYING STIRRING LIOUID-UASTES ODOR-PROBLEMS POULTRY DIGEST, 29 344 P476-479, OCT 1970 400 70 0113 RIOLEN S f JOHNSON H S LOCATING A POULTRY ENTERPRISE KEYWORDS NEIGHBORS ECGS PUULTRY DIGEST, 29 344 , P495-496, OCT 1970 400 70 0268 ANON MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE DISPOSAL U1TIMATE DISPOSAL WASTE STORAGE FACILITIES FARM WAST ES STACKING HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL lit OCT 1970 PP1028.1067 400 70 0308 HARTMAN R C DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES SIOTTED-FLOOR VENTILATION POULTRY DIGEST DEC 1970 P 580-583 400 TO 0351 FAULKNER c DAIRY-SET-UP FOR 200 COWS KEYWORDS LAGOON COSTS FREE-STALL-HOUSING EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON POWER FARMING JANUARY 1.970 38-39 400 70 0357 AODISON J N FROM THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFICATIONS SURVEY AGRICULTURE 77 11 NOV 1970 534-536 400 70 0419 ANDERSON E 0 TURNING WASTES INTO PROFITS KEYWORDS HASTE TREATMENT POULTRY DRYING ODOR CONTROL WASTE STORAGE FARM OUARTERLY VOL 25 NO 6 NOV-DCC 1970 PP48-49.8S 400 70 0577 SOBEL A T BLOCK DRYING UF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN COMPOST SCIENCE VOL 11 N03 1970 P28-29 400 70 0579 RUSSELL J OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE ODORS, MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS HOGS SMART-PORK-FARM 0X1 CATION-DITCHES ODORS HANDLING FARM JOURNAL 94 8 H-10 AUC 70 400 70 1132 GERSTNER J THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK THE FURROW SEPT OCT 1970 P 1-2 460 70 1133 ANON POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING FARM-WASTES LEGAL-ASPECTS LI VESTOCK THE FURROW SEPT OCT 1970 P 4 400 TO 1176 FRINK C R ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES NUTRIENTS SEHAGE-T REATMENT FERTILIZERS FARM-PRACTICES COMPOST SCIENCE NOV DEC 19TO P 14-15 7 REF 400 71 0262 BERGE 0 I WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL CATTLE WASTE STORAGE HASTE UTILIZATION ODOR HANDLING HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL 116 MARCH 25 1971 PP353i3B3 : 400 71 0264 BATES D W HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE DUMPS FARM-WASTES CATTLE HA NDLING-METHODS SLURRY HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL 116 MARCH 10 1971 PP27) WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST FACTORS CAPITAL INV CSTNENTS MANAGEMENT HOARD S DAIRYMAN VOL 116 APRIL 10 1971 PP420 400 71 0293 SMITH W M SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITV EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH KEYWORDS EGGS EFF ECTS POULTRY FARM-WASTES DOT PHOSPHORUS PROTEINS CONFINEMENT-PENS OYSTERS CALCIUM FEEDS AMINO-ACIOS WHEAT SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EGG-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUPEN CHICKEN-HOUSING COW-MANURE POULTRY DIGEST MARCH 1971 P 136-137 400 71 0 94 MNUR6 MIT|S IN ,NTEG(UIEO FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CALIFORNIA FLY-CONTROl POULTRY DIGEST P6B FEB 71 62 image: ------- 400 71 02V5 ANON PUULTKYCDIGtSTH pL"" L*YEl< "^^ KEYWORDS POULTRY bflU N-IRELAND ODOR OX IUATION-D ITCH 4uU Tl 02V7 HARTMAN » C PUULTKY""GESTAA" °Vl:R U6El> P" K6¥WORDS "ULTRY FSRH-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE 400 71 029B OLSON t A NrNASANAlINGNf "$T6S IU PKEVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATEK-DISPCSAL WASTE-MANAGED NEBRASKA FAKMER APRIL 1171 P 18 20 22 400 71 0305 LAURA R 0 IDNANI M A of,I?!IIJI^r^Fo6,c!T?': OESS'"T10N ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION MIC RUB1AL DECOMPOSITION ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION EffECT CURKENI SCI VOL 40 NO 7 1971 PP158 400 71 03U9 WILLSON G B POULTR^ "lGESTLJpl32-3«EJULy*nT °°MS KEYWORDS FILTERS OUST MATER-SPRAY CONTROL POULTRY ODORS 400 71 0311 BKESSLER GO KeYHORDS 1EROB't ANAEROBIC STORAGE OOORS MANOUNG M HASTES POULTRY WASTE DISPOSAL DRIED POULTRY WASTE DIETS WASTE T KCMinC'XIKtl.TLLbU POULTRY DIGEST VOL 30 351 MAY 1S71 PP231-233 400 71 0329 HARKOLO T : INCI^"TION "«TE '««T«NT DISPOSE HATCHERY 4UU 71 0339 JOHNSON C ' NLOISPOSAr*y "ANURE PROBLE>'S KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED WATER HOGS OXIOAT ION-DITCH FLUSHING-GUTTER COLLECTID HOG FARM MANAGEMENT 8 1 , P 23-25128, JAN 1971 4UO 71 034S ANON ?SuLTRYXDIG6S?? p4U?jSNU«YAi,71EVHORDS ('01"-TRY"'">OST1NG MIXING DISPOSAL 4UU 71 0350 ADOLPH R H !f,.^™U " POULTRY DI 41/0 71 0*35 VIETS F 0 JR ,.™ "*NURE KEMOVAL TO AVOID FLY BREEDING KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA POULTRY ODORS FLY POULTRY DIGEST, P 29, JANUARY 1971 • ' C*TUE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL AIR POLLUTION WASTE DUMPS WASTE AG SCI REVIEW VOL 9 NO 1 1ST OUAH 1971 PP1-8 400 71 0446 CHUMNEY R 0 400 71 0*56 SKINNER J L TRY TO KEEP ODORS UNDER CONTROL KEYWORDS ODORS CONTROL POULTRY DIGEST P16 MARCH 71 400 71 0*63 ANON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS CHEMICAL POULTRY CHARACTERISTICS POULTRY DIGEST PP439-441 SEPT 1971 400 71 0*65 CALV6RT C C ' FEED ADDITIVE RESIDUES IK POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS AOOI T I VE-RE S I DUES POULTRY POULTRY DIGEST PP"3»6-3<)8 AUC 1971 . 400 71 0504 ANON . SS,S,,TTS! E!?I?**T1NG POUL'"tY MANURE KtYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILISERS EOUIPMENT COST DEHYDRAT ING-POULTRY POULTRY DIGEST , P l*3i MARCH 1971 : • 400 71 0505 FEREBEE DC S!i.iri?!MENT"ltE*R">IS OF Tulll'eYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSYCHHOMETR ICS CONTROLS TURKEYS POULTRY DIGEST P 110-112 MARCH 1971 *UO 71 0568 FAIR BANK W C BRAMHALL EL D!*?NG"*D D1SI>OS*L Bv "ENOiRine KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ART IFICAL-USE HASTE-DISPOSAL DISPOSAL REN POULTY DIGEST VOL 30 NO 358 DEC 1971 PP600-601 400 71 OS7S OSTRANDER C E 63 image: ------- 4i,j 71 U6fc6 >l*l! (. •::t. P^CCuSS CJ'JVtiUS CATTLE RUMtN TC FEEUSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE HASTE-TREATMEN1 SUSPENOEO-SOL IDS FARH-WAS TEi FEEC.STUFF FcElSTUFFS VCL 43 \0 2R JULY 10 1971 "I.- 71 U7JI TURKS!* C 0 ijISPUSIiV, DF APICAL »AiT£S KEYhOROS FARM-HASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER DISPOSING C-tCPS A'.', jCILS Feo^uASY H71 P 10-11 ••'-•'j 71 0753 VA\ CM" J PffMY C A f'tNuRE CAN bL P".C;CESSfu »NO SCLl. AT «, PKOF1T KEYkCKD FEEOLOT CATTLE MAHKET-VALUE WASTE-DISPOSAL REUSE IHE OKACTICING NUT* I 110; image: ------- 4UO 72 1173 ANON NEW ODOR CONTROL PKDDUCT KEYWORDS ODOR HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTA SSIUM ASH CUTLf. FARM-WASTES AIR-POLLUTION HASTE-TREATMENT OKLAHOMA CALF NEWS V 10 NO 7 JULY 1972 P 22 4GO 72 1179 AMON THE PK1CC TAG TO STOP FEEDLUT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETTLING-BASINS LAGO ONS IRRIGATION NUTRIENTS RUNOFF DIVERSION-STRUCTURES TERRACES-AGRICULTURAL MISSOURI INSTALLATION-COSTS 0 PEKAT1NG-COSTS CATTLE BEEF u H NO 8 APM 1972 P 6-7 4 TAB 400 71 1007 ANON F€EUESS SCOLOEO FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOMICS CATTLE F6EDLOT S HASTE-DISPOSAL FeRTILUER IEXAS IRRIGATION RETENTION-PONDS PLAYA-LAKES BEEF VOL 9 NO 7 MARCH 1973 P 43 66 1 FIG <>00 73 1063 CARMAN U H AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES SOILS EUTROPHIC AT1QN LIVESTOCK AGRICULTURE FARM-WASTES FARM-ANIMALS FERTILIZERS FEED-LOTS ALGAE PLANKTON NUTRIENTS CIRBO N-OIOXIUE HELLS LAKES BALANCE-OF-NATURE CROPS 1 SOILS VOL 25 NO 9 AUG-SEPT 1973 P 14-19 400 71 1068 ZUROHSK! T MEM FEEOLOT CUNCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-LOTS NUTRIE NTS FEEDS ECONOMICS BACTERIA REFEEOING COHMEL FARH-ECOLO&Y-COMPANY FQOO-ANO-DRUG-ADHIN1STRAT10N COWOOMIN IUM FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT VOL 15 NO « HUG 1973 P 26 1 FIG 400 73 1073 B1ELBY D H MILLER 1 H WEBBER L R NITRATE CONTENT Of PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYHOKOS NITRATES FARM-HASTES LYSIHETERS CORN SLUR RIES WASTE-DISPOSAL GROUNDUATER SOILS POULTRY IRRIGATION OENI TRIFICATION ONTARIO PERCOLATES GUELPH-SANDY-L 0AM ' JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION VOL Z8 NO 3 MAY-JUNE 1973 f 124-126 4 TAB 3 REF 400 73 1140 ANON ANOTHER POSSIBLE PROCESS FOR MANURE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT FERTILIZERS AMMONIA CALF NEWS V 11 NO 1 JAN 1973 P 38 400 73 114? ANON ' FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING FEEDS EQUIPMENT CALIFORNIA FEED S CALF NEWS V 11 NO I JAN 1973 P 28-29 52 400 73 1158 SWANSON N DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EH KE1WOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-01 SPOSAL HATER- POLLUTION-CONfRUL IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS FLOOD-PROTECTION DIKES SUMPS BASINS NEBRASKA CATTLE SOIL-CONSERVATIO N-SERVICE RURAL -ENVIRONMENTAL- ASS I STANCE- PROGRAM REPRINTED FROM NEBRASKA FARMER FEB J 1973 P 13-15 1 FIG 400 73 1168 ELAN H L CALIFORNIA HASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYHORUS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING EFFLUENT NITRATES SALTS LEAKAGE PUMP RECYCLING DAIRY-INDUSTRY CALIFORNIA WASTE-VtATER-lRRIGAT ION FERTILIZERS FARM-HASTES HOARDS DAIRYMAN V 1 IB NO 5 MAR 10 1973 P 311 362 3 FIG tOO 73 1178 CONVERSE J C OOOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYHORDS OOOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSIRY CONFINEMENT-PENS H ASTE-STORAGE OXIDATION-LAGOONS GASES TOXICITY VOLATILITY AERATION VENTILATION ANHEROBtC-BACTER IA HOARDS DAIRYMAN V 118 NO 13 JULY 10 1973 P B19 100 7} 1181 MEAOE T L SALMON THAT NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA KEYHORDS RECIRCUL*TED-wATE* SALMON RHODE-ISLAND CONTROLLEO-ENVIRONME NT TOXIC-HASTES DEN I TR IF 1 CAT ION-COLUMN THE AMERICAN FISH FARMER V 4 NO 5 APR 1973 P 9-10 3 FIG •00 7) 1183 ANON CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYHORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS CATTLE EFFLUENT HASTE-DISJOSAL IRRIGATION-SYSTEM FERTILIZERS ALFALFA ARIZONA CALF NEWS V 11 NO 3 MAR 1973 P 52-53 68-69 iOO 7} 1191 MANTHEY E H MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MAN? PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS RELOCATION FARM-HASTES FEED-LOTS A RIZONA CATTLE RETENTION-POND f LY-PARAS1TES BIOLOGICAL-FLY-CON1ROL PRECONDITIONING FEEOIUO-OUT-ANO-F IMISM ING FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT V 13 NO 8 ADC 1971 P 34-44 iOO 68 1299 HART S A TURNER M t HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATION PONDS DESIGN-CR ITEKIA ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL DOORS MOSQUITOES INSECT-CONTROL SUBSURFACE-HATERS INFILTRATID N BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAHD AGRICULTURAL-WASTES MANURE-STA9K I 2AT ION-POND LIVESIQCK-MANURE-CHARACTERISTI CS POND-LOADING-RATES PONO-APPEARANCE-AND-LCCATION SLUDGE-DIGESTION SLUDGE-OI SPOSAL ADVANCES IN WATER OUAL1TY IMPROVEMENT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS AUSIIN TEXAS 1968 P 457-463 2 TAB 6 REF HADLEIGH C H BRITT C S INTRODUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAN WATER KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEDLOTS HASTE-PRODUCTION F ERT1LUER AS PRAC AND MAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 XIX-XXVI1 JOHNSON H P MOLDENHAUER H C POLLUTION BY SEDIMENT SOURCES AND THE DETACHMENT AND TRANSPORT-PROCESSES KEYWORDS SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT SO IL-EROSION AG PRAC AND HAI QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 3-20 HOLT It f DOWDY R H TIMMONS D R CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN HATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS WATER- POLLUTION CLAYS ORGANIC-MATTER SEOIHE AG PRAC AND HAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 21-34 SOO 70 0386 500 TO 0387 500 70 0388 65 image: ------- 5UO 70 0389 ANDAf ER-M»N»GE«ENl FOK MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWORDS SOIL-EROSION SEDIMENT-YIELD EROSION-CONTROL AC PRAC AMU MAT QU4L ISU 1970 5UO 70 0390 QF pHUSpHaRUS IN HATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER DETERGENTS SEWAGE PHOSPHORUS AG PRAC AND WAT CUAL ISU PRESS 1970 63-71 SOU 70 03V1 ,KOF SU[L AND FERTILIZER-PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TU WATER-POLLUTION KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES GROUNOWATE R AS t>KAC ANO HAT DUAL ISU PRESS 1970 72-93 SOURCES-OF-NITKOGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATER INFILTRATION NITRITES AG PRAC AND WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 94-124 0 0393 ^Uf."*^ oFJNITROGENAlNESOaS KEYWOROS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING MICROORGANISMS CHE MISTRY SOILS AG PRAC ANO UAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 125-141 0 0394 |!*!|J[£,JE!|_M4NAGEH6N£E£*™|J0|JLUTION_COMT!(OL KEyWOROs NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION SOILS NITRATES MAN AGEMENT AG PRAC ANO WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 142-158 CHEMISTRY ANO METABOLISM OF INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELDRIN INSECT-CONTROL TOXAPHENE PARATHlO N CHEMISTRY INSECTICIDES AG PRAC AND UAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 167-182 ?HEHPESTIC"DE BURDEN IN WATER ANO ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DDT SOURCES CONCENTRATIONS WATER-POLLUTION R UNOFF PESTICIDE AG PRAC AND WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 163-193 $00 70 0397 TIMMONS F L FRANK P A DEMINT R J HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL HATER FROM CONTROL OF A8UATIC AND BANK WEEDS KEYWORDS 2-4-0 AQOATIC-W EEOS RESIDUES CONTROL AG PRAC AND WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 194-208 PESTICIDES AND PEST-MANAGEMENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWOROS PgST-CONTROL APPL1E D-CONTROLS PESTICIDES PEST-MANAGEMENT AG PRAC AND HAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 209-223 500 70 0399 "J H ' 0-SPREAD MANURE AS SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS RUNOFF BOO CO D LAGOON-EFFLUENT LAGOONS FEEULOTS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, ISU PRESS, 1970 231-240 I!ANUREAOECOHPOSITIONFANDEFATE ^BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOILS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERTILIZER COMPOSITION Ml CROQRGANISMS DECOMPOSITION SQILS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 2*1-255 500 70 0401 RNFORMATIONS ANO FATE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYWOROS DISPOSAL MICROORGANISMS OXIDA TION-DITCH ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LAGOONS AERATION DESIGN-CRITERIA DECOMPOSITION AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 256-264 500 70 0402 ORMN|SH5 OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY WATER-TRANSFER BACTERIA VIRUS FUNGI DISEASE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 265-285 500 TO 0403 HANACEMENT T0 MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UTILIZATION DISPOSAL LAGOONS MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND HATER QUALITY, 1970 ISU PRESS 286-297 500 70 0404 IgMJ^HJ AGRICULTURAL_POUUTANTS WITH SROUNOWATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ZONE-OF-SATURATION WATER-TA BLE STANDARDS MOVEMENT AG PRAC ANO WAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 303-313 500 70 0405 ^TRaN^OJ^^^^OHUCH^G^^ ^ EUTR()()HICATION KEVWROS NIIROSEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRATE'RUNOFF GROUNOWAT ER EFFECTS EUTROPHICATION AG PRAC ANO WAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 314-330 500700406 «M^L0« 16RICUL ^""POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WATERS KEYWORDS RECREATION FISH PEST ICIDES EFFECTS AG PRAC ANO WAT OUAL ISU PRESS 1970 331-343 500 70 0*07 8AUMANN E R ^J!*",,* TH£ f£AS,BIUTY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED WASTE-TREATMENT KEYWOROS TERTIARY-TRE ATMENT BOO NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS ALGAE CHLOROPHYLL EFFECTS RUNOFF AG PRAC AND WAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 34*-362 500 70 0*08 H^ES_NSWE(_TS KeYyORDS WAm.POUUT,ON PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES NUISANCE PUBLIC-MEN 66 ASEPRACEA*0 MAT QUAL ISU PRESS 1970 365-376 image: ------- 500 70 040") TIMHONS J F ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS DUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES MEASUREMENT ECONOM AS PRAC AND WAT CiUAL ISU PRESS 1970 377-389 5UG 70 0410 RAOEMACHER J M "STRESS "J§R;;SiM"ON F6EOL°TS REGISTR"'°N «««"»"» WASTE-MANAGEMENT 500 70 0411 BERNARD H SG'PRTAND^AT SUALG?SUSPRE!S^?^ 3SA:ER.7PULLIJTION "*T"-««"TY ™« STANDARDS ENVIRONMENT 500 71 1072 PETERSON J R MCCALLA T M SMITH G E IL-SROFHErLAGOONS^A^ScEM?1^^^?. DWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIGATION NITKATES SO CAL-PROPERTIES p2«I?l wn»«T?J« ?r FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION ODOR LEACHING CHEMI -SLUDGE PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES MICROBI AL-COMPUSITION CROPS TOXICITY HUMAN-WASTES PLANT-YIELDS DIGESTED FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY £ USE 2ND EDITION SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1971 P 557-596 27 TAB I FIG iOO 71 1254 ANONYMOUS N??ROGENEF?S?Sr «irS?»!'UN CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOSYNTHET IC-BACTERIA 500 71 1255 JENSEN R MACKEY D R 1'" ' "*"* """ FEE"-LOTS "«"-««» N»TER-POLLUT,ON-SQURCES 600 66 0471 MOORE J A HART S A ING WINTER NDRYINGTPOULTRYY1NG °* POULTRV MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS SUBLIMATION FREEZ PACIFIC COAST REGION ASAE PAPER NO PC 68-121 600 69 1005 CRAWFORD R E 600 69 1004 STEWART R E BAILEY JR £ M WMeMl..-,: K?YH°RDS "TTLE TEMPERATURE-CONTROL HUHIOITV HYPOTHALHUS C C-TEMPERATURE "ESPIRAT ION-RATE THERMAL-ENVIRONMENT HYPOTHALMIC-HEATING RECTAL-TEMPERATURE HYPOTHALMI EN6" image: ------- SOU 71 0100 CROSS 0 E MAZURAK A P CHESNIN I ANIMAL WHSTE UTILIZATION FOK POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS LAND-APPLICATION RUNOFF PERCOLATION ASAE PAPER "IQ 71-906 23PP CHICAGO DEC 1971 bud 71 0271 GUfcRING E LIPHER R I MANGES H L GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CROP-RESPONSE GROWTH- CHAMBERS RATCS TREATMENTS ASAE PAPER NU MC-71-104 17 PAGES 600 71 0272 PERSON H L MINER J R A DOSING-SIPHUN FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN DATA E8UIPMENT TEST -PROCEDURES FLUSHINli-GUT TERS ASAt PAPER MC-71-105 22 PAGES 600 71 0288 ALLEN J B MC WHUKIER J C FIELD CHOP IRRIGATION WITH OXIDATION POND EFFLUENT KEYWORDS MISSISSIPPI IRRIGATION OXIDATION-POND PAPER 71-246 AMER SOC AGRIC ENGRS 26 P 600 71 0493 ROUblNS J W 0 KRI2 G J HUWELLS 0 H NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FKOM ANIMAL PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COLIFORMS RUNOFF BOO TOC DISPOSA L NITROGEN! ASAE PAPER NO MC-71-102 20 PAGES 600 71 0494 IFfADT C N OESHAZER J A A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE CONFINEMENT HOUSING KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES ODORS VENTILATION AMMONIA EFFECTS VENTILATION-SYSTEMS SWINE AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-103 9 PAGES 600 71 0495 LIPPER R I MANGES H L GOERING E CONTAMINATION Of SURFACE WATERS FROM PLOWED-IN FSEDLOf MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISPOSAL FEEOLOT-MANU RE AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-803 4 PAGES 600 71 0496 KOELLIKER J K MINER J R DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION MASS-TRANSFER NITR OG£N BALANCE DESORPTION LAGOONS AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-804 21 PAGES 600 71 0497 HAYES H F DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS AM SOC OF AG ENGR PAPER NO MC-71-805 15 PAGES 600 72 1001 MULKEY L A SMITH R E INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR TRICKLIN G-FILTERS FLOW-RATES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND FARM-WASTES HOGS FEEDLOTS INCLINED-PLANE CONTACT-TIME ORGA NIC-REMOVAL PSYCHODA-FLY-LARVAE DESIGN-EQUATIONS PAPER NO 72-952 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC U-15 1972 16 P 2 TAB I FIG 14 REF 600 72 1002 600 72 1004 600 72 1031 600 72 1071 600 72 1074 600 72 1076 600 72 1148 USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR SUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULATION CLEAN-AIR-AC T FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK MEASUREMENT QUALITY FEED-LOTS INTENSITY PRIMARY-OOOR-LIST SYRINGE-OILUT ION-PROCE PAPER NO 72-441 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-30 1972 3 TAB 19 REF BARTH C L HILL D T POLKQWSKI L B CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES PHYSICA L-PROPERT1ES AIR-POLLUTION DAIRY-INDUSTRY FARM-WASTES CATTLE WASTE-STORAGE AMMONIA HYDROGEN-SULF IDE ODOR -INTENSITY-INDEX LIQUIFIED-WASTE-HANAGEHENT OOORANTS VOLATI LE-ORGANIC-AC1B ACETIC-ACID PH PAPER NO 72-950 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15 1972 17 P 2 TAB 9 FIG 24 REF ELECTRIC" IN-HOUSE DRYING^ POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL -PROPERTIES MOISTURE FERTILIZERS WASTE-DISPOSAL NEW-YORK IN-HOUSE-DRYING HIGH-RI SE-POULTRt-HOUSE C1RCULAT pSpER*NO Tl-806SI«JllCANRSOC?ETSSOF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-lS 1972 12 P 3 TAB 9 FIG ''. peDcnij u t MINER J R HAZEN T E MANN A R A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SHINE MANURE KEYWORDS HOCS WASTE- TREATMENT F«M"ASTES FEED-LOTS IOWA AERATED-LAGOONS OXIDATION-LAGOONS EFFLUENT NUTRIENTS BACTERIA FUNGI SLIME ODO R PUMPING MAINTENANCE WATER-flUALITY HASTE-TRANSPORT WASTE-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS ROTATION-BIOLOGICAL-CONTACTO PAPERSNON?2-4UEAMER?cSNLSOCIETtNo2GAGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE* 27-30 1972 30 P 2 TAB 8 FIG 6 REF SPRli"lN6 CATTLE FO^RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS^KEmRDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR-CONDITIONING TENP ;;::SSMI1!S!te«Is«iiT»HS"«;ie5M55Stliw?5i;M"i.T2 ANNUAL «ET,NG HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-30 1972 UPS TAB 1 FIG StrHS FEATURE HIoS-PRESSURE EXTRUS lON^'c^CKENSxCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-TREATMENT REC?C NG TEMPERATURE REsluRE noismE-CONTENT EXTRUSION THERMAL-DESTRUCTION URIC-ACID CHEMICAL-CHANGES Dbv«irAl-|-HANKFS STERILIZATION FLASH-VOLITAHZATION MICROS! AL-URGANISMS pJ«R NO Tl-tSS MMI CAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-30 1972 22 P 1 TAB 6 FIG 17 REF SAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY"SELF SEALING^KEYHORUS GROUNDWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES INFILTRATION-RATES 27-30 1972 10 P 2 TAB 1 FIG 10 REF 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 68 image: ------- 600 72 1149 fcUO 72 1150 600 72 11S1 600 72 1153 600 72 1154 60O 72 1156 SbHELL J | MANU*E SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOFF GROUNOWATER SLU RRIES IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS CATTLE FARM-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS PAPER NU 7J-443 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING MOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-10 l<>72 13 P 7 FIG 5 HEF BATES D W ObSERVATlONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-STORAGE STALL-BARN SOLID-ALL EYS SLATTED-ALLEYS LtUUIU-MANURE-SYSTEMS STACKING-SYSTS« LIOUlO-STQRiGE-SYSTEW «eOOING FREE-StlLL-BARM PAPER NO 72-413 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 2P-30 1972 3 P NAbBEN K IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES KEYWORDS VENT1LAT ION VIH.U5-PNEUMONUi-IN-Bf.f.F-CATTLE-FOGGlNG VELOMETER-TEST PAPER NO 72-449 AMERICAN SOCIETY UF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-30 1972 7 P PAINE M D WITZ J A BUTCHBAKER A F BACON C M NCCROSKEY J E MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION Of ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS MATHEMATICAL-MODELS ENE RGY SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS FARM-WASTES CATTLE ANIMAL-ME1ABOLISM BIOENERGETICS PACEK NO 72-510 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-30 1972 25 P 2 TAB B FIG 26 REF PONTIF J NIPPER W A LOYACANO A F WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KS CLIMATES CATTLE FEED-LOTS SHELTERS FANS PAPER NO 72-425 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 27-30 1972 23 P 7 TAB 6 FIG 6 «EF BRAUD J KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES LOUISIANA WINDBREA 1972 ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE CRAMER C 0 CONVERSE J C HSU T S SttPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS SEEPAGE FARM-WASTES CAT TLE SOLID-HASTES ORGANIC-MATTER NUTRIENTS NITRCGEN CUD BOD PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES VOLAML ITY DEGRADATION-DECOMPOSITION OAIRY WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE WISCONSIN MANURE-STACKING BEDDING STEAM- DISTILL AT ION-METHOD PAPER NO 72-442 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 MEETING 1972 23 P 8 TAB IV FIG 15 REf AL 2AKRI A S FREY A L ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN IOWA SEWAGE-SLU DGE-TREATMENT FREEZE-THAW-TESTS EXTRACTION EiCHERICHIA-COLI RECYCLING WASTE-TREATMENT BAC1LLUS-MECATERIU M BltRET-REACTION PAPER NO 72-5EI AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15 1972 18 P 3 TAB 19 REF REOOELL 0 L LYERLY P J HEFNER J J CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS CULTIVATION CROP- YIELD NITRATES FORAGE SALINITY FARM-HASTES CATTLE WASTE-DISPOSAL TEXAS GROUND-WATER IRRIGATION AOUIFER FE RTILIZERS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS PAPER NO 72 960 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS 1972 14 P 7 TAB 2 FIG 9 REF MANGES H L MURPHY L S GOERING E H DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEULOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE FEED-LOTS RUNOF F RATES-OF-APPLICAUON IRRIGATION CORM-FIELC SOIL-PROPERTIES NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM SODIUM SALINI TY GREENSBERG-SILITY-CLAY-LUAN PLANT-POPULATION FORAGE-YIELDS PAPER NO 72-961 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1972 WINTER MEETING CHICAGO ILLINOIS DEC 11-15 1972 12 P 1 TAB S FIG 6 REF BUTCHBAKER A F MAHONEY G M A CARTON J E CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL CA TTLE TEMPERATURE 6EEF-HOUSING-SYSTEM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS MOISTURE-DEFICIT AERATED-LAGOONS MANAGEMENT SITE- SELECTION PAPER MO 72-410 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 65TH ANNUAL MEETING HOT SPRINGS ARKANSAS JUNE 27-30 1972 35 P 1 TAB 10 FIG 28 REF BOORAM C V HAZEN T E FREDERICK L R EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS HOGS CAtTLE tOHA FARM-WASTES CON FINEMENT-PENS LAGDONS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS EFFLUENTS NUTRIENTS ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTANCE SALTS WASTE-DISPOSA L IRRIGATION TOXICITY WATER-POLLUTION CORN-FIELD SOIL-CONTAMINATION HASTE-QUALITY CLARION-WEBST6R-SOIL TI LE-DRAINEO-GRASS-PLOTS PLANT-TISSUES PAPER NO 73-239 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 1973 ANNUAL MEETING UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEX 1NGTON JUNE 17-20 1973 19 P 17 TAB 1 FIG 16 REF FftECKS 0 A GILBERTSON C 8 THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTFS KENTUCK Y FEEDS DIGESTION VOLATILITY SHRINKAGE POROSITY CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES VQLUMETP.K-ANHLY SIS SIEVE-ANALYSIS DENSITY WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-STORAGE SOLIDS MOISIURE-CONTENT CHEMICAl-UXYGEN-DfMAND E NG1NEERING RATION DRYING-RATES PAPER NO 73-442 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF APRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 66TH ANNUAL MEETING UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY LEX INGTON JUNE 17-20 1973 24 P 6 TAB 6 FIG 20 REF SWEETEN J M ALLEN M S RiEDOElL D L SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL GROUNOWATEK PBLLUTANTS AQUIFERS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT FERTILIZERS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES CATTIE FEDDERS INFORMATION PUBLICATION NO L 109* TEXAS A M UNIVEHSITY COLLE&E STATION TEXAS 197 3 * P 700 ia 0330 BELLA R A CONFINED S«1NE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ROTOR-DESIGN OXYGEN-TRANSFER SHINE DISPOSAL MS, THESIS DEPT CIVIL ENGR KANSAS UNIV 15TP 1968 700 69 0712 JEX E M CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS FEEDLOTS BOD HYDROGEN-IUN-CUNCENTRAr ION REOOX-POTF.N11 AL C HARACTERISTICi MS THESIS COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS 70P JAN 69 600 72 1163 600 72 1169 600 72 1177 6DO T2 1262 600 73 1065 600 73 1075 600 73 1147 69 image: ------- 700 69 1067 NjjRDSTEOT R STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL MSI E-STORAGE AlS-POUUTION LIVESTOCK FEED-LOTS FERTILISERS NUTRIENTS NITRATES EFFLUENT DIFFUSION SCHEDULING-* DISSERTATION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 1969 101 P 25 TAB IT FIG 23 REF TOO 70 0231 *jJJ*}J;F^Nce OF FEEO tou,TivES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS BOD LAGOON ZINC COPPER CHLOROTETRACYCL I NE FECAL STREPTOCOCCUS COD VS ADDITIVES SWINE MS TMESIS OEPT BIOLOGICAL AND AGRIC ENGR NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNlV 72P 1970 700 70 10*6 HUDSON B^L ^^ ^^^ „„„„„» ,N DELAHA(IE 4NO APPROPR. »" ""fl""1- «J" TJ""g N KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT POULTRY WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCt S B10CHE MICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND INDUSTRIES DELAWARE SEWAGE-DISTRICTS TAXES S!W*«-»S!E"HENTS M S THESIS OWRR B-003-OEL3 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD ECONOMICS DELAWARE UNIVERSITY JUNE 1970 1 2 P 4 TAB 26 FIG 40 REF TOO 70 1066 oLLUT By SW,N£ pROOUCr,ON OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT ««TE-01SPOSAL HYDROGRAPHS HOGS NORTH-C AROLINA NUTRIENTS LAGOONS SOILS HUNOFF INFLUENT VACTERIA SURFACE-WATERS WATER-P OLIUT ION °»«'N»« "*"?* ., FARM-WASTES HYOROLOGIC- SYSTEMS SAMPLING BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO NITROGEN PHOSPHATES B10DEGRAOAI ION ORGAN PH"O*THESISSDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY 19 70 440 P 48 TAB 51 FIG 57 REF 700 70 1109 SCARBOROUGH J H^ L4GOON T«.TIN6 SWINE HASTES KEYWORDS «|«;-»««! J HOM ^i«°B't-°!"" «« SLURRIES CONFINEMENT-PENS FARM-MANAGEMENT WASIE-TREATMENT SAMPLING BIOCHEM ICAL-OXYGEN-OEMANO CHEMICAL-OXY "" NITROGEN SEDIMENTATION WATER-POLLUT ION-SOURCES ODOR OXIDATION-LAGOONS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT ...,, rn,,Cre .nr laTn 05 B • TAB M S THESIS DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY STATE COLLEGE AUG 1970 92 P B TAB 24 FIG 44 REF 700 70 1256 OOOORICH J PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOU-CONTAMINATION »I^»«D-SOI LS ISOTHERMS DENI TR IF I CATION WASTE-WATER-POLLUTION ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES INSTRUMENTATION EFFLUENTS RACIOA CTIVE-TKACER S^UHONS SClSmtATOR AUTOMA? IC-DATA-COLLECMON SANOY-LOAM-LAND-OI SPOSAL INFLUENT MOVEMEN JH^'THESIS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING PURDUE UNIVERSITY 1970 135 P 3 TAB 57 FIG *» * EF 700 71 1120 jjlLGIN A AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STREAMS KEYWORDS NEW JERSEY SATER-POLLUT ION-SOURCES POLLUTANTS PHOSPHATES NITRATES SURFACE-RUNOFF LEACHING SEWAGE-DISPOSAL CH EM1CAL-WASTE DOMESTIC-WASTES FARM-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FERTILIZERS NITROGEN-CYCLE NUTRIENTS NITRIFICA ??flS DEeS5JoS?S2"!MN?"MTwY!l!: MtioWlciTICN •it.NCf-OF-MTime B IOCHEM, CAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND M,DDLESE.-COU fl !rrrHES?SEOE!lRTMtENTV SOUS »NO CROPS RUTGERS UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL NEW BRUNSWICK NEW JERSEY MARCH 1971 113 P 1 TAB 29 FIG 60 REF 700 72 1048 gQELIKER J J ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONCENTRATION KEYWORD S ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS IRRIGATION CHEM CAL-OXY6EN-DEMAN1) DENI TRIF ICATICN NITROGEN APPLICATION-RATES PHOS PHOWS LMOONS ?M"M$TM SSsTE3»Te«-TSeiTMHT WASTE-REUSE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SOILS HOGS WASTEW.TER-D PHPSSTHESISDOWRRLt-021-IA6"oEpI"MENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 1972 203 P 6 6 TA9 11 FIG 60 FIG TOO 72 1049 J*"BS J J QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWOR n^ ?c™nM?cs IATER^SALITY-CONTROL POLLUTANTS AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF SEDIMENTS PHOSPHORUS IOWA WATER-MANAGE S NT!A?PU " "T "-POuiTloN-souScEt°cLos?-^LYS,s CULTIVATION NISHN.BOTNA-R.VER-BASIN M.NIMUM-TILLAGE PH 0 THESIS OWRR B-015-IA2 IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 1972 208 P 58 TAB 5 FIG 129 REF 70 image: ------- SECTION IV AUTHOR INDEX 71 image: ------- AUTHOR INDEX AtKOTT F 0 ABBOTT J L ABSHIRE R ADAMS 0 F ADAMS J L 'ADO I SUN J N 'AUOLPH R H AIMIANO D C .AL ZAKKI A S ALBIN K C [ALBRIGHT J L 'ALBUS JR C J iALDRICH S R .ALEXANDER R H ALLEE D J lALLEN J 6 ALLEN W S ALLREU E ft ALPHlN J M •ALVERSON R H 'AL-TIHIMI A A AMEKIYA M 'AMENTA J S JAMMERMAN C B ANDERSEN J H jANOERSON U .ANDERSON U F ANDERSON E D ANDEKSON J1 H 400 68 0038 100 68 0370 100 n 1162 300 68 0256 100 71 0722 100 69 0310 100 65 0066 400 70 0357 100 70 03*0 400 71 0350 100 71 0*50 200 71 0830 100 67 0230 200 66 0139 600 72 1163 100 69 0071 100 71 0758 ZOO 69 0165 ZOO 69 0163 200 70 0232 300 69 1180 300 71 0538 600 70 0255 600 70 0258 200 66 0126 200 73 1082 300 71 1035 100 71 0454 200 69 0203' 600 71 0288 600 73 11*7 200 66 0154 200 69 0178 200 71 0636 300 69 1125 600 70 0098 200 72 1108 100 71 0721 100 65 0066 500 70 0339 100 70 0034 100 73 1190 200 64 0750 200 71 0603 200 71 0821 400 70 0415 400 72 1166 100 69 0373 100 70 0013 200 66 0119 100 70 0065 100 70 0085 100 70 1051 100 71 0348 200 69 1117 200 71 0619 200 71 0620 1300 1105 300 62 0754 300 65 0053 300 68 0702 300 68 0741 300 69 0300 300 69 1060 300 69 1061 300 69 1103 300 70 0384 300 70 0385 300 71 0677 300 71 1008 300 71 1055 300 71 1098 300 71 1106 300 71 1107 300 72 1003 300 72 1146 400 65 0332 400 68 0015 400 69 0016 400 70 0069 400 70 0092 400 70 0268 400 70 1133 400 71 0294 400 71 0295 400 71 0313 400 71 0349 400 71 0463 400 71 0504 400 71 1131 400 71 1134 400 71 1135 400 71 1136 400 71 1139 400 71 1143 400 71 1172 400 71 1174 400 72 1032 400 72 1130 400 72 1171 ANONYMOUS ANTHONISEN A C ANTHONY W 6 ANTONIE R L APPELL H R APPELL J R AKIAIL J 0 ARMSTRONG A E ARMSTRONG 0 E ASAE SPONSOR ATOMIC-ABSORPTION ATTOE 0 J AXLEY J H BACHE D H BACON C M BAOAL1CH J P BADGER 0 D BAILEY J W BAILEY JR E M BAIN K C JR BAINES S BAKER 0 H BALAKRISHNAN S BALDWIN B BALDWIN L B BALDWIN R A 8AMESBERGER W L BARF1ELO B J BARKER B BARR H t BAARE H J BARRETT f BARTH C BARTH C L BARTLETT H 0 BARTROP T H C BATES 0 M BATEY T BAUMANN E R BAXTER S H BAYLEY H S BAYLEV N 0 BAYLEV NED 0 BEATTY M T BECK L A BEER C E BEGIN J J BELKO J BELL J M BELL R G 400 72 1173 400 72 1179 400 73 1007 400 73 1140 400 73 1145 400 73 1183 100 70 1251 300 26 1204 300 30 1205 300 46 1207 300 46 1208 300 53 1206 300 67 1249 300 68 1202 300 68 1209 300 69 1203 300 70 1201 300 70 1247 300 71 1246 500 71 1254 200 71 0821 100 70 0418 100 70 0723 100 71 0751 200 66 0146 200 6B 0725 200 69 0171 200 71 084! 200 69 0056 300 71 1081 300 70 1084 200 71 0811 700 70 0231 200 71 0614 500 70 0405 200 66 0115 •SP100 71 1221 100 70 0021 100 71 0571 200 66 0116 300 68 1122 200 71 0857 200 70 0114 200 71 0705 600 72 1153 200 69 0544 200 69 0551 200 71 0819 300 70 1192 600 69 1239 600 69 1006 300 70 0491 200 70 0252 100 69 0361 200 71 0618 200 71 0795 200 71 0782 300 71 1056 100 69 0310 200 71 1096 200 69 0552 100 69 0360 200 71 0769 200 70 0242 200 69 0525 600 70 0469 200 71 0840 600 72 1002 600 72 1004 200 71 0834 600 70 0080 200 70 0239 200 69 0706 400 71 0264 600 72 1150 100 73 1069 100 64 0474 100 70 0102 500 70 0407 100 68 0381 200 70 0251 200 71 0825 100 70 0027 100 70 0367 100 70 0365 200 71 0763 200 69 0523 300 70 0487 100 70 0458 200 71 0855 300 71 0639 200 71 0797 200 71 0860 100 68 0296 200 71 0838 100 70 OOB4 100 70 0094 100 71 0682 100 71 0729 200 71 0824 BELLA R BELLA R A BELtO T R BENOUEN T H BENNE E J 8ERGE 0 I BERGMAN E L BERKOwITZ J BERNARD H BERNARD L R BEROZA M BERRY E C BEKRY G BERRY P S BERRYMAN C BERTRANO A R BETHEA R M SEVILLE B BEYERS K J BHAGAI S K BHATTACHARYA A N 81ELBY 0 H BIGGAR J W BILGIN A BINIEK J P BISHOP S E BISSONNETTf. G K BLACK C A BLACK R J BLACK S A BLACKMAN W C BLETNEK J K BLOODGOOD D E BODENHAMER S H BODY U A 60LINO J A BONO T E 80URAM C V BOPANDIKAR M V BORDEAUX JR A F BOKONER R H BORNE B J BOULOIN D R BOUHER H BOWMAN M C BOYO J S BOYLE H C BRADLEY H BRAOLEV N W BRADY N C BRAIDS 0 C BRAMHALL E L BRATILER J M BRAUD 4 BRAY R H BRESSLER G 0 8REVIK T J BRIUGHAN U 0 BRINCK C W BR1SB1N I L BRITT C S BRODIE H L BROMEL M BROMEL M C BRCJOKEft R B BROOKS L A BROWN C M JR BROWN J K BROWN R L 300 67 1253 700 68 0330 100 70 0270 200 66 0438 300 71 0630 200 69 0524 400 71 0262 400 71 0267 200 71 0783 300 71 0412 100 6V 0736 100 70 0051 200 69 0160 200 69 0565 200 71 0603 300 70 0492 500 70 0411 200 66 1112 100 70 1090 200 66 0132 100 67 0041 200 70 1050 100 73 1069 200 70 0237 100 71 0509 100 72 1188 200 70 0755 300 71 1126 100 69 0030 100 65 1079 100 66 0422 200 66 0145 400 73 1073 100 66 0063 700 71 1120 200 69 0198 200 69 11(5 100 71 0450 200 71 0830 100-71 1212 500 70 0391 200 69 0517 100 70 0083 300 67 0710 100 65 0378 100 73 108* 100 71 0588 200 69 0167 200 69 0566 100 73 1069 100 71 0441 100 71 0462 100 73 1263 100 70 0014 200 66 0125 200 71 0777 200 72 1024 600 73 1065 200 69 1102 200 71 1094 100 62 03(2 100 70 0019 400 64 0358 200 71 0648 100 68 0461 100 70 1090 200 71 0815 300 70 0208 100 70 1230 400 65 0415 100 71 0441 100 71 0462 100 73 1263 200 70 0322 300 70 0475 400 71 0568 100 70 0413 200 69 0170 600 72 1154 200 69 0522 100 70 0025 100 70 0107 200 71 0783 300 71 0412 400 71 0311 200 69 0524 200 66 0135 200 70 1175 300 71 1126 400 69 1225 500 70 0386 300 68 0352 300 72 1170 200 71 0795 200 71 0641 100 70 0678 200 69 0524 200 66 0126 300 65 0739 300 71 0099 72 image: ------- AUTHOR INDEX b image: ------- EL-SABBAN F F CL-SHARKAHI F M ENGBERG R A EPPS E A ERR K E ERUMANN A A ERHARDT W H EKICKSON A E ERICKSON D B ERICKSON L E ESMAY M L EVANS C E EVANS D EVANS M R EVANS H A EVERINGHAM R EVERSOLE J S FAIR J F FA1RBA1RN C B FAIRBANK M FAIRBANK W C HAN L T FARLIN S FARRELL J B FASSBENOER C A FAULKNER G FE4STEK J P FEHREN8ACHER J B FELOMAN M FENG T H FENSTER H E FENTON R L HEREBEE 0 C fERRELL C L FETH J H FILIPI T A FINA L R FINCHER G T FINSTEIN M S FISH H FLEGAL C J FLETCHER D W FUEHRENBACH J FOERSTER E L SR FOGG C E FOLTZ V D FONTENOT J P FOREE G R FORSYTH R J FOSNAUGH J FOX J 0 FRANCOS T G FRANK P A FKANTSI C FKASER C FREAR 0 E H FRECKS G A FREDERICK L R FREEMAN L R FREY A L FRIAR OEM FRIEDMAN S FRINK C R FRITSCHI E M FROBISH L T FROST U V FKUS J D FRYREAR J 1 FU Y C FUJITA T FUNG D V C 100 70 0*13 200 69 0196 100 TO 10*0 300 67 0711 100 73 1128 100 69 0693 100 70 0064 200 69 0520 200 71 0833 200 71 0827 300 70 0743 100 67 0104 100 70 0738 300 71 0626 200 69 0548 200 69 0519 100 72 1224 300 70 0*90 200 71 0665 100 65 1091 100 67 1258 400 70 0029 600 72 1148 200 66 0128 400 70 0097 400 71 0568 100 70 0736 200 72 1017 200 71 1033 100 72 1199 400 TO 0351 100 73 1190 300 71 1035 200 71 0772 200 69 0168 500 70 0394 100 71 1236 400 71 0505 200 73 1062 100 66 1080 20O 69 05*7 200 69 0556 100 66 0506 100 67 0302 200 66 0120 200 66 1112 100 70 0023 100 69 0736 200 70 02*0 100 70 0020 200 71 0815 200 71 0848 300 70 0205 300 70 0209 300 70 0210 300 70 0211 300 70 0212 300 71 0623 300 71 0625 300 71 0627 300 71 0628 300 71 0629 100 55 0328 100 69 1231 200 66 01*8 200 71 0770 100 6* 03*5 100 65 1079 100 66 0*22 200 66 01*5 200 Tl 0847 200 69 0180 100 65 0344 300 69 0*67 600 72 1076 200 69 0533 500 70 0397 100 71 07*2 100 73 1088 209 69 0170 200 69 0196 600 T3 1075 500 TO 0*00 600 73 1065 300 TO 0*88 600 72 1163 100 70 0*13 300 71 1081 100 71 0*53 200 70 0222 300 70 0592 *00 70 1176 100 71 1232 300 71 0513 100 60 1078 100 71 0576 200 T2 1152 300 71 1081 100 71 0303 100 TO 0026 AUTHOR INDEX FUNK J M FWPCA GAL6RAITH H GALLER U S CARMAN U H GARNER G B GARRETT W N GARRIGUS U S CARTON J E GASSER M GATES C 0 GEHRT A J GEHRT K M GELOREICH E GELDREICH E E GENETELLI E J GENTRY J B GENTRY R F GEORGE K M GERRY R W GERSTNER J GEYER R E GIBBONS J GIBBONS J M GIBSON E A GILBERT B N GILBERTSON C B GILBERTSON C B ET GILLHAM R M GILLILANO J GITAY H GIVENS R L GlERUM J C GIOYNA E GOAN H C GOD IN P GOER ING E GOER ING E H GOER ING H K , GOFF 0 E GOLD B GOLDBERG M C GOLDHAFT T H GOLUEKE C G GOMEZ M GOODRICH P GOODRICH P R GOODRICH T 0 GORDON C H GORDON H P GORDON V L GORDY J F GORMEL B GOSCH J M GOULDEN C E GOWAN U GOMDV B R GOYAL S M GRAMMS L C GRANT D W GRANT K E GRASS L E GRATTO C GRAVES 9 B GRAVES R E GRAY M H 100 66 0506 200 66 0120 200 69 0*23 100 71 0*68 200 71 0805 400 73 1063 300 71 0590 200 73 1062 100 71 057* 100 71 1047 200 71 0733 200 71 0779 300 71 1257 600 72 1262 100 71 1213 100 63 0289 100 72 1222 100 71 1213 100 70 1217 100 62 0382 100 71 0*8* 200 69 0163 200 71 0832 300 71 1126 100 70 0025 100 70 0*13 200 69 0196 300 71 0590 100 68 0502 400 70 1132 200 71 076* 100 68 0077 300 71 1126 400 66 035* 400 67 0336 100 72 1215 100 71 0318 100 71 0573 100 72 1129 200 71 0703 200 71 0776 200 72 1023 300 70 0010 600 73 1075 AL200 72 1010 100 68 0*52 100 69 0052 400 70 0022 100 71 0307 600 72 107* 200 70 0247 200 71 0859 300 70 1101 300 70 0212 100 68 0296 600 71 0271 600 71 0*95 600 72 1177 100 70 03*2 200 69 0169 200 71 0851 100 73 1086 200 71 0659 500 70 0392 100 69 0707 100 72 0746 300 70 0668 300 71 0628 700 70 1256 200 71 085* 100 71 1212 100 70 0342 100 70 1090 100 71 1092 200 69 0169 200 71 0851 200 70 0687 100 70 0270 100 68 0036 100 71 067* 300 69 0631 300 69 0638 300 71 067* 300 71 0675 300 70 1059 100 6* 1200 100 71 121* 200 TO 0236 200 Tl 0600 100 TO 002* 100 71 0261 100 71 0273 200 69 0195 200 71 0609 200 71 0282 600 69 1239 200 71 027* 200 69 0166 200 71 0858 200 «i9 0426 GREENE L H GREGORY KEITH E GRIFFIN H L GRIFFITH C C GRIMM K GROSSMANN E D GRUB M GRUNDMAN J E GUEST R M GUGGOLZ J GUMERMAN R C GUTHRIE R K GUTIERREZ J HABEEtt U R HADCJEH A V HAEFELE E T HALE E B HALE M f HALL f E HALVURSON H 0 HAMILTON H E HAMILTON W A HAMM U HAMMOND C M HAMMOND E G HANNAH H W HANSEN C M HANSEN E H HANSEN E L HANSEN R M HANSON L 0 HAREIN P K HARKNESS R E HARL N E HARLIN C C JR HARMESON R H HARMON 8 G HARMON B M HARPER J P HARRIS P HARROLD L L HARROLD T HART S A HARTMAN R C HAKTUNG L D HASHIMOTO A G HAZEN T E HtALO H R HEATH M S HE&THCOTE » G HECKER J F HEFNER J J 200 69 0555 300 67 0701 100 68 0036 200 72 1028 200 68 0*34 200 68 0726 100 70 0585 200 71 0800 290 71 0813 100 63 0436 100 69 0071 200 69 0165 200 69 0183 200 70 0232 300 69 1180 300 71 0538 600 70 0254 600 70 0255 600 70 0258 400 65 11*1 200 71 0662 100 71 0569 200 66 0587 200 69 0191 100 71 0722 200 64 12*1 300 49 1210 200 66 01*4 200 71 0285 200 71 08*2 200 66 0123 200 69 0530 100 65 026} 100 73 103* 200 71 0797 200 71 1096 600 72 1076 300 71 07*5 200 70 0718 100 68 0442 200 71 0790 400 70 0068 100 58 0580 200 71 0827 200 71 0593 100 68 0442 100 69 0353 200 69 0182 200 69 0*30 300 71 0700 500 70 039* 100 70 0018 100 69 0035 300 71 1056 100 70 0299 300 71 12*5 200 71 1252 100 69 0361 200 72 1089 200 71 08*7 300 71 1238 300 70 12*8 100 70 1195 200 71 0774 400 71 0329 100 60 0059 100 63 0338 100 64 0371 100 65 0346 100 70 068* 200 66 0123 200 TO 111* 500 68 1259 600 68 0471 400 70 0308 400 Tl 0297 400 71 0315 200 71 0790 200 71 079* 300 69 0631 300 69 0635 100 6* 0*7* 100 66 0*37 100 69 0095 100 69 0096 100 69 0105 100 70 0102 100 71 0576 100 Tl 0582 200 TO 02*8 200 Tl 0740 200 Tl 0803 200 Tl 0855 400 T2 1071 600 73 1065 200 71 0660 200 71 0601 100 70 0048 100 73 1155 600 72 1169 74 image: ------- AUTHOR INDEX HEGG K 0 . HCIOAK F A HELLICKSON M A HELLMAN L HtNDERSON H E HcMDEKSDN J M HE1SLER R F HERMANSON HERO G H HtRRICK R 8 HIBBEHD R L H1BBS 0 M H1CK6Y J L S IIJLEMAN L H HILL (J T HINDS F C MINES N M HINESLY T 0 HOBGUOO P HUOGEN G 0 HUOGETTS B HODGSON A S HUOGSUN G C HOFFMAN R A HULMES L U HCJLSTEIN J C HOLT R F HOOVER K H HOKE F R HCMTEUSTINE C C HOTTLE G A HOWELLS D H HUMELS D H HOWES J R E N HSU T S HUBLY D W HUDDLESTON HUDSON b L HUFF C B HULTGREN J f HUMENIK f J HUMPHRY; c R HUNGATE R E HUNT L M HUNTER J E HUTCHINSON G L HUTCHINSON R E UARBU R IUNANI M A IFEAUr C N INGLETT C E IR5ENS R L ISAACSON H R JACKSON S M JACKSON M A JACOBS G B JACOBS J J JANSE J F JANSEN L M JAHOKSKI N A JEOELE D G JEFFREY E A JEFFREY R F JENSEN A H JENSEN E T JENSEN R JESSEE R S JEX E M JUHANNES R F 200 71 600 70 300 71 100 70 100 71 200 71 300 71 100 62 100 70 100 71 200 71 100 69 100 70 200 70 400 70 100 73 200 70 100 64 100 62 200 70 200 71 201) 71 600 72 ZOO 71 300 70 100 70 200 71 200 71 100 70 200 71 100 71 100 71 300 72 200 71 300 70 100 70 500 70 200 69 200 71 200 70 200 71 200 71 200 71 200 69 200 69 200 71 600 71 300 71 100 63 100 68 200 66 600 72 300 71 100 71 700 70 100 62 200 71 200 71 300 64 100 55 100 72 100 71 100 67 100 68 100 69 300 67 300 72 200 66 400 71 600 71 200 72 100 65 100 66 200 66 300 65 200 71 100 70 100 73 200 71 200 70 200 66 700 72 100 70 100 71 100 62 100 59 200 69 400 71 100 65 300 72 100 69 100 69 200 71 200 69 500 71 200 69 200 69 600 69 700 69 100 71 0780 0098 1238 0691 0312 0849 0627 0292 0021 0571 OS33 0095 0363 0323 0111 1165 0241 0345 0480 0217 0831 OB43 1004 0912 1036 0408 0612 0323 0064 0850 0748 1223 1052 0861 0073 0417 0388 0532 0772 0221 0782 0856 1099 0696 0708 0807 0493 0697 0436 0044 0136 1156 1056 1038 1046 0382 0740 0811 1110 0328 1215 0257 0076 0730 0103 1250 1052 0129 0305 0494 1030 0263 0478 0133 0757 0812 0260 1034 0797 0720 0140 1049 0083 0451 0480 0459 0756 1144 0378 1052 035) 0361 0469 0432 1255 0541 0193 1160 0712 0571 JOHANSON K J JOHNSON C JOHNSON C A JOHNSON 0 W JOHNSON H P JOHNSON H S JOHNSON JOHNSON J J B JOHNSON J D JUHNSUN T H JOHNSON H H JOHNSTONE 0 JONES B A JONES B A JR JONES 0 D JONES E E JONES G 0 JONES J 8 JONES J H JONES K B C JONES P H JONES R W JORDAN H C JOSEPH C B KABLER P H KAOA J M KALEEL R T KAMPELMACHER E KANG S F KATZ S E KEARL C D KEETON L L KEHR M Q KEIM J K KELMAN S KEMPER M 0 KERRIGAN J E KESLER K P KINDELL J M KING D R KINNEY JR T B KLAUSNER S D KLEIS R W KLINE K J KLOMP G KLOPFENSTEIN KNIGHT D M KOELIKEK J K KOELLIKER J K KOHLER G U KOLEGA J J KOON J KOTTMAN R M KOUPAL L R KRAFT A A KRAFT D J KREIS R D KREJCI H KRIZ G J KRONE R B KUMAR M KUTZ F W LAAG A E LAAK R LANE T H LANGENEGGEK G T J 200 71 400 71 100 65 100 65 200 71 100 64 100 69 500 70 400 70 200 69 200 71 300 71 100 70 200 71 100 71 200 71 100 68 100 68 100 69 100 71 100 71 200 69 200 69 200 69 300 68 300 70 300 70 200 71 200 70 200 71 200 66 200 70 200 71 400 70 200 69 200 72 200 66 200 71 200 69 100 62 200 64 100 67 200 70 100 71 100 70 100 72 200 69 600 70 600 70 200 69 200 70 500 70 100 67 300 67 200 69 200 69 200 66 100 71 200 69 200 72 200 70 200 71 200 72 300 69 300 69 200 71 100 71 100 69 700 72 100 70 200 70 200 71 300 71 600 71 100 71 200 69 100 63 200 71 200 71 100 70 100 69 200 70 300 71 300 72 200 72 100 69 200 69 200 69 200 71 200 71 300 71 600 71 image: ------- LUWMAN 8 LOYACAUO A F LUUINGTON 0 C LUEBS K E LUKE G M LYERLY P J MACARTHUR J KACDONALD F U MACKENTHUN K M MACKEY 0 ft MACKSCJN C J MADDEN J M MAHOMEY C W A MALIK 0 0 MANAGEMENT GUIDE MANES J 0 MANGES H L MANN A R MANTHEY E W MARLAR J T MARRIOTT L F MARTIN J D MARTIN R 0 KARTIN M J MARTIN W P MASSIE JR J R MATHERS A C MATSON W E MATTHEW F L MAYES H F MAVES J L MAYKOSE V B MAZURAK A P MC WHURTER J C MCALLISTER J S V MCCALLA T M MCCARTNEY M G MCCASKEY T A MCCLURE W H MCCLURO C A MCCOY E MCCROSKEY J E MCEACHRON L W MCGHEE T MCGHEE T J MCILWAIN R MCKELL C M MCKENNA M f MCKIE 8 MCK1NNEY R 6 MCMANUS J A MCMUNN £ W 100 69 0086 600 72 115* 100 71 067* 200 66 01*3 200 71 06*2 200 71 0657 200 71 0661 200 71 079* 3QO 69 0631 300 69 0635 }00 71 067* 300 71 0675 400 70 0091 100 73 1087 200 70 0326 200 71 0828 600 72 1169 200 71 0813 100 66 0*73 100 71 1232 200 71 0613 500 71 1255 200 66 01*2 300 70 0206 200 71 0773 200 68 0760 200 71 0733 200 71 0779 200 72 1152 300 71 1257 600 72 1262 200 66 0129 COM300 72 1157 100 71 0*6* 200 71 0778 600 71 0271 600 71 0*95 600 72 1177 600 72 1071 400 72 1138 400 73 1191 300 70 0*91 200 71 083* 600 70 025* 100 70 0028 100 70 0082 200 70 0716 100 71 0291 400 70 0070 500 70 039* 200 73 1083 200 70 0223 200 71 0826 300 1077 300 71 070* 200 69 0563 600 71 0*97 200 6* 0759 200 69 0546 100 71 0683 600 71 0100 600 71 0288 100 70 0578 100 71 0318 100 71 0573 100 72 1129 200 69 0676 200 70 0216 200 71 0583 200 71 0775 ZOO 71 0776 200 71 0798 200 72 1020 300 70 0010 500 70 0*00 500 71 1072 100 68 0011 100 71 0*60 200 71 0829 200 66 01*5 300 71 0*12 100 65 033* 200 66 0116 200 69 0*82 200 69 0518 300 68 1122 200 71 0705 600 72 1153 200 69 0201 ZOO 72 105* 100 72 1235 200 71 0835 100 70 0340 200 70 0220 100 70 0110 200 70 0728 300 67 1253 500 70 0401 100 69 10*2 200 71 0618 AUTHOR INDEX MCNABB C G MCNABB J MEEK A M MEEK 8 U MEENAGHAN G F MELSTED S W MENDEL V E MENEAR J R MERKEL J A MERRILL W G MESSER J H MEYER R C MIDDAUGH P R MIDDEN T M MIELKE L M MIELKE L N MILLER A L MILLER B f= MILLER M H MILLER R U MILLER R W MILLER fc 0 MILLER WILLIAM 0 MILLS K C MINER J R MINER J R EO M1NSHALL N E M1TTEE MIYAHARA A Y MIYAZAKI S MOAWAO S K MOHSENIN N M MOLDENHAUER W C MOLINA J A E HONKE E J MOORE J A MOORE J 0 MOORE M E MOORMAN R JR MORGAN N 0 MORRIS G L MORRIS W H M 200 69 0562 300 71 0590 300 72 1085 400 73 1181 200 69 0188 600 69 1239 200 70 0232 300 69 1180 300 71 0538 600 70 0255 600 70 0258 200 71 0669 100 70 001* 200 66 0125 200 73 1093 100 69 0096 200 69 0188 100 71 0*76 100 71 0572 200 71 0812 200 70 1053 200 71 0796 200 71 0660 100 72 1097 200 70 0216 200 70 022* 200 71 0775 200 73 1189 200 69 0173 300 71 0*77 400 69 0419 400 73 1073 300 70 108* 100 70 1090 100 71 1092 300 71 0515 300 71 0269 300 71 0*66 100 69 oioe 100 66 0506 100 67 010* 100 67 0302 100 69 0096 100 69 0105 100 70 00*9 100 70 0102 100 70 0228 100 70 1227 100 71 0*47 100 71 0576 200 6* 0759 200 66 OIZO 200 66 1112 200 67 073* 200 69 0549 ZOO 70 0248 200 70 0737 200 71 0*83 200 71 0788 200 71 O790 200 71 0803 200 71 0808 200 71 0855 500 70 0399 600 71 0272 600 71 0*96 600 72 1071 300 71 0*86 100 69 0061 100 70 00*2 200 69 0*82 300 72 1157 100 71 0*61 100 71 1223 100 70 10*0 600 70 0080 500 70 0387 300 70 0*75 200 71 085* 100 70 0678 200 66 0123 200 66 0128 200 69 0178 200 69 0706 200 69 1116 200 71 0823 500 70 0*03 600 68 0*71 600 70 0098 100 70 0*18 200 71 08*7 100 65 0*70 100 70 0028 100 70 0082 100 70 1090 200 70 0716 200 71 0852 200 66 0117 200 66 0152 200 71 0816 MORRISON J L MORRISON S M MORRISON S R MOUM S G MUEHLING A J MULKEY L A MURPHY L S MUKTHY G K MUSGHAVE R B MYERS E A N J TASK FORCE NABBEN M NARAYAN R S NATZ D NEFF M NELSON 0 K NELSON G L NEVINS M P NEWCASTLE UPON NGUODV P 0 NICHOLS « S NICHOLSON H P NlENABER J A NIGHTINGALE H I MILES C F NIPPER H A NOOWELL J H NORDSTEOT R NOROSTEUT R A NORTON T E NURNBERGER F Y NYE J C 0 BRIEN T 100 69 0081 100 67 1258 100 71 0273 200 69 0195 200 71 0809 100 70 001* 200 66 0125 200 71 0777 600 72 107* 100 69 0707 100 70 0685 200 70 1159 200 71 0607 300 69 0001 300 69 0002 300 69 0003 300 69 000* 300 69 0005 300 '69 0006 300 69 0007 300 70 1000 600 72 1001 100 71 0681 200 71 0778 300 65 0739 300 70 1059 600 72 1177 100 71 0572 200 69 0201 200 66 012* 200 70 0320 600 72 1151 100 72 1188 400 71 0686 300 71 0628 100 70 1211 200 69 0166 100 71 0273 200 69 0195 TYNE 200 70 023* 300 71 1238 100 65 1219 100 69 0061 100 70 00*2 200 66 0116 500 70 0396 100 72 1129 200 72 1015 100 70 10*1 200 70 0687 600 72 115* 200 68 072* 200 69 0175 700 69 1067 200 71 0769 200 71 0782 200 71 0791 ZOO 69 0182 200 69 0*30 600 69 1160 2UO 66 01*2 100 71 0588 200 69 0547 0 CALLAGHAN J R 100 71 0688 0 CELL R A 0 DONOGHUE P A OGELSBY N C OGILV1E J R OGLESBY R T . OKEY R W OLECHOWSKI G C OLSEN R J OLSON E A OMTVEOT 1 T OUU URINE MEAT QRR H L OSCHWALD W R USTRANOER C E OSWALD W J OTTOSON HOWAKO UVERBV L R OVERMAN A R OWENS j o OMENS T R 200 69 0180 J 100 71 0688 100 64 0343 200 69 0176 200 71 0841 200 71 0646 200 69 0199 200 70 0219 200 71 0818 100 69 0736 100 70 0021 100 71 0571 ZOO 69 0*82 300 69 10** 300 69 1124 200 7Z 1018 300 71 0689 400 71 0298 200 68 0760 EGGS 100 71 1221 100 71 0187 100 71 0266 300 71 1035 200 66 0122 200 69 0185 200 71 0651 400 71 0575 100 72 07*6 300 70 0668 U 200 72 1029 100 60 1078 200 70 0221 200 71 0856 100 72 1224 2 (JO 68 0*34 200 68 0726 76 image: ------- AUTHUH INDEX , LinlNb ' K .'•INGS U J PACKI-.lt R A (•Al^l H II G L PAKKE* U F PAKKEX II N J L R A PARSU A A PARSUNS PARSUNS PATEL J 0 PAUISCH G D PAULSON U H PAULSUN U L PAYNE PAYNE PAYNE J PEAKALL C G f A 0 H PECK J M PCDERSUN R U CENOLETON H f PtRRV C A PERSON H L PtTERS D C PETERSON J K PETERSON M R PcTERSON N L PETERSON R t PETERSON S A PFEFFER J T PFOST H B CHAR P I, PIATT c PICKENS L G Pl£RCt R A PIERCE R L PINENTEL D PITTWAN 0 PLOTKA 6 0 PUELMA H K POINTER C G POL IN 0 POLKOWSKI L 3 POLLOCK K 1 POL SON A POMEROY 8 S PUNTIF J PONT IN R A PORTER H C PORTER M K POS J POWERS W L PKATT G L PRATT V F PRICE D R PRICE F PROCTER 0 e PROCTOR 0 E PRYOR H J OUARLES C L QUICK A J OUISENBERHY J H RADEMACHER J M RALL 6 0 RANKIN J 0 READ B JR REODELL D L 100 (v'j 0066 100 t-J 0714 100 M U70t iOll 71 OM3 POO 71 U779 3011 71 1257 60!) 72 1193 500 7J 0400 IUJ 64 01U8 200 73 10B2 200 73 1083 200 69 0173 100 69 0035 400 70 0097 100 67 0448 100 64 0690 100 71 057V 300 69 0093 li/0 66 0474 600 72 1076 2UO 70 0250 100 70 1111 100 69 0373 100 69 0374 100 70 0013 200 71 0643 200 71 065U 400 68 0101 400 71 0753 600 71 0272 600 72 1071 500 70 0398 50Q 71 ^072 300 71 0590 200 69 0557 200 69 0561 100 70 0691 100 68 0306 200 71 0837 200 71 0861 300 71 0692 100 71 0462 300 70 0743 100 67 0302 100 71 1092 200 69 0188 200 71 0796 200 71 0649 300 70 1248 100 69 0693 100 70 0064 200 70 0247 200 70 0253 200 71 0859 200 70 0244 300 71 0628 100 71 0261 200 66 0116 200 71 0840 300 68 1122 600 72 1004 100 71 0686 100 71 0307 200 71 0836 600 72 1154 100 68 0381 200 71 0842 200 69 0923 100 71 0187 100 71 0266 100 71 0729 20O 69 0187 200 71 0824 100 Tl 0681 100 69 0039 100 69 0098 200 71 0640 300 68 llg) 100 Tl 045b 200 71 0830 600 72 1031 400 70 0097 100 69 0030 200 68 O694 200 68 1187 200 71 O7B4 100 64 0072 100 70 0047 100 70 0025 200 70 0249 200 66 0129 200 69 0181 200 69 0424 200 69 0542 500 70 0410 100 70 0362 100 69 0416 100 71 0476 200 71 0828 KEDDF.ll D L HMCt f N RFC!) C H KEEO M J KEICHERT K A REIU J I REIU H S RE IHAN K KEKEKS R G RENEKER K N KESNIK A V HETRUH R REY G RICHTER J RtCKETTS RALPH RICKLES R t KIC-ACIO REAGENTS R1DLEN S F RHtY C T RIXFORD C E RDBBINS J ROB61NS J H D RU8ECK GO ROBERTSON A M ROBERTSON L S ROBINSON J 0 ROBINSON J J ROBINSON K 'ROBOHN w F ROB SON C M RODRIGUEZ J G .ROKLICH G A ROLLER U L RCLLINS G H RCLLO C A ROSENFELD R. S ROSS E ROSS I J ROZICH F J RUF J A RUNDLE H T A RUSSELL J RUSSELL P RUSSELL W RUSZLER P L SALTER P J SAUNOERS R H SAVAN M SAXON J R SCALF M R «00 72 1169 600 73 1147 100 71 0695 200 66 0130 200 69 0172 200 70 0325 400 65 0396 100 6« 0011 200 69 U175 200 71 0846 200 71 0648 400 71 1196 100 71 1038 300 71 0744 200 69 0181 200 69 0424 200 69 0560 200 70 0321 300 70 0492 *00 71 1137 100 65 0378 200 69 0199 200 70 0219 9L100 71 1221 400 70 0113 100 6< 0337 100 70 0112 200 70 0235 200 70 0243 400 66 0088 400 68 0449 300 70 0668 700 70 1066 100 69 0060 200 69 0696 200 69 0708 200 71 0807 300 71 0590 300 71 0697 600 71 0493 100 69 0375 100 71 0468 300 70 0207 200 69 0179 200 71 0824 100 73 1088 200 70 0251 200 71 0829 200 69 0431 200 69 0167 100 70 0570 500 70 0409 100 69 0316 200 71 0829 100 63 0436'. 100 71 0312 100 71 0461 100 68 0043 100 69 0108 100 73 1034 200 71 0797 200 71 0860 200.71 1096 600 72 1076 200 69 0545 200 69 0558 100 68 1229, 100 65 0067 400 70 :0979 200 71 1)667' 400 65 0489 100 69 0040 100 67 0041 100 71 0569 100 71 Q742 200 70 0251 200 7) 0825 200 7Q 0498 200 70, 0698 200 71 0709 300 72 1089 SCARBOROUGH J H 700 It 1109 SCARBROUGH J H 100 7} 0304 SCHAEFER ML 100 71 5972 SCMEFFERLE H E 100 65 0503 100 66 0290 400 65 0439 SCHEFFtRLE HENRI ETTA100 65 0699 SCHELT1NGA H M J 100 66 0347 SCHLEUSEN^R P E SCHLIEKELMAN R J SCHMII) L A SCHMISSEUR M E SCHMITZ F L SCHNEIDER D I 100 69 0355 200 66 0156 200 70 0293 200 71 0608 200 49 0559 200 69 0164 200 69 0564 200 71 0778 200 66 0126 100 68 0090 100 71 0464 SCHUfNBUKS R » SCHOLZ H G SCHRAUFNAttEL F H SCHULTE D 0 SCHULT2 0 A SCHUMAN C E SCHUAKTi M A SCHMEN&El F &CHMIE&OH M F SCHW1ESQH HILLUH f SCOTT 0 SCOTT T W SELL J L SELTZER W StKELL J I ^ SHAEFFER J R SHAFFER R E SHANNON 0 M F SHARMA R H SHAW F R SHAH J H SHEFFIELD C M SHEPPAAO c c 'i . SHEPPARU C C EL) SHERMAN H SH1NDALA A SIMPSON E C SJHPSON * R SINGER R H S1NSH 1 P SI MO* P SINSH V P SKIHNEH J SKINNER J L SL6TTEN 0 SLIHGER S J SLWEKER J H :SMART,P iHAUS.R J SMITH G E '; SMITH G L SMITH G R SMITH L M - SMITH R E SMITH H J SMITH S M SMITH T. R SMITH U M SMYSER C F SNOETEN80S G H SOBEL AT SOBHAN-ARDAKANI M SPAHR S L SPLINTER H E • SPLIT! S TOSSER D F ST AMANT P P STALEY L M STANEK G STEAO F M STECKEL J E STEELE J H STEELMAN C D STEFAKQVIC H P 100 67 0901 200 71 0768 2UO 69 0521 200 70 1113 200 71 0781 200 70 0226 100 71 0589 290 72 1020 200 66 0438 200 71 0610 ZOO 71 0597 200 71 0804 300 66 0392 300 71 0584 100 73 1088 200 71 0649 100 69 0058 100 69 0707 200 71 0799 200 72 1108 600 72 1149 200 71 0286 300 70 1192 100 1>9 0364 100 69 0714 100 65 1091 400 t>9 0419 200 70 0727 200 70 0755 200 71 08 15 300 71 0621 300 71 0625 300 71 06Z6 300 70 0204 100 73 1165 100 71 0304 100 71 1039 200 70 0241 100 71 0443 100 TO 0024 100 70 0570 300 72 1070 200 69 0529 400 71 0456 100 71 0443 100 70 0027 200 72 1030 200 70 0728 100 72 1235 200 69 0427 200 69 0429 200 71 0279 400 65 1127 500 71 1072 200 73 1082 400 68 0033 100 70 0342 200 69 0169 200 71 0851 200 73 1093 200 71 0843 600 72 1001 200 70 024B 200 71 0803 ZOO 64 0759 200 69 0433 400 71 0293 IOQ 69 0376 100 70 0110 100 69 0376 100 70 0110 100 71 0674 200 66 0121 200 66 0143 200 69 0189 200 69 0197 200 71 0658 300 69 0631 300 69 0633 300 69 0635 300 71 OtTl 300 71 0673 300 71 0674 300 71 0675 400 70 0091 400 70 0*77 600 72 1031 300 70 0475 300 70 0455 200 72 1025 200 71 0642 300 70 0487 200 71 0801 200 71 0822 200 71 027T 100 67 1218 200 70 0215 200 66 0118 100 70 0420 100 70 002T 77 image: ------- STEPHENS 0 F STEPHENS E R STCVENSON F J STEWART B A STEWART R f STEHAXF T A STEWART T B STOMBAUSH U P STORK E J STRATTON F E STRAUB C P StROSHINE R L STUART U G STUBBLEFIELD T H SrUEOEMANN J A SULLIVAN R J SURBKOOK T C SUZUOK1 I SHACKHAMER C L SNAOER F N ShANSON N SMANSUN N P SWEETEN J M SHITHENBANK C TAEU8ER C TAIGANIUES E P TAKAMUA G TAN K H TANAYAMA S TASK GROUP 2610P TAYLOR A H TAYLOR B TAYLOR G S TAYLOR J C TAYLOR R B TAYLOR R J TEAGUE H S TEETER H M TEN HAVE P TEH THE MICROBIOLOGY THOMAS J W THOMAS R E THOMPSON 0 I THOMPSON P D THORPE V A THYGESON J R TIEDE J E TIEDJE J M TIETJEN C riLLSON S A riHMONS 0 R r L T1MMONS J f TOETZ 0 W TOML1NSON r E TUKRENS R L TOTH S J TUMEK B A TOHNSHEND A R TRAVIS 0 0 TSAO G T 200 68 0760 300 69 0467 500 TO 0393 100 67 0076 100 68 0730 100 70 0031 200 70 0223 200 71 0826 300 1077 300 67 1250 200 71 0766 600 69 1006 200 71 0835 100 70 0023 100 69 0316 100 70 0017 100 69 0679 300 71 1058 200 71 0787 200 71 0810 100 71 1212 200 66 0150 200 71 0853 300 69 0317 200 71 0815 300 70 0208 100 71 0303 200 71 0612 200 70 0214 200 71 0642 400 73 1158 200 70 0216 200 70 0224 200 71 0703 200 71 0775 200 72 1022 300 71 0301 JOO 72 1264 600 73 1147 100 71 1216 ZOO 71 0278 100 64 0474 100 66 0437 100 69 0057 200 69 0055 200 69 0194 200 69 1167 200 71 0281 200 71 O769 200 71 0787 200 71 0791 200 71 0792 200 71 0802 200 71 0810 200 71 0814 100 73 1184 100 71 0509 100 71 0303 100 67 0079 100 71 1039 400 67 1226 100 70 0570 200 66 0131 200 71 0609 200 71 0844 200 69 0199 100 69 0416 100 69 0316 200 72 1027 200 71 0839 100 65 0699 OF 100 65 0699 200 71 0849 300 70 0213 300 71 0624 100 70 0299 200 66 0438 100 71 0444 100 68 0287 100 71 1221 200 71 0813 200 71 0796 200 71 0827 200 66 0155 100 70 0064 100 70 0417 500 70 0388 500 TO 0397 200 71 0283 500 70 0409 200 71 1234 100 71 1197 100 72 1235 200 72 1054 200 71 0659 100 69 0360 100 70 0083 200 69 0175 100 71 0681 300 71 AUTHOR INDEX TUCKER 0 E TUCKER T C TURMAN E J TURNBULL J E TURNBULL R TURNER D 0 TURNER M E TUSS J UNDERWOOD C 200 100 200 200 200 200 400 100 500 200 400 71 0847 73 1162 68 0760 71 0772 69 0550 71 0784 71 0731 69 0346 66 1259 69 0534 68 0033 UNIV OF W1SC EXT SER200 69 0516 UPHOLT M M 200 71 0280 US DEPT INT FHPCA 200 69 0539 USDA-ARS AN SCI DIV 300 71 0511 UTLEY P H VALLICOTT 0 R VAN 0AM J VANOEBERG G VANDERHOLM 0 H VANDONSEL D J VARGHESE S VEATCH J 0 VEIRS C E VELEBIL M VENN J A J VERDU1N. J VICKERS A F VIETS F G VIETS f G JR VIETS JR f S VILSTRUP R H MAOLEIGH C H UAGNER G H WAGNER W 0 WALKER J P WALKER K C WALKER U R WALSH L M WALTER H G WARD D HARD J C WARNER A F WATSON S WATTS A B WEBB H J WEBB K E WEbBER L R WEBSTER N W WEETH H J WEHBY A J WEIBEL S R UEIUNER R B WEINBERGER L WE I SHE IT H WELCH F M WELLER J b WELLS D M HELLS G D HENUER I HERNER J A HESCOTT R B HESLEY R L HETMORE A WHEATLANO A UHEATON R Z WHITE C 100 71 0441 300 71 0752 400 68 0101 400 71 0753 200 69 0536 100 70 0458 100 71 0484 300 71 0628 300 64 1110 200 71 0586 200 71 0771 200 70 0238 500 70 0390 200 69 0163 200 71 0605 300 70 0414 100 67 0076 100 68 0730 100 69 0103 100 71 0589 200 69 0676 400 71 0435 300 67 1290 200 69 0537 100 68 1121 300 68 1043 400 69 1225 500 70 0386 500 70 0393 100 70 0691 100 71 0187 100 71 0266 200 69 0187 100 68 1121 200 70 0225 200 71 0933 100 71 1212 300 71 0591 200 69 0193 600 69 1160 200 66 0140 100 70 1037 100 73 1164 100 62 1220 200 71 0847 100 66 0063 100 68 0452 100 69 0052 100 71 0507 200 68 0724 200 69 0174 400 69 1045 400 73 1073 200 66 0134 100 71 0257 100 71 0572 100 69 0375 100 69 0375 200 69 0158 600 72 1148 200 69 0056 200 70 0246 100 64 0071 100 71 1038 200 69 0165 200 69 0183 200 70 0232 300 69 1180 300 71 0538 600 70 0255 600 70 0298 300 71 1238 300 TO 1084 300 71 1081 300 70 1104 100 70 0362 200 71 061T 200 71 0842 200 71 0733 100 70 0089 400 64 0358 100 69 0071 200 69 0163 200 69 0183 100 70 0581 HH1TE R K WHITLEY J R WILEY J S HILKE J T WILKINS R J WILKINSON S R WILLAROSON L S MILLEMS D WILLIAMS D J WILLIAMS H R WILLIAMS J B WILLIAMS R J b WILLRICH T I WILLSON G B WILMORE R WINOT T A WINC J M W1THEROW J L WITTMUSS H WITZ J A W1TZ R L WITZEL S WITZEL S A WOLFORD J WOOD A J WOOD J M WOODING N H WOODS U R WOOTEN J W YANGGEN 0 A YATES J C YAVORSKY P M YICK R 6 YIH R Y YORK L R YORK M U YOUNG R H F YOUNG R J ZAULATZKY H ZALFA A A ZALL R R ZERFAS J W ZINOEL H C 4UKOWSKI T {HERMAN P J 100 69 0057 ZOO 69 0194 200 Tl 0792 200 71 0802 200 71 0810 200 71 0814 300 73 1009 SOO 70 0406 400 64 0379 100 68 0090 100 69 0061 LOO 69 0045 100 71 0509 200 70 0720 200 71 0853 600 69 1239 200 69 0553 200 70 0719 200 70 0720 200 71 0853 400 68 0229 100 67 0041 100 70 1233 100 70 0102 200 66 0137 200 71 0788 500 TO 0399 200 69 0192 200 71 0793 200 71 0804 200 Tl 0806 400 71 0309 400 69 0039 200 71 0801 tOO 71 0(22 200 70 0221 200 71 0856 200 70 0498 200 70 1118 200 71 0709 200 T2 1014 200 71 0705 600 72 1153 100 69 0058 300 68 1122 100 65 0334 100 66 0090 100 69 0061 100 70 0042 100 71 0261 100 71 0571 200 66 0116 200 69 0482 300 70 0207 100 70 0362 100 69 0445 300 71 0457 100 71 0318 100 71 0573 100 72 1129 200 71 0776 300 70 0010 200 71 OS08 200 69 0329 200 71 0615 300 71 1081 200 71 0608 200 71 0762 200- 72 1011 100 71 1216 100 70 0020 100 70 0018 100 73 1184 200 TO 0715 200 71 0663 100 68 0306 100 69 1042 100 72 1193 200 Tl 0796 100 70 0020 200 71 0815 200 71 0848 200 71 0849 300 70 0205 300 TO 0208 300 70 0209 300 70 0210 300 TO 0211 300 TO 0212 300 71 0622 300 71 0623 300 71 0624 300 71 0627 300 71 0678 300 72 1182 400 71 0327 400 T3 1068 200 69 0201 200 70 022? 200 Tl 0649 78 image: ------- SECTION V KEYWORD INDEX 79 image: ------- KEYWORD IMuEX Ivl. LI 01 OS luu CO O044 i . 6V OOVii I,.1.1 6'V Ol'J-.* l.o 7J lilt ^,L b6 ol'Sl J. J 7i 1H* J-. 71 Hie. i-oo /2 1004 10U 70 O2t.0 ioa 7o O4lo /Ol. 71 07V4 i 00 71 0801 too 71 I2il 2~J 6C oljtt ^OU 64 1240 1o.i od Hi 1 /OU 70 02-j) io.i 71 1013 2oJ 66 JU'* 200 Cj(J 1187 <,.;i Jo 0241 <.'oo 70 O6d7 ijo 70 J7-SLOI),,L- ACTI VAT£D-SLOUoC ACIIVATlU-SLUDGE ACIIVATfcU-SLUIlut ACF|VATED-SLUOi;E ACHVATEU-SLUuGE ACHvAnni-iENfcrtCiv ACTUAL-OAmstS 200 71 0944 i(J(l 69 U5J1 ioo 69 0552 2o'J 69 0556 200 69 D5i7 ii/J 69 0558 to') 69 0565 2i/0 70 1050 tOO 71 OS11 iOO 71 0613 200 71 0614 200 71 200 71 *,H?n*,l>,ri^,u **>»V,IAII KlVt* tCULUGY LJWWATUfiY AMNUAL Kt"pURr"j«7i KEYhUKOS HOItUN^UIRifNT-iuu'uj", tMt," •.LUwjlAimw I,,L LFI-LCTS 0. VOLUME- n.NO SU^ACE-ARtA OH IKE ^ATt OF ACCUMULATION OF SULIOS [n l.ijuUR UIL AMO T5UUHOUS COMPONENTS' IN STD.IEiJ i;AIHY MANURE KEYWORDS OF riCrfGtjRGANlsxs IN FHESH CHICKEN N.ANOKE U.JOER AEROBIC ANO ANAEKOBIC CONDITIONS •tin OF CATTLE M/vNunt FOX FEED ** AfMtJUJBic FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FAHM jAsrts i AMMJNIA l>€SOR»-T|j;4 FROK CUhiCE-rt TRATEt) CM1CKCN MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITRCoiN "ICRUF PUVPIlC CHAHAClERISllCi, UIOLOGICAL \H\i ClltMltAL PROPtRrirS OF DAIRY MANURE SLORRIfS K UETERKIP-.AI IUN Oe ^6RCUP.» IN FOUD I'RUUOCTS AND uIULOStCAL TLUIOS bt AERATION t FLAHLtSS jESIi.^ CRlTtRIA FOR AHAERUBIC LAGOONS F0« SWlnE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWURDS CUD BOtl TEMP IHfc PHYSIDLUSY OF THE I.ULIFORM GKjUB (•.EYWUHLS bACTEKIA CPLIFOKHS POLLUTANTS SANMARY-C- WATER POLLUTION FROM L.ANU rlUNOFF KtYWllROS rtUNUFF WATER-POLLUI ION INFILTRAUON iEDIMtNIS t OF FARM WASTES KEYnUHOi U1SPOS4L LOGOUT AtHATION ACTUATtC SLUDGE LURMti IN JniJUSIKY KtYtiOROS NlTtlJG£i» INDUSTRY FERTILUErtS WA TER-POLLOftON AMMONIA'FAR CATTLF MA.-.U.(E TRHATMfcNI TtCHNlUUES KCYWUK.lS LAGOONS CUD liOD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE »U, AFf .t,,,] BY FEti) AL-OITIVES KEYWQRl.^ CUPPER iINC ANTIH THE INFLUENCE OF <-£EU ADU1TIVES ON TH£ BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR ihlNC WAS FFCAL-KESUlUES. FROM FtEL- AuDITIVES POULTRY KLYWORDS POLLUTANTS 01ET5 ANTIB1UIICS UII>> fECAL-RESlUOEi HM FEED AOO I Tl V6S—S« |.c inL LL'i«iL, rUfUftc ^EW I HEfJ-^ IE uF -»tf [ KClcviMf" tjT AL ftkllt Er 11 Oiu nt-\ i ^ ADMINISTRATIVE-AGE 0 S D A ItCHHICAL ANO FINANCIAL ASSISI^MCE PHLGRAMS KL»jnan<"'AH -ASE rcCHrtlCAI. AXO FINANCIAL ASSISfANCt ADJITlVtS AUJITIVES AOKlNISTftil 1UN ' ANIMAL FELOLUTS KcY«C-IE. REGOLAT10M FUR THE R .ISt'-lTlCIN UF FEhuLOTS KtYWOROS NEdrl .SKA WATER-PULlUTtON- _-AG£ AGRICULTLWAL ANO KELATEO WASTES CUNTKc'L KEYWOHOS «AST6-CISPOSAL KA.VSAS '2U2 •SiS!!!!*!!"-^! °™*£ w'^^l^tt1^ SwliSii"^1." *««">«" "KiMTioN RULES FOR CONFINED FEEoING OPtRATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L ENFURCfMENI OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS In OKLAHOMA KtYWORDS OKLAHOMA WAI EH-POLLUMON-SOURC DISPOSAL UF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLL1-TIO RULES FUR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTt WATtX DISPOSAL KEYI,0*DS IOWA FARM-wASftS I HEALTH-PRUbLEMi KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFURMS ENTEROCoCCI ADSURP1ION SILT-LOAM-SUIL HtA MINIHUJNC THE WAiTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM I:t VtliEIABLt PRJCtSSING KEYWOROS COD UuO RCVtKi THE MANAGEMENT AND D4SPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FAKH-WASCES MANAGEMENT FAkh-.HANAlr ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOD uUCK A{HA AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LDNi I'.LAJO tOCK «ASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FA*>)-WAS ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A OUtSTIONABLE THEATMENl SYSTEM KhYkURDS FAitM-WASTES OXIUAIION-IA FARM -ASTt DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAERUbK-LASOONS LAN.l-DISP CANADA ANIMAL WASTt MANAGEMENT GUJDE KEYitOftDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT A,4o TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS CLIMATE AND THE SELFCIIUN OF A bEtF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSHM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FbED-LOTi AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF rtlOLTRY-MANUSE KEYWOROS AERATION xINOHOW-METHUD »RE SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWORDS D COO CATTLE NITRU AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-HASTE KEYWORDS bCtl COD VS FS AERATIOJ LOAUING-RAHS RE image: ------- 2- J 7(1 02 J« 7U 02EIU1ES & *»"" "IRE MANUREKtY-OUDS t, COD CATTLE NITRO nr ^"PUST IN A HUG FATTENING FARM OXIUATION VAT KEY.OHDS Ac EDLlJr "SIE Ke»-«R^ CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEKOBIC tl K6Y1"UKU NIIR0514 LAGUON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC MSSILN CA&tD LAYf AEROBIC Mninrir»c,n n F«S ANlSI? OFFARM UNDER- WHY S OXIDAT ON OI1CH MIC?OB SLOG ML ALTERNATlES FOR COMPOSTING DAIRY COW lt ir "LI"T1UN TtJ THE "ISPUSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVtNT POLLU Mtl "SI6S KEVl"Wl'S "ROliUCIION TRANSPUR TATIO,. MANAGED Wl™ UXIUA"UN BHCHES ANb LIUUIO MANURE STORAGE TANKS TE "EYWOKU DEN I TR I F I CAT ION ACTI VATEO-SLUOGE C D1SI>OSA'- DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIDATION-DIT 00" PROBI-EHS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS CKEYVE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN OSAL OF ANIMA<- "ASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON PRINCIPLES nF FFFnnr nn ,„ AEROB'C-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN DOORS C *H ?P NG THE MNU» jRnS?"«"!?»0J;on!yHOROS A'*-p"'-LUT ION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC LABOR FREE MANjRFni«n^E,CvEn^R°5 0* '"AT "UN-DITCH OOOR AEROBIC-BACTERIA ROTOR PROB OXIDATION t??CH ?s r^?, ?L««nN?*DS BOATING-AERATOR OOOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI THE ilCROBln, n?v L tin.^l l'° S°ORCE «ri(OROi OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE NVESMG?? ™? 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AGRICULTURAL-WATER AGRICULTURAL-WASTE AGRICULTURAL-WASTE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE AIR AIR AIR-CIRCULATION AIR-CONDITIONING AIR-CONDITIONING AIR-CONTAMINATION AIK-ORIEO-CHICKEN- AIR-ORYING AIR-DRYING-MANURE AIR-DRVING-MANURE AIR-ORYING-MANURE AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION KEYWORD INDEX ECONOMICS UF HASTE DISPOSAL FROH CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS THE ECONOMICS OF SWINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBIC-TRE APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIOUES TO FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER QUALITY CHANCES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATM A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF MATER K SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBI CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN DISPOSAL OF LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPR I THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAC6 TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRY-INDUST CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN K SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SwINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUHAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATED-W AESTHETICS AND ODORS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULF IDE ANAEBOBIC-CONDITIONS ODOR-THRESHOLD AE BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWQRDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT FRON THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS BA IRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC REGULATORY ASPECTS Of RECYCLED LIVESTOCK ANP POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD ADMINISTRATING OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE J»E-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS .OF MANURE HANOLIN6 IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS POULTRY MANURE HANDLING 8Y INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEYWORDS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C CONTINUOUS SOLIO WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC WATEK SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGI IROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FKOM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS AREA DIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK, SOILS MARKETING HAS NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS COSTS OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINED CATTLE FE WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID, »ND DRY DAIRY APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEDLOT RUNOFF- KEYWORDS, WAT6K POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUT ION-SOURC AGRICULTURAL HASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL CONVERTING ORGANIC HASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICUITU HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS W,ASTE-TREAT*ENT STABILIZATIO REV EM OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGR CULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-HASTES HATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYHOROS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO MRICULTUKE AND POUUTION--SOC 10-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTIO OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU AGR CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS AIR POLLUTION ASPECTS OF ODOROUS COMPOUNDS KEYWORDS AIR ODOROUS ,,.„,.„,„., „..,., cn ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING CROSS-PROF T SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYHOROS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR- DRY ' NG OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYHOROS ODOR ENVIRONMENT »1»-VENUUTI NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL SEMSvAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR DRYING KEYKO OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF AMMAL MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-ORYING-MANURE ?o"ROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE UNDER CAGE DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR AIR-ORYING-MANURE CAGE NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER--A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY/MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT ENRICHMENT OFTHE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE AN MAL S$Tf HmCMMT IN HAWAII KEYHOROS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK ""TE-DISPOML MSIM AN MAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOO COD DO PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON PROCEEDINGS OF FARM AN MAL HASTE AND BY-PRUDUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM- SHINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN! I LAND RECYCLING LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLO So VING RTHECpOU^TRY°MANURENpR5flLB* ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHWUTION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN A SHINE-BUILDING ATMOSPHERE «™°«S vSSSSs £ METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF MALOOORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS C N T^EN IN INDUS^R? KEYHORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS HATE ?-™-LUTION AMMONIA "« BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYHORDS ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEH KEYHOROS LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES- NATIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOHATER R LIVE STOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYHORDS RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK OF AU WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION soi OF AN MAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS OF A S WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI SOL D WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYHORDS CATTLE FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPO " OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS UN BEEF CATTLE KEYHOR oNA ENSlNMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRUNMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUMON-CO CATTLE FEEULOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS °«'2^ fill il.S Slc?« I12n»?r PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC 82 image: ------- 400 71 0435 400 71 1143 4uu 71 1144 40U 72 1173 OOJ 11 1002 e>OU 72 1004 700 69 1067 200 71 0766 300 70 0385 100 71 0582 loO 70 0025 100 70 0027 2oJ 69 01T8 300 71 0621 300 71 0626 300 68 1202 400 71 0293 100 69 0096 100 72 1188 100 72 1188 300 70 0395 100 70 1040 100 68 0730 loO 69 0081 1UO T3 1162 200 64 1241 200 69 0169 300 66 0739 300 67 1250 400 73 1183 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 100 65 0075 100 65 0334 100 69 0030 100 70 1040 10'J 70 1251 100 70 1237 200 68 1187 200 69 0433 200 69 0526 200 69 1117 200 Tl 1097 200 Tl 1234 300 64 1110 300 68 1122 300 TO 0487 300 TO 0666 300 70 1101 300 Tl 1106 300 T2 1070 400 73 1063 500 TO 0407 300 TO 0487 100 70 1194 100 69 1198 200 69 0482 300 Tl 0099 100 69 1198 100 68 0306 loO 69 06T9 100 63 0338 100 65 0503 100 65 0699 200 66 0139 600 TO 0258 TOO TO 1109 JOO TO 0342 100 Tl 06B1 200 Tl 0583 200 66 0127 200 69 OOT8 100 Tl 1228 200 TO OT*7 200 Tl 0662 200 Tl 0733 200 T2 1016 100 69 0096 100 69 0105 100 T2 1188 300 69 0467 100 TO 036T 200 Tl 0792 200 Tl 0809 200 64 1241 200 T2 1016 200 T2 1030 JOO Tl 062* 400 Tl 0293 600 T2 1163 100 65 1219 100 66 1080 100 69 OOST 100 69 0103 100 69 0105 100 69 06T9 100 69 OTOT 100 TO 0031 100 TO 103T 100 TO 1051 AM-POLLUriON AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AU-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTIDN AIR-POLLUTIONPROBL AIR-POLLUTION-EFFE AIK-OUALITY AIR-SAMPLFR AIr(-TEMP{««TURE AIR-TEMPERATURE AIR-VENTILATION AIR-VENTILSTION ALABAMA ALBUMEN ALCOHOLS ALCOHOLS ALOEHVDES ALORIN ALEXANDRIA-EGYPT ALFALFA ALFALFA ALFALFA ALHALFA ALFALFA ALFALFA ALFALFA ALFALFA ALFALFA-BROMEGRASS ALFALFA-BROMEGRASS ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALSAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE-STRIPPING ALGAL-CONTROL ALGAL-GROWTH ALGAL-GROWTH ALGAL-SYSTEM ALGEA ALKALINE ALKALINE ALKALINITY ALKALINITY ALKALINITY ALKALINITY , ALKALINITY ALKALINITY ALKALIS ALKALI-SOILS ALLERGENS ALLEYWAYS ALPHA-FACTOR ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES AMERICAN-SOIL-CONS AMINES AMINES AMINES AMINES AMINO AMINO AMINO-ACIO AMINO-AC1DS AMINO-ACIDS AMINO-ACIDS AMINO-ACIDS AMINO-ACIDS AMINO-ACIDS AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA SUMER SOME KEYWORD INDEX IMfUvELyT^2 «??2iE?nSF C*TTLE FEEDLOT ""-LUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIQ CONFINEMENT FFtnTJr S2n<*TE KEYWOROS AIR-POLLUTION SAGEbRUSH FARM-WASTES ODOR NS- OOM ?LrEn? D»nn ,?T' C°NS' *N° TM>S KEYW°R°S RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION US1MG SunR ^J^LQlJS ^y,5cy?°RUS °°OR ""IE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN S!f Jil nhJJi ? JN *'R OUALITY STANDARDS KEYWOROS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA 2iVyi?0u2S$!°^ COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS. n* "»S™ STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W p2f=,*-,£ROF.E!SION*L S°CIETy TO"ARD URGENI SOCIAL PKQ6LEMS KEYWORDS TEC N«nr, rn nil?? E PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW BACTR A rn2EM2.?EniClA2IMAL SUARIERS FOR "MFORT AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS AIR-Q EFFEC? SF ««« nJ IS7JN POULTRY HOUSES AN° "TS RELATIONSHIP TO 6GG HATCHA8ILITY KEYW STUDY OF THE u« HF f« n»,nE*-InA,""> C°L° EXPOSURE AND STARVATION^ VANILMANDEL 1C ACID POULTR? %SLLUT|EM «I«.S?i°AIlON °ITCH T° STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COLD CLIMAT DRYING OF PninlSS MA«,« , "ESULTS KEYWORDS ODOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED OwUs » fin,??(n *?.?« ??*i? A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENTILAT I SOD?UM EG? \Hfl ?I II! ^.t? i'TY SF UNITEO SIATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI IDENTIFIED mf, n! EF,«SUAh'IY "O-^OOUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K U|NT F Icil ™ nr SJHM?/ CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWOROS ODOR ORGA SEN? F ell SN OF »H rill!"! ^EEDLOT °DORS KEY"OR« AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT CKEM?STM IliS «?TA2n, i« IILf FEEDLQT ODOKS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT S nl n??ii s" °F INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELORIN INSECT-CONTROL < ««?l L i?I!S BY ALOA*-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS TE "OLLUTION OF GROUNUHATER KEYWORD FERTILISER FEED-LOTS TRY'UTTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO n T« an n AV*'«-ABILITV IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS n? rIt»,TET0c"ST°"A KE¥140ROS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI NITRAE n yA?!? *B»IS^™E?II,UPON "'"STIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWOROS CATTLE 0 ST*.lluMON « Si«!«S S FERTII-IJEKS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE CONFRNEMji? ?« JJI**,!!5 AN° QIHER "ATER POI-LUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID 'lS loll nlflles Jin n*, «I!!?RDS FAR"-"»NAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS WFECt OP Siimiit «r?nol *,2S SRM*TIO"S °F SDIL N1TR°GEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION S01L-NI nt*in«, iS * "WM OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS ISS «?m hr??^ A"??INS BYWORDS OOOR BOO COO E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA D? Sl?iv iS*,n.S iCTI°NS FR°M LA600NS "SED FOR CATTLE KEYWOROS OXIDATION-LAG Si n»?*» URf «Y "-AGOONIN6 KEYWOROS BIODEGRADAT ION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-DI * ES BY ALG»«-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS htKES KEY«ROS AMMON!A EUTROPH ICAT ION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER- n«nnID F ' SH H4ItHtRIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON rri?!,,2I nSS L,2F DAIRY MANURE KEY«0ROS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE SfSEARCH n2\S*I!? a"*iIIV KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF iv ^,?=, I L" WASTE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALOAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE ? n2UIS E?!!"SOURCES EfFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU S^ 52=IEIY F°" APPLIEO BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL 2M?E^iMNOL06v DF * POND R«EiviNG ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS m ?f,IIir?LSEn KEY1-I QUID-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATME .f2R °PEN BEEF FEEO'-0TS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES PRU8L6MS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWOROS l«« ™.«\S°NFINEM6NT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWOROS ODOR ORGA IDE FlJ!?l22 SF »F« ?S?f?IS«°F S^NE-BUILDINC ODOR KEYWORDS ODOft-THRESHOLD CHROMAT D6NT F CAT ION Cf Him n* rn^D "El*OT OOORS BYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT NITROGEN AND?AM^n!r?hS,£D?R! *EY*|Q"OS »»'NES IDENTIFICATION ODORS CHROMATDaRAPHAC YneSr 2?ri?,i E fEC" OF YOUNB FIGS R«EIVINS A PKOTE1N-FREE DIET AND 0 8«VMI FACILITATES XIr5i£*I!°Sc?E HA"-OOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG PHYSIOLOGY OF TH! ftuip*, o«nin?E,C°MPaSIIION OF C*tTU FEEDLOTMANURE KEYWORDS BOO AMINO CHARACTERISTICS OF Ml*u £!?«*. HS^OTOS RU'1INA'1'" "ROTOIOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI RECOVERY OF ANIMAL ftto Funt J!J,A«° RlJNOff KEYWOKOS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH FEEDING DEHYDRATED PQ^Tflv yiS«TtS MA"URE KEYWORUS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L SODIUM EGG-SHELLS F??Qh*?,?iSIrrT° DAIRV COWS KEY"0RUS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIOS NITR ACT VMED SLUOGE A! A ?nl,irIYn|SS"PRODUCTION "'•BUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K NITRATES 'IN THE ENVlJoMFN? C«.2LJ52"!" KEYliOROS BACTERIA PROTEINS iMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN NITROGEN COMPOUNDS SS!?i«5FS??2S NITROBEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERT1L1IAT ION NITROG THE MENACE OF NoSfais ?1«5 V« JIf*"* REylEW KEYI*ORD5 NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN NITROGEN EN»ICHS?i? ne JnlcJS *N'"AL UNITS KEYWOR°S EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM AMMONIA A^lS^ls ?D«.n«45! Si'!" By A«0RPT10N Of AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE F NITROGEN LOSSES FBnM?rjSr^IS °F SWINE-eu> "-OING ODOR KEYWOROS OOOR-THRESHOLO CHROMAT A ME?"2 F§"?HE ?SEAtMFjt'nc HJIS" IMPO"N"ME^S KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR VOLITILIZAT10N ANntjRTeJr??,™'^1- W"SIES T0 CONTROI- AMHONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS •N?TRO«N IN S2Rt2SL?i«S }«««.?£ ?ITRO«N FRDM "»>NE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION POTMTIil n? image: ------- KEYWORD INOEX • 3UO 69 1180 ANAEKOBIC-UIGESTIO CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN 300 72 1157 ANAtKUBIC-OIGESTIO CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M 5JO 68 1259 ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO 60U 70 0254 ANAEROBIC-OIG5STIO AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N MOUSeFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB oOO 70 0258 ANASROBIC-DIGESTIO GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES COD COMPOST 600 71 0496 ANAEROBIC-DIL-ESTIO DESOKPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION 7oO 70 1109 ANAERD8IC-UIGESTIO AN EVALUATION UF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A loO 67 0230 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION AND POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROB 100 67 0233 ANAERUBIC-LAGOONS EFFLUENT-DUAL ITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO 100 69 0095 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON BIO-OXIDATION OF SWINE-WASTE BY THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES AN 2UU 68 1186 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS 200 68 1187 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE iOO 71 0667 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON FOOD PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-LAGOON ACTIVATED-SLUDGE IRR1G 200 71 0855 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON-E TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOON EFFLUENT BY SOIL FILTRATION KEYWORD ANAEROBIC-LAGOON-EF 300 71 0319 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS FARM WASTE DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LANO-DISP 300 71 0700 ANAEROBIC-LAGOON LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF 5oU 70 0401 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYWORDS DISPOSAL M 600 72 1262 ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION CF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS 200 71 0762 ANAEROBIC-MEATMEN LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU 300 71 0*86 ANAEROBIC-TREATMEN FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIDATION-DIT 100 69 0071 ANALYSIS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI 100 71 0303 ANALYSIS METABOLIC FATE OF UBIQU1NONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL 100 73 1164 ANALYSIS SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN 200 66 0153 ANALYSIS POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL 200 66 1112 ANALYSIS CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTICN-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNG 200 71 0781 ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOO DUCK AgRA 2oJ 71 0811 ANALYSIS BOD ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBI 200 71 0826 ANALYSIS CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEOIOT WASTE 200 71 0834 ANALYSIS SUbSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIOU1D MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA 200 71 0861 ANALYSIS CONCENTRATION PF PROTEINACEOUS SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR KEYWORD RECYC 300 69 0634 ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF GASES ENCOUNTERED IN A COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS' ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS 300 71 0412 ANALYSIS THE INFLUENCE OF ASHED POULTRY MANURE ON SOILr SNAPBEANSi AND TOMATOES KEYWORDS CROP 300 71 0538 ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF BASTES FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEECLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF OUALITY-CO 300 71 0625 ANALYSIS THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CKUOE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K 300 71 0697 ANALYSIS ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON 400 71 0267 ANALYSIS WASTE MANAGEMENT WH»T DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F 100 70 1233 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIO LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC 100 71 U32 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQ WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA 100 72 1199 ANALYTICAL-TECHNI8 IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC 100 72 1222 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIO PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA 100 72 1235 ANALYTICAL-TECHN18 BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIOUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN- 100 73 1034 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIO TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE 200 71 0792 AN4LYTICAL-TECHNIO CHROMAT06RAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF MALODORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMAT06 300 72 1052 ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQ EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS 200 70 U13 ANEROBIC-CONDITION AERATED L4GOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS 200 70 1113 ANEROBIC-CONDITION AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONO ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS 200 69 0186 ANHYDROUS-AMMONIA MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING GROSS-PROFIT 100 69 0057 ANIMAL THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM 100 69 0265 ANIMAL PENICILLIN BY THE POUND KEYWORDS ANIMAL PATHOLOGY DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS DISE 100 66 1229 ANIMALS ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS 100 70 0023 ANIMALS ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS 100 70 0023 ANIMALS ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS 100 70 0024 ANIMALS PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS ROOEN 100 71 0572 ANIMALS AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A 200 64 1240 ANIMALS THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFURMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E 300 1105 ANIMALS RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- 200 71 0740 ANIMAL-bEHAVIOR PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE 200 67 1243 ANIMAL-CONFINEMENT THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES 400 71 1131 ANIMAL-DENSITY FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE 500 71 1255 ANIMAL-DISEASES DISEASES OF FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-DISEASES CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WATER- 100 69 0376 ANIMAL-FEEDSTUFFS EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY-LITTER AND ANIMAL-F 300 71 1098 ANIMAL-HUSBANDRY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC OKttANISMS KEYWORDS AOUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO 300 70 0213 ANIMAL-METABOLISM ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY ANU DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL- 600 72 1153 ANIMAL-METABOLISM MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS 100 70 1051 ANIMAL-PARASITES POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR 100 71 1232 ANIMAL-PARASITES WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA 200 72 1016 ANIMAL-PARASITES CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH 200 71 0845 ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY CATTLE MANURE AS FEED FOR CATTLE KEYWORD RECYCLING ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY MICROOR6ANISMS-NE 200 71 0846 ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL 200 71 0847 ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY STUDIES OF PROCESSING! NUTRITIONAL VALUEt AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINA 200 72 1017 ANIMAL-PERFORMANCE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT 300 71 0745 ANIMAL-PROCESSING- ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FLOW-CONTROL TERRACES BY-PRODUCTS RENDERING 200 67 1243 ANIMAL-PRODUCTION- THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTES 200 69 0539 ANIMAL-PRODUCTION PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS CATTLE WATER-POLLUTION FEEOL 100 69 1042 ANIMAL-WASTES THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN WATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES 100 70 0019 ANIMAL-WASTES CONTROL OF ODORS FHOM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST ODOR-PANEL MASK ING-AGENTS D 100 70 1217 ANIMAL-WASTES APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION 100 71 1212 ANIMAL-WASTES EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN 100 72 1215 ANIMAL-WASTES AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES HE 200 67 1243 ANIMAL-WASTES THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES 300 46 1207 ANIMAL-WASTES FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES 400 69 1225 ANIMAL-WASTES CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-DEV 400 70 1176 ANIMAL-WASTES ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES 400 72 1166 ANIMAL-WASTES HOW MUCH MANURE P6K ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE 500 71 1254 AN HAL-WASTES ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS 100 70 051 AN MA[-WASTES-WILD POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALKUNIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON IDS SOUR Lrn 71 1196 ANIMAL-WASTES-WILO CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB 100 72 99 JN mionCS-PESTIC IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC Joo 7? 0514 AN TIBIOTICS-BEEF FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND ANTIBIOTICS-BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION DISE loo 19 III" iNNuiL-COST CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COST I «0 ?! 1058 ANNUAL-WASTES DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PRElilCT THfc ROLE CF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA III 67 0336 ANTHRAX DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND ,00 71 0795 ANTIBIOTIC ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG fnn II 0343 ANT SlOTICS BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-WATER no 69 olll IEJ B OT CS PENICILLIN BY THE POUND KEYWORDS ANIMAL PATHOLOGY DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS OISE ™n AO llol MNT BOT CS QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SwINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-WATERS DISCHARGE LAGO Inn ?? MM ANT B OTCS BOO ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEtO ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIbl III « llll 12? S OT CS SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEtT KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-CHEMIC III ?? IIM ANT B OTCS ANIMAL WASTE REUSE NUTRITIVE-VALUE ANO POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW loo n 0512 ANne'Sncs FECAL-RESIOUIS FROM FEED ACDITIVES POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS UIETS ANTIBIOTICS MTR 84 image: ------- 0857 1033 1099 1016 100 TU 1.251 1UO 71 0576 10J 71 1214 U>0 71 1067 100 70 1237 200 64 0750 200 64 0759 200 69 0134 200 49 0190 2UO 69 0548 200 70 0223 2C.O 71 0793 ZOO 71 0794 200 71 0830 200 71 200 71 200 11 200 72 300 65 0757 300 67 1250 300 6B 0749 300 69 OOOT 300 69 0300 300 69 0631 300 69 0632 300 69 0633 300 69 0635 300 69 0637 300 70 0414 300 71 0639 300 71 0672 300 71 0692 300 71 1145 400 64 0379 400 70 0091 400 71 1136 400 73 1140 6UO 71 0494 6PO 72 1004 300 69 0638 100 71 0589 100 68 0306 100 68 0730 2UQ 71 0801 300 71 0269 500 TO 0393 300 TO 1059 300 71 1126 2UD 69 0519 200 6<> 0138 500 71 1254 100 68 0306 100 71 0261 100 71 030* 100 71 0758 200 64 0750 200 66 D139 200 66 01-52 200 69 0055 200 69 0187 200 70 0237 200 70 0252 200 70 0670 200 TO 0687 200 71 06*5 200 71 08L4 300 69 0001 400 71 0305 400 71 0311 100 65 03S4 200 69 0190 400 73 1178 200 71 0652 KEYWORD INDEX AIRBORNE 4MMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWOHDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATIDN NITROGEN ALGAE WATER- CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWORDS ODORS COO CONFINEMENf-PENS THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL HASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES HATER-POLLUTION ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILUED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALWONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWOHOS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON LASOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDtOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS 8IOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CHEMICA TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM »EEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS-FIELO RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT MICROBIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION ANO MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEOLQT NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS ANO PLANT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATT CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM AMMONIA OESORPTION FROM CONCENTRATED CHICKEN MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN M1CROF FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N ANO SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS ANO SOIL KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FILTE NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL CHAKACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES ANO RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOD COD AMMONIA N DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PE SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-CASES FROM STORED SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS ODORS CARBO WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE «YWOR ODORS, GASES, AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS 5»s:e™°?"c THE QUANTITATIVE OETEKHtNAUON OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE GASES AND ODORS FROM UNDILUTED ANO DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS OOCR-STRENGTH METHA SOIL FILIATION TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AMMONIA HYDHOGEN- THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL T* AMMONIUM PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF M'** "•*!"" ft PLAINS AMMONIUM INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS, TEXAS HIGH PLAINS AMMONIUM CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SOILS KEYWORDS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION }"*"« IWCH{H6 AMMONIUM-COMPOUNDS NITRATE ACCUMULATION_IN KANSAS GROUNOWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES S^UNDWATER FERT LIZATION AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AKMOrilA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AHMOMA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA AMMONIA ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC nllKAIC HbWnUhA I IW1 I r* l\Mll*M* unwulumx I bn i*fc—»-- ,..— - - eilCU AMPHIBIANS SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOSY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIRENEN ANAEBOBK-CONDITIO AESTHETICS ANO OOORS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIOE ANAE80BIC-CONDITIONS ODOR-THRISHOLO « ANAERCeiC 06SI6N CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC UGCQNS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL DWORDS COB BOO TEMP ANAEROBES ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA "*"OIOA FUNG ™"°* ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES- KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE BUR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES DAIRY BULL, SWINE,ANO POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUO STATE OF fHE ART REVIEW TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS .^"'"i °?: HANDLING ANO DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FE60LOT WASI6 KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK BASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC P^IRY "?. ' CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COO BOO ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF* ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LlvESIOCK KEYWORDS COD BOO COST NUTR MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGE* CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITN OXIDATION DITCHES ANO LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FJRM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAl HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG ABATTOIR WASUWAT6R KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS METHANE-BACTERIA FARM-LAGOONS AN PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS SWINE HOUSING ANO WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH R'EVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERObl RETARDING EFFECT OF DESSICATtON ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS WHY STIRRING MANURE REDUCES ODORS KEYWORDS AEROBIC ANAEROBIC STORAGE ODORS HANDLING ANAEROBiC-BACTERI* CHEMICAL. ANO flIOLOGICAl REACTIONS FROM LAGOONS USED FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LA& ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA MICROBIOLOGICAL ANO CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED HITH DECOMPOSITION AN ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA DOOR CONTROL MAY UE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO ANAEROBIC-SIOOEGRA LIOUID HAST6 TREATMENT I FUNDAMENTALS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC-BIODEGRAOAT iOO 6* 1200 ANAER08IC-CONDITIO PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTH"AITE 100 68 UZ9 ANAER08IC-CONOITIO ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS 100 73 1034 ANAER08IC-CONDITIO TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATIOH SYSTE --- ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO ANIdAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON ANAERCBIC-CONDITia TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS-FIELO RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT ANAEROBIC-CONDI![0 Pt&GERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL E6U1PMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO REDUCTION OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT «Y BIOLOGICAL DENITRlFICA ANAEROS1C-CDNOITIO ANIMAL MANURE LASOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA ANAEROSIC-CONOITIO SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY ANAEROBIC-CONDITIO EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL ANO PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONOITIO SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY OAIRY SWINE ttUD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF ANAEROttlC-OIGESTlQ TREATMENT Vf LWESTOCK-VtASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYWORDS BOD COD ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION ANO POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANA6ROB ANAEH08IC-DIGESTIO INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN ANAEROB1C-DIGESTIO ANAEROBIC LAGOONS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN ANO APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAER ANAERQBIC-OIGESna TREATMENT OF OAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIODEGRAOATION ALGAE BOO ANAEROBIC-DI ANAEROBIC-OIGESTIO ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION, BCD COD NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC-DIG ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TRE«!MENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWOROS FARM-WASTES 01SP ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL CF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO SWINE WASTES, CHARACTERI2ATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KtYWQROS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILtTEO ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO FEEDLOT HASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL ANAEROBIC-DIGESTIO SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE TIME FOR AEROBIC WASTE DIGESTORS KEVWQRU ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AN ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL 200 69 0157 200 69 0184 200 TO OZ48 200 TO 0728 200 70 0737 200 70 1114 200 11 07BJ 600 73 1065 700 72 1048 100 65 0346 100 65 0378 100 67 0230 100 67 0446 100 68 0500 100 69 0030 100 69 0259 100 71 1228 200 68 0724 200 69 0164 200 69 0168 200 70 0755 200 71 0768 200 71 0843 200 71 1099 image: ------- ifO 11 U6«?2bh luu 71 10J-J luu bl) OOdb lull t>'j 03*6 1110 OR 050l> «*l'»> /2 1021 (>on 72 llbl lui) 70 U0*y JUll b* 072* ib.-. 70 021!) 3011 71 0639 *UO bS 03i)6 700 72 10*» •>00 70 0398 100 69 0*lb 20U 72 1025 100 71 1126 100 70 0*20 kOO 70 0051 JuO 71 1126 IbO 67 1258 100 70 1217 luu 70 1217 1UO 65 1219 300 6U 1122 300 71 10S8 300 71 H26 *00 69 10*5 100 67 1218 500 70 0397 100 70 119* 100 72 1215 100 72 1097 *00 71 117* 600 72 1169 100 70 10*1 *00 69 0016 600 73 11*7 100 70 123J 300 72 1260 100 70 0112 200 70 1118 300 70 1192 300 70 0*92 100 73 1162 200 66 0150 *00 73 1183 *00 73 1191 200 70 0217 300 *6 1207 100 60 1078 100 60 1078 100 69 0081 100 71 0572 200 73 1093 100 71 121* 200 71 0660 *00 71 0568 200 68 12*2 200 71 0659 200 71 0615 200 71 0616 400 72 1173 200 66 0150 200 70 02*0 200 71 066* 300 *6 1207 200 49 0195 100 71 0572 200 71 0611 200 71 0612 200 71 0613 200 71 061* 200 71 0615 300 71 1107 100 65 1219 100 66 1080 300 70 0385 100 66 0*79 100 69 0316 100 73 1087 100 71 1221 300 71 1055 100 70 0023 100 71 1213 100 6* 0*7* 100 73 103* 300 70 1101 700 70 1256 100 71 1213 100 72 1215 300 71 1100 3CO 70 0385 IbO 67 00*1 100 71 0307 300 70 1101 200 6* 12*0 600 72 1163 100 71 1092 ANtlMGTICS ANI 1-f-UAPlNG-lliLNT APPAL ALII I AN-MUUNT A APPAKENT-IHGESTIHI APPEARANCE APPLICAI HIM APPLICAt ICM-MFTHUU APPLICATIUN-MUHOO APPLICAUUN-R1TE APPLILATIUN-RAIES APPLICAI ICN-RATtS APPLICATION-RATE APPLICATION-KATES APPLICATIUN-KA1ES APPLIED-CUNTRULS APPLYING AQUATIC-ANIMALS AQUATIC-HAblTATS AQUATIC-INSECTS AQUATIC-LIFE AQUATIC-LIFE AQUATIC-MICROBIULO AQUAT IC-MICROUIULO AQUATIC-MICROORGAN AQUATIC-PLANTS AQUATIC-PLANTS AQUATIC-PLANTS AQUATIC-PLANTS AQUATIC-PLANTS AQUATIC-SYSTEM AQUATIC-WEEDS AOUATIC-HEEO-CONTR AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AQUIFER AQUIFER AQUIFER AQUIFERS AQUIFERS AQUIFERS ARABLE-LAND AREAS AREATRENDS ARID-LANDS ARID-LANDS ARID-REGIONS ARIZONA ARIZONA ARIZONA ARIZONA ARKANSAS ARKANSAS ARSANILIC-ACID ARSENIC ARSENIC ARSENIC ARSENIC ARSENIC-COMPOUNDS ARTIFICAL-USE ARTIFICAL-USE ARTIFICIAL-RECHARG ARTIFICIAL-USE ASCS ASCS ASH ASPECTS ASPECTS ASPECTS ASPECTS ASSAY ASSESSMENT ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE ASSOCIATED-COSTS ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONI ATMOSPHERIC-AMHONI ATMOSPHERIC-WHS ATOMIC-ABSOmiON- ATTITUDES ATTRACTION AUCALIGENES-FAECAL AUGER AUTOCLAVES AUTOGOMISTIC-EFFEC AUTOMATIC-OATA-COL AUTOMATION AUTOMATION AUTOMATION AUTOMOBILE-EXHAUST AVAILABLE-HATER-CA AVIAN AXEMIC-CULTURES BACELLUS-COLI BACILLUS-MEGATERIU 6ACILLUS-THURINGIE KEYWORD INDEX LAKLY LXPFRIMtNTS AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEVH LAGtn LAYLR PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH UXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DMAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS THL APPARENT-DIGESTIBILITY OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN IN TOPLAN OR IEO-POULTRY-MANURE KEYWO LAGOONS FUR LIVESIOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF AMAI-HUH1C LAGOONS CONS IUERAT IONS IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAER APPLICATION UTILIZATION ANO DISPOSAL OF LIVESTUCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CRUP YIELDS FKOM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS USL 01- SUIL TO TREAT ANAERCBIC LAGOCN EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FCR DISPOSAL OF LIOUIO MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN MuVtMEUTS UF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATER LYSIMETER PLOW- USING SDIL FILTXATIUN TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GRUUNOH FUKHOW MANURE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY APPLICATION-RATES PLOW-FURROW-COVER DISPOSAL SPRINKLER APPLICATION CF ANAEROB1CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC PESTICIDES AND PEST-MANAGEMENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION ANO MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWOROS A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C OTHER REScAKCH NEEDS KEYhOKUS FARK-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL SAVANNAH RIVErt ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-HEOUIREMEN SOME EFFECTS OF ORGANIC KASTES ON AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED HABITATS KEYWOROS LAGO IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON MATER USES KEYWORDS BOO COD DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN RECOVERY UF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM HIGH DUALITY SURFACE WATER KEYWORDS APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TU RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION NITRATES IH THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWOROS AOUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO SAVANNAH RIVEK ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 197L KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN AGRICULTURES CO.NTR IBUT ION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N NU FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWOROS WATER-DUALITY WATER-POLLUTION HATER-QUALITY-MANAGE HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL WATER FROM CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND BANK WEEDS KEYWOR REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWOROS LIOUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWOROS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-L CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY ANO NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG FERTILIZERS AND FEECLOTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNOHATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FCR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-HASTES STORAGE ULT1MATE-D1SPO LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULIURAL LAND KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWOROS HATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-OUALITY SO IMPLICATIONS OF NATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- DISTILLATION OF WASTEWATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOR ARID-REGIONS KEYWOROS EFFLUENT-REUS PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWOROS PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-UTTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWOROS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWOROS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM POULTRY-LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, ANO CROPS KEYWO AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWOROS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-BYPRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE WASTE-DISP DEAD BIRD DISPOSAL BY RENDERING KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE HASTE-BIS THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWOROS HATER-REUSE PATHOGEN COMPOSTING KEYWORDS ARTIFICIAL-USE HUMUS AERUBIC-CONOIT10NS COMPOSTING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OFIRRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPOR NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS OOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOIS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS L ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES ROLE OF EXCRETED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT WASTE KEYW AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A U S D A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENC PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FDR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE TECHNICAL ANO FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOMINIST SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT CFIRRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG NITROGEN COMPOUNOS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW THE INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY DI EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON THE PIG KEYWORDS EFFECTS ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONIA PIG ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION C FLAMELESS ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYHCRDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER ATTRACTION UF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWOROS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- PROPERTIES ANO PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWOROS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING Of ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES S01L-CONTAMINAT A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW THE EFFECTS OF FARMYARD MANURE ON MATR1C SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A SANOY LOAM SOIL KEYW ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM HELIOTHIS-ARMIGERA ANO ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIDS NITROGEN EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSI5 IN CATTLE MANURE ON HCUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWOROS image: ------- jiUO 64 124O 1100 65 050 J •100 65 0694 •luO 66 0290 jlOO 70 0049 JIUJ 70 1217 I1UO 71 0291 1100 71 0451 •100 71 0476 •tlUO 71 0722 1H BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATOR KEYWORDS NICRCBIOL06Y BACTERIA FARM-HASTES S "RYNEFORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER RENOV»T'°" »S * FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP TV KEVHOR°S "ACREATIUN EFFECTS OF MSLHPLE SSE ON uiJ^'S,^, ,"MPARATIVE f«OUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A SALMONELLA JN THE LAYrSc MFN I 5.?^hiTY °F HIGH MOUNI*1N WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN KEYWORD INOEX BACTERPROCEEUINGS BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIA BACTERIAL "C^AL^T,1 T^ EJSSiJSStr ESKeKS^K^ BACTERICIDES A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT Of AN**!? !.?TC? T °°S F°R «IE«IN« F«AL POLLUTION KEYWORD BACTERIODACEAE ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES Kslw^nt ?Jn, IJ?!" T° CONTROL »WON1A AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS BACTERIOOES-FRAGIL ISOLATION OF AMERoli! wlmol ISM! 22 J"LTURES SOU-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS BACTERIOLOGICAL-AN WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PftlSItF »??•?!!» CULIURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS BACTERIOLOGICAL-AN BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A «CT SJ OF ?£J iJiEJ KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA °«'"° •"—•-• -- -- ^u""* uh * SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTERl MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK BACTERIA COLIFORMS : ! " ° BACTERIOPHA6E BACTERIUM-COLI BAGGING BALANCE BALANCE-OF-NATURE BALANCE-OF-NATURE BARLEY BARNYARD BARNYARD BARNYARD BASAL-DIET BASE-FLOW BASIN BASINS BASINS BASS BATCH-SYSTEM BAYER BAYER BAYER BAVER-29493 BAYS BEDDING BEDDING BEDDING BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF BEEF bEEF-CATTLE bEEF-CATTLE SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOB ADDtlcn B AfTm m, «~ ---- --...,,.,-,.,„ wwta nunn^ uMbitn* THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM SROne icSUn £1ERICLOSY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KE^oSS? c^rVP^5 6ACTERI* COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E sEi»^ EOTlS 00 YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU MAV4"?AH RIVER ECO|.06Y LABORATORY bEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF, SOLID TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLJES TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS IN FREE- HANDLING PRESERVATION „, OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEOLOTS ariss Sc^^:rsS?STiislh?s!i-ii[i5;"H!;L" «"°M* 'AN«"UBTC-EBND,T HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF nlfav *Sn c C TTLE FEE1"-OTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR A MATHEMATICAL SliuLATldS"J BKF AN?SiJI A REiff?.C*IIIE H4STES '" CONFINED SYSTEMS K WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE P^?^ «w « POTENTIAL KEYWORDS HATHEMATI BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - CXIDATl^N Dl?r« JII nL"'™ EMPHAStS °N BEEF CATTLE KEYWOR AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT iII?F Ep!2rDn, C°° BCD TS TVS PH DQ TEMPERATURE CA* Dnor,nrT,r,>, ™~i --.. !??!. ^EEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB n -- - RUNOFF WASTl-STORAGE WAST 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTR1ENT-REOUIREMEN SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS .-— FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS • MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS • MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS GREAT SOUTH "'" ' — — AND ANIMAL M»N"RES IN COLD CLIMAT • — •~»*.w*&«ijWi^ ur occr r GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WAST FFF4^!"1 °F BEEF-""1-E WASTE WAUR EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT ftUNOFP nw UAT BEEF-CATTLE-WASTES OXIDATION DITCH l'< A CONFlEfMF4J BEEF-FEEDLOT BEEF-FEEDLOT OPERATIoS? li ONTAHln BEEF-HOUSING-SYSTE CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF I « BEEF-WASTE EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE Ffeni ST KB"—-B|re» S^JgBWS BEHAVIOR SLOPING FLOORS FOR RFff-r«TTIc BENEFICIAL-USE THE SPORTSMANS »?„""""" »NAEROBIC-OIGESTION GASES COD COMPOST 4N»ER08IC-DIGEST ION GASES COO COMPOST - "EUSE KErHO*DS 600 COD PH SEPTIC-TAN '""OUNOMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL KEVWOROS F»R"-HASTtS CONFINEMENT-PENS OX ST°"AGE TRE»THENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE SYSTEM m»°™S CLIMATES FEED-LOTS ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS 5 PEST1CIOES «««E DEGRADATION RAD UIS(>OS*1- CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FLOORS 87 image: ------- KEYWORD 1NOCX 100 67 1218 BENEFITS FUTUKE WATER UUAL1TY DESIGN KEYWORDS HA TER-OUAL 1 T V WAT ER-PCLLUT ION WAT ER-CUAL I TY-MANAGE 200 71 0202 BENEFITS SEDIMENT EVEKYBODY 5 POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEOIMENTAT ION SCS WATERSHED 200 71 028J BENEFITS ECONOMICS UF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEVWOROS STANDARDS COALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B 300 70 1192 BENEFITS IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUALITY LANS FOR THE FEEDLOI INUUSTRY KbYWCRDS CONTROL POLLUTION- 500700*0-) BENEFITS ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEVWOKOS WATER-QUALI TY COSTS BENEFI TS CUAL I TY-LEVELS EXTERNAL I T I ES M 100 72 11V5 BIU4CCUMULATION IMPROVED PKUCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC 100 U 1199 BIUASSAY IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE CETERMlNA 11 ON UF OXYTE 1RACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC luo 72 1215 BIOASSAY AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES , KE 500 71 1254 BIOASSAY ISOLATION UF ANAEKOBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS 100 65 0263 BIOCHEMICAL REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZAT ION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE 10J 66 0*37 BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FARH ANIMAL EXCRETA KEVWOROS LIVESTOCK GASES 8IOOEGRADAT [ON BIOCHEMICAL 100 (,« 1229 BIUCMEMICAL-OXYGE.M ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS 100 70 10*0 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS I 4 OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS 100 70 1051 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWOKOS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIUS SOUR 100 71 0666 B1UCHEMICAL-UXYGEN CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE *f^9*°«|;D BIOCHEMICAL 100 71 10*7 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT BEEF BUILDINt, KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX 100 71 121* BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-HASTES WATER-POLLUT ION 100 72 07*6 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN RECYCLING SYSTEM fOR POULTRY WASTES KEYHORli NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC 00 72 1193 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN CHARACTER 1ST 1CS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYHOR IJO 72 1235 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLCT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN- 100 73 lie* HScHEMicA^SxYGEN AN^L iASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T 200 6* 0750 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN LAGOONINS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI 200 6* 0759 BIOCHEMICAL -OXYGEN STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCMEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CHEHICA 200 69 0696 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-WATERS DISCHARGE LAGO 2uO 70 0687 BIOCHEMICAL-UXYGEN OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG'ASATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF 200 70 0728 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WAST6-T 200 70 0755 MIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN FEEDLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-D1 SPOSAL 200 70 1113 BlOCHtMiCAL-OXYGEN AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT PF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS 200 70 111* BldCHEM CAL-OXYGEN ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A CUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA 200 71 0821 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN AN OXIDATION DITCH FOR THE MAILING AMD TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTtS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE 200 71 08*? B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE TIME FOR AEROBIC WASTE OIGfSTORS . KEYWORD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AN 200 71 1099 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL 200 72 105* BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS 300 69 0733 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND KEYWORD SETHING- 300 49 1125 B UCMEMICAL"-OXYG!N ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK.WASTES FARM-W soo 69 i so BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN CATTLE FEEULOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN 300 70 038* B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO 300 It 0677 B OCHEM CAL-OXV«N THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES 300 71 1055 B §CHEM cJt-omlN ANNUAL REPORT OF ACT VITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER 300 7^ (Sol I ScniS CAt-ixYGiN STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS *"Ef P°"U"°N """ J'J"-""" 500 68 1259 BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STA8ILIZATIO 600 69 160 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN CHARACTERIST CS OF CATTLE FEEOLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNL'FF OISS 600 72 001 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR S-INE WASTE KEYWOKOS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM 700 70 0*6 BIOCHEMICAL-«VGEN AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC 700 70 1066 B OCHEM CAL-OXYGEN WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR 7UO 70 109 B OCHEM "t-5x«eN IN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SW|NI WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE! HOGS A 700 71 U20 B OCHM CAL-OXVGM SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NI.RATE CONTAMINATION IN SUME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR 100 72 122* BIOCHEMICAL-TfSTS FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER 200 6* "o I ScSIS sm "i PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E 100 69 0373 BOCONTROL ARTHROPOD-PREUATORS OF IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL 200 71 0276 B OCONTROL THE SPORTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TOX1CITY 8IOLOG 300 71 1106 B OCONTROL MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO 140 66 Sii? I SoE^wiTION pSSpERflE? OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES BIOOEGRAOAT1ION B.UCH6MICAL 100 69 0030 BIOOEGRAOATION TREATMENT 'UF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIOOEGRAOAT °* "«« ?°° ANAEROBIC-.OI 100 TO 0028 B100EGRADATION HOUSEFLY LARVAt BIODEGRAOATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS 100 71 0273 B ODEGRADAT ON ROLEOF EXCRETED CHLORTETRACYCLINE IN MODIFYING THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IN FEEOLOT WA 200 66 0112 BIOOEGUMT ON REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL .REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR BIOO 200 69 0056 BIODEGRADAT10N PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KfcYWORDS 200 69 0193 B OOEGRADAT ON ROLE OF EXCITED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION UF FEEOLOT WASTE KEYW 200 70 0716 B ODEGRADAT ON BlOUEGRAOATlON OF POULTRY MANURE HRCM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA 200 70 111! B ODEGRADAT ON CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS WA 200 71 082* B ODEGRADAT ON AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LUUIO AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS BIODEGRADAT10N NITRIF1C 200 71 0837 B OOEGRADAT ON AERATION 'Wl TH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS OODRS EMITTED FROM LICUIO SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS K 200 71 1099 B ODEGRADAT ON SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL 700 70 1066 B ODEGRADAT ON WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT nASTE-DI SPOSAL HYOROGR 600 72 1153 B OENERGETICS MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS 100 70 1217 B OINDICATORS APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION 200 71 0832 B 0 ND CATORS GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATEK-POLLUTION SA' loo 70 ll" B 1° \HO ""Ss FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES V6CTROS-BIOLOGY 100 65 033* BOLOG CAL CHEMICAL AND B OLOGICAL REACTIONS FROM LAGOONS USEO FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAG 100 66 0063 B OLOG CAL SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS .PESTICIDES SEWASE DEGRADATION RAO So 69 M" B OLOG "t "isiCAL AW BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION CF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY 100 71 034B B OLDGICAL BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS 200 027* B 0 S' cit-CONCENT ?HiL?PORTSMANS. vIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT 8. OCONTRCL BENEFICIAL-USE TOX.CITY BIOLOG »00 73 1191 BIOLOGICAL-FLY-CON MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOP. CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWOKDS 100 71 1232 B OLOG CAL-OXYGEN- WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA 200 70 07*7 B otflG "t-PROPERT ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEECLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT DESIGN-CRITER 200 72 1016 B OLOG CAL-PROPERT CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH fflS 71 1221 B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES OETERM CATION OF MERCUKY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUICS BY AERATION C FLAMELESS Jno 7J 1199 B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE OE FERPINATION OF CXYTETRACYCL INE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC Sn « llll S OLOG C»L-slHPL« AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN blOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE no « lilt B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES PEPSIN DIGESTIBIL TY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA inn 7? UOO B OLOG CAL-SAMPLES DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE OUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTKO I™ 7 }}« BDLDG CAL-SAMPLES ISOLAT ON OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS tnS Ji J«t R \OLDS CAL-SYSTEMS KECYCL NG AND UTILIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE-WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYnOROS BIOLOGKAL-SYST 2SS IJ «lll S mSc clt-TR6ATME AEROBIC-PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE KEYHORUS BOD CUD COSTS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT OXIOAT 100 SS ?n!n R StSc cJ^TREATME STABILIZATION OF DAIRV WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTFRI AL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS ™ ln f»? I \DLOS cit-TRE»TMl AWICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE «VUW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES ° F KYWORDS WASTE-WATEK-TREATMENT LAGOONS PD DL - « ,™ B OGIcL-TREATME LAGOONS AND OX OAT I ON PONDS LITERATURE REVIFW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATEK-TREATMENT LAGOONS PD SS IS i?»S S StSS ML-TRMTSI THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE v™ Jo o«? R 10LOG CAL-TREATME ENGINEERING-RESEAKCH ON FARM-ANIMAl-MANUR£ KEYWORDS ODORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE- RS « ??o2 2 o^as clt-mirKE SICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION CC.NO KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY o R^QG CAL-TREATME THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONCHLALLV FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD B \DLal cit-TREATME FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LM TEO-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOO COD DO ODCR COSTS tCUIPMENT B IDLal ciL-mATME FEEOLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL FF KEYWORDS „ ?n« B OLOG CAL-TREATME APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIUUES TO FEEDLOT *UNCFF KEYWORDS I ?It ! StnGlcit-ml"! "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K «„„ ... .--• ---- -TREATME A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WAiTE 01 5PU51L »T»iei" IBiyuLyii^u ific ncuoe ur ...cr. «. 300 S? } ?o S mSfi clt-T»E»THE TREATMENT OF AOUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOK CLEAN WATER ANO FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD 300 ?1 ,\\, »ininr CAL-TREATME CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBR»TING-SC«EEN HYDRAUL1C-TRANSP l°° ?J 02M 5 Ot06 Ml-I««t5I AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEULOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 1240 1100 1086 1086 iOO 69 0056 100 65 1219 100 71 1092 3uO 72 1085 2uO 64 300 71 600 72 1163 400 65 0485 100 66 0479 ICO 71 1221 1UO 71 1223 100 72 1215 100 '73 100 73 300 70 1101 300 4* 1210 100 62 0292 1UO 62 0480 100 63 0338 100 64 0474 1CJO 65 0075 100 65 0334 100 65 0346 100 65 0376 100 66 0347 100 66 0473 100 66 0906 100 68 0087 100 66 0106 100 68 0337 100 68 0381 100 69 0030 100 69 0035 100 69 0037 100 69 0071 100 69 0259 100 69 0353 100 69 0355 100 69 0360 100 70 0051 100 70 0089 100 70 0369 100 70 0458 100 70 0585 100 71 0273 100 71 0318 100 71 0574 1UO 71 0682 200 66 0115 200 66 0116 200 66 0117 200 66 0133 200 66 0134 200 66 0135 200 66 0138 ;200 66 0139 200 66 0144 200 66 0152 200 66 0156 200 69 0055 200 69 0074 200 69 015T 200 69 0160 200 69 0162 200 69 0163 200 69 0164 200 69 0168 200 69 0176 200 69 0177 200 69 0178 200 69 0180 200 69 0182 200 69 0183 200 69 0184 200 69 0187 200 69 0193 200 69 0194 200 69 0199 200 69 0423 200 69 0424 200 69 0425 200 69 0428 200 69 0430 200 69 0548 200 69 0708 200 70 0214 200 70 0218 200 70 0219 200 TO 0234 200 TO 0240 200 TO 0241 200 TO 0242 200 TO 0243 200 TO 0251 200 TO 0292 200 TO 0253 200 70 0717 200 TO 0718 200 71 0669 200 71 07TO BIUMASS BIOSPHERE rilOTRUL-BTB-183 BIO-CHEMICAL-OXYG bIROS BIROS BIURET-REACTION BLOAT BLOOD BLOOD BLOOD 8LOOU BLOOD BLUOO-XANTHOPHYLL BLUE-CREEN-ALGAE BOATING BOO BOD BOO BOU BOD BOD BOU BOD BOD BOD BOD BOU BOD BOD BOD BOO BOO bOD BOO BOO bOO bOD BOD BOU BOD BOU 60(1 BOU BOD BOO BOD BOD BOO BOO BOD BOO BOD BOO BOD BOO BOD BOD BOD BOU BOO BOD BOO BOD BOD BOD BOO BOO BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD BOO BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD BOO BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD BOO BOD BOD BOD BOD . BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD BOO BOD RESULTS °f A NCVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING KEYWORDS Thl EFFECT nf ftl°nl,tr ^^ "™ VA"IOUS LEVELS OF «K MANURE ON THE P MENTATION OF I BACT^Rl^L? FfHr}? nt I'??cHENS V*R1°US LEVELS OF CD* "ANURE °N ™E PIS*ENT*nON OF I TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK «»a£ A^«LESis?E4NALri!T?L5fT^E FEEDLCTS T° REOUCE "A'E° """IS CHORDS RUN^r ft°" OX SlnON-DITCH TflF*Ii?«A re ?2^J L.^.r"0"05 POLLUTION BCD COD NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC-DIG FARM-WAS?^ KFvJ™nI anJ ?nnS iNE.*AStES KEYNORDS SLURRIES BOD COO ODORS EQUIPMENT L THE feACTFRfAl fnJn^inS nc ^ H?LL*ND 4<*°BIC-TREATMENT NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OXYGiNATION IMPACT If i*iT?PnV,,AI »n?MN IN°°C" pOl"-TRY-LAGOON KEYWORDS E-COLI BOO MICROORGANISM TREATLSr S« iJn m«oS^IJTANTS °N "IER USES KEY«ORDS BOD COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L TREATMENT, USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION noon iwTiSl^S"^^?^^ EX"EHENT "Y^"«G LCA80RATORY-r«?RS?TEM;«rTiRE SLuS BOD fadl PRS2lMf JnJ Srm?l£ ^AGCON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA Of E«?52?cn rufSRTcS»LZ 6ROI|E«S AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BOD PROBLEMS POULIRY GR ff Im ?n y2c5«°RISIRl?!£L12E '" MOO"=Y"*5 THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IN FEEDLOT WA 'E.^VEM£NT ON BEEF FEE°i-OTs KEYWORDS coo BOO oo SOIL-C n ,, n T= BEEf BUlLD1N(; KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOD COO COSTS RE * STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE HE PHSC, r n rn/EYklOR°S "ONOMICS bOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FARM '° SWNF AEROBIC n KEVklORDS SLOTTED-FLOOR AERATION BOD COD COLLECTION P TW° "KOBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYW cn. "*1*"" STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS 600 LABORATORY TE M,,.«?«I!?ER2?IC LAGOONS FD" SW"«E M»"U« DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COD BOD TEMP HF n,,?Em?I,T?CHNiaUES KEYIIORDS LAGOONS COO BOO ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF A nF ?VSnlS SIS?.{NS.IHEU EFFECTS ON W*«R QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOO POU URE '°^ E"°M CO"f"*EO LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOD COST NUTR ?*STES KEYWOR°S SWINE COST BOO NITROGEN NI TROGEN-BALAN *'MAI- W*STES KEY"0»DS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM KEYl*ORos OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH nF AM i,« c 8°U COD °° PH XATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON 2n ?nIE,RB0n,,TInn.SI*NDAROS °N IHE RE8UIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES ?n.TU?2r SS.;?1"*1- "SIE "EATHbNT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE J?RcI?! STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION £P nT.'nJIi™ *N° AN*EROfllC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B DISPOSL OF nY ?AT? C I^rcc'a41- MANUR£ IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON FELD TES?£ nf n.InflmS nttr16!,*" *ER4IED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS BOO COD OX ST5o? £F TH*F iiw JS JiiV TCH" 'N CUNFINEME*T SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXYGE fl*° MSTt SlS?n«r JVI.S {?,*,! 2c °ITCH T° ST«>LIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COLO CLIMAT CATTLE FEED?0? SA?« o,1.'?l™U2iE,S UTIL1ZING * "ODIFIEO PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH, SETTLIN THE EFFECT a? FFFn n?^triTr^n°RULCCy BYWORDS HYDROGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS 1NTEN TREATMENT n? y«f« «niC«JcAN? "*N»GEHENT "N THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE «!« LMM PERFO^.N?? T2EDL«AuItE FE"LUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT CHARACTER^ST?^ nF ISSIn,,? c^,S,?i™ OXIDAT'ON DITCHES AND L10UID MANURE STORAGE TANKS TYPICAL SiRlIT?n2t ASrnn^cS2LUII°N °F CATUE MANURE KEY"0»OS BOD PH REOOX-POTENTIAL mimE KoJJJ??? nFC?2?I!RE2.i?c™E ME»SUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND OF ANIMAL -ASm KE 2 ND CoSplSS?S^nl ANIMli 2i«?*S? OISPOSAL «Y SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD ANIMAL WASTE RUNnFF!2^nS2Ifc!ANAGEMENT KEYWOR°S RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-D AN SAL SAST!S - S Sim? ^?,,^InS SUALITr CHAL>-ENGE KEYWCRDS RUNOFF BOO POLLUTANT-IDE DESIGN FUR FEEDLSr 2«RF 2^2?.,?RU°LEM KEYk(OROS »00 CCO HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF n,i!i ?TV S!r»nTo; ""TORY AND CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-R SSK S=!=HHi2r SaaS 89 image: ------- JOO 71 0773 image: ------- ^UO 7J 1062 JOO 71 0269 JOO 71 0610 40J 71 0293 luu 7) 11VO IUU 71 1221 luu 69 OJ73 100 70 0340 100 70 1041 IOC 70 1237 200 73 1062 300 70 018? 400 71 029* 400 71 0350 400 72 113» 4oJ 73 1145 4oU 73 1160 6uO 69 1239 600 72 1074 100 70 0017 'luu 71 1212 101) 70 0094 300 72 1157 300 72 1157 2- "STES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO MPERATURE REGULATION IN CATTLE KEYWORDS CATTLE TEMPERATORE-CONTROL HUMID M.M.rr c 5LURWIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F THF rnJrSrnfr nURE*nJEN' KEYHORI:S LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP THF £2«m,n?t n! luc ?n *2 ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTt DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E rV?EF image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 200 66 010 69 0541 200 69 0543 •200 69 0544 200 69 05*5 2UO 69 0546 200 69 0547 200 69 0549 iOO 69 0550 200 69 0552 200 69 0554 200 69 0555 200 69 0556 20U 69 0537 200 69 0558 200 69 0559 200 69 0561 200 69 0562 200 69 0563 200 69 0564 200 69 0565 200 69 1116 200 70 0054 200 70 0219 200 70 0245 200 70 0670 200 70 0719 200 70 1175 200 71 0593 200 71 0605 200 71 0664 200 71 0665 200 71 0705 200 71 0709 200 71 0762 200 71 0771 200 71 0772 200 71 0773 200 71 0776 200 71 0779 200 71 0782 200 71 0764 200 71 0786 200 71 0788 200 71 0769 200 71 0795 200 71 OT96 200 71 0797 200 71 0801 200 71 0806 200 71 0814 200 71 0819 200 71 0820 200 71 0823 200 71 0826 200 71 0829 20U 71 0830 200 71 0833 200 71 0834 200 71 0836 200 71 0840 200 71 0846 200 71 0847 200 71 0851 200 TZ 1015 200 72 1018 200 72 1019 200 72 1021 200 72 1022 2uO 72 1023 200 72 102* 200 T2 1029 200 T2 1030 200 T2 105* 200 72 1192 200 73 1062 200 73 1082 200 73 1083 200 73 1189 CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CAITLE CATTLE CATILE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE COPROPH4GY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH MULE OF THE RENUERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA A$ RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIOUIO-W CATTLE FEELUOT RUNOFF NATUXE AND BEHAVIOK KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO CATTLE FEEULOT WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEOLCTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES ECONOMICS UF «ATE« POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOO COO DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLIO WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE CATTLE MANURE- REUSE THROUGH WASTELAGE FEEDING KEYWORDS FEEDS PERFORMANCES WASTELAGE CHARACTERISTICS UF AQUEUUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOO PH REDOX-P01ENTIAL HDLt OF EXCRETED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODIFYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEEOLOT WASTE KEYW RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL 8Y SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEECLOT WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NU PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM- FUTURE-TRENUS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS CATTLE WATER-POLLUTION FEEDL INDUSTRY AHO THE ENVIRONI»ENT-FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOS FEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FiEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOHI HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION Ml HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS W» CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDlOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN FEEULOT PCLLUTION CONTROL KEYWCROS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-* HOW TO GAIN PUBLIC SUPPORT KEYWORDS RUNOFF POLLUTION-ABATEMENT CATTLE STATUS,PLANS,6 NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH 0* MISSOURI S ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ADMINISTRA STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FeEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A STATUS UF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION C FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUN ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BYPRODUCTS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VIEWS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS HASTE-TREATMENT CAT MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS PCLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADI POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE UF POULTRY LITTER ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LAWS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LE61SL CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PtNS RUNOFF GROUNOWATER-FERTILI TV SOIL- ADVISORY GKOUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-OISPOSAL-F1ELDS SEPTIC-T A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY KITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATHtHATI BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUTION ft LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS COOKS ECONOMICS DRYING RU TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS A LAND RECYCLING LIOUID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLO MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS FEED CHARACTERISTICS OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS REMOVED FROM OUTDCOR,UNPAVED, BEEF CATTLE FEEDl EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TRE MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS -SPRINKLER-IRRIGAT A FARM SCALE DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MODERN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOCI LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LECAL-A ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE O GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FEED MICRO PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY MANURE SLURRIES K COMPOSTING DAJRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORUS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL UUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING COSTS OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINED CATTLE FE BEEF WASTES AND THE OXIDATION DITCH TODAY AND TOMORROW KEYWORDS AERATION CATTLE 800 W CHOP PRODUCTION AMD SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFEC'EO BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEOLCT WASTE WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FRUM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID. AND DRY DAIRY FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEPTCSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD PATHOGENI LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, AERATION-CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FA NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN KANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL STUDIES OF PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINA NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CAT1LE WASTES KEYWORDS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RL.NOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE PANAGEMENT KEYWORDS PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FK.UM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEECLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYhUKDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROltlNS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FRCM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORUS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEDLOT RUNCFF KEYWLWOS PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING MO THERMAL ENV1RDMENT DURING A FAL CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYRCLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SUL10-WASTES COSTS CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE KETORT-FEASIBIL I TY STUIJY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F 92 image: ------- )00 1077 100 HOS 100 30 1205 iGO 64 1110 IOO 67 0701 )00 67 0711 iOO 67 1249 !UO 68 1202 iOO 68 1209 tOO 69 0062 ICO 69 1060 ICO 69 1061 IOO 64 1180 iOO 69 1180 )00 69 1203 Jl/0 70 0208 )j'J Tit 0384 iOO 70 041* 300 70 07*3 100 70 1192 3uO 70 12*1 300 70 12*8 300 71 0*66 300 71 0915 300 71 0384 300 71 0624 300 71 0627 300 71 0692 900 71 0700 )00 71 1008 )00 71 1100 100 71 1246 JbO 71 1261 300 72 1085 300 73 1009 ••00 66 0354 •00 68 0015 • 00 68 0101 •00 70 0092 tOa 71 0264 WO 71 0686 4UO 71 0753 WO 71 1131 ".00 71 1172 400 71 1174 400 71 1196 4UO 72 1032 400 72 1136 400 72 1166 400 72 1173 400 72 1179 400 73 1007 400 73 1068 400 73 1158 400 73 1183 400 73 1191 500 71 1255 600 69 1006 600 69 1160 600 72 1004 600 72 1074 600 72 1148 600 72 1149 600 72 1153 600 72 1154 600 72 1156 600 72 1169 600 72 1177 600 72 1262 600 73 1065 600 73 1075 600 73 1147 300 71 0938 100 71 0307 400 65 0485 400 70 0029 100 72 1235 300 71 0466 100 69 0416 100 66 0087 400 71 0262 100 67 0230 100 68 0036 500 71 1254 200 66 0136 200 71 0851 400 71 1134 300 70 1084 300 71 1119 100 70 0342 100 72 1222 200 71 0860 200 71 0861 200 72 1021 200 72 1030 100 72 1199 300 67 1250 100 64 1200 100 69 1198 100 71 0454 CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE CATTLE • CATTLE-CONFINEMENT CATTLE-EGRET CATTLE-FEED CATTLE-FEEO CATTLE-FEEDLOT-RUN CATTLE-LOAO CATTLE-SLURRY CATTLE-WASTE CATTLE-HASTE CATTLE-HASTES CAUSATIVE CELLULOLYTIC-BACTE CELLULOSE CELLULOSE CELLULOSE CELLULOS1C-MASTES CELL-GROWTH CELL-MALL CENTR1FUGATION CENTRIFUGATION CENTRIFUGATION CENTRIFUGATION ' CENTSIFUGATION CENTYRIFUGATION CEREAL-CHOPS CER100APHNIA CCTRITUS CHANGE KEVtiQHD INDEX SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED KITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES RULE ANO REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA HATER-POLLUTION LSA«ET««?linL^INJUNt:TION T° "REVENT PQ1-'-UTION OF SPRING MTER i? CAT?LE I"wSSoS LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOCM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKlLL LAKES m^ NITRATETH^r,S0!UCULTURE K£Y"°ROS RUNa" RA1NFAU BACTERIA BOO COUFORMMSHK IrIir.V?nI«, i.rt ?c'NTWELL H*TER «»«UROS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS I"ILITy °F UNITE° STATES F°" "EGIIGENT APPLICATION 0' INSEetJci f« c UE. C°MPA"lf F"° L°T OPERAT0RS A*° "TILE OWNERS JOINT LIAB L n rro! LE FEEOLCT WASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF cn» rntl, L «iSOEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L Icsnl'nJ ~SUUJ'ON SIUOY KEy"ORU* CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN -feeOLOr POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN ".2F-i! ER« * >" SOEMEAN°K KEYWORDS NDRTH-OAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION ANIMAL WASTE KE.YWOROS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO T«e Ir?I"S?iSS S!UiLE-*N W*TER VOLUWE THO AN1H*L "ASTES PROf»-E KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW cl>ElfhC1PING CO*MERC'4L FEEDLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRR ni««. iS ?4Jf? BUA^ITY LANS *°" THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO iie?i « 5liNI>USTRIES 'N TE*AS AS *ELATED TO WATER OUAL1TY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS J = r!, „*!, „ TES *ND GROUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE FECAL RESIDUES FROM LARVICIOES—POULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA BORON llcl, ?E^LATIC"JS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANO MANAOEMEMT DECEMBER 1970 K n!f?I £,,DEI?YI> ATEO Poljl-m "STE TO DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIDS NITR DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A PRCTEIN SOURCE .FOR FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS FEED-IFFECIENCY R EiF,!eJn?f. F?E5=P595E5SING ON DIGESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEOLOTS M LIVESTOCK HASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL ANO CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R DETERMINATION ON, MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTL6 FEEOING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOM CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RU.40FF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES SALMONELLUS1S In CATTLE KEYWORDS PA1HOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS CATTLE FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON POND FUR MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PROOUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR SEEK DATA IN FEEOLOT RESEARCH KEYWORDS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEDLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOO CATTL HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DUMPS FAR NEW PROCESS CONVERTS CATTLE RUMEN TO FEEDSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-TREATMENT SUSPEN MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND SOLD AT A PROFIT KEYWORD FEEDLOT CATTLE MARKET-VALUE WAST FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE LIOUIO HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AflUIFEH CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEEO-L CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAHS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEOING IN NORTHERN CALfFORNIA KEYWORDS HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE NEW ODOR CONTROL PROOUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXVGEN NITROGEN «ln«JC!,.J[?!LI0 STOI> FEE°l-OT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM on „;,.,. I CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE ;2.I?U. AVE T0 MOVE IH °* CAN vou LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WA'ST ESS. US ENT IN ARIZONi KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS DISEASES OF FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-DISEASES CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WATER- HYPOTHALAMIC TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN CATTLE KEYWORDS CATTLE TEMPERATURE-CONTROL HUMID CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEEO-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF OISS CORRELATING OIL ANO ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEEO-LOTS AIR- DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYwOROS GROUNOWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES I MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWOROS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWOROS WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FCR BEEf CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUrtE APPLICATIONS KEYHORDS APPLICATION-METHODS ' DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYHORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL CLIMATE ANU THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYHOKDS CLIMATES FEEO-LOTS EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL ANO PLANT TISSUE KEYWOROS THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FCR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULT1MATE-DISPU CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES F*OM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF QUALITY-CO ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM HELIOTHIS-ARMIGERA AND ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE- DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLCT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN- INFILTRATION RATES ANO GROUNDWATE* QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYWORDS BOD COD VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES REGRES WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE Tl-f CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION ANO POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROb OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT CF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIKY CATTL iisTsl KE?W0"S FEED EM TRASH, CUT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE BRUSH-CONTROL FARM-WASTES RECYCLING PR CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERA?^ SEW«£-"uDGE OIL 15 v TRSTD?GEt?iI?L!TYSSFCr!;FM^i r'ST,ES FOR CLEAN WATER ANO FOR "i"i»u[ PROTE!N PR IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY-TREATED FECES KEYWORDS DIGFSTItlN CCOMCUTIT ink PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR AMKAL PROTE1NSKEYMOROS D?GES? 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I C. IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF wATEK ALLOCATION KEY* POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES PUULTKY ENVIRONMENT At EFFEC EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION OH BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND UF STEER EXCKEtA KEYWORDS il THi PSUBLfcM OF DISPOSAL OF FAKM PASTES WITH PAK1ICULAK REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOU f MANURt DECOMPOSITION ANU FATE OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SC1LS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FEHIIL KECUCIIUN UF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FARM OXIDATION VAT KEYWORDS AE THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO CUMPCJSTIN AEttOBlC-DIGESTIONt COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYHOKDS AERATION WINDROW-METHUD PME INVESTIGATIONS OH FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE DEGRA TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOI THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCUB MIXTURES DESIGN ANU OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOK COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD 000* WAS1 ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BCD CCO SLUHK1ES DISPOSAL ODOR ST MACERATION. FUR DISPOSAL CF DEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EQUIPM MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION KANAGEM CDMPUST1NG KEYWORDS ARTIFICIAL-USE HUMUS AEROBIC-CONDITIONS COMPOSTING MICH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING KITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILISERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MAKKET-VALU ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERT1LI2ERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS UENE FAKM HASTE DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATEU-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LAND-DISP CANADA ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PROUUCTION DESIGN M MAXI-MUING FUR MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL AEKOBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROtt GAS PROOUCTIUN FROM BEEF CATTLE MASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES ODD COMPOST AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE'S FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNO PCULTHY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A A COMPUTER PROGK-AM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL UF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWUKOS COMPUTER-MOD A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TRE MODELING FEEOLOT KUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS cou DISCHARGE HYOROCRAPHS CONCENTRATION s RAPID CONCENTRATION OF STRONGYLE EGGS FROM EQUINE FECES FOR IN VITRO STUDIES KEYWORDS EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON Ih£ GAS CONCEnTRATIQN IN A PART- SLATTED PIGGERY KEYWORDS EFF A KAP1D AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT STATUS REPORT ON HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL HASTES IN THE PROVI THE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN HATER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DOT SOURCES CONCENTRATION ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEHOB[C-TREATMENT WASTE-T OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MARtK S D€HAURING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEWATEIUNG VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC ANU ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE L1PNOLOGY CF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASIES KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES ANU RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPCSAL CF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOIS SURFACE-RUNOFF DI5S WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES HATER-QUALITY SO SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL HANDLING) STORAGEi AMD TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K IDENTIFICATION OF CASES IN A CONFINEMENT SWINE bUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGA TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOI POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AMD FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE DISPO SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEECLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTEO-FLOORS MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABOR IN FREE-STALL AND LOOSE HOUSING KEYWORDS CATTLE CONFINEME HATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAY ASSIST UITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION UITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATIUN DITCHES IN CONFINEMENT SwINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXVGE ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CDNF1N ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEK061C-TREATMENT COSTS CONFINEMENT SHINE HOUSING - SPACE REQUIREHENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE'SEA CONFINEMENT SHINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS RE1NFORCED-C STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FASH ANIHAL WASTES IN THE PROVI HATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES INFLUENCE UF SPACE ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYH090S CONFINEMENT-PENS WEIGHT-GA CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS UITH OXIDATION D11CHES ANU LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT 6EEF BUILDING KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOD COD COSTS CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWCROS ODORS COD CONFINEMENT-PENS CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS USING SOLID-STATE CONTROLS KEYHORD CONFI CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PKOPEfUlES OF PIG MANURE KEYHORC FEED BIOCHEMICAL OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT BEEF HUJLUING KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-PDLLUTANTS GL ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINEME THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU GUIDELINES TO LANO REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLUTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS SILAG HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTATING SW1N6 KEYwCRD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-OUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS RESULAT INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUN AGRICULTURAL WASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURE MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES ShINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS MINIMIZING THE rtASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL CUSTS CCJNF tMEftEMT ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FAXK-HaSTES MITHUGEN-COMPOLINDS MA EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES AND ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY KEYWORDS TR6MM.E CATTLE FEEULOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNCFF G8CUNDWATER-FERTIL1TY SOIL- SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORUS RUNOFF IRHIC-H IGN-POACl ICES FIfcLD-iPREADING CONFINEME ALTERNATIVES FOR HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES -CONFIMEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT A. LAND RECYCLING UOUJC PANURE SYSTEM FOR A LAR5E-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLO image: ------- 200 n U779 iOO 71 0760 200 7L 0784 200 71 0786 ,200 71 0603 '200 71 0819 MENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS COVFINEMENT-PENS Ca.\FINEMtM-P£NS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CUNFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINEMENT-PENS CONFINMENT CO.NGRE5S CONIFEROUS-FORESTS CONNECTICUT CONSERVANCY-DISTRI CONSERVATION CONSERVATION CONSTRUCT CONSTRUCTION-COSTS CONSTRUCT ION-METHU CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTIVE-USE CONTACT-TIME CONTAMINATED CONTAMINATION CONTAMINATION CONTAMINATION CONTENT CONTINUOUS -CORN CONTINUOUS-FLOW CONTINUOUS-REACTOR CONTINUOUS-REFUSE- CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL KEYWORD INDEX EVALUATION OF bEEF FEEDICT kASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TRE THE WASTE PATTERN W BEEF CATTLE CN SLATTED FLOORS KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS COHfINEHENT-PEN A FARM SCALE UAIKV HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MOCERN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLV URBAN SOCI MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING COSTS Ot MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINEO CATTLE ft REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK WASTE-INDUCED PKOBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEEU-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CROP-PROOUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE I.ASTE KEYHOROS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMMONIA N FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWCROS CONFINEMENT-PENS BCD CCD RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO RULES ANU GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROML1VESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL ROTOR AERATION OF SHINE HASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PS SWINE HOUSING AND HASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEH KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PtNS AEROBI MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FESDLCT WASTES KEYWORDS CONF1NEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HCG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND KEYWORD SETTLING- RULES FOR CONFINEO FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN fOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYHOROS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTIO DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL HASTES KEYWOKDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATEH-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLCT KEYWORDS SODIUM ESG-SHELLS EFF-OtlALlTY EGG-PRDUUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LCTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-HASTES CATTLE CONFINEMENT FEEDING PrtOS, CONS. AND TIPS KEYHOROS KUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES OAIRY-INDUSTRY CO CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGCON TREATING SWLNE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS bOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL DOOR ST WATER POLLUTION ANU THE FARMER KEYWORDS RUNOFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE CO ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USER CONNECTICUT RtaulREMENTS FOR LlflUlO MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS REGULATIONS POLLUTANTS C CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS EMYIRONMENTAL-SANI AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SOI ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FDR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS THF ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO AMMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO THF EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRRIGATED-AGR1CULTURE IN THE COLORADO-RIVER-BASIN INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FCR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATER AND HUMAN-INFECTION KEVW GROUNDHATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN BARNYARD GRCUNOWATER CONTAMINATION AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEY.OKOS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOH1N BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN KANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITRD6EN ECONOMIC RETURN FRCM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR HAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TC OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULIU CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES PUULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SWINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL K GASES AND ODORS FRCM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IDEM SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISLATION CON1ROL OF ODORS THKOUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS OOCRS POULTRY HATER-CONTENT CONTR POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYHOROS SILAG TECHNICAL AND LEGAL, CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL UF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PROVl THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM tiff CATTLE NDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLCT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOM1 THF KANSAS ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS MA CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION HAS THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-* MINNESOTA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULAT STATUS.PLANstt NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SCUTH OA STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS .KEYWORDS STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A STATUS OF NOHTH UAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FRDM A.MIMAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION C FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYHOROS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-ACENCIES RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FtEDLUT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BYPRODUCTS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWQKOS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI CONTROL OF HATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEOLDTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATI HATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEULOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILISER NUTRIE ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS SOALS EMVIRONMEMAL-OUALITY COSTS B POLLUTION-CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO SHOULD MAKE THEM KEYWORDS INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS LEGISLA AGRICULTURAL-BENEFITS FRCM URBAN POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATHEN IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL HASTES K6YHORUS LAWS PERMITS ODOK LOCAl-GOVERNMENTS REGULA MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR INIML WASTE CCNTKOL KEYWORDS Lf.CAl-ASPECTJ STANDARDS RffiULATI PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS RESULA TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOMINIST PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KIYWORCS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION CRYING SO BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-OILUTION * METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF MALOOORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS C CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM COSTS OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS CF WATE-i POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CONFINEO CATTLE FE AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS OOORS EMIUtO FRCM LICUIO SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS K AGRICULTURAL AND RELATEC WASTES CONTROL KEYHOROS HASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTKOL OF HATER POLLUTION FRBHLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS'JOINT LtA&ILI HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD CO RIVERS WATER-8UALITY STREAM THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO 98 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 300 70 0*90 SCO 70 1192 SCO 70 12U1 !uO 71 0301 00 71 0674 00 71 0700 00 71 0309 uO 71 0456 00 71 1135 500 70 0397 <>UO 73 1181 1UO 65 0470 300 69 0638 400 71 OSOi 100 70 0013 300 70 0491 200 70 0747 200 71 3662 300 71 1061 100 Tl 0695 200 68 0760 100 71 1214 200 71 0811 700 70 0231 200 71 0281 100 70 0023 200 66 0115 200 66 0147 200 66 0148 300 67 1250 200 69 0173 200 70 0222 200 71 0778 300 70 0204 300 70 0475 4uO 73 1073 600 72 1177 600 73 1065 100 70 0421 300 67 1250 200 69 0196 200 69 0708 300 69 0004 100 66 0290 100 70 0019 200 66 0151 200 66 01S2 200 66 01S6 300 70 0743 400 71 0267 400 71 0267 400 71 0904 100 65 0366 100 66 0347 100 70 0047 11/0 70 0340 100 70 0342 100 70 0368 100 70 0510 100 70 1194 100 71 0574 100 71 0680 100 71 1047 200 69 0157 ,200 69 0186 ZOO 69 02OO 200 69 0202 200 69 0427 200 70 0114 200 70 0234 200 70 0235 200 70 0243 200 70 0245 200 70 0246 200 70 0247 200 70 0250 200 70 0253 200 70 0321 200 71 0274 200 71 0283 200 71 0610 200 71 0816 200 71 0818 200 71 0819 200 71 0820 200 71 0839 200 71 0846 200 71 0850 200 71 1094 200 73 1062 300 69 0006 300 70 0206 300 70 0384 300 71 0704 400 66 0068 400 70 0097 400 70 0111 400 70 0151 400 70 0357 400 71 0267 CONTROL CONTROL CUNTKOL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTRUL CONTKOLLEO-ENVIROH CONTROLLING CONTROLS CONTROLS CONTROL-OF-FLIES CONTROL-PROBLEMS CONTROL-SYSTEMS CONVENTIONAL-HANUL CONVERSION CODLING COOLING COPPER COPPER COPPER COPROLOGY COPROPHAGCUS-BEETL COPROPHAGY COPROPHAGY COPROPHAGY CORES CORN CORN CORN CORN CORN CORN CORN-FIELD CORN-FIELD CORN-ROOTWORM CORRALS CORRELATION-ANALYS CORRELAT10N-ANALYS CORROSION CORYNEFORM COST COST COST COST COST COST COST COST COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS COSTS 'N RETU"N-FLOW FROM IRRIGATED AREAS A DEMONSTRATION-PROJECT KEYWORDS «IER aUALITY L»"S FOR IHE "EDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- «?* CT KEV"°ROS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE n n.n»R S "*6 CONfINED ""I"4"- FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULAIION FEDE LVESnr? w??TR nr^cJ" ?4NURE MAN«CEM*N T KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-ORY1NG-MANURE LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL ANO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF TRY ?nLKffp"nl;n^Y H°USE EXHAU" OD°RS KEYWORDS ALTERS DUST WA? ER-IpRArCON?ROL POUL TRY TO KEEP OOORS UNOER CONTROL KEYWORDS ODORS CONTROL ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE HOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS 2!?2iS ¥S.TE«?nESc«»*S«CUtTU**L "TER FROM CCMTROL of "UATIC AND BANK WEEDS KEYWOR rShJSm i ?*J nrn°c*EVEk SEE ™E SE* KEYuaRUS REC IRCULATED-WATER SALMON RHODE-ISLAND nnnJ ?hLING 0°°RS FROM C'TUE fEEOL°TS «OSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DES GN-CRITERI P nALc W STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING ANO OISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS- EOUIPM oo?Lf RMn"AnTES KElflREE-STALL-HOUSING EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON FROM THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KtYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F image: ------- 500 70 0409 JUO 71 1056 /UO 69 0199 200 70 1113 100 71 10b6 700 72 1049 ZOO 69 0158 200 71 0733 100 71 0828 JOO 70 1192 300 71 0752 100 73 1162 100 70 1090 100 65> 1091 400 71 0315 400 73 1063 400 73 1068 400 71 0293 400 72 1138 200 71 0617 100 63 1064 3oU 70 1104 600 «9 1006 *00 71 0612 100 64 0345 100 69 0037 100 71 0582 100 71 0571 200 71 0775 200 71 0856 300 71 0412 300 1077 100 70 0417 100 70 1227 200 68 0724 200 71 0798 200 71 1252 300 49 1210 300 68 1122 500 71 1072 luO 62 1220 200 71 0828 200 72 1029 300 7( 1035 300 71 1035 100 70 0048 100 70 0340 100 70 1037 200 71 0648 200 71 0826 200 71 0828 200 71 0831 200 71 0833 200 71 0853 600 71 0271 JOO 69 0174 600 72 1169 100 70 0024 200 72 1152 100 65 1079 100 68 0502 600 72 1169 700 72 1049 100 70 0018 100 71 1212 300 70 1101 500 71 12S4 500 71 1254 100 69 1198 300 70 04S5 200 69 0162 200 71 1234 200 71 0833 100 73 1162 300 71 1126 400 72 1166 300 71 1119 200 71 0771 100 67 0713 100 65 0346 100 67 0713 100 69 0030 100 69 0445 100 71 0450 200 66 0134 200 68 0694 200 69 0056 200 69 0167 200 69 0201 200 69 0202 200 69 0522 200 69 0524 200 69 0706 200 70 0221 200 70 0222 200 70 0227 200 71 0665 200 71 0782 200 71 0792 200 71 0806 COSTS CUST-ALLOCATION COST-ANALYSIS COST-ANALYSIS COST-ANALYSIS COST-ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT-K4TIO COST-COMPARISONS COST-COMPARISONS COST-SHARING COST-SHARING COTTUN COUMAPHUS COUMAPHUS-ORAL-DRE COM CONDOMINIUM COWMEL COW-MANURE COW-TOILET CO-OPEXTENSION-SEU CO-HAL CKABS CRANIOTOMY CREDIT CREEK-MATER CRITERIA CRITERIA CROP CROP CROP CROP CROPLANDS CROPS CROPS CROPS CROPS CROPS CROPS CROPS CROPS CROP-PRODUCTION CROP-PRODUCTION CROP-PRODUCTION CROP-PRODUCTION CROP-PROOUCTION-TE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-RESPONSE CROP-UTILIZATION CROP-YIELD CROSS-INFECTIONS CROWDING CRUDE-PROTEIN CRUDE-PROTEIN CULTIVATION CULTIVATION CULTURES CULTURES CULTURES CULTURES CULTURE-MEDIA CURRENTS-WATER CURRENT-TECHNOLOGY CUTLOCK CVANOPHYTA CVCLING CYCLING-NUTRIENTS CYCLING-NUTRIENTS CYCLING-NUTRIENTS CYTOLOOICAL-STUDIE CZECHOSLOVAKIA D DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY DAIRY KEYWORD INDEX ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES H AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF MATER ALLOCATION KEYMO RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED NET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD AEKATEU LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-HAS AN ANALYSIS OF IHE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYHO ECONOMICS UF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS WATER-OUAL1TY COST-BENEFIT-RATIO ENV1RONMEN ALTERNATIVES FUR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE 8V DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TRIAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P IMPLICATIONS OF WATER OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLCT WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS COUMAPHUS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS TOXICITY OF UKOPPINGS FRCM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS IF COW MANURE BREAKS DOWN DOT KEYWORDS COW DDT NEW FCEDLOI CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE NCW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE SODIUM EGG-SHELLS tFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ADMINISTRAT TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS USH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY HYPUTHALAMIC TEMPtKATURE RtOULATION IN CATTLE KEYWORDS CATTLE TEMPERATURE-CONTROL HUM10 PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 10 FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE BUVINE-SALMONELLOSIS ASSOC IATED' W I TH CONTAMINATED CREEK-WATER AND HUMAN-INFECTION KEYW WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-OUAlITY-ACT BOD PHOSP CRITERIA NEEDED TO DESIGN ANIMAL OUARTERS FOR COMFORT AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS AIR-8 EFFECT OF METHOD Of MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELDS, NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS 4FFECTEO BY RAINFALL INTENSITY, GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY WASTES KEYWORD FERTIL THE INFLUENCE OF ASHED POULTRY MANURE ON SOIL, SNAPBEANS, AND TOMATOES KEYWORDS CROP SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER F6EOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILISERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATERS MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FRCM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES DISPOSAL OF 6EEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PKOOUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA I THE ROLE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE NITROGEN N AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYWORDS FERT1LIZER-REOUIREMENTS CR CROP PRODUCTION AND SOU ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SC1L CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0 GROWING COKN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL OF LIOUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER NITRA CROP YIELDS FRUM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUkE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS ROOEN PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS CF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POUtTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU SALMONELLA SPP AND SEROIYPES OF CSCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALWORM CO EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER CUALITY UF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS- ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BECOMES A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS ODOR GAS6S LAGOONS RE THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY CF A PLND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYNOKDS FERTILIZATION CRO PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHCSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCARECUS SOU KEYWORDS SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABCRAIORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYhCRCS bORUN NUTRIENT-HE4UIRENEN HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE TREATMENT OF AOUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWOROS D COD CATTLE NITRO LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BOD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWORDS C COD CAT1LE NITKO TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIODEGRAUATION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-lil EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALAND EFFLUENT NITRATE AND SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND-WATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS CF 1 WO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYW THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NCVEL B1CLCGICAL PROCESS FUR TREATING DAUY WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AERATICN TtMPERATURE ODOR COO LOADIN ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FO* D«UY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST FUTURE-TRENDS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COST I HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER WATE THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROT WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPT1C-T MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKltK-URIGAT CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF HALQDOKS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C 100 image: ------- 200 11 0836 ZOO Tl OBiO 400 6". 0358 4UU 71 0731 cUO 72 1156 100 6i 0344 100 68 1229 200 69 oiaa 100 70 OJ84 4UO 65 0332 400 70 0357 100 68 1229 ijO 70 1040 100 70 1090 100 70 1Z27 100 11 1214 too 72 im ICO 73 1087 200 68 1187 iOO 70 0755 201) 71 060* iOO 71 1095 300 46 1208 JOO 71 0732 400 73 1168 41,0 73 117S 6C.U 72 1004 6UO 72 1148 100 65 0331 200 66 0135 200 69 0552 JUG 70 0054 300 46 1207 300 49 1210 '300 68 1202 • 3uO 68 1209 300 70 0073 300 46 1207 400 68 0038 , 100 6-4 1200 ' 1UO 6-4 1200 1 200 71 0841 : 200 64 1241 100 71 IZ13 300 67 0711 600 71 0272 IOO 71 1039 200 66 1112 300 72 1052 100 72 1222 100 71 1213 100 62 1220 100 7G 1111 2UU 11 0216 200 71 0280 200 71 1094, 300 72 1260 400 71 0293 400 71 0315 500 70 0395 400 70 0396 . 200 69 0520 1300 72 1157 ;200 T2 1015 ' 200 TO 1050 ' 100 Zt> 1204 '400 65 0439 200 71 1252 300 46 1208 100 71 1120 200 71 0809 300 71 0514 400 71 0305 500 TO Q4QO 500 TO 0401 200 Tl 0828 300 64 1110 100 64 1200 100 66 0063 IOO 67 0501 200 66 0587 200 TZ 1023 600 12 1156 JOO 11 0629 100 70 0020 200 71 0848 300 70 0211 400 71 0504 100 65 0470 100 71 0748 200 69 0055 290 69 0186 200 70 0715 iOfl 71 06S1 2(jfl 71 06S6 200 11 0766 200 71 07B3 200 71 1096 300 70 0204 300 70 0209 KEYWORD INDEX CMRY NITROGEN TRANSFORM*!]ON CURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFICAT10N Of DAIRY CATTLE Hi DAIRY THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING CRIED POULTRY WASTE IN THE FEED CF LAVING HENS KEYWORD RECYC DAIRY TREATMENT Uf FIRM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS bOD VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-HATER DAIRY DISPOSING UF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES OAUY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER OISPO DMHY SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZE* PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE THE COLLECTION Of MANUrtE FROM HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLATTEC-FLOOHS OX OAIKY-CAtTLE ANAEROBIC LAGOOM TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS OAIHY-CATTLE PROBLEMS ANC PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS Of MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS OURY-CAtTLE tHE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOIUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PC DAIRY-CATTLE HOW WB HANDLE HOUID-KANUHE KEYKOROS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL OAtRY-CAtTLE FROM THE AtS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC LiAIRY-INDUSTRY ANAEROBIC LAGCON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS UAUY-INCUST*Y STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES liY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY AGSICULTUR4L LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION UAIR.Y-INUUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS OF M1LMNO CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FRO* NEW YCRK. STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR DAIRY-INDUSTRY ENRICHMENT UF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE OA1RY-INDUSTRY THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANASE DAIRY-INDUSTRY FEEDLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISFOSAL DAIRY-INDUSTRY STATUS OF OAIKY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT ANO H/kNAGEMEKT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUS!* DAIRY-INDUSTRY HIULOGJCAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL CUA11TY KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY SHEEN V MCCLQUD ACTION TO ENJUIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WA16R-PO DAIRY-INDUSTRY CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-INDUS! DAIRY-INDUSTRY CALIFORNIA WAiTE PONOS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGAT1UN-STORAGE-PONOS LEACHING DAIRY-INDUSTRY ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO DAIRY-INDUSTRY CORRELATING UIL ANO OOORCUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-INDUSTRY DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS GROUNDWAFER-POLLU1ION FARM-WASTES I DAIRY-MANURE DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES REURCULATEO-W DAIRY-MANURE TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOD LABORATORY TE DAKOTA STATUSfPLANS.E NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH OA DAKOTA POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS DAMAGES FAIRES V OUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES DAMAGES MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOK PULLUTION Of A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D DAMAGES UWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF 1NSECTICI DAMAGES ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY fEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI DAMAGES STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS OODR NOISE LAWSUITS OAHA DAMAGES-LEGAL-ASPE FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES DAMS PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONOS KANSAS WATER-QUALITY-ACT OAHS *UNO ClAPHNIA PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF E5THWAITE OAPHNIIDAE PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLACOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE DARIY SHORT TERM AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FDR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRRI UASYTRICHA PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUNEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI DATA A COMPUTER PR06RAM FDR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- DATA IHE NITRATE HAZARD IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS HtLL-REGULATIONS PERCOL DATA A DOSING-SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-HATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN DATA-COLLECTIONS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS DATA-COLLECTION CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO DATA-COLLECTIONS EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TC SOILS ON SURFACE ANO GRCUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS UATA-1NTERPRETAUQ PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FDR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA DATA-PROCEDDING A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACT^RIA ENTERIC- DOT WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES DDT POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLQRINATEO-HYCROCARBON-PESTICIOES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI DDT THE SPDRTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TOXICITY BIOLOG DDT PESTICIDES KEYN3R05 COT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES DDT AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTI ON—SOCIO-6CONUMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SO ODT NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES UF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ DOT SODIUM EGG-SHtLLS EFF-OUALITY EGG-PHOUUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K OOF IF COW MANURE BREAKS DOWN DDT KEYWORDS COW DOT DOT CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN OUT DIELDRJN INSECT-CONTROL DOT THE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN WATER ANO ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWCROS DDT SOURCES CONCENTRATION OEA.O-ANIHAL-OISPOS DEAD-ANIMALS AND HOW THEY CONTRIBUTE TO POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS DEAD-AN DEAD-BIRD-DISPOSAL CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M OE&RIS-»AS1N DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R DECISION-MAKING THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI Dftl-SIONS OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GIMUN6 STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN bUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC OECOMPOSING.-CRGANI NITRATE POLLU1ION Of WATER KEYWORDS WAIER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GRDUNUWATER SURFACE-WATERS DECOMPOS1NG-ORGAN1 GREEN V MCCLDUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO OECOMPO.SING-ORGANI SOURCES Of PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM ANO NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOKi CENTRAL NSW JERSEY STR DECOMPOSITION ENiYME FACILITATED MICROBlAt DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOTMANURE KEYWORDS BOD AMINO DECOMPOSITION FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES ANO ANTIBIUTICS—bEEF CATTLE KEYWORUS DECOMPOSITION DISE DECOMPOSITION RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION MANURE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE Of BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOILS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERT1L DECOMPOSITION MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE Of DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN NATES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL M DEEP-TILLAGE DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANWU 91 DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS OEEP-T ILLAtiE COST-COMPARISONS tSOP-P DEFINITIONS LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATEH BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTXOPH1CAMON ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES DEFORESTATION PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AUB C.IDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITt DEGRADATION SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RAD DEGRADATION INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSTING POULTRY-MAKURtS KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OEGRA DEGRADATION HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND M-THYL KERCAfTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGH4DATIO DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE ANO SUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-P»OP£HU£S DEGRADATION-OECONP SEEPAGE LOSSES ANO FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORCS DEHYORATEO-FECES THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTES OPW DN THE PERFORMANCE DEHYORATED-PDULTRV EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING OEHYORATED POULTRY WASTE O1 QUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS DU DEHYDRATED-POULTRY DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE OPW AS A FEEDSTUFF IN POULTRY RATIONS KEYWORD RECYCLING NU DEHYDRATED-POULTRY THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYORATED-PGULtRY-WASTE ON PRODUCTION! FEEO-EFFICIENCY, SOOY-WEI DEHYORATING-POULTR COST OF OEHYORATINS POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELf-LlFE FERTILIZERS EOUIPMENT COST OEH DEHYDRATION CONTROLLING DOORS FROM CATTLE FEECLCTS AND MANURE OEHYCKATIUN OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG DEHVORATION THE ELIMINATION OF OODR FROM THE EFFLUENT GASES OF CHICKEN HANURE DRYING PLANT KEYWORD DEHYDRATION MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM DEHYDRATION MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER, POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING OROiS-PHOfIT DEHYDRATION OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC DEHYDRATION ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-1REATMEN DEHYDRATION MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INC1NERAI1UN RE DEHYDRATION SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AMD ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY DEHYDRATION. SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR ORY DEHYDRATION ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES K6YWQKOS OtHYCRATION LANO-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO DEHYDRATION POULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS ANU SOLUTIONS KEYwORlS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO DEHYDRATION THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS, OEHYORAU 101 image: ------- 30J 71 062b 300 71 0630 300 71 1106 . 300 72 1157 JUU It Hal 400 71 0313 oOO 71 0*97 300 53 1206 7uJ 70 10*6 1^0 65 0263 lufl 66 0437 100 71 0304 iUO 71 0787 300 72 1085 300 70 0*« 100 65 026) 1UO 6i 1219 100 70 0021 100 70 0050 200 69 0179 200 70 0218 200 70 0727 200 70 0737 200 71 0818 200 71 0824 iOO 71 0827 200 71 0830 1.0(1 71 0838 iOO 71 0839 200 71 1033 300 70 0*87 300 71 0639 300 71 1058 400 69 0016 400 73 1073 400 73 1181 600 69 1239 700 70 1256 700 72 10*8 300 70 0208 600 73 1075 100 71 1Z28 200 70 1115 300 66 U22 300 68 07*1 100 70 0019 200 69 0*82 200 72 1018 200 72 1019 300 49 1210 300 68 0741 100 70 009* 300 69 0002 300 70 0*86 100 68 0500 100 70 0*58 100 71 0582 100 71 0721 100 71 0729 210 66 0138 200 69 0163 200 69 01B3 200 69 0*26 200 70 0219 200 70 0244 200 70 02*6 2DO 70 02*7 200 70 02*8 200 71 0597 200 71 0767 200 71 0822 300 69 0006 300 71 0590 300 72 1157 600 69 1005 600 71 0272 100 62 0*99 100 65 0366 100 69 0353 100 71 0266 100 71 1232 200 69 0756 200 70 0241 200 70 02*7 200 70 07*7 200 70 1113 200 71 0733 200 71 07*0 300 71 0*86 300 71 0752 300 72 1003 400 70 0092 500 68 1259 50O 70 0*01 200 69 0*23 200 70 0252 600 72 1001 200 69 0159 600 71 0*96 100 70 0026 DEHYDRATION DEHYDHAT I UN DEHYDRATION DEHYCMAT I ON DEHYDRATION DEHYDRATION uErtYURATIOM DELAWARE UF.LAWARE OEMANO DEMAND DEMAND DEMAND DEMAND CEMINEKALIZATION DEVITRIFICATION DEMTRIHCATION DEVITRIFICATION UENITRIF1CATION DENITRIFICATIUN DENITRIFICATION DEVITRIFICATION UEMITRIFICATIUN DfNITRIFICATION OENITR1FICAT10N DENITRIFICATION OENITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATICN DENITRIFICATION UENITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION UENITRIFICATION UENITKIFICATION DENITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION OENITRIF1CATION-CO DENITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION DENSITY DENSITY DENTRIFICATION DENTRIFICATION DENTKIFICATIUN DENVER DEODORANTS DEOXYGENAT10N OEPARTMENT-OF-ENVI DEPARTMENT-OF-ENVi DEPRECIATION OEPT DEPTH DEPTH DESALINATION DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-CRITERIA DESIGN-DATA DESIGN-DATA DESIGN-EQUATIONS DESIGN-STANDARDS DESOftPUON DETECTION KEYWORD INDEX THE METABOLIZEABLE ENERGY VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY OR E J BENNE KEYWO MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGSICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN H BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING WET AND DRIED PCULTRY FECES KEYWORDS TYPES OF MANURE DRYERS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION EOUIPMENT DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING KASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC REKOVAL OF PLANt NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS HASTE PROPERTIES Of FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES BIQOEGRAOATION BIOCHEMICAL STATE OF THE ART REVIEW TREATMENT ANU DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL OXV IMPACT UF FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTIOM AND PROCESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS SOI CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS DISTILLATION OF WASTEWATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOR ARID-REGIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT-REUS REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE NITRATES IN THE EmVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AERATION, AND SOIL PH ON SCIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AN TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLDI CHANGES IN COMPOSITION UF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES WIIH IN-THE-bUILOING OXIDATION DIT EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY BIOLOGICAL OENITRIFICA THE ECONOMICS OF SWINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBIllTY AERUBIC-TRE AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIQUID ANO SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS BIODEGRADATION NITRIFIC A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE WATER RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N ANU SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSEO MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFICATI ON OF DAIRY CATTLE MA AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN OF FARM WASTE KEYWORD DENITRIF[CATION ACTIVATEO-SLUOGE C NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR NITRATE-REMOVAL FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATER KEYWORDS ALGAE CALIFORNIA OENITRIFICATION USING SOIL FILTRATION TU REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAOOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOM DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MOOEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND SROUNBWA FERTILIZERS AND FEEDLOTS - WHAT RCLE IN GROUNOWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES L.YS SALMON THAT NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER SALMON RHODE-ISLAND DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT SPKINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROB1CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC DRYING ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP CONTROL OF NITROGEN FRUN ANIMAL MASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS H» NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE ANO SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACU CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST DOOR-PANEL MASKING-AGENTS D THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD SROUNOwATER NUT EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FKOM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS MEASURE ANO ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL THE INFLUENCE Of AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRRIGATED-AGRICULTURE IN THE COLORADO-RIVER-BASIN ANAEROBIC LAGOONS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAEH USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN ANO OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA CRITERIA NEEDED TO DESIGN ANIMAL O.UARTERS FOR COMFORT AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWOROS AIR-C HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER ODOR RUNOF DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR MAST DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGCONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWOROS COD BOD TEMP DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, ANO MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE DESIGN FOR FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY ANO CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-P. THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SWINE ODOR CONF1NEMENT-CENS BUILDING DESIGN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN OASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILOlNGS STO. BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITlRI PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWOROS DISPOSAL ECUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANOMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWOROS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OES1 DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PASVE6R OXIDATION DITCH ON A LARGE SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DE THE MISSOURI APPROACH TO ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LAGOONS DESIGN IRRIGATION M CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN N FACILITY DESIGN KEYWOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-MASTES A DOSING-SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS DESIGN-CRITERIA SI LIOU1D HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE ODOR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT CF SWINt WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOD COD ODORS EQUIPMENT L CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS V.ITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWOKUS LABORATORY-ANIMALS HASTE-WATER-TREA SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL OESIGN-CRITERI ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTF MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT UESIGN-CRITER AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-MAS ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEBLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWQRDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITEKIA DISEASES OXIDATION-DIT ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLOT MASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION MA SEEK DATA IN FEEDLDT RESEARCH KEYMORUS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEDLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOO CATTL WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATION MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYWORDS DISPOSAL N 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-0 ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-CAT* METH INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING F1LTE? FOP SHINE MASTE KtYHOROS WASTt-TRtATMtNT AEROBIC-TREATM ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION—NOW AND IN THE YEARS AHEAD KEYWOROS LEGAL-ASPECTS UESIGN-STA OESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION A RAPID A'ID SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT 102 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 2uo 71 0836 100 72 119? 200 66 0144 200 69 0191 100 67 0079 500 70 0390 300 69 0632 300 69 0633 2(/0 66 QUO 200 66 0141 200 66 0142 200 71 0859 200 71 0860 100 64 0474 100 64 0345 IbO 70 0570 500 70 0395 300 70 1101 100 70 0367 300 70 0204 300 71 0621 3UO 71 0622 300 71 0628 100 71 0273 100 71 0513 100 60 1078 100 66 0422 100 66 0479 100 69 0066 100 69 0361 100 70 0020 100 70 0413 100 73 1086 100 73 1068 200 66 0129 300 70 0209 3OO 70 0210 300 71 0511 300 71 0512 400 71 0327 700 69 1067 500 71 1072 100 65 1079 1OO 71 0462 200 73 1062 200 73 1093 300 70 0213 300 72 1146 100 69 0045 100 65 0263 100 66 0422 100 68 0044 100 68 0306 100 66 0306 100 70 0342 100 70 0413 100 71 0261 100 71 0304 100 72 1215 100 72 1222 200 64 1241 200 69 0074 200 69 0184 200 70 0252 200 71 0838 30O 70 0206 300 71 0466 600 73 1075 200 66 0146 200 66 0147 200 69 0170 200 73 1062 100 65 0066 100 6$ 0378 200 66 0148 200 71 0603 200 70 0727 400 73 USB 100 73 1034 300 69 0633 300 70 0492 400 68 0032 300 71 1238 300 69 0004 300 69 0635 200 64 1241 100 71 1213 200 64 1241 100 63 1064 100 67 0104 200 69 0696 200 70 0216 100 72 1224 400 Tl 1196 100 62 0292 100 68 0036 100 69 0265 10O 69 0265 200 70 0234 200 70 0238 DETECTION DETECTION-LIMITS DETENTION-PO.NDS DETENTION-TIME DETERGENTS DETERGENTS DETERMINATION DETERMINATION UEWATERING OEWATEKING OEWATERING DEHATERING DENATURING DIAPHRAGM-PUMP DIARRHEA DIELOR1N DIEOFF-RATES DIET DIET DIET DIET DIET DIETARY-ANTIBIOTIC DIETHYISTILBESTROL DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIETS DIFFUSION UIGESTED-SLUOGE DIGESTIBILITY DIGESTIBILITY DIGESTIBILITY DIGESTIBILITY DIGESTIBILITY DIGESTIBILITY OIGEST1BIL1TY-COEF DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION DIGESTION-COEFFICI OIGESTION-COEFFICI DIGiSTION-COEFFICI DIGESTION-STALLS DIGESTION-TANKS DIGESTION-TANKS DIGESTION-TANKS DIGESTION-TANKS DIKES DIKES DILUTION DILUTION DILUTION DILUTION 01MENS10NAL-ANALYS DIMENSIONS DIOXIDE DIPLOCOCCUS OIPLOCOCCUS-PHEUHO D1PLODINIUM-ECAUDA DIPTEREX DISCHARGE DISCHARGE DISCHARGE DISCHARGE-HATER DISCHARGE-WATER DISEASE DISEASE DISEASE DISEASE DISEASE DISEASE EFFECTS °N "ATER OMLI1Y n ,nr REMOVAL IN SOME SO"- SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYDROGEN-SULFIDE SOIL- riiti? re '!*OGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN W4TER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS WAL TATIVE 06 ERMINA^n^ni'T^'"'5"1""-1" KEV"°RDS NIJTRIE»TS FERTILIZER DETERGE"" THF QUiNT^ATlIc ni?JIi? E OOOR SUALIIY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWOROS GAS-CHROMATO DEwa?FAmr ?! rEc£ IE£,,ocATi°N OF THE OOOR STRE*GTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE iliii! CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS OEWATER1NG VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD ? . L S1 ?Lf j§s.:F; -" B '---» EJ j ESSS sssssiS THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AMD LIOUID PARTS UF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SED1MEN OEWATEKING POULTRY MANURE BY CENTRIFUGATION KEYWORD CENTR IFOGATION OEWATERING POULTRY PROPERTIES ANU PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS NDIAPHRACM-PU^ ANO0?^,45^!60 "UH C°NIAH""TEO CREEK-WATER AND Hul^NFEC? ON KE W »prI£n'Rc °LE IN FLV CONTRUL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY 0V 1 «EIA??LipSM.OF. INSECT'CIUES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELDRIN INSECT-CONTROL NTROGEN ANU AMIMn 5r?n« ^ T ^ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT BnnR?uv n*,??.,J?i 'N ™E FECES OF YOUNG PIGS ""SWING * PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND D pom J«Y PMMM? ™ DPR°!LE"S AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET OOOR CO «RlJ E«FRl«IJ?i .RESEA"CH RESULTS KEYWORDS OOOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED THE MFT^nf ?P?T,?,:AL^rHIGAN STA" DIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYW ISlf nJ !'S™pEAnLr EnERGV VALUE °F DRIED " <""•"» "STE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION F?fA, »PN TOPLAN OR1ED-POULTRY-MANURE KEYWO nc mcr ? <" F0« RUMINANTS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT DIG HENS V4RIOI)S LEVELS OF COW MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION OF E °F PROTEIN 1NTAKE »ND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0 ,rnn MAV ASSIST W1TH "4STE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO IH! Rfl,,? np°^2n,^UnTRY"1"SIE AS ' F«DStUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATI I«?MA, yil™ »pMEp'2BTDRIED~POlJLTRY~''*STE TU LAYING HENS DN EGG-PRODUCTION AND FEED-CON * u^fn,,.? «l NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW rpn inUE| ™OM FEE° AOOITI«S POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS DIETS ANTIBIOTICS NITR AN?? PQUiTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DI SPOSAl DRIED-POULTRY H?mJi i»n Lt2lr h.cJpIE,!TO"AGE ANO LAND DIS(>OSA>- SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES StWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG N,,T« ,ltlSOf! °f DIFFERENr LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITRCGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS CQNT NUFil iprJn mr HP r!l5° F"AL COLLECTIC"« APPARATUS AND INDICATOR METHOD FOR STEERS MuJi^«n £ ° UE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS " *,??. ?JpnSnB'UITr °F POUl-TRY AI"D DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL- nIrcJfED,E^rIC1ENTLY 6Y ANIM»LS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PROT DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRA p*,«r " IENTS BV MEANS °F AEROBIC STADILUATION OF SLUDGE KEYWOROS WASTE n2 InM*^ OF,PEANUT H image: ------- 20. i luo Jo.l J656 0666 1051 1234 M 0<>J') 70 O2os M 05 11 JuO 71 0514 ji/o 70 040,? 100 69 0416 LUO /U 004? 11)0 7J 1164 ?00 66 0X13 2uO 6r 1243 300 10 1104 JuO 71 0496 40J 67 Oi36 100 t>H 0036 LOO 71 2vO 71 <:00 71 luO 70 200 71 UO 60 0059 100 65 0067 100 65 0331 100 6!) 0366 100 65 0470 100 66 0063 10!) 66 0478 100 68 0106 100 66 0306 100 68 0431 luO 69 0416 100 TO 0049 100 70 0051 100 70 0065 100 70 0089 100 70 0112 1UO 70 0368 100 70 OSLO 100 70 0578 100 71 0507 100 71 0680 100 71 0683 100 71 1229 ' 100 71 1228 200 66 011S 200 66 0122 200 66 0124 200 66 012S 200 66 0126 200 66 0127 200 66 0126 200 66 0129 200 66 0130 200 66 0131 200 66 0138 200 66 0139 2CO 66 0149 200 66 0151 200 66 0152 200 66 0154 200 66 0155 200 68 0724 200 69 0055 200 69 0172 200 69 0174 200 69 0176 200 69 0165 200 69 0423 200 69 0425 200 69 0427 200 69 0706 200 70 0219 200 70 0221 200 70 0234 200 70 0235 200 70 0236 200 70 0237 200 70 0237 200 70 0240 200 70 0242 200 70 024J 200 70 0245 200 70 0246 200 70 0247 200 70 0248 200 70 0249 200 70 0250 70 0253 70 0321 70 0324 200 70 0670 200 70 0715 200 71 0612 200 71 0614 200 71 06*0 200 71 0649 200 71 0666 200 71 0733 2UO 71 0769 200 71 0778 200 71 0784 200 200 200 UlSCASF. DISEASE UlSfASE DISEASE DISEASES DISEASES DISEASES DISEASES DISEASES DISEASES DISEASES DISEASE-HAZARD DISINFECTION DISINFECTION DISINFECTION DISINFECTION DISOLVEU-OXYGEN DISPERSION DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDEX FARM HASTES PUOLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS DOOR LEC1SLAT1 INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUT ION AIR-POLLUTION, SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS 01 INMAI wASTt RFUSE NUTR I Tl VE-VALUI AND POTENTIAL PR06LEMS FROM FE60 ADDITIVES A REVIEW FEU? miOttS F»UM HORMONE AND ANT.fll OTICS~«EF CAfTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION OISE DISEASE TRANSMISSION OF WATER-HORN ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY NATE « triinv Of V1MF 0 SEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C R U fill iSSSSieilch wSStF e»TTLI FKDlOli KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT ?" HP"? SANDAL WASTES ON SATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES FI™wti KKKSS is KJSKIKS sit \ E ST N I , S S* E ENTS ,H e-J-NpTOcFARM-WASTEyO,SPOSALoDKEYWOROSE^ u IM 2 7 Nr PALTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOO UK FERTILIZERS StU y!u y > «r rSp IIsTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT 2,'n'K Jr SflVrN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO AND MNSRE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERI USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F 1 PLANNING AND CHOKE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EF n l«n AD STORAGE CF FARM T E s P ° b i I S L N VMJBSIiL^iKkL-lSKi .RMS' ?SkHNIci? AND FINANCIAL ASS STANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE USs Ao£U?STRATION PROGRAMS 0 PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANC TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO L?veST5cK 21!" KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING SEPARAT L OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER UUALITY KEYWORDS FtRTIL IZATION SURFACE-R OF DUCK MSTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS DUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS S W«?E""IGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLIU-WASTES "STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL 0^ ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-N.OD DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOfF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO A F«S "S" oSlKY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE 'PR INKLER-IRftlGATION CONFINE 1Q4 image: ------- 200 71 0826 iji/ n o32ii 200 71 0829 20U 71 0830 '200 71 0834 2vO 71 0842 200 71 0851 300 46 120ft 3UU 65 0053 JUv> 6> 0710 JJU 67 1253 JuU 68 0352 300 69 0062 300 70 0*55 3u3 70 0592 iUO 71 0*57 JOO 71 0486 30CJ 71 0697 JOO 71 0700 400 64 0335 400 65 0356 400 66 0088 400 67 0336 400 69 0039 400 69 0*19 <<00 70 00*6 400 70 0069 400 70 0070 400 70 0111 400 71 0267 400 71 0329 400 71 0339 400 71 0349 400 71 0446 400 71 0568 500 6B 1259 500 70 0400 SCO 70 0*01 500 70 0403 600 71 0271 600 71 0493 600 71 0*95 700 68 0330 200 72 1015 2uO 71 0663 ZOO 69 0160 300 71 0319 400 71 0731 200 66 013* 100 69 L231 100 70 0051 100 70 1237 200 70 1113 200 71 0653 200 71 0654 200 71 1099 200 72 uoa 300 71 1055 300 71 1245 IOO 70 1237 200 69 0193 300 70 1192 600 69 1160 100 73 1087 300 70 0*92 100 62 0382 100 67 0079 100 69 0081 200 66 0124 200 TO 0250 300 JO 038* 300 46 12O8 100 68 0106 200 71 0615 400 7Z 1179 100 TO OOS1 100 71 O31B 200 69 OOT* ZOO 69 OOT8 200 69 0157 200 69 0143 200 69 0166 200 69 0180 200 70 0234 300 69 0093 600 70 0098 100 66 0296 400 69 0419 100 70 1233 300 1105 300 67 1249 300 63 1122 300 68 1123 300 70 0389 300 TO 1201 100 67 0079 lao 70 1217 100 71 048* 200 71 1252 300 46 1208 KEYWORD INDEX DISPOSAL CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED bY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLt HEEDLOT HASTE DISPOSAL • DISPOSAL DF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS OEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P DISPOSAL WATER UUALITY OF RUNOFF FRCM GRASSLAND APPLIED HlTH LIQUID. SEMI-LIQUID. AND DRY DAIRY DISPOSAL FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL SUBSUKFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA THE: USE OF OXIDATION PONDS FOR PCULTRY PROCESSING WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-W RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES ANO EVIDENCE 0 GREEN V MCCLOUO ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES HATER-PO FAHMYAKD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR FURK ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOO COO RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SwlNE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYHOROS SE MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF ANIMAL WAilE DISPOSAL BECCME5 A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS ODOR GASES LAGOONS RE PLANT NUTRIENTS ANO ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBL1C-HEALT DISPOSAL OF LIUU10 HASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI FAR1 ANIMAL-HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIOATION-DIT HOLE Of ANIMAL HASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL ANO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF EQUIPMENT FOR. DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPR1 fUHRUW MANURE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY APPLICATION-RATES PLOH-FURROW-COVER DISPOSAL POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERt A PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER DISPOSAL Of FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND LABOR, FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS FLOATING-AERATOR OOOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM W FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND 100U NSIGHBDURLINESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION bU CONNECTICUT REQUIREMENTS FOR LICUID MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS REGULATIONS POLLUTANTS C SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE 01SPOSAL-ME05UK KEYWORDS H f K SO IL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F UNDER-CAGE MJNUKE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST F DISPOSAL OF HATCHERY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REC1RCULATEO WAUR HOGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSH! MAXI-MIXING FOR MANUKE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL BASIC, POINTS TO CONSIDER IN MANUKE DISPOSAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DEAD BIRO DISPOSAL BY RENDERING KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ART IF 1CAL-US.E WASTE-DI5 WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILUkT 10 MANUKE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOILS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERTIL MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS ANO FATE OF OECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN MATE* KEYWORDS DISPOSAL M ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL C« NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COLIFORMS RUN CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATERS FROM PLOWEO-IN FEEDLOT MANUftE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES 01 CONFINED SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ROTOR-DESIGN OXYGEN-TRANSFER DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYHOROS HAT6R-OUALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS 01SPOS OISPOSAL-REQUIREME EFFECTS DF HATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS FARM WASTE DISPOSAL-SYSTEMS AEROBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LAND-DISP DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHOROS FARM-HASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER D1SPO OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC OAIR.Y MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYH POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATICN PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND. NEW YORK KEYWORDS IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS HOD COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYHOROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-HAS LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT II CXIDATION PONDS AND AERATED LAGCQNS KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATM LIQUID HASTE TREATMENT IU THE OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT DISSOLVED-OX SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS HATER-POL EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CN THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYHOROS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USEH EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF ON WATER CUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYHOROS RESERVOIR FISHFILL POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIB FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD* BOD PH REOOX-POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS OF HATER OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYHORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNDFF KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS OIST1LLABLE-NITROG ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERt WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE DISTILLATION DISTILLATION OF HASTEKATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOH ARID-REGIONS KEYHORDS EFFLUENT-REUS DISTRIBUTION TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFCRM BACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION SOURCES DF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYHORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FRCM POULTRY-LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS. SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO DISTRIBUTION ENGINEERING PBUBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING DI DISTRIBUTION LAND DISPOSAL MO STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING ANO DISTRIBUTION KEYHORUS EQUI.PM DISTRIBUTION THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYHORDS COSTS WATER-PO DISTRIBUTION-SYSTE GREEN V MCCLOUO ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES HATER-PO DITCHES OXIDATION DITCHES FOR HASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS HCGS bOD ROTORS FUAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY DITCHES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION ANO IMPROVEMENT OFIHRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD DIVERSICN-STKUCTUH THE PRICE TAO TO STOP FEEOLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL-AREA DISPOSAL-METHODS DISPOSING DISSOLVED DISSDLVEU-OXYGEN OISSOIVED-OXYGEN DISSOLVED-OXYGEN DISSOLVED-OXYGEN DISSOLYED-OXYGEN DISSOLVED-CXTGEN 01SSOLVED-OXYGEN DISSOLVED-OXYGEN DISSOLVED-OXYGEN DISSOLVED-OXYGEN DISSOLVED-SOLIDS DISSDLVED-SOLIDS OISSOLVEO-SOLIDS OISSOLVEO-SOLIDS 00 00 DO 00 00 00 DO DO DO 00 DO DOG OOMESTICA DOMESTIC-ANIMALS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS DOMESTIC-WASTES DOMESTIC-HASTES DOMESTIC-HASTES DOMESTIC-WASTES DOMESTIC-WASTES IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS BOO COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L RUNOFF. SOLID WASTES. AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS COO BOD 00 SOIL-C AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE WASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEMATION AERATION LASOC1N OXIDATION-DITCH OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF CXIDATIUN DITCH RDTCRS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD 00 PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AEKATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS EQUATION FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEE* OXIDATION DITCH, SE7TLIN FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURKIES 800 COD 00 ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT HVBRQLOG1C ASPECTS OF FEEOLCT WASTE CONTROL KEYHORDS BCD CO RIVERS WATER-QUALITY STREAM BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COC BOD TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE A NEW APPROACH TO CAGE WASTE DISPOSAL IN A CANINE LABORATORY KEYWORDS DOG FLUSHING DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT HASTE DISPOSAL FARM W LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS. FROM AGRICULTURAL LANO KEYWORDS WATtR-POLLUTlDN-SDUftC RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEbLUTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA H&TER-POLLUUON- AGRICULTURAL, AMD RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYKURCS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DUMESTIC-ANIM1LS HASTES FERTIL A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE OISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC AMMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKIAHUMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE SOURCES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS IN HATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER tUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTl/M SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS NITRATE POLLUTION, OF WATER KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GRDUNtWATER SURFACE-WATERS GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE Flow KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-HASTES UATER-PO 105 image: ------- KEYWORD INUFX it,u 70 1036 7 71 1120 3UU 3D 1205 300 70 0209 1UO 62 0212 100 70 1194 100 70 1233 100 73 1069 200 71 02S4 i'OO 72 1015 700 70 1066 200 70 0727 300 71 0466 luO 71 1I9T 100 72 122* 200 70 0727 60J 69 1239 400 71 032T 100 69 0086 100 70 1051 300 70 0206 100 6* 0371 1UO 68 0237 100 68 0337 100 70 0017 100 70 0050 103 70 0107 100 70 0348 100 73 1184 200 68 0724 200 70 0670 200 TO 0716 200 71 0606 200 71 0640 200 71 0658 200 71 0661 200 71 0762 200 71 0768 200 71 0783 200 71 0813 200 71 0815 iOO 71 0851) 200 71 0851 200 71 0852 200 73 1083 300 71 0623 300 71 062* 300 71 0673 300 71 067* 400 70 0029 400 70 OU1 400 70 0415 *00 70 OS 77 400 72 U30 600 43 0*71 600 72 1031 600 73 1075 300 71 0625 100 68 0502 100 69 0364 300 70 0213 100 73 1263 300 70 1192 100 63 0289 200 66 0144 200 71 0666 200 71 0781 200 66 0117 300 64 1110 100 73 112a 200 70 1113 400 70 0268 400 71 0435 300 49 0004 100 71 1223 100 73 1165 200 49 0192 200 71 0583 ZOO 71 0777 200 71 0793 200 71 0802 300 70 0414 400 71 0309 100 A3 0436 3UO 53 1206 100 69 1231 100 71 0454 300 71 1126 200 69 0201 30O 71 0677 500 70 0409 100 69 1231 100 70 1194 100 Tl 121* 200 66 0115 200 66 0148 200 66 0153 200 68 0434 20O 68 0726 200 69 0157 DOMESTIC-WASTES DOMESTIC-WASTES OOHESTIC-WATER UPW DRAINAGE DRAINAGE DRAINAGE DRAINAGE DRAINAGE DRAINAGE DRAINAGE DRAINAGE-EFFECTS URA1NAGE-SYSTEM DRAINAGE-HATER URAINAGE-WATER DRAINAGE-HATER DRAINS DRIED-POULTRY AGRICUtTLWt THt UNSEEN FOE IN THE kAK ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POUUMO SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND MTKATE COM AMINAT ION IN SOME CENTRAL NEU JERSEY SIR SUMNER V OUELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION Of SPUING WATER BY CATTLE KEYwOKOS THE UTILIZATION Of POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS llEWYDRUI AGRICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF 000 DISEASE LAND DRAIN KEVICW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT1ON LOSSES OF NITROGEN AMD PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS uATER-POLLUTION-SOURC MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSIOIM CONS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT UF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE « WATER POLLUTION; BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNOwATEH QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEULOTS IEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUfXOPHICATION At'* I CULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT FACTOMS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE HATER EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATtK LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR MTKATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL OK ISO-POULTRY URieD-POULTSY-MANU THt APPARET4T-DIGEST1BILITY OF ENERGY AND PKOTEIN IN TOPL«N ORIED-POULTRY-MANURE KEYwO DRUGS POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALHOMOS SOUR DRYER-OPERATION ORYING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO CRYING THIN-SPKEADING OF SLURHIED-MANURES KEYWORDS ORYING LAYERS MOISTURE-CONTENT SOL1DS-PER DRYln/C METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWOKOS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE ORYING A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-OISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOD N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT ORYING AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FDR BOMB CALORIMETRY KEYWORDS LYOPHILI2.E DRYING TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD! DRYING DRYING POULTRY MANURE 1NSI05 THE POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MANURE ORYING AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEAHCH-NEEOS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EOUIPNEN ORYING ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T ORYING GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONF1N DRYING ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL Of ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON DRYING BIODEGRAOATION OF POULTRY MANURE FR.OM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA DRYING POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION DOORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY DRYING HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL ORYING SEPARAT DRYING MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYWORDS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION RE DRYING ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO DRYING LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU DRYING SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY DRYING SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY DRYING THKOUGH-CIRCUtATION DHYING OF MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MO ISTURE-CUNTENT OD DRYING OKVING POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY DRYING THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING DRIED POULTRY WASTE I* THE FEED OF LAYING HENS KEYWORD RECYC DRYING NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED ANO CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS DRYING BIOQEGRAOEO HE.'I MANURE ANO ADULT HOUSE FLIES THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO THE GROWING CH DRYING CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO DRYING ECONOMICS OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE OPW tS A FEED INSREOIEMT OH A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS DRYING FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIDS MTR DRYING OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS ORYING POULTRY AIR-ORYING-NANUKE DRYING CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-ORVING-MANURE DRYING DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE DRYING UNDER-CAGE MANUK.E ORYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSIS ECONOMICS DRYING TURNING WASTES INTO PROFITS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT POULTRY DRYING ODOR-CONTROL WAST DRYING BLOCK BUYING OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN ORYING THE OPCCO DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING CRYING. FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT DRYING ACCELERATION OF NATURAL CRYING OF POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS ORYING-COSTS ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR DRYING-RATES THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING-TEMPERATURE THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CKUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K DRY-MATTER MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POL/LTRY-l[TTEK MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN DRY-MATTER LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-DRYING TEMPER DRY-MATTER ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY Of POULTRY ANO DAIRY-HASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANINAL- DRY-MATTER-DISPEST CHRONIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTR1C DRY-SEASONS IMPLICATIONS OF WATER CUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- DUCK TREATMENT OF LONG-ISLAND DUCK FARM WASTES KEYWORDS CHLORINATION COLIFORMS TREATMENT DU DUCK TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES ANO THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER DUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU DUCK PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS DUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS S DUCK ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOD DUCK AERA OUCKS DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS PCULTRY OUCKS SOU COLIFORMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PLA DUCKS LAKE TERMINOLOGY MATER BLCOM KEYWCROS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE OUCKS COLOR FISHKHL LAKES DUCKWEED USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT ANO ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-WATER-TR DUCK-WASTES AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS DUMPS MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UlTIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F DUMPS THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO DURABILITY CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS HEINFORCEO-C DURSBAN EFFECT OF UURSdAN IN THE DRINKING WATER OF CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOO OURSBAN CHOLIN DURSBAN FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING UUKSBAN 0-0 DIETHYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLGRO-2-P DUST POULTRY HOUSE OUST, ODOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAO-FILTE DUST AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS DUST ALLERGENS ODORS PESTICIDES SMOKE OUST FEEDLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR DUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP DUST CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS OOCRS UUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM OUST AUTOMATED HANDLING, TREATMENT ANO RECYCLING OF WASTE WATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT OUST THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS 6ROUNOW DUST CONTROL ^ POULTRY HOUSE EXHAUST OOCRS KEYWORDS FILTERS DUST HATER-SPRAY CONTROL POUL OUSTS POULTRY UUST ORIGIN AW COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC DYE-STUFFS POLLUTION OF STREAMS K6YK08DS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES ECOLOGY POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISIATION ECOLOGY SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1471 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REGUIREMEN ECONOMIC ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR UAIMY CATTLE (UNLIKE KEYWORDS F ECONOMIC THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOMIC ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES K ECONOMICS POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH SAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS ECONOMICS REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ECONOMICS THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT OF FAP.M ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR $T ECONOMICS "OLE OF THE RENDERED IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC ECONOMICS POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER bAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL ECONOMICS ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINEME ECONOMICS ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLQT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOMICS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COO 00 PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLIUTION SOIL-CON 105 image: ------- 200 69 05*3 200 69 1185 200 70 Oil* 100 70 0220 2(JO 70 0235 200 70 0498 ZOO 7O 0715 ZOO 71 OT42 200 71 0763 2M 71 076* 2UO 71 109* 200 72 1018 2io 73 10B3 300 67 0710 300 70 0384 300 70 0743 300 71 0623 300 71 070* 300 71 1261 400 69 1225 *00 70 0111 *00 73 100T *00 73 1068 7UO 70 10*6 700 72 10*9 200 69 0198 300 71 105& 200 70 07*7 JuO 71 0612 200 71 0*19 200 71 0816 JOO 71 0818 100 TO 119* }00 *9 1210 200 69 05*0 2OO 71 0643 200 71 06*5 300 71 1124 200 69 0535 200 69 0536 200 69 0537 200 71 0416 300 Tl 1055 100 68 0307 100 TO 0020 100 70 0027 100 70 0691 100 71 0*60 100 71 046B 100 71 0571 100 71 0681 200 69 0183 200 69 0*33 200 71 0831 200 71 0833 300 70 0010 300 70 0207 300 70 0211 300 71 Ot« *00 71 0305 100 55 O328 100 63 0436 100 65 0066 100 65 03TT LOO 67 0041 100 69 OOS7 100 69 0108 100 69 0316 100 70 0420 100 70 0421 ZOO 66 0760 200 69 0482 200 69 1117 200 70 02*9 200 70 0727 300 48 1202 300 68 1209 100 70 0*8B 300 70 1036 300 71 0671 300 71 0629 300 71 1245 400 71 019) 400 71 1139 500 70 040S 500 70 0406 500 70 040T 600 70 025$ 600 71 0*9* 100 65 0331 100 68 1229 200 66 0123 200 69 0160 200 69 1102 400 65 0*65 100 70 1230 100 65 0067 100 67 0230 100 68 0381 100 69 0445 ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMIC-EFFICtENC ECONOMIC-EFFICIENC ECONOMK-FEASIBILT ECONOHIC-FEAS161L1 ECONOMIC-FEAS1BHI ECUNOMIC-FEASIBILI ECONOMIC-FEASIblLl ECONQMIC-JUSTIFIU ECONOMIC-RENT ECOSYSTEMS ECOSYSTEMS ECOSYSTEMS ECOSYSTEMS EDUCATION EDUCATION EDUCATION EDUCATION EDUCATION EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EfFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFECTS EFFICIENCIES EFFICIENCIES EFFICIENCIES EFFICIENCIES EFFICIENCIES EFFICIENCIES EFFICIENCY EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT KEYWORD INDEX INDUSTRY S HOLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONONI ECONOMICS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI SWINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LI8UID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORO RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPRCACH IP DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODOHS ECONOMICS DRYING RU ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-HASTES NUTRIEN AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOC10-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS 5U EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF AN!M»L HASTE; MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARH-WASfES WASTE-OISPO FAKM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS CONFINEMENT-PENS »Ct COO RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL FEEQLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS la* ECONOHICS OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE OPW AS A FEED INGREDIENT OR A FERTILIZER KEYWORDS PLANNING ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVERNMENT-AGENC INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOM CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESQURCE-OEV UNOER-CAGE M4rtURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES DOOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS FEEDERS SCOLOEO FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC ECONOMICS OF WATER OUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VS ENVIRONMENTAL OU*LHY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFflClEN AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT OESIGN-CRITER PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL W4STE DISPOSAL SYSTE REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERN ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS THE ECONOMICS OF SWINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBK-TRE REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EOT SOPH I CAT I ON PROftLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPH1CATION MEASURE ANO ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 INDUSTRY AND THE ENVlRONMENT-FEEDLCT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOS AGRICULTURE S RESPONSIBILITIES IN A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ECO PESTICIDES ANU PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEVMOROS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABCRATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH-COUNTY. KEYHOROS ZONING LANU-USE REGULATION WATER-POL ROLE OF UNIVERSITY-EXTENSION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES H4TER-POLLUT WHERE 00 WE GO FROM HERE KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL ACTION KEYWORDS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY POL IT ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DuSlNG FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER EFFECT SOIL TEMPERATURE PHCSPHORUS MANURES EFFECT Of DIETS CONTAINING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON OUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS DU EFFECT OF STRESS ON SWINE HEAT AND COLD EKPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANILMANDELIC ACID THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS EFFECT OF TYPE OF HOUSING AND LITTER ON PRODUCTION OF BROILERS KEYWORDS EFFECT LITTER EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON THE GAS CONCENTRATION IN A PART- SLATTED PIGGERY KEYWORDS EFF EFFECT OF METHOD OF MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELDS, NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES EFFECT OF FEEOLOT LAGODN WATER ON SOME PHYSICAL ANO CHEMICAL CROPERTIES OF SOILS KEYWO THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER OUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF, SOLID-WAST THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD CF CORN KEYWORDS CHEM1C THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYDRATEO-POULTRY-WASTE ON PRODUCTION, FEED-EFFICIENCY, BOOY-WEt EFFECT OF FEED PROCESSING ON DIGESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEDLOTS M RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSKATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF CHLQRTETRACYCLINE FEEDING ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FERMENTA POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FAKM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME ANO SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI THE EFFECTS OF FARMYARU MANURE ON MATRIC SUCTIUNS PREVAILING IN A SANOY LOAM SOIL KEYW THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OKYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON THE PIG KEYWORDS EFFECTS ATMOSPHERIC-AMMONIA PIG • SOME EFFECTS OF ORGANIC WASTES ON A8UAT1C INSECTS IN IMPCUNOEO HABITATS KEYWORDS LAGO EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS ANU MITE PREOATION ON CORN ROOTWORM POPULATIONS IN MINNE HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GE5TAT1NG SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS ANO CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 1 PLANNING ANO CHOICE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EF EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECT1C1 ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS ANO CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON 1RR1GATED-AGRKULTURE IN THE COLORAOO-RIVER-BASIN AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN. THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WHT6R-POLLUT10 REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR DRYING KEYWO THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTES DPW ON THE PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF ON HATER OUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K HOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WINO FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WAIERS KEYWORDS R EFFECTS OF SURFACE-RUNOFF ON THE FEASIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED WASTE-TREATMENT KEY EFFECTS OF MANURE-DEPTHS ON RUNOFF FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE-FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS RAINFAL A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS UF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-IANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATEB-Vi ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH, SETTLIN MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0 POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE- LAGOONS ANO OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATHENT LAGOONS PO EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMP) CATTLE-WASTES - POLLUTION AND POTENTIAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION ANAEROB WASTES FROM PIG-PRODUCTION UNITS KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUENT BOO LININGS SECOND EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALAND EFFLUENT 107 image: ------- 200 69 0199 200 70 0214 2OU 70 0221 3OO 69 0006 400 68 0033 400 71 1172 400 73 1168 400 73 1183 600 72 1071 TOO 69 1067 TOO TO 1066 100 66 0341 100 69 0077 100 69 0030 100 69 0035 100 69 0037 luO 71 1228 100 T2 1193 1OO 70 1237 200 66 0135 200 66 0149 200 69 0168 200 TO 0687 200 72 1021 200 72 1022 300 71 04*7 300 71 0732 300 Tl 1063 400 6B 0032 600 73 1065 7uO TO 1256 100 67 0233 300 TO 04S2 200 71 0598 100 TO 0021 100 66 0479 100 Tl 1221 100 72 1199 100 T3 116* 200 66 0129 300 TO 0204 400 TO 0111 400 Tl 0293 100 TO 0025 100 Tl 0266 500 TO 0210 400 Tl 029) 100 Tl 0266 400 Tl 0293 400 Tl 0293 300 TO 0211 600 69 1239 600 73 1065 100 70 1211 100 TO 1211 100 TO 1211 200 T3 1082 100 TO 1211 100 68 0106 TOO TO 1256 200 66 0141 200 66 0142 200 66 0587 100 68 1121 100 66 0422 100 69 0364 100 T3 1088 200 73 1083 600 T2 1153 200 Tl OT05 '100 58 0580 200 Tl OT66 200 Tl OT6T 600 73 1075 100 73 1069 400 64 0358 400 66 0354 400 67 0336 400 68 0449 500 71 1254 100 65 0699 100 Tl 1212 100 Tl 1213 100 T2 1224 200 TO 1053 300 TO 1101 300 Tl OT32 500 Tl 1254 100 71 1212 100 72 1224 200 69 0518 200 71 0812 200 64 1241 500 71 1254 200 68 1244 300 71 1053 200 66 0115 200 69 0158 200 69 0516 200 69 0536 EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENTS EFFLUENT-QUALITY EFFLUENT-REUSE EFFLUENT-STANDARDS EGG EGGS EGGS EGGS EGGS EGGS EGGS EGGS EGGS EGG-HATCHABILITY EGG-PROOUCTION EGG-PRODUCTION EGG-PRODUCTION EGG-QUALITY EGG-QUALITY EGG-SHELLS EGG-WEIGHT ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT ELECTRICAL-CONDUCT ELECTRICAL-GROUNDI ELECTRICAL-NETWORK ELECTRICAL-POTENTI ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC-CURRENTS ELECTRIC-POWER-COS ELECTROMAGNETIC ELECTRO-OSMOSIS ELECTRO-OSMOSIS ELUTION-WATER ENDRIN ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY-TRANSFER ENGINEERING ENGINEERING ENGINEERING ENGINEERING ENGLAND ENGLAND ENGLAND ENGLAND ENGLAND ENRICHMENT ENTERIC-BACTERIS ENTERIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC-BACTERIA ENTEROBACTER ENTEROCOCCI ENTEROCOCCI ENTERVIRUS ENT001NIUM-SIMPLEX ENUMRATION ENVIROMENTAL-5ANIT ENVIRONM ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT KEYWORD INDEX RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD RELAT UNSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOO COD FERTILIZERS LAND-DISPOSAL OF DA RY-FARP-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER KATE SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OX I CAT ION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS Of IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER- 1RR IGATION SEWAGE-DISPOSAL EFFLUENT H OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE ?AUFORNlA WASTE PDNUS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGATICN-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN THE WEST-OF-SCOTLA F«i-wi TE-DISPOSA! IN RELATION TO CATTLE KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATI TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS blODEGRAOAT ION ALGAE BOD ANAER08IC-DI IR!AT«NT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD coo PH SEPTIC-TAN IHErpoVLUTlON CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY-ACT BOD PHOSP !L{!RNA?IVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP RAC?ERISnCS OF MILK NG CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON FUTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE ^MUANG ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A AEROBIC DIOESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON DF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG AbATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF S umiZAl?°N AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY nl«« Of LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI CLOSED SYMEMSFoS ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRY-INOUST npStLOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDWA EATURM FRTERS FuVAGR CULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS SPRINKLER- IRR IGATION EFFLUENTS ORGAN EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT CUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO OF WASTEWATERS A WATER-RESOURCE FOR ARID-REGIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT-REUS f S?ATUTE FOR ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI MANURE APPLICATION? AERATION, AND SOIL'PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AN NCE Of GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY 01 T?ON OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS J«ScEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC f,» ?N ?HE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN u«« MFTA^ISM STUPES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO PUU m"uLLUTl'UN PROBLEMS AND SCLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO ' ' « tr« r SHnLEFF-QUAuTY EGGpRuocToNBUMENUH WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K l CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY HOUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY KEVW n,iYFR PERFORMANCE N PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS. Sp.m T (IF FFEDING OR ED-POULTRY-WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG-PROOUCTION AND FEED-CON ?HF[L! EFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K PFRFDR^NCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K co1 A s- 5SK SKtlK "= KSESKS SSStSSSiK! pSJlNT ALS AND OOMEST C WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGI ?I!cE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS POTENTIALS' !ND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL-ENGI DITCHES FOR WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS bOD ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY ? POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CUNTAMINAT nnFMmSTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS OEWATERING E REMOVAL OF MO STURE FROM PtUllKY w j ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS OEWATERINO E HYDROGEN SUL? DE MD ME?HYL MRC»PT»NS REMOVUS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO pm ?UT mN FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS AND ENERGY YAtuE OF PEANUT HULL AND WOOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEE nF ?N!RGY AND NITR06EN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPER ; r T ° t !HS AOFE MRLwHOENEYWORDS MATHEMM, ^ "r IX^^^S^^^X^K^U& IL[ TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OESI Of RMION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS POTATOES UN PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS UAIRY HOGS BOO VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER tS CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS OF f ARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES tISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND fOnM THE POULTRY 1NCUSTKY KEYWOKOS ENGLAND POULTRY ANAEROBES KEYWORDi ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS LQGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTEK KEYWORDS MICRCBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES SUPPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICRUORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTER]A ENTERIC- TING THE CONCENTRATIUN OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER lL WATER QUALITY ANALYSES UF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORliANlSMl KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-B.CT image: ------- 200 69 0537 iuo 7O 032? 200 TO 0326 200 71 0275 3uO 71 0626 300 71 1035 300 71 1106 500 70 0336 500 70 0411 100 63 0436 100 63 0436 100 71 045* 200 66 0760 100 70 1037 100 72 1224 20!) 71 0740 300 6T 12i3 300 70 0592 300 70 1192 300 71 0732 200 72 1012 200 72 1022 200 72 1029 200 69 0161 200 71 0283 200 71 1095 300 71 1035 200 70 1050 200 71 0604 200 71 OZ74 2UJ 70 1050 100 71 0569 200 71 0809 100 73 1155 200 71 0594 200 71 0595 200 71 0596 200 71 0613 200 71 0619 200 64 1241 100 72 1224 ZOO 69 0146 100 69 0353 100 70 0168 100 71 0266 200 66 011S iOO 66 0128 200 66 0148 200 66 0154 200 69 0056 200 69 007ft 200 69 0172 200 69 0423 200 69 0430 200 70 0234 200 70 0242 200 70 0248 200 70 0250 200 70 0251 300 65 0053 300 72 11S7 400 64 0335 400 70 0097 400 71 0313 400 71 0504 40O 73 1145 600 71 0272 100 70 1195 100 70 1233 20O 69 0429 200 69 0431 200 69 043) 20O 70 0224 200 71 0282 200 71 1095 200 71 1096 300 11 1260 400 71 1196 300 71 1106 500 70 0389 600 72 1163 •300 68 1122 100 69 0096 100 72 lias 300 70 0385 100 64 1200 100 69 0693 100 69 0693 200 66 0154 100 64 1200 100 68 1121 100 69 0679 100 69 1231 100 70 1194 109 70 1251 100 71 1039 100 71 1197 2UO 69 O424 200 69 0429 200 69 0482 ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CON! ENmQNMENTAL-EFFE ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE WNVIRONMENTAL-EFFE ENV1RONMENTAL-ENGI ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFE ENVIRONNENTAL-EFFE ENVIRONNENTAL-EFFE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROT ENVIRONMENTAL-PHOT ENVIRONMENTAL-PROT ENVIRDNMENTAL-QUAL ENVIROIYMENTAL-QUAL ENVIRONMENTAL-DUAL ENVIRONMENT4L-QUJL ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN! ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN I ENVIRONMENT-DUAL IT ENVIRONHNETAL-EFFE ENZYHATIC-EVALUATI ENZYME ENZYMES EPA EPA EPA EPA EPA EPIOIN1UM-E.CAUOATU EQUATIONS EQUATIONS EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EROSION EROSION EROSION EROSION EROSION EROSION EROSION : EROSION EROSION EROSION EROSION EROSION-CONTROL' EROSION-CONTROL ESCHERICHIA-COLI ESSENTIAL-NUTRIENT ESTERS ESTERS ESTHETIC-EFFECTS ESTHWA1TE-WATER-EN ESTROGEN ESTRONE EUROPE EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION KEYWORD INDEX MHEKE 00 ME GO FROM HERE KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USOA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRQNME AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT ODOR HASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RE THE CITIZENS-VIE* OF POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENTILATI IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CO INTRODUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAK WATER KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEDLOTS ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI POULTRY OUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC POULTRY OUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISLATION HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTAT1NG SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY .LAWS FOR THE FEEOLQT INDUSTRY KtYWOROS CONTROL POLLUTION- CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD , ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-1NOUST REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-QEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DOORS WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-MANAGEM ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OP AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DUALITY KEYWORDS THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN! STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS OAIRY-INDUSTR WHAT 00 WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN1 ENZYMATIC EVALUATION OF PROCESSES FOR IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR RUMINANT FEEDS ENZYME FACILITATED MtCROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEOLOTMANURE KEYWORDS BOD AMINO THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRU INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAWSPERMITS ODOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ANO THE ENVIRONMENT K«VWX»OS ,OOORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RiGULATION FEEDLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOM1N1ST REPORTS ANO RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS. KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERN PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTC20A BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCT1 FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL 8ACTEHIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER ANALYSIS FQR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS EQUATION OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE HASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES bOD COD ODORS EQUIPMENT L AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EQUIPMEN CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL OOOR ST MACERATION FOR DISPOSAL OF DEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EQUIPM ROLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE ANO DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC FARM-WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OX IOAT ION-PITCH FAMl PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY HASTES KEYWORDS QXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW-FURROW-COVER METHOD 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS. RAINFALL-RUNOFf EQUIPMENT OSSIGN-D CATTLE FEEOLOT HATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQ FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOD COO DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERS PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH f LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM WASTES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EQUIPM AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COO OXID FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR CANADA ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRt POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EQUIPMENT COSTS FL TYPES OF MANURE DRYERS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION EQUIPMENT COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILIZERS EQUIPMENT COST DEH FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING FEEDS EQUIPMENT A DOSING-SIPHDN FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL-LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO MATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITRDG MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON MATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF HYDROLOGIC-STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEOLQTS IN EASTERN NEB SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO LAND AND WATER-MANAGEMENT FOR MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWORDS SOIL-EROSION SEDIMENT-YIELD ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AM]NO-ACIDS NITROGEN NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS OOOR ORGA IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION OOOR CATTLE FEED-LOT AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYH PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN ANO MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHHAITE IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE EStBOUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE CURING THE ESTKQUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K FARM-HASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIDATICN-PlTCH FAMI PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAODCERAN ANO M1066 FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWA11E WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS HUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENT! KEYWORDS EUTROPH1CATION AMMONIA NITR POLLUTION ANO EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTRQPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER- NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT(UN AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF-A MAJOR WATER QUALITY CHALLENGE KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOD POLLUTANT-IDE CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO MATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTKCPHICATI ON EROSION NITROG THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT 109 image: ------- 200 69 0527 200 69 111' ZJO 70 OJ2T 200 71 02J9 2oO 71 0606 200 Tl 06*2 200 Tl 0649 200 Tl 1099 JOO 64 1110 31/0 68 1122 300 69 1125 300 70 0491 300 70 0592 300 70 1036 300 71 0591 30U 7L 1065 300 71 1107 400 67 1226 400 69 1045 400 69 1225 400 73 1063 500 70 0405 TOO 71 1120 200 66 0149 100 69 0040 100 69 0376 100 69 0714 100 72 1199 300 Tl 1056 100 71 1232 200 TO 0224 200 TO 1114 200 70 1119 200 71 0777 300 68 0741 400 70 0351 100 69 0103 100 69 0361 100 69 0364 100 69 0693 100 70 0112 200 66 D129 300 71 0514 600 T2 10"JI 200 66 0141 200 66 0142 200 Tl 0619 500 TO 0409 100 71 O464 600 T2 1163 600 T2 1076 100 62 O3B2 100 65 0075 100 69 O360 100 Tl 1212 100 71 1213 100 72 1224 209 64 1240 200 TO 1053 200 Tl 0795 300 TO 1104 100 Tl 04B4 200 69 0756 400 TO 0268 100 69 03TS 400 Tl 0267 100 73 1155 100 64 0072 100 69 0045 300 69 0004 100 68 0306 200 66 0148 300 71 1106 200 66 0154 1DO 63 1064 100 65 1091 600 72 1154 ICO 63 0436 100 66 0437 100 TO 0413 100 TO OMB 100 T2 1097 100 T2 1186 200 69 0541 200 69 0347 200 Tl 0819 400 69 0419 400 Tl 1135 100 TO 1199 100 Tl 1039 300 26 1204 300 67 1249 300 69 1129 100 66 0479 300 68 10*3 200 Tl 1033 400 T3 1063 200 Tl 0612 400 73 1068 100 Tl 121* EUTROPHICATIUN EUTRQPHICATION EUTKDPHICATIUN EUTROPHIC&TION EUTROPHICAT10N EUTRDPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHIC4TION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICITION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHIC4TION EUTRQPHICiTION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EUTROPHICATION EVALUATING t VALUATION EVALUATION EVALUATION EVALUATION EVALUATION EVAPORATION EVAPORATION EVAPORATION EVAPORATION EVAPORATION EVAPORATION EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON EXCRE7A EXCRETA EXCRETA EXCRETION MXCREUON EXCRETION EXCRETION-DATA EXHAUST-FANS EXPELLED-WATER EXPELLEU-WATER EXTENSION-SERVICE EXTERNALITIES EXTRACTION EXTRACTION EXTRUSION E-COL 1 E-COL 1 E-COLI E-COL 1 E-COL 1 E-COLI E-COLI E-COLI E-COLI E-COLI E-COLL FACILITIES FACILITIES FACTOR FACTORS FAECEL-LIQUOR FAECES FAECES FAILURE FAILURES FALLEN-STOCK FALLOUT FAMILY-FARM FAMOPHOS FANNIA-CANICULARIS FANS FARM FARM FARM FARM FARM FARM FARM FARM FARM FARM FARM FARMS FARMS FARMS FARMS FARMS FARflWASTES F»RM-AND-FORESTRY- F ARM-ANIMALS FARM-ANIMALS FARM-CREOIT-SVSTEM FARM-ECOLOGY-COMPA FARM-INCOME KEYWORD INDEX WATER-RESOURCES-CENTER RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTES AND WATER-OUALI TV KEYWORDS EUTROPHIC HATE* POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EfFECIS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 14*6 ANNU EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH MATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DC POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILISE** KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTHOPHICATI POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N OOORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY AGRICULTURAL NASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTIC»LSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS HATER- JSSDOISPS»L OF SiNURE IN RELATION TO MATER DUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-R SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS HATER-POL LAKE TERMINOLOGY HATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EJTRDPHICATION ALGAE OUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS OOHESTIC-ANIMAIS WASTES FERIIL AN MAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W WATER-OUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN INLAND-SINKS KEYWORDS SALINITY EUTRQPHICATION PVRAMI PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPHICAT ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES OUR1NO FISCAL YEAR 19T1 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS t HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATEK-POLLUTION-SOURC« SE AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS SUTROPHICATION NU MNSEMIN6 RESOUR«Sy»ND H*THTHNTTO-» flUALIT* ENVI1TONHEKT KEYWORD* wmR-RETUUHCF-OEV AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES FFFECrS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYOROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY-LITTER ANO ANIMAL-F EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS IMPROVED PKOCeDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHK AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOM1C IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYHO WASTE LATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASU-WATER-TREA HYDROLOG1C-STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEDLOTS IN EASTERN NEB ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA £A}« DUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-DUALITY SO ffJofo? SANURE MANAGEMENT -IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR BUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP RU!ES INS ADELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL -SET-UP FOR 200 COWS KEYWORDS LAGOON COSTS FREE-STALL-HCUSIN6 EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCREfA KEYWORDS SI VALUE OF OXIDATICN-OITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SMINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEH-DRYING TEMPER T^N AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION MA^LIS* STUDIES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE CISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND ANTIBIOTICS-BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION DISC S-HOUSE ORYiNG OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS P»RT I KEYWORDS OEWATERING E Of *Q STURE FROH POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS OEWATER1NC E AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERN ASPECTS KEVWORDS HATER-QUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M OF B?LE ACIDS FROM RAT FECES CONTAINING CHOLESTYRAMINE KEYWORDS EXTRACTION T SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROSEN til EMPERAI£RE HIGH-PRESSURE E.XTRUSION OF CHICKEN EKCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR E DISTRIBUTION Of COLIFCRM BACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODEO ANIMALS KEYWORDS wJsTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS ODOR BDD COD E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS, ALGA SicT6R?AL-PuPULATIDN OF AN INDOOR POULTRY-LAGOON .KEYWORDS E-COLI BOD MICROORGANISM OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN ER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E RACieRmcL WATER OuiLIIY ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG MSH AS POTENT AL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-B10LOGY mPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT F»C NG KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL U1TIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F RURL-U AS A HcTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY SOIL-EROSION COLIF WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DOES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS COST ANALYSIS COST f ™! FATE OF SOLUBLE MUC1N IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS I ND^E ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SORGUUM NIT ?HE POTENTIAL DIOESTIB LITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION G»A CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSW - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCtO-C ™«RS!?c JI|ESTION FA LURES KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUOOE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE tun SuLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO MRS-WAST? MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIOATION-PITCH FAMI ToSlCITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS TOX CTY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L POULTRY OUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTHY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC PRATIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES B100EGRAOATION BIOCHEMICAL VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASIE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT DIG ENRICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEED 8Y ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES T NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLIUTION ODOR CATHE FEEO-LOT FEEOLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARH LAGOONS ODOR C CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OIGEST Of* OF POULTRY MANURE BY OIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM W ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BEOIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHQ NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS OH O STOCK FOOD COMPANY V SINTLIN5 STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARMWASIES WASTE WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WA.TER-POILUTION-EFFECTS NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL S»STE NEW FEEOLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARH-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION 110 image: ------- luO 62 0499 100 62 1220 100 68 0300 100 73 I12a 200 70 1115 200 71 0655 200 71 0733 200 71 0840 300 67 1253 300 71 0697 3i)(J 72 1157 6^3 72 1148 100 62 1220 100 71 121* 200 68 1186 200 68 1167 2uO 70 1)670 300. 68 1043 3C.O 70 1248 JOO 71 1035 4UI) 73 1183 700 70 1109 100 70 0042 400 70 1176 2^0 71 1094 200 70 0720 200 71 0821 200 72 1011 300 60 1122 400 7Z 1179 100 60 1079 100 62 1220 100 63 1064 100 65 0699 1UO 65 1079 100 65 1091 100 66 L080 IUO 69 10*2 100 69 1211 100 70 1037 100 70 1REC ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SO PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- IN OXIDATION DITCH FOR THE HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOHATER R NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE ANO SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYHORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEOLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FEO ARSANILIC ACIP KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-HASTES SWINE DIETS WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES TOXICITY TU HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FEO CATTLE KEYWORDS THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-HASTES UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS TOXICITY OF DROPPIN6S FROM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER--A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN HATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES POLLUTION AND EUTROPH1CAT10N PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLANDi NEW YORK KEYHORDS NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES SY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONOS KEYWORDS STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINUY ANO NITRATE CONTENT ANO TRENDS BENEATH URBAN ANO AG COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHICS LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER- CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES ANO LIOUIO MANURE STORAGE TANKS LIVESTOCK WASTES - ANNUAL LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS LITERATURE LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT 6EEF BUILDING KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX EFFECT OF BACILLUS THUS INEIENS1S IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTUKAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT ANO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF. SOLIOS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYHQRD5 CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FAftHS KEYWOR FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN- TECHNIOUES FOR SAMPLING ANO HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAYING HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION OF E ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FRQM A LARGE DAIRY ARE USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TR SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOW IN FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING OURSSAN 0-0 OlETHYL 0-3 5 4-TR1CHLORO-2-P ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T CHROMIC OXIDE ANO CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTR1C CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYHORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RONQ CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES TECHNICAL ANO LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM- MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTKDL POLLUTION KEYHORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORSANIC-LOAOI HATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS t QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FAMM-HASTES OXIDATION-LA CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL WASTE HATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS WA HATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-OUALITY SO METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT FUTURE PROSPECTS FDR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-WASTES NUTRIEN TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TRE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ANO RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES [N A WASTE LAG NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMIC&LLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOU KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FILfE AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION--SOCIQ-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS MATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS DEHYURATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO SOME OBSERVATIONS ON TH£ LIMNOLOGY OF A PUNO RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MINAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-AND-OEVELDPMENT LIVESTOCK POLLUTION OF AIR WATER ANO SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI 111 image: ------- 200 72 101* 200 72 1015 200 72 1016 200 72 1017 200 72 1018 200 72 1019 200 72 1020 200 72 1021 200 72 1022 200 72 1023 200 72 1025 ZOO li 1026 200 72 1028 200 72 1029 200 72 1030 200 72 1054 200 72 1089 200 72 1108 200 72 1152 200 73 1062 200 73 1082 200 73 1083 200 73 1093 200 73 1189 300 1077 300 1105 300 26 1204 300 46 1207 300 46 1208 300 62 0754 300 67 1249 300 67 1253 300 68 0741 300 6B 1043 300 68 1123 300 68 1209 3UO 69 1044 300 69 1060 300 69 1061 300 69 1103 300 69 1124 300 69 1125 300 69 1180 300 69 1203 300 70 0384 300 70 0385 300 70 1000 3UO 70 1036 300 70 1099 300 70 1247 300 70 1248 300 71 0584 300 71 0677 300 71 1008 300 71 1035 300 71 10$ 1 300 71 1106 300 71 1107 300 71 1119 300 71 1246 300 72 1003 300 72 1052 300 72 1070 300 72 1085 300 72 1146 300 72 1157 300 72 1170 300 72 1182 300 72 1260 300 72 1264 300 73 1009 400 69 1127 400 65 1141 400 69 1045 400 70 0268 400 70 0308 400 70 1132 400 70 1133 400 71 026* 400 71 0293 400 71 0297 400 71 0298 400 71 0327 400 71 0686 400 71 0731 400 71 1131 400 71 113* 400 71 1136 400 71 1137 400 71 1139 400 71 1143 400 71 114* 400 71 117* 400 72 1032 400 72 1130 400 72 1138 400 72 1171 *00 72 11 73 400 73 1007 400 73 1063 FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES FARM'HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-HASTES FARM-HASTES KEYWORD INDEX APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-T DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT EDUCATION ACTION ANO REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL REGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RESEARCH AREA OIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-L APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AER08ICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURINO A FAL CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPO DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL HASTES RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS FAIRES V OUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO NOTES ON WATER POLLUTION WASTE WATERS FROM FARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRRIGATION BOD AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROML1VESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT L1ABILI IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS Of SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUT10N-SOURC EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYW EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GRCUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY KEPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL ANO CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R IMPLICATIONS OF CROP-PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEHAGE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATEK-POLLUTION-CO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU CATTLE FEEOLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION MA EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS PERIOCIOITY OF THE SLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS FEEDLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PROT CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING WET ANO DRIED POULTRY FECES KEYWORDS NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES MISS NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UITIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES SLOTTED-FLOOR VENTILA THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-WASTES POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DUMPS FAR SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITY EGtt-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K BROODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE MANAGING SWINE HASTES TO PREVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATER-DISP RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL DRIED-POULTRY NEW PROCESS CONVERTS CATTLE RUMEN TO FEEDSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-TREATMENT SUSPEN DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER D1SPO FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED E« TRASH, CUT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE BRUSH-CONTROL FARM-WASTES RECYCLING PR FEEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AKMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-WA REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED HOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE A LOVELY NEW SCENT FOR MANURE KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION SAGEBRUSH FARMTWASTES ODOR CONFINEMENT FEEDING PROS, CONS, AND TIPS KEYWORDS RUNOFF wATEk-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION LIQUID HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEEO-L NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODCR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES THE OPCCO DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYWORDS MONFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FOR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PLASTICS TILES NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEEL-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEK NITROGEN FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES 112 image: ------- 400 73 1068 400 T3 IOT3 400 73 1140 400 73 11*5 400 73 1168 400 73 1178 400 73 1103 400 73 1191 500 71 1072 500 71 12&5 600 69 1005 600 71 0495 600 71 0496 600 71 0497 tOU 72 1001 600 72 1002 60U 72 1004 600 72 10)1 600 72 1071 600 72 1076 600 72 1148 600 72 1149 600 72 1153 600 72 1154 600 72 1156 600 72 1169 600 72 1177 600 73 1065 600 73 1075 600 73 1147 700 69 1067 700 70 1066 700 70 1109 700 71 1120 700 72 1048 100 68 0077 200 70 0244 300 70 1000 300 70 0210 100 71 0303 100 71 0682 700 70 0231 100 73 1263 100 73 1190 200 66 0136 100 62 0382 300 71 0512 300 71 0513 300 71 0514 300 71 0515 100 68 0044 100 69 0714 100 70 0023 100 70 0034 100 70 1051 100 71 1232 100 72 1215 200 64 1240 200 66 0155 300 71 0625 200 70 1050 200 71 0765 200 71 0767 300 68 1202 300 71 0301 300 71 0689 300 71 1107 200 71 0663 200 71 0597 100 71 0312 100 69 0108 100 69 0361 100 70 0418 100 71 0572 100 71 0748 100 71 0668 200 66 0115 200 71 0797 300 70 0204 300 70 0743 300 71 0692 400 71 1135 100 60 1078 100 71 0751 200 70 0719 400 73 1191 100 64 0343 100 66 0506 100 67 0104 100 67 0302 100 70 0738 100 71 0573 100 71 0798 200 64 0759 200 66 0115 200 66 0125 ZOO 69 0181 200 69 0182 200 69 0426 200 69 0430 FARM-WASTES FAKM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTFS FARM-WASTES FAAM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FAKM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FAKM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FAKM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTES FARM-WASTE-DISPOSA FARROWING FAKROWING-HOUSE FAT FATE FATTY-ACID FECAL FECAL-DRY-MATTER FECAL-EXCRETION FECAL-MATERIAL FECAL-POLLUTION FECAL-RESIDUES FECAL-RESIDUES FECAL-RESIDUES FECAL-RESIDUES FECES FECES FECES FECES FECES FECES FECES FECES FECES FECES FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT FEDERAL-REGULATION FEDERAL-WATER-OUAL FEOES FEED FEED FEED FEED FEED FEED FEED FEEO FEEO FEED FEED FEED FEEDING FEEDING FEEDING FECDING-OUT-ANO-FI FEEOLOT FEEOLOT FEEDLOT FEEOLOT FEEOLOT FEEOLOT FEEOLOT FEEDLOT FEEOLOT FEEDLOT FEEDLOT FEEDLOT FCEDLOT FEEDLOT KEYWORD INDEX NEW FEEOLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE NITRATE CUNT6NT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS ANOTHER POSSIBLE PROCESS FOR MANURE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-fREATMENTFERT FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING FEEDS EQUIPMENT CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING ?™?,£«IRSl ?*V BE * B'° CONCERN «YWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO £S« ?,, ^ ,/£ "'""* BYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS MOVE TU NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG c!Mf^S OF,FEEOLOT C»TTLE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-DISEASES CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WATER- £nC«I!Y °,f,*lM BYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATERS FROM PLOWEO-IN FEEDLOT MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DI DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAERCBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR 2MnL"JSTE P°NOS EfFECrlVE<-» SELF SEALING KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES I -t?ucE.5^ 1RRIS»TIt"< SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY HETABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS ?«IE?/N°«cUMMER SHELTE" FOR BEEF ""I-E IN LOUISIANA KEYWOROS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS SOLIB-WASTES STORAGE ULT1MATE-OISPO ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DOOR W WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEH JERSEY STR SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC F,*R?-H*STE-D'S''US*I- 1N REL*T'°I* '<> CATTLE KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATI Si^Si. 56 E W*STE PROBLEW *"™ P'SS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SWINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS 1*1 RE,SVLT OF FEEOINS ORIED-POULTRY-WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG-PRODUCTION AND FEED-CON METABOLIC FATE OF U81QUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL AERATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MANURE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE KE J!!Eni?FLUENCE Qf FEEO ADO«T'VES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SWINE WAS CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTRIC NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESIUM IN SHEEP KEY ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERL1FE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS KEYWORDS FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS DIETS ANTIBIOTICS NITR FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEEO ADDITIVES—SWINE KEYWORDS HAZARDS GROWTH-RATES DIETHYISTILBES FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND ANTIBIOTICS—BEEF CATTLE KEYWORDS DECOMPOSITION OISE REcl°UES FRCM L»RV'<:iOES—POULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA BORON SfS ION °F POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS .»! N ° CULTURE "Eou FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS AM HALS KEYWORDS £n!l?Mj?n!!XIR«T!ON *N° °U*NT«"»"°" OF TOTAL L1PIOS AND LIPIO FRACTIONS IN BLOOD AND POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS SOUR ^n5n!.«TER FR°M SIMIAN PP»I"*TE FACILITIES KEYWOROS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE !HE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIOUIO-W THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CRUDE PRCTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K InfcLnc*tT^TlUJL "»" THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWOROS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWO PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OESI ??»« »rrKr!« II?,'f !,iiJB^'IY °F U""TE° ST*TES FOR N"LIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI Hill i5EN£'" REGUt*TI*e CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULATION FEOE WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEDLOTS KEYWORD NEBRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MA ?iII?.!SV ' N CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWOROS AGRICULTURAL-C INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS WATER-8UALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS OISPQi ^m.rT^in'^c^I*1''1''6 '" LIVESr°« FEEO>-OT DESIGN ANOMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF REDUCTION AND ESTERIF1CATION OF CHOLESTEROL AND SITOSTEROL BY HOMOGENATES OF FECES KEY EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT ENRICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEEO 8Y ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARVwIsTES T AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING pSulTRV UTTM TO I THE ELIMINATION OF ODOR FROM THE EFFLUENT GASES Of CHICKEN MANURE DRYING PLANT KEYWORD CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEYWORD FEED BIOCHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL OOoisT GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWOROS FEED MICRO POULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED 01 ET SoO* CO GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWOROS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRR EFFECT OF FEEO PROCESSING ON DIGESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEOLOTS N ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS FEEOLOTS EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWOROS ARSENIC FAKM-WASTES SWINE DIETS ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE OF POULTHY LITTER ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS KEYH°R°S FESCUE ' BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWOROS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-HATER CATTLE FE6DLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWOROS 800 COO FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE MODELING FEEOLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS COD DISCHARGE KYMOGRAPHS Co5«STRA?i™S SALMONELLA INFANTIS IN CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWOROS SALMONELLA INFANTIS FEEOLOTRUNO MODELING FEEDLOT POLLUTION I ANALOG SIMULATION KEYWORDS RUNOFF MODELING FEEDLOT METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEABLE SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO CHEMICA MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLUKR1ES DISPOSAL ODOR ST SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FLOORS FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUT ON LEGISLAMON G CATTLE FEEOLDT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWOROS HYDROGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS NTEN REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-DUAL CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWOROS RAINFAtL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIQ 113 image: ------- 200 69 05 image: ------- 2UO 73 1093 300 1105 300 71 1096 400 71 U2V3 403 71 1134 400 71 1172 4UO 72 1130 400 73 1068 400 73 1145 400 73 1145 600 73 1075 400 71 0686 200 73 1093 300 71 0511 ll<0 71 0461 203 69 0187 300 70 0210 300 71 0627 1UO 70 0014 200 66 0123 300 70 0209 300 71 0621 3UO 71 1261 200 71 0769 200 72 1022 100 62 1220 100 63 1064 100 66 0730 100 70 1227 100 71 1197 100 72 1097 100 72 1129 100 72 1168 100 72 1235 100 73 1087 200 68 0726 200 69 1185 200 70 1175 200 71 0773 200 71 0776 200 71 0760 200 72 1010 200 72 1011 2UO 72 1014 200 72 1015 200 72 1017 200 72 1016 200 72 1019 200 72 1020 200 72 1021 200 72 1023 200 72 1024 200 72 1025 200 72 1028 200 72 1029 200 72 1090 200 72 1054 200 73 1189 300 1077 300 67 0711 300 69 1180 300 70 1000 300 71 0700 300 71 1008 300 71 1261 300 72 1003 300 72 114fc 300 72 1264 300 73 1009 400 65 1127 400 65 1141 400 67 1226 400 70 1133 400 71 1131 400 71 1134 400 71 1136 400 71 1137 400 71 1139 400 71 1144 400 71 1174 400 72 1032 400 72 1138 *00 72 1171 400 72 1173 400 72 1179 400 73 1063 400 73 1068 400 73 1140 400 73 1145 1400 73 1158 400,73 1183 400 73 1191 ! 500 71 125S ' 600 69 1005 : 600 69 1160 ' 600 72 1002 600 72 1071 600 72 1074 600 72 1149 600 72 1153 FEEDS FEEDS FEEDS FEEDS FEEDS FEEDS FEEDS FEEDS FEEDS • FEEDS FEEDS FEEDSTUFF FEEO-ADUITIVES FEED-ADDITIVES FEtO-CONVERSION FEED-CONVERSION FEED-CONVERSION FEED-EFFECIENCY FEED-EFFICIENCY FEED-EFFICIENCY FEED-EFFICIENCY FEED-EFFICIENCY FEED-GRAINS FEED-LOT FEED-LOT FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS ' FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEEO-LCTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS n* r KEYWORD INDEX CEHYDKATEO POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FDR SHEEP ! 0 ^^---^"-"-"-----^""^SA^r^^Esrp THE OPCCU SR«B «Pv£n»nc Jr^? S°URCE KEYI(0*°S OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE THE OPCCU DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMFNT HOW.N^L^^M" I!ANURI " F«° KEYWORD MC?"lSs"«S".m!T«TTL! SHOWING PROMISE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES RFCVfl INT. FEfn« EnnlD.cuT THEFcoF?^ PRQ' image: ------- 600 72 115* 6SO 72 11T7 600 72 121)2 6U'J 73 11*7 700 69 1067 200 69 0164 101) 69 0301 2bO 71 0600 100 73 l\VO 1GO 72 1215 loO 55 0328 luO 70 03*2 100 70 0*18 1UO 73 103* 200 6* 12*0 200 6* 12*1 2uU 69 0169 2u3 71 1099 *UO 71 0305 100 73 103* 1UO 70 0025 100 73 1162 2uO 70 0237 200 70 0720 20U 71 0278 100 62 1220 100 65 1219 200 70 0222 2UO 71 060* 200 71 0608 200 71 06*8 200 71 06*9 200 71 0660 200 71 0831 200 71 0832 200 71 0833 200 71 083* 300 70 1059 100 60 0059 100 68 00** 100 68 0730 100 70 00*2 100 71 0721 200 66 01*9 200 66 0151 200 66 0153 200 66 0155 200 69 0157 200 69 0186 200 69 0202 200 69 0*27 200 70 0226 200 70 0227 200 70 0*98 200 70 0670 200 70 0716 2UO 70 0719 200 71 059* 300 67 0710 *00 71 0731 *00 73 1007 500 70 0386 500 70 0390 500 70 0*00 100 62 1220 100 65 0377 100 65 1079 100 66 1080 100 67 0079 100 67 04*8 100 68 1121 100 69 0060 100 69 0061 100 69 10*2 100 70 0051 100 70 0365 100 70 0*17 100 70 0510 100 70 1037 100 70 1041 100 70 119* 100 70 1233 100 71 1039 100 71 1197 100 71 121* 1UO 73 1069 200 69 0173 200 69 0200 200 69 0201 200 69 0*23 200 69 0*29 200 69 0*31 200 69 0*82 200 70 021* 200 70 0220 200 70 02*3 200 71 0663 200 71 0616 200 71 0817 200 71 0653 FEtD-LCTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-LOTS FEED-RAT ION FEED-VALUE FEbO-YARU-ACT FEMUR-DEPOSITION FERBAM FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION I-ERMENTOR-SAMPLING FERTILITY FERTILITY FERTILITY FERTILITY FERTILITY FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZATION FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZER FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS MERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS KEYWORD INDEX WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FCK BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LUIS FARM-WASTES L DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS SULID HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-OISPO ANALYSIS OF AMIMAL HASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ODOR W SWINE WASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESUIM IN SHEEP KEY AUTOMATED COMUUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN blOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE FEEDING UN BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FERMENTA IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY-TREATED FECES KEYWORDS DIGESTION FERMENTATION CO ENKICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEED BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES T TECHNIQUES FOK SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA CCLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-e PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PKOTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCT1 INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS TECHNIOUES FUR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY HOUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY KEYH PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- POPULATION GROWTH-RATE SHQULDNT GET ALL THE BLAME KEYWORDS FERTILITY CITIES RESOURCES WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAIRY-INOUSTR RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE FERTILIZATION NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITR06EN FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYWORDS PERTILIZER-REOUIREMENTS CR LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER DUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-R UTILIZATION UF AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-BYPRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE WASTE-OISP EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW GRDUNDHATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA FFFfCT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORD WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNOWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNOWATER FERTILIZATION THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS OOUR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS AGRICULTURE S EFFECT ON NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNUWATER KEYWORD FERTILIZER FEED-LOTS STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER DOOR RUNOF EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIOUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING Of HOGS KEYWOR POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNI8UES VALUE ANAL PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-* ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING OROSS-PROFIT ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LICUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST MANAGEMENT OF AN MAL FEEDLCT HASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NU A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROT WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON BIOOEGRAOATION OF POULTRY MANURE FROH CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS DOOR POULTRY DRYING LARV* «EOlSc "oBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE OF POULTRY LITTER ON PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAWS PERMITS DOCK LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS BOO COD RUNOFF FERTILIZER ECONO DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DAIRY LAGOONS RUNOFF FERTILIZER DISPO FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOH INTROOUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAN WATER KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEDLOTS SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORUS IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NUTHIENTS FERTILIZER DEIERCENIS MANURE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SC1LS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL FERTIl MATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS KATER-POLLUT10N-SOURCES EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-HATTER FERTILIZERS SOI UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITRCGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN SOURCES OF NITROGEN ANB PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZE** INDUN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF HATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUNDWATER POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS PESTI SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNlMORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN WATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES MPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS 600 COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS WATER SALIN ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILIZERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO CATTLE. SWINE AND CHICKEN CANURE CHALLENGES WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS KEYWORDS COSTS FER NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC RFtfEM OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY'oN EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHCCATION LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC NS"lENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ASKICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT ?HE DIsJoSAToF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOUS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS USE OF POULTRY MANURE FOR CORRECTION OF ZN AND FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS KEYWORDS FER THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-0 CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITR06 MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED bY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GHOUNOWATER NUT RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOU COD FERTILIZERS THE ECONOM CS OF STORING. HANDLING AND SPREADING OF IIOUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOO UK FERTILIZERS SLU INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS HATER-OUAlITY-ACT FERTILIZERS DISPOS ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWOHCS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTKIENTS POULTRY MARK.ET-VALU RECYCL NG BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0 116 image: ------- 200 7t 085^ zuo TI oast, 200 71 103i Zu'iS 71 109V 2vj3 Tl 1095 iuD 71 125J 20fl 73 1082 201) TJ 1189 300 65 0739 Jl/0 6^ 025«> 3oU 66 1043 3UC 68 1122 300 70 05« 3uO 70 1036 300 70 105") 300 70 ill! 300 71 C591 31.0 71 lOifr 300 7t 1157 300 72 126C «cQO 65 1121 4UC 66 DOBS 00 f>t 0016 *00 69 10*5 *.00 6<1 1225 «OU 70 0070 400 70 1176 400 71 050*. 400 71 1174 400 71 1196 400 7 i« 1231 100 70 1W4 3DO 71 124$ 100 68' 1121 FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS f£a.TILU6RS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FEIIILlZEfli FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS F6«TIL!Z£RS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILISERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FEKTILJZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FE«TILI2£HS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS = ERTIL LZEF.-M TRO6E FERTILim-NITHQGE FERTILIZER-REQUIRE FERTILIZER-VALUE FERTILIZERS FERTL1LZERS FESCUE FESCUE FESCUE-PASTURES FIELDS FIELD-CAPACITY FIELD-CROPS FIELD-OISPQSAJ. FIELD-NO i STUM-CAP FIELD-SPREADING FIELD-SPREADING FIELO-SPReADING FIELD-SPREADING FIELD-STUDIES FIELD-STUDY FILTERING-SYSTEM FILTERING-SYSTEMS FILTERS FILTERS FILTERS FILTERS FILTERS FILTERS FILTERS FlLTEftS-eOUIP«£Nr FILTH-FLIES FILTRATION FILTRATION FILTRATION FILTRATION FILTRATION FILTRATION FINANCING FINANCING FINANCING FINISHING-BUILDING FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISM FISH FISH FISHERIES FISHERIES FISHFILL F1SHKILL KEYWORD INDEX MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYHORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION KITH DAIRY HASTES KEYWORD FERTIL NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS HATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAR AGRICULTURE AND POLLUT ION— SOC ID-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OLALITY KEYWORDS NITRATE POLLUTION CF HATER KEYWORDS HATSR-POLLUT JON-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-HATERS COSTS FDR LARGE 5C9LE CONTINUOUS P>ROLYSIS OF 501,10 HASTES KEVHOMU SOLID-HASTES COSTS A FEEQSR LUOKS "I AMIMAL WA5IE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f NITRATE AND HATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENE HASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES MATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYHOROS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS HASTES FERTIL PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE HAH ON POLLUTION KEYHOROS AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUT10 NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNOHATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GRQUNOWATER FERTILIZATION IMPLICATIONS OF WATER OUAHTY LAWS FOR THE fEEOCOT INOUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL PGLLUTION- AGRICULTUH.AL POLLUTION OF THE GREAI LAK65 BASIN KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPH1CAI DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOHA CANADA ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M PtGNPOIwr RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS MATER POLLUTION RURAJ. AREAS FERTILIi KHV NITRATES IN HATER. SUPPLIES KEYWORUS N1TRAIES fEEO-LOIS FERTILIZERS f ARM-HASTES MISS POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER THE FARM ROLE IN MATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEOIHENT FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTID FERTILIZERS AND FEEDLCTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNCWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU CONSEHV1NG RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A 8UALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOJL-PKCPEKriES SOIL-SURVEYS F ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HATER-POLLUTION NITRATES COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILIZERS HUtPMENT COST OEM L1CUIU HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES fE£0-L CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HUH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB THE OPCCO DRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES HASTE-TREATMENT HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES MASTS-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE ASR1CUHUKE A«0 ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ?HD10SYNTHeilS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES ANOTHER POSSIBLE PROCESS FOR MANURE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES HASTE-TREATMENT FERT CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS 1RUIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYWORDS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEEO-LGTS LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYHOROS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-OtSPOSAL IRKIG DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DEHYDRATION FERTILIZERS ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY OOOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS A.PPL tCAT IOH-MEIHOOS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYHOROS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTINATE-D1SPO ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR M SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEH JERSEY STR It SOIL J-ROFUES AND DM TRANSFQRNATICNS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SGIL-NI EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS KEYHORO.S FERTILUER-REQUIREMENIS CR SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SHINE HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAl-CHEMIC WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART t, KEYWORDS AGRICUL1UHAL-C POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTROPHICATI FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE OF POULTRY LITTER DN PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE HASTE- RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALC FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0 DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE HID THE EFFECIS OF FARMYARD MANURE ON MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL KEYW CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLCT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AEflATION, AND SOIL PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORM! I IONS AN EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPI STATUS OF DAtRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT A«0 KAKASEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS DAlRIT-IWJUStR POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY SUINE WISTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES F IELTJ-SPREAC1N6 CDNFSNEME BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTER1C-8ACT ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILK1NS PARLOR. WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDM ILINS INDUS CONTROL OF OOORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYHOROS ODORS DUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROM EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYOROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A POULTRY HOUSE DUST, ODOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAD-F ILTE OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOIS HASTE-01SPOSAL WATEB-aUALtfY RE CU [REGENTS »\0 RE-USE OF trASTEHATEK EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS NUJHIENT-RENOV NATURAL FILTERS FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTtS, KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION EFFLUENTS ORGAN CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE EXHAUST ODORS KEYWORDS FHTERS DUST WATER-SPRAY CONTROL POOL SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIES BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER CUALtt* OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESIION FILTRATION ANALYTICA FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FASCAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE HATER THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS HATER-REUSE PATHOGEN RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYHORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L A FEASIBILITY STUDY Of A LIVESTOCK. WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K REVIEH OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATIUN PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTRDPHICATION PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SY5TE FEEOLOT WASTS MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU EOUIPHENT AW FACILITIES FCR MODERN KETKOOS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HATE* POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES «F-rTlS«t*SJi5«J[^L "LIUTANTS 0" »»«K USES KEYWORDS BOD COD DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L (NFeCTlONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREUUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A ?T«» "S IOM f H6*CURY IN f000 WUCTS AMD BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLUBELESS !1£UL 2V5S" FEEDLOT *UNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND CHEHICA Sr?^r^N!L?L?*!!t6ES F0" POLLUT10N OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 • im.!2 EN i*C VECr°RS Of HU(**N «*CTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES veCTRfli-BlOLO&Y BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED PROM AOUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS AOUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO S«IJ!iNJIIOM °N "EWURY >N-S»MPUS FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WATERS KEYWORDS R "" nc ««• EUIROPHICATION PROBLEMS KlYMDRDS EUTHOPHICATION WAT» cm f ,5m£L2T RUN°" °N "*'" OUALITV OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL WATER POLLUTION FJ)0N LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS 117 image: ------- 2UO 67 1243 200 69 0*82 ^00 71 06*1 300 64 1110 300 67 0701 300 71 1057 100 71 0742 100 70 1051 100 71 07*2 IOO 70 1237 200 69 05*1 iOO 69 05*2 200 69 05*3 100 70 119* 100 71 07*2 200 69 1117 300 71 1098 100 66 1080 S.GO 70 0393 600 72 1076 100 65 1091 200 66 0119 2LO 66 0130 400 69 0039 200 70 1113 300 68 1123 300 72 1170 *00 73 1158 100 70 0691 100 71 0567 2UO 70 0755 300 69 0093 200 66 0121 200 71 0703 300 70 0*68 300 71 0732 600 70 OOBO 300 71 07*5 100 69 0052 100 72 122* 600 72 1001 200 72 1015 100 68 0296 300 69 1180 100 69 0058 100 70 0089 200 70 023* 200 70 02*8 300 68 0352 400 70 0097 *00 71 0339 600 71 0272 600 72 1071 100 70 0570 100 71 03*8 400 71 0350 100 6* 0371 100 67 0501 100 71 1092 100 73 1165 300 71 0515 *00 71 0294 400 73 1191 300 71 0477 100 68 0106 100 70 0089 200 69 0193 300 68 07*9 300 69 0006 300 71 1119 600 70 0098 200 69 0192 200 70 0222 200 6* 1240 300 70 1247 300 71 1100 500 71 1254 100 70 1051 *00 71 1172 400 73 1068 100 70 1111 300 69 1125 100 69 0045 600 72 1169 600 72 1177 ZOO 73 1062 200 70 0715 300 68 1043 IOO 71 1039 200 70 1050 300 68 1043 200 72 1030 100 69 0364 600 72 1163 200 66 0124 600 68 0471 200 66 0121 600 72 1150 200 69 0188 *00 70 0351 FISHKILL FISHKILL FISHKILL F1SHKILL fISHKILL FISHKILL FISH-DISEASES FISH-HATCHERIES FISH-HATCHERIES FISH-HATCHERIES FISH-KILL FISH-KILL FISH-KILL FISH-KILLS FISH-MANAGEMENT FISH-POPULATION FISH-PROTEIN FIXATION FIXATION FLASH-VOLITALUATI FLIES FLIES FLIES FLOATING-AERATOR FLOCCULATION FLOCCULATION FLOOD-IRRIGATION FLOOD-PROTECTION FLOORING FLORA FLURICA FLOW FLOWABILITY FLOWMETEKS FLOW-AUGMENTATION FLOW-CHARACTERISTI FLOW-CHARACTERISTI FLOW-CONTROL FLOW-NET FLOW-RATES FLOW-RATES FLUMES FLUSHING FLUSHING FLUSHING-GUTTERS FLUSHING-GUTTER FLUSHING-GUTTER FLUSHING-GUTTER FLUSHING-GUTTERS FLUSHING-GUTTER FLUSHING-GUTTER FLUSHING-GUTTERS FLUSHING-GUTTER FLV FLY FLY FLY-BREEDING FLY-CONTROL FLY-CONTROL FLY-CONTROL FLY-CONTROL FLY-CONTROL FLY-PARASITES FLY-PUPAE FOAMING FOAMING FQAMING FOAMING FOAMING FOAMING FOAMING FOAM-PAO-FILTERS FOLIAR-APPLICATION FOODS FOODS FOODS FOODS FOOD-ABUNDANCE FOOO-ANO-ORUG-ADMI FOOD-AND-ORUG-AOMI FOOD-CHAINS FOOD-PRODUCTION-HA FORAGE FORAGE FORAGE-YIELDS FORCEO-AIR-OVENS FORCED-DRYING FORESTRY FORESTS FOREST-MANAGEMENT FOREST-MANAGEMENT FRACTIONATING FREEZE-ORYING FREEZE-THAH-TESTS FREEZING FREEZING FREEZING-POINT FREE-STALL-BARN FREE-STALL-HOUSING FREE-STALL-HOUSING KEYWORD INDEX THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORC GROUNDWATER NUT BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTEftI LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOO COLIFORM FISHK EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON FEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNDUATER FISH-KILL INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTRDPHICATION INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS AQUATIC-PLANTS FISH PO NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SCILS KEYWORDS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING HIGH-TEMPERATURE H[GH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR TOXICITY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FEO HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY 'LARVAE KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE 6Y PLOW-FURROW-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES L LABOR FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODCR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FRUM SURFACE SPREAD SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS 00 YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE HAST THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL FLORA OF SEAGULL DROPPINGS IN JERSEY KEYWORDS BACTERIAL FLORA SEA FEEOLOT HASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOO 00 RIVERS WATER-QUALITY STREAM PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SgLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAM THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRR1GATEO-AGRICULTURE IN THE COLORADO-RIVER-8ASIN CLOSED SYSTEMS FOK ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIRV-INDUST FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES FLOW-CONTROL TERRACES BY-PRODUCTS RENDERING NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLON-N FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R A NEW APPROACH TO CAGE WASTE DISPOSAL IN A CANINE LABORATORY KEYWORDS DOG FLUSHING CATTLE FEBDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN REUSE OF WASH WATER FOR CLEANING CAGEU LAYER HOUSES KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER STORA TREATMENT) USE, MO- DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOD COD 00 ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OXIDATION-DITCH F DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SWINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SE POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EOUIPMENT COSTS FL FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED WATER HOGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHI A OQSING-SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING-WATER INTO FLUSHING-GUTTERS KEYWORDS DESIGN A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS MANURE MITES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY 0VI BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS SCHEDULE MANURE REMOVAL TO AVOID FLY BREEDING KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA POULTRY ODORS FLY THIN-SPREADING OF SLURKIED-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS MOISTURE-CONTENT SOLIOS-PER INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OEGRA EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLV LARVAE KEYWORDS FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING DURSBAN 0-0 OIETHYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLORO-2-P FECAL RESIDUES FROM LARVICIDES--POULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA BORON MANURE MITES IN INTEGRATED FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CALIFORNIA FLY-CONTROL MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF ANIMAL WASTES TO NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS POULTRY FLY-PUPAE NUTRIENT OXIDATION DITCHES FOR WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS BOD ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY TREATMENT) USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR CHARACTERISTICS OF A8UEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOD PH REDOX-PUTENTIAL ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PE SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL HASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COD BOD TS TVS PH DO TEMPERATURE POULTRY HOUSE OUST) DOOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAD-FILTE THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COL1FOBH GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNC1 PHOTOS POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS SOW OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SCURCE KEYWORDS UXIDATION-LACQUNS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLOKINATED-HYUROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-N THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION CM CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOCDLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS THE LEGAL FUTURE NEN THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-L LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-DRYING TEMPER ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTE1.N KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF HASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01 ACCELERATION OF NATURAL DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS DAIRY-SET-UP FOR 200 COWS KEYWORDS LAGOON CCSTS FREE-STALL-HOUSING EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON 118 image: ------- 100 7(1 1041 100 70 0042 300 68 1122 1UO 66 0007 100 73 1155 200 73 1083 luO 67 0079 <:00 73 1082 300 7V 10U4 100 71 0461 100 68 0043 2UO 70 0320 10J 65 0699 200 66 0132 200 71 0775 200 71 10VS 500 70 0402 5UO 71 1254 600 72 1071 3UO 70 1084 200 66 0130 400 68 0015 500 71 1254 500 71 1254 100 70 0678 100 70 1194 200 69 0160 200 69 0432 200 69 0526 200 69 OS30 500 70 0411 200 66 0125 200 68 0725 200 72 1017 300 26 1204 100 71 046B 200 66 0137 200 69 0055 300 70 1084 100 66 0437 100 70 0085 100 70 0578 100 70 0685 100 71 0314 200 64 1240 200 69 0074 200 70 0238 200 70 0246 200 73 1082 300 68 0749 300 70 0455 300 71 1055 400 73 1178 600 70 0258 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 100 73 1155 100 70 1111 100 72 1188 300 69 0631 300 69 0632 300 69 0636 130 69 0363 400 65 1142 100 63 1064 200 69 0055 200 66 0129 300 71 1106 100 66 10BO 300 71 1055 200 64 1240 300 70 0384 200 69 0523 200 66 0155 300 69 1180 100 73 1088 100 71 1236 200 64 1240 200 69 0528 200 71 0283 200 71 0796 200 71 0770 200 71 0789 100 70 0065 300 71 0704 200 70 1050 200 71 0610 200 71 0611 200 71 0613 200 71 0614 200 71 0615 200 71 0616 200 71 0619 ioO 71 O620 300 71 0752 400 69 1225 200 69 0203 200 69 0529 100 69 010B FRESNO-CALIF FROZEN-GROUND FROZEN-GROUND FS FUCOSE FUEL FUELS FUELS FUELS FUMIGATION FUMIGATION FUNDING FUNGI FUNGI FUNGI FUNGI FUnGI FUNGI FUNGI FURNACE FURROHS FURROH-IRRIGATION FUSIFORM IS FUSOBACTERIA FUTURE FUTURE-TRENDS FHPCA FHPCA FHPCA FHPCA FHPCA GAINS GAINS GAINS GARBAGE-DUMPS GAS GAS GAS GAS GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASES GASOLINE GASOLINE GASTRO-INTESTINAL- GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY GAS-CHKOMATOGRAPHY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHV GAS-CHROMOTOGRAPHY GAS-CONCENTRATIONS GENERAL-CHEMICAL-4 GENERATION GENETICS GENETICS GEOCHEMISTRY GEOCHEMISTRY GEOGRAPHICAL-REGIU GEOGRAPHICAL-REG10 GEOLOGY GERMANY GERMINATION GESTATION GLACIAL-DRIFT GLUCOSE GOALS GOALS GOATS GOVERNMENTS GOVERNMENTS GOVERNMENT-ACTION GOVERNMENT-AGENCIE GOVERNMENT-FINANCE GOVERNMENT-F I NANCE GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVERNMENT-SUPPORT GOVT GOVT-PROGRAMPROGRA GRAIN n TRANSPORT KEYWORD INDEX STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT ANO TRENDS BENEATH URBAN STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYHOROS FERTILIZER N P K "?"ENV-L1»E AE ISSicUoiMHiiJ! SS"f!T?,JN2.5VSIMI!*" WATERS KEY"°RDS »«*'«-•!""* I»"H « u AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYHOROS gOO COO VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES REGRES "UC1N IN ™E "STRO INT6STINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS ""CRT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO PHQSPHORUS "* "»»« SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS M,.«=^T"H)OUS PYROLySlS OF SOLID WASTES KEYHOROS SOLID-HASTES «!?$ fr B N REFUSE T0 OIL KEVW°ROS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEHAGE-SLUOGE OIL HATE fUN GAT 0« Z JlM^ nl US0!"" UTTER ltEVW"»OS POULTRY "EKFORMANCE MORTiu" SEIGHT-S AP! ?*„}£?.? »Rf«fE,°F BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS FUMIGATION BROILER LITTER *S* SVrln AhrnAS"f 'N AN """""ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARC TH6 MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-HASTES F°" MICROBI*L """"ION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS SOSS 8 1 00 POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPINS CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY S^'fK F°R *"UI° ""ECOLOGY KEYHORO"SICROSJG!N?SMS wl El-Jo! ° "ATER-BORN ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY WATE S?*?RS?!S *EYW1ROS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOToI ET^™rE-JS F°R TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SHINE HANURE KEYWORDS "™™ oHir-PourTu?-\-rniK-Rr«ORDT-FowKis-w-BArreftu-Hoii> POUITR JEFU" T° °'L KEVMOIIDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEHAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE , H*WRE 8V "I-CW-FURROH-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROHS FLIES L *WOI° PQI-LUT10N BV "SING HASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON POND FUR « . '"0"" KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOU-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS THE FUTURE OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REUSE OOOR POLLUTION FUTURE MANAG R«i6!, NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTRUPHlCAT ION PR08L6HS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION fpofj, T WATE" OUtLITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES *5"I£y V£E *S * SOURCE OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE Irrr, 2L!c° IHE FEDER4L HATER-POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN FARH-ANIMAL-WASTE ANO ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUAL 1TY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI oh0!",1?? FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FLOORS POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEOLOTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS SILAG ni?n c?J2 6E ENT *ND *NIM»L PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT 2S12,J OCK FOOD COMP*NY * SINKING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON THE GAS CONCENTRATION IN A PART- SLATTEO PIGGERY KEYWORDS EFF PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE HASTES BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOO ?i SSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEHAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE PROPERTIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK GASES BIODEGRADATION BIOCHEMICAL DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE KEYHOROS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES COLLECTION ANO DISPOSAL OF FARM HASTES KEYWORDS N-IRELANO GASES SLURRY DISPOSAL GASES ANO ODORS FROM STORED SHINE HASTES APMONIA MANURE METHANE CARBON-DIOXIDE HYDROGEN GASES AND ODORS FROM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IDEN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYHORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SHINE HASTE KEYHORDS OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH If!? JROBLEM ON THE FARM AN'M4>- HEALTH KEYHORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE ?n«S 2S» FfJ« erEYc°ROS' H*N4GE''ENT "STS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYKOLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS R2TSR AERAJi°N °f S"INE "STES KEYHORO OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEHENT-PE A«in^ «SJ,ETUi! ^ BECDM6S * "ORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYHOROS OOOR GASES LAGOONS RE iK™ L??PSRT ° 4CTIVI11" DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USER ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYHORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO cnn, ?S? ni '°N f*°M BEEF CAItLE "ST6S KEYHORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES COO COMPOST «X£ ?£ Sf- W*IERS * MISDEMEANOR KEYHOROS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYHOROS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYHORDS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYHOROS CHLORINATED-HYOROCARBON-PEST ICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PEST! IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS KEYHORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT ODORS, GASES, AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR OUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMATO PARTICULATE MATTER KEYWORDS CIRCULATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHYFILTER-PADS POULTRY-OUST 00 ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTE* IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYHOROS GAS-CHROM WASTE CAUSED AIR POLLUTANTS ARE MEASURED IN SHINE BUILDINGS KEYHORDS VENTILATION SHINE- TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYHORDS MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION HANAGEM WATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAT ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CLAYS CO MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CO NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER— A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER FARM-WASTES GROUN ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E lE!l AS!!OM'CS °f CLEA"1 WAIER VaLUME TWO *NIH»L WASTES PRUFILE KEYHORDS COSTS HATER-PO WHAT AND HHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-HASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN W PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS ANO PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYHORDS LIOUJO-M CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYHCROS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0 MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS ODOR LAND-USE GOALS POPULATION ^LLUTANTS SANITARY E ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE D LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT ANO THE CONSERVAUON PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GRUUNDWATER ORIGINS ANO IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUALItV STANDARDS FOR »NlS*L PRODUCTION FIRNS AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYHOROS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION PLANNING ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVEST-AG^C THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENV1RONMENTAL-SANI WATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER KEYHOROS RUNOFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE Cn U S D A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS A^mil^M VE-AGENC TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS ADMINIST SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL A*0 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ?n FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT WURIMTIONjvSTMS K^ THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PROJECT KtYHOROS ADMINISTRATI VE-AGENU ES GOVERNMENT-l REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS KEYWORDS AOMINISTRATI VE-AGENCI6S RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS A£M XlsTRAH i!-A ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT FAflf I Tec CONSERVING RESOURCES ANO MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEv5o"s S"12-R«Suk« «w image: ------- 200 71 0806 . uu 71 0805 200 6* 1240 200 71 0826 200 69 0*23 200 69 0432 200 69 0526 2uO 70 0322 100 70 0561 200 69 0169 100 69 0045 100 70 1037 2UU 66 0149 100 70 1233 400 66 0380 200 70 0720 200 72 1022 100 69 1231 2CO 71 0805 600 72 1177 300 70 1101 200 69 0186 100 63 1219 100 66 1080 loO 68 0452 100 69 0052 100 69 0060 100 69 0081 100 69 1198 100 70 0372 luO TO 1041 100 71 1236 100 72 1097 200 69 0174 200 69 0181 200 69 0482 200 69 0542 200 69 0543 200 69 0676 200 70 0216 2oO 70 0221 200 70 1118 200 71 0770 200 71 0832 200 71 1252 200 72 1011 200 72 1013 200 72 1020 200 72 1021 300 67 1250 300 68 1122 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 300 70 1059 300 71 0269 300 71 0466 300 71 1008 300 72 1052 400 67 1226 400 73 1073 500 70 0391 500 70 0392 5UO 70 0405 600 69 1239 600 72 1149 600 73 1147 200 71 0762 300 70 0414 200 71 0605 200 68 1242 100 73 1164 300 72 1170 400 72 1166 600 72 1146 300 71 0639 300 68 1122 300 69 1103 600 72 1169 100 71 0450 100 70 0585 100 70 0260 200 73 1093 600 71 0271 200 71 0797 100 71 0257 300 71 OS13 400 73 1073 300 68 0741 300 70 0743 100 70 0023 300 71 1057 100 65 0366 200 66 0122 200 66 0123 200 69 0706 200 70 0220 200 70 0250 200 71 0640 200 71 0651 200 71 0662 GRAIN GRAINS GRAINS-CROPS GRAIN-SOKC.HUM GRANTS GRANTS GRANTS GRAMTS GRASS GRASS GRASSES GRASSES GRASSES GRASSLANDS GRASS-BELTS GRASS-TET4NV GRAVITY GREAT-SOUTH-BAY-LQ GREENHOUSES GREENSbERG-SlLlTY- GREErt-ALGAE GROSS-PROFIT GRUUHDWATER GROUMDHATEK GROUNOHATER GROUNOWATER GRCUNOWATER GROUNOWATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER GRUUNOWATER GROUNOWATER GRUUNUWATER GROUNOUATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER GROUNOWATER GROUNOWATER GROUNOHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNOHATER GROUNOUATER GROUNOHATER GROUNUHATER GRQUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNOHATER • ' GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER , GROUNDHATER GROUNOWATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATER GROUNDHATERAEROBIC GROUNOWATERS GROUNDHATER-FERTIL GROUNDHATER-MOVEME GROUNDHATER-POLLUT GROUNDHATER-POLLUT GROUNDHATER-POLLUT GROUNUWATER-POLLUT GROUNDWATER-SYSTEM GROUND-WATER GROUND-MATER GROUND-WATER GROUND-MATERS GROWERS GROWTH GROHTH GROWTH-CHAMBERS GROWTH-RATE GROWTH-RATES GROHTH-RATES GUELPH-SANOY-LOAM GUIDELINES GUIDELINES HABITATS HABITATS HANDLING HANDLING HANDLING HANDLING HANDLING HANDLING HANDLING HANDLING HANDLING KEYWORD INDEX COMPOSTING DAIRY COH WASTES KEYWORDS AERUBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING MITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COL I FORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFURMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTE 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-0 AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE CF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTE-DISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE FUNUING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRCNME dRU'lLER LITTER ON WELSH COAL TIPS KEYWORDS GRASS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRA NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYOROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT KEYWORDS ORGANIC-WASTES VOLUME ORGANIC-MATTER GRASS-BELTS P PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- RESEARCH NEEDS FUR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY POLLUTION AND EUTROPMICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND. NEW YORK KEYWORDS HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING MITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN DISPOSAL OF 8EEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL 3ACTEKICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING GROSS-PROFIT iMITrfATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWOROS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL MATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN GROUNOWATER CONTAMINATION KEYWOROS NITROGEN BARNYARD GHOUNOMATEK CONTAMINATION NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLOW-N RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUNOWATER POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWOROS FERTILIZERS PESTI DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM PCULTRY'LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GRO •STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTMASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL UF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNOWATER NITRA FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOB ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION G THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL MATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF' THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNDMATER FISH-KILL INDUSTRY S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWOROS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI CHEMICAL AND MICR08IAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEULOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR GRCONOWATER QUALITY AND FLUCTUATIONS IN A SHALLOW UNCONFINED AQUIFER UNDER A LEVEL FEED LANO-pISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER HATE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWOROS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWOROS GOVERNMENTS GROUNOWATER GROUNOWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA NITRATE POLLUTION OF MATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATERS NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDWATER R POLLUTION OF SIR WATER AND SOIL 6Y LIVESTOCK KEYWOROS AIR-PCLLUTIUN WATER-POLLUTION SOI POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION sot APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL CJF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER MATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS CN MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION INKILTKATION RATES AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS, TEXAS HIGH PLAINS IWJLTRATJON RATES AND GROUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEIDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS HE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWOROS PHOSPHORUS £ WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SE NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FRCM MANURED LVSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS BEHAVIOR'OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER-PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TO WATER-POLLUTION KEYWORDS PH SOURCES-OF-NITRUGEN IN MATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-HATER INF EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAIN'S INSTALLATION NITRAT MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWOROS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-OISPO MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGAT THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNDM CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GKOUNOWATER-FERTILITY SOIl- THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWOROS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWOROS HOM MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS CROUNOWATER-POLLUTION FARM-WASTES I USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDW NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUHE APPLICATIONS KEYWOROS APPLICATION-METHODS NITRATE AND SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND-MATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD BOD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY GROWERS AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BUD PROBLEMS POULTRY GR GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IK FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWOROS GROWING CORN IN GKOWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA INVOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FEED MICRO DRINKING OF SULFATE-WATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS GROWTH-RATES SODIUM-CHLORIDE TOXICITY CA FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES—SWINE KEYWORDS HAZARDS GROWTH-RATES 01ETHYIST ILBES NiTRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS RULES AND'GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF MATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL FE'EDLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CATTLE ECONOMICS IRR ATTRACTION OF COPROPHASOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS UN FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE ODCR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC HANDLING, STORAGE. ANU TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LICUID HUG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE LANII DISPOSAL AND STORAGE CF FARM MASTES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EOUIPM HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING StPARAT ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED KINGDON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-IREATMEN WAStE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATME 120 image: ------- .200 71 0771 HANDLING 200 71 0802 HANDLING 300 65 00i3 HANDLING 3UU 70 0206 HANDLING 400 66 0088 HANDLING 400 70 0579 HANDLING 400 71 0262 HANDLING 400 71 0311 HANDLING 400 71 0264 HANDLING-METHODS 400 71 0575 HANDLING-SYSTEMS 400 71 032") HATCHERY 1OO 70 1237 HATCHERY-EFFLUENTS 100 70 0020 HAUGH-UN1T 100 73 1184 HAWAII 200 71 0806 HAY 100 69 0416 HAZARDS 21/0 68 1244 HAZARDS 200 71 0280 HAZARDS 300 71 0511 HAZARDS 300 71 0513 HAZARDS 400 65 0485 HAZARDS iOO 64 1240 HEALTH 200 66 0115 HEALTH 200 66 0118 HEALTH 200 70 0234 HEALTH 200 70 0238 HEALTH 200 70 0239 HEALTH 200 71 0280 HEALTH 200 71 0664 HEALTH 200 71 0853 HEALTH 200 66 0127 HEALTH-AUTHORITIES 200 69 0518 HEALTH-PROBLEMS 300 68 0741 HEALTHi 100 72 1215 HEART 200 66 0143 HEAT-BALANCE 200 66 0136 HEAT-OF-COMPOSTING 6CJO 72 1074 HEAT-STRESS 300 71 1100 HEAVY-METALS 200 72 1021 HENS 100 70 0028 HEN-EXCRETA 100 71 1038 HERBICIDES 200 69 UBS HERBICIDES 300 71 0591 HERBICIDES 100 70 1111 HERRINGS 300 71 1100 HERRINGS 100 73 1155 HEXOSE 600 73 1031 HIGH-RISE-POULTRY- 100 73 1155 HISTOLOGY 100 64 0474 HOG H/U 66 0442 HOG 100 71 0451 HOC 200 70 0220 HOC 200 70 0687 HOS 100 62 1220 HOGS 100 65 0378 HOGS 100 66 0347 HOGS 100 68 0106 HOGS 100 69 0353 HOGS 100 69 0714 HUGS 100 70 0102 HOGS 100 70 0367 HOGS 100 71 0576 HOGS 100 72 1224 HOGS 200 68 1186 HOGS 200 69 0157 HOGS 200 69 0180 HOGS 200 69 0425 HOGS 200 69 0516 HOGS 200 69 0522 HOGS 200 69 0756 HOGS 200 69 1116 HOGS 200 70 1159 HOGS 200 71 0819 HOGS 200 71 0822 HOGS 200 71 0861 HOGS 200 72 1018 HOGS 200 72 1018 HOGS 200 72 1019 HOGS 200 72 1024 HOGS 200 72 1025 HOGS 300 26 1204 HOGS 300 46 1207 HOGS 300 53 1206 HOGS 300 67 1253 HOGS 300 69 1060 HOGS 300 69 1203 HOGS 300 70 0208 HOGS 300 70 0384 HOGS 300 70 1000 HOGS 300 70 1247 HOGS 300 70 1248 HOGS 300 72 1170 HOGS 400 64 0358 HOGS 400 68 0033 HOGS 400 70 0579 HOGS 400 71 0298 HOGS 400 71 0339 HOGS 400 72 1166 HOGS 600 72 1001 HOGS 600 72 1071 HOGS KEYWORD INDEX TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS AUTOMATED HANDLING, TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF WASTE HATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EOUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A n2VnI?mU*?V?r £iS?OS*L ' Is THERE • PROBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE OOORS, MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS u55TfrV^?LiNG WH*T ARE TH6 CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS WHY STIRRING MANURE REDUCES OOORS KEYWORDS AEH08IC ANAEROBIC STORAGE OOORS HANDLING HANDLING METHODS FOR LIOUIO MANURE ARE TESIEO KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-PUMPS FAR POULTRY WASTE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY HANDLING-SYSTEMS DISPOSAL OF HATCHERY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON OUALITY CHANCES IN SHELL EGGS DU ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HA/ARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC PESTICIDES KEYWORDS DDT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES ANIMAL WASTE REUSE NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW FECAL-KESIOUES FROM FEED ADOITIVES—SWINE KEYWORDS HAZARDS GKOWTH-RATES DIETHYISTILBES POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE- THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES 800 COO DO ODOR COSTS E8UIPMENT THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE FARM WASTES PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBIEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATI PESTICIDES KEYWORDS DOT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE RECYCLING BROILER HOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0 CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING HEALTH-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS ENTEROCOCCI ADSORPTION SILT-LOAM-SOIL HEA RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY HEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUEL ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR BELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR- DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO APPLICATION UTILIZATION ANC DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS HOUSEFLY LARVAE BIOOCGRAGATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-OUALITY TEXAS ECONOMICS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HERBI AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPHICAT POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORINATED-HYOROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DOOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP CAN LIME AND CHLORINE SUPPRESS OOORS IN LIQUID HOG MANURE KEYWORDS LIME CHLORINE ODORS REDUCTION OF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FAR* OXIDATION VAT KEYWORDS AE THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF IIOUIO HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HCG ABATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-WASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYWORDS BOD COO ANAEROBIC-DIGEST 10 AEROBIC-PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE KEYWORDS bOD COD COSTS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT OXIDAT OXIDATION DITCHES FOR WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS 80C ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT CiF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOD COD ODORS EOUIPMENT L EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN AND AMINO ACIDS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND 0 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWORDS ODORS COC CONFINEMENT-PENS FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION Of FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COO DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH, SETTLIN ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COO HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND SY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS 'FARM- FUTURE-TRENOS IN LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS WISCONSIN WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS PULLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH ON A LARGE CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEOUS SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION OITCH MIXED LIOUOR KEYWORD RECYC EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS UP ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL UHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS FAIRES V DUPREE WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES WATER OUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM FOUUNG OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUT ON UL DRYING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS PCULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURC-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO EOUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEV.ORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTID LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER O.UALITY REPORT NUMiER ONE KEYWORDS POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOSS BOD VOLUME WASTS-WATSR SIIBFirc UATCO IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION SEwIoE-OISPOSU EFFLUENT H OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE ODORS, MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS MANAGING SWINE WASTES TO PREVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATER-OISP FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RECIkCULATED WATER HUGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLLSHI HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FUR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AERQalC-TRFATM A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AW TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE 121 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 100 000 M lO6b 7^0 70 1066 700 70 110') 7uO 7i 1048 200 71 0827 300 67 1253 300 70 1000 100 6b 007S 200 72 1015 100 70 0050 0355 66 OL56 200 64 12 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX luJ 6B 0036 JO'J 46 1207 t(10 67 0734 luO 69 0679 300 71 124> 100 70 0069 10(1 73 118*. 2JU 66 01** 200 69 0185 20(1 70 0219 it'll 70 0670 2uO 71 0617 2UU 71 0653 300 72 1157 4ug 71 0329 61,0 72 1001 2UO 71 0764 100 69 0045 2UO 70 0223 }UU 69 1044 300 69 1124 300 72 H8J luO 70 0064 3ui) 72 1070 200 70 0687 100 70 0110 100 71 0484 200 li 0285 100 6% 0066 100 69 0360 200 71 0274 300 70 1247 100 67 U07S 100 67 1218 100 66 1229 100 70 1227 100 70 1230 200 70 0716 200 71 0647 200 71 0642 200 71 1033 200 71 1252 300 53 1206 300 66 1043 300 69 1060 300 69 1103 300 69 1203 3UO 70 1247 300 71 0744 300 71 0745 300 71 1100 400 69 1225 700 71 1120 200 70 1050 700 70 1046 200 71 1033 100 67 0302 100 64 0345 100 65 0346 100 68 0481 100 68 1121 100 70 0102 200 66 1242 200 70 0224 200 70 0227 200 70 1114 200 72 1022 300 71 0466 500 68 1259 500 70 0392 300 71 0269 300 72 1052 600 72 1146 100 66 0479 100 70 0014 100 70 0094 700 70 1066 700 70 1256 100 71 0509 300 70 0365 300 TO 0385 ICO 70 1194 300 69 0002 200 72 1016 100 68 0044 100 73 1034 100 73 1164 200 66 0132 100 68 1121 200 67 1243 100 62 1220 100 63 1064 100 65 1091 100 70 0570 100 70 1090 200 71 1094 200 71 1095 200 71 1096 300 68 1202 500 70 0395 IMMUNITY IMPAIREO-WATfR-OUA IMPOUNDING IMPOUNDMENTS IMPOUNDMENTS INCINERATION INCINERATION INCINERATION INCINERATION INCINERATION INCINERATION INCINERATION INCINERATION INCINERATION INCIN6RAIION INCLINED-PLANE INCOME INCUBATION INCUBATION INCUBATION INCUBATION INCUBATION INDEX-COMPOUND INDIA INDIANA INDICATORS INDICATORS INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS INDOOR INDOOR INDUCEMENTS INDUSTRIAL-PLANTS INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-HASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-HASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIAL-WASTES INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIES INDUSTRY INFANTIS INFECTION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION INFILTRATION-RATES INFILTRATION-RATES INFILTRATION-KATES INFLUENCE INFLUENCE INFLUENCE INFLUENT INFLUENT INFRARED-ANALYSIS INGESTION INHALATION INHIBITORS INLETS INLETS-WATERWAYS INOCULATION INOCULATION INOCULATION INOCULATION INORGANIC-COMPOUND INORGANIC-POLLUTIO INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES INSECTICIDES °F ™E *E-USE OF ""HER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S y« 0P,£LLUTI°N FRt"< AN1MAL W»STES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES Jin- PROBLEMS «^ORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER- 1RR IGATION nc «cn nr°M ALK4LINE H4TER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT ION AMMONIA NITR nU ?in ^nc°N "TER OUAL1TY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL *lSPQSAL °F W4STES FROM MODERN ""'CULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR '" "*"*" KEVHORUS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T r ANU"E 8Y "KINERAT10N KEYWORDS POULTRY HEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUEL M4N4GEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE NORT =n T GN °F *N ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWOKO ,,«™ F E TRE4™ENr ANU DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON c Hun N °R SEVERE T*EATMENT KEYWORDS INCINERATION SOLID-WASTES CHEMICAL-DE LRE.?°V4Le KEyHC"")S DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION WASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION R! r,2 Lr?ul! MAN»GEMEI"T GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M lin Sf.«* «?? "*STES KEVWOROS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA FUTM« 2™«£rTj ICiaING FILTER FOR SklINE *ASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM Ifr 0" AN'MAL AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-WASTES NUTRIEN »,DIGESII8IUTY CF "LLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION GRA NS °RMATIONS 4NO pl-»NT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATT c SFuMESc*c°,°N TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-N1 * S»n*C °RS °N MOVE(LEXING CAP'CITy ANO THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING LIGANDS OF WATER EXTRACT AIR. POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYU A ^INS ™E 'ERF°R"A"« OF OOMEiTic MIMLS - A LITEMTME »! l£ KEYW RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICAt ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT ION ,ENoT:ANAER08IC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SUE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT c *NU REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS 2nD°c POULT!(Y FECES U^DEI1 CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS IN THFTillL*^MHfN?LING °F ANAER06IC «>CROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE cnS uUIi^ HEN ' "LAMELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCEKA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWIN ni r,n ""CROBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KtYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR BIOD HE IMPACT Of AN S?r li«?«U5!a" KEYHORDS *UN6" WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS i.Tci SSFT 9F 4NIMAL «ASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES ?nl ?,?SLTnTiSNc=ESULTING FRCM A«'CULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-sSuRCES \ol\r\ly n? ™nll,fj*r 1*1MO HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS M^NURF il?c. 52n iu=? FRCM "UMAPHOS-FEO HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS II *N«ISEI!n?StE 'N FLV C°"TRU1- BYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY OV1 iin ln?,*??iTIVE f°* ™E CONTRUL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS c POLLUTION-SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU ArBCrIm?FDAGRICULrURES E"ECIS °N ^VIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS 41 W4STES KEVhORl)S OEHVURAT10N LAND-USE PROIEINS EROSION TECHNOLO HFM^T.v LI4B'LITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI CHEMISTRY ANO METABOLISM OF INSECTICIDES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDT DIELDRIN INSECT-CONTROL 123 image: ------- LuU TO 0028 ^00 TI 0852 3UO TO 0205 )UO 71 1106 1UO TO 0570 300 11 1106 5JO 68 1259 5>UO 70 0195 300 71 1106 200 64 1240 200 71 0590 2i,0 71 OB22 400 69 1239 <00 70 0219 400 72 117'J 6JG 71) U469 700 70 1256 (JO 69 0196 400 72 1171 200 69 oi82 200 70 0227 tuO 72 1002 200 70 0236 IUO 72 1222 2JO 69 01S4 2GO 71 0609 200 69 0544 200 69 0545 2uO 69 0561 500 70 0410 LOO 67 05QI 100 70 0024 2uU 69 0544 200 69 0545 2UU 69 0546 200 69 OS24 200 70 0715 400 71 0267 6CO 72 1031 3UO 71 0466 200 70 0217 200 71 1234 2UO 69 0425 200 69 0559 200 71 0264 200 11 1017 30C 69 1061 3UO 71 1056 4UO 7J 1136 400 71 1172 600 72 1071 600 72 1163 600 73 1065 TOO TZ 104S 100 69 119B 300 71 1100 300 70 0490 300 70 04B8 300 67 1250 100 t>8 0077 100 68 0297 100 6B 1121 100 TO 0049 100 70 0051 100 70 0458 100 71 0681 100 72 1097 200 66 0115 200 66 0152 200 69 0176 200 69 0431 200 69 0541 200 69 0547 200 TO 0232 200 TO 0237 2UO TO 0250 200 TO OT37 200 70 1118 200 70 1159 200 71 0667 200 71 0778 200 71 O801 20O 71 0326 200 71 0850 200 72 1014 200 72 1021 200 72 1022 300 62 0754 300 67 0701 3UO 68 1122 300 69 1160 3UO 70 0008 300 70 0475 300 70 0743 300 70 1059 300 71 0590 300 n 0639 300 7L IOCS 300 71 1106 SOD 73 1009 INSECTS INSECTS INSECTS INSECT-ATTRACTANTS INSECT-CONTROL INSECT-CONTROL INSECT-CONTROL INSECT-CUNTROL INSECT-RESISTANCE INSPECTION INSPECTION INSTALLATION INSTALLATION INSTALLATION -COSTS INSTALLATION-COSTS INSTRUMENTATION INSTRUMENTATION INSULATION INSULATION INTENSITY INTENSITY INTENSITY INTENS1VE-FARMNATU 1NTERLABORATORY-TE INTERMITTENT -LOAOI INTER-AGENCY-COOPE INVENTORY INVENTORY INVENTORY INVENTORY INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS INVESTMENT INVESTMENT INVESTMENTS IN-HOUSE-ORYING IONIZATION IONS IONS IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IOWA IKON IRRADIATION IRRIGATED IRRIGATED-AGHICULT IRKIUATED-LANU •IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION KEYWORD INDEX HOUSEFLY LARVAE B10DEGRADATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS aiQDEGRAOEO HEM MANURE ANU AOULT HOUSE FLIES THEIR MUTRltlOMftL VALUE TO JHE GROWING IH INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-PCLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS 01 MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT. ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE NAT ER-POLLUT ION-CO MANURE MITES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY 0V] MANAGING OUK ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WAfER-POLLUTION-CO naSTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KtYrfORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF 1NSECI1C1UES KEYWORDS ALDRIN DDI DIELORIN INSECT-CONTROL MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CD THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLlFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-fc ttdOEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANE^AL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI OESIGN, 'INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PASVEER OXIDATION DITCH ON A LARGE DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN UF Ah ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FECDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT WHY DOES IT SMELL SO BAD KEYWORDS DOOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAM1NAT THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARB HONFORr LOUKS AT TREATED MANURE FOR TRE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEEQ-LOTS PLASTICS TILES CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER CUALITV HYOROLCGY KEYWORDS HYDRCGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTEN RATES OF WATER-INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS ROT USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR OUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWOROS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOC FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA TREATMENT OP WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS 1NAEROB1C-COND1T REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK .AND POULTRY HASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MI HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF 'POLLUTION FROM FEELiLOT WASTES KEYWOROS RUN ALLIAMCE FOR ACTICIN KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGISTRATION INVENTORY WASTE-MA INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL SV COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OESRA PROBABLE SOURCES DF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS RDOEN HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY - KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MI HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS. LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA CONSIOERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE-DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS LABOR ANNUAL-COST I OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC WASTE MANAGEMENT WHAT DUES IT COST KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS "COST ANALYSIS COST F ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR INFILTRATION RATES AND GRCUNDWATER CUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY CF A POND RECEIVING ANIKAL WASTES KEYWORDS ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOO CUD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DIUJ.MAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWOROS IOWA FARM-WASTES L AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION HEYWD FEEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-W< OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT" AND TREATMENT OF SNINE MANURE KEYWOROS ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIDS NITROGEN EFFECTS Oh SWINE LAGOO.N EFFLUENT CF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPL1FIEU BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALCUSE R1VEB IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO SALINITY-CONTROL IN RETURN-FLOW FROM IRRIGATED AREAS A DEMONSTRATION-PROJECT KEYWORDS THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY-STANDARDS ON IRRIGATED-AGR1CULTURE IN THE COLURAOO-RIVER-BASIN DISTRIBUTION UF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE M10 FARH-WASTE-DISPOSAL IN RELATION TO CATTLE KEYWOROS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRIGATI METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF HATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION DF DEPTH AND AP IMPACT CF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES KEYWORDS BOO COD DISPOSAL IRRIGATION ' USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGUON EFFLUENT DESIGN ANU OPERATION OF A. FIELD OISPOS EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON SCME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS KEYW NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GrtOUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS.BOB COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOO COST NUTR DISPOSAL OF OAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY 4ERATED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS 000 COD OX MAJOR PROBLEMS QF HATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION FEEDLUT POLLUTION SLIDE ShflK KfYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIflAL FEEDLGT RUNOFF KEYWCKOS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION HAS CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATI THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F LAND DISPOSAL A. image: ------- KEYHORO INDEX 4uO 64 0358 400 67 1226 400 72 1032 400 72 1179 400 73 1007 400 73 1073 SOO 71 1072 600 69 1239 600 71 0288 600 12 1169 600 72 1177 600 73 1061 700 72 10*8 200 70 1118 2uO 66 0124 200 71 0607 300 70 1036 400 73 1166 200 71 0770 400 71 1174 -.00 73 1158 400 73 1183 600 72 1149 100 70 1041 200 68 1242 2uO 66 1244 400 71 1IV6 100 69 0105 100 70 0026 100 70 0110 100 71 0291 100 71 0307 500 71 1254 700 70 1256 200 64 1241 200 64 1241 200 64 1241 IfO 70 1237 200 66 0142 300 26 1204 300 30 1209 300 46 1206 300 49 1210 300 53 1206 300 68 1202 300 68 1209 100 65 0377 ICO 68 0337 100 69 0061 100 70 0042 200 70 0214 200 70 0226 300 70 0475 400 70 0070 100 67 0233 200 64 0759 ZOO 67 0734 200 67 1243 200 69 0543 200 69 0546 200 69 0553 200 70 0498 200 72 1013 200 72 1014 300 67 1249 300 68 1209 300 70 0743 300 71 1107 400 68 0038 100 62 0480 200 71 1094 200 71 1095 200 71 1096 300 46 1206 600 7S 1075 100 72 1215 200 71 0651 200 66 0120 200 66 0138 200 66 0139 200 69 0167 100 71 1213 100 71 1213 200 71 0618 300 71 0412 100 65 0067 100 70 0102 200 66 0115 200 66 0126 200 69 0202 200 69 0924 200 69 0706 200 70 0687 400 69 0039 400 72 1032 100 55 0328 100 65 0378 100 66 0478 100 70 0034 100- 70 0270 IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRR1GA1ION IRRIGATION IRKIGAfI UN IRRIGATION IRKIGATIUN IRRIGATION IRKIflATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATION IRRIGATIOU IRRIGATION-EFFECTS IRRIGATION-HEADS IRRIGATION-PRACTIC IRRIGATION-PRACTIC IRRIGATION-STORAGE IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS 1RRI GAT I ON-SYSTEMS IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS IRRIGATION-SYSTEM IRRIGATION-SYSTEMS IRRIGATION-WATER IRRIGATION-WATER IRRIGATION-WATER IRRIGATION-WATER ISOLATION ISOLATION ISOLATION ISOLATION ISOLATION ISOLATION ISOTHERMS ISOTRICHA-INTESTIN ISOTRICHA-PROSTOMA 1SOTRICHS JOROAN-RIVER-MICH JOULE-HEATING JUDICIAL JUDICIAL-DECISIONS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS JUDICIAL-DECISION JUDICIAL-DECISIONS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS K K K K K M K K KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KANSAS KENNEL KENTUCKY KENTUCKY KENTUCKY KENTUCKY KENTUCKY KIDNEYS KINGDOM KJELDAHL-NITROGEN KJELDAHL-NITROGEN KJELDAHL-NITROGEN KJELDAHL-NITROGEN KLEBSIELLA KLE8SIELLA-PHEUMON KNOWLEDGE LAB LABOR LABOR LABOR LABOR LABOR LABOR LABOR LABOR LABOR LABORATORIES LABORATORY LABORATORY LABORATORY LABORATORY LABORATORY KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS 800 VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER «,, ™ «cvn K6Y1"-ROS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATEK-POLLUTION-SOURCES SE ? Tn Irnc «cS,SnTEED"L°TS CAmE """-WASTES °™« IRKIGATION LABORATORIES FEEDER cuSfO ,nl ^EE°r°J RUN °FF KErW(JRDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT FEEDERS SCULOtO FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTF? NITHATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FAR SJSr-tESTJU.'^inll'SS* AS FE*IU1"RS «»w»os FARM-wAius SEWAG lis^E-oispsAL FIE r CROP IR*IG!M™ \,\S££, RE"UCTICm «™ORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION CROP Y?F?f% H,|S ,12n SL?,0?1 ^AT'U5i PON° EFFLUENT KEYWORDS MISSISSIPPI IRRIGATION 0X1 DISPOSAL OF HFFF c»ninr uicrcc hJ?SE/ANU"E APpL'CAT10NS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS EFFECTS 0? s2?« ffrnnS «r.S,lL°nI0,CROPUND KE™OI»°S FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL tPhECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KFYunon<; SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATEO SWINE WASTES AS LlS??EO 8Y NITROGEN SWINE LIVKtt Lloflin «. n Tn f,n« £2 ?« E 'KLUI«t DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01 RU"OFF IR«IGATION-P*ACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEME "'" °N •P°LLUT ION KE™°»°S AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO ^ IH£ IEST *E™°ROS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING N° IHE CONSeRV*TION PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GROUNOHATER . BASIN T° ANO™eR "SWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-L C*N YCU LE*"E EM KEVtlOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WAST ^OR" FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS rn nCISTEM *EC6IVINS LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF n«r nALn*[J?«°F StLINIT¥ 4ND M 'RATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG P?TUSrc«? Ln li^ic6 DR<;»'(ISHS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN S? S "EL4TED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC n «,MCC rSunl;YrWiIH AStl "^l-UtlON LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB AMn 5?«l? «r?2,TI«S,°< SV"«-B"".DING ODOR KEYWORDS ODOR-THRESHOLD CHROMAT Pe J^LnMc ° °R IHE OETeCT'0N *^0 ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM WXED CULT nc ir*?? eLAE "°M R6NDEReu BV-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRIC n? r^Smnc?*. 'f^"10" Of SALMONELLA^ AND SH15ELLAE FROM FECAL SPECIMENS KE S ' US FK°H M6I-IOTHIS-AR«|SERA AND ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES ,KnIS°R05 ISOI-*T'ON CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS "2*^ORU5 1N S»TU«»TEO SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT "OTOi!OA "DWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOiOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI ^QTOZO* KEYWORDS «UMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI RSJSfU* KeYWORDS «UMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI REMnv nf n,,p n iM°NID F'SH H4TCHER1« KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS OEWATERING E 'LIN6 STREAM "«HLUT?oS i? UWM"I?«IM™OC F!M K"W»S ' PREVENT DILUTION OF SPRING -ATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS «no= cuc ° 6NJOIN 5EWA6E FL^W KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO MEASURE AND ELEMENTS Of DAMAGES-FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES DECISIONS ° OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI T " N " o n , T« PHY mn nc T« PHY! nin?v nf T«e pSLLU?ION n u nt ,« «« *NO "QPS KETW0"OS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-DISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOD N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT !;2iSE$ °F FeNN'^E «»ERSHED1 KE?w2RDS MRTKUER? J'U K r = n, r,o 9PERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC «« ip?iSnLn^RJeI° S°IL AN° NATEPl "OLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COD FERTILIZERS *IO*jin SfrI«Fn"«I??2 ? CETERMININS THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC i« IiE2.,SeuA^eShV?S^6IVES F1ELD CRDf>S NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS 1RRIGATI ciii? ?J «n2 " DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F STREAM muiT ™ «S2 ANJEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEOLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO RE* U FEec"-OT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-OEMAND CH6MICA R?;kEHS K6Yk(C"'OS F»«M-W«TES FEEDLCTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION ,„ cc*SIES °M "*TE" »ESOIJR«S ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES R2^.,INU«ISLSI.?SI;LUTION CONTRUL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI U* »*Bn*? JlL^ILn^T PRDSRAM *<*»°*°S LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA UATFB BniPMTlnw ?SS«nf ?* J^SLi" ION CONTR.°L PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE IpPUMl^oS'u?!?!?!??!!.*^^^ 5* LIVESrU" *E™OR°S "R-Po!"??ONCWATlRlpO ""»" "if *e»lfSNn?Ai lih fAJiSr/N° DISPOSAI- UF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T J™ \**.nl S he ANO REUTEO H4ST£S CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS ATKINSON V HEKINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEEL" LOT OPERATORS ANO CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI w"{ERLpSLLSUT?LDrEn^?n"'C COMMERCIA1- fSEBLOTS IN KANSAS KEYWORDS CHUB ECMMICS M =o.^? POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C PONDS STOP POLLUTION FKOM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-QUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNO CAGE AND KENNEL WASTEWATE* KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOD TS TVS WAMcflJlSms CAG ?10 A"E"S KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION "oN^CsS EFFECrS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYWORDS V tinrn KE^OROS CEHYURATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO IH ««?T n2 S.*?I ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS iMlSK'SSsT?" S!ij;LIl!JrVf!lIKrD,l',SE?IiON,FO* TR"IU" """'^ IN»"OLSGUU SAMPLES KE ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THC UNITED KlNGOON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYORATION WASTE-TREATMEM 0 S?SNA«?TR^2fFn.^JAJTLE |!EEOLOTS KEYWOROS BORAGE "TROGEnRGSN.C-wlTRMN^ DES1SN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGCONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COD BOC TFMP CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNI8UES KEYWORDS LAGUONS CCD BCD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF I AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COD LHiDlS A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGE*IC-BACTERU ENTE*?C- A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGSN C-BACTER A ENTER C TSnNF"lN« OF5 IsHES'pOULT^MfN5?,,^ "J'^ "™ C^wSlcSISs'TlJSw 0 W? S m 125 image: ------- KEYWORD INDtX 10U 71 0303 200 60 0135 100 62 0480 1UU H 1232 lol) 70 OJfcS 300 TO 1101 luu 65 0503 100 65 0699 100 70 036') ICO 71 121* 20U 66 0139 20J 66 0141 200 66 0143 200 66 1112 100 66 069V 200 72 HOB luO 72 0746 2oi) 64 4750 00 rS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAG LAbURATURY-A.JIMALb WASTE HATtK FROH SIMIAN PHIMATE FACILITIES KEYHORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA LABORATORY-STUDIES AIH POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE UF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEYM LAbORATORY-STUUIES BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS KEYHOROS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-BACT LABORATORY-TESTS THE MICRObIOLOGY OF BUILT OP POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATOR LAaORATORY-TEbTS THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT OP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOL05Y BACTERIA FARM-HASTES LABORATORY-TESTS,! ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SHINE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS,TEMPERATURE SLUO LASORATURY-TL'STS IUENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES UF H- 1,1-U1METHYIPKOPYNL -3.i-UICH10ROBEN2ANINE IN RAT A LABORATORY-TESTS CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIUUES KEYWORDS LAGUONS COD BOO ACTIVATEO-SLUOCE RUNOFF A REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS OEWATfRINO E DESTRUCTION OK CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY HtAT-bALANCE SOLID-FUEL CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTEKIA FARM-HASTES EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE (IN THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RONOFF KEYWORDS RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC LASOONING OF LIVESTOCK HASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONFI EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYUROPOH1C CULTURE AND THEIR'ABILITY TO A THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU AEKOblC DIGESTION OF SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGENATION AERATION LAGOON 0*I CATIUN-OITCH REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK HASTES WITH IN-THE-8UILDING OXIDATION Oil TREATMENT Of FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGUON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES REDUCTION UF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY UlOLOGICAL OEN1TRIFICA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LAHS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISL FEEOLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS OCGR DUST NITROGEN LAGUON tVAP LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLUT WASTES KEVWUROS RUNUFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLEH-1RRIGAT DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION BY USE 0 BOO ANALYSIS CF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED 8V FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBI WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOD COLIFORM FISHK WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK UF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KCYMOR USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REOUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOW LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF CATTLE FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON PONC FOB LABOR FREE MANOKE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGUON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI DAIRY-SET-UP FOR 200 COHS KEYWORDS LACOON COSTS FKEE-STALL-HOUSINC EVAPORATIVE-LAGOON THE INFLUENCE OF F6ED ADDITIVES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SHINE MAS HOG-HASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS OUOR BOU COO E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWOHUS BIOUEGRADATION ALCAE BOO ANAEROBIC-DI LASOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY. DAIRY SWINE BOO ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-WASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY KEYHORDS BOO COO ANAER06IC-OIGESTIO LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SHINE WASTE KEVHORDS FARMHASTES HASTE ANAERObIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYHORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION BOD COO NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC-DIG OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOO COO ODORS EQUIPMENT L CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SHINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF HASTE DISPOSAL K USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGUON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYHCRDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD I • POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEDLOT OPtKATIUNS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR HATER-POLLUTION SOME EFFECTS UF ORGANIC HASTES ON AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED HABITATS KEYHOHOS LAGO LAGUONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYHORDS WASTE-WATEK-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO . SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS KEYHOROS DOOR SULFUR-BACTERIA LAGOONS ANIMAL-HASTES KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT POLLUTION-ABATEMENT DISPOSAL TREATMENT LAGOONS POLL HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT HASTE KEYHORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC MACERATION FOR DISPOSAL CF HEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOONS SEPTIC-TANKS EOU1PM HEUU1REMENTS FOR MICRODIAL REDUCTION UF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYHOROS LAGOONS DOOR BIOD DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGCONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHOROS COD BOU TEMP CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COO BCD ACTIVATED-SLUDGE RUNOFF A ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL HASTES IN THE PROVI DISPOSAL OF'DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS ANU IRRIGATION KEYWORDS SOU COO OX MAJOR PROBLEMS OF HATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION fEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHCW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLL FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS UUALITY OF EFFLUENT FRUM SHINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-HATERS DISCHARGE LAGO MICRUblOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILISATION PONO KEYWORDS BIULCGICAL-TREATMtNT MICROBIOLOGY 0 POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS It SOUTH DAKOTA KEYHORDS LAGOONS FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITEu-KINGUUM SLURRIES dOD CUD DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT THE PROBLEM 0V THE FARC ANIMAL HEALTH KEYHOHOS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGUONS SLURRIE BUILDING DESIGN KEYHOROS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES UISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEY.OKOS DOOR SLUSHIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COD OXID HASTE-DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION, POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDER1NG-KLAHT ODORS SEHAG METHODS OF SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ACKINISTRAT LIUUlC HASTE TREATMENT II OXIDATION PONDS AND AERATED LAGOONS KEYWORDS »EROttIC-TREATM ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOH CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FRCM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE ANU RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE* PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEECLCT HASTES KEYHORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOUNS RUNOFF ANIMAL HASTE UISPOSAL bECOMES A MCRE DIFFICULT PRUBLEM KEYHOHDS ODOR GASES LAGOONS ME IMPLICATIONS flF HATER QUALITY LAHS FOR THE FEtOLOT INDUSTRY KEYHOROS CONTROL POLLUTION- DISPOSAL UF LIOUIO HASTES FROM PARLORS ANU MILK HOUSES KtYWOrfD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPM THE MISSOURI APPROACH TO AMMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LAGOONS DESIGN IRRIGATION M CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION MA PERIUCID1TV OF THE BLUE-ORtEN-ALGAE AND THEIK EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANUHE-DISPOS PRINCIPLES OF FEEOLOT ODOR CONTROL KEVHORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEEO-LOIS FARM-HASTES AEROBIC SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT UUOR SPRAY UNDER-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES DAISY LAGOUNS RUNOFF FERTILISER DISPU LIQUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TC ANOTHER KCYHUfcDS AUUIFER CATTLE FARM-HASTES FEEO-L NEH ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN THE PRICE TAG TU STOP FEEDLCT RUN OFF KEYHORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-OISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS AND FIELD-SPREAD MANURE AS SOURCES C^ HULLUTANTS KEYWOKC.S POLLU MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE CF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER KEYHORCS DISPOSAL N ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYwO«US COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT LAGOONS HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYHCRCS FAKM-JASTo SEWAGE WASTE-OISPOSAL IRRIG LAGOONS DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FRCM ANAERC8IC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-.ASIES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION LABORATORY-TESTS LAHQRATURY-TEST LAUOKATORY-TESTS LACTOftACILLUS LAGGONS LAGOON LAGUUN LAGOCN LAGUON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOUN LAGOON LAGOON LAGOUN LAGOON LAGUON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOON LAGOONING LAGOONING LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGUONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGUONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS 126 image: ------- 6UO 73 1065 7l/0 7U 1066 7l/00 73 1063 Mull 70 1195 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 luO 62 0292 10U 71 0756 21/0 70 1050 kOO 68 0724 200 72 1029 buO 71 0100 ICO 70 0083 100 71 0450 100 71 1228 200 69 0179 2uO 69 0200 200 69 0201 200 69 0521 200 70 0114 200 70 0324 300 71 0319 100 70 1037 100 70 0510 100 70 0458 100 73 1184 200 71 0605 200 71 0642 200 69 0200 200 69 0528 200 69 0535 200 70 0243 200 71 1096 200 72 1108 100 63 1064 LOO 70 1090 100 71 1092 100 73 1165 200 70 0716 200 71 0852 100 65 1091 300 71 OSIS 200 70 0240 300 70 0181 200 71 0593 200 71 0594 200 71 0595 200 71 0596 ZOO 71 0597 200 71 0599 200 71 0600 200 71 0601 200 71 0602 300 71 0584 iOO 71 0440 300 70 0073 200 71 0788 200 69 0187 100 64 0)71 200 66 0129 100 *S 0381 100 66 1080 100 67 0076 100 TO 1233 100 71 1039 100 71 1197 200 69 0429 200 71 0826 200 71 0830 200 71 0654 2uO 71 0856 200 71 0897 300 1077 300 70 1036 300 71 1107 400 73 1168 500 70 0393 500 71 1072 600 69 1239 7UO 71 1120 400 73 1168 300 71 1261 100 69 0095 100 70 1194 200 66 0150 200 70 0240 200 71 0664 LASUONS LAIDUNi LAUUO.'JS LAGOON-UESIGN LAGUUN-EFFLUENT LAUOON-FFEDINC LAGOON-FLORA LAGOON-OPERATION LAG-TIKE LAKE LAKES LAKES LAKES LAKES LAKES LAKES LAKt-ERIE LAKE-EUTROPHICATiO LAKE-EUTROPHICAT1J LAND LAND LANO LANDFILLS LAND-APPLICATION LANO-APPLIC4TIUN LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-OlSPOStU LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-DISPOSAL . LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-DISPOSAL LAND-MANAGEMENT LAND-NEEDED UNO-REQUIREMENTS LAND-SPREADING LAND-SPREADING LAND-SPREADING LAND-USE LAND-USE LAND-USE LAND-USE LAND-USE LANO-USE LARVAE LARVAE LARVAE LARVAE LARVAE MARVAE LARVAL-MORTALITY LARVICID6S LAN LAW LAMS LANS LAWS LANS LAMS LAWS LAMS LANS LAMS LAMS LAMSUITS LAWSUITS LAM-SUITS LAYER LAVERS LAYING-BIRDS LAYOUT LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHINC LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEACHING LEAKAGE LEAST-COST-SHIPMEN LEAST-SQUAHES LEE-RI LEGAL LEGAL LEGAL KEYWORD INDEX S"INE L*000>l EFFLUE,1T OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS =^ ^ - s c A- E , .»™T P,,in-??I °S n cnrc RUNOFF KSYWCRUS LAKES MATER-QUALITY TEXAS L«F ««nnv ^?Ci6TJ F0" *PPLI" BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS MATER-POL ANN~UA Swiwt SB A?TI£?T?i2°S T?0"05 EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS MATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER .GSJcuLruRLA^^r!oS"^NT KE*NGR°S "HO'OWNTMH.S HATER-SoLLUHUN N ?R.T S RwMTM AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF HATER BOOIES KEYWORUS MATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOiPHO lwl?tl0!";ii^,S»*!D,°N "'^FORMATIONS OF SOU NITSScS^lIiSoj SlIRIFIMTlSS sS?L-N? »GR?CUL?URAL SNH «S[2!?.UN M°V6"e"T °f N'T«»TE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS HANDLING Jin ,,t«n?RA nA6E tr° """" P°L1-urIt">l """OROS KUNOFF bOO DISEASE LANO DRAIN «r «t S .S*ITL£ f"OLOT "*STE KEYWORDS CH*RACTE*ISTICS LANO ANAEROBIC «n,,»«ie? ° ENYIRONM6NTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI «?vin!^!NTS F°R UISPOS»I- °F "-"H"" »*NURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN L «tF ntr?n °S°S FAR"-"»"" CHOP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKEIING MAS B«n,,,f nI»lrtn'SN/OR P01-LUTION ABATEMENT KEYHORDS LAND-APPLICATION RUNOFF PER * PERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE I" SOILS *ND WOUND-MATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL Of DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP H*T" POLLUTIDN CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTtS IN 1HE PROV1 ""'-TRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT VARIOIJS L»NO DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F TION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASf-FL « , 0 f»TER-POLLUTION AIR-POUUTION ECONOMICS CO n ""'CULTURAL-WASTES - CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES KEYWORDS RESEARCH-NEE lrSJ?r$. ,L;SIcSteHS »«OBIC-LAGOONS AERATED-LAGOONS ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS LANO-BISP ««6!'SUrTVRE IHE PI(OBLEHJ *W T"E EFFfcCT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ?«5? 5K c M*NU*E CHALLENGES. WASTE DISPOSAL MEtHOOS KEYWORDS COSTS FER I*Ec *N4E«cilIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA oi E !" 'N "*"*" KETI<0'"'S FARM.MASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL MASTE-T ««UT1S? ^EY((OI»OS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GROUNOWATER-FERTILITY SOIL- ern«nrt nl1^ "'«' P"-ES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS MATER- 2SSi L2Jn « ."*NU*E "'S1""*1- KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS ODOR LAND-USE GOALS POPULATION •«f JMSnPf?"Lf"S "" "I-WTH-COUNTY KEYWORDS ZONING LANO-USE REGULATION HATER-POL elr M«i?Sr Srol?, ? 5TE Pf(0f"-EMS «»*UULTRY AND CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGBNIC-BACTERIA BORON .Pnnhrli?\ FREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS L UTIN LEGH *SI>ECTS » - ECTS «»«>RDS LAW LeGAt-PROCEOURE REGULATION KEYNORDS STATUTES LAMS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEG1SL -M^iM*L N*SI6S «TWORDS LAWS PERMITS ODOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA ,?{?! 5 !? C E SNV1RUNMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E ST"*S STAT6 LANS KEVh0ltOS RU"0" REGULATION FEEOIOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA "«l»l«NG 10 LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN ANOMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF n,un£EN!,.L, V"T"" FEEOLOT, WASTE CONTROL. PROGRESS-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG °^*HDMA "HVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES I?«?ti;,i; !r,,''?i''U"ON CO"TR01- "O'^AHON IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULA '* «Ii* T " '" AN""L "SIE """AGEMENT KEYHORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT V «,PER!AINI"G I0 LIV«TOCK FEEULOr DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K «ERIJ! M^«CTE2VIRUc''E"'TAL """"-ATIONS IN PORK-CROOUCTION KEYWORDS NUI LAnM p«^IVe^E M E "'SSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS DOOR NOISE LAMSUITS OAMA LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-A CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LI 1(1 ID MANURE STORAGE TANKS "° * " -Q » pnnr *"'" "' ™ hASI6 «>ISPOS»L KEYWORDS POULTR.Y ODOR CLAYS CO nHDnM«n* ?^i?l^'T?,/E1"ORDS "'DAIION-DITCH EFFLUENT BOO LININGS SECOND lB £S ?,? « ? NATURAL WATER-A HEV1EW KEY.OROS NlfKOGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN NITRATE AMO OTHER HATEM POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NITRATES WATER- LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUt IDN-SOuSc NUTS!^,sLisJIRLA!:S °RA!?,IN? -°OBLANO ANO F»R""»" «« MM"?« S"S K^LORD? $cu c NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LANC KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT CONTRlauTION OF FEAT1LI/6KS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORD^ T^TKOP^CATION EROSlSS NITRuG CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE FATE Of INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LANO-PISPOSEO MNUKES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURAUO SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT RfSo GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAI*Y WASTES KEYWoSo JfSnP NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL KEYWORD M^-WAMES sSlL ML \£ SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED MTH LARGE AMOUNTS Of AMIMA^ Ll«-B« a « r H S? ^ HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS A ESw* S«K?IS ^"SSrS'.s^^.a sr^ju."^^ .KSSS* t ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ANU AGRICULTUKAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE 127 image: ------- 0788 1019 JjJ 46 120' 500 70 0408 tUO 71 07S9 100 05 0470 lou 69 1042 100 70 0228 100 70 1217 100 71 1228 .£00 68 1186 200 69 0157 200 69 0159 2jO 69 0163 2uO 69 0426 200 69 0431 200 69 0756 2,/j 70 0235 200 70 1050 203 7L 0591) ^00 71 0609 200 71 iuO 72 300 1105 300 26 1204 300 30 1205 300 46 1206 300 67 1249 300 68 1202 300 68 1209 300 69 1061 300 70 1192 300 70 1201 300 70 1247 300 71 0301 300 71 0704 300 71 1055 300 71 1056 300 71 1107 300 72 1157 400 65 0485 400 70 0068 400 70 1133 400 71 1137 400 71 1196 400 72 1166 300 69 0001 300 70 0383 100 69 0037 100 70 0084 100 71 0454 200 69 0157 200 69 0181 200 69 0423 200 69 0426 200 69 0432 200 69 0533 200 69 0544 200 69 0545 200 69 0546 200 69 0551 200 69 0552 200 69 0555 200 69 0558 200 69 0562 200 69 0563 200 69 0566 200 70 0114 200 70 0225 200 70 0236 200 70 0239 200 70 0241 200 70 0320 200 70 1050 200 71 0284 200 71 0285 200 71 0593 200 71 OS44 300 1105 300 53 1206 300 69 1061 300 70 0385 300 70 1192 300 7U 1201 300 70 1247 300 71 0457 3UO 71 0584 300 71 1107 300 71 12*6 1UO 70 1037 300 65 0739 200 71 1234 100 73 1128 200 71 0836 100 64 1200 300 70 1104 300 69 0007 100 68 0036 200 71 0440 iOO 71 0740 300 71 12*5 200 71 0851 LE3AL LEiAL LEGAL-ASPECT LEGAL-ASPECTS LEliAL-ASPCCTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-ASPECTS LEGAL-IMPLICATIONS LEGAL-PROCEDURE LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGISLATION LEGUMES LEGUMES LEMNA LEMNACEAE LEPTCSPIRES LEPTODORIOAE LEPTOSPIRA LETHAL-SITUATIONS LEUCOSIS LICENSING LIGHT-INTENSITY LIGHT-PENETRATION LIGNINS KEYWORD INDEX FAIRES V DUPRL'E MATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-HASTES LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES S.ILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DUALITY STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS CONTROLLING OUOKS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTi AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG THC PKOULEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN HATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-HASTES RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN FRINGE KEYWORDS ODOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT APPLYING UACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATIQN ALTERNATIVES FOK THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES OISP TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION—NOH AND IN THE YEARS AHEAD KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS OESIGN-STA EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FCR TREATMENT OF AMMAL HASTES REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLCI HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-OUAL MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS DOOR TREATMENT FAC UHIG1NS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK THF LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI MODEL STATE STATOTE FOR ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL KEYHUROS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI REGOLATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY HASTES KEYHORDS REUSE REGULATION LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK ANO POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-* PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS RULE ANO REGULATION FUR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTL1NG STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPEH RIPARIAN HOC FARM KEYWORDS SUMNEfl V OUELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING HATER BY CATTLE KEYHORDS GKEEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TC ENJOIN SEHAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIHALS OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF 1NSECUCI ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OHNERS JOINT LIA81LI RULES FOR CONFINED' FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYHORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO STATE AGENCIES REGULATING CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULATION FEOE PLANNING ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS REGULATION ECONOMICS GOVERNMENT-ACENC ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES HATER-USER AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO HATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN N POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE- POSSIBLE DEFENSES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POULTRY NUISANCE POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION HASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING REGISTRATION IS REOUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB HOH MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYHORDS ANIMAL-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBI PORK PRODUCERS ANO POLLUTION LEGAL ASPECTS KEYWORDS LAW LEGAL-PROCEDURE REGULATION WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS HATER-QUALITY-ACT BOO PHOSP FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE OF THE ODOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED LIQUID POULTRY MANURE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION KEYWORDS ECOLOGY SOCIAL CHANGE LEGISLATION ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHOROS BOD COO 00 PH HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION C 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESICN-0 REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEOLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-QUAL, AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI THE REGULATORY RDLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL-RESOURCES KEYHOROS LEGISLATION POLIU HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION HI HOH TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO THE KANSAS ANIMAL HASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA MINNESOTA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULAT STATUS,PLANS,!. NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DA STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS COLORADO S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, ANO NEEDS fOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOIOT POLLUTION C ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEOLOT REGULATION .KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM KEYHORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION SWINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO LEGAL-RESTRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYHOROS ODORS HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK FARM HASTES PUULIC HEALTH ANO NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATE SEHERS ANO SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYHOROS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACT IVATED-SLUOGE CAP AGRICULTURAL-HASTES IN AN URBAN-ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARC THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYHOROS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS POLLUTION-CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO SHOULD MAKE THEM KEYWORDS INDIVIDUAL-RIGHTS LEGISLA ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHOROS STATUTES LAHS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISL REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK ANO POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD ADMINISTRATIVE AG RULE ANO REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYHOROS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-HASTES L AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING TH6 PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEVW IMPLICATIONS OF HATER DUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA MATES-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL HASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INOUSTRIAL-HASTfcS WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO DISPOSAL OF LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYHOROS AGRICULTURAL-C FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT UN THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS NITRATE AND WATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NIIRATE SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS USE Of DUCKWEED FOR HASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-WATER-TR SURVIVAL ANO DETECTION UF LEPTOSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORD PATHOGEN! PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAUOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHHAITE FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-GASES FROM STORED SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYHORDS ODORS CARDQ OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE UF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE Of MAREK S LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TC ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK-PROOUCTION KEYWORDS NUI PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE EFFECTS OF FEEDLUT RUNOFF ON HATER QUALITY OF 1MPOUNOMENTS KCVWORUS RESERVOIR FISHFUL NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED ANO CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE HASTES KEYWORDS 128 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 300 71 1061 100 62 1220 100 68 044Z lUJ 70 0048 30j 71 1056 100 68 0381 200 64 1241 50'J 71 1254 100 58 0580 10J 59 0459 100 65 036o ICO 68 0442 1^0 70 006S 200 71 0665 W"»ON KEYWORDS LTouIo MANURE H?o5esf OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWOROS SLUDGE ODOR DISPJSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC ,T,rRESS °°°™ IN "MID ™ MANURE «V«SDS L Se CHLoIlM ODOR !T-nr«BLeMS "E™0"05 POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION «ol TT™ ,?°CERN D*Iltr FA*M "YWROS CATTLE SOU-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPTIC-T AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIQUID AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS B IOOEGRADATION NITRIFIC SUBSURF!^Dn,«n^rLW4IER "^OVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING p5oSp5»TE "S^mSsM "iSi AFBATRnS E,?iSn?o r °? LIUUI° MANURE KEYW°R° WASTE-DISPOSAL FERTILIZATION WASTE-STORA AERATION KITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIOUID SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS K "" " ^ CAGED nr ,.« * PANT «r fnp *S »??„•«», M4N*Ge«NT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TRE °IL KEYWOROS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES ACRICULTU BYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIQUID-HANDLING SHUO MOISTURE- "ITH OXIOATI°N DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS O-fUKROW-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES L L'OUI° M*NU"E SVSTEM« f°* FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST HANOLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-BISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA DIGESTI°N FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE n ov1-6 S°UDS FROM OUTD°OR BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWOROS =n«oT?cI*Y ANURE HANDLING S^TEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-UISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA £5?,, ,RJ n 4N'MAL MiNlJRES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP «En*nV l?c=°F LI«UI0-M»NUR6 DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYHOR E OTR S^i IY HYORQI-°GY KEYWOROS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQ PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUT IONS KEYWORDS WATER- ? n*TE SYSTEH F°R * L4R5E-SC»'-E CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD *^R!SIST*NCE IRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG tn MM.C OS;HO"US FR°M "R'CUl-TURAL LAND KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC N,J?n?*2URnJ^™ENTS *ND "ROCSSSING OF ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-W C* TRATIQNS 1N SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY BIOLOGICAL OENITRIFICA E F°OD pR°CESSING INDUSTRY KEYWOROS LIOUIO-WASTES INDUSTRI KET"ORDS LIQUID-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AEROBIC-TREATME °f LIVESTO« **»STES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY PRQC£SS FOR ""LE HASTES KEYWOROS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT . TANKS KEY"ORDS UeUlD-WASTES PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES n««TOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIOUID AND MANURE KEYWORDS L D po, np ,'7SmJ iA' KEY«°«DS LITERATURE LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES llr. nA^n7^TSiE?T RECOVERY »N° UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA «»A^u?Ifc°uAL?L«ATTLE FEEDLOT "ASTE KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC DS« tl'^ln «NJ^M£NI KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIOATION-DIT 2 5*? KEYV(0RDS ODQR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES on,^ I1VE'VALUE AND POTENT'AI- PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW n. « .n?,^JRY °eEP UTTER "E^OR" CORYNEFORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER M««nN« HM fuc «cIRI LITTER "»TW«»I-S-AN EXAMPLE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S 1 PO»I«>ILI?,ESL EREvim" SOD N P^'SoistuS -CO^TEN L1TTEI> KEYWORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-G CF FIVE LITTER ""ER I ALS-ABSTRACT KEYWOROS POULTRY °F ESCMER'CHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALWORM CO F BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS FUMIGATION BROILER LITTER cA^.UTIER °N PR°°UCTION OF BROILERS KEYWORDS EFFECT LITTER S FEED FOR RUM'N*NTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRITIVE-VA FACTDRS ON-p°l"-TRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWOROS NITROGEN CARB rur ERJIL'"TION USINC "DULTRY LITTER BYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- InC«'C*i CONCEPIIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA KEYWORDS ncSon,UITER °N TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE 0 in FM» 2^,,,^^* MANURE KEY"OROS LITTERLIFE FECAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP BAcA* ?n«?!R?LTAn^E,°F PEAN°T HULL ANO WODO SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEE- BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY HOUSES ANO ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY '' EER" ''TGCA THE n* mc MFf,,?S?iLnR ON THE n FOR TRIIIUH MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE AGRICIJLTUR»I. ACTIVITIES KEYWOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES D f«H l, uSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS OAIRY-CATTLE SLATTED-FLOORS OX RECOVf OF HAfTP?,^ SArJ?cSfTA KEYWOI "0 DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L AGR cm?uRA* in^MiT^nS nRC »«LICV ON EUT«OPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION LOSSES OF SlT«SrFNl2n Sun«In» !°D'ES KEYNOROS "TER-POLLUT ION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO LIVESTOCK wil?i! IZ,^ , ^22^5, «OH 'W^IMH. LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC L I VtilUCK HA 5ft 5 -. ANNUAL LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS LITERATURE lIUFtTnfK FABM UACTCC - ' Ss Ss? I s n KtYWORCs THE MI^ESDTl ?rFMrM?!SrreSeUF ENVI RONMtNTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS tNVIRONMENTAL-SANI STATE o7 OKllHOMricT XE?I« ,MEE.^2'' WASTE COI»IROl-. PROGRESS-PROBLEMS KEYWOROS REG ispECT5 DF RFrlr, ^ , tN«AL "ASTE "AI«A"MENT KEYWOROS REGULATION STATUTES AiPtCTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES 129 image: ------- 200 72 1010 200 li 1011 200 72 1012 <-00 72 1013 200 72 101* 200 72 1020 200 72 1024 2UO 72 1021 300 49 1210 300 65 0739 300 60 1209 30U 69 1061 300 69 1125 300 70 1201 SOU 7U 1247 300 70 1248 300 71 0689 300 71 1106 300 71 1107 300 71 1246 300 72 1157 400 69 1225 400 70 1132 400 70 1U3 400 71 1136 400 73 1063 400 73 1178 600 69 1005 600 72 1002 700 69 1067 300 63 1239 100 65 1219 200 71 0566 200 72 1011 300 46 1208 300 69 1125 300 69 1125 300 71 1055 300 71 1238 300 71 1238 300 65 0053 100 67 0233 200 66 0127 200 69 0056 200 69 0163 200 66 0135 100 68 0087 100 70 0369 200 69 0167 200 70 0241 300 69 0002 300 70 0009 200 71 06li :00 71 0594 200 71 0765 200 70 0054 300 69 0002 200 66 0117 100 69 0364 100 69 0679 200 66 0152 400 71 1135 100 71 1232 600 72 1154 300 71 1081 100 71 1212 200 70 1050 100 72 1215 100 70 0017 200 70 0215 100 70 1233 200 66 0438 400 73 1073 100 69 0714 300 65 0053 300 71 1245 100 68 1121 100 69 119B 200 70 0720 100 73 1190 300 72 1052 600 72 1071 100 70 1111 2uO 69 0560 100 60 0059 100 62 0499 100 70 0228 100 70 0678 100 71 0507 200 66 0115 200 66 0127 200 66 0130 200 68 0694 200 68 1186 200 68 1187 200 69 0055 200 69 0163 200 69 0185 200 69 0423 200 69 0425 LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK-MANURE-C LIVESTOCK-POISONIN LIVESTOCK-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTE-MA LIVESTOCK-WASTES LI»ESTOCK-WASTE-DI LIVESTOCK-HASTES-C LIVESTOCK-HASTES LIVESTOCK-HASTE LIVESTOCK-HASTE LOADERS LOADING LOADING LOADING LOADING-PARAMETER LOADING-RATE LOADING-RATES LOADING-RATES LOADING-RATES LOADING-RATES LOADING-RATES LOADING-RATES LOANS LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS LOCATING LOCATION LONG-ISLAND LOSSES LOSSES LOSSES LOTS LOUISIANA LOUISIANA LOW-SULFUR-OIL LUMBERING LUMBERING LUNGS LYOPHILIZE LYSIMETER LYSIMETERS LYSIMETERS LYSIMETERS MACCONKEY-BROTH MACHINERY MACROBENTHOS MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM MAGNESUIM MAINE MAINTENANCE MALLARD-DUCK MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT KEYWORD INDEX PKOCEEUINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTfc MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDWATER R KEGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS KESEARCH-ANO-OEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK POLLUTION OF AIR KATES AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-PCLLUT10N WATER-POLLUTION SOI APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-? POLLUTION OF AIK WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION $01 WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYwOKCS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-hASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKEIING HAS MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 NITRATE AND WATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE ATKINSON V HERINGTGN CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIA8ILI RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES I ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO LIVESTOCK INOUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEOLCTS KEYWORD NEBRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MA MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWOKDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYWORDS WASTE-OISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-WASTES POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING FtEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-W* AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS.WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO FACILITY DESIGN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CQNTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR BUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WATER NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOWATER R GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-H ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-H ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAH 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAULIC-TRANSP CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAULIC-TRANSP FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EOUIPMENf OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR EFFLUENT-DUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGCONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY HASTES KEYWORDS DESIGN PARAMETERS'FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWOKDS BOD LABORATORY TE AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYWORDS BOD COD VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES RECRES ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWINE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS.TEMPERATURE SLUD AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COO LOADlN SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE DEPT LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES - TERMINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOO COD ODOR OXIDATION PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTE IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAWS PERMITS ODOR LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA ROL6 OF STATE DEPARTMENTS CF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEVHQ POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE «EPT DUCK-PROCESSING HASTE KE-YWOROS POULTRY DUCKS BOO COLIFCRMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PLA LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPER NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COO SCO COST NUTR ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYHOROS HASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABCRATCRY-ANIMALS WASTE-WAIER-TR6A WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYHOROS FtEO-LOTS FARM-HASTES L CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TC OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER OUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENV1RONMENTAL-SANI AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FOR bOMB CALORIMETRY KEYWORDS LYOPHILIZE MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATEK LYSIMET6R PLOW- LOSSES OF NITROOEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTIUN-SOURC SOIL CHEMICAL CHANGES AMD INFILTRATION KATE REDUCTION UNDER SEWAGE SPREADING KEYWORDS NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES IYS EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYHOROS FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON WATER QUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KtYHOROS RESERVOIR FISMFIU WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND HUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOHARE KEYWORDS PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY C4LCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNSSUIM IN SHEEP KEV EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT ANU TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS POLYCHLORINATEO B1PHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLURINATED-HYOROCARBON-PESTIC10ES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI ANIMAL WASTE MANASEMENT-SUESTIONS,AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULAT THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS OESICN-CRITEKIA SI RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN FRINGE KEYWORDS OOCfe LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT THE FUTURE OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REUSE OUOR POLLUTION FUTURE MANAS ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT PULLUTION-ABATEMENT DISPOSAL TREATMENT LAGOONS POU MANAGEMENT OF FAR1 ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLCh-FUKROW-COVER KEYWORDS COOK SLURRIES.FURROWS FLIES L THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FtR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL Oh DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-«ANAGc MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM THE EFFECT OF FEEDi DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAIMFAIL-RUNUFF EUUIPMENT DESIGN-0 ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BCD CCD HCGS SwINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF 130 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 2uJ 69 J*i6 , jn 69 0«i7 <00 69 0«2H IUO 69 0530 2 69 054J 20>j 69 OS'.B ifjO 69 055". 20J 69 0965 2uO 69 0566 200 69 OT96 20U 6V 1167 too 69 ua; 200 70 02*6 EN BeEF "EDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF SOLID-HASTES F »GRICULTUR»'. I" PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWO n E CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWORDS SOVERNMENTS GROUNDWATER RU?°FF T° IHPRO»E DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-I ? ATDESE" CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR DUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP ANU«F - I" ™E M*N«EHENT OF ANIMAL HASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS EA ??TrtEAO S"'NE FINISM"«G BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE *N*SEHENT RESEARCH *£««« KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES PROG»*M KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-OEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK AN° RUNOFF KEYWORDi FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES F*R"-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC T " A R"E»«H REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AER08I CQNFIMFMUT nn LA600N^FA« SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE OEPT «i»re««5I?5«;.SP*CE REOUIREM6NtS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA nt ?lSn«NI«iSS5 F"°M ST°RED SWINE "STES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS OOORS CARBO Mur2Mr£* lc ,?EE2LOT "ASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF ann *«« ?L o.=^EST°CK °F THE PLAINS STATES "ITM EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KEYHOR OOORS, GASESi AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH LivEST0«ESi^F(>2i^rTp2^?TUDV KEYWOROS CATT" °«O-LOTS°F.RM-W«?ES H|STE-D!US|A"RUN FARM IS^r lllif 2JS!?« L5TU°IES • TERHINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOO COD ODOR OXIDATION T^E M*«S*,p7 ««nl?2 ?n !"! KEYI image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 1221 1022 1024 200 71 0800 100 65 0331 500 68 1259 600 72 1156 3JO 72 1157 400 70 0070 300 72 1065 100 66 0036 300 71 1100 300 71 1100 200 72 1029 4CJ 66 0101 2UO 71 OSir 300 49 1210 400 71 0753 300 72 1170 100 70 0019 100 65 1091 200 69 0078 tOU 71 0496 300 69 0004 200 70 1113 200 71 0705 iW 71 0769 300 71 1058 600 72 1153 100 71 0509 400 65 0439 100 70 0065 200 69 0189 200 69 0194 2UO 71 0773 300 71 0672 300 71 0673 500 70 0409 600 72 1002 100 71 200 72 200 72 100 72 1224 100 69 0057 100 69 0096 100 71 1221 300 71 UOO 100 71 1216 100 70 0027 200 71 0669 100 65 1079 100 66 0422 100 73 1190 100 73 1263 200 64 1241 200 71 0705 100 69 0690 100 71 0303 100 64 0072 300 69 0004 100 67 0448 100 69 0057 200 69 0164 200 70 0252 '300 69 0007 ,300 69 0635 300 69 0735 300 71 0672 200 71 0655 300 70 0487 200 69 0429 100 65 1219 100 69 0690 100 69 0707 100 70 0017 100 70 0026 100 71 0441 100 71 0462 100 71 0571 100 71 0573 200 66 0122 200 69 0172 200 70 0226 200 71 0800 100 72 1199 100 72 1222 100 69 0707 100 72 1199 100 72 1222 300 71 1100 100 73 1155 200 66 0150 1OO 70 1237 200 71 0286 300 70 0207 300 71 0622 300 72 1182 500 71 1254 200 69 0676 200 71 0797 300 69 0300 300 70 0414 400 71 0305 MANURE-PUMP MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING IHE ABILITY TO PUMP SEX1-LIOUIO AND MANURE KEYWORDS I MANURE-SCRAPER DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES REC1RCULATED-H MAMUKE-STADILUATI HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STA6ILUATIO MANURE-STACKING SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS MANUKE-UTILIZATION CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M MANURE-VALUE SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERT1ES SOIL-SURVEYS f MANURE-WASTES CHARACTERISTICS Of RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEf CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS MAXEK OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAREK S HAKINE DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO MARINE-ANIMALS DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DU1CH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO MARKETING CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS MARKETING MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROMT PR MARKET-VALUE MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALU MARKET-VALUE MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION UF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 MARKET-VALUE MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND SOLD AT A PROFIT KEYWORD FEEOLOT CATTLE MARKET-VALUE MAST MARYLAND POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE HASTtS KEYWORDS MASKING-AGENTS CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICALS COST ODOR-PANEL MASK ING-AGENTS D MASSACHUSETTS TUXICITY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS MASS-TRANSFER OXYCENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K MASS-TRANSFER DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION MATERIALS CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCED-C MATHEMATICAL-MOOEL AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-HAS MATHEMATICAL-MODEL A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY HITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATMEMATI MATHEMATICAL-MODEL A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYHORDS COMPUTER-MOO MATHEMATICAL-MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA MATHEMATICAL-MODEL MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEF ANIMALS KEYWORDS MATTER THE METAL COMPLEXING CAPACITY AND THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING UGANDS OF HATER EXTRACT MATTER THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC MEASURE AGRICULTURE POSES HASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO MEASUREMENT TYPICAL VARIATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND OF ANIMAL HASTES KE MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASiTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEDLOTS KEVHORDS FEED MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY GAS CHKOMATOGRAPHY KEYWORDS AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE METH MEASUREMENT OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE ODORS KEYHORDS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRYING-MANURE MEASUREMENT ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS HATER-OUAL1TY COSTS BENEFITS DUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M MEASUREMENT USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR KEGULA MEAT DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION C FLAMELESS MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEAR RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEAR HASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYHORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NE6RASK MEMBRANES FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE HATER MENACE THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYWORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM MERCAPTANS IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINEMENT SHINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEVHORDS ODOR ORCA MERCURY DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLAMELESS MERCURV DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO METABOLIC-PATHWAYS IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES OF N- 1,1-OIHETMYIPROPYNL -3t 5-DICHIOROBENZAMINJE IN RAT A METABOLIC-RESPONSE EFFECT OF STRESS ON SHINE HEAT AND COLO EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANHMANDEL1C ACID METABOLIC-WASTES ANIMAL AND HUMAN METABOLIC HASTES' KEYWORDS BOD PE METABOLIC-HASTES METABOLISM UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS Of POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS METABOLISM PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL AND MOOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYHORDS FEE METABOLISM NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUIM PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESUIM IN SHEEP KEY METABOLISM CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY HATER RESTRIC METABOLISM PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUHEN PRCTOZOA KEYHORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI METABOLISM A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF 8EEF ANIMALS-A REALITY HITH POTENTIAL KEYHOROS MATHEMATI METABOLISM-CAGE AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T METABOLITES METABOLIC FATE OF UBIOUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL METABOLI2ABLE-ENER A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS HHEAT SORGUUM NIT METAL CONFINEMENT SHINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-fACT SHEET KEYHORDS MATERIALS RE INjFORCEO-C METHANE INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN METHANE THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS KEYHORDS EFFECTS CARBON-DIOXIDE METHANE AM METHANE SHINE HASTES. CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B METHANE ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM HASTES KEYHORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH METHANE SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-GASES FROM STORED SHINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS OOORS CARBO METHANE GASES AND ODORS FROM UNDILUTED AND DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR-STRENGTH METHA METHANE SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND. KEYWORD SETTLING- METHANE MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY SAS CHROMATOGRAPHY KEYHORDS AMMONIA CARBON-DIOXIDE METM METHANE-BACTERIA ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL HASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS METHANE-BACTERIA FARM-LAGOONS AN METHANOL NITRATE-REMOVAL FROM AGRICULTURAL HASTEHATER KEYWORDS ALGAE CALIFORNIA DENITRIFICAT10N METHEMOGLOBIN CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT ION EROSION NITROC METHEMOGLOBINEMIA NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG METHOD AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T METHOD A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODOU KEYHOROS METHOD AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FOR BOMB CACORIMETRY KEYHOROS LYOPHILUE METHOD A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT METHOD METHODS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF CHROMIC OXIDE IN BOVINE FEC METHOD NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY USING FECAL COLLECTION APPARATUS AND INDICATOR METHOD FOR STEERS METHOD EFFECT OF METHOD OF MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELDS) NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES METHOD METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEABLE SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEVHORDS METHOD METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-HASTE MATERIAL KEYHOROS ODOR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO METHOD SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOH-FURROH-COVER METHOD METHOD A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC METHOD MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIQUID AND MANURE KEYHORDS L METHODOLOGY IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC METHODOLOGY PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYHORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC* METHOGEN A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYHORDS METHOLCLOGY IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCL1NE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC- METHOL-VALIOATION PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC* METHYL-MERCURY DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO HETHYL-PENTOSE THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS METROPOLITAN-AREAS PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS MICHIGAN POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL-BENEFITS FROM URBAN POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMEN MICHIGAN THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF CORN KEYWORDS CHEM1C MICHIGAN EARLY EXPERIMENTS AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYW MICHIGAN BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING HET AND DRIED POULTRY FECES KEYWORDS MICROAEROPHILIC-VI ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS MICROBIAL CHEMICAL AND MlCROBIAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA IN SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYHOROS FEED »1CRU MICROBUL WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES HITH EMPHASIS UN BEEF CATTLE KEYHOR MICROBIAL THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOH MICROBIAL RETARDING EFFECT OF DESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS 132 image: ------- iibO 71 1072 203 71 0809 200 71 1096 100 73 1034 tul) li 1076 200 72 1023 1UJ 65 0501 100 65 0699 200 69 1102 tOO 71 0794 300 71 0692 2UO 72 1021 200 69 0173 luu 55 0328 100 69 0360 1UO 70 0094 100 70 0362 100 71 1213 200 66 0196 200,69 1102 2UO 71 0785 200 71 0795 200 71 0796 200 71 0797 200 71 08*5 200 71 1099 300 68 1043 300 71 1126 400 70 0097 500 70 0393 1500 70 0400 500 70 0401 200 64 1240 700 71 1120 100 64 1200 100 59 0459 ZOO 71 0779 100 70 1090 100 72 1199 200 64 1240 ,300 71 1100 |100 66 1229 100 71 1221 100 72 1199 100 65 1219 200 69 0196 100 69 0037 700 72 1049 200 70 1050 300 71 1096 200 69 0544 200 69 1116 200 71 0599 200 72 1017 300 69 1125 300 71 1058 200 69 0158 600 71 0286 200 69 0554 200 72 1017 200 73 1189 300 65 0739 300 70 0073 300 70 0383 300 71 0590 300 71 1107 400 65 1127 4UO 65 1141 400 72 1179 300 71 1246 200 71 02T7 100 70 0421 100 69 0095 200 70 0252 200 70 1113 400 64 0335 400 71 0349 !00 66 0152 200 69 0166 200 71 0781 100 70 07J8 200 66 0119 100 69 0095 100 70 1233 200 71 0705 200 71 0791 200 71 0799 300 71 1055 300 71 1056 300 71 1058 600 71 0494 200 70 0241 100 64 0333 100 65 0503 10O 67 0041 100 69 0040 200 69 0196 400 70 0091 400 70 0577 '600 72 1031 MICROBIAL-COMPOSIT KICROBIAL-DEGRAOAT MICROBIAL-DISPOSAL MICROBIAL-CKOMTH MICROUIAL-ORGANISM MICKOBIAL-PROPERTl MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY MICROFLORA MICROFLORA M1CRUNUTRIENTS MICRONUTK1ENT-OEFI MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MICRO-ORGANISMS MIODLESEX-COUNTY-N MIDGES MIOWEST MIDWEST MILK MILK MILK MILK MILKING-PARLOR MILK-POULTRY MILK-PRODUCTS MINERALIZATION MINERALOGY MINIMUM-REMOVAL-EF MINIMUM-TILLAGE MINING MINK MINNESOTA MINNESOTA MINNESOTA MINNESOTA MINNESOTA MINNESOTA MISCONCEPTION MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI MISSOURI-RIVER MIS-USE MITE-PRECATION MIXED-LIQUOR MIXING MIXING MIXING MIXING MODEL MODEL MODEL MODELING MODELS MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MODEL-STUDIES MOGOEN-FORMULA MOISTURE MOISTURE MOISTURE MOISTURE MOISTURE MOISTURE MOISTURE MOISTURE lyalr KEYWORD INDEX HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES SEHAGE WASJE-OISPUSA1 ENZYME FACILITATED MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOTMANURE KEYWORDS loo TFri!!,m,;ESTIBILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS KEYHOKDS CATTLE FEEDLOTS M »'LIZATION *ND DISI>°SAL Of LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS r "tTE FOR CORRECTI°* °f ™ A»u FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANT!! KEYWORDS FER ,^ S,«l ETR«YCLINE FEEDING ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS FIHMENTA "n2 .'c*Il?N °F *N INDO°R SOULTRY-LAGUON KEYWORDS E-COLI BOD MICROORGANISM S F0AER4TION °" THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MUTURES nn« .r B*CTERIA IN FECES °f SNINE KEYWOROS MICROORGANISMS PATTERNS SWINE r5«5?S?S? £2" 10ENTIF¥'NG MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTWIC- COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWOROS LITTIRLIFE FECAL -MATERIAL HfAT-OF-C EFFECT OF MIIWTH ,nS!! ° FIFn FOK CATTLE "STES KEYWORDS LIOUID-WASTES PHDSPHAT RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG RUM1NANT FK°M NOM-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE 0 «™ !" 8ACTEKIA "» SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWOROS FEED MICRO wf n«eS?e « « LE KEyWORD RECYCLING ANIMAL-PATHOLOGY MICROORGANISMS NE SUMMER CONFERENCE Of SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL i »RucA i?H *° A6IUCul-tul KEVXOROS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SAN1TARY-E ? c r * E *MHONn'M ANO NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE N F°R MIBl« THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS DETERMINATION OF OXYT6TRAC YCL I NE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC E COLIFORM wcw KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E 25V2c I" SAMPLES F"OH ™£ °UTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWOROS MERCURY NEUTHO S!*™6"1 °F Mll-KIIS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT RES AND TRENDS IN "'NNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W HQ°EL T° PREDICI THE »0"- E OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA ^ROL KEYHOR°S WATER-OUALITY COST-BENEFIT-RATIO ENVIRONMEN «TC Q)(IDATION POND EFFLUENT KEYWORDS MISSISSIPPI IRRIGATION OXI A I^,MANAS!MENT "^O^S REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT ADMINISTRA ^,' ALr|RF°RM*NCE KEY"ORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATMENT SII OISPOS*L KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F ° F£RTILI2ERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE »n °E ™E M1SSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS OAMA «nnoA=S.?°LtUTION LEGAL *SPE"S KEYWORDS LAW LEGAL-PROCEDURE REGULATION Sn?M,i,AP ?2 T ° ANIMAL WASTE NANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LAGOONS DESIGN IRRIGATION M ??ircl ? CuNTRaL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGR ICULTURAL-C i c SUPPLIES KEYWOROS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS fARM-WASTES MISS HUMANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-HELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS J°P FEEOLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT rn ?* NT KEYWORBS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU ffff T< np «.S?,«ER2. KEYt"JROS PESTICIDES WATER-POLLUTION PANIC-POWER MIS-USE RESISTA Bin nI?n?r,nA 2 APPLICATIONS AND MITE PREDATION ON CORN ROOTWORM POPULATIONS IN M1NNE S? nc'SIJ" "" ™E Acrl VAT"-SLUOGE PROCESS KEYWOROS MODEL-STUDIES AN Arn ™clr»c ^ARP WASTES KEYWORDS "CTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH 2S° TREATMENT °F LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWOROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS *,,,r SnS1-^5^ °F AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRI G FOR MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL ° LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINES LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COD BOO COST NUTR u. m °XYGEN TR*NSFE* COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYWOROS EOUATION ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOO DUCK AERA »?n,Ekr^ F"OLOT POLI-UTION ' ANALOG SIMULATION KEYWORDS RUNOFF MODELING FEEDLOT B OLOG CAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT ,Bi°:°;10ATION OF SWINE-WASTE BY THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES AN LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POUUT ON-SOURC A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY WITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATHEMATI METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF PALOOORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF LIVtST*CK WAS?°S KEYWORDS C AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS KEYWORDS LIOUID-WASTES PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YCAK 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USE^ AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF «ATER ALLOCATION KEYwS DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE CF SURFACE RUNOFF AN^ GRDUNDWA A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILAHON SYSTEMS UPO* NH3 CO^CENT^AnONS IN SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWOROS LEGISLATION OES1GN-CRI TEK1 A ACTIVATeo-sJuOM CAP AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW MFTHnn «c THE MICROBIULOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY MANURt KEYWORDS PH B.CU* A UKALlSlTV THE EFFECTS OF FARMYARD MAKURE ON MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAIL ING IN A SANCY LOAM SOI PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION CF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITia" KEYWORDS NITRrirf r» MOISTURE INCREASES MANURE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ^0"" H?OROGEN-sSlFlSrCHKOMATOM BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN MANUKE KEYWOROS DRYING POULTRY MOISTUKE CONTENT ODoS S?T*r^FN ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWOROS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCL NG FAR T »n ui« AR e««« 133 image: ------- KEYWOKO I0j 6t 0371 100 65 037T 100 65 0691 1 j'j ba 0337 100 oS 0502 UJ 7u 0031 100 70 Ot>41 20k) 69 0163 iUO 69 0197 20J 70 0323 200 71 0703 2U1 71 0813 300 69 0633 Juvl 70 020S 3oO 71 0633 300 72 1264 400 70 0109 600 70 0080 600 72 1076 600 72 1169 60U 73 107* 600 72 126? 200 66 0141 100 71 0476 IUO 71 1212 200 69 0553 200 70 1175 200 73 1189 200 6* 1240 100 71 0*61 100 69 0374 100 70 1090 100 71 1092 200 69 0165 200 69 0187 500 68 1269 100 70 002t 200 72 1014 200 72 1017 200 72 1023 100 71 1212 100 71 0318 200 71 0854 500 70 0404 700 70 1256 200 66 0144 100 6* 03*3 *00 71 1139 100 71 0464 300 26 1204 100 68 0306 200 66 0140 200 73 1083 100 67 1218 200 68 1242 200 68 1242 200 66 1244 200 69 1117 200 69 1167 200 70 0717 200 73 1082 400 69 1225 200 69 0160 400 69 0419 100 70 0082 100 70 1090 100 71 1092 100 72 1199 100 72 1219 100 70 1111 300 70 1104 100 71 1212 100 64 0333 100 64 0474 IUO 6S 0377 100 66 0337 100 69 0061 100 70 0042 200 70 0214 200 70 0226 300 70 0475 400 70 0070 600 70 0254 600 70 0258 200 69 0169 200 70 1050 200 69 0158 300 67 12SO 200 70 1050 100 66 0506 100 71 0509 200 70 0235 100 72 1097 200 70 0224 200 72 1010 200 72 1011 200 72 1013 200 72 1014 200 72 1015 200 72 1017 MOISTURE-CONTtNT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT HOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENTS MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-CONTENT MOISTURE-DEFICIT HOISTURE-OISTRIBUT MOLD MONTANA MONTANA MONTANA MONTANA MORPHOLOGY MORTALITY MORTALITY MORTALITY MORTALITY MORTALITY MORTALITY HOSOUITOES MOTILITY-FLASK MOUNDING MOUNDING MOUNDING MOUNTAINS MOVEMENT MOVEMENT MOVEMENT MOVEMENT MPN MUD MUO MUO-WATER-INTERFAC MUNCI PAL-HASTES MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL-REFUSE MUNICIPAL-WASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTE-RE MUNICIPAL-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES MUNICIPAL-HASTES MUNINCIPAL-WASTES MUSCA MUSCA-DOMESTICA MUSCA-OOMESTICA-L MUSCA-DOMESriCA-L MUSCLE MUSCLE MUSSELS MYCOBACTERIUM MYSTIC-WATERSHED N N N N N N N N N N N N NAOH NATIONAL-ENVIRONME NATIONAL-POLICY NATIVE-GRASSES NATURAL-RESOURCES NATURE NATURE NATURE NEBRASKA NEBRASKA NEBRASKA NEBRASKA NEOKASKA NEBRASKA NEBRASKA NEBRASKA THIN-SPKEAUING OF SLURRIEO-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS MOlSTURE-CnNTENT SOLIOS-PER EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND COUPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILISERS SOI THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-HASTES A REVIEW OF POULTRY-HASTE-DISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BUD N P K HOISIUHE-CONTENT MA.1URC-PRODUCTION OY BROILERS KEYWORDS POULTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN VOLITILI2AT10N AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FRUM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYHE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT REMOVAL OF HATER FROM AMMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY COOR M01S TORE-CONTfcNT HEIGHT VO AGKlCULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIOU10-HANOLING SHUD MOJSTURE- FEECLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAM THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING OF MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT UO THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE DRYING ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY OR E J BENNE KEYNO PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS FLOH PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL HASTE SLURRIES KEYUORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF 8EEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION CF A 8EEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM PCULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS OEHATER1NG E THE MICROFLORA OF SOUTHERN OHIO POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FUNGUS PH BACTERIA MOLD POULTR EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON HATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEOIOTS KEYWORDS ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFCRM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BRCILER LITTER KEYUORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-G ARTHROPOD-PREDATORS OF IMMATURE OIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL COUNAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS EFFECT'OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILI2ATIO A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED CULT APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN RUNOFF, SOLID WASTESi AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLCTS KEYWORDS COD BOD DO SOIL-C MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS WITH GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION 20NE-OF- MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYHOROS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAM1NAT TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU BOVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUO ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-HATER HOW HEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STHEAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE BUR DEWATERINC CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEWATERING VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD CONTINUOUS SOLID HASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEVHORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPO FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY HATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY-MANAGE THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC HATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS"SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU AGRICULTURAL HASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA PROCESSING PLANT SANITATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD SEN COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-HASTES COSTS CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV EFFECTS OF HATER QUALITY STANDARDS GN THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE DISPOSAL FARM W HOUSE FLY PUPAE AS FOOD FOR POULTRY KEYWORDS FEEDS NUTRIENTS MUSCA-DOMESTICA COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE KEYWORDS EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYHOROS CHLORINATED-HYOROCARBON-PESTICIDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTS FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTKOS-SIOLOGY EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON HATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYHORDS AERATION wlNOROW-METHOD PRE PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG HASTES KEYHORDS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOILS AND CROPS KEYWORDS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-CISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BUD N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIHORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYHORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COO FERTILIZERS A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYHOROS 1RRIGATI SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEDLCT HASTE KEYWORDS C N HOUSEFLY COMPOSTING ANAEROB GAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION GASES COD COMPOST INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYHORDS CATTLE THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY COST-BENEFIT-RATIQ ENVIRONNEN DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYHORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SANI CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOD COD FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE THE METAL COMPLEXtNG CAPACITY AND THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING L1GANDS OF WATER EXTRACT ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM HASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT, KEYWORDS HYDROLOGIC-STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FEEDLQTS IN EASTERN NEB PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES NATIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDHATER R POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOI APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL Of LIVESTOCK WASTE KtVWOROS HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF CONTROL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS CATTLE R WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FAKM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT 134 image: ------- i oil 12 101H 2JO 72 1019 200 n 1022 20U 11 1024 ^i ^^ 1025 2uj 72 1029 30J 1105 300 71 06B9 3k/0 71 lUOh 4tO 71 1135 «uu 71 117". 0739 3uG 65 0757 300 67 0711 300 71 0099 500 70 0405 100 62 1220 100 67 0076 100 66 1121 100 69 1198 100 70 0049 100 70 1037 100 70 1041 100 70 1051 100 70 1195 100 70 1233 ICO 71 1038 100 71 1039 100 71 1197 100 71 1236 100 72 1097 100 72 1193 100 70 1237 2JO 69 0168 200 69 0174 tjj 69 0104 iuO 69 0462 200 69 0521 200 69 0534 200 69 0549 200 69 0696 200 70 0217 200 70 0670 200 70 OT27 200 71 0826 200 71 0830 200 71 1094 200 71 1099 200 71 1234 200 71 1252 200 72 1013 200 72 1014 200 72 1016 iOO 72 1020 200 72 1021 200 72 1108 300 1077 300 67 1290 300 68 1122 300 70 0414 300 70 0475 300 70 1059 300 71 0466 300 71 0639 300 71 1008 300 71 1106 300 71 1107 400 65 1127 400 65 1141 400 69 0016 400 70 1176 400 72 1166 400 73 1063 400 73 1073 .JEBRASKA NEllRASK NEORASK NEoRASK NEbRAbK NEHRASK NEURASK NEBKASK NEBRASK NE6RASK NtHRASK NE6HASKA NEBRASKA NEBRASKA-LIVESTOCK NEEDS NEIGHBORS NEIGHBORS NEIGHBORS NEMATUDES NETHERLANDS NEUTRON-ACTIVATION NEW NEWTONIAN-FLUIDS NEW-JERSEY NEH-NEXICO NEW-YORK NEK-ZEALAND NISHNABUTNA-HIVEK- NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATE NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES TITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES KEYWORD INDEX EDUCATION ACTION AMD KEGULATCRY PROBLEMS UF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS RESEARCH NEEDS I-OR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT GF BttF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY HASTE-INDUCEO PROBLEMS UF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NE6RASK CTHtR RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PRUTEINS RUNOFF FEEU-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CHOP-PRODUCT I UN LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS RULE AMD REGULATION FOB THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- WASIE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEDLGTS KEYWORD NEbRASKA LIVESTOCK RUNOFF FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT MA ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS LIOUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TC ANOTHER KEYWORDS A6UIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEEO-L NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEEO-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES UO YUU HAVE TO MOVE EH UR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEEO-LOTS RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WAST EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE KANAGEMENT KtYHORDS AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWUROS POULTRY DISPOSAL DOOR COSTS DRYING EOU1PMEN CONTROLLING ODORS FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG AGRICULTURE-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EO.UIPMEN LOCATING A POULTRY ENTERPRISE KEYWORDS NEIGHBORS EGGS CATTLE MA.gUKE AS FEED FOR CATTLE KEYWORD RECYCLING ANIHAL-PATHOLOGY MICROORGANISMS NE RtDUCTION OF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST IN A HOG FATTENING FARM OXIDATION VAT KEYWORDS AE DETERMINATION UN MERCURY IN SAMPLES FRUM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHAitACTERISTICS SHEA SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR EFFLUENT DISPOSAL KEYWORDS DAIRY NEW-ZEALAND EFFLUENT ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUNOWATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES KEYWORDS PIEZOMETERS FLOW-N VQLITILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FRO* URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEOLOT NITRATE ANL SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND-WATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORD 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EOUIPMENT DESIGN-D GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND FLUCTUATIONS IN A SHALLOW UNCONFINED A8UIFER UNDER A LEVEL FEED LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER WATE THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS AND PLANT-GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATT POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTROPHICATI NITRATE AND WATER KEYWORD FERTILIZERS LEGUMES MISSOURI ALFALFA LIVESTOCK NITRATE AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COO AMMONIA N THE NITRATE HAZARD IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS HELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL REMOVAL OF NITRATE BY AN ALGAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS REMOVAL NITRATE ALGAL-SYSTEM EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NITRATES WATER- WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITKATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AS POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POUUTION-SOURC CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-OUALITY TEXAS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS SL NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNDWATER NITRA TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT WATER-UUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL COLUMBIA-COUNTY PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT DOOR ZONING NITRATES PROGRAM RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FRTJM CATTLE FEEDLOT QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-MATERS DISCHARGE LAGO POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE • FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-WATERS POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND D1SPCSAL UF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLCTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MID NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS IRRIGATI NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GRCUNDWATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNOWATER FERTILIZATION INFILTRATION RATES AND GROLNOWATER CUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOW ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWCHDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART A KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERTILIZERS FARM-WASTES MISS NITRATES DANGER FOR HUCANS, TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS FERTILIZERS AND FEEOLOTS - WHAT RCL; IN GROUNUWATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWCROS ANIMAL-fcASTbS WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NI1RATES HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTCS WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE AGRICULTURE ANT) ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCULATES FRCf MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS .NITRATES FARM-HASTES LYS 135 image: ------- 4UO 1} 1168 5'JO 10 03*2 iOO TCI 039} »0l! TO 0394 500 71 1072 t^J 64 123') tua 72 116-) 700 69 1067 70J 71 112u 400 65 11*1 300 70 0010 3UO 70 1059 200 70 0720 200 71 1033 100 70 0021 100 70 0050 100 71 122C 2JO 69 0179 tUO 70 0223 200 70 0727 200 70 1115 200 71 0824 200 71 0627 200 71 063e 300 68 1122 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 400 71 0305 700 71 1120 200 71 OBU 100 72 1193 200 69 0184 200 69 0482 500 70 0392 500 70 0393 300 71 0512 100 63 033Q 100 64 0072 100 65 1079 100 65 1219 100 66 1080 100 67 0713 100 68 0044 100 68 0452 100 69 0071 100 69 0355 100 69 0364 100 69 0679 100 70 0049 100 70 0050 100 70 0367 100 70 0413 100 70 0456 100 70 1037 100 70 U94 100 70 1233 100 70 1251 100 71 0266 1UO 71 0318 100 71 0589 100 71 1039 100 71 1197 100 71 1214 100 72 0746 100 73 1069 100 73 1087 100 73 1155 100 73 1162 100 73 1184 200 64 0750 200 64 0759 200 66 0115 200 66 0120 200 66 0155 200 66 01S6 200 66 1112 200 68 0724 2UO 69 0162 200 69 0165 200 69 0170 200 69 0183 200 69 016S 200 69 0196 200 69 0199 200 69 0200 200 69 0429 200 69 0433 200 69 0521 200 69 1116 200 70 0222 200 70 0720 200 71 0608 200 71 0774 200 71 0775 200 71 0776 200 71 0777 200 71 0778 200 71 0782 200 71 OT84 200 71 0785 NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATES NITRAIES NITRATES NITRATES NITRATE-CYANOSIS MITRATE-MJVEMENT NITRATE-MOVEMENT NITRATE-POISUMNG NITRIC-ACIO NITRIHCATIOM NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITKIPICATIOT NITRITES NITRITES NITRITES NITRITES NITRITES NITRQFURANS NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN KEY.ORO INDEX CALIFORNIA HASTE POMDS AHE PASSING THE TEST KEVMOKUS IRKIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING SOUKCES-OF-NITKOGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-hATER INF CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SCILS KEVhOROS NITRATES AMMUMUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING FERTILIZER-MANAGEMENT FOR PULLUTI CN-CbNTRUL KEYWORDS NITRUGbl. PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-BASTES SEWAGE WASTE-OISPOSAL IRRIG URA1N INSTALLATION FOR NITRATt REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NI Id AT CRCP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANUKE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS ANAL*1, li OF AUIHAL WASTE STORA .E •• .1: IANO DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEY.UrtuS FARM-WASTES ODOR W SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SUME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS. TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES FARM-WASTES MIS THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF. SOLID-WAST N1TRATF ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNOHATER KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDWATER FERTILIZATION PKOttRESo REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KFYwORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTION AMMONIA FAX EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AERATION, AND SOIL PH ON SCIL NITROGtN TRANSFORMATIONS AN TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD I ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP CHAN' ;S IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NITROGEN-TRANSFORMATIONS A HO PLANT-GROWTH A{ AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CAM EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTfl.FRESH MATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS 06 CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS NA AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIOUII) AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS 61OOEGRADAT ION N1TRIF1C A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE WATER RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR .REMOVING PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND OENITR1FICATI ON OF DAIRY CATTLE MA NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES F6RTIL IN SOIL PROFILES AND UN TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYNURDS NITRIFICATION SUIL-NI EFFECT uF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS RETARDING EFFECT OF OESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES KEYWORDS SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR THE ECONOMICS OF SHINE WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBIC-TRE CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER HASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEK YORK STATE OAI«» FARMS KEYHOR TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CUNOIT THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT SOURCtS-OF-NITROGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDNATER SURFACE-WATER INF CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SOILS KEYWORDS NITRATES AMMONIUM FIXATION NITRITES LEACHING FECAL-RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES POULTRY KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS DIETS ANTIBIOTICS NITR DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COO CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION. A NOTE ON [HE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SCRGUUM NIT UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES SROUN SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKEYWCROS D COD CATTLE NITRO THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION KEYWORDS ' NITROGEN BARNYARD GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI FARH-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COD HOLLAND AEROBIC-TREATMENT NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OXYGENATION LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEZE-ORYING TEMPER NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND AP TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLDI NITROGEN AND AMINO ACIDS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND 0 VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS HASTE-TREATMENT DIG USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLIUTION-SOURC AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPH1ES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER- CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUlU MANURE STORAGE TANKS RUNOFF, SOLID WASTES. AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COD BOD 00 SOI.L-C SOU MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN AMMONIA-VOLATILIZATION FEEDLOTS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC BIOCHEMIC MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUC1N IN THE CASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES.IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY CONF1 STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEECLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMANO CHEMICA MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS LIUUID-W BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS SWINE COST BOD NITROGEN NlTROGEN-BALAN CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNG GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORCS POULTRY CONFIN THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT THE VALUE OF HYDRQLYZEO AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORD THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL Of POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARS RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION EROSION NITROG EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF WATER-QUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWOROS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAD! THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWOROS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE FERTILIZATION NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITROGEN MANAGEMENT OF BARNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWOROS SPRINKLER-I TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY, CHARACTERISTICS OF MANURE ACCUMULATIONS REMOVED FROM OUTDOOR,UNPAVEO, BEEF CATTLE FEEOL FEEDLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR OUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM HASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGAT A FARM SCALE DAIRY HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FOR CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT 136 image: ------- ,., .i 71 U7I1. !u'j 71 U7'iB 2u.( IL 06J5 2oO 71 U8JH ,n>o fi oaio tM 71 1UJS ^UO 72 101Z £„,) 73 106* iuj 73 110M SOU 62 075". JOU 69 UOOb JuO 69 J632 3UU 69 1100 JUU 70 0592 300 70 105f JOU 71 0264 JUO 71 062". 3UU 71 0700 1UO 71 073? JUO 71 1056 3JO 72 1052 ij'J 72 1157 300 72 1170 300 1i 1260 300 73 1005 40D 6* 043? 4UO 69 1045 4uO 69 1225 400 70 0577 400 72 1173 iOO 70 03S8 500 TO 0394 500 70 0405 5UO TO 0407 6LO 70 0098 6CO 71 0493 600 71 &496 6uu 72 1156 6OO 72 1163 600 72 U7T 700 TO 1066 700 TO 1101 700 72 1048 200 66 0156 100 67 OOT9 100 72 1222 200 70 1115 20it 71 0646 200 Tl 109» 200 71 1252 300 70 1034 100 66 1030 100 TO 10JT 200 70 0325 200 Tl 0838 300 68 1122 TOO Tl 1120 100 65 1219 200 67 1243 100 69 0103 100 65 lilt 100 70 1037 ZOQ 71 1234 300 71 1058 100 65 1219 100 70 1037 500 Tl 1254 100 70 1233 200 69 0174 200 70 1115 100 65 1079 100 73 1088 300 11 1057 300 70 0073 400 70 0046 100 73 1087 JOO 71 1244 200 71 0601 TOO 70 1066 200 69 0557 200 71 0641 200 72 101* 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 300 71 1057 300 71 1057 300 71 1057 SUO 71 J057 JOO 71 1057 200 70 OJ34 200 70 0239 4UJ 7U 0066 5UO 70 0408 400 7U 0046 200 71 0440 300 46 1208 100 70 1000 NITROGEN NITRJGEN NITRUGFN MTRUGfcN NITROGEN NITROGEN MITRUGEN '(IMOGEN Hi tRUGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NlTKUG£N NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN iVITROGEN NlTRUGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN-BALANCE KEYULML) 1NDE* IHE UK RECUNCILIATIUN CF »C.r,E« WATER AND SU1L lj*YGE''l DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK *,ASTtS KEYHCRDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN bOD NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYHOKDS MTROGErt INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS HATER-POLLUTION AMKON1A FAR RE&TONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-HASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL DEHYUKATEO POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PkOTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS A FEEDER LUOKS «T ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f NUTES ON HATER JOLLUTICN HASTE HATERS FROM FARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRRIGATION BDD SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SHINE HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYHUROS PHYSICAL-CHEMIC QUALITATIVL DETERMINATION CF THE UOCR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMATU CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYHOKDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN PLANT NUTRIENTS AMD ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS ENVIRONHEMAL-EFFECTS PU8LIC-HEALT NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GRCUNDHATER KEYHORDS NITRATES GROUNDHATER FERTILIZATION INFILTRATION RATES AND GRCUMUWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTSi TEXAS HIGH PLAINS FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO DAIRY COWS KEYHOROS CATTLE DRYING AM1ND-ACIDS N1TR LIVESTOCK HASTE DISPOSAL AND HATE* PO.LLUTIUN CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF CLOSER SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OAIKY-INDUST UEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDHA EFFECT OF ANIMAL HASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GHOUNDHATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYHUROS fARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN » POLLUTION! LOADS IN PERCOLATE HATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SHINE HASTES KEYUDRDS NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS HATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-HASTES THt DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN bUUT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYHORDS EUTHOPHICATION NU CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A CUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS HATER-KESQURCE-DEV BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN NEH DOUR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYHORUS DOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEEC-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN CHEMISTRY DF SEDIMENT IN HATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS WATER-POLLUTION CLAYS ORG FERTILIZER-MANAGEMENT FOR POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYHORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATIDN KEYHORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA EFFECTS OF SURFACE-RUNOFF ON THE FEASIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED HASTE-TREATMENT KEY BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYHOROS COO 600 TS TVS PH DO TEMPERATURE NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COLIFORMS RUN DESORPT10N OF AMMOMA FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS KEYHOROS FARM-HASTES ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A 'SOURCE DF PROTEIN KEYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMI NO-AC IDS NITROGEN DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT HASTES CMC CROPLAND KEYHORDS FA.«-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL WATER POLLUTION, BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYHOROS EFrLUENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SHINE HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAER06ICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CUNC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT Of ANIMAL WASTES KEYHOROS SHINE COST BOD NITROGEN NITROGEN-BALAN NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS 01STRI BUT ION FERTILIZERS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC* NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS HA NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNO NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS HICHOORGANISMS WATER-POL NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATi^.-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDHiTER SURFACE-HATERS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAK ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WAT6R-POLLUTIO NITROGEN-CYCLE NITROGEN-CYCLE NITROGEN-CYCLE NITROGEN-CYCLE NITROGEN-CYCLE NITROGEN-CYCLE NITROGEN-DEPOSITS NITROGEN-DRAINAGE NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL HATFR—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER FARM-HASTES GROUN NtTHOGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROS RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION CF BlODEGHADABLE-WASTES IN THE SOIL KEVHORDS BfOLOGICAL-SYST NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND OEMTR1F[CATION OF DAIRY CATTLE WA NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEH JERSEY STR NITRATES IN THE ENVIRGKENT KEYHOROS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG THE IMPACT OF ANIHAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-HASTES HASTES NITROGEN-ENRIGHMEN NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE HATER BY ABSORPTION DF AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE f NITROGEN-FIXATION. NITRATES IN THE EMV'.RCKEM KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG NITROGEN-FIXATION NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN-FIXATION. SQHE OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF t POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KfYMDROS NITROGEN-FIXATION DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TU PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GRDUNDHA NITRDGEN-FIXINC-B4 NITRATES IN THE EUmOMEM KEYWORDS NIIROCEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERT1LUAT1UN NITSOG NITROGEN-FIXIMU-VA NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN-F1XINO-BA ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS NITRUGEN-LOSSES LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYHORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC. NITROGEN-POLLUTION THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THt LAMB DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNDWATEK NITRA NITROGEN-REMOVAL CONTROL OF NITROGEN FROM AMHAL HASTE WATERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS HA HITROGEN-RETENTIO.M UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROG6N BY SHEEP KEYWORDS NlTROGEN-RETENTIOrt OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0 NOCOMIS'ASPER EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FR.OM FEEOLOTS. ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER Bill NOISE STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS DAMA NOISE FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GOOD NEIGHBCU*LINESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BU NONDISTILLADLE-NIT ENRICHMENT DF THE ATMOSPHERE HUH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE NON-STRUCTURAL-ALT FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS HATER-COLLUIICM-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLL.U PROPOSED ANIMAL HASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYHOROS REGULA HATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FRCM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYHOROS BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RHER-SUKMER 19TO KEYWOKOS COL1FORMS BACTERI APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK HASTE KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL KASTE-T FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYkOHOS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-PCLLUTION-CONTROL FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYHORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FKOC FEEOLOTS UN FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BkSI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FRCM FEEOLU1S UN FISHES IN NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEULOTS ON FISHES IN NOTROPIS-RUBELLUS EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLUTS ON TISHES IN FAHH HASTES KEYHOKOS DISPCSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOU COD CO ODOR COSTS EBUIPMENT FAH« HASTES PUBLIC HEALTH «NU NUISANCE PR06LEMS OFF THE FARM KEYHORCS ODOR LEG1SLATI POSSIBLE DEFENSES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POULTRY NUISANCE LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYHORCS HATER-PCLLUT10N PESTICIDES SILTING FtRULUEKS POINT-SOURCES N FARM HASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GCOt NtIGHBOURLINESS KtYWCRuS DUOR WATER-POLLUTION BU LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TC ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IiV PCRK-PROUUCTION KEVHQRUS NU! NUISANCE-WATER-LAH GREEN V MCCLOLO ACTION TC ENJOIN SEWA3F. FLOW KEYWORDS KtNTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATFR-PO NURSURY-BUILDING EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FCX MODEKN METHODS OF SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NORTH NORTH-CAROLINA NORTH-DAKOTA NORTH-DAKOTA NORTH-DAKOTA NORTH-DAKOTA NORTH-DAKOTA NUTORUS-PLACIOUS NOTRCPIS-CAMURUS NOTURUS-NOCTURNUS NUISANCE NUISANCE NUISANCE NUISANCE NUISANCES NUISANCE-LAH THE UPPER NCOSHU HIVtR BASI THfc UPPER NEOSHO RIVER 8AS1 TH6 UCPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI THE UPPER NEOSMO RIVER BASI 137 image: ------- 100 71 1038 100 71 0751 100 72 0746 ZOO 69 0427 <00 70 049B 2UO 71 0857 300 71 0628 300 71 0629 100 65 0263 lU'J 68 0090 1UO 68 0370 100 68 1121 100 69 0259 10 0 69 0355 1UJ 70 0050 100 70 0082 100 70 0112 1UO 70 0372 100 70 0510 100 70 1230 100 71 0*53 100 71 0721 100 71 0688 100 71 1039 100 71 1212 1UO 71 1226 100 71 1236 100 72 1193 100 73 1069 100 70 1237 200 66 0146 200 66 0148 200 66 0149 200 66 0149 2UO 66 0151 200 66 0152 200 69 0423 200 69 0428 200 69 0433 200 69 0402 200 69 0526 200 69 1117 2DO 70 0214 200 70 0215 200 70 0217 200 70 0222 200 70 0226 200 70 0237 200 70 0727 200 70 1118 200 71 0763 200 71 0769 200 71 0816 200 71 0817 200 71 0833 200 71 0861 200 71 1099 200 72 1012 200 72 1016 200 72 1024 200 72 1089 300 69 0005 300 69 0062 300 70 0204 300 70 0208 300 70 0592 300 71 0477 300 71 0621 300 71 0622 300 71 1056 300 71 1106 300 71 1107 300 71 1245 300 72 1070 300 72 1085 400 66 0088 400 69 1045 400 70 1176 400 72 1179 400 73 1063 400 73 106B 500 70 0)90 600 72 1031 600 72 1071 600 72 1156 600 72 1169 600 73 1065 700 69 1067 TOO 70 1066 TOO 71 1120 100 70 0042 200 TO 0226 100 73 1128 200 71 0827 200 71 0854 200 71 0656 300 70 0489 100 70 0047 200 71 0764 200 71 0846 NUTIRENTS NUTRIENT NUTRIENT NUTKIENT NUTRIENT NUTRIENT NUTRIENT NUTKIENT NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENT-LOSSES NUTRIENT-LOSSES NUTRIENT-REMOVAL NUTRIENT-REMOVAL NUTRIENT-REMOVAL NUTRIENT-REMOVAL NUTRIENT-REMOVAL NUTRIENT-REOUIREME NUTRIENT -REOUIREME NUTRIENT-REOUIREME KEYWORD INDEX CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-DUALITY TEXAS ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SHINE CATTLE P» RECYCLING SYSTEM FOB POULTRY WASTES KEYHORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC B10CHEMIC MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEECLOT WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS KEYWORDS NU HATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORD RUNCFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE HITROCEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOIL-FUT6 THE KETABOLIZEABLE ENERGY VALUE OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS NUTRIENT DEHYDRATION ,ME EFFecIS Of CONTINUALLY RECYCLING DEHYDRATED POULTRY HASTES OPW ON THE PERFORMANCE REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS 8V MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS HEIRS EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHOROUS IN ANIMAL MANURES KEYWOR WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION BCD CUD NUTRIENTS ANAERObIC-DIG FARM-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD CCO HOLLAND AEROBIC-TREATMENT NUTRIENTS NITROGEN OKYGENATION TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLOI HOUSE FLY PUPAE AS FOOD FOR POULTRY KEYWORDS FEEDS NUTRIENTS MUSCA-DOMESfICA CURRENT TKENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRJENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOT# KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE CRO CATTLE, SHINE AND CHICKEN MANURE CHALLENGES WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS KEYWORDS COSTS FER LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER CUALITY KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-QUALITY HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER ODOR RUNOF CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEYWORD FEED BIOCHEMICAL NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTHASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYWOR MANURING Of POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON UTILIZATION UF ANIMAL WASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MAN ROLE OF THE RENOERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY CF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO A ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR ECONOMICS OF LIOUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COO BOO COST NUTR 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-0 DESIGN FOR FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-R EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER 8UALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOf THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL-WASTE-UISPOSAL KEYWORDS GRANTS ALGAE FWPCA NUTRIENTS RE WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS—SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 196* ANNU RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COD FERTILIZERS MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATER LYSIMETER PLOW- POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA THEN TROGEN-CYCLE> OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOD OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-OUAL1TY SO ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS ODORS NUT A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CONPUTER-MQO ECONOMICS UF HASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COSTS MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALU EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION CRO CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEOUS SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIOUOR KEYWORD RECYC SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL REGIONAL LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-AND-OEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH WASTE-INOUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SH?NE HASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SHINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAl-CHEMIC MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF fOutw POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SCLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO DRYING ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORUS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-MEALT BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF AMMAL HASTES TO NUTRIENTS KEYWCROS POULTRY FLY-PUPAE NUTRIENT POULTRY POLLUTION RESEARCH RESULTS KEYWORDS OOOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTIIATION FEEO EARLY EXPERIMENTS AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THEUSE OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYW DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS »GR ICULTURAL-C EFFECTS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON WATER OUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESERVOIR FISHFILL PERIOCIOITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLCT KEYWORDS POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PROBLEM KEYWORDS CCSTS rtUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU ANIMAL HASTE OISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL NATER-POLLUTION NITRATES THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS HATER-POLLUTlUN NITRATES PHOSPHATES NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED MANURE AS FEEO KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORUS IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER CETERCENTS ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY OOOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-METHODS EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYHORDS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL HASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ODOR W WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC A BALANCE-SHEET-METHOO OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-HASTES TO SURFAC USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES KASTE-HATER-TR A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE HATER RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION HITH DAIRY HASTES KEYWORD fERTIl HATER-QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND RE-USE OF HASTEHATER EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS NUTRIENT-REMOV PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYHORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE KEVWORDS ECONOMICS INCOME FARM-HASTES NUTRIEN NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL 138 image: ------- 200 71 oabl cvo 7J oasi iuO 71 U85J 20U 73 1062 iuv 7J 1126 IUO 65 1079 iOCJ 71 0608 Hi* 71 0705 iuu Tt 1017 iUO 73 1093 100 71 1WO 200 71 OS47 200 71 OB4H 2UU 71 OB4V 4UO 70 002y 2^0 bt> 014& 2u-U 69 01*6 1QU 70 0*76 4CQ 7| 0295 1UJ 70 0021 luO 68 0036 Ida 65 DOTS Uo 6S> 0366 10U 65 0699 LOO 65 1219 100 66 0437 100 67 0448 LQO 68 0044 100 66 0106 IW kit 0337 100 69 0096 100 69 0310 LOU JCi 0028 100 70 0084 100 70 OOB9 100 70 0094 100 70 DU2 1UO 70 0228 100 70 0368 100 70 0678 1UO 70 0684 100 71 0167 100 71 0266 100 71 0*43 100 71 06B2 100 71 0663 100 It 0721 100 71 0729 100 71 1214 100 72 11BB 1OO 70 1237 200 66 0115 200 66 0122 200 66 0129 2UO 66 0130 200 66 0132 200 66 0137 200 66 0150 200 66 0587 200 69 0074 200 69 0078 200 69 0163 200 69 0164 200 69 0167 200 69 0176 200 69 018S 200 69 0192 200 69. 0197 200 6« 0199 200 64 0202 200 64 0203 200 69 0522 200 69 0428 ZOO 69 OS 34 2DO 69 0941 200 69 OS46 200 69 0948 200 69 0736 200 70 0114 200 70 0234 200 70 0239 200 70 02*3 200 70 0244 200 70 0251 200 70 0320 200 TO 0323 2 (JO 70 0326 290 TO 071$ 200 70 0716 200 70 0128 200 71 0483 200 71 0594 200 71 0597 200 71 0662 200 Tl OT40 200 71 0772 200 71 0777 200 71 0743 2dO 71 0787 200 71 0790 NUTRIENT-REOUIKEHE NUTHJENT-REOJISEME WFimNT-REOUIREME NUT3 1ENT-REUU1KEHE NUTH 3£N7-fieOL*7 SgME NU1H1T10N NUTR I T I UN WIRITICN NUTRITION NUTRITION NUrun lONAL-tNTEfttt HUTR! 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CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGA IHPROVFF-ENT IN THE COLLECTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN CIQMUM HYURJXIOE SUSPENSION KEVh HOOSEFL* LARVAC alQOESHAOATICIfj CF HEN tUCHETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE CF THE OOOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED II8UID POULTRY MANURE TREATMENT, USE. AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION DOOR THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING Of POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES CUKRENt TRiNOS.,IN FtyL*. WASH BI$MSU... XEYHOROS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK DOOR POPULATION RAISING- LJ«tTPtKmi'M:<*»Mt.F*»NS(.,4Eywp«Cl^ QOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT .MMCUUTWMU&Tr-MtEMCM>NtUI.'--K!nfUD.S POUUHY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EOUIPMEN THE FUTURE Of FAftH ANIMAL WASTE HANAGEMtNT KEYWORDS REUSE ODOR POLLUTION f-uTURE HANlTG CHANCING PRACTICES IN AGRICULTURE AND THEU EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS UDOR P CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS H1TH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUIO MANURE STORAGE TANKS CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIOUIO MANURE STDKAGE TANKS SULFUR SACTSRIA IN REO LACOOMS KEYWORDS ODOR SUIFUR-BACTERIA IACOONS AERATION Of LIttUID POULTRY MANURE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE HE ANIMAL NASTI HAWJLrNS AND DISPOSAL IN CONFINEMENT PRCOUCTION OF SHINE KEYWORCS SYSTEM HOW ENVWOWIWAI, MBBVtHS AFFECT FAUN EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILUER OW3S RUNOF DESIGN AND OCiRATIQN OF A PHOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST 7H( DUPD5AJ. DF.ASBICULTUKAL HAST£ HEYWOROS WASTE-OISPQSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FE«LCT COORS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR CATTLE FEED-LOT POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON MANA6EMNT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECUNOMCS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL COOK ST METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS oooa POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO WATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR CHYS CO DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLCU-FURROH-COVER KEYWORDS ODOR SLURRIES FURROWS fLIES L REgUIREMENTS FOR MICRDBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS ODOR BIOO PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SwINE HASTES 8Y LASOONIN,! K6YWQROS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR CAS LAGOO PROBLEMS OF CATTt-E FEEOIN6 IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS HYB«O«H iULfWJ AND KHHYV WRCAPIANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS DECRAC-AIIO AS»0.»IC. aiGgjTIQN Of SUlHf WVTE, KE»HO»BS OXY&ENATION AERATION LACOON CX IDAT ION-C I FCH o»»seiu7io*».e»p«i7iev.ijF O*IO*TJBN otrcn ROTORS FOR coNfiMEKtNf UVESTOCK BLIILBINGS n DESIGN PAKAMITEftS FDA THE SJAMU2A1IU* OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION SWINE HASTES, CNARiCTERIIATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B AEKQ81C STORAGE OF OAUY CATTLt KANURE ' KEYWORDS AEBSTION TEMPERATURE ODOR COO LOAOIN DISPOSAL OF MIRY CATTLE WASTES BY AERATED LASOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYWORDS 8DD COD OK ;-r?u!'ls *ND '.weilMS IN sow SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS POULTRY HOUSE. OUST,,-ODOR A(iD.THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL KEYWORDS FILTERS FOAM-PAD-F ILTE KMOVA.U OF Wi.rfR MOM AJM**V MklURJS KEYWORUS POULTRY CDOR MOISTURE-CONTENT WEIGHT VO *|U'JI't*e(WOmCJ Op= »NIH*L, «*.«• DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET MO DKY TECHNIQUSS KEYWORD KQNDMle eWllUHON.UFflOUIP MANWE SYSTEMS fOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST WtO SHOUL-0 M6ULMI TOU».T*t CJWFUtT ?*OlitEI«S KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ODOR GOVT tOMHUNlCAT FUTU«E-T««NOS IN 11 V«TOCK-PROOUCTION KfYKORDS WISCONSM WASTE-DISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWCBOi BOOR LAWO-USE COALS POPULATICN COLUHaiA-COUNTV MQ6RAK KiYHOHOS. POLLUUON-ABATEMeMT OtCR iONtNC NIlRATES PROGRAM FESDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KE»«q«05 KUNOFF FISH-KILL IRKCGATION FARM LAGOONS QOOR C TH6 KANSAS ANIMAL M&T6 CONTROL PRQ5KAM KEYWORDS LEHSLATJON CATTLE INVEST HAT I QMS WA RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT SWINE-WASU HANACEHENI UWOItQS LIGAL-»iPEC1S DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC SWINE MANURE - UA»IHTY OS ASSET KEYWORDS WATEH-POLLUTION «] R-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNlIfD-MNGUOH SLURRIES BOD COP DO OOOR COSTS EOUIPMENT FARM WASTES P118UC..HI*UH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLAU MINIMIiWS POULTRY WASTE PM»LE« KEiKQRCS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOD OK FERTILIZERS SLU M1NWU1NG TH* WAStE PROBLEM WITH f.JfS KEYWORDS SLURKIES SwINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS lMENI Of HI* HASTES.. KfyWOROS OOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COD OXID -«*ST{& IN AN .URBAN-SNVIRONHEN1 JCEYWQ90S ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RESEARC .Rf«.»*C«-NE£OS Ktrutoi POULTRY aooa Lrouia-HANOLiNG SHUO HOISTURE- «>W«h-«£nS KEKWORDS £NVJ*CNMENT OOOR WASTE-HANDL INI SURVEYS RE *NO AN »tP«0*CH tO OISPUSAL OF «.MIHkL WASTE KEYWORDS OtHYDRtTlON FORC E "OH,CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA n.. "NCEP-TION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL OUAHTY-STANDARDS KEYWOROS WATER-OUA "UES "t'lQKOS LAWS PERMITS DDO« LOCAL-GOVERNMENTS REGULA l-« -'S LIWS'OCK FEEOLOT DESIGN AWMNMEMENt KEYWORDS RUNO* WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVE KEYWORDS LI6UIO-WASTES ODOR WASTE-STORAGE AERDBIC-TREATME PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE OUHGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE A LAND RECYCLING L10UID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD FEEDLDT MANtKE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWQROS OOOR DUST NITROGEN LJGOON EVAP SOLVING IHE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION HEYWWQS QOOH DRY I^*SI«°! ?AR" *MIMAl PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS SOI IDENTIFICATION OF CAMONYL CCdPOUNOS IN A SHINE-autLOIhC ATHOSPHERS KEYHORDS OODR ORG image: ------- 2uO 71 0792 iuo 71 0811 200 71 081* 2UO 71 OBIS 2uo 7L 0829 200 71 0840 2UU 71 08*1 200 71 0842 200 71 1096 200 72 1011 200 72 1013 200 72 1018 20U 72 1019 2uu 72 1020 200 72 1024 200 72 1029 300 49 1210 300 64 1110 3UO 65 0757 300 69 0001 r300 69 0300 300 69 0631 300 69 0632 300 69 0633 300 69 0638 300 70 0009 300 70 0073 300 70 0204 300 70 0205 300 70 0455 300 71 0671 300 71 0621 300 71 0623 300 71 0626 3UO 71 0675 300 71 0700 300 71 1008 400 64 0379 400 67 0359 400 69 0039 400 70 0022 400 70 0046 400 70 0577 400 71 0262 400 71 0295 400 71 11*3 400 72 1032 400 72 1173 400 73 1178 500 71 1072 600 70 0469 6UO 72 1001 600 72 1002 600 72 1004 600 72 1031 600 72 1071 700 69 1067 700 70 1109 600 72 1004 200 70 0728 300 69 0317 400 70 0097 100 65 0346 100 65 0470 100 68 0442 100 69 0333 100 69 050B 100 70 1227 100 71 0314 100 71 0576 100 71 0674 200 69 0157 200 69 0161 200 69 0162 200 69 0198 200 69 0525 200 70 0225 200 70 0321 200 70 O670 200 70 1114 200 71 0563 200 71 0595 200 71 0604 200 71 0606 200 71 0661 ZOO 71 0665 200 71 076Z 200 71 0763 200 71 07B8 200 71 0793 ZOO Tl 0798 200 71 0802 200 71 0806 200 71 0837 300 68 07*9 300 69 0006 300 69 0007 300 69 0467 300 69 063T 300 TO 0414 fJDLJK OOOR ODUK ODOR ODQR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODUR ODUR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODUR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR ODOR OOQR OOOR ODOR OOOR OOOR ODOR OOOR OOOR OOOR ODOR ODOR OOOR OOOR OOOR ODOR ODOR OOOR ODOR ' ODOR OOOR ODOR ODORANTS ODORLESS ODOROUS ODORPOULTRV ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS DOORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS DOORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS ODORS KEYWORD INDEX CHRDMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF MALUOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL HASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING OF MANURE IH SUPERHEATED STEAM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT 00 PVROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS DRYING POULTRY HASTE KEYWORDS CDOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY HATER OUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIOUID, SEMI-LIQUIOt AND DRY DAIRY LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, AERATION-CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FA SHURT TEKH AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FOR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRJII THE USE OF OXIOATION PONDS FOR POULTRY PROCESSING HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-* ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNOHATER R POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOI EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KtYHOROS PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER \MEHPOINT KEYWORDS POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION SOI HASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SMEEP CATTLE HOGS NE6RASK CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PROOUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING WAS MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D LAKE TERMINOLOGY HATER BLCCM KEYWORDS EUTROPHiqATI0* ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMMONIA N SWINE HOUSING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBI WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KEYWOR DOORS, GASES, AND PARTICULATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHROMATO THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE ODOR CONTROLS bY CHEMICAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS POULTRY ANMONIA-HYDKOGEN-SULFIDE CARBON- LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDIES - TERMINATION REPORT KEYWORDS BOD COD ODOR OXIDATION STOCKMEN S LIABILITY UNDER THE MISSOURI NUISANCE LAW KEYWORDS ODOR NOISE LAWSUITS OAMA POULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS ODOR HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS DI ANlSn wl ?E 01 SpSsAL BECOMES A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS DOOR GASES LAGOONS RE REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, PART II EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR CRYING KEYUO POULTRY POLLUTION RESEARCH RESULTS KEYHORDS ODOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED ECONOMICS OF DRIED POULTRY HASTE DPW AS A FEED INGREDIENT OR A FERTILIZER KEYHORDS DR??S2 OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE-LAYER HOUSE KEYHORDS ODOR ENVIRONMENT AIR-VENT1LATI SSo« C?GE SRY^G of POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR AIR-ORYING-NANURE CAGE LIVESTOCK WASTE PISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF iil^AL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R ! REP^R? ON THREE MANURE-COMPOSTING PLANTS KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-DECOMPOSITION AMMON WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ODOR AEROBIC-BACTERIA HOTOR PROB L^BOR FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI MM^LE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GOOD NEIGHBOURLJNISS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BU B?5« SIJlNG OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYHORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS nxlDATION OITCH IN CAGE LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY BOO N-1RELANO ODOR OXlOATION-OI A^O^EL? NEW SCENT FOR MANURE KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION SAGEBRUSH FARM-WASTES ODOR NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-WASTES ODOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES 212 DOM iOHlML PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN SDOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO HUM^N AND ANIMAL HASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL 1RRIG WHY DOES IT SMELL SO BAO KEYWORDS ODOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES ?MCL?S!o-PL*NE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM i^NG DDDR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA CoiSfL^ING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS €?E?TR?C IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR ! COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS inAL?S?S OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES ODOR W AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T AIR POLLUTION ASPECTS OF ODOROUS COMPOUNDS KEYWORDS AIR ODOROUS MULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED-WATER AERATION EQUIPMENT COSTi FL iirnnws FDR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BOO ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF cSS?WLLl2G ODORS FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS LEG CAN LIME AND CHLORINE SUPPRESS ODORS IN LIOUID HOG MANURE KEYHORDS LIME CHLORINE ODORS OUDAT10N-DITCH TREATMENT CF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOO COO ODORS EOUIPMENT I 2lR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES,DETERMINATION OF MALODORS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPMIC AND 0 AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES e«es AND DOORS FROM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IOEN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS KEYWORDS ODORS COO CONFINEMENT-PENS CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTR *2?MA? WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COD DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-HANAGEN THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE ' LWESTOCK PRODUCTION VS ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFFICIEN ENGINEERING-RESEARCH ON FARM-ANIMAL-MANURE KEYWORDS ODORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT HASTE- tEGAL-RESTRAlNTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYWORDS ODORS HATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES WASTE-DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION, POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDERING-PLANT ODORS SENAG A^TERNAn^ES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CON ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA i?R POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS OUST ALLERGENS ODORS PESTICIDES SMOKE ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAMS REGULATION E STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS OAIRY-INOOSTR POULTRY HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHORDS EUTROPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY nonas AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO W«?E «SAGEMMT ON" MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIELOS SEPTICM LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA TH! BEAUTIFUL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS DOORS NUT UTIGAT"NEXI>ERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-A CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES KEYWORDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AN THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS AUTOMATED HANDLING. TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF WASTE WATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT COMPOSTING OAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIQUID SHINE MANURE SYSTEMS K ROTOR AERATION OF SHINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-M SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS OE SHINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-GASES FROM STORED SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS ODORS CARBO IDENTIFICATION OF FEEDLOT ODORS KEYWORDS AMINES IDENTIFICATION ODORS SOIL FILTRATION TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AMMONIA HYDROGEN- THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNOW 140 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX JOU 71 0673 loj M 0704 4i/;) 70 00'* 1 *0'J 70 0579 400 71 0309 4oJ 71 0311 *u'/ 71 J3io 4(10 71 0456 500 68 12S9 6uJ 71 049> 72 1264 200 69 01B< 20J 0-y 01VO 600 72 1004 300 72 1264 200 71 0791 !!>•) 70 0019 201) 69 0190 3u-> 0189 301) 69 0635 IOC 69 0105 200 69 0919 JCJ 68 0741 100 71 1039 300 26 1204 300 73 1009 4uO 72 1171 300 70 1084 300 71 1081 2o'J 7u 1050 300 69 1103 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 200 71 0600 fOU 71 1234 300 69 1103 300 70 1192 300 70 1201 4uO 71 1196 4oO 72 1173 600 70 0469 200. 69 0190 300 69 0633 600 69 1160 100 70 0063 400 73 1073 100 64 1200 200 72 1108 300 69 1103 300 72 1052 400 71 1131 400 71 1131 200 70 0687 400 72 1179 luO 66 0381 100 70 0458 100 71 0729 300 69 0053 200 64 1241 200 71 0769 100 71 1228 400 70 0091 200 69 0169 300 70 1247 100 70 0416 100 70 0420 100 71 0909 200 71 0783 400 69 0439 100 69 0096 100 69 0908 200 71 0837 700 70 1066 100 69 0693 100 72 1222 200 71 0790 300 69 0632 3UO 69 0634 300 69 0637 100 71 0976 200 69 1102 200 69 1116 200 70 1114 100 65 0377 1UO 69 0086 100 69 1198 100 72 1239 300 70 1084 400 66 0380 400 68 0032 500 70 0388 600 72 1156 UUUKS OUURb ODUitS ODORS ODJKS UUIIRS l-DURi Ul/jRS IJCiQRS UUOH-CONTKOl UOQH-CONTKfJL OOUR-CONHOL ODOR-CONTROL UDUR-INTeNSIIY OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT QF ANIMAL MANURE ODOKS KEYWORPS DRYING POULTRY AIR-DRY * UXIOAIIUN CONTKOL OF CAN """ONIA HYDROGEN-SULFIOE CHROMATOGR MANURE HANDLING AND POLLUTION KEYWORDS BUS? «!«?&"« SS^TROL POOL RECYCLED SOURCE FROM CJOGR-NUISANCE OOUR-PAMtL UOQR-PANEL ODUR-PANEL ODOR-PREVENTION UUOR-PRUBLSMS ODOR-OUALITY OOlm-SIRENGTH ODOR-STRENGIH DOUR-THRESHOLD ODOR-THRESHOLO OF OHIO UH1U OHIO UHIO UK OIL OIL-INDUSTRY OIL-INDUSTRY OIL-WASTES OIL-WASTES OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA RULES ANU NUTRIENTS IM - HASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILUAT1U VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN tS TO CONTROL AMMONIA ANL> OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS '"iSciilK OrFEJiSlST^^^ CONTROL. OF MALOOORJ FROM'LAND SPRE.AP1NG OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS C CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN CIRCULATION GAS-Ch«l)NATOGRJPHYF|LTER-PAOS POULTRY-DOST 00 JYWOROS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG nc tc«n?,^ ° S*SIEM "LYES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS MFAcTluCtfiuT nc t!2 ™™ ?, CONrRCL KEYWORDS AI R-pgLLUt ION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO FROM UNDILUTED AND DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS ODOR-STRENGTH METHA '« ^CON^ONENTS OF SWINt-BUlLDING. ODOR. KEYWORDS ODOR-THRESHOLO CHROMAT KEYWORDS HYUROGEN-SULFIOE ANAEBOBIC-CONLUTIONS ODOR-THRESHOLD AE •OR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROMLIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACIL 7n-;.«i , J?G MODLA'*0 A(*» FARMLAND NEAR COSHUCTON OHIO KEYWORDS COMPANY X GINTLING STREAK POLLUTION. aY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS i~nr,K<~.~T roS^ri, Ii* FEEDLOT KUNOFF KEYHQROS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FUR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEEU-LOTS PLASTICS TILES "I OF UKB4N REFUSE TO OIL KEYWOKU5 RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUOGE OIL WATE lcN?n4c'CMcASI!LT? ?U KEV"QK°S HECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU FUTURE NEW THEOlJtS OF. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWOROS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAM DF 'WATERS A M^MllSS,,"!5 "* OKLAHOMA lUYKOROi OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC Fomiur ne U.T«-« . - c?!u! N KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL STATE ScLlI™! ^ S?f.ME4NOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES HATER-POLLUTION SO*E o«FRv.A?n«4 ™ 111 ,'£S IN ANIM4t "ASrE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES ENFORCEMENT OF WAT R LIMNOLOGY OF A POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS OKLi»nMlIFFcnCvi?nJE!rTllAtiT^ LA"S F°R THE FEE^I-OT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYHOKDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HITH ANTI PCLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEcL ASPECTS PDLLUTION-AB «. nnn. ""'^'•jjOUCT .KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-SI SPo!." FilS"oTs" «OONroxYGENLNlTSSG" ,Jl?if Ln r * KEYWORDS OOUR LITERATURE (NST«UMENTATIL)N PERCEPTION THEORIES O-L-FA-CTC-RY-THRESH'SL VMr«iSi?TiT?« S^iwii.iiqS^F^He'ooS^MRMSTM'oF CH??KENTM?NURETH SoT"^*'' °N?JR!O EOUAn°N flEA?-FEEESLo{lapESAT^I[LLF^?l:SI SURF4CE RUNaFF «»««<» FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS ONTAR 0 NITRATE COwU^l St «»rr,' ,SJ AR'C KEYWOROS *UNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE ONTOGENY PR^kElsiSf CH!^ €R,C?hA'ES FR°K MANURED 1«IMTIHS- «YHORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS ON-SITE-INVEST1GAT EFFFrr? nc Aroiri.i r,.o. CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE OPEN-SHED OPERATING-COSTS OPERATING-COSTS OPERATION OPERATION OPERATION OPERATIONS OPTIMIZATION OPTIONS ORANIC-ACIDS ORCHARD OREGON .ORGANIC ORGANIC ORGANIC ORGANIC ORGANIC ORGANIC-ACIDS ORGANIC-ACIDS ORGANIC-ACIDS ORGANIC-CARBON ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ORGANIC-GASES ORGANIC-LOADING ORGANIC-LOADING ORGANIC-LOADING ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTER ORGANIC-MATTEK cvcrcur /!»•»* - • — - -— —.__ „,, wwiinvt- ««iiu vnuvrpyn** ic* » t»I cnj isci nums* tvcrcu. rSu^4RES K^WUR"S FEED-LOTS. PERFORMANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE MC I. I COMPARED KEYWOROS FEED-LUTS PfRFORHANCE RUNOFF FARM-WASTES CATTLE THE PR|CF ?!r ?n !J« «i P2N° °N HOC ABATfOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF WASTES «nl S,J°.II?PrrEEULOT "UN 0fF «^OI10S FARM-WAST I WASTE-OISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT WASTES FROM PIG-PRODUCTION UNITS KEYWORDS OXIDATIONrOITCH EFFLUENT BOD LININGS SECOND .TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENI OESIC,* AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA uiJ" IISH 9F,* PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST -CACJDA DHY«ini'nr'J n« !u2 ? Li 6 KEVHDRI'S OISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR CAUDA PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PRUTOZDA KEYWORDS RUMJNANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI WASTES us! nl SOME THE AIR A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF AN|NAL HASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-MOD « TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OISP rucifr?4 ™! 9°SR5 KEWRDS POULTRY AMMONIA HYDROGEN-SLJLFIDE CHROMATOGR ~nf INnutrSfi, SfA«! lvUn°N 01li6SIIBli-ITY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWOROS CATTLE •° oi ?ATnJ t.SnJI'I,^.?0*05 M*6m INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEED BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES T ON,AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED HABITATS KEYWORDS LAGO AND THE NATURE OF THE CHELATING L16ANDS OF WATER EXTRACT n« ..-;,- , LE" ECONQ' image: ------- 10U 72 1199 200 6T 12*3 tto 72 1001 200 66 0120 100 70 12J7 200 70 1115 ?00 71 1252 3UO 5) 1206 10D 68 1043 !(J(I 69 1061 JUU 69 1125 300 70 12*7 300 71 1245 4UO 66 0380 <«0 68 0032 300 64 0632 100 66 0063 200 70 0235 600 72 1002 3UU 69 0002 1UO 71 1236 10U 71 1038 200 69 0542 100 70 0570 100 70 0342 100 66 0478 100 68 0106 100 70 1230 100 71 0*51 100 71 1221 200 66 0133 image: ------- 4JO 71 1172 400 73 1178 600 72 1071 70U 70 110) 200 66 U152 21KJ 66 0154 200 70 0253 600 71 0288 2UO 70 0670 20U 70 0715 200 71 0653 200 66 0138 200 64 0176 200 70 0737 200 71 0837 200 71 0802 100 65 0263 100 66 0437 100 68 0106 100 71 0304 200 66 0134 200 69 0162 200 69 0166 2UO 71 0787 3uO 69 0006 300 71 1119 400 72 1173 100 69 0355 200 69 0074 2uO 69 0166 200 70 1114 100 69 1231 100 72 1235 200 69 0177 200 69 0194 200 71 0641 200 71 0825 700 68 0330 100 72 1199 300 70 1104 400 71 0293 100 65 0377 100 60 0337 100 69 0061 100 70 0042 200 70 0214 200 70 0226 300 70 0474 400 70 0070 200 71 0779 300 72 1003 400 68 0101 1JO 71 0751 100 70 1111 100 69 1198 100 72 1215 100 70 1040 200 69 0189 200 71 0277 600 69 1239 100 69 0707 200 64 1241 100 70 1237 100 63 1064 200 68 1244 300 71 1106 500 70 0395 300 69 0631 300 69 0636 100 69 0363 300 70 1104 100 69 0108 100 69 0416 200 70 0719 100 69 0353 200 70 0253 100 67 0713 200 71 0795 200 70 0238 100 67 1258 100 70 1051 100 70 1217 100 71 0484 LOO 71 1212 100 71 1213 100 71 1232 100 70 1237 200 68 1242 200 68 1244 200 69 1102 200 71 0798 200 71 0825 200 71 0836 200 71 1099 200 72 1016 200 72 1023 300 70 1101 300 70 1104 300 71 051S 400 66 0354 OXIDATION OXIDATION OXIDATION UXIDATION OXIDATION OXIDATION OXIDATION UXIOATION UX1DATlOft UXIOATION OXIDATION LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS LAGOONS PITCH PITCH PITCH POND POXDS PONDS PONDS OXIDATION-REOUCTIU KEYHORO INDEX Jui^UNT'ftOLIHAYIBECAlT1[lG; t™?^*" «Y"OR" OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE A COMPARISON OF TH"REF t««2! In «™OROS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-HASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO RISON oc A" Lh«n»?r5 °? """PORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYHOROS )-HANURF m«nc?['VnEATING S*'NE WA5TES CHORDS FARM-HASTES HOGS A NT T«?«r? ?* **,or 2°" CONFINE» LIVESTOCK. KEYHORDS COD BOD COST NUTR .NT_TRENCS IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYHOROS DISPOSAL OXIDATION-PITCH FAMI < niTnA??™ on L LA600N AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES rM?JI Hi X.c EFFLUENT KEYHOROS MISSISSIPPI IRRIGATION OXI OVERALL "PROBLEMS AND AN^PPRalrH ?n i?«nJL w ANIMAL H*STES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES CON - -"TREATMENT it r5?n^T,iS Sn °S L °f ANIMAL "*STE CHORDS DEHYDRATION FORC " ^^OB^'AG^F^^ DAIRY CATTLE HASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION KEYHOROS BOO COD OX AERAT ,ON •NTVM""oI"MNlSSL*lSTSwpS««I!!ni!;lNI^JSS2N-!JM'!!!.T..!'f .^LOGICAL _OENITR IF ICA OXYGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN UXYGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN UXVGEN OXYGEN OXYGENATION OXYGENATION UXYGENATION OXYGENATIUN UXYGEN-OEMANO OXYGEN-DEMAND OXYGEN-DEMAND OXYGEN-DEMAND OXYGEN-DEMAND OXYGEN-DEMAND OXYGEN-TRANSFER OXYTETUACYCLINE OYSTERS OYSTERS P P PACJHC-NORTHHEST PAC1FIC-NORTHHEST- AEROBIC o GEsn^N 5FSS2?SE SAS?E KE?HS«D?B'^I?IATMENT NUTRIE*Ts NITROGEN OXYGENATION ANALYSIS FI« oxvrfN TDAiucho JnL*?! DS oxrGENATION AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-OITCH CATTLE KSK OF BEEF «£OLOT wSsTE"2SSi«HEN?Y|I!1??I ?," " SU"-"ROFERT1ES SOtL-SURVEYS F B THE ENVIRONMEN* «y!n2Je illr, N'TIVES "YHOROS FARM-HASTES HASTC-TRE ? I r 5? ?r ! f K ? «.: r r s PASTEURELLA PASTURE PASTURE PASTURE PASVEER PASVEER-OITCH PATASSIUM PATHOGEN PATHOGENIC PATHOGENIC-BACTERI FATHOGEN1C PATHOSENIC FATHOGEN1C FATHOOEN1C PATHOttENIC PATHOGENIC PATHOGENIC PATHOGEN1C PATHOGENIC FATHOGENIC PATHOGENIC BACTERI BACTERI 6ACTERI BACTERI BACTERI BACTERI BACTERI BACTERI BACTERI BACTERJ BACTERI OF SALMON10 FISH HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE R ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROS MANAGEMENT" INSECTICIDES MATTER FROM HIGH «v OAniirT. i;= C1RculATtON GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHVFILTER-PAOS POULTRY-DUST 00 Dm I I IT I nil nn*f..**i. _- e »i »*«» • n. -• ^v/«^il» dUnTALC MAlCK KcYWOKDS SALKONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS »-m^iW!SM . - o ^ia^K^K^vnasrgiKi^s e.,^n ." Ftcll-ITIES KEYHORCS LABORATORY-ANIMALS HASTE-HATER-THFA _ _ SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYHOKDS SOURCES FISH HATCHFRIti 511 Unu aa^^^-^is,!H^«^^j53KrJB3SMrs THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROB1CALLY T SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEPTOSPIRES IN SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL HASTES T CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK HASTE BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF FISH AS POTENTIAL V FECAL RESIDUES FROM BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0 '•'. HASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOTS IASTE KEYHOKDS OXYGEN-DEMAND SAL CATTLE MANURE KEYHORD PATHOGENI KEYHORDS MICROORGANISMS HATER-POL CONDUCTIVITY FARM-HASTES RUNOFF TH KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES ••"" KEYHOROS ALGAE CULTURES ENTERIC-8ACT " KEYHOROS DISEASES VECTROS-B10LOGY PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA BORON " ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS 143 image: ------- 500 71 1072 200 66 0116 2oO 70 1053 100 67 1218 100 70 0018 200 71 0763 10J 69 0265 50U 70 0402 luO 70 1111 100 70 1217 100 70 1251 100 71 1039 100 71 1236 303 71 1126 300 71 1246 300 72 1052 100 70 0362 200 72 1025 100 69 10*2 2o'J 71 0669 luO 65 1079 20J 70 0727 300 71 0.584 300 71 0457 200 66 0124 200 69 0562 100 72 1222 200 64 1241 600 70 046? 4 THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEVWO JniYCntoJ NATED BIPHENYLS «YWaROS CHLORINATED-HYDROCAReON-PESTIClOES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHDSPHO STIcoE BURDEN IN WATER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DOT SOURCES CONCENTRATION POLLUTION RESULTING FRCMAGH CULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES PoTtuTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RAD uTFR SOLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS MLA?ION OF AGRICULTURE TO WOUNOwilM POLLUTION A REVIEW KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS PESTI POLLUTION AND EUTROPHlCATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS ,IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-8UALIIY TEXAS EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER flUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF !EG!LIR°STRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTION KEYWORDS ODORS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES LHAT DO WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING THE SPORTSMANS VIEW KEYWORDS PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE TOXICITV B10LOG CONCERN KEYWCRDS PESTICIDES WATER-POLLUTION PANIC-POWER MIS-USE RtSISTA KEYWORDS DOT HAZARDS BENEFICIAL-USE HEALTH PESTICIDES MW AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS OUST ALLERGENS ODORS PESTICIDES SMOKE iati AND THE FARMER KEYWORDS RUNOFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE CO u» SASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS WATER- IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY KEYWORDS SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-EFFECTS .ruilKRF fHE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POUUTIQ AGR CUttUR»t JStLU^ION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN. KEYWORDS RUNOFF PESTICIDES EUTROPHlCAT MANAGING OUR ENVIRONNINT KEYNORDJ MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO 3i?« SotLUTIM CONTROL LEOItLAUCN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART fr KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C KONPOINTRUWL SOURCES OF"AT«R POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILU CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV CAMLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB PESTICIUES AND PEST-MANAGEHINT FOR MX I MUM-PRODUCT I ON AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWORDS tfFtCrl OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL-USES OF SURFACE-WATERS KEYWORDS R LSSAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATtR-COLLUTlON PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIIEKS POINT-SOURCES N GUIOKINE! FOR MiSiSiiiNG PESTICIDE POLLUTION KEYWORDS PESTICIOE-ORIFT WATER-QUALITY P FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUAL I TV-MANAGE 144 image: ------- 10U 12 1111 100 70 UU 100 73 11*5 20J 71 06*5 500 70 0356 500 10 0199 ll.,j 63 0338 100 65 0503 100 66 047J LOO t>t OCJ5 1UO tl 0096 IClO TiJ 0031 lu'J 70 0110 100 70 Q36'( 100 71 0*76 ZU'j 49 015T iuO f) 016f 2UII 69 01 BO 2'3 500 70 0391 70U 70 lObt 700 70 U56 7(10 Tl 1120 2CO 70 0670 JOO TO 0*1* 500 70 0405 100 67 0713 100 68 0307 100 6B 0502 100 69 0071 100 70 0050 100 70 1199 100 70 1233 100 71 0488 100 Tl 1197 100 73 1049 100 73 1162 100 73 1190 ZOO 64 0724 200 69 0165 200 69 01B3 200 £9 0200 ZQO 69 0*62 200 69 0521 200 69 0696 200 69 1116 200 TO 0219 ZOO 70 0720 200 Tl 0608 it)0 Tl 077* ZOO Tl 077* 200 71 077B 200 71 0761 200 7L 0608 200 71 0615 200 71 oeie 200 72 1014 2UO 73 1189 JOB 70 0992 100 71 0630 300 71 0700 300 71 1058 300 71 1106 300 72 1260 400 67 122* ADO 69 104$ *00 71 W93 400 72 1166 400 72 1173 $00 70 0)88 PESTICIDE-RESIDUES PESTICIOE-TOXICITY PESTICIUE-TOXICITY PEST-CONTROL PEST-CONTROL PEiT-MftNAGEMENT PH PH PH PH CH PH PH VH rn PH PH PH PH PH PH PH PH PH PH PHACE PHINE-P.IVER PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE PHUSPHA1EC- PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATtS PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHUSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES. PHOSPHOROUS PHOSPHOROUS PHOSPHOROUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHURUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHCRUS PHOSPHCRUS PHOiPHCRUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS srOSPHOKUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS KEYWORD 1NDE« IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOB THE DETERMINATION Of OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK BILK PRODUCTS CHIC PULYCHLOlUNAfEQi BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLOKINATED-HYDKOCAReON-PESTIC IDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI FLY CONTROL AMD CHRONIC TOXIC1TY FROM FEEDING OURSBAN 0-0 DI6THYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLORO-2-P PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FUTURE KEYWORDS PEST-CONTROL AGRICULTURAL-CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AND PEST-MANAGEMENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWORDS PESTICIDES AMD PEST-tUNA&EI'ENT FOR MAXIMUM-PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM POLLUTION KEYWORDS DIGESTION-TESTS UF LIVESTOCK-HASTES KBYWOKDS BOD COD CATTLE POU'LTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABDRATOR TH£ INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF'1 ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY 01 TREATHEMT Uf BEEF-CATTLE WASTE KATES FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD COD t>H SEPTIC-TAN IDENTIF ICATfON Of CASES IK A CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS ODOR ORGA VOLUILUATION AMU NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER S1HULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT ISOLATION OF SALMUNELLAE FKDM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRIC AUAERCblC DECOMPOSITION OF SwINE EXCRENSM KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS, TEMPERATURE SlUD IH€ mROFLOKA OF SOUTHERN JHlC PCULTKY LUTE* KEYWORDS FUNGUS PH BACTERIA MOLD PDUlfS ANlMlL fcASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS 800 COO 00 PH WAI EH-PCLLUT ION A1R-PGLLU1 ION SOSL-CUN AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED AMIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON FARM HASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A WC.OIF1EO PASVEt* OXIDATION OlTCH, SETTLIN CHARACTERISTICS OF AOUF.OUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOD PH REDOX-POTENTIAL CATTLE FEEDLOT KATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWRDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIO ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARH WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH THE EFFECT OF APPL I CAUON-flATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD Of CORN KEYWORDS CHEH1C CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEULQT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF OISS BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COO BOO TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE CORRELATING OIL ANU ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS REQUIREMENTS Fo« MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS, BOOR BtOO DETERMINATION UN MERCURY IN SAMPLES FkOM THE DJTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO LAND-DISPOSAL flF DAIRY-FARM-WASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUE.NT NITRUTE PHOSPHATE GROUNOWATER BATE AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS CUNFINEME.NT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMKQNIA N AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A ChEMICAi ANi) OETRirAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE SIVER IDAHO RUhCFF FLOUARE KEYWORDS inATER POLLUMON RESULTING FRO* AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS wATtd-POLLUTiON-souRCES WATER POLLUTION! FROM LAMD RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF KAIEH-POILUTICN INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS WATER POLLI/1ION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-QUiL I TV-ACT BOD PHOSP ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILIZERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALfONID FISH HATCHERIE.S KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMQNIOS SOUR LOSSES OF M TROGEN AMD PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL KUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-OUAL I TY TEXAS NUTSItNTS IN STREAMS OKAINJNG WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS POLLUTION POTENTIAL DF SALXONID F | SH HATCHEKIES KEYkOKDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS DE AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWMDS CXIOATIQU-LAGODNS FARM-WAS A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FOR CAIILt WASTES KEYWORDS LI BU I D-WASTE S PHUSPHAT THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MODERN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARWING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOC1 SUMMER CONFERENCE DF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL EFFECTS OF A6RICULTURAL LAND USE. ON THE OUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANNUAL SEPOKT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-BE SOURCES HUTER-USER POLLUTION LOADS !«, PERCOLATE .ATE* FRCM SURFACE SPREAD 5.INE WASTES KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES BEHAVIOR OF SDH AND FERTILIZER-PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TO WATER-PULLUT ION KEYWORDS PH WAUR POLLUTION BY SWINE PBCDUCTJON OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-OISPOSAL HYDROGR MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOI L-CUNTAMINAT *°V"" OF/HO&"**'IE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SLME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR ALTERNATIVES FUR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON THt POLLUTION POTfcNIIAt OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS GROUNDW EFFECTS OF A5KICULTURAL-POLLUTION ON CUTROPHICAT ION KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS NITRA SOHE At*oeic OEcOKp-osniON paomms OF DAIRY CSTTLE MANUREKEVWOROS o COD CATTLE NITRO EFFECT SDH TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORUS "AZURES • MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS POULTRY-UTTER COUTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN ENGINEERING. ANALYSIS DF CATTLE FfEDlOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI TREATMENT 1.HO DISPOSAL OF ANIWAL WASTES KEYWORDS LAGOONS NUTRIENTS CONFINEMENT HOLD1 AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO LUSSES OF MITRCIGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS F30M A6HICULTUIUL LAND KEYWORDS WArER-PDLLUTION-SOURC CHARACTER Z«T ION OF WtSIE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEY.ORO FffD BIOCHEMICAL NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM A&SICULTURAl LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT10N AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FtRT MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEVWOHOS PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL KEYWORDS NUTRIT DNAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCUI* PHOSPHCRUS AND MAGNESUIM ]W SHEEP KEY ;«iS;Vr ^LJ2=LA?2 ««UI«""TS FOR DISPOSAL OF LISUIO MANURE KEYWORCS POULTRY CONFIN AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT IS! !>n C , *ee°' °esl&"' ANO KANASEMINT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE ?H! If^??JCM°LJ2Ui;I!«;*Ktl*l OISPOS*L KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT f o,S, f,S FARM WASTES W THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT M*L6I1S K£TWRDS N"ER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL .5?1*6 PROt'(jU!ON ""EAS KEYWURB SUHFAC6-WATER5 OlStHARGE LAGO S TO CONIROL PCLLU1ION KEYWORDS PCLLU T ION-CONTROL OR6ANI C-LOADI °ESION °F AN ECONOMlt»L,LY FEASIBLE ANIHAL WASTE DISPOSAL SCHEME KEYWORD iLI"r'ON U5'"5 P°UL™Y UU£S «^OWS FARM-WASTE WASTE- n« K6Vll0*OS REUSE FERTILUATIUN NUTRITION PHOSPHORUS NITSOCEN S F BAflNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWN5TREM WATER CUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLE R-| nn«rf "at^""" ".0» SLOPING CATTLE FEEOLOTS *i AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL °° ™" !N*SltOBlC L4G°°N 6"UU£NT KEVWORDS AEROBIC-LAGOON UX Knm ™ i««T C°°* OMIM PRUIE™ POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY ECONOMICS OF SWIN6 WASTE DISPCSAL KEYWORDS COSTS ECCNCMIC-FEASlalL I TY AtRQBIC-TRE CHARACffRISTICS OF «N)M4(. K4STES AND KUNOfF (CE«,OROS' CONDUCT! V (TV f ARM-wijlES ^NaFF TH A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL «ED-?OTS F PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS eMVlIoWM^iC-WFECTS pSI!lC^£»LT A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF URIEL POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY OR E J BENNE K£YWO LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUT lON^CONTROL KEYWORD FEtO-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF DEVELOPMENT OF A HATHEMETiCAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE CF SURFACE R^NOFF^D GMuSowA ^»Sn 2S SIS f*v"10N«NT K6YV.ORDS MNAGEMENT ENVUmfENT AtiRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-" NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTIL 17 PHOSPHORUS t WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GROUNDWATER WATER-PDLLUT ION-SOURCES SE AE9KULrUKES CONTRIBUTfO*! TO THE FERTtlUAIICN Of CANAL LIKE KETMRDS- EUlRQPHItATION NU SODIUM EGC-SHEIU EFF-gUALJTY EGG-PMJDUC I I0f, ALBUMEN SOUIHERN WORKERS, REPORT RtSEARCH K HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACHE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-UISPOSA*. HOGS CATTLE NEW OODR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS OOOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN CHEXISMy OF SEDIMENT ]* KATE* KEYWRDS JVITROCEW PHOSPHCRUS WATEK-F-OtLUflOIV CLAYS 0«G image: ------- •«.,) 70 U390 •>wu 7u 0394 'juo ra u4or t.Ul) f2 1177 ?uD ^^ 104B fuu U 10V* iUO 71 06 image: ------- KErwcmo INDEX 200 70 0054 2liO 72 1022 2UO 72 102". 300 1077 3UO 68 1202 3UO 4 image: ------- 200 69 0517 200 69 0523 200 69 0528 100 69 0259 100 70 0112 200 69 0175 200 69 01BT 2UO 70 0054 200 70 0234 2UO 70 0241 300 69 0093 400 70 0092 200 70 0728 300 70 0383 200 71 0440 600 73 1075 100 67 0713 100 71 0681 100 67 1258 300 68 1123 200 69 0186 2UU 69 0200 300 69 0005 10U 71 0688 100 71 1039 100 71 1197 100 73 1069 200 68 0724 200 69 0482 200 69 1116 200 70 0720 200 71 0785 200 71 0801 200 71 0815 300 71 0269 300 71 0700 400 72 1166 400 72 1173 400 72 1177 100 71 1221 100 73 1069 100 70 006S 100 60 1078 100 63 0338 100 63 0436 100 65 0346 100 65 0503 100 65 0699 100 65 1091 100 66 0290 100 66 0422 100 66 0479 100 68 0011 100 68 0044 100 71 0461 100 69 0040 100 69 0364 100 69 0690 100 69 0707 100 69 0736 100 69 1231 100 70 0018 100 70 0024 100 TO 0026 100 70 006 5 100 70 0094 100 70 0107 100 70 0340 100 TO 036B 100 70 0570 100 70 098} 100 TO 1111 100 70 1227 100 70 1230 100 71 0187 100. 71 0266 100 71 0314 100 71 0348 100 71 0509 100 71 0674 100 71 0682 100 71 06-) 5 100 71 0729 100 71 0751 100 71 1092 100 71 1223 100 72 0746 100 72 1199 100 72 1222 100 73 1034 100 T3 1086 100 73 1164 100 73 1161 200 64 0750 200 66 0115 200 66 0117 200 66 0121 200 66 0122 200 66 0129 200 66 0130 POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION PUPULATtON-EUUlVAL PDPULATION-EUU1VAL POPULATION-ECU I VAL POPULATIDN-EUUlVAL POPULATION-EOUIVAL POPULATION-EMU I VAL POPULATION-ECU I VAL POPULATION-ESUIVAL POPULATION-EQUIVAL PORK PORK PORK-PKOOUCT10N POROSITY PORPEKTIES PORPERTIES POTAELE-WATEK POTABLE-WATER POTASH POTASH POTASH POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASSIUM POTASS IUM-PERMANGA POTATOES POTENTIAL POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY MOULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY BY-PRODUCTS IN W KEYWORD INDEX QUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS WHAT AND WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-WASTES THERES HOPE AHEAD KEYWORDS OOOR LANO-USE GOALS POPULATION .„.„„.,, n,r ANIMAL-WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION BOD COO NUTRIENTS ANAEROBIC -01 6 CURRENT TRENDS I,M FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION U5,°.DOR POPULATION STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PROVI CAGEU LAVE* PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS F4RM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNI TED-KINCOOM SLURRIES BUD COD DO ODOR COSTS SOUIPMENI SEw£RS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP HYDKOLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD DO RIVERS WATEK-OUAL I TY STREAM SEEK DATA IN FEEDLOT RbSEARCH KEYWORDS SOUTH-DAKOTA FEEOLOT DESIGN-CRITERIA BOD CATTL ODORLESS POHK PRODUCTION FROM CONCEPTION TO MARKET KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT WASTE-T PORK PRODUCES AND POLLUTION LEGAL ASPECTS KEYWORDS LAW LEGAL -PROCEDURE REGULATION LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK-PRODUCT I ON KEYWORDS NUI THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS SOME AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF DAIRY CATTLE MANUREKE YWOROS D COD CATTLE NITRO EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS KETWO RECOVERY UF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM HIGH QUALITY SURFACE WATtR KEYWORDS A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K MANURE CONSERVATION KEYWORDS POULTRY FERTILIZER POTASH AIR-CONDITIONING GROSS-PROFIT THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POT SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-CHENIC CHARACTER ZAT ION OF WASTE TREATMENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE KEYWORD FEED BIOCHEMICAL NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR CUSMOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPH ICAT ION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN THE EFFECTS OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS KEYWORD GROUNDWATER NUT MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE FERTILIZATION USING POULTRY LITTtR KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FOR CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY MANURE SLURRIES K DRYING POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR URYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY INHLTKATION RATES «NO GROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS, TEXAS HIGH PLAINS LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORD FEED-LOTS CATTLE RUNOFF HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEYWORDS ODOR WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN ulsPOML OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTl DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLAMEIESS MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOO COD CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION POULTRY DUST ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION KEYWORDS FARM WASTES POULTRY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SWINE BUD ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS PH BACTERIA ALKALINITY LABORATOR THE MICROS OLCCY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIA FARM-WASTES TOXIC TY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FEO HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS COR^EFORS BACTER U POULTRY DEEP LITTER KEYWORDS CORYN6FORM BACTERIA POULTRY LITTER PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL AND WOOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTERS KEYWORDS FEE IHf INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS KEYWORDS POULTRY Di THE IE«CH FOR NEW PALTRY LITTER MATERIALS-AN EXAMPLE Of COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION ON OF POULfRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS OOOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS SNO RtuSE OF BROILER LITTER KEYWORDS POULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT-G AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY LOSSES OF ENERGY AND NITROGEN ON DRYING POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS FREEiE-ORYING TEMPER AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODORS KEYWORDS S^MONELLA IN WASTES PRODUCED AT COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS KEYWORDS SALMONELLA- ISOLATION POLLUTION AND EUTROPH ICATI ON PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS sSttolELl* SPV »NO S£ROTmS OF ESCHERICHIA COL1 ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALWORM .CD PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALKONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS RODEN A SSJlD AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MUED CULT AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION GOVERNMENT-ACTION THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE-GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES MYING POULTRY MANURE NSJOe THE POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MANURE FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL- RANGELAND WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY DISPOSAL ODOR COSTS DRYING EQUlPNEN SSSuRE M^TES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS INSECT-CONTROL CATTLE POULTRY OV1 BOD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY GROWERS AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BOD PROBLEMS POULTRY GR pS?Y?2LORINATED BIPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORI NATED-HYDROCARBON-PESTIC IDES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK WASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS HASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS FACED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS- GASES AND ODORS fROM POULTRY MANURE A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY KEYWORDS LITERATURE IOEN BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN BEEP PITS KEYWORDS POULTRY BIOLOGICAL FLY PITS THFMFTAL COMPLEX ING CAPACITY AND THE NATURE UF THE CHELATING LIGANOS OF WATER EXTRACT CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODCRS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTR AERATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MAN.URE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE KE CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS USING SOLIO-STATt CONTROLS KEYWORD CONFI DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD UOOR WAST ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSI S IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE KEYWORDS EFFECT OF DURSBAN IN THE DRINKING WATER OF CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOD DURSBAN CHOLIN RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC 6IOCHENIC IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MILK MILK PRODUCTS CHIC PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTIC* TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANDLING OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SYSTE THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAYING HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW MANURt ON THE PIGMENTATION OF E SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWlN FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC" TOXICI TY FROM FEEDING OURSBAN 0-0 DUIHYL 0-3 5 6-TRICHLORO-2-P LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IM SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORD ANAEROBIC AEROBIC POULTRY COMF1 MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLUMRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DUCKS 800 CDLIFCRMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PL* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS OOOR PUULTRY WASTE-STORAGE OISPO WATER METABOLISM STUDIES MAY ASSIST WITH WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY OOOR CLAYS CO DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLOW-FURROW-COVER KEYWORDS COOR SLURRIES FURROWS FLIES L 148 image: ------- clIO 66 3136 200 66 0140 ^00 66 01M 20U 66 Ol'tZ 21/0 66 Jl'iJ 2;,i> 66 01-.4 2uJ 66 Ul<>5 ^uO 66 0147 ^00 66 0146 200 08 0724 2'J'l 68 1186 200 69 0163 200 69 0172 200 69 0173 2uO 69 0179 2uu 69 1)166 200 69 0189 iOO 69 0192 2CO 69 0197 2uU 69 0200 200 69 0203 200 69 051o 200 70 0215 200 70 0243 200 70 0321 200 70 0323 200 70 0670 200 70 0715 200 70 0716 200 70 0717 200 fO 071H 20U 70 0719 200 70 6720 200 71 0606 200 71 0617 200 71 0661 200 71 0762 200 71 0768 200 71 0783 200 71 0786 200 71 07BB 200 71 0793 200 71 0794 200 71 0797 200 71 0805 200 71 0814 200 71 0815 200 71 0817 200 71 0821 200 71 0824 200 71 0831 200 71 0835 200 71 0842 200 71 0846 200 71 0849 200 71 0860 300 1105 300 46 1209 300 69 0631 300 69 0634 300 69 0637 300 69 0638 300 69 1061 [300 70 0204 1300 70 0206 '300 70 0208 300 70 0210 300 70 0213 JOO 70 0384 300 70 12*7 JOO 70 1248 300 71 0671 300 1 0412 300 71 0477 300 71 0515 300 Tl 0621 300 71 06Z3 300 71 0*26 300 71 0628 3UO 71 0629 300 71 0630 300 71 0673 300 71 0674 300 71 0677 300 71 1098 300 71 1126 300 72 1052 300 72 1182 300 72 1264 400 65 0356 400 66 0088 400 68 0449 400 69 0419 400 70 0022 400 70 006 B 400 70 0091 400 70 0109 400 70 0111 400 70 0308 400 70 0415 POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY . f ™ I TU!? KEYWORD INDEX ON-SITE COMPORTING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS LITTERLIF6 F6CAL-MATERIAL HEAT-OF-COMP UEWAHRING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS OEWATERING VACUUM SEWASE SLUD REMOVAL Of MOISTURE FROM POULTRY HASTE 8Y ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 1 KEYWORDS DEWATERING E REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS PART 2 KEYWORDS DEWATERING E DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY INCINERATION KEYWORDS POULTRY MEAT-BALANCE SOLID-FUEL TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOO POU VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRIT1VE-VA CQPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH ROLE OF THE RENDERER- IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIOUIO MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFIN TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLURRIES BY AERATION SPECIFICATIONS FOR "UlPMNt. FOR LIOUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW-FURROW-COVER METHOD ™L?«P?UlI?.VANbRE "" """"ION °f *" AND FE DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS KEYWORDS FER CHANGES IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINUOUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO "ANyRE CONSERVATION *EYI' WL'tKY MANURE IN SOIL KEYWORDS SOIL-WATER LYSJMETER PLOW- MINIMU «b POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR 600 UK FERTILIZERS SLU .Ao,Er,CJ, „? rAN° POLI-*JTI°'*' POULTRY-PROCESSING KEYWORDS RENDERING-PLANT ODORS SEWAG AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIO.UIO-HANOL ING SHUD MOISTURE- ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APtftfACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC F«POUl-TIIV '"1I"JRE FROM CAGED LAYERS KEYWORDS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA SANITATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOO SEW SHNS PL*!M ' *EY«>R°S BOD POULTRY BACTERIA INDUSTRIAL-WASTE RO" ™E uSE <"= POULTRY LITTER CN PASTURES KEYWORDS FESCUE P PAStURt • FSRtllUATIOl* USING POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE- ENT KEt»ORI5S EUTKOPHICATION ODORS DRYING FIELD-SPREADING POULTRY "" PCUUr10N ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY ADMINISTRAT »« L KEY»OR°S POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO « E MANAaEM*NT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS OOOHS ECONOMICS DRYING RU SULWlr ?2? Inn,?EvYI"'ATJON °F >-IV"TOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY ?»f ,,? ,l?Lr,UL, RTnMATE ("IOBLEH ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY MTtrSr'nS «i«fl ?! OF MOOBUN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOCI CONTRm nt nnnfj «n!S»Sf £'VE LIVESTOCK »ND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODOR'S LEGAL-A AHMllh?A Se«J2??n 2? "ULTRY HOUSES KEYNtJRDS ODORS OUST POULTRY FILTERING-SYSTEM AM G»nwti «?«???! nr £T CO«ENTRATEO CHICKEN MANURE SLURRIES KEYWORDS NITROGEN NICROF S*?M u.ri ul J ° U E" BACfER1A I" SOLUTIONS OF POULTRY EXCRETA KEYWORDS -FEED MICRO * Ulte «"«>""« »'T« SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN K £"TES *EYN°RUS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS . KEYI*OROJ ODOR DRYING PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY °UI>m "ANURt "tY»°R°S FERTILIZERS NUTRIENTS POULTRY MARKET-VALU E.HB ««Th^QR ™f "*"""-"« AND TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE EFFECT nZSlre SI 2n ^l^l° *N° SOLID POUl-TR» «»NURE KEYWORDS 8IODEGRADATION N1TRIFIC IfRnSIr ^S*Ir«°n/2™L'TI*V "•"'URE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYW THE uir SJ SI?S»?5n °BiI*Y **NUKE K|YWORO AERATION AtROB 1C-COND1TIONS WAStE-ASSIMILAT JuflMT?v2 «2ii,2 ni ? ,?N°l f°* PCULTRY MOCESSIN6 WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDUSTRIAL-W oMtD AN?MVf *l£l i^'S"!^?*?0" F0fl "Tt" BYWORDS FARM-WASTES RECYCLING CATTLE POUL DEWA?F*?i? Lm 5Iv '"L* "9T£IN SUPPUMENT FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYCLING POULTRY NU SULF S2i »e??,^I?LM*nUR6 BY CENTRlfUGAtlON KEYWORD CENTRIFUGATtON DEwATERING POULTRY GRfL 2 «?r?mm l??in° TTH| *EGI SIR*T1 ON OF FEE01-tltS KSYWURDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- ? ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO * ° l>mlCUlATE MATTER FROM HIGH DENSITY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TM mc ,Tim«£5nE=cQnNI6RE° 'N * COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS Jii«n, i Sv ? ¥ ?VE °OORS KEYI*OR°S POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNOS AMMONIA HYOROGEN- 2nIR?kL?YCCHEMIC*L "EA™ENt BYWORDS POULTRY AMMONI A-HYDROGEN-SULFIOE C»RBON- 5m?MT t" "€DING ""RATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L SSi,,L,«ION P«OI««M.AMO SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET DOUR co Eu«?2UNi BY UD00" ""'C-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A cAcf? /"WORDS. POllTRY CATTLE HOGS MOISTURE-CONTENT NUTRIENTS DENSITY CO ««n i^^T!!?r?9ULT"V"l image: ------- 400 70 0577 400 71 02V) 400 71 0294 400 71 0295 400 71 0297 400 71 0309 400 71 0327 400 71 0329 4UU 71 0349 400 71 0350 4UO 71 0463 *00 71 0465 400 71 057} 400 72 1130 400 73 1073 500 71 12S4 (,00 68 0471 600 72 1031 6oO 72 1076 700 70 1046 100 69 0374 100 69 0373 300 69 0636 100 69 0363 100 69 0360 100 65 1079 100 68 0502 100 69 OOB1 100 69 0376 100 70 0110 100 71 0476 100 71 0572 2tO TO 0217 200 71 0609 400 68 0439 400 69 0485 100 64 0333 luO 70 0691 200 66 0153 3UO 72 1052 40U 70 0024 109 67 0901 100 70 0013 200 73 1093 100 71 0748 200 69 0170 300 70 0209 300 71 0624 300 71 0625 300 71 0627 100 68 0337 100 70 0047 200 69 0188 100 69 0071 100 66 1080 100 70 0042 200 70 0214 300 69 1180 600 69 1005 200 71 1252 300 71 105B 300 71 1106 100 71 1221 400 73 1191 300 71 1106 100 70 0013 1UO 68 0090 300 46 1208 600 72 1076 100 64 0333 100 66 0341 100 69 0265 200 70 0687 200 71 0274 600 72 1002 100 71 1232 100 70 0047 100 65 0067 200 66 0124 200 66 0150 200 69 0174 200 69 0203 200 69 0425 200 69 0561 200 69 0562 200 70 0237 200 70 0238 200 70 0245 200 71 0703 200 71 0783 300 70 0455 400 67 0359 400 71 0435 100 70 0585 100 71 0572 200 69 0188 200 49 0521 200 69 0529 200 69 0539 200 70 0239 POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY PCULIRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY POULTRY-CROPPING* POULTRY-DROPPINGS POULTRY-OUST POULTRY-HOUSES POULTRY-LAGOUN POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-LITTER POULTRY-MANURE POULTRY-MANURE POULTRY-MANURE POULTRY-MANURE POULTRY-MANURE POULTRY-MANURES POULTRY-MANURE-REM POULTRY-MANURE-SUP POULTRY-ODOR POULTRY-WASTE POULTRY-WASTE POULTRY-WASTE POULTRY-WASTE POULTRY-WASTE POULTRY-WASTE-DISP PRACTICES PRACTICES PRECIP PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION-ATMO PRECIPITATION-ATMO PRECIPITATION-ATMO PRECISION PRECONDITIONING PREOATION PREDATORS PREDICTION-EQUATIO PRESCRIPTIVE-RIGHT PRESSURE PRESSURE-BLOWER PREVENTION PREVENTION PR6-TREATMENT PRICING PRIMARY-ODOR-LIST PRIMATES PRINCIPLES PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS K6YHORU INDEX BLOCK DRYING OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS DRYING POULTRY MOISTURE CONTENT ODOR NITROGEN SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-UUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K MANURE MITES IN INTEGRATED FLY CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CALIFORNIA FLY-CONTROL OXIDATION LITCH IN CAGE LAYER HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY BOH N-IRELAND ODOR OX10ATION-D1 HRCODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSt EXHAUST ODORS KEYWORDS FILTERS OUST WATER-SPRAY CONTROL POUL RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL DRIED-POULTRY DISPOSAL OF HATCHEKY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT DISPOSAL HA MAU-MIXING FUR MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS POULTRY COMPOSTING MIXING DISPOSAL SCHEDULE MANURE REMOVAL TO AVOID FLY BREEDING KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA POULTRY ODORS FLY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS CHEMICAL POULTRY CHARACTERISTICS FEED ADDITIVE RESIDUES IN PUULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS ADDITIVE-RESIDUES POULTRY POULTRY WASTE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY HANDLING-SYSTEMS THE OPCCO PRYER KEYWORDS RECYCLING DRYING FERTILIZERS FARM-HASTES WASTE-TREATMENT NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS ACCELERATION OF NATURAL DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANICAL AGITATION KEYWORDS ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION UF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES POULTR AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC ARTHROPOD-PREDATORS OF IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL ARTHROPOD-PREDATORS Of IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY-DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CAL PARTICULATE MATTER KEYnORtS CIRCULATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHYFILTER-PADS POULTRY-DUST CIO (JDOR-TRANSPORT bY PART ICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROM THE BACTERIAL-POPULATION UF AN INDOOR POULTRY-LAGOON KEYWORDS E-COLI HOD MICROORGANISM UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTEK NITROGEN BY SHESP KEYWORDS MANURE-PRODUCTION BY BROILERS KEYWORDS PDULTRY-LITTER MOISTURE-CONTENT CRUDE-PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM POULTRY-LITTER IN BROILER-CHICKENS, SOIL, AND CROPS KEYWO EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METhCDS UF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FRCM POULTRY-LITTER AND ANIMAL-F ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENR1C THE MICROFLORA UF SOUTHERN CH10 POULTRY LITTEK KEYWORDS FUNGUS PH BACTERIA MOLD POULTR AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER 10 A POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTEK MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA REOULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER KEYWORDS DECOMPOSING ORGANIC POULTRY LITTEK AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE- AEKOBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRE THF EFFfcCT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS POULTRY MANUKE MARKETING KEYWORDS FtRHLUER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TU SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNUWATEH SYSTEMS KEYWORDS DRItD POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS DRYING NUTRITIONAL-VALUE INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY-CONTROL BY COMPOSTING POULTRY-MANURES KEYWORDS TEMPERATURE OEGRA INFLUENCE UF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS OIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED AN DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS THE ELIMINATION OF ODOR FRCM THE EFFLUENT GASES OF CHICKEN MANURE DRYING PLANT KEYWORD THE VALUE OF HVDROLYZEO AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORD THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY-WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS KEYWORDS DEHYDRATI FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AMINO-ACIDS NITR THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR FEEDLOT CATTLE KEYWORDS FEED-EFFECIENCY R A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-DISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOO N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANUKE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PREC I NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL HATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES CROUN STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TU SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOU COO FERTILIZERS CATTLE FEEULOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN FACILITY DESIGN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF W4TEK-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GKOUNOWATER SURFACE-MATERS DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOCD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYWORDS MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED AN WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS MATER-LEVEL PREDICT10N-E9UATIONS WEIRS GREEN V MCCLOUD ACTION TC ENJOIN SEWAGE FLOW KEYWORDS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO HIGH-TEMPEKATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYWORDS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRg AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN TH6 HEST-OF-SCOTLA PENICILLIN BY THE POUND KEYWORDS ANIMAL PATHOLOGY DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS DUE OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG ABATTOIR WASTEWATER KEYWORD OPERATING-COSTS EFF WHAT 00 WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR CUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODUR REGULA WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEULOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPI ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF HASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01 PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL (IF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS GROUNOWATEft NITRA WHO SHOULD REGULATE POULTRY CONFLICT PROBLEMS KEYWORDS TECHNOLOGY ODOR GOVT COMMUNICAT ANIMAL HASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT HASTES KEYWORDS RUN ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL f THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEYWORDS SLURRIES DISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEMENT FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT SCME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAN SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION KEYWORDS ODOR DRY ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BECOMES A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM KEYWORDS ODOR GASES LAGOONS RE WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH ODCR AEROBIC-BACTERIA ROTOR PROB THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO BOD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY GROWERS AND PROCESSORS KEYWORDS BOD PROBLEMS POULTRY GR AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO A PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS HATER-QUALITY PROBLEMS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS NITRATES BASE-FL INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL ACTION-PROGRAMS TO SOLVE ANIMAL-WASTE-OISPOSAL WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH-COUNTV KEYWORDS JON ING LAND-USE REGULATION HATER-POL FARM HASTES PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM KEYWORDS ODOR LEGIUATI 150 image: ------- 200 70 0243 200 70 0715 200 71 0599 200 71 0647 200 71 0765 3UO 70 0204 300 71 OS 11 1UO 70 0367 200 69 0430 200 69 0563 100 71 0682 100 71 0680 200 66 0153 200 69 0055 3UO 70 IOB4 200 66 01 IT 400 68 0101 200 69 0431 100 67 044B 200 66 011S 200 66 0119 200 66 0121 200 69 0055 200 71 0281 200 71 0807 300 70 0211 300 72 1157 1UO 64 1200 2UO 72 1152 300 70 11V2 400 69 1045 400 71 1139 400 72 1166 300 70 1192 400 68 0101 100 70 0047 ^00 69 0534 200 69 0546 200 64 0551 200 69 .1)552 200 69 095} 200 69 0555 200 69 0556 200 69 0557 200 69 0558 200 69 0566 200 71 0709 100 71 1213 200 71 0611 200 71 0614 300 1105 200 72 1027 300 69 1125 300 71 1055 100 64 0474 200 66 0115 200 66 0116 200 66 0121 200 70 0243 200 71 0831 300 71 0486 600 70 0080 100 65 1079 100 66 0422 100 71 0751 100 72 1222 200 66 0146 200 70 0716 200 71 0815 300 70 021J 300 71 0624 300 71 0625 300 71 0630 100 66 1080 100 70 0340 100 70 1037 100 71 1263 200 64 1241 200 66 0145 200 71 0785 200 71 0861 200 71 1096 200 72 1025 200 72 1030 200 72 1089 300 72 1070 300 72 1146. 400 71 0293 400 71 1134 400 71 1136 400 71 1172 600 72 1163 100 73 1088 200 71 0849 100 71 1213 200 64 1241 200 71 1099 500 71 1254 100 71 1213 200 66 0587 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROBLEMS PROCEDURE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE PROCESS PROCESSING PROCESSING PROCESSING PROCESSING PROCESSING-PLANTS PROCESSING-PLANT PROCESSING-PROBLEM PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY PROF I I PROFIT PROFITS PRUGKAM PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGKAM PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGRAMM1NG-LANGUA PROGKAMS PROGRAMS PROGRAMS PROGRAM-PLANNING-R PROJECTECl-LIVESTOC PROJECTS PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEIN-INTAKE PROTEIN-SUPPLEMENT PROTEUS-VULGARIS PROTOZOA PROTOZOA PROTOZOA PSEUOOMONAS PSEUOOMONAS KEYWORD INDEX MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL OUOR BOO UK FERTILIZERS SLU OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT, WASTE CONTROL, PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS LIQUID-WASTES INDUSTRI HOLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIHAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWO PUULTRY POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS EGGS DEHYDRATION FEED DIET ODOR CO ANIMAL WASTE REUSE NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW NITROGEN AND AMJNO AGIOS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND D CATTLE FEEOLOI WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIQ A RECOMKENOEO PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN AEKATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MANURE A STABILIZATION PROCESS OR ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE KE ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY ANO DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS TRANSPORTATION PROCES POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDOE OIL WATE DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY DUCKS BOO COLIFORMS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-FLA MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS ODOR ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION METHAN MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES ANO FLIES KEYWORDS FILTH-FLIES CONFINEMENT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM LIVESTUCK-WASTE KEYWORDS COPROLOGY BYPRODUCTS PRODUCTION QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTION COL1F THE EFFECT OF FEEDING UEHYDrtATEO-POULTRY-WASTE ON PRODUCTION, FEED-EFFICIENCY. BODY-WEI CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE PERFORMANCE OF HEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- ACKICULTUKtS CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION NU MOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEULOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUO RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE IMPLICATIONS OF WATER OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWOKDS CONTROL POLLUTION- MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORKS KEYWORUS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR PRINCIPLES ANO PRACTICES OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS DISEASES COSTS PROFITS NUTR COLUMBIA-COUNTY PROGRAM KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT OODR 2UNIN6 NITRATES PROGRAM THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA MINNESOTA FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION REGULAT STATUS.PLANS,! NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DA STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEDLCT POLLUTION CONTROL PRGGRAM-EXTEMPURANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS COLORADO S STATEMENT. STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION C DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATIONS LEGISLATION BEEF CATTLE FEEDLUT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUTION s A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- U S U A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS AOMINISTRATIVE-AGENC SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ANO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO RULE ANO REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- REGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS PROGRAM-PLAN*!NG-REV1EW ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK WASTES FARM-W ANNUAL REPORT UF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER PROPERTIES ANU PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWCROS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST PHYSICALt CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FARM WASTES BOVINE ANIMALS KEVWOR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING KEYWORDS PHYSICAL-PROP MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL DOOR BOD UK FERTILIZERS SLU EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KF.YW FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA DISEASES OXIDATION-01T FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL ANU WUOD SHAVING POULTRY LITTtRS KEYWORDS FEE ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA ROLE OF THE RENOERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE EC BIOOEGRADAT10N OF POULTRY MANURE FROM CAGED LAYERS KEYWOKOS ODOR POULTRY DRYING LARVA DRYING POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS ODOR URYINS PROTEIN POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS POULTRY ACCEPTABILITY ANO DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY ANO DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL- FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TC DAIRY COWS KEYWORDS CATTLE DRYING AM1NO-ACI05 N1TR THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERATURE TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE K A COMPILATION OF SOME SAMPLES OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE ANALYZED BY UR 't J BENNE KEYWO «J*?GE? "MPOUNOS "* NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO WITH CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORUS POULTRY CROP-RESPONSE NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORUS CHROMIC OXIDE ANO CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTRIC PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORUS RUMINANTS PROTCZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRIT1VE-VA A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FUR CATTLE WASTES KEYWORUS LIQUID-WASTES PHOSPHAT CONCENTRATION OF PROTE1NACEOUS SOLIDS FRUM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED LIQUOR KEYWORD RECYC ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWOKDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL RECOVERY UF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYwOROS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEEO-L A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SwlNE WASTES KEYWORDS «?i?n,DiIIr2f IME,BLU6-GR«N ALtAE ANU THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANUKE-OISPOS tnl?L°TcS*STE UIILI«° EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHE£P FEED-LOTS PHOT SODIUM EGG-SHELLS EFF-OUALITY EGG-PRODUCTION ALBUMEN SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH K ! ul« A«UT POLLOTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE bRuSH-CCNTROL FARM-WASTES RECYCLING PR n?T?OE?c0J CONflNe«NT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-WA 'J.'i1!!;?.'!" SOU"CE KE^0ROS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE r ! £.!^Ce °F PROT6IN BYWORDS BACTERIA PROTEINS AMINO-ACIOS NITROGEN « «JcE.!FFECT OF PROTEIN '"TAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION o DRIED ANIMAL HASTE AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORD RECYCLING POULTRY NU JuSS?nUIfS PROGRAM fOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI ?«r!!,£ONf!"N" °F SOCIETY FOR »"'•'« BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTER C- HYDROGEN SULF10I AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS KITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO 151 image: ------- 1. .' 7t 110" ICO 71 1213 KUH 72 1001 it,J 70 040? 1. . h& 1080 I. j 67 1213 «.'0 66 Oil a 2LJ 71 0656 :,.J 71 1093 100 40 1207 JOO 53 1206 l.u 67 124$ 360 69 1044 3uJ 69 11)60 HU ti't 1124 300 70 OS92 2wu 71 0664 300 69 1203 2uO 71 0795 iOO 70 0520 100 69 1198 400 68 0015 400 73 1168 luO 64 0474 100 6!> 0067 100 72 0746 200 71 0286 300 67 0711 6UO 12 1071 100 58 0560 2uO 66 0122 200 66 0123 2UO 71 0799 400 65 0332 200 71 0000 2oO 71 l')440 300 70 0491 200 71 0814 200 73 1082 200 73 1083 »UO 72 1171 200 70 0240 200 71 OB07 6UO 70 0469 600 72 1002 100 72 1222 300 71 0538 500 70 0*09 200 69 0198 200 69 0517 100 70 1217 100 72 1215 700 70 1256 100 66 0063 100 71 0303 300 71 1106 300 71 1126 300 71 1126 100 67 0104 300 68 1202 400 71 1139 100 69 1198 100 70 0372 100 70 1233 100 71 031B luO 73 1087 200 66 0120 200 68 0726 200 6« 0184 200 71 0709 200 71 0778 300 67 0701 300 68 0702 300 68 1202 300 73 1009 200 68 0434 200 66 1112 600 70 0255 200 69 0423 200 69 0428 200 69 0430 300 70 0010 300 72 10B5 600 70 0255 200 69 0182 200 69 0189 200 66 0144 200 69 0056 100 70 0458 300 68 0256 600 71 0271 100 70 0021 300 72 1052 600 T2 11T7 300 71 0466 300 69 0006 400 65 0485 100 64 0333 100 64 0072 PSEUL'uMU.US PSEU03"ON4S-4e«UGI "SYCHOCA-FLY-L4KVA PUaLlC-StENClES PUoLIC-HElLTH PUOLIC-H61LTH PUHLIC-HE4LTH PUbLIC-HESLTH PUBLlC-HESLfH PUBLIC-HEALTH PUrtLIC-HEALTH PUULIC-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH PUbLIC-HEALTH PUBLIC-HEALTH-AGEN PUttLIC-HEftLTH-ADMI PUBLIC-HEALTH-HAZA PUBLIC-RELATIONS PULP-WASTES PUMP PUNP PUMPIMG PUMPING PUMPING PUMPING PUMPING PUMPING PUMPS PUMPS PUMPS HUMPS PUMPS PUMP-TESTING PUNITIVE-DAMAGE; PYRAMIU-LAKE-MEV PYROLYSIS PYROLYSIS PYROLYSIS PYROLYSIS QUALITY QUALITY QUALITY . QUALITY QUALITY-CONTROL QUALITY-CONTROL QUALITY-LEVELS QUALITY-STANDARDS QUANT ITES QUATIC-8ACTERIA QUENCHING RACIOACTIVE-TKACER RADIOACTIVE , RADIOACTIVITY RADIOACTIVITY RAD10ACTIVJTY-EFFE KAD10ECOLOGY RAIN -.', RAIN RAIN RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL 1 RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL RAINFALL-CONTROL RAINFALL-INTENSITY RAINFALL-INTENSITY RAINFALL-RUNOFF RAINFALL-RUNOFF RAINFALL-RUNOFF RAINFALL-RUNOFF RAINFALL-RUNOFF-RE RAINFALL-RUNOFF RAINFALL-SIMULATOR RANKING 1 RAPPAHANNOCK-R IVER RATE RATES < RATES 1 RATES 1 RATES-OF-APPLICATI i RATES-OF-APPLICATI 1 RATES-CF-APPC.ICATI 1 RATE-OF-CONCENTRAT RATE-OF-FLOW ! RATE-OF-GAtN 1 RATIO ' RATION I KEYWORD INDEX FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-6IOLOGY A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING M1CROORGAN1SMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- INtLINEU-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM COMFINtME-lT-HEARING OF TURKEYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSVCHROMETRICS CONTROL LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N ulTROGCN COMPOUNDS IN NATUK4L WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN FUTURE WATER 3UALITY DEilCN KEYWORDS ViATER-OUAL ITY WATER-PUILUTION WATER-&UAL I TV-MANAGE HtHth ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLlC-HEALT 'CHLOK IKiATIUM dF WASTEWATER EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DISINFECTION WATER-TREATMENT PUBLIC-HE! SUMMER COlFERtNCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORD MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL FAIHES V UUPREE WATER POLLUTION FHUM ANIMAL WASTED KEYWWM, ARKANSAS HOGS ANIMAL-WASTES POLLUTION UK STREAMS KEYNCHOS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUT I0fl STKEAMS SOURCES AGRICULTURAL AND RELATtD WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS. WASH-01 SPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITRDSIN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SQIL-NI FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWCHDS NORTH-BAKU!A SOURCES WATER-POLLUT10N-CUNTROL EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTOKS OX MOVEMENT CF NITRATE N.n»,'U(,f.N IN SOIL PROFILES AND UN TRANS PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL HASTE UISPtJSAL KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS PUBLIC-HEALT ADVISORY 5ROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION KEYWORDS RE FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS' NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG AGRICULTURAL-WASTES IN AN URBAN-ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODOR LEGISLATION FUNDING RfcSEARC CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS CATTLS FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION KEYWORDS LAGOON PON.') FUR CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGATION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CMAKACTERISTICS OF HOG WASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS N 01APHRAGM-PUHP EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILl A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMP I RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY WASTES KEYWORD NITROGEN LAGOON PUMPING AEROBIC (JIOCHEM1C AGRICULTURAL-BENEFITS FROM URBAN POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMEN THE NITRATE HAZARD IN WELL WATER KEYWORDS WELL DATA FEED-LOTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL A COMPARISON UF, THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT ANO TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES IN HANDLING. UCUIO MATERIALS KEYWORDS PUMPS ENGINEERING LIQUID METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL KEYWORDS OOCR POULTRY WASTE-STORAGE D1SPO PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES 'KEYWORDS PUMPS SLURRIES CAPACITY EFFICIENCIES HANDLING SELEC AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS KEYWOKUS, IIQUIU-WASTES' PUMPS SLURRIES MODEL-STUDIES HOW HE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SF.MI-LICUIO AND MANURE KEYWORDS L LEGAL-ASPECTS PERTAINING TC ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK-PRODUCTION KEYWORDS NUI WATER-QUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN INLAND-SINKS KEYWORDS SALINITY EUTROPHICATION PYRAH1 PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS COSTS FOR LARGE iCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-HASTES WASTE-OISPO MOMFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FCR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS PLASTICS TILES WA'TER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYW'KDS L QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTIUN COLIF WHY DUES IT SMELL .50 BAD KEYWORDS ODOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOC FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS KEYWORDS DIGESTION FILTRATION ANALYTICA CHARACTERISTICS' OF WASTES FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF 8UALITY-CO ECONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS .WATER-QUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VS ENVIRONMENT*'. QUALITY - AN IMPASSE KEYWORDS ECONOMIC-EFFICIEN QUANTITIES ANO CHARACTERISTICS OF FA«M ANIMAL-WASTES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION POPULAT APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPMOKUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES S01L-CONTAMINHT SOIL POLLUTANTS THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS PESTICIDES SEWAGE DEGRADATION RAO METABOLIC FAFF, OF UBIQUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL MANAGING OUP. ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO SAVANNA* RIVER' ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN SAVANNAlH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTfU ENT-REOUIREMEN MOOELINC FEEDLOT RUNOFt- POLLUTION KEYWORDS COO DISCHARGE HYOROGRAPHS CONCENTRATION S OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF 1NSECTICI HOW WEATNEK AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-HITS FARM-WASTES ME CHEMICAL ANO DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOF-F FLOWARE KF.YWUKOS DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEtOLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SWIACE -DRAINAGE GRO LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WAT [ K-t'l'l I.UT ION-SOUR.C RUNOFFl SOLID WASTES, AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS UK) HOD DO SOIL-C ENRICHMENT -OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITH.OCEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE STOftMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FESDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAlNFA ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES TREATMENT OF HASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS-FI ELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONOIT BEEF CATTLE F6EDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RUN-OFF CATTLE WASTE-DILUI1CJN R LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGATIO WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOD COLIFORM FISHK BUFFALO LAKE PROJECT RANDALL COUNTY,TEXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA COLIFORHS OWENS V UNITED STATES LIABILITY OF UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECIICI STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE F6EDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CAULS fEEDLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINEME CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOUPCES SURFACE-RUNO EFFECTS OF MANURE-DEPTHS ON RUNOFF FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RAINFAL 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-O DESIGN FOR FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT - HISTORY AND CHAKACTERISTICS KEYWORDS RAINFALL-R CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER DUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOO PH SIMULATION LIQ THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL-DENSITY AND SURFACE-SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNOFF, SOLID-WAST CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLCT KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF MANURE-DEPTHS ON RUNOFF FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE-FEEDLQTS KEYWORDS RAINFAL CATTLE FEepLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLCGY KEYwnrfDS HYDROGKAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INIEN MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MAN'JRES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO TREATMENT OF DUCK HASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KEYWORDS USE OP SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD DISPOSA USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYwoi-r; FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENE GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS wlTrl UlFFUENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION, AERATION, AND SUIL PH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AN EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TC SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUNUWATtR SYSTEMS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL INFILTRATION RATES ANO GKOUNOWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DE POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS HAZARDS BLOAT EFFICIENCIES RATE- AEROBIC-DIGESTION, COMPOSTING OF POULTRY-MANURE KEYHORCS AERATION WINDROW-METHOD PRE A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES KEYWORDS WHEAT SORGUUM NIT 152 image: ------- 20'J 69 0183 2ou 73 1062 *00 /O 010-y 600 71 1075 200 69 0170 100 69 0071 100 69 03*1 tOO 72 10B9 100 70 1217 100 65 033*. 200 69 0191 lOu 71 1221 2oO 71 0616 2ou 71 O62'j Jou 3U 1205 3oU 4V 1210 <:00 70 02*2 *UO 71 0439 100 6S> 0311 ItJ 69 0058 200 66 0135 200 70 02*8 *oJ 70 0097 *00 73 11B1 200 68 12** 3oO TO 0668 ioa M 0571 100 72 1199 . ;j 72 1215 100 69 1231 100 70 0051 100 71 1212 200 69 0*26 SOU *9 1210 300 6« 0702 -,oO 70 0*06 3OO 6* 1110 2oO 69 1117 600 69 1004 30J 69 0093 200 68 0725 ?.o 71 0705 300 71 1238 200 71 08** *00 71 0327 300 71 1238 100 65 0366 100 65 1079 100 72 07*6 100 73 1086 100 73 118* 200 70 0325 200 71 0802 200 71 08*5 200 71 08*6 200 71 08*7 200 71 08*8 200 71 08*9 200 71 0850 200 71 0851 200 71 0652 200 71 0853 200 71 0358 200 71 0861 200 72 1011 200 72 1012 200 72 1021 200 72 102* 200 72 1025 200 72 1030 200 72 1089 200 73 1062 200 73 1062 200 73 1083 200 73 1093 300 70 106* 300 71 0623 300 71 0627 300 71 1081 300 72 1070 3UO 72 1182 *00 70 1132 *00 70 1133 *00 71 113* *00 71 1172 *00 72 1190 400 72 1171 400 73 1068 *00 73 11*S 400 73 1168 600 72 1031 600 72 1076 600 72 1163 2DO 69 0179 200 69 0193 700 69 0712 100 71 0261 100 71 1221 200 69 0553 300 70 0*75 HATIC.J RATION RATION RATION RATIUhS RATION-COMPOSITION HATS RATS REACREATION REACTIONS KEACTION-TEKPCHATU KFA&EMTS REAP REAP REASONAKLC-USE REASQNABLF-USt KEClrlCULATCO HCCIRCOL«T:D-UATER RECIRCOLATEO-WATER RECIRCULATEO-WATER RECIRCULATE3-WATER HECLAIMED-WATER RECLAMATION RECOVERY RECOVERY RECOVERY RECREATION RECREATION RECREATION RECREATION RELREATIOn RECREATION RECREATION RECREATIONAL-USE RECREATION-WASTES ECURRecENERA RECURRENCE-INTERVA KEYWORD INDEX THb EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS MKAINS THE VALUE OF HYDROLYZED AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS KEYWORD ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF .CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT JU2ECICrED r?E° SOURCE fM" AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASHES KEYWORD? TREATMENT APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WAfER flUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION CH-M,rM A^'r^c'^ "EACnONS FROM LAGOONS U«° F°R BATTLE KEYWORDS OXIo"""™ LHCKICAL ASPECTS OF ODOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOIL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIDE SOIL- SuI'^.^uiPfrV! MERCURY IN POOD PRODUCTS ANO BIOLOGICAL FLUluS BY AERATION I FLAMELESS THE LAKE MENDCTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPOR RtUJHMENUATIOMS UF NATIUIUL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS ADMIN ISTRATIVE-AGENCIE M^.o,RcV.UJ'tbLcl?JVNCTIC"< T0 PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING WATER BY CATILE KEYWORDS MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FUR POLLUTION UF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D MINIMIZING THf WASTF DISPOSAL PR03LEM IN VEGETAOLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERS FLUSHING AWAY MA.NUKF. PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RLCJRCULATEU WATER MJGS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHI DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SLPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS EFFICIENCIES RECIRCULATEO-W R»^E,^r-"A^T!!AIfc' image: ------- iuu 70 0324 200 71 0609 4UJ 73 1060 300 hi 1060 3uO tt 1203 300 71 1261 300 71 0515 4uj 71 1137 iuJ 70 0410 luO 68 0087 IUO 69 00-15 luj 70 10">1 2uCl 69 0181 200 69 0535 2iU 69 0540 200 69 0551 tQU 69 0552 ll)l> 69 0554 200 69 0555 200 69 0556 200 69 0559 2uO 69 0560 2UO 69 0563 200 70 1175 200 71 0595 200 71 0596 200 71 0598 200 71 0599 200 71 0600 200 71 0601 200 71 0609 200 71 0765 2uO 71 0819 200 71 1094 300 1105 3uO 67 1249 300 68 1202 300 69 1061 300 70 03113 300 70 1247 300 71 0301 300 71 0704 300 71 1246 400 70 1133 400 72 1166 600 72 1002 200 69 0557 2UO 69 0558 200 69 0566 200 71 0594 200 71 0597 200 71 0664 200 71 0709 300 71 0744 300 72 1157 4UO 70 0069 200 69 0933 200 71 0844 200 69 0203 200 72 1018 200 72 1018 300 69 0004 100 69 0060 300 30 1205 200 66 0150 400 73 1191 200 70 1050 300 30 1205 300 68 1202 300 68 1209 100 65 0263 200 66 0141 200 66 0142 200 69 0191 200 69 0192 200 69 0197 200 71 0658 200 71 0857 300 71 0099 200 69 0191 300 71 0745 400 71 0568 200 69 0520 200 70 0321 200 64 1241 200 66 0132 200 68 0724 300 69 0003 100 70 0368 200 69 0181 200 69 0432 200 69 0525 200 69 0326 200 69 0527 200 69 0548 200 69 0564 200 69 0565 200 70 0322 200 70 0323 200 71 060* KEFEEOING HEFEEUING RfcFEtOING KEFUSE REFUSE "*EGIONAL-PROOUCTIO REGISTRATION REGISTRATION REGISTRATION KElAeSSION-ANALYSI REGKESSION-AN&L REGRESSION-ANALYSI REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REuULATIUN REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATION REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS REGULATORY REGULATORY REGULATORY-MECHANI REGULATORY-WASTE-C REGULATORV-WASTE-C REINFORCED-CONCRET RELATION RELATIVE-RIGHTS RELOCATION RELOCATION REMEDIES REMEDIES REMEDIES REMEDIES REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL REMOVAL-MECHANISM RENDERING RENDERING RENDERING-PLANTS RENDERING-PLANT REPRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS REOUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH KEYWORD INDEX DISPOSAL OF SOLID AGRICULTURAL-HASTES - CONCEPTS ANO PRINCIPLES KEYWORDS RESEARCH-NEE REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AW POULTRY HASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION NEK FEEDLUT CONCEPT USES CONVERTED WANWIE AS FEED KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-OAKOT* SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL FOULING OF MATERS « MISDEMEANOR MY*0I»DS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THI •CITtce rflOINO SCITOOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECCNOM FECAL RESIDUES FROM LARVICI08S—PpCfl,TWY, AND tATTLE 'KEYWORDS PAThOCENlC-BACTERIA BORON REGISTRATION IS REOUlKEU AS GOVERNMENT HOVES fO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED ALLIANCE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGISTRATION INVENTORY WASTE-MA AEROBIC-DIGESTION OF CATTLE-WASTE KEYWORDS BOD COO VS FS AERATION LOADING-RATES REGRES blO-OXIDATlON OF SWINE-HASTE til THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STUDIES AN STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY ATO NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG FEEULOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE f (ft'ACTION' KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION G WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH-COUNTY KEYWORDS ZONING LAND-USE REGULATION WATER-POL INDUSTRY ANO THE ENVIRONMEINT-FEEOLCT HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION CATTLE ECOS MINNESOTA FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-STATUS REPORT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RESUIAT STATUS.PLANS,S NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DA MISSOURI S ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION POLLUTION-ABATEMENT AUMINISTRA STATUS REPORT-KANSAS FEEBLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM-EXTEMPORANEOUS REMARKS KEYWORDS STATUS REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEOLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA . KEYWORDS REGULATION RUN-OFF ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-SUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULAT A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVEIOPNK.'* WODEL FEEULOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN ANIWAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERM ITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEDLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDUJT, WASTE CONTROL, PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULA REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS CF ISttCUttURU *NWOUEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYHO ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF Et image: ------- 2uO 72 1026 3uJ 71 0621 2JJ 69 0549 >OJ 72 1012 2UO 70 0322 200 70 0320 2Ju 7U 0324 200 70 0326 3UO 70 0455 100 70 US* 100 70 1194 300 71 12*5 100 70 n<*4 3Uu 71 1126 100 69 0361 2UU 69 Ul-y5 5UO 70 0397 5UO 71 0511 100 70 lilt 100 69 0265 2UO 71 0277 200 71 0278 200 70 1050 UO 66 0479 600 69 1006 600 72 1074 20J 71 0650 200 71 0856 300 71 0412 200 69 0425 200 70 0755 400 73 1191 400 73 1007 200 73 1082 300 68 0256 400 71 1196 300 70 1192 Ilia 71 0461 100 68 0481 100 69 0035 100 70 0260 100 70 0678 100 70 0723 200 71 0608 200 71 0609 200 71 0651 300 71 0622 400 71 0753 200 70 0242 100 68 0337 100 68 0036 2UO 71 0617 300 70 0489 100 73 1155 400 73 11B1 100 63 1064 300 26 1204 300 26 1204 300 30 1205 200 70 0240 300 26 1204 300 46 1208 100 70 1194 100 71 1197 200 Tl 1099 300 110! 300 69 0093 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 300 71 1055 200 70 0236 300 71 1246 100 66 0341 100 66 10BO 100 70 0024 300 71 1126 200 69 0536 100 70 1194 200 71 0784 200 &9 0201 200 70 0227 600 72 1071 300 69 0006 400 6? 0359 100 60 0106 200 69 0177 200 69 017S 200 69 0179 200 70 0218 200 70 0728 600 70 0098 200 69 0166 300 68 0749 700 68 0330 100 70 11H 300 68 0741 100 55 0328 200 64 1241 100 73 1155 100 71 0273 RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH-ANO-UEVEL RESEARCH-AHD-DEVEL RESEARCH-FUNUS RESEAHCH-NEEUS RESEARCH-NEEDS RESEARCH-NEEDS RESEAHCH-NEEUS RESEARCH-POLICY RESEARCH-STRATEGY RESEKVOIR KESEKVOIRS RESERVOIRS RESIDUE RESIDUES RESIDUES RESIUUESREUSE RESINS RESISTANCE RESISTANCE RESOURCES RESOURCE-ALLOCATIO RESPIRATION KESPIRATION-RATE RESPUATORY-RATE RESPONSE RESPONSE RESPONSE RETENTION RETENTION RETENTION-POND RETENUON-POiMDS RETORT RETURNS RETURN-FLOW RETURN-MONETARY REUSE REUSt REUSE REUSE REUSE REUSE REUSE REUSE REUSE REUSE REUSE REVERSE-OSMOSIS REVIEW RE-USE RE-USE RE-USE RHAMNOSE RHODE-ISLAND RHOOIA-RP-9895 RIPARIAN-LAND RIPARIAN-RIGHT RIPARIAN-RISHTS RIPARIAN-WATER RIPARIAN-WATER RIPARIAN-WATER RIVERS RIVERS RIVERS RIVERS RIVEKS RIVERS RIVERS RIVERS RIVER-AUTHORITIES RIVER-BASINS RIVER-POLLUTION ROCKS RODENTS RODENTS ROLE ROOTED-AQUATIC-PL A ROTATION ROTATIONS ROTATIONS ROTATION-B10LOGICA ROTOR ROTOR ROTORS ROTORS ROTORS ROTORS ROTORS MOTORS ROTORS ROTOR-AERATION ROTOR-AERATION ROTOR-DESIGN RUBBER RULES RUMEN RUMEN RUMEN-L10UOR RUMEN-M1CROFIORA KEYWORD INDEX REGIOMAL ADMINISTRATORS SUKFARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES RESEARCH ?HE"'uNtIVERSmESN RR-ff'£AR1C«Rn?nTTS KEYWURDS °OOR NUTRIENTS DIET AIR-VENTILATION FEED IEGIUNAL f?vEi?nn< 2«TJ «M?c2I ?°tLUTIDN CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-A ei.S, 7»r rh C STE M4N*GEMeNT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS fcNVlRONME OSBECE .??^?^*?^''1..^?;"? L ERD ™ PN NLumvi: ujF nt n RE"°RT "7l KE™CRDS BORON NUTRIENT-REQU.REMEN NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIDUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AERDBlC-TRFATMf NT IOIIC 'N «OIM'« "'CROblAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEE™?"*"! E ?I »n« MTO?! CULTURAL WATER FROM CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND BANK WEEOS KEY«OR U$E NUTR'"VE-VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES A REVIEW pCUNnLS«r^?SCHLORI>'iTED-HYDROCARBON-|'ESIICIOES "oJ-CHAINS E ET R? KFvSn«n? R°L«;?JM*L "^OlOCV DISEASE RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS DISE THE uENcoF GRlSEDH^VE F 0 H - 3RQHTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY WASTES KEY^SS FERTU AN!MALFWAS?EI °FAS^0P^LTR? MANURE ON SOIL' ™>"t™< "o TOMMO K YWOR^S CROP FEE^OT SIIII ^ „ np?n. °tcvTiDN PROl!l-EM "YWOROS BCD COO HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF FEEOLOT WASTE IM FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL F^nJ? ?rEn,h?^r°N S°LVES "ANV PRMLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER KEYSo^S COS?! FHR ?«p? «?I,e*rnlT? T° LEARN ™EU MANURE ECONOMICS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ECONOM COSTS FDR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SQL ID-m<;TFS crisis '5 FER"^'"«° "LTs'cOMPOMl" RAT » R TURNs" III POLLUTIDN LAWS KFVyrun^ i crAt ACDCTTC on»,i,tinu no R '"" """" '"^™? Ke^f ON^O °m ? o - c KEV"ORDS "UULTRY PERFORMANCE MORTALITY WEIGHT'S 1** R°LE F0" ""'CULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE WASTE W *tJr*,r0* POSS1BLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD coo PH SEPTIC-TAN EN MANU"E UN°ER AER06IC ANO ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS *™ ENT KEYWORDS REUSE ODOR POLLUTION FUTURE MANAG FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS REUSE UTILIZATION $E FE", L UAT lON^UTR^irpHOSPHORUS NITROGEN AN° PUULIItr W»STES KEYWORDS REUSE REGULATION INGOON ^VWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-TREATMEN WASEi n HF IKEATMENT UF lllf ?4J?Pf GKUWTH or mclaa»ziNilH\ , ?HE FUTURE OF F^SAi^ FEEDING viLUE OF ?AT?l t KtbOING VALUE OF CATTLE I CUL ORY° ANIMAL WASTE WL I h EARLY E* o 'N o=DSfJ8ILITles " 8 M T KEY"°*°s BOO N Co 00 EV K p K MOISTURE-CONTENT INTESTINAL * OF SUMMER CQN RULE * ?BI° ENJQIN SEt"GE FLOVl KEy""*OS KENTUCKY DOMESTIC-WASTES WATER-PO Ar*RrH r°UCy °" EUTROPHI CAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION n« *S? ^LTURAL IMO "EYWORUS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT S CnSCiEIV c°R APf>LIEO "»CTER10LOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-PUL ASPEC nF «I^nREGi!IRATION DF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- W!T»! . u.cn! AST£ CONTROL KEYWORDS BOO DO RIVERS WATER-OUAL ITY STREAM wi «c I 2 c^MEAN°R KeYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL "»" " FOUL" c ""SpS.srs'ttirsissw^ ROLE OF EXCRETED CHLORTETRACYCLINt IN MODIFYING THE DKOwSsiuSS PMUUlH FEEOLOT WA image: ------- loo n 1034 2DO 64 1241 300 71 £098 iOO 71 1354 100 62 0292 1^0 06 0506 100 67 0079 100 67 0302 IOC 68 0090 loo 6H 1121 100 69 0071 luO 64 live 100 70 00*2 ICQ 70 0083 100 7U 0372 100 70 0417 100 70 0458 100 70 0738 100 7O 1194 luj 70 1195 100 71 0318 100 71 0444 10U li 0571 loJ 71 0573 100 71 0721 100 71 0722 100 71 0729 100 71 1030 100 71 1039 IOC 71 1228 100 72 1129 200 64 0759 200 66 0115 200 66 0120 200 66 0139 200 67 0734 200 67 1243 200 68 0434 200 68 0694 200 68 0726 200 66 11B6 200 69 0182 200 69 0183 200 69 0423 200 69 0424 200 69 0425 200 69 0426 200 69 0433 '200 69 05* 1 '200 69 0942 200 69 0943 200 69 0544 200 69 0949 200 69 0947 200 69 0948 200 69 0949 20U 69 0550 200 69 0556 200 69 0557 200 69 0560 20U 69 0961 200 69 0962 200 69 0563 20U 69 06T6 200 69 0708 200 69 1185 200 70 0054 200 70 0214 200 70 0224 200 70 0232 200 70 0240 200 70 0498 200 70 0670 200 70 0715 200 70 0727 200 70 07*7 200 71 0586 200 71 0596 200 71 0997 200 71 0602 200 71 0604 200 71 0605 200 71 0607 200 71 0610 200 71 0640 200 71 0646 2oO 71 0703 200 71 0733 200 71 0762 200 71 0770 200 71 0773 200 71 0773 200 71 0775 200 71 0778 200 71 0779 200 71 0789 200 71 0796 200 71 1095 200 71 123* 200 72 1010 RUMEN-SAMPLING KUMINANTS RUMINANTS RUMINANTS RUNOFF RUNOFF RU.lOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNUFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RU.VOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF RUNOFF KEYWORD INDEX TECHNIQUES FOK SAMPLING AND HANDLINS OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SVSTE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYHORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS KEYWORDS A9UATIC-PLANTS FISH PO ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYHORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHQTOS AGKICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF bOD DISEASE LAND DRAIN CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOD COD FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS DISTRIBUTION FERTILIZERS SALMONELLA INFANTIS IN CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS SALMONELLA INFANTIS FEEDLOT RUNO JILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS WEIRS WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEOLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI CHEMICAL AND OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARf OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FERTILIZER N P K NUTRIENT-LOSSES PREC BEEF-FEEOLOT OPERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LANO-DISPOSAL BE DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GRO ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER KEYWORDS RUNOFF FERTILIZERS SOURCES POLLUTANTS SO USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA MODELING FEEDLOT POLLUTION I ANALOG SIMULATION KEYWORDS KUNOFF MODELING FEEOLOT REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPH[CAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHlCATION AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO RUNJFF, SOLID WASTES, AND CITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEDLCTS KEYWORDS COO 600 DO SOIL-C PROLONGED SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION OF A RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RUNOFF WATERS KEYWORDS SA EFFECT UF METHOD OF MANURE HANDLING ON CROP YIELOSt NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES METHODS OF REMOVING SETTL6A8LE SCLIOS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM E8UIPMENT DESIGN KtYWURO FERTILIZER OOUR RUNOF THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS A DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORD ODOR WAST CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWCRDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLANO AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORD KANSAS 81OCHEMICAL-OXYGEN-DEMAND CHEMICA MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOO COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA CATTLE MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES KEYWORDS LAGOONS COO BOD ACT IVATEU-SLUDGE RUNOFF A CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLCTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS CONFINSME THE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL CF\ATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLU ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CATTLE FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES TECHNICAL AND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER DUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS HYDKOGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTEN THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE 2 NO COMPENDIUM Of ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT DESIGN-0 ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF-A MAJOR WATER QUALITY CHALLENGE KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOD POLLUTANT-lOE ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOO COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEECLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-8UAL EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF FEEOLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW KEYWORDS RUNOFF FISH-KILL IRRIGATION FARM LAGOONS ODOR C ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION-OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS RUNOFF GROUNDWATER FISH-KILL INDUSTRY S KOLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS CATTLE FISH-KILL KANSAS ECONOMI HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION MI HUW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO CONTROL DEVICES FDR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION WAS BF^FARfH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTtS FROM CATTLt FEEOLOT THE UNIVERSITIES ROLE IN F6EDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE RESEARCH-A JSw ™ GMN JuBUC SUPPORT KEYWORDS RUNOFF POLLUTION-ABATEMENT CATTLE 5T»TU« REPORT-NEBRASKA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGXAM KEYWORDS REGULATION RUNOFF A STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FRCM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-CUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEYWORDS RUNOFF CONFINEMENT-PENS REGULAT INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FRO* F6EULOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUN ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF CATTLE LEGISLATION CONFIN A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULATION KEYWORDS CATTLE RUN rHFMIfAL AND HICROBIAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEL/LOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF GR TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOO COD TEST-PR ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS HER6I POLLUTION POTENTIAL Of LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA KEYWORDS LAGOONS RELATIONSHrP OF AGRICULTLHE TO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS BOD COD FERHLIJERS HYDROLOGIC-STUOIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION-POTENTIAL OF FtEDLOTS IN EASTERN NEB CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATI WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS L WATER POLLUT ON CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION FORC EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS OE ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE F6EDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT OESIGN-CRITER CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND ALTERNATIVES FUR WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK-WASTES WATER SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEOLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL IPA STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANCMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT V STATUS OF UAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREATMENT ANU MANAGEMENT RESEARCH KEYWORDS OAIRY-INDUSTR CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GKOUNDWATER-FERTILITY SOIL- SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEME WATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER KEYWORDS RUNCFF COSTS PESTICIDES GOVERNMENT-FINANCE CO HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS TREATMENT OXIDATION-LAGOONS DISPOSAL DRYING SEPARAT FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOIL-EROSION RUNO FEEDLOT HASTE MANAGEMENT SCME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS i MOISTURE-CONTENT SAM ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FCR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS KEYWORD \ RUNOFF SOLID-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS ECONOMICS DRYING RU LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION PLAN KEYWORDS GOVERNMENTS GROUNUWATER MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS FEED MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF CARRIED WASTE FROM COMMERCIAL FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS FfeO TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY. LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAGOON RAINFALL CORN IRRIGAUO EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTi-TRE ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL UUALITY STANDARDS FOR ArtlMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANI FRCM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION 6Y USE 0 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY KEYWORDS SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY CF A PUND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES image: ------- KEYWORD INOFX ™ t i ' S 2 ' s 5 JJU'6» 3 5 I "ti l ss is SB UJOO is l ss: ~i 23 RUNUFP SS I ! : DISPOSAL ^ !! iuj'Vl ail il *0fr 69 *UO Tl SSJ 075V - ii l 104* 0731 S5SJ 'HU' Off Si I RUNOFF HUNUFF ^ F : ' ?^ [ E "F '^ ? r S :2 S h S2UL.S":5S^ 'ESS! ' *i'SR "^LUT ION CONTROL KETKORO FEEB-IBTS CATTLE RUNOFF ff/K =S» ™H=™=i «K CUlT^tS CwJil^utrON tl ?« «»tfl SSKJn^T"5 "*""* "»TER-00»UTY-AU DAMS RUNO OlS^OSlitt OF iNIM.t NASTIS KByEnJnS k«JT'!?*2E r*^L L*KE K€yi<0«0S EUTROPHICAT ICJN NU s :s tts. Joo TO JS5S 3U070103* ss ?! us: ,; - ; r » .s 1656 SJSJ SALINITY s:t!S!« UNSEEN FOE )00 71 400 73 100 64 100 6* 100 67 100 67 109 69 100 69 100 70 100 TO 100 70 100 71 100 TI 100 71 1100 1181 034) 0349 0302 0376 0714 0026 0094 1217 0451 0)7J 1212 SALMON SALMON SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA .SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA ^BSs^K^^^^^---^ 'WL °f fEELLOT 'LAGOON WATER UN iCJE PHYSICAL AMD CI4EM1CAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS. KEYHO nniTr^ii. . ?? '""POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO 1 ^, .,??v.rt"5 'N MI-AHOW. KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA KATER-POLLUTION-SOURC .L POLLUTANTS. ON .ALB U58S . K6YKOKDS bUO COO DISPOSAL IRRIGATION L ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS MAIER SALIN ODr-iii cut ik '!» " "~AI6 CONTENT ANU TKENOS BENEATH URBAN AND AG rKLBLcMS IM AR 10 .REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES1 ViATER-^UAL 1 TY SO APPLICATION ON SELECTED SCIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES KEYU i UBCANic MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA I INLAND-SINKS KEYWORDS SALINITY EUTROPHICATION PYRAMI IE WAK OM ("OLLUTIOM KEYHORiiS AGRICULTURE! WATEK-PDLLUTIO 17 tNVIKijNM£\T AGRICULTURE WATEK-POLLUTION-CO 1 *"LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPfeCTS POLLUTlON-AB PPLIC4TIONS KEYHDHDS APPLICATION-METHODS KEYHDHDS FiRM-nAstEs KASTE-OISPOSAL CATIL IE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROi MERCLfRY NEUTRO HECIKCULATEu-hATEK SALMON RHODE-ISLAND ••"-"-•' MUD A,' image: ------- 100 71 1213 100 73 1164 200 66 0144 200 71 06*1 200 71 0795 200 71 0625 300 70 1104 400 67 0336 100 70 0110 100 70 0024 100 71 04*4 100 69 0736 100 71 1213 200 66 0118 400 66 0354 100 70 1051 110 70 1237 300 1077 400 70 0109 300 70 0491 200 69 0431 200 70 0217 200 71 0830 300 68 0256 300 71 1107 400 73 116$ 600 73 106! 300 70 0490 300 70 1036 100 68 0090 100 69 1079 100 72 1097 100 71 0441 100 71 1221 100 72 1215 100 65 0075 100 69 0375 100 69 0690 •100 70 0013 100 71 04B4 100 71 0722 100 71 1212 100 71 1232 100 73 1087 200 71 0703 200 71 0832 300 71 0697 300 71 1057 700 70 1066 700 70 1109 100 72 1224 700 72 1048 700 70 1256 200 64 1240 100 60 0059 200 66 0127 ,1BO 70 1237 600 69 1239 100 71 1213 700 70 1256 200 71 080$ 700 69 1067 700 70 1256 SCO 65 0053 200 71 0858 200 69 0531 200 71 0282 200 71 0611 200 71 0615 200 71 0616 400 68 0038 400 68 0229 100 70 0089 100 71 0567 600 72 1148 300 Tl 1100 100 68 0011 300 69 0003 300 72 1070 100 68 0381 100 70 1195 200 69 0423 200 69 0432 100 72 1260 400 68 0224 500 70 0388 200 66 0134 200 66 0135 200 69 0433 200 71 0282 2M Tl OSS9 S71 1095 70 1036 71 1008 WO TO 1109 §*t 0168 TO OM9 44, 1100 tt 1121 -*B im SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLA SALMONELLAE SALMONELLAI SALMONELLA-CONTAMI SALMONELLA-ISOLATI SALMONELLA-TYPHOSA SALMONELLOSIS SALMONELLOSIS SALMONIDS SALMON! CIS SALT SALT 3ALTON-SEA-CAL SALTS SALTS SALTS SALTS SALTS SALTS SALTS SALT-BALANCE SALT-TOLERANCE SAMPLER SAMPLES SAMPLES SAMPLE-PREPARATION SAMPLE-PREPARATION SAMPLE-PREPARATION SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SANDS SANDS SANDY-LOAM-LANO-DI SANITARY-ENGINEER! SANITATION SANITATION SAN-JOAQUIN-RIVER- SAN-JOAOUIN-VALLEY SARCINA-LUTEA SATURATED-SOILS SAWDUST SCHEOULING-MOOEL SC1NTILLATOR SCRAPERS SCREENS SCS SCS SCS SCS SCS SCS SCS SEA SEAGULL SEALING SEALS-ANIMALS SEARCH SEASON SEASONAL-GROWTH SECONDARY-DITCH SEDIMENT SEDIMENT SEDIMENT SEDIMENT SEDIMENT SEDIMENT SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTATION-TANK SEOIMENTCHALLAN6ES SEDIMENTS SEDIMENTS MOIMfMTS KEYWORD INDEX A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES AND EGGS FOLLOMIN TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS 800 POO BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS 8ACTERI ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAG MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEN-DEMAND SAL FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGV DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT KEYWORDS SALMONELLA SLURRIES DISEASE-HAZARD ANTHRAX ENGLAND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRIC PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM KEYWORDS INVESTIGATIONS ANIMALS ROOEN PROLONGED SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION OF A RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RUNOFF WATERS KEYWORDS SA SALMONELLA IN WASTES PRODUCED AT COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS KEYWORDS SALMONELLA-ISOLATION A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IIENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT SALMONELLOSIS IN CATTLE KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA CARRIERS ENGLAND CLINICAL-SIGNS POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUK POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LANO TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWOROS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS WATER-QUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN INLAND-SINKS PtETHDRDS SALINITY EUTRUPHICATION FTRANI MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWOROS EROSION POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA FATE OF INORGANIC FORMS OF N AND SALT FROM LAND-DISPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES KEYWORDS USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SALTS COMPOSTING RATES RETURNS BENE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWOROS AGRICULTURAL-C CALIFORNIA HASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST KEYWORDS IRRIGA1ION-STORAGE-PONDS LEACHING EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS SALINITY-CONTROL IN RETURN-FLOW FROM IRRIGATED AREAS A DEMONSTRATION-PROJECT KEYWOROS AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWOROS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS WEIRS UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWOROS NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS METHODS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF CHROMIC OXIDE IN BOVINE FEC DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE HOG-WASTE-01SPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS ODOR BOD COO E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA RURAL-RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWOROS WATER-QUALITY SOU-EROSION COLIF AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE-REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIPTERA LARVAE AND SELECTED AN RELATIONSHIPS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS A EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TREA ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT SAN GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION SA ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER MSI WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYOR06* AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LANO DRAINAGE WATER SPRINKLER APPL CATION OF ANAEROB1CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COL1FORM GRCUP KEYWOROS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSUN CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADING POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWOROS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWOROS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT HIGH RATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING WITH SAWDUST KEYWORDS AEROBIC-TREATMENT COMPOSTIN ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES ODOR W MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWOROS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF DAIRY CATTLE MANU TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM THE SOIL-CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS SCS SURFAC SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWOROS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED USD A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS KEYWORDS ADHIN1STRATIVE-ACENC FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OFIRRIGATION SYSTEMS KEYWORD THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PROJECT KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIES GOVERNMENT-SUPPO* PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-OUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNO THE FARM ROLE IN WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS WAtfR-POLLUTIO TREATMENT, USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS AERATION ODOR BACTERIAL ANO FUNGAL FLORA OF SEAGULL DROPPINGS IN JERSEY KEYWOROS BACTERIAL FLORA SEA DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS GROUNOWATER-POLLUTION FARM-HASTES I DETERMINATION ON MERCURY' IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO THE SEARCH FOR NEW POULTRY LITTER MATERIALS-AN EXAMPLE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN EXTENSION CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE REQUIREMEnTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA PERIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS WASTES FROM PIG-PRODUCTION UNITS KEYWORDS OXIDATION-DITCH EFFLUENT BOO LININGS SECOND AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESIGN-0 AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS LEGISLATION SEDIMENT CHEMICALS LI NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWOROS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ THE FARM ROLE IN WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWOROS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS HATER-FOLLUTIO CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN WATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS HATER-POLLUTION CLAYS ORC OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYH TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON HATER QUALITY KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION NUTRIENTS RUNOF SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWOROS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED THE SEPARATION OF SOLID ANO LIQUID PARTS OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SEDIMEN BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYWOROS AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWOROS FARM-HASTES HOGS A AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR LON AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWOROS WATER SALIN PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLAOOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITC HATER POLLUTION FROM LANO RUNOFF KEYWOROS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS CHEMICAL ANO DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS 158 image: ------- 300 69 110) 300 71 1100 300 71 1106 500 71 125* 700 72 10*9 300 70 1036 *Uil 71 1196 300 68 1043 JOO 71 UB04 500 70 0387 1UO 70 1217 100 71 0*84 1UO 68 1121 SuO 70 0389 100 72 1224 200 71 1252 300 <»6 1207 600 72 1156 100 73 1164 200 66 0123 100 69 0714 200 71 0640 100 70 0270 300 71 1100 iOO 71 0859 100 65 0331 10U 69 0035 200 71 0665 100 65 0075 100 65 0366 200 66 0128 200 66 0131 200 69 1117 JUO 68 0352 300 71 0*57 100 6* 1200 100 71 1213 100 71 1213 100 69 1198 1*0 70 1237 20U 71 0640 100 71 0573 200 71 0703 200 71 0803 300 69 0739 300 71 0700 200 71 0666 300 67 1253 400 71 117* *00 72 1179 100 69 0035 100 6* 0345 100 66 0063 100 70 1037 200 66 0140 200 70 0241 200 70 0321 200 71 0811 200 71 1099 300 S3 1206 300 69 1103 300 72 10TO 500 70 0390 500 71 1072 700 70 1046 100 TO 1217 200 TO 1053 200 Tl 0857 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 *00 66 0033 700 71 '1120 700 70 1046 100 Tl 0722 100 T2 1193 300 46 1208 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 400 67 1226 100 62 1220 600 72 1148 300 46 1208 300 TO 1084 300 Tl 1081 600 72 1163 100 68 1229 100 70 1230 200 Tl 0286 200 72 1054 300 67 1253 300 71 1058 300 71 1098 400 70 1176 200 70 0717 100 71 121* 200 66 0131 200 70 0236 300 69 0002 600 70 0080 600 70 0080 SEDIMENTS SEDIMENTS SEDIMENTS SEDIMENTS SEDIMENTS SEDIMENT-CONTROL SEDIMENT-DISCHARGE SEDIMENT-LOAD SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT SEUIMENT-WATER-INT SEDIMENT-WATEH-INT SEDIMENT-YIELD SEDIMENT-YIELD SEEPAGE SEEPAGE SEEPAGE SEEPAGE SEFTENBERG SELECTION-CRITERIA SELENITE SEPARATION SEPARAT10N-TECHNIO SEPAHATIUN-TECHN1Q SEPERATICN SEPTIC-TA.NK SEPTIC-TANK SEPTIC-TANK SEPTIC-TANKS SEPTIC-TANKS SEPTIC-TANKS SEPTIC-TANKS SEPTIC-TANKS SEPTIC-TANKS SEPTIC-TANKS SERGENTIA SEKRATIA SERRATIA-MARCESENS SESTON SETTLEABLE-SOLIUS SETTLING SETTLING-BASIN SETTLING-BASIN SETTLING-bASIN SETTLING-BASIN SETTLING-HASIN SETTLING-BASINS SETILING-BASINS SETTLING-BASINS SETTLING-BASINS SETTLING-TANK SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE SEWAGE-ASSESSMENTS SEWAGE-BACTERIA SEWAGE-BACTERIA SEWAGE-DISPOSAL 'SEWAGE-DISPOSAL SEWAGE-DISPOSAL SEWAGE-DISPOSAL SEWAGE-DISPOSAL SEWAGE-DISTRICTS SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS SEWAGE-EFFLUENTS SEWAGE-LAGOONS SEWAGE-PONDS SEWAGE-SLUDGE SEWAGE-SLUDGE SEWAGE-SLUDGE SEWAGE-SLUDGE-TREA SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWAGE-TREATMENT SEWER SEWERS SEWERS SEWERS SHAPE SHEAR-DIAGRAMS SHEAR-STRENGTH KEYWORD INDEX WATER POLLUTION PROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEotilSrl LAND AND WATER-MANAGEMENT FOR MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWoSoS SOIL-EROSIoS SEDtMtNT^IlJo THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PARTS Of PIG SLURRY KEYw2Jo !»SeN DISPOSAL Of DAIRY-MANURE KEYWORDS SEPTIC-TANK AESTHETICS £FFICIENc!eJ TREATMENT OF btEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS lol MO PH «mc-™ WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS e»TTLg SOIL-DISPOSAL-MELDS SEPUC-T HOG-WASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOON1NG KEYWORDS ODOR BOO COD E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA L13UIO HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE ODOR DISPOSAL DSS1GN-CR ITfilABttY? MACERATION FOX DISPOSAL OF DEAD POULTRY KEYWORDS 0?SPOSAL iSjoONS SEPTlc-llNKl |S£lPM DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SQI WATER POLLUTION BY NUTkl ENTS--SOLRCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL P»PMS PRKENTEO !? ?SiS wSi DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SHINE FEEDING FLOORS TO M1NJM ZE STREW POUUUM {JrioROS Si DISPOSAL OF LIUUIO WASTES FROM PARLCRS AND MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AERDB C TREATMENT SPR! PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCEKAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE UNTOGENV Of IS?H!A??? A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICRoBxGANJ SMS KEYW^Rcl wIwCMle-MeTMU ENTERIC- A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGEN C-8ACTER A INTER C- CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES DF PALOUSE KlvER IDAHO RUNCFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS ENTI"IC POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALKONIO FISH HATCHERIES £"^2$ S^RM? Mln-HA^RIES SALMON «?MODfofIMN>SSl!Sr''StJT,P.>£;r!?0!SS TRE*»*NT OXIDATIONS D limit DRY?N§ S E"M™ METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEA8LE SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR 8EEF CATTLE FEtDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS " " ' MANREMANAKEnnn MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A TOO HEAD SHINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES U5IN5 RENDWATE SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STAb LI2ATION POND KEYWORD SETTL1NG- PeRFBJSANCE4DFTEnuCKSPSAS^f^?»";DE2 ?C^UT10N "NTROL KEYwOW F^-LD^^TLE^UNOFF PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES KEYWORDS OUCK OXIDATION-LAGOONS S WATER 8UALITY CHANGFS IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-TREATM LIQUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TC ANOTM6R KEYWORDS AQUIFER df TLE FA^WASTES JfiEO-L THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTE WASTE-0 SPOSALFEEO-LOTS SETT TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FO* POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD CDOPH SEPTIC TAN BOVINE-SALMONELIOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK-MATER AND SSSA^EfcMSi K«2 POUU,oOFR.S ,Yn«, KY,DsKROOR POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC P6RIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT UN THE EFFICIENCY OF HMNAS,AL».r1;S ""oSNlNTSllIHOMEI.Gws HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEWAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE ANO APPROPRIATE MUN C APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY «Y*S«OS »MC BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER OUALITY ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL P§LLUT?" NITROGEN REMOVAL fROM SEWAGK WATEKS BY PLANTS ANO SOIL KEYWORD FARM-W FOULING OF »ATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-OAKOTA SOURCES " FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KtYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA stis s^ KISS : siisissas si?sas! = : t " PHOSPHORUS t WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORUS GKOUNDWATER «ATER-P WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS w DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF SEALING KEYWORDS 6ROu5oS2?CR- GREEN V MCCLDUD ACTION TO ENJOIN SEWAGE FLUU KEYWORDS KENTUCKY CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING lEMPtRAToRE SEWAGE 5 «?mu3GS?uSGElAs"!$SUURC^^Lp2fTHO(U>S RE"YC''i: ^ «w:GE-"uSGESF:RAB"^AGR c U 159 image: ------- 200 66 0127 100 6* 1200 100 65 1911 100 69 004! 1UO 69 0693 100 72 1215 100 73 ioae too 73 11S5 LOU 73 1190 200 64 1240 iGO 66 0145 200 66 0147 200 69 1116 200 71 U796 200 71 0651 200 72 1024 200 Y3 1093 JOO 67 1249 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 300 70 0213 300 70 0384 300 70 1248 3uO 71 0677 300 72 1146 400 71 0504 10U 70 0020 400 71 U39 600 72 1154 100 71 1212 200 71 0641 JOO 70 1104 100 63 007! 600 73 1075 200 70 0323 100 64 1200 200 71 0859 600 73 1075 LOO 66 0341 100 6B 0077 100 69 0108 200 66 0146 200 68 072S 200 71 0>06 200 73 1189 100 65 1219 500 70 0408 100 TO 1031 100 73 1069 200 69 0518 200 69 0430 200 Tl 0705 100 62 0499 300 72 1003 600 72 1262 100 69 0040 300 69 0002 300 69 0003 300 71 1261 100 69 0308 600 72 1130 100 69 0033 200 69 0178 1UO 65 0344 200 66 0125 200 69 0188 200 70 0114 200 70 0246 300 53 1206 600 72 1071 100 69 0071 100 69 0353 100 70 0012 200 66 0133 200 68 0760 tOO 70 0306 200 TO 1159 200 72 1152 300 70 1000 ICO 63 0263 100 65 0366 100 68 0106 100 68 0306 100 68 1229 100 69 0333 100 70 0112 1UO 70 0369 100 71 0261 200 66 0135 200 66 0137 200 66 0140 200 70 0243 200 70 0252 200 70 0253 200 71 0803 300 69 0002 300 69 0006 3UO 70 0206 300 70 04T5 500 68 1239 SHEUS SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHfcEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHEEP SHELF-LIFE SHELL-EGGS SHELTER SHELTERS SHIGELLA SHIGELLA SHIGELLA SHOCK-LOADING SHRINKAGE SHUD SIOIOAE SIEVE-ANALYSIS SIEVE-ANALYSIS SILAGE SILAGE SILAGE SILAGE SILAGE SILAGE SILAGE SILAGE-GAS SILTING SILTS SILTS SILT-LOAM-SOIL SIMULATION SIMULATION-ANALYSI SITE-SELECTION SITE-SELECTION SITE-SELECTION SIZE SIZE SIZE SIZE SKATOLE SLATTEO-ALL6YS SLATTEO-FLOOR SLATTEO-FLOOR SLATTED-FLOORS SLATTED-FLOORS SLATTEO-FLOORS SLATTEO-FLOORS SLATTEO-FLOORS SLAUGHTER-HOUSES SLIME SLOPE SLOTTEO-FLOOR SLOTTED-FLOOR SLOTTEO-FLOOR SLOTTEO-FLOOR SLOTTEO-FLOOR SLOTTED-FLOORS SLOTTEO-FLOORS SLOTTED-FLOORS SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLU06E SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE SLUDGE KEYWORD INDEX CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AMU DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE NEST COAST KEYWORDS CATTLE LOADINO PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERIN AND MIOCE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS CF POULTRY LITTER NITROGEN BY SHEEP KEYWORDS THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY of CELLULOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES KEYWORDS INCUBATION BRA IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EKE K AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES HE ObSERVATIGNS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0 THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCIN IN THE CASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP KEYWORDS NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCU1M PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESUIM IN SHEEP KEY THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORNS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-f VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEEO FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS SHEEP CATTLE FEEDS NUTRITIVE-VA COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADS DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE 0 NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CATTLE WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-INOUCEO PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK OEHYORATEO POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SHEEP KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS FOULING OF HATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NOKTH-OAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY AND DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP KEYWORDS ANIMAL- THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS UATER-PO LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEEDING INDUSTRY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES F-EEOLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SHEEP FEED-LOTS PHOT COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SHELF-LIFE FERTILIZERS E8UIPMENT COST OEH EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON QUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS OU HOW WEATHER AFFECTS FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE KEYWORDS MUD RAIN WIND FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WE WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES L EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS 6ACTERIDLOGICAl IN BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE KED RIVER-SUMMER 1970 KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BACTERI FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGY HOG-WASTE-DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS ODOR BOD COD E-COLI SAMPLING SEPTIC-TANKS ALGA THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR LIQUID-HANDLING SHUD MOISTURE- PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PARTS OF PIG SLURRY KEYWORD SIEVE-ANALYSIS SEDIMEN THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER-POLIUTION. AS EXPERIENCED IN THE WEST-OF-SCOTlA FARM-WASTE-DISPOSAL IN RELATION TO CATTLE KEYWORDS SILAGE EFFLUENTS SLURRIES IRRICATI EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MAM POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS THROUGH THE USE OF MANURE AS FEED KEYWORDS SILAC COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC-BACTERIA CATTLE HAY SILAGE GRAIN ODORS C A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS f NITRATES IN THE ENVIROMENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE BIOSPHERE FERTILIZATION NITROG LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES * POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIOS SOUR MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS HEALTH-PROBLEMS KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS ENTEROCOCCI ADSORPTION SILT-LOAM-SOIL HEA CATTLE FE60LOT WATER OUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF BOD PH SIMULATION LIQ A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF BEEF ANIMALS-A REALITY WITH POTENTIAL KEYWORDS MATHEMAT1 MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS FARM-LAGOONS DESIGN-CRITERIA SI CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION WA CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF HASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE HASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPE DIPT CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE REOUIREMENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOM AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTESiDETERMI NATION OF MALOOOHS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND 0 OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE KEYWORDS BOD COO PH SEPTIC-TAN STUDY OF THE USE OF THE OXIDATION DITCH TO STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COLD CL1MT THE COLLECTION OF MANURE FROM HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLATTEO-FLOORS OX SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CONFINEMENT SLATTED-FldORS PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SCME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS SWINE MANURE - LIABILITY OR ASSET KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO BUILDING DESIGN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOD COD ODORS EOUIPMENT t CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SWINE FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL K AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS SLOTTEO-FLOOR AERATION BOO COO COLLECTION P HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTATING SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT DEEP P.IT SLAT-FIOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES SLQTTED-FLOOR VENTILA METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS LA PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED »Y CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE LIQUID HANDLING Of POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE OOCR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC OXIDATION DITCHES FOR HASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HOGS bOO ROTORS FOAMING SLUDGE ODOR OXY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES KEYWORDS DIGESTION SLUDGE DISPOSAL AMMONIUM ALKALINE BUIL ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING PARLOR WASTES KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS OXIDATION-DITCH TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SLURRIES BOO COO ODORS EQUIPMENT I CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWlNE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS,TEMPERATURE SLUO ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES DAIRY BULL. SHINE,AND POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUD TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOD LABORATORY TC PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOO DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS OEWATtRING VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS DISPOSAL ODOR BOD UK FERTILIZERS SLU ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE SLURRIES DESIGN-DATA METH TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SUE LOCATION SHAPE DEPT SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS DC POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS KEYWORDS IRRIGATI WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STABILIZATIO 1ft) image: ------- 100 63 0338 200 71 0812 500 68 1259 300 67 1253 500 68 1259 200 71 109-5 200 66 0120 100 6* 0371 100 65 0067 100 68 0077 100 69 0353 100 70 0085 100 70 0089 100 TO 0112 100 71 0266 100 71 1214 200 66 0115 200 66 0123 200 66 0126 2uO 66 0130 200 68 1187 200 69 0163 200 69 0172 2OO 69 0706 200 70 0234 200 70 0237 200 70 0238 200 70 0244 200 70 0245 200 70 0247 200 70 0248 200 70 0250 200 70 0291 200 70 0252 200 70 0253 200 71 0794 200 71 0799 2UO 71 0801 4OO 64 0335 400 67 0336 AGO 73 1073 600 70 0080 600 72 1149 700 70 1109 100 70 0578 200 71 0839 200 71 0840 200 71 0856 200 71 0858 400 65 0332 400 71 0264 200 71 0614 400 70 0579 200 71 0583 300 70 0385 300 71 1126 100 69 006T 100 69 1198 300 71 1058 100 71 0454 200 69 0516 300 70 1192 300 71 1107 300 71 0269 400 71 0293 600 72 1177 100 71 0257 200 71 0801 200 73 1082 200 69 0169 100 66 0063 100 67 0041 100 68 0307 100 70 0031 100 70 0049 100 70 0417 100 70 0421 100 70 0458 200 70 0223 200 70 0237 200 71 0787 200 72 1012 300 71 0412 300 71 0466 400 68 0038 100 69 0061 100 70 1233 200 64 1240 200 69 0157 200 69 0523 200 71 1095 200 71 12S2 200 72 1029 300 71 10S8 400 73 1063 400 73 1073 $00 70 0393 500 70 0394 SOO 70 0400 500 71 1254 SLUDGE-DIGEST ION SLUDGE-DIGESTION SLUDGE-DIGESTION SLUDGE-DISPOSAL SLUDGE-DISPOSAL SLUDGE-TREATMENT SLUGGING SLURRIED-MANURES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRIES SLURRY SLURRY SLURRY SLURRY SLURRY SLURRY SLURRY SMALL-BUSINESS-AOM SMART-PORK-FARM SMOKE SMOKE SNAKES SNOW SNOWMELT SNOHMELT SOCIAL SOCIAL-ASPECTS SOCIAL-ASPECTS SOCIAL-ASPECTS SODIUM SODIUM SODIUM SODIUM-CHLORIDE SODIUM-CHLORIDE SODIUM-CHLORIDE SODIUM-PEROXIDE SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOU SOILS SOILS SOILS SOUS SOILS SOUS SOUS SOILS SOUS SOUS SOUS sous SOILS sous sous THIN SUL ,1 «, T™ n IN RELATION TO CATTLE "ASTES KEYWORD INDEX DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-HASTES KEYWORDS BOD COD CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGi-n PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES HASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS y«TE-?REATMENTSTABLUAm W^STE STABnIzA??SNEpni^C^INED HOS MASTE TREATMENT SmoUol FA^-ilsTE WAS E- «! S WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STIBTI !7iT n "* 0" &PPL1ED BMTeRloiOC/SSSiSoSS! MUR-oSsM "SI ER- OL FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA HtSEVOR05 ORYING L*YERS "°I STURE-CONTENT SOLIDS-PER K*Y«°«t>S SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMPI KEYWORDS SiLAGE EFFLUENTS MtlRBIFi. IDDITATI KEY"OR" SLURRIES BOD 2oo ODoTs' ou PM "V *6R'CULTURE KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES RENO!'INN?ARMSW«TF m«n?IES £ROM M°°ERN «RICUI-TURE KEYWORDS AERATION DOOR I AVFB P«pna«l"-?t ?5 L 1 ?* L kEyiF n« « ON ?ip ?«» °L^Rr "ASTES Hl™ ^""tULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL F T« !A|TC S?n.*2i HA^rMEALTH "YWOROS DISEASE UK PATHOGENIC LAGOONS SLURRIE I« u«« .= S«LEM "'TH P'GS KEy«OI image: ------- 700 70 1066 700 70 1256 700 72 1048 400 72 1032 200 66 0587 900 71 1254 100 69 0416 200 66 0131 300 69 0637 400 64 0379 300 1077 100 70 1195 200 71 0284 200 T2 1022 300 70 1036 300 72 1260 400 69 1225 4UO 73 1158 100 66 1060 200 68 1242 200 69 0157 200 69 0516 200 71 1099 200 71 1096 200 72 1010 200 72 1011 200 72 1013 200 72 1020 300 1077 300 70 0205 300 71 1008 400 69 0016 500 71 1072 600 73 1065 700 70 1256 100 71 0318 300 68 0352 100 70 0299 2UO 68 1242 200 70 0670 200 71 0603 •200 71 0665 300 47 1253 300 70 1036 100 69 0)75 100 71 1197 200 71 0284 200 71 0646 300 68 1122 400 69 1225 500 70 0387 SCO 70 0389 500 70 0*9* 200 69 0191 200 71 0857 200 71 0661 200 71 0855 300 71 0639 2CO 71 0661 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 200 72 1021 100 70 1037 500 71 1294 100 71 1236 200 69 0191 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 200 71 0810 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 200 68 1242 309 68 1122 100 73 1069 200 72 1013 360 1077 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 500 71 1072 200 71 0605 300 72 10S2 400 70 0070 600 72 1177 400 69 1225 100 65 0377 400 70 0070 200 70 0217 200 71 0826 300 70 0207 300 71 0732 200 66 0587 200 69 0201 200 70 0215 200 71 1252 100 71 1236 100 72 1224 300 71 1126 200 71 0824 100 64 0474 100 65 0066 SOILS SOILS SOILS SOIL-ANALYSIS SOIL-BACTERIA SOIL-BACTERIA SOIL-BORNE SO IL-CLOGO I NO SOIL-COLUMNS SOIL-CONDITIONER SOIL-CONDITIONS SOIL-CONSERVATION SOIL-CONSERVATION SOIL-CONSERVATION- SOIL-CONSERVATION SOU-CCNSERVATION- SOIL-CONSF.RVATION SOIL-CONSERVATION- SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CONTAMINATION SOIL-CORES SOIL-DISPOSAL SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEL SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIE1. SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEL SOU-OISPOSAL-FIEL SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEL SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIEU SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIEL SOIL-EROSION SOIL-EROSION SOIL-EROSION SOIL-EROSION SOIL-EROSION SOIL-EROSION SOIL-EROSION SOIL-EROSION SOU-EROSION SOU-FILTER SOU-FILTER SOIL-FILTRATION SOU-FILTRATION SOU-FILTRATION SOU-INJCCTION SOIL-LEACHING SOU-LEACHING SOU-MANAGEMENT SOIL-MICROORGANISM SOIL-MICROORGANISM SOIL-MOISTURE SOU-MOISTURE SOIL-NITROGEN SOU-NITROGEN SOU-OXYGEN-DEMANO SOU-PHOSPHORUS SOU-PHOSPHORUS SOIL-PHYSICAL-PROP SOIL-POROSITY SOU-PROFILES SOU-PROFILES SOU-PROFILES SOU-PROFILES SOU-PROFILES SOU-PROFILES SOU-PROPERTIES SOU-PROPERTIES SOIL-PROPERTIES SOU-PROPERTIES SOU-RUNOFF SOIL-STRUCTURE SOU-SURVEYS SOU-TESTS SOU-TESTS SOU-TESTS SOIL-TREATMENT SOU-TYPES SOIL-TYPES SOIL-HATER SOU-HATER SOU-HATER-MOVEMEN SOU-HATER-MOVEMEN SOU-HATER-PLANT-R SOLID SOLIDS SOLIDS KEYWORD INDEX HATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYHORDS EFFLUENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HYOROGR MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED sous KEYHORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC NEBRASKA IS NO ONE KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS CATTLE FARM-HASTES OOOR IRRIGATION LABORATORIES HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS HITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS UHlCH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE SOIL KEYWORDS SEWERS SEPTIC-TANKS ABSORPTION SOI SOIL FILTRATION TO REMOVE ODORS KEYWORDS POULTRY ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AMMONIA HYDROGEN- A REPORT ON THREE MANURE-COMPOSTING PLANTS KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-DECOMPOSITION AMMON SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED HITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL HASTES AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF HATER BODIES KEYHORDS HATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYWORDS SOIL-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOIL-EROSION CONS RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE HAR ON POLLUTION KEYHOROS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO NONPCINT RURAL SOURCES OF HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS HATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILIZ CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS HATER-RE&OURCE-OEV DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE HAST NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN HATER FARM-HASTES GROUN THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISM!) IHkUULH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS BOD COO DO PH WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CON PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE KEYWORDS FARM- BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYHORDS ENGINEERING AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS DEHYDRATION LAND-USE PROTEINS EROSION TECHNOLO PROCEEDINGS LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW KEYHORDS LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE FEED-LOTS GROUNDHATER R POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOU BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL HASTES INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS OOOR HATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION SOIL-CONTAMINATION INSECTS DI ANIMAL HASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R FERTILIZERS AMD FEEOLOTS - WHAT ROLE IN GROUNOMATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS SO HUMAN ANO ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEHAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYHORDS PHOSPHATES SOIL-CONTAMINAT RUNOFF, SOLID HASTES, AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS COD BOO DO SOIL-C DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SWINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SE HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY-RUNOFF WASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS HYDROLOGY WAST6-WATER-TREATME THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES ANO ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY KEYHORDS TREATME WASTE MANAGEMENT ON A MODERN DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS CATTLE SOIL-DISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPTIC-T WATER OUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOG WASTE TREATMENT KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HASTE-TREATM AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYHORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO RURAL-RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS HATER-OUALITY SOIL-EROSION COLIF NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL-RUNOFF FERT CURRENT CONSERVANCY-LEGISLATION KEYHOROS SOU-CONSERVATION DRAINAGE SOU-EROSION CONS FARM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS PHOSPHORUS- COMPOUNDS SOU-EROSION RUNO NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE HATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A 8UALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV POLLUTION BY SEDIMENT SOURCES ANU THE DETACHMENT AND TRANSPORT-PROCESSES KEYWORDS SE LAND AND WATER-MANAGEMENT FOR MINIMIZING SEDIMENT KEYWORDS SOIL-EROSION SEDIMENT-YIELD FERTILIZER-MANAGEMENT FOR POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SOIL-EROSION CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF OOOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOIL SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HYDROGEN-SULF IDE SOU- NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOU KEYWORD FARM-WASTES SOU-FILTE ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOON EFFLUENT BY SOU FILTRATION KEYHORO ANAEROBIC-LAGOON-EF USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDH ODORS ANO THEIR CONTROL KEYWORDS POULTRY CHEMICAL TREATMENT AIR-CIRCULATION DRYING SO IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOU NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-MI EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES FEED-LOTS NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHORDS ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYHORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF OOOR REMOVAL IN SOME SOU SYSTEMS K&YWORDS HYOROGEN-SULFIDE SOIl- IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-N1 EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOU PROFILES ANO ON TRANS WATER AND SOU OXYGEN DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN (00 IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOU NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIl-NI EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOUS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE ANO SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS WASTES FERTIL. MANURING OF POTATOES ON PEN SILT SOUS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYHORDS POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOU BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOU PROFILES ANO ON TRANS HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES SEHAGE WASTE-DISPOSAL IRRIG CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION KEYHOROS CONFINEMENT-PENS RUNOFF GROUNDWATER-FERTILITY SOU- EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOUS ON SURFACE AND GROUNDHATER SYSTEMS KEYWORDS SOU AS AN ANIMAL-HASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYHOROS N P K SOU-PROPERTIES SOU-SURVEYS F DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT HASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS HATER-RESOURCE-OEV EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-MANURES ON SOUS AND CROPS KEYHOROS ORGANIC-MATTER FERTILIZERS SOI SOIL AS AN ANIMAL-HASTE DISPOSAL-MEDIUM KEYWORDS N P K SOIL-PROPERTIES SOIL-SURVEYS F POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY-LITTER MANURE APPLICATION IN ARKA CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSIS AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT HASTE THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION-RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF CORN KEYWORDS CHtMIC CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-INDUST HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MERCAPTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS KEYWORDS DEGRAOATIO ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS F MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL KEYHOROS SOU-WATER LYSIMETER PLOW- NITRATE POLLUTION OF HATER KEYHOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-WATERS MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN AEROBIC TREATMENT OF LIQUID AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE KEYHOROS BIODEGRABATION NITRIFIC PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG HASTES KEYWORDS SOLIDS N DIAPHRAGM-PUMP THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AND SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR 162 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 100 68 0500 100 70 1195 100 71 0261 200 66 0134 300 69 0002 300 72 1085 600 73 1075 200 69 0180 300 71 1245 100 64 0371 100 72 1129 600 72 1150 200 70 1159 200 66 0143 400 68 0038 100 70 1051 100 71 0688 100 70 1237 200 68 1186 200 71 0657 200 71 0733 200 71 0786 200 71 1099 200 73 1082 200 73 1083 303 68 1123 300 70 0010 300 70 1247 3uO 70 1248 300 71 0457 300 71 0732 300 71 0744 300 71 1081 600 72 1156 600 73 1147 100 70 1233 100 72 1188 100 73 1155 100 70 1040 100 71 1038 100 71 1236 700 70 1256 300 71 1081 100 72 1215 700 71 1120 '100 70 1111 300 70 0*75 100 64 0072 200 68 1242 200 71 1252 200 69 0432 100 67 0079 100 67 1218 100 68 0011 100 69 1042 100 69 1231 100 70 0024 100 70 0417 100 70 1051 100 70 1237 200 69 1117 200 70 0240 200 70 1118 300 1105 300 30 1205 300 53 1206 •300 68 1043 300 68 1122 300 68 1202 300 69 1060 •300 69 1061 '300 69 1203 300 70 1036 300 70 1201 500 70 0396 '200 69 0552 .200 70 0054 300 71 1126 200 71 0779 200 71 0779 600 70 0255 200 64 0750 400 70 0092 300 67 1250 300 70 1000 100 65 1079 200 73 1093 100 70 0014 300 69 0001 300 69 0004 200 69 0523 200 6? 0756 400 70 0357 100 70 1111 200 72 1013 500 71 1254 500 71 1254 100 72 1215 200 64 1240 100 69 1231 SOLIDS SOLIDS SOLIDS SOLIDS SOLIDS SOLIDS SOLIDS SOL1DSOISPUSAL SOLIDS-CONCENTBATI SOLIDS-PERCENT FAM FARM EFFEC THIN- °ES1GN A"° APPLICAr'°N "DWORDS FARM-LAGOONS ANAER 0 i. TE^SY ^r^ir srSor0^ ASTE T"° »»<»'e-*N*WOBIC DMR? MANURE mAT^T*" ? M°l ££ HASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SIZE LOCATION SHAPf DFPT FFT!RrSnFCL?F RA'NFALL RUN°FF FR°" * 8EEF CATTLE «""" KEYWORDS UA!TC nr<™I! ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEER OXIDATION niTru ' SOLID-FUELS SOLID-WASTE SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-HASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-HASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLID-WASTES SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY SOLUBLE-MUCINS SOLUBLE-ORGAN IC-SO SOLUTES SOLUTES SOLUTIONS SOLVENTS SOLVENT-EXTRACTION SOMERSET-COUNTY SONBIRDS SORGHUM SORGUUM SORPTION SORPTION SOURCE SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOURCES SOUTH SOUTH SOUTHEAST-US SOUTHERN-HIGH-PLA1 SOUTHWEST SOUTHWESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA SOUTH-DAKOTA SOUTH-PLATTE-VALLE SOW-CONFINEMENT SOYBEAN-PROTEIN SOYGEAN-01L-MEAL SPACE SPACE-REQUIREMENTS SPACING SPATIAL-UISTRIBUTI SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY SPECTROSCOPY SPHAEROPHORUS SPIROCHAETES SPLEEN SPORES SPORT-FISHING TS OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF ON KAT!R QUALITY OF IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS RESER SPREADING OF SLURRI ED-MANURES KEYWORDS DRYING LAYERS HOI STURE-CGNTEN? Im n ^ £ £ " " POLLUTION FROM FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-OUALITY-ACT DAMS RUNO ™«.V;r,V0JENIIAL OF SAL"ONI° e^» HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR ^"SnoN'paT^ATri!,:^^^ FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS tHEESK*RECDSci?R.?t^EnJA^SE5ENI f°R ^''EN'^^l'eEOLOTS^KEYWORp1''RUNOFF^OLlO-WASTES6 IUMMFR enuFMphrc J^Sf.,??0"" "«T"»« LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLY URBAN SOCI COS?! FM L«rFC|r?rcS?SifIi n0? APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS WATER-POL CDNT?Nun^ ?R°En SA image: ------- 200 68 1187 •.00 70 0022 H'JJ 71 0721 3uJ 6!> 0053 JuO 70 0220 JOO 30 120S Juu 69 10** 300 69 112* 300 30 1205 100 6} 0067 1UO 66 0730 200 67 073* 2uO 69 0176 iOO 70 0221 200 70 0*98 200 70 0755 il/0 70 111* 200 7i 077* 200 71 0777 200 71 0782 200 71 078* ,tJJ 71 08*1 200 71 085* '300 69 0300 '300 71 0*57 *00 6* 0335 *UO 68 0032 *00 68 0033 *00 69 0039 700 72 10*8 ^00 66 012* 600 72 107* 100 63 0338 100 65 0263 luO 66 0*78 100 67 0233 100 68 00** 100 70 10*0 200 69 0708 300 70 1192 500 66 1259 *00 70 0268 600 72 1150 100 6* 03*3 600 72 1150 100 67 1218 200 69 0160 2UO 71 027* 200 71 0283 200 71 0*83 200 71 0598 200 71 0789 300 1105 300 67 12*9 300 69 1103 300 71 0752 500 70 0*0* 500 70 0*11 100 71 1221 100 71 1213 300 70 110* 100 71 1213 200 6* 12*1 300 71 058* 200 70 1050 200 71 0765 200 71 0767 300 67 12*9 3UO 69 1061 300 71 0301 300 67 12*9 200 71 0593 200 71 0596 100 70 10*1 100 71 1039 200 6* 12*0 200 71 0593 200 71 0595 200 71 0597 200 71 0599 200 71 0600 200 71 0601 300 71 058* 100 63 1064 300 70 108* 600 72 1156 100 69 0108 100 71 0*62 200 66 01*6 200 70 02*2 600 72 1076 100 67 010* *00 70 0111 100 70 0031 300 68 1123 300 68 1209 100 60 0059 10(1 65 0366 100 68 0287 100 68 0337 SPRAYING iPKAY-AERATION SPREADERS SPREADERS SPREADING SPRINGS SPXING-THAHS SPKING-THAWS SPRING-HATERS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPKINKLER-IRR1GATI SPRINKLER-IRKIGAT1 SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI MPKINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRR1GATI SPRINKLEK-IRRIGATI SPKINKLEK-IRRIGATI SPIUNKLEH-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI SPRINKLING SPRINKLING STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STABILIZATION STACKING STACKING-SYSTEM STAGNANT-HATER STALL-BARN STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANDARDS STANNOUS-CHLORIOE STAPHYLOCOCCUS STAPKYLOCOCCUS STAPMYLOCOCCUS-AUR STARCH STATES-OF-UNITED-S STATE-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS SVATE-GOVERNMENT STATE-JURISDICTION STATE-LEGISLATION STATE-OFFICIAL STATISTICAL-METHOD STATISTICAL-METHOD STATISTICAL-METHOD STATUTES STATUTES STATUTES STATUTES STATUTES STATUTES STATUTES STAUFFER-R-1JO* STEAM STEAK-DISTILLATION STEER STEERS STEERS STERILIZATION STERILIZATION STIRRED-TANK-INJEC STIRRING STOCKING-RATECATTL STOCK-WATER STOCK-WATER STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE KEYWORD INDEX THE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES MANAGEMENT FARM-MANAGE SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT DOOR SPRAY HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN KEYWORD FERTILIZER DOOR RUNOF rAKMYARU MANURE HANDLING KEYWORDS DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS MACHINERY LOADERS SCR THE ECONOMICS OF 5 TO"I MOi HANDLING ANO SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE FOX CONFINED FEE SUMNER V OOEIL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING HATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOU NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES ANO ON TRANS SUKNEB V OOELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING HATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM KEYWORDS SLURRIES SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION PUMP I AGRICULTURE S EFFECT ON NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER KEYWORD FERTILIZER FEED-LOTS CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEEDLOTS RUNOFF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION DISPOSAL UF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS ANO IRRIGATION KEYWORDS BOD COO OX LAND-DISPOSAL OF DAIRY-FARM-HASTE KEYWORDS EFFLUENT NITRATE PHOSPHATE GROUNDHATER HATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORD RUNOFF ECONOMICS FERTILIZER NUTRIE FEEDLCT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA MANAGEMENT OF BARNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS SPR1NKLER-I FEEOLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE KEYWORDS ODOR OUST NITROGEN LAGOON EVAP MULTlSIAlt LH.UUN SYSItHS HUH IKbtlHbNI U> UA1KY f/>KH Mlblb KEYWORDS SPR INKLER-tRRIffAT A FARM SCALE DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION CONFINE SHORT TERM AERATION OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FOR IRRIGATION KEYWORD ODOR SPRINKLER-IRRI MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS KEYWORD FERTILIZERS NUTRIENT-REMO WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE KEVHOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID WASTES FROM PARLORS ANO MILK HOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPR1 EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRI NATURAL FILTERS FOR AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION EFFLUENTS ORGAN IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-IRRIGATI0d SEWAGE-DISPOSAL EFFLUENT H LABOR FREE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FLOATING-AERATOR ODOR LAGOON AEROBIC-BACTERIA SPRI SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER KEYWORDS SPRINKLING 01 SPRINKLING CATTLE FOR RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS KEYWORDS CATTLE SPRINKLING FEED-LOTS AIR- DIGESTION-TESTS OF LIVESTOCK-WASTES KEYWORDS BOD COD CATTLE POULTRY SLUDGE-DIGESTION REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE KEYWORDS WASTE LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARMWASTES WASTE EFFLUENT-QUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC-LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT-WASTES KEYWORDS KANSAS LAGOO THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES-ABSTRACT KEYWORDS ODOR AEROBIC-CONDITIONS STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOO COD TEST-PR IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTES KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT STAB1LIZATIQ MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UITIMATE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE f OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA BGVINE-SALMONELLOSIS IN A FEEDLOT OPERATION KEYWORDS MUD ANTIBIOTICS STAGNANT-WATER OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA FUTURE WATER BUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUALITY-MANAGE EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE RE8UIREMENTS FOR -TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES WHAT DO WE MEAN BY POLLUTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT-QUALITY STANDARDS TAXATION PRICING ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS STANDARDS GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY COSTS B HOW CAN PORK-PRODUCERS COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL 8UALITY-STANDAROS KEYWORDS WATER-QUA MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS STANDARDS REGULATI ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- A6RICUUTURAL AND RELATED HASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION-SOURC ROLf OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN DESIGN OF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS WITH GROUNOWATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ZONE-OF- ACCOMPL1SHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS ANO BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-B10LOGY A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPROOUCTI STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K THE LEGAL FUTURE NEW THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAN1 ROLE OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEVWO PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER KEYWORDS FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS STATE-GOVERNMENTS BUDGETING OESI AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED HASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES I STATE AGENCIES REGULATING CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS KEYWORDS REGULATION FEOE AGRICULTURAL ANO RELATED HASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LANS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISl SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEDLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT ANO TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND ANO FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA COLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARV-E ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS STATUTES LAWS LEGISLATION CATTLE LAGOON STATE-LEGISL ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT ANO THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS ODORS STATUTES LAWS REGULATION E STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN ANDMANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOF THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT, WASTE CONTROL, PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REC STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS REGULATION STATUTES PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH CAROLINA KEYWORDS REGULA STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEOLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 1970 K TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES ANO HORN FLIES Of MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE SEEPAGE LOSSES ANO FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA KEYWORDS SI NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY USING FECAL COLLECTION APPARATUS ANO INDICATOR METHOD FOR STEERS UTILIZATION OF ANIMAI, WASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS CATTLE SILAGE NUTRIENTS MAN MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOD REVERS HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-VRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR MODELING FEEOLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION KEYWORDS COD DISCHARGE HYDROGRAPHS CONCENTRATION S UNDER-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS KEYWORDS POULTRY COSTS ECONOMICS VOLITILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEOLOT A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF MATER K ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LUT OPERATORS ANO CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS SLUDGE OOOR DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERIA RECYC METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS NEW ZEALAND IRRIGATION DRYING STORAGE A REVIEW OF POULTRY-WASTE-UISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES KEYWORDS BOO N P K MOISTURE-CONTENT 164 image: ------- 100 70 0020 '100 70 0083 100 70 0085 100 70 0*58 100 71 0472 1UO 71 0683 200 66 0119 200 66 0120 200 66 0152 200 61 0167 200 69 0185 200 69 0187 200 69 0188 200 69 0423 200 69 0706 200 70 0246 200 70 0247 2JO 70 02*9 200 70 0250 200 71 0769 200 71 0835 300 69 0006 300 69 0062 400 71 0297 400 71 0311 500 70 0403 600 73 1147 100 69 0030 200 66 0151 200 70 0114 200 70 0220 300 69 0007 100 70 0685 100 69 0058 100 71 0266 •200 69 0524 200 69 0706 200 70 0220 400 64 0335 400 65 0332 400 71 0262 100 70 0026 400 70 0109 100 62 0292 300 69 0093 100 69 1231 300 71 1058 100 69 1198 100 71 1212 300 1105 300 26 1204 300 30 1205 300 53 1206 300 66 1202 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 300 70 1192 300 71 1126 700 70 1066 100 69 1198 100 67 1218 100 69 0375 200 71 0807 300 66 0352 100 70 1217 100 71 0484 100 71 1213 200 64 1241 200 66 1112 200 71 0796 200 71 0825 300 67 0701 300 68 0702 300 72 1085 700 70 0231 200 70 1053 200 70 1053 100 70 0027 200 71 0840 200 69 0706 200 69 0166 100 69 0416 600 68 0471 200 69 1167 100 70 1233 200 70 0755 100 72 1224 500 68 1259 100 73 1184 100 72 1224 300 71 1081 200 69 0431 300 69 0735 300 72 1170 200 66 0587 100 69 0310 300 69 0632 100 69 0096 200 71 0792 200 71 0810 STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE STORAGE-CAPACITY STORAGE-CAPACITY STORAGE-CAPACITY STORAGE-CAPACITY STORAGE-PIT STURAGE-PITS STORAGE-TANKS STORAGE-TANKS STORAGE-TANKS STORAGE-TANKS STORAGE-TANKS STORAGE-TANKS STORAGE-TANKS STORAGE-WASTE STRAINS STRAINS STREAM STREAM STREAMFLOW STREAMFLOW STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAMS STREAM-CONCOURSE STREAM-CONDITIONS STREAM-POLLUTION STREAM-POLLUTION STREAM-POLLUTION STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS-eOVI STREPTOCOCCUS-FAEC STRESS STROAGE STRUCTURAL-DESIGN STUDIES STUDY SUBLIMATION SUBSIDY SUBSOIL SUBSURFACE-DRAINS SUBSURFACE-HATERS SUBSURFACE-MATERS SUBTROPICAL-ENVIRO SUB-SURF AC6-UR4IN* SUCROSE SUGAR-BEETS SULFATE SULFATES SULFER-BACTERIA SULfIDE SULFIDE SULFIDES SULFUR SULFUR KEYWOKO INDEX EF-FrCI,9F °1ETS CONT»'N"<6 OEMYDRATEO POULTRY HASTE ON QUALITY CHANGES IN SHELL EGGS DU n^r^"?1"?1 °PERATIONS IN ONTARIO KEYWORDS RUNOFF STORAGE TREATMENT LAND-DISPOSAL BE DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE GASES USE Of SOIL TO TREAT ANAERCBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT OESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD OISPOSA A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF A SLURRY COMPOUND KEYWORDS STORAGE BRITAIN AN° CISPDS4L IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SHINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM n«NIM*L *ASTES KErvl0llDS ECONOMICS 800 COO SLURRIES DISPOSAL ODOR ST ??n,,,n 21C,AIT!;EcFEEDLOIS """OK" STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS COO BOO COST NUTR °F DAIRY CAmE MANURE «™<»DS AERATION TEMPERATURE ODOR COO LOADIN MANA6E"ENT KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER-POLLUTION INCINERATION STORAGE MORT o»c PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN NORTHERN EUROPE KEYWORDS UAun. ,ur E«iH"r2F ANIMAL "STE MAN4GEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EOUIPMENT DESIGN-D SmPn 2r'JI??iGE'.tND TREATMENI Df OA1RY A"° 8EEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K KEYWOROS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES DISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILDINGS STO ? "ANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS STORAGE SLURRIES DISPOSAL DESIGN-CRITERI US"*66 " FARM "STES l •""""ING AND CHOICE OF SYSTEM KEYWORDS EF „ ° GE OF FARM «**TES 2 HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION KEYWORDS EQUIPM SEL ° STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAC WASTES KEYWORDS COMPUTER-MOD i 'OULTRY MANURE KEYWORD AERATION AEROBIC-CONDITIONS WASTE-ASSIMILAT p ANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS- OE ,.AJILE FEEDLOT WASTES KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS- DISPOSAL LAGOONS RUNOFF t * °VER DEEP P1T KEY»«»DS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORAGE 2A?VRr REDUCES ODORS KEYWORDS AEROBIC ANAEROBIC STORAGE ODORS HANDLING - GE ENT T° M1N""ZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT I 6E ENT "" CATTLE "EDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-DISPO n c D IRY "ANURE BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BIOOEGRADATION ALGAE BOD ANAEROBIC-DI ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LICUID-MANURF. DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR ™i Irnin ,r ' UAB1LtTY OR ASSET KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION ECONOMICS CO THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING IT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K DM»? in! 2FJI?! ' HANDLING AND SHEADING OF LIOUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE n?R P *P,m °f AC("CULTIJRAL EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS SLURRIES STORAGE-TANKS SPRI S»I?"7J2U5L KEV"°R°s DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL A .l n «D 2 L™ E CHOICES BYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-WAS * ni ut? ^J^o F°R ™E O"601^1* AND ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM MIXED'CUfT , r.iSn L ANURE KEYWROS HOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS icocr?, CE M° "REAM '""'•'•UTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF BOO DISEASE LAND DRAIN ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD DO RIVERS WATER-OUALITV STREAM * . T"°;H!CATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK KEYWORDS nnet HATHEME"CAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNOWA nJ 2 !I5 *L FEAmES OF "LOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS «? J LE USE °N "TER 8UALITY OF H>SH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN F°R ™E RES'STR*TION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- V GINTLIMO STREA" POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARH KEYWORDS nMl,nurN T° PREVErilT POLLUTION OF SPRING WATER BY CATTLE KEYWORDS POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES nSIT??.SI*TES LIAB"-ITY °f WITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT APPLICATION OF INSECTICI OP yllH? * - IS!"6*"10" KE^ORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL AIn°!MEAN°'t Key"0ROS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION n OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- E"LOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIRWEN ,ST, WINE PROOUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYQROGR DEIR1TAL fEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS .nn« ^ ' T DESIGN KErWOR°S WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY-MANAGE * " 2 « ^ACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY SOIL-EROSION 'COL IF °nCEFFLUENT FROM FARM ANIHU PRODUCTION SITES KEYWORDS STREAM-POLLUTION COLIF FROM SWINE FEED"NG FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS SE GICAL pARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION ° SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS /0? IDENTIFY1« HICROORGANISMS KEYWORDS PATHOGENIC-BACTERIA ENTERIC- EN PROTOZ°A KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA BACTERIA CATTLE REPRODUCTI "U2°fF N*TUR£ AND BEHAWII'« KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUT ION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNO °F RUMINANT FRO" NON-RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE 0 ASPECTS °f AEROBICALLY TREATED SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEN-DEMAND SAL ^c?, ° RICULTURE KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA BOO COLIFORM FISHK H«rBi nl RANDALL COUNTY, TEXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BAtTERIA COLIFORMS CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS !!•!" AOOITIvES ON THE SIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SWINE *AS SIIIJ OUALITr ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD FC f «« *,IEL?t!ALI1I ANALYSES Of METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION KEYWORD E "EAT *ND COL° EXPOSURE *ND STARVATION ON VANIIMANDELIC ACIB ' AERATIQN-CONDITIONEO MANURE STORAGE KEYWORD ODOR CATTLE FA « rS.TR!AIMENT °F DA1RY AND 8EEF "TTl-E NASIES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K n f«I«NSFER COEFFICIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS KEYWORDS E8UATION ° E DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C S«?AIU"ILM?RIr?GCOF PCULTRY MANURE ™ROU6H "KHANICAl AGITATION KEYWORDS 4.^ H^EMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA AN° PHQ5PHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SDURC IOE°B "STE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-OISPolAl IMC ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES LIVESTOCK FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF "iicAL BACTERIA BACmU IN " un,CREAIED 8Y AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KEYWORDS EROSION D°Ln°Gr« *"E "" AN AN*ER08IC STABILIZATION POND KEYWORD SETTL1NG- PER<;OLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS .r AND "ETHYL "ER«PTANS REMOVALS WITH SOU COLUMNS KEYWORDS OEGRADATIO IMPROVEMENT IN THE COLLECTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIOE IN CADMIUM .HYDROXIDE SUSPENMQN "flS QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE KEYWORDS GAS-CHRO«ATO rS»nIIrnriTi0? °F G*SES 'N A """"EMENT S«INE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYWORDS OOOR SSw CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF MALOOORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS CHROMATOG HATER AND SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS SULFUR CARBON NITROGEN JSS 165 image: ------- 300 70 1084 100 71 1221 100 71 0413 200 69 0190 SCO 71 1254 100 69 0308 300 69 0634 400 73 1158 600 69 1239 200 69 0482 300 70 120k 100 69 0071 100 70 0372 100 69 1198 100 72 1224 200 66 1112 200 69 0531 200 71 0642 200 71 0649 300 68 1209 300 69 1044 300 69 1124 300 70 1201 600 69 1160 700 71 1120 200 69 0182 100 69 0103 400 64 0358 500 70 0392 100 69 1198 200 69 0696 200 70 1118 200 71 1094 200 71 1095 200 71 12S2 200 72 1013 200 72 1019 300 69 1103 300 70 1201 400 71 1196 700 7O 1066 100 69 0690 400 70 0357 100 70 1041 200 70 0326 100 70 1233 100 70 1237 400 71 0686 100 72 121S 300 49 1210 100 60 1078 100 65 0346 100 66 0478 100 69 0096 100 69 0361 100 70 0027 100 70 0064 100 70 0362 100 7O 0369 100 71 0683 100 71 07S1 200 66 0119 200 66 0133 200 66 0137 200 66 0138 200 66 0147 200 66 0151 200 66 0155 200 66 0156 200 69 0074 200 69 0164 200 69 0177 200 69 0425 200 69 0696 200 69 0708 200 70 0244 200 70 0251 200 70 06TO 200 70 0717 200 71 0607 200 71 0762 200 71 0768 200 71 0788 200 71 0790 200 71 0803 200 71 0804 200 71 0811 200 71 0812 200 71 0814 200 71 0818 200 71 0825 200 71 0837 200 72 1089 300 65 0757 300 68 0352 300 68 0749 300 69 0001 300 69 0002 300 69 0003 300 69 0004 SULFUR SULFUR 1C-AC 10 SULFUR-BACTERIA SULFUR-BACTERIA SULFUR-BACTERIA SULFUR-COMPOUNDS SULFUR-DIOXIDE SUHPS SUMPS SUPPLEMENTAL-IR«10 SURFACE SURFACES ' SURFACE-DRAINAGE SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-RUNOFF SURFACE-STORAGE SURFACE-HATER SURFACE-WATER SURFACE-WATER SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-HATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURFACE-WATERS SURGICAL-MODIFICAT SURVEY SURVEYS SURVEVS SUSPENDED-LOAD SUSPENDED-LOAD SUSPENDED-SOLIDS SUSPENSION SKIMMING SWINE . SWINE SWINE SHINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SHINE SWINE SWINE SHINE SWINE SHINE SWINE SttNE SWINE SWINE SWINE SHINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SHINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE SWINE KEYWORD INDEX CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL NATE DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION I FLAHELESS SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS KEYWORDS ODOR SULFUR-BACTERIA LAGOONS MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES KEYWORDS ISOLATION CULTURES SOIL-BACTERIA PROTOZOA FUNGI PHOTOS AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL HASTESiDETERMINATION OF MAUODORS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND 0 ANALYSIS OF GASES ENCOUNTERED IN A COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE KEYWORDS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE NAST DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION KEYWORDS CALIFORNIA DRAINS INSTALLATION NITRAT THE EFFECTS OF FAKM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL HATERS KEYWORD GROUNOWATER NUT OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS RUNOFF PRECI DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE-FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS RUNOFF SURFACE-DRAINAGE GRO CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES SURFACE-RUNG TECHNICAL-ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM THE SOIL-CONSERVATION SERVICE KEYWORDS SCS SURFAC AGRICULTURAL HASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS WATER- LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER OUALITY KEYWORDS FERTILIZATION SURFACE-R ATKINSON V HERINGTON CATTLE COMPANY FEED LOT OPERATORS AND CATTLE OWNERS JOINT LIABILI IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN KEYWORDS NITRIFICATION SOIL-NI EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STR CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER OUALITY HYDROLOGY KEYWORDS HYDROGRAPHS RAINFALL-SIMULATORS INTEN NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE WATER BY ABSORPTION OF AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE f TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS 800 VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER SOURCES-OF-NITROGEN IN WATER-SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES GROUNDHATER SURFACE-WATER INF CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES Of PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SHINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-WATERS DISCHARGE LAGO WATER O.UALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION—SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ECONOMICS SU BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY KEYWORDS NITRATE POLLUTION OF HATER KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNDWATER SURFACE-HATERS POLLUTION OF AIR HATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT KEYWORDS ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION-SOURC OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA HATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY HITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS'KEYWORDS EFFLUENT HASTE-DISPOSAL HVDROCR AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE FECES AND EXPIRATORY GASES FROM T FROM THE ALS MECHANICAL-CLEANING OF COWSHEDS KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE AGE COSTS SPECIFIC STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AG AGRICULTURAL-HASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYHORDS ENVIRONMENT ODOR WASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RE LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION-SOURC POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALCONIO FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON NEH PROCESS CONVERTS CATTLE RUMEN TO FEEDSTUFF KEYWORDS CATTLE WASTE-TREATMENT SUSPEN AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID KEYWORDS ARSENIC FARM-WASTES SWINE DIETS LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY DAIRY SHINE BOO ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION INF LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS FARHWASTES WASTE IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINEMENT SHINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE KEYHORDS ODOR ORGA NUTRITIVE VALUE OF OXIDATION-DITCH RESIOUE KEYWORDS FEED-VALUE SWINE AEROBIC-TREATMENT EFFECT OF STRESS ON SWINE HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANILMANDELIC ACID URINARY CREATIN1NE AS AN INDEX COMPOUND FOR ESTIMATING RATE OF STEROIDS IN THE DOMESTIC DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA IN FECES OF SWINE KEYWORDS MICROORGANISMS PATTERNS SWINE ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWINE EXCREMENT KEYWORDS LABORATORY-TESTS,TEMPERATURE SLUD ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM ANIMAL HASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION KEYWORDS POULTRY SWINE CATTLE PA MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS ECONOMICS BOD COD SLURRIES DISPOSAL DOOR ST AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS SLOTTEO-FLOOR AERATION BOO COO COLLECTION P PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES BY LAGOONING KEYWORDS BACTERIA SLUDGE ODOR GAS LAGOO DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGOONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COO BOD TEMP COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS KEYWORDS POULTRY CATTLE CATFISH ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS KEYWOR PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC HASTES KEYWORDS LIQUID-W BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL HASTES KEYWORDS SHINE COST BOD NITROGEN NITROGEN-BALAN AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGENAT10N AERATION LAGOON OXIDATION-DITCH SWINE HASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION B FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATION DITCHES IN.CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS ROTORS OXYGC ANIMAL WASTES - A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM KEYWORDS BOD COD HOGS SWINE DISPOSAL RUNOFF QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SHINE PRODUCTION AREAS KEYWORD SURFACE-HATERS DISCHARGE LAGO TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SHINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYHOROS BOO COD TEST-PR MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM HITH PIGS KEYWORDS SLURRIES SWINE ODOR CONFINEMENT-PENS AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DOOR SLURRIES AERATION LAGOONS BOD COD OXIO ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CON REDUCTION OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICA SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF IRRIGATION-PRACTICES FIELD-SPREADING CONFINEME LIVESTOCK HASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT KEYWORDS ODOKS ECONOMICS DRYING RU SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS KEYWORDS ODORS LEGAL-A IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN A SWINE-BUILDING ATMOSPHERE' KEYWORDS ODOR ORG MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 700 HEAD SWINE FINISHING BUILDING TWO APPROACHES USING RENOVATE IMPROVING HATER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE REMOVAL KEYWORDS BOD ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AFFECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES KEYWORDS COPPER ZINC ANTIBI PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES SWINE SLU PYROLYSIS OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS THE ECONOMICS OF SHINE HASTE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS COSTS ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY AEROBIC-TRE MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTE KEYWORDS OXYGEN-DEMAND SAL AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUPPRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIQUID SHINE MANURE SYSTEMS K A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS CONFINEMENT-PENS AERATION BOO COD AMMONIA N DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM SHINE FEEDING FLOORS TO MINIMIZE STREAM POLLUTION KEYWORDS Sb ROTOR AERATION OF SHINE WASTES KEYWORD OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINENENT-PE SWINE HOUSING AND HASTE MANAGEMENT - A RESEARCH REVIEW KEYHOROS CUNFINEMENT-PtNS AER08I SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS SUE LOCATION SHAPE DEPT CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE REOUIREMENTS-FACTSHEET KEYWORDS SIZE TEMPERATURE SEA CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS MATERIALS REINFORCED-C image: ------- JOU 69 0005 300 69 0006 }00 69 0007 300 70 0334 300 71 0677 300 71 0692 300 71 1098 600 71 0*94 700 68 0330 700 70 0231 700 70 1066 100 70 0685 100 69 0095 400 65 1142 700 72 1048 100 70 0418 600 72 1002 100 69 0416 100 70 0458 200 71 0663 200 71 0772 400 70 0022 100 71 0683 100 71 0753 200 66 0115 200 71 0612 200 71 0615 200 71 0768 200 71 0833 300 69 0631 300 71 0704 300 71 0732 100 71 1228 600 72 1153 400 65 0332 100 64 1200 1 0 7O 1237 200 71 0274 200 70 1050 400 71 1196 700 70 1046 200 64 1240 100 73 1155 200 66 0145 300 71 1246 200 66 0153 200 69 0199 200 69 0203 200 69 0537 200 71 0618 200 71 0766 200 71 1094 200 71 1096 100 65 0503 100 65 0699 100 67 0501 100 68 0307 100 69 0364 100 70 0094 100 70 1230 100 71 0695 100 73 1087 100 70 1237 200 66 0138 200 68 0760 200 69 0165 200 69 0167 200 71 0740 200 73 1083 300 69 0002 300 69 0003 300 69 0634 300 70 1084 300 71 1081 300 72 1264 600 70 0080 600 70 0098 600 72 1074' 600 72 1076 600 72 1262 600 69 1006 200 72 1108 300 30 120S 300 71 0745 300 71 1008 400 72 1179 400 70 0092 200 72 1015 100 70 1230 200 71 0656 300 71 0732 500 70 0407 200 66 0135 100 55 0328 100 70 0034 100 71 0303 300 71 0412 100 71 0722 200 69 0708 600 71 0272 SWINE SWINE SWINE SHINE SWINE SWINE SHINE SHINE SHINE SWINE SWINE SHINE-CONFINEMENT SHINE-WASTE SHINE-WASTE SHINE-WASTES SYNTHESIS SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS TANK-SPREAOEHS TANYTARSUS TASTE TAXATION TAXES TAXES TAXES TAXONOMY TCA-SOLUBLE-MUCIN TON TECHNIQUES TECHNIQUES TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE-CONTRO TENNESSEE TENNESSEE TERRACES TERRACES TERRACES-AGRICULTU TERRACES-RESEARCH TERRACING TERTIARY-TREATMENT KEYWURD INDEX SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-PROPERTIES OF SWINE WASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS Pn SHINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG HASTES-FACT SHEET T^rn^rc4™"^'-""5 "<" STOREO S"'"E "«TES-FACT H ET IEYWORDS WASTF ne criye niccAee u nc ft,t ?n r E SE YNT^HAT?™ n? rSySLJ"4-!"0810 LA6°°N INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM BY THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS KEYWORDS MODEL-STlioTeTAN' ..-.2RE, MEASUH6D IN SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS VENTILATION SHINE- ANAEROBICALLY tDCATCn tum.e ....*»*•.. ... ••_^«wii *nmi. IN ANIML n HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT m= Fi» _-. . _._ ..~ .„«„.,,. AIR-POLLUTION ODOR REGULA COULD 8E ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C E"LU£NT DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FIELD 01SPOSA - SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINEMENT OPERATION IN A COLD .NURE LAGOONS KEYWORDS POULTRY AEROBIC-TREATMENT ODOR SPRAY ;°"SAL IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM .-- FEEDLOT WASTE KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS LAND ANAEROBIC EFFKT OF SAjuL HA«m*Ir°cv?Tch VEST°" "*STES A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW KEY ODORS cJsfS Jm S.St ?£,?!!""! °N PLANT NUIRIENT CYCLING KEYHORDS FERTILIZATION CRO PLANN NC IN?M»* SAC?? i^L " MATTER FROH HIGH DENS'TY POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AS TH CinSFn image: ------- lUd 73 1034 100 69 0714 loy 71 1038 '/60 73 1083 '300 68 0702 300 6,9 ueo 300 70 1192 300 7U 12*8 400 71 1134 400 71 1196 40u 73 1007 60U 72 1169 309 71 0466 1UO 70 1194 20U 69 0078 600 TO Q469 200 71 OH4 600 72 L.D76 600 69 1006 3UO 71 112ft 200 72 1016 100 Ti 1215 100 73 1164 100 70 0417 400 65 1142 200 69 0189 260 69 0190 400 72 1171 600 73 1069 200 71 0843 lOij 72 1219 100 72 1199 100 7) 1164 200 71 109} 600 71 0493 400 6$ 1142 100 67 121! 20X1 71 0807 300 72 108$ 100 66 0473 100 69 0030 200 69 0074 200 69 0177 200 69 0180 500 70 0399 100 63 1064 100 65 1091 100 65 1219 100 69 OQ57 10.0 70 0418 100 71 0257 100 7,S 1087 200 69 0696 200 6) 0706 200 70 023* 200 70 0238 200 71 0276 200 71 0279 200 71 1099 300 64 U'lO .300 68 1122 300 70 0385 '300 71 1100 400 72 1166 4UO 73 500 71 600 73 l<>65 300 64 1110 400 73 (181 300 69 1103 200 64 1241 100 70 0048 200 71 0740 100 72 1097 200 71 0775 200 71 0858 100 71 0680 200 69 0055 200 72 1024 300 71 1261 200 71 0808 100 63 0289 100 65 0263 100 69 0030 100 69 0035 100 69 0353 100 69 0707 100 70 0083 100 70 0421 100 71 0507 100 71 1228 200 66 0115 200 66 0133 200 66 0137 200 66 0139 200 66 0144 200 66 0152 200 66 0156 200 66 0438 200 68 1186 IJ78 1072 KEYWORD INDEX TEST-TUbES TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND HANOI I HO OF ANAEROBIC MICROBES IN WASTE FERMENTATION SVSTE TETRATHIONATE EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM FECES KEYWORDS TEXAS CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS TEXAS CONTINUOUS SOL 10 HASTE RETCRT»FEASIBI LI TV STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARN-WASTES WASTE-OISPO TEXAS BUFFALO LAKE PROJECT RANDALL COUNTY, TEXAS KEYWORDS RUNOFF RAINFALL BACTERIA COL I FORMS TEXAS CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS PARK-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL RUN TEXAS IMPLICATIONS OF MATER DUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- TEXAS LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS IEXAS FEED EH TRASH, CUT POLLUTION KEYWORDS CELLULOSE BRUSH-CONTROL FARM-HASTES RECYCLING PR TEXAS CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS ROLLUTION-AB TEXAS FEEDERS SCULDEO FOR FAILING to LEARN THE IB MANURE ECONOMICS KEYHORDS FARM-WASTES ECQNON TEXAS CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LAKGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEYWORDS APPLICATION-KETHODJ TEXAS-HIGH-PLAIN} INFILTRATION RATES AND CROUNOWAT'ER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FtEOLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE THAMES-RIVER-ENGLA REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION THEORETICAL-ANAI.YS OXYGENATIUN CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS K THEORIES WHY DUES IT SMELL SO BAD KEYWORDS ODOR LITERATURE INSTRUMENTATION PERCEPTION THEORIES THERMAL-CAPACITY PYROLYSI5 OF LIVESTOCK HASTES KEYWORDS CHEMICAL-TREATMENT ANAEROBIC CHEMICAL-ANALY$| J THERMAL-DESTRUCTIP HI$H-TEMPE««TV*E HIGN-PRfSSUM EUTRUHON OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORD* FARM-WASTES KYPQTHALAMIS TEMPERATURE. REGULATION 1* CATTLE HEYHCRPS CATTLE T ' 19M , THERNAL-P«OPERT|Ei CHARACTERISTIC.? Of ' ANIMAL WASTES AW «UNjQFF KEYWORDS CONCUCTU/ITf F TN40C*gBAJ|IATE-PES.f AUTQtlATEp COMttUfTIMM VERSUS GMNS UBRRIE THE SPORTSMAN; VIEW KEYWORDS .PESTICIDES DOT BIOCONTROL BENEFICIAL-USE toxicm AIOLOG POLLUTION - HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROK FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS N1IMTE EUTBOPH.ICA.TI BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL DUALITY KEYWORD*t * • LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE BUCKS COLORjfliSH*iLL,M«s NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS KEYWORDS DOMJfSTlf-JNIWtS WAIVES 'FIRTH. AIR POLLUTANTS AFFEjCTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS:- fi LITERATURE »EVI»H,KEYW DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT : «ETHO,RpS. MEMURYNEUTRO MOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEYWOROS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL HOQS CATTLE i • I , OOOR CONTROL MAY BE A. BIO CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK f AM-WITES DAIRV.|NDUS3Ri CO HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES, IttOLGi WASTE-OISPOSAlTjaRIG^ EFFECTS OF WINE LAGOON EFFLUENT .OF THE SOIL AND P-UNT T»S$V« WMQRPt '• ' '(..<*•<. LAKE TERMINOLOGY- WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTRQPH(CATION ALCAE DUCKS COLOR FUHKKL U«S SALMON THAt NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA. KEYWORDS RECmCUCATfO**>T«R SAL»D»f AHQDHISL AND. f, ,: . ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORJI'OKIA^WA WATER-fOLlVtllW-WURC PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA KEYWORDS RUMINANTS PROTOZOA'BACTERIA CATTli REPROQllCTI SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CULTIVAIIONilN NORTHERN NIGERIA I THE ROLE Of ORGA&IC. PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES-OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PICS IN CONFINEMENT KEYWORD ANIMAL-BE NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEP CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS' . • .' j TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOPING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY, RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF DAIRY CATTLE NAMU ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS TRANSPORTATION PROCES MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWOROS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM WASTE-INDUCED fROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOAS NEBRASK 158 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 200 69 0056 TREATMENT PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES KEYWORDS 200 69 0162 TREATMENT THEORY ANO FUTURE OUTLOOK CF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES KE 20U 69 018* TREATMENT TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEOLUTS-FIELD RESULTS KEYWORDS ANAEROBIC-CONDIT 200 69 0706 TREATMENT HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF DAIRY ANO BEEF CATTLE WASTES JN CONFINED SYSTEMS K 200 69 07S6 TREATMENT SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS DESIGN-CRITERIA HOGS ODOR TREATMENT FAC 20S ™ S5!5 ISpiI«H!l M*!!?..'!'*?16.5, KErwol'DS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOO coo DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT 200 70 02*2 TREATMENT MINIMIZING THE WASTE OISPOSAL PRObLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COO BOD REVERS 200 TO 0251 TRfcATMENT AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OOORSLURSlES AERATION USOONS BOO COO 0X10 200 70 0252 TREATMENT ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS BACTERJA SLUDGE SLURRIES OESISN-DATA HETH 200 70 02J3 TREATMENT TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LAGOON AERATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SLURRIES !*2 l\ SJS! IJEiI«l!!I ct^M!"LDIS?H4llt;E 6UIDeLUES »•"> *" OXIDATION TREATMENT GASES ODORS CONFINEMENT-PE 300 69 06J8 TREATMENT ODOR CONTROLS BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT KEYWORDS POULTRY AMMONIA-HYOROGEN-SULFIDE CARBON- JOO TO 0008 TREATMENT if.*?!!1' TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS AERATION BOD OXIDATION ? = Slia T.c.T-I^T IRE*I?! ° FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS BOD VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-WATER t? Stlo »»!«!!? DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA KEYWORDS WASTE TREATMENT WASTE OISPOSAL FARM W *00 71 0329 TREATMENT UISPOSAL OF HATCHERY WASTES KEYWORDS POULTRY INCINERATION WASTE TREATMENT OISPOSAL HA *°2 II St?= T.ltiu^T. A^MAL "ASU "»N»GEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT 200 69 0169 TREATMENTS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS LPON OISESTIBIL1TY OF RUMINANT FECES KEYWORDS CATTLE 300 69 0735 TREATMENTS SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION PONO KEYWORD SETTLING- 600 71 0271 TREATMENTS GROWING CORN IN GROWTH CHAMBERS WITH DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS KEYWORDS DISPOSAL CR 202 IJ SfS; T.l.T.fllT ™,c=o... ^RICULTURAL-BENEFITS "o* «»»»i POLLUTION-CONTROL KEYWORDS SEWAGE-TREATMENT TREATMEN 300 71 06J9 TREATMENT-DISPOSAL USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNOW 200 69 0704 TREATMENT-FACILITI HANDLING, STORAGE. ANO TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CONFINED SYSTEMS K 300 67 12*9 TREATMENT-FACILITI AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS 300 69 1061 TREATMENT-FACILITI RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L 300 71 0*57 TREATMENT-FACILITI OISPOSAL OF LIOUIO WASTES FROM PARLORS ANO MILK MOUSES KEYWORD AEROBIC-TREATMENT SPRI 300 7l iS!S JJfiJUIUJ'^.ili DEJE»-OPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDWA 100 69 0037 TREATMENT-PROCESSE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY-ACT 600 PHOSP 300 *9 1210 TREES MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 300 71 1106 TREES MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO 100 69 1198 TREE-BARK CHEMICAL ANO OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS 200 Tl 0828 TRENCHES OISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP PLOWING KEYWORDS DEEP-TILLAGE COST-COMPARISONS CROP-P 200 66 015* TRENDS FARM-WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE .KEYWORDS DISPOSAL OXIDATION-PITCH FAMI 200 66 0135 TRICKLING-FILTERS TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE }00 71 0732 TR CKL NG-F LTERS CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORD ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS DAIRY-INDUS! 600 72 1001 TRICKLING-FILTERS INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FILTER FOR SWINE WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT AEROBIC-TREATM 100 72 1215 TRITIUM AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE 100 ™ Sno!! l\ «rcc Ao£.:'JE!!NiL **STeN*TEfl KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOO TS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAG 600 70 0098 TS BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COO BOO TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE 100 73 10*9 TUBER-BLACKENING MANURING OF POTATOES ON P£N SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND LINCOLNSHIRE KEYWORDS TE"P"»IURE l*° I? !««! JnSir f n< A2hhiTI«»POTeNTIAL °F "t-''ONI0 F1SH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES fISH-HATCHERIES SALMON 300 71 1055 TUBIFICIDS ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER 100 69 0035 TURBIDITY I?"™6"1 OF "EF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REuIE MWWOS %So COO " «PTIC-TAN 200 TO 0795 TURBIDITY FEEDLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYWORD WASTE-TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 T2 1021 TURKEYS APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS *00 Tl 0505 TURKEYS CONFINEMENT-REARING OF TURKEYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSYCHROMTRicS CONTROL 300 Tl 1126 TURTLES """"J" R'V" E"LOGY LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT 1971 KEYWORDS BORON NUTRIENT-REOUIREMEN 100 62 0480 TVS CAGE AND KENNEL WASTEWATER KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS BOD TS TVS CHARACTERISTICS CAG 600 70 0098 TVS BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH KEYWORDS COD BOD TS TVS PH 00 TEMPERATURE 100 73 116* TYPHIMURIUM SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN I SALMONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA FECES ANO EGGS FOLLOWIN *00 70 0268 UITIMATE-OISPOSAL MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS WASTE-DISPOSAL UITIMATE-01SPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE F 100 70 0112 UK ^??E|!II TREN°S IN "RM "STE O'5"05*1- KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS EXCRETION UK ODOR POPULATION 200 70 0235 UK ORIG NS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES KEYWORDS OISPOSAL COSTS LEGAL-ASPECTS ECONOMICS UK 200 70 0236 UK ORIGINS ANO NATURE OF FARM WASTES DISCUSSION KEYWORDS DISPOSAL LEGISLATION SEWERS UK- 200 TO 0238 UK THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM ANIMAL HEALTH KEYWORDS DISEASE UK PATHOGEN C LAGOONS SLURRIE 200 TO 02*0 UK WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE OISPOSAL KEYWORDS L 200 70 02*1 UK SEWERS ANO SEWAGE TREATMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION DESIGN-CRITERIA ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CAP 200 TO 02*3 UK MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS COSTS OISPOSAL OOOR BOD UK FERTILIZERS SLU 200 70 02*5 UK MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE KEVWOROS SLURRIES OISPOSAL COSTS CONFINEKENT 200 70 02*4 UK BUILDING DESIGN KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT COSTS DESIGN GASES OISPOSAL LAGOONS BUILOINGi STO 100 72 1235 ULTIMATE-BOO BOO DETERMINATIONS ON FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMICAL-OXYGEN- 200 69 0199 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES KEYWORD 300 71 1238 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAUUC-TwSsP 300 71 1257 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYWORDS 600 73 11*7 ULTIMATE-DISPOSAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE ULTIMATE-D1SPO 200 71 0651 UNITED ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED KINGOON KEYWORDS REUSE DEHYDRATION WASTE-TREATHEN >100 70 119* UNITED-KINGDOM REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPH CAT ON UOO 70 1233 UNITED-KINGDOM LOSSES OF NITROGEN ANO PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC 'IOC 71 1214 UNITED-KINGDOM THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-WASTES WATER-POLLUTION 1200 70 023* UNITED-KINGDOM FARM WASTES KEYWORDS DISPOSAL UNITED-KINGDOM SLURRIES BOO COD DO ODOR COSTS EQUIPMENT 200 6* 12*0 UNITED-STATES THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA CCLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E 200 69 OS36 UNIVERSITIES ROLE OF UNIVERSITY-EXTENSION KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES WATER-POLLUT !200 72 1022 UNIVERSITY-OF-NEBR RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY 300 70 12*7 UNLIMATE-OISPOSAL OISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO 300 71 1057 UPPER-NEOSHO-RIVER EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ESPECIALLY FROM FEEOLOTS ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASI 100 70 10*1 URBANIZATION STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY ANO NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC 100 70 0228 URBAN-FRINGE RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN FRINGE KEYWORDS OOOR LEGAL-ASPECTS PLANNING MANAGEMENT JOO 70 108* URBAN-REFUSE CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE 300 71 1081 URBAN-REFUSE CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWASE-SLUOGE FARM-WASTES AGRICULTU 200 69 1167 URBAN-RURAL-INTERF AGRICULTURAL WASTES A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KEYWORDS POLLUTION WASTE-DISPOSAL AGRICULTURA 200 TO 0222 UREA THE NITROGEN-CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZATION FOLIAR-APPLICATION 200 Tl 1033 UREA NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY KEYWORDS NITROGEN INDUSTRY FERTILIZERS WATER-POLIUTION AMMONIA FAR 100 TO 103T UREAS NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS AND THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS 100 TO 0260 URIC GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS 169 image: ------- 200 69 0190 600 72 10T6 100 71 0303 100 7} 1088 100 69 0693 100 TO 0027 100 70 1251 100 71 0303 100 71 1221 100 71 1232 200 66 0155 300 6B 1123 200 70 0322 200 71 0596 200 71 0599 200 71 0620 400 71 1172 200 72 1012 200 72 1028 100 64 0072 100 70 0028 100 70 0723 100 71 0680 200 69 0055 200 69 0172 400 -71 0262 500 70 0403 100 63 1064 700 70 1066 200 66 0140 100 60 0059 100 69 0086 100 70 0413 100 71 0316 200 66 0153 200 69 0202 200 70 0220 200 71 0282 200 71 0847 30g 49 1210 400 66 0088 100 70 0027 600 69 1160 200 69 0189 100 66 0506 200 66 0118 300 TO 1104 200 71 0804 600 72 1151 100 71 0683 100 71 0695 200 68 0760 200 69 0196 200 72 1018 300 70 0206 400 65 1142 400 70 0308 400 71 0297 400 71 0505 400 73 1178 600 71 0494 600 72 1191 600 71 0494 300 70 0385 300 71 1238 200 69 1102 200 71 0602 200 71 0617 100 71 0307 500 70 0402 100 71 0742 200 68 1242 200 68 1244 200 69 1102 200 71 0812 600 72 1151 600 70 0080 600 70 0080 100 71 0261 200 66 0134 200 66 0138 100 69 0363 600 72 1004 200 66 0135 200 69 0168 200 69 0193 600 69 1160 100 69 0103 400 73 1178 600 72 1156 600 73 1075 100 70 1211 100 65 0066 100 69 0363 200 69 0197 300 69 0006 400 64 0358 400 65 0332 400 66 0380 400 68 0101 URIC-4CIU URIC-ACID URI NARY URINARY-NITROGEN URINE URINE URINE URINE URINE URINE URINE URINE USDA USOA USDA USOA USDA US-OEPARTMENT-OF-A US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RES UTILIZATION UTILIZATION UTILIZATION UTILIZATION UTILIZATION UTILIZATION UTILIZATION UTILIZATION U-S-DEPARTMENT-OF- VACTERIA VACUUM VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VANILMANDELIC-ACID VANT-HOFF-ARRHENUI VAPOR-DILUTION VARIATION VECTOR VECTROS-BIOLOGY VELOCITY VELOMETER-TEST VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION VENTILATION-SYSTEM VETERINARY-DIAGONO VIBRATING-SCREEN VIRAL-REMOVAL VIRGINIA VIRGINIA VIRUS VIRUS VIRUSES VIRUSES VIRUSES VIRUSES VIRUSES VIRUS-PNEUMONIA-IN VISCOMETERS VISCOSITY VOLATILE VOLATILE VOLATILE VOLATILEODOR-TRANS VOLATILE-ORGANIC-A VOLATILE-SOLIDS VOLATILE-SOLIDS VOLATILE-SOLIDS VOLATILE-SOLIDS VOLATILITY VOLATILITY VOLATILITY VOLATILITY VOLTAGE VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME KEYWORD INDEX MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AN HIGH-TEMPERATURE HIGH-PRESSURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EXCRETA KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTR METABOLIC FATE OF UBlOUINONE-T KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CMEMICAt OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION 0 IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ESTROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE K EFFECT OF STRESS ON SHINE HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON. VANILMANOEL1C ACID AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER- METABOLIC FATE OF UBIOUINONE-7 KEYWORDS RADIOACTIVITY URINE LABORATORY TESTS CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION t FLAMELESS WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-HATER-TREA PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES KEYWORDS L10UID-W A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH KEYWORDS GRANTS USDA RESEARCH-FUNDS ENVIRONME SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS KEYWORDS RUNOFF REGULATION FEEOLOTS STATE-OFFICIAL EPA THE MINNESOTA SCENE LIVESTOCK FEEOLOTi WASTE CONTROL. PROGRESS—PROBLEMS KEYWORDS REG RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENCIE OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FEEDS EFFLUENT CATTLE REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-ANO-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK AREA DIRECTORS SUMMARY KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES MANAGEMENT FEED-LOTS US-MEAT-ANIMAL-RESEARC A NOTE ON THE UTILIZATION BY" CHICKbNS U> tNtHbt I-HUH MbttS UtTWUHUS BTTETT~50RGUUB HIM HOUSEFLY LARVAE 8IODESRADATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS KEYWORDS FEEDING VALUE OF CATTLE MANURE FOR CATTLE KEYWORDS REUSE UTILIZATION ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL WASTE KEYWORDS TRANSPORTATION PROCES MISSION IMPOSSIBLE DISPOSAL ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION MANAGEM SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW-FURROW-COVER METHOD WASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-HAS ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION KEYWORDS COLLECTION STORAGE TREATMENT UT TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND HORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION KEYWORDS DEWATERING VACUUM SEWAGE SLUD THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE KEYWORDS DISPOSAL VALUE STORAGE CN-RATIO COMPOSTIN THE APPARENT-DIGESTIBILITY OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN IN TOPLAN DRIED-POULTRY-MANURE KEYWO VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY HASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS KEYWORDS WASTE-TREATMENT DIG RUNOFF, SOLID HASTES, AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEEOLCTS KEYWORDS COO BOD DO SOIL-C POULTRY MANURE MARKETING KEYWORDS FERTILIZER BAGGING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES VALUE ANAL ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS KEYWORDS COST THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEE SEDIMENT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED STUDIES OF PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINA MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS 0 POULTRY-MANURE DISPOSAL - IS THERE A PKOBLEM KEYWORDS COSTS NUTRIENTS VALUE FERTILIZER EFFECT Of STRESS ON SWINE HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON VANILMANOELIC ACID CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURfACE-RUNOFF DISS MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR-STRENGTH VAPO CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF IT S NATURE AND VARIATION KEYWORDS BOD COD FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBLIC-HEALT FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES KEYWORDS DISEASES VECTROS-BIOLOGV IMPROVING WATER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE REMOVAL KEYWORDS IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES K ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE KEYWORDS SYSTEM CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS USING SOLID-STATE CONTROLS KEYWORD COMF1 HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON GESTATING SWINE KEYWORD CONFINEMENT-PENS VENT THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION KEYWORDS NITROGEN CARS EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF A-NINAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC-TANKS KEYWORDS SLUDGE DIGESTION VENTILATION A WASTE CAUSED AIR POLLUTANTS ARE MEASURED IN SWINE BUILDINGS KEYWORDS VENTILATION SWINE- DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-HASTES SLOTTEO-FLOOR VENTILA BROODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT KEYWORDS POULTRY FARM-WASTES VENTILATION PIT STORACE CONFINEMENT-REARING OF TURKEYS KEYWORDS VENTILATION MANAGEMENT PSYCHROMETRICS CONTROL ODOR CONTROL HAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES OAIRY-INDUSTRY CO A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES K A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFCTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NH3 CONCENTRATIONS IN AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW KEVW CLOSED SYSTEM HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS VIBRATING-SCREEN HYORAUL1C-TRANSP MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0 STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RUNOFF LAWS FEEDLOT V THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA KEYWORDS POULTRY AOM1N1STRAT ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM HEL10THIS-ARMIGERA AND ITS PERISTENCE IN AVIAN FECES DISEASE TRANSMISSION OF WATER-BORN ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN KEYWORDS PATHOLOGY HATE INFECTIONS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLATION FROM FECES A THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS HATER-REUSE PATHOGEN SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENS AND RELATED DISEASE HAZARDS KEYWORDS HAZARDS IRRIGATION-WATER REC MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZATION POND KEYWORDS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT MICROBIOLOGY 0 PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION KEYWORDS VIRUSES SHINE SLU ' IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILITIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES K FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES KEYWORDS VISCOSITY FLOW-CHARACTERISTICS SHEA ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES DAIRY BULL, SWINE,AND POULTRY KEYWORDS SLUD OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC OAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEY* DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGOONS FOR SHINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS COO BOO TEMP ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEVHORDS GAS-CHROM CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED OAIRY MANURE KEYWORDS TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT KEYWORDS BOO LABORATORY TE AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS-TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT OR ION CHARACTERISTICS OF AOUEOUS SOLUTION OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS BOO PH REDOX-POTENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS SURFACE-RUNOFF DISS NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE HATER BY ABSORPTION OF AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE f ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN KEYWORDS ODOR LIVESTOCK FARM-WASTES DAIRY-INDUSTRY CO SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS THE EFFECT OF RATION ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULTUKAL-ENGI THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AND SURFACE-AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR ODOR-TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE-MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY-HOUSES KEYWORDS GAS-CHROM REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES KEYWORDS POULTRY CDOR MOISTURE-CONTENT WEIGHT VO SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HUG HASTES-FACT SHEET KEYWORDS Dt TREATMENT OF FARM-EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS DAIRY HOGS BOO VOLUME WASTE-WATER SURFACE-HATER HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID-MANURE KEYWORDS DAIRY-CATTLE SLURRY STORAGE-TANKS AGITATION VOL TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT KEYWORDS ORGANIC-WASTES VOLUME ORGANIC-MATTER GRASS-BELTS P MANURE MANAGEMENT - COSTS AND PRODUCT FORMS KEYWORDS CATTLE MARKETING VOLUME PROFIT PR 17(J image: ------- 600 73 1075 VOLUMETRIC-ANALYSI 200 72 101B VOLUNTARY-HASTE-CO •100 68 0087 VS 200 66 0121 VS TuO 70 0231 VS 100 63 1064 V-C-13 100 70 1111 WADING-UIRDS 300 71 1119 HALDORF-AERATOK 200 69 0194 WARBURG 400 71 1131 WARM-BARN 200 72 1017 WARM-SLOT-HOUSING 200 71 0860 WASHING 1UO 71 1236 WASHINGTON ICO 70 1237 WASHINGTON 100 65 0263 WASTE 100 66 0478 WASTE 100 68 0481 WASTE 100 69 0416 WASTE 100 70 0260 WASTE 100 70 0420 WASTE 100 70 1195 WASTE 200 66 0438 WASTE 300 69 0633 WASTE 400 69 0419 WASTE 400 69 0419 WASTE 400 70 0268 WASTE 400 71 0267 WASTE 400 71 0327 WASTE 400 71 0329 WASTE 400 71 0435 WASTE 100 71 0751 WASTELAGE 200 69 0171 WASTELAGE 200 71 0845 WASTELAGE 100 63 0436 WASTES 100 64 0474 WASTES 100 65 1219 WASTES 100 66 0437 WASTES 100 66 0473 WASTES 100 68 0306 WASTES 100 68 0381 WASTES 100 70 0413 WASTES 100 70 0418 WASTES 100 71 0569 WASTES 200 66 0140 HASTES 200 67 1243 WASTES 200 70 1118 HASTES 200 71 0665 HASTES 200 71 1099 WASTES 300 53 1206 HASTES 300 68 1122 HASTES 300 69 1060 WASTES 300 69 1129 HASTES 300 69 1203 HASTES 300 70 1248 HASTES 400 69 0419 HASTES 400 71 1139 HASTES 300 72 1085 HASTES-CHARACTERIS 100 72 1188 HASTES-GASES 300 69 1125 HASTES-MANAGEMENT 300 71 0744 HASTEWATER 200 70 0747 UASTEUATER-OISPOSA 700 72 1048 HASTEHATER-DISPOSA 200 70 0670 HASTEHATER-TREATME 200 70 0747 UASTEHATER-TREATME 300 70 0489 HASTEWATER-TREATME 700 72 1048 HASTEHATER-TREATME 200 71 0835 HASTE-ASSIMILATIVE 300 70 1036 HASTE-ASSIMILATIVE 200 71 0660 HASTE-BYPRODUCTS 100 68 1229 HASTE-CHARACTERIST 200 71 0709 HASTE-DILUTION 300 70 1192 WASTE-DILUTIONS 100 62 1220 HASTE-DISPOSAL 100 71 0266 HASTE-DISPOSAL 10O 71 1214 HASTE-DISPOSAL 100 71 1228 HASTE-DISPOSAL 100 73 1069 HASTE-DISPOSAL 100 73 1162 WASTE-DISPOSAL 100 73 1184 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 67 1243 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 69 0159 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 69 0522 HASTE-DISPOSAL 200 69 1116 HASTE-DISPOSAL 200 69 1167 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 69 1185 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 70 0720 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 70 0755 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 70 1159 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 70 1175 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 0660 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 0664 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 0733 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 0763 HASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 0769 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 0779 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 0834 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 1094 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 71 1096 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 72 1010 WASTE-DISPOSAL 200 72 1011 WASTE-DISPOSAL KEYWORD INDEX MANURE STACKING KEVHORSs WASTE ™S« W»TC n?con?*STE ™E»™E"T HASTE DISPOSAL FARM W WASTE MANAGEMENT WHA? ools ?J ^DS?" K^v^^f.-""™!" "il'?*1!:?!?"0?*!: ""TE-STORAGE F fsrisss s'san.i»B!s,vssa : I ' BBS saaujfrs^ja-as,':^ SB "I »'";"""° SUMMER CONflRENCE Of SOCIETY FOR APPLl?n £^22? CATTLE SOIL-OISPOSAL-FIELDS SEPTIC-T LTCi?^r,S,.Y!rf^ ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF Nl"lNG PmSS ««?«"«»!!««" *RIIFI"<-USE WASTE-DISP BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMFNT BonrD?! JfJE5 KEVWOI><» ANAEROBIC-CONDITIONS INDUS IMPLICATIONS OF HATER QUAIITY "« FOR ?ME «F.DLG? °?£S,,«UN'OFF "TTLE ««TE-OILUTION * WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL fr?lSlT«USTRV KEY"ORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS HlTHallSlT ! s ^ r r? w-SPoSAL HASTE-T ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION--NOW AND IN tHf SE!« A«IiVIIiE$ KEV"ORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTES FUTURE-TRENDS IN L WESTOCK-PRQDUCTIoJ KSvJSSnt i?t(.^I?OR°S LE6AL-ASP6CTS OESIGN-STA MANAGING LIVESTOCK nijTES TO CONTROL POLEu¥?SS KE?i««Sin, , "f ""OISPOSAL DAIRY CATTLE AGRICULTURAL HASTES « MANAGEMENT PROBLEM KtSSnSn* Snf? JOLLUT'ON-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOADI ECONOMICS OF HATER POLLUTION CONTROL KErSoftH Sn, , HT?^"'!0. "STE-"I SfOSAL AGRICULTURA PROGRESS REPORT PASTURE . F6RTILIZATION USING POmT.J ??T?JIM'P°ILUTION ECONOMICS HER6I FEEOLOT WASTE IN FLORIDA KEYHORD WA2TE-TREA?2«I I,n, nJ?? KEVWOI(0S FARM-HASTE WASTE- METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYHORDS ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS HATER-LAH UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL HASTES KEY.HORDS ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTK??^ AND" Iri^m S?^" ARTIF'«L-USE WASTE- ALTERNATIVES FOR HASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN "OPER»HON KEYWORDS - KE>ltOROS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES ,n, n - - ?? h?£I^L'TRE*™eNT «*STE-OI SPOSAL i?JeE"ENT ""TE-OISPOSAL HOGS LA 2J'TS FEED-«-"S HASTE-DISPOSAL " " ARTIF'«L-USE WASTE-DISP RE 171 image: ------- 200 72 1012 200 72 1014 200 72 1016 200 72 1019 200 72 1020 200 72 1021 200 72 1022 200 72 1023 200 72 1024 200 72 1025 200 72 1029 200 72 1030 200 73 1062 200 73 1082 200 7) 1083 200 73 1189 300 1077 300 1105 300 26 1204 300 62 0754 300 67 12*9 300 69 1061 300 69 1103 300 69 1160 300 69 1203 300 70 1000 300 70 1036 300 70 1192 300 70 1247 300 70 1248 300 71 0697 300 71 1008 300 71 1106 300 71 1107 300 72 1003 300 72 1157 300 72 1170 300 72 1260 300 72 1264 300 73 1009 400 70 0268 400 70 1132 400 70 1133 400 70 1176 400 71 0262 400 71 0264 400 71 0327 400 71 0435 400 71 0439 400 71 0568 400 71 0753 400 71 1137 400 71 117* 400 71 1196 400 72 1138 400 72 1166 400 72 1171 400 72 1173 400 72 1179 400 73 1007 400 73 1073 400 73 1198 400 73 1183 500 71 1072 600 69 1005 600 72 1031 600 72 1149 600 72 1150 600 72 1156 600 72 1169 600 72 1177 600 72 1262 600 73 1065 700 69 1067 700 70 1066 300 72 1070 400 71 0264 200 70 0326 300 71 1257 300 71 1297 100 72 1193 200 66 0117 200 69 0161 200 69 0525 200 T2 1016 200 72 1069 300 72 1003 400 71 0298 500 70 0410 600 69 1O05 600 T2 1071 500 70 0386 300 71 1081 600 73 1065 700 72 1048 200 71 OS02 200 66 0122 200 68 0724 200 69 0347 200 71 0658 WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL UASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL UASTE-DISPOSAL UASTE-DISPOSAL UASTE-OISPOSAL UASTE-OISPOSAL UASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL UASTE-OISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL UASTE-OISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-OISPOSAL-LAG HASTE-DUMPS WASTE-HANDLING WASTE-HANDLING-ALT HASTE-HANDLING-COS HASTE-IDENTIFICATI NASTE-LOAOS HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT WASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT HASTE-MANAGEMENT-F WASTE-MANAGEMENT-S HASTE-PRODUCTION WASTE-PRODUCTS WASTE-QUALITY WASTE-REUSE WASTE-SLUDGE WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE KEYWORD INDEX REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM KEYWORDS RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT LIVESTOCK APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH EDUCATION ACTION AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS POLLUTION OF AIR WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION SOI APPLICATION UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES FEED-LOTS RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEOLOT RUNOFF-CONTROL SYSTEMS KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK KEYWORDS LIVESTOCK SHEEP CATTLE HOGS NEBRASK OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES PROTEINS RUNOFF FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL CONCLUDING COMMENTS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CROP-PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK SOILS MARKETING HAS RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS RECYCLING FARM-WASTES CATTLE FEED-L CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CATTLE MANURE KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES RECYCLING NITROGEN CAL COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTINUOUS fVROLVSIS OF SOLID WASTES KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES COSTS CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE RETORT-FEASIBILITY STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FARM-WASTES WASTE-OISPO A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS F SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEDLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- OHIO STOCK FOOD COMPANY V GINTLING STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG FARM KEYWORDS NOTES ON UATER POLLUTION WASTE WATERS FROM FARMS KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES IRRIGATION BOD AGRICULTURAL AND RELATED WASTES CONTROL KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL KANSAS DOMESTIC-ANIMALS RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS WASTE HATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOWA FARM-WASTES L ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION STUDY KEYWORDS CATTLE FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL RUN FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE THE UNSEEN FOE IN THE WAR ON POLLUTION KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTIO IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES KEYWORDS OREGON INDUSTRIAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL POLLUTIO LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO HATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS ROLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF KEYWORD WATER-POLLUTION FARM-LAGOON ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CONTROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL R MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE HATER-POLLUTION-CO WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF PART 6 KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL-C CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION HA CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDE KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DESIGN M POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERT1LIZ PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL KEYWORDS AIR-POLLUTION FEED-LOTS FARM-WASTES AEROBIC STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-HASTES MANURE STACKING KEYWORDS WASTE DUMPS HASTE-DISPOSAL UIT1MATE-DISPOSAL HASTE-STORAGE F THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA KEYHOROS WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-TREATMENT RECYCLING FARM-HASTES. POLLUTION CRACKDOWN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS REGULATION WASTE-DISPOSAL RECYCLING ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANIMAL-WASTES WASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES HASTE HANDLING WHAT ARE THE CHOICES KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL CATTLE-WASTE STORAGE-HAS HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DUMPS FAR RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIENTS' KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL DRIED-POULTRY THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO THE MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEOLOT POLLUTION KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL AIR-POLLUTIO DEAD BIRD DISPOSAL BY RENDERING KEYWORDS CHICKENS BY-PRODUCTS ARTIFICAL-USE WASTE-OIS MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND SOLO AT A PROFIT KEYWORD FEEDLOT CATTLE MARKET-VALUE HAST REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL HATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED LIQUID HASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-HASTES FEEO-L CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAHS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB HOUSED CONFINEMENT AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA KEYHORDS HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACRE KEVHORDS ANIMAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL HOGS CATTLE MONFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FOR TILE AND PLASTIC KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS PLASTICS TILES NEW ODOR CONTROL PRODUCT KEVHORDS ODOR HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS LAGOONS OXYGEN NITROGEN THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT RUN OFF KEYWORDS FARM-HASTE HASTE-DISPOSAL FEED-LOTS SETT FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR MANURE ECONOMICS KEYHORDS FARM-HASTES ECONOM NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS KEYWORDS NITRATES FARM-WASTES LYS 00 YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF HASTE-STORAGE HAST CONFINEMENT IN ARIZONA KEYHOROS FARM-MANAGEMENT FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS FEED-LOTS HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES SEWAGE HASTE-DISPOSAL IRRFG FACILITY DESIGN KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES ELECTRIC IN-HOUSE DRYING OF POULTRY WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY ODOR NUTRIENTS RECYCLING FAR MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS POLLUTION-ABATEMENT RUNOF OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-STORAGE STA SEEPAGE LOSSES AND FERTILIZER PRESERVATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE KEYWORDS CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIVING LARGE MANURE APPLICATIONS KEVHORDS APPLICATION-METHODS DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEOLOT WASTES ONTO CROPLAND KEYWORDS FARM-HASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL CATTL CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS CLIMATES FEED-LOTS EFFECTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS KEYHOROS FARM-HASTES ODOR H HATER POLLUTION BY SHINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR PERIOCIDITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-OISPOS HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED KEYWORDS HASTE-DISPOSAL HASTE-DUMPS FAR AGRICULTURAL-WASTE RESEARCH-NEEDS KEYWORDS ENVIRONMENT ODOR HASTE-HANDLING SURVEYS RE EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYHOROS EVALUATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES KEYHORDS CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYHOR DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE KEYWORDS POULTRY OUCKS BOO COLIFORNS LONG-ISLAND PROCESSING-PL* THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL HASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-MANAGEN ENGINEERING-RESEARCH ON FARM-ANIMAL-MANURE KEYWORDS ODORS BIOLOGICAL-TREATMENT HASTE- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF KEYWORDS CONDUCTIVITY FARM-WASTES RUNOFF TH A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLV PROCESSED SHINE WASTES KEYWORDS CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS DESIGN-CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTION HA MANAGING SWINE WASTES TO PREVENT POLLUTION KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS WASTE-WATER-OISP ALLIANCE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS HATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGISTRATION INVENTORY WASTE-NA FACILITY DESIGN KEYHORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATEH-POLLUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-HASTES A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SHINE MANURE KEVHORDS INTRODUCTION ISSUES IN FOOD-PRODUCTION AND CLEAN HATER KEYHORDS ENVIRONMENT FEEOLOTS CONVERTING ORGANIC HASTES TO OIL KEYHORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-HASTES AGRICULTU EFFECTS OF SHINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYHOROS SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBICALLY TREATED SHINE HASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONC AUTOMATED HANOLlNGi TREATMENT AND-RECYCLING OF WASTE HATER FROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-HASTE MATERIAL KEYUORDS ODOH POULTRY HASTE-STORAGE OISPO GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE KEYWORDS POULTRY CONFJN CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYHOROS CATTLE FARM LAGOONS IRRIGATION HAS MOISTURE REMOVAL KEYHOROS DRYING DEHYDRATION ABSORPTION UASTE-STORAGE INCINERATION RE 172 image: ------- 200 71 0662 iOO 71 0733 200 71 0769 200 71 0821 2UO 71 0822 200 71 082) 200 71 083* 200 71 0835 200 71 0836 200 71 0841 200 72 1010 2oO 72 1012 200 72 1020 300 67 1253 300 69 1180 300 71 0671 300 72 11S7 tOO 70 0261 400 70 0419 400 TL 1136 400 73 1198 400 73 1178 600 69 1009 660 72 1004 600 72 1150 600 72 1196 600 73 107S 700 69 1067 300 68 1123 600 72 1071 100 65 1219 100 70 0413 100 71 0266 100 71 0729 100 73 1184 200 t>a 1244 200 69 0161 200 69 0947 200 69 0963 ZOO 69 1185 200 70 0728 200 70 0747 200 70 0799 200 70 1119 200 70 1179 200 71 0642 200 71 0691 200 71 0779 200 71 0810 200 71 1033 200 72 1010 200 T2 1011 200 72 1012 200 72 1014 200 72 1017 SCO 72 1020 200 T2 1024 300 67 1293 300 69 1103 300 70 1192 300 70 1248 300 Tl 0677 300 71 1297 300 72 1197 300 72 1260 300 72 1264 400 70 0419 4OO 70 1132 400 71 0327 400 71 0686 400 71 1172 400 71 1174 400 72 1130 400 72 1171 400 72 1173 400 73 1140 500.68 1299 600 69 1009 600 72 1001 600 72 1071 600 72 1076 600 72 1163 600 73 1079 700 70, 1109 100 69 0060 200 71 0829 300 72 1070 400 64 0398 100 67 1218 100 69 1231 300 69 1061 300 70 1247 400 68 0032 400 71 0298 200 68 1244 400 73 1168 300 68 1209 700 70 1046 700 70 1296 100 68 1229 WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE UASTt-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STOKAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE HASTE-STORAGE WASTE-STORAGES WASTE-TRANSPORT WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTErTREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT 'HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT , WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT . WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT. WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT-AL HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT • WASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT HASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-TREATMENT WASTE-HATER WASTE-HATER HASTE-HATER WASTE-HATER HASTErWATER-DISPOS HASTE-HATER-OISPOS WASTE-UATER-DISPOS WASTE-HATER-D1SPOS HASTE-HATER-DISm HASTE-HATER-DISPOS HASTE-WATER-IRRlttA WASTE-WATER-IRR1GA HASTE-WATER-POLLUT HASTE-HATER-POLLUT HASTE-WATER-PpLLUr HASTE-HATER-TREATM KEYWORD INDEX i i - £« "^E" ^?Rss:Hs^ERu?pg;!:s??ONNii!;Soa^AB??R T73 image: ------- 100 70 0299 100 70 1040 100 70 1227 100 70 1230 100 71 10*7 100 71 1228 100 71 1232 100 T2 1129 100 73 1128 100 73 1184 200 70 1113 200 70 1114 200 72 1054 200 72 1192 300 6B 1123 300 69 1061 300 71 0639 300 71 1119 400 71 1136 600 73 1147 700 70 1046 700 70 1109 100 66 1080 100 68 0461 100 68 0481 100 69 0416 100 69 0679 100 70 0031 100 70 0365 200 64 1240 200 66 0436 200 70 0242 200 72 1089 300 1077 300 68 0741 300 70 1084 300 71 1081 300 72 1260 400 71 0339 400 71 1135 300 69 1103 100 69 0061 100 71 1212 200 71 0282 300 71 1058 100 71 1212 300 71 1096 300 71 0466 300 71 1100 300 64 1110 400 69 1225 100 70 1211 200 71 0781 400 70 0109 100 71 0674 100 70 1194 300 1105 200 70 1175 300 71 1246 100 68 0090 200 70 0727 300 70 1192 700 72 1049 300 70 0384 300 1105 100 67 0076 100 62 1220 100 66 1080 100 67 0076 100 67 1218 100 68 1121 100 69 1042 100 69 1198 100 69 1231 100 70 0102 100 70 1037 100 70 1041 100 70 1051 100 70 1194 100 70 1195 100 70 1217 100 70 1217 100 70 1233 100 70 1251 100 71 0722 100 71 1038 100 71 1039 10O 71 1212 100 71 1214 1DO 71 1223 100 71 1236 100 72 1097 100 72 1193 100 72 121! 100 72 1224 100 73 10B7 100 73 1184 140 70 1237 200 66 0118 200 66 0120 HASTE-WATER-TREATM HASTE-WATER-TREATM HASTE-WATER-TREATM HASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM HASTE-WATER-TREATM WASTE-WATER-TREATM HATER HATER HATER HATER HATER HATER WATER HATER HATER HATER HATER WATER HATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATERCOURSES-LEGAL WATERSHEDS WATERSHEDS WATERSHEDS WATERSHEDS-BASINS WATERSHED-MANAGEHE WATER-ALLOCATION-P WATER-ANALYSIS HATER-ANALYSIS HATER-BLOOM HATER-CONSERVATION HATER-CONSUMPTION WATER-CONSUMPTION WATER-CONSUMPTION HATER-CONTENT HATER-DEMAND HATER-FOWL WATER-LAW WATER-LAW WATER-LEVEL WATER-MANAGEMENT HATER-MANAGEMENT-A WATER-MANAGEMENT-A HATER-MEASUREMENT WATER-POLICY WATER-POLLUTANTS WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-TR WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION-EF HATER-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION-EF WATER-POLLUTIQN-SO HATER-POLLUTION-CO WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUT ION-SO WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUT I ON-SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUT 10N-EF WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-CO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION KEYWORD INDEX HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY-RUNOFF HASTEWATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS HYDROLOGY WASTE-WATER-TREATME STABILIZATION Of DAIRY WASTES BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDATION PONDS KEYWORDS AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK HASTES LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL-WASTES LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS LITERATURE REVIEW KEYWORDS WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT LAGOONS PO OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT BEEF BUILDING KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES CONFINEMENT-PENS OX ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES DISP> WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES KEYWORDS LABORATORY-ANIMALS WASTE-WATER-TRE* BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT RUNOFF, SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS KEYWORDS USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WASTE TREATMENT AND ANIMAL FEED KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES WASTE-WATER-TR ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES KEYWORDS OXIDATION-LAGOONS FARM-WAS ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS A QUESTIONABLE TREATMENT SYSTEM KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES OXIDATION-LA APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEEOLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS PERFORMANCE OF BEEF ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL ENVIROMENT DURING A FAL A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS HASTE WATER DISPOSAL KEYWORDS IOHA FARM-WASTES L USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUNDW TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PROD FEEDERS HEAR WOES OF CONFINEMENT START KEYWORDS AMMONIA FEED-LOTS WASTE-STORAGE FARM-WA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS SOLID-WASTES STORAGE UlTIMATE-OISPO AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC AN EVALUATION Of AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES NOGS A NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARH-WASTES GROUN RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW ROLE FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE WASTE W RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW ROLE FOR AGRICULTURE KEYWORDS WATER REUSE HASTE W A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING C NITROGEN LOSSES FROM'ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AMMONIA NITR VOLITILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMULATED CATTLE FEEDLOT AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS KEYWORDS WATER SALIN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GRCUP KEYWORDS BACTERIA CQLIFORMS POLLUTANTS SANITARY-E SOIL CHEMICAL CHANGES AND INFILTRATION RATE REDUCTION UNDER SEWAGE SPREADING KEYWORDS MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING KEYWORDS COD BOO REVERS A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEEOLOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROML1VESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACU CONVERSION OF URBAN REFUSE TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING TEMPERATURE SEWAGE-SLUDGE OIL WATE CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL KEYWORDS RECYCLING SEWAGE-SLUDGE FARM-WASTES AGRICUITU NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER POLLUTION RURAL AREAS FERTILU FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS KEYWORDS RECIRCULATED WATER HOSS OXIDATION-DITCH FLUSHI ENGINEER SAYS FEEDERS CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICES KEYWORDS ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS KEYWORDS FERTILIZERS N P K EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER GUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN SFniMFNT EVERYBODY S POLLUTION-PROBLEM KEYWORDS EROSION SEDIMENTATION SCS WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMETICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDW* EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEVWO INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS TEXAS HIGH PLAINS KE DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MERCURY NEUTRO LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLOOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A OUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCt-OEV ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS WATER-SUPPLY AGRICULIURAL-ENG1 ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS KEYWORDS MODEL PHOSPHORUS BOD DUCK AERA SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE KEYWORDS MOISTURE-CONTENT WATER-CONSUMPTION STRAINS CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS ODORS POULTRY WATER-CONTENT CONTR REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS WATER-LAW REGULATION PERMITS FEED-LOTS WASTE-DISPOSAL. FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL CONFINEMENT-PENS CATTLE POLLU W1LSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-LEVEL PREDICTION-EQUATIONS WEIRS EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES KEYWORD DRAINAGE-EFFECTS OE IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEOLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- ECONOMICS OF WATER OUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN A6RICULTU THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF FEEOtOTS KEYWORDS NEBRASKA WATER-POLLUTION- NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS. NITRATES WATER- WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER—A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS NITRATES WATER- FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUALITY-MANAGE WATER POLLUTION FROM LAND RUNOFF KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION INFILTRATION SEDIMENTS THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION IN WATER TREATMENT KEYWORDS SOURCES ANIMAL-WASTES* CHEMICAL ANO OETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER IDAHO RUNOFF FLOWARE KEYWORDS POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF GREAT SOUTH BAY LONG ISLAND. NEW YORK KEYWORDS POLLUTION CONTROL-FEEOLOT OPERATIONS KEYWORDS HOGS CONFINEMENT LABOR WATER-POLLUTION NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE THE PROBLEMS ANO THE EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS. STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS BENEATH URBAN AND AC POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS FISH-HATCHERIES SALMONIDS SOUR REVIEW OF NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FARMS LIVESTOCK PHOSPHO APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREAT10N APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES KEYWORDS AMMONIA EUTROPHICATION NITROGEN ALGAE WATER- THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS A CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND ANO FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE KEYWORDS WASTE-DISPOSAL FARM-HASTES WATER-POLLUTION EFFECT OF OURSBAN IN THE DRINKING WATER Of CHICKS KEYWORDS POULTRY BLOOD OURSBAN CHOHN MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PATH-OF-POLLUTANTS GL NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNOWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS CHARACTERISTICS OF MILKING CENTER WASTE EFFLUENT FROM NEW YORK STATE DAIRY FARMS KEYUOft AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES KE FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FAECAL BACTERIA BACTERIA IN LAND DRAINAGE WATER ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH NITROGEN COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY ARE ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES LIVESTOCK WASTE-DISPOSAL WASTE-T POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON HEALTH ASPECTS ANO VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS PUBL1C-HEALT STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEOLOTS KEYWORDS STORAGE NITROGEN ORGANIC-WASTE RAINFA 174 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX iUO 66 1112 WAFER-POLLUTION-SO CATTLE FEEOLOT KUNOFF NATURE AND 66HAV10R KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION tnn.ru c,,.t.re .. 3 f, iil! ™ BsilTsS ETsSFsSsKii If 1 200 68 1186 WATER-POLLUTION TECHNICAL AND LE6*L CONTROLS FoStHE OlSPOs" OFMml! MSTM M?ySJ« " " "*"" i » KB SSSSiL. s i! is sssisir in ZOO 71 06*4 WATER-POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY AND PRODUCT 1V1T? MYMROS WATEH-WU??? WITH JnM »??™ ZOO 71 1095 WATER-POLLUTION BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURES EFFECTS ON ENVlRONMSmL mm 7?2 tcIiSSJ" " a u is:? KTK5atK!su. sssiK^s-ira,!??7^" h s s d / £" -- "-- »««" 200 71 1234 KATER-POLLUTION-EF SOHE 08SERVATIONS ON THE LIWOLOG? OF A P§NO RECEI??NG ANlS!? w«5«°«iH«« WATE*-|>OL !SS ?! IKi EJS:SK!!!S-M ^r^Sa^ S° r SIS 5 F S J i !§S " IS?? KISS:BttK!S ST^ffiruS^KE^ is? 26 usj KSKiatsiir" 5»! KSc!1^^ s : « s r S ^ ------ jErsKV.^ i6o 30 U05 WATER-POLLUTION SUMMER V OOELL lSjUNC?ION TO ?««..? 5mr»??nl;«C? "* U'P" RIP*RI»" H06 FARM ss n mi wtx^w &iisvK?i5S r? ' L j i A • 2¥ s' ?sg s IKS SBKSSKSS ssasfoT.'i s ; s S? : S .Tt K srs" in = ;« - -lK |0°S Jg JiK SJSS:Stt»!S JSTSgSSS, BTSS Sffi."^ lS S ? SSs,S 3 1 ? ? j " &>SSX K i I i illL ° } " "" o T ss ?} JBS KJsr-stsssso0 KfaJSK?B,,oi1'ss!aK ?ra!wri! i? « s H L ss Fs Fr?s - •------- L0 1% ?! JJ2 SSgSatSISSS ^.T^-JSi&S^T^ US? i S sS SS S i K JOO 72 1003 WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FEEOLOTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS S«??2 «f?»!7 "* C* JOO 72 1052 WATER-POLLUTION-SO EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIC^TO SOIlf ON SU|F«E WO MCUNOWATM «s?«^ ?«UIION "* 300 73 1009 WATER-POLLUTION STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-PO??U??nN ?A??^ til °R°S 400 65 U?7 WATER-POLLUTION-SO WHY NITRATES IN HATER SUPPLIES KEYWORDS NITRATES FEED-LOTS FERmimSFwS wi5?« SI« 400 65 11*1 WATER-POLLUTION-SO NITRATES DANCER FOR HUMANS. TOO KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS NITRATES F«M !!I?tt J?f *00 67 1226 WATER-POLLUTION-SO PHOSPHORUS t HATER POLLUTION KEYWORDS PHOSPHORS M5SlIoM?lS"»TeI"J"u?lSJI:MSI"s SE 175 image: ------- 400 68 0229 400 69 10*5 400 69 1225 400 70 0046 400 70 1176 400 71 1137 400 71 11*3 400 71 11*4 400 71 1174 400 71 1196 400 73 1063 4UO 73 1158 500 70 OJ88 500 70 0396 500 70 0404 500 70 0408 500 70 0410 500 70 0411 500 71 1072 500 71 1Z55 600 69 100S 600 73 1065 700 70 1046 700 70 1066 700 70 1109 700 71 1120 700 72 1049 100 70 1111 100 68 1123 100 66 1080 100 67 1218 100 67 1258 100 69 0375 100 70 1217 100 71 0453 100 71 04«4 100 71 0681 100 71 0722 100 71 1038 100 71 1039 100 71 1212 100 72 1097 200 66 0144 200 69 0158 200 69 0423 200 69 0426 200 69 0523 200 69 0708 200 69 1116 200 69 1117 200 70 0226 2UO 70 111B 200 71 0463 200 71 0642 200 71 0644 200 71 0650 200 71 077* 200 71 0829 200 71 1252 200 72 1108 300 30 1205 300 53 1206 300 64 1110 300 69 0093 300 69 1060 300 69 1103 300 69 1203 300 70 1248 300 71 1055 500 71 1056 300 73 1009 500 70 0409 900 70 0411 600 72 1071 100 69 0037 200 69 0181 200 69 0545 200 71 0663 100 70 1192 400 68 0038 200 69 0546 300 53 1206 300 69 1060 300 69 1203 300 70 1201 400 71 1196 TOO 72 1049 100 67 1218 !00 69 0530 MO 70 1237 200 71 0611 200 71 0613 300 71 1055 JUO 71 1056 400 69 1225 100 73 1263 100 68 1242 100 68 1123 100 69 1103 MO 71 1106 WATER-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION- SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-CO KAFER- POLLUTION-CO WATER-POLLUTION MAT ER-POLLUr ION-CO WATEK-POLLUTION-CO WATER-POLLUTION WATER- POLLUTION-CO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION HATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION- SO WATER-POLLUTION-CO HATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION- SO WATER-POLLUTION WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATEK-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLLUTION-SO WATER-POLYCHLOKINA WATER-PURIFICATION WATER-QUALITY WATER-OUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-OUALITY WATEH-QUALITY HATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATEH-QUALITY WATER-OUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATEK-OUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-OUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-OUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-OUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-QUALITY WATER-OUALITY-ACT WATER-QUALITY-ACT WATER-QUALITV-ACT WATER-QUALITY-ACT WATER-QUALITY-ACT WATER-QUALITY-ACT WATER-OUALITY-CONT WATER-QUALITY-CONT WATER-QUALITY-CONT WATER-QUALITY-CONT WATER-QUALITY-CONT WATER-QUALITY-CONT WATER-QUALITY-CONT WATER-OUAL1TY-MANA WATER-OUALITY-STAN WATER-REQUIREMENTS WATER-RESOURCES-DE WATER-RESOURCES-DE WATER-RESOURCES WATER-RESOURCE-INV WATER-RESOURCE-DEV WATER-RESTRICTION WATER-REUSE WATER-REUSE WATER-REUSE WATER-REUSE KEYWORD INDEX THE FARM ROLE IN WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEDIMENT FERTILIZERS WATER-POLLUTIO) AGRICULTURES CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE KEYWORDS EUTROPHICAT tON NU CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV FARM WASTE DISPOSAL - AMENITY AND GOOD NE IGHBOURLlNESS KEYWORDS ODOR WATER-POLLUTION BU ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL KEYWORDS ANWAL-WASTES HASTE-DISPOSAL WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES REGISTRATION IS REOUIRED AS GOVERNMENT MOVES TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION FROM LARGE FEED A LOVELY MEW SCENT FOR MANURE KEYWORDS Al k-POLLUT ION SAGEBRUSH FARM-WASTES ODOR CONFINEMENT FEEDING PROS. CONS, AND TIPS KEYWORDS RUNOFF WATER-POLLUTION AIR-POLLUTION LltUIO WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER KEYWORDS AQUIFER CATTLE FARM-WASTES FEED-L CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER-POLLUTION NITRATES PHOSPHATES DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE EM OR CAN YOU LEAVE EM KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS' RUNOFF WASTE-STORAGE WAST CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN WATER KEYWORDS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS WATER-POLLUTION CLAYS ORG IHE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN WATER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE KEYWORDS DOT SOURCES CONCENTRATION MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL-POLLUTANTS WITH GROUNDWATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION ZONE-OF- LEGAL-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION PESTICIDES SILTING FERTILIZERS POINT-SOURCES N ALLIANCE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION FEEDLOTS REGI STRATION INVENTORY WASTE-MA ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND COALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-QUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVl HUJAN JND ANIMAL 'WASTES AS FERTILIZERS KEYWOpDS FARM-WASTES SEWASEWASTE-OISF-OSAL IRR1G CATTLE KEYWOSOS ANIMAL-DISEASES CAiiLt i-btu-iuii FARH-HASTES WATER- - FACILITY DESIGN KEYWORDS FEED-LOTS RUNOFF WATER-POILUTION-CONTROL DESIGN FARM-WASTES EFF6CTS OF SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT OF THE SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE KEYWORDS AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNIC WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS KEYWORDS EFFLUENT WASTE-DISPOSAL HYDROGR AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES KEYWORDS FARM-WASTES HOGS A SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CENTRAL NEW JERSEY STK ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU POLYCHLOR1NATED 8IPHENYLS KEYWORDS CHLORINATEO-HYOROCARBON-PESTICIOES FOOD-CHAINS PESTI A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL WATER--A REVIEW KEYWORDS NITROGEN WATER FARM-WASTES GROUN FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-8UALITY-MANAGE RECOVERY OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM HIGH QUALITY SURFACE WATER KEYWORDS RURAL-RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM-POLLUTION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY SOIL-EROSION COLIF APPLYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS REACREATION PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS NUTRIENTS WATER-QUALITY RELATIONSH PS OF SALMONELLA TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS KEYWORD INDICATORS EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOUS KEYWO THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS * CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF KEYWORDS LAKES WATER-QUALITY TEXAS NUTRIENTS N STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON OHIO KEYWORDS EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS BACTERIOLOGICAL IN SlTRAIE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEOLOT KEYWORDS TREATMENT OF DUCK WASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS COLIFORMS BOD POU REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY COST-BENEFIT-RATIO ENVIRONMEN 2 NO COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WftSTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS RAINFALL-RUNOFF EQUIPMENT OESICN-D REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEOLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS LEGISLATION RUNOFF WATER-CUAt SHAT Uo WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL-SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL-WASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN w TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS KEYWORDS BOO COO TEST-PR MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CONTROL POLLUTION KEYWORDS POLLUTION-CONTROL ORGANIC-LOAOI WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS— SOURCES EFFECTS AND CONTROL PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNU A bALANCE-SHEET-METHOO OF DETERMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL-WASTES TO SURFAC WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS KEYWORDS CONFERENCES WATER-QUALITY SO HOW wSJoRl-PRODUCERS COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY-STANDARDS KEYWORDS WATER-QUA AGRICULTURAL WASTES PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICALSOLUTIONS KEYWORDS WATER- ED RONMeNTAl. QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY WATER-POLLUTION GUIDELINES FOR MIN MUING PESTICIDE POLLUTION KEYWORDS PESTICIDE-DRIFT WATER-QUALITY P SAN«EMENT o? BARNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY KEYWORDS SPRINKLER-I WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM GRASSLAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LISUIO, AND DRY DAIRY NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION-SOURCES GROUNOWATER SURFACE-WATERS EFFECTS OF AGR CULTURAL LAND USE ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF KEYWORDS SUMNER V OOELL INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRING WATEK BY CATTLE KEYWORDS loLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS PELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES LAKE TERMINOLOGY WATER BLCOM KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION ALGAE DUCKS COLOR FISHKILL LAKES HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL KEYWORDS BOD DO RIVERS WATER-QUALITY STR6AH FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WAUR-POLLUT ION-SOURC FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY REPORT NUMBER ONE KEYWORDS ANNUAL REPORT OF ACT1VITES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION CATTLE FARM-WASTES eCONOMIC-ASPECTS KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY COSTS BENEFITS QUALITY-LEVELS EXTERNALITIES M ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND GOALS KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUALITY FWPCA STANDARDS ENVI i. COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE KEYWORDS . WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION-CONDENSATION KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY-ACT BOD PHOSP FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL-A PROFILE FOR ACTION KEYWORDS WATER-POLLUTION LEGISLATION C HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY KEYWORDS CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS RUNOFF LEGISLATION CO ^EMAUoToF WMPONmS INTO A SYSTEM KEYWORDS WATER-QUALITY-ACT FERTILIZERS OISPOS MPLICATONS OF WATER OUALTY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS KEYWORDS PONDS KANSAS WATER-OUALITV-ACT DAMS RUNO THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM KEYWORDS LEGISLATION CATTLE INVESTIGATIONS WA POLLUTION OF STREAMS KEYWORDS DELAWARE WATER-POLLUTION STREAMS SOURCES fSuUNG OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION-CONTROL MUUNG OF SlTeSs t M SOEMEANOR KEYWORDS NORTH-DAKOTA SOURCES WATER-POLLUTION OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL SURFACE CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH ANTI POLLUTION LAWS KEYWORDS LEGAL-ASPECTS POLLUTION-AB ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTU luTU^E WATER QUALITY DESIGN KEYWORDS WATER-OUALITY WATER-POLLUTION WATER-OUAL I TY-MANAGE ™ ROLE OF ™E FEDEP.A! WATER-POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN f ARM-ANIMAL-WASTE AND POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES KEYWORDS SOURCES FISH-HATCHERIES SALMON S si A TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PRUttRAMS KEYWORDS ADMINISTRATIVE-AGENC TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CONIROL OF ANIMAL WASTES KEYWORDS AOMIN1ST INNUAL REPORT OF ACT VITIES'OURING FISCAL YEAR 1971 KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER AN .ML MIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION KEYWO CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAINING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS WATER-RESOURCE-OEV CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTRIC THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE PRODUCING ORGANISMS THROUGH SOILS KEYWORDS WATER-REUSE PATHOGEN I FEAsIllUTY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER K ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA KEYWORDS OKLAHOMA WAUR-POILUT ION-SOURC MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT KEYWORDS MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE WATER-POLLUTION-CO 176 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 400 68 0229 300 69 1103 400 71 0309 200 71 0279 100 70 1194 100 70 1211 100 71 1212 30J 53 12U6 300 68 1209 300 69 1103 400 65 1127 100 69 0052 300 69 1044 3UO 69 1124 300 71 1008 400 69 0016 500 70 0404 500 70 0402 200 70 111S 200 71 0656 200 71 1094 300 68 1123 300 70 1192 300 69 1103 300 71 1055 300 70 0384 300 49 1210 300 70 1192 :100 70 1041 300 68 1202 300 68 1209 400 65 1127 400 65 1141 100 70 1217 700 70 1256 400 71 1139 100 70 1237 200 69 0197 100 TO 0014 200 72 1152 100 71 0461 100 68 0090 100 69 0061 •• 200 71 0703 100 72 1224 300 67 0711 100 72 1097 200 69 0482 200 69 0542 300 71 0269 400 73 1063 300 67 0711 100 66 0341 100 64 0072 400 71 0293 300 71 1119 100 65 1091 300 70 1104 100 71 1212 300 69 1103 100 67 1258 100 67 0041 400 71 1139 200 72 1152 600 72 1154 100 64 0333 100 73 1087 100 70 1233 400 71 1139 600 68 0471 100 70 0025 200 69 0522 200 69 0523 200 69 0527 200 69 0932 200 69 0533 200 71 1099 600 72 1156 300 69 0004 300 71 1081 200 71 0851 200 69 0171 100 73 1086 100 68 0287 200 71 0603 200 71 0811 700 70 0231 500 70 0404 100 TO 0102 200 69 0534 20O 69 0535 200 71 0440 200 71 0605 300 72 1157 100 66 0473 300 71 1245 500 71 1254 100 63 1064 500 70 0397 100 63 1064 HATER-SHEC-PROTECT THE FARM ROLE HATER-SOURCES ENFORCEMENT D WATER-SPHAY ... _. , POLLUTION - HOhl MUC REVIEW OF NATIONAL HATER-SUPPLIES HATER-SUPPLY HATER-SUPPLY WATER-SUPPLY HATER-SUPPLY WATER-SUPPLY WATER-SUPPLY HATER-SUPPLY WATER-TABLE WATER-TABLE WATER-TABLE WATER-TABLE WATER-TABLE WATER-TABLE WATER-TRANSFER WATER-TREATMENT WATER-TREATMENT WATER-TREATMENT WATER-TREATMENT WATER-TREATMENT WATER-USERS WATER-USERS WATER-USES MATER-UTILIZATION HATER-UTILIZATION HATER-WELLS HATER-HELLS HATER-HELLS HATER-WELLS WATER-WELLS HATER-ZONING HAVES HEATHER MEEDS HEIGHT HEIGHT-CAIN HEIGHT-GAIN HEIGHT-CAINS WEIRS HEIRS HEIRS WEIR-GAUGES HELL WELLS WELLS WELLS HELLS HELLS HELL-REGULATIONS HEST-OF-SCOTLAND WHEAT WHEAT WHEY IN WATER-bUAL ITY MANAGEMENT KEYWORDS SEDIMENT L^r^4WS IN °KbAH°M* ™" °"™»* "TER-pLn0N- 0 EXHAUST ODORS KEYWORDS FILTERS DUST WATER-SPRAY CONTROL POUL „ ""("HEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS KEYWORDS NITRATE EUTROPH1CATI nn-«?L'CV °N EUTROPH ICAT ION PROBLEMS KEYWORDS EUTROPHICATION . ; : ? 2 RUNOFF KEYHOROS FEED-LOTS HASTE-DISPOSAL R CONTROL OF NITROGEN .„„.-, .„ ffis^rjs^i^gaj?~jng™.-.Bai=iss^sa uu r ur A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THF RFIICF nc UATED K I OUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION REPORT'orAcnS?TiFllnM<,i*?Sc!^OKUH0"4 KEYW°R°s OKLAHOMA WATER-POLLUTION-SOURC THE"ECUNOM?CS OF CLEAN II?!. 5^?ur'lC*L YEAR lm KE™°RDS HATER-RESOURCES WATER-USER THE ECUNOMICS OF CLEAN HATER VOLUME TWO ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE KEYWORDS COSTS WATER-PO OF HA?FO mi!f?JS ?. ? .POLLUII°N Of * STREAM KEYWORDS JUDICIAL-DECISIONS D •i.iii«T?n« ni II. ,.t!S °* THE FEEOI-DT INDUSTRY KEYWORDS CONTROL POLLUTION- ....... v UN,TED sumNL?lBHm'oF J2?.l!iT!}JI!.S0?!!N.T..*?9..T?»?? «NE*T« «"« *ND AC ATKINSON V HERINSTON CATTLE COMPANY HHY NITRATES IN WATER SUPPLIES NITRATES DANGER FDR HUMANS, TOO RCIWURDS FEED-LOTS WATER-WELLS MIT FoS'SXnoN »S£ "USE SF JROI"R [ITTER --•""°l----A-?--T----^ eNV1ROHENT DURINtt * FAL HER KEYWORDS *. _„.,„ „„,„-,.„„. RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS WASTE MANAGEMENT SCME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM KEYWORDS ~Mni$.Tli«F~rnMTtNT till THiTSKRjTEFESIiARDTm C^fE2I?:DT1°N=DF f*ECAL "CTMU BACTMlS'lM ^O^M"^ Im" NITMT MN«£™I?l™< fi'-rJJnES «YHORDS HELL DATA FEED-LOTS WELL-REGULATIONS PERCOL ril AILr?NCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDHATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS M^^swsSis^a^S^SSwSSSaS' " NmA?I H^AED1V,NG^f:'Tu?Ey!!OROS """OSYNTHESIS WATER-POUU?ION N?mTES^HOSwS ES WHITE-PERCH WILDLIFE W1LDLIFE-CONSERVAT WILD-LIFE WILTINC-POINT WIND WINDBREAKS WINDBREAKS WINDROW-METHOD WINDS WIND-EROSION WINTER WINTER WIRE-FLOOR WISCONSIN WISCONSIN WISCONSIN WISCONSIN WISCONSIN WISCONSIN WISCONSIN WOOD WOOD WOOD-WASTES YEAST-FERMENTATION YOLK-PIGMENTATIONS WINTER AND *"ECTS FEEOLOT - - CRQMD'N6 »NO THERKAL EMVIROMENT DURING A FAL u^l;sfc•;iiis^^^ KEYWORDS HUD RA?N El" " CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS-FACT SHEET 177 image: ------- KEYWORD INDEX 100 63 1064 373*2 TOXICITY TO HOUSE FLIES AND MORN FLIES OF MANURE FROM INSECTICIDE FED CATTLE KEYWORDS 100 72 1097 3-OAY-PUMPING-STUD NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDHATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT KEYWORDS 178 image: ------- SECTION G Interest Area ANIMAL INFORMATION CATEGORY INDEX CATEGORIES OF ANIMAL INFORMATION A. Environmental Effects Management of Animal Production and Confinement Operations Characteristics of Animal Wastes D. Treatment Processes E. Utilization and Disposal F. General Topic Area 1. General 2. Surface Runoff from Animal Production Unit Operation 3. Surface Runoff from Agricultural Watersheds 4. Groundwater 5. Odor 6. Air 7. Biocides 8. Vectors 9. Health 10. Aesthetics 1. General 2. Liquid Systems 3. Solid Systems 1. General 2. Physical 3. Chemical 4, Biological 5. Management's Impact On 1. General 2. Physical 3. Chemical 4. Biological 1. General 2. Land 3. Reuse 4. By-Product Recovery 1. Economics 2. Legalities 3. Institutional and Policy Needs 4. Overviews, Trends and Projections 5. 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Illinois Univ., Urbana. Coll. of Agriculture. Arthur J. Muehling. Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, August 1969. 91 p, 232 ref. A. Eng.- 873. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, *Hogs, 'Confinement pens, "Aerobic treatment, "Anerobic digestion, Odor, Economics. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, "Housing, Space requirements, Slotted floors. Methods of disposal, Legal implications. Current and past research in swine housing and waste management is reviewed and summarized. The author utilized 77 references in Part I of the re- port on swine housing studies. Research on produc- tion units, space requirements, slotted floors, and economics of swine housing systems is presented in summary form. Recommendations for future swine housing research are made. 155 references were utilized in Part II of the report on waste manage- ment studies. Properties of swine wastes, treatment and return of swine wastes to the land, other methods of disposal, gases and odors, and legal im- plications of waste handling are summarized. Recommendations for future research in waste management are made. Six fact sheets available from the National Pork Producers Council, DCS Moines, supplement the research review. (White- Iowa State) 0002 - D4 SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT-ANAEROBIC LAGOONS, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Arthur J. Muehling. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il- linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p. A tlNCj-o/Y. Descriptors: *Hogs, 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic conditions, 'Lagoons, Size, Sites, Construction, Shape, Depth, Odors, Sludge, Water pollution, Temperature, Intakes, Outlets, Grading, Manage- ment, Mixing, Organic matter. Stabilization. Identifiers: 'Loading rates, 'Location, Solids, Wind action. Gas bubbling, Volatile solids. Anaerobic lagoons were First adapted for the storage and treatment of hog wastes because of their low initial cost, ease of operation, and lack of serious alternatives. They have not always been successful, for sometimes they release objectional odors, they can pollute surface and underground water, they sometimes do not decompose the manure adequately, and in time they are apt to nil up with sludge. This fact sheet gives advice as to loading rates, size and location of anaerobic lagoons. Attention is given to the construction us loading rates, restriction of solids, and iclequate mixing. (White-Iowa State) 3003 - Bl :ONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SPACE REQUIREMENTS, Ilinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- ;ineering. VrthurJ. Muehling. :ooperative Extension Service, University of Il- inois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p. tEng-874. )escriptors: 'Size, "Seasonal, 'Temperature, 'Ventilation, Farm wastes. Hogs, Confinement pens, Management, Performance, economics. Identifiers: 'Space requirements, Method of feed- ing. Number of pigs per pen, Heat stress. As confinement housing has changed to include total enclosure of feeding and sleeping are* under roof, the minimum space requirements recom- mended for pigs in confinement have been reduced. These recommendations indicate the minimum amount of floor space per pig necessary to prevent a significant reduction in pig per- formance and to maintain a reasonable degree of cleanliness in the pen. The fact sheet lists space requirements for different weight ranges of hogs. These recommendations are based on research that has considered the more important factors affect- ing space needs. The factors discussed in the fact sheet include size of animal, season (as related to, temperature), ventilation, method of feeding, level of management, and number of pigs per pen. (White-Iowa State) 0004 - Bl CONFINEMENT SWINE HOUSING - SLOTTED FLOORS, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Arthur J. Muehling. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il- linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p. AEng-875. Descriptors: 'Construction materials, 'Reinforced concrete, 'Metals, Farm wastes, Dimensions, Cor- rosion, Failure, Durability, Depth, Height, Length, Reinforcement, Hog. Identifiers: 'Slotted floors, 'Wood, 'Spacing, Ex- panded metal, Farrowing, Feed wastage. This fact sheet lists wood, concrete and metal as being effective for slotted floors. Advantages and disadvantages of each type are given, as well as dimensions that should be used. Expanded metal and steel straps are both discussed as to their effec- tiveness for slotted floors. The amount and kind of reinforcing to use in concrete slats is given. Recom- mended spacing and advice for farrowing on slotted floors is also given. Pens with totally slotted floors remain consistently cleaner than those par- tially slotted. In general, the larger the pig the wider the slat that can be used without sacrificing clean- ing efficiency. (White-Iowa State) 0005 - C2, C3, C4, C5 SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT - PROPER- TIES OF SWINE WASTES, ' Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Arthur JT Muehling. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il- linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p. AEng-876. Descriptors: 'Firm wastes, 'Physical properties. 'Chemical properties, 'Biological properties. Hogs, Antibiotics, Nitrogen, Potash, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. Nutrients, Animal physiology, Biological treat- ment. Identifiers: 'Daily production, •Fertil&er value. Phosphoric scid, Population equivalent, Feed ra- tion'Solids. An understanding of the properties of swine wastes is necessary to develop an adequate system of waste management. The properties of swine wastes as classified by this fact sheet are physical, chemi- cal, and biological. The physical and chemical pro- perties may be affected by the physiology of the animal, the feed ration, and the environment. The quality of feed influences the amount the hogs will est and the chemical composition of the wastes. The physical properties of daily production and amount of solids are listed by this fact sheet fertilizer value of swine manure is shown and the amounts required to obtain certain pounds per acre of nitrogen, potash, and phosphoric acid are told. Average values for BOD, COD and population equivalent are listed as biological properties of swine manure. (White-Iowa State) 0006 - D4 SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT - OXIDATION DITCH FOR TREATING HOG WASTES, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Arthur JTMuehling. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Il- linois at Urbana-Champaign, August 1969. 2 p. AEng-878. Descriptors: 'Costs, 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, •Design, 'Rotors, Effluent, Volume, Storage, Ox- ygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Aerobic bac- teria. Organic matter, Calibrations, Foaming, Microorganisms, Odors, Dissolved oxygen, Color, Anaerobic bacteria. Sludge. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Rotor capacity, Rotor immersion, Rate of flow. Configuration, Detention time. There has been considerable interest in aerobically treating hog wastes in an oxidation ditch because of the need for a low-odor method of manure storage and treatment. This fact sheet gives guidelines as to design shape, capacity and loading, rotor capacity and immersion, liquid depth and rate of flow. Operational procedures are given as well as a discussion of problems that may arise. Solutions to the problem of foaming include vegetable image: ------- Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Aeration, •Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand. Or- ganic matter, Sludge disposal, Oxygenation, Hogs, Cattle. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Aerobic lagoon. Livestock waste properties, Biochemical proper- ties, Aerobic treatment, Irrigation system. This report emphasize! the aerobic method of storage and treatment of livestock wastes primarily becuase of the low level of odors associated with aerobic treatment. An introduction to the theory of aerobic treatment is presented along with several laboratory experiments on swine, dairy cattle, and poultry wastes. These laboratory experiments verified the use of the aerobic method for livestock wastes. Two methods of aerobic treatment were studied and the results summarized. These were (A) the in-the-building oxidation ditch and (B) the aerobic lagoon (oxidation pond and aerated lagoon). Recommendations are made as to opera- tor convenience, capacity, and design of the dif- ferent systems. (White-Iowa State) 0009 - A5, D4 LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT STU- DIES-TERMINATION REPORT, Illinois Univ., Urbana Agricultural Experiment Station. D L Day, D.D.Jones, and J.C. Converse. HEW Project No EC-245. July 1970. 97 p, 75 fig, 1.4tab,7ref. ' Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Chemical oxygen demand, 'Odor, Hogs. Identifiers: 'Livestock oxidation ditch. Loading rates. Ditch mixed liquor, Optimum aerobic degradation, Aeration rotors. Operating cost, Feeding value of oxidation ditch solids. This report deals mainly with results from laborato- ry tests and field trials of oxidation diches. Dif- ferent loading rates were studied, and solutions to the problem of foaming were discussed. Most of the work was done with swine although laboratory tests were made with beef and dairy animals. Some research was done to determine the feeding value of oxidation ditch solids. The oxygenation capacity of rotors was discussed. A laboratory study of the minimum aeration for odor control was made using set design criteria. (White-Iowa State) 0010 - A2, Bl. Cl THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL DENSITY AND SUR- FACE SLOPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RU- NOFF. SOLID WASTES AND NITRATE MOVE- MENT ON UNPAVEP BEEF FEEDLOTS, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Agricultural Experiment C B Gilbertson, T. M.McCalla, J.R.Ellis, O. E. Cross, and W.R. Woods. Publication SB508, June 1970. 23 p, 5 fig. 7 tab, 23 ref. Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, •Chemical analysis, 'Farm wattes. Chemical ox- ygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand, Cattle, Laboratory tests, Detention reservoirs. Nitrates, Phosphorus. Identifiers: 'Dry matter removed (DMR), 'Dry matter feces (DMF), Volatile solids. Feedlot slope, Cattle densities. Soil core samples, Feedlots. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of feedlot slope and cattle densities on: (I) The quantity and quality of runoff resulting from rainstorms and snowmelt, (2) Downward move- ment of pollutants into the soil profile on unpaved feedlots. and, (3) Amount of solids accumulation on the feedlot surface. Pairs of feedlots with 3, 6, and 9% slopes were installed. Ten and twenty cattle were placed in each pair of feedlots, which allowed 200 and 100 sq. ft. of area per animal. Volumetric measurement of runoff resulting from rainfall and snowmelt were made and samples of each runoff occurrence were taken to the laboratory for analy- sis. Laboratory analyses included pH. electric con- ductivity, total solids, non-volatile solids, total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus. COD and BOD. Soil cores were taken to depths of 14 ft. below the feedlot surface and adjacent buffer strips to determine downward movement of con- taminants into the soil profile. Solids accumula- tions on the lot surface were removed twice. Weights of material removed were recorded and composite samples were taken to the laboratory for analyses. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0011 - B3. F5 THE SEARCH FOR NEW POULTRY LITTER MATERIAL - AN EXAMPLE OF COOPERA- TION BETWEEN EXTENSION, RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Poultry Science. Milton Y. Dendy, M. J. Reed, and M. G. McCartney. Poultry Science, Vol 45, p 1666,1968. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Physical pro- perties. Performance, Agricultural engineering. Waste treatment, Pollutants. Identifiers: 'Litter materials. Pine bark. Pine bark and chips. Pine stump chips. Rice hulls, Poultry in- dustry, Extension Poultrymen. In the fall of 1966 a litter shortage was brought to the attention of the Extension Poultrymen during an industry meeting. The Extension Poultrymen took the problem to the research people in the De- partment of Poultry Science and the Department of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Geor- gia, and a project was started to test (I) the physi- cal properties and performance characteristics of materials usable as litter in poultry houses, and (2) bird performance on several materials available in Georgia were tested, including pine shavings and pine sawdust, the two materials most commonly used. Results obtained indicate that some of the materials such as pine bark, pine bark and chips, pine stump chips and rice hulls are about as suita- ble for poultry litter as pine shavings or pine saw- dust. (White-Iowa State) 0012 - A8 CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIES IN SWINE- FINISHING UNITS BY IMPROVED METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Entomology. R.C.Dobson.andF.W.Kutz. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 63, No 1, February 1970.6 fig, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, Disposal, Lagoons, 'Insect control. Vectors, Entomology. Identifiers: 'Control of house flies, 'Waste disposal systems. Collection pit. Slotted floor. Four swine-finishing units were equipped with dif- ferent waste disposal systems to determine their ef- fectiveness in preventing development of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Each unit was completely screened to prevent contamination from outside sources. No insecticides were used. One of the 4 was a standard shed-type house used as a control. The other 3 units were equipped with new and im- proved waste disposal systems. Results from 2 yean of study indicate that house fly production in and around swine-finishing units can be greatly reduced by using 1 of the 3 improved methods of waste disposafdescribed. (Miner-Iowa State) 0013 - A8, B3 INFLUENCE OF POULTRY-MANURE- REMOVAL SCHEDULES ON VARIOUS DIP- TERA LARVAE AND SELECTED ANTHROPOD California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Entomology and Parasitology. John H. Peck, and John R. Anderson. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 63, No 1, February 1970, p 82-90.11 fig, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Larvae, 'In- sect control, 'Entomology, Vectors. Identifiers: 'Manure removal, 'Diptera larvae, •Arthropod predators, Sampling, Control of flies. The effects of weekly manure removal, monthly removal, and no removal on populations of fly lar- vae and sleeted predators (Acarina: Machrocheles muscaedomesticae Scopoli, Fuscuropods sp. (un- described), Parasitidae; Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Histeridaw, Hydrophilidae; Diptera: Ophyra leu- costoma (Wiedemann) were studied for a full fly season at each of 2 northern California ranches. Third-instar larvae of the house fly, Musca domestica L., the false stable fly, Muscina stabu- lans (Fallen), and Calliphoridae were most abun- dant in 1 -week-old manure; those of the little house fly, Fannia canicularis (L.), the coastal fly, Fannia femoralis Stein, and the black garbage fly. O. leu- costoma, reached greatest numbers in 2- to 3- week-old manure. Unremoved manure had the least numbers of dipterous larvae, with the excep- tion of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). All predators studied were most abundant in un- removed manure. Abstention from manure removal favored the predators; monthly or bi- weekly removal favored the dipterous larvae. (Miner-Iowa State) 0014 - Bl INFLUENCE OF SPACE ON PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT CATTLE, California Univ., Davis; and Agricultural Research Service, Davis, Calif. S. R. Morrison. V. E. Mendel, and T. E. Bond. Transactions of the ASAE. Vol 13, No 1, January I970,p 145-147. 2fig,2tab,9ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Performance, •Confinement pens. Identifiers: 'Space. 'Influence. 'Weight gain, Feed efficiency. Two tests in the Imperial Valley of California in- volving 74 heifers indicate that space allotments below 40 sq. ft. per head are likely to reduce the body weight gains and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle, and hot weather may accentuate the decrease. There is evidence suggesting that animal performance may be less even at 40 sq. ft. than at 60 sq. ft. per head. Tests with larger pens and more animals are desirable to establish the relation between gain and feed efficiency and pen space per animal. The range of space tested should be great enough to provide sufficient data to aid in desig- ning feed lots for maximum profit. (White-Iowa State) 0015 - Bl. E2 CATTLE FEEDERS AVOID POLLUTION BY USING WASTES IN IRRIGATION. Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Soil Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, November 1968, p 84-86. 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Ponds, 'Fur- row irrigation, Lagoon, Water pollution, Nebraska, Water Quality Act. Costs. Loess. Identifiers: 'Tractor driven pump, Soil Conserva- tion Service, Feedlots. Two brothers in Franklin county Nebraska have implemented a system that avoids pollution while fertilizing and irrigating their land. Solid wastes are hauled to the field from their 5 feedlots covering four acres. The rest washes down with every rain and is caught in a farm pond in a natural draw. In the bottom of the pond a lagoon-type pit was dug so 187 image: ------- there will always be some water available to keep wastes in suspension. From here the suspension is pumped to nearby fields by a tractor driven pump. If it doesn't rain they pump water from their irriga- tion wall into the pond and out again onto the land. (White-Iowa State) 0016 - A4 FERTILIZERS AND FEEDLOTS — WHAT ROLE IN GROUNDWATER POLLUTION. Agricultural Research, Vol 18, No 6, December 1969,p 14-15. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soil contamination, •Fertilizers, 'Nitrates, Water pollution, Nitrogen, Nitrites, Aquifers, Colorado, Denitrification, Water table. Percolation. Identifiers: •Feedlots, South Plane River Valley. No significant contamination of the water table with nitrate from farm fertilizers or extensive cattle feeding operations was found in preliminary ARS studies in northeastern Colorado. But studies in- dicated that substantial amounts of nitrate could eventually reach the water table under heavily fer- tilized irrigated fields and under feedlots. ARS soil scientists measured nitrates in 129 soil cores drilled to bedrock or the water table and in 75 samples of groundwater taken with the cores in Colorado's South Plane River Valley. The investigators found that, on the average, the kind of land use did not ef- fect the nitrate concentration of water entering the bottom of the holes where the cores were taken. The surface may contain more pollutants than water deeper in the aquifer. (White-Iowa State) 0017 - C2 AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF FECES FOR BOMB CALORIMETRY, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Tex. Hubert G. Lovelady, and Emmett J. Stork. Clinical Chemistry, Vol 16, No 3,1970, p 253-254. 1 tab, 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Laboratory tests, Energy, Odor, •Farm wastes. Drying. Identifiers: * Bomb calorimetry, Lyophilize. As a preliminary to bomb calorimetry, weighed, homogenized fecal slurries are prefrozen and lyo- philized. Advantages of this method over the method of drying in a vacuum oven include: more moisture is removed from the sample initially, dry- ing time is reduced from 48h to 16 h, grinding is eliminated and objectionable odors are eliminated during sample processing. (Christenbury-lowa State) plates for detection of Eseherichia coli (Migula) Castelani and Chalmers and Salmonella spp., respectively. Five species of Salmonella found within the lesser mealworms were identified as S. Heidelberg Kauffman, S. worthington Edwards and Bruner, S. saint paul Kauffman, S. typhimurium var Copenhagen Kauffman, and S. Chester Kauffman and Tesdal. Forty-eight serotypes of E. coli were recovered from within 251 lesser mealworms. Twenty-six of these serotypes are known pathogens for man or animals. (Miner-Iowa State) 0018 - C4 SALMONELLA Spp. AND SEROTYPES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE LESSER MEALWORM COLLECTED IN POULTRY BROODER HOUSES, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Entomology, Fisheries and Wildlife. Philip K. Harein, Ernesto De LasCasa, B. S. Pomeroy, and Mabel D. York. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 63, No 1, February 1970, p 80-82. 3 tab, 20 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Salmonella, •E. col i, Cultures. Identifiers: 'Isolated, 'Brooder houses, Liner, Mealworms. Pathogens. Adult Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) were col- lected from the litter of poultry brooder houses in 1967 and 1968. One thousand of the lesser meal- worms were individually surface disinfected, mascerated, and cultured in thioglycolate en- richment broth at 37 degrees C and streaked on cosin methylene blue agar or brilliant green agar 0019 - AS, Dl CONTROL OF ODORS FROM ANIMAL WASTES, W. E. Burnett, and N. C. Dondero. Transaction of the ASAE, Vol 13, No 2, p 221 -224, 231, March 1970. 3 ng, 5 tab, 15 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor, •Chemicals, Costs. Identifiers: 'Odor panel, 'Masking agents, 'Coun- teractants, Deodorants, Digestive deodorants, D- indices. A matching-standard method was successfully used for the evaluation of the ability of commercial odor-control chemicals to mask or eliminate the of- fensive odor of poultry manure when added directly to the waste in both loboratory and field tests. The method enables one to find the most ef- fective chemicals in a systematic and relatively time-saving manner. The method provides informa- tion on the lowest concentration of chemical neces- sary to obtain a desired effect. Masking agents and counteractants were found to be the most effective odor-control products, deodorants were moderate- ly effective, and digestive deodorants were least ef- fective. The cost in some field trials was estimated to be 63 cents per 450 gal. of liquid manure. Further research is needed on the effect of re- peated applications of odor-control products on soil, so as not to harm the soil for other purposes. (White-Iowa State) 0020 - C5, E3 EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON QUALI- TY CHANCES IN SHELL EGGS DURING STORAGE, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. L. R. York,C. J. Flegal. H. C. Zindel, and T. H. Coleman. Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 2, p 590-591, March 1970. I tab, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dehydra- tion, 'Diets, Eggs. Identifiers: 'Haugh unit, 'Qaulity changes. Color and odor observations, Waste feeding, Manure utilization. Dried poultry wastes. Eggs from 32 Leghorn-type hens on each of four diets were used. All the birds were 10 months of age and had been on the experimental diet for three months. The diets used were (I) control, (2) con- trol with 10% DPW. (3) control with 20% DPW. and (4) control with 30% DPW. One-day-old eggs were stored at room environment to accelerate the changes that occur during storage. Room tempera- ture varied from 22 degrees C to 25 degrees C and relative humidity varied from 50% to 68%. Eggs were gathered on five consecutive days and held for storage periods of 10. 20, 30, 40 or 50 days. Physical and microbiological examinations were made at the beginning of the trial and at the end of the designated storage periods. The results of this experiment indicate that including 10, 20, or 30% dehydrated poultry waste in the diet of hens had no significant deleterious effect on the quality of shell eggs as measured by Haugh units, storage weight loss, color, odor, and/or microbial content. (Miner- Iowa State) 0021 - E2, E3 EFFECT OF MANURE APPLICATION. AERA- TION, AND SOIL pH ON SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND ON CERTAIN SOIL TEST VALUES, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Soils. R. J. Olsen, R. F. Hensler, and O. J. Altoe. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol 34, No 2, p 222-225, March-April 1970. 2 fig. 2 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrification, 'Denitrification, •Farm wastes, 'Aeration, Soil tests, Rates of appli- cation. Identifiers: N recovery, Field moisture capacity, •Soil nitrogen transformations, Soil pH, Nitrate production. Nitrate production under aerobic conditions was directly related to rate of manure application, period of incubation and soil pH, but was stopped under anaerobic conditions. Average recovery by chemical analysis of N applied as manure to a Plainficld sand at relatively high rates and incu- bated for 37 weeks was 77% for aerobic conditions and 24% for anaerobic conditions. The addition of manure tended to increase soil pH and the contents of organic N, available P and exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, particularly at the higher rates. They also increased the field moisture capacity of a Plainfield sand. However, on an acid Ella loamy sand the two highest rates of manure caused a reduction of the values for field moisture capacity, apparently the result of formation of a waxy material that tended to repel water absorption. (Miner-Iowa State) 0022 - A5, D4 SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR AERATING MANURE LAGOONS, DeKalb AgReaearch, Inc., III. JayGilliland. Poultry Digest, Vol 29, p 330-331, July 1970. I fig. Descriptor*: 'Firm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Sedimen- taitation, 'Aeration, Anaerobic conditions, Aero- bic conditions, Odors, Sulfide», Methane, Con- struction costs. Operation and maintenance. Cost analysis, Erosion, Waste water treatment. An aerated lagoon system was designed to treat the 1780 cu. yds of manure produced annually by two 30,000-hen automatic environmental controlled laying houses, instead of relying on spreading the manure on the land. A 100 ft by 200 ft lagoon with a 12 ft. depth and a two-to-one side slope was con- structed at a cost of $900, having an estimated 10 year life. A six nozzle irrigation sprinkler run by a centrifugal irrigation pump with a 5 hp motor pro- vides aeration at a cost of {2.20 per day. Water is drawn from just below the surface and sprayed into the air in order to reduce odors. The methane and hydrogen sulfide gases generated by anaerobic ac- tion on the lagoon bottom are dissipated by aerobic bacteria near the top and their odor eliminated. This method has been demonstrated to be a low costs disposal, low cost upkeep system particularly suited for this job. (Lowry-Texas) 0023 - Cl ATTRACTION OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES TO FECES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS, Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. G. Truman Fincher, T. Bonner Stewart, and Robert Davis. The Journal of Parasitology, Vol 56, No 2. April 1970, p 378-383. 2 tab, 20 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Insects, 'Habitats, Animal, Intermediate hosts. Identifiers: 'Beetle species. Pit traps, Feccs, Woodland habitat. Swine pasture, Dairy pasture. Beetles were attracted to pit traps baited with the feces of one of 12 different animals in 3 habitats. 188 image: ------- Comparison of the 3 habitats showed marked dif- ferences in beetle fauna. Most dung beetles were captured in traps baited with swine feces. Swine and opossum feces attracted 57.7% of all beetles captured and 74.8% of the Phanaeus species which are the major intermediate hosts of swine spirurids in southern Georgia. Captured beetles comprised 12 genera with more than 18 species. (White-Iowa State) 0024 - A9, C4 PROBABLE SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE ON A POULTRY FARM, Punjab Agricultural Univ., Hissar (India). Dept. of Veterinary Bacteriology and Hygiene. S.M.Ooyal, and I. P.Singh. British Veterinary Journal, Vol 126, No 4. p 180- , 184,1970,2 tab, 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Salmonella, 'Poultry, *Farm, Domestic animals, Rodents, Reptiles. Identifiers: Salmonellosis, Transmission, Cross-in- fection. This study was undertaken to determine various sources of Salmonellae on a poultry farm. Pigs, sheep, and cither domestic animals were checked, as well as rats, sparrows, birds, and wall lizards. Eight Salmonellae types were isolated from poultry, pigs, rats, wall lizards, and house sparrows. S. anatum was isolated from all these sources and S. Stanley from rats and poultry, indicating the possi- bility of cross-infection due to multiple foci of Sal- monella infections. Rodents, free-flying birds and lizards were considered as. important sources of Salmonellae. (White-Iowa State) 0025 - A9. BJ. ^_ BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN POULTRY HOUSES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EGG HATCHABILITY, Pennsylvania Univ., University Park. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. L- Quarles, R. F. Gentry, and 0.0. Bressler. Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 1, p 60-66, 1970. 8 tab, ISref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Bacteria. •Poultry. •Fertility, Eggs. . Identifiers: *Egg contamination, Egg hatchabflity, Air sampler, T-itter houses, Litter nests, Wire floors, Roll-away neit. - This study was designed to determine if there was any relationship among poultry house contamina- tion, egg contamination and hatch ability. A high density sloping wire floor system, was compared with the conventional litter floor system. Rates of egg production and fertility were similar in both systems. Litter houses averaged 9 times as many bacteria per cubic foot of air as wire floor houses. An attempt was made to study the level and trans- mission of coliform type bacteria as related to type of house and nest used. Hatchability of eggs in wire flood pens was superior to eggs from litter floor pens. Fungal contamination of air was approxi- mately the same for both systems. (White-Iowa State) - C4 JtAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF SAL- MONELLA FROM MIXED CULTURES AND POULTRY PRODUCTS, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Food Tcchnolc- Sanitl Y. C. Fung, and Allen A. Kraft. poultry Science, Vol 49, No 1, p 46-54,1970.1 fig. 7t»b,7ref. Descriptors: 'Isolation, 'Salmonella, 'Poultry, •Cultures, Farm wastes. Identifiers: Poultry products, Motility flask, Con- centrations, Strains. This report deals with results obtained using a new rapid method of Salmonellae detection and isola- tion in mixed cultures, turkey and chicken products, and whole eggs. The paper describes a simple system,combining biochemical and physical properties of Salmonella, which can detect small numbers of Salmonella in the presence of large numbers of competitive organisms. Motility multi- layered agai flasks were used in the test. Typical complete Salmonella reactions were obtained in the control flask as early as 17-36 hours of incuba- tion, as compared with 48-96 hours by conven- tional methods. This system has the potential as a simple and rapid method for large scale screening test for Salmonellae in a variety of commercial food products. < White-Iowa State Univ) 0027 - C5 EFFECT OF STRESS ON SWING: HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE AND STARVATION ON . VANILMANDELIC ACID OUTPUT IN THE URINE, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Nutrition. M. P. Stefanovic, H. S. Bayley, and S. J. Stinger. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 30. No 3, p 378- 381,1970.1 fig, J tab, Uref. Descriptors: 'Hogs, Air temperature, 'Urine, Amino acids,'Farm wastes. Identifiers: Vanilmandelic acid output, Starvation, Metabolic response. Tests were performed on 3 Yorkshire pigs in which they were subjected to normal conditions, extreme temperatures of 5 and 33C, and finally starved for 10 days at 20C. The urinary excretion of 3-methox- y - 4-hydraxymandelic acid (VMA) was measured • when the pigs were housed in cages maintained at a room temperature of 20C. Observations of the VMA content Was also ntade at times the pigs were under the stress conditions. The pigs increased in weight from S to 30 kg. during the 70 day experi- ment Under normal temperature they excreted 10 mg of VMA per 24 hours. This increased to between 20 and 30 mg when the pigs were exposed to the low temperature. Exposure to the high tem- perature resulted in an excretion of 20 mg pef day, but- starvation caused a rapid decline to 3 mg per day. The excretion returned to normal values very rapidly when the animals were refed. These obser- vations are discussed in relation to those made by other authors with other species on the effects of stress oh the release and metabolism of catechotaraines and their excretion in the, urine, and it is suggested that the urinary output of VMA offers a convenient method of measuring physiological response to stress in the pigs. (White- 0028 - A8, B3, E4 HOUSEFLY LARVAE: BIODEGRADATION OF HEN EXCRETA TO USEFUL PRODUCTS, Agricultural Research Service,Beltsville, Md. C. C. Calvert, N. O. Morgan, and R. D. Martin. Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 2, p 588-590, March 1970.2 tab,} ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Manure, 'Poultry, Insects, Waste treatment. Ultimate disposal. Waste disposal, Odor. Identifiers: House fly, Hen, Fly eggs, Manure treat- ment, Waste utilization. This report presents the results of experiments to establish the concentration of fly eggs that can be used to process hen excreta mow efficiently, and a means of separating th« house fly pupae from the processed hen excreta and to simplify their collec- tion. Within four days after seeding with house fly pupae the odor of the manure became unobjec- tionable. After eight days the excreta was reduced to an essentially odorless and friable material. The separated pupae were utilized as a protein source in the diet of growing chicks. (Miner-Iowa State) 0029 - E3 DRIED POULTRY MANURE AS CATTLE FEED, NAAS, Cambridge. C. B. Falrbairn. Poultry Digast, July 1970. p 331, Vol. 29, No. 341. Descriptors: •F*rm waste, *rsanure, *poultry, drying. Identifiers: Manure feeding, poultry manure, nutritional value. fresenta data on th« nutritional value of dried poultry manure with and without litter. The energy value for dried litter i« 500 calories par pound which is ifcout on« third that for grain. Protein value was .inilar to cereal. It vat ahown to b« luitabie for Inclusion In inten- »iv» beef rations. (Miner-Iowa state) 0030 - D4, E2 TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE BY LACOON1NG, Washington State Univ.,Pullman. Surinder K. Bhagat, and Donald E. Proctor. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 41,NoS,!969,p7o5.795.9fig,7tab,6ref. Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Farm lagoons, •Btodegradation, Algae, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Anaerobic digestion, Aerobic treatment. Chemical oxygen demand. Storage capacity, Ef- fluents; Construction. • Identifiers: 'Dairy manure. Total solids, Volitile solids, Non-degradable solid. Because of high solids content of dairy manure waste, anaerobic lagoons can be used satisfactcr iy as a primary waste treatment. Average removals of BOD, COD, TS, and VS above 86 percent can be accomplished with an applied loading of 70 Ib VS/day/IOOO Cu. Ft. (1120 g/day/cu. m.). An anaerobic lagoon can act as a sedimentation, flota- tion, and anaerobic digestion process unit while simultaneously providing long-term storage for non-degradable solid residue. The effluent from the anaerobic lagoon retains most of the nutrients present in the raw manure waste and thus has fertil- izer value. The effluent has organic matter which can be oxidized. The effluent can be applied to a field or subjected to further treatment. The secon- dary treatment can be an aerated lagoon, oxidation ditch, or an oxidation pond. The results of the batch type aerobic treatment indicated that an ef- fluent BOD at 20 mg/l can be achieved by a 24-hr. aeration period. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0031 - C2, C3 VOLATILIZATION AND NITRIFICATION OF NITROGEN FROM URINE UNDER SIMU- LATED CATTLE FEED LOT CONDITIONS, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div. B. A. Stewart. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 5, No 7, p 579-582. July 1970.1 fig, 7 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrification, 'Cattle, 'Soils, Ara- monia. Nitrogen Moisture content. Depth. Chemi- cal oxygen demand. Farm wastes. Urine. Identifiers: 'Feed lots. Virtually all the recent growth in cattle feeding has been in feeding units of 10,000 head or more in which cattle are confined in pens allowing 6 to 20 sq meters per animal. Animal wastes resulting from these large feeding operations cause concern in many areas. Disposal of the accumulation of solids wastes i$ difficult and in some cases run-off from these lots has caused pollution of streams and lakes. Feeding operations can cause high nitrogen concentrations in the underground water supply. There are large differences in the amount of nitrate found under feed lots! sortie contain large amounts, other nearly nitrate free.'both at shallow and deep depth. The objectives were to simulate some feed lot conditions and study the nitrification and 189 image: ------- volatilization weights of nitrogen added as cattle urine to soil in an attempt to determine some of the factors governing nitrate accumulation under feed lots. Urine accounts for about half of the nitrogen excreted by cattle. When urine was added every two days to an initial wet soil at a rate of 5 ml per 21 cm sq, less than 25% of the nitrogen was lost as ammonia and about 65% converted to nitrate. When urine was added every 4 days to initially dry soil, essentially all the water evaporated between the urine additions, and 90% of the nitrogen was lost as ammonia. These findings suggest that the stocking rate and other management factors should be considered in pollution of the unit. (Hancuff- Texas) 0034 - C3 A RAPID EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICA- TION OF TOTAL LIPIDS AND LIPID FRAC- TIONS IN BLOOD AND FECES, Pittsburgh Univ., Pa. Dept. of Pathology. J. S. Amenta. Clinical Chemistry, Vol 16, No 4,1970, p 339-346. 8 fig, 19ref, 1 tab. Descriptors: 'Lipids, 'Laboratory tests, Chemical analysis, Farm wastes. Identifiers: 'Feces, Plasma, Lipid fractions, Clini- cal laboratory. Cholesterol. E2 FILTERS FOR AGRICULTURAL An analytical system for plasma lipids suitable for use in the large and small clinical laboratory is presented. Lipids are extracted into a chloroform- methanol solvent and concentrated into a chloroform phase by a wash with an aqueous CaCI2 solution. This extract is used to estimate total lipids and (after separation by thin-layer chromatog- raphy) the major lipid factions. A single acid dichromate reagent is used for all quantification of fecal lipids. Lipids in other body fluids can be con- Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sprinkler irrieation "eniently analyzed with this flexible method. •Organic wastes, 'Waste water disposal, Air pollu- (Christenbury-fowa State) tmn U/a*** *u*lt..*: **j_ **« ' r" 0032 - NATURAL WASTES, Soil Conservation Service. Washington D C W.E. Bullard, Jr. ^Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, November 1968, tion. Water pollution. Odor. Effluents. Sewage ef- fluents, Dilution Decomposing organic matte. In- sects, Mites, Bacteris, Fungi. Algae, Nitrites Nitrates,J)etergents, Phosphates. "«™». Microscopic or- , Cheese factory , . ceMO™ of f"" products are find- «n *£?! "If"" producte of *** operations generally can be returned to the land with less hazard to the environment than when discharged into streams. By completing the natural cycle of growth, death, and decay on the land where crops are produced they make use of a legion of disposer organisms in the soil capable of decom- posing organic wastes on site. When sprayed on grass or crops, the effluent serves the dual purpose of imgating and fertilizing the field, thus, agricul- ture has the potential means of disposing of its own wastes and preventing or reducing environmental pollution. Numerous examples are given of return- ing sewage treatment effluents, pulp and papermill effluents, and cheese factory waste waters, among others, to the land by sprinkler irrigation. The prin- ciple behind these successful operations is'that of getting material produced from the land back onto *" 1^L*hls,re ""y can •* U8ed a**"11 in produc- tion. (White-Iowa State) 0033 - E2 IRRIGATING WITH ANIMAL WASTE, Soil Conservation Service, Hermiston, Oreg. Clarence Underwood. Soil Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, November 1968, p 81-82. 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Irrigation, •Sewage disposal, Effluent, Soil conservation. Odor, Fertilization, Lagoons, Sprinkler irrigation, Nitrogen, Waste dilution, Water pollution. Identifiers: 'Soil Conservation Service, Velocity- controlled water outlets. Holding basin. Two brothers purchased a civilian housing facility from the Umatilla Army Depot and converted the 57 units to hog production. Wastes from the 22,000 hog per year facility are flushed into a gutter, through a sewer system and into the first of two lagoons. A second holding basin allows additional settlement and dilution of solids. From here it is pumped to irrigate about 500 acres of land. The brothers estimate that their system puts about 5 pounds of nitrogen per acre on a field each time it is irrigated. The crops are fertilized, little odor is noticeable, and no water pollution has been de- tected. (White-Iowa State) 0035 - AS, Bl, Dl. E3 TREATMENT OF BEEF-CATTLE WASTE WATER FOR POSSIBLE REUSE, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. G. L. Pratt, R. E. Harkness, R. G. Butler,}. L. Parsons, and M. L. Buchanan. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 4, 1969, p 471-473.2 fig, 3 tab, 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Septic tank, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de- mand. Hydrogen ion concentration. Effluents, Aeration, Dissolved oxygen. Turbidity, Aluminum. Identifiers: 'Settling tank, 'Slatted floor. 'Reuse, Total solids. Volatile solids. Aluminum sulfate. Removing solid materials from wastes that have been washed from a livestock barn with water can be accomplished in several ways. In trials at the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station set- tling tanks were evaluated. Treatments of overflow from the settling tank by aeration and chemical coagulation were compared with settling only. The equipment consisted of an 8x8 foot animal shelter with a steel-slatted floor. Manure was washed from under the floor to a settling tank. A secondary treatment tank was installed to receive overflow from the settling tank, A pump end holding tank was used so that the effluent from the secondary treatment tank could be used in washing the floor under the steel slats. Aeration and treatment with alum did not upgrade the waste water sufficiently to make the water odorfree. It was also colored. Other treatment will be needed to remove the odor before the water can be suitable for reuse in wash- ing the building. (White-Iowa State) 0036 - A9, E3 OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF THE RE-USE OF BROILER LITTER ON THE IN- CIDENCE OF MAREK'S DISEASE, Delaware Univ., Newark. G. W. Chaloupka, R. W. Lloyd, J. F. Gordy, and L. M. Greene. Poultry Science, Vol 47, p 1660,1968. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Condemnation, 'Poultry, 'Disinfection, Public health. Pollution abatement, 'Diseases. Identifiers: 'Marek's disease, Broiler house. Litter re-use. Leucosis, Immunity, Causative agent. Four different studies involving several trials have been conducted at the University of Delaware Sub- station in which the performance of broilers grown on re-used litter, was compared to those grown on new litter. These studies over a period of several years have shown that broiler condemnations due to leucosis have in most instances been lower for the broilers grown on re-used litter. This substan- tiates the findings of many field studies and by at least one private research farm. These results would indicate that a failure to clean out and disin- fect the broiler house before placing each new lot of chicks is not a primary factor in increasing the incidence of Marek's disease. It is not known whether these results are due to developing a par- tial immunity due to contact with the causative agent in the litter at an early age, or whether the causative agent is destroyed in some way in the reused litter. (White-Iowa State) 0037 - A2, F2 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLA- TION, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Raymond C. Loehr. Condensation of report NA68-304 available from ASRE, St. Joseph, Mich. 49085, $0.50. Agricul- tural Engineering, Vol 50, August 1969, p 468-470. 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution, 'Legislation, Water pollution control. Water Quality Act, Biochemical oxygen demand Phosphates, Effluents. Identifiers: 'Treatment processes. Aerobic oxida- tion pond, Aerated lagoon. Oxidation ditch, Minimum removal efficiencies, Water quality criteria. Agricultural production facilities must consider waste disposal as an important aspect of their operations. Waste treatment and disposal facilities are becoming important parts of agricultural production facilities. They must be evaluated whenever expansion or establishment of new facili- ties U underway. Highly efficient secondary treat- ment processes perhaps including nutrient removal and disinfection may be necessary for discharging waste waters to surface water*. The need for and cost of these processes should cause a re-evaluation of the comparative costs of handling, treatment, and disposal of agricultural wastes as a solid. Land disposal is another alternative. When agricultural wastes are handled to avoid polluting surface waters, other types of pollution must be avoided. Mere transferral of pollution from one sphere to another will no longer be tolerated. These are among the aspects which this paper deals with (White-Iowa State) 0038 - A2, Bl, E2 PONDS STOP POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOTS. Soil Conservation Service, Salina, Kans. George R. Smith, and F. DeWitt Abbott Soil Conservation, Vol 34, No 4, Nov 1968 n 78- 79.2 fig. * Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water Quality Act, Ponds, Kansas. Water pollution, Dams, Runoff, Soil, Sprinkler irrigation. Identifiers: 'Feedlou, Soil Conservation Service Detention ponds, Kansas State Department of Health, Solid waste, Liquid waste. In compliance with the Federal Water Quality Act of 1965 and a 1967 Kansas State law a northwest Kansas feedlot is retaining and disposing of animal wastes in a non-pollutional manner. The 14,000 head beef feedlots U located at the headwaters of a subdrainage area of Hackberry Creek. The feedlot, covering 100 acres, drains into two intermittent natural draws. Each draw hast a pair of detention ponds. One collects solid wastes, and below this * second pond holds drainage from the first pond. Pipes with slide gates provide controlled drainage of liquids from the solid-waste ponds into the liquid waste ponds. The dami were built to state health department standards to contain 3 inches of runoff 190 image: ------- from the feedlot. The excess water from the lower ponds will be used for irrigation. The ponds are flat bottomed to facilitate removal of solid wastes. (White-Iowa State) 0039 - D4 LABOR-FREE MANURE DISPOSAL, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Rex Wilmore. Farm Journal, Vol 93, No 8, August 1969, p 26C- 26D. 1 Hg. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Lagoons, Aerobic bacteria, Effluent, Sprinkler irrigation, Storage capacity, Water pollution, Odors, Efficien- cies, Slurries, Oxygen, Organic matter, Pumps, Labor, Costs, Management. Identifiers: 'Floating aerator, Suspended solids, Volatile solids. Research at Purdue University indicates that a floating aerator in a lagoon can provide a low cost system that promises to avoid pollution dangers and saves labor. Manure is dumped into the lagoon once each day although it is better to have it con- tinuously trickle in. Extra water is added to bring the solids content down to 2% or 3% for top effi- ciency. The aerator, a big doughnut-like float with an electric motor on top driving an impeller, runs continuously The impeller forces a spray of slurry up over the float, mixing air into the lagoon, so aerobic bacteria can break down manure without odors. Periodically a small pump pulls out some of the mixed slurry and sprinkles it through a 'big gun' type nozzle onto grassland. The irrigation lowers the lagoon, which allows more water dilution and removes the suspended solids that won't decom- pose. Other advantages include low labor cost as compared to pits and spreaders, and minimal management. Its biggest disadvantage might be getting the manure into the lagoon each day. (White-Iowa State) 0040 - B3 PHYSICAL AM) BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE LITTER MATERIALS, Purdue Univ.. Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Animal Sciences. Paul L. Ruszler, and James R. Carson. Poultry Science, Vol 47,p 1712,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, 'Absorption, Moisture, Particle size, Laboratory tests. Waste water treatment. Waste treatment, Water pollution effects. Identifiers: 'Litter materials. Field conditions, Pe- anut shells. Pine bark, Ground cobs, Wood shavings, Cane pomace. The usefulness of peanut shells, pine bark, ground cobs, wood shavings and cane pomace as litter materials in rooster production was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions on the basis of their physical properties and effects on the birds during a 14-week growing period. When the amount and rate of moisture exchange was com- pared, it was found that all five materials differed significantly. When ranked by grams of moisture absorbed per gram of dry weight, cane was highest, followed fay shavings, cobs, shell, and bark. The materials with the smaller particle sizes absorbed less total moisture in both growing house and laboratory tests. The same materials rated low in breast blister incidence, but without statistical sig- nificance. (White-Iowa State) 0041 - Cl. E2 THE EFFECTS 6f FARMYARD MANURE ON MATRIC SUCTIONS PREVAILING IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL, National Vegetable Research Station, Wel- lesbourncf England). P. J, Sailer,G. Berry, and J. B. Williams. Journal of Soil Science, Vol 18, No 2, 1967, p 318- 328. 3 fig, 2 tab, 25 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soils, 'Soil moisture, Field capacity. Wilting point. Equations. Identifiers: 'Soil matric suctions, Ryegrass, Availa- ble-water capacity, Moisture characteristic. Soil matric suctions under a crop of ryegrass on far- myard manure-treated and untreated plots were determined over a total period of 24 weeks from March to November. The soil moisture charac- teristic of each plot was determined five times throughout this period, and for each plot and on every occasion a linear relationship was found between moisture content and log matric suction. A formula was derived to account for the seasonal changes in moisture characteristic • and it was then possible to obtain matric suction values from the soil moisture contents obtained from twice-weekly sampling of each plot. Although differences between available-water capacity of the manured and unmanured plots were small throughout the 6- month period of sampling, the soil matric suctions of the manured plots were almost always lower than those of the unmanured plots. The lower suc- tions prevailing in the manured soil could be a fac- tor contributing to the higher yields of ryegrass ob- tained from the manured plots as compared with those obtained from the unmanured plots. (White- Iowa State) 0042 - A3, E2 . STREAM ENRICHMENT FROM FARM OPERA- TIONS, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Neal E. Minshall, Stanley A. Witzel, and Merle S. Nichols. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings of ASCE, Vol 96, No SA2, April 1970, p 513-524. 2 fig. 5 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, 'Runoff, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash, Wisconsin, Water pollution. Nutrients, Precipitation, Rates of appli- cation. Corn, Frozen ground. Identifiers: 'Nutrientlosses, Collection tanks. In order to obtain information on the amount of fertilizer materials lost in runoff water from farm lands under cultivation, eight plots, 10x40 ft. in size, were established on the University of Wiscon- sin Agricultural Experiment Station Farm near Lancaster, Wisconsin. Investigations involving fer- tilizer and manure applications and tosses in sur- face runoff were begun in 1966 and were continued through 1969. Each plot was completely sur- rounded by a galvanized metal border which prevented surface runoff from entering or leaving the plots, located on a 10% to 12% slope. Runoff was collected in a trough at the lower end and tun- neled to a measuring tank. Manure was applied at the rate of 15 tons per acre in the winter and spring. Later corn was planted in 30 inch rows pn the con- tour. Up to 20% of N, 13% of P, and 33% of K nutrients in winter applied manure, on frozen ground, may be lost under conditions favoring max- imum early spring runoff. Nutrient losses in surface runoff from plots having manure applied in the summer and incorporated into the soil were less than from check plots, which received no manure. (White-Iowa State) 0043 - E3 FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BROILER LITTER, Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Dept. of Animal Sciences. Ernest Ross. Poultry Science, Vol 47, I9«8, p 1711-1712. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Fumigants, Broods, Performance, Mortality, 'Waste treat- ment. Identifiers: Weight gains. Feed conversion, Reused litter. Litter, Methyl bromide. A series of experiments was conducted to compare the performance of broiler chicks reared on fresh and reused wood shavings litter. In addition, the ef- fect of methyl bromide fumigation of reused litter on subsequent chick growth, feed conversion and mortality was studied. Non-fumigated fresh and reused litters served as controls. Methyl bromide fumigation reduced the total bacterial population of reused litter. This reduction, however, did not result in any significant improvement in body weight gains, feed conversion or mortality. The performance of the chicks reared on the fumigated litter was similar to that of chicks reared on reused litter and slightly superior to that of chicks reared on fresh wood shavings litter. The mortality o f chicks reared on fresh litter was slightly lower than in the groups on the reused litters. (White-Iowa State) 0044 - B3. D4, E3 THE DIGESTION OF POULTRY FECES UNDER CAGES, Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Poultry Science. J.R. Howes. Poultry Science. Vol 47, p 1682,1968. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic conditions, Odor, Aerobic bacteria. Fertilizer, Nitrogen, Stabilization, 'Waste treatment Identifiers: 'Absorbent substrate, 'Cage operation, * Inoculation, Control plots. A series of small experiments were carried out under cages with and without concrete floors, using various absorbent substrates for poultry feces. After an initial buildup period, the feces and sub- strate was inoculated with aerobic bacteria and aerobic conditions maintained by disturbing the surface cake at intervals. These experiments led to a field trial without any absorbent substrate at a large cage operation in south Florida, which has now been in operation for 18 months. Odors and flies have been largely eliminated except in control plots and spraying for fly control greatly reduced. The bulk of the fecal pile was less than half the volume of the control plots due to stabilization of nitrogen and water losses. Feathers were digested if they were incorporated into the fecal pile and the resulting material was a homogenous, odorless fer- tilizer which has been used in urban gardens and on golf greens. (White-Iowa State) 0045 - C5 THE POTENTIAL DIGESTIBILITY OF CELLU- LOSE IN FORAGE AND FAECES, University of New England, Armidale (Australia). Dept. of Agronomy. R.J.Wilkins. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol 73, No 1, 1969, p 57-64. 1 fig, 6 tab, 35 ref. Deicriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cellulose, 'Digestion, •Incubation, Grasses, Forages, Sheep. Nitrogen. Carbohydrates, Organic matter. Analytical techniques. Identifiers: 'Potential digestibility, 'Digestibility coefficients, 'Cellulose digestibility, Duration of digestion. Rumen, Ryegrass, Cocksfoot, Cailide Rhodes grass, Samford Rhodes grass, Lignified and cutinized tissue. The potential digestibility of cellulose is defined as the maximum digestibility obtainable when the conditions and duration of digestion are not limit- ing factors. Techniques for measuring potential cel- lulose digestibility were examined and the relation- ship between potential digestibility and in vivo cel- lulose digestibility was explored for a range of grasses. Cellulose digestibility was found to reach a maximum value after 5 days incubation in vitro. No further cellulose was digested when the residues 191 image: ------- from an initial incubation for 6 days were incu- bated with a lecond rumen liquor inoculum. The .values measured after a tingle incubation of 6 days 'duration were similar to cellulose digestibility coef- ficients measured by the suspension of ground forage samples in nylon bags in the rumen for 6 days. Plant factors appear to limit further digestion and the residue from prolonged digestion in vitro consisted only of lignified and cutinized tissue. Potential cellulose digestibility measured by either of the above techniques was higher than cellulose digestibility in vivo. The difference varied between forages and when the difference was large, the digestibility of cellulose in faeces was high. It is sug- gested that measurements of the potential digesti- bility of cellulose in feed and faeces may be of use in estimating the digestibility of grazed herbage. (White-Iowa State) Farm wastes, Fertilizers, Crop response, Deficient elements. Identifiers: Organic fertilizers, Nigeria, Organic manures. Soil acidity, incipient potassium deficiency, and a deficiency of one or more trace elements were limiting factors in three trials of long-term soil fer- tility changes under continuous cultivation in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria. The effectiveness of organic manures is explained largely or wholly in terms of these factors, since no evidence has yet been found to suggest that the addition of organic matter as such is of value. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0046 - AS. A10. F3 r'AItM WASTE DISPOSAL-AMENITY AND GOOD NF.IGHBOURLINESS, K. B.C.Jones. Great Britain Ministry of Agriculture, Vol 77, No 4,p 165-167, April 1970. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Water pollu- tion, 'Building codes. Identifiers: 'Noise, 'Nuisances, 'Legal action. Solid refuse. A general picture of waste pollution in England's country-side is shown by comparing today's production and disposal with that of yester-year's. Nuisances that are annoying to both farmers and city-dwellers are described. The rights and liabili- ties of both farmer and city-dwellers are outlined. (Miner-Iowa State) 0047 - F4 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF BEEF CAT- TLE FEEDLOTS, Queensland Univ., Brisbane (Australia). Dept. of Animal Husbandry. W.J.Pryor. Australian Veterinary Journal, Vol 46, No 4, April 1970, p 173-177. 2 tab, I fig, 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Animal diseases, 'Costs, Profit, Nutrient requirements. Silage, Sorghum, Wheat, Performance, Water pollution control Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Feelot management, Feed- ing systems, Green chop. It is believed the emergence of a large feedlot in- dustry will be dependent primarily on two factors, the first being the availability of cheap feed and the availability of store cattle at a price which will per- mit a margin after they have been lot fattened, and the other, the introduction of a satisfactory na- tional system of carcass grading and identification. A description is given of the principles involved in the management of feedlots with special reference to conditions operating in northern Australia. The importance of concentrate to roughage ratios and protein and mineral requirements are stressed. Dis- eases have played only a minor part in feedlot management in Australia thus far, and it is sug- gested that the veterinarian can play a more useful role in supplying sound advice on economic feed- ing and management. (White-Iowa State) 0049 - D4, E2 USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT RENOVATION AS A FUNCTION OF DEPTH AND APPLICATION RATE, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. I K. Koelliker, and J. R. Miner. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 13, No 4, p 496-499, July-Au- gust 1970.3 fig, 4 tab, 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Denitrification, 'Nitrogen, 'Irriga- tion, Farm wastes, Chemical oxygen demand, Lagoons, Nitrates, Nitrites, Ammonia, Bacteria, Treatment, Disposal, Anaerobic conditions, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Nitrogen balance, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonaa, Lagoon effluent. Application rates. This paper reports the findings from a study where lagoon effluent was applied to soil for final treat- ment. The active soil profile appears to offer great potential as a final treatment media for partly treated animal wastes. Anaerobic livestock-lagoon effluent sprinkled on grass-covered soil profile reduced the COD, phosphorous, and nitrogen con- centrations 95, 99, and 80 percent, respectively in 3 months. Loading range was 13.9 to 30.5 hi. of lagoon effluent. Removal of COD was attributed to biological activity and physical filtration in the upper inches of soil. Phosphorus reduction resulted from chemical activity of the clay fraction near the soil surface. Nitrogen reduction was attributed primarily to dentrification in the soil profile. It was recommended that if nitrogen reduction is a goal in waste water disposal, a rather wet schedule should be followed. The applied waste water should con- tain some organic load so that a substrate will be provided for the denitrifying bacteria. (Christenbu- ry-lowa State) 0048 - E2 SOIL FERTILITY UNDER CONTINUOUS CUL- TIVATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA. I. THE ROLE OF ORGANIC MANURES, R. G. Heathcote. Experimental Agriculture. Vol 6, No 3, p 229-237, 1970. 13 tab. Href. Descriptors: 'Trace elements, 'Limiting factors, 0050 - Bl, F4 TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Raymond C. Loehr. Industrial Water Engineering. Vol 7, No J1, p 14- 18, November 1970. 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Lagoons, Drying, Nutrients, Disposal, Inorganic compounds, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Nitrification, Denitrifica- tion, Confinement pens, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Holding tanks, In-house ditches, Oxida- tion ditches, Separation of wastes, Composting, System. Due to confinement feeding of livestock it has become doubtful from the profit standpoint to recycle manure by applying it to land. There has been an increase of 120% in the number of cattle of feed in the last IS years. Laws are being considered which make it mandatory to reduce the pollution potential of livestock waste. The nine most feasible systems for animal waste disposal are discussed. These systems utilize either holding tanks, in-house ditches, separation of wastes, or drying and com- posting. These systems will remove most of the or- ganic-oxygen-demanding material but not the inor- ganic nutrients. Land disposal has been effective for disposal of phosphorous. However land disposal for nitrogen may not be adequate. Two techniques for reducing the nitrogen load in animal waste is through ammonia release and the nitrification- denitnfication cycle. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0051 - A3 IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON WATER USES, Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla. James P. Law, Jr., and Harold Bernard. Transactions at the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Volume 13, No 4, p 474-478, July- August 1970. 3 tab, 23 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Irrigation, 'Salinity, 'Pollutants, 'Fertilizers, 'Water pollution sources, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de- mand, Disposal, Livestock, Agricultural chemicals, Aquatic life, Water quality, Fish, Dissolved oxygen, Aesthetics, Recreation, Pollutant identification. Identifiers: 'Agricultural pollutants, 'Aesthetic value, Total salt, Primary contact recreation. Secondary contact recreation. This paper discussed the water pollution potential of agricultural sources. Animal wastes, irrigation return flows, fertilizer application, and pesticides are the primary sources of agricultural pollutants. The water-quality criteria for water supplies are discussed as related to agricultural contaminants. Data is presented for the desirable and permissible limits of concentration for the various contami- nants. Agricultural is responsible for a major por- tion of the total salt in many rivers and streams. Data is given for the proposed safe limits of water salinity for livestock. The impact that agricultural pollutants has on fish, other aquatic life, and wil- dlife is discussed. Examples are cited where pollu- tants have adversely affected fish and wildlife. Now is the time to build the cost of clean water into all of our operations. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0052 - A4, C3 NITROGEN CONTAMINATION OF GROUND- WATER BY BARNYARD LEACHATES, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science R. W. Gillham, and L. R. Webber. J Water Pollut Contr Federation, Vol 41, No 10 p 1752-1762, Oct 1969.11 p, 10 fig. 2 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle. 'Leaching, 'Water pollution sources, Path of pollutants. Water pollution effects, Nutrients, Groundwater movement. Nitrogen, Waste water (Pollution). Identifiers: Cattle wastes, Feedlot wastes. A zone of nitrogen-contaminated groundwater as- sociated with a barnyard was studied to determine the quantity of inorganic nitrogen reaching the groundwater from the barnyard. From piezometric potential and hydraulic conductivity measure- ments, quantitative flow nets were drawn per- mitting groundwater discharge calculations. An in- crease from 2 to 15 mg/l inorganic nitrogen oc- curred in the groundwater as it passed beneath the barnyard. This resulted in a contribution of 4.4 Ib (2.0 kg) of inorganic nitrogen made by the bar- nyard to the groundwater during the 5-month study period. The concentration of nitrogen was related to the direction of groundwater flow and was de- pendent on the presence of conditions suitable for the leaching of nitrogen and the dilution potential of the local groundwater flow system. The surface topography proved to be a poor indication of the direction of groundwater flow. (Knapp-USGS) 0053 - B3 FARMYARD MANURE HANDLING. Ministry of Agriculutre, Fisheries and Food, ton- 192. image: ------- don (England). Mechanization Leaflet For Farmers and Growers, No 8, December 1965.6 p. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Disposal, 'Equipment, Operations, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Machinery, 'System, Loaders, Spreaders, Scrapers, United Kingdom. This leaflet describes the more important types of equipment and working methods used at present in the United Kingdom for farmyard manure handling. Loading and spreading equipment are discussed. Recommendations are made as to the most efficient methods of combining the available men and equipment into an operating system for manure disposal. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0054 - Al, F4 POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK FEEDING OPERATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA, South Dakota State Univ.. Brook ings. Dcpt. of Civil Engineering. James N. Dronbush. Sponsored by the SDSU College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, und the College of F.nginccr- ing. Proceedings South Dakota Agriculture and Water Quality - A Symposium on Water Pollution, 1970, p 37-46,4 tab, 3 fig. Descriptors: 'South Dakota, 'Runoff, 'Pollutants, Farm wastes, Lagoons, Cost sharing. Locating, Cat- tle. Identifiers: 'Pollution potential, 'Population equivalents, FcedloU. The overall pollution problem for livestock feeding operations may not be as critical in South Dakota as has been assumed. Certain climatic factors ap- pear favorable, nevertheless, fccdlots poorly locitcd with excessive drainage may be expected to cause problems especially to lakes. General prinic- plcs are available as guide lines for construction to control pollution and cost sharing is available. Although research can be expected to provide greater related knowledge, there appears to be lit- tle excuse for delaying the program of active feedlot pollution control particularly with all planned new construction for expansion of the feeding industry. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0055 - F4 MISSION IMPOSSIBLE! DISPOSE ANIMAL WASTES, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E.PaulTaiganides. Purdue University, Engineering Extension Service, Bulletin No 133, p 542-549, 1969. 1 fig, 4 tab, 10 ref. (Proceedings 24th Industrial Watte Con- ference). Descriptors: 'Transportation, 'Disposal, •Management, Farm wastes, Lagoons, Production, Anaerobic digestion, Aerobic treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand. Gases, Dehydration, Odor. Identifiers: 'Generation, 'Processing, 'Utilization, Waste management, Anaerobic lagoons. Gas production, Composting. The development of a 'waste management technology' analogous to the new patterns of animal production and in harmony wiUrour need to keep our natural resources from being polluted it not an impossible mission but rather a challenging mission whose resolution it requiring of engineers and scientists the same ingenuity that has been shown in developing modern methods of produc- tion of consumer goods. This paper discusses the changes and trends in the components of animal waste management. The discussion is divided into five areas: waste generation, waste transportation. waste processing, waste utilization and waste disposal. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0056 - D4 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR TREATING DAIRY WASTES, AUis-Chalmen Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Ronald L. Antonie, and Fred M. Welch. Purdue University, Engineering Extension Service, Bulletin No. 135, p 115-126, 1969. Proceedings 24th Industrial Waste Conference. Descriptors: 'Equipment, 'Aerobic conditions, •Biological treatment, 'Biomass, Farm wastes, Aeration, Microorganisms, Biodegradation, Chemical oxygen demand. Identifiers: 'Loading Contractor, Field test. rate, Rotating Biological Field testing of a device called the 'Rotating Biological Contractor' or 'RBC' is the subject of this paper. The device consists of a series of discs which are mounted on a shaft and rotated while partially submerged in the waste to be treated. A microbial film develops on the surface of the discs. The rotation of the discs carry the microorganisms into the air for aeration so that they can carry on aerobic activity. The field tests have shown that the RBC can effectively treat waste from a dairy plant. Varying weather conditions have no apparent ef- fect on RBC effectiveness. RBC characteristics of a large microbial population, flexible aeration capacity, little maintenance, low power require- ments and predictable performance make the RBC an attractive process for biological treatment of dairy wastes. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0057 - AS, A6, Bl THE MENACE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN ANIMAL UNITS, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept of Agricultural Engineering. E. Paul Taigonidei, and Richard K. White. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 3, 1969, p 359-362,367.2 tab, 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Gases, * Effects, Car- bon dioxide. Oxygen, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Methane, Lethal limit, Toxicity, Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Ventilation, Treatment Identifiers: 'Concentrationi, Storage pits, Pit cleaning, Lethal situations. The paper begins with a description of noxious gates and it is noted that animal deaths have oc- curred as the result of an accumulation of these gases. The gases, their properties and charac- teristics listed, are carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other gates. Ox- ygen it listed to show its indispensability inside a confinement building. Animal response to menac- ing concentrations of these gases is described. A table lists different properties of the noxious gases and their physiological effects on the animals. Possibly fatal concentrations are noted, along with the potentially lethal situations which may bring about these concentrations. Among these situa- tions are ventilation breakdowns, pit stirring and pit cleaning:. Finally, the control of noxious gases is emphasized. Preventive measures, moderating the effects of noxious gases, and treatment of affected animals are all discussed. (White-Iowa State) 0058 - B2, E3 REUSE OF WASH WATER FOR CLEANING CAGED LAYER HOUSES, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. R. L. Witt, G. L. Pratt, and J. L. Sell. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 6, p 807- 812, November 1969.7 fig. Descriptors: 'Recirculated water, Farm wastes. Poultry, Storage tanks, Equipment, Odor. Identifiers: Flushing gutters, Manure. A liquid manure handling system was designed for a poultry house. Manure is collected in concrete gutters beneath the cages. A flushing process is used to clean the gutters. A wooden scrape is forced down the length of the gutter by pressure ex- erted by water that had been added behind the scrape. The water was collected in an outside pit for reuse. This system has been effective for reduc- ing the total quantity of water required for cleaning the poultry house. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0059 - F4 THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANURE, California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. S. A. Hart. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 3, p 78-80, 1960. 4 fig, Itab, 13ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Disposal, 'Manage- ment, Storage, California, Dehydration, Livestock, Fertilizers, Value. Identifiers: *Composting, 'Sanitation, Processing. House fly, Musca domestica, Carbon to nitrogen ratio, Production. Manure management will seldom be a profit-mak- ing part of the farming enterprise. In most cases the cost of proper handling will exceed the value of the manure as a fertilizer or soil amendment. Even so, manure handling is as necessary a chore as is feed- ing or animal care. Through proper manure management the net cost of handling the manure can be minimized and the sanitation requirements of the farming operation fulfilled. The procedures of systems engineering are applicable to the management of livestock manure, and can be stated as the specific operations of: (a) gathering and cleaning up the manure, (b) storing or processing it, and (c) utilizing or disposal of it. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0060 - A4, F3 RELATION OF AGRICULTURE TO GROUND- WATER POLLUTION: A REVIEW, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. J. W. D. Robbins, and G. J. Kriz. Trans Amer Soc Agr Eng, Vol 12, No 3, p 397-403, May-June 1969. 7 p, 2 tab, 97 ref. Descriptors: 'Agricultural engineering, 'Ground- water, 'Pollutants, 'Farm wastes, Agriculture, Pol- lution abatement. Farm management, Waste water (Pollution), Pesticides, Insecticides, Herbicides, Bibliographies, Saline water, Irrigation water, Waste water disposal. Waste disposal. Water pollu- tion, Water pollution control, Water Pollution sources. Identifiers: Ground water quality, Pollution control. Groundwater is a water resource and a potential medium for receiving wastes. Agricultural enter- prises produce wastes that can lead to rapid degradation of groundwater. Agricultural en- gineers are responsible for evaluating agricultural groundwater pollution problems and recommend- ing control and abatement measures. The purpose of this paper is to orient agricultural engineers on groundwater pollution problems caused by agricul- tural practices in 3 general areas: (1) evaluation of groundwater as a receiving medium for agricultural wastes; (2) characterization of the source of the pollutants; and (3) delineation of the types of solu- tions needed for agricultural groundwater quality problems. Agricultural groundwater pollutants reviewed are animal wastes, fertilizers, pesticides, plant residues, and saline waste water. (USER) 193 image: ------- 0061 - A3 SURFACE RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES OF FENNIMORE WATERSHEDS, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Slate of Wisconsin. S. A. Wit/el, Neal E. Minshall, M. Starr Nichols, and John Wilke. Transaction!! of the ASAE, Veil 12, No 3, 1969, p .1J8-34l.4tab.3fig.5ref. Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, 'Nutrients, Fertil- izers, Farm wastes. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassi- um. Wisconsin, Agricultural watersheds, Discharge, Soils, Topography, Geology, Cover crops, weirs. Precipitation, Snow. Identifiers: 'Runoff sampler, Fennimore, Wiscon- sin. The paper describes the soils, geology, topographic features and cover of a 330 acre watershed near Fennimore, Wisconsin. The watershed was subdi- vided and wiers were placed with semi-automatic runoff samplers to sample winter runoff water The amount of commercial fertilizer as well as manure that was applied was determined. The runoff sam- ples were analyzed and the amount of nutrients lost was calculated from the wier calibration. The amount of runoff during the winter of 1967 was about twice the 29 year average. The nutrients lost in surface runoff were much greater than those in the base How of southwestern Wisconsin streams. In a year of average runoff, assuming nutrient losses directly proportional to runoff, the losses would be 2 Ib. nitrogen, 0.6 Ib. phosphorus and 4 Ib. potassium per acre. (White-Iowa State) 0062 - A2, Bl, Dl MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES, Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst, Ames. Richard R. Dague, and Kenneth J. Kline. Iowa State Water Resources Research Institute Report No 69-4, Iowa University, Project Completion Re- port, June 30, 1969. 195 p, 99 fig, 20 tab, 19 ref, 4 append. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens, •Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, Lagoons, Water pollution control. Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Feedlot wastes, Waste management. The effects of hydrologic factors on the control of runoff from open feedlots were studied. Manage- ment and treatment techniques are discussed and evaluated. Rainfall, runoff, and streamflow are the primary factors to consider in managing cattle feedlot runoff. The nature, volume, and rate of delivery of runoff are directly related to rainfall. Storage requirements depend upon the volume of runoff, whereas the retention pond discharge rate should be proportional to streamflow. Terraces and retention ponds will reduce the pollution from cat- tle feedlot runoff. Application to land appears to be the most practical method of disposal for both the solids and the liquid. When applied to agricultural land, the waste has some economic value. Reten- tion ponds may not remove sufficient amounts of suspended solids, BOD, COD, and nutrients to pro- vide safe effluents for disposal to streams. (Knapp- USGS) Radioactive wastes. Air pollution effects. Identifiers: 'Contaminants, Biological contami- nants. Pesticides, industrial and municipal wastes, radioactive materials, microbes, and other poten- tial pollutants are coming in contact with our soils in ever increasing amounts. This article discusses certain sources of soil contaminants and outlines a few of the research techniques being used in an at- tempt to understand their behavior in soils. Agricultural chemicals may become harmful pollu- tants if improperly used. Sewage and industrial wastes make up the bulk of contaminating sub- stances produced by our society. Waste disposal is related to biological contamination of water sup- plies by bacteria and viruses. Radioactive con- tamination and some air pollutants come into con- tact with the soil. The movement of some of the soil pollutants is discussed. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0063 - A3, A6, A7, A9 SOIL POLLUTANTS: THEIR ORIGIN AND BEHAVIOR, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology. D. E. Elrick, J. W. fiiggar, and L. R. Webber. Journal Soil Water Conservation, Vol 21, p 7-11, 1966. 3 fig, 26 ref. Descriptors: 'Pollutants, *Pesticide residues, 'Degradation (Decomposition), Farm wastes, Pol- lutant identification, Effluents, Pesticides, Sewage, Domestic wastes, Disposal, 2-4-D, DDT, Chlorides, 0064 - C5 URINARY CREATININE AS AN INDEX COM- POUND FOR ESTIMATING RATE OF EXCRE- TION OF STEROIDS IN THE DOMESTIC SOW, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. R. E. Erb, S. A. Tillson, G. D. Hodgen, and E. D. Plotka. Journal Paper No 3644, Purdue University Agricul- tural Experiment Station. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 30, No I, p 79-85, January 1970. 5 tab, 20 ref. Descriptors: Farm wastes, Urine, Hogs, Livestock, Animal physiology. Identifiers: 'Steroids, 'Creatinine, Index com- pound. During two experiments urine was collected form 36 yearling sows to estimate rate-of-excretion of creatinine and to evaluate its use as an index com- pound. Excretion rate averaged 205 mg/hr. and 1.35 mg/hr./kg live weight for Experiment I as com- pared to 201 mg/hr. and 1.38 mg/hr./kg live weight for Experiment II. Measurement of urine volume for 48-hr, allows estimation of creatinine excretion rate of sows with coefficients of variability of 7-8%. In comparison, the coefficients of variability were 18 and 13%, respectively, for 12-hr, and 24-hr. periods. These experiments show that the ratio, microgram steroid per mg urinary creatinine is an accurate method for expressing rate of excretion of steroids in urine. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0065 - F4 AGRICULTURE POSES WASTE PROBLEMS. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 12, p 1098-1100, December 1970.2 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollutants, 'Wastes identification, 'Environmental effects, Water pol- lution sources. Identifiers: 'High intensity fanning, Contamina- tion, Plant emissions, Government action. Increasing concentration and intensity of agricul- tural activities necessary to the development and prosperity of (he economy, are responsible for many new environmental issues. Primary sources of pollution resulting from agricultural practices can be grouped as: animal wastes, wastes from processing of raw agricultural products, rural domestic wastes, and sediment from land; also plant nutrients from fertilizers, inorganic salts and minerals resulting from irrigation, pesticides, aeroallergens and infectious agents contribute to the problem; paniculate and gaseous substances derived from the combustion of wastes and natural plant emmissiom add to the problem. A brief description of these sources and some possible solutions are presented. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0066 - B2, C2, D4 THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA ON THE RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF SOLIDS IN INDOOR MANURE DIGESTION TANKS, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Ali A. AI-Timimi, W. J. Owings, and John L. Adams. Poultry Science, Vol 44, p 112-115, 1965. 3 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Digestion tanks. Volume, Least squares method, Overflow, Lagoons, Waste treatment. Identifiers: 'Surface area. Dry matter, Hen weight. Feed consumption, Egg weight. Ten stainless steel tanks were utilized to form four volume and two surface area allowances. Leghorn type pullets were placed in eight inch cages over the tanks and their manure was allowed to accumu- late in liquid for 20 weeks. At the end of each 2 week period, dry matter determinations were made and hen weight, feed weight and egg production were recorded. The dry matter percentages were put on a 3.5 cu. ft/bird basis and the changes in per. cent dry matter from one period to another were calculated. Cubage and surface area per bird seemed to have no significant effects on the rate of digestion of the solids in the tanks. Periods and the interaction between treatments and periods were highly significant. Although the manure output is influenced by factors such as hen weight, feed con- sumption and egg weight, none of these factors showed any significant effect, because of the uniform distribution of the hens assigned to the treatments. Liquid overflow was inversely related to the surface area per bird. At least 3.5 cu. ft of water per bird is needed to provide for biennial cleaning. (White-Iowa State) 0067 - Bl, Dl EFFLUENT DISPOSAL - STILL A MAJOR PROBLEM, Wright Raine Ltd. W. T. A. Rundle. Journal and Proceedings of the Institution of Agricultural Engineers, Vol 21, p 134-139,1965.5 fig, 5 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurries, Sludge, Sprinkler irrigation. Pumping, Storage tanks. Labor, Volume, Rates of application. Identifiers: "Field spreading. Vacuum tanks. Mechanical agitation. Equipment and methods of manure disposal used in handling manure slurries are described. The equip- ment is broadly divided into two categories includ- ing mobile trailer type equipment and pumping equipment. Several examples of each are given. Ta- bles list the waste production and labor required for each system ai a function of volume handled. A digester is also described, which reduces the volume of material put in by 20%, and produces a sludge with no smell. It is suggested that the cost of this operation would be prohibitive. A discussion follows centering on problems and solutions to problems which have arisen from the systems discussed. (White-Iowa State) 0068 - Bl. F2 POSSIBLE DEFENSES AGAINST NUISANCE COMPLAINTS, Illinois Univenity. H.w. Hannah. Poultry Digest, p. 601, December 1970. De«criptor»i '1*9*1 aspects, tarn «eete>, poul- try. Identifiers! Nuisance complaints. H.W. Hannah has outlined six possible defenses that may be used by poultrymen against nuisance complaints. Then include that the plaintiff is overientitiva and/or does not have the facts correct. The poultrynan nay claim that he was 194 image: ------- there first and/or that the araa i» zoned for agricultural use. Th« poultryman may clain that he hat considerable Investment In the operation. The poultryman may claim that the condition! will improve if granted additional tine. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0069 - BZ. 12, FZ CONNECTICUT REQUIREMENTS FOR LIQUID MANURE 'DISPOSAL. Connecticut Public Health Department Poultry Digest, December 1970, p. 583, Descriptors: "Connecticut, "regulation, "liquid wastes, farm wastes, pollutants, wastes disposal, water pollution. Identifiers; Liquefied nanure. The Connecticut Public Health Department has set forth requirements that poultrymen and others must follow. Liquefied manure should be spread on level fields so that it does not come within 200 feet of any watersupply. Ho liquefied ma- nure should be applied to frozen or snow-covered ground. No liquid manure should be applied when ground is saturated with rainfall or groundwater. Ho more than 5,000 gallons of liquid manure per acre should be applied at any one time. The fields should be given a rest period so that di- gesting of organic material can occur in the soil. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0070 - E2 SOILS AS AN ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Soil Science. William P. Martin. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 23, p 43-45, March-April 1970.18 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, *Sails, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Soil water, Water pollu- tion. Soil contamination, Soil surveys, Nutrients, Fertilizers, Soil properties, Value, Soil chemical properties, Soil physical properties, Soil erosion, Sedimentation, Minnesota. Identifier!: Waste disposal medium. Pollution of the soil-water complex occurs mostly because we have no other medium for waste disposal. The author discusses the various reactions which can be expected in soil with respect to nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The im- nortance of erosion and sedimentation control is also pointed out. It was stressed that considerable additional information is needed if we are to max- imize the use of the soil as a waste disposal medium in such a way as to minimize pollution. We must manage our natural resource! to accomodate our waste disposal needs with a minimum of pollution and still produce nutritious food in adequate amounts for our rapidly increasing population. (White-Iowa State) 0071 - A2, Bl, C5 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE FEEDLOTS TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION, Texas Technological Coll., Lubbock. Dept. of Civil wTrab™* C. Albin, D. M. Wells, and R. Z. Whcaton. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 12, 1969, p 490-492, 495. 2 tab, 5 fig, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Cattle, 'Water pollu- tion sources, Runoff, Precipitation, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Biochemical oxygen demand, Slopes, Surfaces, Feeds, Silage, Management, Design, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Ration composition, Feedlot layout, Waste accumulation. Incorporating both engineering and biological aspects, this report contains an analysis of data and suggests management and design practices that could reduce materially the pollution contributed by the confined land area where feeder cattle are maintained. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was concerned with the waste accumulation on the feedlot surface as in- fluenced by ration. The second phase of the project was concerned with determining the quality of liquid runoff as related to the rations fed to cattle, as related to the time of accumulation of the manure pack. For the first phase, ration composi- tion, its effect on quantity of excretion, and changes in the accumulated wastes are looked at. For the second phase, the effects of precipitation, surfacing material, land slope, depth of waste accu- mulation, feedlot layout, and ration composition are evaluated. Nitrogen, phosphorus and BOD were used as measures of pollution. (White-Iowa State) 0072 - E3 A NOTE ON THE UTILISATION BY CHICKENS OF ENERGY FROM FAECES, Queensland Univ., Brisbane (Australia). Dept. of Animal Husbandry. W. J. Pryor, and J. K. Connor. Poultry Science, Vol 43, p 833-834, 1964. 2 tab 2 ref. Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Energy, Wheat, Sorghum, Nitrogen. Identifiers: 'Metabolizable energy. Bomb calorimeter. Ration. Four groups of male chickens aged 22 days which had been on a trial to determine the metabolizable energy of grain sorghum, were allotted at random two to each treatment. Two groups were fed crushed grain sorghum. The remaining two groups were fed a ration consisting of 80% crushed gram sorghum mixed with 20% ftces resulting from a previous wheat trial. All four rations contained a standard broiler mineral and vitamin supplement. The results showed that the feces had a metaboliza- ble energy value of approximately 30% of the feed from which it originated. (White-Iowa State) 0073 - F2 STOCKMEN'S LIABILITY UNDER THE MIS- SOUR1 NUISANCE LAW, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Donald R. Levi, and John C. Holslcin. Science and Technology Guide, Published by the. University of Missouri-Columbia Extension Divi- sion; File: Ag Econ 3 3/70, 7M. p 381-584, (Mar 1970). Descriptors: 'Legal aspects, 'Regulation. Farm' wastes, Missouri. Identifiers: 'Pollution laws, "Nuisance law, 'Legal procedure, •Liability, Lawsuits, Stockmen. There is no one thing a livestock operator can do and gain absolute protection under the nuisance taw. Thus, it is imperative that you attempt to prevent such lawsuits from arising. This implies that those who follow a 'good neighbor' policy arc Ic«» likely 'to be sued. Try to avoid causing your neighbors discomfort. This guide only discusses some general principles affecting the civil liability of feedlot operators under the nuisance laws. If you are faced with potential air or water pollution problem, dont hesitate to disucss it with your attor- ney. (Christenbury-Iowa Stutc) 0074 - D4 AEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE WASTE, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- B'fleering. . D. Jones, J. C. Converse, and D. L. Day. Proceedings of C1GR (Commission Internationale du Genie Rural), p 204-211,1969.7 fig, 2 ref. Descriptors: *Oxygenation, 'Aeration, 'Foaming, Biochemical oxygen demand. Farm wastes. Swine, Lagoon, Dissolved-oxygen, Aerobic treatment, Odor, Gases; Liquid wastes, Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Total solids, Load- ing rate, Defoaming agent, In-the-building treat- ment. An oxidation ditch for in-the-building treatment of swine waste was evaluated. Odorless aerobic treat- ment could be obtained under the self-cleaning slatted floors of a confinement building by connect- ing the ends of the liquid-manure gutters and ad- ding a rotor aerator. The results indicate that load- ing rates of 6 cu. ft. or less per hog are not suitable for in-the-building, oxidation-ditch treatment. Loading rates of 8 cu. ft. per hog were most satisfactory. Oil was used as a defoaming agent when required. No foaming was encountered at loading rates higher than g.S cu. ft. per hog pro- vided sufficient oxygen was supplied. The mixed- liquor, 5-day BOD of swine waste was reduced from 40,000 to 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams per liter. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0075 - Bl, C3, D4, Fl HOG WASTE DISPOSAL BY LAGOONING, Illinois Dept. of Public Health, Springfield, III. Div. of Sanitary Engineering. Charles E. Clark. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil En- gineers, Vol 91, NoSA6,p 27-41, December 1965. 5 tab, I fig, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Farm lagoons. Odor, Scum, Gases, Bubbles, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Chemical oxygen demand, Coliforms, Sampling, Depth, Volume, Septic tanks, Dissolved oxygen, Costs, Nutrients, Chlorophyta, E. coli, An- tibiotics, Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, 'Hogs. Identifiers: 'Lagoon supernatant, Shock loading, Surface area. Farrowing house, Feeding house. Total solids. Volatile solids, Enterococcus, Penicil- lin, Algal population. The material presented consists of on-site observa- tions and test results obtained from samples col- lected from an operational farm lagoon in Illinois. The program centered on this lagoon since others around it had failed. The system itself is described and possible solutions given as to why it does work. Chemical properties or the lagoon supernatant and the raw waste are compared. On the basts of obser- vations made during this program, the most likely problem will be process failure caused by antibiotic effect, temperature change or shock loading. Stu- dies are underway concerning the harvesting and feeding of algae from the lagoon. Operational problems as well as costs are evaluated for the total system. Finally, a practical system Is suggested for the disposal of hog wastes. (White-Iowa State) 0076 - A3, A4, C3 NITRATE AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND FEEDLOTS, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div. B. A. Stewart, F. G. Viets, Jr.. 0. L. Hutchinson, andW.D. Kemper. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 1. No 9, p 736-739, September 1967.2 fig, 1 tab, 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrates, 'Farm wastes, Groundwater, Water pollution. Water table. Soils, Irrigation, Fertilizers, Precipitation, Corn, Hydrau- lic conductivity, Carbon, Oxidation-reduction potential, Alfalfa, Ammonium compounds Colorado. Identifier!: Feedlots, Soil cores, Groundwater pol- lution. South Platte. ^ Agriculture's effect on nitrate pollution of ground- water was investigated in the South Platte valley of image: ------- Colorado. The valley is intensively fanned and con- tains many concentrated livestock feeding opera- tions. A water table, generally between 3 and 20 meters below the surface, underlies much of the area. The average total nitrate-nitrogen to a depth of 6.7 meters in the profiles for the various kinds of land use was: alfalfa (13 cores), 70; native grass- land (17 cores), 81; cultivated dry land (21 cores), 233; irrigated fields not in alfalfa (28 cores), 452; and feedlots (47 cores), 1282 kg. per hectare. Croundwatcr samples often contained high con- centrations of nitrate, and those obtained beneath feedlots contained ammonium-nitrogen and or- ganic carbon. (White-Iowa State) 0077 - Bl, F4 FARM WASTE DISPOSAL IN RELATION TO CATTLE, National Agricultural Advisory Service, London (England). J. Gibbons. Water Pollution Control, Vol 67, No 6, 1968, p 622-626,2 tab, 4 rcf. Descriptors: 'Disposal (Wastes), "Waste treat- ment, 'Cattle. 'Livestock, 'Farm wastes. Costs, Silage, Effluent. Economic impact. Digestion, Drains, Groundwuter, Streams, Buildings, Con- struction. Identifiers: 'Farm waste disposal, 'Farm waste production. 'Cow cubicles, 'Dry-land farm. •Silage effluent. *Wel farms, Population equivalents of farm waste. Farming patterns, Solid systems. Organic irrigation. Slurry handling. Cubi- cle-housing/law labour system, Storage. Changes in the pattern of farming and consequent effects on the nature of manure disposal problem on farms are discussed. Modern systems of dairy farming, including the special impacts of widespread production of silage, and the growth of the cubicle system of housing are examined. The consequent effluent disposal problems arc evalu- ated. Design of disposal systems must lake into ac- count: animal waste quantity estimates and the population equivalents of these farm wastes. Also, a vital factor in design requirements is evaluation of the changing patterns of farming. Waste treatment and disposal are discussed from the viewpoints of solid systems, handling organic irrigation methods, and slurry handling methods. The factors affecting storage requirements and capacities are analyzed. An important consideration in most systems is to keep the volume of contaminated liquid to a minimum and this is a vital factor in building design. Silage effluent treatment is given special at- tention because of the serious pollution problem which it can create. Special efforts are required to keep silage effluent from entering drains, streams, or groundwatcn. Proper system design must con- sider land use, the type of existing facilities, the scale of enterprise, and type of livestock. Economic and technical considerations jointly should under- lie the final design decisions. (D'Arezzo-Texas) 0078 - D4 OXYGENATION CAPACITIES OF OXIDATION DITCH ROTORS FOR CONFINEMENT LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Don D. Jones, Donald L. Day, and James C. Converse. Purdue University, Engineering Extension Service, Bulletin No. 135, p 191-208. 12 fig, 5 ref Proceedings 24th Industrial Waste Conference. Descriptors: 'Dissolved oxygen, 'Oxygenation, Farm wastes, Equipment, Odor, Mass transfer, Theoretical analysis. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Alpha factor. The oxidation ditch is one of the most successful methods for treating the staggering volume of animal manure that is being produced at the present time. The purpose of this paper is to present the oxygenaupn capacities of five aeration rotors tested at the University of Illinois. The rotors were tested in actual field installations with clean Up water in the ditch and the livestock removed. The parameter studies were blade immersion, blade design, rotor speed, and gross power require- ments. There is little or no difference in oxygena- tion capacities between the angle iron bladed rotor and the rectangular plate rotor. The increase in ox- ygenation capacity is almost linear with depth of immersion or rotor speed. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0079 - A3, C3 SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES • TASK GROUP RE- PORT. Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol 59, p 344-366, March 1967. 8 tab, I fig, 64 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Phosphorus, Farm wastes, Eutrophication, Great Lakes, Distribution, Fertilizers, Ammonia, Nitrates, Nitrites, Phosphorus, Compounds, Domestic wastes, Deter- gents, Industrial wastes. Nutrients, Fuels, Water treatment, Rivers, Runoff, Drainage water, Sedi- ment transport, Cultivated lands. Water fowl. At- mosphere, Rainfall, Nitrogen fixation. Identifiers: 'Fertilizer consumption, Concentra- tions, Urban runoff, Dustfall, Historical trends. The results of this survey have indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are contributed to water in significant quantities from a variety of man-made and natural sources. Data taken from a small scale were extrapolated to large areas of the country. This brings attention both on the sources of most significance as well as on the sources for which additional information is most needed. The estimation of nutrient contributions from various sources is presented in tabular form. The complete elimination of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from surface water supplies does not appear economically feasible because the sources are so widespread. Therefore, appropriate efforts must be made to cope with many of the problems that have been created, and increased effort must be devoted to the development of better methods for preven- tion of algal growth in reservoirs. A more concen- trated effort by the water utility profession to reduce the detrimental effects caused by eutrpphi- cation of water supplies is recommended. (White- Iowa State) 0080 - C2 FLOW PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL WASTE SLURRIES, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Mahesh Kumar. H. D. Bartlctt, and N. N. Mohsenin. Paper presented at the 1970 winter meeting Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Dec 8-11, 1970, Paper No 70-911. 28 p, 7 fig. 2 tab, 26 ref. Descriptors: 'Slurriel, 'Viscosity, 'Viscometers, Firm wastes. Viscous flow, Temperature, 'Flow characteristics, Moisture content, Shear strength. Identifiers: Shear diagrams, Flow behavior indices. Dilution, Pseudoplastic flow, Apparent viscosities, Newtonian fluids. Total solids. The flow properties of animal waste slurries were studied with the use of a coaxial cylinder-type viscometer to determine shear diagrams, flow behavior indices, viscosity indices and apparent viscosities in relation to dilution, temperature and sawdust bedding content of the slurries. The viscosity of manure slurry decreases with increase in dilution. Flow is Newtonian for total solid con- tent-below five per cent. Addition of sawdust decreases the viscosity of slurries. Viscosity of fresh manure decreases with increase of temperature. Manure slurry of four to six percent total solids content is a good compromise between excessive volume of handling and power requirement. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0081 - Bl, C3, C5, E2 DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC FROM POULTRY LITTER IN BROILER CHICKENS, SOIL, AND CROPS, Salsbury Labs., Charles City, Iowa. Dept. of Biochemistry. Joseph L. Morrison. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol 17,p 1288-1290, November 1969.5 tab, 27 ref. Descriptors: 'Arsenic, 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Soil, Crops, Assay, Alfalfa, Cloven, Correlation analysis, Groundwater, Pesticides. Identifiers: 'Poultry litter, 'Arsenical feed addi- tives, Hydrolized feather meal, Poultry tissue, Rox- The effect of the presence of organoarsenicals from feed additives in poultry house litter was in- vestigated with respect to the distribution of ar- senic in chickens raised on this litter, to the dis- tribution of arsenic in soil fertilized with this litter, and to the distribution of arsenic in crops raised on soil fertilized with this type litter. Although mea- surable amounts of arsenic (15-30 ppm) were found in the litter, the arsenic content of soil and crops was unaffected by the use of poultry litter as fertilizer. Similarly, the arsenic content of birds was unaffected when raised on this type litter. (White- Iowa State) 0082 - C4, E4 HOUSE FLY PUPAE AS FOOD FOR POULTRY, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. C. C. Calvert, R. D. Martin, and N. O. Morgan. Journal of Entomology, Vol 62, No. 4, August 1969, p 938-939,2 tab, 2 ref Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Organic matter. Proteins, Poultry, Foods, Nutrients, Soybeans, Laboratory tests. Identifiers: 'House Hies, Pupae, Fats, Waste utiliza- tion. A study was conducted as a part of the waste utilization program to determine if the larvae of the house fly could be used to produce protein and fat from human wastes. Due to the difficulty of collect- ing sufficient larvae for this experiment, fly pupae were used. Pupae were obtained from • culture that had been maintained at the Beltsville Fly Control Laboratory for 60 generation and held at -10LC until needed. The pupae were dried, ground in • small Wiley mill and analyzed for protein, fat, ash, moisture and other substances. The composition of the amino acid indicated that the protein was of a quality similar to meat or fish meal. In two separate 2 week tests, day old chicks were fed one of two formulations containing fly pupae as a protein and fat source. The results indicate that the fly pupae provided enough protein of sufficient quality to support normal growth of chicks during the first two weeks of life. This study is preliminary and more work is required before a valid comparison can be made with the soybean meal now used. It is conceivable that the house fly could be used to convert waste materials into usable, high quality nutrient supplements and thereby assist in alleviat- ing some of the problems of organic waste disposal. (Ooessling-Texas) 0083 - Al, F4 BEEF FEEDLOT OPERATIONS IN ONTARIO. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, 1*6 image: ------- Burlington (Ontario). Canada Centre for Inland Waters. A. R. Townscnd,S. A. Black,and J. F. Janse. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 42, Part I, p 195-208, February 1970. 3 fig, 10 tab, lOref. Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Farm mangement, •Farm lagoons, 'Runoff, Seepage, Waste storage. Waste disposal. 'Farm wastes. Identifiers: 'Cattle feedlots, 'Animal housing. •Manure storage. The beef feedlot industry in Ontario is described with respect to its environmental pollution problem. Approximately 100,000 cattle are on On- tario feedlots with an eitimated 300 heat or less per feedlot. Four different types of housing and the as- sociated handling of animal wastes as well as types of pollution from the feedlots is discussed. Animal waste storage should be designed to provide six months capacity and lot runoff storage facilities should be sized to hold the winter snow melt and spring rains until proper waste disposal. The report concludes that feedlot waste disposal will continue to be storage and land disposal rather than treat- ment and effluent discharge. The three main causes of pollution have been feed storage seepage, feedlot runoff, and land disposal runoff. This report recommends aeration systems such as rotors, aspirators, surface mechanical, and diffused air tubing for odor control. (Waid-Texas) 0084 - A5, B2, C3 FATTY ACID CONTENT AS A MEASURE OF THE ODOUR POTENTIAL OF STORED LIQUID POULTRY MANURE, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology. R.G.Bell. Poultry Science. Vol 49, No 4, p 1126-1129, July 1970.4 fig, 7 ref. Ontario Dept of Food and Agr No 695-04 Research Council of Canada No A5730. Descriptors: •Poultry, 'Legislation, 'Odor, Farm wastes, Liquid wastes, Gas chromatography. Identifiers: Fatty acid content. Odor potential. An attempt was made to find a correlation between odour and the concentration of volatile fatty acids in stored liquid poultry manure. Using both gas chromatographic and column partition chromato- graphic analysis procedures a relationship between the odour and the fatty acid content of stored liquid poultry manure was observed. A total fatty acid content of 0.1% is suggested as a maximum level to be deemed acceptable for new installations and 0.2% as a minimum level for the initiation of prosecution which may be contemplated for exist- ing facilities. (Christenbury-lowaState) 0085 - A6, B2 DANGEROUS GASES IN AGRICULTURE. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lon- don (England). Agriculture. Vol 77, No 9, p 431-432, September 1970. Descriptors: 'Gases, Farm wastes. Storage pits. Slurries, Accidents, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Bacterial decomposition. Gases from slurry pits can be dangerous to animals and concentrations fatal to man can occur. During storage and bacterial decomposition of the slurry causes a breakdown in organic matter and the release of gases. Recommendations are given that should help prevent accidents. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0086 - Cl . EJ THE APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN IN TOPLAN DRIED POULTRY MANURE, The University Department of Agriculture, Read- ing 1 Thornber Bro«. Ltd., Nytholnroyd, Halifax. B. LoMun, and D. H. Knight. Aniul production, vol. 11, No. 2, 1969, p. 276. Dascriptorat *Diet«, *fam wastes, *poultry, organic matter/ nitrogen, copper, energy, barley, sheep value. Identifiers! 'Digestibility trial, -dried poul- try manure, dry matter, crude protein, starch equivalent, feed stuff. A digestibility trial was carried out to study the apparent digestibility of £»•?• components of dried poultry manure, these being dry matter, organic Batter, energy, nitrogen, and copper. rive diets vere made consisting of various pro- portion! of dried poultry manure and barley, in- cluding pure dried poultry manure and pure bar- ley. These diets were each given to 4 castrated •ale sheep (20 in all), in a randomised block design for a ten-day experimental period. The apparent digestibilities of Topian dried poultry manure were determined by actual measurement fron the pure dried poultry manure diet, and by extrapolation from the other diets. The value of Tc-plan dried poultry manure was examined in terns of digestible crude protein, metabolizable energy and starch equivalent, and the value of the Toplan dried poultry manure as a feeding stuff for various classes of form livestock was examined in relation to the Agricultural Research Council's recommendations. (White-Iowa state) 0087 - D4 AEROBIC DIGESTION OF CATTLE WASTE, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- g'neering. . D. Jones, B. A. Jones, Jr., and D. L. Day. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 11,1968, p 757-761. 18 fig, 2 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Aero- bic treatment, Sludge, Aeration, Digestion, Regres- sion analysis. Waste treatment. Identifiers: 'Loading rates, 'Aerobic digestion, Dairy cattle, Beef cattle, Volatile solids, Fixed solids. Digesters. The effectiveness was studied of the aerobic digestion process in the treatment of dairy and beef-cattle wastes. Waste from livestock being fed a high-concentrate ration was added in varying loading rates to laboratory aerobic digesters. This experiment indicates that, in the future, less emphasis should be placed on COD, VS, and FS and more on the measurement of BOD, which is a better indication of microorganism activity. BOD reductions of 70,60, and 76 percent and total VS reductions of 20,15, and 0 percent, respectively were obtained for loading rates of 125, 150, and 200 ml. from dairy cattle. Similar results were ob- tained using beef cattle waste. Under conditions similar to those prevailing in this study, significant reductions in biodegradable organic concentra- tions can be obtained. (White-Iowa State) 0088 - Fl POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL . IS THERE A PROBLEM, C.T.Riiey. Agriculture, Vol73, 1966,p 110-112. Descriptors: 'Poultry, Costs, Nutrients, Farm wastes, Fertilizers, Value, Waste disposal. Identifiers: Muck, Handling, Removal. The cost is examined associated with removal of poultry manure from the house to the disposal point. It is costing the poultry farmer a shilling per bird per year to remove the muck. The fertilizer value of poultry manure should not be overlooked. Farmers dispose enough manure that would be worth 160 units of nitrogen, 160 units of phosphorus and 70 units of potash if applied to a crop. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0089 - C1.E1 TREATMENT. USE, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM MODERN AGRICULTURE, Water Pollution Research Lab., Stevenage (En- gland). A. B. Whcatland, and B. J. Borne. Water Pollution Control, Vol 69. No 2, p 195-208. February 1970. 12 tab, 21 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Animal wastes, •Wastes disposal, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste water disposal, 'Waste water treatment, 'Biological treatment, 'Sludge disposal, 'Sludge treatment, Odor, Aerobic treatment, Incineration, Filtration, Hogs, Cattle, Poultry. Identifiers: 'Manures, 'Vegetable washings. With the trend toward larger concentrations of more animals on smaller areas of land nearer popu- lation centers, and the trend of the food industry to require washing and packing of vegetables on the farm, the farmer is faced with new problems in waste and waste water treatment and disposal. Values for quantity of excreta, solids, BOD, COD, PV, organic carbon, and total nitrogen are given for cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, and man. Recent experimental work on animal waste treatment and disposal is discussed. The problem investigated was odor control during storage and spreading of pig- gery slurry by means of aeration. Problems which occurred included foaming and bulking of the slur- ry. The treated supernatant was to be recycled for use in washing the animal pens. Possible future methods of treating animal wastes include incinera- tion, wet oxidation, and disposal at sea. Several analyses of vegetable washing waste waters are presented, giving volumes, pH, solids, BOD, COD, PV. Due to the variable nature of the processes in- volved in vegetable preparation, the actual degree of contamination of the waste water cannot be pre- dicted accurately. Treatment includes minimizing the quantity of waste water to be treated, and pri- mary, biological and sludge treatment and disposal. Primary treatment includes screening and sedimen- tation. Biological treatment can be by lagoons, aerated lagoons, oxidation ditches, extended aera- tion, conventional activated sludge, contact sta- bilization, spray irrigation, biological filtration, or high rate filtration. Sludges can be conditioned, de- watered and disposed at sea or on land. (Makela- Texas) 0090 - A3 WILSCHWITZ RUNOFF SAMPLER, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. S. A. WitzeT, J. T. Wilke, and F. L. Schmitz. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 11, No 6, 1968, p 883, 886. 3 fig, 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Nutrients, 'Sampling, Farm wastes. Weirs, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Water levels, Pollutant identification. Identifiers: Prediction equations, Wilschwitz sam- pler. Water stage recorder. The sampler was developed for the purpose of au- tomatic collection of water samples from the Hood runoff of small watersheds. It was intended to be used for measuring plant nutrient contained in ru- noff and not for determining suspended sediment loads. The installation of the Wilschwitz sampler in conjunction with a weir and water stage recorder provides an inexpensive means of obtaining runoff samples at various stages. The unique feature of the sampler is that it operates without auxiliary power. Details of the sampler's construction and operation image: ------- are given in the article. Data gathered with this sampler are to be used in developing prediction equations relating the rates and amounts of runoff to the plant nutrients lost. If such correlations can he made, equations may be programmed to esti- mate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or other elements that may be anticipated in the " surface water runoff. < White-Iowa State) 0091 - A5, C3, C5 MOISTURE INCREASES MAM'RE ODORS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering D.C. Ludington.and A.T. Sabcl Poultry Digest, September 1070, p 445-446. I fig, 2 tab, 1 pic. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, Air pollution. Poultry, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Waste dilu- tion, Chromtography, Organic acids. Pollutant identification. Identifiers: Masking agents, Counteractants, Deodorants. Organoleptic test. Studies of handling livestock wastes have shown that increased dilution facilitates faster settling of manure solids; thus requiring constant agitation for efficient removal of solids. Despite some apparent handling advantages of diluted animal wastes, other considerations such as lack of odor control, quanti- WASTE CONTROL, Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst., Ames. Richard R. Dague, Wayne L. Paulson, and Kenneth J. Kline. Iowa State Water Resources Research Institute Report No. 69-2, Iowa University, 1969. 37 p, 13 fig. 10 tab, 7 ref. OWRR Project A-022-IA. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, Lagoons, Water pollution control. Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Feedlot wastes. Waste management. The hydrologic factors that require consideration when designing systems for the control of cattle feedlot runoff are considered. A discussion of several methods of controlling feedtot wastes is presented. Significant conclusions: (I) A signifi- cant reduction in water pollution from cattle feedlot run off can be accomplished by employing relatively simple and inexpensive runoff control facilities. The size of such facilities can be deter- mined using established techniques for hydrologic and water quality analyses; <2) Using procedures similar to those described herein, it would be possi- ble for control agencies to establish the minimum size of runoff control facilities for each region or major stream basin for each of several possible ulti- mate runoff disposal practices; and (3) Caution U of material ,„ be handled, aVaila'b'.iitV'ofTa'ier ih°uld be ?"?*d in, "PP1*!"* the term 'P°Pula; for dilution, and certain pollution may combine to llon e1ulval«n' to cattle feedlot wastes. Any use of preclude handling as liquid waste. Odor strengths "" '"*" "" '"' """ "" '""""" "' of animal manures have been measured using liquid dilution and vapor dilution. Agitation of liquid manure causes odors to be released and their strength to increase rapidly. A combination of ga.s chrnmotographic and organoleptic techniques have hecn used to determine the chemical com- pounds responsible for the offensive odor of accu- mulated liquid poultry manure. Organoleptic tests indicate that the organic acids, mercaptans and sul- fides are especially important malodorous com- ponents, in addition to the odorous gases ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. An organoleptic test was developed for evaluating over 40 commercial odor control products to use with liquid waste. Masking agents and Counteractants were found to be the most effective. The better procedure for con- trolling air pollution is to prevent the formation of odors rather than attempt to control. A manure- handling system that incorporates moisture removal apparently has some merit. (White-Iowa State) 0092 - Bl SEEK DATA IN FEEDLOT RESEARCH. South Dakota State Univ., Brooking* South Dakota Farm and Home Research. Vol XXI, No 2, Spring 1970, p 22-27. 2 tab, 8 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'South Dakota, 'Design criteria. Cattle fertilizers. Biochemical ox- ygen demand, Water pollution. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Farm terraces. Population equivalents, Constituents. This is a preliminary report of research aimed at coming up with information that can be used by livestock producers, governmental agencies and persons concerned with commercial feedlot design and construction. Some advantageous conditions for feedlot expansion in South Dakota are discussed. Pollution constituents in animal waste and runoff quantities are considered in malting some general recommendations as to the design or layout at a feedlot. Six sketches are utilized in presenting some do's and don't's in feedlot design. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0093 - A2, B2, C2 HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT the term must consider the fact that the fraction of the total waste that enters water is extremely varia- ble from one location to another and is heavily de- pendent upon the quantity and time variation in precipitation, the cattle density on the feedlot, and the topographic characteristics of the lot. 0094 - D4 THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION ON THE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE- GROUND CORNCOB MIXTURES, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology. R.G.Bell. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, Vol IS, No I, pi 1-16,1970. 5 fig. 2 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Poultry, Laboratory tests. Odor, Salmonella sp.. Tempera- ture, Depth, Microorganisms, Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: 'Composting, Corncob mixtures, Canada, Microbial activity. The influence of the rate of aeration on 1.5m colums of composting mixtures of 2 parts poultry manure and I part ground corncob was in- vestigated. The results indicate that the optimum aeration rate for the production of a stable sanitary compost was 4 liters of air/m2/min for every 10 cm. of composting material up to a maximum depth of about 2.4 m. A detailed discussion of the materials, methods and results is presented. (Christenbury- Iowa Stale) 0095 - D4 BIO-OXIDATION OF SWINE WASTE BY THE ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Ronald E. Hermanson. Thamon E. Hazen, and Howard P. Johnson. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 12, No 3. 1969, p 342-348. 5 fig, 1 tab. 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Activated sludge, 'Model studies. Anaerobic conditions. Farm lagoon, Regression analysis. Least squares method. Biochemical oxygen demand. Aeration, Settling basins, Nitrogen, Temperature, Effluent, Dissolved oxygen. Hydrogen ran concentration. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Extended aeration, BOD-reduction ef- ficiency, Mixed liquor. Aeration tank, Suspended solids. The purpose of this research was to investigate the extended-aeration, activated-sludge process of swine waste treatment. Two objectives were: (1) to develop a mathematical model for the BOD-reduc- tion efficiency of the process, and (2) to verify the model and evaluate its coefficients by conducting experiments with a laboratory-scale plant. The components of the activated-sludge treatment plant were as follows: (1) an aeration tank; (2) an aeration system; (3) a sedimentation tank; and (4) a mechanism for returning settled activated sludge to the aeration tank. The experimental model was comprised of an aeration tank and a sedimentation tank made of Plexiglas, with two galvanized sheet metal sedimentation tanks as alternates. Three capacities were required in the sedimentation sec- tion to provide suitable detention times over the range of flow rates used. The following conclusions resulted from this research. (I) Effluent from an anaerobic lagoon is sufficiently constant to be a practical influent substrate for model studies. (2) Excessive solids loss because of denitriftcation can be avoided by proper design of the sedimentation tank, provided the flow rate does not vary widely. (3) The mathematical model satisfactorily pre- dicted the BOD-reduction efficiency of an ex- tended-aeration, activated-sludge plant, ai evidenced by the reasonably high multiple r2 (0.92) and the low standard error (2.6 percent) of the experimental regression equation. (4) The aeration tank of an extended-aeration activated- sludge plant for the treatment of the effluent from an anaerobic swine lagoon designed according to the equation developed. (White-Iowa State) 0096 - AS, A6, C3 IDENTIFICATION OF GASES IN A CONFINE. MENT SWINE BUILDING ATMOSPHERE, Iowa Slate Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- Sineering. . A. Merkel, T. E. Hazen, and J. R. Miner. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol l2,No3. 1969, p 310-313 and 315. 5 fig, I tab, Href. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Odor, 'Gases, Confinement pens, Sulfur compounds. Ammonia, Amino acids, Porteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Or- ganic acids, Solubility, Hydrogen ion concentra- tion, Chromatography, Alcohols, Sulfides, Sailing, Absorption, Condensation, Pollutant identifica- tion. Identifiers: Acid-forming, Methane-producing, Manure storage pit, Amides, Amines, Carbonyls, listers, Mercaptans. In addition to the already known fixed gases, CO2, CO, H2S, NH3, CH4, etc., the environment within a confinement swine unit was found to contain a complex mixture of volatile organic intermediates. These intermediates are important in the charac- teristic odor resulting from the storage of manure and are suspected as heing important in animal and building performance. Consideration of physical as well as organic, biochemical phenomena indicated that the important intermediate products of anaerobic manure decomposition include organic acids, amines, amides, alcohols, carhonyls and sul- fides. Qualitative chemical analysis confirmed the presence of these homologous groups, except for organic acids that were decomposed upon forma- tion by the high pH maintained within the manure storage pit. To identify individual compounds within the swine environment, concentration of the volatile gases was required. Selective absorption, liquid salting and selective condensation were each used in an effort to separate and concentrate the homologous series. Once separated, the series were subjected to chromatographic analysis for separa- 198 image: ------- tion and identification. Physiological odor in- vestigations have been conducted to indicate the important compounds in the specific odors in swine buildings. Work to date indicates that the major odor constituents are from the amine and sulfide groups. Further work is under way to separate these compounds. (White-Iowa State) 0097 - B2, D4 POULTRY MANURE LAGOON DESIGN, California Univ., Davis. Agricultural Extension Service. Robert A. Parsons, Fred Price, and W. C. Fairbank. Poultry Digest, Vol 29, No 344, p 485-488, Oc- tober 1970.6 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, * Poultry, 'Lagoons, •Design criteria, 'Odor, Cleaning, Recirculated water, Costs, Anaerobic conditions, Anaerobic bacteris, Aerobic conditions, Aerobic bacteria, Aeration, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Flushing gutter, Macerated chicken carcasses;, Floating debris, V-trough, Washout system, Overload, Malfunctions, Gutter design, Thiopedea roses. This paper deals with lagoon design criteria for poultry manure. A lagoon is a satisfactory means of poultry manure disposal. The lagoon should be used only in rural areas that are tolerant of varied but dilute odors of farm production. Overloading is about the only cause of lagoon malfunction. Size requirements, construction, flushing system, and lagoon operation are discussed. (Christenbury- lowa State) 0098 - Cl, D4 BEEF CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS - OXIDATION DITCH, Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. J. A. Moore, R. E. Larson, R. O. Hegg,and E. A. Allred. Paper No 7331 in the Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; and Paper No 70-418, American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, July 1970. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Chemical ox- ygen demand, Biochemical oxygen demand. Ven- tilation, Rotors, Foaming, Temperature, Hydrogen- ion concentration, Dissolved oxygen, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Beef cattle, Loading rates, Solids. The oxidation ditch has been used in Minnesota for two years for treatment of beef cattle wastes. It has been operated as a batch system with various load- ing rates and environmental conditions. Results are evaluated on the basis of BOD, COS, TS, TVS, pH, nitrogen, temperature of the waste, and odor and foam control. Waste management systems are em- ployed by beef operators to meet certain objec- tives. These objectives may vary widely depending on such factors as management, labor require- ments, climate, size and nature of operation, land availability, soil type and geologic formation and population density. No one waste system is best for all operations. Each system has advantages and dis- advantages to offer for any given operation. The oxidation ditch offers the following characteristics: very low odor level, waste storage eliminates ru- noff, volume reduction of solids, reduction of pol- lution strength, concentration of some elements, necessity of continuous operation, one of more ex- pensive treatment systems, and a buildup of solids oh the bottom. Based on the results obtained from 21/2 years of research the authors feel that the ox- idation ditch does have a place in treating beef cat- tle waste from confinement operations. (White- Iowa State) 0099 - D4 REMOVAL OF NITRATE BY AN ALGAL SYSTEM, California State Depl. of Water Resources, Fresno. San Joaquin District. Randall L. Brown. En- vironmental Protection Agency - Water Quality Office, Water Pollution Control Research Series, April, 1971, 132 p, 58 fig, 27 tab, 59 ref. EPA Pro- gram 13030 ELY. Descriptors: Agricultural wastes, Water pollution control, 'Biological treatment, 'Nitrates, Treat- ment facilities, Algae, 'Waste water treatment, 'Algal control, 'Aquatic weed control, California. Identifiers: 'Algae stripping, Scenedesmus, Algal growth. Algal harvesting, 'San Joaquin Valley (Calif). An algal system consisting of algae growth, har- vesting and disposal was evaluated as a possible means of removing nitrate-nitrogen from subsur- face agricultural drainage in the San Joaquin Val- ley of California. The study of this assimilatory nitrogen removal process was initiated to deter- mine optimum conditions for growth of the algal biomass, seasonal variations in assimilation rates, and methods of harvesting and disposal of the algal product. A secondary objective of the study was to obtain preliminary cost estimates and process design. The growth studies showed that about 75 to 90 percent of the 20 mg/1 influent nitrogen was assimilated by shallow (12-inch cul- ture depth) algal cultures receiving 2 to 3 mg/1 ad- ditional iron and phosphorus and a mixture of 5 percent CO2. Theoretical hydraulic detention times required for these assimilation rates varied from 5 to 16 days, depending on the time of the year. The total nitrogen removal by the algal system, assuming 95 percent removal of the algal cells, ranged from 70 to 85 percent of the influent nitrogen. The most economical and effective algal harvesting system tested was flocculation and sedimentation followed by filtration of the sedi- ment. The algal cake from the vacuum filter, con- taining about 20 percent solids, was then air- or flash-dried to about 90 percent solids. The market value for this product as a protein supplement was estimated to be about S80 to $100 per ton. Miner- Iowa State) 0100 - A3, A4, Bl, Cl, E2 ANIMAL WASTE UTILIZATION FOR POLLU- TION ABATEMENT, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. O. E. Cross, A. P. Mazurak, and L. Chesnin. Preprint, presented at American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1971 Winter Meeting Chicago, Illinois, December 7-10, 1971, Paper no 71-906.23 p, 8 fig, 9 ref. OWRR B-003-NEB (3). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Rates of ap- plication, "Furrow irrigation, Surface runoff, Groundwatcr movement. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Electrical conductivity, Crop response, Nutrients, Percolation. Sudangrass, 'Path of pollutants, Pollution abatement. Identifiers: 'Feedlot wastes, Runoff losses. Sur- face runoff pollution. Beef feedlot manure was applied to plots at levels of 0,40,120 and 260 tons dry matter per acre. The manure was disk plowed into the soil at 4, 8, and 12 inch depths. A sorghum-sudan forage was seeded at three plant populations, a 'low,' 'medi- um,' and 'high' density and was furrow irrigated according to standard irrigation techniques. Data was documented as to: pollutional potential of sur- face runoff water, pollutional contribution to un- derground water supply, physical and chemical changes in the soil, irrigation techniques, and crop response. The conclusions are the result of one year's test. Nitrogen and sodium displacement did not pollute the surface runoff water. The transport of potassium restricted the runoff to irrigation uses only. However, the underground water was not affected by the plots and retained its potable quality. Additional information is required to establish irrigation techniques; however, to date conclusions are: (1) the initial intake rate of water into the soil increases as higher manure loadings are applied, (2) the basic intake rate is higher on areas plowed 8 inches deep as compared to areas plowed 4 or 12 inches deep, and (3) the basic in- take rate increases with tune elapse after applica- tion. The application of manure increased the crop yield with the exception of the 260 ton application. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0101 - B3, E3 MANURE MANAGEMENT • COSTS AND PRODUCT FORMS, Los Angeles County Agricultural Extension Ser- vice, Calif. J. Van Dam, and C. A. Perry. California Agriculture, Vol 22, No 12, December I968,p 12-13.2tab.2fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Marketing, 'Costs, Volume, Profit, Management. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Processing plant. Stockpiles, Packaging, Bulk, Pulverizer, Product forms, Delivery, Removal. A study to determine the actual cost of removal and disposal of manure from a beef feedlot in Los Angeles County was completed by the Agricultural Extension Service. Manure was prepared for mar- keting in three basic forms and sold under four pricing conditions. Manure processing, packaging and marketing began with the mounding of the manure in the corrals followed by its removal to a compost stockpile. Manure was allowed to cure in a compost pile at least six months before processing. The manure could then be marketed unprocessed as composted manure; marketed processed as composted bulk; and marketed processed as composted packaged manure. The combined fixed and variable costs per cubic yard amounted to IO.S cents for the unprocessed product, 65 cents for the processed bulk and $1.88 for the packaged processed form. The weighted average price received per cubic yard was J 3.80 for the packaged, $2.40 for the processed bulk, and $1.40 for the unprocessed bulk manure. A livestock feedlot operator can probably make a profit from the sale of manure. (White-Iowa State) 0102 - Al. Bl. F2 POLLUTION CONTROL • FEEDLOT OPERA- TIONS. Iowa State Univ., Ames. J. R. Miner, E. R. Baumann, T. L. W illrich, and T. E. Hazen. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 42, No 3. p 391 -398, March 1970. 1 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Pollution abatement. Waste disposal. Reservoirs, Waste treatment. Cat- tle, Sewage treatment. Farm wastes. Iowa, Hogs, Poultry. Identifiers: • Feedlot, Population equivalent. The increase in labor cost and a shortage of person- nel has caused an increase in feedlot population. The result has been a concentration of livestock waste level. Techniques of feedlot waste systems design are reported, and methods of collecting and disposing of the waste are discussed. These cattle, swine, and poultry feedlot operations are similar. Types of flooring and methods of cleaning are discussed. Treatment and disposal of the waste are commented on, including tank storage and hauling, anaerobic lagoons, aerobic lagoons, surface irriga- tion systems and oxidation ditches. The limiting factors of various treatments in relation to feedlot waste are reported. Zoning regulations are sug- gested as a partial solution to nuisance complaints which are generated by concentration of livestock in feedlots. (Hancuff-Texas) 199 image: ------- 0103 - A6, C2 NITROGEN ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE WATER BY ABSORPTION OF AMMONIA VOLATILIZED FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div. G. L. Hutchinson, and F. G. Viets, Jr. Science, Vol l66,No39Q4,p514-5l5,Oct 1969. I fig, ltab,6ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Surface water, * Absorp- tion, 'Ammonia, Eutrophication, Water pollution sources, Nitrogen compounds, Nutrient cycling, Fertilization, Colorado, Precipitation (Atmospher- ic), Lakes, Streams. Identifiers: 'Nitrogen pollution, 'Cattle feedlots, Seeley Lake (Colo), Nitrogen (Total), Nitrogen (Inorganic), Nitrogen enrichment; ,,,'. ... A method is described for estimating nitrogen *H-' richment of surface waters resulting from volatilization of ammonia from cattle feedlots and its subsequent absorption into lakes and streams. Rates of ammonia absorption into dilute sulfuric acid (0.01 normal) measured near feedlots were as much as 20-fold greater than controls; estimated annual absorption (in kilograms/hectare) of 73 at site about 0.4 kilometers west of 90,000-unit feedlot can be compared with 3.9 at control site with no feedlots or irrigated fields within 3 milome- ters and no targe feedlots or cities within 15 kilometers. Ammonia absorbed by surfaces of natural waters are apparently about half that esti- mated by method described. That a large feedlot can enhance nitrogen enrichment of aqueous sur- faces at some distances is suggested by evidence that a fivefold increase in distance from a feedlot decreased mean ammonia absorption rate by ap- proximately one-half. Absorption rates from smaller lots were approximately 25% of large one, but above fourfold greater than control. Authors believe that wide fluctuations in ammonia absorp- tion rates reflect the moistness of feedlot surfaces, rapid drying enhancing volatilization and absorp- tion. Authors conclude that such feedlots are sub- stantial sources of'nitrogen pollution for nearby surface waters. (Eicbhorn-WiSconsin) 0104 - A2 MODELING FEEDLOT RUNOFF POLLUTION, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Chemical Engineering; and Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. J R. Miner,R.I. tipper,and L. E. Ertckson. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 10, No 4, p 497- 501.1967.5 tab. 8 fig, 7 jef. . Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Chemical oxygen demand, 'Model-studies, Cattle. Water pollution, Hydraulic models, Discharge, Depres- sion storage, Hydrognurtis, Hydrology, Rainfall in- tensity. Simulated rainfall. Identifiers: 'Feedlot. ?Stirred tank with,injection model, Concentration, Nonsurfaced lot, Concrete- surfaced lot, Soil Cover complex number. Most emphasis of this paper was on quality aspects of feedlot runoff; however a brief discussion of possible hydraulic models is given. Three concen- tration models are described and their ability to predict feedlot runoff water quality is shown. The three are, the stirred tank concentration model, stirred tank with injection concentration model, and the series-stirred tanks with injection concen- tration model. The three concentration models provided progressively better data representation as their complexity increased. Two experimental cattle feedlots especially designed for runoff in- vestigation were used in the study. Associated with the feedloti were rainfall simulation and measuring equipment, and runoff measuring and proportional sampling facilities. One lot was concrete surfaced, the other had concrete only around feed bunks. Tempered by good judgement, feedlot models can be used to help predict organic concentration of ru- noff from a feedlot. When an improved hydraulic model is developed, it can be combined with either of the single, stirred tanks to provide a single feedlot model to predict overall water-pollution potential. (White-Iowa State) AMMONIA M&'AMwte: COMPONENTS OF SWINE-BUIUPING ODOR, Iowa State Univ.. Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. I R. Miner, and T. E. Hazen. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 6,1969. 3 p. Descriptors; "Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Odors, 'Am- monia, Atmosphere, Anerobtc digestion, Proteins, Anino acids. Isolation. Cbetnicalpropertiei,.Den- sity, Physical properties. Absorption, Chromatog- raphy, • • •:.•.;,'.•••,• ••'•,• • •• ••'..•'• . Identifiers: "Amines, »0dor thresholds, Concen- tration, Boiling points. Dissociation constants, De- tection, Animal chambers. This paper represents another step in defining the atmosphere wrthin the swine confinement building. Ammonia: and the closely related amines are known to be produced during the decomposition of both animal and vegetable proteins. Research work involving gases over decomposing manure indicate amines, ammonia and sulfur containing compounds are probably important constituents of the swine odor. The paper outlines the formation of ammonia and amines, and gives threshold odor levels for them in air. Physical and chemical properties of the different amines are given as well as methods of isolation and detection. Experimental data was taken from two animal chambers which provided substantial control over environmental conditions. The measured concentrations of ammonia were less than the threshold odor levels, indicating one of two explanations must be true; (a) Ammonia is not an important component of the hog house odor or (b) the odor producers are additive in effect and ammonia can be perceived at concentrations below its threshold when combined with other odorous compounds. Chromatographic analysis was used for detection of the different amines. (White-Iowa State) 0106 - D4 OXIDATION DITCHES FOR WASTE DISPOSAL, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. . Donald L. Day. International Journal Of Farm Building Resources, No 2;December 3,19$8, p 2-7.9 frg, 9 ret, Descriptors:''Farm Wastes, 'Hogs, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, ''Rotors, Foaming, Sludge, Ef- fluent, Odors,Carbon dioxide,Oxyjen, Depth, Dis- solved oxygen, Electric. power, Electric power costs. Volume, Velocity,- Identifiers; 'Oxidation ditch,' Population equivalent, Suspended solids, Slatted floors, Ex- tended aeration. The oxidation ditch is an efficient low-cost process for the treatment of municipal waste. It has several aspects that . • In this drying system droppings are removed at a very low moisture level, cutting weight of material to be handled by two-thirds. Eight 3000-cfm circu- lating fans ar* mounted about 22 ft, apart directly below 2 tines of water troughs that run the full length of the house. Fans are about 10 in. above the manure; air velocities over the droppings are about 250 to 750 fpm. A spike-tooth harrow is pulled daily through the accumulating droppings to stir them and to draw partially dried droppings into the high-velocity airstream. From the pit the droppings go either to truck or manure spreader or to a ham- mermill to be finely ground and bagged. The amount of water .removed daily to prevent excess humidity and to dry the manure .ranged from 6-9 gallons per hour. These results are from a dock of 3246 pullets and cockerels at 22 weeks in a 30-ft. by 100-ft, environment-controlled laving house. (White-Iowa State I 0108 - C4, C5 EFFECTS OF FEED CONSUMPTION ON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF STEER EXCRETA, ' . ' • ' .'.'"' Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept of Agricultural Engineering. K. C. Mills, B. F. Parker, and L J. Ross, Transaction! of the ASAE, Vol 12, No 1, 1969, p I33.2ref. - . ••• •• r Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, Feeds, Silage, Drains, Pastures. Oxidation, Aerobic treatment. Sampling, Testing. Identifiers: 'Feed composition, Steers, Alsterbere modification, Winkter method. : * The objective of the study on which the nape/ is based was to determine some of lh« effects of animal-feed composition of the rate of aerobic breakdown of animal waste. If differences in fate of aerobic breakdown occur because of feed compoti- • tion, these differences should be proven by con- ducting biochemical o*ygen demand tests on the wastes from snimals on different feed. Thus excreta for BOD tests wen obtained from three groups of. steers being fed on all grain, grain and siUce, and on pasture, The data for the pasture- had much greater variability from week to week. Data on alt tests are available in the original thesis and ASAE paper No. 67-930. If was concluded that the com- position of animal feed will change the biochemical oxygen demand of animal excreta. This fact should be considered when designing aerobic systems for treating animal wastes. (White-Iowa State) 0109 - B3, C5 SOME CAUSES OF WET POULTRY MANURE, Georgia Univ., Athens. O.W.Charles. Georgia Poultry Tips, August 1; 1970. Poultry Digest, September 1 970, p 43 1 . Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Moisture 200 image: ------- content, Water consumption, Strain, Salts, Car- bohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'Ration, Water intake, Uric acid. Excessive moisture in poultry manure may be due to a number of factors, among which is a tendency for certain strains of birds to produce higher per- centage of moisture in the fecal material than other strains. Water represents by far the largest portion of fresh poultry manure. Reports of several researchers are cited as to moisture content and differences in strain. It was found that moisture content of the droppings of low water consuming strains was only 50%, while moisture content of droppings in the high water consuming strain reached 71%. Excessive amounts of salt and a con- cept of balance in the ration are also discussed as causes of excessive moisture. (White-Iowa State) 0110 - C4 ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM RENDERED BY-PRODUCTS AND POULTRY LITTER CULTURED IN ENRICHMENT MEDIA INCUBATED AT ELEVATED TEMPERA- TURES, Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. C. F. Smyser.G. H. Snoeyenbos, and Barbara McKic. Avian Diseases, Vol 14, No 2, 1970, p 248-254, 6 tab, 13 ref. US Public Health Service Grant UI 00159-05. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Salmonella, 'Incubation, Farm wastes. Isolation, Temperature, Hydrogen ion concentration, Indicators. Identifiers: 'Enrichment media. Poultry litter, Rendered bynproducts. Plating medium. Three enrichment media incubated at 42 plus or minus 1C were compared for isolating Salmonellae from rendered animal and marine by-products, and two of the media were compared for poultry litter. Salmonellae were recovered from 317 of the 755 rendered samples and from 203 of the 235 litter samples examined. Selenite brilliant-green sulfapyridiae (SBC sulfa), dulcitol selenite uilfapyridine (OSES), and tetrathionate brilliant- green (TBO) were equally effective. Each en- richment incubated at the elevated temperature was significantly more effective than TBG incu- bated at 37C for isolating Salmonellae from fish meal. Essentially no difference was noted between brilliant-green (BG) agar and brilliant-green sulfadiazine (BGS) agar as a plating medium. The pH of the enrichment media at the termination of incubation could not be used as an indicator of the presence or absence of Salmonellae. (White-Iowa State) 0111 - A5, D2 UNDER-CAGE MANURE DRYING SYSTEM SOLVES ODOR PROBLEMS, Cloitterdale Farms, Ephrata, Pa. Glenn H.Herr. Farm Service Bulletin, July-August, 1970. Poultry Digest, Vol 29, No 344, p 476-479, October 1970. 4 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odors, •Aeration, 'Disposal, Economics, Aerobic condi- tions. Forced drying, Liquid wastes. Drying, Lagoons, Anaerobic bacteria, Costs, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Stirring, Odor-causing bacteria. Semi- dry manure. This paper deals with the problems and their solu- tions encountered by a commercial poultry farm with odors and waste management. The various systems that were tried unsuccessfully are discussed. Their solution was one developed by Dr. Glenn Bressler and co-workers at Pennsylvania State University for drying the manure. The system employs a stirring device and forced air to keep the manure aerobic. The manure is dried to one-third its original weight which has eliminated many of their disposal problems. The cost of the system is discussed. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0112 - F4 CURRENT TRENDS IN FARM WASTE DISPOSAL, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lon- don (England). C.T.Riley. Water Pollution Control, Vol 69, No 2, p 174-179 February 1970.3 tab. Descriptors: 'Animal wastes, 'Farm wastes. Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Odor. Identifier!: 'Manure. 'Populationequivalents. Much emphasis has been placed on farm waste disposal in the past five years. Reasons for this in- clude the increased size of livestock units, nearness of units to consumers, recent legislation on river pollution control and. water resources, and reaction from the public and farm workers to flies and odor associated with animal wastes. In 1967, the total volume of excreta produced by livestock in the 'United Kingdom was 121 million tons, with a popu- lation equivalent of 136 million. Much of this excreta is spread on the land by ranging animals. The remainder must undergo some form of disposal by man. The wastes can be handled in any of four basic methods. (1) as a solid, it is stored and spread on land once or twice a year. (2) as a semi-solid, it is spread daily. (3) as a slurry, it is handled by vacuum tanker, stored, and spread. (4) as a liquid. it is washed by water to a storage tank and spread by spray irrigation. The trend is toward solid or semi-solid handling. Factors affecting disposal method include land availability, land area, volum of excreta, soil type, crops to be grown, and cli- matic conditions, especially rainfall. More empha- sis is now placed on planning of waste disposal be- fore starting farm projects. Odors can be eliminated by aeration of wastes in the tanker be- fore spreading or spraying on the land. (Makela- Texas) 0113 - Bl LOCATING A POULTRY ENTERPRISE, Illinois Univ., Urbana. ,S. F. Ridlen, and Hugh S. Johnson. Illinois Monthly Poultry Suggestions, July 1970 Poultry Digest, Vol 29, No 344, p 495-496. Oc- tober 1970. Descriptors: 'Locating, Farm wastes, 'Poultry Eggs, Water pollution control. ' Identifiers: 'Enterprise, Neighbor problems. The chief characteristics that should be evaluated in selecting the location of a poultry enterprise are discussed. These include land cost, tax rate, water supply and topography; electricity, labor, feed supply and transportation should be considered; human population, zoning, acceptance of poultry by local people and relationship to market are im- portant. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0114 - Al, Bl. Fl, F4 SWINE MANURE1- LIABILITY OR ASSET. Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind »»«••• David H. Bache. Paper presented at the American Pork Conference, °me8> "' March 3' 4' and 5- I97°- "3 £ Poultry, Lagoons, Odor, Oxidation, Legislation. Identifiera: 'Ansel*. 'Liability. Slutted (loom. Land disposal, Innovators penally. Pollution abatement grants. Swine manure ii a very modest asset on crop farms and it can be a major liability on those production units with no crop land base. A literature and research review gives cost* and economic value of different manure treatment systems through the past ten or fifteen years. Conclusions reached in- clude: there » no waste disposal problem with a pasture iy»tem, there is no economically feasible alternative to the spreading of solid manures, smaller swine production units will probably find that lagoon disposal is the optimum technique for handling hog wastes, and larger production units will be shifting to the use of slatted-floors, under floor manure forage, and liquid disposal systems. Public concern and legislation is discussed. (White- Iowa State) 0115 - F4 MANAGEMENT OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Mich. _ Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, May 1966, 161 p. Michigan State University, ASAE Publication No. SP-0366. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Management, 'Public health, 'Water pollution sources, 'Livestock, •Waste disposal, 'Slurries, 'Lagoons, 'Biological treatment, Waste storage. Physical properties, Odor, Distribution systems, Irrigation, Labor, En- vironmental sanitation, Sludge treatment, Incinera- tion, Feeds. Id ^tifiers: Feedlot runoff. Production, High densi- ty systems. Handling, Slatted floors. Materials, Handling, Liquid manure, Equipment design, Waste management, Oxidation ditches, Compost- ing, Kjeldahl nitrogen, Coprophagy. The National Symposium on Animal Waste Management had three main objectives: (1) To delineate the problem of managing animal waste, (2) To evaluate our current technology in the management of our farm wastes (technology in the farm waste management was divided into methods of handling, treatment, utilization, and disposal) and (3) To stimulate and give new direction to fu- jture research in solid wastes management. Fifty- ;one papers were presented representing eighty- nine professionals - from industry, campus and government; from manufacturing, research, exten- sion and regulatory agencies; as animal scientists, bacteriologists, economists, engineers, and sanitari- ans. The last three pages of the publication are devoted to ASAE recommendation (ASAE R292): Uniform Terminology for Rural Waste Manage- ment. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0116 - C2, C3, C4 PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOG- OF FARM WAS™ Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. S. A. Witxel. E. McCoy. L. B. Polkowski.O. J. Attoe, and M.S. Nichols. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP- 1 10 tebi " ref USDI No Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Waste disposal, 'Cat- tle, 'Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical ox- ygen demand, Anaerobic conditions, Aerobic con- ditions, Hydrogen ion concentration. Identifiers: 'Lagoon flora, 'Population Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Economics 'Cn«« Water pollution, Ai, pollution. Confinement £ ,' Storage capac.ty, Fertilizers, Swine. Cattle; Thi, report characterizes pollutants derived from farm animal (Bom) waste. Wastes were collected from dairy bulb, dairy cows, and beef cattle The 20] image: ------- wastes were analyzed for volume, impended lolidi, percent BOD and COD. Further analysis show the effects of treating manure on yield and recovery of N, P, and K by corn plants. The data indicate that high concentration! of bacteria (dead or alive), volatile solids, BOD and COD are found in waite from bovine animali. The itudy indicated that reduction by lagoon retention, settling, aerobic or anaerobic digestion docs not remove sufficient amounts of volatile solids, BOD and COD to pro- vide safe effluent for disposal in streams. Indica- tions are that liquid manure handling by farmers may be the most feasible approach for waste disposal. (See also W7I-01992). (Christenbury- lowa State) 0117 - Cl, F5 DUCK-PROCESSING WASTE, Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla. Graver L. Morris. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 15- 18.6tab,6ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Coliforms, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical analysis. Identifiers: 'Evisceration, Long Islands ducks. Waste loads. Objectives of the study were (a) to measure and evaluate duck processing plant waste loads and (b) to observe plant operations for possible reduction in total water use by redistribution or by reuse of certain waters presently discharged to watte after one use, or by a combination of redistribution and reuse. Study of two duck-processing plants located on Long bland provides data pertaining to water use, waste loads, and general operation. The finished product is a high-quality duck of con- siderable delicacy. Water UK in duck-processing plants seems high when compared with water used in chicken processing. Means of reducing the amount of water used are discussed. (Chriitenbury-Iowa State) 0118 - A7, A9, C4 HEALTH ASPECTS AND VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATED WITH ANIMAL WASTES, Public Health Service. W. M. Decker,and J. H. Steele. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 18- 20. I2ref. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Zoonoses, 'Salmonel- la, 'Mycobacterium, 'Diseases, Water pollution sources. Public health. Identifiers: 'Pathogenic organisms, Brucella, Lep- tospira. The diseases contracted by man from animals are discussed. Q fever, Anthrax, Salmonellosis, Tu- berculosis, Brucellosis, and Leptospirosis are the major diseases examined. The source of the disease and the means by which man contracts the diseases are presented. Other pathogenic organisms arising from animals are mentioned. (Christenfaury-Iowa State) 0119 - A« BIOLOGICAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FECES AND FLIES, California Univ., Berkeley. John R. Anderson. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management. ASAE Publication No. SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 20- 23.35 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Domestic wastes. Confinement pens. Livestock. Identifiers: * Filth flies, 'Livestock-husbandry operations, 'Fly populations. Livestock production methods. High-density confinement. This report discusses the effects on fly populations as affected by changes in livestock production methods. Field research has indicated that the foremost cause for the prodigious number of flies today is the recent widespread occurence of low- area, high-density concentrations of animals in all phases of livestock-husbandry operations. Although recent changes in livestock husbandry have created serious fly problems, the possibilities for constructively managing manure to avoid or reduce the production of flies under today's tow- area, high-density confinement of animals appear much better than with previous technologies. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0120 - A2, C2, C3, C4 STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. J. R. Miner, L. R. Fina, J. W. Funk, R. I. Lippei, and O. H. Larson. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 23- 27.8 tab, 9 fig, Href. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Detention reser- voirs, 'Farm waste, Waste storage, Nitrogen com- pounds. Organic waste, Rainfall intensity, Conforms, Streptococcus, Chemical oxygen de- mand. Bacteria. Identifiers: Rainfall duration, Feedlot runoff, Bac- teriological activity, Kjeldahl nitrogen. Pollution potential. Runoff characteristics from two experimental cat- tle feedlots were studied. Runoff was high-strength organic waste containing large quantities of nitrogenous compounds. The nitrogenous matter was being transformed continuously by bac- teriological activity. More organic matter and Kjel- dahl nitrogen were found in the runoff (a) with low-intensity rainfall, (b) with moist conditions preceding rainfall, and (c) during warm weather. Cattle feedlot runoff was a concentrated source of bacteria that normally are used to characterize water quality. Hydrologic characteristics of feedlot waste contribute to their stream-pollution poten- tial. A detention pond seems feasible to prevent some of the slugging nature of the material. Divert- ing all rainfall not falling directly on the feedlot sur- face around the entire facility and maintaining lots so their litter remains as dry as possible were help- ful in minimizing stream pollution potential. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0121 - C2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL MANURES ASSOCIATED WITH HANDLING, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.T.Sobel. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 27- 32. Stab, 8 fig, Href. Descriptors: 'Physical properties, Bulk density, •Farm wastes, Liquid wastes, Particle size, •Poultry, 'Cattle. Identifier*: Volatile solids, Fixed solids, 'Flowabili- ty, Freezing point, 'Production. This paper is concerned with various physical pro- perties of chicken and dairy cow manure that have a relationship to handling. The properties are con- sidered mainly from the standpoint of both fresh and diluted manure. The information reported was obtained from analysis concerned with the physical properties of animal manures and represents a sum- mary of those properties which are specifically re- lated to handling, These properties are: (a) basic physical composition, (b) particle density and bulk density, (c) production, (d) particle size and dis- tribution, (e) dilution, (f) settling rate, (g) suspended and dissolved solids, (h) flowability, and (!) freezing point.'(Christenbury-IowaState) 0122 - Bl, Cl, Dl METHODS OF HANDLING POULTRY-WASTE MATERIAL, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. E. Ostrander. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management. ASAE Publication No SP- 0366. Michigan State University, May 1966. p 32- Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastes, Waste storage, Waste disposal, Odors. Identifiers: 'Handling, High-density systems. Processing, Methods, Collecting. This paper reports on manure handling methods employed in high-density poultry operations. Operations include: collecting, removal, storing, loading, spreading, processing and disposal. (See (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0123 - B2, C2. Fl PUMPING MANURE SLURRIES, California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En- fineering. ? . A. Hart, J. A. Moore, and W. F. Hale. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 34- 38. 22 fig, 2 tab, 5 ref. Public Health Research Grant EF-265. Descriptors: 'Pump testing, 'Slurries, 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Performance, Waste dilution. Efficiencies, Centrifugal pumps. Identifiers: Handling, Capacity, Positive displace- ment. Diaphragm, Input horsepower. Selection criteria. The purpose of this report was to analyze the per- formance characteristics of the different kinds of pumps under various conditions. Five pumps, representing centrifugal, positive displacement. and diaphragm types were tested. A pump was al- ways tested with water first. Fresh manure was then mixed with the water to form a slurry. This was kept well mixed both by recirculation by the pump and by continuous mixing of the storage tank. Some 300 individual runs were made in testing the five pumps with three manures at various speeds. Dilution was more important than kind of pump, thin slurries being most satisfactory. Practical and economic conditions are discussed .relating to pump selection, (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0124 - B2. C2 ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN YEAR-ROUND DISTRIBUTION OF WASTE WATER, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, Pa. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. A. Myej*. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 38- 41.1 tab, 2 fig, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Sprinkling, 'Distribution systems, 'Sewage disposal. Farm wastes, Freezing, Winter, Distribution Patterns. Identifiers: Deflector stationary sprinklers. Year- round irrigation. This paper presents some of the problems encoun- image: ------- tered which may be considered in the design, instal- lation, and operation of irrigation syitemi for animal-waste disposal. The system used to dis- tribute waste water at Penn State is first explained briefly. Then the problems encountered are discussed under the headings: pumping, pipe system, and irrigation heads. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0125 - Bl. C2 ' SLOPING FLOORS FOR BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOTS, California Univ., Davis, S. R. Morrison, V. E. Mendel, andT. E. Bond Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Wane Management, ASAE Publication No SP- Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Farm mutet. ConflMaunt pens. Performance, Disposal. -"••"• identifiers: 'Slatted floor, 'Sloping floor •Feedloti, Weight gain*, Cattle behavior. Feed em- Limited test! on doping floors for cattle fetdlot* in- dicate that slope* up to 7 deg do Mot depreu weight gains or feed efficiency. A slope of about 3 deg is sufficient for removal of most of the manure but unless some flushing arrangement ii employed manure will build up near the feed bunk Stalls' have little value in preventing thii build-up A slat- I0:*"?.'!"th,!.i?.w!!.!?d.of *• ** *"ow* Descriptors: Cattle, 'Farm wastes, 'Farm manage- ment, Project planning, Environmental sanitation. identifier*: Loafing ihedi. Liquid manure, »Health authorities, Alleyways, Holding tanks. Stall housing, an acceptable practice, produces manure which require! special handling. The method of handling and disposing of manure in a sanitary manner depends on climatic conditions and management practices. Disposal of animal wastfi is par! of the livestock enterprise and should be charged to thii operation. As animals and peo- ple get closer together in heavily populated areas, disposal of animal wastes in a sanitary manner becomes increasingly important. Close working relationships with state health departments ii ei* •entjaj. Additions) reuarch U needed concerning contamln»tion of underground for processing beef atiwl «q«'pn>ent for Urge hoUbi: tanks. (Christenbury.lowa State) 0128 - El °F DEAD of Agricultural En- D*vi|' flneering. J. A. Moore, and W. C. Falrbank. National Symposium on Animal ASAE Publication No SP- 49 "jiiaTT" ""*" '""y^ Mty 19M- p47- 0126 - B3 MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABOR IN FREE-STALL AND LOOSE HOUSING, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. W. E. Schmisseur.C. M. Brown. Jr., J. L. Albright, W. M. Dillon, and A. C. Dale. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. p 43- 45. 3 tab, 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Disposal, Labor. Identifiers: 'Materials handling, 'Free-Hall, * Loose housing. Bedding. . In the winter and spring of 1964-65 Purdue Univer- sity conducted two 6-month studies in Lafayette and Cuzco, Indiana, comparing free-stall to loose housing. For one free-stall comparison, 20 stalls were place in one-third of the area of each of two pole-type barns. The remaining areas were used for loose housing. Ninety cows were divided Into four individual lots. Each free-stall unit housed. 20 cows, with 25 cows in loose housing. All four lots were treated and handled similarly. Straw was used as bedding. Daily work sheets showing time used to bed the cows, scrape alleys, pounds of bedding used, and the pounds of manure removed daily were kept on all groups. Two pole-type barns were also used in the other free-stall comparison. One barn was used for loose housing; the other con- tained 32 free stalls; 26 animals were housed in each barn. Sawdust was used to bed all animals for half of the experiment; straw was used for the rest of the experiment. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0127 - Bl, Dl, El CATTLE-MANURE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS ON THE WEST COAST, Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. E. H. Davis. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 45- The de v«ti«H< "!«* of *• Pr««">'nary in- vestigation hi the final design of the second chopper.type macerator ha. lid to the develop? Sv^».fna*l*tllf?Ct?tl dead-blrd ">»««tor %2? /or **t>oni of the macerated poultry are duMussed and evaluated. Slurry system^ lagoon. heated sepnc twks. artificial combing and Ulin 0129 - C2 Station. Dept. of '-"D. Malik, and Ramon Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366. Michigan State University. Mav I Qfifi n 40 51.10 tab. i»uu,p*»- Waste Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, ' For many poultry operations, attempts to solve the Can « concentrating on methods of obtaining •- •"• droppings to a manageable level FURROW-COVER METHOD, Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 52- 53. I tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Waste diiposal. Odor, Slurries, Furrows. Soil disposal fields. Identifiers: 'Waste management, 'Plow cover. Liquid manure, Flies. The diipoial of liquid manure by the plow-furrow- cover technique appears to be an excellent conser- vation method. The upper soil layer is used as the disposal medium; there is no opportunity for flies to breed or even feed. In a closed handling tyitem there are no detectable odors. With this method from 1 to 2 in. of slurry is deposited in a plowed fur- row 6 to 8 in. deep. Immediately after deposition, a single-bottom plow covers the manure, making the next furrow; this can be done in one or two opera- tions. Depositing and completely covering 2 in. of ilurry, equivalent to 225 tons per acre, hai been very successful. This paper describes the develop. ment of the method, the initial disposal programi. and the proposed experimental program to deter- mine the maximum rate of disposal on a limited land area. (Christenbury- Iowa State) 0131 - E2 DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES IN THE SOIL, Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale; and Ohio State Univ.. Columbus. J. H. Jones, and O. S. Taylor. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 53- 55.1 tab. 2 fig, 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Septic tanks, 'Sewage disposal, 'Conductivity, Soil diiposal fields, Sewers, Construction, Absorption, Rural areas. Identifier!: 'Soil absorption, 'Soil clogging, Household wastes. Generally the most satisfactory method of dispos- ing of human excreta and household wastes in rural areas is the septic tank soil sbsorption system. While studies show that this is a safe system of household wastes disposal, many systems are mal- functioning; a high percentage of these failures is due to soil absorption difficulties. Thus the utility of the system depends on the size of the absorption field, the waste load, soil conditions, and the con- struction and installation of the absorption field. This paper discussed the criteria that should be used when designing a septic-tank system. The fac- tors affecting the satisfactory operation of the system are presented. Construction and installation practices are examined. Conditions affecting soil clogging are presented along with conductivity vs cumulative outflow graphs. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0132 - C4, D4 REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBIAL REDUC- TION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Bac- teriology. Edward C. Berry. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal e ASAE p«W'cation No SP- University- May 1966> p 56- 0130 - £2 DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE BY PLOW- Descriptors: .Farm wastes, 'Lagoons •B,odegradation, 'Sewage bacteria Odor, ASaero-' b.c condrtions. Aerobic conditions. E. coli Bac 203 image: ------- teria, Fungi, Aclinomycetes, Protozoa, Algae. Identifiers: 'Chemical environment, 'Physical en- vironment, Phage, Fermentor, Facultative, Microaerophilic, Inoculation. The cardinal principle on which all sanitation reduction work is based is to provide an environ- ment in which the micro-organisms can bring about conversion of undesirable material to a non-offen- sive and stable state in the shortest possible time. To bring this about it is necessary to consider (a) the wastes we want reduced and their end products and (b) the organisms that we want to perform this chore for us. The micro-organisms involved _ in manure reduction are to be found in the following groups: (a) bacteria (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic, facultative or obligate), (b) fungi, (c) actinomycete, (d) protozoa, (e) algae, and (0 phage. Each organism finds its optimum environ- ment under fairly restricted environmental condi- tions. This paper gives examples of the most com- mon micro-organisms and the effect the environ- ment has on their activity. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0133 - D4 AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE, Illinois Univ., Urbana. R. L. Irgens, and D. L. Day. Laboratory study is reported in more detail in 'Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research', II: (I) 1-10, 1966. R. L. Irgens and D. L. Day. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 58- 60. 8 fig, 3 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Aerobic treatment, 'Aeration, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Oxidation. Identifier!; Swine waste, Waste collection pits, Slotted-floor, Oxidation ditch. From the remits of these tests, it was calculated that for aerobic stabilization of the waste, about 6 cu. ft. of tank volume per pig would be required and approximately 1.2 Ib 02 per Ib of BOD (0.6S Ib BOD per 125-lb pig per day), or 2500 cu. ft. of air pen Ib of BOD at 3 per cent efficiency of oxygen utilization. The aerobic process for treating swine waste is odor-free and does not attract flies. The only gas that is produced is carbon dioxide which to a large extent will remain in solution as bicar- bonate. The organic matter that is not oxidized to carbon dioxide and water is converted to stable solids, which are easily dewatered and dried on a sand bed. The effluent has a low BOD and is free from ammonia. It seemed feasible to develop an ox- idation ditch inside a swine production bulding I slatted floors. ate) IU0UVII Ulivn iiiaaw • i utilizing self-cleaning sla (Chriitenbury-lowa Stati 0134 - B2, D4 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMS, Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering; and New Holland Machine Co., Pa. N. W. Webster, and J. T. Clayton. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No. SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 61- 65.2 tab, 14 fig, 20 ref. USDI water research act of 1964 (Public Law 88-379). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic conditions, •Aerobic conditions, 'Aeration, Sedimentation, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand. Identifiers: 'Dairy manure, Aerators, Aeration tanks, Sedimentation tanks. Systems, Volatile solids. Two aerobic waste-treatment systems were designed and tested for use in treating dairy manure. The systems were combinations of aera- tion and settlement for the purpose of reducing the pollution capabilities of the waste and to make it possible to use the treated effluent for transporting the fresh waste. The system utilizing anaerobic pri- mary settlement and secondary aeration system was selected as the best suited for agricultural use. A system using primary aeration with secondary settlement did not operate satisfactorily. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0135 - Cl, D4 TRICKLING FILTERS AS A DAIRY-MANURE STABILIZATION COMPONENT, Massachusetts Univ, Amherst. D. O. Bridgham, and J. T. Clayton. Manage Farm Animal Wastes, Amer Soc Agr Eng, St. Joseph, Mich, pp 66-68,1966. 3 p, 6 fig, 3 tab, 9 ref. OWRR Project A-009-M ASS. Descriptors: 'Trickling niters, Filters, 'Waste treatment. Sewage effluents, 'Farm wastes. Ef- fluents, Settling Basins, 'Cattle, 'Dairy industry. Wastes, Biochemical oxygen demand, Pollution abatement. Trickling filters are an effective means of reducing the polluting qualities of dairy manure and a possi- ble means of treating effluent for discharge or recirculation. Loading rate and waste temperature have a great effect on the quality of the effluent. Nine points were plotted for this experiment and labeled according to average BOD of the effluent under respective conditions. Assuming a linear relationship between points, a topograph was drawn for various qualities of effluent. With bub- bling aeration, a 1000-lb cow would require 334 cu ft of storage and treatment volume for 6 month* of operation between sludge removals. An aeration tank, 134 cu ft in volume, was operated at 95 deg F. The estimated size for 70 deg F operation was 200 cu ft. Experiments support Webster's value for siz- ing primary sedimentation tanks of 200 cu ft per cow for biannual sludge removal. Test results show the volume of trickling filter required per cow to meet specific temperatures and effluent qualities. Experiments suggest a sedimentation tank volume of about 114 cu ft per cow instead of the 248 cu ft actually used. Therefore, a trickling filter system would require from 346 to 391 cu ft of tanks per cow to produce an effluent BOD of 200 ppm. 0136 - D4 ON-SITE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY MANURE, Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Agricultural Engineer- ing. J. R. Howes. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 68- 69. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic conditions, Microorganisms, Peat, Cellulose, Aero- bic treatment. Identifiers: 'Composting, Fecal material, 'Litter, Heat of composting, 'Litterlife. Although composting dates back to antiquity, the composting of poultry litter in situ is new. A culture of 46 species of micro-organisms was mixed into a base of peat and various mineral*. This active mix- ture was spread at the rate of 1/2 Ib. per sq. ft. on poultry litter that was at least 6 in. deep and con- tained an appropriate balance of cellulose and fecal material, water used to clean the house interior was added to the liner and then mechanically mixed to initiate aerobic action. After heat of com- posting had subsided, birds were placed on the litter. This process is relatively inexpensive. It over- comes problems associated with obtaining and disposing of litter; provides odor and fly-free en- vironments; permits birds to be safely replaced on the same litter shortly after diseased stock has been removed or the houses flooded; permits humidifi- cation of poultry houses; keeps dust to a minimum and enables house interiors to be washed, thus in- creasing sanitation and equipment efficiency. (Christenbury - Iowa State) 0137 - B2, Cl, D4 PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTES BY LAGOONING, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. T. L. Willrich. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 70- 74.2 fig, 7 tab, 14 ref. U. S. Public Health Research Grant EF00410. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic conditions, 'Design criteria, 'Performance, Lagoons, Anaero- bic bacteria, Chromatium, Rhodothece, Odor, Gases. Sludge. Identifiers: 'Sludge accumulation, 'Swine wastes, 'Waste treatment lagoons, 'Anaerobic lagoons. Micro lagoons, Lagoon feeding. Gas production. Odor production. A brief history of lagooning at Iowa State Universi- ty U presented. The design and problems associated with operation of the lagoon are presented. Data was taken over a period of 8 yean to arrive at recommendation! for construction of lagoons. Fac- tors discussed include: detention times and sludge accumulation*, loading rates, lagoon performance, gas production, odor production, micro-lagooning, lagoon feeding, and design criteria. The recom- mended design criteria are: (I) For anaerobic lagoons which will receive fairly uniform and frequent (one-a-week or less) loadings: allow a minimum of 1 cu. ft. of lagoon water volume per pound of total animal weight confined in » hoc- finishing building, plus additional lagoon volume for sludge storage. (2) For lagoons which will recieve non-uniform and intermittent loading: allow a minimum of two cu. ft. of lagoon water volume per pound of total animal weight confined in a hog-finishing building, plus additional lagoon volume for sludge storage. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0138 - B2, Cl, D4 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ANAEROBIC LAGOONS FOR SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL, Nebraska State Dept. of Health, Lincoln. David R.Curtis. Proceedings National Symposiun on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP-0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. p 75-80. 5 fig, 5 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anat/obic conditions, 'Chemical oxygen demand, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Odor, 'Hydrogen ion concentration. Lagoons, Temperature, Oxidation-reduction potential. Alkalinity. Identifiers: 'Kjeldahl nitrogen. 'Volatile acids. 'Swine waste. Anaerobic lagoons. On-site investigations were conducted at 10 sketch of the plan and elevation views, chemical data on samples collected at various times during ,the study, and a typical cross section of the lagoons showing how solid* have accumulated. The tem- peratures in the lagoons ranged from 70 to SO F, with temperature* of 75 F and above more prevalent. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) data indicated that anaerobic condition* were present at all time* in the lagoons. Chemical analyses have proved to be effective diagonostic in- 204 image: ------- struments in evaluating the probable cauie of ob- jectional odors from lagoon installations. The determinations of greatest significance were pH, Kjeldahl nitrogen, volatile acids, alkalinity, BOD and COD. Design criteria for hog lagoon installa- tions for Nebraska are given. Operational procedures are outlined that should improve the chances for successful lagoon operations. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0139 - Dl CATTLE-MANURE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES, Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. R. W. Agnew,and R. C. Loehr. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 81- 84. Ifig.Jtab, lOref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Lagoons, • Anaerobic digestion, 'Aeration, Activated sludge, Solid wastes, Runoff, Chemical oxygen demand, Biochemical oiygen demand, Laboratory tests, Al- kalinity. Identifiers: • Waste characteristics, 'Polishing unit, •Anaerobic lagoons, 'Aeration systems, Settled solids. Solids handling. Solids disposal, Runoff con- trol. Volatile acids, Kjeldahl nitrogen. The characteristics of commercial lagooning operations were discussed. It was pointed out that there was a need for extensive planning in the design and operation of lagoons. It was suggested that a combination of an anaerobic lagoon and an aeration unit may be most practical for most instal- lations. Data was presented and discussed concern- ing the characteristics of anaerobic lagoons, aera- tion systems, and the settled solids. A potential treatment facility was proposed and discussed as to the cost, colids handling, solids disposal, efficiency, and runoff control. (Christenbury-lowaState) 0140 - D2 DEWATERING CHICKEN MANURES BY VACUUM FILTRATION, Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, N.Y., and New York State Dept, of Health, Albany. E. A.Cassell, A. F. Warner, and G. B. Jacobs. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 85- 91. 5 tab, 9 fig, 32 ref. N.Y. State Dept. of Health (Contract No. C-l 8768). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sludge treatment, •Poultry, 'Dewatering, Laboratory tests. Sewage sludge. Filtration, Municipal wastes. Identifiers: 'Sludge conditioners, 'Vacuum nitra- tion, Chemical-sludge conditioners. Conditioner dosage, Liquid requirements, Solids demand. The sludge conditioning and vacuum filtration characteristics of sewage sludges and chicken manures were found to be vastly different. Most of the sewage sludges were dcwatered with FeC13, FeCI3 and lime conbinations, cationic polyelec- trolyte, and non-ionic polyelectrolyte sludge condi- tioners. None of these effectively promoted the de- watering of chicken manures. On the other hand, the anionic polyelectrolyte effectively dewatered chicken manure, but not the sewage sludges. The anionic polyelectrolyte can reduce the specific re- sistance of chicken manures by as much as a factor of 15 and produce filter cakes with as high as 25 percent total solids. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0141 - D2 REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS (PART I), Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Otis E. Cross. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No Sf- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 91- Dewriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dewatering, 'Electro- osmosis, Laboratory tests, Cathodes, Poultry. Identifiers: Moisture distribution. Expelling water. This investigation was designed to determine the effectiveness of expelling water from poultry excre- ment by the electro-osmosis phenomena. Three factors were selected as being the most critical: amount of electric current, time, and distance between electrodes. Twelve plastic tubes were placed in a horizontal position. Each tube was 2 in ID and 65 cm. long. The piston-type anode was car- bon and maintained constant pressure upon the ex- crement sample by means of a weighted-lever ar- rangement. The cathode was a 1 mm. copper screen. The tests were conducted with three sample lengths: 40, 25, and 10 cm. The electro-osmosis phenomena produced a 57 percent decrease in moisture content. The amount of expelled water was. a function of current flow, time, length of sam- ple, and moisture content of the sample. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0142 - D2 . . REMOVAL OF MOISTURE FROM POULTRY WASTE BY ELECTRO-OSMOSIS (PART J). Michigan State University, East Lansing. Dept of Agricultural Engineering. F.v. Nurnburgcr, C. J. Mackson, and I. Davidson. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. p 93- 95.7 fig. . ' Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Electro-osmosis, 'De- watering, Poultry. Identifiers: 'Joule heating,. 'Gravity flow, Current flow. This investigation was undertaken to study the ef- fects of various electrode materials on the liquid expelled from chicken excrement by the process of electro-osmosis. It utilized the effects of joule heat- • ing and gravity flow. The results from using 5, JO, 15, and 20 v d-c were that 20 v d-c gave the ben results. Of the three materials used, stainless steel gave the best performance, copper was the poorest, and steel was intermediate. The maximum moisture-content reduction was 4.8 percent wb based on 22 hr. of operation at 20 v. This was not sufficient to reach a pelletable level from the initial value of 80 percent wb. The cost of the electric energy used was 12.7 cent per gallon of liquid removed based on the rate of 2 cent per Kw-hr (Christenbury-lowa State) 0143 - D2, E4 DESTRUCTION OF CHICKEN MANURE BY IN- CINERATION, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A. T, Sobel, and D. C. Ludington. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. D 95- u8' ?KU5i4^' n ref" N-X: State Depwtment of Health (Contract No C18965). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Incineration. Poultry. Laboratory tests. Heat balance. Natural resources. Identifiers: •Combustion, 'Solid fuels. Volatile solids, Mass balance. Fixed carbon. Ash, Heat of combustion, High heat valve. Low heat value Energy balance. The volatile solids in chicken manure represents considerable energy. Incineration is a process which utilizes this energy for destruction ofthe or- game portion ofthe manure. The application of ex- isting combustion theory to the incineration of chicken manure is difficult beacuse of lack of basic property information and the variability of the material. The incineration process is very depen- dent on the moisture content of the manure. A laboratory incinerator has been constructed to in- vestigate the incineration process. Initial trials of the incinerator have been restricted to partially dried manure. Considerable information has been obtained. Future application of incineration will depend on cost factors and possible air pollution hazards. A mass and heat balance for a typical in- cineration trial is given in an Appendix to the paper. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0144 - A2, Cl, Dl TREATMENT OF DUCKWASTES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY, Virginia State Water Control Board, Richmond. R. V. Davis, C. E. Cooley, and A. V. Hadder. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966. p 98- Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Coliforms, 'Poultry, 'Oysters, 'Water quality, Salmonella, Biochemical oxygen demand, Environmental effects, Settling basins. Identifiers: 'Rappahannock River, Pilot pond, Earnhardt Farms, Inc., MPN (Most probable number), Raw wastes, Duck run. Early in 1963 a six-month study was undertaken to determine the effect of coliform organisms in the treated wastes from two duck farms on water quali- ty in an oyster-producing and recreational area of the Rappahannock River near Urbanna, Virginia. Before tj|e treatment facilities were installed, water quality in the area was questionable for recreation purposes and was restricted for direct marketing of shellfish. Treatment consists of alternately used earthen settling basins, for removing solids, fol- lowed by 4-day retention earthen basins. These remove essentially all settleable solids and reduce the most probable number of coliform organisms per 100 ml. by 90 to 95 percent. On the oasis of data collected from the river, restrictions from the public oyster beds were lifted. Satisfactory recrea- tional water quality now exists throughout the area, except very near the discharges. (Christenbury-lowa Stale) 0145 - E3 VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS, Virginia Polytechnic Ins!., Blacksburg; Cornell Univ.. Ithaca, N.Y.; and Kansas State Univ., Man- hattan. J. P. Fontenot, A. N. Bhaltachanya.C. L. Drake. andW.H.McClure. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366. Michigan Stale University, May 1966, p ] 05- I OK.. 7 lab. 11 ref. • Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Sheep, 'Cattle. 'Feeds, Proteins, Metabolism, Ruminants, • Feeding rates. Identifiers: Nutritive value. Broiler litter. Digestible protein, Digestible energy, Metabolizable energy, Total digestible nutrients. Carcass grade. Rate of gain. Information has been presented concerning the nutritive value of broiler litter for ruminants. The litter wimples analyzed contained an average of 32 percent crude protein, dry basis. In autoclaved litter, true protein accounted for 45 percent of the total nitrogen. In metabolism trials with wethers, 25 and Stt percent uutoclaved peanut-hull and wood- shaving broiler litters replaced corresponding amounts of u corn-hay ration. There were no sig- 205 image: ------- nifkiint differences in digestible protein, digestible energy, metaholizahle energy, and TON content between kinds and levels of litter. Average values were 11.7 percent. 2440 kcal per kg, 2181 kcal per kg. and 59.K percent, respectively. It was found in Omening trials lhat rate of gain and carcass grade were not significantly different for beef steers fed mixtures containing 25 percent ground peanut-hull or wood-shaving broiler litter than for those fed a conventional fattening mixture. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0146 - E3 UTILIZATION OF ANIMAL WASTE AS FEED FOR RUMINANTS. Auburn Univ.. Ala. Dept. of Animal Science. Aw. hrudy Anthony Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management. ASAE Publication No SP- OJ66, Michigan Slate University. May I966.p 109- 112. UtatO.tref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, *Catlle, 'Chemical analysis. Feeds, Siluge, Nutrients. Amino acids. Vitamins. Identifiers: 'Feedlot manure. *Steer\, 'Digestion coefficients. 'Average daily gain. Manure, Carcass data. Analysis of feedlot manure showed it to be a valua- ble source of vitamins and ammo acids. Washed manure was mixed with a concentrated feed and successfully fed to steers. When unwashed manure was combined with a concentrated mixture or with silage and fed to steers, animul gain and feed effi- ciency were nol improved. Fresh feedlot manure proved to he a valuable ration component when it was either washed or autoclaved. Fresh feedlot manure was blended with coastal bermudagrass hay to make a palatable and nutritious low- moisture silage. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0147 - Bl, E3 COPROPHAGY AND USE OF ANIMAL WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FEEDS, Texas Tech. Univ..Lubbock. R. M.Durham. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May I 966, p 112- 114. 6 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feeds, 'Livestock, Poultry. Cattle, Calfishes, Sheep, Swine, Eggs. Identifiers: 'Coprophagy, 'All-concentrate ration, Feedlot steers, Digestion coefficient. This paper reports observations of coprophagy in cattle consuming an all-concentrate ration and the feeding of rations containing manure from these cattle to poultry, cattle, swine and catfish. The all- concentrate ration was composed of 89% ground milo, \0% cottonseed meal and 1% vitamin- mineral supplement. The manure was ground in a hammer mill without prior drying and mixed with other ration ingredients for feeding. Coprophagy has been observed in cattle consuming limited quantities of the all-concentrate ration. All-con- centrate cattle manure has been successfully fed to growing pullets and laying hens. The all-concen- trate manure has been fed to feedlot steers with generally favorable results to limit feed consump- tion. Catfish can make rapid gains on feedlot manure if care is taken to prevent oxygen deple- tion. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0148 - E3 ROLE OF THE RENDERER IN THE USE AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES, Triangle E By-ProductsCo., Harrisonburg, Va. E. L. Foerster, Sr. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste'Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 114- 117. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Cattle, Chemi- cal analysis, Economics, Disposal, Equipment, Digestion tanks. Nutrients. Identifiers: 'Rendering, 'Fallenstock, Protein con- tent, Coprophagy. Mr. Foerster gives a general history of the render- ing industry in the United States. He explains the role of the industry in disposing of fallen animals. He gives an analysis for a typical product from a rendering plant. Some data is presented concerning the economics of the rendering process. Through cooperation, the rendering plant can provide a use- ful and efficient service in disposing of fallen stock. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0149 - D4 EVALUATING ADAPTABILITY OF PASTURE GRASSES TO HYDROPONIC CULTURE AND THEIR ABILITY TO ACT AS CHEMICAL FIL- TERS Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md.; and Maryland Univ., College Park. Harry J.Eby. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366. Michigan State University, May 1966, p 117- 120. 6 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hydroponics, 'Ef- fluents, Nutrients, Municipal wastes, Lagoons, Grasses, Aquatic environment, Root development, Light penetration. Identifiers: Plant-nutrient removal percentage. Fer- tilizer value. Nutrient extraction potential, Surface The possibility of using hydroponics as a means of removing nutrients from sewage-treatment plants and lagoons is discussed. Several grasses were stu- died with rye and tall fescue showing the most promise. Data a presented in graph form showing the plant-nutrient removal percentages. Two ap- pendices are given. Appendix I shows the projected yield capabilities of the various forage grasses with the nutrient-extraction potential based on laborato- ry-scale sampling. Appendix II shows the method for computing the size of the hydroponic system required for any given volume of effluent. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0150 - Bl, Fl PROBLEMS OF CATTLE FEEDING IN ARIZONA AS RELATED TO ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT, Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. Thomas M. Stubblefield. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 120- 122. Href. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Legal aspects, Relocation, Area development. Odor, Arizona. Identifiers: 'Cowtowns, 'Feedlots, Metropolitan areas, Manure. Problems associated with locating large numbers of cattle near metropolitan areas are discussed. The particular problems with large feeders in Arizona and their solutions are presented. Feedlot manure selling for as high as $5 per ton in the 1940's now is a liability costing $1 to SI.SO per ton to remove. It has been advantageous for the feedlots to relocate near farming areas for more efficient disposal of the manure. To circumvent problems with re- sidential areas, 'cowtowns' are being developed. (Christenbury-lowa State) • 0151 - B2. Dl El, Fl ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID- MANURE DISPOSAL FOR CONFINEMENT FINISHING OF HOGS, Illinois Univ., . Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. Richard P. Kesler, Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366. Michigan State University. May 1966. p 122- 125.6 lab, 2ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Swine, 'Disposal, •Economics, 'Annual cost, Lagoons, Storage capacity, Size, Nutrients. Ultimate disposal. Liquid wastes. Identifiers: Manure, Total lagooning, Hauling and spreading. Recovery rate. Fertilizer nutrients, Salvaged nutrients. Manure is a valuable by-product of the hog indus- try. This manure must be disposed of on the land to obtain its inherent value. Factors that should be considered in choosing a manure disposal system are (a) amount of manure that is produced, (b) fer- tility content of the manure and its value as a replacement for commercial fertilizer, (c) disposal costs of each system, and (d) availability of cropland on which to spread the manure. An exten- sive economic analysis of three disposal systems is presented: (I) Total hauling and spreading, (41) Total lagooning, and (III) Partial hauling and spreading and lagooning. Three sizes of hog opera- lion were considered in the comparison: 500,1500, and 2500 head. (Christenbury-lnwii State) 0152 - B2, Dl, El, Fl ECONOMICS OF LIQUID-MANURE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK. Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. W. H.M.Morris. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 126- I3l.6tab. I fig, I6ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cost analysis, •Disposal, 'Value, 'Nutrients, Chemical oxygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand. Cost com- parison. Economic feasibility. Economics, Anaero- bic conditions. Aerobic treatment. Liquid wastes, Irrigation. Identifiers: 'Production model, Losses in storage. Value of manure, Utilization, Oxidation ditches. Some of the problems in estimating the costs and returns from handling manure have been discussed. Removal of the manure from the livestock produc- tion areas has not been discussed. In general, the scale and efficiency of the operation and preven- tion of dilution of the manure determine if the manure can be spread in the fields at a cost equal to or less than the value of the nutrients used by the crop. Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of manure in special low-cost facilities designed for use on the farm seem to be practical solutions. No profitable method of industrial utilization of livestock manure can be foraeen. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0153 - E3 POULTRY MANURE MARKETING, Pennsylvania SUM Univ., University Park. Herbert C.Jordan. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366. Michigan State University, May 1966, p 132- 133. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, • Marketing techniques. Fertilizers, Poultry analysis. Value, Economics. Identifiers: 'Bagging,'Processing. 206 image: ------- A survey was conducted between 1961 and 1963 concerning marketing poultry manure. Information concerning the following topics was collected: General, Bagging Manure, Processing, Supplemen- tal Mixture, and Marketing. Cost associated with bagging and minimum analysis (nitrogen. phosphoric acid, potash) is given for bags ranging from 2.5 to 80 pounds per bag. A summary of the data is presented pointed out that fresh manure is worth about $5 a ton to the soil ($20 per ton on a dry weight basis). Poultry manure used as an or- ganic soil conditioner is and perhaps will remain the greatest and most common use of poultry manure. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0154 - F4 FARM-WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. P. Allred. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University. May 1966, p 133- 136. I fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Equipment. Identifiers: 'Northern Europe, Family-size farm, Oxidation ditches, Disposal practices. Farmers throughout most of northern Europe are faced with many of the same waste-disposal problems as those confronting American farmers. Methods and equipment used for waste disposal are discussed with emphasis on the 'family-size' farm. Those individuals working with oxidation ditches are quite optimistic with its performance. When one compares rural waste-disposal practices in Eu- rope with those in America, there are noticeable differences in both equipment and methods. Sur- prisingly the greatest differences occur, however, in the people themselves and their attitude toward rural waste disposal. (Christenbury-lowu State) 0155 - B2, C5, E2 PLANT RESPONSE TO MANURE NUTRIENTS AND PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES, Forschungsanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft, Brunswick (West Germany). Cord Tictjen. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management. ASAE Publication No SP- 0366. Michigan State University, May 1966, p 136- 140. 3 tab, 9 fig, 12 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Liquid wastes, •Nutrients, Urine. Nitrogen cattle. Swine. Fertil- izers. Identifiers: 'Guile, 'Plant response. Plant nutrients, Manuring, Feces. To produce guile (liquid manure) from cattle feces and to apply it for manuring, the grassland has for a long time been the common way of disposal of animal waste in the Alpine foreland. New labor- saving barn arrangements, tools and implements promote the practice of guile utilization both for grassland and cropland. It was learned by field and pot experiments that guile can exert a strong in- fluence on plant growth. The physiological efficien- cy of guile nitrogen is several times higher than thut of nitrogen in common barnyard manures. Range of variation is great depending on guile processing and composition. Quality of manure, its contents and ratio of plant nutrients depend on kind of animals, individual properties of animals, feeding dilution by water or other additives, barn arrange- ment, collection and storage facilities. It is recom- mended that animal excrement be processed to a standardized manure - a full guile that can be characterized by its ratio of plant nutrients. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0156 - D4 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES, Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat, Arnhem. Henri M.J.Scheltinga. Proceedings National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, ASAE Publication No SP- 0366, Michigan State University, May 1966, p 140- 143. 7 tab, 3 fig, 10 ref. Descriptors; 'Farm wastes, 'Activated sludge, •Biological treatment, Swine, Laboratory tests, Nitrogen,Cost, Biochemical oxygen demand Identifiers; 'Nitrogen balance, 'Holland, 'Oxida- tion ditch, Nitrification, Bio-industries. This paper discussed treatment of farm wastes in Holland. Chemical and mechanical treatment alone have not proven satisfactory. Laboratory and full scale treatment experiments have been con- ducted. Aeration, anaerobic decomposition, ac- tivated sludge treatment, and oxidation ditch ex- periments have been performed. Foaming has been experienced in some tests. Nitrification and nitrogen balance for farm wastes are discussed. The cost associated with the treatment facilities were considered. (Christenbury- towa State) 0157 - F4 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. R. C. Loehr, Editor. In: Animal Waste Manage- ment, Proceedings Cornell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, January 13- 15,1969.414 p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Cattle, 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution, Soil contamination. Rates of application. Poultry, Sheep, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Dissolved ox- ygen, Hydrogen ion concentration. Oxidation Lagoons, Lagoons, Aeration, Soils, Moisture con- tent. Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash, Economics, Legal aspects, Legislation, Water quality act. Water table. Odors, Rotors, Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic conditions, Digestion, An- tibiotics, Irrigation, Oxygen, Rotations, Hydrology. •Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Land disposal, •Feedlots, 'Confinement, Population equivalent, Slatted floors. Decomposition. The increase in high density confined animal production operations in the past decade has led to a number of environmental quality problems, such as air and water pollution. The 1969 Conference attempted to bring knowledgeable individuals from many disciplines together to mutually discuss vari- ous aspects and potential solutions to the animal waste management problem. Forty-six papers, re- ports, and speeches are presented in the proceedings. Such diverse topics as hydrology, economics, odor measurement, lagooning, aerobic digestion, and land disposal are presented. Research and studies in many fields are reported (White-Iowa State) 0158 - F3 REFLECTIONS ON POLLUTION CONTROL, Zurn Industries, Inc., Washington, D.C. Leon W. Weinberger. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings, Cor- nell University, Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 1-3,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution •Water quality, 'Cost-benefit ratio, Water pollu- tion control. Environment, Waste water treatment Identifiers: 'National policy. National misconcep- tion. Dr. Weinberger expresses three personal view- points dealing with national policy on water pollu- tion control, cost benefit analysis in water pollution control, and finally comments on the greatest myth or misconception in water pollution control. This national misconception being that we do not know how to solve the problems of water pollution con- trol. Dr. Weinberger asks everyone to speak out and be heard on the way that you want to have our environment. (White-IowaState) 0159 - F4 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION-NOW AND IN THE YEARS AHEAD, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D.C. Donald R. King. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 4-8,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment, Legal aspects. Research and development, Design stan- dards. Waste treatment, Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Agricultural Pollution, Resource con- servation, Waste uses, Land planning. The report points out several avenues that warrant research attention; among them the following: (1) The potential benefits to control which may result from changing the character of animal wastes. (2) Information is needed on present control ap- proaches to make them more generally applicable. (3) The tremendous volume of animal wastes produced necessitates the development and appli- cation of new and more effective treatment and disposal methods. (4) Additional attention to potential uses for animal wastes would be desirable. (5) Land use planning also warrants emphasis. (6) Additional information also will be needed on the relationships of wastes to agricultural production which can be used to assist in establishing stan- dards. (White-Iowa State) 0160 - A2, Bl, Dl, Fl EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ON THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington, D.C. Harold Bernard. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 9-16. I tab, 2 fig, 5 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, * Legal aspects, 'Water quality act, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, 'Water quality standards, Mu- nicipal wastes, Industrial wastes. Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: FWPCA, Animal feedlot, 'Disposal requirements, 'Waste treatment standards. En- vironmental backlash. Interstate waters. Changes that have taken place in water quality standards are discussed. The purpose of the stan- dards is to: (a) provide an engineering base for the design of waste treatment works by municipalities and industries without uncertainties in waste disposal requirements in interstate waters, (b) Serve as a clear public (local) policy statement on the use or uses to which specific segments of in- terstate waters may be put after due consideration of all the factors delineated above. The effect of these changes in standards is discussed with rela- tion to the treatment of animal wastes. Future mu- nicipal B.O.D. loads and their subsequent treat- ment costs are brought out. It is mentioned that the FWPCA is interested in receiving proposals to demonstrate new or unique treatment and control techniques for animal wastes, especially in con- junction with an on-going operation. Only with the cooperation and leadership of the industry itself can techniques be developed to meet the various 207 image: ------- water quality standards and enable the industry a growth unimpeded by any environmental backlash. (White-Iowa State) 0161 - Bl, F3 THE CHALLENGE OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. Raymond C. Loehr. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 17-22. 5 ref Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odors, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Animal production, 'Waste manage- ment. Environmental quality. Interrelationships of animal production, Study and research. There is a woeful lack of understanding of the in- terrelationships between various aspects of animal production and waste management. It is to this point and to these relationships that this paper is addressed. The long term approach for animal production must be based upon not only optimal production of the product, but also on management of the entire production scheme such that it is con- sistent with the maintenance of acceptable environ- mental quality not only to the animals, and to the producers, but to society as a whole. The problem of animal waste management is actually many problems. It consists of technical, economic, social, educational, and perhaps above all, a communica- tions problem. The talents of individuals from many disciplines are needed to produce better solu- tions to the problem. We need to initiate more stu- dies that will take an overview of the animal production operation, feasible waste management systems, and their interrelationships. These studies should develop information that can be used as pre- dictive and/or decision making tools to anticipate and minimize problems that may result. Herein lies the greatest challenge of animal waste manage- ment. (White-Iowa State) 0162 - Dl. F4 THEORY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK OF ANIMAL WASTE TREATMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES, Toronto Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. P. H. Jones. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969,p 23-36. 2 tab,27 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Biological treatment, 'Oxygen, Water pollution, Nitrogen, Odors, Carbon, Waste water treatment, Aeration, Aerobic treatment, Anaero- bic digestion. Identifiers: Pollution potential, Waste charac- teristics, Integrated farming. Aerobic composting. This paper presents some of today's theories on waste treatment and their effectiveness, both so- cially and physically. The paper tells of the pollu- tion potential and characteristics of animal waste, as well as some of the waste treatment objectives. Theoretical formulas are presented for the in- troduction of oxygen into an aqueous system, and the reduction of BOD. Potential solutions to the waste treatment problem are listed and sum- marized as follows: integrated farming, anaerobic holding, aerobic systems, complete treatment, anaerobic digestion, drying and incineration, and aerobic composting. Research needs are given, as . well as a look to the future for what may be possi- ble. (White-Iowa State) 0163 - D4 DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR THE STABILIZA- TION OF HIGHLY ORGANIC MANURE SLUR- RIES BY AERATION, Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. Dept. of Environmental Sciences. Albert F. Vickers, and Emil J. Genetelji. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 37-49.7 fig, 6 tab, 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic treatment, 'Biochemical oxygen demand. Dis- solved oxygen odor, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Aerobic stabilization, Manure slurry, Ultimate disposal, Loading parameter, Suspended solids. It hits been determined in this research that aerobic stabilization basins are not suitable for the complete treatment of slurries of poultry manure. However, the aerobic stabilization basins do pro- vide satisfactory pretreatment prior to ultimate disposal. This treatment provides sufficient sta- bilization of the manure to eliminate nuisance problems when ultimately disposed of on land. The critical loading parameter determined in this bench scale system is a volume loading of 60 cubic feet of aeration basin per pound of applied BOD in the manure slurry. The average BOD reduction in the unsettled effluent was 87% with an average solids destruction of 53%. Foaming difficulties were en- countered after the critical loading parameter determined was exceeded. (White-Iowa State) 0164 - Cl, D4 SWINE WASTES, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhat- tan. Lawrence A. Schmid, and Ralph I. tipper. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969,p 50-37.4 tab, 2 fig, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion, Swine, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical ox- ygen demand, Methane, Odor, Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: 'Digester, Waste digestion, Feed ra- tion. Laboratory and field tests were undertaken to show the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion as a possi- ble solution to swine waste treatment. The. follow- ing conclusions are made from the study: (1) The waste characteristics can be related to pounds of waste per unit pound of live weight. (2) If organic removal is the desired objective, it can best be done by solids removal from the fresh wastes resulting in COD reductions of 90%. (3) Mixing is required in the anaerobic digestion phase to disperse the fresh waste. (4) Normally, the efficiency of anaerobic treatment can be increased by increasing the solids retention time. (5) Results have shown that con- ventional anaerobic digestion cannot be practiced on raw undiluted hog wastes which include the urine. (6) Digestion only for liquifaction does not require the close environmental control required to stimulate growth of methane bacteria. (7) Design for the objective of waste liquifaction for the pur- pose of reuse as flushing water, ultimate disposal on land, and ease of handling can be one answer to the problem of handling and treatment of wastes from confinement feeding of swine. (White-Iowa State) 0165 - B3, C5, D4 AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Texas Technological Coll., Lubbock. Dept of Civil Engineering. D. M. Wells, R. C. Albin, W. Grab, and R. Z. Wheaton. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 58-62.4 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Moisture content. Cattle, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Aerobic stabilization, 'Composting process. This is a progress report on research being con- ducted on the aerobic stabilization of solid beef feedlot wastes and is concerned with the compost- ing process and with the effect of feed, manage- ment, and climate on waste stabilization. Two general areas were reported in the paper, one con- cerned with composting in open air piles and the other with composting in a specially built drum type digester. Forty per cent reductions in volume and 20% losses in dry matter were noted. The most rapid rate of stabilization, seemingly takes place during the first few days of the process, with a steady decrease in the rate of stabilization occur- ring with time. (White-Iowa State) 0166 - C3, D4 ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN TRANSFER COEFFI- CIENTS IN ROTOR AERATION SYSTEMS, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. John J. Kolega, Gordon L. Nelson, and Quintin B. Graves. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 63-75. 9 fig, 4 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Equations, Oxygen, Dissolved oxygen, Oxygenation, 'Model studies. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Rotor aerator, 'Oxidation ditch, Ox- ygen transfer. The laboratory method described presents a technique for use in the engineering design and analysis of a horizontal rotor aerator system in livestock waste management. This procedure can be used to obtain quantitative prediction equations to estimate the oxygen transfer coefficients for a selected range of operating conditions. Once the prediction equation for a given system is dcvelpped, it can be further used to evaluate new applications provided the parameters fall within the range of the predicted equation developed. An equation for estimating the oxygen transfer coeffi- cients per revolution of rotor was obtained with a model rotor aerator using distilled water as the liquid. Rotor aerator performance curves illustrat- ing how the prediction equation can be used in livestock waste system design and management were also developed, (White-Iowa State) 0167 - AS, C3, D4 AEROBIC STORAGE OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. School of Civil En- gineering. Don E. Bloodgood, and C. M. Robson. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 76-80. 2 tab, 1 fig, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Aeration, Tem- perature, Odor, Chemical oxygen demand, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Dairy cattle, Loading rates, Kjeldahl nitrogen. Degradation, Volatile solids. Laboratory tests with seven liter, aerated con- tainers were performed in 4C and 24C rooms. Loading rate of 60, 80, 100, and 120 grams of wet raw dairy manure per day were used at both tem- peratures. Conclusions were made from the results of the experiment as follows. (1) The amount of leading does not influence the degree of degrada- tion that takes place. (2) The tests indicate a decrease in volatile solids of 20 per cent at 4C and 208 image: ------- 42 per cent at 24C. (3) Appreciable amounts of material with a COD are removed in the aerobic storage process. (4) The Kjeldahl nitrogen concen- tration of material remaining after aerobic storage is higher after the storage period. (5) Foaming is a real problem in the aerobic storage of manure from dairy cattle. (6) Aerobic storage of manure from dairy cattle has promise of minimizing the odor problem encountered in the spreading of unaerated material after storage. (White-Iowa State) 0168 - B2, C3, C4, D4, E3 AEROBIC DIGESTION OF DILUTED ANIMAL MANURE IN CLOSED SYSTEMS . TEMPORA- RY EXPEDIENT OR LONG RANGE SOLUTION, Massachusetts Univ., Amhcrst. Dept. of Civil En- ?Sneering. . T. Clayton,and T. H. Feng. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 81-87. 6 fig, I ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment, •Anaerobic digestion, 'Effluents, Cattle, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrates, Hydrogen ion concentration, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Sedimentation tanks, 'Degradation, Volatile solids. The pilot scale manure treatment system studied was an adapted composite of two aerobic-anaero- bic dairy manure treatment systems. It was designed to process the waste of one mature dairy cow, together with the water necessary to flush the manure from the barn. The system consisted of a 2000 gallon primary sedimentation tank, a 1000 gallon aeration tank, and a 200 gallon final sedi- mentation tank. The effluent was collected and analyzed at three different points in the closed system. Graphs of total solids, volatile solids, pH, BOD, and nitrate content versus time are given for the three effluent collection points. The overall ob- jective was to design a system the effluent from which could be used as a flushing and transport medium for subsequent cleanings of a dairy cow housing facility, or be discharged into a water course. (White-IowaState) 0169 - C3, D3 INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS UPON DIGESTIBILITY OF RUMINANT FECES, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Animal Husbandry Research Div. L. W. Smith, H. K. Goering, and C. H. Gordon. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 88-97. 10 tab, 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Digestion, Sheep, Orchardgrass, Alfalfa, Ruminants, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Sodium hydroxide, Sodium peroxide, In vitro fermentation, Chemical treatment. Sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxide treatment of orchardgrass and alfalfa cow feces resulted in large decreases in the cell wall (CW), cellulose, he- micellulose, and lignin contents. Treatment with sodium chlorite changed composition little except for a large reduction in lignin content. True CW digestibility was increased several fold by each treatment as measured by an in vitro fermentation technique. Corn silage rations containing 25% of the total dry matter (DM) as either untreated or 3% sodium peroxide treated orchardgrass feces were consumed equally well as an all corn silage ra- tion by sheep. Lower intake was observed for a corn silage ration which contained 50% similarly treated feces also on a dry matter basis. Digestibili- ty coefficients for the various components of the feces portion of the rations were calculated by dif- ference. Addition of 3"* sodium peroxide to feces increased average DM, 29; nitrogen, 25; CW, 55; cellulose, 41; and hemicellulose, 90 digestibility units over that of the untreated feces. Neither con- centration nor molar ratios of ruminal volatile fatty acids changed due to the inclusion of treated or un- treated feces in rations for sheep. (White-Iowa State) 0170 - E3 THE VALUE OF HYDROLYZED AND DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMI- NANT ANIMALS, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. T. A. Long, J. W. Bratzler, and D. E. H. Frear. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, I969,p 98-104. 12 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feeds, 'Nitrogen, Poultry, Cattle, Sheep, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Hydrolyzed poultry waste, Rations, Feedlot performance. Digestion coefficient, Car- cass characteristics. Information was presented concerning the value of heat treated poultry waste as a source of nutrient for ruminant animals. In a metabolism trial, whethers were fed a semi-purified ration in which the nitrogen was supplied by hydrolized poultry waste, cooked poultry waste, or soybean oil meal. The digestion coefficients for crude protein dif- fered significantly (PA.05) between all rations. Nitrogen excreted in the feces was significantly lower for the soybean oil meal ration than for the poultry waste ration. No other significant dif- ferences were observed. It was found in a fattening trial with steers that rate of gain, feed efficiency, and carcass grade were not significantly different for beef steers fed rations in which the supplemen- tal nitrogen was supplied as soy bean oil meal, hydrolized poultry waste or dried poultry waste. Rate of gain was higher (PA.05) for the steers fed the ration containing urea. The treated poultry waste rations were readily consumed by the steers and no undesirable effect on carcass characteristics were found. (White-Iowa State) 0171 - E3 CATTLE MANURE: RE-USE THROUGH WASTELAGE FEEDING, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Au- burn. W. Brady Anthony. In: Animal waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969,p 105-113.9tab, 1 fig, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Feeds, Per- formances, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Wastelage, Yeast fermentation. Manure collected daily from a concrete floor of a pen housing steers was blended with a fattening feed in the ratio of 2:3. The wastelage system was developed for more flexibility. Wastelage is the combining of fresh manure with ground grass hay in the ratio of 57:43 with storage in a silo until fed. Five conclusions were drawn from the study, (a) Fresh feedlot manure can be mixed with concen- trate and fed successfully to cattle with a considera- ble saving in feed used per unit of beef produced. (b) Wastelage represents a flexible system of removing manure daily, blending it with hay, and storing as silage, (c) Elimination of pollution from steer feedlots can be obtained through use of the wastelage plan, (d) Yeast can be produced on fluidized and aerated manure. About 68% of manure dry matter appears recoverable in the yeast fermentation product, (e) Feedlot manure properly handled is a valuable product for conversion to an animal feed. (White-Iowa State) 0172 - E2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID MANURE DISPOSAL BY THE PLOW- FURROW-COVER METHOD, Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brnuswick, N J Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 114-119. 8 fig. Descriptors: 'Slurries, 'Disposal, Farm wastes Poultry, Waste water disposal. Identifiers: 'Plow-furrow-cover, Utilization. A condensation is presented of experimental work that was done on land application of poultry manure slurries. Several pieces of equipment and different operations were looked at. Most incor- porated a single bottom 16 in. plow operating 7 in. to 8 in. deep. Manure was deposited in the furrow and then covered. Tank trailers and commercial liquid manure tanks were used to transport and funnel the slurry into the furrow. General per- formance specifications for plow-furrow-cover equipment is included. (White-Iowa State) 0173 - C3. E3 USE OF POULTRY MANURE FOR COR- RECTION OF Zn and Fe DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy. B. F. Miller, W. L. Lindsay, and A. A. Parse. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 120-123. 2 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, Poultry, Iron, 'Corn, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Micronutrient deficiency, Zinc. A greenhouse study was conducted with corn on a soil deficient in available Zn and Fe. Fifteen fertil- izer combinations including N,P, Zn, Fe, poultry manure and poultry manure ash were used. Adequate K was supplied by the soil. The results of this study are interpreted as showing that poultry manure is beneficial for the correction of Zn and Fe deficiencies. This benefit is supplementary to its value as an NPK fertilizer. Furthermore, the or- ganic fraction of poultry manure is important in rendering Zri and Fe more available to plants. This beneficial effect is greater in the case of Fe than Zn, but it is significant in both cases. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that manure and other organic wastes may either supply or give rise to natural chelating agents that aid in the solu- bilization of insoluble micronutrient elements in soil and thereby render them more available to plants. (White-Iowa State) 0174 - A2, A4, C3, E2 THE NITROGEN PROBLEM IN THE LAND DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science. L. R. Webber, and T. H. Lane. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 124-130. 3 tab, 1 fig, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, 'Ground- water, Nitrates, Water pollution sources, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Nitrogen pollution. Crop utilization. Pollution control. Segments of research are presented that lead to the preparation of guidelines outlining the cropland requirements for the utilization anddisposal of the nitrogenous compounds in liquid manures. The ob- jective in land spreading was two-fold: (a) to apply the waste at such rates that the practice will be nitrogen utilization for crop production at optimum use-efficiency; and (b) to apply the waste at such rates that the practice becomes primarily one of disposal while not contributing to environmental pollution (air, water, soil). Tables show the dif- 209 image: ------- ferent rates of application and how the nitrogen is removed. Recommendations are given as to how much land is required for crop utilization and pol- lution control for different livestock operations. {White-Iowa State) 0175 - Dl STATUS REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES FOR FARM ANIMAL WASTES IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, A. R. Townshend, K. A. Reichert, and J. H. Nodwell. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, I969,p 131-149.14 tab,3fig.9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, * Water pollution con- trol, Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Lagoons, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: * Population equivalent, 'Confinement housing, Pollution potential. Concentrations, Land disposal, Oxidation ditch. Farm animal waste problems of the agricultural in- dustry in Ontario are concentrated on the liquid manure water pollution control facilitiei presently serving swine, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and poultry confinement housing operations. It is concluded that based on present technology and economics, the approach to animal waste disposal in Ontario for the forsecable future should continue to be one of storage and land disposal rather than treatment and effluent discharge to water courses. The status report estimates the pollution potential of farm animal wastes; outlines the present methods of han- dling liquid manure from confinement operations; tabulates animal waste characteristics, loadings, and population equivalents; gives field data and ex- periences on typical water pollution control facili- ties; and concludes with guidelines on the selection, design, and operation of farm waste systems. (White-Iowa State) 0176 - D4, E2 DISPOSAL OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES BY AERATED LAGOONS AND IRRIGATION, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A. C. Dale, J. R. Ogilvie, A. C. Chang, and M. P. Douglas. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969,p 150-159. 11 fig. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoon, •Sprinkler irrigation, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxidation demand, Oxidation-reduction potential, Odor, Irrigation, Waste water treatment. identifiers: Dairy cattle. The system studied the aerobic type using a lagoon for storage and treatment but relying solely on sun- light and algae for oxygen. A mechanical surface aerator was used to supply oxygen and for mixing. An overhead sprinkler irrigation system was used in conjunction with the treatment lagoon. The liquid was applied to cropland (grassland) beside the lagoon. Perameters measured included BOD, COD, total solids, volatile solids, pH, and total gal- lons of influent and effluent; temperature, DO, pH and oxidation-reduction potential of the mixed liquor; distribution of effluent by irrigation; and odor associated with the area. Tentative conclu- sions were reached as a result of work to date: (a) The system is odorless, (b) The system provides a place to dispose of wastes at all times, (c) Nutrients are saved and are returned to the land, (d) With proper operation, runoff into streams and ditches is minimized, (e) Pollutional characteristics of all wastes are greatly lowered, (f) Cost of installation and operation do not appear to be excessive, (g) A relatively small amount of labor is required. (White-Iowa State) 0177 - B2, D4 FIELD TESTS OF OXIDATION DITCHES IN CONFINEMENT SWINE BUILDINGS, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Don D. Jones, Donald L. Day, and James C. Converse. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969,p 160-171, IS fig, 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Rotors, Ox- ygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Waste water treatment. Identifiers; 'Oxidation ditch, 'Confinement buildings, Total solidi, Volatile solids. Tests it the University of Illinois were conducted using two buildings with oxidation ditches. Deten- tion time, rotor speed, rotor immersion, and load- ing rates were varied. Oxygen demand, solidi, BOD and COD were measured periodically and plotted by a digital computer. Problems with foaming and ammonia odor were encountered, but solved by al- tering the liquid depth and rotor immersion. Ap- parently the velocity of the waste in the ditch seems to be the controlling factor in oxidation ditch operation. Adequate velocity and oxygenation oc- curred when the immersion of the aeration rotor into the waste was equal to approximately one- third of the liquid depth. A liquid volume of 200 to 250 cubic feet of ditch volume per foot of rotor length served to maintain a velocity that prevented solids from settling in the ditch. With sufficient gutter volume to give 50 days detention time, the aerobic digestion process can reduce the 5-day BOD of hog waste from approximately 35,000 mg/1 to around 3000 mg/1. (White-Iowa State) 0178 - D4 STUDY OF THE USE OF THE OXIDATION DITCH TO STABILIZE BEEF ANIMAL MANURES IN COLD CLIMATE, Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. ;j. A. Moore, R. E. Larson, and E. R. Allred. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969,p 172-177.3 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Climates, 'Air tem- perature, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Cattle, Rotors, Stabilization, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Slatted floor. When loaded at the rate of one animal per 210 cu. ft. of liquid it appears that the oxidation ditch can be operated in cold weather. From results of this trial it can be projected that the oxidation ditch can successfully function to contain and provide minimal treatment to beef cattle wastes in cold cli- mate with the pollutional threat stored until spring. At that time the liquid which is too polluted to be discharged to a waterway might be applied to a receptive soil media for further treatment. The results of a summer operation at a loading rate of one animal per 140 cu. ft. of liquid, indicate that the system achieved an 87% reduction of 5 day BOD. Additional treatment will be required how- ever, because the BOD of the slurry was 22,000 mg/1 at the end of the test period. Results indicate that the oxidation ditch system can be used to treat beef waste in climates which experience extended periods of sub-freezing temperatures, although digestion is minimal at these temperatures. Some foaming resulted but was not a limiting parameter. Normal operation has resulted in a low odor level. Sludge buildup was not a problem with an annual cleanoutcycle. (White-IowaState) 0179 - C3, D4 CHANGES IN COMPOSITION OF CONTINU- OUSLY AERATED POULTRY MANURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NITROGEN, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). J. B. Edwards, and J. B. Robinson. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 178-184. 5 fig, 2 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, Poultry, Aeration, Nitrification, Denitrificalion, Oxidation- reduction potential, Rotors, Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: 'Nitrogen loss, 'Oxidation ditch. The objectives were (a) to study the nitrogen trans- formation in continuously aerated liquid manure, .{b) to determine the most efficient means of eliminating nitrogen from waste (for situations in which sufficient land is not available to meet guidelines for pollution control) and (c) to deter- mine what steps must be taken to prevent losses of nitrogen from liquid manure (for situations in which crop utilization is an integral part of the .operation, and sufficient land is available). The study was limited to liquid poultry manure and this •report deals, in a preliminary way, with changes in nitrogen components in such waste continuously Derated in both laboratory units and in an oxidation ditch. The results show that the mechanical rotor as operated was not capable of maintaining strictly aerobic conditions in the ditches for more than a few days. In spite of thii, odor did not become a problem. From the limited data obtained, the ox- idation ditch appears to be a useful device for con- trolling the ultimate nitrogen content of the .manure before land utilization. By encouraging the nitrification-denitrification sequence nitrogen can be removed and, presumably, by inhibiting nitrifi- cation, nitrogen could be conserved. (White-Iowa State) 0180 - B2, D4 FARM WASTE DISPOSAL FIELD STUDIES UTILIZING A MODIFIED PASVEE OXIDATION DITCH, SETTLING TANK, LAGOON SYSTEM, Farmland Industries, Inc. Gerald R. Force, and Richard A. O'Dell. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 185-192.7 tab, 6 fig, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Lagoons, 'Ef- ficiencies, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Hydrogen-ion concentration, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Settling tank, Total solids, Fixed solids, Volatile solids. The system studied was two buildings, capable of holding 10 sows and litters apiece, located over ox- idation ditches. The ditches emptied into a settling tank which in turn emptied into a lagoon. Measure- ments of dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, BOD, COD, various solids determinations, various nitrogen determinations, and bacterial quantitation were taken and presented in 7 tables and 5 graphs. The data indicated that the oxidation ditch itself operated at approximately 50% efficiency under optimum operating conditions. The total system ditch, settling tank and lagoon appeared to operate between 70 and 90 per cent efficiency, depending on the research parameter studied. (White-Iowa State) 0181 - F4 FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL - A PROFILE FOR ACTION, Federal Water Pollution Control Federation, Kan- sas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region. John M. Rademacher, and Anthony V. Resnik. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 193-202.17 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution con- trol, 'Legislation, Groundwater, Water Quality Act. 210 image: ------- Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Animal production. Research, Regulation. This paper set the stage for the presentation of technical papers which followed at the Cornell University Animal Waste Management Con- ference. The background of animal production and examples of the pollution problem were given. Fac- tors causing the problem of animal waste disposal were discussed as well as accomplishments to date. These accomplishments included Federal laws to control pollution. A profile for action was presented as a model for action. The essential ele- ments were Re-education, Research and Regula- tion. He states that we have neither adequate knowledge for control nor full cooperation and in- volvement of all levels of Government and the private sector to solve the problems resulting from feedlot operations. More attention must be given to feedlot location and research devoted to the in- stitutional problems of animal waste management. There must be an organized and coordinated, inter- disciplinary approach to animal waste disposal (White-Iowa State) 0182 - A2, C2, C3, C4 CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. T. E. Norton,and R. W. Hansen. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management; 1969, p 203-216. 2 tab, 14 fig, 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, *Hydrographs, •Water quality, Rainfall simulators, Rainfall inten- sity, Biochemical oxygen demand, Runoff, Al- kalinity, Water pollution control. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Feedlot runoff, 'Hydrology charac- teristics, Surface storage, Effective depth, Over- land flow. The hydrologic and quality characteristics of runoff waste water resulting from precipitation on cattle feedlots are presented. The. overall objective of the study was to determine if the hydrology charac- teristics could be correlated with the quality characteristics through a modification of the flat plate model of overland flow. Once this correlation was established, the results were used to predict the quantity and quality of the runoff from existing feedlots. The field equipment consisted of rainfall simulation equipment and a sample collection and control device. Runoff was collected and analyzed from a 28 sq. ft. plot in 18 separate runs on 13 dif- ferent feedlots. The pollution characteristics of BOD, dissolved solids and alkalinity were corre- lated with an effective depth of overland flow. The correlation method and equations developed were used in an example of BOD prediction. (White- Iowa State) 0183 - A2, Bl, C5 THE EFFECT OF FEED, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT ON THE CONTROL OF POL- LUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Texas Technological Coll., Lubbock. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. W. Grub, R. C. Albin, D. M. Wells, and R. Z. Wheator. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 217-224.5 fig, 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Composition of wastes. Ra- tions, Feedlot layout, Waste accumulation. Incorporating both engineering and biological aspects, this report contains an analysis of data and suggests management and design practices that could materially reduce the pollution contributed from the small but densely populated feedlot area. The composition and quantity of wastes is looked at. The type of ration and changes in accumulated wastes are discussed in relation to the former top- ics. The effects of precipitation, surfacing material and slope, depth of waste accumulation, feedlot layout, and ration composition are discussed with °f 0184 - C3, C4, D4 TREATMENT OF WASTES FROM BEEF CAT- TLE FEEDLOTS - FIELD RESULTS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Raymond C.Loehr. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1 969, p 225-24 1 . 8 fig, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Anaerobic conditions. Alkalinity, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Chemical oxygen demand, Ammonia, Nitrates, Nitrites, Rainfall, Water pollution, Digestion, Waste water treatment. • Identifiers: •Feedlots, 'Aerobic stabilization, •Polishing unit, 'Intermittent loading, Volatile acids. Volatile solids, Total solids, Turbine blower. Results are presented from a field demonstration study to investigate an anaerobic-aerobic treatment system for beef cattle feedlot waste water, some of the management aspects of such a system are discussed, and data are presented on the quality of runoff from beef cattle feedlots. The demonstration system consisted of a 40,000 gallon anaerobic unit which overflowed into a 15,000 gallon aerobic unit. Aerobic stabilization was accomplished by means of a turbine blower and a simple diffuser system. The effluent from the aeration unit flowed to a polishing unit which provided for separation of the residual solids. The ability of this system to reduce the pollution from feedlot runoff was demon- strated. The system was able to absorb shock loads of waste that were periodically scraped. into the anaerobic unit. The results of the study showed that frequent addition of wastes to the system, frequent mixing of the anaerobic unit, and removal of only a portion of the contents of the anaerobic unit materially assisted the satisfactory performance of the unit and the maintenance of equilibrium condi- tions. The individual units have been shown to function adequately with a minimum of attention. Further treatment would be required before the ef- fluent could be released to a receiving stream. (White-Iowa State) 0185 - F4 WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Charles E. Ostrander. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management. 1969, p 242-244. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Nitrogen, Mortality Water pollution effects, Incineration, Storage' Odor, Disposal, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Compost, Nuisance, Pollution hazard Residential areas. Neighbors. The immediate concern of the author was the im- provement and the prevention of further destruc- tion of our environment. He spoke of the mag- nitude of the agricultural waste problem indicating the greatness of the technological and economic aspects. The importance of animal waste aa a source of organic nitrogen was pointed out, as were the dangers of inorganic nitrogen. Methods of han- dling and storage were brought out. The problem of disposing of mortality cases and possible solutions was discussed. Stress was placed on the creation of a favorable image of agriculture in the eyes of the public. (White-Iowa State) 0186 - D2, E3, Fl MANURE CONSERVATION, HUPSI Corp., Wabash, Ind. Robert M. LaSalle, Jr., and Mark Launder. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 245-248. I fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, Poultry. Potash, Air-conditioning, Cross profit, Costs, Dehydration, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Phosphoric acid, Anhydrous am- monia, 'Manure conservation. Tests were conducted in the fall and winter of 1967 on a proposed system of manure conservation. Poultry manure was stabilized and used as a fertil- izer rather than going through a bio-degradation process. Troughs were placed under the chickens and a weak phosphoric acid solution flowed by gravity under subsequently lower cage levels and finally into a sump from which it was pumped to the upper most levels. Droppings were immediately stabilized, denatured, and deodorized upon falling into the solution. Additional treatment consists of buffering to reduce the acidity to the proper value for fertilizer and adding potash to increase the potash values to that commensurate with the nitrogen and phosphate analysis for commercial use. Buffering can be done with anhydrous am- monia or potash so that either the nitrogen or potash values are augmented. By these means con- trol is available to bring the final product to any desired fertilizer analysis. An analysis of 10-3-2 can command a price of $61.60 per ton with a gross profit of 414.50 if dehydration is used. By refrigerating the solution flowing under the chickens, the chicken house is completely and per- fectly air conditioned. (White-Iowa State) 0187 - AS, B2, D4 CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS, Guelph Univ., (Ontario). Dept. of Poultry Science. J. P. Walker, fuidJ.Pos. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 249-253.3 Fig, 1 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Per- formance, Anaerobic conditions, Aerobic condi- tions, Mortality, Odor, Biochemical oxygen de- mand. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Feed conversion. Aerator, Population equivalent, Egg production. The hen housed egg production, feed conversion and mortality performance of caged layers in a pen with oxidation ditches was slightly better than that of caged layers in pens with liquid manure, storage tanks. The odor in the pens with oxidation ditches was leas offensive than in the pens with anaerobic storage. Aerators, however, should be installed out- side the pen area. The tank design is very important from the standpoint of liquid circulation, and clean-out. A drain to a sump hole for cleaning is es- sential. The foaming problem, while controlled by commercial anti-foaming agents, limits the practi- cal application of aerators for poultry until a more economical means is found. Cage systems that do not need dropping boards (eg. full stair-steps) should be used; this would eliminate shock loading, reduce odors and labor requirements. (White-Iowa State) 0188 - A6, Bl, Dl PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES IN SOME SYSTEMS OF MANURE HANDLING IN 211 image: ------- NORTHERN EUROPE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Animal Science. A.M. Meek, W.G. Merrill,andR. A. Pierce. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management. 1969. p 254-259.4 fig. 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Storage, Odor, Disposal, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Handling system. Slatted floors. Poisonous gases, Agitation, Free- stall housing. Dairy manure handling systems and operations were visited in Scotland, England, Denmark and Sweden. The various types of systems consisted of under-building and outside-underground storage facilities with some type of pump or shuttle agita- tion system. Many incorporated steel or concrete slatted floors with manure storage pits underneath. Problems of odor and poisonous gases were discussed. A list of 15 safety points for the preven- tion of gas problems was given. Symptoms of gas poisoning were also listed. (White-Iowa State) 0189 - AS, C3 MEASUREMENT OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF ANIMAL MANURES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.T.Sobel. In: Animal Waste Management. Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 260-270.6 fig, 4 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, Poultry, Anaerobic conditions, Pollutant identification, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Vapor dilution, 'Threshold Odor Number, 'Odor Intensity Index, Liquid dilution, Panel, Batch condition, Odor strength, Ranking. Strength is a characteristic of an odor that can be measured. In contrast to characteristics such as quality and occurrence which rely only on in- dividual opinion, strength allows associating a number with an odor. This can be very valuable for comparing manure handling systems as to odor production. Measurement of odor strength is usually accomplished by determining the mag- nitude of dilution required so that the odor is just detectable (olfactory threshold). The human nose is utilized as the detector. The application of the measurement of odor strength to animal manures was attempted in the laboratory. The method of liquid dilution and the method of vapor dilution were investigated. Vapor dilution looks at the odors arising from the manure while liquid dilution is concerned with the odors in the manure or the odor potential of the manure. Fifteen conclusions and observations were made as a result of the stu- dy. (White-Iowa State) 0190 - AS, Bl, C3, C4 MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POULTRY MANURE AS- SOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSITION AND ODOR GENERATION, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science. William E. Burnett, and Norman C. Dondero. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 271-291. 18 fig, 1 tab, S3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor, Aero- bic bacteria, Anaerobic bacteria, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Sulfur bacteria, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Olfactory threshold test, 'Odor Inten- sity Index, 'Threshold odor numbers, Uric acid, Odor panel, Volatile organic acids. Changes in the microbial and chemical composi- tion of batch lots of 'dry' and liquid' poultry manure during decomposition were related to the production of offensive odors. The decomposition of uric acid by both aerobic and anaerobic uricolytic bacteria appeared to be related to the formation of significant quantities of ammonia. The number of sulfate-reducing bacteria, including Desulfovibrio species, increased during the course of decomposition of liquid poultry manure. These organisms were implicated as producers of some of the hydrogen sulfide in liquid poultry waste. There were apparent correlations between an increase in odor intensity of liquid manure with increased storage time and the concentrations of volatile or- ganic acids, ammonia, and sulfides. (Miner-Iowa State) 0191 ,- AS, D3 CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ODOR REMOVAL IN SOIL SYSTEMS, Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. R. C. Gumerman, and D. A. Carlson. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 292-302.6 fig, 1 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Hydrogen sul- fide. Soil moisture, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Soil filter, 'Removal mechanism, De- tention time, Reaction temperature. On the basis of the data presented, it was found possible to postulate mechanisms which describe the removal of hydrogen sulfide species on soil in both wet and dry conditions. Removal of high con- centrations of hydrogen sulfide from moving air streams is performed much more efficiently by dry soil than wet. Inter-related parameters which in- fluence the removal of hydrogen sulfide by dry sterile soil are detention time, reaction tempera- ture, amount of hydrogen sulfide entering, concen- tration of hydrogen sulfide, and the total flow rate. A method of design optimization is presented which determines for a given concentration and in- fluent gas temperature, the total flow rate at which the maximum removal of hydrogen sulfide per unit time results. It is felt this design optimization- method should be restricted to air streams contain- ing only hydrogen sulfide, until further research delineates the removal mechanism for other odorous gases. (White-Iowa State) 0192 - A5, A6, D2 POULTRY HOUSE DUST, ODOR AND THEIR MECHANICAL REMOVAL, Harry J. Eby.and G. B. Willson. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 303-309.1 tab, 5 fig, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor, •Dusts, Filters, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Foam pad filters. Clogging. Tests of plastic foam pad filters as a method of trapping the odor carrying dusts from a poultry house exhaust fan air stream have shown that foam pads of 10 to 40 pores per square inch are effective. However, the tests show that such pads become clogged with dust in about 6 to 9 hours of opera- tion. Vacuum cleaning and water washing methods of cleaning for continued use were ineffective and the high initial cost of the foam filter material were deemed to make this method impractical. Tests of a device in which the exhaust air is deflected tangen- tially across a 1/2 inch mesh screen showed that such methodsyvould remove at least a portion of the odor carrying dust. These were also deemed im- practical in that the filter ability would appear to be a direct function of the relative humidity and as such would be the least efficient when low relative humidity within the poultry house would make the dust problem the greatest. Other methods of possi- ble filtering techniques were discussed. (White- Iowa State) 0193 - A3, C2, C3, C4, D4 CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUEOUS SOLU- TIONS OF CATTLE MANURE, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engineering. John C. Ward, and E.M.Jex. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 310-326. 5 fig, 4 tab, 25 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Aqueous solutions. Biochemical oxygen demand, Dissolved solids. Hydrogen ion concentration. Foaming, Ox- idation-reduction potential, Coagulation, Waste .water treatment. Identifiers: 'Volatile solids, 'Colloidal properties. Activation energy. The primary objective was to investigate the aque- ous characteristics (biochemical oxygen demand, conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, coagulation and colloidal properties, dissolved solids, volatile solids, and foaming) of solutions of cattle manure containing the combined urine and feces present in samples from cattle feedlots. This information could then be used in the design of facilities for treating runoff from cattle feedlots. It was assumed that treatment of this runoff would probably be by means of lagoons used to capture the runoff, and that these lagoons would be artifi- cially aerated. In this type of aerobic treatment, the biochemical oxygen demand is satisfied in much the same way as in a stream. Formulas were developed and explained and 25 references were utilized. (White-Iowa State) 0194 - C4 TYPICAL VARIATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN DEMAND OF ANIMAL WASTES, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. Paul Taiganides, and Richard K. White. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 327-335. 2 tab, 7 fig, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Oxygen demand, Temperature, Hogs, Cattle, Poultry, Sheep, Pollutant identification, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Warburg, 'SewageSeeding, 'BOD ox- ygen probe, Dilution effects. Tables and figures were presented to emphasize the' inherent variability in the parameters used in mea- suring oxygen demand. Reliable values of oxygen demand are essential because they are used as design parameters in waste treatment plants. Past and present experiments are being done with large numbers of replicates for each experiment to deter- mine a reliable range of values for the various ox- ygen demand parameters of animal wastes. BOD was expressed in milligrams of oxygen required per gram of total solid matter (mg O2/g TS) since values' reported in ppm or mg/l are useless because of the large variability in solid content of the waste and the high dilutions needed for the BOD test. Three methods of determining the .BOD of animal waste were tested. These were the standard test, the BOD oxygen probe and Warburg. Effects of temperature and seeding with sewage were also ex- plored. (White-Iowa State) 0195 - C5, D4 ROLE OF EXCRETED ANTIBIOTIC IN MODI- FYING MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF FEEDLOT WASTE 212 image: ------- Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Microbiology. S. M. Morrison, D. W. Grant, Sister M. P. Nevins, and Keith Elmund. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 336-339. 1 tab,2ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Antibiotics, Cultures, Cattle, Confinement pens, Biodegradation, Pesti- cide residues, Assay, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'Chlortetracycline, 'Biological sta- bilization, Feedlot, Manure decomposition, Microbial decomposition, In situ manure. The results presented in this paper are derived from studies on the process of biological stabilization of feedlot manure and the acceleration of the sta- bilization process. It is a specific study on some microbial inhibitions which may be playing a role in the biodegradation of feedlot waste. Samples of manure were taken from pasture, in situ manure from feedlot pens, and stockpiled manure from a feedlot. Cultures of the filter-sterilized manure ex- tract gave rather conclusive evidence that the sub- stance causing growth inhibition in the extracts was Chlortetracycline residue in the excreted manure. It was calculated that 75% of the, ingested antibiotic was excreted in the feces. Temperature tests' in- dicate that during the winter months biodegrada- tion of manure is not only inhibited by cold tem- peratures but also by the persistence of the an- tibiotic residue and the continuous deposition of antibiotic containing fresh manure. (White-Iowa State) 0196 - C3, E3 THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON POULTRY LITTER COMPOSITION, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Animal Science. F. F. El-Sabban, T. A. Long, R. F. Gentry, and D. E. H. Frear. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, 1969, p 340-346. 4 tab, 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Nitrogen, Carbohydrates, Insulation, Ventilation, Mineralo- gy, Moisture, Correlation analysis, Nutrients, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Litter composition, 'Nutritive value, Dry matter, Crude protein, True protein, Ether ex- tract, Crude fiber. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of poultry waste (litter and manure), relevant to its possible utilization as a source of nutrients. Litter samples were obtained from 33 broiler houses and 22 laying houses. Fresh manure was secured from S houses having layers in cages. The dry matter content was determined and sam- ples were analyzed for crude protein, true protein, crude fiber, ether extract, and total ash. In addi- tion, twelve mineral elements were determined. Poultry litter was found to contain considerable amounts of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and car- bohydrates. Various factors such as bird type, bird density, kind of litter base material, litter depth, and poultry house conditions (ventilation, insula- tion, and house temperature) were all found to af- fect the proximate components of poultry litter. If poultry waste is to be utilized for its nutritive value for plants or animals, it is recommended that each batch be chemically analyzed before use. Although a limited number of sample: was available, varia- tion in composition was sufficient to warrant their individual analysis. (White-Iowa State) 0197 - D2 REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.t.Sobel. Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cornell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 347-362,1969. S fig, 2 tab, 12 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Moisture content. Odor, Weight, Volume, Humidity, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Equilibrium moisture content, 'Rela- tive humidity, Handling characteristics, Volatile solids. Drying times. Thermal removal. The removal of water from animal manures changes the handing characteristics of the manure, reduces the weight and volume to be handled, and reduces the offensive odor of the manure. Water can be removed from manure by mechanical, ther- mal, and absorptive means. Mechanical methods such as direct pressing present the difficulty of the removed water containing considerable volatile solids. Thermal removal was investigated from the standpoint of utilizing a thin layer, unheated air, and very low or 'static' air velocity. The equilibri- um moisture content of chicken manure is com- parable with other agricultural hygroscopic materi- als. Equilibrium moisture content values are presented for temperatures 70, 90, 110F. Drying times for chicken manure under these conditions is in terms of days. Drying times are greatly in- fluenced by sample variation. Effects of humidity on drying time are significant but sample variation has an effect similar to a plus or minus 15% relative humidity change. Moisture loss from a 'deep' layer of manure is less than that from a free water sur- face. (White-Iowa State) 0198 - F4 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VS. ENVIRON- MENTAL QUALITY • AN IMPASSE, ' Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C. Natural Resource Economics Div. Joseph P. Biniek. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management,p 363-368,1969. 14 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Economic efficiency, Water Quality Act, Air pollution, Odors, Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Livestock production, 'Production ef- ficiency, 'Environmental quality, Quality stan- dards, Public conern, Economic development. The possibilities of merging the two objectives of production efficiency and environmental quality are explored. To establish a basis for merging the two objectives, the author discusses environmental quality, quality standards, and public concern. Secondly he reviews the changing concepts of economic efficiency and illustrates these changes by discussing four stages of economic develop- ment. The discussion is concluded with a section devoted to the merging of the two objectives, en- vironmental quality and production efficiency. An impasses can be averted, but it will require new > modes of thought, and constructive responses to new situations. (White-Iowa State) 0199 - Al, Bl, D2, D4, Fl RELATIVE ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BY SELECTED WET AND DRY TECHNIQUES, Resource Engineering Associates, Inc., Stamford, Conn. Robert W. Okey, Robert N. Rickles, and Robert B. Taylor. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 369-387, 1969. 5 fig, 17 tab, 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Cattle, 'Cost analysis. Effluent, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. Odor, Aeration, Nitrogen Denitrification, Ultimate disposal. Incineration, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Wet systems. Dry systems, Effluent standards, Clarifier systems, Biological conversion. Solids conditioning system. Scrubbing system, An- cillary system. The report presents the basic elements required for the design of two waste treatment facilities to han- dle the wastes from feedlots carrying 500, 1000, 5,000, 10,000. and 25,000 animals. The plants were designed to meet specified liquid and gaseous effluent standards. The standards selected are be- lieved to be consistent with present and projected effluent requirements. It should be noted that some water courses may not be able to assimilate ef- fluents of the quality discussed here. The two systems designed and costed in this work employed on one hand more or less conventional liquid waste treatment procedures; the other employed in- cineration and treated the undiluted animal waste as delivered as a solid waste, i.e., sludge. The capital and operational cost of these systems were computed and related to the number of animals and the gain anticipated in the feedlot. A waste treatment cost in terms of animal-years and per pound was then obtained. Five conclusions were reached as a result of the study, among them, that wet systems are more expensive to own and operate than systems designed to handle solids. (White- Iowa State) 0200 - E2, E3, Fl THE ECONOMICS OF POULTRY MANURE DISPOSAL, New York State Coll. of Agriculture, Ithaca. R. E. Linton. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 388-392,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Economics, •Land use, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash, New York, Disposal, Waste water treat- ment. , Identifiers: 'Land disposal, 'Cost calculations, •Waste management. Transportation costs, Cat- skill resort industry. This study was initiated in response to the general problem of conflicts over rural land use, particu- larly those involving farm operations. More specifi- cally and as a notable example, the study dealt with the problems of conflict between poultry and other land uses. The problem of land use conflict related to waste management was approached through the aspect of recognizing the internal costs to farmers of some of the alternatives in waste management. As a result of the study one particular pattern of manure disposal seemed to justify serious con- sideration and was singled out for discussion and cost calculations. This pattern included some means of land spreading as a practical and accepta- ble disposal method. Comments were made about the value of poultry manure in replacing commer- cial fertilizer, and this value is discussed as a means of at least partial disposal cost recovery. (White- Iowa State) 0201 - E2, Fl ECONOMIC RETURN FROM VARIOUS LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY CATTLE MANURE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. L. W. McEachron, P. J. Zwerman.C. D. Kearl, and R. B. Musgrave. Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cornell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 393-400,1969.11 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, »Fertilizers, 'Rota- tions, Cattle, Economics, Soil types, Disposal Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Land disposal. Continu- ous corn, Lima silt loam. Manure hauling and spreading, Total digestible nutrients. image: ------- Census of Agriculture data are presented to in- dicate that dairy cattle manure could well be disposed of on the land. Farm cost accounting data are presented to indicate that cost per ton of haul- ing and spreading averaged J1.92 for farms with free stalls and about 140 cows to $3.18 for those with stanchions and 65 cows. Percent yield in- crease on crops grown per ton of manure applied range from .4% tor oats to 6.6% for alfalfa. These percent yield increases were generalized without regard to mineral fertilization and applied to War- ren's (1968) yield data for the state of New York at various farming levels. Without a charge for haul- ing and spreading dairy cattle manure crop yield returns ranged from $1.42 per tone to a deficit of $0.26. (White-IowaState) 0202 - AS, B2, Fl ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIQUID MANURE SYSTEMS FOR FREE STALL DAIRY BARNS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. George L. Casler. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 401-406, 1969.3 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Economics, 'Value, Cattle, Costs, Odor, Fertilizer, New York, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Liquid manure system, 'Labor dis- tribution, 'Labor requirements, Dairy cattle, Free stall barns. The purpose was to evaluate liquid manure systems in free-stall dairy barns primarily from an economic viewpoint. If a liquid manure system is to be justified, such justification will have to be based on other advantages in addition to increased manure value and reduced labor requirement. The primary other advantage is the possibility of not hauling manure at periods of peak labor demand for plant- ing and harvesting crops. However, to actually reap the benefits of improved labor distribution, a dairyman needs a reasonably long storage period and must very carefully plan his cleaning schedule. In addition, the very unpleasant odor created at the time the storage tank is emptied precludes the use of a liquid manure system in areas where neighbors would object to this odor. It appears to the author that the air pollution or odor problem is much more serious with a liquid manure system than with daily apreading. (While-Iowa State) 0203 - F2, F3 WHO SHOULD REGULATE POULTRY CON- FLICT PROBLEMS. Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Coll. of Agricul- ture. David J. Alice, and Pierre Clavel. In: Animal Waste Management, Proceedings Cor- nell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, p 407-414, 1969. 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Technology, Local governments, State government, Odor, Com- munication, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Regulatory mechanisms, Industry committee, Political resources. Waste management technology, Conflict, Resolution of problems. Economic and social theory applicable to conflict situations, such as those that arise downstream or downwind from poultry houses, has some ability to indicate directions for administered solutions to these problems. Based upon such theory, related research and a case'study of a number of ways in which rural communities have dealt with situations of stress between components of the community, the outlook for regulatory devices is appraised. An informal voluntary industry committee approach is found to be as effective in bringing together neces- sary technical expertise and social regulatory mechanisms as any other approach which the limited resources of many rural communities can support. It is suggested that because of a shortage of administrative and political resources many rural areas will resist effective resolution of conflict problems due to agricultural wastes until finally controls will be imposed by essentially urban oriented units of government. (White-Iowa State) 0204 - F4 POULTRY POLLUTION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing. Research Report 117, Farm Science, July 1970. S3 pages. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dehydra- tion, Eggs, Nitrogen, Diets, Feeds, Odor, Water pollution, Air pollution. Soil contamination. Dis- ease, Insects, Standards, Land use, Septic tanks. Sludge disposal, Digestion, Ventilation, Rates of application. Corn, Nitrate, Chemical properties, Drying, Moisture content, Nutrients, Taste. Identifiers: Environmental quality, Indoor lagoons, Laying hens. Feed conversion. Egg production. Dehydrated poultry waste. Feed efficiency. The report contains eleven articles with an in- troduction and a table compilation of properties of poultry waste that were analyzed. Reports on in- door septic handling of poultry manure and effect of application rate of chicken manure on corn yields are presented. A large part of the report deals with drying and feeding poultry manure to laying hens. Results of feeding dehydrated poultry waste to laying hern and its effect on egg produc- tion, feed conversion, body weight, egg weight, shell thickness, Haugh score, egg taste, and quality changes during storage are presented. Acceptabili- ty and digestibility of poultry and dairy wastes by sheep is also reported. Bacteriological procedures and current research being carried out at Michigan State University conclude the report. (White-Iowa State) 0205 - F4 INTRODUCTION, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Depf. of Poultry Science. H. C. Zindel, and C. 1. Flegal. In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 4-7. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Odor, Water pollution, Air pollution. Soil contamination. Technology, Nitrates, Nitrites, Disease, Insects, Treatment, Disposal, Standards, Land use. Identifiers: 'Environmental quality, 'Confinement production, Animal management. Facility design. The introductory remarks explain that agriculture- related pollution is but one part of a large national problem; so it must be considered together with municipal, industrial, marine and all other types of pollution in developing an integrated plan for im- proving the quality of our environment. The volume of livestock wastes produced a a function of the degree concentration and the size of in- dividual production units. Animal wastes are of concern in water, air, and soil pollution. Examples of the increasing numbers of livestock and poultry being produced are given. New and improved technology is needed to handle the wastes from these animals. Problems discussed concerning pol- lution are: disease, odor, soil contamination, and insects. Four areas of emphasis are given that en- compass the elements of a program for controlling animal wastes, (See also wf 1-03555) (White-Iowa State) 0206 - AS, B2, D4 POULTRY MANURE HANDLING BY INDOOR SEPTIC TANKS (SO-CALLED INDOOR LAGOONS'), Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. J. A. Davidson, and C.), Mackson, In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 8-9. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Septic tanks, 'Sludge, Sludge disposal. Digestion, Odor, Ventilation. Identifiers: 'Indoor lagoons, Laying hens, Com- pressed air agitation, Paddle wheel agitation. Floor space. The report details the UK of shallow water filled tanks for the disposal of poultry manure. The ex- periment was carried on for S yean, during which time several variations were used. The original ex- periment consisted of a tank 10' x 24' x 2* deep in a pen 20' x 24'. The tank was filled with 18" of water and all droppings were caught in the tank. The second year, compressed air was used to agitate the material. Approximately 9 inches of sludge was cleaned out after 11 months of operation. Flies were no problem. Successive experiments used dif- ferent amounts and methods of agitation. Each year the sludge accumulation was cleaned out with a septic tank service truck. Indoor septic tanks (in- door lagoons) covering 112 the floor space can han- dle the droppings from 300 laying hens for at least 11 months. This means one annual cleaning. This method could be used in cage operations. (White-Iowa State) 0207 - E3 THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION RATE OF CHICKEN MANURE ON THE YIELD OF CORN, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of Poultry Science. L. S. Robertson, and John Worford. In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 10- Detcriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Chemical properties, 'Rates of application. Hydrogen ion concentration. Phosphorus, Potassium, Sou tests. Corn, Crop production, Michigan, Nitrate; Mag- nesium, Carbon. Identifiers; 'Plant food content, Huron County Michigan. The report begins by giving an indication of the magnitude of the poultry manure problem in Michigan. Tables showing the chemical charac- teristics and plant food content of chicken manure are presented. The effect of high rates of manure application upon soil test results are shown. The application of 46.4 tons/acre of manure signifi- cantly increased the levels of phosphorus, potassi- um, magnesium, nitrate, and percent of carbon in the soil. At the same time, the pH level was reduced from 7.7 to 7.1. An experiment involving different rates of poultry manure application, one fertilizer application, and no treatment was used to deter- mine the effect of chicken manure on com grain yield. The use of commercial fertilizer did not in-' crease corn yields. Previous field management made this result expected. The use of several rates of manure has not greatly affected the yields. The use of 46.4 tons/acre tended to decrease corn yields slightly. It is not known at the present time whether this apparent depression it real. The data suggest that a tremendous iuantity of chicken manure can be incorporated into the soil without any opportunity for damage to a corn crop. (White-Iowa State) 0208 - D2 DRYING ANIMAL WASTE, 214 image: ------- Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. T. C. Surbrook. J. S. Boyd. and H. C. Zindel. In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing. July 1970, p 16-20. 5 tab, 1 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Cattle, •Hogs, 'Drying, Moisture content, Nutrients, Bulk density. Costs, Screens, Electric power. Identifiers: "Dryer operation, Hammemnill, Drying chamber, Fuel consumption. The report gives details and test results from a machine used for drying animal waste. Production figures for the drier while processing different 1 kinds of animal excreta are given. Details of the drier operation are described. Initial moisture con- tents ranged from 72 to 82 percent. The machine incorporates inclined shaking surfaces and screens, a hammermill and temperatures from 200 to HOOF. The drier successfully processed dairy, beef, swine and poultry excreta. Costs to produce one ton of the dried product are given. A table gives projected numbers of animals which the machine might serve. Density and nutrient levels of the dried excreta are listed. Odors were less intense than that of fresh excreta. (White-Iowa State) 0209 - E3 THE UTILIZATION OF POULTRY WASTE AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR GROWING CHICKS, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. J. Flegal, and H. C. Zindel. In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 21- 2g.Stab,2lref SL/IKU>I «<«•*•"«•"» Weight, Mortality. Identifiers: 'Feed composition, Dehydrated poultry waste, Significance, Feed efficiency. Two experiments were conducted to determine the nutritional value of dehydrated poultry waste (DPW) for growing chicks from I to 28 days of age. The four-week mean body weight of Leghorn- type chicks was not influenced when up to 20 per- cent of the diet consisted of the DPW. Diets which contained levels of 10 and 20 percent DPW, when fed to broiler-type chicks, resulted in a reduction in four-week mean body weight; 3 percent DPW had no influence on the four-week mean body weight. Food efficiency was inversely related to the level of DPW in the diet; i.e., the higher the level of DPW, the poorer the feed efficiency. However, in the trial in which broiler-type chicks were used, added fat placed in the diet which contained 20 percent DPW improved weight gain and feed efficiency. It is suggested that the DPW used in these trials was a low energy product. (White-IowaState) 0210 - E3 THE RESULT OF FEEDING DRIED POULTRY WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON EGG PRODUC- TION AND FEED CONVERSION, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science, C.J. Flegal. and H.C. Zindel. In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 29- 3uT2tab. Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Poultry, Eggs, Feeds, Diets, Corn, Lipidi, Calcium, Phosphorus. Identifiers: 'Egg production, 'Feed conversion, Dried poultry waste, White Leghorn layers. Four replicates of eight birds each were fed one of thirteen possible diets which were presented in tabular form. The 416 White Leghorn type layers were on test for 139 consecutive days. Each hen was confined in an individual cage having a floor area of 8 x 16 inches. The percent egg production on a hen housed bash and kilos of feed per dozen eggs produced are also presented in tabular form. These data are presently being statistically analyzed to determine the differences, if any, between the various treatments. It appears that hens receiving control rations containing 10, 20, and 30 percent dried poultry waste have respec- tively lower production and higher feed require- ments per dozen eggs. (White-IowaState) 0211 - E3 THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE ON PRODUCTION, FEED EFFICIENCY, BODY WEIGHT, EGG WEIGHT, SHELL THICKNESS AND HAUGH SCORE, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. J. Flegal. and H. C. Zindel. In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experimental Station, July 1970, p 31 - 33. 3 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Poultry, 'Dehydra- tion, 'Diets, Feeds, Eggs, Lipids, Efficiencies, Per- formance, Weight, Protein, Nitrogen. Identifiers: 'Production, 'Feed efficiency, Body weight, Egg weight, Shell thickness, Haugh score. Significant difference. In this egg production experiment, one replicate of 18 twenty-six-week-old Leghorn type pullets was placed on each of five different rations. The rations varied from 0% to 40% dehydrated poultry waste (DPW) plus fat. The production trial was con- ducted for 366 days with the birds in individual cages on a 15-hour-per-day light schedule. Protein- nitrogen supplied in each of the rations was calcu- lated to be equal. The highest percent egg produc- tion resulted in those birds which received 10% DPW in the ration. Although production varied from 61.62% to 53.16% production, there was no significant difference in hen housed production. Feed efficiency again was inversely proportional to the amount of DPW in a ration, with the best effi- ciency having 0% DPW in the ration. However, an addition of animal fat to the ration resulted in a slight improvement in feed efficiency. It is also in- teresting to note that those birds which received more than 10% DPW in their diet did not increase in body weight comparable to the control ration. The egg weight became smaller as the percent of DPW was increased in the diet. These differences were not significantly different. Although there were slight differences in shell thickness, again there were no significant differences due to the diet in any of these rations. All of the experimental ra- tions had a significantly higher Haugh score than the control diet. The Haugh scores ranged from 67.7 to 76.8. (White-Iowa State) 0212 - E3 THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO LAYING HENS ON THE TASTE OF THE RESULTING EGGS, Mkhigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. J. Flegal, H. C. Goan.and H. C. Zindel. In: Research Report 117, Farm Service, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 34- 38.2tab.9ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dehydra- tion, Diets, Eggs, Evaluation, Taste, Control. Identifiers: 'Dehydrated poultry waste. Taste test, Consumer Preference Panel. Poultry feces, from caged layers, were collected and dried. The resulting product was designated as dehydrated poultry waste (DPW). DPW was fed at dietary levels of 10, 20 and 30 percent to Single Comb White Leghorns in individual wire cages. A cage-type laying diet was used as a control. The diets were fed for four months before any eggs were collected for taste panel evaluation. Eggs from each treatment group were hard-cooked and prepared for a Consumer Preference Panel. The eggs were evaluated on the basis of taste difference and then ranked for preferred taste. The dietary levels of DPW fed had no significant (pA.05) effect on the taste of eggs. Panel members were unable to detect any consistent taste difference for the DPW and control eggs. Two thirds of the time, panel members liked the taste of the DPW eggs over the taste of the control eggs. In each ranking test, panel members preferred the control eggs over the DPW eggs. (White-Iowa State) 0213 - E3 ACCEPTABILITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF POULTRY AND DAIRY-WASTES BY SHEEP, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. J. W. Thomas. In: Research Report 117, Farm Science, MSU Agricultural Experiment Station, July 1970, p 42- 44. 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Sheep, •Cattle, Protein, Nitrogen. Animal metabolism, Digestion, Cellulose, Lignins, Fiber. Diets. Identifiers: Total digestible nutrients. Dry matter. Digestibility, Soybean meal. Nutritive value. Dried poultry and dairy wastes as about one third the total mixed ration were readily accepted by sheep. The complete ration was about 60% digesti- ble with a TON value of about 56. The digestibility of the poultry feces was more than that of the dairy feces. Protein of these wastes was less digestible than that of soybean meal but had a biological value equal to that of soybean meal for growing sheep. (White-lowaState) 0214 - F4 RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE TO SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION. Cornell Univ.. Ithaca. N.Y. Proceedings, Cornell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, January 19-21, 1970. Ithaca, 1970. 270 p. Descriptors: 'Soils, 'Farm wastes, "Fertilizers, Croundwater, Precipitation, Potassium, Poultry, Cattle, Hogs, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Phosphorus, Phosphates, Rates of application. Nutrients, Ef- fluent, Aquifer, Ammonia, Soil contamination, Water pollution. Water table, Oxidation lagoon, Ir- rigation, Aeration, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand. Odor, Biological .treat- ment, Costs, Denitrification, Nitrification, Sludge, Storage, Nutrient requirements, Florida, Nebraska, Surface runoff, Infiltration. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Oxidation ditch. Slotted floors, Aerator, Spreading, Land disposal. The 1970 Conference attempted to bring knowledgeable individuals from many disciplines together to discuss various aspects of the problem. It was designed to serve as a mechanism for trans- mitting new research findings to those interested in this area and to demonstrate that agriculture is aware of its potential contributions to environmen- ference played a useful role in providing communi- cation across disciplines. Thirty-two papers are published in the proceedings dealing with all areas of agricultural pollution. (White-lowaState) 0215 - B3. E2 MOVEMENTS OF NUTRIENTS FROM POULTRY MANURE IN SOIL. Ruto*r> Unlv«r>ity. J. E. St*ek*l. taUtionshlp of Hqrlcultur* Co Soil and H«t image: ------- Pollution; Proc«edingi, Cornell university Con- ference on Agricultural Haste Management, 1970, p. 30. Dticriptorit *Fvn wastes, 'poultry, soils, soil water, lysineteri, depth, precipitation, potas- sium,, calciun, oagne'siun, sodium, nitrate, chlo- rine, sulfates, phosphates, rates of application. Identifiers! *Plow-furrow-cover Poultry manure was Plow-Furrov-Cover (PFC) ap- plied at depths of 6 to 7 inches into Freehold -sandy low (20% clay in the B horizon} on June 6 1966. The application rates were 0, IS, 30 and 40 tons of water-free equivalent per acre. 'Soil water samples were taken with suction Iriimeters of depths of 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 inches. Chemical analysis of the water has included de- terminations of the contents of K, Ca, Mq, Na, NH4-K, NO3-M, NO2-N, cl, SO4 and 104. Analytical data was presented from samplings of October 4, 1969 (391 days and SO inches of rain after PFC). The October 14 sampling indicated Increased ele- ment concentrations were again increased, even at the 49-inch depth. Data were presented on the amount of elements dissolved in the soil water for each of the 5 depths' studied, and for the total in the 9 to 48-inch soil depth.(White-Iowa state) 0216 - A4, A9, C3 S52S?ro!!rATHl QUALITY AND VLVCTV\. ^ Lorimor.andT. M. McCalla. ' In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, Rochester. January 19-21. 1970, Ithaca. 1970. p 3 1 -40. 2 tab, 4 fig, 13 ref. * Descriptor* •Farm wastes, •Cattle, •Ground- water, 'Nitrate, Aquifer, Discharge. Aquifer characteristics, Effluent stream, Groundwater recharge, Transmissivity, Water level fluctuations, Ammonia, Nebraska, Soil contamination, Observa- tion wells, Water table, Infiltration. Identifiers: 'feedlot, Plat te River Valley. • The quality was investigated of the groundwater In the proximity of a level feedlot on a permeable soil with fluctuating, high water table. At the feedlot site, the aquifer consists of 30-35 feet of high qua4i- ty gravel having a coefficient of tra«smissibility in the range of 90.000-120,000 gallons per day per foot. Aquifer recharge occurs as a result of direct precipitation and interflow from the valley uplands. SU observation wells were installed in the vicinity of the feedlot as well as six water level measuring wells. Two recording wells, constructed of 4-inch diameter aluminum irrigation pipe, were jetted into the gravel aquifer. The water table depth at the feedlot varies with the season. Groundwater level changes reflect major rainstorms within hours after the event. The maximum groundwater elevation under the feedlot was approximately 2 feet below the soil surface. Soil cores were taken to determine the quantity of nitrate which could move into the water table. Low levels of nitrate were found below the first foot. Ammonia was present in only moderate amounts below 3 feet (A30ppm) and rapidly decreased in concentration with increased depth to the water table. Analysis of the core sam- ples indicated that downward movement of nitrates and other forms of nitrogen in the soil wa^ minor. The 12-15 inches of manure pack decreased the ac- tual penetration depth of rhc nitrogen into the profile. Some samples exhibited levels of nitrate that exceeded Public Health standards (lOppmj. This may have been due to the application of an- hydrous ammonia prior to the first irrigation. Generally, the nitrate analysis showed relatively low nitrate level in the profile. (White-Iowa State) 0217 - A3, A4, A9, E2 POLLUTION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE POULTRY UTTER (MANURE) AP- PLICATION IN ARKANSAS, Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Agronomy. Leslie H.Hileman. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural- Waste Management, Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p 41-47.9 tab, 1 fig, 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Poultry, Water pollu- tion, Soil contamination. Rates of application, Soil tests, Phosphorus, Potassium magnesium, Suits, Ions, Nitrates, Identifiers: •Poultry litter, Mono-valent ions. Di- valent ions, There is an estimated one million tons of poultry manure or manure plus litter produced from 390.. million chickens and turkeys grown in Arkansas an- nually. The waste manure-litter is being returned to the soil often at rates exceeding 10 tons per acre annually. The data presented indicates that soil pol- lution and related problems may occur. These problems can be considered As: (1) excess soluble salt, (2) chemical imbalance with particular reference to K and the mono-valent to di-valent ratio, (3) excessive nitrate production and occumu • lation to toxic levels in forage and farm water sup- plies, and (4) forages deficient in magnesium for adequate animal nutrition. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which these conditions are carried out in the soil medium so that effective measures can be taken to prevent soil and water pollution. (White-Iowa State) 0218 - A2, 04 REDUCING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES WITH IN-THE-BUILD- ING OXIDATION DITCHES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. D.LDay. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ' ference on Agricultural Waste Management, Roeltester, January 19-21, 1970. Ithaca, 1970, p 77-84. II fig..1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Oxidation lagoon. Ir- rigation, Aeration, Biochemical oxygen demand, Odor, Aerobic treatment. Labor, Rotors, Denitrifi- cation, Coagulation, Effluent. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Slotted floors, Aera- tor, Clarifier. A low-odor, low-labor, system of managing livestock wastes from animal to field is discussed. The system consists of (1) a confinement building for livestock, with self-cleaning, slotted floors; (2) an oxidation ditch beneath the slotted floors; (3) a nonoverflow of mixed liquor from the oxidation ditch, and (4) irrigating equipment for removing surplus liquids and solids from the lagoon and dis- tributing them on nearby land when convenient for the operator. This system greatly improves the quality of the waste water, but without further treatment the waste Water would probably not meet quality criteria for the receiving water. Thus the main advantages of the system are: low labor, low bdor, low stream-pollution potential, and operator convenience. (White-Iowa State) 0219 - B2, D4, Fl THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE ANIMAL M /vSTK DISPOSAL SCHEME, Resource Engineering Associates, Wilton. (, onn. R.W.Okey.andR.tfRickles. In: Relationship of Agriculture To Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, Rochester, January 19-21, I'J70, Ithaca, 1970, p 85-97. 11 tab, 4 fig, 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Biological treatment, Treatment facilities, Capital costs, Operating costs, Installation costs, Sludge, Cen- trifugation, Devitrification, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Incineration, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemi- cal oxygen demand. Identifiers: 'Feedlot, Population equivalent, Waste management, Clnrifer, Transport system. Based »n earlier work, a complete system for the capture, transport and treatment of the wastes from a /5,0'Ki animal lot was presented. System capital costs ure seen to be about $1.00 • $2.00/ton, and operating costs are around $3.00 - $4.00 per ton of wet waste. These costs result in a cost/lb gained of less than half a cent to about a cent. The costs for the least expensive system are an order of mag- nitude below feed costs. The installation costs are in the order of $15.00 to $40.00/animal or less than the capital cost as the least expensive confinement scheme. Economic feasibility is a combination of many things. One of the most important is the relevance of a particular item when all the costs are considered. The costs of waste treatment at feedlots would appear to represent roughly the same fraction of the total costs as seen in other in- dustries. (White-Iowa State) 0220 - B2, Fl THE ECONOMICS OF STORING, HANDLING AND SPREADING OF LIQUID HOG MANURE FOR CONFINED FEEDER HOG ENTERPRISES, M. F. McKenna, and J. H. Clark. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Man Demerit, Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca. 1970 p 98-110. 12 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Storage ' capacity. Chemical analysis, Fertilizers, Storage tanks, Value, Soil contamination, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nutrient requirements. Linear programming. Identifiers: 'Spreading, Seasonal application. Disposal costs. The main hypothesis made.at the outset of the stu- dy, that the economically optimal storage capacity would be affected by the density of hogs per acre and the crops under cultivation on the farm was supported. Of these two factors it was found that the ratio of hogs per acre was thr. more significant. For a spreading operation with the relatively high fixed costs associated with spreading, farms with smaller herd sizes were seen to encounter signifi- cantly higher spreading costs per hog than farms with larger herds. In some cases the extent of these costs will be sufficient to cancel out the positive value of the manure as a replacement for commer- cial fertilizer. It would therefore appear that signifi- cant savings might be realized if hog operators were to enter rental or custom arrangements for manure spreading. The overall conclusion reached in the study was that for Ontario conditions a land utiliza- tion program for the liquid manure supply does represent an economic means of handling the animal waste management problem, (White-Iowa State) 0221 - E3 LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY FARM WASTE, f lorida Univ., Gainesville. Dept of Agricultural En- gineering. A. R. Overman,C. C. Hortenstine, and J. M. Wing. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970 p 123-126. 3 fig, 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Dairy industry, 216 image: ------- Effluent, Nitrogen, Phosphates, Soil contamina- tion, Oroundwater, Water pollution, Florida, Sprin- kler irrigation, Rates of application. Nitrate, Oats, Waste disposal. Identifiers:' Dairy cattle, Land disposal. Wastes from 160 cows in a new milking barn at the University of Florida are collected in a 20,000-gal- lon holding tank and removed daily. An open im- peller pump is used to deliver effluent to sprinkler guns which apply 1/4, 1/2, and 1 inch per week. The plots were seeded to oats, with no mineral fer- tilizer added. Measurements were taken to deter- mine effectiveness of the oats in utilizing nutrients. Groundwater samples were extracted weekly at depths of 30,45, and 60 cm. for chemical analysis. Results are reported for nitrate and orthophosphate content. It is concluded that the soil plant system can be effective in renovation of waste water farm animal operations. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is greatly enhanced by plant growth. Nutrient removal was found adequate up to an application rate of 1 inch per week effluent with solids content of about O.I IS percent. It appears that a more intense application rate could be used. (White- Iowa State) 0222 - A4, C3 THE NITROGEN CYCLE OF A DAIRY FARM, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. C. R. Frink. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Watte Management, Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p 127-133.4fig, 1 tab, Href. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrogen cycle, Farm wattes, Nutrients, Fertilization, Foliar application, Corn, Silage, Efficiencies, Nitrate, Groundwater, Ureas. Identifiers: 'Nitrogen conversion, Yield. Foliar fer- tilization. Analyses of nutrient cycling on dairy farms in the Northeast have shown that significant quantities of nitrogen may be lost to groundwater. Calculations of the efficiency of nitrogen conversion on these farms revealed that losses to the environment in- creased dramatically as farm size decreased. Milk production was not affected by the increased nitrogen imported onto the farm while yields of com silage increased only slightly. Thus, the total nitrogen imported onto the smaller farms could ap- parently be reduced without seriously reducing productivity. In addition, losses to the environment during cycling of the required amounts of nitrogen can be reduced by foliar applications to the grow- ing crop, selection of varieties with high yield and nitrogen content, increased plant populations, and more extensive use of cover crops. (White-Iowa State) 0223 - Bl, C3, E2 NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND PLANT GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY APPLYING LARGE AMOUNTS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTES TO SOIL, Southwestern Great Plains Research Center, Bushland, Tex, A, C. Mathers, and B. A. Stewart. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p 207-214.8 fig, 2 tab, 3 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Nitrification, Denitrification, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Car- bon dioxide, Greenhouses, Laboratories, Carbon, Rates of application, Incubation, Phosphorus, Potassium. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Nitrogen transformations, Pullman silty clay loam. Yield. The objectives of these studies were: (1) to deter- mine the decomposition rates and nitrogen trans- formations of animal wastes when applied to soil at various rates; and (2) to study the effects on plant growth of applying large amounts of animal wastes to soil. Studies were carried out with 0, 1, 2.5, 3, 10, and 20% rates of cattle feedlot waste added to Pullman silty clay loam in both laboratory and greenhouse tests. Three conclusions were reached: (1) When feedlot waste was mixed with soil, evolu- tion of C and transformation of N were rapid. In 90 days, about 50% of the C was evolved as C02 and an equivalent amount of N was recovered as NH3 evolved, or as NH4.. and NO3- in the soil. (2) Nitrification was influenced by application rate of manure and moisture content of the soil during in- cubation. (3) In a greenhouse study, one unit of N from ammonium nitrate was equivalent to 2.4 units of N supplied in feedlot waste. (White-Iowa State) 0224 - A2 HYDROLOGIC STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF FEEDLOTS IN EASTERN NEBRASKA, Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebr. Norris P. Swanson, Lloyd N. Mielke, and Jeffery C. Lorimor. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, Rochester, January 19-21. 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p 226-232.15 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Runoff, Overland flow, Surface runoff. Infiltration, Water pollution, Erosion, Evaporation, Discharge, Set- tling basins, Precipitation, Slopes, Storage, Time, Nebraska. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Mulch, Water stage recorder, Manure pack, Intensity. Four questions are discussed which arise as a result of large numbers of cattle contained in feedlots in eastern Nebraska. There were two primary objec- tives of the research. First, the annual water balance of the feedlots was to be defined. The second objective was to characterize the water leaving the feedlots in overland flow or by percola- tion through the profile. The data collected provide only rough comparison, but should serve to put the probable runoff, erosion, and infiltration, or reten- tion of water on a feedlot into perspective with the better known hydrologic characteristics of cropped tand. In eastern Nebraska, this can be summarized as follows: (I) Infiltration on an established beef feedlot appears to be restricted to water storage in the manure pack, with very limited water move- ment through the profile; (2) the runoff from a feedlot, and hence the pollution potential, is a func- tion of the area of the lot; (3) annual runoff from a beef feedlot may be two or three times that of ad- jacent cropland, and (4) despite increased runoff in comparison adjacent cropland, the protective mulch of the manure pack keeps erosion losses below those of the cropland. (White-Iowa State) 0225 - A3, Fl LEGAL RESTRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION, Virginia Polytechnic Inst, Blacksburg. Water Resources Research Center. William R. Walker. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste " - • - - - -1,1970. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, •Farm wastes. Water Quality Act. Legislation, Discharge, Petti- odes. Riparian rights, Odors, Zoning. Identifiers: * Agricultural pollution. »Common Uw, State regulations. Federal regulations. Equity. Trespass, Liability, Nuisance. Negligence, Strict The basis is discussed for recovery under common law for agricultural pollution. These include ac- tions for trespass, nuisance, negligence, and strict liability. However, agricultural pollution is not like- ly to be effectively controlled with private litiga- tion. The federal government has the necessary legislation to play a leading role in agricultural water pollution abatement and ft is designed to en- courage the states to take a more aggressive role. Public awareness of the seriousness of the pollution problem in general is ever increasing. State laws banning the use of DDT, and HEW decisions to phase out the use of some of the persistent pesti- cides would indicate that public pressure for action in the field of agricultural pollution will be increas- ing. Thus there would seem to be little doubt that if agricultural pollution is to I (White-Iowa State) 0226 - A3, C3 A BALANCE SHEET METHOD OF DETERMIN- ING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICUL- TURAL WASTES TO SURFACE WATER POL- LUTION, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. David A. Schultz. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, Rochester, January 19-21, 1970, Ithaca, 1970, p 25 1-262. 8 tab, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Farm wastes, •Nutrients, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Fer- tilizers, Water pollution. Sediments, Pesticides, Re- gions, Basins, Time. Identifiers: 'Balance Sheet Method, Nutrient losses, Biologic inputs. To the extent that the data are accurate, the paper presents a Balance Sheet Method that will show ex- plicitly the quantity of nutrients contributed by agricultural activities to a stream. From this, one can determine the relative importance of agricul- tural pollution given knowledge of the total amount of nutrient pollution. Combining this information with that available on water quality and contribu- tions from other sources, a waste management as- sociation will be able to more accurately determine the share that the agricultural industry will have to pay of the total cost of a program to maintain an abundant quantity of good quality water for all uses. Using this general method as well as modify- ing and improving the procedure will aid- society's efforts toward effective water pollution control for all rivers and lakes in the United States. (White-Iowa State) 0227 - C2, E2 RATES OF WATER INFILTRATION RESULT- ING FROM APPLICATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agronomy. P. J. Zwerman, A. B. Drielsma, G. D. Jones, S. D. Klausner, and D. Ellis. In: Relationship of Agriculture to Soil and Water Pollution; Proceedings, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, I< I97°- Ithaca- 197°- p Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Cattle, 'Infiltration, Time, Corn. Alfalfa, Wheat, Rotations, Rainfall simulators. Rates of application, Fertilizers, Sur- 217 image: ------- face runoff, Rainfall. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, Intensity, Plots, Mass in- filtration. Sixty randomly selected plot locations were subject to infiltration tests with a rainfall simulator. Three successive tests of one half hour each were applied to the same plot. These results represent the effects of fourteen years of past management on seed beds prepared for corn. The rainfall rate was two and one half inches per hour. A two-by-two factorial and a two-by-four factorial experimental design were utilized. The two-by-two comparisons in- volved six tons of dairy manure plowed down ver- sus no manure on continuous corn for grain at two rates of mineral fertilization. Manure increased in- filtration by 27 percent, heavy mineral fertilization without manure on the last run resulted in a 60 per- cent decrease in infiltration as compared to manure with moderate mineral fertilization. The two-by- four factorial study again involved six tons of manure plowed down versus no manure on four rotations: (1) continuous corn for grain, (2) corn- oats-alfalfa-alfalfa, (3) corn-corn-oats-alfalfa-alfal- fa, and (4) wheat-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa. Manure did not significantly increase rates of infil- tration. All rates of fertilization were very moderate. Only rotation No. 4 gave a significant 16 percent increase in rate of infiltration. (White-Iowa State) 0228 - A5, F3 RAISING LIVESTOCK IN THE URBAN FRINGE, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J. Ronala Miner. Agricultural Engineering, Vol 51, No 12, p 702- 703, December 1970. Descriptors: 'Odor, 'Pollution abatement, Farm wastes, Pollutants, Legal aspects. Livestock, Planning management. Identifiers: Urban-fringe. More people in this country demand more and better-quality livestock production. However, the population is extremely sensitive to water and air quality. The livestock producer should recognize that there will soon be no livestock production area where environmental pollution is acceptable. All livestock production enterprises must be planned as though they will operate in the urban fringe. Livestock production units can and do cause pollu- tion of the air and waterways if improperly managed. The most frequent complaint leveled at urban-fringe livestock production is that of odors. Through proper design and management the livestock operations may be made acceptable to the public. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0229 - F4 THE FARM ROLE IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT, Soil Conservation Service, Beltsville, Md. HollisR. Williams. Water and Sewage Works, Vol 115, October 1968, p 463-464. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sediments, 'Fertil- izers, Insecticides, Herbicides, Water pollution, Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, Channels, Cattle, Poultry, Pollution abatement. Identifiers: Soil Conservation Service. This article is based on information contained in an address by Williams to the Federal Water Quality Association. It is stated that three things find their way from farm lands into waterways to form maior pollution problems. These are sediment, agricul- tural chemicals, and animal wastes. Sediment is the most significant of the three. Sediment also adsorbs phosphate and pesticides and carries them in streams. The major source of sediment it farmland, however, housing developments, new roads and other construction produces extremely large quan- tities of sediment. Four areas are mentioned which need continuing attention to control the erosion problem. The increased use of fertilizer it pointed out along its pollution capabilities, Reward) ii Cur- rently being done to study the behavior of rertil- • izers, insecticides and herbicides on soils, water and plants. The problem of animal waste is also discussed. Four tools are pointed out a* being necessary to achieve the goal of clean rivers ana streams and successful control of pollution on far- mlands as well as urban areas. (White-Iowa State) 0230 - Al, Bl, Dl, F4 CATTLE WASTES - POLLUTION AND POTEN- TIAL TREATMENT, Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dcpt. of Civil Engineer- ing; and Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Environmental Health Engineering Lab. Raymond C. Loehr, and Robert W. Agnew. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol 93, No SA4, p 55-72, August 1967. 2 fig, 9 tab, 29 rcf. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Water pollu- tion sources, Rivers, Fishkill, Moisture content, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygCn de- mand. Nitrogen, Anaerobic digestion, Oxygen de- mand. Lagoons, Hydrogen ion concentration, Ef- fluent, Aeration, Sludge, Runoff, Waste water Identifiers: 'Feedlots, Cattle production. Pollution potential, Loading rages, Profit potential. Waste characteristics, Total solids, Population equivalent. Digesters, Anaerobic lagoons. • The problem of cattle feedlot waste treatment and the results illustrated in this paper can be sum- marized as follows: The diversified family farm is giving way to specialized large-scale factory-type operations such as beef cattle feedlots. Farm enter- prises which formerly were dispersed over large remote land areas are now concentrated m small areas, frequently near communities, and intensify problems of waste disposal. Runoff from feedlots is a significant problem and treatment systems must be able to handle slug loads and flows without caus- ing stream pollution. The profit potential and the amount of concern of the feedlot operator for adequate waste treatment will dictate the type of system that will be practical and economical. The quantity and the undesirable qualities of the wastes from a beef feedlot are such that a combination treatment system may be the most successful. A combined anaerobic-aerobic lagoon «ystem has sig- nificant potential. The effluent from an anaerobic lagoon is potent and must receive further treatment before discharge to a receiving stream. Even after adequate removal of organics, the effluent may pose a problem because of its color and its fertiliza- tion capacity. (White-Iowa State) 0231 - C5 THE INFLUENCE OF FEED ADDITIVES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR SWINE WASTES, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering. John David Ariail. Master of Science Thesis, 1970. 72 p, 12fig,44ref. OWRR Project A-048-NC (1). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Lagoons, •Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Water properties, Copper, Zinc, Wastes, Lagoons, Manure, Waste water treatment, Waste identification. Identifiers: 'Swine wastes, Swine fecen, Chlorotetracycline, Fecal streptococcus. The influence of feed antibiotic, chlorotctra- cycline, copper and zinc concentrations and sam- ple dilution upon the standard 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) analysis was investigated with swine feces, lagoon influent and lagoon ef- fluent. The swine-growing center utilized for sam- ple collection included a confinement facility with concrete floors that were washed daily and an unaerated overflow lagoon. The data indicated the meun COD/TS ratio for fresh »wine feces to be 1.08 grams per gram, the BOD5/TS ratio to have u mean of 0.33 grams per gram, and the VS/TS ratio ID have a mean of 0.82. Thin study indicated that fora 100 Ib. hog. the daily COD in the waste was 0.64 pounds; BOD 0.31 pounds; total solids 0.48 pound* and volatile solids 0.33 pound*. The membrane filter technique outlined in Standard Methods for the determination of the fecul streptococcus con- tent of swine wastes was superior to the membrane filter technique utilizing KF broth. (Miner-Iowa State) 0232 - A2. G3, C5, E3 CONTROL OP WATER POLLUTION FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources Research Center. D. M. Wells, W. Grub, R. C. Algin, G. F. Meenaghan.and E.Coleman. Proceedings, Sth International Water Pollution Research Conference, July-August 1970, Paper II- 38. 19 p, 20 tab. FWPCA Demr. Grant 1)040, Texas Water Quality Board Contr. IAC (68-69). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Manure, •Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nutrients, •Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion, Irriga- tion, Waste water treatment. Identifier*: 'Feedlot runoff, Plant toxicity. The objective! were to determine the charac- teristics of solid and liquid wastes resulting from cattle feedlot operations in the southwest U.S., to determine the treatability of these wastes by aero- bic and anaerobic treatment systems and to deter- mine whether or not the wastes produced could be used in a beneficial manner for the growing of cash crops. The feedloti studied Included concrete-sur- faced lots, dirt-surfaced loti, and controlled en- vironmental chambers located on the Texas Tech University campus. Among their conclusions were that within reasonable limits, quality of runoff wai not materially affected by type of ration fed or quantity of precipitation, Treatment of runoff resulting from precipitation on beef cattle feedlots is not feasible by conventional treatment systems. Direct application of runoff from concrete-sur- faced lots was highly detrimental to the crops they letted. Direct application of runoff from dirt lots had an inhibitory effect on most crops tested ex- cept Midland Bermuda grass. Storage of runoff In unlined ponds may result in substantial pollution of the groundwatcr in the vicinity. They concluded that liquid systems for handling cattle feedlot wastes were not feasible. (Miner-Iowa State) 0233 - A2, A4, Cl, D4, E2 EFFLUENT QUALITY FROM ANAEROBIC LAGOONS TREATING FEEDLOT WASTES, Kanios Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. Raymond C. Loehr. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 39, No 3, March 1967, p 384-391. 6 tab, 12 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Lagoons, Kansas, Biochemical oxygen demand, Odor, Dusts, Groundwater, Surface waters. Water pollution, Volume, Value, Soil environment. Temperature, Biodcgradation, Anaerobic conditions. Mixing, Depth, Stabilization, Organic matter, Color, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Coliforms, Alkalinity, Hydrogen ion concentration. Equilibrium, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Anaerobic lagoons. Popu- lation equivalent. Slug load, Lagoon operation. Biological system, Surface area/volume ratio. Loading parameters. Volatile solids, Detention times. 218 image: ------- Even under ideal equilibrium conditioni, the liquid effluent from anaerobic lagoons treating livestock and feedlot wastei could pollute a receiving body of water. The quality of the effluent is decreased during the startup operations. The effluent is high in oxygen-demanding material, solids, and nitrogen. Subsequent treatment units are advisable to remove the solids and most of the oxygen-de- manding material. Seasonal temperature variations will alter the effluent quality. The settled solids that need to be removed periodically from the anaero- bic lagoon undergo considerable degradation, sta- bilization, and concentration. They are less potent than the entering untreated solids. However, their quality is such that they should not enter receiving waters. Land dispoial offers an acceptable method of disposal for these solids. Anaerobic lagoons are not the complete answer to avoiding the pollution of natural waters by livestock and feedlot wastes. When used in combination with subsequent units to treat the effluent from the lagoons, anaerobic lagoons may be useful component process for livestock and feedlot wastes that have a high solids content. (White-IowaState) 0234 - F4 FARM WASTES. Proceedings of Symposium, Farm Wastes, The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1970. 148 p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Disposal, Legislation, Slurries, Composting, Disease, Legal aspects, Hazards, Toxicity, Public health, Odors, Costs, Design criteria, Treatment, Adsorption, Reverse osmosis, Confinement pens, Hogs, Equipment, Microorganisms, Farm lagoons, Irrigation, Aera- tion, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de- mand. Biological treatment. Identifiers: Health, Public nuisance, Population equivalents. Swine, Slatted floors, Oxidation ditch, Flushing gutter, Systems, Oas production, United Kingdom. The two day symposium was attended by over 200 delegates including representatives from local authorities, river authorities, universities, agricul- tural colleges and research stations, nationalized industries and consultants. The various Ministries were well represented, with over 60 delegates. Those attending included delegates from Canada, Denmark, Eire, Holland and the United States. Nineteen technical papers were presented. A discussion of each paper is included. Four sessions were conducted: An introductory session, 4 papers; Problems off the farm, 3 papers; Minimizing the waste problem, 7 papers; and Waste treatment and disposal on the farm, 5 papers. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0235 - F4 ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES, National Agricultural Advisory Service, London (England). K. B. C. Jones, and C. T. Rilcy. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tync, Paper No I, p 7-14, 1970. Stab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Rain water, Costs, Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Planning, Legislation, Legal aspects, Economics, 'Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'United Kingdom, Washing-down water. Nature of waste, Population equivalents, Origins of waste. Waste disposal is discussed in relation to popula- tion expansion, diminishing acres, declining num- bers of agriculture workers, economic pressures, limited natural water resources, and legal pres- sures. The origin and nature of the wastes that must be disposed of is discussed. The trends in planning and disposal patterns taking place were considered. The costs associated with disposal were examined in relation to the income produced. Food processing waste has created some disposal problems for farmers. The disposal problems created by fruit and meat processing are discussed in the last portion of the paper. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0236 - F3 ORIGINS AND NATURE OF FARM WASTES: DISCUSSION, Cowan, Douglas. Douglas Gowan. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 2, p 15-18, 1970. 1 tab. Descriptors: Farm wastes, Disposal, Legislation, Discharge (Water), Sewers. Identifiers: River authorities, Extensive farmer, In- tensive farmer. United Kingdom, Public sewers. Disposal of farm waste has become a major problem. A wholehearted effort is needed to deal with the problem, involving men, laboratories, and money. Also the farmers themselves must lend practical assistance. The law is there, and social and economic pressures are unlikely to ease. Nor is farming going to become less intensive, when this is the only way to profit, and the increasing public de- mand for food exists. All must combine to make nun: that our inherent desire for increased water resources and pleasant-looking and smelling countryside facilities are one day realized. (ChriHtenbury-lowa State) 0237 - E2 THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MAINTAINING SOIL FERTILITY, National Agricultural Advisory Service, Bristol (England). Soil Science Dept. C. Berryman. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 3, p 19-23, 1970. 4 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Disposal, 'Slurries, 'Fertility, Farm wastes. Anaerobic conditions, Nutrients, Irrigation, Value, Fertilizers, Wastedisposal. Identifiers: 'Animal slurry, 'Composition, Organic irrigation. This paper reviews the effect of farm waste, par- ticularly in the form of animal slurry, on soil fertili- ty. Slurry can supply an important part of the NPK requirements on the farm. The application of slurry to land is the most convenient and practical method of disposal, but problems due to a break- down of soil structure can occur if an unsuitable noil receives excessive applications of slurry. The HOI! type is important when assessing the effect slur- ry disposal will have on the fertility of soil, (Christenbury-lowa State) 0238 - A9 THE PROBLEM ON THE FARM: ANIMAL HEALTH. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Nor- wich (England). Veterinary Investigation Service. J. A. J.Venn. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 4, p 24-29, Descriptors: 'Toxicity, 'Hazards, 'Diseases, Farm wastes, Copper, Nitrogen, Potash, Lagoons, Slur- ries, Animal diseases. Bacteria, Viruses Pathogenic bacteria. ' Identifiers: United Kingdom, Toxic gases. Toxic chemicals. Parasites, Contamination, Health. Health hazards associated with farm wastes have attained prominence with the development of in- tensive systems of husbandry. Whilst certain of the problems are unique to intensive systems, most of them are not new. This paper is an attempt to in- dicate some of them. An account ii given of certain hazards to animal health arising from farm wastes, notably slurry and toxic chemicals. Possible ways of limiting these hazards are suggested. A discussion of the paper follows. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0239 - A9, A10 FARM WASTES: PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCE PROBLEMS OFF THE FARM, Chelmsford Rural District (Essex). Chief Health Inspector. T. H. C. Bartrop. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 5, p 33-37, 1970. 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Public health, 'Legislation, Farm wastes. Odors, Diseases, Bacteria. Identifiers: 'Publicnuisance, Noise, Rats, Flies. All nuisances and public health problems are preventable. To achieve this it is necessary to cou- ple good siting and good design with good animal husbandry. Failure to do this voluntarily must in- evitably lead to stricter planning control and the strengthening of public health law, for the develop- ment of intensive farming has outstripped con- trolling legislation. Agriculture, as an industry, claims certain privileges, but it cannot claim the privilege of causing a nuisance or a public health problem. (Christenbury- iowa State) 0240 - A3, F2 WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIRE- MENTS IN RELATION TO FARM-WASTE DISPOSAL, Thames Conservancy (England). Chief Purifica- tion Officer. H. Finn, Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne, Paper No 6, p 38-43, 1970. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legal aspects, Biochemical oxygen demand, Water pollution sources. Water quality control, Runoff, River regu- lation, Riparian waters, Groundwatcr, Legislation, •Disposal. Identifiers: 'United Kingdom, River authority, Common Law. This article is concerned with the legal aspects of pollution and how they apply to agriculture. The ways in which farm waste can pollute water sup- plies and means of limiting the pollution effects are discuiucd. Large units located in close proximity to urban areas present the most difficult problems. Through cooperation between farmers and the river authority, the pollution effects of farm waste can be held at a minimum. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0241 - Fl SEWERS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT, Chartered Civil Engineers, London (England); Ncwcastle-upon-Tync Univ. (England). James R. Simpson, and R. L. Hibbcrd. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univcr- Kity of Newcastle upon Tync, Paper No 7, p 44-51 1970. 2 fig, 2 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Costs, 'Design criteria, 'Sewage treatment. Farm wastes, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Legislation, Dissolved solids, Tertiary treat- 219 image: ------- mcnl, Sewers, Activated sludge, Capital cost. Identifier!: River authority. Loading rate:, Mogden formula. United Kingdom, Population equivalents. Suspended solids. The purpose of this paper is to aquaint those un- familiar with sewerage and sewage treatment with the general naturr: of the systems and processes. References to more detailed descriptions of the processes are included. Further, an attempt is made to answer the questions, 'Why and to what extent would u discharge with given characteristics affect the design of the sewers and the sewage-treatment works, and at what cost.' A formula for allocating waste treatment cost to agriculture is discussed. A discussion of the paper is included. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0242 - F5 MINIMIZING THE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN VEGETABLE PROCESSING, Electricity Council Research Center, Capenhurst (England). F. Barrett. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 8 D 57-65. 7 fig, 4 tab. Descriptors: 'Apparatus, 'Adsorption, "Reverse osmosis. Farm wastes. Desalination, Chemical ox- ygen demand, Recirculatcd water. Aeration, Flota- tion, Chlorination, Ultraviolet radiation, Biochemi- cal oxygen demand, Equipment, Ozone, Biological treatment. Sludge disposal, Treatment. Identifiers: 'Food processing. Sterilization, Ozona- tion, United Kingdom, Vegetable processing. This paper discusses possible mentods of treating waste from vegetable processing plants. The results obtained from a coagulation/flocculation unit have been encouraging. An aeration lower complex has been utilized for biological treatment. A pilot-scale adsorption unit and a reverse osmosis unit have been designed, built, and evaluated. A discussion and the reply to the discussion follows on page 106- 109. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0243 - Bl, El, Fl MINIMIZING POULTRY WASTE PROBLEMS, National Agricultural Advisory Service, London (England). C.T.Riley. Proceedings of Symposium:'Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 9, p 66-72.3 fig, 5 tab, I ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Disposal, Costs, Biochemical oxygen demand, Odor. Land use, Sludge, Chemical properties, Physical proper- tics, Fertilizers. Identifiers: Composition, Hatchery waste. Broilers, United Kingdom. This paper is divided into two parts; first an assess- ment of the industry and second an approach to some current problems. Manure from cage layers represents the major disposal problem in the poultry industry today. The physical and chemical properties of waste is given. In the main, poultry waste has to be returned to the land in some form. The disposal of manure from laying batteries is discussed in relation to minimizing the poultry- waste problems. Whether to handle the manure as a solid or liquid is examined. A discussion and reply to the discussion follows on page 106-109. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0244 - Bl MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH PIGS, National Agricultural Advisory Service, London (England). C.G. Pointer. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 10, p 73-80. 7 fig. Descriptors: 'Confinement pens, 'Design stan- dards, 'Hogs. Farm wastes. Slurries, Odor, Clean- ing. Identifiers: 'Swine, Slatted-floor, Slurry systems, Sow feeders, Fattening house, Farrowing, United Kingdom, Manure handling, 'Ad-lib' feeding. The first step towards minimizing the problems will be in the choice of site for the new pig unit. The larger the unit the more critical this decision will be. Subsequently the management and housing systems selected must be suited to the site. Systems have been described in this paper which minimize the problems. In existing problem units common sense and discretion can often avoid acute situa- tions developing. It is hoped that economic solu- tions for these units will be evolved. In any event, there is always likely to be some smell from a pig- gery. A discussion and the reply to the discussion follows on page 106-109. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0245 - F4 MINIMIZING THE WASTE PROBLEM WITH CATTLE, Newcastle-upon-Tync Univ. (England). M. M. Cooper. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Polution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 11, p Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurries, 'Disposal, Cattle, Costs, Confinement pens. Identifiers: 'Cubicle system, Cowtels, United King- dom. This paper discusses some of the changes talcing place in the cattle industry and the requirements for waste disposal. Many cattle producers require confinement areas for cattle for at least part of the year. Some of the systems being utilized for waste disposal are discussed. A discussion and the reply to the discussion follows on page 106-109. (Christenbury-lowa State) Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- 0247 - Bl, El. Fl BUILDING DESIGN AND MANURE DISPOSAL, Institutt voor Landbouwbedrijfsgebouwen, Wageningen (Netherlands). J.C.GIerum, A. P. S. De Jong, and H. R. Poelma. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 13, p 94-100. 3 fig, 3 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Costscom- parison, Cattle, Storage tanks, Slurries, Storage capacity. Design criteria. Identifiers: Mucking-out, Mixed storage, Separate storage. Animal housing. Cubicle house. In general, slurry systems are preferable to systems for handling solids and urine separately. Special reasons, for example difficulty in disposing of the manure, can cause separate storage to be used. If mixed storage is used the layout of the buildings must be adapted to the specific requirements of this system. Altering the buildings afterwards will usually be very expensive. The high capital cost of the slurry system will often be a drawback; this is especially the case for cowhouses where a con- siderable storage capacity is required. A discussion and the reply to the discussion follows on page 106- 109. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0248 - D4, E3 PIGGERY CLEANING USING RENOVATED WASTES, . J. Smith, T. E. Hazen, and J. R. Miner. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 14, p 101-105. I fig, 1 3 ref. Grant EC 00283. Descriptors: 'Disposal, 'Equipment, 'Oxidation lagoons, Farm wastes, Design criteria, Confine- ment pens, Management, Recirculated water. Anaerobic conditions, Slurries, Sludge, Microor- ganisms. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Flushing gutter, Manure removal. A full-scale study of the possibility of renovating swine manure for use in manure transport was car- ried out. Preliminary anaerobic treatment and set- tling took place in a lagoon followed by secondary treatment in an oxidation ditch. Measurements of COD, BOD, nitrogen, solids and certain inorganic salts were made during the period February to May 1969. Assessment of the results showed that the system had considerable promise from the stand- point of confinement house environmental im- provement and labour reduction. A stable and sani- tary effluent was obtained at all times which showed no adverse effects upon the performance of the animals exposed to it. Rainfall precluded useful information being obtained concerning salt build- up or toxicity in the treatment system. No toxicity effects were apparent after continuous operation for 20 weeks. The test wds terminated because of mechanical failures. A discussion and the reply to the discussion follows the paper on page 106-109. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0249 - Bl, E2 LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM WASTES. 1. PLANNING AND CHOICE OF SYSTEM, National Agricultural Advisory Service, London (England). County Dairy Husbandry Adviser. A. J. Quick. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 15, p 110-115. I tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Effects, Slurries, Planning, Management, Dry farming. Storage, Equipment. Identifiers: 'Systems, 'Comparison, Wash water, Wet farms. This paper deals with the immediate problems fac- ing the dairy farmer who findi himself in the economic squeeze, with the inevitable result that he will intensify his dairy enterprise. At the mo- ment there in no universal solution to his problems, but they can be tackled, first by identifying the fac- tors which will influence the choice of system (by factors arc meant soil type, system of cow-housing, and unit size) and second, by selecting the most suitable system from the available alternatives. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0250 - B2, B3, E2 LAND DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF FARM WASTES. 2. HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION, National Agricultural Advisory Service, London (England). National Livestock Mechanization Spe- cialist. J. I. Payne. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tyne. 1970. Paper No 16, p 116-121. I fig, 2 tab, I ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Mechanical equip- ment, 'Distribution, Slurries, Disposal, Treatment, Storage, Costs, Cattle, Irrigation. Identifiers:'•Handling. Removal. Solid manure. Or- ganic irrigation. 220 image: ------- The mechanization aspect of applying farm effluent to the bind is governed by the physical state of the effluent, the stock housing system and the type of farm on which the stock enterprise is situated. Con- sequently three basic systems of handling manure onto the land have evolved. These are handling it as a solid manure, as a dense slurry, and as a diluted slurry This paper discusses the equipment required for each of the handling systems. In general, if the manure can be kept solid the problems will be fewer. (Christcnhury-lowa State) 0251 - Cl, D4 AEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES, North of Scotland Coll. of Agriculture, Aberdeen. Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit. . K. Robinson, S. H. Baxter, and J. R. Saxon. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water' Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tync. 1970. Paper No. 17, p. 122-131. 1 tab, 9 fig, 26 ref. Descriptors: * Aeration, * Mechanical equipment, •Aerobic treatment. Farm wastes. Odor, Slurries, Ventilation, Farm lagoons. Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Hogs, Chemical oxygen demand, Microor- ganisms, Dissolved oxygen. Laboratory tests, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Oxidation ditch, Aeration lagoon. This paper is divided into two main sections - a review of existing commercially available methods of aerobic waste disposal and an outline of the pro- ject in Aberdeen for the study of pig-waste treat- ment. The review is limited to a description of aero- bic methods and nu specific attempt has been made to compare the relative merits of these systems, since a critical examination of some of them is one of the aims of our project. The characteristics of pig waste, its oxygen demands, and the influences of copper on bacterial activity are discussed. The factors influencing the growth and metabolic ac- tivity of micro-organisms are outlined and the problems of satisfactory methods of laboratory determinations are emphasized. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0252 - D4, E4 ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES West "f Scotland Agricultural Coll., Glasgow. Dept. of Bacteriology. Selwyn Baincs. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tync. 1970. Paper No. 18, p '| 32-137. I tab, 20rcf. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion, Anaerobic conditions, Anaerobic bacteria, Microorganisms, Sludge, Slurries, Mixing, Hydrogen ion concentration, Biochemical oxygen demand, Digestion. Design data. Methane, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Commercial applications, Gas produc* This paper describes the effects of anaerobic treat- ment and its application to farm wastes. A satisfac- tory methane fermentation can be established and maintained. The digested sludge is relatively inert, free from nuisance and more amendable to de- watering. The anaerobic digestion process also reduces the risk of pathogenic organisms causing human or animal diseases. The design and opera- tion of an anaerobic treatment process is described. Several reports from commercial installations are included. (Christenbury- |OWa State) 0253 - D4, Fl TREATMENT OF FARM WASTES, Instituut voor Landbouwbedrijfsgcbouwen, Wageningen( Netherlands). H. M. J. Scheltinga, and H. R. Poelma. Proceedings of Symposium: Farm Wastes: The In- stitute of Water Pollution Control and The Univer- sity of Newcastle upon Tync. 1970. Paper No 19, p 138-142. 3 tab, 3 fig, Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Biological treatment, •Aerobic treatment, Farm lagoon, Activated sludge. Aeration, Slurries, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Sludge, €ost comparison, Waste water treat- ment. , Identifiers: Oxidation ditch, Pasveer ditch. This paper is related to biological treatment of farm animal waste. Aerobic treatment is described. A schematic of an oxidation ditch and an aeration pit is included. The economic aspect of the oxidation ditch versus the aeration pit is presented. A discus- sion of the paper is Included. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0254 - D4, E3 AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTE, Texas Tech Univ.. Luobock. W. Grub, 1. D. Martin, and L. L. Keeton. Paper presented at the 1970 Winter meeting Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, December 8- 1 1 , 1 970, Paper No 7t>909. 6 p. Descriptors: *Anaeroblc digestion, 'Biological treatment, Farm wastes, Moisture content, Aerobic conditions. Oxygen requirements. Stabilization. Nitrogen. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Composting, 'Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), H Solid Waste that had accumulated on Southwestern beef cattte fcedlots was aerobkally stabilized under controlled conditions in enclosed digesters and in open air piles. Conditions for stabilization were determined and changes of physical, chemical and biological characteristics Were established. The or- ganic stabilization of beef feedlot waste by com- posting is a feasible process. Organic beef feedlot waste is compostable in specially designed digesters or in exposed open Air piles, to a biologically stable organic product, free from noxious odors and inset infestation. Stabilized waste can De-stored in a wet or dry state-without danger of heating, attracting Insects, w canting noxWus odors. The time of sta- bilization depends on the type o'f original feed material, the condition1 of the waste at the start of the composting period, and the management of the composting process. CornpOstlng requires skilled management ,10 obtain satisfactory results (Chrlstenmiry-lpwa State ) 0255 - A2j 83 •' gram OIF ^f^E Dt*TH ON KVNOtt FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. L. L. Keeton, W. Grub, D.M. Wells, G.F, Meenaghan, and R. C; Albin. Paper nresented at the 1970 winter meeting Amer- tean Society Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, December g-1 1, WO, Paper No70-9 10. 7 p, 2 tab, Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, •Rainfall-runoff relationships, Farm wastes, Pollutants, Moisture content, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand, Waste water treatment. Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Feedlot runoff, Feedlot slope. Water holding capacity. With the increasing number of beef cattle in feedlots M the Southwestern United States has come a major water pollution problem. The effects of manure accumulation on quantity and quality of runoff from concrete and direct surfaced feedlots for various precipitation rates were determined. A ' ? Sy, ^ PTF, pack hold« approximately one-half Inch of rainfall per inch of manure depth If runoff from a relatively dry mass occurs, large quantities of suspended and dissolved pollutants are carried off. Manure at 60 percent moisture minimizes the pollutants removed during feedlot runoff. The quality of feedlot runoff is primarily a function of the moisture content of the manure, the rainfall intensity, and the feedlot slope. (Christen- bury-lowa State) 0256 - El, Fl USE ANIMAL MANURE EFFECTIVELY, Ari/ona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson. J. L. Abbott. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin A-55, The University of Ari/ona. 3 tab, I fig, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, • Fertilizers, 'Rates of application, 'Return (Monetary), 'Beneficial use, Livestock, Arizona, Feedlots, Disposal, Costs, Salts, Nitrogen,Organic matter, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Manure, Composting. This publication discusses some important con- siderations that should be taken into account con- cerning the use of animal manure as a fertilizer. A possible $90-per-acre return for a $20-per-acre in- vestment is being overlooked by many Arizona far- mers. The cost of applying manure is in the order of $2 to $ 14 per ton up to a 40 mile haul. The fertil- izer value of manure is at least $2 per tone for available N and P. The value of organic matter must account for the balance in cost. The greatest value of manure may result from the indirect e' fects of the organic matter contribution on the physical condition of the soil and in maintaining the availability of certain soil nutrients. The soluble salts in manure commonly range from 5 to 10 per- cent on a dry basis. Recommendations for manure are seldom more than 5 tons per acre annually. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0257 - C5 ' DRINKING 0V SUI.FATfc-WATER BY CATTLE, Nevada Univ., Reno. H, J. Weuth, and J. E. Hunter. journal Paper No 168. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 32, No 2, p 277-2HI, 1971. 1 tab, 39 ref. West Reg Research Project W-46. Descriptors: 'Sulfatcs, 'Sodium chloride, Farm wastes, Callk. Toxicity, Water, Growth rates. Water pollution effects. Identifiers: 'Drinking water, Sulfate water. Hemoglobin. This study was designed to characterize some of the effects on cattle of drinking water contaminated with a known concentration of sulfate. Nine grow- ing Hereford heifers were offered as drinking water either lap-water, 3,000 ppm Na sub 2 SO sub 4- water or 4,110 ppm NaCI-water. The experimental design was a 3x3 latin square with replicates. Ex- perimental periods were 30 days. Total urine was collected on the last 7 days with renal clearance ob- servations being made on the sixth day. The season was summer. The heifers drank less, ate less and lost weight while consuming the sulfate-water. The sulfate ion caused a relative diuresis. Percent urine water of free-water intake was 33.8 with sulfate- water, but only 22.1% with tap water. Total hemoglobin concentration was unaffected by the saline drinking waters, however, the sulfate-water caused a 450% increase in methemoglobin concen- tration and the development of 416.9 mg/100 ml of sulfhemoglobin. The two nonfunctional hemoglobins comprise 6.1% of total hemoglobin at this time. Drinking the sulfate-water increased serum sulfate concentration 63.1%, increased renal filtration of sulfate 43.2%, but decreased renal reabsorption of sulfate by 27.5%. Drinking sulfate- water did not alter plasma calcium concentration 221 image: ------- or renal excretion of calcium. A specific toxic ef- fect of drinking the Na sub 2 SO tub 4-waler was not apparent, however, the adverse effects seen were related to the sulfatc ion. Only a slight polypo- lia and diuresis were observed with drinking of the NaCI-water. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0258 - E4 CAS PRODUCTION FROM BEEF CATTLE WASTES, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. C. F. Meenaghan, D. M. Wells, R. C. Albin, and W Crub. Paper presented at the 1970 winter meeting Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, December 8-11, 1970, Paper No 70-907. 15 p, 9 fig- Descriptors: 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Gases, Farm wastes, Chemical oxygen demand, Cattle, Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Alkalinity, Methane, Biochemical oxygen demand, Waste treatment. Air pollution. Pollution abatement. Identifiers: 'Composting, *Gas production, Car- bon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), Beef cattle. Car- bonaceous material, Volatile acids. A two-stage completely mixed isothermal digestion system having a capacity of 30 gallons/stage was fed wastes from a beef cattle controlled environ- ment chamber. Gas production was monitored and analyzed by a wet test meter and a gas chromato- graph, respectively. Physical and bio-chemical tests were also performed. This study indicates that a completely mixed, two stage anaerobic digestion system is technically feasible and can be used for obtaining nominal treatment of beef cattle wastes. Even with optimal conditions per stage such a system will not be sufficient for complete treat- ment. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0259 - Al, Cl, Dl, F4 ANIMAL WASTES - A NATIONAL PROBLEM, Cornell Univ., Ithaca. Dcpt. of Agriculture; and Cornell Univ., Ithaca. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Raymond C. Loehr. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil En- gineers, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Divi- sion, Vol 95. No SA2.9 tab, 4 fig, 86 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Aerobic treatment. Dehydration. Environment, Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Sheep, Diets, Odori, Rumi- nants, Weight, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Waste water treatment. Confinement pens, Digestion, Proteins, Moisture content, Physical properties. Density, Chemical properties, 'Water pollution sources, Waste dilution. Slurries, Biochemical oxygen demand, Runoff, Ammonia, Chemical oxygen demand, Oxygen demand, Nitrates, Surface waters, Effluents, Coliforms, In- cineration, Aeration, Farm lagoons. Identifiers: 'Animal production, 'Population equivalents, Fiber content, Manure production, Nuisance potential, Fccdlots, Oxidation ditch. Slatted floors. A state of the art summary is presented on the con- trol and management of animal wastes. Items discussed include the magnitude of the problem, pollution that has been caused by animal wastes, feasible treatment processes, major problem areas, and areas for future activity. Animal production and their subsequent waste production, properties, and characteristics are discussed first. The pollu- tion and nuisance potential is then pointed out with respect to population equivalents. Waste treatment and disposal processes and systems follow. A sum- mary and conclusion point out problems and what direction should be taken in the future. The paper was 86 references. (White-Iowa State) 0260 - C4, E3 GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN FRESH CHICKEN MANURE UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Ocpt. of Agricultural Engineering; and Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dcpt. of Animal Science. Sully W. Jackson. B. E. Langlois, and T. H. Poultry Science. Vol 49. No 6, 1970. p 1749-1750. I fig. 5 rcf. Descriptors: 'Feeds. 'Farm wastes. Poultry, •Aerobic conditions. Bacteria. Microorganisms, Laboratory tests. 'Anaerobic conditions. Disposal. Identifiers: Waste re-use. Uric acid. Ruminant feeds. Utilization of animal manure as feed not only would provide a new source of protein for animals, but also would help to reduce the pollution of the environment. While use i»f such material as feed is not permitted at this time, research is necessary in order to determine the feasibility of using manure as feed in the event it is made legal. This study was made to determine whether microorganisms con- tained in chicken manure could utilize constituents of the fresh manure and increase in number during aerobic or anaerobic fermentation. Results sug- gested that fresh chicken manure contains sub- strates capable of supporting aerobic but not anaerobic growth of bacteria. (Hazcn-Iowu State University) 0261 - D4 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FARM ANIMAL WASTES (DAIRY BULL, SWINE AND POULTRY), Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing; and Wisconsin Univ, Madison. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Lome C. Grimms. L. B. Polkowski. and Stanley A. Witzel. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 14, No I, January- February 1971,p7-l 1,13. I0fig,4tab,7ref. Descriptors: 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Farm wastes. 'Digestion, Laboratory tests. Sludge, 'Chemical Oxygen Demand, Poultry. Cattle. Gases, Hydrogen ion concentration, Alkalinity, Settling velocity. Identifiers: Volatile solids reduction. Gas produc- tion. Volatile acids. Dentition time. Dairy bull, swine, and pultry wastes arc amenable to anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digests for dairy bull waste may be loaded at rates of 0.24 pound VS per cubic foot per day with detention times between 10 to 15 days for good reduction in volatile solids and COD. Anaerobic digesters for pultry waite should not be loaded at rates greater than 0.18 pound VS per cubic foot per day with de- tention times between 10 to IS days. Although sub- stantial reductions may be achieved in volatile solids, and COD, the ultimate disposal of the wastes would still be a problem. If long term anaerobic digestion were used it would allow storage until the sludge could be spread on the land to obtain the op- timum fertilizer value for land management. Of the three wastes studied the specific resistance of the poultry waste was the only value that was similar to the specific resistance of anaerubically digested domestic sludge. (Hazcn-lowa State University) 0262 - A5, Bl WASTE HANDLING: WHAT ARE THE CHO- ICES, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. O.I. Berge. Hoard's Dairyman. Vol 116, March 25. 1971, p 353,383. ing. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste water treat- ment. Waste disposal. Waste storage. Cattle. Odor, Fertilizers, Value. Identifiers: 'Waste handling, Waste utilization. Waste disposal has long been a problem. Wastes must be removed periodically for good sanitation. For dairymen, the three major alternatives for han- dling manure are daily spreading, stockpiling for spreading when field conditions are more favora- ble, and liquid storage with spreading under more desirable conditions. All three systems depend on the availability of land for spreading within a reasonable distance of the cattle barn. No system of manure handling has been devised which is not likely to offend the nostrils of sensitive people (Hazen-lowa State University) 0263 - D4 REMOVAL OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY MEANS OF AEROBIC STABILIZATION OF SLUDGE, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Microbiology; and Illinois Univ, Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Roar L. Irgens, and H. Orin Halvonon. Applied Microbiology, Vol 13, No 3, May 1965. p 373-386. 16 fig, 8 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: Chemical Oxygen Demand, •Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 'Waste water treatment, 'Sludge treatment, Sludge digestion. Denitrification, 'Nutrients. Identifiers: Digester supernatant fluid, Kjeldahl nitrogen. In the convential treatment of sewage, the solids are normally disposed of by anaerobic digestion. This leaves a considerable amount of plant nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphate, as solu- ble compounds which will eventually find their way into the plant's final effluent, since the supernatant fluid from the digesters is normally returned to the raw sewage. In a recent investigation, we found that, if the sludges were treated by an aerobic process, a significant portion of the carbonaceous matter was oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, and the rest was assimilated into microbial protoplasm. This process tied up the available nitrogen and phosphorus so that practically none remained dissolved in the suspending liquid. The accumulated solids, consisting mostly of microbial cells were separated very easily from the liquid leaving a slightly colored supernatant fluid that was water-clear, free from plant nutrients, and very low in BOD and COD. The overall process was accom- plished in a detention time not exceeding 20 days, in contrast to anaerobic digestion which requires from 50 to 70days. (Hazen-lowa State University) 0264 - B2 HANDLING METHODS FOR LIQUID MANURE ARE TESTED, D. W. Bates. Hoard's Dairyman, Vol. 116, p 273, March 10, 1971, 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, Waste dumps, •Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Storage tank, 'Waste storage, Liquid wastes. Identifiers: Barn heat. Methods for handling liquid manure stored in a large external tank over an extended period of time were evaluated. The 150,000 gallon storage tank was constructed at a right angle to the end of a 60-cow tie stall barn. A cover of woven wire, polyethylene and baled straw was used in winter; the tank was uncovered in the summer. No con- veyor system was installed, Waste heat from the barn's ventilation system was exhausted into the tank to prevent or reduce freezing. Pumps were used to level and remove the tank's contents. Con- clusions are: (1) Manure stored in a large tank can be agitated and removed without difficulty under proper management; (2) Manure deposited in one end of a long tank will distribute itself sufficiently under its own weight so a conveyor is not necessa- ry ; (3) Waste heat from a barn's ventilation system 222 image: ------- is valuable in preventing freezing in an exposed manure storage tank. (Hazen-lowa State) 0265 - Bl, C5 PENICILLIN BY THE POUND, Margaret E. Duffy. Environment, Vol 11, No 8, 1969. p 14-21. 2 fig, 40 ref. Descriptors: 'Animal pathology. Disease re- sistance, 'Diseases, Farm wastes. Beneficial use, Poultry, Regulation, Feeds. Cattle. Identifiers: •Antibiotics, Agricultural uses, Growth promotion. Disease prevention. Hormones, •Penicillin, Drugs, Side effects, Therapeutic value. Hemorrhages, FDA. Antibiotics, hormones and many other medicines used to treat human sickness have found their way into agriculture. The drugs are used to treat animal diseases, to promote growth, to preserve food and to protect plants. Far more antibiotics are used on farms than in hospitals, and the growing reliance on these and other medicines in agriculture raises a host of problems. The most serious of these may be the appearance of resistance in microbes to an- tibiotic treatment. Most of the antibiotics used in agriculture are added to the feed of cattle, pigs, chickens and lambs in order to promote growth. Antibiotics have had a greater effect on chickens and pigs raised in a previously occupied and there- fore unsanitary environment than those raised in sanitized or new quarters. Prolonged feeding with antibiotics has more than once been reported to result in a decreased growth response in chicks. Antibiotics do not promote growth in germ-free animals. Some of the harmful side effects are: aller- gic and toxic effects of drugs, alterations in rnicrobial flora which can cause disease and the development of resistant strains of micro-organ- isms. Animals may accumulate antibiotics in blood and muscle tissue when given antibiotics in their feed. Hence, antibiotics may find their way into meat products if animsls are slaughtered before an- tibiotic residues have disappeared. (Hazen-lowa Slate University) 0266 - A5, B2, C5 CAGED LAYER PERFORMANCE IN PENS WITH OXIDATION DITCHES AND LIQUID MANURE STORAGE TANKS, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Poultry Science. ). P. Walker, H. L. Orr, and J. Pos. Poultry Science, Vol 50, No 2, March 1*71, p JO I- 501. I tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Con- finement pens, 'Performance, Waste disposal, Farm wastes, Waste treatment. Storage tanks. Slur- ries, Aeration, Equipment, Nitrogen, Odor. Design criteria. Identifiers: Liquid msnure. Egg production, Egg quality, Anti-foaming agent. The increased size of poultry operations and the spread of urban areas has created problems in the disposal or utilization of poultry waste. These have been aggravated by the increaaed use of the liquid system of manure handling and Its resultant odors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the per- formance of caged layers housed In a pen utilizing oxidation ditches in contrast to caged layers housed in a pen with anaerobic liquid storage tanks. The conclusion is that hen housed egg production, egg quality, feed conversion and mortality performance of caged layers in pens with oxidation ditches was similar to that of caged layers In pens with liquid manure storage tanks. The odor in the pen with the oxidation ditches was less offensive than in pens with anaerobic liquid manure tanks. Modifications must be developed for oxidation ditches or other more economical means developed for oxidizing liquid poultry manure before it has practical appli- cation. (Hazen-lowaState University) 0267 - Fl WASTE MANAGEMENT...WHAT DOES IT C.OST, Wisconsin Univ.. Madison. Dcpl. of Agricultural Engineering. Orrin I. Berge. Hoard '• Dairyman, Vol 1 1 6, April 1 0, 1 97 1 , p 420. 8 tab. Descriptors: •Watte disposal, 'Cost comparisons, •Farm wanes. Cattle, *Cosu, Cost analysis. An- nual costs, Capital investment, Fertilizers, Value. Identifiers: Cost factors. This article Is an economic protection of the cost factors involved in handling wastes by daily haul- ing, stacking or liquid manure. Daily hauling requires the least investment and liquid manure systems the most. The annual costs for each of the systems are much closer than the investment figures. The cost of the waste handling systems may be offset to a considerable extent by the fertility value of the wastes. ( Hazen-lowa State University) 0268 - B3 MANURE STACKING. Hoard's Dairyman, Vol IIS, October 1970 p 1028. 1067. 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Waste dumps, •Waste storage, 'Farm wastes. Management, Equipment. Identifiers: Waste storage facilities. The expense und problems involved with hauling wastes daily and the cost of liquid waste systems have caused agricultural engineers and dairy far- mers to consider other ways of handling farm wastes, one of which is stacking. Unlike liquid waste systems, the amount of water that is mixed with the manure must be kept to a minimum. Another problem that may result with stacking is thill tif runoff from the stack itself. There is not the odor problem that exists in liquid systems. There arc u number of stackers on the market; as it ap- pears more dairymen will switch to stacking as a disposal system. ( Hazcn-lowa State University) 0270 - A8, C4 RAPID CONCENTRATION OF STRONGYLE fGGS FROM EQUINE FECES FOR IN VITRO STUDIES^ Louisiana State Univ.. Baton Rouge. Dent, of Veterinary Science. Thomas R. Bello, and Virginia L. Gordon. American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 3 1 No 12. p 2283-2288, December, 1970. 1 tab, 7 r*f. Deicriptora: •Farm wastes. Laboratory test*. Ne- *Sep""k>n tochnjquei> ?ouutti>t "- Honei Ubo™tory proetdurw- For in vitro studies, large numbers of strongyle eggs in equine feces were suspended, sieved, sedimented In water, and then floated in aucroie solution by centrifugaUoB. The eggs wen prepared for culture. by disinfecting with' 1.2 to 1.3* sodium hypocholorite solution and washing in sterile Tyrode's solution containing antibiotics. This rapid concentration technique was 100.2 „ 2.2% effica. u r, from 20 horses. ( 0271 - E3 GROWING CORN -lowa State) GROWTH Meeting American Society of Agricultural En- gineers. Paper No MC-71 -104,17 p, 10 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, »Crop response, Disposal, Laboratory tests, Plant tissues. Growth chambers, Cattle. Identifiers: Manure, Application rates. Contamina- tion. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect on corn germination and early growth of different manure loading rates and to compare the effect of planting in manure mixed with soil against placement of seed above a manure layer. Germina- tion and early growth of corn in plant growth cham- bers were adversely affected by applications of beef feedlot manure at rates ranging from 33 to 17J tons/acre, oven dry basis. The effects were dif- ferent when manure was completely mixed with soil than when applied u a layer under a soil cover. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0272 - E2, E3 A DOSING SIPHON FOR DISCHARGING CLEANING WATER INTO FLUSHING GUT- TERS, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. H.L. Person, and J. R. Miner. Unpublished paper presented at the 1971 Mid- Central Region Meeting American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Paper No MC-71-105, 22 p, lOHg, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Design data, Equip- ment, Confinement pens, Test procedures, Theoretical analysis. Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Flushing gutter, 'Dosing siphon. Waste removal, Snifter. An automatic dosing siphon has been designed. built, and used for discharging water into Hushing gutters. An explanation of how the device operates as well as test data and design information are presented. The automatic dosing siphon is easy to design and build. The parts are commercially available. If proper precautions are taken to ensure that all Joints are airtight, the automatic dosing siphon is a dependable device for discharging cleaning water into flushing gutters. (Christenburg- lowa State) 0273 - C3, C5 ROLE OF EXCRETED CHLORTETRA- CYCLINE IN MODIFYING THE DECOMPOSI- TION PROCESS IN FEEDLOT WASTE, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins. Dept. of Microbiology. O. Keith Elmund, S. M. Morrison, D. W. Grant, andM.P.Nevins.Sr. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Tox- icology. Vol 6, No 2, 1971,p 129-131. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Biodcgradation, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, Bactericidea, Tox- iclty, 'Stabilization, Bioassay, Biological treat- ment. Diets, Water pollution effects. Feeds. Cattle, Ruminants, Pollutant Identification. Identifiers: Feedlot wastes. Dietary antibiotic. Rumen mteroflora, •Chlortetracycllne. Quantitative btoassays of fresh feedlot manure revealed that approximately 75 percent of the dietary chlortetracycline was excreted. The an- tibiotic concentration was 14 microgram g/gm of fresh feedlot manure, and 0.34 microgram g/gm of aged feedlot manure. Standard BODS values on manure from control steers and manures from steers receiving dietary chlortetracycline demon- strated that antibiotic supplementation of animal '" •"*; ?' mter°w>™ Participating in the of feedlot manure. The effect of in- u-bv-"i--«i«'- Unpublished Paper. Presented 1971 Mid-(?entral selects or a rnicrobial population reta- 223 image: ------- lively inefficient in the stabilization process and (2) antibiotic supplementation apparently alters the digestive processes in the animal, resulting in manures which are less biodegradable as measured by the standard BOD5 procedure. (Chriitenburg- lowa State) 0274 - F4 POLLUTION, PESTICIDES AND THE PEOPLE • - AGRICULTURE AND OUR NATURAL EN- VIRONMENT. Greater DCS Moines Chamber of Commerce, Iowa. Agricultural Dept. 33rd Annual (Forum), National Farm Institute, February 11 • 12,1971, Des Moines, Iowa,! 07 p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Pesticides, •Sedi- ment, "Water pollution effects, Fertilizers, Economic!, Legislation, Water pollution control, Benefits, Costs, Agriculture standards. Water quality, Taxes, DDT, Population, Livestock, En- vironment, Sewage. Identifiers: Conservancy districts. The proceedings of the National Farm Institute in- clude papers concerned with the various aspects of pollution and today's environment. Various pollu- tants which are discussed include farm wastes, fer- tilizers, pesticides, and sediment. In addition, other papers report on population aspects, legislation, economics of pollution control, and interest groups concerned with pollution. A wide array of views and potential control systems are examined. (White-Iowa Stale) 0275 - A3, F3 THE CITIZENS' VIEW OF POLLUTION, League of Women Voters of the United States, Washington, D.C. Environmental Quality Program. Donald Clusen, Mrs. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 7-13. Descriptors: "Environment, 'Water pollution ef- fects. Pollution abatement, Legislation, Govern- ments, Research and development. Water quality. Standards, Water Quality Act, Taxes, Agriculture. The author attempts to give societies view of pollu- tion while admitting that the role of spokesman is a dangerous one. Trying to describe pollution or what it is constitutes a problem as varied aa trying to prescribe solutions. There is no national consen- sus on environmental questions unless it is that * problem exists and the time to deal with it is now. An aroused public must insist that more be done, and faster, to abate pollution. Equally important is the preparation of a number of alternativei. Water resource development must be viewed as an in- tegral part of the national effort to protect and im- prove the quality of man's environment. The general public has demonstrated that they want their money spent for pollution abatement. People want to have a voice in the choices to be made, they want to see some progress made, and they want environmental concerns to have a higher pri- ority - in government, business and agriculture. (White-Iowa State) 0276 - A3, A7 THE SPORTSMAN'S VIEW, National Wildlife Federation. Phillip Douglas. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute. February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 15-22. Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, Water pollution effects, Conservation. Biodegradation, Recreation, Diseases, Beneficial use. Toxicity, Solubility, Fish, Birds, Biocontrol, Cultural control. Identifiers: 'Biological concentration. Primary ef- fects, Secondary effects. Both sides of the pesticide problem are presented in this paper. Pesticides, and in particular DDT, have been used successfully to help control typhus fever, malaria, and dutch elm disease among others. These beneficial effects are sometimes off- set by their harmful residues. The DDT molecule combines four properties that are responsible for its behavior in the environment: (I) toxicity to al- most all animal life; (2) persistence; (3) mobility; and (4) solubility properties. Many examples of fish and bird fatality are pointed out as the result of the accumulation of DDT. Ususally these are the higher animals in carnivorous food chains. Twelve steps or courses of action are recommended to help alleviate the problem. (White-Iowa State) 0277 - A7 THE FARMERS'CONCERN, Gilbert Stanek. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 23-29. Descriptors: 'Wastes, 'Water pollution effects, Dieldrin, DDT, Mercury, Pesticides, Insecticides, Herbicides, Resistance, Research and develop- ment. Education, Regulation. Identifiers: 'Panic power. Mis-use, Tolerance level. Farmers have four areas of concern in the environ- mental pollution field. The first is 'panic power* created by news media and other sources that cry out in unsure, uninformed voices about the uncer- tainties of pollution. The second area is mis-use or the improper handling of wastes and pesticides by farmers as well as non-farmers. The third area deals with tolerance levels. What criteria should be usfed and what levels should be set are questions which remain largely unanswered. The fourth area of con- cern to farmers is that they are a minority group. We are warned that if the American farmers' effi- ciency of production is jeopardized by banning of pesticide usage, the consumer will suffer through increased food prices because of reduced produc- tion. Research, education and regulation are .key steps to preserve our standard of living. (White-Iowa State) 0278 - Al POPULATION GROWTH RATE SHOULDNT GET ALL THE BLAME, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. Conrad Taeuber. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971. Des Moines, Iowa, p 31 -39. Descriptors: 'Human population, 'Growth rates, Fertility, Fecundity, Census, Cities, Water pollu- tion effects, Natural resources. Population growth characteristics of the United States are pointed out. The growth rate is traced from pre-war times to present, with projections being made for future growth. Pollution and other social ills are not primarily a result of our rate of population growth. Changing standards and habits, in activities, technology, and the style of life have much more to do with the accumulation and disposition of waste materials and pollutants than dots the number of persons involved. (White-Iowa Slate) 0279 - A3, A4, A9 POLLUTION . HOW MUCH OF A PROBLEM COMES FROM FERTILIZERS, Missouri Univ, Columbia. Water Resource* Research Center. George E. Smith. In: 33rd Annual (Forum), National Farm Institue, February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa p. 40-48. Descriptors: •Fertilizers, 'Nitrofcn, 'Nitrate, Nitrite, Nutrients, Fertility, Toxicity, Eutrophica- tion. Phosphorus, Water supply, Water waits, Ru- noff, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Photosynthesis, Water pollution, Soil contamination. Identifiers: Meloglobenemla, Nitrate accumula- tion. An objective view is given of fertilizer usage and its role as a pollutant. First concern for pollution from fertilizers was in connection with nitrate toxicity (metogfobenemia) In human infants and tome spe- cies of livestock. Most of the water involved came from improperly constructed wells near livestock or where low rainfall caused nitrate accumulation in the soil from organic matters. Chemical fertil- izers as well as city sewage, livcitock wastes, and plant residues are all sources of nutrients which may cause eutrophication. Nitrate may accumulate in plant tissue to undesirable levels only under cer- tain climatic and cultural conditions. A Missouri study of water supplies indicated that most nitrate contaminated wells were (I) in rural locations, (2) shallow, (3) poorly (constructed, and (4) in areas where livestock production is the main source of farm income. There was a high degree of correla- tion between the occurrence and the concentration of nitrate in these wells and their proximity to livestock feeding areas or to septic tank tile fiekls. A final note is made of the corn farmer as an ecolo- gist, whereby an acre of com will use 10.5 tons of CO2 while producing 2.5 tons of plant material and 8 tons of oxygen - enough to support 12 people for ayear. (White-Iowa State) 0280 - A7 PESTICIDES, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Pesticide Advisory Committee, William M. Upholt. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute. February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa p 49-56. Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, Diseases, Insecti- cides, Public health, Toxicity, Pesticide residue, Hazards, Poisons, Beneficial use, Water pollution effects. Identifiers: • Parathton, Malaria. Cancer. Pesticides are discussed with three main anas of emphasis. DDT is used as an example, but the prin- ciples are intended to apply to pesticides generally. The first area of emphasis is of the beneficial use of DDT. Increased production and the control of malaria are two main benefits. Human health hazards from pesticides are next pointed out Death and illness have been attributed to pesticide poisoning. Currently the human health hazard that is most controversial is the possibility of cancer or birth defects from exposure to pesticide concentra- tions. Environmental hazards are the last area of concern. Biological accumulation and persistence in the environment are two main problems. The author suggest a drastic reduction in the use of DDT as one solution. Pesticides are useful, but they all carry some risk of damage to man or the en- vironment. (White-Iowa State) 0281 - Al, Cl, Dl, El, F4 LIVESTOCK WASTE, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. Paul Taiganides. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute. February 1971, Dei Moines, Iowa, p 57-66,1 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Cattle, Poultry, •By- products, Confinement pent. Water pollution ef- fects. Odor, Organic matter, Moisture content. Ru- noff, Ammonia, Biochemical oxygen demand, Biological treatment. Drying. Identifiers: 'Animal production, 'Coprology, Feedlott, Production efficiency. Waste properties, Population equivalent, Waste transport. Treatment processes. A short comprehensive review is given of the changes in animal production and waste handling 224 image: ------- techniques. The transition from pasture to confine- ment production has met the demand for agricul- tural food and fiber. There has been a correspond- ing increase in animal waste management problems. This has given rise to what the author refers to as coprology - manure science. Current coprological technology includes knowledge of manure characteristics, transport methods, waste treatment and utilization schemes, and disposal media. Disposal must be done in such a way and at such a rate that nature will be able to assimilate it without creating environmental problems. (White-Iowa State) 0282 - A3 SEDIMENT: EVERYBODY'S POLLUTION PROBLEM, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Kenneth E. Grant. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971, DesMoines, Iowa, p 67-76, 1 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Sediment, Water pollution effects, •Sedimentation, Agriculture, Soil erosion. Right- of-way, Soil, Farm waste. Water quality. Watersheds, Flood damage, Value, Benefits, Soil surveys, Research and development, Land manage- ment. Identifiers: Nonfarm sources, Soil Conservation Service, Soil capability, Universal Soil Lou Equa- tion, Wind Erosion Equation, Mulch tillage, Con- servation Needs Inventory. Sediment is the nation's largest pollutant. It is not only a pollutant in itself, but a carrier of animal wastes and chemical pollutants. Examples of the enormity of the sediment problem are cited. Non- farm sources of sediment are a serious and growing problem. The fight against soil erosion has been headed by more than 3000 local soil and water con- servation districts in the United States. A Conser- vation Needs Inventory indicates that 63% of all privately owned land (cropland, pasture, range, forest, other) needs some type of conservation treatment. Examples of the effectiveness of conser- vation treatment. Examples of the effectiveness of conservation measures are given. Continuing research and cooperation is needed between agen- cies and the general public in the resource conser- vation area. (White-Iowa State) 0283 - Fl ECONOMICS OF POLLUTION CONTROL, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Economics. John F. Timmons. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 77-85. Descriptors: * Environment, 'Water pollution con- trol. Economics, Natural resources, Standards, Programs, Costs, Benefits, Watersheds, Agricul- ture, Water pollution effects. Identifiers: 'Environmental quality. Coals, Quality standard. Suspended sediment. Production costs. The paper suggests some ideas and method) that appear useful in understanding and in resolving some of the difficult but important issues emanat- ing from three environmental quality questions. Pint, what are the standards of environmental quality that can serve as policy and program goals and at the same time engender wide spread and continuing public understanding and support. Next, what are the costs, both monetized and non- monetized, of both achieving and failure to achieve the stated standards of environmental quality. Thirdly, who pays the costs both with and without achievement of the standards of environmental quality and who gets the benefits. Since environ- mental quality is a national issue, the author hat en- deavored to identify and elaborate upon these three major considerations in our quest for im- provements in the quality of the natural environ- ment. (White-Iowa State) 0284 - Fl CURRENT CONSERVANCY LEGISLATION, Iowa House of Representatives, Des Moines. Dale M. Cochran. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 87-93. Descriptors: 'Soil conservation, 'Legislation, Wind erosion, Drainage, Soil erosion. Water pollu- tion effects, Sediment, Rivers, Fertilizers. Pesti- cides, Agriculture, Iowa. Identifiers: 'Conservancy Districts, Des Moines River, District soil commissioners, Non-farm • sources, US Department of Agriculture. The scope and content of Iowa's Conservancy Dis- trict bill is explained in this paper. The bill resulted after a review and study of drainage laws indicated that Hood control, water pollution, recreation, soil erosion, and others were closely related. Conserva- tion efforts have become rather static for a number of reasons, among them apathy, large operators, and shifts to continuous row crops. The Conservan- cy bill, as proposed, would regulate farm and non- farm sources of erosion both by wind and water. The local soil conservation district commissioners would be in charge of soil conservation com- pliance. Cost sharing would be available for those required to comply. Failure to comply could result in a court order requiring immediate compliance and loss of any cost sharing funds that might have been available. (White- Iowa State) 0285 - F3 POLLUTION CONTROL DECISIONS - WHO SHOULD MAKE THEM, Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. Edwin T.Haefele. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971, DCS Moines, Iowa, p 95-99. Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Pollution abatement, Governments, Legislation, Environ- ment, Taxes, Water pollution effects, 'Decision making. • , Identifiers: Individual rights. Executive responsi- bility. Four lessons have been learned in the developing history of our country to the problems of pollution control. The first lesion is the necessity for legisla- tive determination of policy. Most environmental issues are not problems that can be solved but con- flicts that must be resolved. Individual rights is the second lesson. AD of us are exercising our in- dividual rights to the detriment of all of us. Rightfull use by each individual is the central core of the problem of over use of common property resources. The need for executive responsibility ii the third lesson. The fourth lesson involves con- necting the notion of individual right with that of personal interest through the use of taxation and prices as regulatory devices. (White-Iowa State) 0286 - Al, F4 AGRICULTURAL BENEFITS FROM URBAN POLLUTION CONTROL, Office of the Secretary of the Army, Washington, D.C. John R. Shaeffer. In: 33rd Annual Forum, National Farm Institute, February 1971, Des Moines, Iowa, p 101 -107. Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage treatment. Sewage, Benefits, Agriculture, Environ- ment, Pollutants, Water pollution effects. Pumping, Viruses, Diseases, Fertilizers, Irrigation, Michigan Identifiers: 'Environmental vision. Waste manage- ment. Treatment cells. An environmental 'vision' is needed which encom- passes the fact that the environment is a single in- teracting closed system, and that pollutants are potential resources out of place. Utilizing these ideas, a pilot waste water management scheme for Muskegon County, Michigan is outlined. Sewage is first pumped to the surrounding countryside where treatment calls convert the waste to an odorless clear liquid by using all the forces of nature - air, aerobic bacteria, gravity, sunlight, and time. The liquid is then used as irrigation water and the soil removes the remaining nutrients, heavy metals, and viruses. An under drainage system picks up the pure water and brings it to a stream. For 42 million gallons of Muskegon County aewage a day, 10 thousand acres of land were needed. The costs for the new system are less than bringing the existing plants up to a secondary level of treatment. (White-Iowa State) 0287 - Bl, El METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF POULTRY MANURE, New Zealand Dept. of Agriculture, Christchurch. P. D. Thompson. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Vol 116, No I, January 1968, p 44-49.1 tab, S fig. Descriptors: 'Poultry, Fertilizer, Oxidation lagoons. Irrigation efficiency, Solid waste drying. Market value. Weight, Chemical analysis. Larvae, Waste treatment, Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Cage, Broiler, Sewage sludge. Indoor lagoon. Droppings, Offensive smell, Breeding ground. The disposal of poultry manure in its various forms can cause problems by the spread of the urban set- tlement. Disposal of poultry manure should be di- vided into three stages: the collection of droppings; the removal of the droppings; and the disposal or processing. The volume of poultry manure per 1000 laying birds per week is approximately 32 cubic feet per ton with a moisture content of 70 per cent. Approximately fifty acres of grassland is required to dispose of the annual manure produced from 2SOO deep litter layers or 20,000 broilers. Sludge disposal is another method of handling manure. To handle the manure from 1000 birds at a dilution of 1:1, a holding capacity of 10 to 18 cubic feet per day is required. Most of these storage tanks do not exceed 1000 cubic feet. The disposal by irrigation is one of the common practices of emptying these tanks. Still another method of disposal is the lagoon. A newer method of disposal is drying the manure. This method is expensive, and therefore requires a-sure market to be practical. Poultry farmers should realize the many profitable alternatives for the disposal of manure. (Bundy- lowa State) 0288 - E3 FIELD CROP IRRIGATION WITH OXIDATION POND EFFLUENT, Mississippi State Univ., State College. Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; and Mis- sissippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Sta- tion. J. B. Allen, and J. C. McWhorter. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Paper No 71 -246. 29 p, 10 tab, 8 fig 12 ref.OWRRA-040-MISS(3). Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Biochemical ox- ygen demands. Furrow irrigation, Rainfall, Wheat Soybeans, Sudangrass. Clovers, Alfalfa, Mississippi crop yield, Nutrient requirements, Nitrogen 'Ir- rigation efficiency,'Water reuse. Identifiers: Test plot. Conform density. Michigan The purpose of this 18-month study was to in- vestigate the use of oxidation pond effluent for the 225 image: ------- irrigation of wheat, soybeans, sudax, alfalfa, and sweet clover In Mississippi. The study was con- ducted at the Agricultural and Biological Engineer- ing Farm using effluent from a 2/3 acre oxidation pond located at the farm. All plot! were furrow ir- rigated. Thrw litigation treatments were uied; ir- rigation with effluent, conventional irrigation, and no irrigation. A total of 23.8 inches of irrigation water was applied during the period from May 13, 1969 to October 29, 1970. The observed rainfall during Oils period wai S1.95 inchet, and the total of rainfall plus Irritation was 105.8 inches. At various times during the first growing season, samples of the effluent from the oxidation pond, the ground witter beneath the ptots, and stream flow from nearly sampling locations were collected for bac- teriological and chemical analysis. The yield responses to both types of irrigation were small, probably because of a high ground water table at the plot location. There were no large yield respon- ses resulting from the nutrients contained in the ox- idation pond effluent. These nutrients were not suf- ficient to maintain a high level of crop production (Bundy-lowa State) 0289 - D3, F3 TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK FARM WASTES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Sanitary En- gineering. Charles D. Gates. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 35, No 12, December 1963, p 1569-1579. 7 fig, 2 tab, 16ref. Descriptors: "Ducks. •Chlorine, 'Coliforms, •Water management, *Chlorination, Farm wastes, Water pollution. Biochemical oxygen demand, Lagoons, Sludge, Waste disposal, Laboratory tests, Microorganisms, Salmonella, Effluents, Shellfish, Waste treatment, Oxidation lagoons. Identifiers: Residual coliform densities. Un- derwater lagoon, Most probable number. The presence of year round duck farms in the Moriches Bay area has resulted in pollution which interferes with other legitimate uses of these waters. A study was made and the results are re- ported in this paper. The conclusion is that the suc- cessful disinfection of duck farm lagoon effluents by chlorination would require a number of addi- tions to, and changes in, present treatment prac- tice. These would include (I) a separate basin to provide 15 minute contact time between the chlorine and the settled effluent; (2) facilities for adding the chlorine and thoroughly mixing it with the effluent; (3) some means of dose and/or residual control of the chlorination by the farm operator; (4) some administrative means of ensur- ing compliance with this required treatment. ing (Hi lazen-lowa State) 0290 - C4 CORYNEFORM BACTERIA IN POULTRY DEEP UTTER, Edinburgh Univ. Dept. of Bacteriology. H.E.Scnefferle. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. Vol 29, No 1, 1966. p 147-160,2 tab, 57 ref. paper discusses the characteristics and classifica- tion of the coryneform bacteria isolated during the investigation. The procedures for isolating and dif- ferentiation of the various strains is discussed. The actual counts of coryneform bacteria hi the region 10 to the 9th power • 10 to the 1 Ith power/g of fresh mattrial did not appear to be related to the physical condition! of the litter. Three hundred and eleven strains of coryneform bacterial were ex- amined and compared to those found in poultry litter. (Haien-Iows State) Descriptors: 'Bacteria, •Poultry, Farm wastes, Hydrogen ion concentration, Laboratory procedure, Decomposing organic matter, /N___ „., Bradegndation, Salt tolerance, Organic acids, 0293 - r4 Ureas, Vitamin B. Ammonia, Genetics, Classifica- tion, Pollutant identification, Waste treatment Identifiers: •Coryneform bacteria. Litter, Uric acid. Biochemical characteristics. Growth factors, Deep litter, Build up litter. 0291 - C4 COMPARISON OF MEDIA FOR ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE AND SHIGELLAE FROM FECAL SPECIMENS, Center of Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. Enteric Bacteriology Unit. C. Dunn, and W. J. Martin. Applied Microbiology, Vol 22, No I, p 17-22, July 1971. 5 tab, 38 ref. Descriptors: •Salmonellae, 'Shigellae, •Pathogenic bacteria, Laboratory, Enteric bac- teria. Bacteria, Isolation, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Transport media, Plating media, En- richment broth media, Bacteria population. Clini- cal specimens. Isolation rate, Recovery rate. Five transport media, eight plating media, and three enrichment broth media for the isolation of salmoneilae and shigellae were evaluated. Eight laboratories in widely separated regions of the United States participated in this evaluation by sub- mitting 490 fecal specimens in the transport media provided. The results suggest that the newer trans- port media may not offer any advantage over the use of buffered glycerol-saline in the isolation of these enteric pathogens. Shigellae were best iso- lated by direct inoculation, whereas salmoneilae were isolated in greater numbers after tetrathionate (without Brilliant Green) enrichment with sub- sequent culturing on the plating medium. The use of a variety of plating media is recommended for the recovery of a larger number of these enteric pathogens. (Bundy-lowa State) 0292 - A3, A9 AGRICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE AND STREAM POLLUTION, John M. Henderson. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil En- gineers, SA6, Vol 88, November 1962. 4 tab, 11 ref, p 61-75. Descriptors: •Water pollution sources, •Biochemi- cal oxygen demand, 'Drainage effects, Public health, Waste water treatment, Zoonoses, *Farm wastes, Waste identification, Diseases, Runoff, Chemical properties, Physical properties. Identifiers: •Human disease hazards, Organic pol- lution. Health hazards, Waste characteristics. Water-borne diseases. Population equivalents. The inherent characteristics of organic pollution contributed to agricultural land drainage by farm animals ate Investigated as well as whether this contribution can be a significant problem in stream pollution. The nature of abatement measures is outlined, together with their practicability and ef- fectiveness? Human diseases hazards in water- borne animal wastes are reviewed. (Christenbury- lowa State) SOUTHERN WORKERS REPORT RESEARCH, W. M. Smith. Poultry Digest, March 1971. p 136-137. A detailed discussion of bacteria found in poultry litter is presented. The most frequently occurring bacteria in poultry Utter is the coryneform. The Descriptors: 'Eggs. •Effects, •Poultry, *Farm wastes, DDT. Phosphorus, Proteins, Confinement pens. Oysters, Calcium, Feeds, Amino acids. Wheat, Sodium. Identifiers: 'Egg shells, Egg quality, Egg produc- tion, Albumen, Chicken housing, Cow manure. The text gives summaries of papers presented at a recent meeting of the Association of Southern Agricultural Workers at Jacksonville, Florida. Lighting eggs during incubation may hasten their hatching. Egg production drops after six weeks of feeding DDT at 1200 ppm; shell thickness and shell weight are reduced about 10%. Wire-floor-reared pullets were heavier at 4 and 20 weeks, laid better, and lived better than those raised on titter. Oyster shell strengthens egg shells. Caged hens require more sodium in the ration than do those on litter. (Hazen-Iowa State) 0294 - A8, C4 MANURE MITES IN INTEGRATED FLY CON- TROL. Poultry Digest, February 1971.p68. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Biocontrol, Mites, Farm waste, Larvae, Environmental effects. Population, Predatkm, Air temperature, Pollution abatement, California. Identifiers: *Fly control, Mesostigmatid, Thinoseis spinosus, Fuscuropoda vegetans. The manure mite is a biological control method in which a predator population eliminates a fly problem. Several species of mites have been found in California as being associated with the poultry industry. Some of the different mites being as- sociated with flies on poultry ranches include Mesostigmatid mite, Thinoseis spinosus, and the Fuscuropoda vegetans. These mites do not get on people or birds, but they stay in the manure. They are most active in the winter, and can easily be seen on the surface of the manure when it cools off. The manure mite is a major predator on fly eggs. The manure mite In itself will not control flies, but can be used along with pesticides for control. (Bundy- lowa State) 0295 - B2, D4 OXIDATION DITCH IN CAGE LAYER HOUSE. Poultry Digest, July 1971. p 3 37. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm waste, Bacteria, Odor, Foaming, Water circulation, Solids, Waste treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Waste water treatment, 'Oxidation lagoons. Identifiers: 'Manure water mixture, Feathers, Mechanical failure. Cage laying house. Oxidation ditch. An oxidation ditch under a laying flock presented no major problems during a two year study. This was a study made on a 936 bird caged flock in Northern Ireland. The oxidation ditch is 68 feet long with a channel width of 44 inches. The liquid depth is maintained between 3 1/4 to '3 1/2 feet deep for an approximate capacity of 1,8 cubic feet per bird. Waste production of the birds averaged 254 pounds per day with a biological oxygen de- mand of the fresh droppings of 40,860 parts per million. This was a daily B.O.D. load on the ditch of 10.3 pounds. It was necessary to empty the ditch completely when the solids content of the liquid rose above the 30,000 ppm level - about twice a year. Bacterial activity in the ditch during the first cycle of storage was responsible for loss of 43% of the total solids, 60% of the chemical and biological oxygen demand, and 66% of the nitrogen. The manure water mixture in the ditch was odorless. (Bundy-lowa State) 0296 - Bl, F5 A NEW APPROACH TO CAGE WASTE DISPOSAL IN A CANINE LABORATORY, Veterans Administraton Hospital, West Roxbury, Mass. General Medical Research Dept. P.Godin.andJ. Belko. 226 image: ------- ' Vo1 18> No 3- June 1968- g, 2 ref. 4 fig, , ref. Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Animal parasite. Laboratory, Labor, Moisture content, Water pollu- tion control, Equipment, 'Pollution abatement. ' Identifiers: 'Automatic flush waste system. Dog cage wastes, Compactness, Flushing. The need for the improvement of animal housing to meet future standards prompted the design of a new type of animal cage at the Veterans Adminis- tration Hospital. This particular dog cage system has been in use for 3 years, housing 29 animals in a small area, yet meeting all the requirements for good animal care. The cages are custom-installed prefabricated fiberglass, featuring a central drain that ties into existing public sewer lines. An auto- matic flush system connected to the drain lines reduces both odors and labor. The general condi- tion of the dogs have improved, and the number of parasites diminished with the way of cleaning. The relative humidity rises to 57% in the' first hour after cleaning, then maintains a level of 47-50% throughout the day. This system may readily be adopted to existing or new animal facilities. (Bun- dy-Iowa State) 0297 - B3 BROODER-GROW CAGES OVER DEEP PIT, Roland C, Hartmin. Poultry Digest, April 1971, p. 165-168. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastes. Structural design, Ventilation, Waste storage. Identifiers: Pit storage, Cages. This article describes a brooder-growing house for pullets. The building measures 36' X 390' and has four 370* rows of double-decked cages on A- frames designed for starting 38,000 pullet chicks and rearing them until 20 to 22 weeks of age. The cages are set up over a deep pit. Air is exhausted from beneath the floor and brought in under the caves. Heat is supplied by a hot water pipe running down the center of each row of cages. (Parker- ISU) 0298 - A2, Bl MANAGING SWINE WASTES TO PREVENT POLLUTION, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Agricultural Engineering Extension. E.A.Olson. Nebraska Farmer, April 1971, p. 18, 20,22, 2fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Wastewater disposal. Lagoons, Waste storage. Settling basins. Hogs. Identifiers: 'Waste management, Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council. The management of swine wastes to keep them from polluting our streams is one of the new production problems facing the swine producer. Site selection is especially important as related to odor problems and sufficient space for waste han- dling facilities. Runoff from swine lots! must not reach streams. Therefore facilities must be built to store and dispose of wastes. This article discusses some systems and problems associated with swine waste disposal. (Parker-ISU) 0299 — El, F5 HYDROLOGY OF SPRAY - RUNOFF VVASTEWATER TREATMENT, Robert S, Kerr, Water Research Center, South Central Region, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Ada, Oklahoma. Richaid E. Thomas, James P. Law, Jr., Curtis C. Harlin, Jr. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Descriptors: 'Hydrology, 'wastewater treatment, •soil disposal fields, runff, systems analysis, water balance, water measurement, sprinkler irrigation, 'Identifiers; 'Spray runoff, sprinkler application. A 400-acre soil treatment system designed to treat 3.8 mgd of wastewater from acannery was selected for a research study. Four water- sheds with a total area of 11.4 acres were ta- strilmented to evaluate the hydrology of the treatment system. The liquid measuring proced- ures used In the 12-month study accountd for 83% of the total liquid applies. On a monthly basU evaporative losses ranged from 9% to 35% of tbe liquid accounted for; and deep toll perco- lation ranged from 16% to JS% of tbe iiould accounted tor, A change .la tbe aprey schedule from B hr per day to 8 hr per turv&Tr* ductlon In the treatment area uiei frojn Juns through September suppressed but did not eli- minate the effect of aummer weather on the ratio of evaporative lossea to runoff. During the 12-month study, evaporative processes ac- counted for 18% of the liquid; 61% returned to the surface stream as runoff: and 21% per- colated through the soil. These value* were ob- tallied during a relatively wet year; therefore. evaporative losses could be expected to be reta- Uvely greater In normal and dry years. (Park- 0300 — Al, Bl, F4 WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LIVE- STOCK OF THE PLAINS STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON BEEF CATTLE, The Ad Hoc Interdisciplinary Committee on Feedlot Pollution of the Research Committee, Great Plains Agricultural Council. The Research Committee by the Ad Hoc Inter- disciplinary Committee on Feedlot Pollution of the Research Committee, Great Plains Agricul- tural Council, July 1969, pp. 1-11, Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'livestock, odor, feed- lots, air pollution, ammonia, sprinkler irriga- tion, lagoon, mlcroblal, bacteria, runoff. Identifiers: 'Great Plains, Composting. Representatives of the ad hoc committee met In Lincoln, Nebraska on February 10 to consider the charge outlined by the Research Committee of tbe Great Plains Agricultural Council: 'to study the scope and nature of current research on problems of feedlot pollution and to develop recommendations for consideration by the re- search committee at their next meeting." The ad hoc committee set up its organization at this meeting, outlined Its procedure, identified sources of its information, and adopted the fol- lowing resolution: "This Committee will be concerned with waste management of livestock of the Plains States with emphasis on beef cattle." At Its second meeting on May 13 and 14, the ad hoc committee reviewed past and current research in tbe United States. It Inven- toried and discussed In detail the relevant re- search activity In tb Great Plains. Problem areas were Identified which, in the Committee's opinion, have special significance for the Great Plains and which appear to require additional research emphasis. This report summarizes the review of the national research effort and com- ments on Its significance to research planners In tbe Great Plains. Current research in tbe Great Plains is outlined. Finally, this report states the Committee's recommendations for re- search emphasis in the Great Plains and for the establishment of a standing commltteee to implement interstate coordination of research in waste management. (Bundy - ISU) 0301 - Bl, F2 STATE AGENCIES REGULATING CONFINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, I. M. Sweeten. Environmental Protection Agency Division of Tcchn.c.1 n,,.~.:— open-File Report (TO 01 0 •State Governments, Regulation, Control, Feed lots. Standards, 'Administrative agencies, Identifiers: 'Regulatory control. State Agencies that regulate livestock feeding operations ind their responsibility with respect to environmental problems are identified. The reader will thus know which agencies should be contacted about establishing a confined feeding operation. improving or expanding existing feeding facilities, and reporting nuisances arising from feedlots. The information was collected by sending a letter to each State solid waste planning agency requesting: (I) the name and address of all State agencies that should be contacted prior to establishing a con- fined feeding operation; (2) the types and limits of control exercised by these agencies. Tbe types of Uiociei «xc.rtjng rejulatory control over animal leedUVI operations uYeach State are summarized in * table. Tbe iviilability of technical assistance in designing feedlot and waste treatment systems is included when specifically mentioned by the respondent agencies. General observations regard- ing nationwide control over animal feeding opera- tions are made, (Bundy-Iowi State) 0302 - A2, A9, C4 SALMONELLA INFANTIS IN CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, Kansas SUM Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Bac- teriology. J. R. Miner, L. R. Pint, and Cheryl PUtt. Applied Microbiology. Vol. 13, No. 3. May 1967, p 627.628,1 tab. 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, • Runoff, 'Pathogenic bacteria. Microorganisms, Cattle, Salmonella, Pol- lutant identification. Identifiers; 'Feedlot runoff, 'Salmonella infantis. Litter. Ten isolates of Salmonella infantis (serologically typed) were found in litter and runoff collected from two experimental feedlots near the Kansas State University campus. Pathogenic implications are discussed relative to recreation water sites. Agricultural runoff maybe a source of viable sal- monellae. (Christenbury-ISU) 0303 - C4 METABOLIC FATE OF UBIQUINONE-7 tola- thu and Identification of Metabolites la the Urine, Liver, Bile snd Fetes, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka (Japan). Biological Research Labs. Takeshi Fujita, Shigeharu Tanayama, and Ziro Suzuoki. Jouin.il of Biochemistry. Vol. 69, No. I, 1971, p tab., 17ref. i i i Descriptors: Radioactivity, Urine, Laboratory tests, Chromatography, Chemical analysis. Chemical properties. Identifiers: 'Ubiquinone-7, Urinary metabolites, Acid Chromatography. The metabolic conversion of methpxy-UC-labeled ubiquinone-7 was investigated in the rat following intravenous injection. From urine two radioactive metabolites were isolated and identified. The major metabolite is a new compound whose structure is 2,3-dimethoxy.5-methyl-6 <3'.methyl)-l, 4- benzoquinone (compound B) whereas the other one is gamma-lactone of 2,3-dimethoxy-J.methyl- 6- (S'-carboxypentyl-S'-hydroxyO'-methyl)-! 4- benzc-quinone (compound A). Compound B ac- counted for about half of the urinary metabolites and compound A a quarter. Both metabolites were excreted as conjugates into urine. About 90% of the hepatic radioactivity was identified as unchanged ubiquinone-7. Chromatographic ex- aminations indicated the occurrence of compounds A and B in bile and feces, presumably as conju- 227 image: ------- gates. The main biotraniformation of ubiquinone-7 was thus proved to be oxidative shortening of the side chain. The chain with 7 iioprenoid units was eventually degraded to 3-carboxy-3-methylpropyl group in compound B via 5-carboxypentyl-3- hydroxy-3-methyl group in compound A, possibly due to Beta-oxidation of the bitter. Metabolic con- version of ubiquinone-7 to- ubiquinone-9 or ubiquinone-IO was not recognized in the present studies. (Hazen-I&U) 0304 - AS, Dl, El STATE OF THE ART REVIEW! TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SWINE WASTES, Mississippi State Univ.. State College, and Soil Conservation Service, New Albany, Mist. Adnan Shindala, and James H. Scarbrough. Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 118, No. 2. p 50- 57, February 1971. 2 fig, 4 tab. 44 ref. Descriptors: *Odor, 'Waste treatment, *Waste disposal. Chemical oxygen demand. Water pollu- tion, Air pollution. Lagoons, Anaerobic digestion. Disposal, Farm wastes, Cattle, Confinement pent. Hogs, Biochemical oxygen demand. Alkalinity. Design criteria. Identifiers: Odor production. Odor control, En- vironmental control. Swine, Characteristics, Load- ing rates. Confinement production of animals yields large volumes of animal wastes which constitutes a tre- mendous oxygen demand on natural streams if not disposed of properly, Animal wastes disposal has become one of the major problems facing the livestock industry today. Among the many com- binations of processes suggested for the treatment of animal wastes, lagooning has received the widest acceptance. The low cost of construction and operation of lagoons has resulted in their wide adoption for the treatment of all types of animal wastes. If properly located, designed, constructed, and maintained, anaerobic lagoons provide the most economical means of treating and disposal of swine wastes. Effluents from anaerobic lagoons are offensive and must receive further treatment. Anaerobic lagoons must only be used as an initial step rather than a complete facility and must be fol- lowed by other means of treatment prior to adequate and safe disposal of the effluents. (Hazen- ISU) 0305 - C3 RETARDING EFFECT OF DESSICATION ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN ORGANIC MANURES, Indian Agricultural Research Imt., New Delhi. Div. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry. R. O. Laura, and M. A. Idnani. Current Science, Vol. 40, No. 7.1971, p 138. I tab, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Drying, Nitrification, Nitrogen com- pounds, Nitrogen. Farm wastes. Identifiers: Anaerobic fermentation, Microbial decomposition. Nitrogen mineralization. Nitrogen in organic manures of animal or vegetable origin is com pie* in chemical nature due to its presence in the form of proteinacedui compounds which are largely insoluble in water. If such nitrogen is to be transformed to mineral forms which are easiy available to plants, the parent materials must be subjected to the agencies of decomposition in the soil. The effect of drying on the quantity of nitrogen mineralized in an animal manure, viz., dung spent-slurry is the object of an investigation. Sun-drying of spent-slurry has drasti- cally reduced the rate of njtrogen mineralization. The reason may be irreversible desiccation of or- ganic colloids of the manure on sun-drying and thus their increased resistance to subsequent microbial decomposition in soil. The conclusion is that apart from the chemical composition of an organic manure, the treatment given to it before applying to soil should also be taken into comideration while evaluating its nitrogen supplying power to growing plants. The practical Implication is that to exploit full potential of the benefits that can be obtained from organic manures, they should never be sub- jected to drying before applying. (Hazen-ISU) 0306 - D4, F5 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FAILURES, Bergen County Sewer Authority, Little Ferry, N.J. Stanley A. Peterson, and Herman R. Zablatzky. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 40, No 4. p 581-585, April 1968.2 fig, 5 tab, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Alkalinity, Lagoons, Hydrogen ion concentration, Waste water treatment. Sludge, 'Sludge digestion. Digestion (Decomposition). Identifiers: Isolation, 'Ammonium alkalinity, Thickeners, Volatile acids, Oas production, Sodi- um hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide. Calcium ox- ide, Oas agitation. Two separate incidents of digester failure are discussed, along with the materials and methods used to help them recover. Parameters of pH, al- kalinity, CO2 content, volatile acids content, and gas production were continuously monitored and that data is presented in graphical form. Under- concentration of feed sludge may lead to failure by the depletion of alkaline buffering materials. Over concentration of feed sludge allows buildup of am- monium alkalinity to toxic levels. One of the essen- tials of good digester maintenance is early diagnosis of problems through close observance of the major parameters. Ideal sludge concentration varies from plant to plant and must be determined by the in- dividual operator. (Lowry-Texas) 0307 - C4 ISOLATION OF GRANULOSIS VIRUS FROM HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA AND ITS PERISTENCE IN ABIAN FECES, Cape Town Univ., (South Africa). M. R. C. Virus Research Unit. HelaOitay. and A. Poison. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 17, No. 2, p 288-290.1971.4 fig. Descriptors: 'Viruses. 'Isolation. Farm wastes. Birds, Laboratory tests. Identifier*: 'Cattle egret, Procedure, Feeding habits. This paper describes the procedures by which a granulosis virus was isolated. Feces of the Cattle egret, Arboela ibis, that feed on the caterpillars of the bollworm and the lucerne caterpillar were col- lected and found to contain intact inclusion bodies of granulosis virus but no polyhedra. The granulosis virus was isolated from the bollworm caterpillars, Heliothisarmigera. (Christenbury-ISU) 0308 - Bl DEEP PIT SLAT-FLOOR BREEDING HOUSE, Roland C. Hartman. Poultry Digest, December 1970. p. 580-583. Fig. 7. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farmwastei, Ventilation, Design data. Identifiers: 'Slatted floor, Evaporative cooling. This is a description of a slatted floor confinement house for poultry breeding flocks. The building has • 6 feet-5 inches ceiling height room above a 6 feet- 0 inch pit, all above ground level. Slats are made of 2 X 4's split to 1 7/8 inches X 1 7/8 inches. Fans draw air from the pit area. The air enters through continuous vent* near the ceiling pasting first through an evaporative cooler made of a fogger and cooling pad. INCHEShese units were built by Pace/Setter Inc. on the high desert near Hesperia, California. (Parker-ISU) 0309 — A5, B1.D2 CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE EX- HAUST ODORS, USDA Agricultural Research Service, George B. Willson. Poultry Digest, p. 332-334, July 1971. 2 tig., 1 tab., 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'odors, 'particle size, air circulation, waste treatment, drying, wetting, air pollution effects, waste. Identifiers: 'Air filter system, water scrubbing, masking agents, ammonia-like odor, respirator. Filtering exhaust air from poultry houses will reduce the odor. Pad-type filters were effective In removing the dust and reducing trie odor, but clogged too quickly to be practical. Baffle impingement filters were evaluated for dust and odor control. The effectiveness of removing the dust and odor was Improved when the vanes were washed clean. The study was conducted at Unlontown, Maryland in three 12,000 bird windowless caged laying bouses. The spray of .8 gallons per minute per hen was required for the best results. The water was recycled through a storage tank to reduce the amount of water required to operate the system. It was concluded that water spray chambers can re- duce substantially the odor exhausted from the building/ Studies also showed there Is not a direct relationship between dust and odor, (Bundy-Iowa State), 0310 - A6, D3 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COLLECTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN CADMIUM HYDROXIDE SUSPENSION, Washington State Univ., Pullman. Coll. of En- gineering. W. L. Bamesberger, and D. F. Adams. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 3, p 258-261, 1969. 2 fig, 3 tab, 11 ref. Grant No. AP- 00215 Division of Air Pollution, U.S. Public Health Service. Descriptors: 'Hydrogen sulfide, 'Oxidation, Chemical reactions. Analytical techniques, Ions, Laboratory tests, Efficiency performance, Colloid suspension, Hydrogen ion concentration. Identifiers: 'Cadmium hydroxide, Absorption solution, Aspirator, Alkaline solutions, Jacobs method. The technique of collecting hydrogen sulfide at ambient air concentrations in cadmium hydroxide suspension, in use for more than 10 years, is re- ported to prevent loss from sulfide oxidation. A comparison of this procedure with bromine microcoulometric titration and with calculations of the anticipated hydrogen sulfide concentrations produced in a laboratory gas dilution system revealed an unpredictable and nonreproducible loss of hydrogen sulfide as high as 80% during col- lection of a 2-hour impinger sample containing cadmium hydroxide suspension. Evidence is given of the photodecomposition of cadmium sulfide in the impinger and techniques are described to reduce loss of sulfide during sampling and storage. The suggested modification provides reproducible hydrogen sulfide recoveries. Reliable quantitative results were obtained. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0311 - AS. D4 WHY STIRRING MANURE REDUCES ODORS, Pennsylvania State Univ., State College. Interna- tional Poultry Industries Exposition. Glenn O. Dressier. Poultry Digest, p 60, February 1971. Descriptors: 'Anaerobic condition, 'Air circula- tion, 'Aeration, Anaerobic condition, Odors, Bac- terial. Drying, Gases, Velocity, Movement, Air pol- lution,'Farm wastes,'Waste treatment. Identifiers: Sewerage gas, Anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacterial action is the orimary cause of the offensive odors in manure. High velocity air cir- 228 image: ------- dilating over the dropping! hinder* the bacterial action and reduce! the odor. However, the high velocity air movement over the manure doei not Mop the bacterial action underneath the surface. To rid the odor producing gate* from forming, the anaerobic bacteria mint be destroyed. By aerating with fam and stirring several times daily, most of the anaerobic bacteria are destroyed. This com- bined operation destroys the odor as well as in- creases the speed of drying the droplet*. (Bundy- lowa State) 0312 - C4 REDUCTION AND ESTERIFICAT1ON Or CHOLESTEROL AND SITOSTEROL BY HOMOGENATES OF FECKS, Moi.jeT.ort Hospital. Bronx, N.Y. R, $. RosenfeU, and L. He|lman. Journal of Lipid Research. Vol 12, Np 2, 1971, p 192-197.4 tab, 23 ref. Detcripton: *Lipid, Microorganisms, 'Wane treatment. Incubation, Aluminum compound, Wutc water treatment, Acida. Identifiers: 'Cholesterol, 'Sitosterol, •Feces. Free iterols. Bile acid, Eitification. Mixture! of cholesterol-1.2-3H and sitosterol 4- 14C have been incubated with sutpenskms of fecei in order to compare the behavior of the phytoiterol with transformations known to take place with cholesterol under tbeie conditions. Within the limitations of the study both labeled iterols were esterified to the same extent, and reduction of the delta 3 double bond to the saturated analogue proceeded equally in both substances. After cor- recting for procedural losses, the recoveries of 3H and I4C from the incubations were always less than the controls; this strongly indicates destruction of aterol by feces microorganisms. (Bundy-lowa State) 0313 - B3, D2 TYPES OF MANURE DRYERS. Poultry Digest, p 338-340, July 1971. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastei, •Drying, Capital investment. Moisture content. Dehydra- tion, "Waste treatment. Identifiers: Rotary dryers. Conveyor dryers. Vibrat- ing conveyor dryers. Vibrating type conveyor, Three paiadrum, 2 stage drying. With the increase in demand for poultry manure drying, several dryers operating on different princi- ples have been put on the market. One type of dryer subjects manure to 1400 degrees of tempera- ture in a rotating drum. Another type dryer uses the conveyor principle. The conveyor-type unit pulls the manure back and forth through a unit with air temperature! of 400 to 600 degrees. A modified version of the conveyor type vibrates. This is a new type expected to be on the market during the summer of 1971. The temperature ranges from 1000 degrees at the start and drops to 400 degrees. A three-pass drum method of drying utilizes hot gas temperatures up to 1800 degrees, and allows 75 feet of horizontal travel in a 25 foot drum. A two stage drying method is being promoted which will reduce the drying cost. The first stage uses mechanical stirrers on the manure aided by a high velocity air current. This first stage reduces the moisture without applying heat to the manure. While the second stage process drys the manure down to the desired moisture content. The two stage process allows more manure to be dryed or allows for a smaller dryer. (Bundy-lowa State) 0314 - A5, A6, C3, C4, Dl GASES AND ODORS FROM POULTRY MANURE: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY, Merck and Co., Rahway, N.J. Quinton Research Labs. W. E. Burnett. Poultry Science. Vol 50, No 1, p 61-63, January 197l.35ref. Descriptors: 'Poultry, *Odor, *Oases, 'Farm wastes, 'Bibliographies, Research and develop- ment. Management. This is a bibliography of 35 articles pertaining to gases and odors from poultry wastes. The articles are grouped into three divisions: (1) The microbiology and chemistry of gas and odor production; (2) Identification and determination of gases and odors; (3) Odor control methods. (Hazen-lowa State) 0315 — A7 IF COW MANURE BREAKS DOWN DDT. ... R. C. Hartman. Poultry Digest. March 1971. pp. 109. Descriptors: 'DDT, Farm wastes. Poultry. In- secticides. Identifiers:* Decomposition, DDT, build-up. Cow manure reportedly breaks down DDT In the soil in a tew weeks. The question Is raised as to whether poultry manure will work as well. Studies need to be made to determine whether It is necessary to use fresh poultry manure to degrade DDT, or whether processed manure can do the same Job. (Hazen—Iowa State) 0316 - AS, A6, A9, C5 EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON THE PIG, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, Wopster. Dept. of Agricultural Engineer- ing; and Ohio Agriculture Research and Develop- ment Center, Wooster. Dept. of Animal Science D. P. Stombaugh, H. S. Teague, and W. L. Roller Journal of Animal Science, Vol 28, 1969 o 844- 847. 2 fig. 2 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Hogs, *Ammonia, Air pollution, •Air pollution effects, Toxicity, Ventilation, Farm wastes, Confinement pens. Odor, Gases, Growth rates, Laboratory tests. Identifiers: 'Response, Anhydrous ammonia. Feed consumption, Fe*d efficiency. Concentration. Ex- posure time. Duroc pigs were subjected to four levels of am- monia air contamination. Ammonia concentration had a highly significant adverse effect upon feed consumption and average daily gain. There was no significant effect upon efficiency of feed conver- sion. Corynebacterium and Pastcurella were iso- lated from the ethmoid turbinatcs of two animals, otherwise all gross, microscopic and bacteriologi- cal observations were unaffected by ammonia con- centrations. Frequency of coughing was increased in animals exposed to the higher ammonia levels. (Hazen-lowa State) 0317 - AS, A6, A9, Dl °F ODOROIJS Litton Systems, Inc., Bethesda, Md. Environmental Systems Div. Ralph J.Sullivan. Available from the National Technical Information Service as PB-1 88089, $3.00 in paper copy/$0 95 in microfiche. September 1969. 245 p, 3 fig 444 ref. Contract No PH-22-68-25. 8 Descriptors: »Odor, 'Air pollution effects, 'Clas- sification, Air pollution, Air environment. Pollu- tion abatement. Costs, Property values, Farm "^^ Theoretical *«>**><*, Identifiers: »Odor perception, 'Sources, Detector, Nose. Description, Characteristics, Intensity, Ac- ceptability, Public opinion. Allergies. Offensive odors provoke people into complaining about air pollution. They may cause both mental and physiological effects such as nausea, headache, loss of sleep, loss of appetite, impaired breathing, and in some cases, allergic reactions. The most of- fensive odors come from Kraft paper mills, animal. rendering plants, chemical plants, petroleum refineries, diesel engines, sewers and sewage treat- ment plants, and metallurgical plants. The most generally accepted method for abating most odor pollution problems is incineration. Other methods of control include: adsorption, chemical scrubbing, containment, process changes, and masking or counteracting the odors. The cost of abatement de- pends on the odor pollution problem and the source. The human nose is the only reliable odor detector. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0318 - A2, A4, C3 RUNOFF, SOLID WASTES. AND NITRATE MOVEMENT ON BEEF FEF.DI.OTS, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebr.; and Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. C. B. Cilbertwn.T. M. McCnll*. J. R. Ellis. O. E. Cross, and W.R. Woods. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 43, No 3, Pan 1, p 483-493, Mar 1971. 11 p, 2 fig, 6 tan, 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution sources, 'Path of pollutants, 'Confinement pens, Runoff, Water quality. Nitrates. Groundwatcr, Sur- face waters. Water pollution. Industrial wastes. Identifiers: 'Feedlot wastes. A study of the effect of feedlot slope and cattle densities on the quantity and quality of runoff resulting from rainstorms and snowhielt, the downward movement of pollutants into the soil profile on unpaved feedlots, and the amount of solids accumulation on the feedlot surface revealed that feedlots with 18.58 sq m/head yielded 5.6 met- ric tons dry matter/day/ha, whereas those with 9.29 sq m/head yielded 7.6 metric tons/day/ha. Feedlot slope had little effect. About 30 percent of the solids were volatile. Runoff quantity and quality de- pended more on rainfall than slope or cattle densi- ty, but high-density lots yielded 130 to 170 percent more winter runoff than low-density lots. Winter runoff averaged 6.2 to 17.A metric tons/ha-cm, with about 50 percent volatile. Nitrate movement in soil after I yr was minimal. (Knapp-USGS) 0319 - D4, El FARM WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.C. Dale. Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University, AE-80, Feb 1971. 10 p,*l tab. 5 fij, 34 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Lagoons, *OiMation lagoons. Aerobic condi- tions, Anaerobic conditions. Algae, Organic matter. Volume, Drying.Odor, Nitrogen, Aeration, Hog*. Cattle, Poultry, Research and development, Soil, Soil contamination. Identifiers: 'Disposal systems, 'Land disposal. Ox- idation ditches. Aerated lagoons. Composting, Re- fccding. Anhydrous ammonia, Watte characteriza- tion. In this publication the present available alternatives for animal waste disposal and criteria for selection of these methods are presented. A brief literature review tells of research being done in all areas and aspects of animal waste disposal. Land disposal still remains the most suitable and most widely used disposal method. Research indicates that approxi- mately 2SO pounds of nitrogen can be added to each acre of soil without unduly polluting it. Other methods of disposal discussed are aerobic, anaero- bic, and mechanically aerated lagoons, as well as oxidation ditches, composting, and drying. Recom- 229 image: ------- meVdations are made for the chemical treatment of animal waste* to reduce odors while spreading. (White-Iowa State) 0320 - F3 AGRICULTURAL WASTE IN AN URBAN EN- VIRONMENT. New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force. Proceeding! of the Conference, 'Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment,' Atlantic City, New Jersey, Sept 14-17, 1970. New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force. 256 p. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Water pollution con- trol, 'Environment, Watte disposal. Cities, Grants. Research and development. Legislation, Communi- cation, Poultry, Cattle. Odor, Lagoons, Aeration, Nitrogen, Moisture content. Aeration, Costs, Sewage, Agriculture, 'Waste water treatment, Waste treatment. Identifiers: 'Urban environment, Land-Grant Col- leges, Funding, Public relations, Refeeding, Land disposal, Research needs. Biological systems, Waste handling. Research funds. Recycling. The groundwork for the conference 'Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment,' wai laid several years ago when the New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force was formed. Since its forma- tion the Task Force has moved in four directions in an effort to find a solution to the agricultural waste problem. These have consisted of studying current laws, making maximum use of available methods of disposal, utilization and odor control, encouraging research, and informing the public of the issues. The conference was based on these four ap- proaches. Various resources available to deal with the problem were brought together and, con- sequently the attitude of people of all levels of the economy, both rural and urban, was determined; additional resources were discovered; new interests were created; better communications were established; the latest technology was reviewed; and a plan of action was developed. A resolution passed by the delegates calls for a national con- ference on this matter by appropriate Federal offi- cials. The main purpose of the conference was to find a way for rural and urban communities to develop their economies and reach their full poten- tials without becoming a nuisance to each other. (White- Iowa State) 0321 - AS, D4, F5 WASTE DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION. POULTRY PROCESSING, Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. Engineering Waste Disposal Plant. Rowland Retrum. Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 64-75, Sept 14-17,1970. 13 tab. 5 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, Water pollu- tion, 'Waste water disposal, Sewage, Odor. Biochemical oxygen demand. Organic matter, An- nual costs, Aeration, Aerobic treatment, Anaero- bic digestion, Lagoons. Dissolved oxygen, Conden- sers, Incineration, Drying. Identifiers: 'Poultry processing, Solids, Rendering plants, Odor control. Chemical scrubbing. By- products. It is the author's intention to attempt to define the problem of waste disposal and pollution with respect to poultry processing, to describe efforts now being made toward solution, to review cost ef- fects, and to indicate promixing directions for ac- celerated investigation. The problems considered as the major pollution problems are feather litter, water pollution, sewage treatment odors, and rendering odors. Costs and other data are com- puted for an 80,000 bird per day broiler processing plant with a small associated rendering plant. Sug- gestions arc made for decreasing the total waste load while increasing income. Systems for reducing the odor from both sewage treatment and render- ing plants are explained. The odor problem is com- plex and there are no pat solutions. Any solution will be expensive. (White- Iowa State) 0322 - Fl, F3 FUNDING FOR AGRICULTURAL WASTE RESEARCH, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. N.C.Brady. Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 89-98, Sept 14-17,1970. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Research and develop- ment. Environment, Agriculture, Water pollution. Foods. Domestic wastes, Industrial wastes, Proper- ties, Waste disposal, Grants, Population, Legisla- tion, Education, 'Costs. Identifiers: 'Research funds. Agricultural waste problem, Environmental quality. Intensive animal agriculture. Three basic assumptions are made on which to establish a common ground. First the agricultural waste problem is serious. Secondly, agricultural waste problems are not extensions of those waste problems facing municipalities and industry. Thirdly, the solutions to the agricultural waste problem require knowledge that we do not now have. These assumptions lead to the fact that research and adequate funding are badly needed. The following are avenues that could be developed far solving agricultural waste problems in an urban environment: (I) Agriculture and its related indus- tries must sec environmental pollution as a major threat to themselves; (2) Agriculture should work closely with state and Federal legislators to obtain funding for direct application to State Experiment Stations and USD A research agencies; (3) Greater coordination between agencies is needed so that a larger proportion of the Federal Water Quality Ad- ministration's research funds can be used for animal waste studies; (4) We must not ignore the possibilities of reorienting research funds already available, and; (5) The training and education of professionals in agricultural waste management is needed. (W hite-lowa State) 0323 — BI, CI, D2, El AGRICULTURAL WASTE RESEARCH NEEDS, Cloisterdale Farms. Inc., Ephrata, Pennsylvania. Glenn H. Herr. Proceedings of the Conference, "Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment," New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, September 14-17, 1970. p. 109-117. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'poultry, 'liquid wastes, 'moisture content, volume, odor, ultimate disposal, toxldty, lagoons, sprinkler Irrigation, pumping, annual costs, research and develop- ment. Identifiers: '"Shud," community relations, liquid handling, hauling. A poultry manure disposal method Is explained which Cloisterdale Farms in Pennsylvania is presently converting to. With 360.000 hens and 35-40 tons of manure to dispose of daily, a liquid system consisting of lagoon, Irrigation and hauling was soon found inadequate. One house was then converted to a semi-dry system in which "rakes" and airflow convert the 70- 75% moisture raw waste Into a 28-35% moisture product. Its advantages include easier handling. little or no odor, no restrictions on seasonal disposal, DO great labor problem, and some as yet un-established value. Remodeling and opera- tional costs are given. It Is felt that a sizeable volume of funds is needed to support practical research in the waste disposal area. (White- Iowa State). 0324 - El DISPOSAL OK SOLID AGRICULTURAL WASTES - CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and Agricultural Engineering. Raymond C. Loehr. Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 126-134 Sept 14-17, 1970. 12ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Research and development, Waste disposal. Drying, Dehydra- tion, Incineration, Beneficial use, Environment, Water pollution. Temperature, Moisture content. Odor, Feeds. Identifiers: 'Research needs, 'Land disposal,Com- posting, Refeeding, Pyrolysis, Utilization, Waste management. The slate of development regarding suitable disposal methods for agricultural solid wastes is in an embryonic stage. A variety of techniques are possible but little information exists on the broad applicability of the techniques or on the detailed design and use parameter for the techniques with these wastes. Because of technical or economic dif- ficulties, composting, drying and dehydration, in- cineration, and pyrolysis have not found wide ap- plication for animal solid wastes. Refeeding and land disposal offer the greatest opportunities for satisfactory disposal of animal wastes in the near future. The important research needs in the area of animal waste disposal include: (1) more thorough investigation of promising techniques, (2) utiliza- tion of non-traditional concepts, (3) evaluation of feasible disposal methods as part of animal produc- tion operations, (4) more and detailed cost infor- mation, and (5) broad interdisciplinary approaches and studies. (White-Iowa State) 0325 - E3 RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTES IN THE SOIL, Rutgers-The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Charles H. Reed. Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 135-139, Sept 14-17, 1970. 2 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biodegradation, Waste disposal, Water pollution, Nitrogen, Nitrogen compounds. Nitrogen cycle. Research and development, Conservation, Soil, Environ- ment, Agriculture. Identifiers: 'Recycling, Utilization, Biological systems. Materials balance. The survival of man depends upon the intelligent use of agriculture with its inumerable physical, chemical and biological systems and cycles. The author emphasizes that all biodegradable organic wastes could and should be recycled and utilized by natural biological systems on specialized sites or farms. The ability of soils to filter and degrade or- ganic wastes and immobilize potential pollutants is widely recognized. Plants are among the best known converters of nitrogenous compounds to non-pollutional materials. A figure depicts the nitrogen cycle and how organic wastes are recycled >by the soil. A chart is presented showing a program for recycling biodegradable wastes. To achieve this objective an interdisciplinary approach must be taken, which will necessitate much research requir- ing many tax dollars. (White-IowaState) 0326 - F4 AGRICULTURAL WASTE RESEARCH NEEDS, Rutgcrs-The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J Dept. of Agricultural Economics. George W. Luke. 230 image: ------- Proceedings of the Conference, 'Agricultural Waste in an Urban Environment,' New Jersey Animal Waste Disposal Task Force, p 140-141 Sept 14-17, 1970. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, * Environment, Water pollution, Grants, Population, Surveys, Waste disposal. Volume, Odor, Livestock, New Jersey. Identifiers: * Waste handling. Masking agents. En- vironmental quality, Residential areas. Aided by a grant from the State Department of Health, the Department of Agricultural Economics conducted a survey of livestock enterprises in four agricultural counties in New Jersey to determine the volume of waste, the methods of handling waste, the cost of waste disposal, the attitude of far- mers toward the problem of animal waste, and the location of farms relative to residential areas. The results of this survey are given and evaluated. Between 600,000 and 1 million tons of waste are produced and disposed of in the four counties an- nually. The typical method of disposal it on the land. Because the farms are small and confine only small numbers of animals, the threat to environ- mental quality is minimal. The closer to residential areas the more meticulous the farmers are in han- dling waste. Public agencies seeking to maintain environmental quality should consider educational programs emphasizing the most acceptable prac- tices for the average size livestock farm. (White-Iowa State) 0327 - E3 RECYCLED POULTRY NUTRIKNTS, Michigan Since Univ.. East Lansing. Dcpl. of Poultry Science Howard C. Xindcl. Poultry Digest. Vol .111 (.LSI). M»y 1971. p 231- 233. 2 lab. Descriptors: 'Cycling nutrients. Kami wastes. Poultry, 'Waste treatment. Waste disposal. Diets. Identifiers: 'Dried poultry waste. Recycled nutrients. The text gives results of tests in which dehydrated poultry manure was incorporated into livestock feed. The feed WOK given to while leghorn chickens. beef ealllc, sheep, dairy cuttle, young ealves. and goats. Tests on turkeys are just getting started. Three testa on chiekenn given control ration*. 23* DPW (dehydrated poultry waste), and 12.3% DPW, gave the following results in production: 74.5*, 71.9%. 71.0% respectively. The conclusion ii that the problem of smelly wnte is eliminated, a valuable ingredient ii gained which release* com and corn protein for other world uses, the cost per dozen egg* or pound of gain b reduced, and an easy-to-handle fertilizer product (5-3-1), organic in nature and readily usable ii obtained. (Hazen-Iowa State) 0328 - C5 EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACVCLINE FEED- INC ON BOVINE RUMEN MICROORGANISMS, Washington State Coll., Pullman. Dept. of Bac- teriology. R. E. Hungate, D. W. Fletcher, and I. A. Dyer. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 14, I95S, p 997- 1002.1 fig, 3 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Ruminants, 'Feeds. Laboratory letts. Fermentation, Inhibition, Methane bacteria. Microorganisms, Pollutant identification. Water pollution effects. Identifiers: Manometric experiments, Chlortetra- cycline feeding. Manometric experiments of short duration were employed to measure the total ferpientation products of rumen contents from chlortelracycline- fed and control animals, both in the presence and absence of additional chlotetracycline. Inhibition by added antibiotic was greater in the control animals, indicating that calortelracycline feeding had altered the composition of the rumen microbial population. Methane production was diminished by the added chlortetracycline but this was probably a secondary result from inhibition in the production of the intermediates, hydrogen and formate. The potential for microbial activity in the rumen con- tents from chlortctracycline-fed steers was about the same at in the controls. The rumen micro-or- ganisms appear to be somewhat more sensitive to chlortelracycline than to streptomycin. (Hazen- Iowa State) 0329 - D2, F5 DISPOSAL OF HATCHKKV WASTES. Harruld's Hatchery, Inc.. Wintcrville.Gu. Tom Harrold. Poultry Digest. Vol. Ml (.1511, May 1971, p 250- Dcscriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Poultry. 'Waste treatment. Incineration. Temperature, Disposal. Identifiers: 'Hatchery waste disposal. A description in given in this text of a method of waste disposal which reduces waste to 39t of the original and produces a product desired by gardeners. This method is incineration. Five design criteria arc given in considering incinerators for use in disposal of hatchery wastes. They are (I) burn- ing area; (2) operating temperature: (3) tempera- ture control; (4) refractory materials; (5) stuck. Maintenance of an incinerator is minimal und the incinerator produces no odur and no smoke. The powdery aah. composed mainly of calcium and magnesium, produced is in demand by gardeners. (Haxen-Iowa Stale) 0330 - C4, D4, E2 CONFINED SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL, Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dcpt. of Civil Engineer- ing. Robert A. Bella. Master of Science Thesis, 1968. IS7 p, 37 ft* 47 ref. OWRR Project A-OI1-KAN (2). Descriptors: *Farm wastes, *Pigs, Aerobic condi- tions. Oxygen requirements, Wane water treat- ment. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical ox- ygen demand, Hydrogen ion concentration. Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Swine wastes, 'Oxidation ditch Rotor capacity. The object was the evaluation of an oxidation ditch for the treatment of swine manure. The oxidation ditch was constructed as part of the foundation for each building. Slotted floors permitted the manure to discharge directly from the animal into the treat- ment unit. Data were collected at weekly intervals from September, 1966 to August, 1967. The data indicated that the oxidation ditch could treat swine manure without odor nuisances. These units were able to reduce the soluble BOD to less than 10 mil- ligrams per liter with a total effluent BOD of about 1,200 milligrams per liter. The effluent also con- tained considerable salts in addition to the suspended solids. It was necessary that the treated effluent be discharged into cultivated fields rather than being discharged into the adjacent drainage ditch. A holding pond was used to store the discharge of the treated effluent prior to spreading on nearby fields. (Miner-IowaState) 0331 - Bl, D4 DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE, Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dcpt. of Agricul- tural Engineering. Curtis A. Johnson. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 8, 1965. p 110-112. 3 fig, II Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Septic tank. Poultry, Fertilizers, Economics, Aesthetics, Effi- ciencies. Dusts, Evaluation, Value, Lagoons, Water pollution, Odor, Pumps, Methane, Anaerobic digestion, Aeration, Effluent, Recirculated water, Irrigation, Aerobic treatment. Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: 'Scraper. 'Dairy cattle, Manure production, Effectiveness, Push-button operation. Potential, Fly production. Appearance, Noise, Aerobic pond. Decomposition, Population equivalents, Agitation. Heated septic tanks, adapted to rccircutation of ef- fluent, hold promise for efficient fluid handling of manure and other dairy wastes with minimum tabor costs and reasonable structural costs. Effluent from a three chambered, heated septic is pumped to manure gutters behind specially designed stalls. The effluent provides enough pressure to force a scraper the length of the gutter, thus pushing the accumulated manure to the septic tank. General design criteria are given. An evaluation scale is developed for qualitative evaluation of various manure handling systems. (White-Iowa State) 0332 - B2 HOW WE HANDLE LIQUID MANURE, Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 109, November 25,1965, p 1254-1255.1280-1281.14fig, 1 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Cattle, 'Storage tanks. Slurry, Costs, Volume, Age, Construction, Moisture content. Odor, Pumps. Electric power. Impellers, Nutrients, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. 'Liquid manure system, Free stall housing. Agitation, Tank spreader. Fly breeding. Five top dairymen are interviewed about their liquid manure handling systems. All incorporated storage tanks, and disposal on land with tank spreaders. Different types of agitation and pumping methods are explained. The systems ranged in cost from $3250 to $7800. or from $35 to $52 per cow. This included storage tank, agitation and pumping equipment, and tank spreaders. Several spent up to $6600 for concreting the barnyards. The tanks varied in capacity from 18,000 to 75,000 gallons, and were emptied as often as once a week to once every two months. The need for added moisture is discussed as well as fly and odor problems. Some disadvantages are given, the major one being the high capital investment. (White-Iowa State) 0333 - D4 AEROBIC DIGESTION (COMPOSTING) OF POULTRY MANURE, A. Livshutz. World's Poultry Science Journal, Vot 20, 1964. p 212-215. I fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Aerobic treatment, Aeration, Plastics, Plastic pipes, Width. Depth, Length, Volume, Pressure, Moisture, Tem- perature. Aerobic bacteria. Oxygen, Odor. Hydrogen ion concentration, Moisture content. Compaction. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Composting, 'Windrow method. Plastic sheets. Pressure blower, Forced-air system. Decomposition, Fly breeding, Carbon-nitrogen ratio. Oxidizing atmosphere. The article describes a windrow method of cdm- posting in which a pressure blower forces air through lateral 3/4 inch diameter pipes. The pipes have four rows of about 15 holes, each one to two mm. diameter. The windrow, up to 50 meters long and 3 meters wide, is covered with a plastic sheet. Nine advantages of the aeration system are given. The plastic covering may eliminate turning of win- drows, by preventing the upper layers of the com- posting material from drying out. The carbon- nitrogen ratio should be around 25-30:1 with a pH of about 7. Optimum moisture should be about 50 231 image: ------- per cent. After about two weeks of composting, de- pending on the material and climatic conditions, the manure is sterilized, odorless and dry and can be used profitably for agircultural purposes. (White-Iowa State) 0334 - D4 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS FROM LAGOONS USED FOR CATTLE, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. S. A. Witzel, Elizabeth McCoy, and Richard Lchner. ASAE Paper No 64-417. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol 8, p449-451,1965. 1 fig, 16ref. Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Biochemical px, ygen demand, • Anacrobics, Algae,Bacteria, Wajcf pollution sources. Odor, Farm waste. Sludge, Solid wastes. Decomposing organic matter, Lagoons, Cattle. Identifiers: Organic nitrogen, Bacteriological study, Acrobicity. ' An experimental lagoon to receive the wastes as liquid manure from six bulls was constructed. In an experimental barn the manure from the bulls was washed daily into two gutters 24 in. wide at the top. The gutters had a capacity of 2000 gallons. The gutters were flushed every seven days into a lagoon, The circular lagoon had a 60 ft diameter at the lop, a 40 ft diameter at the bottom and was 5 ft deep. Liquid manure samples were taken from the barn gutter and from the lagoon manure liquid and sludge. BOD tests were conducted on all samples and the percent BOD reduction from gutter to lagoon was calculated. Other test* were made to determine percent total solid* removal, organic nitrogen content, pH values, and temperature. E>- tvnsivc tests were made and reported on bacteria content, both quantitative and qualitative. Five conclusions of the study are mentioned. (Parlur- lowa State) 0335 - B2, El EQUIPMENT FOR DISPOSAL OF AGRICUL- TURAL EFFLUENTS, , National Agricultural Advisory Service, London (England). C.Culpin. Chemistry and Industry, p 330-33), February 29, 1964. 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastn, 'Disposal, Effluents, Slurries, Storage tanks, Silage, Distribution, Methane, Mixing. Distribution systems. Sprinkler irrigation, Pumps, Labor, Odor, Waste disposal, Waste water treatment. ' Identifiers: Agitation, Vacuum pumping, Tanker. Types and quantities of manure and other effluents are described, as well as systems and equipment for their disposal in Britain. Different storage methods and meant of agitation or mixing are described. Four distribution systems are discussed. These in- clude either some type of sprinkler irrigation or a tank wagon method. Labor requirements for both distribution methods, as well as future prospects are given, (White-Iowa State* 0336 - A6, A9, B2 DISPOSAL OF FARM EFFLUENT, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheriei and Food, Nor- wich (England). Veterinary Investigation Center. E. A. Gibson. Agriculture, Vol 74, 1967, p 183-188. Descriptors: •Slurries, 'Farm wastes, •Salmonella, Cattle, Hop, Infection, Incubation, Diseases, Gases, Hydrogen lulfide, Ammonia, Carriers, Waste water treatment, Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Disease hazard, Anthrax, England, johoes disease, Avian tuberculosis, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella lyphimurium. The possibility of spreading infection by the use of slurry manure disposal techniques is discussed. It is well known that many infections of farm live-stock are spread in their excreta. Little ii known about the effects of such spread as slurry on the land, but under certain circumstances, the use of these systems could increase the disease hazard. Sal- monella infection and Johnes disease are discussed In this respect, and anthrax and avian tuberculosis are mentioned more briefly. It is suggested that ef- fluents thought to contain salmonella should not be put on (he pasture or fodder crops that will be used for caale or sheej) within six months. The tame prfuutjun »pphe» to .Jojmes disease, except that fof> jujjf up b> til nu>ptj)« Plfil. fot period should be f xt«ndcit Iff l*«|VJf months. These figures may need 10 pe redwd f» further knowledge and experience ii gained. The nun-infectious hazards to animal health include the liberation of toxic gases when slurry is agitated or emptied. (White-Iowa Slate) 0337 - .81, 01. El, Fl A REVIEW OF. POULTRY WASTE DISPOSAL POSSIBILITIES, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lon- don (England). C.T.RiJey. Water Pollution Control, Vol 67, No 6, p 627-631, 1968. 5 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: "Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, •Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Costs, Waste identification, Drying, Land use, Aeration, Load- ing, Odor. Identifiers: 'Poultry waste disposal, 'Bod/food in- take relation. * Waste storage, 'Chemical and physical properties (Waste), Heat drying, Nitrogen. Phosphorus, Potassium, Pasvecr ditch, Bubble-gun installation, Processing stations (Poultry), Deep litter and broiler houses. Inedible by-products, Shock load- Waste disposal problems in the poultry industry. contemporary poultry practice pnd related developments in agriculture arc discussed, and trends considered. Th« main types of waste are analyzed; wattes from laying hens has higher NPK values than any other Agricultural waste. A Na- tional Agricultural Advisory service (NAAS) sur- vey emphasized the'luck of knowledge, high cost of waste disposal to egg producers and social effects of. the current tendency tu increase livestock num- bers-, and, (due to transportation costs) to group ..production unils near centers of consumption. Analyst* is made of waste quantities and the cncmi- cuJ and physical properties of the waste. A reliable tiirreUuiqn appears to e»ist in BQD/food intake relationship: Settling difficulties in treatment urc noted. The relationships between disposal practices und land.use* are examined. The major problems arising from traditional methods of disposal are analyzed, especially the storage und heal drying phases. Traditional methods of sewage treatment no longer appear suitable for poultry wastes. The 'Pusveur dilch' or 'bubble-gun type of installation may he more suitable; however, the hijfh concen- tration of waste remains a problem. The treatment and disposal of wastes from deep litter and broiler houses is troublesome mainly if local accumula- tions become too large. This type of waste has the highest nitrogen content of all agricultural wastes. (D'Arczzo-Tcxas) 0338 - D4f E4 DIGESTION TESTS OF LIVESTOCK WASTES, California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Samuel A. Hart. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 33. No 6, June 1963. p 748-757.7 fig. 2 tab. II ref. Descriptors: 'Farm waites, 'Poultry, 'Cattle, •Sludge digestion, Stabilization, Hydrogen ion con- centration, Alalinity, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen, Carbon, Or- ganic matter, Sewage, Odor, Gases, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Volatile acids, Digesters, Gas production. A laboratory test on the digestion of chicken and dairy manures indicates the following: (I) Both chicken and dairy manure would be stabilized satisfactorily in high-rate digesters equipped with adequate sludge-mixing equipment. (2) Dairy manure, because of its high iignin content, will ef- fect organic matter destruction of only 10-15 per- cent. (3) The destruction of volatile matter ex- pected from digesting chicken manure closely ap- proxirrtates that of' njjupjcipjs/ sludge digestion. (4) Operatjonaj parameters of pH, iljjulinity, volatile acids, and the effect of temperature follow those expected for municipal sludge digestion. (5) Although nitrogen levels of chicken manure are high, digestion does not cause loss of nitrogen, but rather, through destruction of organic matter, it is concentrated to 8 or 9 per cent in the digested sludge. (6) BOD and CQD are best expressed in terms of O2/mg VS for the high solids content of manures and manure sludges. (7) COD on a mg O2/mg VS basis increases upon digestion since digestion is a reducing reaction. (8) In total, digestion appears to have merit for stabilizing chicken manure. Consideration would still have to be given to final disposition since digestion does not destroy the waste. (White-Iowa State) 0339 - B2 FLUSHING AWAY MANURE PROBLEMS, Hog Farm Management, Minneapolis, Minn. Cliff Johnson. Hog Farm Management, Vol 8, No I, p 23-25 and 68, January 1971. 7Tig. Descriptors: 'Recirculated water, • Disposal, Farm wastes, Reclaimed water, Lagoons, Hogs, Odor, Labor, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Flushing gutters, Oxidation ditches, Siphon mechanism. Swine, Collection, Automatic dosing siphon. The flushing gutter system being experimented with at Iowa State University is described. Two variations of the flushing technique, one utilizing a solenoid flushing mechanism and the other a siphon mechanism, have been studied. In the First case, water fills an overhead tank which trips the solenoid causing a plug to lift and thus discharging the tank's content!. For the siphon system, a tank is fitted with 2 1/2 in. N-shaped trap pipe underneath. As the tank Tills with water, enough water pressure is built up to force the tank's contents down the pipe into the gutter. The water is discharged rapidly (ISO gal. in 62 sec.) through the 2 1/2 in. pipe. Because of the water's force as it is flushed, no dung in left in the gutter after flushing. The gutter is flushed three times per day. Advantages of the system include (I) reduced ventilation require- ments, (2) less odor, (3) better feed efficiency, (4) no ga» problem, and (5) no labor involved in manure removal. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0340 - E3, Fl FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANO WITH CHICKKN MANURE, California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Agronomy. Cyrus M. McKell, Victor W. Brown, Robert H. Adolph, and Cameron Duncan. Journal of Range Management, Vol 23, p 336-340, 1970. 2 fig. 6 tail, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Grasslands, 'Farm wastes. Fertilizer*', Costs, Range management. Cost-benefit analysis, Crop response. Phosphorus, California, Proteins, Waste water treatment. 232 image: ------- Identifiers: 'Chicken manure, Payability, Range- land fcrtili/er. Where annual range lands arc close to the source of supply, fertilization with chicken manure appears to hold considerable promise in improving the production of forage for grazing. Fertilized polls were ready to be used earlier in forage of a higher quality and palaUbility. Protein and phosphorus were significantly higher in forage from fertilized pints. Fertilizer value of chicken manure is equal to equivalent rates of commercial fertilizer. There ap- pears to be a slower release of fertilizer elements from chicken manure than from inorganic fertil- izer. Annual forage legumes do not appear to benefit initially from the application of chicken manure. In subsequent years following fertilization, the legumes appear to thrive on the increased level of available phosphorus. It was profitable for range- land operators to fertilize with poultry manure pro- vided they could get it for $3.10 to $4.35 per ton applied. An average of 1,600 pounds of extra feed was obtained for each ton of manure. (Christcnbu- ry-lowa State) 0341 - A3 AGRICULTURE AND THE PREVENTION OF RIVER POLLUTION, AS EXPERIENCED IN THE WEST OF SCOTLAND, Clyde River Purification Board (Scotland). F.J. Little. Journal Proceedings of the Institute of Sewage Pu- rification, 1966, p 452-454. I tab. 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution sources, F.fflucnts, Cattle, Poultry, Hogs, Sheep, Rivers, Silage. Biological treatment. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Scotland, Dairy cattle. Silage liquor. Sheep dips. Remedial action, Extended aeration, R ivers (Scotland) Act 1951. Different types of polluting effluents in Scotland are discussed, and what action has been taken to prevent river pollution. Agricultural effluents can be divided into three groups - animal, vegetable, and chemical, of which animal effluents pose the greatest problem. Dairy waste is the most prevalent effluent, while beef, sheep, hogs and poultry play a minor role. Biological treatment here is in the ex- perimental stage. Silage liquor has presented a problem due to its high BOD. Chemical effluents result from the use of sheep dips, herbicides, fertil- izers, bactericides, and dairy detergents. Problems arise from careless use of equipment rather than in- tentional discharges. The problems tif disposal are complex and require the patience and understand- ing of both farmer and the general public. A discus- sion follows the paper. (While-Iowa State) 0342 - C5 IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHEMICALLY- TREATED FECES, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. Animal Science Research Div. L. W. Smith, H. K. Goering, and C. H. Gordon. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 31, No 6, p 1205- 1209, December 1970.4 tab. 16 ref. Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Chemical degradation, Farm wastes, Ruminants, Fermentation, Cellulose, Costs. Alkalis, Waste treatment. Identifiers: 'Chemically-treated feccs, Cell wall, Microbial responses, Oxidants. Chemical treatment is a mean: for enhancing the digestibility of the indigestible plant cell wall residues in ruminant feces. Enhanced digestibility was ascertained with detergent solubility methods and in vitro rumen fermentation were obtained through dried chemical degradation of meicellu- losc, cellulose, and lignin and also through increas- ing the accessibility of the remaining cell wall for ruminal microbiul fermentation. Chemical treat- ment of indigestible alfalfa or sudax fecal cell walls resulted in greater than 90% digestion (chemical degradation and microbial digestion). This experi- ment was designed to point out some of the condi- tions required for maximum chemical hydrolysis and maximum cell wall utilization. Whether or rot these conditions can be approximated in feeding trials remains to be demonstrated. (Christenbury- lowa State ) 0343 - A2, A9 W.COglesby. Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician, Vol 59, p 1 72- 1 74, February 1 964. 4 ref. Descriptor*: 'Salmonella, •Cattle, Antibiotics, Temperature, Animal diseases, Stagnant water, Mud, Waste treatment. Diseases, Public health, Water pollution effects. Identifiers: *Feedlot, Diarrhea, Salmonella ty- phimunum, Necropsy, Medication, Nitrofurazone. An epizootic of a severe respiratory-enteric syn- drome appeared in a feedlot operation of 1,000 head of cattle. Salmonella typrumurium was iso- lated from the organs of 5 carcasses, 3 fecal specimens, and from mud in a waterhole from which the animals drank. Correction of hygienic conditions, electrolyte supplementation. sulfathuzole medication in the drinking water, and intravenous antibiotics gave only mediocre response. Individual dosing with a nitrofurazone preparation and addition of nitrofurazone to drink- ing water was successful in eradicating the disease. 0344 - B2, B3. Fl THE COLLECTION OF MANURE FROM HOUSED LIVESTOCK, West of Scotland Agricultural Coll., Glasgow (Scotland). Dcpl. of Farm Buildings. R.J.Forsyth. Journal and Proceedings of the Institution of Agricultural Engineers, Vol 2 1 , p 1 29- 1 3 3, 1 965. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Water pollu- tion control. Sludge, Storage capacity, Storage tanks, Waste dilution. Construction materials Costs, Slurries, Sluice gates, Electric power costs, Rotors. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Oxidation ditch. Slatted floors. The paper describes collection and handling methods for dairy manure in Scotland. Parlor systems are scarce because of their large bedding requirement. Slatted floors in conjunction with free housing systems has proven highly satisfactory. Dif- ferent slat types arc discussed and evaluated. Under slat tanks or channels arc described as well as criteria for dilution, storage capacity, and sluice gates. The possibility of using the Pasvcer oxidation ditch is introduced us a result of stringent pollution regulation. Design and costs for the oxidation ditch arc presented. A discussion follows the paper (White-Iowa Stale) 0345 - A3, A9 BOVINE SALMONELLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTAMINATED CREEK WATER AND HUMAN INFECTION, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Coll. of Veterinary Medicine. C. M. Hibbs, and V. O. Foltz. Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician. Vol 59, p 1 153-1 IJS.November 1964. 6 ref. Descriptors: •Sewage, 'Salmonella, Cattle, Sewage bacteria. Water pollution effects, Streams, Infec- tion, Public health. Diseases, Waste treatment Identifier!: Human infection, Nicropsy, Diarrhea, Salmonella typhiinurium, Bacteriolonc examina- tion. Water samples. A case of Salmonellosis in calves, which may have been associated with human infection, is discussed. Salmonella typrumurium was isolated from two calves, creek water and one human. Though the ongin of the infection was not specifically deter- mined, the findings indicated that untreated house sewage may have been the source. The seriousness of water pollution and some of its ramifications are evident. An education program on water pollution is recommended. (White-Iowa State) 0346 - D4 LAGOONS FOR LIVESTOCK MANURE, California Univ., Davis. Samuel A. Hart, and Marvin E. Turner. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 37, No 11, November 1965, p 1578-1596. 5 tab, 6 fig, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Cattle, •Hogs, 'Lagoons, Stabilization, Biochemical ox- ygen demand. Anaerobic conditions. Sewage, Aerobic conditions. Odors, Volume, Sludge, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium. Chemical ox- ygen demand. Ammonia, Physical characteristics. Chemical characteristics. Hydrogen ion concentra- tion, Alkalinity, Scum, Color, Opacity. Earth-water interfaces, Infiltration, Anaerobic digestion, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Loading rates, 'Physical appearance, Surface area. Total solids, Volatile solids. Volatile acids. Fly activity, Crusting, Pilot lagoons. Materi- als balance, BOD reduction, Sludge seed. The need for more closely controlled tests of a laboratory type concerning livestock manure la.-xms prompted this study. Eight concrete ringed pili-. lagoons four feet in diameter and seven feet were used in the experiment. The units were fed poultry, dairy and cattle manure during the two year test. Chemical and physical properties were monitored weekly and are presented in tabular form. Infiltration from the packed earth bottom was considerable. This hampered the accurate determinations needed for a materials balance. Ap- pearance, odors, and fly activity were noted. A sec- tion tells how to use the knowledge gained from the experiment. It is felt that with proper construction, property loading rates, and proper operation. lagoons can be expected to be satisfactory. (White- Iowa State) 0347 - D4 AEROBIC PURIFICATION OF FARM WASTE, Riikszuivel Agrarischc Afvalwatcr Dicnst, Arnhem (Netherlands). H.M.J.Scheltinga. Journal Proceedings of the Institution of Sewage Purification, p 585-588,1966 I fig, 4 tab. 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Biological treatment, Anaerobic digestion. Activated sludge, Rotors, Nitrogen. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand. Foaming. Nitrification, Costs. Effluent, Laboratory tests. Ammonia, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Loading rates. Reten- tion time. Model tests, laboratory investigations, and finally a lull scale field experiment with oxidation ditches were carried out in Holland, where an effective and economical waste treatment system is being sought A 50 per cent BOD reduction was obtained using anaerobic decomposition in the laboratory. Initial and final characteristics of the pig waste are given before and after treatment in the oxidation ditch Foaming was excessive from the start Nitrification played an important part in eliminating the am- 233 image: ------- 0348 — A8, B3 BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL IN DEEP PITS, Poultry Digest, P. 25, January 1971. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'biological treatment, iarm wastes, disposal, Identifiers: 'Fly control, fly breeding, deep pit. Though fly control Is one o£ the reasons {or building deep pit poultry bouses, some operators nave bad serious fly problems when bouses were put into operation. Later, U the manure is not too wet, parasites and predators tttat are natural enemies of flies become established. "Flies were noticeably less of a problem la many deep pit -cage houses this past year," observed •Maine's Timely Topics' tor November, 1970. "Flies have been controlled with aprays and/or baits. However, many deep pit cage house own- ers got by last summer with little or no spray- ing. In all cases, the houses were two, three or more years old." When tt becomes necessary to remove manure, a partial cleanout Is pre- ferable. Leave behind some of the fly's natural enemies. (Christenbnry-Iowa State). 0349 — Bl, E2 MAX1-MDCING FOR MANURE DIS- POSAL, Poultry Digest, p. 12. January 1971. Descriptors; TJlspasal, farm wastes, poultry, pollution* Identifiers: 'Composting, Maxi-mJxlng. When a Connecticut poultryman was confronted with a large quantity of manure and small acreage, he mixed soil into the manure with a bulldozer. The result was a composted mixture In a few months, according the Connecticut In a few months, according to the Connecticut Poultry Notes. Haxl-mbdng Is the term used to describe this disposal system using a maxi- mum amount of soil. Monitoring and further research are being- conducted to establish limits before pollution and plant toxldty occur. Heavy application of animal manure to land can cause nitrate and nitrite levels In water high enough to be hazardous to humans and ruminants. (Cbristenbury-Iowa State) 0350 — A3, A8, Bl, C5 SCHEDULE MANURE REMOVAL TO AVOID FLY BREEDING, 'California University, Riverside. Eobert H. Adolph. Poultry Digest, p. 29, January 1971. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'poultry, California, anaerobic conditions, odors. . *• Identifiers: 'Ply breeding. Because January to June in California is the peak period for fly breeding, Dr. Andrew Deal. University at California,. Riverside, advises against removal of manure from poultry houses during that time, You are much better protected from fly breeding buildup if the manure can be kept dry. Wet manure is conducive to fly breeding and the generation of putrid odors. image: ------- Identifiers; Tank trailer, capacity, plow, solids content, plow furrow cover, auger agitator. The author reports on a research project to ex- plore the feasibility of disposing of poultry ma- nure in plowed furrows. A 750 gallon tank trailer was equipped with an auger agitator operated by an engine, and a center rear spreader and chute. The chute was changed to the front so the operator could see and control the amount of poultry manure, at 22% solids, deposited in the bottom of a furrow. Further refinement re- sulted In pulling the trailer behind a single bot- tom mounted plow, This achieved the objective of depositing the manure in a previously plowed furrow • covering the manure and opening the next furrow In one operation. At present a scheme Is being devised to mount tiie plow on the tank trailer. (White-Iowa State). 0357 - Bl MECHANICAL CLEANING OF COWSHEDS, Agricultural Land Service, Leeds (England) J. N. Addison. Agriculture, Vol 77, No 11, November 1970 D 534-536. ' v Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Cattle, On-site data collection, Age, Costs, Specifications, Depth Width, Length, Slopes, Ponding, Maintenance" Waste water treatment. Identifiers: "Dairy cattle, 'Mechanical cleaners, •England, Continuous type, Shuttle type. Cow sheds, Blades. Twenty-one cowsheds on eighteen farms were sur- veyed to establish the extent to which mechanical channel cleaners had been installed, their age, con- dition, costs, and reasons for their installation in the first place. Problems with the mechanical cleaners are discussed as well as design specifica- tions. The cost per cow of the shuttle type cleaner was found to be about 21 pounds and that of the continuous type 18 pounds. (White-Iowa State) 0358 - C2, C3, Dl TREATMENT OF FARM EFFLUENTS, Water Pollution Research Lab., Stevenage (En- gland). A. B. Wheatland, and B, J. Borne. Chemistry and Industry, February 29, 1964, p 357. 362. 5 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Hogs, 'Waste water treatment, Surface runoff. Volume, Water pollution, Biochemical oxygen demand. Cooling water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Effluents, Sewage, Filtration, Irrigation, Farm ponds, Silage, Organic matter, Biological treatment, Septic tanks. Identifiers: 'England, 'Dairy cattle, Pollutional strength, Milking parlors, Permanganate, Recircu- lation, Land disposal, Soakaways, Chemical treat- ment. Sources, volumes, and strength characteristics of farm effluents are discussed. A major portion deals with dairy and waste water effluents, coming from milking parlors and holding pens. Chemical and physical properties are listed in tabular form. Hog wastes and silage liquor are mentioned briefly as ef- fluent sources. Treatment methods discussed in- clude disposal on land, discharge to a sewer, biological treatment, septic tanks and chemical treatment. Disposal on land may be accomplished by use of tankers, soakaways, or irrigation. The use of storage ponds facilitates the latter. (White-Iowa State) 0359 - B2, D4, Fl WHIPPING THE MANURE PROBLEM, Alan Linn. Farm Quarterly, Winter 1966-1967, p 56-59 113- 116. 4 fig, 2 tab. ' Descriptors. 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Oxidation 'Aerobic bacteria, Labor, Odor, Fertilizer, Value, Organic matter. Carbon dioxide. Water, Nitrogen Ammonia, Nitrites, Nitrate., Phosphorus Potassi- um, Hydrogen sulfide, Methane, Anaerobic bac- teria, Aeration, Design standards, Volume depth Foaming, Dispersion, Costs, Submergence! Biochemical oxygen demand. Oxygen, Tempera- ture, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Paddle wheels Agitation, Circulation, Batch system, Continuous system, Paddle wheel diameter. Slatted floors. The oxidation ditch is described as an important new breakthrough in manure handling. Advantages of the oxidation ditch include savings in labor, han- dling manure as a liquid, elemination of almost all odor, and the preservation and concentration of fertilizer nutrients. Basic design standards are given for the ditch and paddle wheel. If the ditch is managed on a continuous basis, 1 1/2 percent of the ditch volume can be added as manure daily. General management requirements and costs are included. The paddle wheel with a I 1/2 to 3-hp motor costs about $600. The ditch walls can be in- corporated into the building's foundation Esti- mated power costs are about $1.00 per hog and $8.20 per 1000 pound dairy cow per year. Many changes in confined livestock production through ""of,tne oxidation ditch are contemplated. (White-Iowa State) 0360 - C4, D4 TOE BACTERIAL POPULATION OF AN IN- DOOR POULTRY LAGOON, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Agricultural Experiment Station; and Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept. of Microbiology; and Loui- siana State Univ.. Baton Rouge. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering; and Louisiana State Univ.. Baton Rouge. Dept. of Poultry Science. Leon J. Cabes Jr., Arthur R. Colmer, Harold T. Barr, and Benjamin A. Tower. """" ""' " ' 1,No l,p54-63,1969.: Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Oxidation Noon, Microorganism,. E. cofi. Aeration, Sampling. Conforms Bacteria, Pathogenic bac- ™Perature> "y^0*8" '<»> concentration, Identifiers: •Laying house. •Bacterial counts, En- terococci. Suspended solids, Manometric studieT The study was concerned, first, with the enumera- rZ'l± Ml??VIaild edification of the predomi- nant bacterial flora of an indoor poultry waste sta- ofSl 'a?T and.«ec«»<»y. »ith revaluation ?n .hi H.? i°.determine the «*•«*"«• most active m the degradation process. Thelagoon consisted of a pit 3 feet 6 inches deep x 13 feet wide x 88 feet te'l ™ '•Wr which meiBured 14 feet * 100 feet. The standard plate counts of aerobic or- ganisms present in the waste water of the lagoon SWT* 'm tabular form- Total «**. pH«"3 BOD reduction data are also presented. The lagoon was aerated with 200 feet of perforated pipe Jnkh feed 4 cfm of air at 15 psi. It is felt that additional State) U°ni mlght "* instituted- (White-Iowa 0361 - E3 VALUE OF i Illinois Univ., Urbana. B. 0. Harmon, A. H. Jensen, and D. H. Baker f Anilnal Science' Vo1 29' No '• P 136- Descriptors: •Nutrients, Farm waste, Feeds, Value ' Amino Identifiers: 'Excreta, 'Swine, Feed value, Oxida- tion-ditch, Rats. promote aerobic digestion was studied as a source of nutrients. In four growth trials 132 weanling rats were used to study the nutritive value of ammo acids and energy contained in the oxidation-ditch residue (ODR). The digestible energy decreased linearly as ODR was added to the diet (Christen- bury-Iowa State) 0362 - C4 DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA IN FECES OF SWINE, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Gloria D. Rail, Arietta J. Wood.R. B. Wescott, and A. R. Dommert. Applied Microbiology, Vol 20, No 5. p 789-792 Nov "JS'l^fc,2 fy 12 ref- Public Health Service grants RR-00390 and RR-00285. Descriptors: 'Bacteria, 'Distribution, Farm wastes, Patterns, Microorganisms, Pollutant identification. Identifiers: 'Fecal samples. 'Swine. Freauencv. Distribution. samples, 'Swine, Frequency, A new technique is described for evaluating bac- terial cell distribution in fecal samples. Spatial rela- tionships of cells within an area rather than number of cells per unit volume or weight are measured by this technique. Measurements of cell distribution by this method indicated that bacteria occurred in freshly voided swine feces as pure, discrete colo- nies rather than as single cells distributed randomly or uniformly throught the sample. (Christenbury- lowa State) 0363 - C2, C3, AS ODOR TRANSPORT BY PARTICULATE MATTER IN HIGH DENSITY POULTRY HOUSES. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science. William E. Burnett. Poultry Science, Vol 48, No 1, p 182-185, 1969. 1 fig, I tab, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor, Gas chromatography, Volumetric analysis, Volume, Filters, Nitrogen, Organoleptic properties, Ventila- tion, Pollutant identification. Air pollution, Pollu- tion abatement. Identifiers: 'Paniculate matter, Odor transport, Odor panel, Volatiles, Concentrations, Odoriferous components. The report investigates the concentrations of air- borne paniculate matter in a high density poultry house and the role of paniculate matter as an odor transport mechanism. Paniculate matter collected by high volume samplings, of a commercial poultry house atmosphere revealed that the particulates had a 'chicken house' odor. Gas chromatographic analyses of the volatiles carried by the particulates revealed the presence of a number of individually odoriferous compounds. Large quantities of par- ticulate matter are probably expelled from poultry houses by ventilation fans. Whether paniculate matter plays a significant role in ambient odors from poultry houses should be investigated since the paniculate! represent a retentive source of odors. (White-IowaState) 0364 - D2 °N - °f y D. W. F. Shannon, and W. O. Brown Poultry Science, Vol 48,p 41-43. 1969. 1 tab,3ref. Was!f8>. *Poultry- . ' Freeze image: ------- from samples of fresh excreta differing in dry matter and nitrogen content. The samples were dried under the following conditions - feeze drying, vacuum drying at 40C and drying in forced-air ovens at 60C, 1OOC, and 120C. Nitrogen of the un- dried and dried excreta was determined by the con- ventional Kjeldahl method. The mean results often energy determinations (%) on fresh excreta sam- ples A and B were 804,753,2.51 respectively. The energy losses are in agreement with other authors. From the results of the experiment, the drying tem- perature should be chosen depending on whether the energy or nitrogen content is more important. In the determination of metabolizable energy, then the method giving lower energy errors would be used. (White-Iowa State) 0365 - Al. F4 AGRICULTURE FACES NEW CHALLANGES IN CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISES, Department of Agriculture, Washington, O.C. Science and Education. Ned D. Bayley. Water and Wastes Engineering. Vol 7, No 11, p F- 14 - F-16, November 1970.4 fig. Descriptors: Farm wastes. Water, Water resources, Pesticides, Salinity, Sediments, Water pollution control. Fertilizers, Planning. Identifiers: Soil spoiler. The responsibility of agriculture in enhancing the quality of the environment is colossal. This is because agriculture, including forestry, involves more natural resources than any other segment of society. Wise planning in the use of land, water, chemicals, and waste disposal techniques must be demanded, and it must be done now. This paper outlines some of the problems and difficulties en- countered in dealing with agricultural pollutants. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0366 - B2, D4, E2 LIQUID HANDLING OF POULTRY MANURE, Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. Curtis A. Johnson. ASAE Paper No NA 64-501. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol 8, p 124-126, 1965. 2 fig. 1 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Liquid waste, 'Order, 'Septic tanks, •Water reuse. Farm waste, Sludge disposal, Poultry, Ammonia, Disposal, Design criteria. Cost comparisons. Effluents, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Recycling, Liquid-manure handling. Ammonia odor, Congdon system. "This article describes an integrated system concept for liquid manure handling of waste produced by laying hens in conventional commercial cage units. The bird droppings in this unit collect in 8 inch deep, 44 inch wide troughs formed on original floor with 4 inch thick concrete blocks. The lower end of each sloped trough is closed with a 2 inch x 6 inch board. These boards are removed to empty the troughs into a 24 inch by 24 inch trench running across the end of the building below floor level. This sloping trench empites into a 12 inch diameter plastic pipe which conveys the waste to an un- derground septic tank. From the third compart- ment of this three-compartment tank the effluent is pumped hack into the laying house to hydraulically clean the troughs beneath the cages. The effluent becomes increasingly concentrated. The effluent is periodically pumped onto forest land and the sludge is 'batch1 handled. This manure system pro- vides: (I) Easy manure handling, (2) Few moving parts (3) Little ammonia odor, (4) Low water usage, (5) Simple manure disposal. f6) Low-cost pit cleaning. (Parker-Iowa State) 0367 - C3, C5 NITROGEN AND AM1NO ACIDS IN THE FECES OF YOUNG PIGS RECEIVING A PROTEIN-FREE DIET AND DIETS CONTAIN- ING GRADED LEVELS OF SOYBEAN OIL MEAL OR CASEIN, GuelphUniv. (Ontario). Dept. of Nutrition. Kathleen H. Carlson, and H. S. Bayley. Journal of Nutrition, Vol 100, No 11, p 1353-1361, 1970. Stab, 3 fig, 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Amino acids, 'Proteins, •Diets, Farm wastes. Hogs, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Young pigs, Protein-free diets. Casern, Soybean oil meal. Thirty-two piglets were weaned at 14 days of age and received a nutritionally complete diet; at 20 days of age they were allocated to either a protein- free diet, or diets containing 7, 14, or 21* protein from either soybean oil meal or casein. Feed con- sumed between 21 and 31 days of age w»s mea- sured and the feces voided were collected. The n- butyl-N-trifluoroacetyl esters of the amino acids in hydrolysates of feed and fecei were separated by gas-liquid chromatography. The amounts of fecal nitrogen and of each of the 13 amino acids of metabolic origin were calculated directly from the observations made on the protein-free diet and in- directly by regression analyses of the outputs of the piglets receiving the diets containing graded levels of protein. The metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion determined directly (111 mg. N.IOO g. feed con- sumed) agreed more closely with other published values than the indirect estimates obtained by regressions. The direct values were used in calcu- lating the corrected digestibilities of the nitrogen and of the amino acids in the two protein sources. The corrected digestibilities of the nitrogen and amino acids in the casein were very high (97 • 100%), but were lower for the soybean meal. There were significant differences in the corrected digestibilities of the individual amino acids in the soybean oil meal, which ranged from 82% for alanine to 93% for glutamic acid. The level of in- clusion of casein did not influence the corrected digestibilities of the amino acids, but increasing the level of soybean oil meal in the diet caused a signifi- cant reduction in the corrected digestibilities of isoleucine, leucine and praline. (Christenbury- Iowa State) 0368 - Bl, El AGRICULTURE WASTE RESEARCH NEEDS, Cloisterdale Farms, Ephrala, Pa. Glenn H. Herr. Compost Science, Journal of Waste Recycling, Vol 11, No 5, Sept-Oct 1970, p 8-11. 4 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, 'Disposal, 'Prying, Odor, Costs, Equipment, Aeration, Lagoons, Irrigation, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: SHUD. Neighbors. The author is responsible for disposal of 17,000 plus or m inus tons of raw waste annually from a lay- ing hen complex of 360,000 hens. Their problems incidental to poultry 'SUDD' were: first - volume accumulation of shud within houses, second -com- munity relations - odor primarily; danger of soil and water pollution secondarily. Third - ultimate disposal, and, finally fourth - the unknown factor of the possibility of, or the effect of, gas tpxicity to the chickens and humans. Some of their attempted and/or considered methods for disposal were the use of: (I) lagoons; (2) irrigation; (3) sewage treat- ment plant; (4) incineration; (5) burying; (6) haul- ing and spreading; future consideration: (7) semid- rying; (8) possible dehydration - which might lead to: fertilizer products; re-feeding; or some other uses. Their conclusion was that liquid handling would not be the long range answer to their problems. They concluded that some method of dry or semi-dry procedure must develop as their solution and as an industry solution. Mr. Herr describes the system of drying the manure in place and the cost of disposal of the simi-dried (30%) SHUD. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0369 - D4 ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF SWINE EXCREMENT, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. O. E. Cross, and Alvaro Duran. Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Paper No 2531.Transactions of the ASAE, Vol 13, No 3, May 1970, p 320-322.11 fig. 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Laboratory tests, •Anaerobic digestion, 'Hogs, Anaerobic condi- tions, Temperature, Sludge, Biochemical oxygen demand. Hydrogen ion concentration, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Swine, Loading rates. Volatile solids. Detention times, Digesters. This paper presents a laboratory analysis on the anaerobic digestion of swine excrement as affected by temperature and loading rate. The tests were run for 15 days. The experiments were conducted using ambient temperatures of 50,70, and 90 F. at three loading rates. The loading rates were 3.2,1.6, and 0.8 g. of volatile solids per liter of digester volume per day. Volatile-solids content was deter- mined daily during a 15-day test period. Moisture content, total solids, fixed solids and pH were also determined daily. A 5-day BOD test was per- formed. None of the experiments reached equilibri- um; however, it was possible to detect a tendency of the system to approach equilibrium or to ap- proach failure. The results showed that for a load of 0.8 g. at all temperatures the system indicated suc- cess in the digestibility of the organic matter. At a load of 3.2 g. at 70 F and 50 F the system tended toward failure. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0370 - C3, E3 EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS IN ANIMAL MANURES, California Univ., Davis. J. L.Abbott, and J.C. Lingle. Soil Science, Vol 105, No 3, p 145-152, 1968. 3 tab, 5 fig. 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Phosphorus, Water pollution effects, Nutrients, Organic matter, iNitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Soil temperature. Plant growth. Identifiers: 'Animal manure. Available phosphorus, Plant response. Steer, dairy, sheep, and poultry manures, and slfal- fi supplemented with monocaloftim phosphate added to two slightly acid soils at the rate of 50 ppm. total P and supplied plant-available P to two successive crops - turnips and tomatoes. Dry- weight yield and total P in the tissues provided data for evaluating plant-available P in the manures. In the Sierra sandy loam at the medium soil tempera- ture, uptake of P by turnips was greater from the sheep, poultry, and alfalfa plus PO4 treatments than from the dairy minure treatment. In the Gridley clay loam at 15 deg C. soil temperature, uptake of P by turnips was greater from the poultry manure treatment than from the other treatments. Soil temperature had no measurable effect on the availability of manurlal P to tomatoes. At all soil temperatures, P-solubilizing processes, including mineralization of the organic P in both soils and amendments, appeared to contribute to the P ab- sorbed by plants. These processes appeared to con- tinue during the second cropping period, notably at the low (20 deg C.) soil temperature, after having been previously cropped for 5 weeks and incubated 236 image: ------- for 3 weeks at 13 deg C. Manures yielded more available P in the Sierra than in the Gridlcy toil. From theie data, the HOAc-ioluble:nontoluble P ratioi of manure! could not be said to have in- fluenced the availability of manurial P to plants. On an equal dry-weight basis, the overall effectiveness of manures in supplying available P depended on their respective total P contents: poultrySsheepSs- teer — dairy. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0371 - B2, E2 THIN SPREADING OF SLURRIED MANURES, California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Samuel A. Hart. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 7, 1964, p 22-28. 9 fig, 3 tab 21 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurry, "Drying, Cat- tle, Hogs, Poultry, Moisture content, Viscosity, Pumps, Bulk density, Volume, Nitrogen, Odor, Or- ganic matter. Carbon dioxide, Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: "Spreading, "Thin . spreading, •Fluidization, Liquefaction, Solids per cent, Fly breeding, Slump, Layers, Layer thickness. Surface area. The purpose was to determine how thick a layer of manure could be spread, day after day, layer upon layer, and still prevent fly breeding or other sanita- tion problems. Chicken and dairy manure was fluidizcd to 10 to 20 percent solids, and then spread in layers on two sets of six plots. The six plots in each series were dosed with increasing thicknesses of manure: from 1/25 to 1/4 inch for the chicken plots; 1/20 to 3/10 inch for the dairy plots. A specific plot received the same dose at each of the 47 applications. At a solids content of 85 percent, fly breeding was prevented. A significant amount of organic matter is lost during drying and storage, the loss being related to the moisture content of the plot. One-half of the nitrogen originally present in the manure is also lost. The land area needed for cumulative layering is not large - less than 200 sq. ft. per cow and I sq. ft. per chicken. Odors can and do occur in manure thin spreading, but can be minimized by layering of fresh manure only (White-Iowa State) 0372 - A2, A4, Cl, Dl, El DRAINAGE AND POLLUTION FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and Agricultural Engineering. Raymond C. Loehr. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division ASCE, Vol 96, No SA6, p 1295-1309, 1970. 4 fig' I tab, 26 ref. Descriptor!: 'Drainage, 'Water pollution, 'Cattle, Runoff, Groundwater, Nutrients, Biochemical ox- ygen demand. Rainfall, Chlorides, Nitrogen, Am- monia, Phosphates, Chemical oxygen demand. Acid*, Water pollution sources. Water pollution ef- fects. Bacteria, Retention, Waste disposal. Management, Water pollution control. Identifier!: 'Feedlots, Animal production, Cattle wastes, Volatile acids, Land application. The specialization of the livestock production in- dustry established the trend of confinement feeding and increasing animals per feeding operation. Un- controlled waste discharges from these operation! are a source of water pollution by excessive nutrient!, microorganisms impairing recreation waters, impurities in groundwater, contaminants that complicate water treatment, and dissolved ox- ygen depletion causing fish kills. Runoff from concrete surfaced feedloti contain! higher organic matter and nitrogen concentration! than runoff from uniurfaced. Groundwater contamination from nitrates ia significant during and after the lot life. Absorption of ammonia volatilized from cattle feedloti can contribute to nitrogen enrichment of surface waters in their vicinity. In the midwest and southwest, retention ponds with controlled discharge and retention-evaporation pondi can provide satisfactory control and treatment. Ap- proved facilities in Kansas include runoff diversion retention ponds for all waste water and runoff con- tacting animal wastes and application of both liquid and solid wastes to agricultural land. Enclosed housing beef cattle production will minimize con- 0373 - A8 ARTHROPOD PREDATORS OF IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY DROPPINGS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA: PART I, California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Entomology and Parasitology. John H. Peck, and John R. Anderson. Journal Medical Entomology, Vol 6, No 2, p 163- 167, May 31,1969. 4 tab, 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Diptcra, Farm wastes, Biocontrol, Sampling, California, Seasonal, Mosturc content, Animals, Mites. Identifier!: 'Arthropod predators, Fly control, Filth flics. Cohabitation, Poultry droppings. Preda- tory fauna, Coleoptcra, Enumeration. Arthropod predators occurring in manure at 2 Sonoma County, California, poultry ranches were identified and studied. Seasonal abundance and as- sociation with prey were determined for the follow- ing major predators: Macrocheles muscaedomesticae. Glyptholaspis confusa, Fuscuropoda sp., Carcinops pumilio, Margarinotus merdarius, Philonthus politus, P. sordidus, Staphylinus maxillosus villosus, Mussina stabulans, and Ophyra Icucostoma. (White-IowaState) 0374 - A8 ARTHROPOD PREDATORS OF IMMATURE DIPTERA DEVELOPING IN POULTRY PARTIINGS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA: California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Entomology and Parasitology. ' John H. Peck. Journal Medical Entomology, Vol 6 No 2 o 168- 171, May 31,1969. 4 tab, 15 ref. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Diptera, California, Seasonal, Predation, Mites, Mortality, Insect egos Larvae, Light, Farm wastes. Identifiers: 'Arthropod predators, Predation potential. Media cohabitation, Pupae, House fly eggs, Variance, Poultry droppings. The feeding responses of 3 species of predaceous Staphylinidae and 2 species of predaceous Histeridae were studied by exposing them to eggs larvae and pupae of Musca domestica and Fannia femoralis. Studies of age-of-prey specific predation by M. muscaedomesticae on immature M. domestica showed that most mortality was inflicted on eggs and first instar larvae. Predation rates were determined for the above and 6 other predaceous species; the following indices of predation potential were computed for the 5 most abundant predators Fuscuropoda sp. (adults) - 3.5, Glyptholaspis con- fusa females - 4.4, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae female; - 95.8, Carcinops pumilio (adults) - 97.0, and Ophyra Icucostoma L3 - S 226.4. The potential importance of the above predators is discussed with reference to their seasonal and media cohabitation with various prey species. (White-IowaState) 0375 - A2 RURAL RUNOFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM POLLUTION, Riibcrl A. Tuft Sanitary tinginccring Center, Cln- cinniiii.Ohio. Cincinnati Water Research l.ab. R. H. Wcidner, A. Ci.Christiansnn.S, R. Weihel and (i.G. Robcck. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 41, No 3, p 377-3H4, March HIM. 10 tab ft fio 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, *Watcr pollution, Farm wastes, Storm runoff, Water quality, Acre- age, Cultivated lands. Grasslands, Pastures. Forests, Urbanization, Land use. Nitrogen. Phosphorus, Soil erosion. Watersheds. Physical characteristics. Slopes, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Mulching, Flow measurement, Sampling, Flumes, Conforms, Precipitation, Rainfall intensity, Time, Corn, Regression analysis, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Chemical oxygen demand. Identifiers: Soil characteristics, Measuring flume. The results of this work indicate that rural runoff is a factor in stream pollution and that it must be con- sidered when one evaluates the quality of any stream or receiving body of water. However, there also must be an awareness that there are some means available for reducing this pollutional load. This study showed that, despite an increase in the amount of fertilizers and manure applied under im- proved practices, there was a marked decrease in the amount of pollutional load that came from these watersheds as contrasted to the load from watersheds using prevailing practices. Runoff, soil loss, and microbial densities were considered. (White-Iowa State) 0376 - C4 EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ISOLATING SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY LITTER AND ANIMAL FEEDSTUFFS. Massachusetts Univ. Amhcrst. Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. C. K. Smyser,andG. H. Snoeyenbos. Avian Diseases, Vol 13, No I, p 134-141, 1969. S tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Salmonella, 'Poultry, Bacteria, Farm wastes. Microorganisms, By-products, Incubation, Sampling, Frequency. Identifiers: 'Poultry litter, 'Feedstuffs, Enrichment broths, Selenite broth. Animal by-products. Feed mills, Rendering plants, Tetrathionate broth. Sig- nificant difference, Proteus. A comparison of several different culture procedures for Salmonella isolations, using selenitu-brilliant grccn-sulfapyridine (SBG sulfa) and tetrathionate brilliant green (TBG) as en- richments was made with 198 litter samples of which 161 were positive by one or more methods, and with 371 animal feedstuff samples of which 111 were positive by one or more methods. All en- richments were streak-plated after 48 hour incuba- tion. SBG sulfa incubated at 43C was superior to SBG sulfa at 37C, and to TBG at 37C with or without pre-cnrichmcnt for the isolation of sal- monellac from poultry litter and animal feedstuff!. Significantly more samples of animal feedstuffs yielded salmonellae from SBT sulfa at 43C than from the other two media. More salmonella colo- nies and fewer competing organisms were usually obtained on BG agar plated from SBG sulfa at 43C than from either SBG sulfa at 37C or TBG. SBG sulfa appeared to be a more favorable enrichment medium than TBG for isolating S. senflenberg; dift ferences in the number of isolations among several other serotypes were too small for comparison (White-Iowa State) 0377 - E2 ANDECRore? °RGANIC MANURES ON SOILS Reading Unh. (England). Dept. of Agricultural A. H. Bunting. 237 image: ------- Proceedings Nutrition Society, Vol 24, No 1, p 29- ii, 1965. 4 tab, 14ref. Descriptors: 'Soils, "Crops, 'Organic matter. Fer- tilizers, Farm wastes. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potas- sium, Crop production. Nutrients, Wheat, Potatoes, Sewage sludge, Calcium, Fertility, Tem- perature, Moisture content, Soil structure. Identifiers: "Farmyard manure, "Organic manures. Mineral fertilizers, Sludge compost, Minor ele- ments. The paper reports on the effects organic manure, and especially farmyard manure, has on different soils and crops. The effects of organic manures on cropn are often important, but they arc largely as- sociated with changes in the supply of nutrients. However, there is good evidence that on some spe- cial soils, they have special effects on crop growth. The paper then focuses on changes which take place in the soil as a result of organic matter addi- tion. Moisture content and soil structure are must particularly affected. (White-Iowa State) 0378 - D4 TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK WASTE - A LABORATORY STUDY, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Sanitary En- gineering; and Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. A. Jeffrey, W. C. Blackmail, and Ralph Ricketts. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 8, No I, 1965, p 113-117,126. 6 fig, 5 tab, 17 ref. , Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Lagoons, "Anaerobic digestion, "Hogs, Aerobic treatment, Lagoons, Cattle, Sheep, Aeration, Sludge, Domestic wastes, Hydrogen ion concentration, Digestion tanks. Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen de- mand, Waste dilution. Nitrification, Manometers, Design standards, Design criteria. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: "Aerobic lagoon. Agitation, Volatile solids. Total solids, Beuch scale aerators, BOD/COD ratio. Detention time. A study was made of the aerobic and anaerobic digestion characteristics of livestock wastes. The results obtained in the hog waste digestion studies are compared to design criteria for domestic sludge digestion units. Design loading conditions and water requirements are calculated for using an anaerobic lagoon for treating hog wastes. Design requirements for an aerobic lagoon are also in- dicated. It is concluded that disposal of hog wastes by use of aerobic lagoons is prohibitive because of the large requirements of both water and land area. The use of anaerobic lagoons is feasible, but it is ac- companied by the problem of eventually having to dispose of the accumulated digested sludge. Future studies should be made on the operation of series lagoons. By using the first lagoon for settling and as an anaerobic lagoon, the area requirement of the second to serve as an aerobic lagoon would be greatly reduced, perhaps to the point of practicali- ty. (White-Iowa State) 0379 - D3, E3 A REPORT ON THREE MANURE COMPOST- ING PLANTS, Public Health Service, San Francisco, Calif. John S.Wiley. Compost Science, Vol 5, Summer 1964, p 15-16.3 fig. Descriptors: "Farm wastes. Public health, Cattle, Poultry, Organic wastes, Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic conditions, Mositure content, Aeration. Odor, Pathogenic bacteria. Screens, Nitrogen, Am- monia. Identifiers: "Composting, "Aerobic decomposi- tion. Nuisance, Fly production. Windrow compost- ing. Rotary drum compoiter, Soil conditioner. The article describes three manure compelling plants which process manure in a sanitary, economical manner and use the product as a'soil conditioner. One plant treats a mixture of feedlot manure from 5300 steers and meat packing wastes in long windrows which are turned six times during the six week composting period. The other two plants treat poultry manure in rotary drum corn- posters. Each of these two plants treats wastes from one million birds. The compost is sold as a humus plant food. The three plants are interesting at- tempts to process manures in a sanitary manner and to utilize the resulting product for the benefit of the soil. (White-Iowa State) 0380 - E2 TWO BILLION TONS OF - WHAT, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. Livestock Engineering and Farm Structures Research Branch. Harry J. Eby. Compost Science, Vol 7, p 7-10, Autumn 1966. 2 fig- Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Volume, "Organic wastes. Domestic wastes, Cattle, Poultry. Nutrients, Value, Organic matter, Topsoil, Turf, Water pollution. Percolation, Fertilizers, Filters. Identifier!: "Waste production, "Crass belts, •Composting, Population equivalent, Land disposal. Pollution control. The author advocates managing our millions of tons of organic waste, both farm and municipal, in such a way that grass belts would be planted along the borders of streams and rivers. The organic wastes would be worked into these areas in large quantities to improve the quality of the soil. His proposal is based on three factors: (I) Soil with a high organic content holds more water than soils with little organic content. (2) Incorporating or- ganic matter into a clay soil improves its percola-. tion rate as well as its water-holding capacity. (3) Soil is a good bacterial filter. Thus the grass belts would act as a means of stream and river pollution control. The author feels that more research is needed to find components of manure which would have continuing industrial or commercial applica- tions. Examples are given illustrating the mag- nitude of the animal waste disposal problem. (White-Iowa State) 0381 ~ D4 WASTES FROM PIG PRODUCTION UNITS, Tay River Purification Board (Scotland); and North of Scotland Coll. of Agriculture, Aberdeen. Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit. R. A. Pontin, and S. H. Baxter. Water Pollution Control, Vol 67, No 6, 1968, p 632-638.4 tab, 4 fig, 11 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Hogs, "Activated sludge. Foaming, Freezing, Rotors, Effluent, Biochemical oxygen demand. Odor, Construction, Rubber, Linings, Recirculated water. Operations, Slurries, Sludge, Dissolved oxygen. Costs, Aera- tion, Water pollution. Public health. Lagoons. Anaerobic digestion, Filtration, Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: "Oxidation ditch. Slatted floor, Primary ditch, Secondary ditch, Suspended solids, Layout, Rubber sheeting. Continuous operation, Intermit- tent operation, Land disposal, Composting, Ex- tended aeration. Methods for the disposal or treatment of the in- creasing quantities of slurry from intensive pig production units are outlined. The possible applica- tion of the oxidation ditch for such treatment is discussed and the results of experiments of a com- mercial piggery are described. The authors con- clude that the method offers the promise of an economic solution but that further research is ur- gently needed. (White-Iowa State) 0382 - C4 TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF COLIFORM BAC- TERIA IN THE FECES OF WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cin- cinnati, Ohio. R. P.. Geldrcich, R. H. Bordner.C. B. Huff.H. F. Clark, and P. W. Kabler. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1 Vol 34, No 3, March 1962, p 295-301. 4 tab, 24 ref. •Descriptors: "Coliforms, "Bacteria, "B. coli, •Farm wastes, Domestic wastes, "Temperature, Cuttle, Hog, Sheep, Poultry, Membrane filters. Variability, Water pollution, Surface drainage. Identifiers: Detection, Enumeration, IMViC, BALB, EC broth procedure, MPN test, Biochemi- cal lusts, Correlation. This investigation examined the reactions of 4512 human, 2339 livotock, and 1896 poultry coliform strains isolated from 43 human, 32 livestock, and 28 poultry fecal samples. The EC procedure showed a 96.3 percent positive correlation and the BALB procedure a 95.3 percent correlation with the conforms from fecal sources. These findings suggest that the presence of EC or BALB positive coliform strains in water or wastes indicate relative- ly recent fecal pollution. An occasional shift in per- cent positive correlation of the elevated tempera- ture test for three human samples during a period of one to three years was noted. The biochemical tests comprising the IMViC typing classification are cumbersome and do not present as close a cor- relation with fecal origins of the coliform group as other procedures. In view of the excellant reliabili- ty of either the EC or BALB test for fecal coliform bacteria, and taking into account the saving in time and effort, the elevated temperature procedure seems to be the method of choice. (White-Iowa State) 0383 - F2 PORK PRODUCERS AND POLLUTION: LEGAL ASPECTS Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. Donald P. Levl. Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of Missouri Pork Producers Association, January 16, 1970, Columbia, Missouri. Agricultural Economics Paper No. 1970-6. 15 p. Descriptors: "Legal aspects, "Regulation, Farm wastes, Disposal, Missouri, Maintenance, Waste water treatment. Water pollution control. Identifiers: "Pollution laws, "Lawsuits, Nuisance law. Liability, Stockmen, Law. Pollution of water and air by feeding operations is becoming a very real problem. Whether this con- stitutes a nuisance is a question of fact and depends on the circumstances of each case. The relative in- terests of the parties involved will determine whether or not a given operation is closed down. Even if one is legally allowed to continue in busi- ness, the assessment of actual or punitive damages may make it unprofitable to do so. There is no one thing which farmer* can do to guarantee that they be free from nuisance actions. Site selection, proper maintenance, zoning and licensing may help in some cases. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0384 - Al, Bl. F4 THE ECONOMICS OF CLEAN WATER: ANIMAL WASTES PROFILE. Federal Water Pollution Control Administntkm, Washington, DC. For tale by Supt. of Documents, U. S. Oovt. Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price $1.00. March 1970. Vol 2,85 p, 18 fig, 10 tab. Descriptor!: •Animal populations. "Farm waste*. 238 image: ------- •Water pollution tourcei, 'Water pollution con- trol, 'Coil analysis. Cattle, Sheep, Poultry, Hogs, Livestock. Identifier!: "Animal wastes, 'Clean water, •FeedloU, Swine, Milk cows. Stream pollution. A comprehensive view ii provided of the problem of farm-animal wastes in the United Statei in rela- tionship to pollution of water bodies. A framework u established for estimating cotu of animal wastes control to prevent water pollution. In many cases animal wastes have proved to be significant pollu- tion sources that resulted in fish kills and extensive damage to the ecology of the streams. At the present time, however, there is general agreement that not all of the wastes need to be considered as sources of water pollution. Therefore, it would seem that entirely too much emphasis has been placed on the gross possible costs of controlling water pollution from animal wastes. A more realistic base for use in developing programs for water pollution abatement and control from animal wastes is a series of sub-elements that can be inde- pendently assessed to determine their pollution potential, applicable control measures, and total pollution control costs. Estimates are presented of the locations, by states, of populations of cattle, milk cows, swine, sheep, and poultry together with discussions of water pollution control practices, wastes discharge frequencies from feedlots, and cli- mate effects. 0385 - A6.C5 AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTING THE PER. FORMANCE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS - A LITERATURE REVIEW. Agriculture Research Service, Washington, D.C. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office. Washington, DC 20402 - Price $1.00. Agriculture Handbook No 380, Issued August 1970. 109 p, 666 rcf. Descriptors: 'Domestic animals, * Air pollution ef- fects, 'Toxicity, Pollutant identification, Air pollu- tion, Atmsophere, Smoke, Pollutants, Physiological Ecology, Legislation. Farm wastes. Laboratory stu- dies, 'Reviews, "Bibliographies, Water pollution effects. Identifiers: Inhalation, Ingestion, Veterinary diagonosis, Esthetic effects, Automobile exhausts. The results of a Literature Survey to determine the effects of air pollution on domestic animals is presented. The term 'domestic animals' as used in this report includes cattle, sheep, goats, swine, hor- ses, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeons, Japanese quail, does, cats, rabbits, and honey bees. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 on air pollution, smoke, and automobile exhausts provide a brief background on the generalities of these pollutants and their effects on domestic animals. Many of the specific air pollu- tants found in the air, smoke, and automobile ex- hausts are described in subsequent chapters, which contain a brief introduction of the air pollutant, the published results, a summary, and a bibliography. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0386 - F4 INTRODUCTION: ISSUES IN FOOD PRODUC- TION AND CLEAN WATER, Agricultural Research Service, BeltBvillc, Md. Water Conservation Research Div. Cecil H. Wadleigh, and Clarence S. Britt. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, In- troduction, pxix-xxvii. I tab, 3 fig, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment, Cattle, Poultry, Hogs, Ammonia, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Corn, Labor, Nutrients, Potassium, Biochemical oxygen demand, Runoff, Fishkill, Effluent, Pesti- cides, Coliforms, Nitrates, Eutrophication, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Fish, Conservation, Lagoons, Odor, Sprinkler irrigation. Water quality. Identifiers; 'Waste production, 'Fcedlots, Mechanization, Chicken litter. The article introduces the subject matter and con- tent of the book. A look is first taken at the in- creased consumption of meat in this country. From the total number of animals raited for slaughter an idea is given of the amount and scope of the animal waste disposal problem. To raise this large number of animals the agricultural industry has relied on a variety of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to in- crease yields. Runoff from feedlots and agricultural lands has caused cutrophication and associated fish kills. However these are not the only nutrient sources. Conservation practices are needed to prevent water flowing through feedlots to run directly into a water course. As such secondary or even tertiary lagoons may be required. Recycling of wastes should be the optimum means of disposal Sound conservation farming is needed to assure beneficial use of agricultural wastes and to effec- tively protect the quality of water in our streams and reservoirs. (White-Iowa State) 0387 - A2, A3, C2 POLLUTION BY SEDIMENT: SOURCES AND TRANSPORT Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering; and Agricultural Research Service, Belt- sville. Md. y/ater Conservation Research Div H. P. Johnson, and W . C. Moldenhauer. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter I, p 3-20. 2 tab, 2 Tig, 59 ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Sediments, 'Sedi- ment transport, Bed load, Suspended load, Soil ero- sion, Gully erosion, Sheet erosion. Rill erosion Sediment yield. Watersheds, Iowa, Losses, Regres- sion analysis, Specific weight, Streams, Yield equa- tions. Identifiers: 'Detachment, 'Erosion equation Universal Soil Loss Equation, Correlation coeffi- cient, Sediment delivery ratio. Reservoir sedimen- tation. The paper attempts to identify problems in the sediment pollution area, define the present un- derstanding of the erosion and transport process and to indicate research needs. Gross erosion from land, including both sheet and gully erosion, is discussed, and empirical methods of quantitative measurement are presented as well as research ap- proaches. Primary sources of sediment yield infor- mation are reservoir sedimentation surveys and suspended load samplings. Finally a look is taken at sediment in transport and its two components suspended load and bed load. The science of ero- sion and sediment transport needs to advance con- siderably if it is to be sufficiently flexible for use in detailed planning, (White- Iowa State) 0388 - C2 CHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENT IN WATER Agricultural Research Service, Morris, Minn. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div and Min- nesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul. R. F, Holt, R. H. Dowdy, and D. R. Timmons. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa State University Press, Ames. Iowa, 1970, Chapter 2, p 21-34. 2 fig, I tab, 49 ref. Descriptors: 'Sediments, 'Nitrogen. 'Phosphorus Chemistry. Water pollution. Clays, Mineralogy, Montmonllonite, Illite. Colloids, Clay minerals Or- ganic matter. Ions. Ion exchange, Cation exchange Amon adsorption, Oxidation-reduction potential! Nitrification, Denitrification. Identifiers: Preferential removal. Electrical charge Surface area. Reduced layer, Surface oxidized Sediment can be considered a major pollutant of surface waters. However, its contribution to the dissolved chemicals in lakes and streams is largely unknown. The composition of sediment closely resembles the soil from which it is derived but is generally higher in silt, clay, and organic matter. Chemical reactions involving sediment are essen- tially the surface chemistry of their colloidal frac- tions which is a function of their surface area and electrical charge. AS a result, reactions with sedi- ment can be divided into interactions with charged ions and with neutral compounds. The chemistry of sediments in situ can be surmised from studies of submerged soils. Sediments carry relatively large amounts of total nitrogen and phosphorus into sur- face waters, but in both cases only a small propor- tion of this total is readily available to the biosystem. Sediments apparently have a high capacity to remove phosphate from solution, but without turbulence the release of phosphate from bottom sediments will not support algal growth at appreciable distances from the sediment. Available inorganic nutrients, particularly phosphorus, are rapidly taken up by the biosystem in natural waters. They eventually become a part of the organic frac- tion of the sediment and their release back to the waters is not well resolved. (White-IowaState) 0389 - Bl LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR MINIMIZING SEDIMENT, Iowa State Univ. Ames. Dept. of Agronomy. Minoru Amcmiya. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa 1970 Chanter 3, p 35-45. 5 tab, 28 ref. Descriptors: 'Land management, 'Water manage- ment, 'Sediments, 'Soil erosion, Sediment yield. Soil stabilization, Sediment transport. Energy dis- sipation. Soil properties, Slopes, Farm manage- ment. Infiltration, Storage capacity, Vegetation, ' Velocity, Flow, Mulching, Erosion control. Cul- tivation, Runoff. Strip cropping, Terracing, Con- tour farming. Identifiers: Detachment, Universal Soil Loss Equa- tion. The most logical and direct approach to solving our agriculturally related sediment problem is the sta- bilization of the sediment source by controlling soil erosion through the use of proper land and water management practices. An understanding of the factors affecting soil erosion by water is required in order to effectively protect the soil. The Universal Soil Loss Equation provides a framework for discussing erosion control measures. A vegetative cover or surface mulch is one of the most effective means of controlling runoff and erosion, and is discussed in some detail. A natural result of this fact is the creation of tillage methods which leave a mulch or crop residue on the surface. Examples of their effectiveness in controlling soil erosion are given. Contour farming, strip-cropping and terrac- ing are slope modification methods for erosion con- trol. Slope modification measures combined with soil conserving tillage practices can be effective in reducing soil erosion from cropped land. However, to become widely accepted, such practices must fit efficient farming operations and must be economi- cally feasible. (White-Iowa State) 0390 - A3, E2 SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES, Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Dent, of Botany. Jacob Verduin. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 5, p 63-71. I fig,4 tab, 12 ref. Descriptors; 'Phosphorus, 'Nutrients, Water pol- lution, Fertilizers, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sewage Ef- fluents. Phosphates. Carbon dioxide. Odor Taste 239 image: ------- Eutrophication, Water sheds, Tennessee Valley Authority Project, Detergents, Farm wastes, Lagoons. Identifiers: 'Plant nutrients, N/P ratio. En- richment. The author gives data showing the marked increase in total phosphorus concentrations in our streams and lakes. Although there has been a large increase in agricultural fertilizer use, evidence suggests that approximately one-lhird of the phosphorus con- tributions may come from agricultural watersheds. In urban sewage effluents, detergents seem to con- tribute about three times more phosphate than is contributed by the organic matter in sewage. Con- sequently, detergents would appear to be the most significant single source of phosphates enriching our waters today. The author contends that animal and domestic wastes belong on the land as fertilizer and soil improvers rather than discharging nutrient rich lagoon and sewage plant effluents directly to streams. As such, agriculture has a primary role to play in the solution of the pollution problem. In the problem of removing concentrated nutrients from water, agricultural technology can make a major contribution in the application of the living root zone filter to the process of plant nutrient removal. (White-Iowa State) 0391 - A3, E2 BEHAVIOR OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS IN RELATION TO WATER POLLUTION, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agronomy. C. A. Black. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 6,p72-V3. IDfig, ltab,S7ref. Descriptors: 'Phosphorus, 'Soils, Water pollution. Phosphates, Fertilizers, Solubility. Or- ganophosphorus compounds, Groundwater, Sur- face waters, Aqueous solutions, Saturation, Dis- tribution, Adsorption. Identifiers: 'Orthophosphatc, Plant residues, Con- centrations, Biologipal cycle, Phosphorite, Lang- muir equation, Reaction capacity. The principal objective of this chapter is to present an account of selected aspects of the behavior of soil and fertilizer phosphorus as a basis for un- derstanding how phosphorus from these sources may contribute to the phosphorus content of waters in the soil and leaving the soil. Chemical and geologic phosphorus cycles in the soil are traced. The reactions and distribution of fertilizer phosphorus in soil are described. The distribution of both inorganic and organic phosphorus is pointed out. (While-Iowa State) 0392 - A3, A4, C3, E2 SOURCES OF NITROGEN IN WATER SUP- PLIES, Geological Survey, Denver, Colo. Marvin C.Goldberg. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 7, p 94-124.4 fig, 8 tab, 72 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrates, Groundwater, Ammonia, Precipitation, Sediments, Denitrifica- tion, Runoff, Ureas, Fertilizen. Drainage water. Ir- rigation, Return flow, Water supply, Livestock, Sewage, Infiltration, Industrial wastes. Algae, Ponds, Farm wastes. Identifiers: 'Surface waters, Geological sources, Mineralization, Nitrogen sources. Well water, Feedlots. Water supplies can be categorized as surface. waters or groundwaten. This paper examines representative studies of nitrate entrance to both types of water supplies, with summaries of some of the many laboratory and field studies described in the current literature. Some of the sources of nitrogen entrance to water supplies include at- mospheric, geologic, rural and urban runoff, sewage, irrigation, animal wastes, and industrial wastes among many others. Sources of major im- portance to both surface and groundwater supplies are pointed out and field or laboratory studies are reported. (White-Iowa State) 0393 - C3, E2 CHEMISTRY OF NITROGEN IN SOILS, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agronomy! and Missouri Univ..Columbia. Dept. of Agronomy. F. J. Stevenson, and G. H. Wagner. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 8,pl25-14l.8fig,26ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Nitrates, 'Ammonium compounds. Fertilizers, Inorganic; compounds, Nitrites, Microorganisms, Climates, Nitrification, Denitrification, Leaching, Organic matter, Amino acids, Lignins, Chemistry, Soils. Identifiers: 'Fixation, Mineralization, Immobiliza- tion, Volatilization, Amines, Pyrimidine. This review emphasizes the complex nature of soil nitrogen. Other than gaseous forms, the inorganic N consists primarily as NH4 (..) and NO3 (-). Part of the NH4 (..) is bound to colloidal surfaces and behaves according to classical reactions of exchange chemistry. Nitrate is free to move with the noil water and is the form of N which is of greatest concern from the standpoint of pollution of water supplies. Many soils contain appreciable amounts of NH4 (..) that cannot be utilized directly by plants and microorganisms; this NH4 (..) is held within the lattice structures of clay minerals. Less than one-half of the organic N in soils can be ac- counted for in known compounds (amino acids, umino sugars, purine and pyrimidine buses, etc.). The remainder may occur as part of the structures of hurnic and fulvic acids. Part of the N added to soils as fertilizers can be converted to organic forms by chemical reactions involving NH3 (..) and NO2 (-); this combined N is only slowly mineral- ized and may persist in soil for prolonged periods. Bacterial denitrification is an important factor regulating NO3 (-) levels in natural soil and may serve an a means of reducing the NO3 (-) content of groundwater when land is used for the disposal of nitrogenous wastes. (White-IowaSlate) 0394 - A3, El FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT FOR POLLU- TION CONTROL, Minnesota Univ.,"St. Paul. Dept. of Soil Science. W. P. Martin, W. E. Fcnster, and L. D. Hanson. Miscellaneous Publication Paper No 1360 of the Unjveriily of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa Slate University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 9, p 142-158. 68 ref. Descriptors: 'Fertilizers, 'Nitrogen, 'Phosphorus, Nutrients, Phosphates, Soil erosion, Sedimentation, Sediments, Soils. Water supply, Eutrophication, Cultivation, Nitrates, Farm wastes, Wells, Water pollution, Nitrification, Irrigation, Denitrification. Identifiers: 'Pollution control, 'Fertilizer use, Nutrient removal, Feedlots. Nitrogen and phosphorus, as nutrient elements, are important to both land and aquatic plants, and nor- mally reach water supplies via land runoff in the erosion debris. Fertilizer usages in the midcon- tinent area are rapidly increasing to maximize production and increase efficiency, and further in- creases are expected. Fertilizer phosphorus quickly converts to unavailable forms in mineral soils and the evidence indicates that one of the ways of reducing the level of soluble phosphorus in water would be to effect soil contact such as by filtration through the soil medium. Nitrogen fertilizer appli- cation rates should approximate crop needs, which for a given soil type and climatic zone are based on production potential estimates for the crops to be grown. Management recommendations refined through the years for maximizing production are not incompatible with the objective of reducing nutrient contamination of natural waters. Further research is needed on nutrient balances and reac- tions in soils to maintain supplies at levels needed for crop production. Water quality standards as established by the federal and state water pollution control groups should be compatible with the need for maintaining adequate nutrients for efficient crop production consistent with management pro- grams designed to minimize losses to adjacent water supplies. (White-Iowa State) 0395 - A7 CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF INSECTI- CIDES, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Zoology and En- tomology. PaulA.Dahm. Journal Paper No. J-6S09 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Presi, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter II, p 167-182.6 fig, I tab, 62 ref. Descriptors: 'Insecticides, 'DDT. *Aldrin, Diel- drin. Insects, Carbamate pesticides, Insect control. Metabolism, Qrganophosphorus pesticide*, Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, Pesticide tox- icity. Pesticide residues. Identifiers: Toxaphene, Parathion, M alalhion, Car- baryl, Metabolites, Arthropods. Insecticides occur in the environment because of purposive applications for peit control and because of accidents and carelessness. The major problems with insecticides arise from the contamination of the environment and food and the development of resistant arthropod-pot populations. The per- sistence of insecticides in the atmosphere, water, toil, plants, animals, and microorganisms is being investigated. Alterations of insecticides occur under both metabolic and nonmetabolic condi- tions. Knowledge of the metabolism of insecticides is prerequisite to their development and use for in- sect control. Identification and lexicological assess- ment of the metabolic products should precede establishment of residue and other safety factors. More basically, metabolism studies of insecticides reveal intoxication and detoxication processes and how these relate to physiological effects and problems of resistance. With some insecticides, pri- mary metabolic attack may form compounds whose toxicity approximately equals or is greater than the parent insecticide. Numerous non- metabolic factors exert effects on the structure and persistence of insecticides. The solubilities of insec- ticides in soil and water are especially important in relation to their movement and persistence in the environment.. (White-Iowa stale) 0396 - A7 THE PESTICIDE BURDEN IN WATER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Athens, Ga. Southeast Water Lab. H. Page Nicholson. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter • I2,p 183-193.3tab,32ref. Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'DDT,Toxicity, Dieldrin, Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, Aldrin, En- drin, Heplachlor, Runoff, Water pollution, Indus- trial wastes. Insecticides. Identifiers: 'Environmental contamination. Con- centrations, Sources, Parathion, Pesticide pollu- tion. Sources of pesticide polluted water include runoff, industrial wastes, accidents and carelessness! 240 image: ------- Graphic examples of each are given to gain per- spective about the potential for pesticide involve- ment in water pollution. The significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides with respect to water pollution is shown. Concentrations in some lakes and streams has increased. A final section on control of pesticide pollution gives ideas and methods which should result in less water pollution by pesticides. (White-Iowa State) 0397 - A7, F5 HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL WATER FROM CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND BANK WEEDS, V Agricultural Research Service, Denver, Colo. Crop Research Div; and Agricultural Research Service Laramie, Wyo. Crops Research Div. F. L. Timmons, P. A. Frank, and R. J. Demint. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chanter 13, p 194-208. 4 tab, 31 ref. «-n«P««r Descriptors: 'Herbicides, »2-4-D, • Aquatic weed control, Dalapon, 2-4-5-T, Alligator weed. Copper sulfate. Ponds, Pond weeds, Reservoirs, Irrigation canals, Sprinkler irrigation. Furrow irrigation Drainage, Water hyacinth, Runoff. Identifiers: 'Herbicide dissipation, Drainage ditches, Submersed weeds, Amitrole.Silvex. The effectiveness of herbicides and the economics involved in agricultural production have caused their extensive use for weed control in and adjacent to aquatic areas, especially on irrigation systems. Greater use of herbicides in and around agricul- tural waters may he expected. Maximum residues of herbicides used for weed control in farm ponds and reservoirs are low, ranging from a fraction of I ppm to several ppm. In most case, these levels are of short duration. The transport of herbicide residues in irrigation water prevents extensive ex- posure of any given irrigated area. The flowing water may at times carry residues to areas where their presence may be objectionable. While reduc- tion in residue level varies with canal and herbi- cide, many residues are dissipated after » water How of 10 to 15 miles. In most cases, the dissipation can be attributed to'dilution in water or absorption by bottom mud. The concentrations of herbicides found in irrigation water are unlikely to cause inju- ry in crops. Where residues were found in crops fol- lowing irrigation with water containing herbicides the levels were generally much lower than tolerances already established for the same or similar crops. (White-Iowa State) 0398 - A3. A7 PESTICIDES AND PEST MANAGF.MENT FOR MAXIMUM PRODUCTION AND MINIMUM POLLUTION, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Zqology and En- tomology. Don C. Peters. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 14, p 209-223. 2 fig, I uh, 45 ref. Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, Productivi- ty, Water pollution, Climates, Insects, Control, Biocontrol, Cultural control, C'hemcontrol, Mechanical control, Insecticides, Cotton, Timber management. Corn, Soybeans, Tobacco, Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, 2-4-D, DDT. Identifiers: 'Pest management, Natural controls. Applied controls. The author first discusses natural and applied con- trols which man utilize, in an effort to reduce losses caused by pots. Natural control can be subdivided into climatic, udaphic, and biotic aspects. Applied control* arc biological, cultural, legal, or chemical practices. Hxamples of pest management in seven! »rca» of production arc given. The role of agricul- tural pesticide use and clean water is pointed out. Suggestions arc given, both legislative and practi- I — -«p otrpmolllauun 1" pest control is to be achieved, more imaginative research support will have to be found (White-Iowa State) 0399 - A2, A3 LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS AND FIELD- SPREAD MANURE AS SOURCES OF POLLU- TANTS, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J. R. Miner, and T. L. Willrich. In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, 1970 ,lowa State University Press, p 231-240. 2 tab 25* ref. Descriptors: 'Pollutants, 'Confinement pens. Farm wastes, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemi- cal oxygen demand. Runoff, Liquid wastes, Groundwater, Lagoons, Water pollution sources Water pollution. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Pollution characteristics. Lagoon ef- fluent, Feedlot runoff. This paper deals with the pollution potential from animal waste,. The pollution characteristics of animal wastes and the surface water and ground- water pollution potentials are discussed. Runoff is a primary mode of transportation of the waste to the water supplies. This pollution can be minimized through proper management. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0400 - Cl, E2 MANURE DECOMPOSITION AND FATE OF BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS IN SOIL, Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Neb • and Iowa State Univ., Ames. T. M. McCalia, L. R. Frederick,and O. L. Palmer In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality 1970 Iowa State University Preu, p 241-255. 2 'fig, 11' tab, 38 ref. Descriptor,: Farm wastes. Disposal, Fertilizers, Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic conditions' Microorganisms, Storage, Water pollution sources' Waste water treatment. ' Identifiers: Fertilizer value. Composition Break- down, Decomposition. This paper discusses the composition of animal manure. Fresh manure contain, from 30 to 80% water. The rest of, the constituents in manure are inorganic and organic solids, liquids, and gases. Manure contains all the inorganic nutrients needed by plants. Roughly, 90% of the dry matter in manure is organic waste material from animal digestion of feeds. The microbial population of animal waste is composed mainly of bacteria, fungi actmomycctes, and protozoa. Significant decom- position of manure may occur in the feedlot if al- lowed to remain there long enough. Further decomposition occurs when applied to the soil Manure should be plowed under to minimize N loss. Huge quantities of animal waste applied to the land may result in accumulation of some organic and inorganic constituent, in concentrations that may become toxic to plants, particularly under anaerobic decomposition conditions. (Christenbury-lowa Stale) 0401 - D4 MANURE TRANSFORMATIONS AND FATE OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS IN WATER Kansas Univ.. Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer- Ross P.. Mc-Kinncy. In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality 197o Iowa Slate University Press, p 256-264 ti ref criteria. Water pollution sources. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Oxidation ditch. Anaerobic lagoons. Aerated lagoons, Oxidation ponds. With regard to aqueous treatment systems for animal manure, it is apparent that aqueous treat- ment systems are not desirable for animal waste ex- cept in special situations. The concentrated animal wusles are not normally mixed with water and can be handled best as solid wastes. Chicken houses have been designed to handle the waste as solids. However, confined hog houses have too much fluid manure fur handling as solids. The oxidation ditch has proven satisfactory for handling hog waste. Treated hog manure must be returned to the soil for final disposal. The soil is the ultimate acceptor of all animal wastes. There is no reason that the ox- idation ditch should not be satisfactory for treating cattle manure. The biological treatment will reduce only a small fraction of the total solids of the manure. This treatment destroys the obnoxious qualities and results in a material that is more satisfactory for disposal. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0402 - A3, A9 S'oSJ?^£E TRANSMISSION OF WATER-BORNE ORGANISMS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health. Stanley L.Dicsch. In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, 1970, Iowa State University Press, p 26S-28S. 93 ref. Descriptors: 'Diseases, 'Animal diseases, 'Animal pathology, 'Human diseases, Farm wastes. Pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic fungi, Pathology, Viruses, Water transfer. Human pathology, Parasitism, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Disease transmission, Rickettsia. An effort is made to indicate the potential epidemiologic significance based on the variability of the resistant characteristics of various kinds of pathogenic organisms and their potential for water transmission. The historical implication of water and disease is briefly reviewed. The current problems of disease transmission related to water is discussed. To document water's role as a vehicle in disease transmission, information gathered from a literature review was used. Specific disease entities are grouped by classification based on etiology of the causative organisms. Infectious diseases of animals and man caused by bacteria, Rickettsia, viruses, fungi, and parasitic organisms are discussed. (Christcnbury- Iowa State) *: *Anaer<>bi': """ditions. 'Aerobic con- , 'Lagoons. Farm wastes. Odor AQU ""lutums. Disposal. Microorganism.', 0403 - Bl ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TO MINIMIZE POLLUTION, Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. i. A. Moore. In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality 1970 Iowa State University Press, p 286-297. 35 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Management, Aero- bic conditions. Anaerobic conditions Disposal Tertiary treatment. Pollutants, Liquid wastes' Lagoons, Sedimentation, Trickling filters Water pollution sources, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Flushing gutter,. Composting, Aerated lagoons. Oxidation ponds. Slatted floors, Screen- ing. Management of unimal waste can be broken down into four separate functions: collection, storage trea mcnt. and utilization or disposal. The option,' available for cuch of these functions are described CoUcction ,» divided into two types: wet or £The remaining management functions depend on the collection type used. Three bask* trea.mcM pr»ccH«» developed by the Civil Service £l7c" that apply t), ttl)lrnu| manurc are dcscribcdg.'rn£™ 241 image: ------- arc: Primary treatment, Secondary treatment, and Tertiary treatment. Almost all of the uHli/ation and disposal of animal manures will he through land ap- plication. The disposal systems that have been proven arc presented. These include liquid manure disposal as well us solid manure disposal. f Christenbury-lowu State) 0404 - A4, C3 MOVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POLLU- TANTS WITH GROUNDWATER, Geological Survey, Raleigh, N.C. Harry E. LeGrand. In: Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1970, p 303-313. 2 fig, 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Path of pollutants, 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution sources, 'Groundwater, •Agricultural chemicals, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Nutrients, Soil water, Soils, Seepage, Soil chemis- try, Absorption, Soil mechanics, Water quality. Soil properties. Water wells. Water table, Environmen- tal effects. Water chemistry, Infiltration. Identifiers: 'Agricultural pollutants. The volume of groundwater polluted by plant nutrients, animal wastes, and pesticides appears to be small. Numerous small polluted zones of water occur in the upper part of the zone of saturation. Sufficient safeguards are available to minimize groundwater pollution to the extent that good agricultural practices should not be deterred. The unsaturated zone above the water table attenuates almost all of the foreign bodies that are potential pollutants of the underlying groundwater. Chemi- cal fertilizers, animal wastes, and pesticides vary greatly in their tendency to degrade in ground en- vironments. The following favorable environmental factors tend to reduce the changes of pollution of water from wells and springs: (I) A deep water ta- ble, which (a) allows for sorption of pollutants on earth materials, (b) slows subsurface movement of pollutants, and (c) facilitates oxidation or other beneficial 'die-away' effects. (2) Sufficient clay in the path of pollutant* so that retention or sorption of pollutants is favorable. (3) A gradient of the water table beneath a waste site away from nearby wells. (4) A great distance between wells and wastes. (Woodard-USGS) 0405 - A3 EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION ON EUTROPHICATION, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Oept. of Sanitary En- gineering, and Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of WsterChcmislry. D. E. Armstrong, and G. A. Rohlich. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 23, p 3 14-330. 14 tab, 2 fig, 26 ref. Descriptors: 'Eutrophication, 'Nitrogen, •Phosphorus, Nutrients, Algae, Nitrates, Surface runoff. Base flow, Percolation, Leaching, Drainage, Farm wastes, Soil management, groundwater, Wisconsin, Water supply. Identifiers: 'Agricultural drainage. Lake metabol- ism, Mobility, Paniculate form, Feedlots, Nutrient sources. The paper discusses nitrogen and phosphorus transport in agricultural drainage since these are the most important nturients involved in eutrophi- cation. It is generally expected that inorganic nitrogen is transported mainly as nitrate by per- colating water, although the amounts of ammoni- um and nitrate carried in runoff waters may be highly significant in terms of the receiving water. Similarly, the largest amount of phosphorus is like- ly transported in paniculate form in runoff waters, but the amount of dissolved phosphorus in runoff water may be of equal or greater importance even though lower in quantity. The contribution of agricultural drainage to the nitrogen and phosphorus status of waters is next examined. The data presented suggest that agricultural land is an important contributor of nitrogen and phosphorus to water. About 60% of the nitrogen and 42% of the phosphorus were estimated to come from agricultural land. Nutrient budget estimations were based on data obtained on a small scale and ex- trapolated and thus have a low reliability. Nutrient sources are numerous and generalizations as to which source is the most important cannot be made. The contribution of agriculture should be reduced by improved and more efficient agricul- tural management practices.(White-IowaState) 0406 - A3 EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTANTS ON RECREATIONAL USES OF SURFACE WATERS, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Zoology; and Missouri Dept. of Conservation, Columbia. Robert S. Campbell, and James R. Whitley. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 24,p33t-343.3tab, I fig,43 ref. Descriptors: * Pollutants, 'Recreation, Lakes, Streams, Algae, Pesticides, DDT, Return flow. Sediments, Soil erosion, Fertilizers, Farm wastes. Fish, Fish eggs, Turbidity, Nutrients, Dissolved ox- ygen. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water Quality Act, Water quality. Unquestionably many agricultural pollutants affect recreation through alteration of water quality and degradation of fish and aquatic life. The more seri- ous polluting agents are eroded soil, agricultural fertilizers, animal wastes, and pesticides. While the problems relating to agricultural pollution are com- plex, and the solutions will not easily be attained, it seems reasonable that in many instances alternative procedures can be developed. Pollution control measures arc available which will allow continua- tion of agricultural production and enhance and protect water quality and recreation. While these procedures may be costly to apply, the expenditure should be judged in light of its contribution toward the preservation of man's environment. Especially in the instance of pesticide use, protection of water quality may be requisite 19 protection of the health of man from unknown long-term effects of pesti- cides. Reduction and control of agricultural pollu- tants are essential to develop and maintain a high quality environment. Quality of life and quality of environment are synonymous. (White-Iowa State) 0407 - A3 EFFECTS OF SURFACE RUNOFF ON THK FEASIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL ADVANCED WASTE TREATMENT, Iowa State Univ., Amen. Dept. of Civil Kngincuring. Robert I1'. Haumann, and Sheldon Kclman. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Itiwa State University Prow, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 25, p 344-362. 7 fig, I tab, 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, 'Sewage treatment, Tertiary treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand, Industrial wastes, Harm wastes, Pollutants, Fertil- iser*, Nitrogen, Nitrates, Phosphorus, Phosphates, Algae, Ivutrophication,' Water quality, Rivers, Iowa, Corn, Discharge, Chlorophyll. Identifier*: Industrial water pollution, Des Mnines River, Packing plants. The protection of the quality oi water in Iowa stream* requires that attention be directed at the various contributor* of (he significant pollutants. Attention in currently being directed at municipal and industrial wastes discharge*, since these enter stream* through a point source and arc ca»ily con- trolled. All such wastes must be given secondary treatment prior to discharge to Iowa's streams. As more stringent treatment requirements are de- manded in the future, there is some question an to whether nutrient removals from municipal and in- dustrial wastes will be sufficient to protect the stream. This .study indicated that during periods of dry weather when light and turbidity conditions are favorable for phytoplankton growth, the principal source of the N and P required to support such growth is derived from municipal and industrial waste water discharges. Removal of N and P from such waste water discharges will help reduce phytoplankton growth. In periods of high stream flow, when turbidity levels are high enough to be unfavorable to phytoplankton growth, runoff from urban and rural lands and channel erosion are probably the principal contributors of N and P to the stream. Removal of N and P from municipal and industrial wastes during these periods will not reduce nutrient levels significantly. Under the latter conditions, tertiary treatment of municipal and industrial wastes will be of less benefit until ru- noff contributions of N and P are also controlled. (White'lowa State) 0408 - A3, F2 LEGAL ASPECTS, Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of Law. N.William Mines. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 26, p 365-376. 26 ref. Descriptors: 'Legal aspects, 'Water pollution, Farm wastes, Pesticides, Sediments, Fertilizers, Riparian rights, DDT. Water quality. Regulation, Water Quality Act, Standards, Administrative agencies, Pesticide residues, Soil erosion. Silting. Identifiers: 'Point sources, Common law, Nuisance, Feedlots, Registration. The forec of the law has not been brought to bear on agriculture as it has on other major sources of water pollution. Agricultural pollution has thus far been ignored because it is less visible and more dif- ficult to correct than are wpslcs from municipalities and industry. Currently only those types of agricul- tural pollution that are obvious and subject to direct control receive legal attention. As point sources arc brought under control, agriculture's more subtle contributions to water pollution will at- tract regulatory concern. Public regulation of agricultural pollution will take two primary forms: (I) direct restrictions on the use of chemical inputs t(» agricultural production, and (2) regulation of land use patterns and practices. F.xamples of the first type of regulation are prohibitions or limita- tions on the use of certain chemical hiocides, fertil- izers, and other additives. Land use regulations seem very likely to be necessary to effect a meaningful reduction in soil erosion. The ideal con- struct might involve the employment of land-use controls by a comprehensive watershed manage- ment authority. If this does not come to pass, exer- cise of such powers by other local districts such as soil conservation districts, conservancy districts, or drainage districts would be feasible, as would grant- ing similar powers to the local pollution control agency, (While-Iowa State) 0409 - Fl ECONOMIC ASPECTS. luwa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of ftconomics. John K. Timmons. Journal Paper No J-6469 of the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Agricultural Prac- tice* and Water Quality, Iowa Stale University Pren, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 27, p 377-389. 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Economics, Manage- ment, Water quality control. Water resources. Costs, Benefits, Standards, Measurement, Water 242 image: ------- Quality Act. Identifieri: 'Quality leveli, 'Water tupplici quail- ty, 'Water demand quality, Leatt eoit method, Ex- ternalities, Public intervention, Water quality management, Quality u>e. The firm itep toward meeting water quality management relating to water use within agricul- ture in being taken through becoming aware of the importance of water quality problemi. The need to recognize the quality heterogeneities of water from demand and supply orientation* in evident. The im- portance of demand orientationH and requirements i» paramount in specifying quality standards which vary among uses, spatially and temporally. Supply qualities mum be geared to qualities demanded by uses. Least-cent method) are necessary in meeting demand qualities In assigning benefits and costs to water use*, the problems of externalilies, measure- ment, and intervention are crucial. Economics with its legacy of methods, theory, and its corps of resource economists in a necessary part of the mul- tidisciplinary approach in planning and in carrying out relevant research necessary Tor education, legislation, and administration of water quality management. (Whitc-lnwa State) 0410 - F3 ALLIANCE FUR ACTION, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region. John M. Kademachcr, Agricultural Practiced and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970, Chapter 28, p 390-396. 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution, Agriculture, Fishkills, Pesticides, Sediments, Ru- noff, Regulation, Zoning, Management, Waste treatment, Dissolved oxygen. Identifiers: 'Feedlots, 'Technical bane, 'Invento- ry, Registration, Feed lot runoff, Animal waste management, Quantities, Runoff strength, Popula- tion equivalent. The author chouses to look at animal wastes since this pollutant lends itself to more classical solutions than do other agricultural pollutants. He then ' pieces together the various interest* involved with the animal waste problem. A technical base of in- formation is required to establish effective con- trols. The development of an inventory noting animal production, concentration and location is an essential element of the technical base for the animal waste problem. Specific research and development needs muit be delineated in ac- cordance with the expected trends of the feedlot in- dustry. Regulation! are needed to ensure feedlot operators that measures they employ will guarantee a reasonable tenure of operation. Zoning regula- tion! may be necessary and desirable. Mandatory registration should be an integral part of feedlot regulations. A sound animal waste management program encompasses prevention, reduction, treat- ment, and disposal of animal wastes. No one treat- ment process or system will be the solution for all animal production units. A variety of management and treatment systems will have to be developed. If it is the public who must bear the cost, then agricul- ture must have the courage to include waste treat- ment as a part of its production costs. (White-Iowa State) 0411 - F4 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND COALS, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. Washington, D.C. Agricultural and Marine Pollu- tion Control. Harold Bernard. Agricultural Practices and Water Quality, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1970 Chapter 29, p 397-407. 2 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Water quality, 'Standards, Environment, Research and develop- ment, Management, Water Quality Act, Nebraska, Water supply. Water utilization. Water sports. Pol- lution abatement, Biochemical oxygen demand. Sewage treatment, Firm wastes, Nutrients, Return flow, Expenditures. Identifiers: 'Federal Water Pollution Control Ad- ministration, Agricultural pollution. The article gives information as to the scope and extent of FWPCA activities relating to the control of agricultural pollution. Over $4 million has been expended in 1969 and 1970 on research and demonstrations involving pollution abatement from pesticides, nutrient runoff, irrigation return flows and feedlot operations. An example of criteria for water quality standards is given. Recommendations from a recent task force of seven cognizant Federal agencies studying the agricultural pollution problem are given. Data is presented indicating the need Tor municipal, industrial and agricultural pol- lution control. New techniques and systems must be developed to increase the quantity of pollutants removed from Ihcse sources before it reaches our streams. (White-Iowa State) ,UENCI 0412 - _ THE INFLUENCE OF ASHED POULTRY MANURE ON SOIL, SNAP BEANS, AND TO- MATOES, Pennsylvania State Univ., College Park, Agricul- tural Experiment Station. Charles A. McClurg, Ernest L. Bergman, and Glenn O. Bressler. Progress Report 312, April 1971, 9 p, 12 tab., 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Crop response. Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment, Fertilizers, Soil analysis, Laboratory tests. Sampling. Identifiers: 'Ashed poultry manure. Waste reuse. Four experiments were conducted to determine the 'growth of snap beam (phascolus vulgaris L.) and tomatoes (lycoperseon esculentum mill) In a Hagerstown clay loam soil containing various pro- portions of ground dried and/or ashed poultry manure. Addition of uh significantly increased toil pH, available P, and mllllequlvalents and percent saturation of K, Mg, Ca In the soil, Germination of bean seed in pot culture was severely restricted by the amounts of ash and/or dried manure added to the soil due to excessive concentrations of soluble salts, however, pod yield increased with low levels of ash and dried manure. Leaf analyses indicated increased K and Mg and decreased Ca content when ash had been added to the soil. Addition of dried manure resulted in increased foliar content of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Al. There was no signifi- cant reduction of stand or yield when snap beans were grown under field conditions on toll to which 30t/acre ash had been added although maturity of pods appeared to be slightly delayed. Foliar analy- sis of beans grown in soil treated with ash showed significant increases of K, Mg, B, Na in leaves, while Ca and Mn decreased significantly. Applica- tion of ash to field soils at a rate of 120t/acre resulted in the death of all tomato transplants and no weed growth. With 60t/acre a 45 percent morality and consequent reduction of yield were observed. Ashed poultry manure can definitely be used in crop production but only in conjunction with a soil test. (Hazcn-Iowa State) 0413 - E3 VALUE OF PROCESSED POULTRY WASTE AS A FEED FOR RUMINANTS. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park F. F. El-Sabban, J. W. Brattler.T. A. Long, D. E. H. Frear, and R. F. Gentry. Journal of Animals Science, Vol 31, 1970 p 107- 111.5 tab, 16 ref. Descriptors: 'Ruminants, 'Poultry, 'Digestion •Diets, Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment, Nitrogen. Animal metabolism. Livestock, Laboratory tests Identifiers; Waste processing, Waste utilization, Heat treated poultry waste. Heat treated poultry waste was evaluated as a source of nitrogen for ruminant animals. Poultry waste was subjected to three different heat treat- ments to produce autoclaved (APW), cooked (CPW), and dried (DPW) products. In a sheep metabolism trial, wethers were fed semi-purified rations in which nitrogen was supplied by APW, CPW, or Soybean meal. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter and energy were not significantly dif- ferent among rations, but that of protein was sig- nificantly higher for the ration containing soybean meal (control) than of the ration containing APW. Urinary energy was significantly higher for the con- trol ration than for the rations containing APW or CPW. Fecal nitrogen was significantly lower for the control ration than for the rations containing poultry waste products, no other significant dif- ferences were found. Twenty-five angus steers, di- vided into four groups, were used in a 134-day feeding trial, steers were fed finishing rations in which all supplemental nitrogen was provided by soybean meal, APW, DPW, or urea. Rate of gain and feed rations in which supplemental protein was provided by soybean meal, APW or DPW. Rate.of gain was significantly higher for steers fed a ration containing urea than those fed the ration contain- ing DPW. Carcass characteristics and meat ac- ceptability were not significantly different among steers fed the different rations. Chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds in backfat and liver ar- senic were found in amounts less than I PPM. (Hazen-Iowa State) 0414 — Al, F4 THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS, Investigations Leader, Northern Plains Branch, Tort Collins, Colorado. F. O. Viets. Montana State University Symposium on Agri culturally Related Pollution, February 10, 1970, Bozeman, Montana, pp. 11-16. 1 tab.. 3 ref. Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, confinement pens, cattle, feedlots, groundwaters, odors, ammonia, dust, nitrates, air pollution, phosphorus, micro- blal, The concentration of a large number of cattle into a very small space has crested our prob- lems of offensive odors In the air, runoff capa- ble ol polluting streams and killing fish, perco- lation of water to the water table making it hazardous to drink, and mountains of manure. Per capita beef consumption In the United States has Increased about 3.5% a year over the last 20 years. At present, about 18 million cattle are fed annually. The pollution from runoff Is an enormous problem In humid areas. The writer feels that adequate and economical solutions are not in sight, and that the economics of pol- lution control may force the cattle feeding In- dustry into drier areas, even if grain must be haujled from the wetter grain producing areas. Air pollution from cattle feedlots Includes odors, dust, and ammon'a. Of these, only dust is Ijeing controlled to any great extent. Dust can be con- trolled to some degree by sprinklers. As to deep percolation, very little Is known. However, ni- trates in groundwaters in Missouri have been attributed to corrals. Other Instances where wells are located close to feedlots, the water from the wells are unsuitable for drinking. It cannot be said that feedlots are polluting the water table with nitrates; however, the water under teedlots had an offensive odor and was enriched In ammonium and soluble organic and Phosphorus compounds. (Bandy - 1SU). 0415 - AS, D2 TURNING WASTES INTO PROFITS, Earl D. Anderson. Farm Quarterly. Vol 25. No 6, Nov-Dcc 1970 o 48-85. 1 fig. ' P Descriptors: 'Waste treatment. 'Drying Poultry Odor, Waste storage. 243 image: ------- Identifier!: Waste drying pit, Odor control, * Waste reuse. The manure drying pit is a new concept in on-farm conversion or wastes to salable products. In the pit, circulating Tans subject droppings to a continuous flow of drying air at an average velocity of SCO feet per minute. Also, the accumulated droppings are stirred and exposed to the drying air by a winch- drawn spike-toot- harrow. Periodically, the droppings arc removed by means of a hinged clcanout board attached to the harrow. The parti- cally dried manure can be stored indefinitely without developing an odor and without taking up moisture from the surrounding air. Controlling odors in the house provides a better environment for the birds and the attendants. (Hazen-lowa State) 0416 - A3, A9, C2, C4, E2 A STUDY OF SOME DISEASE HAZARDS WHICH COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYSTEM OF APPLYING CATTLE SLURRY PASTURE, Agricultural Research Council, Compton (En- gland). Inst. for Research on Animal Diseases. J. Deans Rankin, and R. J. Taylor. The Veterinary Record, Vol 85, November 22 1969, p 578-581.3 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soil-borne diseases, •Slurries, Dairy cows. Waste water disposal, Soil contamination. Water pollution sources. Public health. Pollutant identification. Identifiers: Bacterial survival. Physical and bacteriological examinations of 16 samples of cattle 'slurry' have been carried out. On three occasions potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated, namely, one strain of Salmonella dublin and two strains of haemolytic Escherichia coli. Five strains of potentially pathogenic bacteria survived for 11 to 12 weeks in slurry, although none of them appeared to multiply. The system of slurry disposal on pasture and its implications are discussed. (Hazen-lowa State) izers materially reduces the concentration of phosphorus in runoff waters as compared to shal- low incorporation. Phosphorus concentrations in several lake* and streams are shown, (McCann- BatteUe) 0417 - A2, C3 ACCUMULATION OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER, Agricultural Research Service, Morris, Minn. North Central Soil Conservation Research Center Robert F. Holt, Donald R. Timmons, and Joseph J. Latterell. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol 18, No 5, p 781-784,1970.1 tab, 37 ref. Descriptors: 'Phosphates, 'Path of pollutants, •Eutrophication, 'Leaching nutrients, Fertilizers, Precipitation (Atmospheric), Runoff, Animal wastes. Surface waters, Soil erosion. Nutrients, Al- gae, Lake Superior, Water Pollution sources, Min- nesota, Washington, Connecticut Identifiers: Illinois River, St. Louis River, Black River (Minnesota), Lake Washington (Washing- ton), Linsley Pond (Connecticut), Lake Zoar (Connecticut), Lake Minnetonka (Minnesota), Big Stone Lake (Minnesota), Lake Crystal (Min- nesota). Natural and agricultural sources of phosphorus to surface waters include percipitatkm, animal wastes, fertilizers, and land runoff, the actual contribution from these sources is shown to be quite low. How- ever, the concentration of phosphorus required to support profuse algal blooms is so low that the limited amounts supplied are sufficient to exceed this requirement Eroded soil delivers appreciable amounts of phosphorus to surface waters, but the soil materials capacity to sorb phosphorus results in little tendency tor release of this source into the water. Bottom sediments appear to be a sink for dissolved orthophosphate that is supplied to sur- face waters. Leaching of vegetation can supply relatively large amounts of phosphorus to lakes and streams. Deep incorporation or phosphatic fertil- 0418 — C5, E3 ENRICHMENT OF CATTLE MANURE FOR FEED BY ANAEROBIC FER- MENTATION, Auburn University. J. D. Moore, W. B, Anthony. Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 30. 1970, pp. 324. Descriptors: 'Waste identification, Farm wastes, Cattle, Toxidty, Amlno Ados, Feeds, Proteins, nitrogen. Identifiers: 'Organic Add Synthesis, Toxidty trials. It was determined that by fermenting cattle manure under anaerobic conditions organic add synthesis occurred and the pH of the fresh manure dropped from 6.25 within 1644 hours when Incubated at 37*C. By adjusting pH with ammonia once every 24 hours for 3 days, the apparent crude protein level as determined by KJeldahl Nitrogen analysis, Increased from 16.99% to 43.26%. There was a net Increase in amlne adds greater than 20%. Organic adds (%DM> were acetic add, 7.20; proplonic add 1:27; butyric add, 1.34%, valeric add, 0.11; and eactic add, 16.83%. From palatablllty tests with lambs, rations containing either manure or ammonium lactate were equal. In toxldty trials using sheep, ammonium acetate was more toxic than urea. Dosages were made Isonltrogenous with urea at the level of 0.88 urea/kg body weight, (Hazen • ISU). 0419 — A8, C5, D4, E3 DIGESTION OF POULTRY MANURE BY DIPTERA, Colorado State University, Department of Avian Science, Fort Collins. B. F. Miller. J. H. Shaw. Poultry Science, Vol. 48, No. S, pp, 1844-1845, 1969. Descriptors: 'Diptera, Farm wastes. Poultry. Waste treatment. Waste disposal. Identifiers: "Musca domestic, Musdna Stabulans. Five spedes of Diptera were tested for their ability to properly grow, develop, and reproduce in fresh poWtry manure. Musca domestic* and Musclni stabuUni were the two spedes found to be the most promising. Musca, with Its high biological potential, effectively reduces poultry manure to a more stable product. This spedes will develop from egg to pupa in five to six days at 37'C. The larvae may be harvested by spreading the manure thinly on a screen under an intense light source. Because they are photo- negative they will crawl through the screen permitting collection below, If they are permitted to develop to the pupa stage, the pupa can be separated from the manure residue by flotation. These larvae removed about 80% of the organic matter from fresh poultry manure In five to six days. The moisture content was reduced from 75 to 50% simultaneously. About 25 to 30 grams of larvae was produced from each kilogram oi fresh poultry manure. (Hazen • ISU). 0420 - C4 SOME EFFECTS OF ORGANIC WASTES ON AQUATIC INSECTS IN IMPOUNDED HABITATS, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, Dept. of En- tomology., and Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept of Microbiology. C. D. Stcelman, and A. R. Cornier. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Vol 63, No 2, p 397-400,1970.3 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: •'Water pollution effects, 'Organic wastes, 'Aquatic insects. Habitats, Impounded waters, Coliforms, Mosquitoes, Lagoons, Indica- tors, Livestock, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Swine, Lagoon studies, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia freundii, Escherichia intermedia, Aerobacter aerpgenei, Coptotomus, Hydrous triangularis, Chironomus plumosus, Chaoborus, Brachydeutera, Musca domcstica, Psychoda, Hermetia illucens, Stratiomys. Eristalis aeneus, Tabanus, Odonata. The relative effects of organic waste pollution on the aquatic insect fauna of a freshly dug livestock waste disposal lagoon was studied. Introduction of organic waste material from swine pens into im- pounded aquatic habitat caused suppression of cer- tain insect species. Decreases in aquatic insect fauna paralleled the increase in the organic waste concentration determined by changes in the num- bers of coliforrn bacteria. The southern house mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, began laying eggs in the lagoon when coliform counts approximated 7000 organisms per rnilliliter of lagoon water. Water suspensions of pure cul- tures of coliforms Escherichia coli, E freundii, and E intermedia were found to be more attractive as oviposition sites (or C p quinquefasciatus than water suspensions of Aerobacter aerogenes or sterile water. The change in insect fauna in the new lagoon during the 2-1/2 years' study was con- sidered to be directly related to the change in the organic waste pollution of the water. The data ob- tained indicate the possibility of using aquatic in- sects as biological indicators of water quality. (Jones-Wisconsin) 0421 - E3 EFFECTS OF MANURE APPLICATIONS AND MITE PREDATION ON CORN ROOTWORM POPULATIONS IN MINNESOTA, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dcpt. of Entomology Fisheries and Wildlife. H. C. Chiang. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 64 No 3 June 1970, p 934-936. 3 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Mites. 'Disposal. 'Prcdation. Farm wastes. Laboratory tests, Soil treatment, Soil analy- sis. Soil tests. Population, Corn (Field). Distribu- tion patterns. Water pollution effects. Identifiers: 'Corn rootworms, 'Predaceous mites. Manure application. Soil test plots. Manure was applied in corn plots in 1967 at the rate of 50 tons per acre. The northern and western corn rootworms, Diabrotica longicomia (Say), and D. virgjfcra LcConte, populations in these plots were reduced to about half the level of those in the check plots. Quantitative observations of the prcdaccous arthropods in the manured and the check plots showed that the total populations of ground beetles and spiders were not changed because of the manure application. However, the populations of mites, both prcdaccous and non- predaccous. were 3 or more times as high in the manured as in the check plots. On the basis of the vertical distribution of these mites and of corn root- worms, It was concluded that the prcdaccous mites could be feeding on corn rootworms. The data sug- gested thut predation by mites accounted for • 19.7% control of corn rootworms under natural field conditions und a 63.0% control when manure was applied in the field. (Hazcn-lowa State) 0422 - C2, C3. E3 PROTEIN AND ENERGY VALUE OF PEANUT HULL ANp WOOD SHAVING POULTRY LIT- TERS, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ Blacksburg. ' Asok Nath Bhattacharya, and J. P. Fontenot Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 25, p 367-371 1966,5 tab, 20 ref. P ' Descriptors: 'Feeds, 'Peanuts, Diets, Animal metabolism. Digestion, 'Farm wastes. Wood wastes. Proteins, Metabolism, Amino acids E44 image: ------- •Waste disposal. Identifiers: Total digestible nutrient, Digestive coefficients, Hulls, Shavings, Litter, Chemical composition, Feeding trials. Three digestion and metabolism trials were con- ducted with 10 yearling wethers to study the protein and energy value of autoclaved peanut hull and wood shaving broiler litters, when each was incorporated at levels of 25 and 50% in a corn-hay basal ration. Apparent digestibility of crude protein was not significantly different among ra- tions. Crude fiber digestibility of the litter rations was higher (P < .01) than that of the control ration. Dry matter, NFE and energy digestibility were lower (P < .01) when the litter level in the ration was increased from 25 to 50%. (Hazen-Iowa State) 0423 - F4 2ND COMPENDIUM OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansai City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region. June 1969. 256 p, 59 tab. 33 fig. 80 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Rainfall-runoff rela- tionships, Legislation, 'Water quality. Pollutant identification. Disposal, Runoff, Grants, Cattle, Land use. Fertilizers, Management, Economics, Nutrients, Storage, Pollution abatement, Eutrophi- cation. Design data, Erosion. Identifiers: Feedlot wastes. Pollution potential. Nitrate movement, FWPCA, Population equivalents. Processing, Feedlot size, Feedlot ru- noff. Basin-wide planning. Twelve papers were presented at the meeting. Major emphasis was placed on cattle feedlot pollu- tion potential. Various aspects of the pollution caused by animal waste were discussed. Sources of pollutants and effects on water quality were emphasized. History and characteristics of animal waste pollution were discussed. Methods for minimizing pollution and the economics of disposal were considered. (Christenbury-IowaState) • A MAJOR WATER 0424 - A2, A4, F3 ANIMAL WASTE RUNOFF • A R QUALITY CHALLENGE, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansas City. Mo. A. V. Resnik, and Rademacher. In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969, Paper No l.21p,26ref. Descriptors: "Runoff, Farm watte. Legal aspects. Eutrophication, Groundwatcr, Water quality. Biochemical oxygen demand. Pollutant identifica- tion. Water pollution control. Identifiers. Feedlot runoff. Population equivalents, Pollution potential. An overview is presented of the causes and effects of animal waste pollution on water quality. The ex- tent of the problem as well ai the effects on surface and ground waters are Ulustratcd with research data. The present status of legislation in regulatory control of pollution is discussed. Measures to strengthen present regulations arc proposed, (Christcnbury-lowa State) 0425 - A2, C5 ANIMAL WASTES-A MAJOR POLLUTION PROBLEM, low* Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil Engineering. R. R. Dogne. In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Mtnagc- mc.it. June 1969. Paper No 2. Up. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand. Hogs, Cattle, Iowa. Runoff, Disposal, Management, Rainfall-ru- noff relationships, Retention, Water pollution con- Identifiers: 'Livestock wastes, •Characteristics, •Fcedlots runoff. Population equivalents. Swine, Site selection. Trends, Animal stocking rates. The water pollution potential of livestock wastes is discussed. The characteristics of animal wastes are discussed. The major source of water pollution from livestock is open feedlots. The control funda- mentals that apply to open feedlots are discussed Feeding facilities must be designed and operated not only to optimize meat production but also to minimize pollution. (Chri.tenbury.Iowa State) 0426 - A2, A4, Bl. F2 REGULATORY ASPECTS OF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT, «•*•«*« Kansas State Dept. of Health. Topeka. Environ- mental Health Service*. M. W. Gray. In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969, Paper No 3. 38 p, 14 tab. Descriptors: 'Legal aspects. Public health, •Legislation, 'FUhkill, 'Rainfall-runoff relation- ships. Farm wastes. Aquatic life. Water supply. Recreation. Management. Biochemical oxygen de- mand. Dissolved oxygen. Regulation, Cattle, Odor, Retention, Kansas, Water pollution control. Water pollution effects. Identifiers: 'Waste characteristics. *Feedlot ru- noff. Pollution potential. SHUD, Health aspects Nuisances, Pollution control, Retention ponds, the legal arid environmental implications of pollu- tion from cattle teedlots is discussed. A table is in- cluded that summarizes the fish kills that have been attributed to feedlot runoff In Kansas. Chapter 28, Article 18, of the Kansas State Board of Health Regulations is included. The author discusses methods for minimizing pollution of surface and groundwater from feedlots. (Christenbury-lbwa State) 0427 - E2 MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL FEEDLOT WASTES - LAND SPREADING AS A DISPOSAL PROCESS, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Water Resources Research Center. G. E. Smith. In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969, Paper No 4. 8 p. Descriptors: "Management, 'Farm waste, •Disposal, 'Land use, Cattle. Fertilizers, Costs nutrients, Waste disposal, Water pollution control. Identifiers: Nutrient removal, Application rate. Disposal of animal waste onto land is effective and can increase crop yields. Attention must be given to the condition of the waste and supplemental nutrients added to insure a balanced fertilizer pro- gram. Cost of land disposal may exceed returns in terms of crop response, however land disposal can minimize animal waste disposal costs. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0428 - A2, F4 DESIGN FOR FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE. MENT - HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. R. I. tipper. In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969, Paper No 6.9 p. 4 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. •R«inf»ll-runoff rela- tions. 'Pollution abatement. Biochemical oxygen demand, Runoff, Nutrients, Dissolved oxygen. Soil structure. Irrigation, Nitrogen, Detention reser- voirs. Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Fccdlots, Pollution potential, Kjeldahl nitrogen. The purpose is to illustrate the value of the cattle feeding industry to the Mate of Kansas; to relate its growth in the state to the emergence of a water pol- lution problem; and to make an attempt to describe the nature and magnitude of the problem in the best perspective that can be achieved at this time. Large-scale cattle feeding is a growth industry suited to Kansas resources and one that the state can ill afford to ignore. Efficient livestock produc- tion methods have given rise to water pollution problems. Pollutant concentration is approximately twice as great from a concrete lot as from an unsur- faced lot. Data is presented to evaluate the pollu- tion potential of feedlot runoff. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0429 - A2, A3, A4, B1L C3 CONTRIBUTION OF FERTILIZERS TO WATER POLLUTION, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Water Resources Research Center. O.E. Smith. In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969. Paper No. 7, 16 p, 7 tab. 5 fig, 24 ref. PHS-FWPCA-USD1 - WP00533. Descriptors: * Eutrophication, Fertilizers, Farm wastes. Nutrients, Denitrification, Nitrification, Ammonification, Leaching, Erosion, Nitrogen. Ru- noff, Water pollution control, Groundwater, Septic tanks. Management. Identifiers: *Mcthemoglobin, Nitrate movement, Feedlots, Residual accumulation. Soil cores. Without chemical soil amendments the United States would be a food importing nation. Despite liberal fertilizer use. crops are removing more nitrogen and minerals than are being added in soil amendments. Many shallow wells in Missouri are contaminated with nitrates as a result of leaching from livestock feeding operations. The nitoate is not associated with losses from fertilized farm fields in most cases. There is little question that some of the nutrients applied in chemical fertilizers are moving into both surface and ground water, the percentage is thought to be relatively small. It is possible that nutrient losses may be less where good fertilization practices are followed than on unfertil- ized soils. (Iowa State) 0430 - A2, Cl CATTLE FEEDLOT WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. T. E. Norton, and R. W. Hamen. In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment. June 1969, Paper No. 8, 26 p, 14 fig, 2 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Rainfall-Runoff relationships, •Liquid wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, Farm wastes, Dissolved solids, Hydrogen ion con- centration. Alkalinity, Equipment. Simulated rain- fall. Hydrology, Hydrographs, Rainfall intensity. Overland flow. Design data, Conductivity. Model studies. Water pollution control. Identifiers: • Feedlot wastes. Pollution potential, Fccdlots, Prediction method, Procedure. Runoff wastewatcr from cattle feedlots is con- sidered; the overall objective was to determine if the hydrology characteristics could be correlated with the quality characteristics through a modifica- tion of the flat plate model of overland flow. The results of the correlation could then be used to pre- dict the quantity and quality of the runoff from ex- isting feedlots. The data demonstrated the fact that the prediction method proposed requires ex- trapolation of data beyond the observed values. Therefore, additional information obtained from 245 image: ------- itudici of runoff from full-wok feedtots would be advisable in determining the validity at this ex- trapolation. (Chrislcnbury-ISU) 0431 - F4 MAJOR PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION CREATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansas City, Mo. Walter F.Robohn. In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969, Paper No. 9.16 p. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, • Erosion, * Water pol- lution sources, 'Pollution abatement. Runoff, Pol- lutants, Sediment, Livestock, Legal aspects. Legislation, Sugar beets. Farm lagoons, Fertilizers, Salts, Irrigation, Ground water, Pollution identifi- cation. Tailwater, Water pollution effects. Water quality control. Identifiers: "Population equivalents, Feedlots, Slaughter, Processing. This paper discusses the magnitude of the water pollution abatement problem facing agriculture. The major acitivity which is contributing to water pollution is discussed. Sediment derived from land erosion constitutes by far the greatest mass of all the waste material arising from agriculture. The fundamentals of pollution of interest to agriculture are discussed. The control of pollution from agricultural sources is severly handicapped by lack of knowledge. It will take the combined efforts of engineers, waste treatment plant operators, city of- ficials, agricultural people and citizens in general to solve the great national problem of water pollution. (lowaState) 0432 - Fl, F2 AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Charlottesville, Va. Middle Atlantic Region. Eugene T. Jensen. In: 2nd Conpendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969, Paper No. 10,11 p. Descriptors: 'Legislation, 'Grants, Farm wastes. Nutrients, Sediment, Chemicals, Livestock, Water quality control, Pollution abatement. Federal Government, Disposal, Research and development. Identifiers: 'FWPCA, Basin-wide planning. Various aspects of water pollution are discussed, including sources, types of pollutants, and methods of pollution abatement. The role that the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration plays in pollution control is discussed. Research grants and contracts are awarded to support basic and applied research projects relating to the causes control, and prevention of water pollution. The need for clean and usuable water demands that we build the cost of clean water into all our operations. (Iowa State) 0433 - A2, A3, Bl EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER QUALITY, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Evansvillc, Ind. Lower Ohio Basin Office. T. R. Smith. In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment, June 1969, Paper No. 11,11 p, 9 ref. Descriptors: Water quality control, 'Nutrients, •Pesticides, Farm wastes. Silt, Erosion, Sedimenta- tion. Runoff, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Al- gae. Livestock. Water pollution effects. Identifiers: Feedlots, Wabash River Basin. The main sources of agricultural associated water pollution in humid regions are: (I) silt from soil erosion; (2) fertilizers, mainly phosphorus and nitrogen compounds (3) pesticides; and (4) or- ganic wastes from fcedlots. In arid region. Irriga- tion return flows are a problem. This paper discusses the effect of each of these sources can have on water quality and suggests some prcvcnla- tive measures. It is necessary that agriculturalists plan to control pollutional effects on their activity. (Christenbury-lSU) 0434 - A2, Bl, D2, E2 ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CON- TROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS, Texas Tccnotogkal Coll., Lubbock. Dept of Agricultural Economics. T. R. Owens, and Wade L. Griffin. In: 2nd Compendium of Animal Waste Manage- ment. June 1969, Paper No. 12,62 p, 31 tab. 2 Rg, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Economic feasibility, Rainfall-runoff 'relationships, *DbposaI, 'Cost comparisons. Economics of Scalo, Farm wastes. Runoff, Design criteria. Legal aspects, Costs, Biochemical oxygen demand. Evaporation, Model studies, Hydrologies! data. Equipment, Detention reservoirs. Odor, Systems analysis, Oroundwater, Seepage, 'Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Fcedlot size, Playa lake disposal, Open field disposal. Overflows, Feedlot runoff. The economic feasibility of various methods for controlling or disposing of feedtot runoff is deter- mined. The various design criteria were applied to three different sizes of model feedlott: (I) 3000 head, (2) 10,000 head, and (3) 25,000 head. The approach to the problem of water pollution from feedkrts used here involved control of runoff by establishing collection basins and subsequently discharging the runoff to one of two disposal areas or alternatively to hold the collected runoff until natural evaporation emptied the system. In general, evaporative discharge systems were considered in- ferior to their mechanical counterparts because of the lower degree of protection provided and the rather extensive land requirements for construction of the collection basin. (Iowa-State) 0435 - Al, F4 FHF. MOUNTING PROBLEM OF CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION, Frank G. Viets. Jr. Agricultural Science Review, Vol V, No I, First Quarter 1971, p I-S. 2 rigs, 2 tub, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Waste clumps. I arm wastes. Solid wastes. Air pollution, RunolV. Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Fecdlot pollution. Solid waste disposal. Soil pollution. Steadily increasing demands for well-finished beef und the apparent profitability of large integrated feeding und slaughtering operations indicate that feed lots will grow larger und not smaller. Cattle feeding is moving from a small farm enterprise toward an agricultural industry, This results in a large concent ration of wastes on a small area. Mont large operators arc making an effort to comply with water and air pollution regulations. Because stream and lake pollution from runoff is now prohibited, engineers arc challenged to design facilities that minimi/c runoff r.r dispose of it economically and. hopefully, beneficially. Runoff control is much more difficult in humid climates than in drier ones. Underground water pollution appears to be mostly u local phenomenon. Most of the unsolved problems lie in the air pollution area. Offensive odor and their control still await thorough applica- tion of microbiological und chemical research. Manure can he disposed of und used us a resource if only u small portion of the land needed to produce the feed is available for manure disposal. /lining appears to IK- one of the best solutions to I he fccdlot problem. (Ha/en-Iowa State) 0436 - A6, Cl, C2 POULTRY DUST: ORIGIN AND COMPOSI- TION, Auburn Univ.. Ala. Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. J. Koon, J. R. Howes. W. Grub, and C. A. Rollo. Agricultural Engineering, Vol 44. No II November, 1963 p. 608-609.4 fig. Descriptors 'Dusts, 'Farm wastes. Poultry, En- vironmental effects. Identifiers: Environmental control. Dust composi- jtion. Dull is a major problem in poultry environmental control as it impairs the operational efficiency of equipment to u degree that its use becomes imprac- tical. A study wut made to determine the composi- tion of poultry dust and to establish the effects of temperature on the dust produced. Slngk comb H3W white Leghorn laying hens were exposed to constant temperatures of SO, 60,70, 80,90. I OOF. Broiler tests were conducted using vantress male cross No. 50 arbor acres female Whiterock chicks. Qualitative and quantitative dust samples were ob- tained and tested. The dust from laying hen* con- tained approximately 92% dry matter,, of which 60% wai crude protein. Fat analysis was 9%, cellu- lose 4%. The remainder of the dry matter was ash and hydrocarbons. The broiler dust was lower in fat and higher in protein. Birds raised on litter have a decline in dust production at 90F. Relative humidi- ty for all environmental chambers was 60%. (Hazen-Iowa Stale) 0437 - Cl PROPERTIES OF FARM ANIMAL EXCRETA, E. P. Taiganidcs, and T. E. Hazen. ASAE Paper No. 64-315. Transactions of the american society of agricultural engineers. Vol. 9, p 374-376, 1966. 6 tab, 13 ref. Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station Project 1433. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Physical properties, •Chemical properties. Biochemical oxygen de- mand. Chemical oxygen demand,' Livestock, Disposal, Gases, Odor, Blodegradation, Fertilizers, Value, Nutrients, Pollutant identification. Identifiers: Population equivalents, Handling. Data on the most important of the physical, chemi- cal, and biological properties of poultry swine and cattle excreta have been reported, analyzed and discussed as to their value in the design of manure treatment facilities. The distinction is made between sewage and manure. Feed influences the quantity of waste and Its chemical composition. Little work has been done recently to determine the physical properties of animals wastes. The daily production of manure from farm animals varies considerably, The questions Is raised if it pays to collect and use animals manures as fertilizer. The availability of manure handling devices and disposal problem of wastes Indicates justification of application to soils, Poultry manure has highest fer- tilizer value, swine is next. The biochemical oxygen (BOD) test in used to determine pollutional strength of an organic waste in terms of the oxygen demand that the waste will exert on a water body if discharged into anatural watercourse in which aerobic conditions must be maintained. The chemi. cal oxygen demand (COD) test Is also used as an" index of strength of waste. A comparison is made of BOD and COD production mean values for man, hens, swine, and cattle. There is a lack of informa- tion on the composition of the gases, and on the control of odors produced as a result of the uncon- trolled biological degradation of manures. (Hazen- Iowa State) 246 image: ------- 0438 - Bl Still. CHKMICAI. CHANGES AND INFILTRA- TION RATK KKDUrTION UNDER SRWAUK SPKKADINC. Ki.hcrl A. Tuft Similar) (engineering Center, Cin- cinnati. Ohitt. R.I-:. Thomas. W. A. Schwartz. iind 'I. W. llcndixcn. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings. Vo! 3(1, 1 yftft, p 64 1 -C)4n. 1 1 fig, ,1 tab. I K ref. Descriptors: 'Infiltration. 'l.ysimctcis. Waste water treatment, Waste water disposal. Pcrmca- liiin, Chemical oxygen demand. Anaerobic condi- tions. Biochemical oxygen demand. Aerobic condi- tions. Disposal, Laboratory tests. Identifiers: •Soil-pore clogging. Applied sewage ef- fects. Microbiul activity, Infiltration rule. Laboratory and Held lysimeti-rs were used to in- vestigate the situ »nd nature of soil-pore clogging under sewage spreading I he site of clogging wax located by determining with a seepage meter the impedance profile at U.S-cm depth intervals. Soil samples were analy/cd Cor siilfidti. iron, phosphate, total organic matter, polvxaccharidc and polyuro- nidc ti> evaluate poiuiihlc causative relationships. The infiltration rate loss exhibited three phases: Phase I. u klow reduction under aerobic conditions; Phase II, a rapid reduction under anaerobic condi- tions: and Phase III. 11 further gradual decline under anaerobic coiuliiions. I he primary site of clogging wax the 0-1 -em depth of noil. Although Mill'klc wus an indicator of anaerobic conditions it was not a primary cause of clogging. Accumulation* of the other five measured constituents may contribute to clogging in both Phase I and Phase II. Organic matter was the only probable clogging agent to decline an Vie infiltration rate was partially recovered in a rest cycle. ( I la/en-Iowa State ) 0439 - C4, D4 THE DECOMPOSITION OF URIC ACID IN BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER, '•UJinburgh Univ. (Scotland). School of Agricul- ture; and F.dinbuigh Univ. (Scotland). Dc.pt. of Bacteriology. Henrietta K. Schcfferlc. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol 2X. No 3. 1965. p. 4 1 2-420. I tub. 6 ref. Descriptor*: 'harm waste*. 'Decomposing organic matter, 'Bacteria. Poultry, Aeorbk bacteria. Nitrogen, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: *Uric acid decomposition, Corynuform bacteria, Urcasc activity. Ammonia formation. The decomposition of uric acid in built up poultry litter appears to he brought about almost exclusive- ly by the action of aerobic bacteria. Organism* decomposing uric acid usually comprised about one quarter of the bacterial population. There were (trains of cnryne bacterium mid less frequently strains of NOCARDIA. SIRICPTOMYCF.S. PSRU- DOMONAS. AUCAI.KJl.NF.S, ami ACHROMOBAl'TliR. Uric acid was converted to ammonia b) MIIIIC nfthe organ!.* mx hut only to urea by the majority. liydrnljsh tit uren to ammnnia could be brought about h> strains of coryncbaclcri- um, M ierococciis. Alcaliginen, Achromoh'nctcr, nnd cylophaga which had no action on uric acid. It is suggested that the iinimoniacal smell and high al- kalinity of built up poultry litter result largely from the decomposition of uric acid. The identity of the bacteria concerned is discussed. (Hazen-lowa State) 0440 - F2 LEGAL ASPECTS PERTAINING TO ENVIRON- MENTAL REGULATIONS IN PORK PRODUC- TION, Missouri Univ.. Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural Economic*. Donald R.Levi. American Pork Congress - Proceeding*. Environ- mental Quality Workshop. DC. Molne*. Iowa. Mar 3( 1971, p 103-111, Dctcriptor*: •Farm wattes. "Legal aspects. Water pollution. Air pollution, Public right*. Regulation, Judicial decisions. Damage*. Zoning. Permit., Maintenance, Water pollution control. Identifier*: Public regulation, Private regulation. Nuisance*, Legal principle.. Lawsuits, Liability. Actual damages. Punitive damages, Site selection. Public and private regulation of both air and water pollution is provided by pollution boards or com- mh*ion» and through nuisance laws. Two lawsuits are discussed so that the legal principle* involved might help determine what courses of action will help avoid such situations. In a nuisance law case the complaining party may ask for (I) an injunc- tion. (2) damages (either actual or punitive), or (3) both an injunction and damages. The nuisances in- volved may be either public or private. A plaintiff may have a better chance if the rights of the public are being affected. Methods of avoiding lawsuits in- clude the use of zoning, site selection, licensing proper maintenance, adequate facilities, and being a'good neighbor* (White-Iowa State) 0441 - C3 METHODS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF CHROMIC OXIDE IN ROVINE FECES, Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Animal Science. P. R. Utley, N. W. Bradley, and J. A. Boling. Journal of Dairy Science, Vol 54, No 7, p 1091- 1093. July 1971.1 tab. Href. Descriptor*: 'Animal waste, 'Chromium, 'Nutrient, Chemical analysis. Laboratory, Indica- tor*, Diurnal, Digeition, Suti.tical method. Time *erie> analyii*. Diet. Identifier.: 'Corn-urea diet, Blender, Chromium oxide, Feces, Fecal recovery, Ground corn. Fecal samples were prepared by four different method* to observe the variation and per cent recovery of added chromic oxide with each method. Variation was greatest in the sample* dried and ground with a Wiley mill and those homogenized and analyzed wet. The standard er- ror* of the sample* dried and ground with a hand grinder and those homogenized and analyzed dry were lower than those of the other two groups of camples. The average per cent recovery ranged from a low of 98.8% (homogenized, analyzed wet) to a high of 100.2% (homogenized, analyzed dry). The variation in chromic oxide concentration tended to be greater in samples containing the highe.t per cent moisture at time of analysis. (Bun- dy-lowa State) 0442 - AS, B2, Fl CAN LIME AND CHLORINE SUPPRESS ODORS IN LIQUID HOG MANURE, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering, C. W. Ham _. W. Hammond, D. L. Day, and E. L. Hansen. Agricultural Engineering. Vol 49, No 6, p 340-343, June 1968.4 fig. g lab. Descriptors: 'Lagoons, 'Anaerobic bacteria, •Chlorination, 'Hydrated lime. Sand filler., Mosi- ture content, Biochemical oxidation demand. Chemical oxidation demand, Swine-, Air circula- tion. Organic waile. Evaporation, Hydrogen ion concentration, Odor. Identifier*: 'Hog confinement building, Slatted floors. Experimental farm. Liquid hog manure. Liquid manure collected in pits beneath self-clean- ing slatted floors support* anaerobic bacteria that produce objectionable gate* and odor* in the hog confinement building. Studies were instituted to check the use of lime and chlorine for preventing the production of these odors. The studies in- dicated that hydrated lime reduced the production of hydrogen sulfide, but to a lesser extent than the chlorine. It did not prevent the liberation of am- monia. The hydrated lime required to maintain the desired pH would cost $0.62 per hog for 6 months at $2.20 per 100 Ib. Chlorine treatment is an effec- tive deterrent of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and carbon dioxide. The cost of adding enough chlorine to fill the chlorine demand is about $6.40 per hog for 6 months, based on a cost of JO.54 per gal. for the sodium hypochlorite. Chlorine and lime were also effective in controlling maggots and rodents in the building. Chlorine seemed most effective. Sand-bed filtering was also found effective in trapping solids and organic matter. Fewer than 5 per cent of the solids penetrated the sand to any significant depth, the large.! portion being left on surface. (Brundy-lowa State) 0443 - C4, D4 SULFUR BACTERIA IN RED LAGOONS, Nebraska State Dept. of Health. Lincoln. Div. of Environmental Engineering. O. Sletten, and R. H. Singer. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 43, No 10, October 1971, p 2118-2122. 27 ref. Descriptors: 'Lagoons, 'Sulfur bacteria. 'Pig- ments, Oxidation lagoons. Farm wastes. Aerobic conditions. Anaerobic digestion, Anaerobic bac- teria. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Red pigmentation, Thiorhodaceae. Widespread investigations demonstrate that vari- ous genera of photosynthctic sulfur bacteria of the family Thiorhodaceae are usually responsible for red pigmentation in anaerobic caste stabilization lagoon*. A number of these genera display only ' .light difference, in morphology. Further tax- onomic study may reveal that such differences represent nothing more than environmental reac- tion* of a single genus. From observation* and ex- perience relating to the photosynthetic sulfur bac- teria, the author* concur with other investigators on the possible practical role of these organisms in anaerobic waste lagoon*. If the organisms arc not naturally present in the lagoon, it ha. been recom- mended that they be introduced into it by massive .inoculation. Their practical value lies in their potential ability to destroy reduced sulfur com- pounds and eliminate or reduce offensive odors (Parker-Iowa State) 0444 - A2, C4 PROLONGED SALMONELLA CONTAMINA- TION OF A RECREATIONAL LAKE BY RU- NOFF WATERS, Wisconsin Univ., Madison; Medical School Wisconsin State Lab. Hygiene. Madison. D. G. Claudon, D. I. Thompson, E. H. Christenson, G. W. Lawton, and E. C. Dick. Applied Microbiology. May 1971, Vol 21. No 5, p 875-877. 2 tab, 11 ref. V Descriptor*: 'Salmonella. Water pollution source* 'Recreation facilities. Runoff, Lakes. Beaches! Sampling Bacteria, Tributaries. Streams, Bayou. Sewage, Wisconsin. Identifier.: 'Lake Mendota. Contamination. Wash- water, Moore iwab, Madison (Wise). In the summer and fall of 1968 various Salmonella serotypes were isolated from a portion of Lake Mendota. the major recreational lake for Madison Wisconsin. The apparent sources of these orean- nnu were a residential storm sewer and a Univmi- ty of Wisconsin Experimental Farms' washwater dram. Salmonellae were isolated with regularity mTf* IWItmmin* beach loc«ted approximately 0.5 mile from these source*. (Parker-Iowa State) 247 image: ------- 0445 - A2, F4 EFFLUENT DISPOSAL, Lactose Co. of New Zealand Ltd., Kapuni. J.M.Wood. New Zealand Journal of Dairy Technology, Vol 4, No 4, December 1969, p 238-242. Descriptors: 'Dairy industry, 'Waste disposal, •Water pollution sources, Legislation, Administra- tion, Organic wastes, Biochemical oxygen demand, Milk, Oxidation, Water pollution control. Water pollution, Water temperature. Dissolved oxygen. Identifiers: 'New Zealand, Water Pollution Act, Effluent, Disposal An increasing concern in the preservation of natu- ral water resources, and their protection from pol- lution is appearing in New Zealand even though the problem has not reached serious proportions there. This author has reviewed the New Zealand legisla- tion with respect to this problem, especially the Water and Soil Conservation Act of 1967. He also reviews some aspects of river pollution and its causes and effects. He finishes with a brief discus- sion of some effluent treatment and disposal methods, with particular reference to the dairy in- dustry. (Parker-Iowa State) 0446 - El, F3 BASIC POINTS TO CONSIDER IN MANURE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS, Richard D. Chumney. Poultry Digest, December 1970, p 608. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Waste disposal, Regulation, Costs, Environmental effects, Technology. Identifiers: Recycling. The greatest deterrent to future progress of the U.S. poultry industry is the lack of technological and managerial know-how for proper and efficient disposal of poultry waste. In approaching the problem the following points should be considered: (1) Regulatory enforcement should not exceed the present 'state of the art.' (2) The cost of waste disposal must be included as a regular cost of doing business. (3) New techniques for the recycling of poultry waste into the soil and as feed supplements is the best long range approach. (4) Every precau- tion must be taken to protect our total environment as we dispose of poultry waste. (Parker-Iowa Stale) 0447 - F4 LIVESTOCK WASTES, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J.R. Miner. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 43, No 6, June 1971, p 991-998. 60 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'W,aste disposal, •Reviews, Waste treatment, Publications, Cases, Odors, Soil disposal fields, Aerobic treatment, Aeration, 'Reviews, Bibliographies. Identifiers: 'Livestock wastes, 'Literature review, Feedlot runoff. This is a review nf the literature on research in the area of livestock waste management and its in- fluence on watei quality. Discussions include waste treatment systems, waste characteristics, manure handling systems, gases and odors, application of wastes to cropland and cattle feedlot wastes. A short review of sixty references in this area is given. (Parker-Iowa State) 0448 - D4, E4 INDIAN UTILIZES NOVEL MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEM, Patel Poultry Farm, Boroda (India). Jawahar D. Patel. Poultry Digest, Vol 26, p 100-101, 1967. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Methane, 'Gases, •Anaerobic digestion. Fertilizers, Odor, Tempera- ture, Disposal, Poultry. Fuels. Identifiers: India, Working details. An anaerobic digester that converts poultry manure into useful methane gas is being utilized in India. Poultry manure gives 1.5 to 2.0 cu. ft. of gas per pound in a short period of digestion and at a temperature of 35 degrees C. 35.3 cu. ft. of methane is equivalent to 2.2 kilowatt-hours of elec- trical energy. The digested manure is a valuable fertilizer because it supplies not only nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, iron, cupper, cobalt, maganese, calcium, magnesium, etc., in a well-balanced proportion, but also most valuable humus to plants for successful crop production. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0449 - Fl, F4 WASTES FROM THE POULTRY INDUSTRY, National Agricultural Advisory Service, Guildford (England). C. T. Riley. Agriculture, Vol 75, No 8, p 374-376, Aug 1968. Descriptors: • Poultry, Reclamation, Waste disposal. Nitrogen, Fertilizer, Protein, Moisture. Identifiers: 'Refeeding wastes. Cage layers, Broilers, Deep litter, Recycling. Some waste materials normally produced by the poultry industry are defined and their relative im- portance is indicated. The increasing volume of wastes produced and the economics of utilizing these poultry wastes are discussed. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0450 - A3, A4, C3 NITRATE AND SALT IN SOILS AND GROUND WATERS FROM LAND DISPOSAL OF DAIRY MANURE, D. C. Adriano, P. F. Pratt, and S. E. Bishop. Soil Science Society American Proceedings, Vol. 35,1971. p. 759-762, 3 fig, 3 tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution sources, Ciroundwater, Salinity, Leaching, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Irrigation, Pastures, Lagoon, Application rate. Identifiers: 'Dairy wastes, Chino-Corona Basin, Feedlots, Well waters. The NO3 - contents of soils and ground waters un- derneath lands used for disposal of manures from dairies in the Chino-Corona Basin were deter- mined. Soil and water samples were taken from 15 holes drilled to the top of water table in sites representing corrals, irrigated croplands, and pastures used as disposal areas. Considerable amounts of NO3- and salt were found in soil profiles underneath the disposal areas, although the magnitude was not as high as in profiles under cor- rals. Average NO3- -N concentrations in waters sampled from water tables were 26, 57,45, and 74 ppm for control (undisturbed), corral, cropland, and pasture sites, respectively, exceeding the PHS recommended limit of 10 ppm NO3- -N for safe drinking water. Domestic well water* pumped from deeper aquifers averaged 6 ppm of NO- -N. Con- tributioni of NO3- -N to ground waters, as in- dicated by deep soil samples, on a per unit area ba- sis, tended to be: corralSpastureScropland. Existing conditions in the study area need some modifica- tions if acceptable quality of the ground waters is to be maintained. (Bundy-lowa State) 0451 - A9, C4, D4 REDUCTION OF SALMONELLA IN COMPOST IN A HOG-FATTENING FARM OXIDATION VAT, E. H. Kampelmacher, and L. M. Jansen. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 43, No 7, July 1971, p 1541-1545. 4 fig, 3 tab, 3 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Oxidation ponds, Fer- tilizer, Swine, Aerobic, Aeration, Bacteria, Ef- fluent, •Salmonella, Samples, Confinement pens, •Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Oxidation vats. Bacteria count. Hog-fat- tening farm. Aerobic flora. In recrnt years the number of large hog-fattening farms, ulirre frequently thousands of animate are fattened, lias increased greatly. On these farms, the disposal or urine and fecei, which in such large quantities can no longer be used for fertilization, constitutes a serious problem. In order to deal with it by means of purification, oxidation vats have been constructed and oxidation ditches dug on these farms. A description is given of experiment* carried out with a small experimental oxidation vat suitable for 160 hogs and installed on a hog-fatten- ing farm in Wageningen by the Institute Landbouw en Bedrijfsgebouwen. The study was performed to determine whether bacteriological reduction in general and elimination of Salmonella in particular occur. The reduction of Salmonella in composts in an experimental oxidation vat on a hog-fattening farm was shown to be approximately 100-fold. A* long as the excretion of Salmonella in the feces of the hogs remain low, only small numbers of Sal- monella bacteria will be sluiced out with the ef- fluent, thus, the possibility of human and/or animal infection in surface water may be regarded as very slight. As soon as either the number of hogs or the number of excreted bacteria, or both, increase*, the plant can no longer adequately reduce the number of lalmonellae to the extent that the ef- fluent can be sluiced out into open water without the danger of human or animal infection. There- fore, it is recommended that adequate chlorination of the effluent of such plants be considered. (Bun- dy-lowa State) 0452 - A4, C3 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION, Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science. Robert W. Gillham, and L. R. Webber. Water and Pollution Control, Vol 106, No 5, p 54- 57, May 1968. 5 fig. 1 tab. 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Oroundwater. 'Piezometry, 'Water table, 'Surface-groundwater relationships, 'Water pollution sources, Infiltration, Wastes, Hydraulic conductivity. Subsurface drainagr, Transmistivity, Head loss, Darcys law, Time la?., Nitrogen com- pounds. Nitrates, Discharge measurement. Discharge (Water), On-site data collections. Un- derflow. Identifiers: 'Hydraulic potential,Canada. All inorganic salts of N are very soluble in water and N in the nitrate form is particularly hazardous for both humans and livestock. Barnyards and feedlot* may be prime sources of inorganic N in groundwater. A piezometric network was installed radially throughout a barnyard for determination of groundwater discharge out of the barnyard so that . it could be correlated with the change* in the N concentration of the water as it passed beneath the barnyard. The active head of water in a given piezometer was measured at different tines. Its basic time lag, together with the geometry of the piezometer, could be used to calculate hydraulic conductivities from a large number of site*. These were then used to construct a map of isopotential lines indicating change* in hydraulic potential with distance. A simplifying assumption was that hydraulic potential did not vary vertically in the water table to bedrock. Together with N measure- ments at variou* depths to bedrock, the result* showed that the barnyard contributed 0.00189 Ib N/hr to the groundwater, or about 17.5 Ib N/yr. This was considered surprisingly low, since the manure of a single cow could produce 74 Ib N/yr. (Casey-Arizona) 248 image: ------- 0453 - A3, F3 PLANT NUTRIENTS AND WATER QUALITY. C. R. Frink. Agricultural Science Review, Vol 9, No 2, Second Quarter 1971. p 11 -25. 4 tab. 3 fig. 34 ref. Descriptors: 'Cycling nutrient!, Water quality con- trol, Fertilizers, 'Nutrients, Watersheds (Basins), •Farm wastes, Surface runoff, Subsurface runoff, Systems analysis, Farm wastes, Nitrogen, Nitrates, Agricultural chemicals. Fertilizers, Phosphorus, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'Plant nutrients. Political units. Farm- ing systems. Nutrient yields to waterways were examined in three wayt: direct measurements in watersheds, analysis of farming systems, and calculations for political subdivisions. Direct measurements in watersheds have shown, for example, that agricul- tural runoff supplied significant quantities of nitrogen in the Potomac River Basin but was not an important source of phosphorus. Farming systems analysis was proposed to avoid the cost of a na- tional water monitoring network. Such things as various methods of fertilizer application were con- sidered. And the possibility of sewage effluent to a soil-crop filter rather than dilution in streams. The calculations of nutrient sources for political units should help us establish priorities in the expensive process of providing clean water. We ought to direct our efforts towards minimizing nutrient yields from all significant sources, and ask how much stopping the yields will cost society. The author suggests that we abandon our preoccupa- tion with obtaining the maximum yield per acre and consider initead a system analysis of agricultural practices that will maximize all benefits to society. (Parker-Iowa State) 0454 - Al, F2, F3 SOCIAL ASPECTS OK ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, Oregon State Univ., Corvallii. Air Resources Center. Robert M. Alexander. Oregon Water Resources Research Institute, Cor- vtllis. March 1971. 4» p. 31 ref. OWRR Project A- 999-ORB(l). Descriptors: 'Social aspects, 'Resource allocation, 'Pollution abatement, 'Industrial wastes. Environ- mental sanitation. Cost-benefit analysis, Market- Ing, Economics, Feasibility studies. Diseconomies of scale. Social values, Social change, Social needs, Pollutants, Water pollution. Air pollution. Pesti- cide toxkity, Radiation. Radioactivity effects. Watte disposal, Pollution abatement. Judicial deck sionl, Administrative agencies, Regulation, Per. mitt. The social aspects of environmental pollution resulting from scientific and technological changes in industry are examined. Specific side effect* stu- died include air and water pollution, pesticide tox- icity, and ionizing radiation. These are considered from several economic and political viewpoints. Social goals are broken down to determine the degree of pollution abatement possible in view of the costs involved. The extent to which society is willing to bear the cost of controlling industrial pol- lution, and who will bear these expenditures is analyzed. The article examines the market mechsnism, tide effects, and external cost*, con- centrating upon the market mechanism and its role in allocating resources. Alternative* an suggested for dealing with the tide effects of pollution: (I) the establishment and protection of rights by private negotiation, (2) adversary proceeding*, measures to •trengthen Judicial proceedings, and eourts M • political force In fostering environmental quality (3) regulation by licensing and permit Issuance and (4) incentive programs baaed upon payments or charges. The article concludes with • reassess- ment of key social itcues In relation to a reordering ?I prio™tie,1 ** "* to flvor environmental quality. (Reea-Florida) 0455 - El, F4 ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL BECOMES A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dairy Science. S. L. Spahr. Illinois Research, Vol 12. No 4. p 4-5, Fall t970. Descriptor*: 'Disposal, 'Odor, Farm wastes. Ru- noff, Illinois, EqiitHKBt, Farm lagoons. Gases. Water pollution control, Storage pits. Waste treat- ment. Identifiers: Feedlot runoff. Oxidation ditch. Pollu- tion potential. Uses, Research needs. Many of the current systems of animal waste disposal may create serious health and pollution problems. Little knowledge is available to solve many of the problems facing the livestock produ- cers. Current technology and future research needs for waste disposal arc discussed. (Christenbury- fowa State) 0456 - A5, Bl TRY TO KEEP ODORS UNDER CONTROL, J.L. Skinner. Poultry Digest, March 197 1 . p 1 1 6. Descriptors: 'Odor, Farm wastes, Poultry, Livestock, Management, Disposal, Public rights, •Waste treatment. Identifiers: 'Odor control, Public relations. Four suggestions are given for managing conditions related to odor problem*: (1) Reduce spillage and overflow from watering systems. (2) Make sure that manure removal systems actually remove manure and do not leave unnecessary accumula- tions in corners, adjacent to winch and drive mechanisms, and around discharge elevators. (3) Use only manure transport vehicles that do not spill or leak on roadway*. (4) Avoid field spreading manure near residences, close to road*, late in the afternoon of still days or on weekends. (Hazen- lowa) 0457 - B2, D4, E2 PARv Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, University Park. N.H. Wooding. Special Circular 154 (1971), (2 p, 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Aerobic treatment, •Sprinkler irrigation, Solid wastes, Effluents, Treatment facilities, Lagoons, Milk, Irrigation systems. Permits, Pennsylvania, Legislation, Sep- tic tanks, Liquid wastes, 'Dairy industry. Cattle, •Waste water treatment, 'Waste water disposal Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Milking parlor wastes. Pennsylvania Clean Streams Law. The problem of disposing of liquid wastes from dairy operations is becoming increasingly impor- tant in the light of current legislation. The Pennsyl- vania Clean Streams Law and its effect upon this disposal are discussed. The Clean Streams Law requires a waste water disposal permit for any facility that will discharge into surface or un- derground waters, create • danger of polluting these waters, or may be necessary for effective regulation of the facility even though it doe* not have a direct discharge. One of the major problem* of a dairy operation is the disposal of milking parlor liquid wastes. One method of treat- ment is the use of aerobic lagoons, anaerobic lagoons being unacceptable due to the production' of odor*. Solid wastes and milk should be ex- cluded to prevent overloading the system. The wastewater from the lagoon can be disposed of with a sprinkler-irrigation system. (Dortand-Iowa State) 0458 - D4, E2 USE OF SOIL TO TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT: DESIGN AND OPERA- TION OF A FIELD DISPOSAL SYSTEM, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Dale H. Vanderholm, and Craig E. Beer. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 1 3, No 5, p 562-564, Sept-Oct 1970. I tab, 2 fig, 17 ref. OWRR Project A-021-IA (3). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Irrigation systems, Runoff, Farm lagoon. Livestock, Pollutants, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen, Odor, Storage capacity. Identifiers: 'Land requirements, Livestock wastes. The study was initiated to investigate the pertinent variables involved and evaluate the performance of an irrigation system for the disposal of livestock waste. It was desired to determine irrigation rates, frequencies, and quantities that would result in satisfactory renovation of the lagoon effluent with no detrimental effects. The results indicate, that for waste-water irrigation, the tabulated rates for clear water are too high and should be reduced, possibly 30 to 50 percent. The average COD removal was 97 percent. Smaller applications made more frequently were the most efficient for COD reduc- tion. 80 percent of the nitrogen is removed. 99 per- cent of the phosphates were removed. This method of waste disposal appears feasible. The results of the study indicate an optimum level for the ob- served soil and climatic conditions of about 2 in. of lagoon effluent per week during the growing season. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0459 - B2, E2 LIQUID MANURE FOR MIDWEST SWINE PRODUCTION, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Liquid Manure for Midwest Swine Production, D.G.Jedele. Transactions of ASAE, Vol 2. No 1 , 1 959. p 9- 1 0. 6 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Swine, Septic tank, Sewage lagoons. Liquid waste. Irrigation. Confine- ment pens, Animal disease. Liquid wastes, Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Tank wagon, 'Spreaders, Storage tank. Material handling. Hand scraping. With the trend of raising swine in confinement, renewed interest in liquid manure disposal is being created. The primary method used by Illinois swine producers is the collection of liquid manure in storage tanks, and then the disposal by tank wagon on crop land. The finishing Doors are normally on slopes varying from 1/4 inch per foot to one inch per foot. The methods of cleaning floors range from hand scraping followed by water rinsing to high pressure water rinsing only. For hand scraping combined with rinsing about 1/4 gal. of water per hog is required. For high pressure rinsing about 1/2 gal. of water per hog is required. For computing capacities for storage tanks, a minimum of 2 gal. per hog per day is suggested. Up to this time most spreading equipment is homemade. The spreader used ranged from 6 ft. to 20 ft. spread per swath. (Bundy-lowa State) 0460 - B3 LITTER 249 image: ------- Poultry Science, Vol SO, No 4, p 1200-1202, July 1971.2 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Air ventilation, 'Consumptive use, 'Efficiency, Disease, Chicken, Air contamination. Identifiers: 'Mortality, Enclosed housing, Open housing, White Plymouth Rock, Reused litter, Win- dowlesstype housing, Marck disease, Leukosis. There has been considerable interest in the use of windowless-type houses for the production of broilers in the South. It is of general agreement that houses with fan ventilation are superior to the con- ventional house with respect to growth, feed con- version, mortality and condemnation of broilers to market age. The results of tests run to verify the hypothesis indicated that there were no real dif- ferences in the performance of broilers grown in open or enclosed housing or on new or old litter. Therefore, under the conditions of this study it is not possible to justify the cost of providing insu- lated, fan-ventilated housing for broilers. Also, since the type of litter did not affect condemnation, it is similarly not justified to recommend the use of new litter between successful lots of broilers from the standpoint of mortality or condemnations. (Bundy-lowa State) 0461 - B3 FUMIGATION AND REUSE OF BROILER LITTER, Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Dept. of Animal Science. E. Ross, and A. Y. Miyahara. Poultry Science, Vol 50, No 4, p 1096-1100, July 1971. 4 tab, 12 ref Descriptors: 'Bacteria. Poultry, Disease, Feeds, Bactericide, Microorganisms. Identifiers: 'Methyl bromide, 'Mortality rate, Reused litter, Coccidia, Concentration, Weight gain, Sterilized poultry litter, Broilers, Soil, Fumi- gant, Build up litter. The scarcity of conventional litter material in some parts of the country is an increasing concern to broiler producers/The effect of methyl bromide fu- migation of reused litter on chicken growth, feed conversion and mortality was investigated as a possible solution. To test these effects 6 trials on commercial broiler chicks were made. In 6 trials, commercial broiler chicks were reared on fresh wood shavings litter, reused wood shavings litter and reused wood shavings litter that had been fumi- gant with 1-10 kg. of methyl bromide/20.5 m.2 of litter. Increasing levels of fumigant reduced the bacterial count in the litter without achieving sterilization and without otherwise affecting weight tains, feed conversion or mortality. (Bundy-lowa tate) 0462 - Cl, C5 NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY USING FECAL COLLECTION APPARATUS AND INDICATOR METHOD FOR STEERS FED AD LIBITUM, Kentucky Univ., Lexington. P. A. Phar, N. W. Bradley,C. O. Little, L. V. Cundiff, and J. A. Holing. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 33. No 3, p 695- 697, September 1971. 4 tab, 12 ref. Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Nutrients, Analytical techniques, Animal waste, Confinement pens. Cat- tle. Identifiers: 'Chromic oxide indicator, 'Fecal col- lection apparatus, Pelleted ration. Ad libitum, Feed trial, Crude protein. Crude fiber, Ether extract. Gross energy coefficient, Steer. Six 2-year-old steers weighing an average of 453 kg were randomly assigned to a cross-over design to study the effects of fecal collection apparatus on the apparent digestibility of nutrients when a complete, pelleted ration was fed ad libitum and to compare total collection versus chromic oxide in- dicator coefficients. Chromic oxide was mixed with the ration prior to pelleting at the rate of 0.5%. Fecal samples were taken twice during a 24-hr. period and composited at the end of the 6-day col- lection period for each steer. Sampling times representing each 2-hr, interval were randomly as- signed to days. Average daily feed intake was not significantly affected by fecal collection apparatus. There was no significant difference in crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, N.F.E. or gross energy coefficients calculated by the conventional and indicator methods; however, there was a sig- nificantly (PA.OI) lower dry matter coefficient when calculated by indicator method. When the in- dicator method of estimating digestibility was used to compare the effect of collection apparatus ver- sus no apparatus on digestibility of nutrients, the N.F.E. digestibility was significantly (PA.05) tower in the steers without the fecal collection apparatus. Coefficients of digestibility for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and gross energy were not significantly (PS.05) affected by fecal col- lection apparatus. (Bundy-lowa State) 0463 - C3, E3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POULTRY MANURE. Poultry Digest, p 439-441, September 1971. 4 tab. Descriptors: 'Chemical waste, 'Crop response, Es- sential nutrients. Chemical analysts. Poultry, Or- ganic acids. Rates of application, Nutrients. Identifiers: 'Broiler houses, 'Micronutrients, 'Laying house. Wasted feed. The value of poultry manure as a crop fertilizer has been measured primarily in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Very little considera- tion has been given to the micronutrients content. There are substantial amounts of calcium, magnesi- um, and sulfur. The micronutrients includes man- ganese, iron, boron, copper, zinc, and molyb- denum. The mean calcium and magnesium con- tents of broiler manure were 1,97 and 0.37%, respectively, which were less than for hen manure with calcium content of 3.42% and magnesium of 0.32%. With present knowledge of the require- ments of most crop plants for micronutrients in- dicates that, except in cases of extreme deficiency, application of three to five tons per acre of broiler or hen manure annually would maintain and adequate supply of these elements. (Bundy-lowa State) 0464 - Cl EXTRACTION OF BILE ACIDS FROM RAT FECES CONTAINING CHOLESTYRAMINE, Mead Johnson Research Center, Evansville, Ind. Dept. of Nutritional Research. J. D. Manes, and D. L. Schneider. Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 12, No 3, p 376- 377,1971. Descriptor): 'Gas Chromatography, 'Rodents, Chemical analysis, Laboratory animals, Laboratory tests. Methodology, Test procedures. Analytic techniques. Identifiers: 'Bile acids. Gas-liquid Chromatog- raphy, OV-2,J. The fecal extraction procedure described by Evrard and Janssen was inadequate for the complete extraction of conjugated bile acids from feces containing the bile acid sequestrant, cholestyramine. As judged by gas-liquid chromato- graphic analysis, substitution of 0.5 n HCI in ab- solute ethanol for glacial acetic acid allowed for complete recovery (98-104%) of three different conjugated bile salts in the presence of the resin. (Parker-Iowa State) 0465 - Al, C3, C5 FRED ADDITIVE RESIDUES IN POULTRY MANURE Agricultural Research Service, Belteville, Md. C.C. Calve rt. Poultry Digest, August 1971, p 396-398. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Feeds, 'Additives, Arsenic compounds, Animal diseases. Farm wastes, An- tibiotics, Environmental effects. Identifiers: 'Feed additives, Residues, Growth stimulants. At this stage, very little is known as to the potential hazard to the environment represented by com- monly used feed additives. The amount of residues excreted and the composition of that residue of such additives as antibiotics, arsenicals, nitrofurant and others are discussed. Studies are cited giving the present state of knowledge on these residues and their pollutional effects on the environment. (Parker-Iowa State) 0466 - A4, C4 INFILTRATION RATES AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY BENEATH CATTLE FEEDLOTS, TEXAS HIGH PLAINS, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Geoscience. William D. Miller. Environmental Protection Agency-Water Quality Office, Water Pollution Control Research Series Report, January 1971. 55 p, 26 fig, 11 tab, 6 ref. EPA Program 16060 EOS 01 /71. Descriptors: 'Nitrates, 'Oroundwater, Water quality,' 'Infiltration, Soils, Drainage, Seepage, Ru- noff, Water pollution sources. Path of pollutants, Water analysis. Identifiers: 'Ogallala formation, 'Core chemistry, Permeability, 'Texas High Plains, Geologic en- vironment, 'Feedlot runoff. Detailed field and laboratory studies of five feedlots were conducted to determine field seepage rates and distributive geometry of infiltrated ru- noff. Practical field seepage rates at these sites ranged from 2 to 20 feet/year. Dispersal rates of ions in the groundwater zone varied from 45 to 400 feet/year. Nitrogen (NO3, NO2, NH4, Org-N) and common chemical parameters (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, TDS, pH, and conductance) were determined in cores and groundwater samples; based on groundwater analyses from 80 Texas High Plains feedlots, rates of concentration of NO3-N and Cl in groundwater beneath feedlots range from 0.07 to 0.4 p.p.m. per year, and average 0.17 p.p.m. per year. Laboratory determined constant head verti- cal permeability of cores from 22 feedlot sites revealed a range in values of .01 to .000001 cm/sec for Ogallala sediments, .0001 to 10 to the minus 7th power cm/sec for near-surface material of floodplains and feedpen-runoff surfaces, and values of .000001 to 10 to the minus 8th power cm/sec for playa clay. Factors related to runoff-infiltration were correlated with groundwater quality, and it was determined, that local surficial material and re- • gional soils patterns are closely related to quality of groundwater beneath feedlots. Direct correlation of water quality does not exist with feedpen-runoff slope, cattle load, and surface-area ratios of drainage basin to collection system. 0467 - AS, C3 IDENTIFICATION OF FEEDLOT ODORS, California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center. J. Fosnaugh, and E. R. Stephens. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (final re- port). Grant No UIOOS31-02. p 1-24, April 30, 1969.3 fig, 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Chromatography. lonization, Laboratory tests, 'Odors, Chemical analysis, 'Farm waste. Organic compounds, Cattle, 'Pollu- tant identification. 250 image: ------- Identifiers: • Feedlot odort. Field analyzing technique, Ambient concentration, loniiation de- tector, Trimethylimine, Aminei. The proximity of cattle feedlots to luburban hom- ing hai created loeil air pollution problemi which in tome initancei have forced feedlots to ceaie operation or to move. The principal objective of this project wai to identify the odorant compound! and to develop method! for their detection and measurement. Several piece! of evidence point to the light weight aminei as the principal offender!. In particular, trimethylamine hat an odor threshold below I ppb and cm be detected in feedlot air at concentration! above thii. Other aminei, ammonia, and perhapi other compound! may alio contribute to the odor. Of the several analytical method! tested gli chromalography and paper chromatog- raphy showed the moil promise. Neither was developed into routine u»e. (Bundy-lowa State) 0468 - A6, Bl EFFECT OF VENTILATION ON THE CAS CONCENTRATION IN A PART-SLATTED PIC- GERY, North of Scotland Coll. of Agriculture, Aberdeen. Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit. A. M.Robertson,and H.Galbraith. Farm Building Research and Development Studies May 1971.9 fig. 3 tab, 21 ref. Descriptors: 'Gases, 'Hogs, 'Ventilation, Effects, •Carbon dioxide, 'Ammonia, 'Hydrogen sulfide, Air circulation, Wane storage, Storage tanki, En- vironmental effect!, Temperature, Toxicity, Animal physiology. Identifiers: 'Gai concentration. Slotted floor, Manure, Swine. The concentrations of carbon dioxide, ammonia, oxygen, and hydrogen lulfide were recorded over the dung channel of a slatted floored houae for growing/finishing pigs. Data was collected at ven- tilation rates varying from 0.262 m cu/h kg to 1.2)4 m cu/h kg live weight and during emptying of the channel. At summer ventilation ralea concentra- tions of 7.6 ppm H2S, 9.1 ppm NH3 and 600 ppm CO2 were recorded. Concentration of toxic gates increased with volume of manure in the channel and depended on the ventilation rate. At winter ratei concentrations in excess of 20 ppm H2S were recorded. (Parker-IowaState) 0469 - AS, C3 WHY DOES IT .SMELL SO HAD, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dcpt. uf Agricultural Engineering. Clyde L. Barlh. Paper presented at the IU7() Annual Meeting American Society of Agricultural Engineers, ASAE 70-416. 22 p, 5 fig. I tab, fiS rcf. Descriptors: 'Odor, Farm wastes, Pollutants, Strength, Temperature, Instrumentation, Measure- ment. Identifiers: 'Smell, Olfactory mechanism. Percep- tion. Theories. Literature, Odor quality, Stimuli. Researchers must learn more about manure odin production and control. Many unanswered problems fuce the farmer now. A review of per- tinent literature clarifies the present status of the knowledge of odor perception, and create* an awareness of the pitfalls to be avoided in planning, conducting and anuly/ing odor related research. (Christcnhury-lowa State) 0470 - AS, D2 CONTROLLING ODORS FROM CATTLE FEED LOTS AND MANURE DEHYDRATION OPERA- TIONS, Memphis Cattle Feeders, Inc.. Millington, Tenn. Robert Moorman, Jr. Air Pollution Control Association Journal, Vol 15, 1963, p 34-35. Descriptors: 'Farm waslea, 'Odors, Legal aspects Dehydration, Spraying, Disposal, Management. Identifier!: 'Feedlots, Public relations. This paper discusses various methods of odor con- trol for cattle feed lots. The human and physical conditions that exist which allow and cause odor problems to ariie and become a community source of trouble are discussed. These include a negative attitude and a lack of understanding on the part of the parties concerned. The odor problems can be alleviated through cooperation and sincere effort. The use of dehydration units have been only par- tially successful. Public relations between feed lot and the community are very important. (Christen- bury-lowa State) 0471 - Bl. D2 ACCELERATION OF NATURAL DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE THROUGH MECHANI- CAL AGITATION, California Univ., Davis. James A Moore, and Samuel A. Hart. Unpublished paper. Presented Pacific Coast Re- gion American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1968. Paper No PC 68-121. 2 fig, 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sublimation, Drying, Moisture content. Till. Winter. Freeze drying. Freezing, Equipment. Identifiers: Relative humidity, Tiller drying, Natu- ral drying. Wet manure rather quickly becomes objectiontilly odorous. One solution to the manure problem would be an economical and efficient means of reducing the moisture content. The concept of sublimation was evaluated as a means of natural drying of poultry manure. The use of a mechanical agitator was incorporated into the system. The dry- ing phenomenon that allows clothes to dry in winter weather would not work with manure. The tiller-drying to accelerate natural drying of manure in summer was very effective. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0472 - A5, B2, Cl A VEAR IN THE LIFE OF A SLURRY COM- POUND. J.M.Kindell. Agriculture, Vol 78. No 6, p 268-269, June 1971. Descriptor!: »F«m waste. Cattle. Surface runoff, Slope. Economic feasibility, Waste storage. Storage capacity, Porosity, Odor, Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Slurry compound. Slurry disposal, Feed ration. To eliminate the difficulty of spreading the slurry compound from a dairy farm in northern Chilterns, a storage tank to hold the full winter's storage of slurry was built. The system was built for an opera- tion of sixty Friesian milkers. The storage area. 90 ft. long and 66 ft. wide, was excavated to an average depth of 2 ft. which produced sufficient flinty clay material to form the tide and end walls. The excavated clay was used to built a bank around the area which would hold the slurry to a depth of about 3 to 4 ft. The disposal system was reasonably cheap to install, operate, and maintain and it avoided the daily or weekly chore of manure disposal in the winter. No smell, fly or other nuisance arose during the period of storage in the compound. On emptying, the smell, although powerful, was of limited duration. The amount of percolation into the subsoil appeared to be negligi- ble on account of the clay-based subsoil forming the floor of the compound. In calculating the storage capacity of the slurry compound, it seems prudent to be on the generous side. Half a cubic yard per cow per week for the winter housing period is a useful guide. (Bundy-lowa State) 0473 - F5 BOD OF CAPTIVE WILD ANIMAL WASTES. Tulane Univ., New Orleans, La. Dept. of Civil En- gineering. F. W. Macdonald.and H. R. Davis. Water and Sewage Works, Vol 113, February 1966, p 64-67. 2 tab, 2 ref. Descriptors; 'Biochemical oxygen demand Animals, Animal wastes (Wildlife). Identifiers: 'Wild animals. 'Zoo. Total solids. Cap- tive animals. Primates. The findings of an analysis of the animal waste from a zoo are reported. The total solids and the BOD per pound of animal are reported. The results of this study may well serve as a guide in the design of plant! for the disposal of wild animal wastes. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0474 - Bl, C2, C3, C5 PROPERTIES AND PUMPING CHARAC- TERISTICS OF HOG WASTES, E. P. Taiganidcs, T. E. Hazen, E. R. Baumann, and H.P.Johnson. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 7, p 123-124, 127, 129, 1964. 3 fig. I tab. Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Properties, •Pump testing, Solid wastes. Performance. Pump- ing, Efficiencies, Biochemical oxygen demand, Waste identification. Identifiers: 'Waste properties, 'Characteristics, Volatile solids. Hog wastes from a confinement hog production unit were analyzed for daily quantity and physical and chemical properties. The pumping charac- teristics of the untreated hog wastei were deter- mined with a diaphragm pump and a 6-inch auger. The quantity and quality of the manure are affected primarily by the size of the hogs, the type and quan- tity of the feed intake, the quantity of the water in- take and the air temperature. The daily quantity of manure removed varies with the time of year. The average total solids content of the manure was 18.5 percent and 13.6 percent during the hot and cold months of the year respectively. The total nitrogen of the manure was 7 percent of the total dry matter. Results of the auger pumping test showed that manure can be pumped with greater efficiency and less power consumption than water. With the diaphragm pump the maximum pumping capacity for water is obtained at a higher pump speed than for manure under similar conditions of operation. The results of the pumping tests were presented graphically. (Parker-IowaState) 0475 - E3 LIQUID DIGESTED SEWAGE SLUDGE GIVES FIELD CROPS NECESSARY NUTRIENTS, O. C. Braids, M. Sobhan-Ardakani, and J. A. E. Molina. Illinois Research, Vol 12, No 3, Summer 1970, p 6- 7. 3 tab, 1 fig. v Descriptors: Sludge. Sludge disposal, »Sewage iludge, •Nutrients, Nitrates. Analysis, 'Field crops, Crop production. Soil analysis, Leaching, Corn, Sorghum. Lysimeters. Identifiers: Digested sludge, Heavy metali. Reed canary grass, Drain water. Irrigation of cropland with digested sludge is seen at a way of recycling the elements and reducing ul- timate disposal costs. To learn more about this Sub- ject, a study utilizing an existing lysimeter facility was conducted. A digested sludge having . 251 image: ------- content of 2 to 4 percent by weight was obtained from a sewage treatment plant. A 1-inch applica- tion of sludge on an acre contains about 330 pounds of nitrogen, 180 pounds of phosphorus and 40 pounds of potassium. Corn, Reed canary grass, and grain sorghums were grown with two levels of sludge irrigation; 10 inches in 1968 and 7 inches in 1969. This level, without exception, produced yields as good as, or better than, those obtained with water irrigation and relatively high levels of commercial fertilizer. In this test crop and leaf analysis were made as well as soil analysis. The drain water was also analyzed. One problem noted was the increased concentration of nitrate-nitrogen found in the water from the sludge-treated plots. The nitrogen content of digested sludge appears to be the first limiting factor to loading rate. (Parker- Iowa State) 0476 - C4 THE MICROFLORA OF SOUTHERN OHIO POULTRY LITTER, J. Lovett, J. W. Messer, and B. Read, Jr. Poultry Science, Vol 50, No 3, May 1971, p 746- 751.7 tab, 17 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Microor- ganisms, Ohio, Chemical analysis, Analytical techniques, Salmonella, Cultures, Coliforms, E. coli, Molds, Fungi, Plants, 'Waste identification. Identifiers: 'Microflora, Total count, Poultry litter. Poultry litter from four Southern Ohio farms was analyzed; the microflora was enumerated, and the fungal population was classified to genera. At each farm, litter was taken from several areas within the poultry house. Composite litter samples were ground in a Wiley mill. Three media and two incu- bation methods were evaluated before deciding on the total count procedure. TSA consistently yielded greater counts than either PCA or STCM. Litter pH and total bacterial and fungal counts in- creased with litter usage to about one month, then declined slightly and remained constant thereafter. Coliform and Escherichia coli were constant throughout the sampling period for all litter. After one week of litter use, approximately 10 per cent of the total microbial population was found to consist of coliform. Twelve fungal genera were identified from poultry feeds. A wider variety of mold genera was isolated from litter. (Parker-Iowa State) 0477 - C4, D4, E4 BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF ANIMAL WASTES TO NUTRIENTS, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Avian Science. B. F. Miller. Final report, May 1971. 69 p, 9 fig, 10 tab, 36 ref, append. Project no. HGW-PHS Solid Wastes Research Grant EC-00262-02. Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Lagoons, 'Chemical analysis. Crop response, Anaerobic bacteria. Odor, Aminp acid. Poultry, Cattle, Larvae. Incubation, Organic matter. Soil structure, Economics, Nutrients. Identifiers: 'Feed analysis. Automated manure handling. Caged laying. Crop yield. Plant nutrients. Fly eggs were placed in fresh poultry manure under different temperature (22 to 38C) and relative hu- midity (19 to 80%) conditions to determine the hatchability of fly eggs, growth of larvae, produc- tion of pupae and physical changes in the poultry manure. Moisture loss from the manure was recorded daily. The inoculation rates varied from 2 g. to 5 g. fly eggs per 4000 g. of fresh poultry manure. Fly eggs and larvae were also placed under caged laying hens for the catabolism of the manure as it was voided. Optimum yield of dry pupae was- obtained with a combination of 3 g. fly eggs in 4000 g. of fresh poultry manure at 27C and relative hu- midity of 41%. Moisture in the manure was reduced from 78.5 to 55.0%. When relative hu- midity was increased from 38 to 70% the yield of pupae at 34 to 38C was significantly (PAO.OI) in- creased. The combination of 2 g. eggs per 4000 g. of fresh manure produced significantly (PAO.01) heavier larvae. Hatchability of fly eggs in fresh poultry manure varied from 50.5 to 87.0%. In com- parison to fresh poultry manure, the manure residue had less odor, contained less moisture and was granular in texture. The fly larvae developed well under the caged layers, reducing freshly voided manure to granular material within a few hours. (Bundy-lowa State) 0478 - D4 LABORATORY STUDIES OF AEROBIC STA- BILIZATION OF SWINE WASTE, Minnesota Dept. of Health, Glenwood; Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. L. Irgens, and D. L. Day. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Vol 11, No I,p 1-10. 1966. 6 fig, 7 tab. II ref. Descriptors: 'Farmwastcs, 'Swine, Aerobic treat- ment. Waste disposal. Chlorination, Waste treat- ment, Oxygenation, Oxidation lagoons. Identifiers: Aerobic stabilization. Swine waste treatment. Aeration of wastes. Pig waste was allowed to accumulate in a pit beneath a slattered floor swine finishing building for one week or one month. Samples of this waste were brought to the laboratory for analysis and aerobic stabilization. It was concluded that adding raw waste continusouly to the aeration unit gave the best results. The treated effluent had a BOD of 10 to IS p.p.m. and contained only a trace of am- monia. Treatment by the aerobic process made the swine waste virtually odorless and stable. About 6 ft. 3 of liquid was required to dilute the waste from I SO Ib. pig at the beginning of the aerobic process and 2500 ft. 3 of air was needed per pound of BOD. However, the more efficient oxygenation obtained with an aeration rotor in an oxidation ditch might reduce the latter value considerably. It was esti- mated that 36 KWh might be required per pig per year for operation of the aeration rotor of an oxida- tion ditch chlorination of diluted swine waste eliminated a certain degree of odor and improved flocculation and dewateringof the solids. The COD of the chlorinated and filtered waste was reduced 72%. Chlorinated compounds of various types may have similar effects. (Hazen-Iowa State) 0479 - A6, Bl THE INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA ON CHICKENS, Nottingham Univ. (England). School of Agricul- ture. D. R. Charles, and C. G. Payne. British Poultry Science, Vol 7, p 177-187,189-198, 1966. 16 tab, 32 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, • Environmental ef- fects. 'Air pollution, 'Air pollution effects. Growth, Rates, Respiration, Performance, Produc- tivity. Ventilation, Air circulation. Poultry . Am- monia, Eggs. Identifiers: 'Ammonia toxicity, 'Food consump- tion. Ammonia concentrations. Respiration rates. Food conversion efficiency. A detailed description is given of studies done on the effects of air pollution on white leghorn chickens. The studies were done in two parts, one on broilers and replacement chickens and the second on laying hens. One hundred parts per mil- lion by volume of ammonia caused reductions in the respiration rates of adult hens between 7 and 24 percent. Broiler chickens from 28 days of age tended to eat less food than those reared in am- monia free atmospheres. At 100 p.p.m. of ammonia their growth rate was significantly reduced. Replacement laying pullets raised in ammonia con- taining atmospheres from 11-18 weeks of age had reduced food intake than those in ammonia free at- mospheres. Pullets raised in atmospheres with high ammonia concentrations matured up to two weeks later than those in atmospheres free of ammonia. Atmospheres of 105 p.p.m. of ammonia signifi- cantly reduced egg production after 10 weeks ex- posure. No effects were observed on egg quality. Voluntary food intake was reduced and live-weight gain was lower in ammoniatcd atmospheres. High protein, vitamin, and mineral diet prevented the onset of any deleterious effects of ammonia on egg production, even though food consumption fell to 75 g./bird/day at 29 C., 43% humidity and 104 p.p.m. of ammonia when a low energy diet was fed to hens in high ammoniatcd atmospheres. Their production deteriorated rapidly. (Hazen-Iowa State) 0480 - Cl, F5 CAGE AND KENNEL WASTE WATER, National Institutes of Health, Bcthcsda, Md. Div of Research Services, N. A. Jaworski, and J. L. S. Hickcy. This was reported as 'NIH Detergent for Mechani- cal Washing of Laboratory Glassware and Animal Cages' Sanitary Engineering Branch Project 136 (1955). Journal Water Pollution Control Federa- tion, Vol 34, No I, p. 40-43, Jan, 1962. 1 fig. 5 tab 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Waste water disposal, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, Wustc water. Water analysis. Animul wastes (Wildlife), Waste identification. Waste dilution. Waste water treatment. Laboratory animals. Identifiers: 'Waste water production, Total solids. Volatile solids. Composite samples, Cage cleaning wastes. Kennel. The National Institutes of Health is planning a laboratory-animal colony in an unscwcred urea. The waste water from the colony will require treat- ment on the site. The waste water from cage clean- ing and kennel cleaning is expected to represent a large percentage of the total sewage of the colony. A study of the volume and character of the waste water of a similar animal colony to the one por- poscd was made. Mechanical washers are used to clean the cages. Each washer contains a 1,000-gal- lon recirculaling wash water tank and a 500-gallon, rccirculating, rinse water tank. Excess water over- flows to the sewers. Samples of the overflow were collected at 30-minutc intervals. These samples were composited in proportion to the quantity of waste water from each machine. The BOD IN THE OVERFLOW WAS LESS THAN THAT IN THE WASTE WATER DRAINED FROM THE TANKS. The PH was 11.0 and the temperature was 140 to I60F of the waste water. The BOD, total solids, and volatile solids of the wustc water from hosing of the pens was approximately three times per unit volume as that found in domestic sewage. The waste water has a sharp, unplcasnat odor, which might constitute a problem when it is treated in a population area. (Hazen-Iowa State) 0481 - E2, E3, F5 RETURNING WASTES TO THE LAND, A NEW ROLE FOR AGRICULTURE, Agricultural Research Service, Phoenix, Ariz. Water Conservation Lab. Herman Bouwer. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 23, 1968,p. 164-168,2ftg, I tab, 22ref. Descriptors: 'Irrigation, 'Water reuse, 'Waste disposal. Sewage effluents, Water quality control. Identifiers: 'Waste water renovation. Land disposal. This article discusses the use of land or soil to dispose of and treat domestic, industrial, and agricultural sewage and watte*. Several projects are mentioned where this is being done on M ex- perimental or trial bull. The major objectives may 252 image: ------- be sludge removal, groundwatcr renewal. Irrigation or a combination of the three. The soil purifies the waste. Nutrients are also supplied to plants if the amount of effluent applied is not excessive. The economics of land disposal is also discussed. A more detailed description is given of the Flushing Meadows Project near Phoenix. Arizona. (Parker- ISU) 0482 - A2, A4, C5 THE EFFECT OF FARM WASTES ON THE POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS, Wisconsin Univ., Madison; and Marathon County Center, Wausau.Wis. S A. Witzel, N. E. Minshall, E. McCoy, R. J. Olsen, and K. T. Crabtree. Paper No. 69-428 presented at the 19(9 Annual . Meeting, American Society of Agricultural En- gineers at Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indi- ana June 22-25,1969.24 p. 2 fig, 4 tab, 14 ref. Pro- ject No. OWRR B-004-WIS (12), Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Groundwater, •Nutrients, 'Water pollution, Nitrates, Nitrites, Potassium, Phosphorus, Wells, Supplemental ir- rigation. Fertilizers, Fishkill, Eutrophication. Identifiers: 'Groundwater pollution, Well con- tamination. Algal growth, Deoxygcnation. Natural surface waters are subject to enrichment with the plant nutrients N; P, and K, and subsur- face waters1 are often subject to pollution with nitrate and nitrite nitrogen. A study was begun in 1963 to determine the sources and amounts of plant nutrient losses from agricultural operations and to locate any health hazards thst may result from the disposal of farm animal wastes. Nutrient losses in the base flow of southwestern Wisconsin streams during the period of high winter runoff totaled only 25% as much N and K and 10% as much P a* in the surface runoff. Heavy manure ap- plications in the vicinity of farm buildings or large feedlot operation! can result in dangerously high nitrate concentrations in farm wells. Heavy sup- plemental irrigation combined with heavy nitrogen fertilizer application may result in an increase in the nitrates in ground water. Heavy annual appli- cations of manure and/or fertilizer to large land masses which allow more than 13.5 Ib. per acre of nitrogen to pass beyond the root zone could raise the groundwater to the toxic level of nitrates, as- suming that all the nitrogen reaches the ground- water and that the aquifer is static. (Dorland-Iowa State) HOW CAN PORK PRODUCERS COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STAN- DARDS, - ' lowu State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J.Ronald Miner. American Pork Congress-Proceedings. Environ- mental Quality Workshop, Des Moines, Iowa, Mar 3,197l.p98-I02. Descriptors: 'Farm wuntes, *Hogs, 'Environment, •Pollution abatement, Water quality. Standards, Water pollution. Air pollution. Odor. Confinement pens. Organic matter. Nutrients, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Eutrophlcution, Algae, Pathogenic bacteria, Effluent, Irrigation, Storage, Waste Identifiers: 'Environmental quality, Air contami- nant. Stream quality, Wuste management, Manure collection, Manure transport. To prevent wuter and air pollution while maintain- ing environmental quality Is a complex problem. It becomes more complicated by trying to design waste management systems which contribute materially to our effectiveness as pork producers with pollution control us a side benefit. A swine manure management system might include a col- lection device, a manure transport system, some means of manure Murage and/or treatment, and finally, a manure or effluent disposal system. In some cases mure Ihun one of these components may be included in a single component. Giving ini- tial consideration tu the disposal scheme will help determine decisions to be made concerning the other aspects of the system. There is much remain- ing to be learned relative to the control and mea- surement of odors. Various odor levels can be achieved by the judicious selection of manure han- dling techniques. (White-Iowa State) 0484 - A3, C4 RELATIONSHIPS' OF SALMONELLAE TO FECAL COLIFORMS IN BOTTOM SEDI- MENTS, Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Div. of Water Hygiene. D. J. VanDonsel, and E. E. Geldreich. Water Research, Vol 5, No 11, p 1079-1087, November 1971.3 fig, 3 tab, 21 ref. Descriptors: 'Indicators, "Salmonella, •Sediment- water interfaces; Conforms, Sampling, Mud-water interfaces, Water quality, Sediments, Pathogenic bacteria, Streptococcus, Domestic wastes. Farm wastes, E. coli,'Bottom sediments. Identifier!: 'Bottom sampler, Resuspension, Bac- terial concentration. The use of bottom sampling in water quality in- vestigations is presently limited; however, the mud may serve as a concentrated and stable index of the quality of the overlying water. Salmonellae can be isolated from bottom sediments with far greater frequency than directly from the overlying water. Salmonellae were isolated from 19 percent of the mud samples when fecal coliform density in the overlying water .was between 1 and 200 per 100 ml; from 50 percent between 201 and 2000; and from 80 percent over 2000. Fecal coliform to fecal streptococcus ratios of the overlying waters in- dicated that most of the isolated salmonellae originated in domestic sewage, but there were some positive samples with low ratios, which sug- gests that their salmonellae came front livestock or wildlife. Mud-water interfaces are not static systems, sludge banks can shift to a new position in response to currents, storms, and dredging operations. The consequent recirculation of older pollutants poses new problems in water quality which must be considered. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0485 - E3, F2 POULTRY LITTER AS CATTLE FEED, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Animal Husbandry. Melvin Bradley, and Walter. Russell. Feedstuffs, Vol 37,.No 8, p 59-60, February 20. 1965. Descriptors: Farm w'astes, Legal aspects, Feeds, Missouri, Poultry, Hazards, Efficiencies. Identifiers: Broiler litter, Bloat, Rate of gain. This article reviews the literature on feeding of poultry litter to beef cattle, discussing hazards and legal implications and giving recommendations if litter is used as a feed. Research is reviewed from Texas, Arkansas. Georgia and Virginia. (Christen- bury-To wa State) 0486 - Bl FARM ANIMAL-WASTE MANAGEMENT. Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Miner, J Ronald (Ed). North Central Regional Publication 206. Special Report 67, May 1971. 44 p. 34 tab. 85 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Waste water treatment, 'Management, Hydroponics, Incinera- tion, Pollutants, Diseases, Design criteria. Anaero- bic digestion. Aerobic treatment. Aerobic bacteria, Zoonoses, Anaerobic bacteria. Farm lagoons. Chemical properties. Physical properties, Pathogenic bacteria. Environmental effects. Identifiers: Composting, Oxidation ditches. Rumi- nant digestion, Nonruminant digestion. Disease transmission, Feedlot-runoff. Current practices, technology, knowledge, and research results are summarized as related to the management and disposal or use of farm animal watte* in the 13 states of the North Central Region and other cooperating states. Among alternative systems of management and treatments described, attention is given to relative effectiveness .in eliminating or minimizing detrimental environmen- tal and ecological consequences. Detailed informa- tion is included on the biology and biochemistry of .waste treatments; characteristics of animal wastes. including biological, physical, and chemical pro- perties; aerobic, anaerobic, and combined treat- ments of animal wastes; composting, incineration. dehydration, and hydroponics; and actual and potential productive utilization of animal wastes. Needs for additional research are suggested. (Chrtstenbury-lowa State) 0487 - A3, D4 NITRATE REMOVAL FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE WATER, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Fresno. Calif.; and California Dept. of Water Resources, Fresno. Percy P. St. Amant, and Louis A. Beck. In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Scries. 13030 DY Y, 6/69. Oct l°70, USDI, Federal Water Quality Administration, p 1-8. 1 tab, I fig. Descriptors: •Return flow, •Nitrates, Water pollu- tion. Desalination. Algae, Dcnitrification, Califor- nia, Filters, Particle size. Anaerobic conditions. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: *Nilratc removal. Algae stripping. Pond dcnitrification. Filter Jciiilrification. Mcthanol, Bacterial dcnitrification, San Joaquin Valley. The problem of disposing of irrigation waste water from the San Joaquin Valley of California is a very large one. The most serious potential pollutant is nitrogen in the nitrate form. A waste water treat- ment center at Fircbaugh. California has organized and is carrying out research in the areas of desalination, algae stripping, and bacterial dcnUrifk-alion. Algae stripping simply involves growing a crop of algae to remove nitrogen from the wuter, and then harvesting the algae. Various markets have been proposed for the use of algae. Two methods of bacterial iknitrificatkm being ex- plored are pond Jciiitriricution. and filter donithfi. cation. The three denilrifiualion methods are com- pared as to land requirements and project costs. Kach is nearly the same in cost - around SIO per aere foot, however the titgac stripping method requires much more land. (White-IowaSlate) 0488 - Al, F5 THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY STANDARDS ON IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN, Federal'Water Pollution Control Administration. Boulder. Colorado River - Bonneville Basins Of- fice. Gary N.Dietrich, and L.Russell Freeman. In: Water Quality Management Problems In Arid Regions. Water Pollution Control Research Series. 13030 DYY. 6/«9, Oct 1970, USDI, Federal Watei Quality Administration, p 9-15. Descriptors: •Salinity, 'Water quality. 'Standards, Colorado River, 'Irrigation, Evapotranspiration, 253 image: ------- Desalination, Flow augmentation. Consumptive use. Water pollution effects. Identifiers: 'Salinity criteria, Irrigation cycle. Salinity-source abatement. This paper discusses salinity criteria for the Colorado River Basin. The problem faced in water quality management in the Colorado River Basin is one of improving existing mineral quality, or at least, minimizing future salinity increases. Con- sumptive use of water in crop production com- plicates developing salinity criteria for the Colorado River Basin. There are only two direct approaches to implementing salinity criteria: the regulation of consumptive water uses and the desalination of waters whose salinity has been con- centrated by consumptive use. Three salinity con- trol approaches which do not necessarily depend on the establishment of criteria are: the abatement of salinity at selected sources including natural sources, the augmentation of river (lows, and the desalination of water for use. (White-Iowa State) 0489 - E3. F4 WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND RE- USE OF WASTE WATER EFFLUENTS, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington, D.C. Stanley J. Dea. In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Series, 13030 DY Y. 6/69, Oct 1970. USDI. Federal Water Quality Administration, p 37-44.1 tab. Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Waste water treat- ment, 'Water reuse, Effluent, Waste water. Water Quality Act, Beneficial use, Water supply. Biologi- cal treatment, Sewage effluents, Filters, Activated sludge, Tertiary treatment. Identifiers: 'Nutrient removal. From the overall view of potential water supply shortages in the United States, advanced waste treatment has the greatest promise at locations where the municipal waste water is presently discharged into the ocean or other sinks, and is lost for reuse. An advanced waste treatment facility for turning waste discharges into potable water is described for New York City. The most urgent needs in sewage treatment technology include modifications of 'conventional' processes and ad- vanced or tertiary treatment. Advanced treatment for the removal of nutrients, organic!, and inor- ganics can be accomplished for about 26-30 cents/1000 gallons compared to II cents/1000 gal- lons for secondary treatment. However, the reclaimed waste water from advanced treatment has economic utility and value fur reuse. (White-Iowa Stale) 0490 - A3, F5 SALIMTY CONTROL IN RETURN FLOW FROM IRRIGATED AREAS - A DEMONSTRA- TION PROJECT, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resources Center. Norman A. Evans. In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Series, 13030 OYY, 6/69, Oct 1970. USDI, Federal Water Quality Administration, p 45-55.7 fig. Descriptors: 'Salinity, 'Return flow, 'Irrigation, Colorado River, Salt balance. Canal seepage. Deep percolation, Evapotranspirstion, Electrical con- ductance. Base flow. Identifiers: Salt load. The purpose of this paper was to summarize a demonstration project which has been initiated in the Grand Valley area of Colorado for the purpose of showing that saline agricultural return flows are controllable and that if improvements in water management practices are applied, the salt load returning to the river win be reduced. A discussion is given on the mechanics of return flow. Six irriga- tion companies, a power company, and a drainage district combined resources to form a corporation for the purpose of conducting the demonstration and study. The first step was a before treatment in- ventory of water and salt budget in the demonstra- tion area. Canal seepage losses have been mea- sured and a plan for lining certain sections is being formulated. Many water flow measurements are being made. Evapotranspiratkui estimates will be made. Groundwater flow will be calculated from hydraulic gradient and permeability data. Self- monitoring the Colorado River will afford the final evidence of positive benefit from reduction in canal seepage. The reduced canal seepage should reduce by 1/2 the volume of return flow, and affect a sig- nificant reduction in salt load. (White-Iowa State) 0491 - A3, A5 WATER QUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS IN INLAND SINKS, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. Alsmeda, Calif. California/Nevada Basins. Richard C. Bain, Jr., and John T. Marlar. In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid Regions, Water Pollution Control Research Series, 13030 DY Y, 6/69, Oct 1970, USDI, Federal Water Quality Administration, p 57-77.8 Tig. 2 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Salinity, 'Sinks, Eutrophkation, Fish, Dissolved oxygen. Tempera- ture, Nutrients. Evaporation, Water level fluctua- tions, Nevada, California. Identifiers: Pyramid Lake (Nev), Salton Sea (Calif), Total dissolved solids, Surface area. The problems of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Sal- ton Sea, California, arc similar in many ways and arc common to other inland sinks. Salinity in- creases and water level fluctuations attributable to water and salt inflows and evaporation losses may be controlled or abated through river basin and water quality management schemes. Pyramid Lake water levels and the rate of salinity increases can be controlled by increasing the water supply to the Lake. Salton Sea salinity and water level problems can be better controlled by salt extraction, lower ir- rigation efficiencies in nearby agricultural areas, bulkheading on developed parts of the shore, and possible future evaporation pond operation. Eutrophication symptoms, advanced in the Salton Sea and emerging in Pyramid Lake, are less easily manipulated. Natural forces of deposition and con- sumption of organic matter within these waters will tend to limit nutrient buildup; however trapping and predation effects alone will not eliminate algal blooms. Control of eutrophication must'begin with control or elimination of major nutrient sources. It is clear that unless water quality control measures are taken, both bodies of water will eventually become aqueous deserts. Local, State and Federal efforts are underway to preserve or enhance the water quality and associated uses of these two in- land links. (White-Iowa-State) 0492 - D2, E3, Fl DISTILLATION OF WASTE WATERS: A WATER RESOURCE FOR ARID REGIONS, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington, D.C. Office of Research and Develop- ment. Allen Cywin, George Rcy, Stanley Oca, and Harold Bernard. In: Water Quality Management Problems in Arid Regions. Water Pollution Control.Research Scries, 13030 DY Y. 6/69, Ocl 1970. USDI, Federal Water Quality Administration, p 85-94. 14 rcf, 2 fig, I tab. Descriptors: 'Distillation, 'Waste water treatment. Effluent. Potable water, Water reuse. Water quali- ty. Brackish water. Sewage treatment. Costs, Waste dilution, Dcmincralization, Water resources. Identifiers: 'Slowdown ratio. Salt removal. Mineral content, Tula) dissolved solids. The authors propose distillation of municipal waste water for the production of low mineral content water for industrial purposes, particularly for those industries which require such water in large quanti- ties. Distillation has previously been limited in arid regions to applications using saline waters as a fccdwatcr supply. The use of waste water may very possibly result in less costly distilled water. A part of the waste water renovation costs can be at- tributed to pollution control. Dilution of tertiary- treated effluents with a lower mineral content mu- nicipal water can aha produce a product water of acceptable mineral content. The lower concentra- tions tif sulfatc and total dissolved solids in waste water effluent* is also advantageous. Total treat- ment costs for the processes involved arc given. (White-Iowa State) 0493 - A2, Bl, C3 NUTRIENTS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION AREAS, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dcpt. of Agricultural Engineering; and North Carolina State Univ. Raleigh. Jackie W. D. Robbins, George J. Kriz, und David* H. HowelU. Paper presented at 1971 Mid-Central Meeting American Scociety Agricultural Engineers, Paper No MC-71-102.20p.5 fig.4tab, lOref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nutrients, 'Coliforms, 'Runoff, Management, Phosphate, Nitrogen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Bacteria, Farm lagoons, Pollutants, Disposal, Hogs, Poultry, Cattle, waste water treatment. Identifiers: Total coliform, Fecal coliform, Swine. Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Twelve typical agricultural areas representing three types of animal waste management techniques- land spreading including pasture and drylot units, lagopning and direct discharge into streanw-were studied to determine the amounts of and factors governing stream enrichment from iwine, dairy. poultry and beef production operations. (Christen- bury-lowa State) 0494 - A6, Bl A MODEL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EF- FECTS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS UPON NHJ CONCENTRATIONS IN SWINE CONFINE- MENT HOUSING, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dcpt. of Agricultural Engineering; and Nebraska Univ.. Lincoln. Dcpt of Agricultural Engineering. C. N. Ifcadi, and J. A. DcShazcr. Paper presented 1971 Mid-Central Meeting Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Paper No MC-71 • 103. 9 p, I fig, I tab, 2 rcf. Descriptors: 'Model studies, 'Odors. 'Ventilation. 'Ammonia, Laboratory tests. Physical models. Structural models. Hop. Air circulation, Statistical models. Farm wastes. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Slotted floors. Airflow rates. Inlet systems. Exhaust systems. A plexiglass model 1/12 the size of an existing swine building was used to determine the effect of various ventilation systems upon the NH3 concen- tration in the model. From this investigation, it was found that as mure air exhausted below the floor the concentration of NH3 above the floor decreased. Also the inlet settings influenced the concentration of NH.1 above the floor. (Christcn- hury-lowa Stale) 0495 - A3, F2 CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATERS FROM PLOWED-IN FEEDLOT MANURE, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dcpt. of Agricul- tural Engineering. R. I. Lipper, H. L. Manges, and Eugene Gocring. Paper presented at the 1971 Mid-Central Meeting 254 image: ------- American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Paper NoMC-7l-803.4p. ^ Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Confine- ment pen*. Pollutant!. Runoff, Chemical oxygen demand. Water pollution lourcci. Identifiers: 'Feed lot manure, Plowcd-in. When a four-inch layer of beef fccdlot manure wa» completely covered with 2 to 3 inchci of soil in small test plots, no organic contamination of water on the soil surface resulted when plots were well drained. Under conditions simulating standing water on tight soil, COD of the water was very hich (Chriatenbury-lowa State) 0496 - B2. C3. D4 DESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM ANAERO- BIC LAGOON, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J. K. Koelliker, and J. R. Miner. Journal Paper No J-6873 of Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames. Paper presented 1971 Mid-Central Meeting, Amer- ican Society Agricultural Engineers. Paper No MC- 71-804. 21 p. 6 fig. 2 tab, 9 ret USD! Public Law 88-379, HEW EC 00283-02. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion. Farm lagoons, BkxJegradution, Ammonia, Hogs, Disposal, Temperature, Hydrogen ion concentra- tion. Nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen compounds, Labora- tory tests, *Mass transfer, 'Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Anaerobic lagoons, 'Nitrogen balance. Ammonia desorption. Nitrogen transfor- mations. Swine. The loss of ammonia from an anaerobic manure lagoon has been monitored by measurement of am- monia concentrations in air surrounding the lagoon and by a nitrogen balance for the same lagoon from Nov. I "69 - Oct. 1970. Theoretical considerations of desorption and data from the lagoon indicate thai the nitrogen has to the air can be predicted. An anaerobic lagoon may well be a nitrogen sink if no liquid must be removed from it. The rate of am- monia desorption from a lagoon surface is ac- celerated by increasing alkaline pH, higher tem- peratures, and increasing wind velocities. (Chrislenhury-lowa Slate) 0497 - Dl DEHYDRATION OF ANIMAL WASTES, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Mo. Transportation and Facilities Research Div. Herman F. Mayes. Paper presented at the 1971 Mid-Central Meeting American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Paper NoMC-71-805.15p,2fig,4ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Fertilizers, 'Dehydra- tion, Disposal, Livestock, Economics, Marketing, Economic feasibility. Operating, Storage, Operat- ing costs. Operation and maintenance. Costs, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Dchydiator design. Four large terminal livestock markets have been dehydrating cattle and sheep manure since the early 1950's. The dehydrated manure is being merchandised as a specialty fertilizer. The design features of these dchydratora. the operating problems and some typical operating costs are reviewed. These markets have shown that animal wastes can be dehydrated and marketed. While a profit may not have been realized from the sale of this dehydrated manure, it may have been the cheapest method of disposal. (Christcnbury-lowa State) 0498 - A2, Bl, Fl WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla. J. L. Witherow. and M. R. Scalf. Mimeo, September 1970, 2 fig. EPA Program Mimeo, Septemb 13040—09/70. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution sources, Cattle, Surface runoff. Waste disposal Waste water disposal. Waste water treatment. Feed lots, Livestock, Confinement pens, Manage- ment. ^ ' The nature and cause of water pollution from cat- tle feedlots is briefly described. Current waste management alternatives are dependent upon the rational for land disposal. Two major research pro- jects are described on irrigation with rainfall ru- noff from the feedpen and on rates of manure disposal on crop lands. Unconventional waste management alternatives involve production process change, reuse of waste through pyrolysis, or refeeding and redesign of the production facili- ties. (EPA abstract) 0499 - Cl, D4 MANURE LAGOONS DESIGN CRITERIA AND MANAGEMENT, Maryland Univ., College Park. Dcpt. of Agricul- tural Engineering. Harry J.Eby. ASAE Paper No 61-935. Agricultural Engineering Journal, Vol 43, p 698-701, 714-715, Dec 1962. 6 rig, I tab, 19 ret Descriptors: 'Farm lagoons, 'Design criteria. Water temperature, Sewage treatment, Aerobic bacteria. Aquatic plants. Anaerobic bacteria. Al- gae, Biochemical oxygen demand. Oxidation lagoons. Sludge. Photosynthctk oxygen, Farm wastes. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Site selection. Loading. Criteria to be considered when designing a lagoon for treatment of wastes produced by animals in confinement is discussed. It mentions situations where lagoons would not be feasible. Seven criteria for site selection are given. The physical, chemical and biological factors discussed include tempera- ture, light, specific gravity, mixing, nutritional ef- fects, pH effects, toxic effects, and interrelation- ship of biological species. Also mentioned is the algal-bacterial relationship. Design factors for size and volume are given. The article concludes with management problems encountered such as float- ing debris, overloading, intermittent loading, aquatic weeds and sludge build-up. (Parker-Iowa State) 0500 - AS, D4 ANAEROBIC LAGOONS: CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN AND APPLICATION, Cornell Univ., Nhaca.N.Y. Raymond C. Loehr. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers. Vol 11. p .120-122 and UO IVA8 2 fig, 4 tab, 14 rcf. Descriptor*: 'Farm lagoons. 'Anaerobic digestion •Design. 'Solids, Anaerobic conditions. Farm wanles. Temperature, Gases. Biochemical oxygen demand, Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Solids removal. Louding. Cias produc- tion, effluent quality. Design and application of unucrohio lagoons for treatment at wastes from fiimi uiiimnls in confine- ment is described. The purpose for anaerobic lagoons u given in relation to iivrohiv lagoons and other treatment sptoiis. The article proceeds to discuss si/o requirements. Jouding restrictions and mixing, omit natural and mechanical as required Ouaiuiiivs a,,,] uua|i,y ,,r g.,s prtK|uc,jlin ar<; discussed a* well a* temperature raUtioaahipt lo gat production and other operating conditions, A short analysis of effluent quality is presented. Solids removal is discussed in some length. The article concludes by mentioning some difficulties such *» potent effluent, warm temperature requirements and odon due to biochemical imbalance. (Parker- Iowa State) 0501 - A8, D4 INVESTIGATIONS ON FLY CONTROL BY COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURES, Orange County Health Department, Santa Ana. Roy E. Eastwood, Jimmy M. Kade, Robert B. Schoenburg.and Harold W. Brydon. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 60, No 1 p K8-98, Feb 1967.7 fig, 7 tab, 5 rcf. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Aerobic con- ditions, Temperature, Degradation, Decomposing organic matter, Aeration, Mixing, Larvae, Bulk density. Volume, Moisture content. Nitrogen. Identifiers: 'Composting, Fly problems. Fly pupae Windrows. Windrow composting of poultry manure was in- vestigated during several months of the year. Results obtained indicated that manure does not have to be ground prior to composting. Bulking and drying materials are not required in composting poultry manure. Fly larvae were reduced in num- bers during the composting process so that they would not create a fly problem. Poultry manure once composted is not suitable as an oviponition site for adult flies and the subsequent development of larvae. A twice-weekly turning schedule with a manure spreader is desirable lo help prevent fly lar- vae from pupiting and emerging by bringing them into contact with the hot interior of the pile. (White-Iowa State) 0502 - B2, C3 MANURE PRODUCTION BY BROILERS, Maine Univ.,Orono. Dept. of Animal Science. R.W.Gerry. Poultry Science, Vol 47, p 339-340, 1968. 2 tab.4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Feeds, Moisture content, Calcium, Phosphorus, Proteins. Identifiers: 'Manure production. Poultry litter. Broilers. Dry droppings, Wood shavings, Crude protein. A test was conducted in which White Mountain x White Rock cross broiler were reared to 53 days of age and fed a modified New England College Con- ference starting ration. Actual production of dry matter which did not include the bedding or the moisture in the litter was 867 kilograms per 1000 males, 658 kilograms per 1000 females, and 748 kilograms per 1000 mixed sexes. The average amount of manure (litter) removed at the end of the test period was 1602 kilograms per 1000 birds. This litter included an average of about 500 kilo- grams of wood shavings per 1000 birds and analyzed 23 percent moisture. During the test period there was a marked increase in crude protein, calcium and phosphorus content of the litter. (White-Iowa State) 0503 - C4 THE MICROBIOLOGY OF BUILT UP POULTRY LITTER, Edinburgh Univ. (Scotland). Dept. of Bacteriology Henrietta Schefferle. Journal Applied Bacteriology, Vol 28. No 3 p 403- 411,1965. 5 tab. 7 ref. . Descriptors: 'Microbiology, 'Bacteria, Farm wastes, Poultry, Odor, Fungi, Aerobic conditions Laboratory tests, Alkalinity, Enteric bacteria, Lac- 255 image: ------- lobacillus, Hydrogen ion concentration. Tempera- ture, Moisture content. Identifiers; Litter, Coryneform bacteria, En- lerococci. The numbers of viable bacteria in built up poultry litter were found to be 10 to the 10th power -10 to the 11 th power/g fresh weight and appeared to be little affected by factor* such a* age, temperature, moisture content and pH. Counts for unused litter and poultry droppings were lower. In built up litter of high alkalinity coryneform bacteria were predominant; micrococci occurred sporadically and small numbers of nocardias, streptomycetes, aerobic spore formers and streptococci were en- countered. A variety of Gram negative bacteria aUo occurred, the numbers of which appeared to be controlled by alkalinity; they were less abundant in litters where the pH and buffering capacity were high. Strongly alkaline conditions also tended to lower the fungal counts but had no effect on the count of enterococci. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0504 - D2, Fl COST OF DEHYDRATING POULTRY MANURE. Poultry Digest, p 143. Mar 1971. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration. 'Costs, Poultry, Equipment, Fertilizers, 'Waste treatment. Identifiers: Shelf life. Conventional dehydrating equipment is available for drying poultry manure. However, the cost of the processed manure is likely to exceed $20 per ton. A two-stage drying process has been developed that brings the cost down to S7.60 per ton for a product with 10% moisture. The final product is a fine powder, free of offensive odors, has shelf life and it has the qualities required for sale as an organic fer- tilizer. It contains 4 to 5% nitrogen, 3% phosphoric acid, and 2.5*$ potash. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0505 - Bl, C5 CONFINEMENT REARING OF TURKEYS. Amerine National Corp., Oakdsle, Calif. Hastings Div. Douglas C. Ferebee. Poultry Digest, pi 10-112, Mar 1971.2 fig. Descriptors: 'Ventilation, 'Management, 'Con- finement pens, Farm wastes. Equipment, Hazards, Poultry. Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Psychrometric chart, Overventilation, Turkeys. Some management functions that can lead to max- imzing returns from turkey production are discussed. To get the most out of any ventilation system, whether it is positive or negative pressure, knowledge of psychrometrics by the person doing the ventilating U essential. It is possible to overven- tilate a total confinement home or to undcrventi- late it. Much can be gained from having ther- mostats located outside where outdoor conditions can be used to provide a better environment inside. Good, not necessarily new, in-house equipment is vital for optimum results from confinement production. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0506 - A2, C2 CATTLE FERDLOT RUNOFF • ITS NATURE AND VARIATION, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dcpt, of Agricul- tural Engineering. J. R. Miner, R. I. Upper, L. R. Fina.and J. W. Funk. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 38,p 1582-1591,1966.8 fig. II tab, 12ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Bacteria, Cattle, Simulated rainfall, Hydrographs. Chemical oxygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen, Temperature, Pollutants, Water pollu- tion sources. Identifiers: Kjeldahl nitrogen, Feedlot runoff. Suspended solids. Chemical quality, Most probable number. Runoff from cattle fecdloti is a high-strength or- ganic waste produced during and immediately after rainfall. These studies indicated that greatest pollu- tant concentrations are obtained during warm weather, during periods of low rainfall intensity, and when the manure has been made soluble by soaking with water. Correlations were developed to predict runoff oxygen demand and nitrogen con- tent based on these factors. In addition, the follow- ing points were demonstrated: (1) Feedlot runoff is a source of high concentrations of bacteria nor- mally considered as indices of sanitary quality, and (2) runoff from a concrete-surfaced lot was more heavily polluted than that from a npnsurfaccd lot under similar conditions. (Christcnbury-lowa State) 0507 - El, F4 ANIMAL WASTES, Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science. L. R.Webber. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. Vol 26, No 2. p 47-50, Mar-Apr 1971.21 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, Pollutants, Pollution abatement, Oroundwater, Farm lagoons. Treatment. Anaerobic digestion. Aerobic treat- ment. Management. Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Contamination. FeedloU, Waste removal. Composting. Some waste management problems resulting from high-density confinement of livestock are discussed. Treatment and disposal of the waste material causes the most troublesome problems. There are many systems in use, with anaerobic or aerobic lagoon treatment more common. Man h»« always used land as the ultimate disposal medium for many kinds of waste. Agriculture finds itself in the challenging position of being able to use or dispose of vast quantities of animal wastes without polluting the water, soil, or air. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0508 - A5, A6, C3 AIR POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science. William E. Burnett. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 3, No 8, p 744-749, Aug 1969. 6 fig, 2 tab, 21 ref. N.Y. State Dcpt. of Health C-l 101 USDA. ARS 12-14- 100-9092(44). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollutant identifica- tion. 'Odor, Air pollution, Cat chromatography, Organic compounds, Organic acids. Aromatic compounds. Poultry, Laboratory tests. Identifiers: 'Malodor, 'Odorous compounds, •Odor identification, Liquid poultry manure. A combination of gas chromatographlc and or- ganolcptic techniques was used to determine the chemical compounds responsible for the offensive odor of accumulated liquid poultry manure. The volatile odorous substances were trapped and con- centrated in short sections of gas chromatographic columns held at -78C., separated by gal chro- matography and identified by the correspondence between relative retention time and the odors of the peaks for the unknowns and authentic com- pounds: Mcrcaptans, sulfidcs, and dlketones were identified. Volatile organic acids and the nitrogen hetcrocycles. indole and skatole, were also identified, using direct injections of liquid manure supernatant and standard gas chromatographic techniques. The sulfur compounds, organic acids. and skatole were implicated as important malodorous components involved in air pollution. The prevention of the formation of the malodorous substances was suggested as the best means of con- trol of air pollution from animal wastes. (Hazen- lowa State) 0509 - C3 THE METAL COMPLEXING CAPACITY AND THE NATURE OF THE CHELAT1NG LIGANDS OF WATER EXTRACT OF POULTRY LITTER, Georgia, Univ., Athens. Dcpt. of Agronomy. K. H. Tan, R. A. Leonard, A. R. Bertrand, and S. R. Wilkinson. Georgia Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Series Paper No. 760. Soil Science Society of American Proceedings. Vol 35. No 2. p 265-269, Mar 1971. J fig, I tab, 23 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Organic matter, 'Or- ganic wastes, 'Infrared radiation, dictation. Analytical techniques. Chemical reactions. Laboratory tests. Identifiers: 'Poultry litter, • Infrared identification. Infrared analysis, Organic waste products, Com- plcxing agents. Chelating llgands. The metal complexing capacity and the nature of the chclating Icgands of organic matter extracted from broiled house litter were studied by ion- exchange equilbrium and dissolution method* and infrared to exhibit a significant chclating effect On the equations Cu2... 2n2.., Mg2.., and AI3... The amount of organic matter complexed by one mote of metal and the stability of metal complexes in- creased with increasing pH in the cases of Cu-, Mg- . and At- complexes. Infrared analysis revealed spectograma of the ligands similar to those ob- tained by polysaccharldes. Functional group frequency vibration comparisons ar 3,500, 3,200, 1,610. and 1,400 cm-1 showed that the formation of stable metal complexes involved carboxyc elec- trovalent linkages and probably hydroxyl and/or umlno coordinate linkages. (Hazcn-lowa State) 0510 - Cl, Dl, El CATTLE, SWINE AND CHICKEN MANURE CHALLENGES WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS, Connecticut Univ., Storrs, R.Laak. Water and Sewage Works, Vol 117. No 4, p 134- 138, April 1970.8 tab, 30 ref. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Cattle, Waste .water (Pollution), Costi, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potash. Fertilizers, Disposal, Pollution, Livestock, 'Hogs, Poultry, Nitrogen compounds. Phosphorus com- pounds, 'Farm wastes. Identifiers: Chicken, Feedlots. In the United States today approximately 0.66 bil- lion Ibs per day of manure must be extensively treated or destroyed. The trends in agriculture in- dicate that more livestock will be confined in the future, the concentration of the wastes increased, and the volume of manure per animal slowly reduced. Extensive data was collected and is presented giving the general characteristics of fecei and urine of cattle, swine, and poultry as well as the quantitative consumption of feed, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potash. The manure charac- teristics are said to be changing and therefore the treatment process principles must also be changed. Costs and land requirements are given for manure disposal and in extensive outline enumerates the large variety of available disposal methods along with each one's particular drawback. The average cost of manure separation and final disposal must be a1 fraction of $3 to J40 per ton. (Hancuff-Texas) 0511 - Cl, C5, E3 ANIMAL WASTE REUSE-NUTRITIVE VALUE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FROM FEED ADDITIVES-A REVIEW. 256 image: ------- Agricultural Research Service, Ucllsville, Md. Animul Science Kc search. ARS 44-244. Feh 1971. 56 p, 3 tab. I84ref. Descriptors: *Karm wastes, * Additives, * Feeds, Ruminants, Poultry, Cattle, Diets, Hazards, Hogs, Biodegradation, Pathogenic bacteria, Larvicides, Pest control, Organophosphorus, Nutrients. Identifiers: 'Literature review, * Residues, Swine, Hormones, Antibiotics, Disease control. Growth adjuvants, Excretion data. Registration, Non-nutri- tive. This i* a report of literature on the nutritional value of animal wastes and the potential problems that may occur when compounds other than nutrient* are added to animal feed. The non-nutritive feed additives discussed arc as follows: Pellet binders, flavoring agents, enzymes; Antibiotics, arsenicals, nitrofurans, (low level feeding); Antifungals, larvi- cidcs; Broad-spectrum, absorbable antibiotics (high level therapeutic use); Chemicals used to potentiate curative properties of antibiotics; Coc- cidiostats, worming drugs, antioxidants; Carote- noid sources, hormones; Reserpine, aspirin, and tranquilizing drugs. (White-Iowa State) 0512 - C5 FECAl. RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES-- POULTRY, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Animal Science Research. C.C.Calvert. In: Animal Waste Reuse—Nutritive Value and Potential Problems from Feed Additives—A Review. ARS 44-224, p !4-l9,Feb 1971. Descriptors: 'Additives, 'Feeds, 'Poultry, Farm wastes. Pollutants, Diets, Hazards, Water pollution. Identifiers: Antibiotics, Arsenicals, Nitrofurans, Growth adjuvants, Soil pollution. To keep pace with the increased demand for eggs and poultry meat, the feed manufacturers and producers have used more and more feed additives. There is a concern with what these additives may contribute to air, soil, and water pollution after they have performed whatever function they may have in the animal body. The nonnutritive feed ad- ditives commonly found in poultry feed are discussed. These include pellet binders, flavoring agents, enzymes, antibiotics, arsenicals, and nitrofurans; antifungal agents, coccidiostats and worming drugs, antioxidants, carotenoid sources, hormones, rcserpinc, aspirin and tranquiliy.ing drugs arc being added to poultry feeds. (See also (Christenbury-lowa State) 0513 - C3, C5 FECAL RESIDUES FROM FEED ADDITIVES- SWINE, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Animal Science Research. L.T. Frobish. In: Animal Waste Reuse-Nutritive Value and Potential Problems from Feed Additives—A Review. ARS 44-224, p 19-27, Fcb 1971. Descriptors: 'Additives, 'Hogs, 'Feeds, Farm wastes, Hazards, Pollutants, Growth rates, Diets. Identifiers: Swine,Diethylstilbcstrol. This paper discusses the major feed additives as- sociated with swine production. They are: an- tibiotics, arsenicals, copper, nitrofurans, sulfona- mides and hormones. Many compounds have been used for the treatment of specific diseases in swine hut when incorporated into the diet at low levels may have growth promoting properties. There is lit- tle available information on the metabolites of an- •tihiotic degradation, their excretion, and possible distribution in the soil and finally into plants. Ar- sanilic acid is the most common arsenical com- pound used in swine diets. There is very limited data on excretion of many of the additives and their subsequent effect on the environment. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0514 - C3, C5 FECAL RESIDUES FROM HORMONES AND ANTIBIOTICS-BEEF CATTLE, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Animal Science Research. D. A. Dinius. In: Animal Waste Reuse-Nutritive Value and Potential Problems from Feed Additives-A Review. ARS 44-224, p 27-32, Feb 1971. Descriptors: Farm wastes, Cattle, Feeds, Diets Degradation (Decomposition), Biodegradation. Identifiers: 'Hormones, 'Antibiotics, Disease con- trol. Concentrations, Implant, Excretion data. The interest in hormones excreted by animals which may be recycled through plants and back to man or animals is with the natural and synthetic es- trogens, androgens, and progestins. This discussion deals only with these. Other hormones, such a» fol- licle stimulating hormone and lutcinizing hormone, may be present in animal excreta but they occur in small concentrations and are readily biodegrada- ble; thus, they are of little ecological concern. Cer- tain antibiotics are frequently added to the high- grain ratios commonly fed to finishing beef cattle. A review summarising some of the research that has been conducted with these antibiotics, particu- larly in reference to the potential for recycling through feedstuff's is presented. Plants will not ab- sorb from the soil measurable quantities of the an- tibiotics commonly fed to cattle. (Christenbury-lowa State) 0515 - A8, C5 FKCAl. RESIDUES FROM I.ARVICIDES- POULTRY AND CATTLE, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Animal Science Research. R. W. Miller. Also in Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America as Larvicidcs for Kly Control - A Review, by R. W. Miller, Vol 16, No 3, p I54-I5R, Sept IU7(>. In: Animal Waste Reuse-Nutritive Value and Potential Problems from Feed Additives-A Review. ARS 44-224. p 33-41, Feb 1971. 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'l.arvicides. Larvae, Pathogenic bacteria. Boron, Organnphosphorus, Pesticides, Cattle, Poultry, Feeds, Pesticide residues. Pest control. Identifiers: Fly larvae. Feed additives, Residue*, Fly control, Animal manures, Registration. One of the host method* for control of flies is through the use of lurvicides, applied either directly to the manure, or as a feed additive. Research was conducted a« early as 1928 on feed additives to make the feccs unfavorable for the development of horn fly larvae. In 1954, organophosphorua insecti- cides began receiving a great deal of attention as possible feed-additive larvicidcs for the control of flies around both poultry and cattle operations. Although a great deal of research has been con- ducted on find suitable feed-additive larvicides for fly control around poultry and cattle manure, no in- secticides are registered for commercial feed-addi- tive use with poultry and only one has a registration for use with lactaling dairy cattle. Three insecti- cides have registrations for feed-additive use with beef cattle. (Christenbury- Iowa State) 0516 - F4 PROCEEDINGS OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND BY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT CON- FERENCE. Wisconsin Univ., Madison. University Extension, The University of Wisconsin, November 6-7,1969. 129 p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Hogs, •Poultry, 'Environment, Social aspects^ Economic, Political aspects. Psychological aspects. Air pollution, Water pollution. Soil contamination. Identifiers: 'Management conference. This conference was held for technical and ad- ministrative staff of local, state, regional and federal agencies; for industries and for private citizens who are concerned about or have a respon- sibility related to the proper management of wastes from farm animal enterprises in Wisconsin. It was an introductory meeting at which the dimensions of the problems were examined, research was reviewed, some alternative manure handling methods were highlighted, public agency roles were outlined and two existing local programs were described. Small group discussions explored future program and research needs. (White-Iowa State) 0517 - Cl QUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM-ANIMAL WASTES, Public Health Service, Chicago, III. Bureau of Solid Waste Management. Ralph J. Black, and William 0. Kehr. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, November 6-7, 1969,p 17-21.3 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution. Population, Pollution abatement, Confinement pens, California, Solid wastes, Dissolved oxygen, Water quality. Hogs, Cattle, Poultry, Nutrients, Sewage sludge. Identifiers: Meat consumption. Livestock produc- tion, Population equivalent, Land disposal. The paper points out that an increased population will require much more beef and poultry, thus in- creasing the agricultural waste problem. Confine- ment feeding is firmly established, and, while the number of feeding operations is expected to decline, the total production will be increased. The importance of agricultural wastes is brought out in a table showing quantities of solid wastes generated in California. This is magnified by population equivalent data which states that animal wastes were equivalent in pollutional affect to 10 times that of the nation's population. Data is presented on quantities produced and the nutrient value of animal wastes. It is economically unfeasible to util- ize this waste for ita fertilizer value. The quantity of animal wastes will increase, as will the management problems associated with its handling, treatment and disposal. (White-Iowa State) 0518 - A3,-A9 HEALTH PROBLEMS, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Bacteriology Elizabeth McCoy. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, November 6-7, 1969. p 22-24. Descriptors: 'Public health, 'Farm wastes, •Bac- teria. Water pollution, Soil contamination, Coliforms, E. Coli. Streptococcus, Soil, Loam, Rates of application, Sampling, Cores, Adsorption, Percolation. Identifiers: 'Emerocci, Miami silt loam. Die-off. Animal wastes contain enormous amounts of pollu- tion bacteria. If it finds its way to surface or well waters the water would be reported as 'con- taminated.' Bacterial counts made on fresh feces gave the following values: Coliform, 100,000 - 1,000,000/gm.; Enterococci, 1,000,000 10,000,000/gm. Experiments were done to trace pollution bacteria in manure applied to'soil. Five gallon pails (with bottoms cut out) were set to 257 image: ------- about three-fourtht of their depth in a Held of Miami lilt loam. Appllcatloni of a manure/water ilurry were made in 15, 30, and 80 toni per acre amounti. Both typei of bacteria were adsorbed with S98..» removal by 14 inchei. The soil acti at a very efficient filter. (White- Iowa State) 0519 - AS, A10 AESTHETICS AND ODORS, Wliconiin Dept. of Natural Reiourcei, Madlion. Douglas Evans. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Wane and By- product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, November 6-7, 1969, p 25-26. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, Aesthetics, Anaerobic conditions, Hydrogen lulfide. Identifiers: 'Odor threshold, Public nuisance, Odor panel, Odor meaiurement. The difficulty of evaluating the offenaiveneis of odors is their subjective nature. Odors from farm animal wastes, particularly anaerobically generated are, In general, offensive, but the substances in- volved and the thresholds of detection are little known. Typical odor thresholds are given when determined by a trained panel. A method is out- lined for eliminating panel members inaensitive to odors. More needs to be known about the type, quantity and odor threshold of the varioua com- pounds involved in farm animal wastes. From this better methods of treating, storing, handling and dliposing of wastei may be developed which will reduce or eliminate the odor problem. (White-Iowa State) 0520 - Al. Bl DEAD ANIMALS AND HOW THEY CON- TRIBUTE TO POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRON- MENT, Department of Agriculture, Madiion, Wit. A. A. Erdmann. In: Proceedinga of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wlaconain, November 6-7, 1969, p 27-29. Descriptori: Transportation, Coats, Liveitock, Legislation, Water pollution, Environment, Wisconsin. Identifier!: 'Dead animal diaposal, 'Rendering plants, Slaughter plant scraps. Carcasses. The article deacribes why dead animals are fait becoming a pollution problem. Where once render- Ing planti paid to pick up dead animali they now charge livestock owners a fee for pick-up and diaposal of livestock loues. The number of dead animali being lent to rendering planti has decreaied by about SO**. Some legislation concern- ing the problem is encouraging. The author expects the problem of dead animal disposal to increase in the future. The problems of the rendering plant in- dustry, such as added labor coats, collection costs, and, perhaps most important, the inferior product resulting from such operations, will probably make it necessary to use a different method of disposal of dead animals than is now followed. (White-Iowa State) 0521 - A3, C3 WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madiion. F. H. Schraufnagel. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 30-32 November 6-7,1969. 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Farm wastes, Water pollution sources, Fiihkill, Fish, Dissolved oxygen. Nutrients, Nitrogen, Nitrates, Phosphorus, Eutrophication, Base flow, Ammonia, Coliforms, Cattle, Wisconsin. Identifiers: 'Land disposal, Concentrations, Fcedlots. Probably the biggest concern in Wisconsin about pollution from farm animal wastei Is became of their nutrients. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the two significant nutrients causing eutrophication in lakes and itreama. Land disposal is usually an effec- tive way to prevent pollution except when wastei are applied to frozen ground. Data from the nutrient content of base flows generally indicates that percolation through the ground eliminates most of the phosphorus and nitrogen. The potential for pollution from animal wastes is very great. The likelihood of pollution from cattle will increase with manure fluldization and water carriage systems. The maintenance of water quality depends on research and development of techniques to con- trol the problem. (White- Iowa State) 0522 - F4 FUTURE TRENDS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUC- TION, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Coll. of Agriculture. Robert W. Bray. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 33-35, November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastei, 'Liveitock, Cattle, Poultry, Hogi, Automation, Confinement pens, Odors, Waste disposal. Identifiers: * Liveitock numbers, Dairy cattle, Beef cattle, Feedlots, Horses, Wane management. The author summarizes the article by saying that (I) livestock numbers will increase in the future and (2) the most economical management systems for all classes of livestock will result in larger num- bers and more confinement in each livestock enter- prise. Thus, the solid waste management or disposal problems aasoclated with livestock production In Wisconsin will become more com- plex. The author gives his ideaa as to what changes in production can be expected for dairy, beef, swine, poultry, and other operations. (White-Iowa State) 0523 - Al, Bl, F4 WHAT AND WHERE ARE THE CRITICAL SITUATIONS WITH FARM ANIMAL WASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN WISCONSIN, Wisconsin Univ., Madiion. M. T. Beatty, J. E. Kerrigan, and W. K. Porter. In: Proceeding! of Farm Animal Waste and By- product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 36-57, November 6-7,1969.4 tab, 12 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Wisconsin, 'Spatial distribution, Environment, Soils, Surface waters, Groundwater, Land resources. Livestock, Cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Population, Geology, Hydrology, Precipitation, Standards, Water quality. Nitrogen, Nitrates, Odor, Watersheds, Bedrock. Identifiers: 'By-products, Earth resources. Soil as- sociations, Critical situations. Where and to what extent various kinds of critical situations develop, depends on the interaction of several components of the waste production and management system. These include: the kinds and amounts of wastes and by-products produced; the spatial distribution of the sources; the proximity to people; the physical environment- characteristics of the soils, the landscape, the surface water and groundwater systems, and; the uses and demands on water and land resources. Numerous tables and charts point up the importance of these com- ponents. Seven critical situations, the problems and locations involved, are then explained. They in- clude livestock concentrations near urban areas. large livestock concentrations, livestock in watersheds with lakes, and livestock concentra- tions on shallow soils over previous bedrock as well as others. (White-Iowa State) 0524 - Bl CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING DAIRY MANURE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. 0.1. Berge, E. G. Bruns.T. J. Brevik, and L. A. Brooks. In: Proceedings of the Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 58-69 November 6-7,1969. 10 tab, I fig, 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, Labor, Odor, Investment, Storage, Storage tanks, Annual costs] Value, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Urine, Equipment, Wisconsin. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Manure disposal systems, Hauling, Stacking, Manure handling. Different methods of handling dairy manure and disposing of it are discussed. Advantages and disad- vantages are listed. The three basic systems include daily hauling, stacking, and liquid manure storage. Investment and annual costs are compared for the three systems under similar stanchion and free stall housing operations. Dairy manure is valued at Jl.40/ton for its nutrient content. Various types of handling equipment are discussed as well as a few disposal methods. (White-Iowa State) 0525 - D4 ENGINEERING RESEARCH ON FARM ANIMAL MANURE, Wisconsin Univ., Madiion. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Clyde Barth. In: Proceeding! of Farm Animal Watte and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 70-79, November 6-7,1969. 2 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biological treatment. Disposal, Livestock, Anaerobic digestion. Waste storage, Lagoons, Aerobic treatment, Watte dilu- tion, Temperature, Rotori, Irrigation, Odor, Gases, Identifiers: 'Waste management, Waste charac- teristics, Anaerobic lagoon, Aerobic lagoon, Ox- idation ditch, Composting, BOD removal. Land ap- plication, Coprophagy, Chemical treatment. Solid- manure waste. The article reviews different treatment and disposal methods which are currently being used or in- vestigated. Anaerobic and aerobic lagoons are used but are limited by temperature and odor problems. The oxidation ditJi can be used for swine but its use is uncertain for wastes from other livestock. Composting, though effective, lacks a market for its finished product. Land application continues to be the most widely used type of livestock waste disposal. Irrigation and plow-furrow-cover applica- tions are a modification of land disposal. Chemical treatment, dehydration, incineration, and coprophagy are being studied, but no conclusions have been drawn. Odor and gas production are problems not well understood and difficult to con- trol. Solid manure, because of the lack of problems associated with its handling, deserves serious con- sideration in any animal waste handling situation. (White-Iowa State) 0526 - F4 NATION-WIDE RESEARCH ON ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Chicago, III. Lake Michigan Basin Office. JacobO. Dumelle. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- product Management Conference, University Ex- Z58 image: ------- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 80-81, November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Research and development, Grants, Algae, Air pollution. Water pollution, Soil contamination, Nutrients. Identifiers: 'FWPCA, Activated algae. Feedlots, Oxidation ditch. The article gives brief descriptions of research pro- jects which the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration is helping to fund. One such project under way in California is trying to determine the practicability of producing and harvesting algae to remove nutrients from agricultural drainage waters. Other projects involve cattle feedlot runoff, and dairy waste waters. Besides research on treat- ment methods, some projects are trying to find out how much nutrient runs off, and how much gets into water. (White-Iowa State) 0527 - Al WATER RESOURCES CENTER RESEARCH ON ANIMAL WASTES AND WATER QUALITY, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Water Resources Center. J. E. Kerrigan. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 82-85, November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water quality, Eutrophication, Research and development, Wisconsin, Legislation, Water resources, Environ- ment, Resources. Identifiers: 'Water Resources Center, Water research. The function and goals of the University of Wiscon- sin's Water Resources Center are pointed out. The Center got its start from faculty committees formed to study groundwater and subsequently lakes and streams. It was then assigned state responsibility by the legislature for the coordination and administra- tion of an interagency water resources research and data collection program. Lists of objectives and functions of the Water Resources Center are given. If Wisconsin is to have a well balanced research program for water quality management, it is neces- sary to direct the limited available financial support to researchers with specially developed talents to solve specific problems that merit consideration. A generous amount of effort must be expended to identify the real problems. (White-Iowa State) 0528 - F4 THERE'S HOPE AHEAD, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Poultry Science. John Skinner. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 86-90, November 6-7,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Odor, Land use, Population, Management, Poultry, Foods, Agricul- ture. Identifiers: Manure handling, Public relations, Goals, Land use planning. Examples are cited of problems which have been turned into profitable industries; this can also be done with animal wastes. The increasing urban population will demand that animal wastes and their associated odors be disposed of at least cost to the meat consuming public. We must first dedicate ourselves to finding answers to the animal waste disposal problem. We muit have full realization and appreciation of the cause, extent and con- sequences of the problem by all concerned. Better land use planning is needed as well as progressive regulations and laws. Better public relations mutt be created for all of agriculture and agriculturally related industries. Emphasis is placed on realizing the consequences of what we are doing today The author proposes a goal of 'rendering inoffensive those parts of animal waste and by-products which are disagreeable to the public in general' (White-Iowa State) 0529 - F3 INTRODUCTION TO FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL ACTION PROGRAMS TO SOLVE ANIMAL-WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. Douglas A. Yanggen. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product 'Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 91, November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Water pollution, Agriculture, Environment, Government supports, Cost sharing, Education. Regulation. Identifiers: 'Government programs, Technical assistance, Subsidy. An introduction is given for following articles on governmental programs' which include technical assistance, cost sharing, regulation and education at federal, state and local levels. Those included il- lustrate the various techniques for influencing private decision making. (White-Iowa State) 0530 - Bl, F2 THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL WATER POL- LUT1ON CONTROL ADMINISTRATION IN FARM ANIMAL WASTE AND THE BY- PRODUCT MANAGEMENT, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Chicago, III. Great Lakes Region. Frank E. Hall. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 92-95 November 6-7, 1969. Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution, Research and development, Federal government, Disposal. Grants, Water pollution control. Lake Erie. Water quality. Standards, Legislation. Identifiers: *FWPCA. Animal waste disposal, Agricultural practices, Feedlots, Enforcement ac- tions, Water quality standards. A discussion is presented stating how the programs of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administra- tion relate to farm animal wastes and by-product managemeht. Examples are given of government and in-house research activities. Mention is given of those FWPCA supported activities that relate directly to the control of pollution from farm animals. These include pollution surveillance and water quality monitoring among others. The author feels that the moil significant recent accomplish- ment in water pollution control is the establishment of water quality standards. (White-Iowa State) 0531 - A3, Bl TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE FROM THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, Soil Conservation Service, Madison, Wis. Jack Densmore. In: Proceedings of Farm •Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 96-97 November 6-7,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Soil conservation, Surface runoff, Diversion, Grassed waterways, Ter- racing, Waste storage. Identifiers: 'Technical assistance, Soil Conserva- tion Service. Farm waste disposal, Feedlot. . Situations in which technical assistance from the Soil'Conservation Service (SCS) might be useful for reducing pollution from farm wastes are listed. Although the list is not all inclusive it gives an idea of assistance that can be obtained. An inventory and analysis of existing and potential areas where farm waste disposal may be a problem is needed. Technical assistance is available from the SCS to help on farm waste disposal problems, under the following limitations: (1) where the solutions in- volve techniques of soil and water conservation; (2) with the priorities established from time to time by local soil and water conservation district super- visors; and, (3) within the limitations of available man-power. (White-Iowa State) 0532 - Bl, Fl COST-SHAHING UNDER THE AGRICUL- TURAL CONSERVATION PROGRAM, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Ser- vice, Madison, Wis. Kenneth H. Hoover. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 98-100, November 6-7,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, *Cost sharing. Pollu- tion abatement, Soil conservation. Water conserva- tion, Sedimentation. Identifiers: ASCS, 'Agriculture Conservation Pro- gram. Practices and objectives of the Agricultural Con- servation Program (ACP) have been broadened to include pollution abatement, provided such prac- tices also result in soil and/or water conservation. The Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) manages program funds of the ACP. A list of components that ought to be in- cluded in pollution abatement cost-sharing prac- tices is given. Most practices receive cost-sharing at 80% of cost. Farmer acceptance and financial con- tribution are needed to accomplish the stated ob- jectives. (White-Iowa State) 0533 - F2 THE REGULATORY ROLE OF THE DEPART- MENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison. Div. of Environmental Protection. Thomas O. Frangos. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 101-104, November 6-7,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legislation, Water pollution. Pollution abatement. Wisconsin, Water quality, Regulation, Industrial wastes. Identifiers: 'Department of Natural Resources, Feedlots. Statutes which point out the authority for Wiscon- sin water pollution abatement are cited. Other statutes are aimed at prevention and enforcement of sporadic discharges into streams. Based on these statutes, it is clear that the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources has adequate authority to im- plement a program of pollution abatement aimed at any source of pollution. Difficulties in implementa- tion include tradition, procedures, and lack of staff and funds. Any solution to the complex animal waste problem will Involve a mix of programs, com- bining- regulation, research, education, financial assistance, voluntary actions by landowners and possibly even tolerance on the part of the non-farm population. (White-Iowa State) 0534 - Al, A3 COLUMBIA COUNTY PROGRAM, 259 image: ------- Columbia County Office, Portage, Wis. Joe Tuss. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- ProducI Management Conference. University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 105-107, November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Nitrates, Water pollu- tion. Air pollution, Odor, Pollution abatement. Zoning, Wells, Wisconsin. Identifiers: Feedlots, Livestock concentration. The Columbia County Extension Service was charged with formulating a IS man farmer commit- tee to study the present situation in view of pending proposed requirements of animal and agricultural waste disposal. It will make recommendations for preventing agricultural pollution in current problem areas and in expanding agricultural enter- prises. A joint program by Columbia County Health Services, Zoning Administration and the University Extension formulated a project to sam- ple well water for nitrates. Over 800 wells have been sampled, Forty-three percent of the high nitrate problem is on farms with high concentration of livestock. The public's demand for clean air, water and environment can be met by programs which involve the items of concern mentioned as well as others. (White-Iowa State) 0535 - A3 WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN WALWORTH COUNTY, Walworth County Zoning and Sanitation Office. ' Elkhorn.Wis. James Johnson. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference. University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 108-110 November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Water pollution, •Zoning, Pollution abatement. Eutrophication, Nutrients, Water resources. Land use, Lakes, Ur- banization, Education, Erosion control, Land development, Regulation, Wisconsin. Identifiers: Problem areas, Soil capabilities. Feedlots, Regional Plan. Increased urbanization resulting in land use con- flicts is the overall problem in Walworth County. Wisconsin. As a result, the water resources are deteriorating at an alarming rate. Eutrophication, erosion and nutrient pollution are the major causes. The Regional Plan, properly implemented will regulate growth in such a way as to prevent many problems before they occur. The Walworth County Sanitary Ordinance was a pioneering effort in pol- lution control which regulated urban growth through the use of soil surveys. The Ordinance will implement zoning by denning 'County Conserva- tion Standards'; which are all of the recommended conservation practices of the Soil Conservation Service. Much can he accomplished with local regulations, but education is essential to sell the program. (White-Iowa State) 0536 - F3 ROLE OF UNIVERSITY EXTENSION, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Oiv. of Economic and Environmental Development. Gale Vandeberg. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 111-113, November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment, Educa- tion, Universities, Research and development. Regulation, Water pollution, Wisconsin. Identifiers. 'University Extension, Adult educa- tion. The challenge to Extension lies in the broad and continuous education of the public so that a pleas- ing and healthful environment may be maintained. The University Extension combined with the technical, financial and regulatory resources of other state and federal agencies has the resources to reduce the animal waste management problem. The University Extension staff has the responsibili- ty to help various groups and the public to un- derstand the problems and the alternatives; to help- people who need to organize for action to do so; and to help groups and individuals to know what they can do. h'ow to do it, and what resources are at their disposal. (White-Iowa) 0537 - F4 WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Meat and Animal Science, Richard H, Vilstrup. In: Proceedings of Farm Animal Waste and By- Product Management Conference, University Ex- tension, University of Wisconsin, p 114-115, November 6-7, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Environment, Wisconsin, Technology, Education, Research and development, Regulation, Legislation. Identifiers: Waste management, Waste utilization. The author attempts to briefly summarize the ideas and presentations made at the conference. He points out that the waste management problem has many dimensions, including environmental, social, economic, physical, political and psychological. There is an increasing concern for the quality of en- vironment in Wisconsin. As such, research and education are needed in many areas. Five specific recommendations for continued emphasis in the waste management area are made. Recommenda- tions are also made for educational development. (White-Iowa State) 0538 - A2, Bl, Cl, C5, El CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES FROM SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE FEEDLOTS. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources Center. Knvironmental Protection Agency, Water Pollu- tion Control Research Series, January 1971. 87 p, I 3 fig, 23 tab, 72 ref, 1 append. EPA Program 3040 DEM 01/71. Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Livestock, Quality con- trol. Analysis, Cattle, Confinement pens, Feed lots, 'Farm wastes. Southwest U.S., 'Agricultural runoff, Solid wastes, Irrigation, Texas, Water reuse. Identifiers: 'Quality of runoff, 'I.ubbock (Tex). Research was conducted on experimental feedlots in Lubbock, Texas, to determine the charac- teristics of wastes from Southwestern cattle feedlots. The feedlots were generally operated in a manner conforming to normal commercial practice in the area. They were provided with collection pits that allowed the quantity of runoff to be mea- sured accurately. Samples of runoff were col- lected routinely both during rainstorms and from the collection pits. Manure samples were also col- lected routinely for analysis. The quantity of ru- noff per unit area of concrete-surfaced lots is sub- stantially greater than the quantity per unit area of dirt-surfaced lots. Concentrations of pollutants in concrete-lot runoff are substantially higher than corresponding concentrations in runoff from dirt- surfaced lots. The quantity of solid waste derived from cattle fed an all-concentrate ration is less than half as great as the quantity derived from cat- tle fed a 12 percent roughage ration. Additional studies showed that all solid waste derived from cattle feeding operations are readily compostible, although the rate of composting is influenced to some extent by the type of ration, moisture con- tent of the waste on the feedlot floor, and other factors. Agronomic studies indicate .that runoff can be used for irrigation of crops, but extreme caution is required in the application of runoff to crops to prevent damage to them. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0539 - A2, Bl, F2 PROCEEDINGS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansas City. Mo. Kansas City, Department of the Interior, February 1969.40 p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Water pollu- tion control. Identifiers: 'Feedlot pollution control, 'State status reports, Animal production, Model feedlot regulation, Animal waste management. An objective of the conference was to review the problem, as it exists today, of animal waste management. Information was given on how to conduct a state inventory of feedlots. A report was given on the Kansas animal waste control program. Control devices for animal feedlot runoff were discussed. The results of some feedlot pollution control research in Colorado and Nebraska was given. Status reports of 9 state pollution control programs were given, as well as model feedlot regu- lation design. (white-Iowa Slate) 0540 - F4 INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT, Texas State Legislature, Austin. W. Clayton. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February 1969. p 5-7. '' Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Regulation, Pollution abatement, Ecosystems, Waste disposal •Feedlots. In assessing the significance of the various threats to our water and air resources, two items should be kept in mind: (1) no one can come to the en- vironmental table with clean hands, and (2) a dis- proportionate emphasis placed on one segment of the problem may result in other areas going un- noticed. Animal waste in general and feedlot waste in particular pose significant environmental problem s in the areas of (11 fish and other aquatic life and recreational uses, (2) potable water sup. plies and (3) land usage and esthetics. These en- vironmental challenges can best be overcome by means of an effective and active alliance between the feeding industry and the responsible regulatory agency. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0541 - F4 FEEDLOT POLLUTION SLIDE SHOW, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region. R.S. Jessee. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February 1969. p 7-8. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Fish-kill, Irrigation, Farm lagoons. Odor, Cattle, 'Feed lots. Water pollution sources. Water pollution control, Iowa,. Nebraska, Missouri River Basin. Identifiers: Flies. A major source of pollution in the Missouri Basin is agricultural waste from feedlots. There are over ' 46,000 feedlots in Iowa and over 24,000 in Nebraska. Over 4 million cattle were on feed last year in Iowa. The wastes generated by 100 cows are equivalent to 8 to 18 hundred people. Feedlot pollution too often occurs as a slug load washed into the stream after moderate or heavy rains. 260 image: ------- Twenty-eight slides show extreme examples of water pollution from feedlots. They include slides taken at the John Redmond Reservoir, where over a half million fish were killed from cattle runoff. Several slides of manure in feedlots depict condi- tions before and after heavy rains. Also shown is a feedlot with a diversion terrace, a large lagoon, a secondary lagoon, and cropland irrigation; thus the nutrient cycle is completed. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0542 - F4 ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION - OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region. J. M. Rademacher. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conferences, Kansas City, Missouri, February 1969. p 7-9,4 ret Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Groundwater, Cat- tle, Fish lull. Animal population. Runoff, Confine- ment pens. Waste treatment. Wells, 'Feed lots, Missouri River Basin, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Population equivalents. The volume of animal wastes produced in the United States is about ten times that produced by the human population. Two billion tons of livestock wastes are produced annually in the U.S.A. This amount of waste production is equivalent to that of a human population of 1.9 bil- lion. There is evidence that animal wastes are a major source of water quality degradation. Feedlot runoff contaminates water supplies, destroys fish and aquatic life in streams, and generally degrades water quality. These wastes also have an effect on ground water, of 6000 water samples analyzed in Missouri, forty-two percent contained more than 3 parts per million nitrate as nitrogen. Public recog- nition and open discussions constitute a major step toward the solution to this major problem. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0543 - F3 INDUSTRY'S ROLE IN FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL, C.B.Joseph. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February 1969. p 9-10. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Waste disposal. Runoff, Groundwater, Animal popula- tions, Kansas, Economics, 'Feed lots, Water pol- lution control. Water pollution sources, Industrial wastes. Identifiers: Industrial expansion. Beef consump- tion. In Kansas cattle in feedlots with over 1000-head capacity have increased in excess of 700% and are producing over half the state's total beef produc- tion. In 1956, of the 182,000 head produced, only 30,000 head were produced in commercial feedlots with a capacity in excess of 1000 head; however, by 1969, the total production had risen to 766,000 head of which 486,000 were produced in feedlots with over 1000-head capacity. With this rapid in- crease in both the size and number of large feedlots, the problems of pollution control have become more pressing. Sites for new feedlots must be chosen more carefully with respect to terrain features and tax write-off incentives need to be ex- tended to feedlot owners to cover the cost of adequate control and disposal facilities. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0544 - Fl, F3 HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Min- neapolis. j.p. Badahch. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February 1969. p 11-12. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Investiga- tions, Runoff, Legislation, Minnesota, Waste disposal, Confinement pens. Financing, Permits, Topogn phy, 'Feed lots. Identifiers: Inventory, Questionnaires. The most important aspect of any feedlot invento- ry is the financing necessary to undertake such a project. Every government agency and private as- sociation is under a limited budget and the object of any study must be justified. Minnesota has 19,900 feedlots which makes personal investiga- tions unpractical and necessitate'S'canvas by mail. Some preliminary screening can be done by questionnaire which could be sent to households in rural areas. These questionnaires would not be ap- plications for a permit, but would supply informa- tion on whether investigation -for a permit would be necessary. These questionnaires would primari- ly determine the size of the operation, its location and topographical features, and the type of waste handling and disposal systems. Investigators could be sent where it was necessary and determine con- formity to regulations and permits issued. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0545 - F2 HOW TO CONDUCT A STATE INVENTORY, Colorado Dept. of Health, Denver. Water Pollu- tion Control Commission. F. J. Rozich. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February 1969. p 12-14. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Investiga- tions, Runoff, Legislation, Colorado, Waste disposal; Confinement pens. Financing, 'Feed lots. Identifiers: Inventory. With the passage of the Colorado Water Quality Act of 1966, the Colorado State Agency gained ju- risdiction over wastes discharged by feedlots in the state. The first task was gathering more specific information, such as ownership, acreage involved in the various feedlots, the number of animals fed, and the location of the facility. To carry out the inventory an engineering technician was employed for field surveys. The Milk, Food, and Drug Section and local health units were asked to complete a similar inventory as part of their rou- tine inspections of dairy cattle facilities. Where a possibility of water pollution was indicated, dis- trict engineers were asked to follow up and discuss this matter with the owner of the facility. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0546 - F2 THE KANSAS ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL PROGRAM, Kansas State Dept. of Health, Topeka. Environ- mental Health Services. J. L. Mayes. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, February 1969. p 15-17,1 append. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legislation, 'Water quality control, Cattle, Investigations, Runoff, Kansas, Waste disposal, Permits, Fish kill, Odor, Retention, 'Feedlots, Water pollution control. Identifiers: Flies, Slug flow. With the increasing size and number of cattle feedlots, the public has been aroused on the problems of odor and fly production. This concern was brought to the attention of the Kansas Depart- ment of Health where the concern shifted to water quality in 1959 when fish kills began occurring downstream from a few feedlots. Field investiga- tion of water pollution episodes revealed that the 'slug' flow of animal waste runoff can seriously pollute receiving streams. These investigations al- lowed the design of a control program which will yield significant results. These regulations require containment and control by irrigation practices of all runoff from animal feedlot installations, with the minimum retention of three inches of surface runoff. A copy of these regulations is included. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0547 - A3, Bl, Dl CONTROL DEVICES FOR ANIMAL FEEDLOT RUNOFF, Nebraska State Dept. of Health, Lincoln. Water Pollution Control Council. T. O'Brien. andT. A. Filipi. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference. Kansas City, Missouri, February -1969. p 18-19,1 fig, Iref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment. Confinement pens, Cattle, Aerobic treatment. Ru- noff, Farm lagoons. Irrigation, Waste disposal. Waste storage, 'Waste water treatment, 'Feed lots. Identifiers: Anaerobic lagoons, Detention ponds. The confinement feeding of livestock animals in large numbers has produced one of the most per- plexing and complex problems ever faced by en- gineers, planners, and developers, not to mention the livestock feeder himself. The problem includes solid waste disposal, stream pollution, and air pol- lution. Basically, it involves the controlling of wastes from the animals in the confined feeding operations. Several types of control facilities are possible, detention ponds, anaerobic lagoons, aerobic lagoons, and oxidation ditches. A deten- tion pond is intended to hold surface runoff from the feeding area and has the disadvantage of col- lecting large amounts of water which must be disposed of within a few days. Anaerobic lagoons work best when wastes are added at a constant rate which is difficult to maintain in a cattle feedlot. An aerobic system appears to be the most satisfactory with wastes scraped into bydraulically flushing gutters and emptied into variable aeration lagoons for treatment. (Dor land-Iowa State) 0548 - Al, F4 RESEARCH ON ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM CATTLE FEEDLOTS IN NORTHEAST- ERN COLORADO AND EASTERN NEBRASKA, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div. C. E. Evans. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 20-22, February 1969. Sref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes. 'Cattle, 'Nitrates, Biochemical oxygen demand, Confinement pens, Runoff, Coliforms, Ammonia, Odor, Absorption, 'Groundwater contamination. Water pollution sources, 'Pollution abatement, 'Organic wastes. Identifiers: 'Feed lots. Livestock in the United States produce over 1 bil- lion cubic yards of wastes per year. About three- fourths of our beef cattle are finished in feedlots. Some of these feedlots carry as many as 50,000 head, which presents a waste disposal problem similar to a city of 600,000 people. Rains are very efficient at picking up this material from feedlots, resulting in introduction of material with a high BOD into streams. Research was conducted to determine ground water pollution. Feedlots had the highest nitrate levels, but irrigated land probably contributes more total nitrate due to much larger acreage in irrigated land. There was a rapid die-off of the coliform population in feedlot soils, indicating little danger of ground water con- tamination by coliforms. Ammonia losses in the air 261 image: ------- result in odor and increased ammonia absorption by water surfaces around the feedlot. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0549 - F4 THE UNIVERSITIES' ROLE IN FEEDLOT POL- LUTION CONTROL, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. I. R. Miner. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 23-24, February 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Runoff, 'Universi- ties, Confinement pens, Cattle, 'Pollution abate- ment, Research and development, 'Feed lots. Until feedlot runoff control is achieved in a manner acceptable to the livestock producer, regu- latory agencies and the general public, the univer- sities must play an active role. One of the principal contributions of universities toward solving the feedlot pollution problem is to guide and stimulate students through specific courses in livestock wastes combined with the basic principles of other scientific disciplines, such as civil and agricultural engineering, microbiology, chemistry, agronomy, and others. Extension education can be one effec- tive method of alerting feedlot operators to the problems of feedlot runoff and bringing to them the currently available means of controlling or abating these problems. It also allows for feedback from feedlot operators to the university. A well- designed research project should. (1) be of .interest to one or more researcher, (2) be compatible with available facilities, (3) stimulate growth on the part of the scientist and allow him to provide training to students, and (4) have some source of funding available. The roles of research centers and stu- dent training centers have been mutually benefi- cial. A university can interact with society through consultation of its staff with various individuals and agencies. Such interactions are possible because of the universities' reputation as an un- biased source of objective recommendations. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0550 - F3 HOW TO GAIN PUBLIC SUPPORT, Kansas City Star, Mo. R.Turnbull. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 24-25, February, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Runoff, Pollution abatement, Cattle, "Feed lots. On the pollution subject there are two extremes, one group would stop doing anything that might in any way pollute streams, such as use of commer- cial fertilizer; while the other extreme insists they will continue to do as they please. Between these extremes are those people, both cattlemen and the general public, who will be reasonable if they are given the facts. The facts in the situation of feedlot runoff pollution consist mainly of numbers. Although not so at one time, we now have so many cattle and other livestock in feedlots that we have a problem. We must realize the number of cattle on feed has doubled since 1950. These numbers as simply as anything define the problem, and are un- derstandable to the public. When they do un- derstand this, they will be better prepared to give public support for whatever is needed to solve the problem. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0551 - F2, F3 MINNESOTA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CON- TROL PROGRAM - STATUS REPORT, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Min- neapolis. J.P.Badalich. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 25-26, February 1969. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Legislation, Ad- ministrative agencies, Legal aspects, "Regulation, •Minnesota, "Feed lots. Following the Big Stone Lake study, a joint ven- ture by the Governors of Minnesota and South Dakota, interest was generated in regulations re- garding feedlot controls for the state as a whole. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency is charged under statute for the control of all wastes. A 'preliminary draff of regulations was published which caused criticism from many feeders and various organizations. These reports and com- ments should precipitate regulations that will be reasonable and desirable. We then go through the statutory procedure of public hearings, where we hope to get the reactions of the people in industry as well as the public at targe. The next step is for the assistant attorney general to come up with the findings of fact, conclusions, and order. The Agency will then promulgate the standards, have them published, and issued. Following this we will set up specific rules, regulations and procedures, and then go into an inventory type procedure. Any regulation or standard proposed to the public or any industrial or municipal group must be reasona- ble, feasible, and practicable. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0552 - F2, F3 STATUS, FLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COM- PREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CON- TROL PROGRAM IN SOUTH DAKOTA, South Dakota State Dept. of Health, Pierre. Water Pollution Control Section. B. Barker. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 26, Februa- ry. 1969. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulation, "Ad- ministrative agencies, "South Dakota, Legislation, Pollution abatement. "Feed lots. A provision for promulgation of regulations to control wastes associated with confined feeding of livestock was included in the Plan of Implementa- tion of the 'Water Quality Standards for the Sur- face Waters of South Dakota.' The standards were adopted by the South Dakota Committee on Water Pollution on April 20,1967 and by the Secretary of the U.S. Dept. of the Interior on August 7,1967. In January, 1967, an Advisory Committee on the Committee on Water Pollution and the State De- partment of Health was formed to provide techni- cal assistance in developing regulations. Proposed regulations were discussed at a public meeting in Pierre on December 9, 1968. The Committee on Water Pollution will review feedlot waste disposal information presented at the December meeting and will prepare a regulation for the purpose of holding public hearings. We are working with the South Dakota Water Resources Institute and Civil Engineering staff at South Dakota State Universi- ty in developing a study on the effects of feedlot wastes on our surface waters. Plans include an education program to keep the industry informed of proposals and obtain feedback from th< igricul- tural community. (Schmitt-IowaState) 0553 - F3 STATUS REPORT OF MONTANA'S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS, Montana State Dept. of Health, Helena. Water Pollution Control Section. D. Willems. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 27, Februa- *y, 1969. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulations, "Mon- tana, Administrative agencies, Legislation, Pollu- tion abatement, "Feed lots. Montana does not have feedlot regulations but at • this time is developing regulations. Most com- plaints on feedlots are because of nuisance condi- tions, thus, control of both air pollution and water pollution seems essential. Development of a per- mit system for feedlots, similar to the present system for municipal and industrial waste discharges is hoped for. The main concern at this time is to have adequate control of new feedlots and the prediction is that there will be many in the state before too long. It looks as though much time could be spent on controls for existing feedlots with very little accomplishment. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0554 - F3 MISSOURI'S ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE- MENT, Missouri Water Pollution Board, Jefferson City. B. Crockett. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 27, Februa- ry 1969. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulation, 'Missou- ri, Administrative agencies, Waste disposal, Pollu- tion abatement, Cattle. The Missouri Water Pollution Board believes the agricultural pollution in Missouri can be controlled through a program of education at this time. The Board is cooperating with the University of Mis- souri Extension Service and the Federal and State Departments of Agriculture to educate the fanning public for the control of agricultural pollution. In May, 1968, the University of Missouri Extension Service completed a revised agricultural inventory for the Board on the stream basins of Missouri. This study, to be updated every three years, in- cludes land use data, fertilizer and pesticide usage data, as well as animal and poultry production data for each basin. The Missouri Water Pollution Board does not plan to request legislation pertain- ing to the registration of feeders and, and/or con- finers at this time. (Schmitt- Iowa State)- 0555 - F4 •STATUS REPORT - KANSAS FEEDLOT POL- LUTION CONTROL PROGRAM - EXTEM- PORANEOUS REMARKS, Kansas State Dept. of Health, Topeka. Environ- mental Health Services. M.W.Gray. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 28, Februa- ry. 1969. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Regulation. "Kan- sas, Administrative agencies, Fertilization, Cattle, •Feed lots, Waste disposal. As a result of research undertaken approximately five yean ago at Kansas State University and the University of Kansas, it was concluded that the activated sludge type of treatment of wastes from animal feedlot operations is not feasible from an economic standpoint. Retention ponds and the use of retained waste* for agricultural purposes wai the key to our solution in Kama*. Although final authority for pollution control rests with the De- partment of Health, our problem* are approached with the livestock sanitary commissioner's office, the agricultural extension service, the county agent, the consulting engineer, and the feeder. We' are not seriously concerned from the standpoint of ground water pollution by way of the, feedlot sur- face or from retention facilities. We are more con- cerned with the solid waste material, the manure* that are cleaned from the feedlot surface and reap- plied to agricultural land. The amount of nutrient* 262 image: ------- that can be applied per acre is directly proportional to that which will be removed with the crop grown. We strive for cooperation and understanding from the animal feeding community, as this is essential to our program. (Schim'tt- Iowa State) 0556 - F2, F3 STATUS REPORT • NEBRASKA FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM, Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council, Lin- coln. T. A. Filipi. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 29, Februa- ry, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulation, •Nebraska, Fertilization, Administrative agencies. Runoff, Cattle, 'Feed lots. Water Quality Standards have been adopted and are weU-known to all persons in the state of Nebraska. Municipalities and industries have taken care of their responsibilities and otter pollu- ters must follow in the program. The problem of pollution from the industry of agriculture, specifi- cally feedlots, was brought to the attention of the Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council by per- sons living downstream from the feedlots. They brought in evidence such as samples of water and photographs which clearly convinced the Council that serious pollution does occur and corrective steps must be taken. A Feedlot Operators Commit- tee was formed and assigned to prepare rules and regulations relating to the registration of feedlots. A voluntary survey regarding the size and location of feedlots received better than 80% compliance. The next assignment of the committee is develop- ment of solutions within the economic possibility of the industry. Research is carried on by the University of Nebraska Extension Division work- ing with the United States Dept. of Agriculture. The greatest problem that confronts Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council is that of answer- ing questions of persons intending to set up feedlot operations, since we have no guidelines for Nebraska conditions. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0557 - F3 STATUS OF NORTH DAKOTA'S PROGRAM TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL FEEDLOTS, North Dakota State Dept. of Health, Bismarck. Div. of Water Supply and Pollution Control. N. L. Peterson. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 30, Februa- ry, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulations, 'Ad- ministrative agencies, 'North Dakota, Runoff, Cattle, 'Feed lots. Shortly after the state's new Water Pollution Con- trol Board took office on July 1, 1967, they requested the State Department of Health to present to them as much information as possible on pollution from agricultural areas and, if possi- ble, draft a proposed preliminary set of rules and regulations. The first draft was presented in Oc- tober, 1967 and used Kansas proposed regulations as a guideline. An Advisory Committee on Feedlot Wastes was then established. It was composed of Health Department personnel, representatives of the Board, and representatives of the various cat- tle raising and feedlot operators associations. This Committee was to review and comment on proposed regulations, discuss them with their con- stituents, obtain comments, and recommend changes. The Advisory Committee failed to obtain many comments on the third draft of the proposed rules and regulations and decided to withhold any further action until a report on the Animal Waste Management Conference in Kansas City on February 20, 1969 could be obtained. Due to the number of variable factors involved in feedlot operation, the actual extent of pollution is difficult to establish. Thus, there is a need for much addi- tional research into the problem of feedlot pollu- tion. Ultimately, rules and regulations will probably be adopted. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0558 - F3 COLORADO'S STATEMENT, STATUS, PLANS, AND NEEDS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM, Colorado State Dept. of Public Health, Denver. Pollution Control Div. F. J. Rozich. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 30-31, February 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulations, •Colorado, Cattle, Legislation, Administrative agencies, Runoff, 'Feed lots. The extent of the problem of pollution attributable to feedlot wastes is being determined not only by the inventory being conducted, but also through stream studies. After public hearings and much discussion pro and con, the Colorado Water Pollu- tion Control Commission adopted 'Rules for the Control of Water Pollution from Livestock Con- finement Facilities' on April 10,1968. Where it is determined, through field inventory and sub- sequent inspections, that a pollution problem does or can exist, the feeder wUl be asked to comply with the adopted rules. A Cease and Desist Order will be issued and an injunction sought if the feedlot operator fails to comply within a reasona- ble time. All types of animals corralled or tethered, including recreational horses, are included in the rules. The pace of advancement of a pollution con- trol program is governed largely by the amount of monies and personnel available for such a project. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0559 - F3 FEEDLOT POLLUTION CONTROL IN IOWA, Iowa State Dept. of Health. Des Moines. Environ- mental Engineering Service. R.J.Schliekelman. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 31-32 February, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Regulation, 'Iowa, Cattle, Legislation, Administrative agencies. Ru- noff, 'Feed lots. Water pollution control. A study committee comprised of three Iowa Water Pollution Control Commission members, two agricultural engineers and the extension veterinari- an from Iowa State University was formed in November, 1966 to study the feedlot waste problem and make recommendations for cor- rective measures. During 1967 a permanent Agricultural Advisory Committee was appointed by the WATER Pollution Control Commission to formulate tentative criteria for a permit system and tentative standards for design of feedlot ru- noff control systems. Four public hearings were held in April, 1968 as a part of the procedure for establishing regulations. The 'Proposed Cattle Feedlot Waste Water Disposal Regulations'' defined a feedlot and described conditions under which a permit for waste disposal is required. Ac- companying tentative 'Requirements for Water Pollution Control Facilities' described satisfactory facilities for handling the feedlot runoff waste. The rules and regulations were adopted by the Commission in 1968 and referred to the Legislative Departmental Rules Review Committee for final approval. Objections were voiced and the rules were disapproved. The Committee did recommend and volunteered assistance in sponsoring legisla- tion to permit a registration procedure. Demon- stration grants have been requested from the FWPCA to build model facilities, which it is felt, would do more to prevent pollution from feedlots than any other item not already undertaken. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0560 - Bl, F4 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region. A.V.Resnik. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 33-34, February,1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, •Confine- ment pens. Regulation, Water pollution control In the initial phase of confinement livestock feed- ing, feedlots were, by design, situated where the rains would scour the waste materials from the lots, preferably into nearby draws and streams. We know now that the highly concentrated organic waste cannot and must not be discharged without treatment into streams. The exact contribution and the total effect of animal wastes on the water quality of the Missouri River Basin is not known. Prevention and control cannot wait while all the data are collected and assembled. Feedlot runoff pollution could be greatly reduced with a minimum expenditure by utilizing known information. Regu- lations are necessary to insure the feedlot operator that the measure he is taking will guarantee a reasonable tenure of operation. Uniformity which concurrently allows for flexibility must be built into the regulations, since there is no one model or control device that will substantially alleviate animal waste pollution. Possible control methods include, (1) zoning of entire watersheds for livestock production, (2) government built Tint generation* plants of new concept and design, (3) development of supplemental range feeding pro- grams, and (4) composting a mixture of manure and municipal garbage for use on a 'greenbelt' separating the city from the animals. (Iowa State) 0561 - F3 INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT WASTES, North Dakota State Dept. of Health. Bismarck. Div. of Water Supply and Pollution Control. N. L. Peterson. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 34-33, February. 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, Confine- ment pens. Cattle, Pollution abatement. Regula- tions.'Feed lots. Feedlot wastes differ from municipal and industri- al wastes in that they are not confined nor do (hey have predictable flows. The wastes from feedlots generally reach the stream only during periods of runoff. The first step toward assessment of the pollution problem might be to determine areas of the state where most feedlots are concentrated and what major or minor river basins have the highest potential of being polluted at tiroes of feedlot ru- noff. The next step might be to develop an inven- tory of feedlots including data on location, topog- raphy, number of cattle, and other characteristics of the lot operation and management. Methods of obtaining inventory information might be through permits. County Extension Offices, farm associa- tions, and perhaps through individual personal contact. A state water pollution control agency, adding pertinent weather data to this information, should be in a position to access the pollution potential, both individually and for each river basin. Certainly much can be accomplished if the state water pollution control agency makes a sin- 263 image: ------- cere offer of assistance and advice to individual feedlot operators. Rules should be drawn up for the purpose of assisting the state agency and the feedlot operator to solve a mutual problem. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0562 - F3 ASSESSING THE PROBLEM OF FEEDLOT POLLUTION, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. C.G.McNabb. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 35-36, February, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, Confine- ment pens, Cattle, Pollution abatement,.Legisla- tion,'Feed lots. Cattle feedloti have been receiving an increasing amount of attention from pollution conscious peo- ple because of their growing number and size, they can be seen and smclled, and our affluent society is becoming more concerned with esthetic values. Action is demanded and we must progress using the best information available while trying to secure additional data. A partial list of useful data might include (() quantity and capacity, (2) number of impoundments to catch runoff, (3) how the solids and liquids are handled, (4) the slope and length of slope, and (5) the soil type. Eventually the data should help us determine what effect feedlots have on the water quality of a basin. One method of developing an inventory is to legislate a permit requirement. A more desirable method is to voluntarily work with livestock organizations to gather information and set guidelines for pollution abatement. However, at the present time much un- certainty exists on the type of pollution abatement facilities that are effective and feasible. An infor- mation-education program is needed to create an awareness of the pollution problem by the livestock people. Awareness should precipitate more cooperation with agencies involved as well as initiate voluntary abatement programs. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0563 - F2, F3 A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL FEEDLOT REGULA- TION, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City. F. L, Matthew. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 37-38. February, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Regulation, Pollution abatement, Cattle, Legislation, Confine- ment pens, 'Feed lots, 'Model studies. In the development of a feedlot regulation, other alternatives should first be considered and the need for a regulation firmly established. Next it is necessary to establish general and specific objec- tives for the proposed regulation. Alter establish- ing objectives, restraints should be considered. Budget and staff limitations will normally be the most important restraints on the implementation program. The last step is to establish evaluation criteria which should include: (1) preventive or corrective nature. (2) clear information about the feedlot operators obligations, (3) enforceabQity within staff budget restraints, (4) provisions for appeal, (5) avoidance of discrimination, (6) control of both new and existing facilities, (7) control of construction and operation, (8) provisions cover- ing ultimate disposal of wastes, (9) provisions for periodic updating. (10) compatibility with existing Federal, state and local laws, (11) definitions of pollution and pollution parameters, and (12) establishment of effluent quality standards and specification of sampling procedures. When these steps have been taken and necessary public infor- mation programs are underway, the development of the feedlot regulation and implementation pro- gram plans can proceed. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0564 - F4 RESEARCH NEEDS IN CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE CONTROL, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Civil En- gineering. L.A. Schmid. In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 38-39, February, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Research and development, Byproducts, Pollution abatement, •Feedlots. Although research priorities cannot be neatly separated since most of the categories are interre- lated, certain areas should receive increased research emphasis. Characterization of wastes should be included in studies wherever possible. The sanitary engineer's fundamental knowledge of biological waste treatment and other processes is sufficient that he can design a process, biological or otherwise, based on a knowledge of the waste characteristics. Biological treatment in a liquid system of the manure scraped from a feedlot I should not warrant a high degree of priority, since most of the biodegradable solids have already decomposed depending on the age of the manure and the conditions involved. Return to the land ap- pears to be the most favored method of disposal. We know very little of the effect of the heavy loading anticipated from large feedlot operation, but somewhere there must be a balance between rate of waste disposal, land destruction, and crop production while satisfying the primary goal of pollution control of both surface and ground water. The next priority deals with either manage- ment practice or processes that reduce the solid or liquid waste that comes from the lot. Reuse of wastes as feed material and other by-product recovery schemes may require attention in the fu- ture. (SchmiU-Iowa State) 0565 - Bl, F4 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT VIEWS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington, D.C, Div. of Applied Science and In: Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 40, Februa- ry. 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment, Cattle, Pollution abatement. Administrative agen- cies, Research and development. Water pollution control. The problem of the waste from animal feeding must be considered not only as a pollution abate- ment problem, but rather as an animal feeding or an animal management problem in which waste management is considered as an integral part of the overall problem of making a profit from your investment. The prime consideration is to max- imiie profit taking into account the additional cost of waste management. This could even mean changing the feed to decrease the amount of wastes produced or the quality to make it easier to handle the waste products. The Office of Research and Development of the FWPCA is anxious to demonstrate new or improved techniques for han- dling and treating animal wastes that reduce the pollutional load to receiving streams or ground water. Participation with industry can include up to 70% of the total cost. The nation as a whole desires pollution abatement to become an integral part of our economy and expects a definite im- provement in our environment. (Iowa State) 0566 - F3 DEVELOPING AN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE- MENT ACTION PROGRAM, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Agricultural Extension Div. S. H. Bodenhamer. In. Proceedings of Animal Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, Missouri, p 40, Februa- ry, 1969. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Regulation. 'Legisla- tion, Pollution abatement, Water pollution control. Many dynamic forces will affect the implementa- tion of a desired animal waste management pro- gram. Before attempting to initiate change, any so- cial system should (1) define the situation to be changed, (2> describe the desired situation. (3) list what, needs to be"done to accomplish the desired, and (4) describe the resources available and those that are needed. A listing of the different au- diences or interest group* can be helpful in prepar- ing a message for them. Each audience will need to see how the change will help them satisfy their own needs for goods, services, and attitudes. De- cide on what method is to be used to retch each audience, as change is best brought about through good communications and cooperation. Methods may be influenced by the size of the audience and their state of adoption. Those to affect or be af- fected by animal waste management programs must be involved in deciding what should be the program. Cooperation is positively correlated with the degree of involvement the parties to be af- fected are involved in shaping the proposed action. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0567 - A9, C4 BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL FLORA OF SEAGULL DROPPINGS IN JERSEY, Jersey General Hospital, St. Helier (England). J.Cragg. and Y.M.Clayton. Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol 24, No 4. p 317- 319,1971. 12 ref. Descriptors: 'Animal wastes (Wildlife), * Bacteria, •Fungi, Waste identification, E. coli. Streptococ- cus, Yeasts, Salmonella, Shigella, Seashores, Sampling, Laboratory tests. Gulls. Identifiers: 'Seagull, Mycology, Jersey. In Jersey 166 fresh and 122 dried seagull droppings were obtained and studied locally and in London for the presence of bacteria and fungi of potentially pathogenic nature. There were no salmonella or shigella bacteria isolated from the two groups but there was a high proportion of Candida albicans obtained from the fresh material (21.7%) and only 1.6% from the dry faeces. Cryptococcus neofor- mans and Histoplasma capsulatum were not found in either the dry or fresh droppings. The normal bacterial and fungal flora of the seagull was established and it is considered that the C. albicaiu) in fresh gull droppings would not materially in- crease albicans infections in man. (Bundy-lowa State) 0568 - Bl, F5 DEAD BIRD DISPOSAL BY RENDERING, California Univ., Riverside. , W. C. Fairbank. and E. L. BnmhaD. Poultry Digest, Vol 30, No 358, p 600401. December 1971. Descriptors: 'Farm waste. 'Chickens, 'Waste disposal, 'By-products, Artificial use. Identifiers: Rendering. The reduction of dead poultry, and poultry viscera, feathers, cockerels, and unmarketable eggs to salable by-products is probably the most nearly perfect disposal method for these wastes. Rendering is a recycling process. Meat, bone, and leather meal are used ra formulation of livestock and pet foods. The rendered 'yellow grease' is 264 image: ------- used mainly by feed, soap, and chemical indus- tries. Usually no payment it made to the poultry supplier, but receptacles with tight-fitting lids are supplied. Whole carcas*e> are cooked and fed uniformly to a tapered screw ofl expeUer or press. Dead whole poultry yield 50% recovery, 25% of which is grease and 75% meal. The value of meal (about 58% crude protein and 4% crude fats) is ap- proximately four cents per pound. The value of feed grade yellow grease is about seven cents per pound. Restaurant grease, butcher shop trimmings, and small animals can be blended to provide sufficient volumes for continuous use of the rendering plant cookers. A layer population of several million bens is necessary to supply adequate mortalities if there is DO other source of compatible waste. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0569 - C3, Dl, El ENZYMATIC EVALUATION OF PROCESSES FOR IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR RUMINANT FEEDS, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, Calif. Jack Guggolz, R. M. Saunden. G. O. Kohlcr, and T. J. Klopfenttein. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 33, No I, p 167- 170, July 1971.4 fig, I tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Enzymes, 'Biochemis- try, 'Digestion, 'Biodegradation, 'Ruminants, Cattle, Sheep, Degradation, Refuse, Cellulose, TDN, Alfalfa, Forages, Lignin. Identifiers: 'Onozuka SS, 'Agricultural residues. Roughage, Hemicellulose, Reed canary grass, Smooth bromegrast, Tall Fescue. Agricultural residue high in cellulose and hemicel- lulose are a potentially valuable source of energy to ruminant animals, but low digestibility of the car- bohydrates make some type of chemical or physical modification necessary. A procedure has been developed enabling one to correlate 'in vivo' digestion of residues with 'in vitro' dry matter dis- appearance. The procedure involves digestion of the crop residue or forage with a crude cellulose enzyme followed by protease digestion. 'Onozuka' SS was found to be the most active cellulose and was added at a rate of 750 milligrams per gram of residue, and incubated at 40C for 72 hours. At the end of incubation a series of procedures was fol- lowed to separate and weigh the remaining residue. Onne hundred minus the percent residue was called 'total solubles after enzymes' (TSAE). The correlation coefficient between enzymatic and 'in vivo' results for alfalfa, reed canary grass, smooth bromegrass, and tall fescue were 0.997, 0.876, 0.998, and 0.999 respectively. The procedure ap- pears to predict dry matter digestibility with suffi- cient precision to be of use to laboratories with no access to donor ruminant animals. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0570 - A7, A8, C4 MANURE MITES AND THEIR ROLE IN FLY CONTROL, Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Entomology. J. G. Rodriguez, Pritam, Singh, and Bob Taylor. Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol 7, No 3, p 335-341, 1970. 2 fig, 4 tab, 30 ref. Public Health Service No CC 00207. Descriptors: 'Farm , wastes, 'Insect control, •Mites, Cattle, Poultry, Larvae, Oviposition, In- secticides, Diazinon, Insect eggs, 'Waste treat- ment, Toxicity. Identifiers: 'Flies. Glyptholaspis confusa (Foa) and Macrocheles muscacdomesticae (Scopoli) generally attain their highest populations in stock piles of cattle manure in the fall and early spring. Their food during the 'fly-free season consists mainly of nematodes. In poultry houses populations of M. muscaedomesticae start building up in manure in the summer. Fuscuropoda vegetans (DeGeer) at- tains high populations in early summer and con- tinues to build up as the season progresses until late fall. Acarine control of the house fly in a poultry house under semi-field conditions ranged from 86 to 99%, depending in the mites involved. Fourteen chemicals were tested in the laboratory for toxicity to newly-hatched maggots of the house fly and the adult, M. muscaedomesticae. Diazinon, ronnel, Bayer 38156, malathion and dimethoate were relatively toxic to the house fly maggot and relatively non-toxic to the mite. Sugar-based baits were used against the adult flies in the integrated control program with promising results. (Parker- Iowa State) 0571 - A3, Bl, E3 EFFECT OF METHOD OF MANURE HAN- DLINC ON CROP YIELDS, NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND RUNOFF LOSSES, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering; and Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. R. R. Hensler, R. J. Olsen, S. A. Witzel, O. J. Attoe, and W.H. Paulson. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 13, No 6, p 726-731, November-December 1970. 10 tab, 26 ref. OWRR- 14-01-0001-858. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Crop production, 'Application methods. Runoff, Nutrients, Green- houses, Waste disposal. Chemical analysis, Fertili- ty, Soil chemical properties. Identifiers: 'Nutrient recovery, Anaerobic liquid manure, Aerobic liquid manure. A study was made of the effect of type of manure, method of handling, amount of bedding, drying treatment, and rate of application on the fertilizing value of cattle manure for corn and hay and on ru- noff losses. Dairy and beef cattle manure was ap- plied as fresh, fermented, aerobic liquid and anaerobic liquid, both in greenhouse conditions and in actual field tests. Testa were run to deter- mine nutrient loss before application and nutrient recovery by plants and runoff losses after applica- tion. Results showed increased corn dry matter in all cases of manure application with poorer remits shown by the aerobic liquid than the other three. Allowing manure to dry for one week before incor- poration usually gave lower yields and lower recovery values for N, P. and K. Total dry-matter yields of corn were not greatly affected by increas- ing amounts of bedding up to 8 percent, but at the 16 percent rate, yields were usually much lower. (Parker-Iowa State) 0572 - A9, C4, E3. F2 AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM FEEDING POULTRY LITTER TO ANIMALS. MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS. Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio. Div. of Microbiology. James W. Messer, Joseph Lovett, Oopala K. Murthy, Albert J. Webby, and Mary L. Schafer. Poultry Science. Vol SO, No 3, p 874-881. May 1971.3 tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Disposal, •Feeds, 'Public health. Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Besti- cide residues. Microbiology, Health, Diseases, Sal- monellac. Sewage, Bacteria, Arsenic compounds. Identifiers: Food and Drug Administration, Medicinals, Ultraviolet-light-activated substances. Feeding studies on the utilization of poultry litter as a feed additive for ruminants have demonstrated satisfactory animal nutrition, thus, opening many questions of public health significance. This study examined the heat .resistance of salmonellae and Arizona pathogens; whether heat treatment of poultry litter would provide an effective barrier against disease transmission; and determined the levels of some medicinals, pesticides, and ultra- violet light activated compounds in poultry litter. Results showed that a heat process for the elimina- tion of salmonellae and Arizona sp. may be feasi- ble, since they are not highly resistant to heat. E. Coli being less resistant to moint heat than sal- monellae, were eliminated as an indicator of the ef- ficiency of the heating process. With the exception of arsenic, the concentration of pesticides and medicinals present in the litters assayed in this study were low. On the basis of the highest ob- served values in litter, beef cattle and dairy cattle fed 30% of their diet as litter would receive approx- imately 46.0 mg of arsenic, 19.0 milligrams of uric acid, 16.0 milligrams of nitrofurazone, 15.0 milli- grams of furazolidone. and 1.4 milligrams of ul- traviolet-activatable substances per day. The possi- bility of higher levels and the unknown effect of continuous exposure to low levels suggests the present ban on the interstate shipment of poultry litter for animal feed is warranted. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0573 - A5, D2 METHODS OF REMOVING SETTLEABLE SOLIDS FROM OUTDOOR BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. C. B. Gilbertson, T. M. McCalla, J. R. Ellis, and W. R. Woods. Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineering, Vol. 14. No. 5, September-October 1971. p 899-905, 19fig, 2 tab, II ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Runoff, Cattle, 'Set- tling basins. Waste disposal. 'Feed lots, 'Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Liquid storage. Continuous flow, Batch system, 'Feedlot runoff. Two experimental systems were installed to study removal of scttleable solids from runoff. One method, termed the 'batch' system, consisted of a primary settling basin and a secondary basin. All runoff from a given storm event was trapped within the primary settling basin and detained to allow the heavier solids to settle to the bottom of the basin..The supernate was pumped from the pri- mary basin into the secondary basin for longer de- tention times. The other concept was termed 'con- tinuous flow.' Runoff resulting from a storm moved continuously through a series of porous dams. The porous dams reduced the velocity of flow sufficiently to allow the heavier particles to remain in the settling channel while the liquids flowed by gravity to a liquid storage pond. Results of the 1-1/2 year study are: (I) The concentration of chemicals and solids in runoff was highly varia- ble for rainfall-runoff events; (2) Rainfall runoff transported about 1.6 tons of solids per acre-inch, while winter runoff transported about 10 tons per acre-inch; (3) The batch system removed settles- Me solids .efficiently; however, the system main- tenance had considerable disadvantages; (4) The continuous flow concept may be readily adapted to many of the feedlots experiencing runoff problems; (5) Settling of solids presents more of a problem during cold weather. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0574 - D4 OXIDATION DITCH IN A CONFINEMENT BBEF BUILDING, ^^ Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept of Animal Science- and minois Univ., Urbana. Dept of Agricultural Engineering. D. D. Jones, D. L. Day, and U. S. Oarrigua. Transaction of the ASAE. Vol. 14, No. 5, Sept- Oct 1971. p 825-827.6 fig. 2 tab, 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Confinement pens. •Oxidation lagoons, Aerobic bacteria. Costs, Cat- 265 image: ------- tie, 'Waste water treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand. Identifiers: •Beef cattle wastei. Disposing of beef cattle wattes with an in-the- building oxidation ditch it being studied by the De- partments of Animal Science and Agricultural En- gineering in an experimental beef-confinement facility at the University of Illinois Beef Farm. Wane from cattle consuming rations of high- roughige and high-concentrate was studied during a four month test period from March through June, 1969. Field trials indicated that the in-the- building oxidation ditch is a satisfactory method of treating beef cattle waste. Loading rates of 53 cm ft of oxidation ditch per 800 pound fattening calf and 80 cu ft per cow and calf were used. The 5-day mixed-liquor biochemical oxygen demand values were less than 1,000 mg per liter and the superna- tant BOD5s were usually less than 200 mg per liter. The chemical oxygen demand values were ex- tremely high (up to 55,000 mg per liter) due to the high cellulose ration fed to the first group of animals. There was some evidence that biological activity was influenced by cold climates. Assum- ing a daily BOD5 production of 1.3 pound per 1000 pound beef feeder and a power cost of 2 cents per KWH, the aeration rotor operating cost would be about 2.5 cents per 1,000 pound animal per day. This would be about 1 cent per pound of gain. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0575 - AS, Bl, Dl, El POULTRY WASTE HANDLING SYSTEMS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. E. Ostrander. Poultry Digest, November 1971, p 529-532. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Odors, Drying, Aero- bic, Anaerobic, Poultry, Oxidation lagoons, Design, Effluents, Waste water disposal, Fertilizer, Hydraulic structures. Waste management Identifieri: Storage capacity, Plow-down applica- tion. Laying cages. Deep pits. The problems of waste management have become increasingly important primarily because of in- creasing in flock size, concentration of birds and population migration to the country. There are several waste handling systems, none of which is adaptable to all situations. Some of the more popu- lar types of waste handling systems are: (I) deep pits which are capable of handling at least 6 to 9 months storage, (2) hydraulic systems with aerated lagoon, and (3) oxidation ditches. Spreading of slurry taken from the storage pits also creates problems, if not handled properly. If liquid spreaders are used, the spreaders should be en- closed to reduce odors on public roads and on other property. In the spreading of manure by the use of plow-down application method, the material is poured into the furrow followed up by plowing. The soil being a very good filter, reduces the odors. Regardless of the practice followed in handling waste products, care should be taken to avoid a poor image in the community. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0576 - A5, A6, C3 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS, .... , Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. J. D. Pros, T.E.Hazen. and J.R. Miner. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 14, No. 5,1971. p 837-840,5 fig. 6 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, 'Chemical oxygen demand, Air pollution. Ammonia, Con- finement pens, Analytical techniques. 'Oxygen demand. Identifiers: 'Organic gases. In an attempt to quantify the atmosphere of a con- finement swine building according to odors, the chemical oxygen demand analysis was modified and used to analyze the atmosphere within the building. Air was pulled through a 0.8 micron filter to 3 culture tubes containing equal parts of 0.025 N, K2Cr2oO7 and concentrated H2SO4. The volume i of air was measured with a wet-test meter. It was concluded that (1) the COD technique can be used. as a quantitative measure of the organic gases present. (2) the air COD values can be correlated: with noticeable differences in odor level as de- tected by the human nose, (3) the air COD technique detected different gases when the pH of the manure was above 7.0 than when it was below 7.0, (4) the air COD value rises sharply when the: ventilation is turned off and drops sharply when it is turned on again, <5) the air COD values are lowest when the pH of the manure in the pits is in the 6.8 to 7.2 range. The effect of absorbent tem- perature on the air COD values and the sensitivity of the COD technique to individual organic gases need further exploration. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0577 - D2 BLOCK DRYING Of CHICKEN MANURE, Cornell Univ.. Ithaca. N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.T.Sobel. Compost Science, Vol 11, No 3,1 tab, 1970. p 28- 29.3fig.3rei'. Descriptor!: 'Farm wastei. 'Drying, 'Poultry, Moisture content. Odor, Nitrogen, *Waste treat- ment. Identifiers: Block drying. ; Blocks of chicken manure were air dried to form a storable product with minimum odor. Reductions in weight, volume, nitrogen, and viable organisms were obtained during the drying period and follow- ing storage period. Due to moisture loss during drying, the blocks experience a weight reduction to 29 percent of the initial weight Shrinkage can result in a volume reduction of approximately 50 percent. The reduction in viable organisms over • 3-3/4 period is substantial but a large number of or- ganisms still exist. Nitrogen is lost during the dry. ing and storage period. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0578 - Bl, El, Dl, F4 COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF FARM WASTES, Ministry of Agriculture (Northern Ireland). J. S. V. McAllister. Water Pollution Control, Vol 69, No 4, p 425-429. 1970.6 tab, 5 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Slurries, Sewage, Aeration, Incineration, Biochemical oxygen de- mand. Farm lagoons, Water pollution, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Methane, Hydrogen sulphide. Phosphorous, Waste water disposal, Watte water treatment. Identifiers: 'Pig slurries, 'Poultry droppings, 'Cat- tle excreta, Silage. Improved farming techniques, suburban develop- ment, and a wider realization of the necessity to control pollution of the atmosphere and water sup- plies have increased the problem of farm watte col- lection and disposal. Generally, in Europe farm wastes are collected in the form of a slurry but disposing of this slurry is a problem. The use of this slurry as a manure has certain drawback* and alter- native methods of disposal such at drying, incinera- tion, aeration treatment, or synthesis of feeding stuffs are explored. (Ellis-Texas) 0579 - AS, D4, Bl OXIDATION DITCHES CAN ELIMINATE ODORS, MANVRE HANDLING AND POLLU- TION, John Russell. Farm journal, Vol 94, No 8, p H-10, H-I5, August 1970. * Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogi, 'Waste treat- ment. Activated sludge, Odors, Aeration. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, 'Hog confinement. Odor control, Smart Pork Farm. Lawrence (Kans). The use of oxidation ditches is described in a swine confinement system for 5000 head annually near Lawrence, Kansas. Thousand head finishing buildings have two oxidation ditches each with 4 rotors or wheels in each ditch. Organic matter removal is in excess of 90 percent. Operating costs approximate one dollar per head. Effluent is discharged to holding ponds for evaporation thereby eliminating all manure hauling. (Miner- Iowa State) 0580 - B2 ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES IN HANDLING LIQUID MATERIALS, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. C.M.Hansen. Agricultural Engineering, Vol 39, p 346-551, Sept 1958.13 fig, 1 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, 'Pumps, Hydraulic equipment. Liquid wastes, Liquids, Pesticides, Spraying, Herbicides, Hogs, Nemato- cides. Measurement, Centrifugal pump. Farm equipment. Cattle. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle. Anhydrous ammonia, Rotameter, Aqua ammonia, Liquid feeds. Helical rotor pump. Various methods of handling liquid fertilizer, liquid feeds, pesticidei, nematocides, and liquid manure are discussed with special emphasis given to the type of pumps recommended for each. Anhydrous ammonia is usually transferred by a bleeding system or a vapor-return system. It is commonly ap- plied to the soil by employment of the pressure dif- ferential system. Aqua ammonia is transferred by centrifugal pumps as are many herbicides. Pesti- cides are recently being applied with air-blast pumps which use both air and water as a carrier of the pesticide. A most successful hydraulic pump for handling soil fumigants has the nylon roller im- peller. This pump needs to be flushed with Kerosene or Stoddard solvent. The helical rotor pump with a rubber or synthetic rubber stator is a new pump for handling liquid manure in the semis- olid form. By pumping semisolids. a Missouri farmer is able to weekly flush the wastes from a 350-hog installation with only 2,500 gallons of water. Dairy cow wastes are also a temisolid, as 56% of the 12-15 gallons per day water consump- tion is excreted in the feces while only 13% is excreted in the urine. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0581 - E2 BROILER LITTER ON WELSH COAL TIPS. Colin White. Agriculture. Vol 77, No 2, February 1970, p 49-51. Descriptors: 'Poultry, Farm wastes, 'Coal mine wastes. 'Land reclamation. Perennial ryetrua Vegetation establishment. Germination. ' Identifiers: 'Broiler liner, Field trials, South Wales. In South Wales large areas of land occur as gigantic coal spoil tips. Interested local authorities are In- creasingly concerned that disused dpi should be landscaped. Presently, however, up to five years may elapse before thli land is considered suitable for return to agricultural use. The National poultry laying flock produces 2,000,000 tons of fresh manure per annum. This poultry manure has values that may fit it well for use on derelick land. Tests 266 image: ------- and trials were arranged to tee if poultry manure could ameliorate the hanh conditioni presented in trying to eitabliih grew on coal tips. Hen battery slurry wu fint contidered and uud in the fint ger- mination teit. Italian ryegrass seed wu mixed with the tlurry and applied to tip material. Germination was only about 50%. Next the grata teed wai placed on the tip material and then covered by broiler litter. No loaa in germination wu found with thu tecond method. Field tests were then made tiling thii technique. The reiulti were utiifactory. Further triali and observation* are being con- ducted on tipi and restored opencait titei. (Parker- Iowa State) 0582 - A6, Bl, Fl CRITERIA NEEDED TO DESIGN ANIMAL QUARTERS FOR COMFORT AND PRODUC- TIVITY, Iowa State Univ.. Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. T E. Hazen. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 32, No 3, p 584- 589, 197l.20ref. Descriptors: 'Design criteria, Farm wastes, Research needs. Air pollution effects, Farm management, Confinement pens, Investment economics, Temperature control. Identifiers: Animal quarters, Air purity. Several reasons account for the shortages in livestock housing design. The most frequent reason ii either the added construction or operating cost necessary to obtain something better. Very little is known about the chemical and biological environ- ment systems and the quantitative effects they may have on animal comfort and productivity. In this respect, manure management is now under inten- sive study because fecal and urinary wastes appear to contribute most to the formation of undesirable conditions. Reasonably adequate data are now available on the treatment and disposal of wastes, but acceptable systems are lacking for separating the manure safely and efficiently from the animal and surroundings. (Bundy-lowa State) 0583 - AS, A6, C3, D3 AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Coll. of Agriculture. L. F. Elliot, and T. M. McCalla. Proceedings, Exploring Nebruka's Pollution Problems, symposium article No 31275; Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, April 22,1971. pi-6, 29 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Air pollution, 'Dusts, 'Odor, Aesthetics, Erosion control. Land manage- ment, Weed control, Pesticide drift, Dusl storms, Wind erosion, Pollen, Smoke. Identifiers: 'Allergens, 'Fatty-acids, Aerosol drift, Ragweed pollen. Stubble mulching. The major atmospheric pollutants from agriculture are dust, allergens, odors, pesticides, and smoke. The reduction of these pollutants through Im- proved management practices can be demon- strated. Dust can be controlled by proper cropping systems and management, Allergens can be decreased by weed control. If the surface of animal wastes is maintained aerobically, little or no odor will exist. Problems in reducing odor production in animal confinement units are discussed along with known odor causing chemicals present In these units. However, the control of odors by chemicals are usually of short duration and the chemicals are prohibitively expensive. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0584 - F2 STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Agricultural Engineering Research Div. W. F. Schwiesow. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House, Warrenton. Virginia, p. 19-25,1 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Runoff, Water Quali- ty Act. Regulation, Odor, Permits, Water pollu- tion, 'Feedlots. Uniformity of livestock feedlot design and management regulations is desirable so feedlot operators in one state do not have an advantage over operations in another state. Information is being made available to governmental authorities and other interested people in an endeavor to assist in obtaining a degree of uniformity. Interest in the quality of environment has led to many requests for information on state regulations per- taining to livestock feedlots. A summary of the material received may be categorized as follows: (1) regulations concerning feedlot construction, (2) control through other existing regulations, such as water quality standards or public health require- ments, (3) no specific regulations that are con- sidered applicable. Definitions for feedlots vary from state to state. Some states define a feedlot as any livestock confinement area where vegetation suitable for livestock consumption does not grow. Other states specify a minimum number confined at any one time. In most states, a penalty is charged for violation of regulations. Penalties range from $10 to as high as $1,000 fine. All 50 states have water quality standards which have been wholly or partly approved by the federal government. Recently passed legislation on air quality standards will cause the development of additional regulation for feedlot construction and management. 0585 - Bl, C4 •OD POSES PROBLEMS FOR POULTRY GROWERS AND PROCESSORS, Griffith (Llewellyn B.). Falls Church. Va. C. C. Griffith. Water and Sewage Works. Vol 117. No 1. p IIW/9- IW/14. Jan-Feb 1970.1 fig, 3 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wute. Poultry. Biochemical oxidation demand, Organic matter. dentifiers: 'Poultry processing plant, Broilers. Live weight. Blood wute. The BOD from poultry processing plants and parameters by which it can be estimated with meaningful accuracy are necessary when designing facilities. Graphs plotted from the data consistently produce a curve whose slope is upward as the size of the bird processed is increased. The BOD load cannot be expressed accurately in terms of produc- tion units of either head count or trass live-weight unless the average live-weight per bird processed is considered. The available data Is not considered to be sufficiently comprehensive to permit precise calculation of BOD loads Imposed by the larger birds of today, but it is adequate to raise a warning flag which should alert those involved to the proba- bility that treatment plants designed according to the old criteria may be underdesigned by a factor of two where 4 Ib. birds are being, or soon will be, processed. (Bundy-lowa State) 0586 - A2, Bl CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND ALTERNATIVES TOR WASTE MANAGEMENT, ™U"ATIVBS control, 'Confinement pent, Manure lagoons. Set- tling buins, Land management. Fertilizers, Storm run-off, Nitrates, Groundwater, Incineration, Waste water treatment, Coliforms, Cattle, Sheep, Hogi, Design criteria. Pacific Northwest. Daily waste production of domestic animals is 10 times the waste production of the human popula- tion of the U.S. Per capita beef consumption has risen 34% from 1950 to 1960, while meat con- sumption overall has risen 15%. To meet the de- mand, the number of beef cattle in the U.S. has gone from 85 million head in 1945 to 108 million head in 1965, a 27% increase. Prior to the advent of large feedlots, wastes were relumed to the land to aid in feed production, but many feed lots have concentrated so many animals that there is not enough land nearby upon which to spread the wastes. Waste treatment facilities are now becom- ing necessary to these operations. The most com- mon are oxidation lagoons and ditches, although incineration and composting are simulating con- siderable interest. Sight selection guidelines, design criteria, and waste management suggestions are presented. The development of new techniques and the utilization of known conservation practices can and should be combined to achieve water quality control as well as soil and water conservation. (Lowry-Texu) C.E.Velrs. Oregon State University. Water Resources r- WR 0587 - AS, Dl HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND METHYL MER- CAPTANS REMOVALS WITH SOIL COLUMNS, Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil En- gineering. D. A. Carlson, and R. C. Gumennan. Proceedings of the 21st Prudue Industrial Waste Conference, Extension Series 121, 1966. p 172- 191,14 fig, 3 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Degradation, 'Hydrogen sulfide. Soil bacteria, Soil types, Odor, Sulfur bacteria, Pseudomonas, Anaefobic conditions, Loam, Sands, Clays, * Waste treatment. Identifiers: 'Methyl mercaptan, 'Soil filters, Elu- tion water, Sulf uric acid. Recently, the soil siltntion principle has been in- troduced and successfully applied to odors emanating from sewage. On this basis, a soil filtra- tion system was chosen to experimentally remove hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan from air. Soil columns 3-1/2 feet long were used over a period of six to eight weeks. On concentrations of 15 mg/1 hydrogen sulfide and 775 mg/1 methyl mer- captan, efficiencies approached 100%. Different types of soil were used with artificially enriched fertile loam soil being superior in degradative abili- ty to clay, sand, and sandy lotm soils. No op- timum soil depth could be established, since bac- terial population was still increasing at the end of the test period. It appears that a depth of 3.5 feet is near the maximum necessary. The effect of gas settling of the mercaptan gas upon entering the soil columns was negligible. A back pressure of 1,5 inches of water existed in a moist fertile loam soil at a flow rate of 0.35 cfm. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0588 - D4 BFTECT OT TEMPERATURE ON AEROBIC OKOMPOSmON OF DAIRY CATTLE Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, £ C. Nye. A. C. Dale, and D. E. Bloodgood. Transactions of the ASAE. Vol 14, No 3. p 545-48 May-June, 1971. t fig. 3 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Aerobic treatment •Wute disposal. 'Livestock wastes, Rumlnanu Sewage disposal. Oxidation, Cattle. umm*ntt- Identifiers: Phenyl pyruvlc acid. -Livestock wu,., 'Water ouanty wastes, which are 267 image: ------- about 25% lignin and protein, and 25% undigested feed and bacterial cells. A manure mixture of 2 parts feces and I part urine was fed into five decomposition chambers at a rate of 90 grams per 6 liters per day. After 28 days, batch feeding replaced daily feeding in the chambers which ranged in temperature from 35 to 7SF. On the 74th day the entire contents of the chambers were dried. When semi-continuous feeding was stopped, the solids concentration of the supernatant decreased to a minimum of 4000 mg/l in the warmest chamber. As this minimum was reached the pH dropped from 7.8 to 5.7 in seven days. This may have been caused by the formation of phenyl pyru- vic acid as lignin was transformed to humos. In an aerobic system with a detention period of 74 days at temperatures above 6SF, a reduction in volatile solids of 70 percent can be attained. In the same type of system at 48F, only 45% reduction of volatile solids is attainable. A definite change in the rate of decomposition of volatile solids and COD seems to occur between 48F and S6F. (Schmitt- lowaState) 0589 - A6, C3 VOLATILIZATION OF NITROGEN-CONTAI- NING COMPOUNDS FROM BEEF CATTLE AREAS, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Agricultural Experiment Station. L. F. Elliott. G. E. Schuman. and F. G. Vlets. Soil Science Society American Proceedings, Vol JS.p 752-755,1971.4 fig, lOref. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Ammonia, Fertilizer, Pasture, Crop response. Land use, Dust, Cattle. Identifiers: 'Acid trap, 'Cattle feedlot. Distillable- nitrogen. Temperature-dependent, Aliphatic amines. Corn stubble. The release of NH3 plus steam-distillable organic N compounds to the atmosphere from a small beef feedlot and a pasture was measured. Acid traps placed next to the feedlot and 0.8 km from the feedlot averaged 148 and 16 kg/ha per yr NH3 plus steam-distillable organic N compounds, respective- ly. The same traps averaged 21 and 3.3 kg/ha per yr, respectively, or organic N compounds that were not recovered by the 3 min steam distillation procedure. Feedlot disturbances, such as manure mounding, increased volatilization of N com- pounds. Ammonia plus steam-distillable organic N compounds trapped near a cattle pasture and cropland averaged IS and II kg/ha per yr, respec- tively. Organic N compounds not recoverable by the 3-min steam distillation were very low in the areas. Normally, steam distillation values represent only NH3; however, in this case, other N-contain- ing compounds were distilled over and titrated as NH3. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0590 - Bl, Dl, El THE MISSOURI APPROACH TO ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, Missouri Univ.. Columbia. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. M. George, M. R. Peterson, C. G. McNabb, J. W. Robbini, and G. B. Garner. Missouri Water Pollution Board and Extension Division, University of Missouri - Columbia. MP232/7l/IM.pl-65.2ltab. Descriptors: 'Farm wa»te, 'Lagoon, 'Design ittn- dardi, Aeration. Filtration. Oxidation, Watte disposal. Irrigation, Design. Sprinkler irrigation. Farm management. Swine. Cattle. Anaerobic bac- teria. Soil disposal fields. Identifiers: 'Soil-plant filter, System management, Solid manure. Livestock producer! have asked for guidelines on animal waste management that will be feasible and enduring. With these facts in mind, staff engineers of the Water Pollution Board held a series of meetings with staff members of the Extension Divi- sion and Department of Agricultural Engineering of the University of Missouri-Columbia, to develop guidelines for disposal of waste from confinement feeding operations. The information and design guidelines are intended primarily for the use of per- sonnel in agencies concerned with animal waste management systems, including detailed informa- tion on the components; that is, settling basin and a detention basin. Lagoon systems were outlined giv- ing component parts and sizing with some cost esti- mates. Guidelines were also given for final waste disposal, including tankwagons and irrigation from pits and lagoons. The effects of these systems on the surroundings were also discussed. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0591 — A2, A3, F4 AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN, Deputy Minister. Ontario, Department of Agri- culture and Food. Allen Cywin, David Ward. Agriculutral Pollution of the Great Lakes Basin, Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Office, combined Report by Canada and the United States 13020, July, 1971. p. 1178, 4 fig. SO tab, 22 ref. • Descriptors: 'Farm Waste, runoff, nutrients, pes- ticides, herbicides, chemicals. Fertilizers, eutro phication. Waste disposal, chloride, nitrogen, phosphorus. Identifiers: 'Great Lake Basin, Canada, United States. This report is intended to be a State-of-the-Arl document concerning abatement of pollution ol the Great Lakes Basin, as specifically Influenced by agricultural and related sources. It was com- piled by technical personnel, from appropriate fields in universities and governmental depart- ments in Canada and the United States. Primar- ily it relates to the identification of the Impact of agricultural and related activities on the pol- lution of the Great Lakes Basin, The major con- stituents of these non-point sources of pollution which were studied included: 1) runoff and release of nutrients, pesticides, and herbicides and degradation by-products as a consequence of the application of agricultural chemicals; Z) runoff of pollutants from animal and poultry production operations and from associated ani- mal waste management structures and lands used for ultimate disposal; 3) sedimentation resulting from current land use practices, in- cluding land influenced by agricultural activi- ties and by local, state and federal activities on public lands, highways and parks. Also un- der study was the scope of current planning. advisory and regulatory functions of the United States and Canadian Governments. The findings of some of the basic research conducted to date by both Nations, and the substance of the pro- grams Is one* of motivating development of more comprehensively effective and universally ap- plicable methodology for the management of wastes from agricultural and related activities, and the amelioration of the invaluable water resources throughout the Great Lakes Basin. (Bundy - ISU). 0592 - A3, A9, C3. F3 PLANT NUTRIENTS AND ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL, „ . Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Charles R. Frink. . Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Cir- cular 237, May 1970. lOp, I tab, 1 fig, Uref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste disposal, 'En- vironmental effects, 'Public health. 'Nutrients, •Connecticut, Sewage treatment. Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Dairy industry. Phosphorus. Identifiers: 'Plant nutrients. Plant nutrients released to the aquatic environ- ment permit the growth of abundant weeds and algae and complicate present efforts to provide clean water for Connecticut citizens. These nutrient sources include domestic sewage, animal wastes, fertilizers used on both farm and lawns, and nitrogen oxides from high temperature com- bustion. Although the economic return from the plant nutrients in farm manure is marginal at best, we can no longer afford the consequences of re- garding manure simply as waste to be disposed. Continuing efforts should be made to keep adequate land area in crops. Methods of assessing the human health hazard from the disposal of farm wastes should be examined. Research on methods for storage and handling farm manure should be continued, with the ultimate aim at storage and distribution system so that manure is applied to growing crops and not to bare or frozen soil. Research should be continued on new agronomic practices to improve the uptake by the crop of the nutients in the applied manure. (Parker-Iowa State) 0593 - Fl, F4 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Management, September 28-30, 1971. The Airlic House, Warrenton, Virginia, 203 p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Legislation, Cattle, Lagoons, Oxidation lagoons. Waste disposal, 'Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'State legislation, Animal waste management. ' This proceeding represents a record of the first meeting that was ever co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Environmental Pro- tection Agency, Council of State Governments, National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, and National Association of State Departments of Agriculture. The purpose: to focus on a problem with which they all have an in- terest and responsibility. There is no doubt of the public concern in a cleaner environment, including clean streams and waterways. At the same time, food requirements increase with the growing population and this has resulted in heavier concen- tration of livestock and poultry production which are contributing to the.pollution of our streams. Thus it is the animal waste management becomes a matter of public concern. Under such circum- stances the farmer and rancher who raise livestock and poultry are subjected to both Federal and State laws and regulations. This symposium pro- vided an opportunity for these different interest groups to meet together and share experiences. knowledge, and concerns and hopefully to come up with recommendations that will help assure at- tainment of our environmental objectives. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0594 - F3 IMPROVED CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. J. P. Campbell. In: Animal Waste Management Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment. September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House. Warrenton, Virginia, p. 7-9. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Permits, Local governments. Regulation, Odor, Water pollution, Fertilizers. Identifiers: 'State laws. The management of animal waste requires im- mediate attention. Animal wastes in this country are one of the significant sources of waste in our agricultural industrial-commercial-domestic com- plex. Fortunately, most of the waste is disposed on the land and does not constitute an environmental pollution threat. The problem stems from in- creased demand for meat and the modern farming techniques. Eighty to 90 percent of swine, poultry, and broilers are raised in concentrated areas. Where this production is in close proximity to ur- ban, recreational, and other areas heavily used by 288 image: ------- people, problems of odors, insects, rodents, and dust can arise. Stream pollution can be a problem even in more remote areas. A successful attack on the problem of animal wastes requires cooperation among USDA, the Environmental Protection Agency, State and local agencies, and private en- terprises. The prevention of agricultural pollution must be based on alechnology that has been thoroughly tested and proved as (I) economically feasible for producers, (2) safe with reference to the quality of products, and (3J protective of the public's rights to a clean environment. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0595 - Al, F3 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Categorical Programs. D. D. Dominick. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p. 11-14. Descriptors: 'Farms wastes. Odor, Local govern- ments, Regulation, Water pollution, Feed lots, Legislation, Water Quality Act. In a report to the President in 1969, entitled 'Con- trol of Agriculture - Related Pollution,' prepared by the Department of Agriculture and the Office of Science and Technology, it was indicated that animaJ wastes resulting from confined livestock feeding operations created one of the country's three main agricultural pollution problems. The other two pollution problems related to agriculture are caused by irrigation return flows and sediment- laden runoff. These feedlot pollution problems could have been minimized if care had been taken in locating the feedlot. Most states have long- standing public health and nuisance laws that, theoretically, govern livestock and poultry opera- tions with regard to flies and other disease vectors, odors, and dust. However, these statutes do not address the whole spectrum of air, water, and land pollution caused by feedlots. The Environmental Protection Agency has recently set up a Rural Wastes Section in the Office of Water Programs. This section is devoted to agricultural pollution problems, and will be addressing the overall problems of animal wastes. It will be developing guidelines for control, such as determining how much treatment is necessary, and will be providing direction in training and research. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0596 - F2 SUMMARY OF EXISTING STATE LAWS, National Association of State Departments of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. W. S. Cath. In: Animal Waste Management; Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House. Warrenton, Virginia, p. 17-18. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Runoff, Regulation, Pollution, Stale governments, 'Feedlots. Registration of new feedlots is a part of published regulations. In some states existing feedlots are required to register within a specified lime. In other states, existing feedlots are not notified of pollution potential and someone calls this to the at- tention of the pollution control authority. When this occurs, the control authority requires the operator to register the feedlot and to provide the necessary information. In some states feedlots would not have to register because of the size limitation but can registerif they prefer to do so. A state has responded to the animal waste runoff problem in one of the three following manners: either, developed regulations concerning feedlots construction, have control through other existing regulations such as water quality standards or public health requirements, or no specific regula- tions are considered applicable at this time. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0597 - Bl, F2 STATE REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Agricultural Engineering Research Div. W. F. Schwiesow. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p. 19-25, 1 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Runoff, Water Quali- ty Act, Regulation, Odor, Permits, Water pollu- tion, 'Feedlots. Uniformity of livestock feedlot design and management regulations is desirable so feedlot operators in one state do not have an advantage over operations in another state. Information is being made available to governmental authorities and other interested people in an endeavor to assist in obtaining a degree of uniformity. Interest • in the quality of environment has led to many requests for information on state regulations per- taining to livestock feedlots. A summary of the material received may be categorized as follows: (1) regulations concerning feedlot construction, (2) control through other existing regulations, such as water quality standards or public health require- ments, (3) no specific regulations that are con- sidered applicable. Definitions for feedlots vary from state to state. Some states define a feedlot as any livestock confinement area where vegetation suitable for livestock consumption does not grow. Other states specify a minimum number confined at any one time. In most states, a penalty is charged for violation of regulations. Penalties range from $10 to as high as $1,000 fine. All 50 states have water quality standards which have been wholly or partly approved by the federal government. Recently passed legislation on air quality standards will cause the development of additional regulation for feedlot construction and management. 0598 - F2, F3 MODEL STATE STATUTE FOR ANIMAL WASTE CONTROL, Council of State Governments, Washington, D.C. R. D. Conrad. Council of State Governments, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Regulation, 'Legal aspects, 'Farm wastes, 'Standards, Confinement pens. Permits, State governments, Civil law, Effluents, Water quality control, Inspection, 'Feedlots. Identifiers: Effluent standards. A model state statute for animal waste control is presented in an attempt to develop an effective legislative control. Operations which are in com- pliance with the statute are presumed not to con- stitute a nuisance. The statute establishes minimum animal numbers in confinement for an operation to be subject to the permit programs. It also establishes thai permits shall be needed for the operation and construction of a livestock operation with more than the minimum animal numbers. The statute designates how a permit may be revoked, allowing the operator an opportunity for a hearing. The state legislation should provide protection to those in compliance from harassing legal action and provide stability in administration. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0599 - F2 PROBLEMS, Minnesota Dept. of Agriculture, St. Paul. R. M. Dennistoun. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 33-35. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Regulation, Permits. Livestock, 'Minnesota, Feedlots. Identifiers: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Permit applications. Regulations for the control of waste from livestock feedlots, poultry lots, and other animal lots were developed and officially adopted in April, 1971 by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. These regulations were developed to comply with the specific policy and purpose of the State of Minnesota in regard to solid waste control as set forth be Minnesota Statutes. The Agency has prepared 'Permit Application' forms which are to be completed by each operator who plans to 'CONSTRUCT' AND/OR 'OPERATE1 A LIVESTOCK FEEDLOT. POULTRY LOT OR OTHER ANIMAL LOT. The application includes those existing feedlots that are 'noncomforming' lots, which means that they do not meet the stan- dards or criteria of some solid waste regulations. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0600 - F2 STATE OF OKLAHOMA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, Oklahoma Board of Agriculture, Oklahoma City. B. R.Gowdy. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment. September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p. 37-39. Descriptors: 'Farms wastes. Waste disposal. Regulation, Permits, Feedlots, Livestock, •Oklahoma, 'Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Feed Yard Act. Oklahoma. Board of Agriculture. The Oklahoma Legislature, in 1969. recognized the potential problem of animal waste disposal and enacted a 'Feed Yards Act,' with administrative responsibility in the State Board of Agriculture. A •feed yard' was defined as an area where more than 250 head of livestock were being fed for slaughter and in which there was no growing vegetation intended for livestock feed. The law requires the feed yard operator to (I) provide adequate control of pests. (2) provide reasonable methods for the disposal of animal excrement, (3) provide adequate drainage from the feed yard premise of surface waters falling upon the area oc- cupied by the feed yard so as not to pollute any stream, lake, river or creek, (4) provide adequate veterinarian services to detect, control, and prevent the spread of livestock diseases, (5) have available for use at all necessary times, mechani- cal means of scraping, cleaning, and grading feed- ing yard prmises, (6) provide weather-resistant aprons adjacent to all permanently affixed feed bunks, water tanks and feeding devices, and (7) conduct feed yard operations in conformity with established practices of the industry as approved by regulations adopted by the Board. (Bundy-Iowa Slate) 0601 - F3 PROPOSED ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION IN NORTH North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Inst of Government. M. S. Heath, Jr. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- 269 image: ------- menl, September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House. Warrenton, Virginia, p 41-43. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Regulation, Permits, Waste disposal. Feed lots. Identifiers: Proposals. North Carolina is considering legislation on the subject of animal waste control and management. During the recently concluded 1971 legislative ses- sion, a bill proposing a survey and planning process leading to administrative controls was considered but not approved. North Carolina, within the past year, has developed three separate proposals involving legislation on animal waste management and control. The first proposal, a draft bill cast in the familiar form contemplating regulation through permits for all animal or poultry producing units, never was formally introduced for legislative consideration. The second proposal, retaining the general rule-making power of the original draft but substituting a survey and planning phase for permit requirements, was in- troduced very late in the 1971 legislative session and died in committee. The third proposal, con- templating a study of animal waste management and control by the legislature's interim study com- mission, was adopted. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0602 - F2 STATE OF VIRGINIA ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, Virginia State Water Control Board, Richmond. L. O. Lawson. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 45-47. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Runoff, Waste disposal, Livestock. Feed lots, Legislation, 'Vir- ginia. Identifiers: Point source discharge. The Virginia State Water Control Law, first enacted in 1946, was amended by the 1968 and 1970 general assemblies to broaden and strengthen the authority of the Water Control Board. The Board's powers to regulate municipal and industri- al waste discharge are well defined and the law specifically spells out procedures for certification of such discharge. The Virginia pollution control law can be summarized as follows: (1) The present state water control law applies primarily to point source discharge. (2) Standards have been ap- proved pertaining to non-discharging lagoons, and the procedures for issuing these types of cer- tificates are well-defined. (3) The present state law does not adequately apply to diffuse sources of pollution. (4) Legal procedures involving animal waste have proved workable in the past. (3) There has been excellent cooperation from the other agencies in the state that are involved with animal waste. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0603 - Bl, F4 EFFLUENT DISCHARGE GUIDELINES AND ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLO- GY, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Research and Monitoring. H. Bernard, J. Denit, and D. Anderson. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 69-83,7 fig, 7 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Pollution abatement, •Treatment. Confinement pens, Aeration, Aerobic treatment, Biological treatment. Digestion tanks. Disposal, Farm lagoons, Organic loading. Soil disposal fields, Runoff, Feed lots. Oxidation lagoons. Identifiers: *Zero discharge. Bio-filter. We have arrived at the 'age of the feedlot.' More animals arc housed, more feed consumed, and more meat produced in any given restricted locale than ever before. In addition to the consumable products, f eedlots now produce upwards of 1.3 bil- lion tons of raw manure annually. Environmental impact notwithstanding, under these situations the physical problem of merely keeping the pens, barns, or houses even reasonably clean can be overwhelming. The Environmental Protection Agency research effort is being directed at developing and demonstrating an array of waste management procedures which effectively 'close the loop' against waste discharges. Essentially the effort is to provide farmers with the ability to apply the concept of 'Zero-Discharge' of waste flows. Several possible solutions are presented, a 'spray-runoff' concept, an oxidation ditch, and the •barriered landscape water renovation system.' 0604 - Bl, F4 STATUS OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTE TREAT- MENT AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. A. C Dale. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 85-95,6 tab. 3 fig. Descriptors: »Farm wastes, 'Dairy industry. 'Ru- noff, Environmental sanitation. Liquid wastes, Fertilization, Odors. Identifiers: 'Field spreading. Dairy-cow herds are proportionately small, averaging about 30 to 40 cows per farm. Although the trend in size is upward, the rate of increase is quite low, and it appears an average herd size of 70 to 80 cows may be reached about 1990. Dairyman have generally done a good job of returning their wastes to the soil. Sanitarians and other health of- ficers that visit grade A dairys have probably had some influence. Liquid handling is now being readily accepted and adapted to the dairy opera- tion, but handling the manure as a semi-solid is still the preferred way. Typically farm acreages are more than 1/2 acre per dairy cow, thus sufficient land is available for adsorption and utilization of the wastes produced without polluting the soil, water or air. Runoff from outside feeding floors appears to be the most difficult problem confront- ing dairymen. Lagoons are the most satisfactory method of intercepting such runoff, but the excess supernatant must be irrigated onto land and not permitted to overflow into water resources. Aera- tion can be used to control odors emanating from lagoons. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0605 - A3, A4, F3 CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION, F.O.Viets. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 97-105,2 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens, •Runoff. Groundwater, Fertility, Soil properties. Identifiers: 'Land spreading. Zoning. Per capita beef consumption in the United States has increased 3.5% per year for the last 20 years. This coupled with the apparent profitability of large integrated feeding and slaughtering opera- tions indicate that feedlots will grow larger and not smaller. We have never experienced such a con- centration of wastes on so small an area as some of our high density feedlots. Because stream and lake pollution from runoff is now prohibited, engineers are challenged to design facilities that minimize ru- noff or dispose of it economically and, hopefully, beneficially. The solution to the problem is to return the solid waste to the land in sufficient amounts for near maximum production of crops without waste of the animal feces resource. Un- derground water pollution appears to be a mostly local phenomenon. Widespread contamination of aquifers does not appear probable. Most of the un- solved problems lie in the air pollution area. The significance of increased levels of ammonia in the air to surrounding crops and lakes needs further study. Only about one tenth of the land needed to produce foodstuffs for cattle is needed for produc- tive waste disposal. Zoning appears to be one of the best solutions to the feedlot problem. Such zoning should include provision for adequate land for manure and runoff disposal. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0606 - Al, F4 POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural 'Engineering. R. C. Loehr. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment. September 28-30. 1971. The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 107-110. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Waste storage, Eutrophication, Drying, Odors. Identifiers: 'Field spreading. In most areas of the United States, if an egg producer does not have anywhere from 13 to 30 thousand birds under his control, he is not a major egg producer. The major egg producers usually have production complexes around three hundred thousand birds. In the general commercial house of today, the wastes are defecated through the cages to pits below the cages. Anaerobic condi- tions occur in the pits and when the wastes are spread, odors are released. All alternatives in stor- ing wastes include either aeration or drying com- bined with land disposal. It is extremely unlikely that the quality of aeration systems can be made such that the resultant effluent can go directly into any body of water. The place to put agricultural wastes is back on the land. The problem of nutrient control is another factor which requires concern when investigating alternative approaches for agricultural waste management. In the case of nitrogen removal, ammonia released to the at- mosphere is not the best approach because of the environmental problem that can result when it comes down. This demonstrates the need to deter- mine overall rather than piecemeal solutions. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0607 - Al, F4 SWINE WASTE MANAGEMENT, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. A.J.Muehling. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 111-119,7 fig, 2 tab, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal. Farm lagoons. Waste storage, 'Runoff, Irrigation practices. Confinement pens. Identifiers: 'Field spreading,' Pasture and recycling. In the 10 Corn Belt states where over 80% of the hogs were sold in 1964, the number of farms selling hogs declined 27% from 1959 to 1964, but the number of hogs sold increased 6%. The adop- tion of slatted floors has done much to influence the trend toward confinement by reducing or al- most eliminating bandcleaning and making it possi- ble to pump and handle the wastes with mechani- cal equipment. The confinement operator has all the wastes confined, so he only needs to adapt a suitable method of disposal to avoid pollution. Due to high nutrient strength as well as high BOD con- 270 image: ------- centration, it appears swine wastes must be returned to the soil. Due to dispersion, hogs on pasture have a low water pollution potential unless they have access to a stream. Swine production systems using solid floors and bedding has high pollution potential if part of the floor is uncovered. The major problems with spreading liquid manure from storage pits are the odors immediately after spreading and danger from runoff if spread on rolling land or frozen ground. Lagoons seldom pu- rify liquid: so that they may be released into a natural watercourse. Strong odors are associated with anaerobic lagoons. Although oxidation ditches are virtually odorless, the effluent is not purified to pollution control standards. Hydraulic manure removal minimizes odors but some type of recycling system is normally required. Dehydra- tion, incineration, and composting are not feasible at this time. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0608 - El RECYCLING OF ANIMAL WASTES, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Agricultural Engineering Research Div. R. C. Yeck, and P. E. Schleusener. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 121-127,2 fig, 3 tab, 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Reuse, Fertilization, Nutrition, Phosphorus, Nitrogen. Identifiers: 'Recycling. With much concern over upsetting the earth's delicate ecological balance, we seek the ideal of having all earthly activities fit into one mammoth recycling system. The present system of animal production is inefficient as it fails to take ad- vantage of the feed value left in waste and the wastes are considered an environmental contami- nant. Land recycling is currently the best available practice and will probably continue as a prime method for recycle for several years. Some recycling processes have feed as their only product, some produce nonfeed by-products such as methane gas, industrial chemicals, or water. The actual feed value of a specific animal waste is dependent on the waste used, the species to which it is fed, and the process used. The total protein output for any process will, of course, be limited by the nitrogen that was initially in the animal waste. Other constituents of value in animal watte include calcium, phosphorus, starch, and struc- tural polysaccharides. Addition of sodium hydrox- ide or sodium peroxide increases the digestabuity of wastes significantly. Ensiling mixtures of manure and grasses seems to have much potential as a refeeding process. Lagooning, hydroponics, insect culture, earthworm culture, fish culture, algae production, yeast production, and single cell protein culture are other processes that might prove to be acceptable economical recycling processes. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0609 - F2, F3 REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECYCLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. Bureau of Veterinary Medicine. J. C. Taylor. In; Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment. September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 129-131.4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Reuse, 'Regulation, Legal aspects, Inter-agency cooperation. Identifiers: 'Refeeding, Poultry litter. The current Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 prohibits interstate commerce in adulterated or mubranded foods and drugs. On September 2, 1967 the Food and Drug Administration published Section 359, which is a formal statement of policy under subchapter A, Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulation. This section states that the FDA has not sanctioned and does not sanction the use of poultry Utter as a feedstuff for animals although it has been receded to Subpart B of Part 135, Section 133.104. This policy statement is con- sidered to be a general statement applying to all waste products proposed as a component of the diet of animals. The reasons given are that wastes may be expected to contain drugs and antibiotics or their metabolites and that disease organisms may be transmitted through the wastes. The Bu- reau of Veterinary Medicine has received authorization to contact representatives of the En- vironmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, the National Institutes of Health, and the Association of American Feed Control offi- cials in an attempt to better coordinate the efforts of agencies concerned with recycling wastes. The three basic categories of information desired on waste products submitted to the FDA for review are (I) establishing nutritive value, (2) determining safety to animals and (3) determining food from these animals is safe for man. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0610 - A2, A3, A4, Fl WATER POLLUTION AND THE FARMER, Congress, Washington, D.C.; and House, Washington, D.C. F. Schwengel. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 133-135. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Govern- ment finance, Costs, Waste disposal, Pesticides. Identifiers: Financial return. The definition of pollution might be 'An unfavora- ble alteration of our surroundings manifested by a degradation of the physical, chemical, and biologi- cal characteristics of the associated land, water and air.' Agriculture is concerned with at least four major sources of water pollution: sediment, animal wastes, nutrient runoff from fertilizer use, and pollution from pesticides. There are at least two primary reasons that farm and non-farm in- dustries have neglected certain aspects of waste disposal. First, control measures demand an added Investment without a commensurate financial return, and second, changing production practices have made it more difficult to dispose of wastes. Despite the magnitude of agricultural pollution, funding by Congress continues at a modestly in- adequate rate. Only a little more than $100 million a year will be spent on watershed development projects during the next few years, whereas a funding rate of $500 million annually is needed to accomplish the objectives of minimizing agricul- tural run-off, silting, and other sources of pollu- tion. If we do not address ourselves to the agricul- tural pollution problem, we will not achieve our objectives. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0611 - Al, Bl, F4 U.&D.A. TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, Department of Agricultural, Washington, D.C. Science and Education. T. C. Byerly. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30. 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 139-141. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen- cies, 'Government supports. Water resources development. Identifiers: 'Agricultural Research Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Economic Research Service, ooil Conservation Service. Three research agencies of the Department of Agriculture provide technical and financial assistance. These include the Agricultural Research Service, the Cooperative State Research Service, and the Economic Research Service.-The Soil and Water Conservation Research Division of the Agricultural Research Service is responsible for such things as air pollution and water pollution by feedlots. The engineering group of this division is constantly seeking new structures that can con- tain, divert, or reduce pollution. The animal husbandry group looks into the possibility of recycling waste as feed. The Cooperative State Research Service administers about a million dol- lars worth of funds annually throughout the states on pollution control research. The containment, diversion, reduction, and utilization of waste are areas of concern. The Economic Research Service is responsible for evaluation of alternate methods of waste management and the evaluation of the economics of scale, organization of fecdlot enter- prises, and the efficiency of feedlot production. Agencies that provide the bulk of technical assistance as well as some financial assistance in- clude the Soil Conservation Service, the Fanners Home Administration, the Farmer's Cooperative Service, the Agricultural Research Service, and the Extension Service. The Soil Conservation Ser- vice has information available for all problems in the area of structure design. The Extension Ser- vice is a very good information delivery system as it is present in every county. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0612 - Al. Bl, Fl PROVIDING TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO FARMERS FOR ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, Farm Credit Administration, Washington, D.C. G. L. Swackhamer. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 143-145. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Credit, "Loans, Financing, Economic feasibility. Pollution abate- ment. Identifiers: 'Farm Credit System, Federal Land Bank, Production Credit Association. Banks for Cooperatives. The Cooperative Farm Credit System is a private- ly owned and managed system of credit services to farmers, ranchers, and their cooperatives. It is comprised of Federal Land Banks, Production Credit Associations, and Banks for Cooperatives. The funds used by the System are obtained from the sale of bonds and debentures to private in- vestors through a Fiscal Agency, and is regulated by the Farm Credit Administration, an indepen- dent agency. It appears desirable that some guidelines for decisions involving pollution control facilities be established, since the amount of credit required to finance animal waste systems is sizable and varies widely, and frequently, credit-worthy farmers have encountered difficulty in financing waste systems. Farm Credit banks have concluded that cooperatives have more waste management problems than individuals, relocation is often the method of resolving pollution problems, expendi- tures for waste disposal systems frequently lead to cost overruns; both lenders and borrowers are frequently ignorant of current laws and regula- tions, no single method of handling animal wastes is best in all cases, and amounts for pollution con- trol are often intertwined with total credit requests and may not receive adequate attention. Recon- ciliation of social benefit-cost issues with private investment-production decisions is producing new considerations for both lenders and borrowers (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0613 - Al, Bl, Fl TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 271 image: ------- FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL WASTES, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Water Programs. K.M. Mackenthun. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 147-149. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen- cies, 'Government supports, Water resources development, Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Identifiers: Solid Wastes Disposal Act. In confined animal feeding, manure becomes a lia- bility for both the operator and the public, as it is a repository for diseases and pests and it is a catastrophic polluter when it reaches a waterway. Runoff from cattle feedlots can be toxic to aquatic life, remove needed oxygen from the water, and supply food for the development of nuisance biological pests. The Environmental Protection Agency has a number of grants for research and demonstration and technical assistance activities that are applicable to the control of animal feedlot wastes. Grants are authorized under Section 6 (b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with the prime objective to develop by the late 1970's techniques for the complete elimination of point- source wastes, as well as to develop and demon- strate technology for the renovation of waste- waters for reuse. Technical assistance is available in the Office of Water Programs' Division of Technical Support and in comparable support groups within the ten regions of the Environmental Protection Agency. Both the Solid Waste Disposal Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act provide grants to assist state, interstate, municipal and inter-municipal agencies and organizations in development of plans and programs for solid waste and water pollution control. Regional EPA Administration should be contacted for Agency assistance. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0614 - Bl, Fl SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PRO- GRAMS TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SMALL FIRMS IN SOLVING PROBLEMS RELATIVE TO ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL, Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. Office of Financial Assistance. A. E. Armstrong. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 151-152. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen- cies, 'Government supports. Water resources development. Pollution abatement. Identifiers: 'Small Business Administration. It is the policy of the Small Business Administra- tion to make, participate in, or guarantee loans to small firms for any worthy business purpose, which includes waste disposal of any kind. Con- sideration is given to increasing loan amounts requested to provide for acquisition and installa- tion costs of waste disposal or waste treatment facilities with the same approach being permitted in respect to air and solid waste pollution. It is possible for the SMA to launch new business operations such as those in the processing or recycling waste field, but they are very difficult to handle. If an existing business wishes to purchase or install recycling or reprocessing equipment this would be treated as normal business expansion. Since SBA is a lending agency, it is concerned with credit criteria or requirements. As any other lender, it is interested in the character of its bor- rowers and in repayment ability, management ability, capitalization, and collateral. For lending purposes a business qualifies as a small business, generally, if it retails less than SI million annually. The classification of a manufacturing concern is based on the number of employees and can range from less than 250 to less than 1,500 depending upon the industry. SBA is not empowered to make any type loan or guarantee to agricultural enter- prises, being limited in its activities to commercial operations. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0615 - Bl, Fl FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE CON- STRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF IR- RIGATION SYSTEMS, New Mexico State Government, Santa Fe. Office of State Engineer. J. C. Yates. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House. Warrenton, Virginia, p 153-155. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen- cies, 'Government supports. Water resources development, Pollution abatement. Identifiers: 'Community ditches. Soil Conserva- tion Service, Agricultural Stabilization and Con- servation Service, Four Comers Regional Com- mission. Funds for programs relating to water supplies for irrigation, and projects for the construction and improvement of irrigation systems are from a trust fund account established by the Congress of the United States (Act of Congress 30 Slat. 484) in 1898 to the Territory of New Mexico. For that por- tion of the Southwest that was acquired by the United States from Mexico, the community ditch is an institution peculiar to the native people, and the customs governing community ditches are written into law. Through the cooperation of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Ser- vice, the Soil Conservation Service, the Four Cor- ners Regional Commission, and local ditch or- ganizations, nearly all ditches have been improved through concrete ditch lining, plastic and concrete pipelines and appurtenances for the distribution of water, works for flood protection of irrigation structures, construction of diversion dams, ditch headings and sluiceways, and improvement of im- poundment dams. In addition to grants and loans to community ditches, the Interstate Stream Com- mission has loaned to irrigation and conservation districts about SI .8 million for lining ditches, level- ing land, and undertaken similar conservation practices. The success of the cooperative irriga- tion systems improvement program may en- courage others to seek acceptable Federal-State- Local programs for animal waste management. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0616 - A3, Bl, F3 THE LAKE MENDOTA WATERSHED PRO- JECT, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. D. G. Last. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971. The Airiie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 163-167,1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen- cies, 'Waste storage. Government supports. Pol- lution abatement. Identifiers: 'Agricultural Stabilization and Con- servation Service, Soil Conservation Service, Rural Environmental Assistance Program, Lake Mendota. In 1966, the Lake Mendota Problems Committee prepared a report entitled, "Report on the Nutrient Sources of Lake Mendota.' Evidence was presented showing 30% of the phosphorus which entered the lake stemmed from runoff from agricultural land on which manure had been spread. Potential for this type of runoff was par- ticularly high during the winter when snow cover or frost made the soil impermeable. It was decided lake improvement could be accomplished by recommending methods for handling animal wastes that decrease water pollution. Through the cooperation of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, the Soil Conservation Ser- vice, and the University of Wisconsin Extension office, storage strhetures were built on a cost- sharing basis for those livestock facilities needing them. Despite the voluntary basis for this project, it is felt the Rural Environmental Assistant Pro- gram's stated goal: 'To improve the quality of life for all people by preventing or abating environ- mental pollution: providing the maximum public benefit; and conserving the land and related natu- ral resources,' has been accomplished (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0617 - Al, Bl, F4 THE ROLE OF EXTENSION IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN VIRGINIA, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg. Cooperative Extension Service. R. L. Wesley. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 169-171. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, •Adminis- trative agencies, Lagoons, Anaerobic digestion, 'Vaste treatment. Water reuse, 'Virginia. Cooperative Extension Service at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is quite heavily involved in assisting the poultry industry in Virginia with pollution abatement. Areas of assistance with top priority include the design. construction, and operation of waste disposal systems for poultry processing and rendering plants, and conduction of on-campus short cour- ses at VPI and SU on pollution abatement. Poultry processing waste is a suitable substrate for biologi- cal degradation by both aerobic and anaerobic bac- teria. The effluent from processing plants contains the proper bacterial flora so that when subjected to adequate liquid-solid separation procedures, 80% to 95% BOD removal can be achieved with the use of a series of oxidation ponds or lagoons. A grease and grit trap, an anaerobic digester, an aerobic polishing lagoon, and/or a mechanical aerator are the necessary ingredients for reliable disposal. If human sewage is also involved, final effluent chlorination is sometimes required. Tem- perature and depth of the lagoon are two critical factors for effective decomposition. At 10, 20, and 30 degrees Centigrade, 32, 89, and 96 percent of the solids have been removed. Predominant bac- teria that will appear in a lagoon are temperature dependent as evidenced by the various colors produced as the temperature changes occur. Addi- tional processes will need to be added to the design uv order for the treated effluent to be recycled. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0618 - Bl, F3 COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS- FUL ACTION, E. W. McMunn. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airiie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 173-176. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Communication, 'Technology, Waste disposal, Pollution abate- ment, Political aspects, Education. Developing new technology is important: but knowledge is of little value until it is put to use. And it will never be used unless it reaches the minds of those who need to know. We spend rela- 272 image: ------- lively little time studying how to communicate in an effective manner. Nun-farm people are increas- ingly calling the tune where our vital interests are concerned, due to population shifts. These people no longer understand agriculture and many 'couldn't care less. Our job is to huild understand- ing with non-farm people. Since the whole store of knowledge is incomprehensible, we must choose a few basic ideas and concentrate on these. Questions we must decide include, (I) What, really, is the message we wish to tell. (2) Why do we want to tell it. (3) Who do we want to reach. (4) Who should do the telling. (5) What 'vehicles' must be employed to transport our message. Something similar to a task force needs to make these decisions where people with a common in- terest unite to tell a story. This task force must represent a wide range of interests, be aware of human nature in planning communication strategy, plan communications programs on the basis of meaning to the people we're trying to reach, have a relevant message and then deliver it in terms the audience will understand. Certainly, the most im- portant single clement must be a communications plan. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0619 - F4 REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING GROUPS. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30. 1971. The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 179-185. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Administrative agen- cies, 'Government supports. Economic feasibili- ty. Pollution abatement. Identifiers: Extension Service. Six different subject categories were discussed by various working groups of the National Symposi- um on Animal Waste Management. Recommenda- tions have been made for each subject category and are as follows: (1) Information Programs - A national agricultural-related pollution problem in- ventory should be funded and carried out through existing agencies; create a national data inventory bank on waste management research; establish a task force to develop a system for providing animal waste management information to farmers and to the public. (2) Education and Training Pro- gram - The Extension Service should receive addi- tional resources and be more concerned with public affairs; formal education should be emphasized both in the private sector and in government agencies. (3) Technical Assistance - An advisory committee with some legal status should be established to advise legislators; livestock and poultry producers should form a common group to represent their interests. (4) Financial Assistance - Tax credits should be al- lowed for pollution abatement measures; reloca- tion assistance should be available; cost-share pro- grams should be expanded. (5) Research and Development - On-farm field research should be increased and supported financially. (6) Legisla- tion and Regulation - Flexibility should be main- tained; An ad hoc animal waste coordinating com- mittee should be appointed in each state to im- prove cooperation among all groups and develop well-defined goals. (Schmitt- Iowa State) 0620 - F3 RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FEDERATION. In: Animal Waste Management: Proceedings of 'National Symposium on Animal Waste Manage- ment, September 28-30, 1971, The Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, p 187-188. Descriptors: ''Farm wastes, * Administrative agen- cies, 'Government supports, Pollution abatement, Was'te disposal, 'Milk, 'Dairy industry. Identifiers: 'Rural Environmental Assistance Pro- gram. The regulation of individual livestock operations should be based on individual adherence to re- gional waste management guidelines. Regional guidelines should serve as national standards to be enforced at the state level through an appropriate state certification program. The development of regional guidelines should be predicated on the principle that an overall conservation plan is es- sential for the individual farm or ranch enterprise embarking on a pollution prevention program. It is essential that animal waste management guidelines become a part of a systematic approach to develop an overall conservation plan because of the inter- relationship of waste utilization, recycling, or disposal, with overall farm operations, available soils and appropriate vegetation. Each waste management system must be tailored to the needs of individual owners or operators within the capa- bility of soils and plant cover at the site. A contract arrangement between USDA and individuals is most effective in assisting farmers to comply with regional guidelines. An additional $200 million per year over current REAP funding should be ap- propriated for expenses of a program of research, financial and technical assistance to agricultural waste and pollution producing enterprises. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0621 - D2, E3, Fl POULTRY POLLUTION: RESEARCH RESULTS, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Agricultural Experiment Station. C. C. Sheppard. Research Report 152 Farm Science, C.C. Shep- pard, editor. 64 p. November, 1971. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. *Odor, 'Poultry, Nutrients. Diets. Fertilizer. 'Waste disposal. Analysis. Identifiers: 'Dried Poultry waste, Air ventilation, Supplemental protein. Feed efficiency. The drying and feeding of poultry waste was reviewed as to the economic value, nutrient value, and the effects on animals fed dried poultry manure. The topics include: (1) economics of dried poultry waste as a feed ingredient or a fertilizer, (2) feeding dehydrated poultry waste to dairy cows, (3) the relationship of drying temperature to total crude protein in dried poultry waste. (4) dry- ing of poultry manure in a cage-layer house, (5) dried poultry waste as a protein source for feedtot cattle. (6) the metabolizeable energy value of dried poultry waste, and (7) the effects of continually recycling dehydrated poultry waste on the per- formance of SCWL laying hens. A table presents results of analyses of samples of dried poultry waste. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0622 - C3, C5, E3 EARLY EXPERIMENTS AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY INVOLVING THE USE OF CHICKEN MANURE, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. H.C.Zindel. In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report 152 Farm Science. November 1971. p 2-3. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Nutrients, Antibiotics, Diets, 'Waste disposal. Identifiers: Fresh chicken droppings, Oven dried. The original poultry science research at Michigan State University involving the use of poultry excreta as a feed ingredient was performed in 1954. Drs. David Libby and P. J. Schaible used poultry manure in research involving antibiotics. They reported that under clean battery conditions no response was obtained from the drug in the feed. However, when contaminated manure was in the ration, the furazotidone exhibited a pronounced growth response. In 1959. W. K. Warden and P. J. Schaible conducted a series of experiments in which fresh chick droppings were fed to chicks daily in the presence and absence of antibiotics. When fecal matter was fed to chicks growth rate was depressed below that of the con- trols, but this depression was not statistically sig- nificant In 1961, J. D. Yates reported that fresh hen feces added to the feed of chicks and poults depressed growth, except in some groups which received a high level of antibiotics. Heated (100 Deg Q fresh ben feces improved the growth rate of chicks which received no antibiotics and turkey poults which received Virgeniamycin in the ration. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0623 - E3. Fl ECONOMICS OF DRIED POULTRY WASTE (DPW) AS A FEED INGREDIENT OR A FER- TILIZER, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. H. C. Zindel, and C. J. Flegal. In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report 152Farm Science. November, 1971. p4-7. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, Drying, Poultry, Fertilizer, 'Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Hens, Tractor and spreader, Dried poultry waste. Recycling. Several laying hen trials have been conducted using dried poultry waste (DPW) in the diet. If 12.5% or 25% DPW of the total ration were sub- stituted for the same amount of corn on a pound for pound basis, basing the cost of corn at $60 per ton and DPW at $20 per ton, a direct saving of either $5.00 or $10.00 per ton can be realized. respectively. Translating this into savings per dozen eggs, a one cent per dozen eggs savings would be accomplished for 12.5% DPW and a two cents per dozen eggs savings on 25% DPW. Manure disposal via the conventional method of spreading on crop land versus that of drying pro- vides some interesting facts and figures. A flock of 100,000 layers provides 4,563 tons of manure per year (at the rate of .25 Ib./bird/day) or 12.5 tons daily. If one assumed it takes 2 days or 16 hr. to clean the house (s) each month (4 week period) and deliver the wet manure to the field for spreading with a tractor and spreader, or deliver to a dryer site for processing, the following facts apply: wet manure value for fertilizer: $2.39 ton; cost of spreading wet manure: $11.96 tons. Difference of $9.57 /ton is the loss to spread on the land. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0624 - E3 FEEDING DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE TO DAIRY COWS, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of Dairy Science. J. W. Thomas, and H. C. Zindel. In: Poolty Pollution: Research Results, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report 152 Farm Science, November, 1971. p 8-11,2 tab. 4ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes. 'Poultry, Cattle, Dry- rag, Amino acids. Nitrogen, Protein, 'Waste disposal. Identifiers: Laying hens. Dairy cattle. Dehydrated poultry waste. Milk quality. Investigators have found that several classes of livestock could derive energy and nitrogen from various animal manures. The digestive system of the ruminant can convert various non-protein- nitrogen sources into amino acids that are useful to the animal. Of the nitrogen in poultry manure, 25 to 75% may be in various non-protein-nitrogen forms. This non-protein-nitrogen in poultry 273 image: ------- manure may ilowly hydrolyze in the rumen and form a very good lource of N (or ruminants. Dehydrated caged layer feces was fed to milking dairy cows to determine if it could serve as a nitrogen energy lource. Consumption of the grain mixture containing 30% dehydrated poultry waste (DPW) was as great as that of cows fed normal grain mixtures after the cows became accustomed to the material The flavor of the mflk from DPW fed cows was scored normal Dehydrated caged layer feces was successfully used to furnish a por- tion of the dietary protein and energy in the diet of milking cows. Thus, products similar to that used here could replace 15 to 20% of the dietary protein of ruminants. (Bundy-Iowa state) kwh costs between 1.3 to 2.0 cents). Removing ad- ditional water from the droppings during winter months may not be worth the cost, unless the un- desirable threshold is imminent and dwellings are near by. During hot weather conditions, removing part of the fecal matter moisture immediately after depositcould be critical in controlling odors. High temperatures accelerate odor production; and hot weather vaporization with energized panels could be much more efficient in utilizing electrical heat (Bundy-Iowa State) 0625- C3. D2 THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRYING TEMPERA- TURK TO TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN IN DRIED POULTRY WASTE, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. C. Sheppard, C. I. Plegal, D. Dora, and J. L. Dale. In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Report 132 Farm Science, November, 1971. p 12-16. 1 fig, 2 tab, 3 ret. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Drying, Protein, Poultry, Feces, 'Waste disposal. Identifiers: Dried poultry waste. Commercial dryer. Benne from Michigan State University reported laboratory analysis of 77 samples of poultry feces. Fourteen of these were analyzed as a wet product (as received from a poultry house) and 63 had been dried in a commercial dryer, prior to the analysis. The extreme variations in total protein on a dry weight basis of the wet and dried samples are given. The relationship between the temperature at which the feces was dried and the resulting total protein content of the dried poultry waste was in- vestigated. The regression analysis of the data shows there tends to be an invent relationship between the heat and the resulting total protein. The correlation of drying temperature to the resulting total protein approaches significance. The calculated coefficient was -0.284; -0.288 would indicate significance at the P - .05 level. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0626 - AS, A6, Bl, D2 DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE IN A CAGE- -LAYER HOUSE, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, Dept of Agricultural Engineering. M. L.Eimay, and C. C. Sheppard. In: Poultry Pollution: Research Results, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station/Research Report 132 Farm Science, November, 1971. p 17-27, 2 fig, 3 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, •Poultry, *D- rylng, Environment, Air pollution, 'watte disposal. Identifiers: Partial drying, Cage-laying house, Air ventilation. Odor control is Important for today's poultry en- terprises. Partial drying of the poultry excreta within a fiw hours after deposit it one way to minimize odor production and thus air pollution. This Investigation dealt with the meant and related economics of partially drying fecal matter la the poultry house with supplemental electrical energy. Over 2000 Btu of electrical energy were required to evaporate each additional pound of water from ulated over 0627 - E3 DRIED POULTRY WASTE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR FEEDLOT CATTLE. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of Animal Husbandry. H. F. Bucholtz. H. E. Henderson. C. J. Flegal, and H.C.Zindel. In: Poultry Pollution: Research Reaults, m«-»i image: ------- Detcripton: *F«rm wastet, 'Poultry, •Odor, •Oaiet, Ammonia, Hydrogen tulfide, Ou chro- matography, Carbon dioxide, Moisture content. Organic compound!, * Air pollution. Identificn: 'Paniculate matter, Soil column*, Odor panel, Soil filtration, 'Odor control. The technological changes which have taken place in livestock production in the latt few yean to pro- vide economical meat, eggs, and mflk have resulted in the concentration of animalt under con- dition* of high deniity for greater efficiency. Thlt change of management practice hu created problemi in both waite ditpoul and the control of odon from theie waiter These odon are particu- larly obnoxioui when either the animal enterprise or the land for disposal of manure U adjacent to urban or retort developments. Results of a two year research project dealing with the detection and control of air pollution from high density poultry management systems are summarized. It covers such subjects as the determination of the chemical nature of the odor of poultry manure; the quantitative determination of odon and gases from poultry manure; the role of paniculate matter in air pollution; and odor control methods such as soil filtration, water scrubbing, and chemical treat- ment. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0632 - AS, C3 THE QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR QUALITY OF CHICKEN MANURE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept of Food Science. W. E. Burnett. In: Odors, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re- late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York Sute Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources, Ithaca. New York, p 2-17, April 15,1969.6 fig. 2 tab, 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Poultry, Oat chromatography, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide. Organic compounds, 'Air pollution. Identifiers: Odor panel, Organoleptic techniques, Liquid poultry manure. Odorous organic com- pounds. A combination of gas chromatographic and or- ganoleptic techniques was used to determine the chemical compound* responsible for the offensive odor of accumulated liquid poultry manure. In ad- dition to the odorous gate*, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, • number of odorous organic compound* were identified, including the C2 to C3 organic acid*, indole, tkatole, dUcetonm, mercap* tans, and sulfides. Of these, organoleptic tests In- dicate that the organic acid*, mercaptana, and sul- fides were Important malodorous components. Skatole was also Implicated at an important malodorous component, due to its characteristic strong, fecal odor. Amines evidently play an Im- portant role In the odor as well. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0633 - AS, B1.C3 THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ODOR STRENGTH OF CHICKEN MANURE Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.T.Sobel, and W.E. Burnett. In: Odors, Oases snd Paniculate Matter from High Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re- late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York Sute Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources, Ithaca. New York, p 18-39, April 15,1969. 3 fig, 3 tab, 12ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, Waste dilu. tion, Poultry, Ammonia, Moisture content, *Alr pollution. Identifiers: 'Vapor dilution, 'Liquid dilution, Manure strength, Cage-laying hens, Olfactory threthold test, Fresh manure. Strength is a characteristic of an odor that can be measured. In contrast to characteristics such as quality and occurrence which rely only on in- dividual opinion, strength allows associating a number with an odor. The method of liquid dilu- tion and the method of vapor dilution have been investigated. Odor strength of animal manures can be measured on a laboratory basis by the liquid dilution and the vapor dilution methods. The vapor dilution method looks at the odors arising from the manure while the liquid dilution method is con- cerned with the odors in the manure or the odor potential of the manure. Odor wa* found to have a higher strength from mixed manure than from un- mixed manure. Odon arising from diluted or 'liquid* manure have an odor strength comparable with the odon arising from undiluted manure, However, the quality of the odor from 'liquid' manure is very offensive compared with the am- monia-like odor from undiluted manure. Reduc- tion in the moisture content of manure reduces the odor strength and the odor offsnslvenesi, The odor strength for fresh manure by liquid dilution is a dilution of the order 1000, This value can in- crease to as high as 35,000 depending on condi- tion!. Odor strength measurements by vapor dilu- tion are only valuable for comparison purposes, since odor production flow rates are unknown values. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0634 - A6.C3 ANALYSES OF GASES ENCOUNTERED IN A COMMERCIAL POULTRY HOUSE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science. W. E. Burnett, In: Odon, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re- late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York Sute Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resource*, Ithaca, New York, p 40-46, April 15,1969.1 tab, 30ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, "Poultry. Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Organic com- pounds. Odor, Air pollution, Sufur dioxide, Hu- midity, Temperature, * Air pollution. Identifier!: Chemical detection. Little is known about the concentration pf gases in poultry houses. Past research has centered mainly on the ammonia and carbon dioxide level* in poultry confinement housing. Ammonia concen- trations as high a* 100 ppm have been found hi tome commercial poultry houses under the condi- tions of reduced ventilation and reuse of litter. Some facton which are believed to affect the con- centration of gases in poultry buildings are tem- perature, humidity, ventilation, bird population and the manure management syitem, as well at frequency of waste removal. A number of existing techniquei for the measurement of industrial air pollution are applicable to the analysis of gates en- countered in commercial poultry houses. The wet chemical (absorption) method of gas detection was used to determine the concentrations of aliphatic aldehydes, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and ammonia in a commercial poultry house with fluid waste handling. The average gas concentrations in ppm were 0.032.6.98,0.0036, and 1.13 for aliphatic aldehydes, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia respectively. None of the gas concentra- tion! were above the maximum allowable concen- tration (MAC) for humans, but the level of H2S was well above itt odor threthold of 0.13 ppm. As the concentrations of gases showed considerable variation from sampling to sampling, more work is needed to correlate gas concentrations with such f acton at temperature, ventilation rate and manure management system. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0635 - AS, A6, C3 CASES AND ODORS FROM UNDILUTED AND DILUTED CHICKEN MANURE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. D. C. Ludington. A. T. Sobel, and A. O. Hashimoto. In: Odon, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High Density Poultry Management Systems as They Rw- late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources, Ithaca, New York, p 47-«4, April 15,1969.10 fig, S ref. Detcripton: Farm watte*, Poultry, Odor, Carbon dioxide. Methane, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Waste dilution, 'Air pollution. Identifier!: Odor strength. The odon and gases produced by and released from chicken manure stored and handled in the un- diluted and diluted state have been observed to be considerably different. This difference was most obvious when the stored manure was being moved or agitated. More csset of air pollution attributed to egg producing poultry farms have been reported lince the diluted system of storage and handling was put into practice. The release of some of the gates and odon from stored chicken manure under the undiluted and diluted state was in- vestigated. Significant differences occurred between the odor and gas production and release by undiluted and diluted chicken manure. Carbon dioxide release from the undiluted manure was slightly greater than the release from diluted manure. The difference may not be significant The undiluted system released significantly greater quantities of NH3 than the diluted syitem. Chicken manure stored in a diluted state produced significantly more H2S and NH3 than manure stored in an undiluted state. The release of H2S from the diluted system wat about twice that released from the undiluted manure. Both release! were well below threshold. The odor released from the diluted manure, while the manure was quiescent, was in general, more obnoxious than that from the undiluted manure. When the manure was agitated at the end of the tests, the difference wat much more pronounced. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0636 - AS, A6, C3 PARTICULATB MATTER, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science. W.E. Burnett In: Odon, Oases and Paniculate Matter from High Density Poultry Management Systems as they Re- late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources, Ithaca, New York, p 65-70. April 15, 1969.1 tab, 10 ref. Descripton: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Poultry, Gas chromatography, Circulation, • Air pollution, Identifiers: Odor panel, 'Paniculate matter, Filter pads, Poultry dust. Modern -commercial high density poultry houses contain high concentration* of airborne paniculate matter. Concentration* as high as 1.16 mg per cubic foot of air have been reported. Regarding quantities of particulate* produced, amounts at high a* 1 Ib/day/1000 bird* have been reported. The particulate matter consists of fecal matter, feed, feathers, and epidermal fragment*, litter, and dust brought into the poultry house by the ventilation system. Particulate matter collected by high volume samplings of a commercial poultry house atmosphere revealed that the paniculate* carried a 'chicken houte* odor, Oat chromato- graphic analyses of the volatiles carried by the par- ticulatet revealed the presence of individually odoriferous compounds. Large quantities of par- 275 image: ------- ticulate matter are probably expelled from poultry houses by ventilation fans. Whether paniculate matter plays a significant role in ambient odors from poultry houses should be investigated further since the particulates represent a retentive source of odors. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0637 - A5, C3, D2 SOIL FILTRATION TO REMOVE ODORS, Cornell Univ.. Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Science. W. E. Burnett, and N. C. Dondero. In: Odors, Gases and Paniculate Matter from High Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re- late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources, Ithaca, New York, p 7146, April 15.1969.3 fig. 8 tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, Organic com- pounds, Poultry, Soil, Ammonia, Hydrogen sul- fide, Filtration, 'Waste treatment, * Air pollution. Identifiers: 'Soil filtration. Sou* columns. Liquid dilution method. Odor panel, 'Odor control. Modern, high-density poultry operations in which there are accumulations of manure cause nuisances in populated areas because of the foul odors discharged to the atmosphere by forced ven- tilation. The feasibility of removing poultry odors from ventilation air by soil filtration was in- vestigated. The soil column effectively removed manure odors. Odors were removed by only 6 inches of soil under the conditions of test. The ability of the soO to remove ammonia decreased markedly as the soil dried. Soil columns remove ammonia as long as the soil remains moist. Am- monia breaks through those columns when dry. The manured sofl removed more ammonia than the untreated soil. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0638 - AS, Bl, Dl, D3, El ODOR CONTROLS BY CHEMICAL TREAT' MENT, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Food Sciences. W. E. Burnett, and B. Gomel. In: Odors, Gases and Particulate Matter from High Density Poultry Management Systems as They Re- late to Air Pollution. Final Report, New York State Dept. of Health, Division of Air Resources, Ithaca, New York, p 87-97, April 15, 1969.5 fig, 1 tab. 12 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Odor, Poultry, Am- monia, Hydrogen siutide, Carbon dioxide, "Waste treatment, *Air pollution. Identifiers: 'Chemical treatment, Mechanical con- trol, "Odor control. The various methods of odor control include elimination by mechanical, physical, or chemical means, and modification, usually by chemical means. Chemical means was reviewed in an at- tempt to eliminate or modify poultry manure odors. The emphasis is on abatement of odor from liquid management systems. Offensive manure odors can be effectively masked by the use of an effective masking agent dispersed in Mosquito Larvae Oil in liquid poultry manure pits. Mosquito Larvae Ofl appears to do an effective job in dispersing the masking agent over the surface of th<» ijqujd manure* Applications of S ml and 10 ml of maldng agent to the tanks of liquid manure were considered to be impractical because of the rela- tively short time these additions were effective in m..iring the odors, especially after the proportion of manure solid* increased in the water. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0639 - A4, B2, C5. E2 USING SOIL FILTRATION TO REDUCE POL- LUTION POTENTIAL OF LAGOON EFFLUENT ENTERING GROUND WATER SYSTEM, Iowa State Univ., Ames. C. E. Beer, and J. K. Koelliker. Iowa State Water Resources Research Institute, Ames, Completion Report ISW- RRI-41, August, 1971. 32 p, 4 fig, 2 tab, 23 ref. OWRRA-021-IAO). Descriptors: 'Irrigation efficiency, 'Denitrifica- tion, 'Nitrogen, 'Farm wastes. Chemical oxygen demand, 'Nitrates, Ammonia, * Lagoons, Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal. Anaerobic conditions, •Waste water treatment, Application, 'Effluents, Iowa, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical ox- ygen demand, 'Phosphorous, Organic matter, 'Fil- tration, Infiltration, 'Soil profiles. Sprinkling. Identifiers: 'Soil filtration. Swine lagoon effluent was applied to soil for final treatment. The active soil profile appears to offer great potential as a final treatment media for partly treated animal wastes and cattle feedlot runoff. Ef- fluent sprinkled on a grass-covered soil profile reduced COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus concen- trations 79-95, 40-80, 95-99 percent, respectively over a 3-year period. Loadings ranged from 13.9 to 48.1 in. of lagoon effluent per May-October season. Removal of COD was attributed to biologi- cal activity and physical filtration in the upper inches of the soil. Phosphorus reduction resulted from chemical activity of the clay fraction near the soil surface. Nitrogen reduction was attributed primarily to denitrification deeper in the soil profile. The organic matter in the soil served as the carbon source for denitrification rather than the lagoon effluent. Organic matter content of the lower region of the soil profile was reduced and nitrogen removal by denitrification decreased. For disposal fields that are operated primarily for BOD removal, about 24 in. per year can be applied in most areas of Iowa. In areas where nitrate concen- tration in the percolate is of concern, applications should be limited to 600 Ib/acre of nitrogen per season. 0640 - A2, A4, F2, F3 HANDLING LIVESTOCK WASTE, North Dakota State Univ.. Fargo. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering and Animal Science. G. L. Pratt. D. W. Johnson, and M. L. Buchanan. North Dakota Farm Research, North Dakota State University Reports on Environmental Quality, Vol 4. No 28, p 22-24. March-April. 1971.1 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Treatment. 'Water quality control. Oxidation lagoons, Aeration, Disposal, Drying, Farm lagoons. Filtration, De- watering, Separation techniques. Waste storage. Confinement pens, Settling basins. Runoff. Identifiers: 'Groundwater pollution, Feedlots, SUtted floors. Congress has been developing legislation since 1948 to prevent water pollution. The Federal Water Quality Act of 1965 was the culmination of this development. The act provided that states could set water quality standards and administer them. In 1967 the North Dakota legislature adopted a comprehensive water pollution control act These acts have necessitated research on managing and disposing of livestock wastes. The major phases of manure handling are collection, storage, treatment, and disposal. Various methods .of collection1, storage, treatment, and disposal an listed with then- relative advantages and disad- vantages. However, spreading on cropland has been the standard method to dispose of livestock manure for a long time. Research to date indicated that it is still the most practical method for preventing pollution. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0641 - A3, C4 BACTERIAL COUNTS OF A SECTION OF THE RED RIVER - SUMMER, 1970, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept. of Bac- teriology. M. C. Bromel. North Dakota Farm Research, North Dakota University Reports on Environmental Quality Vol 4, No 28, p 60-61. March-April, 1971. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Conforms, •Waste dilution, North Dakota, Cultures, Oxygen demand, Treatment facilities, Salmonella, Clos- tridium, ShigeUa, Fishkill. Identifiers: 'Red River, Bacteriological analyses, Coliform count. Numerous surveys by state and federal agencies from 1935-1969 indicate that the Red River has become progressively more polluted as the mu- nicipal and industrial population along its banks in- crease. During the summer of 1970, from June 8 through July 28 an intensive biological and bac- teriological survey of the Red River was un- dertaken. Surface and bottom water samples were collected from a boat with a Van Dorn water sam- pler. Biological and chemical analysis on each sample included the following determinations: dis- solved oxygen, pollution, number of animals sen- sitive to pollution, and total suspended solids. The bacterial counts, especially the coliform counts, were far over the 5,000/100 ml allowable by North Dakota and Minnesota standards for potable or recreational water. There was consistently present a high concentration of bacteria in the Red River at the Fargo intake averaging 500,000 bacteria per milliliter of water. The dissolved oxygen level at several sites was below the two-state standard (5 ppm) minimum. The presence of ShigeUa dysen- teriae in the Wild Rice River when the coliform count was very low (500/ml) is remarkable since this form of ShigeUa is very rarely found in the U.S. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0642 - F4 AGRICULTURAL WASTES: PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS. New York State Coll. of Agriculture, Ithaca. Cornell University Conference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971 Syracuse, New York. 172 p. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Water quality control, Pesticides. Eutrophication, Liquid waste, Surface runoff, Dehydration, "Waste water treatment, Ox- idation lagoons, Incineration. Identifiers: Composting, Land spreading. The purpose of this 1971 Conference was to take the knowledge obtained from research and field experience and convert this knowledge into infor- mation which can be used to solve the problems in agricultural waste management. Another benefit of this proceedings may be. to point out areas where the information is weak or missing. This could be helpful in planning more appropriate research in the future. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0643 - A3, F3 AGRICULTURES RESPONSIBILITIES IN A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT, New York State Dept. of Environmental Conser- vation, "Albany. R.W.Pederson. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12.1971. Syracuse, New York, p 1-5. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollution abatement, 'Pesticides, 'Water law ecosystems, Contami- nants, Water quality control. Agriculture's responsibilities in the all-out effon to achieve and maintain a clean environment are to recognize and understand its relationahips to other 276 image: ------- facets of the economy, to seek still greater knowledge on the 'hows' of waste management, and to apply the principles and guidelines that lead to practical solutions. Agriculture is an interlocked part of our society and culture, and our environ- mental problems are becoming more severe very rapidly. The new New York Department of En- vironmental Conservation has set goals of achiev- ing greater effectiveness in correcting yesterday's costly mistakes, and of preventing the future degradation of our environment. Effective steps in pollution prevention mean a substantial commit- ment of manpower and financial resources, in- dividual and corporate investments that aren't im- mediately profitable, new attitudes, and environ- mental conscience, and more government con- trols. The Department of Environmental Conser- vation's activities can affect land use by pesticide controls, by water supply and sewage controls for new subdivisions, controls over stream alteration, and controls over industrial plant location through permit issuance for water discharges and licensing of new air emissions. The total ecological system is very delicately interwoven and such things as the domino effect of DDT poisoning can be a very real threat to our ecology. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0644 - A3, F3 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND PRODUC- TfvrrY Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Water Quality Office, J. D. Denit. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 6- 11,2 tab, 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water quality con- trol, 'Surface runoff. Lagoons, Eutrophicalion, Water pollution sources, Water law. World needs demand expansion of the already im- mense American livestock industry. The problem which now confronts the industry is the adverse impact of production wastts on the environment, particularly water quality. Due to the fragmented nature of earlier studies, a definite pattern of animal waste pollution has emerged only in the last two years. Fish kills from feedlot-runoff in Kansas in 1964 was an indicator of the twenty-four kills in twelve states in 1969. The combination of produc- tion oriented and traditional zero-cost, waste management philosophies is now leading to severe pollution problems. Anaerobic lagoons are designed on raw waste strength instead of runoff quality. Farmers have not been informed of state Water Quality Standards or their responsibility in meeting them. Even though organic waste loads from lagoons are higher than raw domestic wastes, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are of greater significance, because no industry is more dependent upon a pure water supply than agriculture. In conserving water quality, the agricultural operator is engaging in notable self- service and making an investment in survival. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0645 - A3, A7, F4 PESTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL IN THE FU- TURE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Entomology. D. Pimentel. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, Kebruary 10-12, 1971, Syracuse. New York, p 12- 14,1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pesticides, 'Agricul- tural chemicals, 'Pest control, Ecosystems, Water quality control. Regulation. One billion pounds of pesticides were applied in the U.S. during 1970. Seventy percent was for farm use and the remaining for public and govern- mental use. Ninety-nine percent of the 200,000 species of plants and animals were non-target spe- cies, but many of these were affected. The En- vironmental Protection Agency has taken over the responsibility of pesticide regulation from the Dept. of Agriculture, In 1965, the overall return for every dollar invested in insect control with pesti- cides was 4 to 5 dollars, while the return per dollar invested in bioenvironmental control was 30 dol- lars. Development research in bioenvironmental control is slow, tedious, and costly. Prescription use of pesticides could have the advantages of ex- pert advice, rapid distribution of new information from government agencies, more accurate control of the amounts used, and the establishment of a precautionary public attitude. Some pesticides would be banned and some applied only by state- licensed custom sprayers. Aware of the insidious destruction by pollution, the aim would be to keep the advantage of technology, but reduce the as- sociated environmental hazards. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0646 - A3, C3 FARM LAND RUNOFF, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Natural Resources. R.T.Oglesby. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 13- 19, Href. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Runoff, 'Nitrogen compounds, 'Phosphorus compounds. Fertilizers, Water quality, Eutrophication, Soil erosion, Water pollution sources. Agricultural wastes and many materials in agricul- tural usage are translocated to Aquatic systems where some of them cause significant problems. Nitrogen, applied as fertilizer or from manures, leaks, from agricultural activities in quantities suf- ficient to promote nuisance algal growth in receiv- ing waters where this element is a limiting factor, and many, through accumulation in groundwaters, constitute a health hazard as well. Large quantities of phosphorous are lost in runoff, primarily through erosion of soil-phosphorus, particles. The significance of this form of phosphorus in stimu- lating algal growth is nor fully understood but ii probably not high. Organically bound phosphorus. such as that occurring in animal wastes, may add significant, amount* of this element in a form available to plants. (Schmitt-IowaState) 0647 - C5, F5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Agricultural Experi- ment Station. D. L. Downing. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,1971. p 20-24,6 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm > wastes, "Water pollution sources, 'Liquid wastes, Waste water disposal. Industrial wastes, Air pollution. The food processing industry ranks fifth in the U.S. in the volume of liquid wastes generated, producing about 700 billion gallons annually. This waste contains a high amount of suspended solids of which only part is settleable; therefore, the na- tional food industry ranks first in the amount of suspended solids released to the environment. The BOD5 of food-plant effluent it normally several thousand ppm compared with a few hundred for typical municipal sewage. The pH of food processing wastes range from below 5.0 for sulphur dioxide bleaching processes to about 12.0 for lye peeling of vegetables. Pigments in cannery wastes are very difficult to degrade, often persist- ing after passing through a municipal treatment plant. Olive, pickle and sauerkraut brine range up to 15% in sodium chloride content. Unlike some industries where waste products can be utilized, most solid wastes from canneries have to be hauled to land-fill type operations. Transmission of plant pathogens is a major reason wastes are not normally spread on the cropland. Adding to the waste problem is the fact that the food industry uses about 50% of all package utilization. Air pol- lution and noise pollution are still other problems it will take much ingenuity to solve. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0648 - A3, Bl, F5 FERTILIZER PRACTICES WHICH MINIMIZE NUTRIENT LOSS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agronomy. D. J. Lathwell, W. S. Reid, and D. R. Bouldin. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management. February 10-12, Syracuse, New York, p 25-35, 6 fig, 2 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, "Fertilization, "Nutrient requirements, Water pollution sources. Crop response, Rates of application, Soil erosion. Water is the transport agent for nutrients, organic matter, and sediments from agricultural land. The major now of runoff occurs in the spring when ac- cumulated snow and ice melt. Experimental data demonstrate that the major quantity of nutrient loss occurs.during the spring runoff penod. The major form of inorganic nitrogen in the soil is usually nitrate, even if ammonium fertilizers are added becuase of the universal occurrence in soil of microorganisms which convert ammonium to nitrate. The nitrate ion is completely dissolved in the toil solution and moves wherever the soil water moves. The nitrate may be leached into the groundwater, into tile drains or into surface ru- noff. To avoid these losses, moderate amounts of fertilizer nitrogen should be added just before the crop begins its period of minimum growth. It the fertilizer is added too soon, some or most of it may be carried off before the plant can take up the nitrogen. Phosphorus fertilizer reacts rapidly with the soil to form relatively insoluble products. The major source of phosphorus loss from agricultural land is associated with sediment loss. Therefore, control of erosion is essential if phosphorus is to be kept on agricultural land. All of the control measures outlined above are economically feasi- ble. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0649 - A3, Bl, E2 LAND DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RELATION TO WATER QUALITY, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Soil Science. S, D. Klausner, P. J. Zwerman. and T. W. Scott. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971. Syracuse, New York, p 36- 46,8 tab. 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Surface runoff, "Fertilization, Soil erosion. Water pollution, Eutrophication, "Waste disposal, Waste water treatment, 'Nutrients. Disposal on land is the most practical final place- ment for farm manure, as it is a source of pUnt nutruent and organic matter. Nitrogen in manure is very mobile in a soluble form. Phosphorus becomes 'fixed' and is removed largely by the 277 image: ------- physical removal of soil, organic matter, or manure by surface erosion. Vegetation acting as a sink for incoming nutrients as well as a control of erosion are necessary for control of nutrient removal. Incorporating the manure with the soil shortly after spreading is an important considera- tion as immobilization of nutrients increases and odor and fly problems decrease. Winter spreading causes numerous problems. Frozen soil is impervi- ous to water and subject to runoff during thaws. Spring applications of manure can pose a threat to water quality if improperly managed. Late in the spring, surface and subsurface flows of water are no longer at maximum levels, thus decreasing the pollution potential. Concrete evidence as to the maximum rates of manure that can be applied without causing a polltuion hazard under most soil and weather conditions is non-existent. Continuing research hopefully can answer unsolved problems of economic means of handling animal wastes. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0650 - Bl GUIDELINES FOR MINIMIZING PESTICIDE POLLUTION, Cornell Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Chemical-Pesticide Program. R. F. Pendleton, and 3. E. Dewey. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 47- 51. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Pesticides, 'Pesticide drift, Pesticide toxicity, Water quality control, Phytoloxicity. The worst aspects of pesticides are usually the most newsworthy. In order to retain the necessary use of pesticides it is imperative to use all possible means to minimize or prevent their becoming pol- lutants. Pesticides when properly used are tools. When they move off target or are otherwise mis- used they become pollutants. They become par- ticularly important as pollutants when they move into water and cause either immediate toxicity to organisms present, or, more seriously, are of a persistent and accumulative nature and move into the food chain. Many factors contribute to pesti- cide drift; some physical, some climatic. The smaller the droplet and the greater the wind, the greater the drift. The choice of pesticides in- fluence drift damage from toxicity, phytotoxicity, illegal residues, and volatilization. Choosing the right machinery for a particular job is most impor- tant. In most cases a short-lived, biologically degradable, non-cumulative compound may be substituted for an environmentally dangerous compound. Poor operational procedures and mis- uses are probably the greatest contribution to pesticide pollution, which can be greatly reduced • through education programs involving pesticide applicator safety and known principles of conser- vation. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0651 - Bl ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. E. Ostrander. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 52- 53. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration, 'Waste water treatment, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion. Domestic wastes. The poultry industry in England, Scotland, and Holland is quite different from that in the United States. There are many smaller operations in the 1,000 to 5,000 bird range, they have less mechanization, and they look at quality dif- ferently. However, one of the world's largest poultry operations is located near Nottingham, England and produces 60,000,000 broilers a year in addition to maintaining 3,500,000 laying hens. There is much interest in the United Kingdom in dehydration of manure. This is probably due to the fact that they can include dehydrated poultry manure in commercial feed formulations. The United Kingdom is very concerned about water pollution as they depend on rivers for water supply and do not want polluted effluent dumped into them. Holland appeared to be putting fairly potent effluent into drainage ditches. They have tried natural lagoons, but low temperatures and lack of sunshine prevented proper operation. Some are converting to aerated lagoons. Other methods being tried include the Floe-tower system, cen- trifuging, anaerobic digesting, and aeration in ox- idation ditches. They are concentrating livestock, and waste problems are becoming more acute. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0652 - D4 LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT I. FUNDAMEN- TALS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R.C. Loehr. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solution, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 54- 62,1 fig, 1 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment, •Anaerobic digestion. Pollution abatement, 'Waste water treatment. Controlled and uncontrolled biological systems are the major systems used to treat organic wastes. The systems can treat liquid or solid wastes, can be aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative, and can be within controlled structures or unconfined on the land. In biological systems microorganisms utilize the biodegradable wastes for food. Synthesis or 'growth is affected by the ability of the microorgan- isms to metabolize the wastes, the temperature and pH of the system, and the presence of adequate nutrients, trace elements, and toxic materials. It is not possible to have a system in which there is no net accumulation of solids with time due to nonbiodegradable material. Bacteria are the most important group of microorganisms followed by fungi, whin re non-photosynthetic multicellular plants. Algae are photosynthetic au- totrophs, utilizing sunlight and inorganic com- pounds to synthesize cells. In aerobic treatment carbon is oxidized to mkrobial protoplasm and carbon dioxide, while in anaerobic systems some carbon is reduced only to methane. For optimum nitrification a dissolved oxygen concentration of about 2 mg/l is necessary. In general, microbial reaction rates are doubled for every 10 deg C rise in temperature of the waste system. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0653 - D4 LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT II. OXIDATION PONDS AND AERATED LAGOONS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. C. Loehr. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 63- 7l,3fig, 1 tab, 2ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoons, •Farm lagoons, 'Aeration, 'Aerobic treatment. Dissolved oxygen, 'Waste water treatment. the simplest liquid waste treatment systems cur- rently used. Bacteria and algae are the key organ- isms in an oxidation pond, with the active bacterial mass under 50 mg/l. In most oxidation ponds there are ample algal nutrients in the influent carriage water and resulting from bacterial metabolism to produce excess, oxygen from algal growth. Satisfactory performance depends on the balance between the bacteria and the algae. Oxidation ponds are organic matter generators, since alga] cells are produced. Unless algal cells are removed from the effluent of the pond prior to discharge, little reduction in the ultimate waste load will have occurred. Temperature affects the rate of metabol- ism of microorganisms; thus, the rate at which the pond can be loaded. Loading relationships should be in terms of BOD5 per surface area per day, and generally range from 20 to 50 pounds per acre per day. An aerated lagoon differs from an oxidation pond in that aerobic conditions are maintained by mechanical means, with algae generally not present. Dissolved oxygen should be maintained at 1-2 mg/l with the detention time from 1-10 days. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0654 - D4 LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT III. THE OX- IDATION DITCH, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. C. Loehr. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management February 10-12, 1971. Syracuse. New York, p 72 2 fig, I tab, Iref. v ' Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sewage treatment, 'Aerobic treatment, Oxygen demand. Stabiliza- tion, Oxidation lagoons, 'Waste water treatment. The oxidation ditch, or Pasveer ditch, is an aerobic biological waste treatment system with a long liquid detention time and adequate mixing. The key components are a continuous open channel and a surface aeration rotor, which mixes the ditch contents and supplies oxygen. Untreated wastes can be added directly to the ditch. The effluent from agricultural wastes normally is not suitable for discharge to surface waters, but is suitable for land disposal. If sufficient oxygen is supplied, odors are negligible. BOD5 reductions of 80-90% can be obtained. Characteristics include low capital cost, ease of operation, and minimum maintenance. The total solids concentration can range up to 4-6%. Because of long detention times, the food to organism ratio is only from .03 to 0.1 Ib. BOD per Ib. MLVSS (Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids) per day. Velocities of 1.0 to 1.2 ft./iec. should be maintained to minimize settling. The depth of liquid ranges from 15 to 30 inches with rotor immersion one-fourth to one-third the liquid depth. Livestock oxidation ditch effluent must be kept in aerated holding units or disposed of in a short time to avoid anaerobic conditions and odors. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0655 - D4 ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL WASTE TREAT- MENT SYSTEMS, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Environmen- tal Engineering. A. W. Lawrence. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agriculture Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse. New York, p 79- 92,6fii.3tab,18ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Anaerobic digestion, •Methane bacteria, 'Waste water treatment, 'Farm lagoons, Pollution abatement. Oxidation ponds and aerated lagoons are among The anaerobic process, one of the major biological 278 image: ------- wattewater treatment processes, is most effective- ly applied in the treatment of concentrated wastes, such as those from animal production exceeding 1% organic solids. The anaerobic process converts organic matter to methane and carbon dioxide. The methane can be vented to the atmosphere or burned as a heat source. Microbiologically, the anaerobic process is complex with many species of microorganisms involved. However, the bac- teria can be functionally divided into two groups, acid formers and methane formers. The methane producing bacteria are extremely sensitive to en- vironmental change, A typical organic loading rate for a completely mixed tank is .2 Ib. volatile solids per day per cubic foot. Completely mixed systems are quite expensive and require extensive operator control, which makes them unattractive for agricultural purposes. The lagoon is probably the most widely used anaerobic process configuration in agricultural waste treatment at this time. Attrac- tions include low capital and operating costs and minimal operating requirements. Anaerobic processes can be designed by either the rational approach which applies to completely mixed systems or the empirical method which is used in designing lagoons. (Schmitt- Iowa State) 0656 - A9, D3 CHLORINATION OF WASTEWATER EF- Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Environmen- tal Engineering. In- Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971. Syracuse, New York, p 93- 101. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disinfection, •Chlorination, Water treatment. Public health, Waste water treatment, Diseases. Certain diseases caused by enteric pathogenic microorganisms can be transmitted from infected human and animal sources to susceptible human copulations by water supply systems, Examples include typhoid and cholera. Due to water supply and recreational use of our riven, there is a trend to require disinfection, or chlorination, of sewage 'and wastewater. Aqueous solutions of chlorine can be prepared from either dissolution of gaseous chlorine or the hypochloriie salts. Chlorine, as a strong chemical oxidizing agent, inactivates the key enzyme systems within the pathogenic microorganism. The process of chlorination is usually controlled by measurement of the chlorine residuals and is called the orthotolidine test. Pathogenic organisms are usually present in very low numbers; therefore, indicator organism used in wattewater is called the colif orm group, consist- ina of bacteria of intestinal origin of warm-blooded animals, the same origin as the pathogens. Coliformi, however, have a longer survival time in natural waters. Factor* affecting disinfection in- clude temperature, contact time, concentration, chlorine species present, pH, and type of organ- ism Cost of chlorination is on the order of one cent per thousand gallons of wastewater, with con- trol of the process being straightforward and rela- tively simple. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0657 - D2, D3, D4 SOLIDS DESTRUCTION OR SEVERE TREAT- c'onieU Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. D C. Ludington. In* Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12.1971. Syracuse, New York, p 102- 106.1 fig, 1 t«M ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste water treat- ment, 'Incineration, 'Solid wastes, Pollution abatement, Chemical degradation. Identifiers: Wet-air oxidation process. There are three basic processes which can be used to destroy solid matter or convert solid matter into liquids or gases. These three processes are (1) biological, (2) chemical, and (3) thermal. A biologi- cal process is one which utilizes bacteria to decompose or break down solid matter. These processes can only attack those solids which can be biologically degraded. Biological processes can be subdivided into two categories; aerobic which require the presence of dissolved oxygen, and anaerobic which takes place in the absnece of dis- solved oxygen and produces offensive odors as products of destruction. Total reduction for biological destruction is 30-50%. Chemical destruction of solids is a process which chemically oxidizes the solid material in an aqueous solution at high pressure and temperature and in the presence of air but without a flame. The process, also known as the wet air oxidation process, operates at temperatures about 500 deg F and pres- sures from 150 to 3000 psig and can effectively convert all the volatile solids in solid material into carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen. Thermal destruction is the rapid oxidation at temperatures 1000 to 1400 deg F, near atmospheric pressure and with a flame. Also known as incineration, this process can convert all the volatile solids to gase- ous products and heat. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0658 - D2 MOISTURE REMOVAL, Cornell Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.T.Sobel. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 107- 114,7 fig, 1 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration, 'Dry- ing, 'Absorption, Waste storage, Incineration, Waste water treatment. Removal of water from animal manures provides many advantages for manure management systems, including a reduction in offensive odor, a reduction in weight and volume, and a change in handling characteristics. The range of ideal moisture content is 10-15%, since ammonia is produced in the 75-15% range, and below 10%, the manure becomes dusty. The possible means of water removal are, <1) mechanical, (2) absorption, and (3) thermal. Mechanical removal consists of using pressure to force the water from manure. Absorption is a functional method'of moisture removal as long a sufficient absorption material and air movement is provided. Thermal means of moisture removal can be subdivided into dehydra- tion and drying. Dehydration, the removal of moisture at a temperature considerably greater than ambient, must be accomplished in complex equipment with the added cost of a fuel source. Drying, the removal of water by evaporation at a temperature slightly above ambient, is controlled by, (1) environment, (2) configuration, and (3) air movement. Thickness of manure should be 1/4 inch or less for drying with a maximum air flow of 800 fpm. Dehydration should be considered only if there is a market available for the dehydrated product, or if the cost is considered a treatment. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0659 - C5, D4 COMPOSTING, Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick. N.J. Dept. of Soils and Research. S. /. Toth, and B. Gold, In; Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 115- 120, 2 tab, 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Artificial use, 'Aero- bic conditions, 'Humus, Thermophilic bacteria, Carbon cycle, Decomposing organic matter. Identifiers: 'Composting. The production and use of artificial manures or coposts for soil improvement practices is as old as the art of agriculture. Composting can be defined as the process involving the conversion of organic residues into liqnoprotein complexes (humus) via thermophilic organisms under optimum moisture and aeration conditions. In the process, CO2 is evolved and the temperature of the pile may reach 155 to 170 deg F. Air moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are necessary in- gredients for composting. Unless sufficient moisture is present the pile will dry out and decomposition will cease. If too much moisture is present or air is excluded, anaerobic conditions are produced and obnoxious odors will result. Microorganisms require nitrogen for their growth so composts made from plant materials with less than 2% total nitrogen will require the addition of either organic or inorganic nitrogen. Small amounts of additional phosphorus and potassium may be needed, with 20 pounds of superphosphate and 10 pounds of muriate of potash usually being sufficient. Any materials containing cellulose can be composted, the only exceptions being plastics and resins with a closed ring structure. Charac- teristics of ideal compost include dark color, inor- ganic matter content of 80% or more, moisture content between 10 and 20% total nitrogen from 2.5 to 3.5%, and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Due mainly to low organic matter, garbage composting in the United States has been largely unsuccessful. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0660 - E2, E3 UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES, Agricultural Research Service, University Park, Pa. W. R. Heald, and R. C. Loehr. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse,New York.p 121-129,49ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. "Waste disposal, •Water reuse. Fertilization, Artificial use, Waste disposal. Identifiers: Recycling. Waste management can be thought of in three categories: the prevention of, the recovery of, or the disposal of wastes. Recovery, or recycling is the return of wastes to its natural state, and along with salvage, or utilization of wastes is potentially the most efficient operation. The land will con- tinue to be the ultimate disposal site for animal wastes, and is considered a recycling process when coupled with crop production. Benefits other than nutrient value include increased infiltra- tion capacity of the soil, and reduced soil erosion resulting from better plant cover. Methods of utilizing animal wastes are composting, energy or methane production and ref ceding. Composting is feasible but a market must be developed before the process is financially attractive. In general, the nutritive value derived from animal wastes incor- porated in feed rations is greater if the wastes of single stomached animals are added to the feed ra- tion of ruminants and if the ruminant wastes are treated chemically before being added to feed ra- tions. Unknowns related to transmittal of drugs, feed additives, and pesticides to the second animal and to the agricultural product, such as eggs and milk, remain to be classified. A variety of costs must be developed before the value of utilization and recycling can be determined. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 279 image: ------- 0661 - A5, Bl, C3, D3, El ODORS AND THEIR CONTROL, Cornell Univ.. Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. D. C. Ludington. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 130- 136, Ifig, ltab,12ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odor, 'Poultry, Ru- noff, Water pollution, Air pollution, Air circula- tion. Waste treatment. Identifiers: "Odor control, Soil columns, Cages, Plow-furrow-cover, Oxidation ditch. Chemical treatment. Odor control costs. The seriousness of odors produced from poultry operations have increased .with changes to the 'modern' poultry house, Sources of odors around a poultry operation includes: (a) ventilation air, (b) loading areas and outside storage tanks, and (c) the land after spreading. Controlling odors from these sources can be accomplished to varying degrees by different methods. The following list of odor control methods is an attempt to put these methods in perspective as to success of odor removal. Ranking of odor control methods for the various odor sources: (a) Ventilation air: (1) adequately aerated liquefied manure, (2) moisture removal (moisture content reduced to 30-40% w.b.), (3) frequent (daily) cleaning, (4) chemical treatment (if sufficient chemical is used, Ihis treat- ment could be higher on the list); (b) Loading area and outside storage tanks: (1) adequately aerated liquefied manure, (2) moisture removal (30-40%) (3) chemical treatment; (c) Land after spreading- (1) adequately aerated liquefied manure, (2) plow- furrow-cover or sub-surface injection, (3) moisture removal, (4) frequent cleaning and spreading (daily), (5) chemical treatment. The final decision on an odor control method must be based upon cost and the local situation. The local situa- tion depends upon nearness of neighbors or degree of odor control necessary. No matter how care- fully the method is chosen, if good management and good housekeeping are not followed, the system will fail. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0662 - Bl, F4. WASTE HANDLING ALTERNATIVES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R7W. Guest. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 137- 141,2 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Liquid wastes, Odor, Waste storage, Storage capacity. Aerobic treat- ment. Oxidation lagoons, Cattle, Poultry, Swine, •Waste water treatment, Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Semi-fluid material, Manure spreaders. Methods of handling agricultural manures are changing. The reason-primarily because the predominant form of the manure has changed. Prior to ten years ago, more or less, straw or other bedding was used which absorbed part of the moisture in the manure. Not only has the form changed, but also a drastic increase in the volume of waste material to be handled in one location has occurred. The conventional method of handling manure is with the conventional manure spreader (without modification), gutter cleaners, pit scrapers and manure bucket loaders. To be suc- cessful using the conventional method, dairy manure and poultry manure must have dry matter added, whereas swine manure can be spread without added dry matter. Semi-fluid material is of most interest because most of today's large opera- lions use this method. The solution to handling semi-fluid rests with three alternatives: (1) develop equipment to handle it in this form. (2) change to liquid by adding water, or (3) change the form to a solid. The liquid handling is gaining popularity because conventional mechanical pumping methods may be used. The ease of storing liquids is also an advantage for using this system. It ena- bles an operator to store manure, thus reducing labor. The treatment process must be considered, however, in any of these systems to reduce odors (Bundy-lowa State) 0663 - Bl, F2 INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS INTO A SYSTEM, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Poultry Science. R.J. Young. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management February 10-12.1971, Syracuse, New York, p 142- 149.7 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water quality act Landfijls, Farm lagoons, Incineration, Treatment, Oxidation lagoons. Regulations, Fertilizers Nutrients, 'Standards, 'Institutional constraints Identifiers: 'Air quality standards. Land spread- ing, Composting, Local regulations; State regula- tions. In analyzing the various methods for handling animal wastes, each method must be considered with the individual management application in mind. It is also apparent that there are a number of constraints and alternatives which must be taken into consideration before a given system is adopted. These constraints are the local, state and federal regulations in regard to air and water quali- ty standards, public health laws and environmental protection regulations. The long-range con- sequences of any action taken must be evaluated so that the solution of one waste disposal problem does not create another. High priority should be given to the incorporation of animal wastes into a cropping system to get the maximum uptake of nutrients. If possible, recycling and reuse of animal Wastes should be part of the management system. The primary consideration is to be given to source control. Examination of all of the feasi- ble methods that meet the conditions of state and federal regulations may show that the cost of waste disposal for a particular product is far too costly, and therefore a more economical procedure may be a fhange in management prac- tice which would prevent or significantly reduce the amount of waste materials generated. (Bundy-lowa State) 0664 - F3 ADVISORY GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept of Dairy Science. J.W.Crowley. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 150- 156. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, Regulations, Waste disposal, Cattle, Public health, Safety, Legal aspects. The idea of an advisory group can be illustrated by experiences with advisory groups in other general problems. In dairy production, the involvement of various production groups, marketing groups, and quality control agencies has a long history. There have been occasions when one group formulated ideas without due consideration of the needs or responsibilities of the other group. Also, there have been many questions or problems that require immediate practical solutions but only judgment or guesses are available. When this oc- curs, the best judgment or guess results when all groups involved discuss, debate, and finally com- promise on the practical solution. The primary ob- jective of the advisory committee is to develop guidelines. These must be acceptable to all groups that have enforcement responsibilities. The sug- gestions in the guidelines must also be practical and realistic; however, they cannot assure com- pliance with regulations. The advisory committee is essentially an Ad Hoc group; however, per- manent structure is needed so that a representative can request and get action for revision. The guidelines are essentially an educational publica- tion and should be continually up-dated as needs arise. (Bundy-lowa State) 0665 - B2 R. Everingham. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- \;rence on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 157- Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Cattle, Confinement pens. Soil disposal fields, Septic tanks, Odors Liquid wastes, New York, Waste treatment. Identifcers: 'Dairy wastes, Liquid-manure spreader. Pit agitation, 'Syracuse (N.Y.). ^eW X°rk dairy farmer gives an account of his 100-cow free-stall hquid-manure-handling system The system is located within a 15-minute drive to downtown Syracuse, which makes him very aware of the odor problems that a dairy operation might cause. The liquid manure tank was designed on the specifications of 1-1/2 cubic feet per animal per day with enough capacity for two months. At the time the pit was built, it was decided that a two- month clean-out period would be sufficient but after operating the system for awhile, it was recog- nized that a four-month period would be better This would eliminate having to spread the manure during the summer months or the cold winter months on frozen ground. Also, the specifications of 1-1/2 cubic feet per animal per day should be in- creased to 2. The equipment used to remove the manure consists of an agitator pump and a 1400- gallon liquid-manure spreader. In his operation the spreading, especially in the summer, is the most critical part of the operation. The operator at this point feels the system is workable. (Bundy-lowa State) 0666 - A2, Bl, F2 PERFORMANCE OF DUCK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES, New York State Veterinary Coll., Eastport. Duck Disease Research Lab. K. J. Johanson. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solution, Cornel] University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12, 1971, Syracuse, New York, p 161- 166.3fig,3ref. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Poultry, Oxidation lagoons. Settling basins, Waste water disposal, •Waste treatment, Chlorine, Run-off, 'Treatment facilities. Identifiers: 'Pre-settling lagoon, Confined buildings, 'Duck wastes. The Long Island duck industry is presently com- prised of 35 farms and processing plants, market- ing approximately 7 million ducks a year. This figure represents about 65% of the nation's ducks with the majority going to New York restaurants 280 image: ------- and markets. A minimum of 6 gal. of water per duck per day is necessary. Most farmers use between 10 and 20 gal. of water per duck per day. In the past, ducks were given free access to the freshwater streams and rivers and their wastes were carried out into the waterway, which caused serious pollution. In order to curb this pollution, the New York State Department of Health required duck farmers to comply with a four-phase program of water pollution abatement. The first two phases of this program called for the removal of ducks from open waters and providing facilities that would remove settleable solids. The third phase of the order called for the disinfection of the waste effluent. The fourth phase called for nutrient removal. Each farm involved in waste treatment is issued an operating permit after the system has been inspected and approved by the New York State Dept. of Environmental Conser- vation. The permit describes the approved facili- ties and specifies what equipment is incorporated into the system, such as the size* number and capacity of aeration lagoons, settling lagoons, chlorination tanks, pumps, and the number of aerators to be utilized. These facilities cannot be altered without prior approval of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0667 - Dl, F5 FOOD PROCESSING WASTE WATER TREAT- MENT. Harnish and Lookup, Assoc., Newark, N.Y. P. Russell. In: Agricultural Wastes: Principles and Guidelines for Practical Solutions, Cornell University Con- ference on Agricultural Waste Management, February 10-12,1971, Syracuse, New York, p 167- 172. 3 fig,2tab. Href. Descriptors: 'Waste water treatment, Irrigation, Lagoons, Activated sludge, Aeration, Water management, New York. Identifiers: "Food processing, Wastes, Spray ir- rigation. In the food processing sector of the agricultural in- dustry, wastewater treatment and disposal is one of the most significant problems facing today's corporate management. In New York state alone, over 100 food processing plants produce waste- water equivalent to 5 million people. The problem must be completely determined in order to provide a proper wastewater management program. An in- plant wastewater sampling program is essential to determine wastewaler sources and characteristics. A process flow schematic is also essential. To treat the wastewater, preliminary treatment includes screening, nutrient additions, pH control, and equalization in many cases. In some cases, spray irrigation is a very suitable means for wastewater disposal from food processing operations. The im- portant elements of a spray irrigation system are adequate surface area and a soil which allows for infiltration into the ground. In other instances where a BOD removal efficiency up to 83% is adequate, aerated lagoons have been employed successfully in treating food processing waste- waters. Methods including stabilization ponds, filter, and chemical treatment are used when ad- vanced treatment is necessary. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0668 - Cl, D4 PHOTOSYNTHETIC RECLAMATION OF AGRICULTURAL SOLID AND LIQUID WASTES-SECOND PROGRESS REPORT, California Univ.. Berkeley. Sanitary Engineering Sonton LJDugan, Clarence 0. Oolueke, William I. Oswald, and Charles E.Rixford. California University, Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, Report No. 70-1, 165 p, 24 fig, 35 tab, 51 ref. US Public Health Service 5ROI UI00566-03. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Waste water treatment, Sedimentation, Oxidation lagoons. Anaerobic digestion. Algae, Sludge, Methane, Or- ganic loading. Hydrogen ion concentration. Tem- perature, Centrifugation, Coagulation, Dewatering, •Cost analysis. Identifiers: Volatile solids, Grit. A 36-week study was initiated to provide informa- tion on the economics of treating animal wastes. Chickens were chosen, mainly for convenience take, as the waste producers to be studied, and 113-twenty week old leghorn pullets were placed in cages. The treatment system used consisted of inclined troughs under the cages which were flushed with water from a flushing bucket, grit removal, sedimentation, an oxidation lagoon for the sedimentation tank supernatant, and an anaero- bic digester for the solids. The systems approach was used, and system balances were performed for total solids, volatile solids, total unoxidized nitrogen and energy for the chickens, sedimenta- tion tank, digester, and algae. All balances were performed from week 5 through week 36 except for the digester, where operation was terminated at week 24 and the solids dewatered, dried, and stu- died for possible further reuse. An economic analy- sis of an integrated system of 100,000 laying hens revealed a cost of approximately 2 cents/dozen eggs for a system based on the one tested. How- ever, consideration of an extremely conservative algae harvesting rate of 12 tons/acre/year at a price of 3 cents/lb (dry weight) dropped the overall waste handling outlay to approximately 1 cent/dozen. On this basis, additional studies were recommended to aid in the implementation of treatment facilities for animal wastes as soon as possible. (Lowry-Texas) 0669 - A2, Bl ANIMAL AND HUMAN METABOLIC WASTES. Illinois Univ., Urbana. Council on Environmental Quality. Proceedings of First Allenon Conference, December, 1970, Special publication no. 21, Col- lege of Agriculture, Illinois University at Urbana- Champaign, April, 1971, p 23-25.2 tab. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Water pollution, •Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Sludge disposal, Municipal wastes. Anaerobic digestion, Oxidation, Fertilizers. Identifiers: Pollution abatement, Population equivalents. Livestock needed to produce America's meat supply also produce 2 billion tons of manure per year. Undiluted livestock wastes are 100 times more concentrated than municipal sewage. Pollu- tants include plant nutrients, oxygen-demanding components, infectious agents, color, and odor. Aerobic bacteria thrive at Dissolved Oxygen levels down to .3 ppm, but fish need about 4 ppm. Typical BOD livestock population equivalents include dairy cow - 12,200 pound hog — 2.5, and laying hens — 0.10. The greatest potential for stream pol- lution is feedlot runoff. Methods of abatement in- clude diverting rainwater around lots, collecting ru- noff in detention ponds, and putting roofs over lots. Most odor nuisance can be avoided by incinerating, composting, refeeding proteinaceoualsolids, or anaerobically digesting. Farmland can be used to dispose of digested sludge of municipal waste treat- ment plants. Typical fertilizer contents of total sludge (water and solids) are 5 per cent nitrogen, 3 per cent phosphorus, and .5 per cent potassium. Land, not watercourses, should be the receptor of livestock and municipal waste residues. (Schmitt- lowa State) 0670 - Bl, Dl, El, F4 ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and Agricultural Engineering. Raymond C. Lochr. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 43. No 4, p 668-678,2 fig, 2 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Disposal, 'Treatment, •Systems analysis. Runoff, Pollutant, Nutrients, Aerobic treatment. Anaerobic digestion, Dentrifl- cation, Nitrification, Effluents, Legal aspects. Waste water treatment, Waste disposal. Identifiers: Options, Land disposal, Oxidation ditch, Pollutions! characteristics alternatives. The various systems for treating wastes from en- closed confined animal production operations are discussed. There is no one process or waste management system that will be adequate for all animal production operations. Aeration systems such as oxidation ditches are gaining acceptance for waste handling and treatment. It is unlikely that current liquid waste treatment systems for treating concentrated animal waste water will produce ef- fluents that can be discharged to surface water. Land disposal is an integral part of feasible animal waste treatment systems. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 0671 - A5, C2, D2 REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ANIMAL MANURES, PART II: EFFECTS OF VELOCITY ON AIR DRYING, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A.T.Sobel. In: Agricultural Waste Management and As- sociated Odor Control, Cornell University AWM 71-04, September 1,1971.10 p. 2 tab, 7 fig, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry. 'Drying, Waste storage. Odor. Identifiers: Air-drying manure. Water can be removed from animal manures by mechanical, thermal, and absorptive means. Ther- 3(removal was investigated by utilmnga Uun layer of unheated air, and a very low or static air velocity The equilibrium moisture content of chSmalre i. comparable wit*, othe,^agricul- tural hygroscopic materials. Effects of humidity on drymS time are significant but *™gj>™™« has an effect similar to a plus or minus 15% rela- tive humidity change. Temperature, configuration of manure, thickness, compaction, velocity of air, and the biological state of the manure also affects the drying rate. Exposure to drying on both sides had an effect on 1/4 in. thick manure samples for velocities less than 700 FPM, but the effect was in- significant for 1/8 in. samples. Velocities greater than 800 FPM did not appreciably reduce the dry- ing time from that of the 800 FPM level. Drying times for velocities 800 FPM or greater were ap- proximately 1/3 that for 'static' conditions. The time required to remove the last 0.9 percent of water was approximately 8 hours at 'static' condi- tions and 5 hours at the higher velocities. (Schmitt-lowa State) 0672 - A6, C3 MEASUREMENT OF MANURE GASES BY GAS CHROMOTOGRAPHY, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. D. L. Day. In: Agricultural Waste Management and As- sociated Odor Control, Cornell University, AWM 71-04, September 1,1971.6 p, 1 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Gas chromatog- raphy, 'Ammonia, 'Carbon dioxide, Methane, Mydrogen sulfide. 281 image: ------- Identifien: Varian Aerograph Model 200 Chro- matograph, Porapak T, Porapak S, Porapak Q, Porapak R, Carle T.C. detector. A combination of gas chromatograph equipment was sought to measure manure gases, specifically ammonia. Previous work had used both thermal conductivity and hydrogen flame detector! for measuring methane, hydrogen tulfide, and carbon dioxide. A setup using silica gel and molecular sieve columns in series was considered undesira- ble since the molecular sieve is suspected of per- manently retaining C02. NH3. and H2O. Experi- ments were conducted with a Varian Aerograph Model 200 Chromatograph with T.C. detector with a 1/8 in. X 8 ft. of 100-120 Porapak T column and a Carle T.C. detector with 1/8 in. X 8 ft. of 50-80 mesh Porapak Q in series with 1/8 in. X 8 ft. of 50- 80 meih Porapak R. Ultimately it was found that there was as much C02 in a cylinder marked at 123 pern NH3 and the balance N2 as in • CO2 cylinder marked as 0.49% C02. 20.8 O2, and balance N2. This explained the identical elution time for the NH3 and C02 cylinders. 123 ppm NH3 was below the detection level for the gas chromatograph setups. NH3 In the absence of CO2 was uiedln other tests. The thermal conductivity and hydrogen flame detector chromatographs were not very reliable for quantitative measure- ment of ammonia in the 2,000 to 12,000 ppm con- centration range; the threshold level appears to be 1* or higher. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0673 - AS, Cl OLFACTORY MEASUREMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE ODOR, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, A. T. Sobel. In; Agricultural Waste Management and As- sociated Odor Control. Cornell University, AWM 71-04, September 1,1971.21 p, 12 fig. 7 tab, 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Drying, 'Odor. Identifiers: Air-drying manure. I The gat chromatograph can detect compounds to 10-12g of any material, but odorous compound* below this level can be readily detected by the human nose. Consequently, an odor panel waa created and aaked to rate various manure samples as to the presence of odor, and the offensivenesa of the odor. A scale of 0-10 was used with zero representing no odor and 10 representing a very strong and offensive odor. Samples included manure that was undiluted, diluted in various pro. portions, and manure that waa dried to various moisture contents. The use of • rating method utilizing the human nose for odor evaluation pro- vides valuable information for comparing manure handling and treatment systems. Ratings for odor presence and odor offensiveness are very similar. Descriptive terms help in catagorizing odor*. Ol- factory observation along with visual observation produces a different rating in comparison with ol- factory observation only. Visual observation may introduce some bias. Since there is no right answer to an olfactory test, the test must be set up and run under conditions such that the results can be used for comparison only. (Schmitt-Iowa State) Attempts to mask, counteract, or oxidize odors from manure have been largely unsuccessful. If odors cannot be controlled once they have been formed, an effort must be made to inhibit the production of odors. To evaluate the success of ef- forts to control odors a measuring device is needed. A panel of humans rating odor presence and offensiveness from 1 to 10 has been found the best device for evaluation. Experiments were con- ducted to check the influence of moisture removal and manure removal on the odor offensivenesi of the gases released from chicken manure. Remov- ing moisture reduced the odor level. Diluted manure always produced the highest offensive- ness and undiluted manure the next highest. Daily scraping which did not allow buildup of manure was also a successful technique for controlling odor. A manure management system which either removes the manure from the building at least daily without manure buildup or removes moisture from the manure will cause a minimum amount of air pollution. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0675 - D2 UNDER CAGE DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, B. Oormel, A. T. Sobel, and D. C. Ludington. In: Agricultural Waste Management and As- sociated Odor Control, Cornell University, AWM 71-04, September 1,1971. Up, 7fig,7 tab. 0674 - AS, Bl, Cl CONTROL OF ODORS THROUGH MANURE MANAGEMENT, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. D, C. Ludington, A. T. Sobel, and B. Oormel. In: Agricultural Waste Management and As- sociated Odor Control, Cornell University, AWM 71-04, September 1,1971.17p, 13 fig, 8 tab, 2 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Drying, •Odor. Identifiers: Air-drying manure. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, "Poultry. 'Drying, Waste disposal, Odor. Identifiers: Air-drying manure. Various meana to achieve drying of poultry droppings before they could mat together into a solid mass were investigated. Fins made of dif- ferent materials placed at various angles, screens, and rotating pins were investigated, with air move- ment at 3 to 4 cf m per bird. The moisture content of manure from caged layers was reduced to 30% by use of metal fins below the cages. Fins at more than 45 deg. angles caught a low percentage of the manure and thus, had small effect. Supplementary fins at 30 deg. beneath the 45 deg. fins were not (elf-emptying. Air circulation is of great im- portance In fin drying of poultry manure. Vertical fins will hold about 46% of the total manure when the fins are placed 3/4 in. apart. Half-inch ex- panded metal allowed too high a percentage of freih droppings to pass into the pit to be a signifi- cant benefit in the drying process. Routing pins reduced the moisture content to about 50% but something stronger than the 1/4 in. maple dowel 7 3/4 in. pins is needed. In these test*, drying took place partially on the devices such as screens, metal fins or spindles with significant additional drying of the crumbled manure occurring in the chamber pits because the devices prevented the formation of a solid mass of droppings in the pit. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0676 - A4, C3, C4, CS CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL STUDIES OF WASTES FROM BKEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Agricultural Research Service. Lincoln, Nebr. Soil and Water Conservation Research Dlv. T. M. McCalla, and F. O. Viett, Jr. Proceedings: Pollution Research Symposium, May 23.1969. Typescript, 24 p. 14 tab, 77 re? Descriptor*: 'Microorganisms, Chemical proper- ties, Cattle, Farm wastes, Odor, Runoff, Confine- ment pens, Identifiers: Great Plains, Nebraska, Feedlot. roughage ration and quickly shifted to a high-con- centrate one. A high-concentrate ration has about 75% to 85% digestible material and 5% to 7% minerals, resulting in 4 to 5 Ibs. of feces per animal per day. Pollution of groundwater beneath beef cattle feedlots appears to be determined by a number of factors; namely, stocking rate, manure removal, depth of water table, and soil texture and structure. Indication! are that low ttocking rates and frequent manure removal contribute to nitrate leaching into the water table. Also, feedlott in which the groundwater it relatively close to the sur- face are more apt to contain nitrate in excess of 10 ppm than are feedlott with a deeper water table. Beef cattle feedlots established on coarse-textured, •andy foils may permit more movement of pollu- tants to the groundwater than those established on fine-textured clay sold. (Dorland-lowa State) 0677 — Al. Bl, Dl, El, Fl THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF THE CONFINED LIVESTOCK FEED- ING INDUSTRY Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City. Ml*. aouri. The Pollution Potential of the Confined Livestock Feeding Induatry. Final Report, Midwest Re- search Institute, 429 Volker Bolevard, Kansas City, MUwouri, November, 1971. pp. 1-224. Descriptor*: 'Farm Waite*. Biochemical Oxygen Demand. Cattle. Feedloti. Wa*te Treatment, Eco- nomic, Runoff. Aerobic Treatment, Sheep, Swine. Poultry. Identifiers; Manure Handling Techniques. The confined livestock feeding industry ha* been studied In depth. Typical feedlot operation* have been examined, livestock waste* have been char- caterised, and waste management technique* and treatment procenea have been evaluated. Animal wait** are highly concentrated. Conventional treatment proceises can be applied to these waite*. but will not produce effluents suitable' for atream discharge. Such treatment, therefore, 1* seldom feasible and rarely necessary if good management practice* are followed. Animal waste management I* aimed at returning the waste* to the land, with essentially no effluent reaching natural waterway*. Appropriate man- agement practice* Include: 1) minimizing the quantity of runoff by diversion of all water out- ride the feedlot; 2) Controlling runoff emanating from indde the feedlot; 3) detaining liquid run- off fro mthe feedlot In pond* or lagoon*; 4) re- turning the detained liquids to the land* a* re- quired to prevent detention pond overflow; and 5) periodically removing mild waitet from feed- lot* for ultimate diipoial on land. Such practice* will be compatible with the Industry** economic structure, acceptable to the InduatrV* manage- ment, and effective in eliminating known pollu- tion hazard*. Audlttonal research I* needed to tnmire that tie synthetic chemical* used la lire- stock feeding operation* are not harmful when returned to the environment. (Bundy-ISU) Chemical and microbial characteristics of beef cat- tle waste are discussed along with some of the possible microbial and chemical transformations that reduce the disposal problem. The cattle feedlot waste depends on the ration feed. Generally, cattle In feedlots are started on a high- 0678 - F4 THE FUTURE OF FARM ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. James A. Moore, and Donald B. Brooker. Agricultural Engineering. Vol 51, No 7, p 414,417. July 1970. Descriptors: 'Farm waste, 'Water treatment, •Water pollution control, 'Long term planning-, Manure, Odor, Agricultural engineering. Predicts the future development of livestock waste management schemes. It includes a discussion of future water quality requirements as well as the necessity for odor control. The need for mechanization as well as increased energy con- sumption are discussed. (Miner-Iowa State) 282 image: ------- 0679 - A3, C3 NITROGEN LOSSES FROM ALKALINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS, .„.,.. San Diego State Coll., Calif. Dept. of Civil En- gineering. Frank E. Stratton. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering DlvUion, Proceedingi of the American Society of Civil En- gineer*, Vol 95, No SA2, p 223-231,1969. 5 fig, I tab, 3 ref. Deicrlpton: 'Alkaline water. 'Nitrification, •Nitrogen, Impoundments, Ammonia, AnilyiU, Analytical technique!, Hydrogen ion concentra- tion, Temperature, Wlndi, Effluent*. Lakes, Sur- face waten, California. Identifier*: Elfin Foieit Like (Calif), Oateoui am- monia nitrogen, Degailflcatlon. A method of eitlmattng the Ion of gaieoui am- monia from alkaline water* coniliti of analyib of (ample* from outdoor impounded water lubtoct to mixing by wind, Another method involve* the we of a floating cell and acid trap to determine am- monia liberated from an impoundment. The field teiu were conducted from June to September in two imall California eutrophlc Impoundment*: Elfin Foreit Lake with pH 9.5-9.8, and a pH 9.1 ef- fluent pond at the Santee Water Reclamation. The meuured rate of lou of ammonia nitrogen for the Elfin Forest Lake wai 3.3 milligram! per iquare foot/day, whereat that for the Santee pond, 9,1 mil- ligram* per iquare foot/day. The determined valuei eonitituted 14% and 22% of the predicted value* for thete bailm, reipectively. (Wilde-Whconiin) 0680 - Bl, F3, F4 ECONOMIES OF RECOVERY AND DISTRIBU- TIONOIANlMALWAm, California Univ., Davit. w 1 Clawton Journal of Animal Science. Vol. 32, No. 4. April 1971.p«l«-«20,lttb,9ref. Deicripton: 'Farm wa*te», Economic*, Cropland. California. Waite management, •W««e ditpoul. *Wa*te treatment. 'Feed lou. No one method wfll latUfy the need for suitable watte management la animal agriculture. Two batic pathwYy. teem to be available for diapoial of animal watte. The tint it utilization of all or out* of the animal watte where a coil it incurred and a value for the product («) it returned. The al- ternative may be outright detinicuon or degrada- tion of animal watte where a coat it incurred and no return it evident. Acknowledgment mutt be made of the fict that agriculture will be forced to •too pollution and that the additional cott of thit type of wtite management nay not be recovered from wnte alone. Future research must help pro- vide more methods of cleaning and transporting animal wastes. Another approach is to study methodi which wffl permit the effective growth and fattening of animals la lee* confined anas than is currently the case. By treating the removal and distribution of animal waste* a* an expense to the animal production industry, evaluation of watte disposal methodi it Improved and a more in- teOicent evaluation of alternative methodi may be nude by the animal Industry. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0681 - C2, D4, E2 EFFECT OF FEEDLOT LAGOON WATER ON SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPER. TIES OF SOILS, Kama! State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agrono- my, and Kantai State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. DavidO. Travii, W. L. Powert, L. S. Murphy, and R. I. Upper. Partially tupported by OWRR, Dept. of Interior. Soil Science Society of America Proceeding*. Vol 33, No I. p 122-126. January-February 1971, 5 p, 7 fig,4 tab, !2ref.OWRR Project A-016-K AN (2). Detcriptora: 'Farm waitei, 'Water pollution ef- fectt, 'Path of pollutanti, 'Irrigation water, •Waite water diipoial, Lagoon*, Saline toili, Nitrate*. Salt*, Leaching, Soil water. Soil chemii- try. Soil properties. Soil texture. Soil itructure. Identifier*: Feedlot lagoon*. Lagoon water from cattle feedlot runoff wai added to unditturbed toil columni 42 cm long and 6.7 cm In diameter. The infiltration rate of the lagoon water Into the cotumni wa* meaiured and recorded. After each run, the toll columni were lectloned Into 3-cm Increment! and analyzed for C», Mg, Na, K. and NH4 ion*. Alto the electrical conductivity of a saturation extract from the top 15 cm of each column wai determined. Water flow in the toil columni itopped for all toil* before two pore volume* of filtrate could be collected. The percentage* of Na, K, and NH4 ion* Increaied In the turface increment* of the toil columni. The electrical conductivity of the taturatlon extract* for all toll* wai increased by more than 200% by ad- ding the lagoon water to ths toil. The taturatlon ex- tract of the treated toili had electrical conductivity value* of between 2.80 and 5.05 mmhoi/cm. (K- napp-USGS) 0682 - A5, D2, F2 AERATION OF LIQUID POULTRY MANURE; A STABILIZATION PROCESS OB AN ODOUR CONTROL MEASURE, Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology. R. O.BeD. Poultry Science. Vol. 50, No. 1, January 1971. p U5-158.3fis.9ref. Descriptor!: 'Farm watte*. Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Odor. 'Aeration, 'Poultry. Anaerobic digettioa, 'Degradation (Decomposition), Liquid watte*. 'Watte water treatment Identifier*: Fatty-acidt. The offensive odor* aitociated with the itorage of liquid manure* ire caused by the accumulation of the by-products of the anaerobic decomposition of fecal organic matter. A direct relationship hat been observed between the concentration of one such group of by-products, the volatile fatty acids, and the odor quality of stored liquid poultry manure. It we* suggested that a 0.1% fatty acid content wa* an acceptable level for new facilities and 0.2% was a minimum level for the initiation of prosecutions under any proposed air pollution legislation. Aeration, on purely theoretical ground*, must be a means of preventing stored liquid manure from acquiring a foul odor since anaerobic*!* and the pretence of free oxygen an incompatible. In practice it it now well ettabUshed that aeration Is an effective way by which to con- trol the odor of liquid manure. The present study wa* undertaken to a*certain whether the fatty Mid content remained a reliable odor assessment criteria for aerated stored manure; and to observe whether aa aeration rate sufficient to control odor would result ia the ttabfliration of the manure. The tatty acid content waa shown to provide a reliable assessment of the odor quality of stored aerated liquid poultry manure. For satisfactory odor con- trol in the manure storage system containing 0.5(2 eu, ft. of water per hen It waa only necessary to satisfy 37% of the daily applied BOD. Aeration as used in the experimental system must be con- sidered at an odor control meaiure and not a* a stabilization process. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0683 - Bl, F4 ANIMAL WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL IN CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION OF SWINE, Purdue Unlvenity, Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Animal Science. 1. H. Conrad, and V. B. Mayroae. Journal of Animal Science, VoL 32, No. 4, April 1971. p 811415. 22 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens, •Swine, 'Odors, Farm management, Irrigation, Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Aeration, 'Waste wster treatment. Identifiers: Slotted floor*. Farmer-producer* are becoming larger and more specialized. Aa eMimated twenty-five percent of the hog.* are produced in total confinement and another fifty percent of the hog* produced by large producer* are in partial confinement during the crowing and/or finiihiag period. A* confinement feeding Increase*, concern about the volume of wastes excreted doe* al»o. Some procedure* of measuring and fact* about fecal production are discussed. An ideal manure handling tyitem should incorporate the ultimate In automation, ox- idize volatile solids, require a minimum amount of maintenance and be economical to operate. Waste disposal systems discussed include; mechanical or hand scraping and cleaning In conjunction with total hauling and spreading, a combination of scraping and flushing the wastes into a lagoon or holding pit. a slotted floor over a pit. a slotted floor over a pit with oxidation wheel, slotted floor over a lagoon, slotted floor* over a pit with oxida- tion wheel* and a lagoon, and the plow-furrow- cover technique. Another problem with swine con- finement is gas generation. Some of the gate* generated are toxic while othen caute offentive lion. Speculation into the future has com< s up with this system, perhaps with slight modifica- tions. as an acceptable one. Animals will be reared in totally encloied building* on dotted floors. Wattes will be fluthed by recycled lagoon water into the lagoon which contains a floating aerator. Effluent containing both liquid and «P«£<"jM lolid* wttl be uied for crop irrigation. (Bundy Iowa State) 0684 - A2, AS, Dl, El CHANGING PRACTICES « AGRICULTURE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE ENVIRON- Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. D«pt, of Agricultural Engineering; and California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. ...... Raymond C. Loehr, andSamuel A. Hart. CRC Critical Review* in Environmental Control Vol 1 ,' No I , p 69-99, February 1 970. 3 1 p, 7 fig. 9 tab, 67 ref. Detcrlptor.: 'Review*. •Bibliographies, 'Water pollution source*. 'Farm wa«ei>a*te treatment Aesthetic*. Odor*. Sewage disposal, Disposal, Farm management, Water pollution control, Environ- ment, water quality, Air pollution. Urbanization. Identifier!: Animal production waiter This review empha«izet one facet of agriculture, inimal 'production as an example of the change* that have taken place in agriculture. The major topic area* include: productivity increases, change* in size of operation*, handling problem*, waste characteristics, surface and groundwater quality, land application of watte*, land runoff, odor production, and waste management technique!. Became farm* are located in relative isolation sur- rounded by apparently unlimited land, air, and water, contaminants generated by agriculture usually would be sufficiently dilute or stabilized be- fore potential problem* become real. Modern developments in agriculture and growing recrea- tional use of rural lands are tending to eliminate this relative Isolation. The large livestock producer is in the animal rather than in the crop-farming business. He relies on commercially available feeds .for a considerable portion if not all of his feeding requirements, has a minimum interest in utilization of the resultant manure in crop production, and may not have adequate land of his own for satisfac- tory disposal of the animal wastes. The outlook is 283 image: ------- for continuation of these trends in modern agricul- ture and for an increase in the environmental problems described in this review. No new facility or expansion of existing facilities for agricultural production should be considered without prior planning which should include the probable en- vironmental effects of the disposal or wastes from the facility. (Knapp-USGS) 0685 - AS, A6, Bl, Dl £A?5LAND ODORS FROM STORED SWINE WASTES, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dcpt. of Agricultural En- gineering. Arthur J.Muehling. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 30, No 4, o 526- 531, April 1970. 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Ammonia, Manure •Oases, Odor, Methane, Carbon dioxide' Hydrogen sulfidc, *Hogs. Identifiers: Swine confinement, 'Manure odors Storage pits. One major problem arising from the storage, handling, treating and eventual utilization or disposal of hog wastes associated with confinement hog systems is the inevitable presence of gases and odors. The most important gases generated in a hog confinement unit are thought to be carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and a large group of trace compounds such as amines, mercap- tans, and skatoles. Under normal conditions in an adequately ventilated confinement unit no noxious gas reaches lethal or even harmful concentrations for pits or humans. Critically dangerous conditions exist when the oxygen content of the air diminishes from the normal 21 to 10% or less. It is only under special conditions such as during a ventilation failure, or during rigorous agitation of the manure pit that dangerous levels are reached. It may be possible to apply the industrial methods of treating odors; namely, dilution, absorption, adsorption, masking, counteraction and burning to the control or odors from stored manure. (Miner-Iowa State) 0686 - E3, F5 TO REEDSTUW CONVraTS CATTLE ««MEN D. Natz. Feedstuffs, Vol43, No 28. July 10,1971.1 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Suspended solids, 'Waste treatment, 'Feeds. Identifiers: Feeding trials. A practical means of turning rumen content (paunch) of slaughtered cattle into a valuable feed ingredient it claimed by Or. Paul A. Stabler, a Min- nesota medical doctor. The patented 'Stabler Con- version Process' actually converts the paunch material into two usable feed ingredients. One is a concentrated liquid fed to hogs as a top dressing over grain. The other is a dehydrated product which is fed to cattle much like silage. Stabler'* process tint separates the liquids and solids by suction, then compresses the high moisture solids to extract more liquid. The liquid* then go into a holding for sterilization and processing. The solids move into a revolving drum-type heating and dry- ing unit when they are exposed to 2000 to 3000F temperatures. The solids can then be pelleted if desired. Stabler reported that the paunch, when processed according to the prescribed methods, will provide a minimum of 75% of the commonly accepted nutritive requirements of beef cattle dur- ing the finishing phase. He said that it has even more potential as a pre-finishing ration - from about 400 to (00 pounds. The cost to produce this material in I960 was about $17.04 per ton. During feeding trials conducted by Stabler, cattle gained an average of 2.5 pounds per day on a ration of which a major part was paunch products. Stabler predicted that beef production nationally could be increased by 25% by utilizing the rumen content of animals as a feed product. (WaDin-Iowa State) 0687 - B2, D4, F5 OPERATION OF AN ANAEROBIC POND ON HOG ABATTOIR WASTEWATER, Steeg (Henry B.) and Associates, Inc., Indi- anapolis, Ind.; and Wastewater Treatment Plant Logansport, Ind. C. F. Niles, and H. P. Gordon. In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference 25th, May 5-7,1970, Purdue University, Engineer- ing Extension Series No. 137, Part II, p 612-616,1 tab. Descriptors: 'Waste water treatment, 'Operating costs. Anaerobic conditions, Effluents, Activated sludge, Biochemical oxygen demand, Labor, Pre- treatment. Management, Indiana, 'Lagoons, 'In- dustrial wastes. Identifiers: 'Abattoir wastewater. Anaerobic lagoons. Secondary treatment. Suspended solids. The development of a design for an anaerobic. pond for pretreatment of the wastewater from an abattoir, design criteria and details of the anaero- bic pond, and the operating techniques being used m treating the effluent from the anaerobic pond before discharge to the river are described. Some information on operating results, labor require- ments and power consumption are also included It was estimated that processing 400 hogs per hour on a one shift kill would result in a flow of 800 000 gal per day with a peak rate of 1400 gal per min. It was further estimated that this wastewater would contain 8000 pounds of BOD and 6650 pounds of suspended solids per day. The effluent from the lagoon was introduced into the activated sludge secondary treatment step of the city sewage treat- ment plant. For successful operation on a year- round basis, a cover for the lagoon was considered necessary. The cover was composed of straw and grease and maintained temperatures year-round above 80 degrees F. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0688 - C2, C3, C4, C5 CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE TREAT- MENT PROPERTIES OF PIG MANURE, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Univ. (England). DepL of Agricultural Engineering. J. R. O'Callaghan, V. A. Dodd, P. A.J • O'Donogbue, and K. A. Pollock. Journal Agriculture Engineering Research. Vol 16 No 4, p 399-419. December 1971. 13 fig, 15 tab 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Hogs, Feeds, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. Solid wastes. Hydrogen ton concentra- tion, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Potassium, Confine- ment pens. Identifiers: 'Total solids, Volatile solids. The daily faecal and urinary production from in- dividual pigs were measured over the live-weight range 20-90 kg. Three different feeding regimes were employed. Faecal and urinary production can be expressed as a percentage of meal and water consumed; the values are influenced by feeding regime. The results from the study on individual pigs were, in general, confirmed by a trial carried out on groups of pigs. There was no significant dif- ference in the quantity of manure produced by hogs and gilts. Feeding regime was found to in- fluence significantly the major properties of pig manure. The properties studied included biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen de- mand, total solids, volatile solids,.nH and the major nutrient elements, nitrogen, phos>horui and potassium. No significant reduction in either ox- ygen demand or volatile solids was achieved by storing the manure in dung channels for periods of up to 18 weeks. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0689 - A3, Bl, F4 WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR FEEDLOTS Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Coll. of Agriculture E. A. Olson. Extension Service Bulletin, B.C. 71-795, (1971). 14 P, 15 fig. Descriptors: *Fann wastes, 'Nebraska Livestock, Runoff, 'Feed lots, 'Water pollution control, 'Pollution abatement, Legal aspects Guidance and information are provided to help livestock producers develop faculties that will bv proper wast* management, help prevent pollution Careful selection of a new site for livestock production facilities can help reduce potential water and/or air pollution problems. Methods for controlling and managing waste runoff for existing or new lots are described. These techniques are based on results of recent research on waste management by USDA Agricultural Research Ser- vice personnel and the University of Nebraska. The Nebraska Water Pollution Control Act requires that programs to control livestock wastes °nl by December 0690 - Bl, Cl AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEPARATE COLLECTION OF URINE, FECES, AND EX- PIRATORY GASES FROM THE MATURE CHICKEN, Agricultural Research Service. Fargo, N. Dak. Metabolism and Radiation Research Lab. G. D. Paulson. Poultry Science, Vol 48, No 4, p 1331-1336, 1969 3 fig, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Urine, 'Poultry Sampling, Carbon dioxide. Identifiers: Surgical modification. Poultry urine collection. Metabolism cage. An improved method for surgical modification of the chicken and collection apparatus to facilitate separate collection of urine and feces is described. There was no mortality from surgery, and the modified birds were normal, as evaluated by out- ward appearance, feed and water consumption, urine and feces excretion, and post examination of sacrificed birds. A metabolism unit and a system for collecting respiratory CO2 from the chicken are also described. (Miner-Iowa State) 0691 - B3, C2 THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND FLOORING TYPE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF BROILER EXCREMENTS, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Dept. of Animal Industries and Veterinary Science. R. A. Peterson, M. A. Hellickson, W. D. Wagner and A. D. Longhouse. Poultry Science, Vol 49, No 2. p 439-443. March 1970.1 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Livestock, 'Poultry, 'Manure, Humidity, Air environment. Identifiers: Broilers, Moisture content, 'Flooring systems. Experiments were conducted in part to determine the effect of humidity and flooring type on the moistuie content of excreta from broilers. The ex- periments using broiler type chicks fed a high ener- gy ration were conducted in four controlled 1.8 x 2.4 x 2.4 m environmental chambers. Relative hu- midity was measured and maintained. The follow- • ing types were used, (1) 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm. welded wire (2) 1.3 cm. by 2.5 cm. welded wire and (3) 1.9 cm. flat wooden slats spaced 0.6 cm. apart. The average moisture content was significantly less in excreta collected under 1.9 cm. flat slats than col- lected beneath either 2.5 x 2.5 cm. or 1.3 x 2 5' welded wire floors. (Miner-Iowa State University) 284 image: ------- 0692 - Bl, Cl EFFECT OF FEED PROCESSING ON DIGESTI- BILITY OF ANIMAL FEEDS, Kansas State Univ.. Manhattan. RB.Pfost. (1970) 21 p, 22 tab. 20 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, Feeds, Feed lots, Cat- tle. Microorganisms. Ammonia, Hogs. Identifiers: 'Daily gain. Daily feed. Starch. Some degree of starch gelatinization improves the feed efficiency for beef, swine and broiler feeding enouoh to be economically feasible under typical conditions in the United States. The utilization of urea in ruminant rations can be improved by use in combination with gelatinized starch. The results of using a highly gelatinized product for feeding swine appear interesting from a research stand- point and may prove to be practical later. Much of the past research which involved grain processing is difficult to interpret because of the failure to measure and report chemical and physical changes which occurred during processing. Standardized methods which are correlated with animal per- formance need to be developed Protein availabili- ty must be considered as well as starch availabili- tv Future developments in equipment for oroceasing must consider the economic costs Couired to obtain desired levels or product Change. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0693 - C5 IDENTIFICATION AND EXCRETION OF ES- TROGEN IN URINE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Animal Sciences. E. D. Plotka, and R. E, Erb. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 29, No 6, p 934- 939,1969. 2 fig, 1 tab, 27 ref. Descriptors: Farm wastes, 'Sheep, 'Urine, Organic compounds, *Chromatography. Identifiers: Estrone, 'Estrogen, Pregnant ewes. Estrone was identified in urine of the non-pregnant ewe by comparing its behavior to crystalline stan- dard estrone and by its failure to separate from added 14C-estrone through solvent partitioning, paper chromatography, successive thin-layer chro- matography in different systems, gas-chromotog- raphy, (CLC) on three columns, derivative forma- tion and chromatography of the derivatives. The highest average rate of excretion of estrone and es- tradiol occurred during estrui averaging 394 and 479 ug./24 hr. as compared to the lowest rates of 20 and 17 ug./hr., respectively, the second day after estrui. Expressing excretion rate as ng/mg. of urinary creatine was highly correlated (r-0.97- 0 98) to total excretion based on total collection of urine for 24 hours. (Miner-Iowa State) 0694 - A2, Bl MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION TO THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE MANURE TO PREVENT POLLUTION, Washington State Univ., Pullman. Coll. of En- gineering Research Div. Paper presented at the Eighth Texas Industrial Water and Wastewater Conference, Lubbock, Texas. June 6.1968.13 p.l fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Dairy industry, •Waste disposal, Confinement pens. Runoff, •Washington, Aerobic treatment, Lagoons. Identifiers: Anaerobic lagoons, 'Monroe (Wash). The Sanitary Engineering Section of the College of Engineering Research Division was asked to con- sider the manure problem at a dairy and milk processing plant near Monroe, Washington. Winter flooding and cost were two problems that influenced the systems set up for the 230 to 240 cows. The final system consisted of scraping and flushing the manure into a central slurry sump. From here the manure can either be pumped to the fields for disposal through a manure 'gun' or pumped to one of three storage lagoons. Each lagoon measures 115 feet by 115 feet by 18 feet and all three can hold about 430,000 cubic feet of material. (Wallin-Iowa State) 0695 - AS, Bl CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE VENTILA- TION SYSTEMS USING SOLID-STATE CON- TROLS, Agricultural Research Service, State College, Miss. Farm Electrification Research Branch. F. N. Recce, and I. W. Deaton. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol. 14, No. 6, p 1073-1075, November-December, 1971, 3 fig, 2 tab, 7 ref. 'Ventilation, treat- Descriptors: 'Confinement pens, 'Vent •Poultry, Temperature, Cooling, 'Waste ment. Identifiers: 'Solid-state controls. Humidity con- troller, Variable-speed d-c motor. Chickens, because of size, growth characteristics and sensitivity to light, lend readily to manipula- tion of production efficiency through confinement housing. However, as with any livestock, the suc- cess of confinement housing is dependent largely on the ventilation system. The conventional poultry-house ventilation system generally uses multiple fans, usually low-pressure axial-flow type, controlled by time clocks and thermostats, to regulate ventilation rate and control house tem- perature and humidity. The application of solid- state voltage control devices, used to control the speed of permanent split-capacitor, fractional-hor- sepower motors, further refines the system by providing resolution of the incremental steps of the multiple-fan system. The application of varia- ble-spefd, 1-hp and larger, d-c, elecjric motors with solid-state control to poultry-house ventila- tion systems appears to offer a method of solving some of the current problems in ventilation systems. By using a variable-speed, d-c motor and an appropriate, solid-state power controller regu- lated manually in summer and by means of dry- bulb or dew-point temperature transducers in winter, ventilation rate can be controlled in win- dowless poultry houses over the entire range necessary for optimum conditions throughout the year. The system provides a method of reducing the complexity of design and operation of ventila- tion systems. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0696 - A2, Cl, C5 QUALITY OF EFFLUENT FROM SWINE PRODUCTION AREAS, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept of Biological and Agricultural Engineering; and North Carolina Water Resources Research Inst., Raleigh. J. W. D. Robbins, G.I. Kriz, and D. H. Howells. Paper No. 69-706 presented at 1969 Winter meet- ing of the American Society of Agricultural En- gineers Chicago, Illinois, December 9-12, 1969. 42 p, 21 fig, 4 tab, 21 ref. FWPCA Grant 13020DGX. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Water quality control, •Surface waters, Discharge, Lagoons, Hogs, •Nitrates phosphorus. Conforms, Biochemical ox- ygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand, 'Toxici- ty. Antibiotics, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'Effluent disposal. Land application, Direct discharge, Automatic sampler. Feed addi- tives. Results are presented of the swine waste phase of a study initiated to identify the amounts of and factors governing pollutional loadings reaching surface waters and to answer whether and under what conditions animal wastes are a significant source of stream pollution. Knowledge of these factors is necessary to develop meaningful waste control, treatment, and disposal requirements for surface water protection. Results from representa- tive swine waste management systems of lagoon- ing, land disposal, and direct discharge to stream demonstrated the superiority of land disposal in controlling stream pollution. Discharge of lagoon effluents or direct discharge into surface water is unacceptable from a water quality standpoint. In land disposal, care must be taken that good management practices of soil and water conserva- tion are followed to minimize movement of wastes into streams. The amount of wastes applied per unit area should be low enough to prevent excess nitrate levels in groundwater. Toxic substances in the wastes are a cause of difficulties in BOD tests on lagoon wastes. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0697 - A2, A3, Bl, Cl, El HOLE OF ANIMAL WASTES IN AGRICUL TURAL LAND RUNOFF. North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollu- tion Control research Series, August 1971.114 p, 32 fig, 19 tab, 75 ref, 2 append. EPA Program 13020 DGX 08/71. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, •Agricul- tural runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Farm lagoons, Waste disposal, Sampling, Analysis, Disposal. Twelve typical agricultural areas representing three types of animal waste management techniques-lagooning, direct discharge into streams, and land'spreading including pasture and drylot units-were studied to determine the amounts of and factors governing stream pollution from swine, dairy, beef, and poultry production operations. More than 1500 stream and lagoon ef- fluent samples were collected with an automatic sampler developed for the study. The samples were analyzed for bacteria, nutrients, and degradable organic:. Hydrological and waste management data were also collected. Study results point to the superiority of land spreading for the disposal of animal wastes. Good soil and water conservation practices should be used to minimize the movement of wastes into streams. Higher rates of runoff result in heavier pollution. The location of disposal areas away from streams is important in controlling the amount of entering wastes. Even when land disposal areas are poorly located, the ai. ount of pollution entering streams is usually low; and watershed factors, such as sur- face culture and ease of erosion, are of primary importance in governing the magnitude of pollu- tion which reaches the streams. Direct dumping of animal wastes, treated or untreated, into streams is completely unacceptable and should be prohibited. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0698 - A2, A9, Cl, Dl CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS OF CAT- TLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, Robert S, Ken Water Research Center, Ada, Okla. M. R. Scalf, W. R. Duffer, and R. D. Kreis. In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference 25th, May 5, 6, and 7, 1970. Purdue University, Engineering Extension Series No. 137, Part 2. p 85T-864,10fig,3tab,6ref. P Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff, 'Fishkill, Cattle, Dissolved oxygen. Diversion structures Sedimentation, Biochemical oxygen demand, Al- gae. Confinement pens, Impoundments, 'Water pollution sources, 'Agricultural runoff, 'Water pollution effects. 'Cattle, 'Feed lots. Identifiers: Algal blooms. 285 image: ------- Cattle feedlot capacity in the United States has been increasing at about 10 percent annually in recent years. Essentially, all this growth has been SLi'iJL u"" of large scale fee image: ------- ferent environment. The basic conceptual model is represneted by a combination of three energy reservoirs with energy flow between the reser- voirs. These reservoirs represent digestion, metabolism, and thermal activity. The model can then simulate growth responses to energy intake and environmental factors. The model can thus be used to calibrate optimum values of the parame- ters used in a simulation and thus show the most economical feed ration or any other such factor. The model should prove, after further calibration, useful in feedlot situations. The present model and optimization routines can now be used to predict results of management decisions. (Dortand-Iowa State) 0706 - Bl, F4 HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE WASTES IN CON- FINED SYSTEMS, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. J. A. Moore, «nd D. W. But*. Paper No. 69-93), presented at the 1969 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers at Chicago, Illinois. 9 p, 6 fig, S ref. Deicriptors: 'Farm waitei, 'Storage tanki, •Diipoul, Cattle, Treatment facilities Confine- ment peni, Labor, Structural design, Slurries. Storage, Wa»le dispoul, Waste treatment. Watte water treatment. Identifiers: 'Mechanization, 'Land spreading. Gutter cleaners, Bedding, Slatted floors. Increasingly complex systems for manure manage- ment of livestock operations have been developed. This complexity is mainly due to pressure from en- vironmental concerns and the need to reduce labor requirements in these operations. The develop- ment of manure handling systems in dairy opera- tions is reviewed. These systems range from hand labor systems to the more modern gutter cleaner where the system was completely mechanized to reduce labor to a minimum with a corresponding increaae in capital investments. Thcte systems are all based on the liberal ute of bedding to absorb the liquid from the wastes. The use of bedding in- volves the cost of obtaining the bedding and keep- ing il in place. Produced have begun to try to reduce these costs by reducing the use of bedding. Recently there has been an increaae in the use oi storage tanks under the floor and the use of slatted or partly slatted floors. If there was little or no bedding in the manure it would spread itielf in and out of the building storage tank, eliminating the need for a mechanical distribution system. The need to reduce odors and solids will bring about more efficient treatment systems in the future. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0707 - AS, D3 A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES TO CONTROL AMMONIA AND OTHER ODORS, Vineland Labs., Inc., NJ. Research Div. William Seltzer, Stanley O. Mourn, and Tevis M. Goldhaft. Poultry Science. Vol 48, No 6. p 1912-1918, November 1969.4 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: *0dor, 'Ammonia, 'Farm wastes. Air pollution. Poultry, Hogs,Cattle, Bactericides. Identifiers: Paraformaldehyde, Methogen. Odor control. "Manure odors. Discusses the use of flaked paruformaldehyde for direct treatment of animal wastes to prevent or eliminate the noxious gases from animal quarters. Paraformaldehyde is a mixture of polyox- ymethylene glycols containing 90-999 polymerized formaldehyde. Paraformaldehydc liberates formaldehyde gas as it decomposes. For many years ammonia gas has been used to neutral- ize formaldehyde gas. This work is predicated on using the principal in reverse. The action of the flake paraformaldehyde on the animal wastes was concluded to be both chemical and antimicrobial and these combined actions make it of value in the control of noxious odors and gases emanating as a result of bacterial fermentation. (Miner-Iowa State) 0708 - C3 TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINA- TIONS ON SWINE WASTE EFFLUENTS, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. I. W. D. Bobbins, G. J. Kriz, and D. H. Howells. Paper presented at the 1969 Winter Meeting Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, December 9-12,19*9. Paper No. 49-9M. 16 p. 9 fig, 19 ref. Deicriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biochemical oxygen demand. Hogs, Runoff, Lagoons, Confinement peas, Hydrogen ion concentration, Nitrates, Am- monia, Bacteria, Chemical oxygen demand, •Analytical techniques. Identifiers: 'Total Organic Carbon, Fresh manure. Total organic carbon measurements (using a Beckmaa 9ISTOC analyzer) were made on awine waste effluents to establish a rapid and accurate auxiliary method to substitute for and/or comple- ment the BOD test for determining degradable or- ganic contents and/or oxygen demand loadings. The standard BOD teat has very limited value for characterizing (resh swine waste and swine waste lagoon effluents although it baa considerable ap- plicability for more dilute swine wastes in land drainage. Toxic substances, high solids contents, and/or the requirements for high dilations in analyses are major factors in this regard. The TOC analysis provides a convenient, rapid, and de- pendable method for determining the amount and strength of wattes entering streams through land runoff from swine growing operation*. While the TOC can be useful in characterizing raw swine waste effluents, its utility for this purpose is presently limited by difficulties common to the standard BOD analysis. If a satisfactory relation- ship with oxygen demand could be developed, the TOC test would be a better pollution parameter than BOD. Conjunctive use of BOD and TOC parameters can be useful in characterizing twine wattes and waste waters, particularly when toxic materials and other factors limit the BOD test. The degree of BOD/fOC variability is one indication of wattewatcr consistency and the possible presence of toxic materials. Also, the BODrTOC ratio it nn indication of the ease of biodegradaUoa aad/or the degree of stabilization. (Buady-Iowa Slate) 0709 - A2, F3, F4 BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGE- MENT PROGRAM. Robert S. Ken Water Research Center, Ada, Okla. I. L. Witherow, and M. R. Scalf. Mimeo, April 1971. 2 fig. 1 tab, II ref. EPA Pro- gram 13040—04/71. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution sources, 'Regulation, Cattle, Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, Feed lots. Livestock, Confinement pens. The Environmental Protection Agency's beef cat- tle feedlot waste research has an objective to develop technically and economically feasible systems to abate the pollutional effects of con- fined beef production. Surveys show that the number of 1,000 head feedlots and the total number of cattle on feed are increasing while the number of small feedlots is decreasing. This change is in conjunction with a shift of feedlots from the midwest corn belt to the high plains area and the Southwest. A breakdown by states is given for the number of cattle on feed and the size of feedlots. Pollutional damages from large feedlota are cited. Implementing waste management systems in Kansas, Texaa, and Oklahoma is by recent laws and specific regulation adopted by agencies of these states. The design requirements are described. Lack of understanding by the feedlot operator and the number of enforcement personnel are major obstacles in implementation. Pollution control and labor cost may result in total environmentally controlled cattle feedlota becom- ing common during this decade. (EPA abstract) 0710 - Bl, Dl, El FARM ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL, Ontario Water Resources Commission, Toronto. Dhr. of Research. S. A. Black. Water Management in Ontario Research. Publica- tion No. 28, December 1967,36p. 1 fig, Stab, 44 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pent. Feed lota, Runoff, Nitrogen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Fertilizer, Economics. The theories and implications involved with the processing, treatment and disposal of farm animal wastes are described. Farm «"*'«•* wastes have been contributing polluting materials to waterways for many yean. The «*«nging nature of fanning in the very recent yean, however, has increased con- siderably the pollution potential of farm animal wastes. Since this change is stfll in process, nn in- tensive study into improving the methods and facilities for the disposal of farm animal wastes is wen justified, as the methods of disposal available to the farmer may well control the location and magnitude of his enterprise in the future. (Bundy- lowa State) 0711 - A4 THE NITRATE HAZARD IN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HOLT COUNTY, NEBRASKA, Geological Survey, Lincoln, Nebr. NebraEsk!bwlfier Survey. Paper 21. Univertity of Nebraska, Conservation and Survey Division, Lincoln, October 1967.18 p, 6 fig. IS ref. Deicriptors: 'Farm waitei, Feed loti, Nitrates, Wells, Well data, Well regulations. Percolating water. Pumping, Cattle, Water pollution sources, Water pollution. Identifiers: 'Infant feeding. High nitrate concentrations in drinking water an a potential health hazard and ihould be of concern to the user. They not only render the water unsafe for use in infant feeding but generally indicate that the supply is contaminated. Reports of high-nitrate water from several wells in northern Holt County prompted the Lincoln, Nebrttka, office of the U.S. Geotogic&J Survey to look into the problem - to determine its seriousness, define causes, and suggeit ways to cope with it. To augment the analytical information already oa file, water sam- ples were obtained from 71 wells for determination of the nitrate concentration. Concentrations rang- ing from O.I to 409 ppm (pant per million) were found. In order to predict whether i certain weD it likely to yield water containing nitrate derived from a nearby source, the rate the well will be pumped and the direction of groundwtter move- ment need to be known. The greater the rate of pumping, the greater the are* from which the pumped water will be derived. A well iniide or very close to a feedlot is likely to yield high-nitrate water whether the rate of pumping is imaD or large, whereas a well more distant from the feedlot may need to be pumped heavily for the high- nitrate water to be drawn into it. (Buody-Iowa State) 287 image: ------- 0712 — C2, C3, C4 CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE CHARAC- TERISTICS, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Colorado Graduate Student. E. M. Jex. Cattle Feedlot Waste Characteristics, Master of Science Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 1369, pp. 1-70, 17 flg, 13 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm Wastes, 'Feed Lots, Cattle, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Hydrogen Ion Con- centration. This study was undertaken to investigate the aqueous characteristics of cattle feedlot wastes. There -.vere two areas of investigation: 1) Bio- chemical oxygen demand (BOD) characteristics; 2) Conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, pH, dissolved solids, volatile solids, coagulation and foaming characteristics. The data and results reported here represent laboratory analysis of feedlot manure samples (combined urine and feces sample from feedlot pens) diluted with distilled water to varying degrees. A modifica- tion of the classical first stage BOD equation was developed which allows calculation of total BOD versus curves which closely approximate the experimental data. Equations were derived from the van't Hoff-Arrhenius relationship per- mit calculation of the BOD rate constant k and the ultimate combined demand L at any tem- perature. (Bundy • ISU). 0713 - C2, C3, C4, D4 Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept'of Agricul- tural Engineering. '•••n.™ A. C. Dale, and D. L. Day. Transactions of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineer., Vol. 10. No. 4. p 546-548. 1967,11 tig, o tab. Descriptors: 'Aerobic treatment, •Farm wastes Biochemical oxygen demand. Cattle. Nitrogen Phosphorus, Potassium, »Waste water treatment Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Volatile solids. Additional information on aerobic decomposition properties of dairy-cattle manure would be helpful m designing Pasveer ditch dairy-production units Information is needed on such characteristics as (a) percent of the volatile solids that can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water, (b) percent of solids that will be left in the ditch, and (c) BOD of the effluent An experiment was conducted with the above factors in mind. The following conclu- sions were drawn: (a) the greater the concentration of dairy cattle wastes added to an aerobic digestion chamber, the lower the breakdown of the volatile solids; (b) approximately 50 percent of the volatile solids will be decomposed in a retention time of 18-1/2 weeks when the daily added wastes amount to 1/2 percent of the volume. (Manure con- tained 12.5 percent dry matter.) (c) Approximately 46 percent of the volatile solids will be decom- posed in a retention time of 18-1/2 weeks when dairy cattle wastes are added at a rate of 1 percent of the volume of the aeration chamber daily, (d) The effluent, as indicated by the 5-day BOD, of an systems was reduced by more than 90 percent (e) Salts are concentrated to some extent, but they did not appear to retard bacterial action for the con- centrations obtained. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0714 - C4 EVALUATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM FECES, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. R. M. Sharma. and R. A. Packer. Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol 18, No 4, p 589-595, 1969. 6 tab, 25 ref. Descriptors: 'Salmonella, 'Farm wastes, *Cul- tures, Cattle, Hogs, 'Isolation. Identifiers: Brilliant Green MacConkey Broth, Tetrathionate Broth, Selenite Broth. A study conducted on 300 fecal samples from a cow and a pig, each artificially contaminated with approximately four. Salmonella organisms revealed that, of the three enrichment broths used in con- junction with the three selective media, the max- imum number of isolations were obtained with Bril- liant Green MacConkey broth (BOMB), followed by those obtained with tetrathionate (TTB), and the least with selenite broth. The combination of BOMB with Brilliant Green neutral red-lactose agar (BGNRLA), and TTB with desoxycholate citrate agar (DCA) gave an equal number of isola- tions. Of the three selective media used in conjunc- tion with the three enrichment broths, the max- imum number of recoveries were obtained on BGNRLA, followed by those on DCA, and least number of isolations on bismuth sulfite agar (BSA). The combination of selenite F broth-USA appeared to be somewhat inhibitory for the growth of Sal- monella organisms. Of the two selective media combinations, the DCA-BGNRLA combination yielded the highest number of isolations. The use of all three selective media gave still better results. (Miner-Iowa State) 0715 - F4 OVERALL PROBLEMS AND AN APPROACH TO DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTE, Cornell Univ., Ithaca. N.Y. Dept of Poultry Science. R.J. Young. In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management Seminar, Athens, Georgia. June 23.1970. p 1-5. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration, Forced drying, Oxidation lagoons. Odor, Runoff. Poultry, Economics, Waste disposal. As agricultural specialization, intensity, and productivity increased, problems of disposing of liquid, solid, and gaseous by-products greatly in- tensified. In addition to the conflict of interest over the environmental quality, is the mammoth problem of disposal of large amounts of solid waste which is not only extremely offensive but has the potential to pollute both surface and sub- surface waters. Investigations have been con- ducted on disposal systems, identification and control of odors, prevention of water pollution, removal of nutrients, rcuulizanbn of ••'•ml wastes either as fertilizers or feedstuffs, and new methods of waste management which can become economically part of the total production system. As to odors, some m««n«n agents were slightly ef- fective, although the best control was to prevent the formation of the odor compound. The oxida- tion ditch as wen as drying methods in treating animal wastes were also evaluated. (Bucdy-IowaState) 0716 - A8, D4 BIODEGRADATION OF POULTRY MANURE FROM CAGE LAYERS, Agricultural Research Service, Beluvflle, Md. Husbandry Research Div. C. C. Calvert, N. O. Morgan, R. D. Martin, and H. L.Eby. In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management Seminar, Athens, Georgia, June 23,1970, p 6-12,3 tab, 2 ref. Descriptors: Farm wastes, Waste disposal. Poultry, Odor, Biodegradation, Larvae, Nitrogen, Drying, Protein, Fertilizer. Identifiers: 'Pupae meal. An attempt has been made to degrade poultry manure to a relatively dry and odorless product, and at the same time produce some return over the cost of the investment The work utilizes the com- mon house fly to process and biodegrade manure from caged laying hens. Two stages of the house fly cycle - the larvae and pupae - are used. The fresh manure was seeded with bouse fly tain, ap- proximately 3 eggs/gm., and the eggs were allowed to batch and the larvae were allowed to tunnel and aerate the manure. The process results in deodorizing a very obnoxious product, reducing its moisture content and volume, and has produced byproducts in the form of high protein pupae meal and a potentially useful fertilizer and/or sou conditioner. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0717 - Cl, F5 PROCESSING PLANT SANITATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WASTE MANAGEMENT Cagle's, Inc.. Atlanta, Oa. J.K.Keim. In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management Seminar, Athens, Georgia, June 23, 1970. p 13-15. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Biochemical oxygen demand. Sewers, Municipal wastes • •Food processing industry. Water pollution sources. Industrial wastes. Identifiers: Processing plant sanitation. In processing plant sanitation there can be no half- way measures. There is no substitute for cleanli- ness in a food preparation establishment The problem has two main factors: the amount of pol- lutants in the effluent, and the amount of effluent itself. The blood during poultry processing creates a big problem. The two largest sources of blood are the bleeding alley and the contents of the vacuum lung tank. Some plants still have a con- tinous stream of water running over the floor while others permit it to accumulate and then at cleaning time push it into a gutter and wash it down to the separator. The majority of the blood handled in this way also ends up in the sewer, only a minor amount being sufficiently solid to fail to escape from the separator. If the plant is connected to a city sewer, the chances are very great that the charge is based on B.O.D. load. These charges would soon pay for equipment to reduce the load- ing. Relatively new cleaning systems utilize high pressure and small volume and make the cleaning operation more efficient (Bundy-Iowa State) 0718 - FS WATER UTILIZATION IN PROCESSING PLANTS. Agncultoral Research Service. Athens. Oa. Animal Products Lab. D. Hamm. ta: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management ' ' Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Biochemical *Food Identifiers: 'Poultry processing plant A poultry processing plant (PPP) today is a ravenous user of clean water. Water usage per bird processed more than doubled duringthe 8 year period from 1957 to 1965 - up fromaS to 7 taUc* avenge to a 12 to 15 gallon average. This mean, a total of 28 Ibs of input or 36 Ibs water pe7^Sd o? edible product Like all functioning biological systems, a PPP uses water to transport, disperse and to regulate temperature. Parts and wastes an water framed; water scalds the bird, washes it to disperse and transport wastes and debris; water cools it; and water cleans up the budding and equipment There are three general proMeni areas insofar as water in and from PPP's are concerned The problems are: (1) bow to cut down on volume: (2) how to reduce total watte loading; and (3) how to process the waste water before returning it to the environment. Research is needed to find wavs to reduce the quantity required in poultry processing plants. (Bundy- lows State) 288 image: ------- 0719 - A9, Bl, E3 FEEDING PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE USE OF POULTRY LITTER ON PASTURES, GEORGIA Univ., Athens. School of Veterinary Medicine. D.J. Williams. IB: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management Seminar, Athens, Georgia, June 23,1970. p 23. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Poultry, Cattle, Fescues, Pastures, 'Animal diseases, Fertilizer, Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Fat necrosis, Dead fat. Cattle grazing on tall fescue heavily fertilized with poultry house waste may be developing a condi- tion which tentatively has been called 'fat necro- sis' or 'dead fat,' among other things. Postmor- tems on cows snowed portions of the abdomen area covered with this very hard, chalky fat and in some instances this fat has completely closed the tmall intestines and surrounded kidneys, shutting off the urine process. Empirical evidence indicates that grain supplement 4-6 weeks prior to parturi- tion prevents the development of this condition. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0720 - A9, B3, E3 PROGRESS REPORT: PASTURE FERTILIZA- TION USING POULTRY LITTER, Agricultural Research Service, Watkinsville, Oa. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div. S. R. Wilkinson, W. A. Jackson, R. N. Dawson, and D. J. Williams, In: Proceedings Poultry Waste Management Seminar. Athens, Georgia, June 23,1970, p 24-29, 6ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal. Poultry, Litter, Fescues, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Fertility, •Animal diseases. Fertilizer. Identifiers: Nitrate poisoning. Grass tetany. Growing chickens and using the litter to produce extra grass and beef has been profitable. This practice has transformed the North Georgia countryside from eroded red clay to lush green grass by enhancing soil fertility, conservation, and wise land use. However, in some pastures where rates of litter applications have been high, animal health problems such as nitrate poisoning, grass tetany, and fat necrosis have appeared. The objec- tives were to produce under controlled and recorded conditions a tall fescue pasture heavily fertilized with broiler litter for the purpose of stu- dying cumulative effects of high rates of broiler litter fertilization on selected soil, plant, and animal parameters in a grazing ecosystem; includ- ing the development of potential animal health problems of nitrate poisoning, grass tetany and fat necrosis. The research has not yet been completed, but the trends indicate that each ton of broiler house litter supplies about 60 Ibs. of N, 30 Ibs. of K, 30 Ibs. of Ca, 8 Ibs. of Mg, and is an im- portant source of Zn, as well as micronutiients. The application of 14 tons of broiler house litter over a 363 day period has made some significant changes in soil chemical properties. Broiler manured fescue grass was consistently higher in total N than inorganic fertilized fescue except dur- ing the spring. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0721 - A3, A5, E2 HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AFFECT FARM EQUIPMENT DESIGN, Sperry Rand Corp., New Holland, Pa. R. M. Alverson. Agricultural Engineering, p 20-22, January 1971.3 lit Descriptors: Farm wastes, Fertilizers, Odor, Ru- noff, Nutrients, Equipment, 'Design, "Pollution abatement, 'Environmental effects, 'Farm equip- ment, Agriculture. Identifiers: 'Spreaders, Environmental trends. The two most prevalent environmental trends in the U.S. today are the demands for 'clean' water and 'pure* air. These trends have been precipitated by both federal and state legislation. The Water Quality Act of 196} (Public Law 89-234) was the first major federal legislation to force states to set minimum water quality standards and it established the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. Future design consideration will include environmental quality concepts such as noise and vibration reduction and increased aesthetics. Future machines must also meet legal requirements for environmental protection. Design engineers should consider the trends of the environmental movement in every country where their products are sold. Legal rulings, if not aesthetic values alone, may soon require that farm equipment and procedures be non-polluting. For .example, spreading manure on frozen or snow- covered ground causes a potential water pollution hazard. Odor problems with manure spreading are also prevalent. When manure is spread on the land, it may become mandatory to incorporate it into the soil. Fertilizer spreaders, pesticide ap- plicators and tillage implements also create un- wanted sources of nutrients, toxic chemicals and sediment. The environmental effects of these machines must be considered in their design. (Bun- dy-Iowa State) 0722 - C4 THE USE OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AS AN INDICA- TOR OF FECAL POLLUTION OF WATER, North Texas State Univ., Denton. Dept. of Biolog- ical Sciences; and Clemson Univ., S.C. Dept of Biological Sciences. R. Abshire, and R. K. Guthrie. Water Research, Vol 5, No 11, p 1089-1097, November 1971. Stab, 16 ref. Descriptors: 'Testing procedures, 'Sampling, 'In- dicators, Streptococcus, Fluorescence, Water quality. Sewage effluents, Runoff, Water pollu- tion sources, Bacteria, Pollutant identification. Identifiers: 'Fecal pollution. Streptococcus Fae-. cab's, 'Bacterial indicators. A slide method for use of fluorescent antibody identification of Streptococcus faecalis is described. This method permits S. faecalis of fecal origin to be distinguished from those soil and water forms which are able to reproduce in water. and sewage. Reactions were specific as confirmed by biochemical tests. Non-specific cross species fluorescence was readily removed by adsorption. Results indicate that this technique provides a method which will be useful in those pollution stu- dies which require rapid identification and quan- titation of organisms indicating fecal pollution. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0723 - E3 FEEDING VALUE OF CATTLE MANURE FOR CATTLE, Auburn Univ.. Ala. Dept. of Animal Science. W.Brady Anthony. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 30, No 2, p 274- 277,1970'. 6 tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Manure, Cattle, Feeds, Reuse. Identifiers: 'Cattle manure. Manure feeding, Manure utilization. Feed supplement. The objectives were to reappraise the feeding of manure-containing rations to fattening cattle and determine if cooking the manure improved it's feeding value. Rations containing wet cattle manure were readily consumed by fattening steers and these rations supported gain essentially equal to comparable cattle fed feeds without manure. Cooking or washing manure before mixing it with concentrate for feeding did not improve its feeding value. Carcass data were similar for manure-fed and other cattle. Wet manure collected daily per yearling steer was about 13.5 kg. (3.12 kg. dry matter) and about 6.6 kg. (1.52 kg. dry matter) was consumed daily. The digestibility data do not clearly indicate effective use of either manure ener- gy or manure crude protein. However the data show that manure did not impair digestibility and actually saved concentrate dry matter used per unit of gain. This indirect evidence strongly suggests that.manure was utilized to an appreciable degree for productive purposes. Feeding manure with con- centrate did not completely alleviate waste disposal problems. Only about one-half of the manure col- lected daily was fed. The remainder of the daily excretion had to be disposed of elsewhere. (Miner- Iowa State) 0724 - B2, E2 GUIDELINES TO LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE, Quelph Univ. (Ontario). L. R. Webber, T. H. Lane, and J. H. Nodwell. In: Proceedings Eighth Industrial Water and Wastewater Conference, June 6-7,1968, Lubback, Texas, p 20-34.1 fig. 4 tab. 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Poultry, Confinement peas. Phosphorus. Potassium. Nitrogen, Crops. Landfills, Anaerobic digestion. Crop response. Rates of application, Fertilization. Identifiers: 'Stockpiling, Incineration. An intensification in the trend to raise livestock and poultry under high-density confinement hous- ing has created problems in the disposal of liquid manures. Research is underway to produce guidelines that wfll assist producers in conforming to the pollution abatement laws in Ontario. The ob- jectives are: (1) to set forth the accessible areas that producers must have for the utilization and disposal of liquid manure without causing water. *ir. or sofl pollution; and (2) to test and to evaluate the guidelines by field and laboratory research and make, where necessary, revisions in the guidelines. Research has indicated that frequent and heavy applications of manure have resulted in a build-up in the sofl of phosphorus and potassium without causing reduction! in crop yield or con- tributing to the pollution of water supplied. A nitrogen balance for Ontario conditions is presented to show that crops of continuous com or grass could be expected to utilize up to 300 Ib N (from manure) per acre. Application rates greater than 300 Ibs N/acre could lead to a depression of crop yield and cause water contamination. (Bun- dy-Iowa State) 0725 - Al, B3, E3 POLLUTION CONTROL IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS THROUGH USE OF MANURE AS FEED, Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Animal Science; and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Au- burn. W.B.Anthony. In: Proceedings Eighth Industrial Water and Wastewater Conference, June 6-7,1968, Lubback, Texas, p 59. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Confinement pens. Cattle, Feeds, Feed lots. Silage, Grains. Identifiers: 'Fresh manure, Wastelage. Sanitation for cattle fed in confinement neces- sitates a satisfactory and economical means of disposing of manure. In initial tests, fresh manure was blended with a concentrate and fed to cattle from which it was collected. The blending ratio was 40 parts of manure and 60 parts of grain. Although the feeding of manure directly to the cat- tle from which it was collected proved to be not 289 image: ------- only poitible but economically advantageous in terrat of improved feed efficiency. Other ways of feeding cattle manure were investigated. The mik- ing and feeding of Wattelage evolved. Wastelage it made by combining feedlot manure with grass hay and itoring the mixture in a silo. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0726 - A2, B2, Fl ECONOMICS Or WATER POLLUTION CON. TROL FOR CATTLE FEEDLOT OPERATIONS, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Agricultural Economic!. T. R. Oweni, and W, L. Griffin. In: Proceeding! Eighth Induitrlal Water and Waitewater Conference, June 6-7,1MB, Lubbock, Texas, p 12-106.10 tab. Detcriptori: 'Farm waitei, Cattle, Feed Ion, Economici, Runoff, Rainfall, Deiign, Coiti, Water pollution control. Identifier!:'High Plain*. One approach to the problem of water pollution from feedlott involved control of runoff by eitabllihing collection baiini and lubiequently pumping the pollutant to an open land diipoial area. A tecond tuggetted solution wti i collection baiin of lufficient lize to hold polluted runoff until natural evaporation emptied the ayatem. Data from secondary source* were used to develop the relationship between inches of precipitation and resultant runoff. Subsequently, design criteria were developed for various lizei of mechanics! discharge and evaporative discharge collection systems. The various dtiign criteria wen then ap- plied to three different lizes of feedlots, a 3000 head lot, a 10,000 head lot and • 25,000 bead lot. Budgets were developed for each lot and for each system size and type, and total capital and annual operating coats were computed. The itudiet as- sumed that a part of the cost of operating any par- ticular system would be the penalty imposed for overflow on the bads of current law, this penalty ranges from a minimum of $50/day to a maximum of $1000/day. The analysis of rainfall data pro- vided an estimate of the number of overflows ex- pected with any size and type of system. Thus, the cost of overflow was quantified by multiplying the number of overflows by the appropriate penalty rate. Finally, minimum cost systems providing only minimum overflow protection were com- pared with higher cod systems providing max- imum overflow protection. Cost differences between the two system i were then evaluated to determine the increaie IB annual operating costs associated with additional protection. (Bundy- Iowa State) 0727 - A2, F5 EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DISCHARGES INTO FRESH WATER LAKES, Orange County Pollution Control Dept., Orlando, Fl*. C. W. Sheffield, and R. T. Kaleel. In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference, 25th, May 5,6, and 7,1970. Purdue University En- gineering Extension Series No. 137, Part 2, p 904- 913,5 fig, 4 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Drainage effects, •Denitrificition, •Eutrophication, Runoff, Nutrients, Bottom sedi- ments, Drainage water, Nitrates, Water manage- ment. Peat, Phosphites, Dikes, Canals, Nitrifica- tion, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'Pumping discharge, Surface leeching, Nutrient removal. Agricultural business haa increased along with de- mands for its products. In the United States most winter and spring vegetable crops are grown in the warmer climates of Florida, Texas, Arizona, and California. To obtain crop growth needed for max- imum production, land irrigation must be prac- ticed. In Florida most of this firming is on peat soil that was at one time lake bottoms. Land of this na- ture is either developed naturally or reclaimed by man through diking and canaling systems. The ef- fects of agricultural discharges, on receiving waters are discussed, including what is being discharged chemically and how it changes the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the receiving fresh water lakes. The effects of nutrient* into a lake are difficult to ascertain due to the effects of other nutrient source* inch a* sewage treatment plants, bottom recycling, rain- fall, runoff, and surface leeching. However, there i* a definite need to reduce turbidity, nutrients, and solids concentration in pumping discharge. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0728 - A5, Bl, D4 ODORLESS PORK PRODUCTION: FROM CON. CEPTION TO MARKET, Smart (Paul) Hog Firm, Lawrence, Kans.; and Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer- P. Smart, and R. E. McKinney. In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference, 25th. May 5-7,1970, Purdue University. Engineer- ing Extension Series No. 137, Pan 2, p 757-760,4 ret. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment, •Waste treatment. Hog*, Aeration, Confinement pens, Activated sludge, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Rotors, Odor, Anaerobic condition*. Identifier*: 'Swine confinement, Concrete slat*, Mechanical breakdown, Oxidation ditch. The world is faced with an ever-increasing popula- tion and an ever-increasing food demand. One of the most critical food demands is for high quality meat protein. It ha* been possible to meet the pork need* without intensified animal growing. But the future indicated that a change was needed. In the summer of 1945, a project began to take shape that was to result in • major hog growing operation which would set the pattern for • new concept in producing pork. It was proposed that • complete animal confinement system be constructed near Lawrence, Kansas, which would yield 10,000 mar- ketable hogs per year. This confined hog system was designed to provide the optimum environment for the animals from conception to market. One thing was apparent; no one had fully solved the problem of manure disposal. Odor nuisances created by hog manure, especially during removal and spreading, required location i considerable distance from other people, Biological concepts employed in waitewater treatment systems pro- vided the answers needed to solve the hog manure disposal problem. The system employed a system of aerobic treatment under slotted floors. (Dor- land-Iowa State) 0729 - A5f Bl\ D3 DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A PILOT PLANT FOR COMPOSTING POULTRY MANURE, Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology, R.G.BeU.andJ.Pos. Transaction* of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, Vol 14, No 6, p 1020-1023, Nov. Dec 1971,6fig,6ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, 'Poultry, •Waste treatment, Runoff, Air pollution, 'Pilot plants. Aeration, Operation, Design, Identifiers: 'Composting. A pilot plant for composting .poultry manure is described. The composting unit consisted of a closed cylinder mounted on a steel frame, fitted with an internal rotor driven by an electric motor through a power train. Air was supplied by a frac-> tional horsepower air compressor and was in- troduced into the composter through three manifold lines. Poultry manure can be composted, but the real question is whether composting reduces the pollution potential from poultry waste The compost as discharged from the pilot plant was dark brown in color, had a nitrogen content of between 1.3 and 1.5 percent (dry wt. basis) a moisture content near 50 percent and a strong smell of ammonia. The compost did heat up which was an indication that the material was not stabil- ized. Even after being left unattended for several months, compost piles did not develop objectiona- ble odors nor was there evidence of appreciable runoff during heavy rain storms. From these ob- servations, it is concluded that composting does reduce the pollution potential of poultry manure and would,,therefore, be a satisfactory way to treat manure prior to prolonged storage. (Bundy- Iowa State) 0730 - A4, C3, El AGRICULTURE'S EFFECT ON NITRATE POL- LUTION OF GROUNDWATER, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collini. Colo. B. A. Stewart, F. 0. Viets, Jr., and G. L. Hutchinson. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 23, No l,p 13-15, January-February, 1968,1 fig, 1 tab, 8ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrate, 'Water pollution, 'Fertil- izers, 'Soil profiles, 'Groundwater, 'Agriculture, 'Wastes, Alfalfa, Grasslands, Feedlots. Identifiers: Irrigated row crops, Domestic wells. Contributions of fertilizers applied to soil and wastes from concentrated livestock feeding opera- tions to pollution of groundwater were studied in the middle South Platte River Valley in Colorado, Amounts of nitrate moving through 129 soil profiles varied widely with land use, Average total nitrate N to a depth of 20 ft in Ibs/acre was 1436 under feed-lots, 506 under irrigated row crops, 261 under dryland row crops, 90 under native grass- land, and 79 under alfalfa. The average annual loss of N to groundwater under irrigated row crops was estimated at 25-30 Ibs/acre. Feedlots located near homesteads had much more effect on nitrate con- tent of water from domestic wells than did cropped land. (Skogerboe-Colorado State) 0731 - Bl, C5, E3 DISPOSING OF ANIMAL WASTES, Washington State Univ., PuUmani D. O. Turner. Crept and Sofli Magazine, p 10-11. February 1971. Descriptor*: Firm waste*, Dairy industry. Lagoons, Fertilizers, Runoff, 'Waste disposal. 'Wiahtaiton. »W«*te treatment. Waterreu*T^ Identifier*: Urban expansion. Hjadltog waitet from dairy and beef operation* Is difficult In Washington, a syitem wa* designed to handle the wastes from approximately 400dalry cattle. The location wu an alluvial flood plain which wa* lubject to frequent and tevere winter flooding. The wastes from the herd were scraped and flushed to a transfer pump where they could go directly to the field* or to the two winter storage lagoons, each of which have a capacity of one million gallon*. Waste material from the I to silage com and ryegrats with a sprinkler. Application was limited because of a thatch from by the fiber content of the manure which allowed surface runoff. Current recommendations are that dairymen should have one acre of disposal land for every two cows. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0732 - D4, E2 CLOSED SYSTEMS FOR ANIMAL SEWAGE TREATMENT, Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Water Resource* Research Center. J. T. Clayton. 290 image: ------- Completion Report FY 77-7, 1971 . 11 p, 22 ref. Deieripton: 'Farm wastes, 'Treitment facilities, Dairy industry, 'Waste treatment, Sub-surface ir- rigation, Tertiary treatment. Cattle. Solid waitei, water reuse, 'Waste disposal, Aerobic treatment. Stationary sloping screens were used to remove up to 75% of the solids in diluted dairy cattle manure. Two bench-scale aerobic treatment systems were then used to treat screened effluent. Two replicate systems, one using distilled water and one using 'system final effluent to dilute incoming manure were used to determine the effects of renovated water reuse. BOD reductions greater than 95% and COD reductions greater than 90% were obtained in «]1 systems. No adverse effects of water reuse were found. Phosphate level was not affected and there was no appreciable build-up of fecal colifonn or fecal streptococcus. A one-cow scale modified activated sludge system was used to treat 120 pounds of manure and 66 gallons of dilution water daily for more than six months. The final ef- fluent was disposed of by a sub-surface irrigation ivstem. Plastic nozzles were found satisfactory to release the liquid to the soil, BOD and COD were further reduced by about 93% in the tertiary treat- ment system (sou). Best performance was ob- tained in the two treatments in which activated 'sludge effluent was periodically applied to the soil. 0733 - A2, Bl, Dl. El ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN BEEF FEEDLOTS, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A F. Butchbaker. J. B. Carton, O. W. A. alaboney, M. D. Paine, and A. Wetmore. Paper number SWR 71-403 presented at 1971 An- nual Meeting Southwest Region ol the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Sequoyah State Park. Oklahoma. April 1-2, 1971. 20 p, 3 fig. 1 tab, 16 ref. FWQA Grant 13040 FXO. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Runoff. 'Solid wastes, Confinement pens. Disposal, Farm lagoons, *Waste disposal. Cattle, Cost com- parisons, 'Waste storage, 'Design criteria. Feedlots. Identifiers: 'Cattle feedlots, Runoff treatment. Mechanical removal. During the 1960'a, the number of fed cattle mar- keted in the United States increased from 13 mu- tton to 25 million. This increase in fed cattle produced resulted in a corresponding increase in waste production. Daily manure production of a beef animal is about 6ft of his body weight. The object waa to develop open beef feediot design criteria to minimize pollution from runoff wastes and to facilitate handling of solid and liquid animal waste and to examine alternative feediot waste disposal systems to determine minimum cost systems for effective waste disposal. Six tyiums of waste handling were investigated ; tractor loader and dump truck, commercial loader and dump tnick, tractor loader and pull spreader, commer- cial loader and spreader truck, rotary scraper, and an elevating scraper. Several types of runoff con- trol systems were also Investigated; solids settling and detention, solids settling and lagoon, detention and lagoon, detention pond only, broad base de- tention, and batch detention. The characteristics of the solid waste material and the changes it un- • ' g storage in a feediot wen also stu- F-Iowa State) 0734 - A3, C5, Dl TATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE PROBLEMS, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. R I Upper, J. R. Miner, and 0. H. Larson. Paper presented at Oklahoma Cattle Feeders Seminar, February 2-3. 1967, Stillwater, Oklahoma. 9 p, 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lots. Runoff, •Sprinkler irrigation. Water pollution, Cattle, •Kansas, Coliforms, Water reuse. Identifiers: 'Impounding. Cattle feediot runoff became recognized as a problem in Kansas during the late 1950's. In- cidents of septic streams and fishkills were noted immediately following rainfall in areas where no known municipal of industrial waste discharges existed, and where chances of insecticide and her- bicide residues seemed remote. To study feediot runoff, two experimental feedlots were con- structed. One was entirely surfaced with concrete; the other had concrete only around feed hunks. Rather than wait for natural storms, simulated rainfall was provided through six part-circle irriga- tion sprinklers spaced at the periphery of the lots. •The tint method for control of runoff to be stu- died involves impounding the runoff water until it can infiltrate adjacent land without producing further runoff. New animal research facilities are being planned at Kansas State University. Funds are being sought to incorporate research systems for processing total waste production from animals reared in several covered pens with concrete floors. Hopefully results will be used in setting standards for cattle feedlots. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0735 - C2, C3, C4, D4 SECONDARY TREATMENT OF HOG WASTE IN AN ANAEROBIC STABILIZATION POND, North Dakota Water Resources Research Inst., Fargo. RobertC. Butler. North Dakota Water Resources Research Institute Report WI-22I-OII-69, December. 1969. 35 p, 4 fig, 11 tab, 44 ref. OWRR Project A-010-NDAK( I). Descriptors: 'Anaerobic conditions, Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Oxidation lagoons. Farm wastes, 'Bacteria, Waste water treatment, 'Anaerobic bacteria, Photosynthetic bacteria, Microorganisms, Chemical analysis. Identifiers: 'Hog wastes. This study relates the physical and chemical characteristlci of the contents of an anaerobic sta- bilization lagoon to the bacteria that are responsi- ble for the stabilization of the waste. The lagoon Is fed by effluent from a settling tank that receives wastes from a hog barn. The lagoon operated as an unheated digester and maintained a pH between. 7.2 and 8.1. The Redox potential varied from -370 to -403 millivolts. The mean concentration of volatile acids was 403 mg/l. The average level of BOD for the lagoon water was 566 mg/l. A BOD loading of 3,250 pounds per acre per day did not produce lagoon failure. Sulfate reducers were grown on Postgate's Media E. Methane producing organisms were detected. Photosynthetic organ- Isms were grown on two different media. 0736 - A9, C4, Bl SALMONELLA IN WASTES PRODUCED AT COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS. Rutgers • The SUM Univ., New Brunswick, N J. D. J. Kraft, Carolyn Olechowski-Oerhardt, J. Berkowitz, and M. S. Finsteln. Applied Microbiology, Vol 18, No S, p 703-707, November 1969.4 tab, 13 ref. pics of freshly voided excreta from 91 poultry houses were tested qualitatively for salmonella. Twenty-six (29%) were positive. Of the 36 farms tested, 18 showed positive samples. In a separate quantitative study salmonella densities ranged from less than I to over 34,000 per gram excreta (dry weight). Those samples from floor and caged bird* were comparable with respect to the incidence of salmonella. As shown in a qualitative survey there were distinct differences. High densities of the pathogens were found in fresh excreta from caged but not floor birds. It is concluded that the spread- ing of these wastes could have disseminated sub- stantial numbers of salmonella onto the soil possibly lending to the contamination of water via i surface run-off It is suggested that the recently developed plow-furrow-cover method of manure application may be advantageous in burying the waste thereby preventing its transport by surface run-off. (Hancuff-Texas) 0737 - C3, D4 REDUCTION OF NfTROGEN CONCENTRA- TIONS IN SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT BY BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. l.K.Koelliker, and J.R. Miner. In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference, 25th, May 5-7,1970, Purdue University. Engineer- ing Extension Series No 137, Part 1, P 472-480, 6 tab. 11 ref. PHS Grant EC 00283-02. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes •Denitrification •Biological treatment, Hogs, Liquid wastes, hi- fluents. Nitrogen. Anaerobic conditions, Irriga- tion, Lagoons. Aerobic conditions. Oxidation- reduction potential, 'Waste treatment, Waste Identifiers: Carbon source, Anaerobic lagoons. Conventional schemes that treat .liquid animal wastes are designed to reduce organic material^and to reduce solids volume before ««•»*•£"* Removal of nitrogen by such operations is IB£ cidental. If such lagoon effluent were released into the environment, problems would anse «»««« quantities of nitrogen remaining. Becausei of fcese problems, or potential problems, willwngaUon disposal of anaerobic swine lagoon e"™*"'1 ». study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of reducing nitrogen concentrations before image: ------- nonlinear differential equations using analog com- puter simulation. Since the feedlot runoff system does not generally remain at steady state, a dynam- ic model can represent the system more realisti- cally than a static model. For a system of three parameters, fitting data by an analog simulation can be used effectively when high accuracy is not required. However, for a complex system with a large number of unknown parameters, the analog simulation approach can be very tedious and time consuming. The quasi-linearization technique is shown to be a useful tool for estimating parameters in a feedlot runoff system. The advantage of the quasilinearization technique is that, if the process converges, it converges quadratically. This technique has been proved useful not only in parameter estimation, but also in solving nonlinear boundary value problems in partial and ordinary differential equations. The quasilinearization technique also has disadvantages; two of the most important ones are the ill-conditioned problems and the convergence problem. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0739 - A4, A9, C3 NITRATE AND WATER, Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Soils. M. Christy, J, R. Brown, and L. S. Murphy. Science and Technology Guide, University of Mis- souri Extension, Columbia, p 9808-9809, March 1965,2 fig. ttab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Nitrogen, Fertilizers, Legumes, Missouri, Alfalfa, Livestock, 'Water poOutioo sources, 'Nitrates, 'Public health. Nitrates in some water supplies have caused con- cern. A statewide survey showed that animal manure!, inadequate sewage systems, and soil or- ganic matter comprised the primary sources of nitrate in water supplies. Even though nitrate has been found in shadow wells all over the state, the largest percentage of such wells have been found in areas with greatest livestock numbers. Other sources include the nitrogen from legumes and fer- tilizers. Ponds usually have a low nitrate level. On the other hand, water of springs contains nitrate, thought to originate from natural soil leaching! and bat guano deposits in nearby caves. The annual flow of some large springs may contain many times more nitrate-nitrogen than the total fertilizer nitrogen used annually in Missouri. The reason for concern is potential health hazards. Nitrate can be especially hazardous to infants. One problem is that boiling will not remove nitrates. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0740 - Bl PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE DUNGING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN CONFINEMENT, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. rp. Hultgren, and T. E. Hazen. Paper number MC 71-101 presented at the 1971 .Mid-Central Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph. Missouri, April 16-17.1971.15p, 5fig, 1 tab, lOref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Animal behavior, •Design criteria. Hogs, Training, Environmental effects, Light intensity. Temperature, Photog- raphy, Confinement pens, 'Odor. Identifiers: Dunging behavior. Time-lapse photog- raphy, Statistical analysis. Each year in the United States, an increasingly larger volume of hogs are produced in confine- ment. Greater and greater emphasis is being placed on the control of offensive odors. Pen and pig cleanliness are important in odor control. Both are largely dependent on defecation behavior and fecei placement. A research project was initiated to determine if pigs had a predictable defecation pattern and what housing design factors might in- fluence this behavior. Time-lapse photographic observations on 180 pigs indicated that they spend an average of 81.1 percent of each 24-hour period sleeping, 7.6 percent standing, 10.0 percent eating, 0.9 percent drinking, and 0.4 percent defecating. Tested for effect on the dunging behavior were 3 levels each of air temperature and lighting, and 3 locations of air placement When statistically analyzed, the treatment differences were seldom significant. The pigs developed some established activity patterns, however, which provide a basis for improved building design and sanitation. (Dor- land-Iowa State) 0741 - A2, Bl, F2 RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CON- TROL OF WATER POLLUTION FROM LIVESTOCK CONFINEMENT FACILITIES AND GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SEALED EVAPORATION AND RETENTION PONDS. Colorado Department of Health, Water Pollution Control Commission, Denver, April 10,1968,11 p, 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots, Confine- ment pens, 'Colorado, Lagoons, Regulation, •Water pollution control. The Colorado Water Pollution Control Commis- sion established rules for the prevention of water pollution from livestock confinement facilities in the state of Colorado. Guidelines established by the commission are included. Some of them per- tain to preliminary considerations, pond surface area, pond storage volume, discharge and percola- tion, and pond shape, pond fencing and main- tenance, land disposal system, embankments and dikes, pond bottom settling tank and biological treatment. (Wallin-Iowa State) 0742 - A9, C4 INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS: COMPARATIVE FREQUENCIES OF ISOLA- TION FROM FECES AND ORGANS OF BROOK TROUT (SALVBUNUS FONTINALIS), Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology. C. Frantsi, and M. Savan. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vol. 28, No. 7, p 1064.1065,1971.1 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: *Fi*h diseases. 'Brook trout, •Viruses, Trout, Fish, Bacteria. Fish hatcheries, Fisheries, Pish management. Pollutant identifica- tion. Identifiers: 'Stress, Feces, Organs. Infectious pancreatic, 'Necrosis virus. When isolation of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus was attempted simultaneously from feces and organs of brook trout, the virus was iso- lated more frequently from organs than from feces. However, the greater the degree of stress on the fish, the closer the number of isolations from feces appeared to approach that from organs, and the virus was isolated from both organs and feces of each of 10 fish accidentally exposed to tow ox- ygen concentration for 4 days. The findings sug- gest that masked viral and bacterial infections may be detectable if fish are plaed under stress. (Dor- land-Iowa State) 0743 - Bl, Fl GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING COMMER- CIAL FEEDLOTS IN KANSAS, Kansas State Univ.. Manhattan. Cooperative Ex- tension Service. D. B. Ericksoa, and P. A. Phar. Kansas State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Number C-418, (April 1970). 30 p. 2 fig, 20 tab, 15 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Feed lots. Cattle. Economics, Irrigation, Feeds, Runoff, Kansas, Cost analysis. Guidelines are provided on costs of financing and constructing feedlots. The development of large feedlots handling 10,000, 20,000 and 30.000 head has been inspired by economic! of scale and very favorable cattle and feed prices. The average in- vestment for a 10,000 head capacity lot would be about $43.15 per head, while for a 30,000 head capacity lot the requirements drop to about S33.87 per head. The total feed and operating cost per head for each size feedlot is: 10,000 head - $(5.36; 20,000 head - $83.89; 30,000 head - $82.24. The ex- pansion of the large feedlots in Kansas will depend • on the availability of feed, water, labor and cattle. Some areas will have the capacity to expand faster than others depending on existing grain production and development of irrigation. Shipping grain a considerable distance adds to cost of production. Knowledge of the number of cattle and hogs to be fed, crop production and the location of the mar- ket that will return the greatest income to the cattle. owners is necessary for an assessment of the local potential for a feedlot. Expansion of the packing industry areas where feeding is increasing creates a greater opportunity for producers to sell their cattle. (B undy-Iowa State) 0744 — Al, F3, F5 ANIMAL SLAUGHTER AND PRO- CESSING, National Industrial Pollution Control Council, Washington, D. C. S. S. Cross, H. W. Renaker. Animal slaughtering and Processing National Industrial Pollution Control Council, Sub-Coun- cil Report February, 1971, 14 p. Descriptors: 'Farm Wastes, "Industrial Wastes, Air Contamination, Solid Wastes, Wastewater, Regulation!, By-Products. Identifiers: 'Rendering, Animal Processing Wastes, Poultry and Animal Product*. The United States poultry and animal products Industries include approximately 7,500 establish- ment*, The pollution problems of these Industrie! cover the normal range of water, air, and solid pollutants. Substances collected in the process water include organic matter from 'blood, meat, or paunch contents, fats, oils, grease, nutrients, and dissolved Inorganic solids. The rendering industry considers objectionable odors from edible and Inedible rendering opera- tions as Its primary pollution problem. Ground manure ii the principal solid waste from feed- lot operations. New technology is needed to de- velop* a standard water sampling procedure, design a program to identify where nu- trient losses are occurlng In processing opera- tions, and design a program to study the ef- fects of reduced water usage. The poultry and livestock - based industries have long demon- strated an awareness and a concern for envi- ronmental problems and have voluntarily Initiated programs to develop corrective procedures. Gov- ernment policies should continue to encourage and assist these Industries in the identification and solution of major pollution problems. (Schmitt - ISU). 0745 - F4 ANIMAL WASTES. National Industrial Pollution Control Council, Washington, D.C. Staff Report, February 1971.15 p.t fig, 2 tab, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Industrial wastes. Flow control. Byproducts, Waste storage. Pollu- tion abatement. Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'Animal processing wastes, Render- ing. Increased pollution from animal wastes is at- tributable to two of the fundamental factors be- hind most pollution problems - population in- crease and the adoption of more efficient produc- tion or processing methods. Farm animals produce 292 image: ------- over one billion tons of fecal waates and 400 mil- lion tons of liquid excrement per year, with a human population of BOD equivalent of over 2 bu- Uon persons. Animal processing waates frequently include blood, paunch contents, and clean-up materials. Only about 40% of a beef animal .lauahtered for human food is considered edible. The rendering process, which Involves the cooking of various types of carcass materials, is a signifi- cant source of pollution. Remedial actions being undertaken to deal with the animal waste problem include construction of water diveraion structures •round livestock feedlots and excrement collec- tion in large storage tanks for later return to the land Currently, research is under way to assess the use of chicken Utter as • feed for ruminants. Pollution control in the meat packing industry is largely a matter of 'by-product recovery. Blood recovery, paunch handling, edible rendering, in- edible rendering, and clean-up are the five key recovery processes. Completely enclosed animal factories with complete control of inputs and out- nuts are expected to become a reality in the not too distant future. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0746 - D4, E3, Fl RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY Lake Tah'oc Area Council, Tahoe City, Calif. O L Dugan.C.G.Golueke, and W.J.Oswald. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Voi. 44 No 3 p 432-440, March 1972, 3 fig, 2 tab. 9 ref. EPA Grant 5R01 U100566-03. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Poultry, Nitrogen, Laaoons, Pumping. Aerobic treatment. Biochemi- cal oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand. Nutrients, 'Waste treatment, 'Algae, Costs. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch. Hydraulic manure handling. An integrated waste management system was developed in which animal enclosure sanitation. was integrated with waste treatment. It \vas a lar- «e|y closed hydraulic system involving an anaero- bic phase and an aerobic phase in which oxygena-. Son could be accomplished either by the nhotosynthetic activity of algae or by mechanical aeration. When photosynthetic oxygenation was used algae were harvested. The range of applica- tion of the process is from small-scale to large- scale operations. Algae reclamation would be. practiced in large-scale operations and induced aeration in smaller ones. An important operational feature of the system is to keep the solids content of the manure slurry to less than 3 percent, wet weicht At concentrations of 3 percent or less, 70 oercent or more of suspended solids in manure Hurries settle out of suspension in less than 30 min Pond depth should not exceed 12 in. (30.5 cm)! The indicated pond area per bird was 2 sq. ft. (019 sq- 01.). An economic evaluation based on an ./•.muled system of 100,000 egg layers and the ap- nlication of the low-loading, high-cost, and over- Seiianed components used in the research in- dicates that the waste-handling costs of the system would be at the most, $0.02/dozen eggs. If the value of the algal crop were credited to the opera- tion the net waste-handling cost would be about $0 01/dozen eggs. (Bundy-Iowa State) perties, Control systems, Economic feasibility, By-products, 'Feed lots. Cattle. Identifiers: Population equivalents, Pollution potential. In the 32 leading cattle-feeding states there are about 200,000 cattle feedlots. In 1967, the 22 mil- lion cattle produced in these feedlots produced about 200 million Ib/day (dry weight) of manure. The control practices employed in a given region or state may be necessary and effective in that area but be unnecessary or ineffective in another, area. The form of the wastes as they enter the en- vironment may bear only a slight resemblance to what they are like when fresh. The manure accu- mulation on the feedlot surface is one waste-the, runoff is another. The expressioifot animal waste quantities in terms of human population equivalents is very misleading, the important fac- tor is the amount and characteristics of the materi- al that actually enters the stream. The steps that should be involved in solving feedlot waste problems are: (1) Can the waste volume and/or strength be reduced at the source. (2) Can the physical,- chemical, and biological characteristics of the waste be improved at the source. (3) Is it possible and feasible to recover by-products from the waste. (4) What systems will most economi- cally accomplish the necessary degree of waste control or treatment. Management of the manure and the runoff are discussed. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0748 - A5, A6, C3, D4 THE ELIMINATION OF ODOUR FROM THE EFFLUENT GASES OF CHICKEN MANURE DRYING PLANT, Loughborough Univ. of Technology (Ontario). A. S. Hodgson. Journal Agriculture Engineering Research, Vol. 16, No. 4, p 387-393, December 1971,3 fig, 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Odor, Dehydration, 'Drying, Feed, 'Waste treatment. Identifiers: Pilot experiment. Waste gas. Scrubber, Cyclone separator. Practical means of reducing odor from a chicken manure drying plant waste gas stream were in- vestigated. The cause of the odor and possible means of removal from the waste gas were stu- died. Although odor removal was possible, the cost is high. The problem should be considered during the plant design stage. A chicken manure drying plant must be designed initially with the problem of effluent gas odor of primary im- portance. For the plant studied, operation was consistent with the operating manual. Recycle rates were lower than expected which may in- crease the odor problem. The odor in the gas stream from the chicken manure plant is caused by ammonium salts of carboxylic acids, free acids and neutral material and possibly other material. The drying of chicken manure must be accom- plished in a system which does not produce gase- ous effluent with strong odor. The ultimate result of not considering the odor problem at the initial design stage is to risk having the plant shut down as a public nuisance. A closed system is probably the only satisfactory method for overcoming this problem. Modifications to a plant for odor removal are difficult and expensive. (Bundy-Iowa State) treatment. Identifiers: 'Oxidation ditch, Foaming, Rotor aeration. Laboratory tests on aeration of hog wastes in- dicated that it might be feasible to develop an ox- idation ditch in a confinement swine house. With this method, self-cleaning slotted floors could be used without objectionable gases and odors com- ing from the gutter.- Eighty pigs averaging 120 pounds were used. The gutter was filled with tap water, and 100 gallons of activated sludge from the Urbana waste-treatment plant was added as an in- oculum at the beginning of the test. The major problem was foaming which began during the fifth week of operation. On the basis of an electricity rate of 2 cents per kilowatt hour, the power to furnish the proper oxygen supply costs about a half a cent per pig per day. During the second test, a rotor with a 3/4-horsepower motor was used to supply 0.9 pounds of oxygen per pig per day. Foaming was not as serious as during the first test. On the second test, an ammonia odor was very evident in the building, and appeared to be coining from the aerated waste. This odor subsided, how- ever, during the ninth week and did not recur. Be- fore the oxidation ditch can be unconditionally recommended for swine confinement buildings, several problems must be solved. The most im- mediate of these is the control of foaming. (Bundy- Iowa State) 0750 - D4 LAGOONING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES IN SOUTH DAKOTA. South Dakota State Univ.. Brooltings. Dept. of Civil Engineering. J. N. Dornbush, and I. R. Andersen. In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference, 19th, 1964, Part 1. p 317-325. 2 fig, 2 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Lagoons, Anaerobic conditions, Aerobic conditions. Poultry, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Ammonia, Nitrogen, 'South Dakota, Waste water treatment Identifiers: 'Dry solids, Volatile solids, Cages. Current studies of lagoons in South Dakota have elucidated some of the basic factors influencing the design and operation of farm manure lagoons in a northern climate. To serve as an economical final method of disposal of farm manures, the lagoons must maintain anaerobic biological action and should be loaded on a volatile solids (VS) basis as are other sludge digesters. A loading rate of five to 10 Ibs of VS per 1,000 cu. ft. of lagoon volume has been found satisfactory where winter condi- tions result in storage of manures for prolonged •periods. Mixing the lagoon contents to disperse sludge deposits appears essential to avoid offen- sive odors. An adequate water depth to facilitate mixing is desirable and lagoon depths of five to eight ft. warrant consideration. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0751 - E3, F4 ANIMAL WASTE VALUE-NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Au- 0747 - Bl ALTERNATIVES IN CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT, Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil Engineering. R R. Dague. In- Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference. i«ih May 5-7, 1970, Purdue.University, Engineer- in^ Extension Series No. 13*7, Part 1. p 25S-265. 1 Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment. •Design criteria, Runoff, Waste water disposal, Waste water treatment, Waste disposal, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Biological pro- 0749 - AS, B2, D4 ROTOR AERATION OF SWINE WASTES, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- Bnee ring, . L. Day, J. C. Converse, and D. D. Jones. Illinois Research, University of Illinois Agricul- tural Experiment Station, p 16-17, Spring, 1968,4 Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation, Aeration, Hogs. Gases. Odors. Confinement pens. Am- monia, 'Waste water treatment. Costs, Waste 4> Aprfl Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, Swine, Cat- tle, Feed fou/»Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Packing house wastes. Livestock organic waste far exceeds the oraanic waste output of the human population intte Umted States. Livestock wasted tte converted into a great resource but most waste management research is concerned with humans However some research has been done on using 293 image: ------- waste as a feed or feed component. Tests have been made on the feeding of autoclaved poultry manure (APW). cooked poultry manure (CPW). and soybean meal (SBM) to wethers and steers. Poultry manure has also been used indirectly for chick feed. In Britain, the feeding of poultry manure to sheep and cattle seems to have been widely accepted. In addition to poultry, waste management research has been carried out on pigs and cattle. Dried pig feces have been inserted into swine finishing rations and have been fed to swine. Steer manure has been an acceptable component of swine rations and in recent years has also been used for cattle feeding. The feeding of steer manure to cattle has proven satisfactory because it (t) largely eliminated noxious accumulation of manure in the feedlot, and (2) improved the effi- ciency of the cow as a converter of feed to human food. To avoid harvesting steer manure each day to blend with the grain prior to feeding, the wastelage concept was developed. Wastelage is the conversion of feedlot manure into silage. Manure may also be made useful for feed by yeast fermentation or by lactic acid fermentation. (Bun- dy-Iowa State) 0752 - Bl, Fl ROLE OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION SER- VICE IN DESIGN OK FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, Soil Conservation Service, Lincoln, Neb. D. R. ValUcott. (1970), 2 p. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Design criteria, Con- struction costs. Cost sharing, •Standards, Runoff Government supports. Identifiers: *Feedlot runoff, 'Soil Conservation Service, Runoff control. The SoU Conservation Service works with fanners and ranchers in the planning and installation of soil and water conservation practices on their farms or ranches and, since feedlot runoff control can be effected by the installation of a system of conser- vation practices, it comes within the scoop* of Soil Conservation Service responsibility. Assistance to the fanner or rancher comes from three sources: the Extension Service, the Soil Conservation Ser- vice, and the Agricultural Stabilization and Con- servation Service for cost sharing where applica- ble. The Soil Conservation Service has, based on its knowledge in the design and performance of certain conservation practices, prepared an En- gineering Standard and Specification for what has been termed 'Feedlot Runoff Control'. The stan- dard has been prepared using what are considered proven methods and procedures. It is anticipated that improvements will be made as other methods and procedures are proven to be sound. (Dorland- lowa State) 0753 — E3, Fl MANURE CAN BE PROCESSED AND SOLD AT A PROFIT Agricultural Extension Service. University ol California, Los Angeles. J. Van Dam, and C. A. Perry. A Publication of the Dow Chemical Company, The Practicing Nutrionlst, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 40 * 42. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feedlot, •cattle, market value, waste disposal. Identifiers: "Los Angeles County, Composting, stockpiling, packing cost. A study to determine the actual cost of removal and disposal of manure from a bed feedlot In Los Angeles County was made by the Agri- cultural Extension Service, Manure was prepared for marketing in three bade forms and sold un- der four pricing conditions. Manure processing. packaging and marketing began wltU the mound- Ing of the manure In the corrals, followed by its removal to a compose stockpile. Based on the volumes of the different product forms handled in the feedlot studied, the composted unprocessed manure had the greatest market potential. However, the processed bulk product had the greatest net revenue based on net re- turns, product form volumes and weighted aver- age price, leu total costs. While this study was not intended to determine the market for ma- nure, It did determine that there was a market (or various product forms - all within a com- petitive price range, and it Is probable that a feedlot operator can make a profit from the sale of manure. (Bundy - ISU). 0754 - A3. Bl, Dl. El WASTE WATERS FROM FARMS. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Notes on Water Pollution No. 17, June, 1962,4 p, Href. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Irrigation, 'Watte disposal. Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen, Biological treatment, 'Waste water treatment Identifiers: 'Soakaways. Disposal of waste waters from farms has become a major problem as farmers have turned away from bedding down animals. Methods of disposal sug- gested include irrigation on land, soakaways, discharge to a sewer, and biological treatment and discharge to a stream. Silage liquor, herbicides, and pesticides all create a disposal problem. Con- sulting the local water quality authorities is usually the best procedure before attempting to dispose of liquors capable of water pollution. (Wattin-Iowa State) 0755 - Bl, D4, E2 FEED LOT WASTE IN FLORIDA, Orange County Pollution Control Dept., Orlando, Fla.; and Soil Conservation Service, Orlando, Fla. C. W. Sheffield, and B. Seville. In: Proceedings, Industrial Waste Conference, 25th, May 5, 6, and 7,1970. Purdue University En- gineering Extension Series No. 137, Part 2, p 914- 918,1 fig. Descriptors: 'Waste treatment, 'Biological treat- ment, 'Waste disposal. Subsurface drains, Sprin- kler irrigation, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion. Dairy industry. Cattle, Biochemical ox- ygen demand, Turbidity, Retention, 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lots. Costs. Identifiers: Grit chambers, Polishing ponds, Sand traps. The problems associated with animal waste disposal are becoming tremendous compared to just a few years ago. An increased number of animals has created a problem of wastes front feedlots. It has been estimated that animal waste is ten times that from human waste, or approximate- ly 55 pounds of manure per person would be one way of estimating the amount of manure from a feedlot operation. Therefore, it could be assumed that approximately two pounds per day of BOD as runoff is associated per steer or cow. Various methods of treating animal wastes from feedlot operations were reviewed and the most practical and economical means of treating the waste from dairy and beef cattle was determined. Construc- tion and maintenance costs for a waste treatment facility for 800 dairy cows is presented. The treat- ment method consists of a grit chamber followed by an anaerobic pond, then an aerobic pond and a polishing pond. The effluent is discharged through a three to five acre sub-surface drain and a five acre spray irrigation system. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0756 - Bl, F3 SWINE-WASTE MANAGEMENT, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. D.G. Jedele, and D. L. Day. Paper No. 69-934, presented at the 1969 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers at Chicago, Illinois, 4 p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Legal aspects, •Design criteria, Hogs, Odor, Treatment facilities. Water pollution. Water quality, Design standards. Specifications. 'Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Odor control. Stream pollution, Guidelines. Producers of livestock are experiencing difficul- ties in the design of waste treatment facilities. These producers, motivated by a desire to avoid lawsuits or a desire to be good neighbors, are hard pressed to determine exactly how much treatment and what type of treatment is needed to prevent objectionable odors and stream and groundwater pollution. Most references and guidelines contain terms such as 'if you are not too close to your neighbors' and 'they sometimes release objec- tionable odors.' Producer! want to know such things as how close is close and just how objec- tionable are the objectionable odors. Producers need to know their chances of being the object of a lawsuit or producing runoff that will result in pol- lution to water. Some type of guideline is needed to tell a producer what type of treatment be needs to satisfy his circumstances. (Dorland-Iowa State) 0757 — B2, C5. D4 AEROBIC TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTE Research Associate, University of Dllnoia, UP bana. R. L. Irgene, and D. L. Day. In: Illinois Research, University of Illinois Ag- ricultural Experiment Station. Fall IMS. pp. 14 - IS, 2 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm Wastes. Aerobic Treatment, Swine, Confinement Pens, Aeration, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand. ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, hydrogen Ion Con- centration, Odor. Identifier*: 'Moorman Swine Research Farm, A laboratory investigation was made to deter- mine: How well can swine waste, which Is more concentrated than municipal waste, be stabilized by aerobic treatment. How much most the liquid manure be diluted to obtain satisfactory results? How much air is required for the process of aerobic stabilization? Aerobic treatment of swine waste proved to be odor free and did not attract flies. Carbon dioxide was the only gas produced. The effluent had a low BOD, 12 to 20 ppm which will not pollute streams if discharged into them. Result! of these experiments gave the following design requirements for an aerobic treatment plant: Volume In aeration tank or ditch — 6 cubic feet per pig; quantity of air required — 2500 cubic feet per pound of BOD at 3 percent ef- ficiency of oxygen utilization. In the laboratory treatment system, results were more satisfac- tory when small amounts of manure were added dally than when large amounts were added weekly or monthly. It was thus concluded that odorless aerobic treatment could be integrated with self-cleaning slatted floors so the pig ex- creta would be deposited directly Into the treat- ment plant. The manure collection gutters could lie connected at the ends to make a continuous channel and an aerator would keep the solids suspended, circulate the liquid manure, and add the necessary oxygen. Faculties to field • test this method are being constructed. (Bundy-ISU). 0758 - B2, Dl, El, F3 HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE, "* Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. R.C.Albin. Journal of Animal Science, VoL 32. No. 4 Anril 1971.p803-«10.2tab,7lref. ' *'Ap™ Descriptors: •Farm wastes. 'Feed lot*, Cattle Water pollution. Biochemical oxygen demand •Waste disposal, 'Oxidation lagoon*. »WMte 294 image: ------- water treatment. Identifiers: Liquid handling systems. Anaerobic lagoons. The exponential expansion of cattle feeding in the United States during the last decade has created many challenges, among which are the handling and disposal of a by-product, feedlot waste. It can be categorized as solid or semi-solid waste and ru- noff water for most feedlots, or as a liquid suspen- sion from confined feeding operations. The chemi- cal and pollutional characteristics are variable. Numerous handling and disposal systems are available for management of cattle feedlot waste. The disposal system for a commercial feedlot could be characterized as a function of several parameters, such as climate, type of ration and cattle, feedlot surface, and cattle and human popu- lation densities, with the solution stated in economic equivalents. Final disposal of feedlot waste has been on the land in most instances. The oxidation ditch and a combination of aerobic and anaerobic systems offer possibilities. Socio-indus- try relationships might require ultimate disposal of runoff and effluent into streams with dehydration and/or incineration of the solid waste. Use of feedlot waste as a resource material often un- limited possibilities as a conservation approach to feedlot waste management. The need for research in feedlot waste management is urgent. Critical evaluation* of handling and disposal systems for cattle feedlot waste are needed in the areas of land use, socio-legal-industry relationships, environ- mental pollution, conservation and economics. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0759 - A2, Bl, Cl STREAM POLLUTION FROM FEEDLOT RU- NOFF Kama's State Dept. of Health, Topeka. Environ- mental Health Services. J. L. Mayes, S. M. Smith, and J. R. Miner. Piper presented at the Fourteenth Annual Con- ference on Sanitary Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, January 8,1964. 24 p, 4 fig, 8 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots, Kansas, Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Fishkill, Cattle, •Agricultural runoff, 'Water pollution soured, 'Water pollution effects. During the investigation of water pollution com- plaints and fiih kills, the Kansas State Department < of Health has found animal feedlot runoff to be the cause of a number of water pollution problems. The principal problems have occurred in water courses below feedlots where large numben of farm animals, primarily cattle, are concentrated in feeding areas. Water pollution studies of streams polluted with feedlot runoff indicate that the t<- noff ii characterized by a high biochemical oxygen demand, high ammonia content, and heavy bac- terial populations. The pollution problem is inter- mittent since it occurs during the following runoff, but it causes a severe slugging effect on the stream. Serious depletion of the dissolved oxygen content of the stream may occur, especially if the stream ii small or the waste load is large. Present knowledge does not allow a quantitative prediction of the degree of pollution that can be expected from a given feedlot operation on a given occa- sion. This seems to be dependent upon a variety of factors such as the size of the lot; (he cleanliness of the lot when runoff occurs; general topography of the area and the location of the lot with respect to receiving waters; the amount of rainfall, its in- tensity and pattern within the drainage basin; the size of the receiving stream and the pollution con- trol measures in use. (Bundy-Iowa State) HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT EF- FECTS ON GESTATING SWINE. Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Still- water. G. W. A. Mahoney, I. T. Omtvedt, D. F. Stephens, E. J. Turman, and R. Edwards. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Southwest Region, American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers, April 3-5, 1968, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 14 p, 3 fig, 3 tab, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Confinement pens, •Swine, Ventilation, Cooling, 'Temperature, 'En- vironmental control. Identifiers: 'Slotted floor, Farrowing, Control chamber. The objectives were to investigate the effect of high ambient temperatures on swine prior to breeding and during gestation on the cstrual cycle, conception rate and subsequent embryo survival; to attempt to determine the 'critical' periods of temperature stress prior to breeding and during gestation for subsequent testing; and to evaluate the performance of the environmental chambers constructed for this study. There was a definite tendency toward reduced corpora lutea, fewer via- ble embryo, lower survival rates and smaller emb- ryos for the gilts in the heat stress chamber. The differences were significant (p < 0.05) for reduced viable embryo and survival rates for gilts stressed 1-15 days postbreeding. Rectal temperatures were significantly higher for gilts in the heat chamber. Also, six gilts, of the 32 in Trials 1 and 11. died due to heat prostration. The environmental chambers performed satisfactorily but needs some modifica- tion and improved instrumentation and controls. Humidity controls are needed to effects of en- vironment with various high humidities and tem- peratures can be investigated. Present modifica- tions of the heating system are currently in progress and should result in better control of high temperatures and result in more uniform tempera- lure, rather than the present 6 degrees variation, or plus or minui 3 degrees above and below 102 degrees F. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0762 - F4 LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT. Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22. 1971, American Society of Agricultural En- gineers, St. Joseph, Michigan, 1971, ASAB Publi- cation PROC-271,360p. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Odors, Economics, Drying, 'Aerobic treatment. Runoff. Cattle, Swine, Poultry, Dust, 'Aerobic lagoons. Hydrau- lic structures, Water pollution control, Waste water treatment, Waste disposal, 'Pollution abate- ment. Identifiers: •Solid-liquid separation. Canada. Eu- rope, 'Anaerobic lagoons. The proceedings of the International Symposium on Livestock Wastes includes approximately 100 papers. The topics include waste disposal systems, beef feedlot systems, legal and administrative con- siderations, characteristics, hydraulic transport, composting, drying, economics, aerobic treatment and storage, land disposal, refeeding. and solid- bqnid separation. Contributions were received from Canada and Europe, as weU as the United States. Each paper attempted to demonstrate techniques that allow the coordination of various waste treatment units Into workable systems. Research of more than 200 scientists from 30 states and 9 nations was reported. Some ware rather novel approaches that might be several years from acceptance and others an modifica- tions of known technology with good prospects for more Immediate acceptance. (Buady-Iowa State) 0763 - F3, F4 ANIMAL WASTES AND AMERICA THE BEAU- TIFUL, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. N.D.Bayley. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livest- jk Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p. 6-7. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Confinement pens, Odors, Nutrients, Pathogens, Waste disposal. Economics, 'Research priorites. Along with the moving of animals from open range to confinement pens came waste management problems including odors, nutrients, and disease. All of these should be managed in such a way to make America more beautiful and a better place to live. The highest item on research priorities should be to find more and better ways to dispose of or- ganic wastes on land. The next priority should be to control odors from wastes. Very little is known about this problem. A third priority for research should be to look at the entire technology required to deal with animal wastes. This would include starting with the feed produced for the animal to the disposal of the animal waste. Research must be able to evaluate all costs and benefits - tangible values such as outdoor recreaction and fish and wildlife enhancement, secondary benefits that are to some extent quantifiable, such as benefits to the economy - local, regional, or natural and intangible benefits we have not always considered, such as the preservation of natural beauty. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0764 - F3 FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ANIMALS AGRICULTURE, Ohio State Univ. Columbia. Coll of Agrigulture and Home Economics, R. M. Kottman, and. R. E. Oeyer. 'i: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971,p.9-18, Utah. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Economics, Income, Agriculture, Livestock, Poultry. Identifiers: Diet-health relationships. The opportunity for U .S. animal agriculture to pro- vide larger supplies of all animal products during the next 30 years offers an exciting challenge. United States animal agriculture will however, face stiff competition from other food sources, but such competition will assist the U.S. animal agriculture by forcing it to remain progressive. To remain competitive, United States livestock and poultry producers, as well as processors of animal products are chaDenged to: (1) produce continually higher quality products on the farm with greater eficiency; (2) develop and implement dramatic new methods to control pollution and to utilize waste resources; 0) develop new, low-cost, con- venient and tasty foods from animal sources; (4) encourage expansion of research designed to eliminate current unknowns regarding diet-health relationships; (5) DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT NEW AND GREATLY EXPANDED PRO- GRAMS TO EDUCATE CONSUMERS AS TO THE HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL PROPER- TIES OF ANIMAL FOODS; (6) substantially in- crease industry-wide consumer marketing pro- grams, especially zeroing in on the markets foi protein, calcium, iron and other animal-derived nutrients essential to human growth and health. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0765 - F3 ROLR OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE IN PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT. National Association of State Departments of 295 image: ------- Agriculture, Washington, D.C. S.Cath. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceeding! International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p. 21-22. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Federal Govern- ments, "State Governments, 'Local Govern- ments, Regulation, Control, Research priorities, Waste disposal. State Departments of Health, Agriculture, and En- vironmental Protection, and Livestock Sanitary Commissions are some of the agencies that put regulations and control on cattle, bog, sheep, and poultry operations. The National Association of State Departments of Agriculture, at their 1969 convention, in resolution form, urged that the Secretary of Agriculture and the land-grant univer- sities give a higher priority to waste disposal and requested the Congress to provide additional funds to carry out the necessary research. Also, the State and Local Governments must develop methods to prevent farm-urban confrontation on the waste and pollution problem. In the practical sense however, good regulatory enforcement of livestock waste disposal can only proceed as fast as the results of good research. Regulatory en- forcement should never exceed the state of the art. Livestock industries should not have to cope with tnfair regulatory demands that cannot be met. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0766 - F4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY TOWARD URGENT SOCIAL PROBLEMS, Texas A and M Univ. College Station. Dept.. of Agricultural Engineering. R. E. Stewart. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p. 23-24. P Descriptors: 'Technology, Engineering, Air pollu- tion, 'Social needs, Environment, Urbanization. Identifiers: 'American Society of Agricultural En- gineers, 'Profesiional societies. Today is an age of growing doubt and mistrust of technology. Many of the benefit! technology has brought to the West (and they are many) are being downgraded by the increasing concern over pollu- tion, ugly environment, exploited resources, and disregard of human values. The engineer is in- creasingly cast in the role of a mindless villain for whom efficiency is measured only by dollar profits and losses. The dilemma, as it appears to be posed for the American. Society of Agricultural En- gineers (ASAE) and the community of agricultural engineers, is examined from the two viewpoints of urbanization and environmental quality; both of these factors represent urgent contemporary so- cial problems. ASAE could help to reduce the urban crisis by turning massive attention to rural development, including redeployment of industry into the countryside. ASAE could help to solve the environmental problems by increased zeal in working with the public on chemical pesticides, wastes recycling, soil erosion, and wiser exploita- tion of natural resources. Such effort must be sup- ported'by the will of the people, as expressed through the public budgets. The benefits of such work should be at least equal to those derived from the mighty efforts applied to outer space. Moreover, this can be done without sacrifice of any capacity for food production. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0767 - Bl, F3 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER, N.H. Curry. In: Livestock Waste Managmement and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p. 25-26. Descriptors: 'Federal government. State govern- ments. Budgeting, Design. Engineering, •Research and Development, 'Planning, 'Pro- jects, 'Project planning. Facilities, Bids. Identifiers: Contractors. The normal steps in the development process - from project conception to new facilities operation - for institutionally or corporately-owned research and demonstration installations, as well as privat- ley or corporately-owned waste treatment and handling units used in production operations. Some predictable problems and pitfalls are discussed. Due to the long process of develop- ment, many changes may be anticipated as the project plans develop. These include: (1) a general upgrading of the proposed quality of construction and the incorporation of more sophisticated equip- ment; (2) a better relation of the project facility design with the statistical design and operational procedures of the proposed experiments, or an im- proved solution to practical problems in a produc- tion facility (the time delay is not all bad); (3) changes in research, administrative, and elective official personnel; (4) project expansion or development of interdisciplinary programs; (5) continued construction cost inflation; (() competi- tion for funds with other projects; (7) a tendency of administrators in dealing with state legislatures or congress to 'horse trade', or drop smaller pro- jects in order to assure obtaining the 'big ones.' This is not necessarily bad from an overall stand- point - few administrators are promoted for think- ing small - but this is faint consolation to the in- dividual or group badly in need of a new facility. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0768 - D2 SYSTEMS FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF LIVESTOCK WASTES: A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL REVIEW, H.O.Scholz. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p. 27-29,5 fig, 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Biological treatment, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion, Swine, •Dehydration, Drying, Liquid wastes. Poultry, Wattes water treatment, Economics. Identifiers: 'Humus manure. Both biological decomposition and incineration- result into a final product which ii not marketable. On the other hand, dehydration followed by pul- verization of livestock wastes offers the possibili- ty of a product which can be bagged and sold as soil amendment. It it even possible, under Europe- an conditions, to have the returns from such a system redeem the capital and operating cost of the plant. Such a system has been designed and is in operation in Europe. In this system, wastes are homogenized and then conveyed to a rotary drum drier. Moisture is removed, and the dried material is conveyed to a cyclone and baged. Flue gas is scrubbed by pumping fresh liquid manure from the building into a vertnri scrubber. Manure, heated through contact with the flue gas, falls, into a storage tank which is also used to aid in reducing the moisture content of the manure. The contents of the tank are mixed thoroughly to increase the evaporation surface area of the liquid. This mixing also helps homogenize the manure before it is pumped into the rotary drum. Wastes from poultry, dairy cattle and swine need be treated dif- ferently before the drying takes place. Different designs incorporating such pretreatments are described and illustrated with photos. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0769 - Bl, E2 A COMPUTER MODEL FOR STORAGE AND LAND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES, Florida Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Univ., Gainesville. R. A. Nordstedt, H. J. Barre, and E. P. Taiganides. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p. 30-33,6 fig. 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Computer models. Mathematical model. Waste storage, 'Waste disposal. Optimization, Nutrients, Model studies, •Scheduling. Identifiers: 'Manure spreading. Tank wagon, For- tran IV Language. A model was developed for optimizing and studing long-term scheduling decisions for removing livestock wastes from storage and spreading them on agricultural lands. The storage and land disposal system was modeled as a multistage deci- sion process. Dynamic programming techniques were used to find the optimal disposal schedules (time and quantities). The maximum quantity which can be disposed in each time period is con- strained by storage capacity, quantity of waste generated and land area available for spreading the wastes. An important feature of this model is that most parameters are permitted to be functions of time. Transport vehicle capacity, operation times, and cost of labor are not as significant as fixed storage cost, but they were sufficiently important to merit consideration in the design and operation of the system. Land availability and nutrient effec- tiveness (as compared to inorganic fertilizers) as a function of time were also significant. The model is sufficiently flexible /or use as a decision tool in the design of operational systems as well as for use as a simulation tool in studying storage and land disposal systems. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0770 - Bl LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSERVATION PLAN, Soil Conservation Service, Washington. D. C. En- gineerincering Div. C. E. Fogg. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p. 34-35,2 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Aerobic lagoons, Liquid wastes, Federal Governments. Local Governments, State Governments, Oroundwater, Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand. Irrigation systems, 'Waste disposal. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: Anaerobic lagoons. Health agencies. Waste management systems must provide for utilization or disposal of livestock wastes without pollution or surface or ground waters and without objectionable odors. A sound system should (1) divert clean water away from areas where livestock waste* are concentrated, (2) provide controlled drainage of runoff from such areas, (3) PREVENT LEACHING OF CONTAMINANTS INTO GROUND WATER, (4) collect polluted ru- noff; and (5) treat or safely dispose of collected ru- noff. Solid manure should be removed and stockpiled until it can be taf ely spread on the land or deposited in the land. Liquid manure resulting from many dairy, swine and poultry operations as well as polluted runoff from concentrated livestock areas can often be disposed of by a water spreading or irrigation system utilizing the soil and plant cover for treatment. Nutrients in such wastes are used by the plants or tied up in the soil pro- vided amounts applied an kept within recom- mended limits. Aerobic and anaerobic lagoons used singularly or in combination often provide at least partial treatment of liquid manure wastes. 296 image: ------- They are usually supplemented by application of the effluent to the land by land spreading or irriga- tion. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0771 - Bl, F4 TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CON- CEPTIONS OF MANURE HANDLING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA, Vyzkumny Uitav Zemedelske Techniky, Repy (C- zechoilovakia). M. Velebil. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p. 36-38,4 fig.. 2 tab., 1 chart. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Litter, 'Waste disposal. Cleaning, Hogs, Economics. Identifiers: 'Czechoslovakia, Barn cleaning, 'Slatted floor. The technology and techniques of handling swine and dairy manure are discussed. Results of labora- tory and field research and experimentation, theoretical analyses and conceptions, and economical evaluations are included. Manure removal from the stables and its application on the field are described. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0772 - B2 A LAND RECYCLING LIQUID MANURE SYSTEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE CONFINE- MENT OPERATION IN A COLD CLIMATE, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa (Ontario). En- gineering Research Service. f! E. Turnbull. F. R. Hore, and M. FeUmaa. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p. 39-43.2 fig., 6 tab.. 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Water pollution, Con- finement pens. Odor, Cattle, Liquid waste. Air pollution. Water reuse. Identifiers: Sluice-gate recirculation system, Plow-cover injector system. A full-scale liquid manure system is described for the confined housing of approximately MM dairy cattle, 1,500 sheep, and 40,000 poultry situated on • 2,800 acre animal research site adjacent to subur- ban housing near the city of Ottawa. The system is baaed on the established practice of recycling animal wastes to cropland. Through design, planning and management, the system cornea very close to meeting presently accepted criteria for the control of water, air and soil pollution. The system contains a total of six-months storage capacity to avoid the potential for water pollution from winter land application of manure. Waste removal from trench storage in cattle and sheep bams is assured by uae of the European hydraulic flushing system, and conventional scraping is used for poultry. Manure ii held in storage under quiescent, low odor conditions. When manure is agitated (or removal from storage, some odor is produced at the building site and a nuisance potential is created. However, site planning makes this poten- tial problem practically non-existent since adequate space separation between the bams and surrounding neighbors was provided. Enclosed tankers control odors during transport and by ap- plying the principle of rapid soil cover of manure, • relatively odor-free method of land disposal is achieved. The development of an inexpensive hooded tanker outlet which directs manure downward in a four-foot wide swath allows a trac- tor and plow to straddle and cover the manure in severs! seconds. Manure application rates do not exceed presently accepted levels for soil pollution control. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0773 - A2, C2, C3, C"4, C5 MEASUREMENT OF RUNOFF AND RUNOFF FEEDLOTS W*STIC FROM COMMERCIAL South Dakota State Univ., Brooking!. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. J. M. Madden, and I. N. Dornbush. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement. Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p. 44-47,2 fig., 6 tab., 4 ret. Descriptors: -Farm wastes, Feed lots. Runoff. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand. Phosphate, Cattle. "South Dakota, Path of pollutants. The objectives were to (1) determine the quantity and quality of runoff from livestock feeding opera- tions in South Dakota, (2) to relate the above infor- mation to hydrological and geological considera- tions in order to appraise the overall influence of this runoff on specific beneficial uses of receiving water. (3) determine the influence of spring runoff as it occurs in northern climates, and (4) determine the pollutions! characteristics attributable to the suspended matter in the feedlot runoff in order to extrapolate the effectiveness of proposed lagoon- ing methods of treatment. Measurements have been made on four commercial sired feedlots for two years and an additional two lots for one year. Runoff has been quantified and composite and grab samples have been analyzed to determine the BOD, COD, dissolved and suspended solids. nitrogen forms, and phosphate content. The results have been used in the development of feedlot regulations and engineering standards for the control of feedlot runoff. Suggestions are also being made as to the type of treatment and management practice which will reduce the pollu- tion potential. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0774 - A2, B2, Cl MANAGEMENT OF BARNLOT RUNOFF TO IMPROVE DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Wooster. W. M. Edwards, P. W. Chichester. and L. L. Harrold. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p. 48-50,5 fig., 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Sprinkler irrigation. Runoff, Chemical analyses, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen, Phosphorus. Water quality. Identifiers: 'Biological analyses. Quality of runoff from a small sloping barnlot is related to that of the larger farmland watershed of which the barnlot is a 0.005 part Livestock waste was allowed to enter the stream system for a two year period, during which time the rate, volume, and quality of runoff was measured at the barnlot and downstream site. During the third year, barn- lot runoff was diverted into a temporary storage pit and subsequently distributed through a sprin- kler system onto nearby pasture land. Under these conditons no effluent from the barnlot was al- lowed to enter the stream system. Continued hydrologic and quality evaluations defined the ef- fect of the barnlot runoff disposal system on downstream water quality. Chemical and biologi- cal analyses of runoff samples were made to relate water quality to hydrologic performance. BOD values for barnlot samples ranged from 10 to 420 mg/1 as compared to <1 to 40 mg/1 for stream samples taken at the watershed outlet Concentra- tions of nutrients (mg/1) in the liquid phase of the barnlot runoff ranged from 10 to 70 total N, <1 to 1J N03 (-)-N. <1 to 30 NH4 (+)-N. 5 to 60 organic N, and I to 10 P. Concentrations associated with the 0.1 to 1.3% w/v solid material separated from the runoff samples were <1 to 150 ppm N03 (-)-N. 100 to 2.000 ppm NH4 (+)-N, 10.000 to 40,000 ppm organic N, and 300 to 1,200 ppm P. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0775 - A2, Bl, C3 TEANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS FROM SLOP- ING CATTLE FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY RAINFALL INTENSITY, DURATION, AND RECURRANCE. Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebr. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div. N. P. Swanson, L. N. Mielke, I. C. Lorimor.T. M. McCalla, and I. R.Ellis. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium • on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p. 51-55,4 fig., 4 tab.,» ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots. Runoff, Cattle, Microorganisms, Rainfall, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, E. Coli, Bacteria, Fungi, Colifonn, Crops, Path of pollutants,'Central U.S. Identifiers: Rainfall simulator. The pollution of surface waters by cattle feedlot runoff is of serious concern in the midwestern United States. Pollutants are transported in solu- tion, in suspension, and as bedloads by feedlot ru- noff. The pollutants may be chemicals, microor- ganisms, organic materials, and soil sediments. Research on a feedlot instrumented for continuing runoff measurement and sampling, and research using a rainfall simulator on runoff plots on 8- and 13-percent slopes in another feedlot indicate that the pollution potential is not a direct function of only the yield of runoff. In one experiment on an 8-percent slope, a simulated rain of 2.8 inches per hf • provided runoff with initial rates of loss per acre per hour of 4680 Ibs. of total solids, 1160 Ibs. volatile solids, 11.6 Ibs. phosphorus, and 64.9 Ibs. of organic nitrogen. Both the chemical contents of runoff (conductivity, total N, NH4N, NO3N, and COD) and the volume of solids decreased with continuing runoff. Runoff samples contained ap- preciable numbers of E. coli, Enterococci, total bacteria, fungi, bacilli, and clostridium. Higher in- tensities of rainfall provide added energy for in- creased detachment and transport of solids which adds to the pollution potential of each unit of ru- noff. The chemical content of feedlot runoff is compared with analyses of runoff from cropland recently published by other researchers in the mid- western U nited States. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0776 — Bl, Cl, C5 CHARACTERISTICS OF MANURE AC- CUMULATIONS REMOVED FROM OUTDOOR, UNPAVED, BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS. Agricultural Engineer, Lincoln, Nebraska. C. B. Gilbertson, T. M. McCalla, J. R. Ellis, and W. R. Woods. Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19 - 22, 1971. p. 56 - 59. 6 fig., 4 tab., 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle. Feedlots. Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen. Identifiers: -Nebraska Field Laboratory, Unpaved feedlots. Manure management Is a necessary practice for beef feedlot operators unless area provided per animal Is great enough to eliminate significant manure buildup on the feedlot surface. A study was initiated in 1968 to determine the effect of surface slope and cattle density on the quantity and quality of manure accumulation on outdoor beef feedlots. New feedlots with 3, 6, and 99fc slopes were completed In July, 1968. Cattle were placed In each pair of lots at densities of 100 and 200 sq. ft. per head. Results have shown that considerable soil was mixed with accumu- lated manure by normal cattle movement with- in the lot. Dry matter removed from the lots 297 image: ------- averaged 2.3 times more for cattle densities of 100 iq. ft. per Head than for lots with cattle densities of 200 sq. ft, per bead. Fcedlot dope appeared to have little effect on the amount of material removed. Approximately 30% of the total solida removed was volatile. BOD and COD values were highly variable. Further, each ton of dry matter removed contained 24 to 34 pound) of N, (Bundy-Iowa State). 0777 - Al, B3, 01, El FEEDLOT MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A DESERT CLIMATE, California Univ., Davii. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. S. R. Morriion, O. P. Lofgreen, and T. E. Bond. In: Liveitock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Liveitock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p. 60-61,2 fig., 2 Ub., 8 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Odor, Duit, Nitrogen, Lagoon, Sludge disposal, Evaporation, Aerated lagoons, Sprinkler irrigation. Identifiers: 'Anaerobic lagoon, Imperial Valley (Calif). Manure management problem are somewhat dif- ferent in deiert climate* from those in regioni with higher rainfall, and in tome retpecti are leu severe lince runoff it not likely to cadte itream pollution. More utual problem! are impairment of human environment due to duit, odors, and flies; manure disposal without available cropland; and cattle performance impaired by muddy lots in winter and heat and dust in summer. To overcome these problems in the Imperial Valley of California a system using slatted floors, anaerobic pits, aera- tion lagoons, and a sludge disposal area is under investigation. Initial tests were done to determine the effect of loading rate on decomposition of or- ganic matter and nitrogen, and the surface area required for evaporation of liquid wastes. Two 210-day tests have been completed using standard feedlot practice* and animal* on a 90 percent con- centrate ration. Reduction of organic matter generally increased with decreasing loading rate, with about 70 per cent being lost at 0X123 Ib/dsy/ft3. About 30 per cent of the nitrogen was removed at this loading rate. A surface area of 50 sq. ft. per animal was sufficient to evaporate the water from the waste. The cattle performed satisfactorily on the slatted floors, which had also functioned well in tests of a sprinkling system for heat-stress relief. (Bundy-IowaState) 0778 - Cl, E2 LAND DISPOSAL OF CATTLE FEEDLOT TASTES, :: I«M State Univ., Manhattan. Dept of Agricul- ":-:.- Engineering. :-:. L Ifanges, I,A.Schmid,andL. S.Murphy. : : Lfrestock Waste Management and Pollution : ,: sent, Proceeding* International Symposium . -. istock Wastes, Ohio State University, April : 197l,p.«2-65,4fig.,l tab..4ref. r .:;/ ptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Feed lots, Ru- r:.:u, Lagoon, Rainfall, Nitrogen, Phosphorui, C:.", Irritation, Chemical oxygen demand, Crop .-^spouse. Identifiers:'Pratt Feed lot. The objective* an 1) to characterize itormwater runoff from a feedlot, 1) to characterize manure generated in a feedlot, and 3) to determine the in- fluence of different lagoon water and manure loading* on the soil, stormwater runoff from the disposal area, and com yields. Analyses of runoff from rainfall have shown a COD of 4,000 to 10,000 mg/1, nitrogen of 100 to (00 ppm., phosphorus of 40 to 500 ppm. and total salts of 5,000 to 6,000 ppm. Analyses are being mad* to determine the concentration of other cations. Runoff from snow- melt ha* had a pollution load several times that from rainfall. During 1970, corn was grown on plots which received 0, 2, 4, S, and 16 inches of lagoon water. Each plot was replicated 4 times and irrigated with wen water as needed. Forage com yields were measured. During 1970, corn also was grown on plots on which manure was plowed down at rates of 0,10,20,40, 80,160, and 320 tons per acre. Each plot was replicated four times and irrigated with well water. The manure was relative- ly high in nitrogen, calcium, iron and potassium with lesser amounts of magnesium, phosphorus, sodium and zinc. Plant population decreased as rate of manure application increased. Forage yields increased as rate of manure application in- creased up to 10 tons per acre. Above 80 tons manure per acre, com yield* were depressed. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0779 - B2. El EVALUATION OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES, Oklahoma State Univ., Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. Stillwater. A. F. Butchbaker, I. B. Carton, 0. W. A. Mahoney, and M. D.. Paine. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceeding* International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22 1971, p. 66-69,6 fig.. 2 tab., 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pacific Northwest U.S., Waste treatment, Waste disposal. Cattle, •Feed lots, Confinement pens, Runoff, Design, Costs, 'Design criteria. Southwest U.S., Central U.S., Computer programs. Identifiers: Southern High Plains, Liquid flush system, Slotted floor. The objectives were: (1) to develop beef feedlot design criteria to minimize pollution from runoff- carried wastes and to facilitate handling of solid and liquid animal waste*, and (2) to examine alter- native beef feedlot waste disposal systems to ob- tain minimum cost systems for effective waste disposal Waste handling system* for beef feeding operations were observed in the upper Midwest, Southern High Plains, desert Southwest, and Pacific Northwest The systems studied included: slurry, solid, and runoff-carried waste handling systems. The ultimate disposal of the waste material was considered for each system. The design criteria developed represents the state of the art for most design considerations for confine- ment feeding facilities and open feedlot facilities. The results are presented in terms of flow dia- grams and graphs comparing the various systems. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0780 - Bl, C5 THE WASTE PATTERN OF BEEF CATTLE ON SLATTED FLOORS, Agricultural Research Service, St Paul, Minn. Livestock Engineering and Farm Structure* Research Branch. R. 0. Hegg, and R. B. Larson. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971 p. 70-72,2 fig., 4 tab..«ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastei, Cattle, Confinement pens, Oxidation lagoons. Water pollution, Aerated lagooai, Path of pollutants. Identifier!: •Slatted floor*. High energy ration. The distribution of waste* from beef cattle on a slatted floor with respect to the location of the feeding are* and the watering area was deter- mined. Seven trial* wen run to determine the waste pattern on a slstted floor over an oxidation ditch at the University of Minnesota Experiment Station at Rosemonnt, Minnesota. The tint four trial* (MV) wen ran with the self-feeder and watenr along the same tide of the flatted floor , area. Trials (V-VII) were run with a waterer against the wall opposite the self-feeder. Trials I through IV show that approximately 60% of the urine and 60% of the fecal matter were collected on the half of the floor that was nearest the feeder and the waterer. Moving the waterer to the op- posite wall for trials V-VII changed the urine pat- tern such that 62% of the liquid was collected on that half of the floor nearest the new location of the waterer. The fecal pattern also changed but not to the extent that the urine pattern changed The average daily collection of total dry solids ranged from 3.1 to 5.2 Ibs/animal. The average total liquid collected each day ranged from 1.3 gallons to over 4 gallons/animal The trials indicate that placing the waterers and feeders in one area of the con- finement unit tends to concentrate the wastes in that area. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0781 - Bl, Dl ANALYSIS OF DUCK FARM WASTE TREAT- MENT SYSTEMS, D. D. Schulte, and R. C. Loehr. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University. April 19-22,1971. p. 73-76.9 fig.. 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Model studies, Aerated lagoons, Phosphorus, Biochemical ox- ygen demand. Water consumption, Waste treat- ment. Ducks (Domestic), 'Dynamic programming. Mathematical models. In order to establish a rational basis upon which al- ternative duck farm waste water treatment systems could be evaluated, a mathematical model was developed. This model provided a structure in which the effect of the following items on the total annual cost of wastewater treatment could be con- sidered: (a) capital costs of land aad equipment; (b) interest and amortization rate*; (c) operating costs of equipment and chemical costs; (d) treat- ment requirements for BOD, phosphorus, and suspended solids; (e) treatment system design; and (f) operational decision* inch as water use rate and duck population. The efficiencies of three treat- ment alternative*, (plain sedimentation, chemical precipitation, and aerated Ugooni), wen established through bench scale tests aad from mathematical equations and published informa- tion. Application of this model to a particular duck farm demonstrated the feasibility of using analyti- cal model* for agricultural waste management In- formation avaialable from this kind of approach provides a sounder basis for decision making. The remits of this project, which wa* completed in June of 1970, will be uied a* an example of how mathematical models can be applied to problem* of agricultural waste management. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0782 - A4, D4 MULTISTAGE LAGOON SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY FARM WASTE, Florida Univ., Oaussville. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. A. Norditedt, L. B. Baldwin, and C. C. Hortenitine. In: Liveitock Wests Management and PoUntioa Abatement, Proceeding* International Sympoiium on Livestock Wattei, Ohio State University. April 19-J2,1971. p. 77-10.7 tab.. 8 ref. * Descriptors: *Farm wastei, •Sprinkler irrigation Lagoons, Cattle. Biochemical oxygen demand. Oronndwater, Water pollution, Aerobic lagoons! NitrOMD. Identfilers: •Dairy, Multistage lagoon*. Anaerobic lagoon*. The objectives are to (I) determine the design and operational parameters for treatment of dairy farm 296 image: ------- waite by multiiUge lagoon systems in areas with warm climates, landy will aod high water tablet, (2) determine the groundwater pollution potential from thii type of lyitem and any neceiiary cor- rective measures, and (3) determine the effects of the effluent from thii type of tyitem on a teenage irrigated pasture. A multistage lagoon system has been designed and constructed on a 600-cow dairy farm. The system consists of one anaerobic and two aerobic lagooni in a series arrangement. The efflent from the third lagoon flows by gravity into a 40macre seepage irrigation system in permanent pasture. Influent and effluent of each lagoon is sampled hi two week intervals. Test wells are located at 15, SO and 100 foot intervals from the anaerobic lagoon and at 15 and 100 foot intervals from the second lagoon. Water is drawn from 30 sampling tubes in the seepage irrigated pasture at three week intervals. Results from the tint five months of operation indicate an average influent BOD of 343 mg/1. at a flow of approximately 60,000 gallons per day. BOD reductions of 89%. 54% and 8% in the first, second and third lagoons respectively, have been achieved for a total reduc- tion of 93%. (Bundy-Iowa Slate) 0783 - AS, A6, D2, Fl SOLVING THE POULTRY MANURE PROBLEM ECONOMICALLY THROUGH DEHYDRATION, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Poultry Science. 0.0. Bressler, and E. L. Bergman. In: Liveatock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p. SI -84.3 fig., ] tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Anaerobic conditons, Odor, Drying, Poultry, Bacteria, Economics, Dehydration, Air pollution, Water pollution. Identifiers: 'Heater dryer, High velocity air, Time clock, Two-stage system. Poultry manure handling ia a two-pronged problem, high moisture content and anaerobic bac- terial activity causing obnoxious odors. The objec- tives were I) to remove as much moisture as possi- ble from the poultry manure inaide the poultry house to lessen the weight of the material to be handled; 5) to eliminate odors and flies; and, 3) to develop an automatic system of manure handling to eliminate manual labor. A two-stage drying system achieving these objectives hat been developed. Stage 1 drying occurs Inside the poultry bouse by application of high velocity air to the manure and stirring the manure frequently. In this stage manure is dried to about 30% moiature, which ia 1/3 of the original weight and it is relative- ly free of obnoxious odors because odor producing bacteria are destroyed. Movement of air at high velocity (900 feet per minute) is accomplished by operating continuously 20-inch fans spaced about 35 to 40 feet apart lengthwise to the manure bays or pits inside the poultry house. Stirring is accom- plished with a specially designed rake and cleaning device which turns, chums, tumbles, and mixes • the poultry droppings as they fall to the floor un- derneath the birds. The dry, powdery product is free of obnoxious odors, has sbeU life, and is In a form acceptable for merchandising at an organic fertilize'- Income now being received for this product exceeds the costs of Stage I and 2 drying methods. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0784 - Bl A FARM SCALE DAIRY WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM, Washington State Univ., Pullman. D. 0. Turner, and D. E. Proctor. In; Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April I9-M. 1971, p. SS-IS, 4 He,, 4 ttb.. 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Cattle, Sprinkler ir- rigation, Confinement pens. Lagoons, Nitrogen, Rotations, Waste disposal. Waste storage, Crop response, Washington. Identifiers: 'Large annual rainfall, Plastic irriga- tion pipe. Livestock wastes from beef feed lots and from the dairy cattle industry are produced in large quanti- ties in small areas. A systems approach to waste disposal has been developed by Washington Slate University in conjunction with the Washington State Department of Institutions' Honor Farm at Monroe. This system uses a covered confinement area to exclude excessive rainfall; a collection and transfer system to move wastes from confinement areas to storage lagoons; and pipeline and sprin- kler systems to move wattes from confinement areas or lagoons to areas of ultimate disposal by field application. Animal waste from a herd of 210 mature Holateins is scraped. Hushed, and trans- ported with minimum water into two 1,000,000- gallon capacity lagoons where it is held in winter storage for field distribution during the growing season. The organic degradation and nutrient recycling capability of soil as a receiver of wastes. coupled with seasonal application, appears to be the key to such waste disposal. Loading levels are being defined under field conditions. Crops under study are silage corn, cereal rye for greenchop, and grass legume pastures, as these crops comple- ment dairy operations and tend to recycle nitrogen. Measurements are being taken of dis- tribution patterns by the sprinklers, infiltration rates, bacteria survival, nitrate-nitrogen concen- trations in the forage and through the soil profile to a 4-foot depth, BOD counts, botanical composi- tion of forage stands, and crop yields. (Bundy-Iowa State J" 0785 - E3 A TOTAL BIOCHEMICAL RECYCLE PROCESS FOR CATTLE WASTES, Babson Bros. Co., Elmhurst, m. Environmental DlV. L.O. Carlson. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium Descriptors: 'Farm waates, Cattle, Liquid wastes, Phosphates. Proteini, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Chemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen. Potas- slum, Microorganisms. Identifiers: 'Babson Biochemical Process. Reac- tion tower. The Babson Biochemical Process accepts cattle waites. such as liquid manure, and recovers un- digested solids, at washed and cleaned paniculate matter, from a counter-current classification tower. The solids are peDctized into slugs two inches in diameter and one-half inch thick The remaining liquid, consisting of suspended solids, dissolved solids, and some colloidal matter it pumped to a Reaction Tower, Reaction Vessel, ,and Enzyme Vessel complex, wherein, bubbles are formed at a function of the rate of mass transfer, and is key to thii biochemical process The residence time is a few hours with partial recycle to keep enzymatic activity high. Recovery of activity it very rapid, even after several weeks in the endogeneous phase. The effluent it then sent to a flocculatlon/coagulalion (PIC) system where phosphates, proteins, polysaccharides! metal iont, etc. are removed, dried, and fortified « ttfftt.lUltm}n whlcl1 ta itow w *"«lw. Tke Uquid effluent from the F/C vesselt it then de- ionized and decolorized, and used for drinking water, or partially de-ionized, and used for com! flushing of manure Into a common pit. (Bandy-Iowa State) 0786 - F3 THE UK RECONCILIATION OF MODERN IN- TENSIVE LIVESTOCK FARMING WITH A BASICALLY VRBAN SOCIETY, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service. London (England). K. B.C. Jones. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 92-94.5 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm waites, 'Animal populations. Confinement pent, Poultry, Cattle, Biochemical oxygen demand. Solid wastes, Phosphates, Nitrogen, Water pollution, Regulations. Identifiers: Council on Environmental Quality. United Kingdom. Intensive livestock production will continue to be centered on those parts of the UK where the soils and climate are most favorable and where workers have the technical skills, and management the financial and marketing abilities to succeed. It is most likely that as now, these units will be in lowland areas near big centers of population. Wherever possible, correlation win be maintained between size of livestock unit kept and area availa- ble for manure spreading. In time, the law may make this concept on obligation. Planning permis- sion for non-agricultural development may be refuted if it it too near an existing livestock unit. Zoning may be more widespread. New develop- ments already require the interests of vets, neighbors, planning authority, river authority and public health inspector to be met These interests era achieving a better understanding of the farmers needt and of each othera points of view. (Bundy-Iowa States) 0787 - Al, C5, F4 IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONYL COM- POUNDS IN A SWINE-BUILDING AT- MOSPHERE, Iowa State Univ., Amet. L. D. Hartung, E.G. Hammond, and J. R. Miner. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p IOJ-106.1 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Atmosphere, Odor, Swine, Organic compounds, Air pollution, Land management Identifier!: Carbonyl-free air, Button's equation, •Carbonyls. Prior ttudiet of swine-building atmosphere! have identified amines, carbonylt and sulfur com- pounds In these gatet. More detailed identification work it being done to determine which compounds of these three classes are responsible for odor. This information should be valuable for eventual odor-control technology. Carbonyls can be deter- mined readily as the 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (2,4-DNPH) derivatives. A measured quantity of swine-house gas was pulled through a reaction column composed of a solution of 2,4-DNPH (in 2.5M H2SO4) on celite. The 2,4-DNPH derivatives wen eluted from the column with hexane at the end of the ran. Tentative identification wat by thin layer chromatography (tic), which allowed quan- titative measurement of those compounds present in largest concentration!. In these cases, the derivative wat leached from the tic material, diluted to a measured volume, and the ultraviolet absorption max wat measured. Carbonyls identified to date and their concentrations when measurable are: acetone (123 ppb by volume), ethanal. butanal, methyl ethyl ketone (53 ppb) pentanal, nonanal. (Bundy- Jowa State) 0788 - A2, AS, Bl, F2 IMPACT OF FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION 299 image: ------- AND PROCESSING ON THE TOTAL ENVIRON- MINT, Ohio State Univ., Columbui. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. P. Taiganides, and R. L. Stroihine. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 93-98.1 fig, 7 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes. Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Odor, Waste water (Pollution), 'Environmental effects. Identifiers: 'Animal waste impact, Odor nuisance. Sou oxygen demand. A long-term study under the auspices of the Agricultural Pollution Control Research Laborato- ry at Ohio State University will attempt to delineate the full impact of the world farm animal industry, from birth to the point of consumption, ultimate use, or death by decay, on the quality of the natural environment. The impact from the production of animals on USA farms was deter- mined by using animal population figures from the 1969 U.S. Agricultural Statistics. Depending on the geographic region, various assumptions were made as to the amounts of manure which could reasonably be expected to be discharged into natu- ral water bodies or disposed on land or into air resources. Assumptions on percentage of animals in total confinement, pasture or partial confine- ment were made to facilitate estimates of water ru- noff and land disposal. Odor nuisance could only be evaluated in qualitative terms by making as- sumptions on the extent of urbanization at each of the six geographic regions. A quantitative value for the impact of by-products and wastes from animal industries on the natural environment was obtained using BOD, COD, fertility nutrients, volatile solids, SOD (Soil Oxygen Demand) and physical quantities. An attempt was made to com- pare these values with values from other basic in- dustries, such as car manufacturing and some chemical industries. (Bundy- Iowa State) 0789 - F3 LITIGATION EXPERIENCES OF FIVE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS, .Iowa State Univ.. Ames. Dept of Agricultural En- r. L. Wfflrich, and J. R. Miner. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p99-IOI.7ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Odor, "Legal aspects. Water pollution, Swine, Cattle, Poultry, Missouri, Iowa, Judicial decisions. Identifiers: "Law suits, Odor nuisance. Several livestock and poultry producers have faced law suits from neighboring residents based upon complaints of odor and water pollution. Such public and private nuisance suits demand that producers consider the possible effects of then- site selection and waste management practices upon neighbors. Cases concerning three beef producers, two swine producers and a poultry growing operation are considered in detail. The physical features of the systems are described, as wen as the operation of the facilities. Both swine producers were utilizing confinement facilities with manure storage facilities beneath partially- slotted floors. In the Missouri case, both localized water pollution and odors were found to have 'caused damages to two nearby rural neighbors. Substantial punitive damages wen awarded. The .case in Iowa involved odors and their influence on neighbors located approximately 300 feet north of the operation. The first hearing of the case resulted in a hung jury. The poultry operation was in north-central Iowa, about 900 feet east- southeast of a farm home. The neighbors sought [both damages and injunctive relief due to odors. (Bnndy-Iowa State) 0790 - AS, A6. C3 ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRON- MENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION FIRMS, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C. Farm Production Economics Div. I. B. Johnson, and L. J. Connor. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement. Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 102-104.14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Feed lots, Runoff. Cattle, 'Legal aspects, Water pollution control. Federal Government, Local Governments, State Governments, Control, Standards, Regulation. Identifiers: 'Feed lot firms, Nebraska Pollution Control Council. The alternative measures of minimizing pollution from animal wastes can be categorized as (1) 'voluntary control measures adopted by animal producers, (2) individual legal actions, and (3) statutes and regulations established by local, State, and Federal Governments. Some individual producers and producer groups have adopted abatement technologies and taken other more drastic measures such as shifting the geographic location of their operations to minimize the pollu- tion potential of their animal production opera- tions. Certain animal production firms have been defendants in legal litigations by plaintiffs seeking to induce changes in the producers' animal production activities. Animal production firms are subject to different forms of private legal litiga- tion, those being (a) trespass, (b) nuisance, (c) negligence, and (d) strict liability. Several local, State, and Federal Government agencies have ex- isting statutes related to the management of animal wastes. Governmental statutes have generally im- plemented controls on animal production firms by (a) direct regulations such as licenses and registry requirements, (b) payments for installation of par- ticular pollution control devices or lower rates of property tax, and (c) by charges such as fines or excise taxes for discharging excessive amounts of animal pollutants. (Bundy- Iowa State) 0791 - AS, A6, Bl METEOROLOGICAL CONTROL OF MALODORS FROM LAND SPREADING OF LIVESTOCK WASTES. Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. A. Nordstedt. and E. P. Taiganides. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 107-109,9 ref, 1 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Odors, Meteorology, 'Air pollution, Model studies, Control, Waste disposal. Identifiers: Land spreading, Odor nuisance. 'One of the foremost problems in land disposal of livestock wastes is the emission of malodorous gases from these wastes and their transport into populated areas through the atmosphere. There- fore, malodors are a constraint on land spreading of livestock wastes. Chemical treatment of these wastes for abatement of malodors is usually quite expensive. The applicability of meteorological control to land spreading of livestock wastes, and the development of an air quality model to predict the odor nuisance potential from land spreading operations were investigated. Simulations with the air quality model have shown that meteorological control of malodors from land spreading of 'livestock wastes is possible. The model is limited 'by the need for data on emission rates of malodorous gases from various livestock wastes as weD as die properties of these gases. Better dispersal equations and experimental determina- tion of diffusion parameters wiO also assist In ap- plying the model to field conditions. (Bnndy-Iowa State) 0792 - AS, A6, C3 CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OP MALODODORS FROM DAIRY ANIMAL WASTE, Ohio State Univ., Dept. of Agricultural Engineer- ing. Columbus. R. K. White, E. P. Taiganides, and G. D. Cole. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 110-113.5 fig. 2 tab. 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Chromatography, Analytical techniques, Odor, Hydrogen ion con- centration. Aeration, Sulfur, Organic compounds. Cattle. Identifiers: 'Anaerobic dairy wastes. Recent trends toward large, confined animal production units and the urban encroachment into agricultural areas have brought into focus the problem of odor nuisance from animal waste. There is a need for identifying satisfactory methods of controlling and abating the odor nuisance from animal waste. Before control techniques can be developed, an analysis of the odors and an understanding of the physical. chemical and biological conditions that help generate them is needed. The objectives of this study were: to separate and identify principal odorous compounds emanating from dairy animal wastes and to measure the effect of aeration on the production of principal odors from dairy animal wastes. Eight odorous compounds were tentative- ly identified by comparing Kovat Indexes for the principal odorous fractions separated by the gas 'chromatograph and the Kovat Indexes of known 'compounds. Also, an organoleptic evaluation of 'the odors was employed. The compounds tenta- tively identified using the column selected for hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds were hydrogen sulfide, methanelbiol, methyl sulfidc, diethyl sulfide, propyt acetate and n-butyl acetate. .The amine compounds detected were trimethylamine and etbylamine. Aeration eliminated or diminished the production of the principal odors identified. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0793 - AS, A6, Bl, D2 CONTROL OF ODORS FROM POULTRY HOUSES, Agricultural Research Service. BeHsville, Md. Livestock Engineering and Farm Structures Research Branch. G.B.Wfflson. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 114-1 K. 2 fig, 1 tab. 4 ref. Descriptors: > 'Farm wastes, Odors, Dusts, Poultry, Filters, Ammonia, Control, Air pollution. 'Identifiers: Water spray system, Pad-type filter, Dry filters. Burlap. Odor and. to a lesser extent, the dust in ventilation air exhausted from poultry houses constitute aa aesthetic nuisance. Use of filters and water spray chambers were evaluated for their effectiveness in removing the odor and dust Three variations of baffle impingement filters with and without a water spray were tested. Dust removal efficiencies 'were determined by particle counts on filters through which a measured quantity of air had been drawn. Odor strength was evaluated organolepti- 300 image: ------- cally. The baffle impingement filters reduced the odor although they only removed a negligible amount of dust. Introduction of a water spray ahead of the baffle improved the dust removal to around 50% and practically eliminated the odor. Control of odor and dust would enhance the desirability of poultry houses as neighbors. Us* of the water spray baffle impingement filters should reduce air pollution complaints. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0794 - AS, A6, C3, D3 AMMONIA DESORPTION FROM CONCEN- TRATED CHICKEN MANURE SLURRIES. Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, N.Y. Agricultural Engineering Research Div. A. O. Hashimoto, and D. C. Ludington. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April 19-22,1971, p 117-121, J fig, 5 tab. 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, 'Am- monia, Poultry, Hydrogen ion concentration. Identifiers: 'Chicken manure, Pick's Second Law. The purpose was to determine the parameters af- fecting ammonia desorption from concentrated chicken manure slurries and to develop an equa- tion to predict the rate of ammonia desorption. Analyses of variance were performed to determine whether any correlation existed between the desorption rate constant and the fraction of undis- sociated ammonia, (Pu), temperature, air flow, total and volatile solids, initial organic nitrogen concentration and initial ammonia nitrogen con- centration. Preliminary analysis indicates that only Fu and temperature have significant correlation with the desorption rate constant under the experi- mental agitation rates and geometric ahape of the reaction vessel. The desorption rate constant may be predicted by an equation of the following form: K/l-Fu - A (Tfl-Fu)B where: K- ammonia desorption rate constant (hour-l); T • tempera- ture (deg. F); Fu - fraction of undissociated am- monia; A and B - constants. The amount of base required to maintain the desired pH was recorded to determine which pH range might be the most ef- ficient in stripping ammonia. Below pH 10.0 there is a direct relationship between the ratio of base required to ammonia removed and pH. Above pH 10.0 the ratio is independent of pH. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0795 - A2, A9, C3, C5 ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSFER BETWEEN BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN A WASTE LAGOON, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept. of Bac- teriology. M Bromel, Y. N. Lee, and B. Baldwin. In- Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April 19-22,1971, p 122-125.2 fig, 6 tab. 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Liquid wastes, Sal- monella, Microorganisms, Cattle, E. coli, Public health, Pathogenic bacteria, Transfer. Identifiers: 'Public health hazard, R factors. The incidence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from liquid and solid bovine wastes and from the Red River of the North were determined by disc assay and tube dilution methods. Subsequent in vitro mating experiments were performed between the enteric members of these two groups of isolates so that the patterns of antibiotic-resistance trauifer could be elucidated. Levels of antibiotics present in waste lagoon water and river water were determined by microbiologi- cal assay. Complete resistance to aureomycin, ter- ramycin sulfamethazine and sulfaethox- ypyridazine was shown by isolates of the genera Salmonella, Proteus, Streptococcus and Escherichia. Developing antibiotic resistance was thown by isolates of the teaeral Shigella and Kleb- siella. Drug sensitivity wai shown only by clot- tridial iiolatet. Suecetiful transfer of multiple dni| resistance to sulfamethazine, penicillin and itreprouycin wai obtained from a Proteus ID. to an Escherichia »p. Reiulta from the matingi of the recombinaats with drug-sensitive typhoid and dyientry organisms are reported. In some in- stances. detectable levels of terrain ycin and aureo- mycin were found in wine waters. The possibility for drug resistance transfer between organisms in livestock wastes and pathogens in public waters was significantly high and constitutes a potential public health hazard. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0796 - A2, C4 DIFFERENTIATION OF RUMINANT FROM NON.RUMINANT FECAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION BY USE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA, South Dakota State Univ.. Brookingi. Dept. of Bacteriology. P. R. Middaugh. L. R. Koup.l. R. L. Pierce. Jr.. I. B.Tiede.andJ.W.Zerfas. In: Livestock Wane Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22, 1971, p 126-128. 1 fig. 35 ret. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Runoff, 'Coliforms, Microorganisms, Bacteria. 'Streptococcus. Nitrogen, Cattle. Sheep, Goats, Lagoons, Pollu- tant identification. Identifiers: *S. bovis. Fecal pollution. Studies on methods for improving the land disposal of animai wastes or on methods to minimize storm run-off waste pollution of streams or lakes would be aided if feed lot wastes in water could be differentiated from non-ruminant or human waste sources. A laboratory study was based on the presence of a fecal streptococcus, Streptococcus bovis, in feces of ruminant farm animals, cattle, sheep and goats which have from 1 to 20 million cells per ml. of rumen fluid. In a preliminary survey of fecal streptococci occurring in lakes and riven and in municipal wastes and a dairy lagoon the predominant organism was Streptococcus faecalis and its varieties which represented 90% of the fecal streptococci. S. bovis constituted only 3% of the streptococci. The stan- dard media uaed to cultivate gut bacteria were highly inhibitory for S. bovis cells which were added to water samples. An improved medium with reduced sodium aiide, 0.02%. improved .anaerobic culture conditions and the quantitative collection of the bacteria on membrane filters led to a selective method using a starch hydrolysis overlay. The improved medium quantitatively de- tected S. bovis bacteria added to river water sam- ples and allowed their routine isolation. Of the iso- lates, 92% were found to be Streptococcus bovis and »% wen S. faecalis variety liquef aciens. To be an effective pollution indicator. S. bovis must sur- vive sufficiently to be readily detected. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0797 - .C4, E3 GROWTH KINETICS OF RUMEN BACTERIA m SOLUTIONS or POULTRY EXCRETA, Kentucky Univ., Lexington. H. E. Hamilton. I. J. Ross, J. J. Begin, and S. W. Jackson* to: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium Poultry excreta contains nutrients that can be util- ized as a livestock feed. Successful feeding trials with untreated litter have proven the feasibility of utilizing excreta as a feedstuff. Excreta from hens fed a drug-free diet was blended and diluted with water, iterilized, and placed in a fermentor equipped with an indirectly driven agitator, auto- matic pH controller, temperature controller, foam controller, and sampling device. The solution was then inoculated with rumen fluid from a steer being maintained on a diet containing sterilized chicken manure and fermented anaerobically for 48 hours. Samples were taken as the fermentation process progressed and diluted and plated for microflora counts. The colonies in the inoculated tubes were counted after 7 daya of incubation. Then was logarithmic growth beginning about three hours after inoculation and subsiding about ten hours after inoculation. High solids levels decreased the maximum population and increasing and/or decreasing the pH from that in the rumen Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Poultry. Feeds >«--•—: the maximum population. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0798 - B3, C5, D4 THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Agricultural Research Services, Lincoln, Nebraska. T. M. McCalla, and L. F. Elliott. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22, 1971 . p 1*2-134, 2 fig, 3 tab. 28 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Cattle, Feed lots. Microorganisms, Pathogenic bacteria, Nitrogen, Crops, Odors. Animal wastes on feedlots may leave the feedlot by mechanical removal, runoff, percolation through the toil profile, volatilization, or decom- posjtion. Of these mechanisms, micrabial decom- position plays a major role in the rate and route of manure loss. Laboratory and feedlot studies, at Lincoln and Central City, Nebraska, indicate mechanical removal of manure from the feedlot may be necessary only after several years of accu- mulation. The manure in the feedlot can be mounded to provide a protected drained area for the animals, and the manure serves as a compost pile to aid in decomposition. The feedlot studied is level with a high water table and limited runoff oc- curs. Laboratory studies have indicated as much aa 90% of the nitrogen and 50% of the carbon in the manure and urine can be lost by decomposition in a 4-month period. Soil microorganisms can be managed to reduce odors and to dispose of animal waites without pollution of surface or ground waters. If the surface of the feedlot is aerobic, many . odor-causing compounds can be metabolized before they reach the atmosphere. It may also be desirable to maintain aerobic condi- tions at the feedlot surface for sanitary reasons. Laboratory studies conducted at Lincoln showed Salmonella ap. added to beef manure died rapidly under aerobic conditions but survived under anaerobic conditions. Feedlot soil atmosphere stu- dies found high concentrations of CH4 and CO2. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0799 - B2 AGITATION IN LIQUID MANURE TANKS, Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. 1. 1. Sewel). In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Model studies. Liquid 301 image: ------- wsstes. Pumps, Slurriet, Design, On-tite tests, Cittle, Mixing. Few problem with agitation were encountered in two full-scale field teiti of liquid manure lyitemi at dairies. Adding water to the tanks immediately after emptying greatly facilitated agitation. Ai the quantity of watte hay. silage, and green chop en- tering the pitt increased, agitation became more difficult. Scraping manure into the tanki before appreciable drying had occurred alao facilitated agitation. Minimizing the entry of twine, wood chips, and coarse hay into the pitt reduced ' downtime. While the results of the model studies suggested that best agitation could be achieved in pitt equipped with tide and center baffle*, effec- tive agitation wat achieved in pitt conttructed with cover support columns and without baffles. As the model studies suggested, cover support columns did not adversely affect agitation. In designing liquid manure pitt where agitation dif- ficulties are expected, center and side baffles should be considered. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0800 - B2, C2 MEASURING METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO PUMP SEMI-LIQUID AND MANURE, Bayeritche Landetanstalt ue Landtccbnik, Wcihcnstephan (Wett Germany). K. Grimm, and O. Langenegger. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 1)8-141,145,9 fig, lOref. Descriptors: •Farm wattes. Liquid wastes. Pump testing. Measurement, Pumps. Identifiers: Consistency factor, Manure pump, Manure consistency. A large number of pumps are on the market; some are very well adapted to pumping liquid manure and some lack several things which one could wish for. A technical measurement for the capacity of individual pumps to boost liquid manure it neces- sary in order to put the individual pumps to work at the correct place and to be able to plan liquid manure installations. Tests havet shown that all temiliquid and liquid manure mixtures may be evaluated in a relatively simple way insofar as the ability to be pumped ii concerned. Measuring manure consistency by the ball method is described. Thit method of measuring provides a uniform prerequisite for testing pumps and thereby makes an exact examination possible with varied semi-liquid manure mixtures with different contistencies. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0801 - A3, B2, C2, C3, C4 PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DAIRY MANURE SLURRIES, British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. L. M. Staiey, N. R. Bulley. and T. A. Windt. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livettock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 142-145.6fig. 2 tab. Descriptors: "Farm wastes. Cattle, Irrigation, Biochemical oxygen demand, Hydrogen ion con- centration, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Am- monium, Sprinkler irrigation, Watte disposal, Design pumpt. Identifiers: 'Dairy, Piping lotses. A manure handling tyttem hai been designed to permit a zero grazing management practice and utilize above ground storage and sprinkler irriga- tion methods of watte disposal. Manure from the exercise yard and holding area it scraped into a 28S cubic foot below grade tump. From thit point the complete system it operated by a 30 HP elec- tric motor and Holz helical type manure pump. The pump is uted for fOling the 100.000 US gallon above ground storage tank; for agitation and mix- ing within the tank and returning the slurry to the sump for dilution if necessary, before pumping through a 4 inch diameter aluminum irrigation system to a standard No. 104 Rainbird sprinkler. BOD, COD, pH, ammonia, organic and nitrate nitrogen, total and ortho phosphate, sodium, potattium, chloride, total volatile and tutpended solids were determined at bi-weekly intervals for (1) water inputs, (2) manure into and out of storage and (3) water outflows from field drains. Sampling1 began June 2, 1970 and will continue throughout the winter teaton. (Bundy- Iowa State) 0802 - A5, Bl, D4, E3 AUTOMATED HANDLING. TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF WASTE WAT8R PROM AN ANIMAL CONFINEMENT PRODUCTION UNIT, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. P. Taiganides, and R. K. White. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceeding! International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April 19-22,1971, p 146-148,4 fig, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Confinement pens, Oxidation, Odors. Dusts, Aerobic treatment, Biological oxygen demand. Watte water treat- ment. Water rente, Hogt. Identifier!: "Automatic flushing. Flushing tankt. Solids separator, Fuch't oxygenator. Manure it flushed out by flooding the gutters of a confinement building where 500 pigs are raited from 20 to 220 Ibt. This way no labor it needed to scrape the manure out plus no of f entive odort are released into the building because of frequent flushing. The flushed wastewater ia pumped onto a screen which separates the solids from the liquid. The solids are aerobicafly digested, deodorized and stored before final disposal onto agriculturally productive land. The liquidt separated at the screen are discharged into an oxidation ditch. Ditch effluent it clarified and the supernatant ia pumped back into the building as flushing water. Provisions to disinfect the recycled water for odor and disease control are present in the system. Ltboratory-tcale model wat tested to arrive at maximum loading rates for odor control. Four loading rates ruling from 3040 Ibs VS/IOOO ft/day were tested. Preliminary remits show that hourly loading it better than daily slug loading. All loading rates can be effective, but the higher ratet require closer tupervision. Odort given off are am- monia-like at first but change to earthy or musky inoffensive odors after the 6th day. Foaming wat much greater with slug loading. However, the set- tling characteristics of the slug-load unit were better than hourly-loading. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0803 - D4, E3 MANURE MANAGEMENT IN A 7H-HEAD SWINE-FINISHING BUILDING; TWO AP- PROACHES USING RENOVATED WASTE WATER, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept of Agricultural En- gineering. R. ]. Smith, T. E. Hazen, and I. R. Miner. Ia: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Sympotium on Livettock Wattes, Ohio State University, April 18-22,1971, p 149-1)3,7 fig, 2 tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: •Farm watte, Confinement pent. Swine, Chemical oxygen demand, Settling, basin. Oxidation treatment, Sludge, Water reuse. Identifier!: 'Flushing gutter, Anaerobic lagoon. Iowa State University had uted fresh water for flushing manure from a confinement building but difficulties in effluent disposal stopped this prac- tice. Two lyitemi of watte water renovation wen examined. Preliminary ttudiet showed that adequate manure removal and reduced water ute could be obtained by intermittent discharge of a tank of cleaning water. Mechanisms for con- trolling such discharge are described. The presence of an open flushing guru.- in the pen area wat found to affect defecation habitt very favorably, alto the action of the pigs' feet im- proved manure transport. The effect on the pigs of exposing them to their renovated effluent was unknown; hence, the first scheme included an anaerobic lagoon followed by an oxidation ditch, both external to the building. Total sludge return to the oxidation ditch wat uted by incorporating a settling tank. Conventional sanitary engineering measurements were made at various points in the cycle; these included oxygen demand, solids, vari- ous inorganic ions and a membrane filter count of colifonn density. Tests were started in January 1969, and it wat found that a stable, odorless ef- fluent of lets than 150 mgjl BOD5 could easily be obtained, even at low ditch temperatures. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0804 - B2 IMPROVING WATER UTILIZATION EFFI- CIENCY IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC WASTE REMOVAL, Agricultural Research Service, BehsvOk, Md. Agricultural Engineering Research Div. E. E. Jones, 0. B. WDlson, and W. F. Schwksow. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings. International Sympoti- um on Livettock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 154-158.11 fig. 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wattes. Velocity. Automa- tion, Hogt. Water utilization. Identifiers: 'Automatic hydraulic watte removal. Flush tank. One of the goals of the USDA Fannitead Water Systems Research it to improve water utilization efficiency in livestock sanitation. Reports of large volumes of water being used to remove solids from under slotted floors led to theoretical and model studies of automatic hydraulic watte removal in 1963. In 1966 certain principle! developed from thete studiei were incorporated ia a partically slotted floor swine building. A max- imum design fluth volume of 3 gallons per pig (300 gallons) wat uted. Movie film analysis of watte removal revealed that at much at 90% of the water was discharged clear at the end of the gutter. Reducing fluth volume to 160 gallons resulted ia incomplete watte removal Major factors limiting water utilization efficiency have been identified and verified in design modifications. Unsteady flow conditions and the modification of fluid pro- perties by dissolved and tutpended solids result in velocities about 30% higher than predicted by Manning's formula. Above velocities of 3 fpt the relationships between waste deposition, depth of flow and duration of flow determine water utiliza- tion efficiency. Automatic hydraulic watte removal by making possible daily or more frequent waste removal will provide • batter livestock en- vironment at leu cost. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0805 - D4 HIGH KATE POULTRY MANURE COMPOST- DIG WITH SAWDUST, North Carolina State Univ.. Raleigh. Dept of Civil Engineering. W. S. GaUer, and C. B. Davey. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedincs International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 159-162,9 fig, 2 tab, 2 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Poultry, Aerobic treatment. Carbon, Nitrogen, Drains, Cation exchange. Crop response. Watte treatment. Identifiers: 'Composting, Sawdnst 302 image: ------- The feasibility of bi(h rate, thennophilic compost- ing of animal wa»tci mixed with carbonaceous materiali aad the affect of the compost on plant growth were investigated. Poultry manure and sawdust were initially selected in order to get the proper moisture content and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N). Each batch was characterized chemi- cally in order to determine the moisture content, the proper C:N and available phosphorus, potassi- um, calcium, and magnesium. Sixteen batch stu- dies were made using a 45 cubic foot rotating drum approximately two-thirds full. The composting mass was aerated continuously. The effects of aeration, agitation, C:N, and moisture content were studied. The pH, temperature, and oxygen uptake were studied for each run. Mass balances were made to determine nitrogen losses. Cellulose degradation wai also studied. After removal from the composter, cellulose degradation took place as • fungus developed in the pile. The cellulose con- tent decreased during the storage phase by over 25% in four to six weeks while the cation exchange capacity rose from 33 milli-equivalents per 100 grams to 67 milli-equivalents per 100 grama. Nitrogen losses for the properly run process averaged about J.5%. The final product had a buckish-white color and an odor resembling a fresh humus soil. Greenhouse studies were made using tomatoes, wheat, millet and greenbeans. The plants were planted in soil compost mixture rang- ing from 0% to 100% compost by weight. (Bnndy-Iowa State) 0806 - D4 COMPOSTING DAIRY COW WASTES, Agricultural Reiearch Service, Beltsville, Md. Livestock Engineering and Farm Structures Research Branch. Q.B.WUlson. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 163-165,4 fig, 2 tab, 4 ret. Descriptor!: *Farm wastes, Aerobic treatment. Cattle, Hay, Silage, Grains, Odor, Wsste treat- ment. Identifier*: •Composting. Composting is a biological process for the degradation of solid waste*. It has been used to reduce municipal wastes to an odorless, stable material that may be used as a soil conditioner. The compost may be easily handled or stored. Like other biological degradation processes, the process may be either aerobic or anaerobic or a combination. The aerobic process is faster and produces more heat, which maintains the elevated temperatures required. The aerobic process, which seem* to have merit for treatment of farm animal wastes, was studied. Wsste from the gutter of a stanchion bam was used. Two types of bedding, straw and wood sawdust, wen evalu- ated. Several of the process parameters have been investigated on a pilot scale with approximately one-half ton batches and on a bench scale. These parameters include air flow rale, moisture content, temperature, pH, and agitation frequency. Dry matter was reduced about 60%. The total weight was reduced about 80%, including the effect of lowering the moisture content from 75 to 50% dur- ing the proceis. Volume wa* reduced 30 to 30% on a loose basis. The final product his a faint musty odor in a moist condition. It is odorless when air- dried to about 10% moisture content (Bundy-Iowa State) 0807 - A2, Bl, Cl, C5, El QUALITY OF EFFLUENT ROM FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION HTIS, Louisiana Tech Univ., Huston. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. I. W. D. Robbins, G. I. Kriz. and D. H. HoweOs. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 166-169,5 fig, 4 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Coliforms, Biochemi- cal oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand, Carbon, Lagoons, Runoff, Water pollution sources. Water pollution control, Waste disposal. Effluents from twelve animal production sites representing three types of waste management operations-land disposal, lagooning and direct discharge into streams-were measured aad more than 1500 samples were collected for analyses. The water samples were analyzed for (a) bacterial densities-total colifonni, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci; (b) degradable organics- biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total solids and volatile solids; and (c) nutrient*-- organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphate and orthophosphate. Other measurements included pH, conductivity, initial dissolved oxygen and temperature. Site data were collected in order to evaluate the pollutions! potential of each site and the management factors determining the amount of wastes that reached water courses. These data included the number and size of animals, types and amounts of feeds, types of waste handling facilities and practices, waste retention or drainage times, soil classifications, rainfall, tem- perature, flow rates and some characterization of wastes produced. Study result* point to the need for and superiority of land disposal for animal wastes to effectively control water pollution. Direct dumping of animal wastes into streams is essentially predictable by characterization of fresh wastes and should be prohibited. Effluents fiom waste lagoons were found to exceed raw domestic sewage in strength and should not be discharged without further treatment. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0808 - D4 WATER HYACINTHS TO FURTHER TREAT ANAEROBIC LAGOON KFFLUENT, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J. R. Miner, I. W. Woolen, and J. D. Dodd. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings, International Symposi- um on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 170-173,4 fig. 7 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Water hyacinth. Aero- bic treatment. Oxidation lagoons. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Chemical oxygen demand, Waste water treatment. Identifier*: 'Anaerobic lagoon effluent. Effluent from an anaerobic lagoon treating liquid swine manure was pumped through a scries of four pools, each ten feet in diameter. Water hyacinths were grown on these pools in an effort to provide further treatment The plants flourished, neces- sitating weekly harvesting of one-fourth of the growth. During the month of July 1970, nine pounds of ammonia were added to the system in the influent and less than one-fourth pound discharged in the effluent. During this same period, 21 pound* of COD were added and 2.6 pounds discharged. Extrapolating the system to a per acre basis indicates ammonium nitrogen removal to be in excess of 35 pounds per acre per day, COD removal to exceed 100 pound* per acre per day and phosphate, removal to exceed IS pounds per acre per day. "Nitrate release wa* less than 0.) pounds per acre per day. In one sample weekly harvest (Aug. 14 - Aug. 21), 450 plant* with a total wet weight of 90 Ibs. were removed from two of the ponds having a combined area of ap- proximately 160 sq. ft This corresponds to an in- crease of over 17,000 new plant* per acre per day and an increase in wet weight of over 2500 pound* per acre per day. At a 4% dry weight conversion factor, this equals 100 pounds of dry weight per .acre per day. The system has performed satisfac- torily showing potential as a means of removing nutrients from partially treated animal wastes which are not removed by currently used processes. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0809 - D4 ENZYME-FACaiTATED MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Microbiology. G. K. Elmund, S. M. Morrison, and D. W. Grant. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 174-175,4 fig, 7 ret. Descriptors: "Firm wastes. Cattle, Feed lots. En- zymes, Biochemical oxygen demand, Microbial degradation, Amino acids, Proteins. Identifiers: 'Enzymatic hydrolysis. The cleavage of the macromolecular fraction is a rate-limiting step preceding its oxidation or as- similation during the initial microbial decomposi- tion of cattle feedlot manure. Increasing the initial rate of hydrolysis of the macromolecules may stimulate the development of a microflora actively involved in the subsequent stages of the decom- position process. Methodologies have been developed to evaluate and optimize conditions tor enzymatic hydrolysis of manure substrates as well as bioassay techniques to measure the resultant in- creased rates of microbial activity. The results of studies with proteolytic enzymes are presented as a model system. Fresh manure from feedlot cattle receiving a high concentrate ration was ex- haustively dialyzed, lyophUized and ground in a Waring blender.Jhe non-dialyzable manure com- ponents contained 94 percent of the dry matter of fresh manure. The material contained 275 mg/gm protein of which 75 mg/gm was soluble protein. After three hours incubation with Pronase B grade (Calbiochem), essentially all of the soluble and 17.5 percent of the insoluble protein was hydrolyzed. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the protein fraction of feedlot manure appears to significantly increase the initial rate of microbial oxidation of the manure substrate. The results give promise to the use of hydrolytk enzymes to facilitate the overall rate of manure decomposition. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0810 - A2, C3. C4 WATER AND SOIL OXYGEN DEMAND OF LIVESTOCK WASTES, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. E. P. Tsiganides, R. K. White, and R. L. Stroshine. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 176-179,7 fig, 4 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Sulfur, Carbon, Nitrogen, Waste treatment, Biochemical oxygen demand, Analytical techniques. Identifiers: 'Soil oxygen demand, Winkler method, Warburg respirometer. The oxygen demands of animal manures placed in a water environment were measured using the standard BOD dilution-bottle technique and the Warburg respirometer method, using leeded and unseeded samples and incubating the samples at temperature* ranging from 12 deg. C to 28 deg. C. It was concluded that oxygen demand unite should be reported in mg O2 per gram of total solid* (mg/g TS) or as percent of TS. Seeding animal manure samples with supernatant from aerated sewage produced a significantly higher BOD curve than for unseeded samples. Total BOD (56 daya at 20 deg. C) of animal manure constituted 40 to 50 per- cent of the COD, but the 5-day BOD is less than 14 percent of the COD of the same Waste. Either the 303 image: ------- Winkler method or oxygen meter may be used with similar accuracies in the measurement of dis- solved oxygen in BOD bottles. Warburg respirometer is a good apparatus to use to deter- mine oxygen demand of animal wastes. A test to measure the rate and ultimate oxygen demand of animal manure incorporated into top soil is called Soil Oxygen Demand (SOD). In the SOD test, waste is placed in an air-tight Warburg flask con- taining soil. As microbes decompose the waste, oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is released. The carbon dioxide is absorbed by a solution of 40 percent potassium hydroxide which is placed in a vial in the flask. The quantity of ox- ygen consumed is determined by measuring changes in the pressure in the flask and calculating the change in quantity of gas, using the ideal gas law. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0811 - C3, C4 BOD ANALYSIS OF SWINE WASTE AS AF- FECTED BY FEED ADDITIVES, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering. J. D. Ariail, F. J. Humenik, and O. I. Kriz. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 180-182.8 fig, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Swine. Biochemical oxygen demand. Copper, Zinc, Sewage, Lagoons, Analytical techniques, Feeds. Identifiers: 'Feed antibiotics. The effects of feed antibiotic, copper and zinc concentrations, and simple dilution upon the stan- dard BOD5 analysis lor swine wastes were in- vestigated. Analyses were made on swine feces, lagoon influent and lagoon effluent. Antibiotic concentrations in the swine waste were found by modifying the AOAC (1*65) microbiological method for the assay of chlortetracycline in animil feeds. The copper and line concentrations of digested samples were determined with an atomic absorption speclrophotometer. The amount of each inhibitory substance present in the BOD bot- tle for die various sample dilutions waa deter- mined. The amount of metal or antibiotic present wss related to the amount of organics. Therefore all BOD dilutions that result in an acceptable ox- ygen depletion have similar concentrations at or- ganic! and inhibitory substances. Recommenda- tions presented for the selection and determination of the most reliable BOD5 data for animal waste are different from commonly accepted criteria for obtaining the statistically best BODS results for domestic and industrial wantewater. The mem- brane filter technique outlined in Standard Methods for the determination of the fecal streptococcus content of sewage and animal waste is superior to the membrane filter technique utiliz- ing Bacto-KF streptococcus broth. (Bandy-Iowa State) 0812 - C4, D4 PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS SURVIVAL AND ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION, Illinois Univ., Urbaaa. Dept. of Microbiology; and Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of VeUriun Pathology and Hygiene. R. C. Meyer, F. C. Hinds, H. R. Isaacson, and T. D.Hinealy. In: Livestock Waste Manag*"*"' Md Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971.p UJ.lS4.2fig. 1 tab, 6 ret. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Sludge digestion, Viruses, Swine. Anaerobic digestion. Link information is available on the effect of anaerobic sludge digestion upon viruses. Labora- tory anaerobic digesters of 1 liter capacity were set dp in duplicate employing sludge obtained from the local municipal sewage treatment plant. The digesters were monitored and upon stabilization after 4 to 5 days, they were seeded with 100 ml. of a virus suspension containing 10 deg PFU/ml. of a swine enterovirus. At tine intervals ranging from 1/2 hr. to 12 days 25 ml. samples were withdrawn from each digester and pooled. The presence of in- fectious virus in the respective samples was deter- mined by the capacity of a 20 mL volume, upon oral administration, to infect 10-14 day old germ- free piglets. Fecal samples were collected from each pig twice a day (A.M. and P.M.) on the 3rd and 4th day post challenge and pooled. Feasible in- fection of piglets by the indicator virus was deter- mined by standard virologic procedures employing diploid porcine kidney cell cultures; Virus, when recovered from the piglets was identified by seroiogic procedures as the test agent Virus could not be detected or demonstrated by pig challenge after the 4th day in the anaerobic digesters. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0813 - A5, D2 THROUGH-CIRCULATION DRYING Of MANURE IN SUPERHEATED STEAM, Drexel Univ., Philadelphia. Pa. Dept. of Chemical Eagjneering. I. R. Thygeson, E. D. Qrossmann. and J. MacArthnr. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971.nl »<-! 89.7 fig, 1 tab. 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Drying, Odor, Moisture content. Waste treatment. Waste disposal. Steam. Identifiers: 'Superheated steam, Continuous con- veyor dryer. Treatment of livestock waste to produce a biochemically stable and odor free product capa- ble of use as a feed additive, soil conditioner, or fuel is described. The process involves the drying of a packed bed of wet manure extrusions in a closed cycle system emptying superheated steam as the drying medium. The prospective advantages of this method of waste treatment include: (I) high production rate per unit area of plant; (2) minimum environmental pollution associated with the process; (3) relative inseniitivity to changes m en- vironmental and feed conditions; (4) capability of treating the undiluted manure; (5) production of a stable, odorless, tree-flowing solid convenient for storing or transporting. Preliminary experimental studies on the extrudability of the wet manure and on the pressure drop and drying characteristics of the packed bed indicate that the material can be dried succelsfully in a through-flow system. The steam was forced through the bed of wet extru- sions in a laboratory-scale test apparatus which permitted easy removal of the test section for periodic weighing. The equipment was cspabte of achieving the following limits oa the drying parameters: bed depth of 9 inches; superficial velocity of 1000 feet per minute; fluid temperature of 350 deg F; superheat equivalent to 140 deg F. Provision for pressure drop, flow, and tempera- tun measurement was incorporated in the system. (Bundy-Iowa State) 0814 - D3 PYROLYStt OF LIVESTOCK WASTES, Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. RlTwhtte, and E, V. Tajganides. In: Livestock Waste Management and PoDutlon Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971,p 190-191. Jflg. J tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Anaerobic conditions, Poultry, Swine, Cattle, Thermal capacity. Odor, Waste treatment, Incineration. Identifiers: 'Pyrolysts. Pyrolysis is the 'anaerobic' incineration of wastes in contrast to combustion which might be termed 'aerobic' incineration. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of materials heated to high tem- peratures in the absence of free oxygen. Animal manures were heated to 800 deg C at a controlled rate and in an airtight vicor tube placed inside a standard muffle furnace. The released gases were collected by displacing a brine solution and their composition was determined by a standard burrett gas analyzer. Quantities of gas produced and their average composition are tabulated. Advantages of pyrolyiis include the production of gases which can be reclaimed (or heat energy and a dry and in- nocuous residue product with reduced volume. (Bundy-Iowa Slate) 0815 - D2 DRYING POULTRY WASTE, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. . T. C. Surbrook, C. C. Sheppard. J. S. Boyd, H. C. Zindcl,andC.I.Plegal. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 192-194.4 fig, 4 tab, 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, Drying, Proteins, Poultry, Potassium, Phosphorus, Tem- perature, Time, Storage. Identifiers: Pneumatic drying process. High tem- perature drying. Experiments were conducted to evaluate a com- mercial poultry excreta drier and to minimize nutrient losses in the resulting product. The output of this machine was 340 pounds per hour of dried poultry waste. Drying is a potential way of han- dling poultry wastes from an economic stand- point. The fiaal product, dried poultry waste, is in a form which can be easily handled. Samples of 'dried poultry excreta show a wide (11-31 percent) variation in protein content. From 50 to 65 percent of the available protein remains in the dried poultry wasu. Trials were conducted to relate protein loss to the amount of heat as measured at one point in the drier. In temperature ranges from 450 deg to 700 dcg F, there was a rang* of three percent on a dry basis from the same unprocessed waste. Generally speaking, the low range of tem- peratures were loss destructive of protein. Then is a relationship between protein loss and storage time. This is not evident for 14 days or less storage lime. Protein loss is evident for storage periods of four to six months in commercial poultry houses. ' (Bundy-Iowa State) 0816 - Bl, Fl ECONOMICS OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM CONFINED LIVESTOCK, Purdue Univ.. Lafayette. Ind. Dept. of Agricul- tural Economics. W. H.M.Morris. In: Livestock Waste Management sod Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 195-196.4 tab, 3 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Economic feasibili- ty, 'Waste treatment. Aerobic treatment, Costs, Fertilizers, Nutrients. Waste disposal. Oxidation lagoons. IdeaUfiers: 'Field spreading. The costs of handling livestock wastes must be considered in the framework of the total produc- tion system, and this may change the location, volume, consistency, and composition of the waste. Furthermore, such items as slotted floors and oxidation ditches often comprise a large part 304 image: ------- of the total cost of a building. Under U.S. condi- tions, the cost of disposal of livestock wastes ex- ceeds their value. No one system of disposal it the leatt costly or the most profitable under ill cir- cumstances, Factors such as the cost of labor and of capital and availability of land in different seasons determine the economically optimal system. No profitable method can be foreseen for industrial or domestic utilization of any significant part of the livestock waste produced. It is ex- pected that the producer will continue to use the presently available systems of disposal for the foreseeable future. Spreading on land, anaerobic, and aerobic treatment and feeding all seem practi- cal alternatives. The economic choice depends on the species, the environment, and many other fac- tors. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0817 - Bl, Fl, F3 MARKETING CONVERTED POULTRY MANURE, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Animal Industries. H.C.Jordan. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971,p 197-198. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizeri, •Nutrients, "Poultry, Market value. Byproducts, Odor, Nitrogen. Identifiers: 'Compost, Soil conditioner. Surveys were sent to firms engaged in processing and marketing poultry manure as a fertilizer or or- ganic soil conditioner. The needs for a marketable product are: (I) Total anaerobic microbe count must be reduced through drying to control odor; (2) Odor must be reduced to nil and then may be mashed with a plesant odor for lawn and garden trades; (3) Nitrogen in the form of urea and uric acid must be stabilized so that it is not released quickly and does not burn plants for lawn and garden sale; (4) The product must flow through a lawn spreader and be easy to handle for lawn and garden trade; (5) The product must be stored in bags without picking up water and giving off odor for lawn and garden market; (6) Advertising and sale must be done without 'poultry manure' in the name of the product because of consumer or buyer resistance, with the possible exceptions of indus- trial sales and naming an organic product 'com- posted poultry manure'. One may need to guard against negative advertising of odors, diseases, burning plants, and drawing flies. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0818 - Dl, El, Fl THE ECONOMICS OF SWINK WASTE DISPOSAL, Environmental Research and Applications, lac., Wilton, Conn. R. W. Okey, and S. Balakrishnan. la: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 199-203, 5 fig,«tab, 26 ref. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Costs, 'Economic feasibility, Aerobic treatment, Nitrification, Dcnitrification, Waste treatment. Waste disposal. Phosphorus. Identifiers: Phosphorus removal. It is desirable to codify and apply research findings from several applicable disciplines and to review the cost/effectiveness ratio ot waste treat- ment procedures in the light of new pollution eon- trot laws. The essential requirements of treatment are considered to be the total stabilization of car- bonaceous and nitrogenous materials with no crea- tion of odors. Possible treatment methods include (I) round disposal, (2) lagoon storage, (3) total ox- idative treatment, (4) organic solids separation and treatment of the liquid stream, (5) primary treat- ment plus nitrogen and/or phosphorus removal and/or dissolved solids removal. The costs for waste treatment for a 5,000 animal swine system ranged from $17,«00 for a 'solids separation prior to oxidative conversion of ammonia' system to $35,300 per year for a 'basic oxidation treatment with nitrogen and phosphorus removal' system. If total solids removal was required, the overall management costs of either system would be 'i- creased by $7,300 by adding a membrane system to remove all the inorganics. In addition, a satisfactory point of ultimate disposal must be ound for the solid, which were separated out. For small livestock systems, the cost per unit will be increased slightly for most treatments. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0819 - Bl, Fl, F3 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OP ENVIRON- MENTAL QUALITY LEGISLATION FOR CON- FINED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS, Oklahoma Slate Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. D. D. Badger, and G. R. Cross. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 204-207.3 fig, 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Confinement pens. Costs, Regulation, Farm lagoons, Cattle, Hogs, Oklahoma, Waste treatment. Recently instituted air and water quality standards and resulting State legislation have caused con- fined animal feeding operators to invest con- siderably more in construction and operation of their production system. Approaches being used to handle the animal waste and water runoff problem include stockpiling of manure, land spreading, use of oxidation ditches, and use of stabilization ponds. B>ef wastes are handled mainly by scrap- ing, loading, hauling, Had dumping. Costs for this type of handling are 0.15 to 1.0 cents per pound of gain for sizable feedlots. Hog operations are generally either pasture, feeding flow-no lagoons, slotted or solid feeding floor with adjacent lagoon, or slotted floor with lagoon directly below. Pasture systems had waste handling costs of 0.5 to 0.1 cents per pound of gain, solid feed floor-no lagoon systems had costs of I to 0.2 cents per pound, nnd totally slotted floors had labor costs of 0.5 to 0.) cents per pound of gain. Implications are that site selection will be much more critical in the future. Increased use of zoning to keep incompatible operations and urban areas separated will be necessary. (Schmitt-Iowa state) 0820 - A2, Bl, Fl COST OF MAINTAINING SPECIFIED LEVELS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CON. FINED CATTLE FEEDING OPERATIONS FOR THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. H. Y. Lee, and T.R. Owens. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio Slate University, April 19-22.1971, p 207-2(0.1 fig, 5 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Agricultural runoff, Confinement pens, F«-ed lots, Costs, Tex- as, Water pollution control. Identifiers: 'Southern High Plains! The Southern High Plains of the U.S. has wit- nessed the rapid expansion of confined cattle feed- ing operations. From lest than 500,000 head of fed cattle marketed in 1959, the figure increased to over 2.5 million bead by 1969 in the state of Texat alone. Surplus feed grain supply, abundant feeder cattle tupply, dry and mild climate, gentle terrain, and an excellent transportation network con- tributed to the development. Some of these factors have .also contributed to serious water pollution problems. An immediate solution to the problem might be the utilization of collection basins to col- lect feedlot runoff for subsequent discharge to an open field or modified playa lake or alternatively left for natural evaporation. The two runoff con- trol systems are termed, respectively, 'mechanical discharge systems' and 'evaporative discharge systems'. Annual costs would range from $1,011 to 13,125 for 5,000 and 25,000 head lots, respectively. This is an average cost of 8.2 cents per head of oc- cupancy. Disposing of solid manure is still a major problem with these systems. A 'modified environ- ment system' consisting of concrete slotted floors and a roof covering the pen area and collection pits appears promising. This type of construction is estimated at about $75 per head, compared with $25 per head for a typical cattle feedlot. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0821 - B2, D4 AN OXIDATION DITCH FOR THE HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF POULTRY WASTES. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. C. Loehr, D. F. Anderson, and A. C. Anthonisen. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 209-212,5 fig. 3 tab, 5 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration. 'Aerobic treatment, 'Poultry, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Waste storage, 'Waste water treatment, 'Oxidation lagoons. An oxidation ditch was used to handle and treat poultry wastes from a cage layer operation. The results showed that an oxidation ditch it a reasona- ble alternative for handling, treatment and disposal of poultry wastes where odor control, liquid waste handling and reduction of the oxygen demand are desirable or necessary goals in a poultry operation. Mixed liquor should not be disposed of in surface waters;, however, land disposal is an acceptable disposal method. There was no overflow from this ditch due to the high evaporation rate. The ditch acted « »» aerated holding tank. Total solids exceeded 8% when the ditch was emptied after 274 days of operation. BOD5 was 4200 tng/1 and total nitrogen was 3800 mg/1 when the ditch wat emptied in January 1971. Balances on the system showed 53 percent total solids. 62 percent volatile solids, S3 percent BODS, 63 percent COD, and 31 percent of the total nitrogen were lost over the 274 day run. The original volume of the ditch was 1200 gallons. To offset 2100 gallons of evaporation, a total of 2900 gallons of water was added intermittently. After startup, the pH ranged from S.O to 6.5. Air flow in the control chamber wat 3 to 5 cfm per bird for the 246 birds. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0822 - B2, D4 DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PA8VHR OXIDATION DITCH ON A LARGE BRITISH COLUMBIA SWINI FARM, Department of Agriculture, Abbotsford (British Columbia). T. A. Windt, N. R. Bulley, and L. M. Staley, In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium oa Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 213-216.1 tab. 7 fig. 11 rel. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Oxidation lagoons, Hogt, Watte Storage. Biochemical ox- ygen demand, 'Waste water treatment, Odor. Identifiers: Paaveer ditch. One 350 to 400 hog unit of a 25,000 commercial 305 image: ------- •wine enterprise wu equipped with * Patveer ox- idation ditch. The ditch w» i capacity of 3,000 cubic feet and it approximately 220 feet long, 3 feet deep, and filled and maintained at a 22 inch liquid level. Hogs were placed in the structure in early June 1970. Foaming occurred about one month after placement and wai controlled with an antifoam agent. The oxidation ditch has given complete odor control of the waste. The effluent from the ditch is easily handled by most pumps for final disposal. The cost of operating the 5 hor- sepftwer rotor for the ditch was about 25 cents per finished hog, at an electricity cost of 1.1 Cents per Kw-br. The oxygen concentration in the ditch measured at two-week intervals has varied from 3 to 6 ppm oxygen. The theoretical loading rate of volatile solids was based on a value of 5.9 pounds of volatile solids per day per 1000 pounds of live weight. The BOD has ranged from 600 to 2,000 ppm in the oxidation ditch, compared with a BOD value of 40,000 ppm for the raw 2aste. There seems to be a cyclic nature to the quality of con- tents in the oxidation ditch but this is not completely understood. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0823 - D4, F4 BEEF WASTES AND THE OXIDATION DITCH TODAY AND TOMORROW, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultursl Engineering. R. E. Larson, and I. A. Moore. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 217-219.4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Aeration, 'Oxidation Ugoons, Waste storage, Cattle, Biological oxygen demand, 'Waste water treatment. The oxidation ditch can be operated at • batch system for treatment of beef animal wastes in cold climates. Ill role at a management system, how- ever, will be limited to that of collection, odorless temporary storage and partial treatment. Seconda- ry and complete treatment of wastes will probably be accomplished by land disposal. In areas with below zero winter temperatures, a 'ditch* can be operated successfully for a 150-day batch period. After starting with a loading rate of 50 cu. ft. per 'animal, the solids concentration builds up to about 10-11%, which appears to be a maximum for suc- cessful operation. An estimated 20-30% REDUC- TION IN SOLIDS HAS BEEN ACCOM- PLISHED. These reiulti aod the other measured parameters Indicate the design criteria for use of the oxidation ditch for beef systems wilt be very critical and additional research it necessary. There is also a need to study the interrelation between ventilation system design and the efficient opera- tion of the ditch. Solids handling, especially with high roughage and whole grain rations, present some unsolved problems. (Schmitt-Iowa State) liquid manure continuously terated in 'fill and draw' oxidation ditches have been monitored over a number of 28-day storage periods over the last two years. While BOD reductions were less than had been expected on the basil of theoretical rotor efficiency, losses of nitrogen caused by nitrifica- tion-denitrification were very large and exceeded 50% of input as soon as active population of nitrifien had become established. Solid manure aeration was evaluated in a drum fined with an in- ternal mixing rotor. The input consisted of equal volumes of poultry manure and soft wood shavings. The compost when discharged, after six days retention within the machine, was dark brown in color and had a strong but short-lived odor of ammonia. Although not completely stabil- ized, the compost could nevertheless be stored for extended periods of time without developing ob- jectionable odors. (Scbmitt- Iowa State) 0825 - C4, C5, D4 MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AEROBI- CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTE, School of Agriculture, Aberdeen (Scotland). Bac- teriology Div. K. Robinson, I. R. Saxon, and S. H. Baxter. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 225-228.7 fig, 2 tab, < ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aerobic treatment. Aeration, Chemical oxygen demand, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Pathogenic bacteria, 'Waste water treatment. Identifiers: "Staphylococcus. The aerobic microbial degradation of swine wastes was evaluated in field studiei. Studies on the in- fluence of diet on the composition of waste as a microbial substrate have shown the excretion of Inhibitory levels of copper. Chemical analyses of some of the soluble components ,have made it possible to compare the rates of breakdown of these components with changes in pH and the rate of removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand. A progressive and marked fall in oxygen solubility occurs as the waste concentration increases. Suspensions of Salmonella, Streptococcus, or Staphylococcus were inoculated into aerating urine cultures; these organisms survive for period* exceeding 8 days. It is possible to produce * biologically stable effluent, occasionally with a satisfactory BOD, and a clean, odorless, residual solid. Further work is needed to show how the process of purification can be unproved and more clearly understood. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0824 - D4 AEROBIC TREATMENT OK LIQUID AND SOLID POULTRY MANURE, Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). J. Pos, R. 0. Bell, and J. B. Robinson. In: Livestock Waste Management nnd Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 220-224.7 tab, 6 fig, 11 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoons, Btodegradatten, Nitrification, Denitrification, Aeration, Poultry, Waste storage, 'Waste water trutntot* Identifiers: •Compost. Effects of aerobic treatment on liquid and solid poultry manure have been evaluated In a number of pilot studies. The changes in composition of 0826 - E2. E3 CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL ANALYSES AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATIONS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT WASTE, Southwestern Great Plains Research Center, Bushland, Tex. A. C. Mathers, and B. A. Stewart. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 229-234.2 tab, 6 fig, 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Grain sorghum, •Crop response. Soil tests, Leaching, Nitrates, Cattle, Feed lois, Irrigation effects. A field study was initiated In 19M to determine, the effect of varying rates of cattle feedlot waste on crop growth, nitrate content of forage, and accu- mulation of nitrate, chlorides, and other con- stituents in the soil profile. Rates of feedlot waste were 0,10, 30,60,120, and 240 T/A applied to the same plots annually. One treatment received 240 T/A the first year only. Commercial fertilizer treatments of 240-0-0 and 240-50-50 tbs/A applied annually were alto included to compare to the waste treated plots. Wastes were spread and plowed under in the spring. In 1969, the plots were not irrigated prior to seeding grain sorghum, but they were in 1970. Seasonal irrigations were ap- plied as needed to provide adequate moisture for plant growth. Soil samples were taken before the experiment was started, at seeding times, and fol- lowing harvests. Samples were analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, chlorides, and conduc- tivity. Yield values and soil analyses concerning the first two years of the study are presented and discussed. (SchmitMowa State) 0827 - B2, D4 A BARRIERED LANDSCAPE WATER RENOVATION SYSTEM FOR REMOVING PHOSPHATE AND NITROGEN FROM LIQUID FEEDLOT WASTE, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A. E. Erickson, J. M. Tiedje. B. G. Ellis, and C. M. Hansen. ' In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 232-234.2 fig. 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Nitrification, Denitrification, Nutrient removal. Feed lots. Hogs, 'Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Barriered Landscape Water Renova- tion System. A Barriered Landscape Water Renovation System (BLWRS) consists of an inexpensive impervious water barrier installed below the surface of sand soils. The barrier modifies the soil environment so that an aerobic zone and an anaerobic zone are formed in the soil. The liquid waste is spread on the aerobic zone where the organic matter is decomposed and the nitrogen compounds nitrified. The nitrate is leached into the anaerobic zone where denitrifkation takes place. The phosphate i* removed from the system by adsorption on a phosphate adsorber and in the soil The renovated water, low in adsorption on a phosphate adsorber and in the soil. The renovated water, low in nitrogen, phosphate, and organic matter, seeps off the edges of the barrier into the aquifer or the water can be collected and, recycled. Anaerobic swine waste was spread on this barrier. The total nitrogen content of the wastewater was 440 ppm and of the effluent less than 2 ppm. The avenge phosphate content of the waste was 38 ppm and of the effluent 0.04 ppm of phosphate. This simple, inexpensive, nnd efficient way of disposal of feedlot wastewater will also protect surface and underground waters from contamination. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0828 - E2, Fl DISPOSAL OF BEEF MANURE BY DEEP FLOWING, Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, D. L. Reddell, W. H. Johnson, P. J. Lyerly, and P. Hobgood. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 235-231.4 fig, 4 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Deep Ullage, 'Cost comparisons, Cattle, Crop production, Crop response. Trenches, Waste disposal. Four tillage techniques for deep plowing large quantities of manure into the soil were evaluated at Bl Paso and Pecos, Texas, during the summer of 1970. The soQ at Bl Paso is a sandy loam, with a 306 image: ------- tandy subsoil. The loU it Pecot ii • lilty clay loam. Up to 900 toot of minure per Kit can b« plowed under with a 30-inch moldboard plow at a minimum coit of 4.5 cent* per ton. In landy toils, the diik plow ihould be able to plow under at least 600 toni per acre with a minimum cost of 2.1 cents per ton. The 18-inch plow Is limited to about 300 toot per acre. The trencher seems molt versatile from the itandpolnt of high ratei and soil penetra- tion depthi. The coiti wifl be high and in the order of 50 cents per ton at the 900 ton level. The complete mixing of manure and soil as done by the trencher is Impressive. At this time, the water quality program shows no serious pollution problem for surface water runoff. The soil water samples at the 4-foot depth indicate that denitrlfi- cation is taking- place. The major groundwiter and soil pollution problem would appear to be from •odium chloride. (Schmltt- Iowa State) 0829 - A3, C3, C4, E2 WATER QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM CRASS- LAND APPLIED WITH LIQUID, SEMI-LIQUID, AND'DRV DAIRY WASTE. Auburn Univ., Ala. Dept. of Animal and Dairy T?A°UcCaskey, 0. H. Rollins, and I. A. Little. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 239-242.1 fig, 5 tab. 4 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Return How, Water quality. Cattle, Odor, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Agricultural runoff, "Water reuse, Waste disposal. Identifiers: •Field-spreading. Dairy waste was applied to runoff plots to simulate rates of application employed on Auburn Univer- sity Agr. Bxp. Station: (a) irrigation of waste from a holding tank; (b) spreading by • tank wagon, and (e) conventional manure ipreader for applying 'dry watts'. Irrigation of liquid manure on grass- land at 0.96 toms per acre (dry basis) once each 3 weeks hai been practiced with commercial equip- ment for 21 months. There were no significant odors, flies, or manure accumulation problems at the disposal site. The application of 0.6 tons per acre once or twice during a three-weak period by a tank spreader for 19 months also did not cause any problems. The application of watte by the conven- tional method on permanent disposal sites at rates greater than 3.2 tons/acre once each three weeks resulted in marked accumulation of manure solids. Rates exceeding those accomplished with one or two applications per three-week cycle are not ad- vised unless a cropping system Is need. The average BOD5 was 147 mg/1 for runoff from grass- land applied with an accumulative total of 34 tone (dry bails) per acre as irrigated waste, 45 mg/1 for 22 tons/acre of semi-liquid waste, 87 mg/1 for 122 tons/acre dry waste, and 17 mg/1 for the control. (Schmltt-Iowa State) 0830 - C3, E2 FATK 01 INORGANIC FORMS OF N -AND SALT FROM LAND-DUPOSED MANURES FROM DAIRIES, California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of SoO Science and Agricultural Engineering. D. C. Adriano, P. F. Pratt, and S. B. Bishop. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 243-246.1 fig, 7 tab, I ref. Descriptors: •Farm wattes, •Nitrates, •Leaching, Ammonia, Denitrification, Salts, Chlorides, Cat- tle, Path of pollutants, Waste disposal. Identifiers: •Field-spreading. Because land disposal without pretreatment ii the most common method of disposal of cattle wastes in Southern California, ssltt and nitrates in soils and groundwaten must become important factors in dairy waste management. Average nitrate- nitrogen concentrations of 92, 74, and 66 ppm in toll solutions at the 10 to 19 foot depth for corrals, pastures, and croplands, respectively were found in the Chino-Corona dairy area. Thete solutions will eventually reach the underlying groundwater. which at the time of sampling, had lower nitrate concentrations. Reducing the present cow popula- tion of 10 per disposal acre to about 3 per acre would keep nitrate-nitrogen levels at lest than 10 ppm la toil solutions beyond the root zone, in soil profiles under croplands and pastures. Under ex- isting conditions, manure from 20 dairy cows had about the same amount of salt at 3 acre-feet of ir- rigation water. Maximizing ammonia volatilization from manure before incorporation into the soil will reduce the nitrate-nitrogen pool in the soil. (Schmltt-Iowa State) 0831 - B2, E2 EFFECT OF RATE OF POULTRY MANURE AP- PLICATION ON SELECTED SOU, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, Arkansas Univ., Fayettevllle. Dept. of Agronomy. L. H. Hileman. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution' Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wattes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 247-248,5 fig. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Poultry, •Fertiliza- tion, Crop response, Salinity, Sofl properties, •Soil chemical properties, Saltt. Identifiers: •Field-spreading. Poultry manure, especially broiler litter, ia a valua- ble by-product of the poultry industry. Long-time ute by farmers hat indicated sofl Imbalance results from continuous heavy applications. On a dry weight basis, broiler Utter contains 4.11% nitrogen, 1.45* phosphorus, tad 2.11ft potassium. Broiler Utter containing 26% moisture wat mixed Into the upper 4 inches of Rutton tandy loam, Sharkey clay loam, and Captra* tilt loam, at ratal of 5,10, 15, and 20 tons per acre for a greenhouse study. Ky-31 Fescue wat planted but did not germinate. A rapid rite in sod temperature and in pH waa noted oo all soils. The ammonia relented may react with the ton clay exchange capacity retnltlng in high levelt of Ca, K, and Mg ioni in the tofl. con- tributing to the soluble lalt level. Soil potaisium levels Incrtaied greatly. High leveli of potaiiium combined with ammonia inhibit the germination and growth of most crop plants. Even at the 5-ton rate, severe tall toxicity waa found on all three toot three months after litter incorporation. Silt problems can be determined by toil conductivity measurement. (Schmltt-Iowa State) waten due to heavy loadings of organic and inor- ganic materials. Contaminants studied were total organic carbon (TOO. NH4+. SO4. PO4, Cl, Na, Mg, Ca, and K. Bacteriological analyses wen also performed. Four loading rates, 0, 15, 30 and 45 tons of dry poultry lolids per acre were used in field plots at well at laboratory toil columns. Although TOC concentration levels were high in the field plots, no significant difference could be found between control and treatments. Nitrate concentrations exceeded USPHS limits, but the levels were not significantly different from the control. Chloride concentration did not exceed USPHS limits, mlfate concentrations slightly ex- ceeded the limits. All fecal coliform tests were negative. Sofl columnt provided a controlled meant for studying the soil at an effective disposal media for solid waste. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0833 - Bl, E2 EFFECT OF MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS ON PLANT NUTRIENT CYCLING, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Soil Science. R. F. Rentier, W. H. Brhardt, and L. M. Walsh. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wattes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971. p 254-257,6 tab, 4 fig. 7 ret. Descriptor!: *Farm wastes, •Fertilization, 'Crop response, Aeration, Farm lagoons, Nutrients, Cat- tle. Identifiers: Plant nutrient cycling. Fresh, fermented (stacked), aerobic liquid and anaerobic liquid cattle manure handling systems were compared with regard to plant nutrient utilization by com. la greenhouse studies, dry matter yields and recovery of nitrogen. phosphorus, and potaiiium were about the same for fresh, fermented, and anaerobic liquid systems, but were significantly leu for the aerobic liquid lytttm. Total corn yteldi and recovery of nitrogen and photphoroi were not greatly affected by oat straw and wood ihavlngt bedding rates up to IK, but at the 16% rate, yields and nitrogen recovery generally were significantly lower. Re- gardless of the handling method, manure increased corn yields in field studies. Yield Increases were greatest for fermented and anaerobic liquid manure applied In the spring. Runoff losses of total nitrogen ranged from 3 to 24 pounds per acre annually for winter applied manure as compared to about 3 pounds per acre for non-manured soil and spring-applied manure. The concentration of nutrients in the runoff waa greater from the tod compared to the fallow soils and greater for fertil- izer compared to manure treatments. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0832 - A4, Bl, C3, C4, E2 GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUB TO BIGH ORGANIC MANURE LOADINGS, Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N J. DtpU of Environmental Sciences. T. I, Concannon, and B. J. Qenetelli. Inf Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Waitei, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 249-253,4 fig, 3 tab, 15 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Oronndwater, Water pollution, SaUnhy, Poultry, Fertilisation, Bio-In- dicators, Sampling, Waste disposal. Identifiers: •Oroundwater pollution. Four specific method! of ditpoting of organic manures utilize toll at the ultimate disposal media. These include lagooniag, sanitary landfllling, sub- soil injection, and the PFC method. AD these methods could cause serious pollution of ground 0834 - A3, AS, Bl, E2 SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID MANURE, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Sofl Fertility. H. D. Barttett, and L. P. Marriott. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 25S-260,2 tab, 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, 'Waste disposal, Un- derground watte disposal, Fertilization, Waste iterate, Cattle. Identifiers: FUtd-spreading. The application of animal manure below the soO surface provides a disposal method which eliminates problems of odon, flies, and runoff. Available equipment applies liquid manure four iachei below the surface at approximately one gal- lon per square foot, a rate approaching that of sur- face spreading practices. The annual application of 15 tons of dairy manure per acre added approxi- 307 image: ------- mately 700 Ib. N to the toil each year. Even after allowing for estimated crop removal and varioui losses other than through leaching, a considerable amount of N remained in the soil. Water soluble N accounted for about 160 Ib. per acre in the 4 foot profile; it was assumed some moved below that level. The optimum rate of manure application is not substantially greater than that which will supply the maximum nitrogen required by any crop, plus some allowance for losses other than leaching. (Schmitt-Iowa 0835 - D4 AEROBIC STORAGE OF POULTRY MANURE, Oreenmount Agricultural and Horticultural Coll., Muckamore (Northern Ireland). T. A. Stewart, and R. Mcllwain, In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 261-262,2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Aerobic conditions. Waste assimilative capacity. Poultry, •Waste storage, 'Oxidation lagoons. The use of an oxidation ditch, built directly un- derneath a 936 bird set of California cages, to aero- bically store poultry droppings has been in- vestigated for the past two years. The 2-foot long rotor is fitted with angle-iron type blades and is driven by a 1.5 H.P. electric motor at a fixed speed of 120 r.p.m. Droppings output of the birds during the first year of operation averaged 245 Ib. per day, giving a total solids loading of 59 Ib., of which 71% was volatile. The BOD of the fresh droppings during this period averaged 40,860 ppm., which was a daily BOD loading on the ditch of 10.3 Ib. To avoid sedimentation, it was necessary to empty the ditch when the solids content of the liquid rose above 30,000 ppm. A nutrient budget at the end of the first yearly cycle showed that 43 percent of the total solids, 56 percent of the volatile solids, 60 percent of the COD and BOD and 66 percent of the nitrogen entering the ditch were lost through bacterial activity during storage. Foaming, floating feathers, and mechanical failure of rotor bearings were the main problems encountered. Electricity consumption averaged 1 kilowatt per hour. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0836 - C4 SURVIVAL AND DETECTION OF LEP- TOSPIRES IN AERATED BEEF CATTLE MANURE, > Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. S. L. Diesch, B. S. Pomeroy, and E. R, Allred. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971. p 263-266,2 fig, 1 tab, 16 ref. Descriptors: 'Pathogenic bacteria, 'Farm wastes, •Aeration, Cattle, Aerobic conditions, Waste storage, Pollutant identification, Oxidation lagoons. Public health. Identifiers: Leptospira pomona. Leptospira pomona, a pathogen capable of infect- ing both man and animals, was studied in »n ex- tended aeration method of animal manure treat- ment. A laboratory oxidation ditch model was developed for studying leptospires at simulated winter environmental conditioni. A fluorescent antibody technique was developed and utilized for detection of leptospires. Findings indicate that pathogenic leptospires are capable of survival for up to IS days in an aerated model oxidation ditch and 11 days in effluent and sludge. These findings do not determine the ability of leptospires isolated from a manure environment to establish infection of man and animals. There must be public concern for potential contamination of the environment and the development of health hazards because shedding of leptospires may occur for long periods of time in infected cattle. The disease is of major economic and public health importance and widespread in animal reservoirs. Treatment of sludge and effluents by chlorination or other methods is needed before discharge. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0837 - AS, B2, C3, C4, D4 AERATION WITH ORP CONTROL TO SUP- PRESS ODORS EMITTED FROM LIQUID SWINE MANURE SYSTEMS, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J. C. Converse, D. L. Day, J. T. Pfeffer, and B. A. Jones. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971,p267-271,4 fig,6tab, lOref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Odor, Biodegradation, Hogs, Hydrogen sulfide. Organic acids, 'Waste water treatment, Oxidation-reduc- tion potential. Five levels of aeration of a completely mixed liquid swine manure system were studied to deter- mine the effect on odors produced and to study the degradation of manure under each system. Oxida- .lion-Reduction Potential (ORP), pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen levels of the mixed liquor were recorded daily. Analyses of the mixed liquor and off-gas were performed. The average ORP (E- cal) values for chambers 1 through 5 were +143, - 212, -344, -425, -482 mv, respectively. An average D.O. of 4.68 mg/1 was maintained in chamber I while measurable D.O. was only occasionally found in chamber 2, and never found in the remaining chambers. The total volatile acids con- centration in chambers 2 and 3 was about 30 and 10 times less, respectively, than in chambers 4 and 5. The average total sulfides concentration in the mixed liquor of chambers 2 and 3 was about 22 and 3 times less, respectively, than in chamber 5. No hydrogen sulfide was found in the off-gases of chambers 1 and 2. Chambers 3, 4, and 5 bad an average of 0.59, 5.78 and 21.57 mg/day as S washed from the off-gates. If the ORP in the liquid is maintained in a range from -300 mv to -340 mv and the pH is in the range from 7.7 to 8.5 the system will be relatively odorless when compared to systems undergoing anaerobic degradation. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0838 - C3, D4 NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION DURING AEROBIC DIGESTION AND DENITRIFICA. TION OF DAIRY CATTLE WASTES, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. A. C. Chang, A. C. Dale, and J. M. Bell. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 272-274,1 tab, 7 fig, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrification, •Denitrification, Aeration, Aerobic conditioni, Cattle, Nitrogen cycle, 'Waste water treatment. Besides biodegradable material, livestock wastes also contain large amounts of plant nutrients, which cause pollution problems if they are released to the environment without control. This study investigates the fate of nitrogen during anaerobic digestion of dairy cattle wastes and seeks a possible way of removing nitrogen before final disposal. The reduction of total nitrogen was found mainly due to the volatilization of ammonia during the aerobic digestion. Temperature has a significant effect on the stability of the digested wastes. For complete denitrification of the digested dairy cattle wastes, acclimated sludge and a sufficient supply of organic carbon are needed. The amount of glucose required for complete denitrification is 150 per cent of the amount theoretically calculated. This results in a 90 per cent reduction of total nitrogen. The amount of manure slurry needed for complete denitrification of digested dairy cattle manure is an equivalent of 149 mg COD per mg of oxidized nitrogen. With a sufficient supply of organic carbon, the average rate of denitrification is 13.26 mg of nitrogen per hour. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0839 - D4 AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN OF FARM WASTE, Rijkszuivel Agrarische Afvalwater Dienst. Am- hem (Netherlands). P. Ten Have. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 275-278.1 fig, 7 tab. 1 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Denitrification, •Aeration, 'Activated sludge, Aerobic conditioni, Cattle, Hogs, Costs, Waste water treatment Slur- ries. One of the ways to reduce dung surpluses is the exposure to aerobic biological breakdown. The aim of this treatment is not only the reduction of the suspended solids in the manure, but also of the volume by producing effluents which are discharged to watercourses. When using the ac- tivated sludge process with a load of 200-300 g BOD per cubic meter per day, the effluent BOD is normally 50-100 ppm. The activated sludge settles very well (Sludge, volume index mostly below 50) so sludge levels greater than 10 Kg MLSS per cubic meter can be maintained. The result is a tow sludge load of less than 30 g BOD per Kg MLSS per day. When pig slurry is treated, about 40 per- cent of the original solids has to be removed ai surplus sludge. With urine only, breakdown reaches 75 percent. The surplus sludge must be disposed but has a smaller volume, better de- waterability, and lack of obnoxious odors. A Urge part of the nitrogen is lost by denitrification, with 30 percent discharged with the effluent. Biological degradation is only economically justified in The Netherlands when agricultural use is impossible within a range of more than about 10 kilometers (Schmitt-Iowa Stale) 0840 - AS, D4 LOW-VOLUME, SURFACE-LAYER, A ERA- TION--CONDITIONED MANURE STORAGE, Clemson Univ., S.C. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. C. L. Barth, and L. B. Polkowski. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Aeration, 'Odor, •Waste storage, Cattle, Farm lagoons, Aerobic conditions, Waste water treatment, Slurries. Identifiers: 'Surface-layer aeration. Storage periods for wastes up to six months are necessary to maintain the quality of water resources and to complement schemes for inten- sified livestock production. A preliminary in- vestigation of the procedure of low volume, sur- face layer aeration of stored, diluted dairy manure was made. Air was introduced into the supernatant of stored manure at various rates and depths. The supernatant of properly aerated storage units was characterized by higher oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and pH than poorly aerated and anaerobic storage. It also had lower volatile organic acid, ammonia, BOD, suspended solids and odor intensity. The sludge of the well- aerated unit was characterized by higher solids 308 image: ------- concentration and * dlitlnct surface separating the iludje and supernatant zonei. Low volume, sur- face layer aeration effectively reduced odor production, produced • scum-free surface and a more concentrated sludge layer. Favorable ttonfe conditioni were anoclated with ORP |r«ater than -JO mv (Ec), D.O. greater than 1.0 mg/1 and pH ireater than 8.0. An aerated depth of 20 to 24 Inchei wai deiirable. After sixty dayi itoraie, about 83% of total volume, 11% of the COD and 79% of the nitrogen wai recovered. (Schmittelowa State) 0841 - AS, B2, E2 SHORT TERM AERATION Of DAIRY CATTLE MANURE FOR IRRIGATION, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. I. R. Ogilvie, and A. C. Dale. la: Livettock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceeding! International Symposium on Livettock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 283-283,4 fig, 12 ref. Descriptor*: 'Farm waitei, 'Aeration, 'Odor, Sprinkler irrigation, Watte storage. Cattle, Chemi- cal oxygen demand, 'Watte water treatment Short-term aeration reduces odors from dairy cat- tle wattes. This wai demonstrated by ale of a 2 H.P. floating aerator in a 15 foot diameter, 42 inch deep tank into which raw concrete yard manure wat loaded in batch made to a maximum mixed liquor total solid i content of 1.75 percent and a COD of 17,600 rog/1. Daily irrigation removed the excess liquid. The mixed liquor wai odor free at all times, in the tank and on grassland. There it a con- version of soluble organics to cell material, ai about 80% of the soluble COD is removed. The process requires very good mixing to prevent par- ticles of roughage from settling. The mixing may be performed by a turbine in a baffled vessel or by a Kestener brush in a rectangular tank. Dilution of the raw manure it necessary to allow treatment but the extra two volumet of water are usually availa- ble from rainfall, wathwatcr, or special addition. The volume of treatment facility is much reduced from the oxidation ditch. The input oxygen is the same or somewhat reduced. In cold climates, this process could be used with an additional aerated lagoon to take the winter effluent. (SchmiU-lowa State) 0842 - C5, D4, F2, F5 THE USB OF OXIDATION PONDS FOR POULTRY PROCESSING WASTE DISPOSAL, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. R. L. Wesley, E. B. Hale, and H. C. Porter. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livettock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 286-287. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Poultry, 'Industrial wastes, Oxidation lagoons, Odor, Virginia, 'Food processing industry. Poultry processing watte is a suitable substrate for biological degradation by both aerobic and anaero- bic bacteria. Several poultry processors in Virginia have faced varying stages of court litigation in- volving watte disposal. A team of specialists, in- cluding a biologist, an agricultural engineer, an agronomist, a sanitary engineer, a poultry processing specialist and a member of the State Water Control Board Staff were appointed by the Dean of Cooperative Extension Service at'VPI to at list a processor with his problems. This group gathered the basic facts concerning the problems at follows: (a) total hydraulic load; (b) BOD 5; (c) total solids; (d) total dissolved solids; (e) D.O., and (f) fecal coliformt. Tbete determinations were made on raw effluent, treated effluent, and on the receiving stream. A treatment system composed of a grease and grit trap, a series of lagoons and natu- ral aeration was developed. These lagoons cover 8 acres, have a capacity of 12 million gallons, and provide a detention time of It dayi. Reductions are at follows: (a) 97% BOD removal; (b) 87% solids removal, and (c) fecal coliformi ait less than 100/100 ml in the receiving atream. This treat- ment cost approximately $30,000. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0843 - D4 ACCLIMATIZATION RESPONSE TIME POR AEROBIC WASTE DIGKSTORS, Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Agricultural En- D. T. Hill, sad R. E. Smith. In: Livestock Watte Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 28B-290,5 f«, 2 tab, 5 ref. Descriptor!: •Farm wastes, 'Activated sludge, Anaerobic digestion. Time lag, Biochemical ox- ygen demand, 'Watte water treatment. Identif Jen: 'Acclimatization time. Time constant. Extant circnmttanwci for many anaerobic twine watte lagoons In present use often ensure aperiodic effluents. The output from operating anaerobic lagoons is unacceptable for receiving streams. This research was conducted to establish design criteria for an aerobic activated -sludge reactor for use with the aperiodic effluents from anaerobic lagoons. Objectives were to determine a general prediction equation for the transient operation time as a function of the off time of an aperiodically operating treatment unit and to determine the effect of a low-maintenance aera- tion supply on the transient operation time of the aerobic process. The use of maintenance aeration was found to have no significant effect on the value of the acclimatization time. Since there was no solids removal during the study, acclimatiza- tion time was defined as the time necessary to achieve 63.6% BOD reduction in the liquid phase, and is referred to as a time constant. The accli- matization time ranged from 5.69 to 15.21 hours between zero and infinity for values of down time. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0844 — E3, F2 REGULATORY ASPECTS OF RECY- CLED LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTES U. 3. Department of Health. Education and Wel- fare Division ot Nutritional Sciences, Rockvflle, Maryland. J. C. Taylor. Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University. April 19-22. 1971, pp. 291-292. IS ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'regulation, 'recy- cling, administrative agencies, legislation, poul- try. Identifiers: 'Food and Drug Administration, Fed- eral Regulations. Section 3.89 ot the code of Federal Regulations is a formal statement of policy or interpreta- tion under Subpart A of Title 21. It states that the Food and Drug Administration baa not sanc- tioned and does not sanction the use of poultry Utter as a feedstuff for animals. Poultry Utter could contain drugs and antibiotics or their metabolites and disease organisms may be trans- mitted to other animals by using poultry Utter In animal feed. Information thought useful for FDA to consider before changing its policy In- clude: 1) a description of the processing meth- ods and analytical controls, 2) degree of uni- formity of the product, 3) status of pathogenic organisms or their toxic metabolites, 4) levels of pesticides, drugs, heavy metats, or other sub- stances shown safe for animal consumption, and 3) No harmful residues from drugs, pesticides or other substances or from ttuer metabolites, degradation products, or derivatives should oc- cur in the edible tissues or by-products of ani- mals consuming the product. At this time, FDA does not Dave enough information to modify Its regulation. (Schmitt • 1SU). 0845 - A9, E3 CATTLE MANURE AS PEED FOR CATTLE, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Au- burn. Dept. of Animal and Dairy Sciences. W.B.Anthony. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livettock Wattes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 293-296,2 fig, 11 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, •Recycling. 'Cattle, •Animal pathology. Microorganisms, Nematodes, Feed lots. Feeds. Identifiers: *Refeeding, Wastelage. Manure from grain-fed steers was fermented by lactic acid bacteria and about 16% of the dry matter was converted to lactic acid. This lactic acid was neutralized by anhydrous ammonia and the final product contained 45% crude protein equivalent. When blended with corn, the ara- moniated manure was readily consumed by sheep. Manure blended with ground corn in the ratio 1:1.5 (w/w) was a more efficient ration for finishing slaughter cattle than a balanced ration containing corn and supplement or corn, supplement, and ground hay. All manure voided by yearling steers fed in confinement was collected and made into wastelage (57 parts manure. 43 parts ground hay). The wastelage produced daily using the excreta from one full-fed yearling steer averaged 51 pounds. A portion (6 Ib.) was fed to the steer that produced the manure and the remainder (45 Ib.) wat fed to a beef brood cow. Cottonseed meat added to a corn-waatelage ration did not ap- preciably increase animal gain. Spread of infection of internal parasites and other common ailments of feedlot cattle did not occur when manure wai fed over a long period to cattle and sheep. Larvae of common stomach nematodes did not develop in wastelage. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0846 - E3, Fl NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CHICKEN MANURE FOR CATTLE, . , Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Animal Science. L. S. BuO, and I. T. Reid. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 297-300,7 tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling. 'Cattle, •Poultry, Animal pathology, Conforms, Nutrient requirements, Costs. Identifiers: *Air dried chicken manure. Chicken manure, as voided, contains about 75 per- cent water and 4 percent nitrogen. 70 percent of the nitrogen is derived from urinary sources and 30 percent from fecal matter. More than 60 percent of the total nitrogen is in the form of uric acid, 9 to 10 percent in ammonium salts and the balance Is part of the fecal material. The use of urea and ammoni- urn salts by rumen microorganisms is well docu- mented. Acceptability, intake, digestion, and balance trials were conducted with dairy cattle and steers to determine the value of air dried chicken manure (ADM) as a source of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. The dry matter content of the ADM as fed was 81.5% and the percentages of crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus were 30.1, 7.6, and 1.2. reipectively. The grots energy value wai 2688 Kcal per Kg ai fed. Payability wai not a 309 image: ------- icrioui diet problem ai long u the ADM contained leu than 20% moisture. ADM may be uied »« the tote icurce of lupplemental N for tteen and dairy cows fed tow-protein baial diets. N, Ca, and F in ADM are readily available and well utilized by the animal. The economic advantages for producing ADM in large quantities are significant at current cost estimates. (Schmitt- 'Iowa State) 0847 - Cl, Dl, E3 STUDIES OF PROCESSING, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, AND PALATABILITY OF BROILER LITTER FOR RUMINANTS, Virginia Polytechnic Io»t , Blacksbnrg. Dept. of Animal Science. J. P. Fontenot, K. E. Webb, B. W. Harmon, R. E. Tucker, and W. E. C. Moon. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 301-304,5 tab. I fig, 16 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, 'Poultry, Cattle, Animal pathology, Nutrients, Waste treat- ment. Identifiers: Poultry litter. A possible public health hazard exists when poultry Utter U fed to ruminants. The objectives of' this research wen to develop a sterilizing method which win destroy pathogenic organisms in broiler Utter, to determine the effect of sterilizing methods on the nutritional value of Utter, to study variation in chemical composition of litter among producers and to study the palatabflity of cattle ra- tions containing litter. The use of dry heat at 150 degrees C for 4 hours or longer was the only method which was consistently effective in sterilizing broiler Utter. Autoclaving and the use of beta-propiojactone or ethyjene oxide did not con- sistently affect chemical composition of litter. The use of dry heat at 100 or 150 degrees C resulted in a substantial decrease in crude protein content. There was loss of ammonia upon dry heating. In a series of nitrogen balance trials with sheep, nitrogen utilization was similar for Utter au- toclaved for 40 minutes, dry heated at ISO degrees C for 4 hours, or acidified to pH 6 and dry heated at 150 degrees C for 4 hours. There was considera- ble variation in the chemical composition of poultry Utter samples obtained from different areas. No substantial amounts of pesticide residues were detected in broiler Utter or in tisane from animals fed processed litter. There appears to be adaptation to acceptability of litter by cattle. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0848 - E3 DEHYDRATED POULTRY WASTE (DPW) AS A FEEDSTUFF IN POULTRY RATIONS, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. C. I. Flegal, and H. C. Zindel. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Waste*. Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971. p 305-307.7 tab, 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, 'Poultry, Dehydration, Nutrients, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Eggs, Dehydrated poultry wastes. Poultry excreta, from caged layers, was collected and dehydrated. The resulting product of dehydra- tion (DPW) was put into the diets fed growing chicks and laying bens to determine its nutritional value. The 4 week mean body weight of leghorn- type chick* was not influenced when up to 20 per- cent of the diet was DPW. When diets of 10 or 20 percent DPW were fed to broiler-type chicks, a significant reduction in mean body weights resulted at 4 weeks of age. Feed efficiency was in- versely rented to the level of DPW in the diet. In two laying experiments, involving leghorn-type laying hens, incorporation of up to 20 percent DPW did not influence egg production or feed effi- ciency to produce egga. Egg quality factors were not adversely influenced by adding np to 40 per- cent DPW in the laying ration. Supplementation of the diets containing DPW in one experiment with calcium, phosphorus, methionine and energy had little influence on the criteria measured. The taste panel was unable to determine a difference between eggs from hens fed the control diet and eggs produced by hens fed diets containing 10,20, and 30 percent DPW. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0849 - E3 DRIED ANIMAL WASTE AS A PROTEIN SUP- PLEMENT FOR RUMINANTS, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept of Animal Husbandry. H. F. Bucholtz, H. E. Henderson, I. W. Thomas, and H. C. Zindel. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 308-310,6 tab, 4 nf. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, 'Poultry, Dehydration, Nutrients, Ruminants, Proteins, Feeds. Identifiers: Dehydrated poultry wastes. A 134 day feeding trial utilizing nine yearling steers per group was employed in studying the varae of dried poultry waste as a protein source for feed lot cattle. The ration was comprised of 80% corn silage and 20 percent shelled com on a dry matter basis. Crude protein levels were adjusted to 12 percent of dry matter with one of the following protein supplements; dried poultry waste (DPW), 1/2 DPW - 1/2 urea, 1/2 DPW - 1/2 soybean meal. urea, and soybean meal. Average daily gain for the respective rations was: 2.75. 3.03, 2.S8, 3.10, 3.35 pounds respectively. Gain differences were highly significant. Feed efficiency values wen 10.43, 7.31, 8.14, 7.23, and 6.96 pounds respectively. The relatively poor performance of beef animals fed DPW may be related to the high proportion (32 percent) of product used in the ration. Digestibility and nitrogen balance values for sheep indicate that the animal manures can be successfully used as a source of energy and nitrogen in ruminant rations. From management and nutritional considerations, dehydrated animal wastes must contain more than 25 percent crude protein to economically compete with other supplemental nitrogen sources for rumi- nants. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0850 - E3, Fl THE EFFECTS OF INCLUDING DRIED POULTRY WASTE IN THE FEED OF LAYING HENS. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Wor- cester (England). Poultry Husbandry Advisor. B.Hodgetts. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 311-313,9 tab, 12 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, •Dehydration, Poultry, Costs, Drying, Feeds. Identifiers: Dehydrated poultry waste. A farm trial was arranged to test the feasibility of including artificially dried poultry waste in the feed of a flock of 1800 caged laying hens. A flock of 800 birds was maintained as a control. The waste came directly from battery cages and was dried in a rotary drum type dryer. After prelimina- ry trials it was decided to use an inclusion level of 10% dried poultry waste. After 58 weeks of lay, no real differences could be detected in terms of egg yield, mortality or egg gradings. The flock receiv- ing dried poultry waste consumed 0.27 ounces of feed/bird/day less than the control Body weign. checks showed them to be 0.21 pounds/bird heavi- er at the end of the trial. The overall cost of the ra- tion was reduced to S4.80 per ton by including dried poultry waste. This trial indicated that for the conditions prevailing it was technically, nutri- tionally and economically feasible to recycle poultry waste to the layers at a level of 10%. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0851 - Cl. E3 NUTRITIVE EVALUATIONS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY TREATED DAIRY CAT- TLE WASTES, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Animal Science Research Div. \ L. W. Smith, H. K. Ooering, and C. H. Gordon. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971. p 314-318.8 tab. 5 ref. Descriptors: *Farm wastes, 'Recycling. Drying, Cattle, Sheep, Nutrients. Chemical degradation, Lignins, Cellulose, Wood wastes, 'Waste water treatment Studies were conducted to determine the extent to which digestibility of manure plus urine aad hard- wood sawdust (bam waste, BW) or manure alone was increased by chemical treatments when reused as feed for sheep. Dairy cattle wattes were collected from a gutter cleaner. BW were (1) un- treated or treated by adding and mixing either, (2) 3% tedium hydroxide, (3) 3% sodium peroxide, or (4) 3% sodium chlorite with the wet wastes. All were stored in plastic-sheet covered piles for 4 weeks before drying with forced hot air. The four materials were ground through a 3/8 inch hammer- mill screen and mixed as 83% BW, 10% cornmeal, . aad 7% soybean meal. These were pelleted and fed ad Ub in a completely randomized experiment for 30 days. During the last 7 days, consumptions and digestibilities were measured. Dry matter digesti- bilities were: untreated. 23.05; sodium hydroxide, 27.32; sodium peroxide. 34.63; and sodium chlorite, 35.28. Cell wall digestibilities were: 9.67, 10.50,17.11, and 21.92, respectively. Digestibilities of chemical treated feces were not increased to the extent observed in nitro. The less than predicted fiber digestibility may be the result of rapid passage of fecal fiber through the rumen or less than optimum treatment conditions. (Schmitt-Iowa. State) 0852 - E3, E4 BIODEGRADED HEN MANURE AND ADULT HOUSE FUE8: THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO THE GROWING CHICK. Agricultural Research Service, Behsvffle, Md. Agricultural Engineering Research Div. C. C. Calvert. N. 0. Morgan, and H. J. Eby. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceeding* International Symposium on Livestock Wastes. Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971. p 319-320,6 tab, 4 ref. P Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Recycling. 'Insects •Larvae. Poultry, Drying. Nutrient*. Feed*. Identifiers: House flies, Musca domestic*. Initial studies demonstrated the feasibility of using the house fly larvae to biodegrade or process caged laying hen manure. Studies conducted on the comparison of processed hen manure, fresh dried hen manure; and soybean meal used these materials to constitute 22% of the diet The materi- als contained 2.7, 5.2 and 8.0% total Kjeldahl nitrogen, respectively. Chicks receiving the two types of manure in the three week growth studies weighed 93 grama less than those receiving soybean meal 22% manure does not support op- timum chick growth. Newly emerged house fUes contain about 69% moisture, and the dry material 310 image: ------- it 75% protein and 7% fat. Dried fround adult home fliei were diluted with celluloie to brim the protein content to 50% and tail mtterul was tub- itituted in the chick diet of the growing chick. The total amount of fly meal in the chick diet w»i 22% •nd thit wai compared with 22% of 10% soybean meal. The adult house fly meal lupporta |rowth equally at well ai soybean meal during the tint three weeka of the (rowing period. (Schmitl-Iow. Slate) 0853 - A9. E3 RKCVCLING BROILER BOUSE LITTER ON TALL FESCUE PASTURES AT DISPOSAL RATES AND EVIDENCE OF BEEF COW HEALTH PROBLEMS. Department of Agriculture. Watkiniville, Oa. S. R. Wilkinson, I. A. Stuedemann, D. I. Williama, I. B. Jonei. and R. N. Dawion. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 321-324,5 tab. 3 fig, 17 ret. Descriptors: 'Farm wastea, 'Fertilizers, 'Crop response. Nutrients, Cattle, Fescuea, Animal pathology. Identifiers: Grass tetany. Nitrate toxkity, Lipc- matosis. Ores* tetany. nitrite toxicity, and lipomatoaii problems have occurred with beef grazed in tad fescue pastures heavily fertilized with broiler litter. Two Kentucky-31 fetcue pasture systems were initiated in 1968 with one receiving 9.3 VI.T. dry broiler house litter per acre per year, and a control receiving • maximum of 202 Kg N per ha per year from inorganic sources. These pastures were treated ai ecosystems and changes in soil, plant, and animal components were evaluated. Soil from the surface 5 cm of the littered pasture had a higher percent of the exchange complex saturated with K, higher water soluble P and NO3, and a lower C/N ratio. Plant samples showed increased total N and potentially toxic levels of NO3-N ac- cumulations during summer months in the forage. PerloUne levels in fescue varied from a low in early spring and fall (160 micro g/g) to a maximum in August (830 micro g/g). Differential rates of up- take of K/Ca/Mg during early spring resulted in grats having K/Ca + Mg ratios greater than 2.2. Fat necrosis waa detected by rectal palpation in 2 of 21 and 7 of 21 cowl after 1 and 2 yean of study in the broiler littered fetcue anJ none in 1 of 24 in the control herd. (Schmitt- Iowa State) 0854 - E2 MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOSPHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. P. R. Goodrich, and E. I. Monke. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971, p 325-328.8 fig, 8 ref. Descriptors: -> 'Farm wastes, 'Fertilizers, •Phosphorus, Nutrient removal, Phosphorus radioitotopei. Sprinkler irrigation, Leaching, Clay loam, Path of pollutants, Saturated soils. The irrigation of animal wastes containing high concentration* of phosphate onto the soil was simulated. Two different soils and three concen- trations of radioactive phosphate were used to dynamically trace the pollutant movement in satu- rated soil. The sandy loam with its higher clay con- tent absorbed up to four times aa much phosphate at did the land used in toil study. Soils do have a limited capacity to adsorb phosphate from solu- tion. While this fact caa be safely ignored with normal application! of phosphorus fertilizers, it must be determined and considered in the design of disposal fields for wastes where phosphorus concentrations can be quite high. The rate of ab- sorption may be slower than implied by most literature references because the soil mass at any depth is unlikely to react quickly in total to the phosphorus influx. This was more true for the finer textured soils than for the coarser ones Although the finer textured soils adsorbed more total phosphorus, the phosphorus front still reached depths much quicker than if the toil be- hind the front had been totally reactive. The linearized diffusion equation also predicted a much sharper adsorption front than was observed with the two soils tested. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0855 - D2 TREATMENT OF LIVESTOCK-LAGOON EF- FLUENT BY SOIL FILTRATION, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. J. K. KoelUker, I. R. Miner, C. B. Beer, and T. E. Hazen. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 329-333,2 tab, 6 fig, 5 ref. Descriptor!: *Fann wastes, 'Nutrient removal. Fertilization, Sprinkler irrigation, Farm lagoons. Leaching, Phosphorus. Nitrate, 'Watte water treatment, Filtration, Iowa. Identifiers: Soil filtration. Anaerobic lagoon ef- fluent. In Iowa, anaerobic manure lagoon effluent can be successfully treated and disposed of between mid- April and early November by sprinkler irrigation. To minimize the possibility of runoff, the applica- tion rate should be less than half the suggested in- filtration rate for clear water on the same soil. On poorly drained soils, a total application of 2 inches was the amount that could be applied at 0.40 inch per hour without runoff. Soil filtration removed from 79-93 percent of the COD, 90-97 percent of the total P, and 4847 percent of the totat-N when 14.8 to 31.4 inches of lagoon effluent were applied in one season to field plots. The total-N is the con- stituent that likely will limit the amount of liquid that should be applied in a aeason because of high nitrate-N (130-190 mg/1 N) found in the tile drainage with intense applications. 600 pounds per acre of N per season is recommended. Fescue, brome. and ryegrass have grown satisfactorily where lagoon effluent was applied as long as the soil did not remain flooded. Over a three year period, measures of the chloride ion, an indication of total salt content, show approaching equilibri- um, the concentration in the tile drainage about equal to that of the lagoon effluent. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0856 - E3 GROWTH RESPONSE OF PLANTS UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH DAIRY WASTE, Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. A. R. Overman, C. C. Hortenstine, and J. M. Wing. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22.1971. p 334-337,6 tab, 9 fig. 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wattes, Sprinkler irrigation, Crop response, Fertilizers, Cattle. Nutrient removal, Leaching, Slurries. Identifiers: Dairy wastes. The soil-plant system wai used as a sink for the nutrients in dairy waste. Manure slurry of about 0.2 percent solids was applied to plants by sprin- kler irrigation at various rates to determine growth response curves. For oats the rates were 1/4, 1/2 and I inch per week, while sorghum received 0.1 and 2 inches per week. Ground water samples1 were collected periodically and analyzed for nitrites and phosphates. Growth response of both crops is described quite well by the Mitscherlich equation, which emphasizes relative yield. Rela- tive yields of oats were 40, 65, and 88 percent of optimum for application rates of 114,1/2 and 1 inch per week respectively. Maximum yield (green weight) for oats was estimated to be 12.25 tons per hectare (5 tons/acre), while the value for sorahnm- iudan«rais was 90.7 tons per hectare (36.8 tons/acre). Oats grown with dairy manure measure up to those grown with inorganic fertilizer in chemical composition, palatability, and digestibili- ty. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0857 - Dl NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WATERS BY PLANTS AND SOIL, Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Agrono- my. V. Larsen, and I. H. Axley. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 338-340,6 tab, 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Nutrient removal, •Soil filters, Denitrification, Nitrogen compounds, Ammonia, Leaching, Sewsge disposal, Filtration. Identifiers: Soil filtration. The addition of 3000 pounds per acre of nitrogen, 50 tons of organic matter and 200 acre inches of water per year to plants and soil was studied in reference to changes in sewage as it entered the soil and passed through the soil to a depth of 30 feet. At this depth these waters were returned to the surface by pumps. By use of chloride as a tracer, ground water dilution estimates were made and a nitrogen balance sheet for the changes, losses, and destinations of nitrogen throughout the cycle was developed. The 65 ppm of N in sewage, when applied at a rite ot 508 cm per year (200 inches per year), was reduced to 11 ppm of NO3-N after the sewage has passed through 3 meters of water unsaturated soil and 6 m of water saturated soil. Denitrification and immobilization of nitrogen were the two most important factors in nitrogen removal when treatment rates were 11.7 to 23.7 cm per week. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0858 - B2, D2, D4, E3 RENOVATION AND REUSE OF WATER FOR DILUTION AND HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF DAIRY CATTLE MANURE. Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Food and Agricultural Engineering. R. E. Graves, J. T. Clayton, and R. G. Light. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wattes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971,341-344.5 fig, 3 tab. 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Slurries, 'Screens, Cattle, Aeration, Recycling, Coliforms, 'Water reuse, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Bar screening. Slurries of dairy cattle manure contain many solids which form scum mats and sludges in holding tanks and cause other problems during treatment. A stationary sloping screen with a 0.02 inch bar spacing used as a pretreatment step removed over 50% of the total solids present in manure slurries ranging from 50:1 to 2:1 (water to wet manure by weight). Two aerated treatment systems were stu- died, one using settled screen effluent and the other the entire screen effluent. Each system was duplicated with one using recycled effluent in the loading slurry and the other using fresh water. No adverse affects on treatment operations were at- tributed to recirculation. there was little dif- ference in the effluents between systems. Concen- tration of salts and minerals increased'in the recir- 311 image: ------- dilated systems which might cause problems eventually. Population of two indicator organisms did not increase in the recycled systems. Clogging and damage to pumps and nozzles in irrigating systems is reduced for the screened liquid. Storage for intermittent application requires less volume, and scum mats are eliminated from ponds by screening. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0859 - D2 THE SEPARATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PARTS OF PIG SLURRY, Instiluut voor Landbouwbedrijfsgebouwen, Wageningen (Netherlands). J. C.GIerum.G, Klomp.and H.R Poelma. la: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 345-347,2 tab. 5 fig. Descriptors: "Farm wastes, 'Slurries, 'Separation techniques. Sieve analysis, Sedimentation, De- watering, Hogs, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Centrisieve, Decanter centrifuge, Vibroscreen, Rotary vacuum filter. Experiments designed to separate solid and liquid parts of pig slurry were made with a centrisieve, two decanter centrifuges, a rotary vacuum filter, a vibroscreen, and a sedimentation silo. With the aid of a centrisieve between 30 and 40% of the dry natter could be removed from pig slurry with a dry matter content of 5 to 8%. The separated material has a dry matter content of 14 to 19%. High demands are made on the homogenity and supply of the slurry. The material separated by the decanter centrifuge was quite dry, but the energy consumption per unit capacity was very high. The separation capacity of the vacuum filter equaled that of the decanter centrifuge but had a lower energy requirement. The separated material from the vibroscreen continued too wet and the capaci- ty was also low. The sedimentation silo showed the biggest reduction of the slurry was initially high (15-19%) and the storage time was long. The centrisieve performed best based on results, capacity and initial expense. The sedimentation silo also performed well. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0860 - D2 DEWATERING POULTRY MANURE BY CEN- TRIFUGATION, Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. 1.1. Ross, J. I. Begin, and T. M. Midden. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 348-350.2 fig, 1 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Poultry, 'Dewater- ing, Centrifugation, Waste water treatment. Moisture content. Time, Temperature. Identifiers: Imperforate basket type centrifuge. Manure washing. Poultry manure is excreted at a moisture content of approximately 75 percent (wet basis) and can be dewatered by centrifugation. Tests have been con- ducted to determine the amount of fluid that can be removed from fresh manure in an imperforate basket type centrifuge. The variables investigated include (1) time of centrifugation -1 to 12 minutes, (2) centrifugal force • 2000 to 10,000 g, (3) initial moisture content - 75% to 95% and (4) temperature - 40 to 120 degrees F. As much as 40% of the water can be removed from the manure at 75% moisture content and as much as 70% can be removed at 95% moisture content. Time of centrifugation in a bowl centrifuge for 1 to 12 minutes has little effect on the percentage of water removed except at low relative centrifugal forces (RCF) and high solids concentrations. Increasing the RCF significantly affects the percentage of water removed only at high solids concentrations. Increasing the tem- perature in the range of 40 to 160 degrees F in- creases the percentage of water that can be removed by centrifugation. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 0861 - D2, E3 CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINACEOUS SOLIDS FROM OXIDATION DITCH MIXED- -LIQUOR, Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. L. W. Holmes, D. L. Day, and J. T. Pfeffer. In: Livestock Waste Management and Pollution Abatement, Proceedings International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University, April 19-22,1971, p 351-354,8 fig, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, Aeration, •Centrifugation, Hogs, Nutrients, Proteins, Water reuse, Waste water treatment. Biodegradation of swine waste in an under-the- floor oxidation ditch produces a mixed-liquor that contains minute, protein-rich particles. The 82.6 percent (dwb) portion of a swine ODML sample that passed through a 200 - mesh screen contained 75.6 percent (dwb) crude protein. Centrifuged samples of swine ODML contained a greater per- centage (dwb) of crude protein and essential amino acids than corn. Centrifugation is one possible method of suspended solids concentration. The solid bowl basket-type centrifuge used in pilot plant trials was capable of concentrating the proteinaceous solids in swine ODML from an ini- tial value of 1.2% S.S. to a desired concentration of 6 to 8 percent S.S. This represents a volume reduction of 85 percent. This removes a substan- tial amount of liquid that contains no measureable amino acids. COD reduction closely followed S.S. recovery values. Investigations into potential health hazards to man and animal arising from in- fection by pathogenic organisms in the manure will need to be conducted before this method of manure recycling may be advocated for common use. (Schmitt-Iowa State) 1000 — Bl, El EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, FOR MODERN METHODS OF SWINE MA- NURE DISPOSAL, Oregon State University. Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment Station. A. J. Muehllng. Reports of the Twelfth Annual Swine Day, De- cember, 1970, p. 17-23, 8 Eg. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal, •Hogs. Feed lots. Identifiers: 'Building design. Slotted Floors, Farrowing house. Construction methods. Nursery. building, Finishing building. Sow confinement. Hog production systems. The use of slotted floors in swine housing has accelerated the use ol confinement housing In hog production systems In the United States. Spe- cific facilities which are necessary for swine production and which successfully employ the Blotted floors are described. Detailed instruc- tions for constructing the farrowing house, nur- sery building, and «nt«iiinfl building are given. Concrete slotted floors appear to endure better than wood or steel. However, manure probably is worked through expanded metal better than almost any other slotted floor material. All types of slotted floor materials are considered. The advantages of various construction mater- ials and methods are discussed. Floor plans and pictures depict the aatual building struc- tures and give additional construction informa- tion. (Dudley - East Central) 1001 — A5, A8, Cl, D4 INCLINED-PLANE TRICKLING FIL- TER FOR SWINE WASTE, University of Georgia, Athens, Agricultural En- gineering Department. L. A. Mulkey. and H. E, Smith. Presented at 1972 Winter Meeting. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, HI- inois, December 11-15. W2, Paper No 72-952, Order No. N172 - 952, 16 p., 2 tab., 1 fig., 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Waste treatment, 'Aerobic treat- ment. Odor. Trickling filters. Flow rates, •Bio- chemical oxygen demand, Farm wastes, 'Hogs, Feed lots. Identifiers: 'Inclined plane, Contact time. Or- ganic removal, Psychoda fly larvae. Design equations. Operating results of an aerobic inclined plane trickling filter to treat swine wastes are re- ported. The results indicate that this device can be used as a component in a waste handling system/ The organic removal is erratic due to Psychoda fly larvae but a definite relationship exists and the equation S/SQ = exp (—0.03L/Q) (where s/so = BOD concentration ratio, L = plane length in feet and Q = flow, rate in gal/hr-ft) may be used as a design guide in waste handling systems. Contact time for waste- water and biological growth is determined by to = 17.25 L/Q. Odor control was found to be a desirable attribute of the system and actions of macroorgonisms could aid in the transport of organic solids across the inclined plane. (Marquard - East Central) 1002 — A5, Cl, F2, F3 USING ODOR INTENSITY LIMITS IN AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, Department of Agricultural Engineering. C. L. Earth. Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No. 72-441, 3 tab., 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Air pollution, 'Odor, 'Regulation, Clean Air Act, 'Farm wastes. Livestock, Mea- surement, Quality, Feed lots. Identifiers: Intensity,' Primary odor list, Syringe dilution procedure, Osometer. Because problems with the production and con- trol of animal agricultural odors are sure to continue, tighter regulations governing odor in- tensities will occur. Related difficulties are: (1) Problems in establishing a list of basic odors, (2) difficulty in measuring odor intensities and in making objective odor quality measurements, Regulations governing odor control vary great- ly from state to state. Conditions and termino- logy for odor control need to become more uni- form. The status of odor regulations for each state is given. (Dudley - East Central). 1003 — Al, Bl, El CATTLE FEEDLOTS AND THE ENVI- RONMENT, Environmental Protection Agency. Seattle, Wash- ington. Cattle Feedlots and the Environment, U. S. En- vironmental Protection Agency, Region X, Seat- tle. Washington. April, 1972, 63 p., 6 tab., 39 fig., 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Design criteria, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution. Farm wastes. La- goons. Runoff, Waste Disposal, Pacific North- west U.S. Identifiers: Waste management. Site selection. Manure mounds. This Environmental Protection Agency booklet presents comprehensive guidelines for the con- trol and abatement of pollution originating from cattle feedlot operations, Feedlot wastes should be considered a natural resource capable of being recycled. Proper site selection, feedlot design, and management are needed to ac- complish this. Site selection la the most im- portant factor In minimizing water pollution, Guidelines call for feedlots to be Isolated from waterways and outside of a 10 year flood plain Feedlot design should retain all wastes on the premises until ultimate disposal. This may be done by manure mounds, holding ponds, or lagoons. Land disposal Is currently the only industry-wide method acceptable for ultimate disposal of feedlot wastes. (Marquard - East Central), 312 image: ------- 1004 — A5, C3 CORRELATING OIL AND ODOROUS COMPONENTS IN STORED DAIRY, MANURE, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, and University of Wisconsin, Madison. C. L. Earth, D. T. Hill, and L. B. PolkowsH. Paper presented at 1972 Winter Meeting, Ameri- can Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illinois, December IMS, 1972; Paper No. 72-950, Order No. M172-950, 17 p., 2 tab., » lie., 24 ret. Descriptors: 'Odor, 'Chemical properties. Phy- sical properties. Air pollution. Dairy Industry, •Farm wastes. Cattle, Waste storage. Ammonia, Hydrogen suifide, IndenOflen: 'Odor intensity index. Liquified waste management, Odorants. Volatile organic acid. Acetic add, pH. Three common odorants were identified and measured in stored dairy manure. A panel was selected to Judge these odors which were pre- sent in only one of three flasks per set The odorous flasks represented various degrees of aeration treatment. Results of the experiment showed that odorous components derived from lower aeration depths were the most difficult to distinguish. An odor Intensity index (On) was established from the experimental results. Volatile organic add correlated best with the On. Second best was hydrogen- suifide and poorest was ammonia. (Frantz - East Central). 1005 — A2.B1.C5, El FACnJTY DESIGN Wilson Company, Engineers & Architects, Salina. Kansas. R. E. Crawofrd. Presented at the Continuing Education Semi- nar: Topeka. Kansas, January 23, 1969; Hutch- Inson, Kansas, January 28, 1969, 14 p., 9 tab. Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Runoff, 'Water pollu- tion control, Design, 'Farm wastes, Livestock. Hydrology, Precipitation, Waite treatment. Waste storage, 'Waste disposal. Irrigation. Identifiers: 'Waste management facilities. Runoff control Is an integral part of feedlot operation and cost. The principle steps are collection, storage and/or treatment and ulti- mate disposal. Biochemical oxygen demand. chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxy- gen data were taken to determine stream- flow conditions due to feedlot runoff. Runoff variables of size of feedlot. topography*, stream location, and flow and precipitation patterns were studied. At present the use of a retention system appear! to be the most economical solution to preventing stream pollution from feedlot runoff. Two general plans involving holding basins of ponds are examined in de- tail. (Wetherill • East Central). 1006 — B1.C5 HYPOTHALAMIC TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN CATTLE, Texas AfcM University. College Station. BE. Stewart, and E. M. Bailey, Jr. Paper presented at 1971 Annual Meeting, Ameri- can Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972. Paper No. p.. 2 tab.. 10 flg.. 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Cattle, Temperature control. Hu- midity. Identifiers: 'Hypothalmus. 'Cranlototny, Can- nalae. Respiration rate. Thermal environment. Eypothalmlc heating. Rectal temperature, *Ly- pothalmlc temperature. It was theorized that routine access to the hy- rothalamus by the means of In-dwelling can- nulae would allow rapid testing of efficiency In control of body temperature of cattle, A semi-stereotaxlc method for cannulae installa- tion was developed. The heat loss center of two female beef calves was heated by RF energy: some degree of correlation waa ob- served between hypothalamlc temperature and respiration rate. Animals were subjected to a iteo change 1» thermal environment (78* to 98- with very Ugh humidity); rectal and hy- pothalamic temperatures were found to be cou- pled by the respiration rate, with marked in- dividual differences. The approach appears to have merits as a system for rapid lndentifica- tton of heat tolerant breeds and individuals. (WetberUl - East Central). 1007 — B1,F1 FEEDERS SCOLDED FOR FAILING TO LEARN THEIR "MANURE ECO- NOMICS", Beef. Vol. 9, No. 7. p. 43, 6«, March. 1973, 1 flg. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Economics, Cattle. •Feedlots, 'Waste disposal. Fertilizer. Texas. Irrigation. Identifiers: Retention ponds, Playa lakes. in these excerpts from a speech given at U.S. Department of Agriculture Southwestern Great Plains Research Center, Bushland, Texas, feed- lot operators are urged to familiarize them- selves with the economics of animal wastes used as fertilizers. The approximately one ton of manure a steer produces while in the feed- lot is viewed as a liability by most feeders. Manure can be an economic opportunity for the operator who takes the time and make! the effort to turn it into a marketable com- modity. (Wetherill - East Central). 1008 — Al, Bl, F4 ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL AND CON- TROL OF FEEDLOT RUNOFF, Cooperative effort of Northern Plains Branch, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, and the departments of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Nebraska Agri- cultural Experiment Station - Headquarters In Lincoln. Nebraska. 4 p., 29 ref. Descriptors: Feed lots. 'Wast* disposal, 'Run- off. 'Water pollution, 'Soil contamination. Farm wastes. Cattle, Odor. Groundwater, Terraces, Sedimentation, Irrigation, Water table. Nitrates, Nebraska. Evaluation and control of soil and water pol- lution from cattle feedtots and studies of the factors affecting feedlot pollution potential are the objectives of research studies Initiated at Lincoln. Nebraska in 1868. Emphasis Is on waterborne materials, but attention is also giv- en to air transport and odor 'problems. Ter- rain, water table, runoff, sedimentation, vltrate concentrations, and climatic factors are studied at four test sites: Soil core samples confirm that flat feedlot* are not major contributors to groundwtter pollution. Corn fields were in- creased and no problems of nitrate or salt accumulations were discovered after applica- tion of runoff effluent to crops. Oxidation ditch studies have shown that, with aerobic mainten- ance of the ditch, odors are absent. Plans have been completed for two additional research sites. (Wetherill • East Central). 1009 — A2, Cl, C5 STREAM POLLUTION FROM CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF R. K. White. Project Completion Report No. 393X. United States Department of Interior, December, lira, 33 p., 3 tab., 14 flg.. 9 ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, *Cattle. 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lots. Runoff, Biochemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen, Water quality. Climates. Rainfall. Waste disposal. Irrigation, Ohio, The extent to which downstream waters an polluted by animal wastes from barnlot runoff is studied. Sixty beef steers were placed In a .42 acre unpaved barnlot with • U% south- ern slope. They remained there from Novem- ber to May. Barnlot runoff was discharged into an Intermittent waterway through an H-ftame Samples were collected in gallon bottles and kept at V C. Results show runoff ocean with a .5 inch rain. Biochemical oxygen demand concentration and transport were higher la winter and less In summer. Antecedent soil moisture conditions significantly affect the amounts of solids, biochemical oxygen demand. and chemical oxygen demand In the runoff, with increased amounts following dry periods. Run- off can be reduced by utilizing grassed water- ways or collection ponds and irrigation. (Mar- quard - East Central). 1010 — Al, F4 PROCEEDINGS: LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVHSW, Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, 133 p., November 29-30, 1972, 2 tab., 98 ref. Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Farm wastes, •Man- agement, "Air pollution. Water pollution, 'Soli contamination, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste storage, 'Waste disposal. Runoff, 'Feed lots, 'Nebraska. This multi-disciplinary team effort revealed the objectives and priorities In fighting agricultural pollution. Specific governmental and university programs were pinpointed, outlined, and re- viewed. The papers presented were, in most Instances, rather general. (Frantz - East Cen- tral), 1011 — Al, F3, F4 NATIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MAN- AGEMENT PROGRAM, Agricultural Research Service, BeltsviUe, Mary- land. V.S. Department of Agriculture. H. G. Yeck. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lots. Ground- water, Recycling, 'Livestock, Air pollution, Wa- ter pollution. Soil contamination. Runoff, Waste dtopoYal!T Waste treatment, Odor. Nebraska. Identifiers: 'Livestock waste management re- search. Farm waste research project areas are dis- cussed in an overview. Some areas of researcn receive adequate concentration while other topics ilch « recycling farm wastes, are inadequate- ly considered. Projects which need PerffP»JW{ include those seeking to control feedlot rnnoH and odor due to land applications of farm wastes. Researchers are urged to cooperate and to work concurrently on related projects to prevent land, air, and water pollution. Recent outs into research allocations necessitate in- creased teamwork. (Frantz - East Central). 1012 — F3, F4 REGIONAL LIVESTOCK WASTE MAN- AGEMENT PROGRAM, R. W. Klels. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 11-15, Novem- ber 29-30, 1972. 1 tab. Descriptors: 'Research and development. 'Live- stock, 'Farm wastes. Management, Air pollu- tion. Water pollution. Waste treatment. Waste storage. Waste disposal. Recycling, Nitrogen, Nutrients, Confinement pens. Identifiers: 'Soil, U.S. Department of Agricul- ture. Environmental Protection Agency. Livestock waste management projects and ob- jectives are listed for state agricultural ex- periment stations. The primary purpose is to enhance the total effectiveness of all participa- ting agencies and Institutions while preventing unnecessary duplication. Present efforts have been building up, as have problems of waste management, for fifteen years. Needed are projections of not only economic costs, but also of social and environmental costs. (Frantz - East Central). 1013 — Al, F4 POLLUTION OF AIR. WATER, AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Lincoln. Ne- braska. 313 image: ------- L. F. Elliott. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 23-28, Novem- ber 29-30, 1972, 28 Tel. Descriptors: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, •Soil contamination. 'Farm wastes, Feedlots, Odor, Surface waters, Groundwaters, Livestock. Identifiers: Spectroscopy Chromatography, Ni- trates, Oxidation, Soil profiles, Nebraska, Kan- sas, Air, water, and soil pollution research projects are discussed. Air pollution studies include at- tempt* at developing compounds which caa reliably Indicate odor*. While surface water pollution from feedlots is no longer deemed a major problem, research has been necessary for the prevention of toil pollution and ground- water pollution at feedlot sites. Sealants in holding ponds and debris basins and manage- ment practice! for land application of feed- lot waste* are also being studied. (Frantz • East Central). 1014 — A2, Bl, El APPLICATION, UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Agricultural Engineering Department. H. Wlttmus. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education. Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 31-35, Novem- ber 29-30, 1972, Descriptors: "Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, •Farm wastes. 'Livestock, Feed lota. Runoff Irrigation. Nitrates. Nebraska, Kansas, North Dakota, Identifiers: Mounding. Disposal from unpaved, beef cattle feed lots has the greatest pollution potential. Separation »' »««<« •" refeedlng, <») protein production, (6) building blocks. (7) raw material for oil. (8) methane production. Frantz- East Central). 1015 — A3, B1.C5, E2 DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF RUNOFF SYSTEMS, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln. Nebras- ka, U, S. Department of Agriculture. J. A. Nienaber. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p, 39-45. Novem- ber 29-30, 1972, 18 ref. Descriptor*: 'Farm wastes, 'Feed lot*, Cattle, •Runoff, Drainage, Flume*, Terracing, Nebraska. Identifiers: 'Runoff control system. Debris basin. Holding pond. Disposal area. A runoff control system has been successfully operated on two 1000 head feedlots. Designed from the University of Nebraska Field Labora- tory, the system consists of three components: debris basin, holding pond, and controlled dis- posal area. This system was proven superior to the one-pond system for liquid and solid wastes. Broad basin terrace* may be beneficial in flood protection a* well a* In runoff con- trol. Shallow debris basins are recommended for minimizing waste odor*, Wooden dam* with crushed rock release runoff from debris basins. The suggested disposal area I* from one half up to the full size of the feedlot Itself. Rainfall, slope length, and size of operation are among factors which affect runoff control de- sign. Alternative runoff control systems and their relative cost* are discussed. (Frantz • East Central), 1016 — A3, C2, C3, C5, F4 CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL WASTES AND RUNOFF, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Ne- braska, J. R. Ellis. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education. Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 49-53, No- vember 29-30, 1972, 29 ref, Descriptors: 'Conductivity, 'Farm wastes, 'Run- off, Thermal properties, Nutrients, Nitrate*, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Pathogenic bacteria. Wa- ter pollution, 'Physical Properties, 'Chemical properties. 'Biological properties. Animal para- sites, Amino adds. Waste disposal. Identifiers: 'Pollution potential, Waste manage- ment. Chemical, physical, and biological properties of farm waste* must be further studied to cor- rectly determine the pollution and management problems they present. The pollution potential discharged into streams requires chemical analy- sis of farm wastes, while design of runoff con- trol structures lend* itself to determination of physical properties. Further research is like- wise needed In assessing life of microorganisms In feces and In runoff control systems. Because comparatively little information has been es- tablished regarding the physical properties of farm wastes, further research Is suggested In characterizing feces, urine, and housed feed lot wastes, especially regarding gross energy, freez- ing point, and thermoconductlvlty. (Frantz - East Central). 1017 — Bl. C5, Fl WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Animal Science Department. S. Farlln. Proceeding*: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review. Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln Nebraska, p. 97-89, Novem- ber 29-30, 1971, S ref. Descriptor*: 'Feed lots, 'Farm waste*. 'Wait* treatment, Nutrition, Nebraska. Missouri. Iowa, Minnesota, Identifiers: 'Gains. Animal performance. Mounding, Cold/warm dot housing. Increasing animal performance, hence profits, depend* upon feed lot modification* such at mounding wastes In winter and decreasing cat- tle density. Also, cattle with access to sheltered lot* generally show Increased gain*, higher grade carcasses, and higher dressing percentages than cattle In open lot*. Additional research may be the key to making more accurate estimate* on the effects of housing and watte management on return* from feeding cattle. (Frantz • But Central). 1018 — Bl, Dl, El, Fl, F2 EDUCATION, ACTION AND REGULA- TORY PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Department ol Agricultural Engineering. E. A. Olson. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, November 29-30, 1972, p. 6346. Descriptors: 'Nebraska, 'Economics, Oxidation lagoon*, Hogs, 'Wait* disposal, Ventilation, Farm wattes. Odor. 'Feed lots, Cattle. Hogs,' Inlets (waterways). Identifier* i 'Nebraska Livestock Feeder* As- sociation, Department of Environmental Control, Voluntary waste control, Regulatory waste con- trol, American Soil Conservation Society. Rural Economic Agricultural Programs. Problem* associated with shifting from volun- tary waste control to regulations adopted by the Environment Control Council are outlined. Inspection* of feed lot* and investigations of existing waste management systems are in progress. Also outlined is the educational pro- gram (Including economic factor* coordinated by county extension agents, consulting engin- eers and the DEC. Advised maintenance of pre- sent systems and future research needs are discussed in outline form. (Frantz - East Cen- 1019 — Al, Bl, E2, F2 PROBLEMS OF ANIMAL WASTE MAN- AGEMENT FROM THE LIVESTOCK FEEDER VIEWPOINT, •Chairman of the Environmental Management Committee of the Nebraska Livestock Feeders Association; Chairman of the Nebraska Feedlot Waste Control Advisory Committee. W, Krejci. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education. Lincoln. Nebraska, p. 69-71, Novem- ber 29-30, 1972. Descriptors: 'Feed lot*. 'Farm wastes, 'Run- off. Odor, 'Cattle, 'Hogs, Lagoons. Surface waters, Nebraska, Air pollution. Legal aspects Identifiers: 'Agricultural Research Service, De- partment of Environmental Control. Livestock feeders have sacrificed some of their freedom for the Improvement of the environ- ment. Arguments and recommendations are con- sidered from the feeders' viewpoint. Filtering runoff through fields is a suggested alternative to concentration of runoff into holding pond*. Also, swine wastes should be u much in gov- ernmental focus as are cattle waste problem*. More extensive data will be required to control some feed lot runoff problems, but proper management and further governmental and ed- ucational cooperation will aid feeders. (Frantz • East Central). 1020 — Al, E2, F3 POLLUTION OF AIR, WATER AND SOIL BY LIVESTOCK, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebras- ka. T. M. McCalla, and G. E. Schuman. Proceedings: Livestock Watte Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continu- ing Education. Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 78-79, November 29-30. 1972, ' Descriptors: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution. •Soil contamination, 'Feed lots, Odor. Runoff. "Waste storage, 'Waste treatment, 'Wast* dis- posal, Livestock. 'Farm waste*, Nitrate*, Oroundwater. Identifiers; 'Abandoned feedlot, reclamation. Although researchers have solved many prob- lems, they have uncovered many area* which require further research. A standard method for defining odorou* compound* I* needed. More reliable maintenance and sealants are needed to prevent seepage Into ground water. Experiments in land disposal should be carried out for at least ten year* to assure long range effects. (Frantt • East Central). 1021 — A2, Bl, El, F2 APPLICATION, UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK WASTES, University of Nebraska. Lincoln. Agricultural Engineering Department. . •™"""™ O. E, Croat. Proceeding*: Livestock Watte Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Descriptors: •Farm waste*. Feed lota, 'Waste disposal, 'Recycling. 'Water pollution, •Applica- tion methods, irrigation, 'Soil management, Ph£ slcal properties. Chemical properties. Runoff Groundwater. Effluent*, Nitrate*. CentrUngatton • Conductivity, Phytotoxldty. Cattle, Hen.7 ToS Identifiers; MlcronutrienU. Research plan* for fourteen project* are given. Research objectives and problems to be faced 314 image: ------- are dlscusied, current problenu Include wute management, wute utilization, runoff control systems, effluent disposal and effects of disposal on agricultural land. (Frantz - Ext Central). 1022 — A2,A5,B2,F3 RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE DE- SIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL SYS- TEMS. Airlcultural Research Service, Lincoln. Nebru- ka, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Proceeding!: Livestock Waste Management Re- view Nebruka Center for Continuing Educa- tion, Lincoln, Nebruka, p. 93-97, November 29- 30, 1972, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Feed lot, 'Wute disposal, Nebras- ka? 'Farm wutes. 'Pollutants, 'Cattle, Gravity, Irrigation, 'Runoff, Effluents. Infiltration. Identifiers: Environmental Protection Agency. Buffer strips. Field disposal. Meat Animal Re- search Center, University of Nebruka Field Laboratory, Soil Conservation Service. Current niearch should partially resolve feed lot runoff problems, but the goal is set for "zero pollution." New plans and objectives for overland flow, buffer strips, feed lot floor de- sign and topographical research are discussed. These method* require researched proof of en- vironmental acceptability. Proper distribution of effluent is of major concern to the Soil Con- servation Service. Odor, because of nuisance suits, may be the greatest runoff problem. The facilities ot the University Field Laboratory and Meat Animal Research Center la aiding re- search in several runoff control areu. (Frantt • East Central) 1023 — Cl, El CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE AND RUNOFF, AaVculfttral Research Service, Lincoln, Nebras- ka. U.SY Department of Agriculture. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Ha- search Review, Nebraska Center of Continuing Education, Lincoln. Nebruka, p. 101-103, Novem- £,r M.30, 1472. » re*. and disposal are listed In order to priority; odors, nutrient or chemical control or adjust- ment, treatment for reduction, land disposal, re-use, and system selection. Housed livestock research facilities at Nebraska's Meat Animal Research Center are described and possible re- search suggestion* are listed. (Frantz • East Central). 1025 — Dl, El, F3 OTHER RESEARCH NEEDS, University of Nebruka, Department of Agricul- tural Engineering. W. E. Splinter. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 113-114, Novem- ber 29-30, 1972. Descriptors: 'Firm wastes. Proteins. Runoff, •Feed lots. 'Waste disposal. •Recycling. Con- llnement pens, Aquatic animal*. Hog*. Cattle. Filters, Nebraska. Identifiers: 'Paunch manure, Horses. While needs are being met In many research fields, several areas will require Increased at- tention. Alternate methods of recycling cattle manure, the use of grass as a runoff filter, and the treatment and disposal of twine, hone and aquatic waste* should further be explored. (Frantz • East Central). Descriptors! •Farm •Chemical properties, 'Feed lota, Collformi. Pathogenic bacteria, Lagoons, Management. •Waste disposal, Degradation, Runoff, Cattle. Identifiers i 'Catonle nutrients. Mounding, Micro- Dial properties. Defining physical, chemical and mleroUtl char- SSeristics h basic to current and future farm waste disposal and runoff control. Tore* proj- ects whose aims are determining physical and chemical properties in relation to toe .mechanics ofwaate disposal are discussed. Approximately Sreeyears wUl be required to complete needed research in these areas. (Frant* • East Central). 1026 — F3 REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR'S SUM- MARY, Agricultural Research Service. North Central Re- gion, PeorU, Illinois, U.S. Department of Agri- culture. T. B,. Klnney, Jr. Proceedings: Livestock Waate Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p, 117-119, Novem- ber 29-30, 1972. Descriptor*: 'Farm waste*. Research. The regional administrator encourage* research efficiency by Increased cooperation among state, federal and Industrial group*. Research priorities must be Justly established and sound research must be carried out on high priority prob- lenu. (Frantz - East Central). 1024 — Bl, F4 WASTE-INDUCED PROBLEMS OF HOUSED LIVESTOCK, U S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service. day Center, Nebraska, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Proceeding*: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review. Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 107-110, Novem- £er JMOV 1972, 1 tab, *: 'Shesp, 'Cattle, •Hog*. Nebraska, B.CYUUV, Pollutants, Odor, Waste disposal, {confinement Pens, 'Feed lot*, Nutrient*, Oxida- tion. Waste treatment, Transportation, Identifiers: 'Housed confinement, Meat Animal Research Center. Although farm wast* problem* an in great need of research. Uveitock confinement provide* numerous advantages: greater mechanisation of chores, animal protection, and potentially Increased production. Specific problem* related to waste collection, treatment, transportation 1027 — F3 REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR'S SUM- MARY, Agricultural Research Service, North Central Region, Peorta, Illinois, U.S. Department of Agriculture. H. M. Teeter. Proceedings: Livestock Wait* Management Re- search Review, Nebraska Center for Continuing Education, Nebruka, p. 111-124, November 29- 30, 1*78. Identifiers! 'Program Planning Review. Researchers should be required to do fewer review* and report* that could be don* through the Program Planning Review. The Program Planning Review plan* and evaluates research program* and uses*** the quality and effective- ness of research. (Franti -But Central). High priority problems call for specific research approaches. Shortage of funds necessitates con- solidation of some programs and reduction of others. Resources should be budgeted for effi- cient research at all locations. (Frantz • East Central). 1029 — F9 CONCLUDING COMMENTS, Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Ag- riculture, University of Nebraska. Lincoln. H. W. Ottoion. Proceedings: Livestock Waste Management Re- search Review, Nebruka Center for Continuing Education, Lincoln, Nebruka, p. 127-129, Novem- ber 29-30. 1972. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. Crop production. Livestock. Soils. Marketing, Wute disposal. Odor. Feed lots. Confinement pens, Nebraska, Identifiers: 'Agricultural Research Service, En- vironmental Protection Agency, Land application. The livestock wute management conference was * success. The conference was a bench mark Inventory on which research in livestock waste management may be planned in the fu- ture. (Frantz - East Central) 1030 — C3, E3 RECOVERY OF ANIMAL FEED FROM CATTLE MANURE , Northern Marketing and Nutrition Research Di- vision, Agricultural Research Service, Peorta, Illinois, U.S. Department of Agriculture. R. W. Jonei, J. H. Sloneker, and G. E. Inglett. Proceedings 18th Ainual Institute of Envtoon- mental Sciences, P. 267-289, 3 tab.. 17 ref, Descriptor*: 'Recycling. 'Farm wastes. 'Cattle, •Feed lot*, Wut* disposal, Amino adds, -Pro- tein*. Filtration, CeotrUugatlon, Illinois. Identifiers: 'Fractionating. In the United States over 10 million tons of Ugh grade protein are produced MjutW.in cat- tle manwe. Separating useful feed from fecal wute has become a valuable proces. which lower* feed costs and aid* in waste disposal, Four methods for fractionating manure to re- move undesirable constituents to produce nign- prtMnteed"iK.nt are l"""^"^ may be refined to remove the residue frac- tion, yielding a soluble fraction and «'"*«"• Uon that contains 64% of the original nitrogen. The feed fraction is higher in amino add con- tent than corn or wheat. The average steer MnuaUy Prooices 134 to $89 worth of feed "action. Feed saving* alone could be u*edI to properly . T. Sobel. and H. H. Davis, Paper preienttd at the 1972 Winter Meeting oi the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, minds, December IMS. 1972, Paper No. 72-806, 12 p., 3 tab.. 9 fig. Descriptors: 'Poultry. Odor, Nutrients. 'Recy- cling. 'Firm wute*. Physical properties, Mois- ture. Fertilizers. 'Waste disposal. Idantlflers: New York. 'In-house drying, High- rise poultry house, Circulating fans, Exhaust fans, Drying costs, Forced air over manure removes water con- tinuously In a high rise poultry house designed to house 30,000 caged birds. The drying pro- cess removu one-half of the wutes' total weight and reduces odor by minimizing bacterial ac- tivity. The dried manure is spread only once a year, thus recycling nutrient* through cropland. Design figures for a high-rise poultry house ' and operation coats for the drying system are Included. (Frantz • Eut Central). 315 image: ------- 1032 — Al, F4 NEBRASKA IS NO. ONE, Calf News. p. 38-39, July. 1972, vol. 10, No. 7. 8 fig. Descriptors: Teed lots, Cattle, *Farm wastes, Odor, Irrigation, Laboratories, Percolation, Soil analysis, Nebraska. Facilities of the Agricultural Research Service at the University of Nebraska were observed by CALF. A well equipped laboratory was found that supplies data which a computer stores and disseminates. Field sampling sites were examined. Runoff, air and water pene- tration into the soil, irrigation, and cattle breed- ing are only a few of the studies made through use of these faculties. (WetherlU - East Cen- tral). 1033 — A3, Dl, F5 NITROGEN IN INDUSTRY, Ultimate Disposal Research Program, Advanced Waste Treatment Research Laboratory, Water Quality Office, Environmentaal Protection Agen- cy, Cincinnati, Ohio. J. B. Farrell, Presented at symposium on Nitrogen in Soil and Water. Hespeler, Ontario. Canada, March 30-31. 1971, 14 p.. 3 tab., 2 fig., 13 ref. (PB-213 731. N.T.I.S.). Descriptors: •Nitrogen, 'Industry, 'Fertilizers, •Water pollution. Ammonia, Farm Animals, Urea, Activated carbon, Chlorination, Denitrifi- cation, Industrial wastes, Waste treatment. Air pollution. Identifiers: Nitric acid. The extent of water pollution from industrial and fertilizer production sources is examined. Ni- trogen from industrial production represents only a portion of the nitrogen distributed to water. Nitrogen water pollution from Industrial sources then is restricted to Isolated point sources. Large tonnage processes produce nitro- genous effluents in gaseous forms thus causing air pollution and not water pollution. Small tonnage production, however, can lead to large quantities of nitrogen lost. Recovery is imprac- tical because of the economies involved in sepa- rating nitrogen from the wastes. Nitrogen may be removed biologically by changing nitrogen to ammonia or nitrates, then through chlorina- tion, ion exchange, or FeSO« reduction can re- move nitrogen entirely or convert it to a gas, image: ------- 1039 - A3, C3 NUTRIENTS IN STREAMS DRAINING WOODLAND AND FARMLAND NEAR COSHOCTON, OHIO, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Soils Lab. A. W. Taylor, W. M. Edwards, and E. C. Simpson. Water Resources Research, Vol 7, No I, p 81-89, February 1971.9 p, 3 fig, 6 tab. Descriptors: 'Nutrients, 'Runoff, 'Forests, •Farms, 'Ohio, Nitrogen, Nitrates, Phosphates, Potassium, Data collections, Water quality. Path of pollutants, Eutrophication, Appalachian Mountain Region, Farm wastes, Statistical methods, Fertil- izers, Leaching, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Woodlands, Farm lands, Coshocton (Ohio). Nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium concentra- tions were measured in streams draining woodland and farmland watersheds at Coshocton, Ohio 1966 through 1969. Temporal variations in the nutrient concentrations were much smaller than the changes in the rate of streamflow. No relationship was found between any nutrient Concentration ana streamflow, and no seasonal changes in concentra- tion were detected. Nutrient losses from farmland were significantly greater than those from woodland. The nitfate-N concentration in the farm runoff was below 2 ppm except for one short period when it rose to 10 ppm. The input of nitrogen in the rain was greater than the loss in runoff from both watersheds. The average concentration of phosphate in runoff was 22 ppb (of P) from the farm and 15 ppb from the woodland. The analysis of the data shows that total nutrient losses cannot be calculated meaningfully unless both hydrologic and chemical data are available. The volume of water flow is the most important variable in this calculation. (Knapp-USGS) 1040 - D4, FS STABILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTES BY ALGAI.-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN OXIDA- TION PONDS. Alexandria Univ. (Egypt). High Inst. of Public Health. F M. El-Sharkawi. and S. K. Mo'awad. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation. VuH2. No l.p 115-12.V January 1970. 4 fig. 5 lab, 17 ref. Descriptors: *Duir,y industry, 'Oxidation lagoons. •Pilot plants. Alguc, Biochemical oxygen demand. lliolotic.il treatment, Photosynthesis, Stabilization. •Waste water treatment. 'Farm wastes. Identifiers: 'Alexandria (Egypt). Pandorina. Solu- hie organic solids. A pilot-plant study of BOD reduction of milk processing wastes is reported. A synthetic dairy waste of 750 mg/l BOD was fed continuously to rectangular concrete basins with sloping sides to minimize sludging. The detention period was 10 days. An influent pH of 9.B was maintained to keep the pH at a level conducive to algal growth. Tank depth was important in maintaining balance between the algal and bacterial fractions of the system. The microflora showed plasticity in adapt- ing to environmental variations. Pandorina con- stituted a major member of the flora highly adapta- ble to interaction with dairy wastes. Pandorina could tolerate wide temperature variations (11 dcg to 32 dcg C) at a constant depth of 75 cm. pther organisms were responsive to specific conditions and when the dominant groups suffered a aeripus setback, the subdominanti flourished. Biochemical. oxygen demand (BOD) reductions were 80 to 90 percent at a BOD loading rate of 220 Ibs/acre/day f 246 kg/dia/day). (Aguirrc-Texas) 1041 - A4, C3 STATISTICAL EVALUATION OP SALINITY AND NITRATE CONTENT AND TRENDS »|NEATH USBAN AND AGRICULTURAL AREA-FRESNO, CALIFORNIA, Agricultural Research Service, Fresno, Calif. Groundwater Recharge Field Station. Harry I. Nightingale. Oroundwkter, Vol t, No I,p22-28, Jan-F«b 1970 7 p,« fig, 5 tab, I ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Ground- water. •California, 'Nitrates, 'Salinity, Water wells. Aquifers, Irrigation water. Fertilizers, Ur- banization, Statistical methods, Surveys, Conduc- tivity, Farm wastes, Regression analysis. Identifiers: Fresno (Calif). . The salinity and nitrate content of well water for an urban zone (Freino-ClovU, California) and the im- mediate surrounding irrigated agricultural tone were compared using dau for 1950 through 1967. Time trends in these water chemical properties were evaluated statistically by dividing the 18-year period into three 6-year period*. Salinity of the urban zone ground water has increased with time, whereas that of the agricultural zone has fluctuated considerably. Possible reasons for changes are discussed. The nitrate content of well water from both zonei hit increased with time, with water from the agricultural zone showing the greatest in- crease. (Knapp-USOS) 1042 - A3, C5, E2 THE PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURAL POLLU- TION IN WATER TREATMENT, Pawtucket Water Dept., R.I. John A. McManus.and Albert A. Zarfa. Journal of the New England Water Works Associa- tion, Vol. S3. No. 4, p 311-321,Dec. 1969. II p. 2 tab, 2 fig. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Animal wastes, ' Fertilizers, Farm wastes. Water pollution treatment. Legal aspects. Identifiers:'Pawtucket (Rhode Island). The main concern of the Pawtucket, Rhode Island water supply system is the problem of pollution due to farmers using animal wastes for fertilizer, Due to the lack of large reservoir at the lowest end of the drainage basin feeding the treatment plant, the results of the animal wastes on the fields are severe at the point of treatment. The drainage and the seasonal usage of the water supply system are described: The pollution problem is in part at- tributed to one cattle company which hauled their waste material Into the basin and deposited the solid and liquid pastes in great quantities. Because of the lack of dilution or detention time, high bac- terial levels resulted. A schematic diagram of the water treatment plant is shown and its capabilities are described. The problem it that existing Mate taw does not allow the prohibition of fertilizing agricultural land with animal wastes, even if such methods result in water pollution. (Grossman-Rut- gers) 1043 - Al, Bl WASTES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Soil and Water Conservation Research Oiv. Cecil H. Wadleigh. Dep Agr MUc Publication No 1065, Mar 1968.112 p. I fig, 4 tab, 139 ref, 4 append. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Water pol- lution effects, 'Agriculture, 'Forestry, Agricul- tural chemicals. Fertilizers, Pesticides, Farrn wastes, Farm management, Organic wastes, Indus- trial wastes, Forest management, Sediment load, Microorganisms. Identifiers: Farm and forestry wastes. The sourcei and effects of waitet contributed to air, water, and soil by agricultural and forestry management practices are briefly discussed. The major waste categories considered are radioactivi- ty, chemical air pollutants, airborne dusts, sedi- ments, plant nutrients, inorganic chemicals, or- ganic wastes, infectious agents, allergens, industrial and agricultural chemicals, and heat. A bibliog- raphy of 139 entries is included. Appendices discuss wastes adversely affecting agriculture and forestry, research on waste management, and problems in waste, management needing more at- tention. (Knapp-USGS) 1044 - A3, E2 EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVE- MENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN, Wisconsin Univ. Madison. R.J.Olsen. Univ of Wisconsin, Water Resources Center, Re- port 1969. 79 p. OWRR B-004-Wis. Descriptors: 'Nitrification, 'Soil nitrogen, 'Public health, 'Soil leaching, Groundwater, Soil profiles, Water table. Surface runoff. Farm wastes. Aerobic conditions, Incubation. Identifiers: 'Lake eutrophication, 'Soil phosphorus, Alfalfa-bromegrass, Spring thaws, Fer- tilizer-nitrogen. There is increasing evidence that agriculture is con- tributing to the increase in nitrate-nitrogen in streams, lakes, and domestic water supplies. High amounts of nitrate-nitrogen in water afe a health hazard and contribute to lake eutrophicatior. Methods by which nitrogen may enter the wa".<- from agricultural sources include the leaching of nitrate-nitrogen through the soil profile to the water table and surface runoff, especially during spring lhaws from manure applied to frozen soil during the winter. The data obtained from field ex- periments indicate that pollution of groundwater with nitrate-nitrogen can be limited by avoiding ex- cessive rates of fertilizer nitrogen; providing a crop cover on the soil during the growing season; use of hay crops, such as alfalfa-bromegrass, in rotation with corn or other crops receiving fertilizer nitrogen; and not permitting unprotected manure to accumulate during the time of year when leaching can occur. Recovery of fertilizer nitrogen by three successive corn crops and as soil inorganic nitrogen following the last crop ranged from 72 to 88 percent. The average concentration of nitrate- nitrogen in the soil solution at the lowest profile depth sampled ranged from 14 ppm for virgin soils to 21 ppm for manure contaminated soils and to 33 ppm for cultivated soils. Rate of nitrification was directly related to the rate of manure application, presence of aerobic conditions, period of incuba- tion, and soil phosphorus. The average recovery of nitrogen by chemical analysis of the soil receiving the higher manure rates after 37 weeks of incuba- tion ranged from 24% for anaerobic conditions to 73 to 80 percent for the aerobic conditions. These data suggest that where animal manure is not to be used as a fertilizer, lagooning of the manure under anaerobic conditions may be an effective method of disposal with a minimum risk of water pollution. (Olsen-UnivofWis) 1045 - A3 AGRICULTURE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE FERTILIZATION OF CANAL LAKE, Ouelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Soil Science. F. R. Campbell, and L. R. Webber. J Soil and Water Conserv, Vol 24, No 4, p 139-141 Aug 1969.3 p, 2 fig, 2 tab, 9 ref. Descriptors: *Eutrophication, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution sources, 'Agriculture, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Fertilizers, Runoff, Farm wastes Productivity, Aquatic plants. Identifiers: 'Canal Lake (Ontario). 317 image: ------- Witer quality, weed growth, and nutrient loadings of Canal Lake, Ontario were itudied between May and November 1968. Relatively little nitrogen and phosphorus are contributed by the area'i low-level agriculture. Precipitation contributei more nitrogen than streams. Agriculture contributei about O.IS Ib/acre, about a twentieth of the yield from an equivalent nonfertitized area. Most nitrogen probably comet from lake Kdimentt, plant!, and fixation of nitrogen in the lake. About 84% of the phosphorus probably originates in a lake upstream of Canal Lake. The agricultural yield is only about 63 Ib from 30,000 acres. These con- tributions, of nutrients are negligible considering the total nutrients in the lake, the nutrient load of the itreami and other sources of nutrients. (Knapp- USGS) 1046 - Fl, F5 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY PROCESSING WASTEWATEH IN DELAWARE AND APPROPRIATE MUNICIPAL SEWER TAXATION, Delaware Univ., Newark. Dept. of Agricultural and Food Economic*. B.L. Hudson. M. S. Thesis, June, 1970.92 p, 28 lie, 4 tab, 40 ref, 3 append. OWRR B-003-DEL (3). Descriptors: 'Waste water (Pollution), •Economics, 'Waste water treatment; 'Poultry, •Water pollution sources, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Industries, Delaware, Sewage districts, Taxes. Identifiers: 'Sewage assessments. One important ' characteristic of the poultry processing industry is its high water usage rate. This characteristic has become cause for great concern among processors due to the newer and more rigid water pollution regulations of both the federal and state governments. Five of Delaware's six poultry processing plants were studied primari- ly to determine the sources of waste and waste- water. The general study procedure involved isolating and analyzing effluents from individual in-plant operations. The scalding, dressing, eviscerating, and chilling operations are the main sources of wastewater. The clean-up operation also produces sizable amounts of wastewater although precise measurements were unavailable. Average main effluent volumes per processed bird varied considerably between plants, ranging from 3.2 to 8.2 gallons. A case study of Milford, Delaware's wastewater treatment operations in- dicated that sewage assessments may take the form of (I) annual contributions by firms to the municipality, (2) cost-sharing payments for con- struction and maintenance, and (3) payments based on variable rates. Equity and efficiency con- siderations suggest, however, that a combination property-marginal cost tax system might be more desirable. (Settle-Wisconsin) 1048 - B2, D4, E2 SPRINKLER APPLICATION OF ANAEROBI- CALLY TREATED SWINE WASTES AS LIMITED BY NITROGEN CONCENTRATION, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agricultural En- gineering. riCKoeuker. Ph-D. Thesis, 1972. 203 p, 11 fig, 66 tab, 60 ref, 16 append. OWRR A-021-IA (6). Descriptors: 'Anaerobic conditions, Irrigation, •Chemical oxygen demand, Denitrification, •Nitrogen, Application rates. Phosphorus, Lagoons, 'Farm wattes, 'Wastewater treatment, •Water reuse, 'Sprinkler irrigation. Soils, Hogs, Wastewater disposal, Sands, Clays. Identifiers: 'Swine wastes. The effectiveness of soil as • final treatment and disposal system for anaerobically treated swine wastes was examined. Anaerobic lagoon effluent was applied to grass covered and tile drained field by sprinkler irrigation during the May-October season. Over a 3-year period, average concentra- tions in the tile drainage were 5-21 percent of the COD, 20-40 percent of the nitrogen and 1-10 per- cent of the phosphorus applied in the anaerobic lagoon effluent. In 4-ft. laboratory soil columns with soils ranging in texture from sand to silty clay loam, less than 10 percent, on a mass basis, of the nitrogen added in anaerobic lagoon effluent was lost; unless the soil became so waterlogged that at some time during a 45-wlc. period it would no longer infiltrate the 2 inches/wk. applied. Addition of 20 tons/acre of oats straw as an energy source to the top six inches of half the columns did not improve nitrogen losses. All textures of soils removed more than 95 and 99.8 percent of the COD and phosphorus, respectively, from the per- colate. Soil has a great potential to remove ox- ygen-demanding material (COD) and phosphorus from anaerobic lagoon effluent; however, its ef- fectiveness as a final treatment system is limited by an inability to successfully remove nitrogen. Therefore, anaerobic lagoon effluent should be considered as a very dilute solution of liquid nitrogen and its application to soil restricted to rates that are consistent with the nitrogen require- ments of crops grown on the disposal area. (Powell-Iowa State) 1049 - A3, Fl ECONOMICS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGE- MENT: EXEMPLIFIED BY SPECIFIED POLLU- TANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, Iowa State Univ., Ames. J. J. Jacobs. Ph.D. Thesis, 1972. 208 p, 5 fig, 58 tab, 129 ref, 2 append. OWRR B-01S-IA (2). Descriptors: Economics. Water quality control. Pollutants. •Agricultural runoff, 'Sediments, •Phosphorus. Iowa, 'Water management (Ap- plied), Water pollution sources, 'Cost analysis Cultivation. Identifiers: •Nishnabotna River Basin, Minimum tillage. The role of economics in environmental quality management was analyzed, with particular reference to the optimal level of water quality in a selected use area. Sediment and phosphorus in agricultural runoff were the pollutants selected in depicting the role of economics in water quality management. The agricultural land in the Nish- nabotna River Basin in Southwestern Iowa was the study area. This land was split up according to six capability classes, supplied by the Conserva- tion Needs Inventory. These capability classes in combination with crop rotations, tillage methods and conservation practices are regarded as a cropping system. For each system the annual costs and returns in addition to sediment and phosphorus losses were estimated. With this infor- mation the minimum cost of achieving specified levels of water quality, i.e., sediment and phosphorus, were obtained. The study results point up the dominance of minimum tillage and continuous row crops in the optimal solutions. The results also indicate that the magnitude of the delivery ratio and the phosphorus constraints have a relatively small impact on the cost of the pro- gram. Furthermore, it was shown that the most stringent constraint could be met at an estimated cost of about $4.75 per acre with a delivery ratio of .25. While this cost does not appear to be un- reasonable, comparing the control cost with the benefits to a municipal use indicates that this level of quality control can only be justified economi- cally if there is a large reuse of the water (80-400:1) or substantial aesthetic benefits. (Powell-Iowa State) 1050 - Al, F2 THE LEGAL FUTUREi NEW THEORIES Of ENVOtONMBNTAL PROTECTION, CaHfemU Uar».. Berkeley. P. I. Berry. b: Transcripts of DM Speech**. National Co»- rartnee on BaviroMMntal Law, p 113-207, November 1 970. 23 p. Descriptors: •Biviroamental saakatioa. . •Remedies, •Ugsdattoa. 'Pollution abatesMat. Natural resources. Resource allocation. Environ- Dcaul effects, Conservation. Water poUrtoa, Water poUutkm control. Air pollution, Federal government. State governments, Administrative agencies, Government finance. Industries, Forest management. Oil Industry, Livestock, Mining. Lumbering, Land management, Taxes, Decision making. Legal aspects. Identifiers: National Environmental Protection Act Historical approaches to conserving natural resources through statutory aad common law means provide solely remedial measures. Recent trends in ton law evidence stronger methods of en- vironmental protection. This has been achieved by broadening the concept of causation aad imagina- tive applications of the public trust doctrine. Com- prehensive protection of the environment may result from either a constitutional amendment creating a new civil liberty or stronger state statutes. The 1970 Michigan Environmental Pro- tection Act is discussed, with emphasi* upon what this new legislation will accomplish. The National Environmental Policy Act is criticized for its failure to prohibit ecologically unsound activities. The concept of corporate responsibility for private in- dustry is discussed, and the traditional polarity between the private profit motive and national en- vironmental preservation is considered. Environ- mental solutions must alter the basic nature of private industry. Possible means of attaining this in- clude: (1) national law, (2) Mate law. and (3) voluntary charter amendment. Proposals are sug- gested for revising taxation objectives. The Public Land Law Review Commission's Report is criticized, aad alternatives to its findings are (Rees-Flonda) 1051 - A2, B2, C5 POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES. Washington Univ., Seattle. Water and Air Resources Div. Water and Sewage Works, Vol. 117, No. 18, p 241 - 297, August 1970.6 fig, 3 tab, IS ref. Descriptors: 'Fish hatcheries, •Salmonids. 'Water pollution sources, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Dissolved oxygen, 'Hydrogen ion concentration. •Ammonia, 'Nitrates, 'Phosphates, 'Solid wastes, •Animal wastes (Wildlife), Water pollution con- trol. Food abundance, Chemical oxygen demand, Pathogenic bacteria. Animal parasites, Silts. Identifiers: 'Feces, Drugs. The water pollution potential of satmonid hatchery operations was studied by surveying the literature, by questionnaire surveys, and by'field tests. The study began in February 1969, and ended in February 1970. Pollution problems reported to be associated with fish hatchery operations included nutritional enrichment, algae and weed growth, taste und odor, scttleable solids, pathogenic bac- teria and parasites organic matter, chemicals and drugs. The literature review produced no positive results. The questionnaire survey revealed that 13 of 46 hatcheries responding indicated that they have had pollution problems. Field tests were con- ducted at the Green River Salmon Hatchery and the Kowlitz Trout Hatchery in the state of Washington to determine COD, BOD. and DO. pH. ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, suspended solids, dis- solved solids, scttleable solids, total solids, and total 318 image: ------- volatile solids. It was determined that the greatest pollution occurred during pond cleunout, and the most prevalent pollutants were fish fecal wastes und residual food. The result of the discharge of these pollutants was that: (1) the dissolved oiygcn level was lowered in the effluent, (2) nutrient pol- lutunts (Nitrate und phosphate) resulting from decomposition of fish food were increased. (3) solid pollutants both dissolved and seltleable were significantly increased. It was further found that there were relationships between pollutant produc- tion rates, feeding rates, fish size, loading densities, and water supply rates. (Little-Battelle) 1052 - A3, A4, Bl, E2 EFFECT OF ANIMAL WASTES APPLIED TO SOILS ON SURFACE AND GROUND WATER SYSTEMS, Maine Univ., Orono. Dept. of Soil Sciences. F. E. Hutchinson, R. A. Hoffman, and R. F. Jeffrey. Maine Water Resources Research Center, Orono, Project Completion Re- port, September 1972. 38 p, 8 fig, 21 tab. OWRR X-020-MEU). Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Ground- water, 'Farm wastes, 'Nitrogen, 'Maine, On-site investigations. Analytical techniques, Poultry, Path of pollutants, Soil properties, Rates of appli- cation, Infiltration rates, Data collections. Identifiers: 'Poultry manure. This research project was conducted in Maine to determine the maximum acceptable rates of appli- cation of manure in: (1) excessively drained glacial outwash, (2) well drained glacial till and (3) poorly drained Maine soils, using field plots and a lysime- ter study. Periodic analyses of soil, soil water and groundwater samples from a Windsor loamy sand treated annually for two years with poultry manure at nitrogen rates up to 1400 pounds per acre. Results indicate that mineralization of N oc- curred rapidly and that nitrate content of the sub- son just above the groundwater became high at times at rates above 350 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Nitrogen did not move downstope in any form at the top of the fragipan in a Charlton fine sandy loam beyond a distance of 20 feet on a 10 percent slope below plots treated with rates of N up to 1400 pounds per acre for two consecutive years. When nitrogen in poultry manure was ap- plied to a poorly drained Scantic silt loam, an unacceptable amount of nitrate N moved through the profile into the free water table from applica- tions greater than 200 pounds of N per acre. (Woodant-USGS) 1053 - C4 BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF METHODS FOR DETECTING FECAL POLLUTION, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. PaulR. Middaugh. Comple- tion Report April, 1970. 14 p. OWRR Project A- 019-SDAKU). Descriptors: Water pollution sources, 'Farm wastes, Bacteria E coli, Coliforms, Pathogenic bac- teria, 'Sewage bacteria, E coli, Enteric bacteria, Streptococcus bpvis, Streptococcus faecalis, 'Pol- lutant identification, The initial or laboratory research phase of objec-, lives were achieved. These were to improve the specificity, speed and reliability to bacteriological methods for determinging kinds and number of fecal bacteria in water resources. The major objec- tive of distinguishing between human and animal sources of pollution was partially achieved by im- proved isolation of the rumen organism Streptococcus bovis. The objective of determining the survival of selected fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus in river water with and without filtra- tion was completed in the M.S. Thesis study by Joseph Zerfas." He compared river water in labora- tory flasks with environmental river exposure chambers to determine survival effect of tempera- ture from 10 to 30C, decreased both coliform and streptococci equally with increased temperature. Added organic nitrogen fertilization of river from normal level 2.5 ppm N to 10 to 30 ppm N stimu- lated growth and lengthened survival time. Both kinds of organisms increased in survival in water with reduced dissolved oxygen compared to aerated water. In untreated river water fecal coliform bacteria lived longer than fecal streptococci, lit and 0.1% survival respectively after 7 days. Water membrane filtered to remove protozoa gave 20% coliform and 100% streptococ- cus survival after 7 days. In M.S. Thesis study by L. Koupal, methods for detecting the rumen organism Streptococcus bovis resulted in a rapid, sensitive selective method using membrane filter for quan- titative recovery from river water and selective medium incubated in 25% CO2+753 N2 gas grows S. bovis which is then detected by starch agar over- lay. Only ruminants have S. bovis in numbers in feces so S. bovis in river survival studies was proven to be a useful tracer for ruminant pollution of sur- face waters. More rapid and sensitive methods for both indicator and pathogenic bacteria were being investigated when the project was terminated. 1054 - A2. Bl, D4 APPLICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES TO FEKDLOT RUNOFF, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept of Civil Engineer- T*Mc f cOhce, and R. L. Torrent. Paper presented at the Itth Annual Oreat Plains Waste Water Design Conference, Omaha, Nebraska, March 28, 1972. 1* p, 4 fig, 5 tab, 13 ref. OWRR-A-022-NEB (I). Descriptors: 'Biological treatment, 'Farm wastes, Feed lot*, Cattle, 'Watte water treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Agricultural ru- noff, 'Chemical oxygen demand, 'Sewage treat- ment, 'Aerobic treatment Laboratory studies of the aerobic treatment of feedlot runoff were conducted to determine the ef- fect of such fc«mdli»g upon waste characteristics and the design parameters required for such treat- ment. Liquid retention times (organic loading rate) and biological solid* concentrations were varied. Studies of the application of the BOD test to this waste were also conducted. Liquid retention time* in the laboratory system varied from one to eight days. The conclusions were: (1) An aerobic system can effectively treat this'waste with COD reduc- tion* of 60 percent or more. (2) Retention times of three days or more are adequate to insure treat- ment of solids concentrations (MLSS) of 2080 mg/L. (3) The color of the runoff is affected only slightly by such treatment (4) COD analysis is su- perior to BOD analysis in measuring the strength of this waste. 1055 - A2, A4 ANNUAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 1971. Maine Univ., Bangor. Water Resources Center. Annual Report No 7, 1971. 18 p, 3 append. OWRR A-999-ME (7). Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Water users, 'Planning, 'Projects, Legal aspects. Bottom sedi- ments, Geochemistry, Hydrology, Coniferous forests, Rivers, Lakes, Biochemical oxygen de- mand. Dissolved oxygen. Management, Livestock wastes. Water quality. Education, Eutrophication, Phosphates, Water pollution control. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, Model studies, Tu- ,bificids, Physicochemical properties, Gases, Political aspects, Attitudes, Environment. The research program conducted under the auspices of the University of Maine's Water Resources Center to solve Maine's water problems are described. Twelve projects explored the following areas: Hydrologic relationships in'a coniferous forest; An investigation of the causes, effects, and control of eutrophication in Maine lakes; Phosphate retention by lake sediments; Geochemical cycles involving flora, lake water, and bottom sediments; Legal aspect* of water pol- lution control through implementation of the ef- fluent charge concept; Effect of animal wastes ap- plied to sous on surface and ground water systems; The effects of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons on the growth of eu- ryhaline mieroalgte; Phase HI—Study of a river system as a chemical reactor; Effects of burrow- ing tubificid worms oa the exc'itnse of phosphorus between lake sediments and overlying water; A study of the physico-chemical parame- ter* affecting the removal of colloidal particles from water by porous media; Dissolved pollution product gases in natural waters; and Political and environmental attitudes of voters and public offi- cials related to alternative levels of water quality and correlated alternative systems of management of the Penobscot River. The Center's researchers extend their findings to users in an active coor- dination, information, education, and training pro- gram. (Auen-Wisconsin) 1056 - Fl AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICA- TIONS OF THE PERMIT SYSTEM OF WATER ALLOCATION, Iowa State Water Resources Research Inst, image: ------- 1057 - A2 EFFECTS OF POLLUTION, ESPECIALLY FROM FEEDLOTS, ON FISHES IN THE UPPER NEOSHO RIVER BASIN, Kansas Stale Univ., Manhattan. Water Resources Research Inst. F.B. Cross, and L.M.Cavin. Completion Report 1971; JO p. 6fig,7tab, 16ref.OWRR A-026-KAN(I). Descriptors: *Fishkill, 'Water pollution effects, Sampling. Habitats. Identifiers: "Feedlot pollution, "Upper Neosho River Basin, Nocomis asper, Notropis rubellus, Noturus nocturnus, Nolorus placidus, Notropis iutrensis, Notropis camurus. In spring, summer, and early autumn, 1969 and 1970, a total of 49 collections of fish were made at 17 localities in the upper Neosho River Basin: Fifty-three species were recorded, approximately as many as were known from the same area prior to severe drought in the early 1950's, establish- ment of three mainstream impoundments in the 1960's, and severe pollution from feedlots in 1966- 67. Species lists were not identical to those ob- tained in similar but less intensive surveys in 1952 and 1967. Changes in species composition are at- tributable partly to effects of impoundment (in- cluding introductions of some species) and partly to organic enrichment. Diversity indices are being determined for each collection, allowing com- parisons among samples from the same site on dif- ferent dates, between years, and among localities throughout the area. Three species known to have occupied these streams in the 1950's were not found in 1969 or 1970: the recently-described red- spot chub, Nocomis asper, Lachner and Jenkins, 1971; the rosy face shiner, Notropis rubellus; and the freckled mad torn. Noturus nocturnus. Several additional species were found only rarely in 1969- 70, including the Neosho madtom, Noturus placidus, the only species endemic to the Neosho basin. These four and others affected adversely are characteristic of clear, well-oxygenated streams having clean gravel riffles; their depletion is most logically attributable to effects of pollu- tion. The two species selected for detailed study, with respect to differential trends in their popula- tions associated with the period of organic pollu- tion, were the red shiner, Notropis Iutrensis, and the bluntface shiner, Notropis camurus. The red shiner became more abundant and more widespread within the streams studied, following fish-kills in J 966-67, Its increase seemingly oc- curred at the expense of the bluntface shiner, its nearest relative in the Neosho fauna. Apart from the advantage of comparing closely-related spe- cies, the bluntface shiner was chosen as the 'pollu- tion intolerant' form because other species fitting that description were not obtained in numbers adequate for the kinds of comparisons desired. The comparative study involved habitats occupied and relative abundance; population structure and growth rates; reproductive requirements, fecundi- ty, and spawning period; and response to reduced oxygen concentrations (routine metabolism, behavior under oxygen stress, loss of equilibrium, and capacity for recovery from temporary stress). Descriptor*: 'Mathematics! model*, 'Watersheds (Basins). 'Nutrients, Nitrogen. Pholphorui. Streamflow, Sewage treatment. Effluents, Annual waitei. Fertilizer!. Precipitation (Atmospheric), Soils. Water pollution sources. Model studies, Min- nesota, Snowmclt, Treatment facilities, Nitrogen fixation, Denitriflcation. Identifieri: 'Manure (preading, 'Spring runoff. Depletion processes. Nitrogen transformation, Agricultural practicei. Feedlot drainage. New Prague (Minn}. A nutrient enrichment accounting mathematical model was deviled for the New Prague watershed in MinneioU. The New Prague watershed ia 23.3 square miles in area and it predominately a rural watershed. Model input data was collected over a 2 1/2-year period from a stream gaging station and two automatic sampling stations. Over 800 water samples were analyzed. Extensive effort was placed on better understanding, the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. It is evident that the spring ru- noff process and accumulative winter fertilizer ap- plications constitute the major portion of diffuse sources of nutrients in the watershed. Point sources from feedlots and municipal and industrial ef- fluents contribute only 11 percent of the sigma N (total nitrogen, four component!) and 7 percent TP (total phosphorus). Disperse sources accounted for 89 percent of Sigma N and 93 percent of TP, with spring runoff in the two months of March and April accounting for 79 percent of the annual sigma N and 64 percent of the TP. The nutrient output from the watershed could be decreased by increasing penetration of the large amounts of sigma N and TP in snowpacks into the soil through land terracing to retart rapid spring runoffs and sub-surface drains to allow rapid drainage during the crop season. 1058 - A2, A4, C3, E2 DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE ROLE OF SUR- FACE RUNOFF AND GROUNDWATER FLOW IN OVERFERTILIZATION OF SURFACE WATERS, Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, Water Resources Research Center. Jack D, Johnson, and C. P, Straub, Minnesota Water Resources Research Center, Minneapolis, WRRC Bulletin 33, June, I97J, 176 p,58 fig, 65 tab, 78 ref, 4 append. OWRR Project B-012-MINN (I). 1059 - A2, A3, A4, C3 NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN KANSAS GROUNDWATER, Kansas Water Resources Research Inst., Manhat- tan. Larry S. Murphy, and Jay W. Gosch. Project Completion Report, March 1970. 56 p, 13 tab 19 fig, 38 ref. OWRR Project A-016-KAN. Descriptors: 'Nitrates, 'Groundwater, Fertiliza- tion, Irrigation. Nitrogen. Farm wastes. Fertilizers, Ammonium compounds. Water pollution sources. Identifiers: 'Nitrate movement. Feedlots. A study of nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in soils underlying feedlots in Kansas revealed accumula- tions of as high as 5000 kg/ha in a 4 meter soil profile. Age of the feedlots was found to be directly related to the amount of nitrate-nitrogen which had accumulated in the soil. Vertical movement of nitrate-nitrogen in feedlot soils had occurred even in areas of low rainfall (40-45 cm per annum). Large accumulations of ammonium-nitrogen but no nitr.'te-nitrogen were noted in a feedlot soil with a very low cation exchange capacity. Analyses of groundwater at that location were inconclusive in relating lack of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil profile with higher levels of nitrate-nitrogen in shallow aquifers. An investigation of the effects of high rates of applied inorganic nitrogen on nitrate- nitrogen accumulations in soil and groundwater was conducted azt two locations. Downward move- ment of nitrate-nitrogen under irrigated conditions was detected by deep soil sampling (5-6 meters) and comparisons of nitrate-nitrogen concentration peaks in the soil profile. Much variation in the amount of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil profile was noted even with uniform rates of nitrogen applica- tion. Investigation of nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in groundwater by means of check wells in the areas receiving large amounts of inorganic nitrogen revealed large fluctuations in the nitrate-nitrogen content over the life of the study but did not produce indications of definite trends. (McKenna- Kansas) 1060 - A2, F2 FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR. North Dakota Century Code Ann tecs 61-01-12 thru 61-01 • 14 as amended (Supp 1969). Descriptors: 'North Dakota, 'Water pollution sources, 'Water pollution control, 'Waste disposal. Water quality. Water quality control. Wastes, Industrial wastes. Refuse, Sewage ef- fluents. Gasoline, Oil wastes. Farm wastes. Cattle:, Sheep, Hogs. Sewage disposal. Streams, Riven, Public health. Administrative agencies. Section 61-01-12 provides that the fouling of public waters by depositing gas tars or other refuse from any gas house into streams, rivers or sewers that empty into public waters is • misdemeanor. Section 61-01-13 provides the fouling of public waters with dead animals, offal, or other refuse by depositing same on the banks or in any lake or stream within the jurisdiction of the state is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of from $20 to $|00. Section 61-01-14 provides that section 61- 01-13 shall be construed to Include: (1) privies and privy vaults; (2) any stable, shed, pen. yard, or cor- ral where farm animals are located within sixty feet of the top of any lake or stream; and (3) any slaughterhouse, graveyard or cemetery within eighty feet of these waters. However. In an emer- gency, these provisions do not prevent any mu- nicipality from dumping untreated sewage into these waters provided they are not determined detrimental to public health. (Rees-Florida) 1061 - Bl, F2 RULES FOR CONFINED FEEDING OPERA- TIONS WASTE WATER DISPOSAL. Iowa Water Pollution Control Commission, DCS Moines. 1969.3 p. Descriptors: 'Iowa, 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, •Confinement pens, 'Water pollution sources. Cattle, Treatment facilities, Water pollution. Waste disposal, Waste water treatment, Water pollution control. Regulation, Permits, State governments. Administrative agencies. Legislation, Legal aspects. Poultry, Organic wastes, Adoption of prac- tices. Waste water disposal. Confined feeding operations for livestock and poultry in which potential pollution may exist and be subject to regulation are defined as a cattle feedlot or several cattle enclosures on a single pro- perty containing at least one hundred cattle and an animal population of greater than one animal for each six hundred square feet. Registration of the operation is required where one or more of the fol- lowing conditions exist: (I) the number of cattle confined exceeds a thousand head, (2) the feedlot contributes to a watercourse draining a specified acreage of land above the lot, and (3) the runoff water from a feedlot flows into a buried conduit or well. Persons engaged in or intending to initiate livestock operations shall register such operation with the Water Pollution Control Commission. If the State Department of Health determines that an operation does not constitute a water pollution problem, provisions for control facilities will not be required. If an operation is polluting state waters, the operator shall obtain a permit for waste water disposal and shall provide necessary water pollu- tion control facilities. Requirements for such facili- ties are specified. Such facilities shall be operated so as to prevent water pollution. (Shelnut-Florida) 1062 - E3 CONTINUED RECYCLING OF CAT- TLE MANURE, University of California, Davij. C. L. FemaU, and W. A Oarrett. 320 image: ------- Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, Vol. 24, p. 415-419. 1973, 5 tab,, S ref. Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Farm wastes, "Recycling, Nitrogen, Calcium, Nutrient Requirements;, •Waste disposal, California. Identifiers: 'Ration, Digestion stalls. Forced air ovens. Digestibility. Four Hereford steers were confined in diges- tion stalls and fed the basal ration at a main- tenance level. Their manure and urine were recycled in forced air ovens at 100°C. for 48 hours. The recycled wastes were mixed, digested, then recycled again. It was found that the less digestible components of the feces Increased while digestible components decreased substan- tially during each recycling. Less energy was digested in subsequent refeeding. Mineral and nitrogen content increased with each recycling, resulting in the only significant nutritional value of manure after recycling. .K.Mg,Ca, Na. Si, Mn, Fe. Cu. Zn. Al, Sr, and Mo). In the tissue analysis P, Na, Fe and Al increased while Mg content decreased with increasing applications of effluent. After 4 years of anaero- bic lagoon effluent applications the electrical conductivity of the soil showed little change, (Frantz - East Central). 1066 — A3, C2, C3, C4, C5 WATER POLLUTION BY SWINE PRO- DUCTION OPERATIONS, University of Missouri, Columbia, Department of Agricultural Engineering. J. Bobbins. PH. D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Department of Biological and Agricultural En- gineering, 1970, 440 p., 48 tab,, 51 fig., 57 ref, Discriptors: 'Effluent, 'Waste disposal, Hydro- graphs, 'Hogs, North Carolina, Nutrients. La- goon:,. Soils. Runoff, Influent, Bacteria, Surface waters, 'Water pollution, Drainage, Streams, •Farm wastes. Hydrologlc systems. Sampling, Biochemical exygen demand, Nitrogen, Phos- phates, Biodegradatton. Identifiers: 'Organic carbon. Seven swine production operations, three using lagoons, one direct discharge, two land disposal, and one control watershed were studied to de- termine the extent of effluent contribution to stream pollution. Data were collected to deter- mine the effluent strength to be discharged into streams. An analysis was made for more than 1000 effluent and stream samples. An or- ganic carbon analysis was successful In deter- mining strengths of wastes and waste waters. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/total organic carbon (TOC) ratio provided an indi- cation of the ease of biodegradation and/or the degree of stabilization. It was found that anaerobic lagoons are not satisfactory as the sole means of treating hog wastes. Direct dis- charge of wastes Into water creates gross pol- lution and should be prohibited. Land disposal was found to be the superior method for pro- tecting water quality, Slope, degree of erosion, and drainage patterns are the important factors in determining the quality of streams draining agricultural basins. (Frantz-East Central). 1067 — A5, Bl, E2 ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL WASTE STOR- AGE AND LAND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, PH D* Dissertation, Ohio State University, De- partment of Agricultural Engineering, 1969, 101 p., 25 tab., 17 fig.. 23 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Odor, 'Waste dis- posal, 'Waste storage.'Air pollution, Livestock, Feed lots. Fertilizers, Nutrients, Nitrates, Ef- fluent, Diffusion. Identifiers: 'Scheduling model. Systems which interact with storage and land disposal of farm wastes were analyzed and relevant interfaces and variables were identified. A mathematical model describing storage of wastes and their timely disposal on agriculture land was developed and tested. Odor nuisance potential of farm wastes spread on land was also dellnlated. A scheduling model was de- veloped. It could be an effective tool in the design and operation of waste storage and land disposal systems. The model takes into account all important system variables. The waste stor- age facility was the most significant investment, based on results of the scheduling study. Nu- trient effectiveness as a function and land availability were significant. The pattern of the latter was a critical factor in determining mini- mum storage capacity. (Frantz - East Central). 1068 — Bl. D2, D3, E3 NEW FEEDLOT CONCEPT USES CON- VERTED MANURE AS FEED, T. ZurowsU. Feedlot Management, Vol. 15, No. 8,, p. 26, Aug., 1973, 1 fig. Descriptors: 'Recycling, 'Farm wastes, 'Cattle, 'Feed lots, 'Nutrients, 'Feeds. Economics, Bac- teria. Identifiers: 'Refeeding,, Cowmel, Farm Ecol- ogy Company. Food and Drug Administration, •Cowdominium. A Washington operation. Farm Ecology, has made plans for a cowdominium. This is a feed storage and a waste conversion plant. There the wastes are subjected to heat, pressure and either acidic or alkaline chemicals. The recy- cled product, Cowmel, Is a highly nutritious and finely ground pellet. Economic feasibility and FDA approval Is presently uncertain. (Frantz - East Central). MANURING OF POTATOES ON FEN SILT SOILS IN HOLLAND, LINCOLN- Agricultural Development an dAdvisory Ser'vice, ~ JoJn'al^Agricultural Science. Vol. 80, p. M9- 281, April, 1973, 12 tab.. 1 fig.. 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Silts, •Fertilizers, •Potatoes, Nitro- gen, Phosphorus, Potassium. 'England, •Nu- trients, Drainage, -Farm wastes, 'Waste dis- posal, Soil profiles. Identifiers: Tuber blackening. Eighteen potato manurial experiments were con- ducted on silt soils in England between 1953 and 19«3. The mean response to nitrogen in these soils was much larger than in most Eng- lish soils, but responses were varied from site to site. The nitrogen was effective in increasing tuber size and yield of ware; Phosphorus In- creased tuber numbers and decreased ware per- centage, Because of the heavy potassium con- tent of the soils tested, responses to the potas- sium were slight. Cooking tests showed little ef- fect of manurial treatment on the amount or degree of tuber blackening. The recommended fertilizer nutrient requirements for light and medium silt soils are N— 200 kg/ha, P20S— 130 ka/ha, and K»0— 190 kg ha. The same nu- trient recommendations for the heavy silt soils were 200 kg-ha. 310 kg-ha, and 100 kg-ha respec- tively. CFrantz • East Central). 1070 — D4, E3 PERIODICITY OF THE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANURE-DISPOSAL LAGOONS, Agricultural Engineering Research Division. Ag- ricultural Research Service. U. S. Department of Agriculture; National Bontanlc Gardens, Lucknow, India, respectively. H. J. Eby, and V. P. Singh. Government Printing Office No. 0100-1575. Wash- ington. D. C.. April, 1972. 8 p.. 2 tab,, 2 fig. Descriptors: 'Recycling. Nutrients, 'Waste water, •Lagoons, 'Algae, Bacteria, 'Sewage, Oxidation, Climatic zones. Proteins, Farm wastes. 321 image: ------- Identifier!: 'India Waste disposal lagoons. Sea- tonal growth. Reiearch was done to provide a starting point for expanding feed production and aiding In the biological purification of waste water. Research In India reveals that blue-green algae has *elf- limittng tendencies and may be used advant- ageously. Since growth periods In the spedes vary, scientists might possibly anticipate each specie'* population peaks thereby controlling algae growth. Harvesting of algae serve* two purpose*! (1) to remove organic matter from becoming a pollutant, and (2) to serve as po- tential livestock and poultry feed. (Frantz • East Ceatral). 1071 — B2, C5, D4 A COMPARISON OF THREE SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT AND TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE Agricultural Engineering Department. Amu, Iowa; Agricultural Engineering Department. Cor- vallls. Oregon. H. L. Person. J. R. Miner, T, E. Hazen, and A. R. Mann. Presented at the 1972 Annual Meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Spring*, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No. 72-439, 30 p. 2 tab., 8 fig., 6 ret. Descriptors: 'Hogi, "Waste treatment, 'Farm wastes. Feed lots. Iowa, 'Aerated lagoons, 'Oxi- dation lagoons, 'Effluent, Nutrient*, Bacteria. Fungi. Slime. Odor, Pumping, Maintenance, Water quality. Identifiers: 'Waste transport. 'Wast* manage- ment systems. Rotating biological contractor. Flushing gutter. Hydraulic cleaning. Four engineers have demonstrated and evaluated three systems for hydraulic transportation and disposal of manure. The aeration basin, lagoon aeration basin, and rotating biological contractor systems all successfully used treated effluent as a cleaning medium In swine farrowing and finishing buildings. Aeration basins treated liquid manure. Pumping was done economically and execs* water proved virtually odorless. The process didn't add significantly to either water pollution or animal health problems. System* and equipment are described In detail. (Frants • Bast Central). 1072 — C5, E2 HUMAN AND ANIMAL WASTES AS FERTILIZERS Tilt Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago! Unlverrtty of Nebraska, Lincoln) Uni- versity of Missouri Columbia, respectively. J. R. Peterson, T. H. McCaUa, and O. E, Smith. Fertilizer Technology and Uss, 2nd edition, Soil Science Society of America, p. U7-5M, 1971, 27 tab., 8 fig., 42 rat, Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Sewage, 'Waste disposal, Irrigation, Nitrates, Soil profile*, La- goons, Pathogenic bacteria, •FertUlxers. *Water pollution, 'Soil contamination. Odor, Leaching, Chemical properties. Physical properties Hlero- blal composition. Crops. Toxldty. Identifiers: 'Human wastes, Plant yields. Digest- ed sludge. Solid wait* from municipal wastewater treat- ment plant* In the United States 1* analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. If properly di- gested, the sludgs ha* little odor and la rela- tively free of pathogen*, The us* of digested sludgs to ameliorate ipoU* ha* been proven. Three year*' use of digested sludge on corn land ha* resulted in Increased grain yield* with no visual toxic symptom* to the plants. Quali- tative and quantitative studies were also made on animal wastes. Although most pathogens are generally destroyed In the holding of wait**, weed infestations may be a problem with the application of animal watt* to toll. Specific in- stances of waste utilisation for toll Improve- ment *re cited for various state*. (Wetherill - East Central). 1073 — C3, E2 NITRATE CONTENT OF PERCOLATES FROM MANURED LYSIMETERS University of Guelph. Ouelph. Ontario, Depart- ment of Land Resource Science. D. O. Blelby, M. H. Miller, and L. R. Webber, Journal of fioll and Water Conservation, Vol. 28. No. 3. p. 124-126, May-June, U73. 4 tab.. 3 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrate*, 'Firm wastes, •Lydmet- er*. 'Corn. Slurries, 'Waste disposal. Ground- water, Soil*. 'Poultry. Irrigation, Denitrifies- tlon, Ontario. Identifiers: •Percolate*. Ouelph sandy loam. The quantity and concentration of nitrates in percolates from lyslmeter* receiving liquid poul- try manure applications were determined over a 3-year period. Nitrogen removed by corn, plus that In percolates, accounted for let* than 28 percent of the amount appUed to the soil. Most nitrate* in the percolates were discharged from the lydmeteri after corn harvest. The average concentration of nitrates in percolates from all treatment* and for all yean exceeded 10 part* per million. (Blelby, Miller, ft Webber- University of Ouelph). 1074 — BL C5 SHRINKING CATTLE FOR RELIEF FROM HEAT STRESS U.S. Department of Agriculture. Davis, Cali- fornia; Imperial Valley Field Station, El Cen- tra, California, Department of Animal Science. 8. R. Morrison, R. L. Olvens. and O. P. Lot Presented at the 1972 Annual Meeting. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Hot Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972. 12 p., 5 tab., 1 fig. Descriptor!: 'Cattle, 'Sprinkling, Feed lots, Air conditioning. Temperature. Performance, Califor- nia. Identifier*: 'Heat stress, Respiratory rat*. Sprinkling cattle under shade* during the sum- mer in the Imperial Valley of California for one minute every 30 minute* when the tempera- ture was above (O'F resulted In significantly higher feed consumption and rate of gain, com- pared with cattle under shades and not sprink- led. Efficiency of feed conversion, although favoring the sprinkling operation, was not sig- nificantly improved over1 that of uncooled cat- tie. Sprinkling was a* effective as a refriger- ated air conditioned bam, at 7S'F In one trial and more effective during a second trial. Sprink- ling and refrigeration promoted greater oom- fort as indicated by the prevention of Increases in respiratory rate and body temperature ob- served In the afternoon with control cattle. Both noneooled and cooled cattle consumed more feed and gained more weight with 40 feet per head of space than with 20 feet. (Morrison, Given*, * Lofgreen—U.S. Department of Agricul- ture * Imperial Valley Field nation). 1075 — Bl, C5 THE EFFECT OF RATION ON EN- GINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEEF CATTLE MANURE, Agricultural Engineer*. Chief Solid Waste Dl- vu5n7 IjncolnTNehrajka Department of En- virenmental Contrail Agricultural Beiearch Bar- viceTUiuVeriUy of Nebraaka. Lincoln. U.S. De- partment of Agriculture. OA Frock*, and C. B. ffllbertson. Pwiinted at thi «th Annual Meeting, Amer- STSiclety of Agricultural Engineer., Unlyer- Hty of Kentucky, Lexington. June 1740. 1973, Paper No. 73-441, 24 p.. < tab.. 8 fig,, 20 ref. Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Farm watte*. Kentucky, •Feed*; •Digestion. Volatility, Shrinkage. Poro- •UyTchemlcal properties. Physical Properties, Volumetric analytuT Stave analysis, Density, •Waste treatment. ***** storag*. SoUde, Mota- tare content. Chemical oxygen demand, •Engin- * ! Identifiers: 'Ration. Drying rate*. Beef cattle were fed a high concentrate ration (HCR) and a high roughage ration (HRR) for five days. Samples of feces and urine were collected and analyzed to assist in the engin- eering design of material* handling and ^pro- petting equipment and storage facilities. The total, volatile, and fixed solids content was not affected by the ration. Of the HCR waste*. 20% was retained on a 2mm. sieve as compared to 2% for the HRR wastes. Volume change from original moisture content* to dry solids was 89% for the HCR and 7.4% for the HRRfecet Due to it* more porous structure the HRR fece* dried at twice the rate of tbV (Frante - East Central). 1076 — C4, D2, E3 HIGH-TEMPERATURE, HIGH PRES- SURE EXTRUSION OF CHICKEN EX- CRETA, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Department of Agricultural Engineering) Department of Ani- mal Sciences, respectively. F. A. Payne. I. J, Ross. H. E. Hamilton, and. J. D. Fox. Presented at the Annual Meeting, American So- ciety of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs. Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972. Paper No. 72-490. 22 p., 1 tab.. 8 fig., 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm waste*, 'Poultry, 'Wast* treatment, 'Recycling, Temperature, 'Pressure, Moisture content. Identifiers: 'Extrusion, Thermal destruction. Uric add. Chemical change*. Physical changes. Sterilization, Flash vernalization. MlcroUal or- ganism*. Chicken excreta and an excreta-feed mixture were extruded at a temperature range of 280* 300'F. for period* of 8.6 to 21.4 seconds. Pres- sures of 300 to 600 psl were utilized with the Ugh temperature* to aid in mlcrobial destruc- tion. An analyst* Includes chemical and physical change* In the extruded material, Also given Is an equation which can be used to predict mi- croMal destruction. Whin extruded, chicken ma- nure (which normally contain* disease organ- Urn*) may become a versatile, low-cost, and highly productive food material. CFranti • East Central). 1077 — A2, A4, E2 SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER FEED LOTS AND ON LAND TREATED WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL WASTES, Southwestern Great Plain* Reiearch Center, Buahland, Tex**, U. S. Department of Agricul- ture. B. A. Stewart and, A. C. Mather*. Contribution from Soil and Water Conservation Reiearch Division, Agricultural Research Ser vice, U.S. Department of Agriculture in coop- tration with the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texai A Jr M University, 3 p., 1 tab.. 2 fig.. 8 ref. Deccriptort! Teed lots, 'Farm wastes, 'Water pollution, 'Soil contamination. Cattle, 'Nitrate*. 'Pollutant*, Soil profiles, 'Waste disposal. Water, Salt. Leaching, Identifiers: 'Soli condition*, Cropland*, Nitrate and other pollutants often accumulate In soil profile* under large feedtoU. Water move- ment through these profiles, however, is usually very slow or doe* not occur, especially In the more arid areas. A greater pollution hazard results from spreading large amount* of ani- mal watte* on cropland for the purpose of waste disposal rather than for Improving soil conditions or crop growth and quality. A recent study abowtd that substantial quantities of nitrate accumulated when manure we* applied to land at rate* of 30 tons/acre or greater. Salt accumulation was also high enough to cause some Injury to plant growth. Leaching can reduce the salt concentration, but may increase nitrate pollution of the drainage water. Indica- tion* are that pollution hazard* are eliminated only when the growing crop utilizes most of the applied nitrogen. When the rate of manure 322 image: ------- application Is too high, nitrate will accumulate In the soil and in some crops or wUl move through the soil with percolating water. (Stewart, Mathers—U. S. Department of Agriculture). 1078 — C3, C5 EXCRETION STUDIES IN SWINE FED ARSANILIC ACID, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois, Nu- trition Research Department. L R. Overby and, D. V. Frost. Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 19, No, 1, p. 140-144. January, 1960, 2 tab.. 9 ref. Descriptors: •Arsenic, 'Farm wastes, 'Swine, •Diets, "Feeding, Poultry. Identifiers: 'Arsanillc add. The rates o! arsenic excretion were determined in the feces and urine of swine receiving ar- sanllic add at 30, 60 and 90 gm. per ton of feed Much more arsenic was excreted in the feces than in the urine. After 10 days of ar- sanilic acid feeding, total excretion was In ap- proximate balance with intake at the two lower levels of feeding. After the arsenical was with- drawn from the ration, the characteristic excre- tion level continued for two days, then de- creased rapidly. This conforms with knowledge of the rate of disappearance of arsenic from tissues of animals fed arsanllic add. The na- ture of the major part of the arsenical excreted was not determined. Unchanged arsanllic add was not detected in the urine, but was present in the feces in an amount representing about We of ths amnlilc add consumed. (Overby It Frost—Abbott Laboratories). 1079 — Cl, E3 UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT LEV- ELS OF POULTRY LITTER NITRO- GEN BY SHEEP, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, De- partments ol Biochemistry and Nutrition and Animal Science. A N Bhattacharya, and J. P, Fontenot. journal ol Animal Science, Vol. 24, p. 1174-im. 1M5, 4 tab., M ref. Descriptors: 'Sheep, 'Nitrogen, Fertilizers. 'Pro- tein, 'Feed., Farm wastes. Nutrition. •Chemi- cal properties. Samples. 'Metabolism, •Recycling. Identifiers i 'Digestibility. •Nitrogen retenUon. •Poultry Utter, Peanut hulls. Crude protein. Soy- bean protein. A terlet ol three metabolism trill* were con- ducted with eight yearling wtthers to study the utuSstlon ol the nitrogen in auto-cUved peanut- hull broiler Utter, containing 22.«% crude pro- tein (dry bull). Poultry Utter nitrogen replaced approximately 25, » and 100% o« the nitrogen if a purified ration containing isolated soybean ?rowin^« the nitrogen source. Apparent dlgestl- Siitv ol crude protsln In the rations decreased sScanUy with each increase In litter nitrogen Xvel above 23%. However, the depression was .mail when litter supplied 50% ol the nitrogen, When Utter supplied 25 and 50% ol the nitrogen. ^.-tiblllty ol Utter crude protein calculated ?vg^fcrwce was «7 and W*. respectively. Scared wUh 717. when only soybean protein 22 wd. Nltrogsn retention, expressed as STUBS MP« day. percent ol nitrogen Intake or Sercent ol absorbed nitrogen, was significantly Sier at the 100% Utter nitrogen level than when no Utter was used. There were no cop. 2J£mt differences in ammonia and non protein Tcontent of rumen Olid and n concentt* Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, Water, 'Farm wastes, Groundwater. PubUc health. Fixation, 'Nitrogen cyde, 'Water pollution. Air pollution. Soil Con- tamination. Fertilizers, Proteins, Rocks, Leach- ing, Precipitation, Atmosphere, Ammonia, Aero- sols, Water quality. Geochemistry. Nitrogen compounds in natural water are signi- ficant in pubUc health, agriculture, Industry and geochemistry. The many sources of nitro- gen compounds and the deep involvement of nitrogen in the life processes of organisms makes the study of such compounds difficult. The sources Include natural aerosols, predpitation, fixation by micro-organisms In soil and water, decaying organic matter, and animal and in- dustrial wastes, as well as probably undiscov- ered sources in consolidated and unconsolidated rocks. Nitrogen compounds are both oxidized and reduced by organisms, Some nitrogen com- pounds are absorbed on clay. The theoretical end product In water and the compound prob- ably most often determined Is NOs-1. The con- centration of nitrogen compounds ranges from 0.0 to > 100 ppm. (parts per million) In surface water and from 0.0 to > 1000 ppm. In ground- water. Seasonal fluctuations occur. Much fur- ther research Is needed. Including Improvements In methods of analysis, further Investigation of sources, and detailed study of the nitrogen cycle In small drainage basins. (Feth—U. S. Geological Survey). and Fontenot - Virginia Poly- 1080 — A3, F4 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN NATUR- AL WATER-A REVIEW, U. S. Geogoglcal Survey. Menlo Park, California. j. H. Fetn. Water Resources Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 41- M. lit Quarter, UM. 9 tab., 1 fig.. 67 re*. 1081 — D3, E3 CONVERTING ORGANIC WASTES TO OIL, Pittsburgh Energy Research Center. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. H. R. AppeU, Y. C. Fu. S. Friedman, P. M, Yavonky. and I. Wender. Bureau of Mines Report of Investlgatlon/Wl, RI 7S«0, U. S. Department ol Interior, 1971, 20 p.. 10 tab.. 3 fig. Descriptors: •Recycling, 'Sewage sludge, 'Farm wastes, Agricultural wastes. Wood, Ugnlna, Wa- ter. Temperature, Catalysts, Solvents, 'Conver- sion. -Oil, 'Solid wastes. Identifiers: 'Low-sulfur oil, refute. Carbon mono- xide. 'Liquid fuels, "Waste products, "Continu- ous reactor. Sucrose. The Bureau of Mines I* experimentally convert' ing cellulose, the chief constituent of solid waste. to a low-sulfur oil, All types of celluloslc wastes. including urban refuse, agricultural wastes, sew- age, sludge, wood, llgnln, and bovine manure, have been converted to oil by reaction with car- bon monoxide and water at temperatures ol ISO' to 400* C and pressures near 4,000 pslg, and In the presence of various catalysts and solvents. Cellulose conversions of M percent and better (corresponding to oil yields of 40 to 50 percent) have been obtained. A continuous reactor for use •t maximum conditions up to 500' C and 5,000 pstg has been operated successfully. Using suc- rose u a feedstock, operation In this system hat permitted a simplified and preliminary chemical study of the conversion process, Oil yields of over 30 percent have been obtained with this unit. (AppeU, Fu, Friedman. Yavonky, It Vender • Pittsburgh Energy Research Cen- ter). 1082 — D2, E3 COSTS FOR LARGE SCALE CONTIN- UOUS PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES, Texas Tech University. Lubbock, Department of Chemical Engineering. H. W. Parker. C. J. Albus, ft., and O. L. Smith. Presented at the 74th National Meeting, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New Orleans, March U, 1973, Paper 43 b-rv, 4 tab., 5 fig., 17 ref. Descriptors: 'Solid wattes. 'Costs, Cattle, Feed- lots, 'Watte disposal, 'Recycling, 'Electricity. •Farm wastes. Oases. Fuel*, Fertilizers, 'By- products, 'Sodium chloride. Identifiers: 'Pyrolysls, Municipal wastes, •Re- tort, Char. 'Pollution abatement. Conceptual process designs which utilize the re- cently developed TTU retort to pyrolyse 2,000 tons per day of either munldpal solid waste or cattle fecdlot waste are reported. The major product of these processes Is the production of 30 megawatts of electiidty. A governmental entity which could finance the required 15 mil- lion dollar Investment with e per cent bonds over a 20 year period would have to charge users $1,70 per ton of munldpal refuse pro- cessed or $0.70 per ton of feedlot watte pyrol- yzed. (Parker. Albus, Smith - Texas Tech Uni- versity). 1083 — D2 CONTINUOUS SOLID WASTE—FEASI- BILITY STUDY, Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Con- tract Research Department and Texas Tech Uni- versity, Lubbock, Department of Chemical En- gineering. J. R. Massle, Jr.. and H. W. Parker. Paper presented to the 74th National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New Orleans. March 12-15. 1973; Paper No. 43a, 31 p.. 12 fig.. 6 ret. Descriptors; -Cattle, 'Farm wastes, 'Waste_dls- posal. Recycling. 'Solid wastes. Oxidation. Tem- perature. Energy. By-products, Economics, Tex- as, Air pollution. Water pollution. Drying. Identifiers: Pyrolysls, •Continuous retort,. Munl- dpal refuse. Agricultural crop wastes. Char products, Fuel. Continuous pyrolysis of a soUd watte, cattle manure containing 30% moisture, was demon- strated in a six inch diameter retort at a mass flow rate of 136 Ib/hr ft,. The retort wasan open cyUnder with * grate at the bottom. Cyclic injection of oxygen containing and oxygen iree gu served to limit the heated n>ne of the re- tort to its mldsectlon, which contained no me- chanical parts. Maximum temperatures in the hot rone were controlled by n^xm* oxM8" free gat with the Injected air. This retort may also be used for munldpal refuse, •aTtailtural crop waste, or natural resources •»<*» °u.J*Sv and coal. When Integrated Into a P»<*» •"•'£ and by-products can be recovered from tne retort as justified by economics, also air and "ater SbUutton problem, can be easily con- trolled. (Massle. Parker • Dow Chemical Corn- may). CONVERSION O'F URBAN REFUSE TO on* Pittsburgh Energy Research Center. Bureau ol Mines. Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania. C^ratt ^"SafuS1 S- MSau of SSnestoUd Waste Program, Technical Proms. Report-25. U.S. Department of Interior. May, UTO, 5 p.. 3 tab. Descriptors: 'Recycling, Temperature, 'Sewage aludge, 'Oil. Water. Oat, Steam, Sulfur, Organic a Identifiers! 'Processing, Furnace, 'Fuels, 'Urban rsfuae, 'Celluloslc wastes, Carbon Monoxide. Urban refuse, celluloslc wastes, and sewage sludge have been converted to heavy oil by heating under pressure with carbon monoxide and steam, Conversion of the organic mat- ter to oil, water, and gas have averaged near M percent at temperatures of 150' to 400' C and pressures of UOO to 5,000 pel. The yield of oil. based on the dry organic mat- ter of the watte materials, la usually near 40 percent. Tut la the equivalent o! more wan 2 barrel* of oil per ton of dry, ash-free watte material. The oil from urban refute and cell* loslc wattes bat a sulfur content near 0.1 per- cent. Tula low tullur content makat the oil from refute a desirable source of fuel oil. (Ap- peU. Wander. Miller • Pittsburgh Energy Re- search Center). 1085 — A2, Bl, Cl, D2 CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL 323 image: ------- RUNOFF FROM A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT, Environmental Protection Agency Robert 8. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Oklahoma. R. D. Kreis, M. H. Scalf, and J. McNabb. Environmental Protection Agency report number EPA-R2-72-O61, September. 1972, 43 p., 10 tab., 2 lit., 26 ref. Descriptors: 'Cattle, 'Confinement pans. 'Rain fall-Runoff relationships, 'Pollutants, Farm wastes. Nutrients. Bio-chemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. Conforms, Strepto- coccus. Identifiers: 'Feedlot, 'Manure wastes, 'Waste* characteristics. Solids, Total organic carbon. Rainfall runoff from a 12,000-head capacity commercial beef cattle feedlot was characterized and a treatment-disposal system used by the feedlot was evaluated, Fifty percent of the rain- fall events produced measurable runoff from the feedpens. A four-to ten-Inch manure mantle of the feedpen surface was found to prevent run- off from 0.2— to 0.3-lnch rainfalls depending on Intensity and antecedent moisture conditions. The total runoff from the feedpens was equivalent to 39 percent of the total rainfall during the study period. Direct runoff from the feedpens contained pollutant concentrations In the form of oxygen demand, solids, and nutrients that were generally an order of magnitude greater than concentrations typical of untreated municipal sewage. Dilution from direct rainfall and a few days of sedimentation In the runoff collection pond* reduced the concentrations of the pollu- tants up to M percent. The total weight of solids and oxygen demanding materials was reduced by about one-half, but the total weight of nu- trient* was not significantly reduced. The re- mainder of the treatment disposal system pro- duced no appreciable improvement in the quality of the waste water. Final discharges still con- tained pollutant concentrations two to three times those of untreated municipal sewage. (Kreis, Scalf, McNabb - Environmental Protection Agency). 1086 — E3 THE EFFECT OF FEEDING LAYING HENS VARIOUS LEVELS OF COW MANURE ON THE PIGMENTATION OF EGG YOLKS, A.R.S. Animal Science Research Division, Poul- try Research Laboratory. Georgetown, Delaware, U. S. Department of Agriculture. L, H. Llttlefleld, J. K. Bletner. and 0. E. Goff. Poultry Science. Vol. 92, No. 1, p. 179-181, Jan- uary, 1973. 3 tab., 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Recycling, Cattle, 'Farm wastes. Poultry, 'Diets. Identifiers: 'Blood xanthophyll levels, 'Yolk pig- mentations. Blood. Dried cow manure was added at the rate of 0, 2.5, S, or 10 kilograms per 100 kilograms of diets containing 0 and 23 milligrams of xanthophylls per kilogram of diet to determine the effect on blood xanthophyll level* and the pigmentation of yolks produced by hens on these diets. There was a high positive linear correlation between the amount of cow manure added and the amount of xanthophyll in the blood, the amount of xanthopybll in the egg yolk and the yolk visual score. There was a high negative linear correlation between pig- raenUng efficiency and the amount of cow manure added to the diet. Although cow ma- nure was a good source of xanthophylls, it was not efficiently utilized by the hen as a source of xanthophylls. (UttleCeld. Bletner. Goff - U.S. Department of Agriculture). 1087 — A(5, C3 ENRICHMENT OF THE ATMOS- PHERE WITH NITROGEN COM- POUND VOLATILIZED FROM A LARGE DAIRY AREA, Soil scientists, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Staff Research Associate, University of Cali- fornia, Riverside, R. E. Leubs, K. R. Davis, and A. E. Laag. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 137-141, January-March, 1973, 3 tab., 3 fig., 18 ref. Descriptors: 'Dairy industry, 'Cattle, 'Nitrogen, Ammoiia, «Air pollution. Feed lots, 'Water pol- lution, Toxicity, 'Farm wastes. Sampling, Tem- perature, Humidity, Winds, Rainfall, Identifiers: 'Distilled nitrogen, NondistlUable ni- trogen, Atmospheric NH3, Enrichment. A dairy cow population of 143,000 in an area of ISO KM2 enriched the atmosphere with distill- able N (mostly NH3) over an area in excess of 560 KM2, over an area of 35 KM2, where cow population density was approximately 1,600 cows KMs, the concentration of distillable N in the atmosphere was between 20 and 30 times greater than at a control site outside the dairy area. Highest concentrations of N were associated with wet corral surfaces and favorable evaporative conditions. Approximately 20% of the total N ab- sorbed by acid-surface traps in the dairy area was nondistillable N while filtered air samples contained 5% or less. Rainfall delivered three Umes as much N to the land surface inside than outside the dairy area.. (Luebs, Davis, Laag-U.S. Department of Agriculture and Uni- versity of California). 1088 — C5 OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN INTAKE AND STAGE OF GESTATION ON THE PROPORTION OF URINARY NITROGEN EXCRETED AS UREA IN SHEEP, Rowett Research Institute, Bncksburn, Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. J. J. Robinson. D. Scott, and C. Fraser. The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 80, No. 3. p. 363-368. June. 1973, 3 tab,. 4 fig., 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Sheep, Diets, Energy. Identifiers: 'Protein intake, 'Gestation, •Urin- ary nitrogen. Nitrogen retention. The effect of altering the level of protein intake on urea excretion in ewes was assessed in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1. 14 pregnant (during the last 20 days of gesta- tion) and 10 non-pregnant ewes were each of- fered a different level of digested N Intake in the range 5-25 g/day. At all levels of protein intake urea N excretion was lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant ewes. In Experiment 2, 21 pregnant ewe lambs were each offered one of three diets supplying mean intakes of 83 (T, 1), 113 (T 2) or 147 (T 3) g crude protein/day. During the last 100 days of gestation the mean levels of urea N excretion were 6.9, 11.0 and 15.2 g/:day for T 1, T 2 and T 3, respectively. The corresponding values for urinary N excre- tion were 9.3, 13.8 and 18.2 g/day. At all levels of protein intake urea N excretion was lower just prior to parturition than 95 days prepar- turn; the difference was correlated with lamb birth weight and maternal body-weight change. A notable feature of both experiments was the low level of urea N excretion by the pregnant ewes in late gestation, at low protein intakes. It would appear that when energy Intake is adequate the decrease in urea N excretion as- sociated with pregnancy is a direct result of an increased N requirement for maternal and/or foetal growth, (Robinson, Scott, and Fraser • Rowett Research Institute). 1089 — D4, E3 A RECYCLED FEED SOURCE FROM AEROBICALLY PROCESSED SWINE WASTES, University of Illlnos, Urbana, Agricultural En- gineering Department and Animal Science De- partment, respectively. D. L. Day, B. G. Harmon. Presented at 1972 Winter Meeting. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illi- nois, December 11-15, 1972. Paper No. 72-854. 10 p., 7 tab., S fig., 21 ref. Descriptors: 'Recycling, 'Feeds, 'Swine, 'Farm wastes. Aerobic conditions. Water, Nutrients, •Oxidation lagoons, Proteins. Identifiers: Odor control, Rats, 'Waste manage- ment. An intriguing amount of protein was noticed in swine oxidation ditch mixed liquor at the University of Illinois in 1967. Studies have been in progress since then to measure the nutritive value of the aerobically processed product and use it as a feed supplement in feeding trials to rats and hogs. Several methods of concentrat- ing and feeding the product have been tried. Utilizing this product provides a source of water and nutrients for swine while minimizing envi- ronmental pollutants (air, water, soil) There is odor control and little if any effluent from the building. The results have been very fav- orable and economics appear competitive with outer methods of waste management with a high degree of pollution control, (Day, Harmon - University of Illinois). 1090 — A7, A8, C5 COUMAPHOS AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF HOUSE FLY LARVAE IN COW MANURE, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Mary- land and Tlfton, Georgia, U. S. Department of Agriculture. R. W. Miller, C. H. Gordon, N. O, Morgan, M. C, Bowman, and M. Beroza. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 63, No 3, p. 853-855, June, 1970, 3 tab., 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Feeds, 'Additives, 'Cattle, 'Farm wastes. Dairy industry, 'Mortality, Milk. 'In- secticides, Larvae. Identifiers: 'Coumaphos, 'House flies, Musca domestic L. The mortality of first-stage larvae of the house fly, Musca domesHca L., seeded into the manure of dairy cows consuming 0-144 ppm coumaphos in their ration increased as the concentration of coumaphos in the ration was increased. At the 144 ppm level, larval mortality approached 100%, Although coumaphos residues were found in the feces no residues L 0,002 ppm) ap- peared in the milk of cows at any level of coumaphos fed. Neither feed intake nor milk production was affected by the feeding of couma- phos. The blood cholinesterase of 1 cow fed 150 ppm coumaphos over a 6-week period dropped to 20% of pre-experimental levels. (Miller, Gordon, Morgan, Bowman, Beroza • U. S. Department of Agriculture). 1091 — A7, A8, B3, C5 TOXICITY OF DROPPINGS FROM COUMAPHOS-FED HENS TO LITTLE HOUSE FLY LARVAE, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. J. S. Eversole, J. H, Lilly, and F, R. Shaw. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 58, No. 4, p. 709-710, August, 1965, 1 tab,, 4 ret. Descriptors: 'Poultry, 'Farm wastes, 'Toxicity, •Insecticides, Massachusetts. Identifiers: Flies, Larval: mortality, Coumaphos oral drench powder, Fannia canicularis, white leghorn hens. White leghorn hens were fed mixtures of 50% coumaphos oral drench powder, and pelleted poultry feed. The Insecticide levels were 0, 25, 75, and 125 mg of active ingredient per kg ol feed. The mean mortalities of larvae of Fannia canicularis (L.) exposed to the droppings from these birds were 7.3, 18.O, 42.5, and 91.07r, respectively. Therefore coumaphos provided an effective degree of control when fed at the 125 mg/Kg level. By a comparison of the concen- trations of coumaphos required to produce ap- proximately 90% mortality of the fly larvae In this field test with the results of our laboratory tests, it was estimated that approximately a 70-fold decrease in effectiveness occurred during passage of the insecticide through the birds. (Eversole,"Lilly, & Shaw - University of Massa- chusetts). 324 image: ------- 1092 — A8, C5 EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURIENG- SIS IN CATTLE MANURE ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE, Animal Science Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland; Ento- mology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service. Beltsville,. Maryland. R. W. Miller, L. G. Pickens, and C. H. Gordon. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 24, No. 4, p. 902-903, August. 1971. 2 tab., 11 ref. Descriptors; 'Cattle, 'Farm wastes. Larvae, •Mortality. Additives, Feeds, Poultry. Identifiers: "Fly control. Bacillus thuringtensis Berliner. 'Musca domesUca L., Biotrol BTB-183. • A commercial formulation of Bacillus Hwrlngien- 'J«li. BarUner. Blpttol BT8 183-25 W, was fed to dairy wattle in*-an attempt to control house fly. ,.Mosci • domestic* L.. larvae in- the feces. A maximum larval mortality ol 32% was obtained when cows were (ed 3200 ppm of this formula- tion. In an In vitro experiment, complete control of bouse fly larvae wag obtained to a level of 12,800 ppm of feces, (Miller, Pickens, Gordon - Agricultural Research Service}. 1093 — C3, E3 DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE AS A CRUDE PROTEIN SUPPLE- MENT FOR SHEEP Biological Waste Management Laboratory, Belts- ville, Maryland, U, 8. Department of Agriculture. L. .W. Smith, C. C. Calvert, and J. R. Menear. Proceedings 1973 Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. Th? University of Mary- land. The American Feed Manufacturers Asso- ciation cooperating. March 15-16, 1973, p. 3M4, 15 tab., 1 fig.. 14 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Arsenic, 'Sheep. •Nitrogen, 'Feeds, Growth, Nutrition. Chemical properties, 'Recycling. Identifiers: 'Poultry manure supplemented diets. Feed additives. Digestibility, Soybean oU meal. Despite possible arsenical residues, dehydrated poultry-manure supplemented diets were consum- ed by sheep as readily as diets supplemented with soybean oil meal. Nitrogen from broiler manure supplemented diets was not significantly less digestible than SBOM nitrogen and was re- tained in the sheep equally well. The true di- gestibility of DPM-N was determined to be 81%. a value of similar magnitude determined by Others tor dry-mixed conventional feeds. Arsenic from different sources ingested by sheep was detected in all tissues assayed. Withdrawal of arsenic from feed results in a rapid decrease in tissue arsenic concentration. Significance of arsenic in poultry manure processed for rumin- ant CP supplements will depend on individual feeding regimes, .arsenic concentration in ma- nure and permissible levels established for lamb and mutton. (Smith, Calvert, and Menear - U.S. Department of Agriculture). 1094 — Fl, F3 AGRICULTURE AND POLLUTION SOCIO - ECONOMIC ASPECTS, University of Kentucky, Lexington, College of Agriculture. A. F. Bordeaux, Jr. Presented at the College of Agriculture Annual Conference. University of Kentucky, January 5-7, 1*71. P. 1-7. 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Economics, Sur- face waters, Technology, 'Fertilizers, Conservs. non. Insecticides, 'Farm wastes. Nitrates, Farm prices. Costs. 'Waste disposal. Water treatment, DDT, Regulation, Kentucky. Agriculture. As the interest in environmental protection height*"* in the United States, farmers are in- creasingly criticized as polluters of air and water. Costs of pollution must be met and farm- en, declining in political power, feel the most pressure. Alternative chemicals are available to replace the DDT family, but they are less ef- fective and more expensive, Providing for econo- mical environment protection requires the co- operative efforts of economists, engineers and scientists. (Frantz - East Central). 1095 — Al, F4 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICUL- TURE'S EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMEN- TAL QUALITY, University of Kentucky, Department of Ento- mology. H. W. Dorough. Presented at the College of Agriculture Annual Conference, University of Kentucky, January 5-7, 197L p. 8-13. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, Kentucky. Runoff, Farm wastes. Surface waters, "Insecticides, Taxi- city, Spijs, Dairy industry, Efoston, Fertilizers, Livestock, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, "Soil contamination, Sedimentation. Identifiers: 'Tobacco Industry, 'Environmental quality. Agriculture depends upon maintaining a quality environment. But, it may have various detri- mental effects on that environment. The En- vironmental Quality Task Force in the Unlver- "7 ,.,?*.. Kentu<*y College of Agriculture was established to evaluate the following problems: pesticides, sediment, farm wastes and fertilizers Concentrated pesticide use contaminates surface water, air and especially soil, Erosion and sedi- mentation aid In the transportation of pollution in streams. The phosphorus and nitrogen from farm wastes and certain nutrients from fertiliz- ers are major sources of water pollution. Evalua- tion of the general use of pesticide containing. turn problem In Kentucky indicates cause for concern, but the situation Is not yet critical CFrantz • East Central). 1096 — Dl, El, F4 ENGINEERING A G RI CULTURAL WASTES, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Agricultural Engineering Department. B. 1. Barfield, H. E. Hamilton, and 1. J. Ross. Presented at the College of Agriculture Annual Conference, University of Kentucky, January $-7, 1971, p. 8-13. Descriptors: 'Dehydration, Land use. Proteins. Erosion. Technology, 'Waste disposal. Lagoons, Kentucky, Insecticides, Odor, Livestock, Oxida- tion lagoons. 'Farm wastes, 'Air pollution, •Water pollution, "Soil contamination. Identifiers: Composting, Microbial disposal. The extension of dues into farming areas, de- mands for more uniform quality products, in- creased farm production and increasing de- mands for processed foods are among recent trends causing problems for agricultural waste management. Soil erosion accounts for approxi- mately 88% and livestock wastes for 11% of all agricultural pollution. But the amount of livestock waste that must be handled by mass management methods is expected to double by 1980. SoU disposal and microblal disposal media are the most common while composting and dehydration are also used. All agriculture waste problems roust be met with technological, social economical acceptability. (Frantz - East Cen- tral). 1097 — A4, C3 NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT, U. S, Department of Agriculture, Gunnison, Colorado and U. S. Department or Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebraska. J. C. Lorimor, L. N. Mlelke, L. F. Elliott, and J. R. Ellis. Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 5, p. 999-1009. October, 1972, 3 tab,, 4 fig., 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrates, 'Cattle, 'Feed lots, 'Wa- ter pollution. Irrigation, 'Farm wastes, 'Ground- water, 'Water quality. Aquifer, 'Samples, Ne- braska. Wells. Identifiers: 3-day study, transmissvity. A study of nitrate concentration in the ground- S»^r^ne^a ,beef catue feefflot MsTcS. ££LJP'y',Nebraska was started to 1968. An intensive 3-day pumping study was conducted «™»™ ff?S0t *J ?e start of WO irrigation system. Little nitrate concentration was found in the groundwater coming from beneath the feedlpt. Pumping caused a slight increase in u- s 1098 - E4, F5 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS. Coastal Plains Center for Marine Development Services, Wflmington, N.C. Center Publication No 71-3, August 1971.113 p. Descriptors: 'Aquatic plants, 'Fish. Poultry, Mink, Swine, Ruminants, Feeds, 'Water pollution control, Sewage treatment. Identifiers: 'Animal husbandry, 'Fish protein. 367 REFERENCES INCLUDE INFORMATION ABOUT BOTH FOOD AND MEDICAL PRODUCTS WHICH CAN BE OBTAINED FROM AQUATIC ORGANISMS. References on direct consumption of sea products, such as fish- ing methods and the use of fresh fish or shellfish, are excluded Main emphasis is on conversion of aquatic plants and animals to products such as fer- tilizers, food supplements for domestic animals and man, drugs, other Pharmaceuticals, and aquatic organisms for water pollution control. There is a permuted title index and an author in- de.:. 1099 - C4 SUMMER CONFERENCE OF SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY, LIVERPOOL, 13- -15 JULY 1971, Office of Naval Research. London (England). G. A. Hottle. Report No. ONRL-C-19-71, 31 August 1971.12p. Href. Descriptors: 'Microorganisms, 'Water pollution control, 'Wastes. 'Pathogenic bacteria, Con- ferences, 'Public health. Riven, 'Sewage, Biochemical oxygen demand. Solid wastes, Am- monia, Nitrogen compounds. Nitrates. Phosphates, Sludge treatment. Dissolved oxygen. Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Fermentation. Bac- teriophage, Nutrients, Filters Equipment, Oxida- tion, Lakes, Wisconsin, Anaerobic digestiion. Al- gae, Eutrophicatkm, Biodegradation, Plastics, Phosphorus compounds. Soil fungi, Pseu- domonas, Dairy industry, Municipal wastes, Her- bicides. Soil bacteria, Pesticides, Industrial wastes, DDT, Trace elements, Water quality, De- tergents, Farm wastes, Urine, Aerobic bacteria, Carbohydrates, Bactericides, Clostridhim, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Water purification, Sheep, Yeasts, Foods, Anaerobic bacteria, Soil contamination, Waste treatment, Organic matter, Digestion, Activated sludge, Actinonycetes, Hydrocarbon pesticides, Viruses, Water pollution sources. Water pollution effects. Path of pollu- tants. Identifiers: Bdellovibrid, Pclodictyon, Poliovirusei, Plasticizers, Phthalate, Thennophilic fungi. Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Bacillus, Cprynebacteria, Streptothrix hyorhina. Cadmium, Dimetbylnitrosamine, Amines, Carcinogens, Torulopsis jpp., Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusaria, Vibris. The annual conference of the Society for Applied Bacteriology, held at the University of Liverpool, 13-15 July 1971, included a two-day symposium on 'Microbiol Aspects of Pollution' and a one-day session devoted to papers on individual research. 325 image: ------- The following topics were discussed: (1) water pol- lution by domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes, (2) sewage treatment using combined aero- bic-anaerobic systems, (3) microbial ecology of the activated sludge process, (4) microbial aspects of pollution in the food and dairy industry, (5) pol- lution of freshwater! with inorganic nutrients, (6) microbial degradation of plastics, herbicides, and pesticides, (7) aerobic methods for the treatment of farm wastes, (8) factors affecting algal blooms, (9) the role of obligate anaerols in the digestion of organic material, (10) health hazard of pollution, and (11) sewage pollution of natural waters. In- dividual research topics included (1) 'An Evalua- tion of Procedures for Enumerating Bacteria in Activated Sludge', (2) "The Microbial Pollution of Water Courses as a result of the Sewage and Animal Wastes and the Application of Animal Slurry to Land', and (3) 'Methods for Analyzing the Microbial Decay of Solid Wastes'. (Jefferis- BatteUe) 1100 - C3 DETERMINATION ON MERCURY IN SAM- PLES FROM THE DUTCH ENVIRONMENT, Interuoiversitair Reactor Instituut, Delft (Nether- lands) J.J.M.DeGoeij. Report No DU-133-71-17, 1971.21 p, 12 fig, 1 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: •Mercury, •Neutron activation anal- ysis. Chemical analysis, 'Industrial wastes. 'Pol- lutant identification, Water pollution sources, Heavy metals, Separation techniques, Irradiation, Sediments. Cattle, Birds. Foods. Plant!, Marine fish. Toxkity, Milk, Water analysis, Marine animals, Salmon, Herrings, Commercial fish. Au- tomation. Identifiers: 'Biological samples, 'Methyl mercu- ry, 'Rhine River, Seals (Animals), Tuna, Mackerel, Pilchard, Cod, Haddock, Liver, Brain, •Netherlands, Body fluid*, Environmental sam- ples. Samples of sediments; biological tissues and fluids (birds, fishes, and man); human hair; foodstuffs; industrial products and Pharmaceuticals; and plants and water were analyzed for mercury by neutron activation analysis. These samples, rang- ing from 100 mg-l/g, were irradiated in quartz vi- als, automatically decomposed and oxidized by sutfuhc acid aad hydrogen peroxide, and volatil- ized at 200C with HBr into a sodium acetate solu- tion. Inactive mercury wai added to the solution and stirred for 1 hr to break the mercury into small droplets to ensure iiotopic exchange. The Hg wai then collected on a sintered glass filter, wished with water then acetone, and finally dissolved in nitric acid and counted in a well type sodium iodide crystal. A sensitivity and an accuracy of 1.0-0.1 ppb/gram sample and 97-9S percent yield were achieved, respectively. Results showed that (1) one quarter of the birds tested had been killed by methylmercnry; (2) in the food chain: sedi- ments - grass • cow - milk, cumulative effects wen absent; (3) Rhine River sediments showed in- creases of 18-23 ppm compared to previous tests; and («) while Dutch fish, seals and coastal marine organisms were generally contaminated, imported canned fish and cod fiver oil were in low ranges. Separate measurements showed not only that tuna had higher concentrations but that about 80 per- cent of the mercury in an fish was present as Upo- phflic methylmercury. (M ackan-BatteOe) 1101 — C4. D4 BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALGAE ON ENTERIC ORGANISMS, Texas University, Austin, Center for Research In wnter resources. Ernest Davis, and Earnest Glcyna. FWPCA grant 18050 DCL. Technical Beporl EHE-7O-06, CRWR-55, 132 p. March 1970. 9 fig., 144 tab., 60 ref. Descriptors: 'Algae, 'Cultures, 'Enteric Bac- teria, 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Pathogenic bacteria. Identifiers: Autogomistic effects, 'Axenic cul hues, 'Dieoff fates. Aftergrowth, Blue-green algae. Field studies. Green algae. Laboratory studies. A series of experiments Involving the effects oi blue-green and green algae on the dleoff rates of selected bacteria were conducted, Aexmlc cultures of anabaena cycllndrica, A. niculans, oscillatoria chalybla, chlorella pyrenoidoso and scendedesm obluguus among others. Cultures of enteric bacteria species (adcaligeues, faecalis, enterobactec aerogenes, E, coll proteus vulgaris, psudomonas aerorginosa, and serratio marcer- cens) were added to the oxenlc algal cultures during different periods of the algal life cycles. Filtrate from actively growing algae was ex- posed to cultures of enterics to determine whether any antibiotic compounds were im- parted to the medium during lag phase growth of algae. To determine aftergrowth of the enteric species, the duration of the tests was extended to about 90 days: Mixed cultures Of green ar.d blue-green algae were exposed to both single species of enteric bacteria and mixed cultures. Mixed algal cultures cause a greater dleoff among the enteric bacteria than do individual species of algae. The dieott char- acteristics of pathogenic species, namely Sal- monella Typhosa, S. Paratyplin, Shigella Cysen- ttrlae, S. Paracysenteslae. and Vibrac Comma were also determined. The pathogenic species did not survive as long as the enteric test species under similar test conditions. Virtually no aftergrowth was detected on the part of Pathogenes. (Aguirre - Texas). 1102 - C4, D4 MICROBIOLOGY OF A WASTE STABILIZA- TION POND, Central Public Health Engineering Research Inst., Nagpur (India). M. V. Bopandikar. In: Advances in Water Pollution Research. Proceedings Fourth International Conference on Water Pollution Research, held in Czechoslovakia, April 21-25, 1969: London, Pergamon Press, Ltd, Sec II, Paper 16, September 1968. 7 p, 32 ref. Descriptors: 'Biological treatment, 'Microbiology, 'Oxidation lagoons, Bacteria, Efficiencies, Lagoons, Microorganisms, Organic Loading, Pathogenic bacteria, Ponds, Viruses. Identifiers: 'Bacterial removal, Viral removal. Stabilization ponds developed by the author in India successfully treat sewage with an average BOD of 300 mg/l to 10 mg/1 at a cost of only Rs. 40,000/MCD as against Rs. 1,000,000/MOD with conventional treatment. No work, however, has been done in India on the reduction of pathogens by pond stabilization treatment. Many variables af- fect the types and quantities of enteric viruses that occur in sewage and the limitations of available techniques for their detection further complicate attempts to judge their significance. A review of the techniques developed for sampling and concentra- tion of viruses from large volumes of water is presented. Methods employed for collecting sewage samples for quantitative determination of viruses include: (I) the gauge pad or swab method, (2) resin adsorption method, and (3) ultra-cen- trifugation. It is shown that conventional secondary treatment (including chlorination) is not effective in removing virus contamination. However, marked reduction in the yield of viruses occurred during passages through oxidation ponds. Reduc- tion in coliforms of fecal E. coli and fecal streptococci during 30 days passage through oxida- tion ponds ranged between 96.0 and 99.9%. (Aguirre-Texas) 1103 - A3, A4, F3 ENFORCEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION LAWS IN OKLAHOMA. Oklahoma Law Review, Vol 22, No 3, p 317-345 (1969). 29 p, 180 ref. Descriptors: "Oklahoma, "Water pollution tources, 'Administrative agencies, 'Pollution abatement. Watercourses (Legal), Surface waters, Groundwater, Water supply. Water reuse. Water sources. Industrial wastes, Farm wastes, Sewage, Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Water users, Water quality. Standards, Wildlife conservation, • Oil industry. Saline water intrusion, Toxins, Sediments. On-site investigations, Hydrologic cycle. The article examines first the factors determining the nature and extent of water pollution: (I) the character of the state's water resources, their quality, quantity, and availability; and (2) the causes of water pollution categorized into the petroleum and other industries, agriculture, and municipal wastes. The second section of the article examines water pollution law as implemented by case law, legislation, or regulatory agencies* rules. Private remedies are discussed in regard to: (1) injuries to land and chattels; (2) nature of defendant's act; (3) nature of recovery; (4) plaintiffs standing; (S) defenses; (6) injury to water use rights; and (7) statute of limitations. The growth of a comprehensive state administrative program ia explained. There are six agencies which administer this program: (I) the Pollution Control Coordinating Board has various coordinating functions; (2) the Water Resources Board performs industry plant inspections; (3) the Corporation Commission regulates the petroleum industry's activities; (4) the Health Department regulates the water supply and sewage disposal; (S) the Department of Agriculture regulates pesticides and (6) the Department of Wildlife Conservation (Reel-Florida) 1104 - A9, C4 FISH AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES, Fort Detrick. Frederick. Md. Medical Sciences Labs. Werner A. Janssen. 1970. 7p,40ref. Descriptors: Diseases, Vectors (Biology), Pathogenic bacteria, Pxeudomonas, Fish, Oysters, Crabs, Clostridium, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, Bioindieators, Bullheads, White perch, Mycobac- terium. Identifiers: Aeromonas, Staphylococcus, Pasteurel- la, Leptospira. The similarities between pathogens which infect humans and those found in fish suggests that fish may act as passive or active hosts for pathogens which infect man. Review of the relatively few stu- dies conducted in the past and the author's own ex- perience demonstrate the feasibility of this thesis. Because of the increased uae of fish for food, the contamination of water, especially with human wastes, and the contact between man and the aquatic environment, research on this subject should be expanded. (Little-Battelle) 1105 - A2, F2 RULE AND REGULATION FOR THE REGIS- TRATION OF FEEDLOTS. Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council, Lin- coln. Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council. Lin- coln, Neb. nd, 2 p. Descriptors: 'Nebraska, 'Water pollution control •Wane disposal, 'Domestic animal*, Legislation, Feeds, Water pollution sources, Water policy. Ad- 326 image: ------- mlnlstrative agencies, Regulation, Programs, Stan- dards, Streams, Riven, Pollution abatement, Ad- ministration, Cattle, Poultry, Water fowl, Anhnali, Legal aspects, Wute disposal, Farm wattei. The Nebraska Water Pollution Control CouncU ia empowered to effectuate a comprehensive pro- gram of water pollution control. Feedlot registra- tion is a necessary portion of an overall waste disposal inventory. For clarity in implementing this Regulation, the word Yeedlot' ii defined as the con- fined feeding of food, fur, or pleasure anlmali In building), lots, or ponds not normally used for rais- ing crops or grazing animals. The confined feeding of enumerated animals, when grouped in numbers herein specified, shall come under this regulation. Any confined feeding within 500 feet of any water- course also comes within the provisions of the Regulation. Registration of existing feedlots, prior to July 1,1968, and proposed feedlots, at least sixty dsys prior to construction, is mandatory. Such re- gistration must be accomplished on fortni supplied by the Council. Detailed information must be pro- vided on each'feedlot. A failure to register is made punishable by statutory penalties. (Rees-Florida) HUb - Al, Bl, F3 MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT. Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D. C. Dept of Agriculture, Washington D C, Agriculture Information Bulletin No 351, April 1971. 48 p. Descriptors: 'Management, 'Environment, •Agriculture, 'Water pollution control, Sediments, Farm wastes,. Nutrients, Phosphorus, Algae, Nitrates, Water reuse, Salinity, Pesticides, Livestock, Waste disposal, Oxidation lagoons. Dehydration, Runoff, Radioactivity, Fallout, Biocontrol, Insect control, Irrigation, Predation, Parasitism, Insect resistance, Insect attractants, Precipitation (Atmospheric), Genetics, Erosion control, Air pollution, Trees. Identifiers: Feedlots, Composting, Plant residues, Recycling food, Processing wastes. Pathogens, Bioenvironmental controls. Some of the major problems in agricultural research dealing with new and older methods of en- vironmental management are described in an effort toward interesting the public in preservation of the quality of our environment. General material is presented under the subjects 'Protecting land, water and waterways,' 'Management of farm wastes,' 'Recycling food processing wastes,' 'New ways to fight pests-alternatives to pesticides,' and 'A green world—a clean world.' Among the problems discussed are prevention of animal wastes reaching waters, phosphorus from human wastes and detergents, multiple water reuse, and salinity in irrigated lands of the Southwest. Scientists are try- ing to prevent pesticide residues in soil and water and avoid pesticide overuse. Fallout from nuclear weapon testing calls for various decontamination treatments; food processing waste disposal and recycling is described, and recovery of potable water from seawater by reverse osmosis. Alterna- tives to pesticides are destruction of insects and weeds by introduction of predators, parasites, and pathogens which feed on or infect pests; resistant varieties, attractants, genetic control, bioenviron- mental controls, and hormone snd daylight manipulation. (Jones-Wisconsin) 1107 - A2, A3, A4, F3, F4 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLA- TION, AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, PART «. Congress, Washington, D.C. Hearings before the Committee on Public Works, Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, 92d Cong, 1st Sets. April 2, 1971. p 2513-3188, 64 fig, 208 tab, 9 chart, 420 ref. wastes, 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Water pollu- tion sources, Missouri, Kansas, Runoff, Fertil- izers, Pesticides, Waste disposal. Nitrates, Leaching, Salts, Associated costs, Eutrophica- tion, Legal aspects, Social aspects. Nutrients, Bodies of water. Legislation. Federal government. Identifiers: 'Agricultural runoff. Testimony was heard by the Senate Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution, as part of its investiga- tion into the effects of agricultural waste runoff on water. Agricultural operations in Kansas and Mis- souri are examined. Agricultural water pollution results primarily from surface runoff of silt, animal wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemical and biological agents. The problem of concentrated animal wastes from large-scale feedlots is explored. Current methods of con- trolling agricultural pollution, changes needed to correct current problems, and cost impacts arc covered from the viewpoint of industry, science, and elected public officials. An extensive appen- dix includes articles and scientific papers relating to water pollution from agricultural runoff. Methods of curtailing and preventing the discharge of concentrated organic wastes into rivers and streams are explained. The contamination of sur- face water from plowing under concentrated feedlot manure is discussed. The contamination of water supplies by inorganic fertilizer salts is also examined. (Grant-Florida) 1108 - A2, A3, A4, Cl EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE RUNOFF, Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. J. I. Sewell, and J. M. Alphin. Mimeographed paper presented at the Southeast Region Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and Southern Section, Soil Conservation Society of America in Richmond, Virginia, February 14, 1972. 8 p, 3 tab, 7 ref. OWRRA-021-Tenn(l). Descriptors: 'Water quality, Feedlots, Lagoons, "Tennessee. 'Farm wastes, On-site investigations, Water pollution sources, 'Land use. Nitrates, Phosphates, Dissolved oxygen, Coliforms, Bac- teria. Surface water samples form twenty-four sites at four locations in Tennessee were analyzed to determine the effects of agricultural land use on the quality of surface runoff. The results showed that bacterial counts and chemical concentrations of surface water samples were dependent on land- use activities; however, the most important fac- tors affecting the measured levels of these parameters were the location of the sampling points with reference to the source of the pollu- tants, dilution of the pollutants, and the time dur- ing the runoff cycle at which samples were taken. Concentrations of livestock increased the BOD, orthophosphates, and especially the bacterial counts of surface runoff samples from the areas affected. Of thirteen agricultural sites examined on flowing streams, none had dissolved oxygen or total nitrogen levels which failed to meet FWPCA standards for public water supplies, and only one site failed to meet the bacterial criteria. 1109 - B2, D4 AN EVALUATION OF AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATING SWINE WASTES, Mississippi State Univ., State College. Dept. of Civil Engineering. James H. Scarborough. Master's Thesis, August 1970. 92 p, 24 fig, 8 tab, 44 ref. digestion. Slurries, Confinement pens. Farm management, Waste treatment, Sampling, Biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen de- mand. Phosphate, Hydrogen ion concentration. Al- kalinity, Nitrogen, Sedimentation, Water pollution sources. Odor, 'Oxidation lagoons. Waste water treatment. Identifiers: New-light swine farm. Interest in the treatment of livestock wastes ha* grown in recent years due to concentration of livestock in areas where they are raised for com- mercial use and the migration to urban areas of those who are seeking a less polluted habitat. In Mississippi, an aerobic lagoon which treated swine wastes was studied for quality of incoming waste and effluent, as well as performance under varying temperatures. Random grab samples of influent and effluent were taken approximately once a week from February 10 to April 23, 1970, and again on May 19, 1970. The samples were studied for biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen de- mand, phosphorous expressed as phosphate, volatile solids, total solids, most probable number of conform bacteria per 100 ml, alkalinity, and total nitrogen. Results showed that anaerobic lagoons would reduce the pollutions! charac- teristics of the waste considerably. The lagoon still contained an appreciable amount of oxygen de- manding material and still caused highly odorous conditions, indicating that the effluent should receive further treatment. Perhaps anaerobic lagoons should only be used as a preliminary step rather than a complete treatment facility and should be followed by other means of treatment prior to the adequate and safe disposal of the ef- fluents. (Atkins-Texas) 1110 - A3, AS, A9 LAKE TERMINOLOGY: WATER BLOOM, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. J. O. Veatch. and C. R. Humphrys. Bull Mich Agric Coll Exp Station, East Lansing, p 241,1964.1 fig. Descriptors: *Eutrophicatton. Algae. Ducks. Color. Fishkill. Lakes, Odor. Toxicity, Water pollu- tion effects. Water quality. Cattle. Identifiers: 'Definitions, 'Water bloom. Toxic al- gae, Recreational use. This lexicon of lake terminology defines a water bloom as: 'A prolific growth of plankton. A blooir. of algae may be so dense that it imparts a greenish. yellowish, or biownish color to the water. The growth may be so concentrated in some pans of« hike that it interferes with swimming and boating. The algae not only imparts a disagreeable odor, but it may be a cause of fish mortality, und some spe- cies may be poisonous to cattle and ducks and a menace to drinking water supplies.' This entry in- cludes an aerial photograph of an algal bloom con- centrated in bav of a lake. (Eichhorn-Wis) 1111 - A3, A7, A9 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, David B. Peakall, and Jeffrey L. Lincer. BioScience, Vol 20, No 17, p 958-964, September 1,1970.1 fig, 2 tab. 62 ref. Descriptors: 'Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, •Food chains, 'Pesticide toxicity, Physical proper- ties, Chemical analysis, Persistence. Absorption-, DDT, Chemical properties. Plastics, Paints, Rubber, Resins, Gas chromatography, Spec- trophotometry, Mallard duck, Poultry, Songbirds Wading birds. Mussels, Herrings, Path of pollu- tants, Water pollution sources. Water pollution ef- Identifiers: 'Biological magnification, 'Aroclors, •Polychlorinated biphenyls, Chemical structure. Descriptors: 'Agricultural chemicals, 'Chemical Descriptors: •Farm wastes, 'Hogs, 'Anaerobic The structural and physical properties, uses, 327 image: ------- analytical methods, toxicology, levels in nature, and biological magnification of PCBs, and the ratio of DDT to PCB in the environment are sum- marized. Although nothing is known about the biological decomposition of PCBs, it is likely that they are more stable than DDT and its metabolites and thus have a tendency to accumulate up the food chain. No figures on the amount of these materials produced annually are available. Analysis of PCBs has been carried out by means of a com- bination of high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Nitration and saponifica- tion have been used to separate PCBs from other residues for analysis. Although several studies have been carried put on the toxicology of PCB», toxic levels are still largely undefined. Studies have shown, however, that there are striking alternations in the internal organs of some mammali and birds Data taken from several studies indicate that the PCBs are capable of biological magnification of th* food chain. Because of the apparent danger of these materials it is necessary to discover the major sources of their escape into the environment. Sixty- two references have been cited in this summary (Uttle-Battelle) 1112 - A2, C3, C4, CS CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF NATURE AND BEHAVIOR, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Bac- S. R. Miner, L. R. Bernard, L. R. Fina, 0. H. Larson, and R. I. Lipper. Proceedings, Industrial Watte Conference, 21 it, May 3,4, and 5,1966. p 834-847.9 fig, 9 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Surface runoff, •Cattle, 'Farowastes, Rainfall intensity, Chemical properties, Bacteria, Nitrogen, Colifonn, Streptococcus, Laboratory tests, Data collection. Analysis. Identifiers: Feedlot. Stormwater runoff is becoming recognized as an important water pollutant Runoff from cattle leedlots is particulary strong. Three types of ex- periments were conducted to evaluate toe charac- teristics and behavior of feedlot runoff. Two feedlots (0.05 acres each) were constructed, one with a dirt surface and the second with a concrete surface. Ten bead of cattle were maintained in each lot and rainfall was simulated by a series of sprinklers. The runoff was collected and tested for chemical and bacterial contamination. Tray ex- periments were conducted to determine bac- teriological changes in manure lying on the feedlot surface. Anaerobic bottle studies were made to determine the effects of storage in deep ponds. Cattle feedlot produces a high strength Waste with considerable quantities of nitrogen. ' Wast* strength increased with low rainfall rates, warm weather and moist lot conditions. Runoff from the concrete surface lot was nearly twice as strong as from the unsurfaced lot. The bacterial nature of the stored feedlot runoff and litter changed con- tinuously. Changes were a function of temperature and storage tune. The fecal colifonn: fecal streptococcus ratio does not appear to be an en- tirely reliable tool to identify the cause of an ob- served water pollution problem. (Goessling-Texas) 1113 - D4 AERATED LAGOON TREATMENT OF LONG ISLAND DUCK WASTES, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. V. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing; and Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Raymond C. Loehr, and Oennii D. Schulte. 2nd International Symposium for Waste Treatment Lagoons, June 23-25,1970. Kansas City, Missouri, P249.2S*. 7 fig, 2 tab, II rcf. Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagooni, 'Farm wastes. Pilot plants, Chlnrinalion, Phoiphatei, Mixing,, Coagulation, Flocculation, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand. Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic condition!, Co«t analysis, Design criteria. Mathematical models. Waste water treat- ment. Identifiers: 'Aerated lagoons, 'Puck wastes. Laboratory treatability studies were conducted in IQ65 to determine the feasibility of treating duck waites in a number of treatment systems. Pilot scale te»u were (hen run on * aerated lagoon syatem in 1 967. The pilot plant had a 250,000 gal- lon capacity, an 8 ft depth, and a 5 HP floating aerator. 35% of the duck waste water systems sub- sequently installed provided in excess of 90% BOD reduction, and 50% provided in excess of 85* BOD reduction, with aerator power relationships 1000 gallons. Th*M >Kmns Incited unud lagoons, witHai p«idi. Md chtoflutie*. 5tu41*i an pnMfitly Wing conducted on (»• new m.tkodi or phosphate removal, with some type of re moral to be implemented as soon as possible. ( Lowry-Texas) 1114 - D4, Fl ANIMAL MANURE LAGOONS, A QUESTIONA- BLE TREATMENT SYSTEM, SamualA.Han. 2nd International Symposium for Waste Treatment Lagoons, June 23-25, 1970, Kanuu City, Miuouri, p 320-324.1 tab, 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Oxidation lagoons, Organic loading. Infiltration, Evaporation, Percola- tion,, Aeration, Oxygenatipn, Odors, Sprinkler ir- rigation. Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic condi- tions, Biochemical oxygen demand. Waste water treatment. Identifier*: Aerated lagoons. Both oxidation lagooni and oxidation ditches can be of significant value to the agriculture industry. First introduced in the early 1930's, these lagoons •proved to be inexpensive to build and offer a minimum of maintenance. However, this system must be carefully designed in order to provide adequate treatment of agricultural waites, and this care in design has not been Inherent to lagoons in the past. Comprehensive field studies on cow manure have indicated that 60 ft to the third power of aerated lagoon volume is necessary to treat I Ib BQD 5/day. In between totally miied and aerated lagoons, and conventional oxidation lagoons are various degrees of anaerobic and aerobic treat- ment. Similar studies conducted on hog wastes Died loading rates at 12 ft to the third power/400 Ib pig as being capable of providing sufficient treat- ment. OiWation lagoons were also studied, with loading rstis of JO ft to the third powcr/lb BODS. Costs for the. oiidatton ditch ireatjneot are $6 per hog of aeration equipment and $.006 per hog per day of power requirements. Overall, oxidation lagoons and dltchti, and aerated lagoons can pro- vide lufflctsm treatment if properly designed and. maintained, •( towry-Tesu) lilS - C3, D4, E3,-: CO* I KOI. OK NITROGEN FROM ANIMAL UAKTK WATKMH, Ciirru-H I'niv.. lijiaca. N.Y. Dept. .if Civil and Agricultural l-injuin-cring. Ka.vtiH>ml ('. l.ivhr Priiocedings I.?lh Sanitary Engineering Conference im Nitr;ilr ami Water Supply; Source and Control. I'chruary 11-1.2. l'>70, Urmcrsity of llfinois. Ur- hanii: llliiioi» liimvr.it>. C'olUgc of Engineering PubliciilNMi. |. 17 7-IN').'I "711. Up.4fig, I tab. 23 ref. I-VVUA Project WP-l-fM. IX-M.ripi<>r»: M-'arni uaslc>>. 'Nitrogen compounds. •Waste treatment. 'Nitrification. *rvnitriluMtii>n. Ci'nfincnicnl pen*, l-.irni lagoons. Oij'.ink walk's. Waste Kiilvr Ircalnicnl. l)iodc|>rail:(thiii. Aeration. Aerobic treulitient. Identifiers: 'Niliogcn removal. The trend in reci-iii year* fur the confinement feed- ing of livestock iinil for inereuscd numbers of animals per production unit results in highly eon- cemralcd. low-volume waste flows which represent a |h>lluliiniul l,,i/.nd lo ground- ami Mirfucu ualeis. The nui1uli»iial conlnlnilion from Ihvxv activities is ntanil'cslcd l>y excessive initiient cuncenlialion*. chiclly high lew-la ..f niiro|>vii. microhial impair- ,incnl of mi Cave waters, release i>f cnnl.immcnts that complicate subsequent water treatinenl opera- I Mm*, and depletion of dissolved oxygen in Miil'.icc waters. Control of such uusles commences «-iih eiviilainment. I he microhial synthesis which oceuia during containment reduce* nitrogen levels to a certain extent. Further removal* cun be uccom- pfitJiixJ by ammonia stripping using diffused ucra- lion »r by nitriflvi.iflon-ilumuincutiim. Tb? most • suitable method of Uisposnl fin treated wastes is on the land, where the remaining nutrients can be in- corporated into cmrw. (iCmipp-USGS) 1116 - Bl, Dl, El MANAGING LIVESTOCK WASTES TO CON. TROL POLLUTION, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. James A. Moore. Water Pollution by Nutrients-Sources, Effects and .Control, Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, WRRC Bul- letin 13, p 29-34, June l%°. 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Pollution control, 'Organic loading, •Cattle, 'Hogs, 'Sheep, 'Farm wastes, Water pol- lution sources. Water quality, Waxtc disposal, Min- nesota, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Aerobic treatment. Water pollution control., Identifiers: 'Manure processing, 'Manure disposal, Livestock industry, Manure storage. Oxidation ditch. High costs and larger quantities of inert and biolog- ically stable materials prohibit many municipal waste treatment systems being used for animal waste disposal. No system has been designed to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in animal wastes. Four stepn in the management of manure arc sug- gested: (I) collection, (2) proccsning, (3) storage, (4) utilization or disposal. Drying manure simpli- fies sanitation problems because it i« stable, rela- tively odorless, and breeds-few flies. Energy required for drying limits method. Anaerobic kigpons arc a popular method for stabilbiing or- ganic matter, because disposal problems are mostly eliminated. Animal waste can be treated in aerobic oxidation ponds with oxygen mipplicd by ulgac and natural regeration supplemented by mechanical aeration. Impervious-bottom tanks and storage areas should be considered to prevent nutrient leaching during extended holding periods. Although economically non-competitive, more ef- fort'to dispose animal waste as. fertilizer would al- leviate the problem and prove beneficial to soils. (Bannerman-Wisconsin) 1117 - Al, F4 WATER POLLUTION BY NUTRIENTS- SOURCES, EFFECTS AND CONTROL, PAPERS PRESENTED AT 1966 ANNUAL MEETING OF MINNESOTA CHAPTER SOIL CONSERVA- TION SOCIETY OF AMERICA. Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Water Resources Research Center. WRRC Bulletin l"3, Minnesota Water Resources Research Center, June 1969. 79 p. OWRR Project A-999- MINN. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Water pol- lution effects, 'Eutrophication, 'Nutrients Algae Fish population, 'Water pollution control, Farm wastes. Municipal wastes. Septic tanks, Recreation $28 image: ------- wastes, Water quality. Identifiers: * Nutrient sources. The Bulletin includes the papers presented at a conference on 'Nutrient Pollution - Sources, Ef- fects and Control' held in Minneapolis, Minnesota on January 8.1969. The conference was planned as the Annual Meeting of the Minnesota Chapter, Soil Conservation Society of America. The papers, all individually abstracted, include the following titles: Nutrients and Other Forms of Pollution, Diagnos- ing Pollution in Lake Minnetonka, Effect of Eutrophication on Fish and Related Organisms, Health Aspects, Surface and Groundwalers, Animal Waste Disposal Problems and Trends in Minnesota, Managing Livestock Wastes to Control Pollution, Runoff and Sediment as Nutrient Sources, Controlling Nutrients and Organic Toxi- cants in Runoff, Treatment of Municipal Wastes, Septic Tank Effluents, Water Pollution in Recrea- tional Areas - Sources and Control, and Setting Water Quality Standards and Regulating Nutrient Sources, Implementing Pollution Control. 1118 - Al, F4 WATER QUALITY ' MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ARID REGIONS. Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla. Treatment and Control Research Program. James P. Law, Jr., and Jack L. Witherow, Editors. Federal Water Quality Administration Water Pollution Control Research Series 13030 DYY 6/69, October 1970. 105 p. FWOA Program 13030 DYY. Descriptors: 'Conferences, 'Water quality, •Water pollution sources, 'Water pollution con- trol, 'Arid lands, Irrigation. Agriculture, Evapora- tion, Salinity, Farm wastes, Surface waters, Croundwater, Planning, Irrigation effects. Wastes, Nutrients. An international conference entitled 'Arid Lands in a Changing World' sponsored by the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Science Commit- tee on Arid Lands and the University of Arizona, was held at Tucson in June, 1969. The Federal Water Quality Administration provided financial support for the conference and solicited papers to be presented in the Water Management and Salini- ty and Desalini/ation sessions. This report presents a selected group of the papers presented at those sessions which should benefit those concerned with water quality management problems in arid re- gions, The title of the papers included in this report are as follows: nitrate removal from agricultural waste water; the effects of salinity standards on ir- rigated agriculture in the Colorado River basin; problems of pollution of irrigation waters in arid re- gions; water quality requirements and re-use of waste water effluents; salinity control in return flow from irrigated areas—a demonstration project; water quality control problems in inland sinks; natural pollution in arid land waters; distillation of waste waters: a water resource for arid regions; and animal waste runoff-a major water quality chal- lenge. (Woodard-USGS) 1119 - B2, D4 TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR CLEAN WATER AND FOR MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Chemical En- gineering. G. T. Tsao. Iowa State Water Resources Research Institute, Ames, Completion Report ISW- RRI-33 Engineering Research Institute 1SU-ERI, Ames-99959 April, 1971 34 p. 27 fig. 12 ref. OWRR Project A-032-1A (6). Descriptors: Oxygen, Absorption, 'Foaming, •Aeration, 'Cytological studies, Farm wastes, Waste water treatment, 'Biological treatment. Identifiers: Waldorf aerator, Cell growth, 'Whey. Cheese whey containing 35,000 ppm BOD is the most concentrated liquid waste that can be found in large quantities. It foams excessively when bub- bled with gas. Cheese whey was successfully treated in a Waldhof aerator by Saccharomyces fragilis. This yeast can reduce about 85% of the BOD and produce single cell protein. A batch as well as a continuous growth process of this yeast was successfully developed. A fundamental study on the transient and steady state behavior of cell growth was also conducted. Through computer simulation, it was possible to predict growth pat- tern in batch and continuous processes. Oxygen is important in any aerobic biological process. The Waldhof aerator not only provides good aeration for yeait growth, but is also capable of handling highly foamy liquors like whey through its foam recycling mechanism. A sysmetical study on the working mechanisms of a Waldhof aerator was conducted. Foam fractipnation of the yeast and other microbiological cells was also studied. Foam decay was found to follow a second-order rate pat- tern. A theoretical investigation was conducted on gas-liquid interfacial oxygen absorption. The effect of viable microbiological cells that consume the transferring solute on the rate of oxygen absorption was analyzed. 1120 - A3 SOURCES OF PHOSPHATE, AMMONIUM AND NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN SOME CEN- TRAL NEW JERSEY STREAMS, Rutgen-The-State Univ., New Brunswick. N.J. Dept. of Soils and Cropi. Aytekin Bilgin. M Sc Thesis, Rutgers University Graduate School, March 1971. 113 p. 29 fig. 7 map, I tab, 60 ref. OWRR Project A-027-NJ (1). Descriptors: *New Jersey, 'Water pollution sources, 'Pollutants, 'Phosphates. 'Nitrates. Sur- face runoff. Leaching. Sewage disposal. Chemical wastes, Domestic wastes. Farm wastes. Industrial wastes. Fertilizers, Ammonia, Nitrogen cycle, Nutrients, Nitrification, Decomposing organic matter, Eutrophication, Balance of nature, Biochemical oxygen demand, Aquatic productivi- Identifiers: 'Middlesex County (N J). 'Somerset County (N J). 'Mercer County (N J). New Brun- swick (N J), Princeton (N J). A study was made from April to October 1970 of pollution in seven streams located in Middlesex. Somerset, and Mercer Counties, New Jersey. The objective of this investigation was to determine the origin, source, and concentrations of phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate polluting the streams. The following were the areas studied: Beaverdam Brook (E. Brunswick), Mile Run (New Brunswick), Six Mile Run (New Brunswick), Millstone River (Prin- ceton), Rock Brook (Zion), Ouek Pond Run (Prin- ceton), and Big Bear Brook (Hightstown). Of these. Millstone River, located near a sewage disposal plant, and Mile Run, near a chemical plant, produced the highest phosphate and am- monia levels. Mile Run had the greatest BOD because of the heat and wastes polluting it Nitrate contamination developed principally In areas where eutrophic conditions existed for some years, and where surface runoff leached out fertilizer residues from suburban lawns and cultivated agricultural soils. Moderate nitrate contamination was seen in Six Mile Run, Big Bear Brook, and Duck Pond Run. The highest nitrate level occurred in Beaverdam Brook where the adjacent watershed had been completely altered some 5 years earlier by bulldozing and grading operations. This activity completely destroyed the original soil profile and broke up and buried the former organic layer so that mineralization and nitrification was rapidly in- creased. (Olasby-USGS) 1121 - A3, A9, El WATER POLLUTION MOM LAND KUNOPT, AgncuItursl Research Service. US Department of Agriculture. K. C. Walker, and C. H. WadleJth. Plant Food Rev. Vol 14. No l.pp 2-4. IMI. 3 p. | photo. Descriptors: 'Runoff. 'Water pollution. Infiltra- tion, Sediments. 'Sedimeal yield. 'Nutrients, Eutrophicaiion Inorganic compounds. Nitrates, Phosphates, Calcium, Magnesium. Fertilizers. Agricultural chemicals, Fishkill. Pesticides. Endrin, Irrigation. Acid mine wster. Mentifiers: ^Livestock wastes. Runnels. Feedlotx, ttoS ""^ ' M""ure "•yds**. Bacterial poUu- Contributions of agricultural activities to the pollu- tion of runoff is surveyed, and it if found that sedi- ment is by far the most prevalent entity that impairs water quality. Of the average annual precipitation, 30% becomes runoff and less than 1% infiltrates deeply. Sediment yield in the Mississippi basin averages 390 tons annually per sq mi Large amounts of nutrients arc lost with sediments. For example, the load per yr of nitrogen » 500.000 tons; phosphate, 750.000; calcium, 5.400,000; magnesium. 2,400,000, and livestock wastes. 1.6 billion (1965). Associated wanes brought the an- nual total to 2 billion ions. Organic waste problems are severe 50.000 head of beef cattle produce as much waste as 600.000 people; therefore, serious economic and engineering planning is necessary for disposing of manure or for recycling it for fertilizer use. Major fish kills have occurred because of feedlot runoff, which with other farmland runoff contains high nitrates and phosphates. Pesticides usually are present but in low concentrations. Ir- rigation increases the natural salts content of ru- noff. Acid mine drainage is a problem in the Ohio River Watershed 1122 — A3, A4, C3 NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS, Wisconsin University, Madison. S, Wltzel. E, McCoy, O. J. Attoe. L. B. Polkow- sM, and K. T, Crabtree. Water Resources Center. University of Wiscon- sin, Technical Completion Report, December 1968, 65 p. 14 tab.. 12 fig., 27 ref. 1968. 63 p. IS tab., 12 fig.. 27 ref. OWRR Project B-004-Wls, Descriptors:: 'Domestic animals, 'Wastes, fer- tilizers, 'Essential nutrients. 'Nitrification, crops, toridty, soil porosity, irrigation, ground water, runoff, frozen ground, sou erosion, water pol- lution, Dentriflcation, phosphorus compounds, algae, aquatic plants. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification have been studied with 191 samples of shallow water from streams, farm ponds and adjacent soils. Of 47 chosen for repeated tests, 45 pro- duced no sub 2-N ranging 5-154 microgram/ML. Av. 48 mlcrogram/ML. Only 2 produced no sub 3-N at 33 and 46 mlcrogram/ML. Of 167 stock cultures of soil fungi, the main producers were In the asperglllus flavus-oryzae and A. Wentit Croups (75% yielded 65-100 micrograms of no sub 3-N) and the penlcUlum genus (21 of 24 species yielded 7-19 mlcrogram/ML of no sub 3-N from no sub 2-N, not from organic N). Nitrlfiers of no sub 2, no sub 3 type were found in 5 other genera. Residual no sub 3 following crop maturity migrates downward from 12 inches to aquifer depth at 20 feet over winter on waupun and plalnfield soils, respectively. -One Wisconsin commanlty had 86 wells with 34,5% unsafe con- taining high no sub 3 and another had 550 wells with 1/3 unsafe. Surface waters received less than 5.7 Ib. N and 2.53 Ib. p. per A. In flood flows from a 1346 A. watershed; 3.62 Ib. N and 1.14 Ib. p per A. from 3 farm areas total- ing 246 A. Lancaster plots receiving 15 tons dairy cow wastes per A. lost 19.8% more N and 11.3% more P when applied on frozen ground in a year ot high winter runoff. 329 image: ------- 1123 - Bl, D2, D4 A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM INVOLVING THE REUSE OF WATER, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. George L. Pratt. Research Project Technical Completion Report to Office of Water Resources Research, December 1968, Washington, D. C. 24 p. 11 tab, 2 ref. OWRR Project A-001 -NDAK. Descriptors: 'Water reuse, Stock water. Domestic animals, 'Farm wastes. Potable water, Solid wastes. Urine, Water pollution. Aeration, Aerobic treatment. Biological treatment. Coagulation, Fil- tering systems. Filtration, Flocculation, Oxidation, Waste storages, * Waste water treatment, Water purification, water treatment. Separating solid materials from liquid wastes that have been removed from a livestock barn can be accomplished in several ways. In trials at the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station settling tanks and sand filters were evaluated. In one phase of the work treatment of overflow from a settling tank that collected beef waste was emphasized. No treatment, aeration, and treatment with aluminum 'sulfate (alum) were tested for the settling tank overflow. The settling tank removed the bulk of the solids. Alum treatment of the overflow was effec- tive in reducing total solids to the point where it was nearly feasible to provide final treatment. In the second phase of the work a slow sand filter was tested under controlled conditions to determine its adaptability for final treatment of. reclaimed water. Tests were run at three temperatures, 45 deg F, 70 deg F, and 100 deg F. Controlled amounts of or- ganic material were added to the influent of the filter. The filter was easily managed and adaptable to a wide range of conditions. Its performance was better at TO deg F than at 45 deg F or 100 deg F. 1124 — A2, A4, E2 EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON MOVEMENT OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN SOIL PROFILES AND ON TRANS- FORMATIONS OF SOIL NITROGEN, Wisconsin University, Madison. R. J, Olten. University of Wisconsin, Water Resources Cen- ter, Report 1969. 79 p. OWRR B-004-W1*. Descriptor*: •Nitrification. 'Soil nitrogen, 'Pub- lic health, 'Soil leaching. Qroundwater, Soil profiles, Water table. Surface runoff, Farm wastes. Aerobic conditions. Incubation. Identifiers: Lake EuropHcation, 'Soil phosphorus, AUalia-Bromegrasi. Spring thaws. Fertilizer-ni- trogen, There is increasing evidence that agriculture is contributing to the increase in nitrate-nitro- gen in streams, lakes, and domestic water sup- plies. High amounts of nitrate-nitrogen In water are a health hazard and contribute to lake eutropblcatlon. Methods by which nitrogen may enter the water' from agricultural sources in- clude the leaching of nitrate-nitrogen through the soil profile to the water table and iurfac<> runoff, especially during spring thaws from ma- nure applied to frozen soil during the winter. The data obtained from field experiment* Indi- cate that pollution of groundwater with nitrate- nitrogen can be limited by avoiding excessive rates ol fertilizer nitrogen; providing a crop cover on the sou during the growing season; use of hay crops, such as aUalfa-bromegraes, in rotation with corn or other crops receiving fertilizer nitrogen; and not permitting unpro- tected manure to accumulate during the time of year when leaching can occur. Recovery of fertilizer nitrogen by three lucceatlve corn crops and as toll in organic nitrogen following the last crop ranged from 72 to M percent. The average concentration ol nitrate-nitrogen in (be toil solution it the lowest profile depth sampled ranged from 14 ppm for virgin soils » « ppm for manure contaminated soils and to 31 ppm for cultivated soil*. Rate of nitri- fication was directly related to the rate of manure application, presence of aerobic condi- tions, period of incubation, and soil phosphorus. The average recovery of nitrogen by chemical analysis of the soil receiving the higher ma- nure rate* after 37 weeks of incubation ranged from Wh for anaerobic conditions to 73 to 80 percent for the aerobic conditions. These data suggest that where animal manure is not to be used as a fertilizer, lagooning of the ma- nure under anaerobic condition* may be an effective method of disposal with a minimum risk of water pollution. (Olaen - University of Wisconsin). 1125 - A3, F4 ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN MINNESOTA, Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Evan R. Alfred. Water Pollution by Nutrients-Sources, Effects and Control, Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, WRRC Bul- letin 13, p 22-28, June 1969. 2 fig, 3 tab. Descriptors: 'Livestock, 'Wastes, 'Farm wastes. Organic wastes, Minnesota, Biochemical oxygen demand, Farms, Pollutants, Water pollution sources, Eutrophication. Identifiers: 'Livestock waste disposal. Broiler farms, Livestock wastes comparison, Feedlots, Manure production. Food production wastes, Pro- jected livestock farms, Wastes management. The growing problem of animal waste disposal resulting from the trend toward concentration of livestock on fewer farms is discussed. Data com- piled in Minnesota indicates large percentage of these farm animals arc on feed and in confinement. The problem will accelerate as herds grow larger to meet future population demands. By 1980 there is a projected 10-fold increase in the average hog and feed-cattle herd size in Minnesota. Three reasons given for failure to solve animal waste disposal problems are: (I) reluctance to monetary expendi- tures on adequate methods, (2) because the problem has been considered unrelated to other parts of society, and (3) approaches have been used that arc only applicable to other types of waste. Cost involved and the enormity of the problem arc realized when data presented indicate a 250,000 bird poultry enterprise has a biochemical oxygen demand waste equivalent to a city popula- tion of 25,000. Eutrophication is increased by spreading manure on frozen ground and the con- sequent runoff in spring thaw. Since the cost of a treatment plant and storage it prohibitive to in- dividual farmers, it is concluded that no immediate, simple solution ii in sight. (Banncrman-Wisconsin) 1126 - A9 ^ SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LABORATORY. ANNUAL REPORT, 1971. Georgia Univ., Athens. lost, of Ecology- Robert S. Beyers, I. L. Brisbin, D. C. Colcman, J. B. Gentry, and J. W. Gibbons (editors). August 1971. Farts 1 and 2. 420p.AT(38-l)-310. Descriptors: 'Boron, 'Nutrient requirement. •Cycling nutrients. 'Radioactivity effects. Water pollution effects, Ecosystems, Thermal pollution, Radioecology. Southeast U.S., Microorganisms, Bass, Ecology, Snakes. Poultry, Rodents, Aquatic habitats, Aquatic plants. Amphibians, Turtles. Aquatic life. Path of ^oflutants. Reservoirs. Streams, Soil-water-plant'relationships. Absorp- tion. Work at the Savannah River laboratory is reported which includes basic ecology (16 projects), radioecology (3), ecosystem radiation effect* (2). and thermal effects on fish (2). Analysis of southeastern United States surface water* for boron showed level* which were usually leu than 100 ppb. It appears that a higher level in most streams is by leaching of rocks and soil, as com- pared with the lower level in large reservoirs which is comparable with the level in rainfall (ex- cept in cases of salt water intrusion). Other studies include: radiation effects on ecosystems involving (respectively) microorganisms, fish, and broiler chicks; and nutrient studies in ecosystems involv- ing aquatic macrophytes, harvester ants, an old- field mouse, small mammals, snakes, mosquito- fish, turtles, and lizards. (Bopp-ORNL)- 1127 - A4, Bl WHY NITRATES IN WATER SUrVLIES, G.E. Smith. Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 110, No IS, p 1048-1049, September 25.19«, 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Nitrate*, Feed lot*. Fertilizer*, •Farm waste*, Missouri, Water supply, Water wells, Water pollution sources. Identifier*: * Water contamination. Studies show that 75% of Missouri's water is con- taminated by nitrates, primarily from feedlou. Shallow wells are most affected, but deep one* can be if improperly cased. To solve the problem. new properly encased wells should be dug some distance from feedlou. (Marquard-East Central) 1128 - D4, E3 USE OF DUCKWEED FOR WATER TREAT. MENT AND ANIMAL FEED, Louisiana Stale Univ., Baton Rouge. School of Forestry and Wildlife Management D. D. Culley, Jr., and E. A. Epp*. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 45. No 2. p 337-347, February, 1973.1 fig, 5 tab. 28 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Waste water treat- ment, Farm lagoons, Nutrient removal, Feed*, Livestock. Identifiers: 'Duckweed, Lemnacese. This scientific study was established to search for aquatic plant* suitable for nutrient reduction in animal waste lagoons and for utilization in animal feeds. Criteria for evaluating the aquatic plant* are given. Chemical composition of plants from the family lemnaceae are shown in tablet based on eight test sites. Duckweed (how* great potential, but minor problems include toxic buildup and ex- cess water content (Uarquard-Eait Central) 1129 - A3, B2, C2, D2 BEEP CATTLE FEEDLOT RUNOFF, SOUM TRANSPORT AND SETTLING CHARAC- TERISTICS, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. C. B. OUbertson. J. A. Member, T. M. McCaOa, J. R. EIHS, and W. R. Wood*. Transactions of the ASAF (American Society of Agriculture Engineers). Vol 15.No6,pU31-1134. 1972.6 f is, I reTsupport in part by EPA. Descriptors: *Feed lot*. Runoff, Continuous flow, •Farm waste*, Cattle, *Watte water treatment Identifiers: 'Solid* removal system. Batch system. Re ing settleable solids fn runoff requires a working t beef cattle feedlot ilge of the rela- tionships between precipitation, runoff, solids, transport, and settling of the transported sotU*. The authors give physical descriptions of the working area and develop estimating equations i otsotUt which can be used to assist in deaiga removal systems to geographic ana* with similar cUmatic and feedlot conditions. Two system*, a •batch system', and • 'continuon* flow* systm, wencooitnicte4.Inla«OTsaocytesU(Iinboffcooe test*), about 40% of the total solids transported (by weight) settled in 16 to It mmnteTatiero 330 image: ------- velocity of flow. Calculated bulk density of settle- able solids was 6.71 Ib. per cu. ft. with a standard de^USnk°f 3'W fc "" cn' ft » was Vecom. mended that an open channel should be emimed with barriers to restrict runoff flow to nearzero velocity to remove sufficient solids to maintain a *• ""** 1130 - D2, E3 THE OPCCO DRYER. Agricultural Engineering. Vol 53, No 6, p 16-17, June. 1972.2 fi«. Descriptor*: *Recycling, Drying, Fertilizers, •Farm wastes, 'Waste treatment, Poultry, Feeds. A solid waste management system, developed and patented by Harvey Wenger and manufactured by Organic Pollution Control Corp., has been placed oa several large poultry farms to turn poultry litter into fertilizer or into a feed additive for livestock. Michigan State University's Dr. Howard w~H end other experts feel that the dryer, used to far primarily with poultry manure, can successfully handle all forms of animal wastes phis packing bouse offal, vegetable and fruit peel and pulp, end municipal sewage. Requiring an area of about 20- 40 feet, the 40 ton per day unit operates on either natural or LJ> gas. Plans for developing other power supplies are being studied. The drying process is described and a schematic of the flow path is shown. The process is not inexpensive, but it does supply a solution to the waste problem. (Wetherill-East Central) 1131 - Bl, C5 FIVE FEEDING SYSTEMS COMPARED Feedlot Management, p 34-37. January. 1971.8 fig. Descriptors: •Peed lota. Performance. Runoff •Para wastes, Cattle. Confinement pens Identifiers: Animal density. Open lot, Open shed, Cold bam, Warm bam. Preliminary results ere given on the influence of various housing systems on beef cattle and the ef- fect of animal dentity on feedlot performance. Ills B**f • Pls- ™1' "71 Indicated that boused confinement should be need to capacity end maintained year round for max- imum benefits. Housed confinement tends to con- trol mneti end high dentity does not seefTE ••-, health or feed efficiency. Advantages methods being developed are: feeding processed manure to livestock, burying effluent, spreading and deodorizing it, and selling it. The animal waste problem is likely to prove less technical than economic. (Wetherill-East Central) 1133 - Al, Bl, F2 POLLUTION CRACKDOWN. The Furrow, p 4. September/October, 1970. Descriptors: •Feed lots, •Regulation. Waste J.Richter. Beef, p 20. July. 1971 Owcriptors: -Feed lots. 'Waste disposal, As of Jury 1 1971. feedlots with over 1.000 bead mu»t apply for permits to discharge effluents into waterways. Smaller units, those that don" ascnarge from a single point source, or those that Cattle feeder George Reynolds was one of many stockmen forced to move farther away from ex- panding city Units. Many, like James sin.in. have faced law suits as high as $90.000 from peo- ple .who moved next door after their feedlots had been established. Some stockmen are working with authorities to prevent embarrassing or costly law suits in the future. Lawsuit tips. Locate feedlots away from neighbors and streams. Ag en- gineer E. H. Davit sayt, Try to make friends with your neighbor, so you understand his problems and he understand, yours.' (Wetherill-East Cen- tral) 1134 - D3, E3 FEED 'EM TRASH. COT POLLUTION. Beef.p 12. July. 1971. Cellulose. Brush control. •Farm Feeds*' RecycU"«- Prolefai' *F«ed «*«. Texas, Tech researchers have devised H!J?pW| "•a"™- <*"*». «* «ny rebalance with cellulose and converts it to protein and sugar ^dJEt^J* T1 lor •DiMl '•*•»« potsibly In the future for human consumotioiL Of anmard-Bast Central) ^^ wTOumiwon. 1135 - A3, Bl ENGINEER SAYS REDKR8 CAN HANDLE MOST POLLUTION CONTROL PRACTICM Descriptors: 'Feed lots, Runoff, •Farm wastes. Water pollution controli Nebraski: ' problems cu be con- 75% of feedlot trailed tog studied. The five types of housing are open lot open •bed, manure pacTtbed, cold ben endwann' ben. AH five lyrtenu ere designed to contain in animal wastes. West Central) 1132 - F4 THE GREAT MANURE DILEMMA, J. Oentner. The Furrow, p 1-2. September/October. 1970. Descriptors: •Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Recycling, •Farm wastei, Livestock. Disposing of animal waste* cheaply tod without polhitloB Is fast becoming one of agriculture's knottiest problems. United States livestock produce about two button toni of liquid end sottd wastes per year, enough to fin a square mile 10 feet nigh every day. Complicating the state of 'overproduction Is the development of cheap com- tnercfal fertiliser. The large differences in livestock operations make one ultimate solution to manure handling doubtful, if not impossible. The characteristics of manure change with the type of animal, feed, and climate. The requirements for practical disposal very with the operation's tin. and amount of land available. Some 1138 - Bl, C5, E2 HOUSED CONFINEMENT - AN ANSWER FOR FEEDING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, E. W. Mutbcy. Feedlot Management, Vol 14, No 2. p 10-16, February, 1972. 6 photos, 1 fig. Descriptors: -Feed lots, 'Waste disposal, *Fann wastes. California, Confinement pens. Cattle. Identifiers: Cow toilet. Physical facilities are described and pictured for a; boused feedlot that takes advantage of northern California's market and feed supply and over- comes the problem of the wet season. Construc- tion tune/cost are cut by new methods of casting concrete slotted floors in place. The pit beneath the lot Is scraped continuously by a cable driven blade and disposed of on 160 acre fields by sprin- kle irrigation. Rain runoff and overflow of troughs' ere piped to a pond. (Marquard-Bast Centr»!> 1139 - Bl HOW WEATHER AFfECTS REDLOT PER- FORMANCE. Feedlot Management, Vol 13, No 2. p J8-39. February, 1971. Descriptors: *Ifud, *Ram, •Winds, •Peedlots, Farm wastes. 'Weather effects, Winter, Produc- tivity. Identifiers: Shelter. Studies were made of weather factors associated with winter es possible causes of reduced feedlot performance. Tetts were performed under artifr* dally produced conditions. Mud was the most teti- owed by the individual. Smell operators cen dairyproduced conditions.^udWrCrnB.^ receive neb tram th> HeM PM»*« image: ------- 1141 - A4, A9, C3 NITRATES DANGER FOR HUMANS, TOO, 1. E. Orundman. Miuouri Runliit, p 24-25, February 27,1965. Descriptors: Feed tots. 'Water welU, 'Nitrates. •Fvm wutef, 'Missouri, Water poUution lourcet. IdCDlitien: Nitrite cyanosis. Nitrate contamination of well water in Miitouri has been recognized in recent ye«n. Although sampling is incomplete and dat* not totally conclu- sive, nitrate pollution appears to be closely linked with proximity to feed lots and livestock wattes, silo drainage, manure piles, and septic tanks. In- fant* not yet consuming solid food* are subject to nitrate cyanosis from the intake of high-nitrate water ia feedlot areas. A high nitrate content also accounts for a number of maladies in livestock. Suggestions for combating nitrate pollution are given. (Anderson-East Central) 1142 - A6, A9, Bl, C5 WASTE-CAUSED AM POLLUTANTS ARE MEASURED IN SWINE BUILDINGS. minois Univ., Urbana. Agricultural Experiment Station. D. L. Lebeda, and D. L. Day. niinoi* Research. plS, Fan, 1965. Descriptors: Ventilation. •Farm wastes, 'Feed lots. AjrpoUntion. •Hon. Identifiers: *Tolerance levels, Ota concentrations. Threshold level*. The practice of collecting swine waste under par- tially or totally slotted floors has created a need to discover what pollutant* are produced and to determine the tolerance levels of the twine to these pollutants. Untreated ponded swine wastes could hypothetical^ be expected to produce the same gase* that untreated municipal watte creates under anaerobic conditions. A study was un- dertaken to determine the concentration* of am- monia, hydrogen suKide, carbon dioxide, and air- borne bacteria, with and without forced ventila- tion, in swiae buildings with fluid manure. None of the gas concentrations approached the threshold levels for human occupancy, and research is now being planned to determine the tolerance levels of swine. (Dudley-East Central) 1143 - A5, Bl, C3 A LOVELY NEW SCENT TOR MANURE. Calf News, Vol 9, No 10. p 4. October. 197: Detcripton: 'Air pollution, •Sagebrush, 'Farm wastes, Odor, Water pollution control. A method of reducing manure odor with a sage brush feed additive ha* been discovered. This ad- ditive, which causes continuous production of volatile oil* in manure and urine, seems to Improve the health of the cattle with no detectable change in the taste of the beef. Plans for future research include spraying of feedlot* with sage out. The oik can be synthetically produced, but there is an abundance of natural sage. The product 1s not yet commercially available. (Fomby-East Central) 1144 - Bl, C5 CONFINEMENT FEEDING - PROS, CONS. AND TIPS, DtinoiaUniv., urban*. D O Jedele Feedlot M""f-"-"i Vol 13. No 1. p 21-23. January,1971. Descriptors: Runoff. Water potation. Air poOn- tion, Performance, 'Feedlots, •Farm waste*, Il- linois.'Confinement pens. Advantages and disadvantages of confinement feeding are described. Aspects the feeder should investigate before *««r"'""g construction of con- finement buildings are discussed. (Fomby-East Central) 1145 - E3 FEED RECYCLING SHOWING PROMISE. Calf News, Vol 11, No 1. p 28-29, 52, January 1973. Descriptors: Feed lots, 'Farm wastes, 'Recycling, •Feeds, Equipment, California, Feeds. This is a progress report on the Feed Recycling Company, a company selling equipment that takes manure from feedlots and converts it into feeds. The equipment is capable of converting a ton of manure into sugars, fibers, and 400 pounds of protein. Initial cost for the unit is $180,000 and operating costs are five dollars a ton. The end product is worth thirteen cents a pound, which could mean returns up to $600,000 a year for wastes from a feedlot Feeding tests for the feed are now being run at a California research station. (Marquard-East Central) 1146 - B3, C5, E3 FEEDLOT WASTE UTILIZED EFFICIENTLY BY ANIMALS. Oklahoma State Univ.. Stillwater. Agriculture at OSU, Summer, 1972.1 p. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, Sheep, 'Feed lots. •Proteins. Identifiers: 'Digestibility. Feedlot dry wastes from an open feedlot were fed to sheep. Though the waste* were high in digesti- ble protein and nutrients, a potential hazard is the entry of toxic materials into the human food chain These first tests were limited and need to be re- peated more thoroughly before any recommenda- tions will be available. (Lee-East Central) 1147 - Al, Bl, Dl, El, Fl SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CATTLE FEEDLOTS, Texas A and M Univ.. College Station. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. J. M. Sweeten. W. S. Allen, and D. L. Redded. Cattle Feeders' Information, Publication No L- 1094. (1973), 4 p. Descriptors: 'Solid wattes, 'Storage, 'Ultimate disposal, Groundwater, Pollutants, Aquifers, •Waste water treatment. Fertilizers. 'Feed lots. Cattle. Farm wastes. Information is presented for commercial cattle feedlots on methods and costs of solid feedlot waste management; equipment selection guidelines; and agronomic effect* of applying feedlot manure to cropland. (Lee-East Central) 1148 - A4, B2, D4 DAIRY WASTE PONDS EFFECTIVELY SELF- •SEALING, Agricultural Research Service, Riverside Calf. Sol and Water Conservation Research Div. S. Davit. W. Fairbank. and H. Wcisheit Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers. Hot Springs. Arkansat, June 27-30.1972. Paper no 72- 222,10 p, 2 tab, 1 fig, lOref. Detcripton: Oroundwaler pollution. Farm wastes, •InfiHration rates, •Farm lagoons. Sewage pondi, •Sealing, Cattle. Dairy Industry. Infiltration rates of contaminated water from manure ponds are discussed. Infiltration rates of a dairy waste pond were measured with irrigation. water before manure water was applied. Infiltra- tion decreased from 48 inches per day with clean water to 0.2 inches per day with manure water after 4 months. (Lee-East Central) 1149 - A2, B2, E2, Fl MANURE SLURRY IRRIGATION SYSTEM RECEIVING LOT RUNOFF, Tennessee Univ., KnoxvOle. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. J.I.Sewell.. Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting. Amer- ican Society of Agricultural, Engineers, Hot Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30,1972. Paper no. 72- 443,13p.7fig.5ref. Descriptors: 'Pollution abatement. Runoff, Groundwater, 'Slurries, Irrigation systems, 'Cat- tle, Farm wastes, Waste disposal. Management, Feedlots. Plans for facilities and system design for a manure slurry irrigation system are presented. This system consisting of a storage tank, chopper-agitator- pump unit, flush pits, irrigation pipe and a large sprinkle performed durably in testing and offered possibilities for improved efficiency in manure management. It created a minimum of poUution problems. The operational plans and system costs are outlined. (Fomby-East Central) 1150 - Bl, C5, Dl, Fl, F2 OBSERVATIONS OF DAIRY MANURE HAN- DUNG SYSTEMS, Minnesota Univ.. St Paul. Dent of Agricultural D.W. Bates. Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Spring!, Arkansas. Jmw> n-*).1972. Paper No 72- 413,3 p. Descriptors: 'Watte disposal. 'Waste storage. •Farm wattes. Waste treatment, Cattle, Dairy in- dustry. Identifiers: Stall barn, Stacking system, Bedding, Solid alleys. Slatted alleyt, Liquid manure systems. Became of the need to reduce labor in handling manure, the cost of bedding, and regulations deal- ing with the handling and disposition of animal manure, old manure disposal methods are being, replaced by new. Various systems for the daily ' " win depend somewhat on whether the faimer hat a stall barn or free-stall bam. Slatted or solid alleys, automatic scrapers, and a new manure pump which forces manure from a collection point in the ban through a pipe to an external manure pit for storage and later removal are discussed. Storage capacity it an important facet for dairymen, particularly in the colder regions of the country. Advantage* of figuring construction costs prior to building, and disadvantages of 'adding on' are discussed. (Dudley-East Central) 1151 - A6, A9, Bl IMPROVED BEEF CONFINEMENT FACILI- TIES THROUGH PIT VENTILATION AND TEMPERED AIR INTAKES, Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, Minn. M. Nabben. Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs, Arkansas. June 27-30, 1972, Paper No. 72-449,7 p. Descriptors: 'Ventilation, 'Farm •Vinuet, Animal diseases. Cattle. Identifiers: Fogging, Velometer test. wastes. 332 image: ------- The high incidence of virus pneumonia in animals with cough problems in a feeder beef cattle herd prompted the owner and veterinarian to seek the cause and solution. They believed that the ventila- tion system (which is described in detail) was the main factor causing illness. The air flow patterns in the building were rearranged; exhaust fans were installed to remove gases created in the liquid manure pit; and electric heaters were installed in every fresh air intake to eliminate fogging. Before these changes were made, there was a 10% death loss of cattle and frequent visits were made by the veterinarian. After the changes were made (during the 1971-72 winter), there were no deaths nor veterinarian trips. (Dudley-East Central) 1152 - Bl, D4 PERPORMANCE OP BEEP ANIMALS AS AP- FECTED BY CROWDING AND THERMAL BN. VDtONMENT DURING A PALL-WINTER PERIOD, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. O. W. A. Mahoney, A. F. Butchbaker, and J. I. Fryrear. Paper presented at 63th Annual Meeting, Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No, 72-426.18 p. J fig, I tab. 6 ref. • "W «w Descriptors: Production, Cattle, Windbreaks, 'Oxidation lagoons, 'Waste water treatment, •Farm wastes, Productivity, Feeds. Identifiers: Crowding, Slotted floors, Weight gain. Results of feed trials made in fall-winter periods of 1969-1972 are reported. The objectives of these tri- als were: (1) Compare production snd feed con- sumption for 3 levels of crowding, (2) Compare production and feed consumption rates for cattle on slotted floors with wind breaks and shades with cattle in open cattle pens. (3) Determine per- formance of a cattle waste oxidation ditch for fall- winter operation In the Southwest. Corresponding results were: (I) Maximum gains and feed efficien- cy were obtained at approximately 20-22 square feet per animaL (2) Weight gain of cattle on slotted floors was not significantly greater than those in open pens, (3) Cold weather freezing indicated' that enclosure of oxidation ditches might be neces- sary for their effective use in the Southwest (Marquard-East Central) 1153 - Bl, C5 MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OP ENERGY METABOLISM IN BEEP ANIMALS, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. M. D. Paine, I. A. Witt, A. F. Butchbaker, C. M. Bacon, and J. E. McCroskey. Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting, Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30, 1972, Paper No 7Mlu725p,8fig.2tab.2«ref. ^^ Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Mathematical models, •Energy, Systems analysis, Farm wastes, Cattle, •Animal metabolism. Identifiers: Bioenergetics. A mathematical model is presented that deter- mines the amount of energy gained and lost in a feedlot situation by using a systems approach. Validation of the complete model indicated that more experience with model parameters will be necessary. However, the model did show potential for making valid estimates of animal growth and feed consumption. Possible applications of the model are demonstrated and discussed. Figures and tables Ust feedlot variables considered and predictions vs. experimental data in determining the validity of this mathematical model. (Marqiurd-East Central) 1154 - Bl, CS WINTER AND SUMMER SHELTER FOR BEEF CATTLE IN LOUISIANA, Louisiana State Univ.. Alexandria. Dean Lee Agricultural Center. J. Pontif, W. A. Nipper. A. F. Loyacano, ud H. I. Bnud. Paper presented at 1972 Annual Meeting. Amer- ican Society of Agricultural Engineers, Hot Springs, Arkansas, June 27-JO, 1972. Paper No 72- 425,23 p, 6 fig, 7 tab, 6 ref. Deicripton: 'Feed lots. 'Farm wastes. •Loui- siana, Windbreaks. •CHnuitei, Cattle, Feedlots. Identifiers: Shehers, Pans. The purpose was IP learn what advantage in feedlot performance of fattening cattle could be attribute* to winter sbflttr and tunqwr shade and teas under Louisiana feedlot conditions. Experi- mental procedures an detailed- Finding* an re- ported in figures and ubks. It was found that (1) winter roofs did not improve gain, (2) windbreaks were detrimental to daily galas became they prevented drying of wet floors, (3) fans did not in- crease gains, and (4) summer shades wen most beocfkii) in promoting gains. (Marqwrd-East Central) _ • . 1155 - Cl THE FATE OF SOLUBLE MUCHIN IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP, Cambridge Univ. (England). Dept. of Veterinary Clinical Studies. J.F.Hecker. Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol 80, p 63-69 1973,4 tab, 46 ref. ' Descriptor*: 'Nitrogen. 'Sheep. Enzymes, Hydrolysis. Identifiers: 'Soluble mucins, 'T.C.A.-soluble mu- cin. Rumen liquor. Caecal liquor. Faecal liquor, Oaitro-intestina) tracts. Fucose, Rhamnose, Hex- o»e. Methyl pentose. Histology. Tbc fate of soluble mucins in the gastro-intesunal tract of sheep was determined. Incubation of a soluble mucin with liquor from large intestinal contents resulted in loss of mucin. Some of this loss was due to soluble enzymes.'The loss of mucin was less when incubation was with rumen liquor and varialbe when with ileal liquor. The mean amounts of nitrogen in a soluble mucin frac- tion which was soluble in iricbloroacetic acid (T.C.A.~K>liible mucin) were 2.3,7.3, and 20.0 mg per 100 ml in rumen, caecal and faecal liquors respectively. These amounts were only a small proportion of the total soluble nitrogen in these fluids. Amounts of T.C-A.-soluble mucin, mea- sured by sugar content, were greatest in contents from the small intestine. .When the amounts of T.C-A.-sotuble mucin were compared with the amounts of lignin in the samples, there was an in- crease between the aboniasum and the tint part of the small intestine and than a decrease to the caecu. Amounts relative to lignin were low in other parts of the (astro-intestinal tract. The liquors was in ileal. liquor. The presence of the methyl pen- loses, fucose and rhamnose indicates that the T.C.A.-soiuble mucin is derived from mucus and bacteria. (East-Central) 11561 - A2, C5, El KS&S1? ""OSSES AND FERTILIZE* PRESER- VATION IN MANURE STACKING PRACTICE? Wisconsin Univ.. Madison. Dept. of Agricultural engineering. T. S. Hsu. C. O. Cramer, and J. C, Converse. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper No, 72-442,1972.23p. 8 tab, 11 fig.. IS ref Descriptors: 'Seepage, ' 'Farm wastes. Cattle, •Solid wastes, Organic matter, 'Nutrients, Nitrogen, Physical properties, Chemical proper- ties, Volatility, Degradation (Decomposition), Dairy, 'Waste disposal, 'Waste storage. Wiscon- sin, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical ox- ygen demand. Identifiers: 'Manure stacking, Bedding, Steam distillation method. A model study of manure stacking using a 3x3 fac- torial design with two replicates was conducted to determine the effect of type and amount of bedding on seepage losses, manure degradation and volumes. Corn stalks and oat straw were util- ized in the experiment at 3 levels: (1) the control (no bedding), (2) the addition of 1.5 Ib. of bedding material per 60 Ib of fresh manure, and (3) the ad .dition of 3.0 Ib. of bedding material per 60 Ib. of fresn manure. The following conclusions were reached: the addition of bedding material to fresh manure decreases the losses of organic matter, solids, and nutrients in the seepage from the manure stacks; corn stalks significantly reduce the losses of seepage and nitrogen, COD, BOD, and solids in the seepage while oat straw does not; a high percentage of organic matter, nutrients and ' solids are preserved in the stacks; and higher quantities of BODS, COD, solids, and nutrients were lost in the seepage from the stacks with a lower level of treatment before the freezing period and immediately after the spring thaw. Experimen- tal procedures and results are outlined. (Dudley- East Central) 1157 — Bl, Dl, El, F2, F4 CANADA ANIMAL WASTE MANAGE- MENT GUIDE, Canada Committee on Agricultural Engineering. Canada Animal Waste Management Guide, Cana- da Animal Waste Management Guide Commit- tee under the authority of Canada Committee on Agricultural Engineering. 57 p, 1972. 9 tab., 4 fig., appendices. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Produc- tion, 'Design, 'Management, Pollution, Manure utilization. Nitrogen, Farm lagoons, Aerated lagoons. Aerobic treatment, anaerobic digestion, •Waste storage, 'Waste disposal, Dehydration, Incineration, Zoning. Regulations, Legal aspects. Equipment, Fertilizers, Canada. Identifiers: 'Canada legislation. Dead bird dis- posal, Composting. Current Canadian practices which provide rea- sonable approaches to handling animal wastes were compiled with particular emphasis on using the land as a recycling system. Detailed information is given for (1) manure manage- ment, (2) utilization of manure in crop pro- duction, (3) site selection, zoning and building construction of manure handling systems, and ttl processing of animal wastes. Relevant leg- islation on animal waste management in each province and addresses of equipment manu- facturers are also Included. (Dudley - East Central). 1158 - A2, B2, E2 T° M°VE 'EM OR CAN M Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebr N.Swanson. Nebraska Farmer, p 13, 15, February 3, 1973, 1 Descriptors: 'Feed Iota. Runoff, 'Waste storage. •Waste disposal. 'Water pollution control, ' Identifiers: SCS Rural Environmental Assistance Program. By using help from government agencies it is possible to control runoff from feed lot, which previously might have had to relocate. A, an ex ample, the Soil Conservation Service and agncd- 333 image: ------- tural engineers developed a dike system for a problem feedlot on the banks of a stream. The dike prevents runoff and floods and provides weather protection for the cattle. A basin collects the ru- noff which is then pumped into a sump and then the water is disposed of by irrigation. The solids are spread across the top and slopes of broad- basin terraces or mounded in the feedlot. (Marquard-East Central) 1159 - Bl, Dl, El METHODS OF SWINE MANURE DISPOSAL, Illinois Univ., Urtoana. A.J. Muehling. In: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Agricul- tural Experiment Station, Special Report 316, p 10-13, December 1970. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Management. •Waste disposal, 'Hogs, Lagoons. Irrigation, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Solid floors with bedding, Slotted floors. Due to new anti-pollution laws, swine producers are compelled to plan ahead before enlarging or building new facilities for their swine. Guidelines for planning such facilities are accompanied by descriptions of the following manure handling systems: (I) solid floors with bedding - store and haul, (2) slotted floors - store and haul, (3) slotted floors - combination of lagoon and hauling, (4) slotted floors - oxidation ditch-lagoon, (S) flushing gutter-lagoon-irrigation. (Dudley-East Central) 1160 - A2, C2, C3, C4, C5 CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FEEDLOT SURFACE RUNOFF, J. C. Ward, E. M. Jex, and T. E. Norton. Typescript, (1970), 4 p, 1 tab. Descriptors: 'Feed lots, 'Surface runoff, Dis- solved solids. Biochemical oxygen demand. •Cat- tle, Conductivity, Hydrogen ion concentration, Water pollution sources. Identifiers: Volatile solids, Van't Hoff-Arrhenius relationship, Onsager equation. This study has two parts: (1) the complete mixing of cattle manure with distilled water to obtain characteristics of the manure, and (2) examination of surface runoff samples from cattle fcedlots in order to ascertain their characteristics as a func- tion of several hydrologic variables. In part 1, the supernatant from samples was examined for con- ductivity, pH, dissolved solids, volatile solids, and BOD. In part 2, a simulated rainfall apparatus was utilized to obtain runoff samples. These samples were analyzed on the spot and in the laboratory for ultimate BOD, conductivity, alkalinity, settteable suspended solids, volatile solids, and dissolved solids. (Dudley-East Central) 1161 - A9 COMMON MISUNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT HEATED DISCHARGES, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Southeast Region, Atlanta, Ga. C. B. Wurtz. In CLEAN WATER FOR THE NATION'S ESTUARIES, Transcript of Public Meeting, Biloxi, Mississippi, January 17,1968, p 4. Descriptors: •Hydroelectric plants, 'Heated water, •Ecology, 'Aquatic animals, 'Thermal pollution, Predation, Pathogenic bacteria. Physiological ecology. Animal metabolism, Animal parasites. Water quality. Bacteria, Electric powerplants, En- gineering structures. Industrial plants. Structures, Powerplants. Afterbays, Spawning, Wildlife, Dis- solved oxygen, Fish, Animals, Aquatic life, Food chains. Water types. Fisheries, Public health, Microorganisms, Plants. The author describes five common misunderst- nadings about the effects of heated discharges on aquatic life. These misunderstandings relate to the belief that an increase in water temperature will: (I) Cause a reduction in the capacity of the water to retain dissolved oxygen. (2) Cause a deteriora- tion in the 'quality' of the biological community, i.e., less desirable species of organisms will replace more desirable species. This is usually argued a* an increase of only two or three degrees without any scale being mentioned. (3) Cause fish to spawn earlier, and at a time when suitable food organisms for survival of the young stages will not be present. (4) Change metabolic rates to the extent that in- dividual organisms will be living under conditions of physiological stress, and thus be vulnerable to adverse conditions they may have otherwise re- sisted. (5) Cause an increase in the numbers of predators, parasites, and/or pathogens, and thus cause significant deterioration of a fisheries resource or create a public health hazard. 1162 - C3, E2 PERSISTENCE OF MANURE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL, Arizona Univ., Tuscon. Dept. of Soils, Water and Engineering. I. L. Abbott, and T. C. Tucker. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol 37, No 1, p 60-63, January-February. 1973.1 fig, 5 tab, II ref. Descriptors: 'Fertility, 'Waste disposal, •Phosphorus, Nitrogen, 'Calcareous soils. Cot- ton, Barley, Alfalfa, Arizona, Cycling nutrients. Identifiers: 'Plant nutrition. Pollution control. The contribution of P from manure to Calcareous soils was studied on a Mohave clay loam. Manure treatments involved different amounts and frequency of manure application, and were split with nitrogen variables of 0, 84, and 168 kg/ha. Total P content of manures ranged from 3-3 kg per metric ton during the course of study. The results indicated that manure is an effective source of P as illustrated by the increased P content of cotton, barley, and alfalfa tissue as well as soil analysis. Manuring at 2 or 3 year intervals at 22 metric tons/ha assures adequate P availability, while P availability from phosphate fertilizers may be negligible over the same period. (Marquard-East Central) 1163 - D2, D3, E3, F5 ACTIVATED SLUDGE AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN, Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Chemical En- gineering. A. S. Al-Zakri, and A. L. Frey. Paper No. 72-581, presented at 1972 Winter Meet- ing, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago. Illinois. December 11-15, 1972, 18 p, 3 tab., 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Activated sludge. Bacteria, 'Proteins, Amino acids, Nitrogen, Iowa. 'Sewage treatment, Freezethaw tests, 'Extraction, E. coli, Recycling. 'Waste treatment Identifiers: Bacillus megaterium, Biuret reaction. Activated sludge from • municipal sewage treat- ment plant was extremely high in protein content A clear solution obtained from settled activated sludge was frozen and then dried in an oven to yield a solid containing by weight 16.25% nitrogen. A purified protein form was derived through a complicated extracting process. This protein com- pared favorably with whole cow's milk in animo acid contents. Extraction methods involved are expensive, but another technique, treatment for bacterial breakdown as required with recycling to anim«i. is promising. (Frantz-East Central) 1164 - A9, E3 SALMONELLA IN THE LAYING HEN. I. SAL- MONELLA RECOVERY FROM VISCERA, FECES AND EGGS FOLLOWING ORAL IN- OCULATION, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept. of Poultry Science. N. A. Cox, B. H. Davis, A. B. Watts, and A. R. Colour. Poultry Science, Vol 52, No 2, p 661-666, March, 1973,3 tab, 21 ref. Descriptors: 'Salmonella, 'Farm wastes, •Poultry, Bacteria, Diseases, Analysis, Tissues,4 •Contamination, Eggs. Identifiers: Inoculation, Seftenberg, Thompson, Typhimurium. A study was made to determine the fate of Sal-' moneUa organisms after ingestion by the laying hen. Three species of Salmonella were used, i.e., senftenberg, thompson and typhimurium. Approx- imately one million cells of each species were in- troduced into the crop of 12 White Leghorn type laying hens for 10 days. The trials involving each species were carried out consecutively with thorough disinfection of equipment between trials. From each hen, feces and eggs were analyzed daily for Salmonella for the 10 day period. At the end of the 10 day trial a sample of blood was drawn from each hen for Salmonella analysis. In addition, the bens were slaughtered and a sample of the ovaries, kidneys, heart, liver and lungs was aseptkaDy removed for analysis. Approximately 25% of the fecal samples contained the species of Salmonella under study. The percentage of posi- tive recoveries from egg shells was less than 10% for all three species studied. Among the egg con tents examined for all three species, only one egg yielded a positive recovery. All tissue sample!. were negative. It was concluded that there was DO contamination of body tissues even after continu- ous ingestion of large doses of Salmonella organ- ismi. Neither was there a problem of egg meat contamination among intact eggs. (East Central) 1165 - A7, A8 FLY CONTROL AND CHRONIC TOXICITY FROM FEEDING DURSBAN (0,0-DIETHYL 0-3, S, 6-TRICHLORO-Z-PYRTOYL FHOSPHOROTHIOATE) TO LAYING HENS, Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Coll of Tropical Agricul- ture. M. Sherman, and R. B. Herrick. Poultry Science. Vol 52, No 2, p 741-747, March, 1973,3 tab. 3 fig, 12 ref. Descriptors: 'Pesticide toxicity, 'Farm wastes, •Poultry. Larvae, Feeds. Additives. Identifiers: Dursban, 'Fry control. The effects of administering technical Dursban at concentration of 25,50, and 200 ppm in the feed of laying hens were studied over • 52 week period. The estimated mean daily intake of Dursban was 2.48, S.12, and 20.44 mg. per hen for those receiv- ing 25. 50, and 200 ppm, respectively. Dursban at 50 ppm resulted in excellent control of larvae of Muse* domestic* L., Fannia pusio (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacepbala (F.), and Boettcbcritca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) but poly moderate control of Panuarcophaga argyrottoma (Robinetu-Desvoidy). No hen mortality occurred that could be attributed to the insectiddal treat- ment. There was • direct relationship between Dursban concentration and blood plasma cbolinesterase inhibition. However, overall feed consumption, body weight, egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, interior egg quality, and shell thickness were normal. Eggs from treated bens bad no detectable off-flavors or off-odors. (East Central) 334 image: ------- 1166 - Al, E2, F2, F4 HOW MUCH MANURE PER ACME. E. D. Anderson. The Farm Quarterly, Vol 27, No 5, p 44-4S Fall 1972. 2 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal. Hogs, Cattle, 'Cycling nutrients, 'Fertilizers, Groundwater pollution, 'Legal aspects, Nitrates, Productivity, Potassium, Phosphorus, Regulation! Toxicity. The laws of many states reflect concern over the harmful effects of manure on soil and water. Specific regulations for Kansas, Missouri, and In- diana are discussed. Concern is also reflected in university studies. One study was conducted at Michigan State University to determine a feasible rate of manure application. Manure applications at rates of 10, 20, and 30 tons per acre were made an- nually from 1963 to 1971 to Conover-Hodunk loan and Metea sandy loam. Soil samples were "taken, corn yields were recorded, and mineral analyses of the com were made. The optimum rate for apply- ing manure to sandy loam was 10 tons per acre. Higher rates posed the hazard of nitrate con- tamination of ground water and buildup of availa- ble nitrogen and potassium. (Dudley-East Central) 1167 - Al, Bl, F3 AGRICULTURAL WASTES-A MANAGEMENT PROBLEM. Ohio State Univ., Columbus. E. P. Taiganides. In: Frontiers in Conservation, Proceedings, 24th Annual Meeting, Soil Conservation Society of America, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. August 10-13,1969.p90-92, (1969)2 fig. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Pollution, *Waste disposal, Subsidy, Chemicals, Confinement pens, •Municipal wastes, 'Management. Identifiers: Urban-rural interface. Our nation's fundamental problems are poverty, pollution, population, and politics. It is necessary to have integrated and coordinated management of resources at the urban-rural interface to prevent environmental pollution. Although particular at- tention is given to waste management from animal confinement units, all production systems create waste. Regardless of the source-urban or rural- all of these wastes are either organic or inorganic and either solid or liquid. The wastes from all rural and urban areas must be considered as a regional problem whose solution will need the cooperation of the agricultural, industrial, urban, and other political sectors of the nation. A need exists to demonstrate the benefits of cooperation between the rural and urban sectors with an integrated re- gional scheme of using agricultural soils and non- productive rural land for waste disposal. (Dudley- East Central) 1168 - A2, A4, AS, E2, F2 CALIFORNIA WASTE PONDS ARE PASSING THE TEST, M L. Elam. Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 118, No 5, p 311 362 March 10,1973, 3 fig. Descriptors: 'Irrigation storage ponds, Leaching, Effluent, Nitrates, Salts, Leakage, Pump, Recycling, Dairy industry, 'California, 'Waste' water (Irrigation), Fertilizers, 'Farm wastes. Three California researchers have supported waste ponds as safe and legal means by which dairymen may eliminate waste drainage problems. It is doubtful if the use of waste ponds norms other water supplies. They have little odor and insect production, may be minimized. In a wide variety of soils tested, seepage and transfer of nitrogen and salts into soil were not problems. Farm wastes were easily applied to adjacent cropland The researchers recommended the use of fifty gallons of water per cow each day and the partial empty- "^ '<"" * '* «*• 1169 — Al, E2 CROP YIELDS FROM LAND RECEIV- ING LARGE MANURE APPLICA- TIONS. Texas A & M University, CoUege Station, Texas, and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, El Paao, Texas, and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Pecos. Texas, respectively. D. L. Reddell, P. J. Lyerly, and J. J. Hefner, Presented at 1972 Winter Meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, nil- 2?.;« December 11-15, 1972, 14 p.. Paper No. 72-960, 7 tab,. 2 fig.. $ ref. Descriptors: 'Application methods. 'Cultivation, •Crop yiejd. Nitrates. Forage, Salinity, 'Farm wastes. Cattle, 'Waste disposal. Texas, Ground water. Irrigation, Aquifer, 'Fertilizers. Moisture content. Nutrients. The objectives were to evaluate the pollution and crop growth due to deep plowing large amounts of beef manure. Two problems faced by feed lot operators have been finding suf- ficient land on which to use large quantities of feed lot waste and contending with the ex- C5??v?. "Unity of such waste. Three locations with Hoban silly clay loam, and Vinton fine sandy loam were used and graduated amounts of waste up to 900 tons per acre were appUed at depths of 14 to 36 inches. Rates of applica- tion and nitrate contents of crops yielded are recorded. Results of the study show peak yield and nitrate composition of crops to be on those acres with 25 and 50 tons of farm waste However. In all locations researchers found that tores with 900 tons per acre yielded more than the check plot (0 tons per acre) and that those most heavily laden plots presented no major surface water pollution problem. (Frantz - East Central). 1170 - A4, Bl, C3, E2 POLLUTION LOADS IN PERCOLATE WATER FROM SURFACE SPREAD SWINE WASTES. CoUege Park- Dept °' A«ricul- H.L.Brodie. Water Resources Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Technical Report No, 13. October 1972. 25 p, 1 fig, 6tab,21ref.OWRRA-019-MO(l). Descriptors: •Groundwater pollution, •Farm wastes. 'Hogs, •Percolation, 'Flood irrigation, •Waste disposal. Nitrogen, Chemical oxygen de- mand, Phosphates, Chlorides, Sutfates, Maryland. The effectiveness of the soil as a receptor for the concentrations of nutrients and organics in periodic high rate flood applications of liquid swine wastes was investigated. A lysimeter was used (or collecting soil percolate waters after Hood application of liquid waste or tap water and after rainfall in order to test the soil as a high-rate physi- cal and biological filter for liquid swine wastes. Samples of the saturated flow were removed at depths of 25, 50, and 75 centimeters in the profile and tested for concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, chloride, total phosphate, and sulfate. The concentrations were compared with the concentrations of the applied liquid to determine net decrease of concentration through the toil profile. Results indicated that flood irrigation can lead to groundwater pollution. (Marquard-East Central) 1171 - E3 MONFORT LOOKS AT TREATED MANURE FOR TILE AND PLASTIC. Calf News, Vol 10, No 8, p 4, August, 1972. Descriptors: Feed lots. Plastics, 'Tiles, Insulation •Farm wastes, 'Recycling, Waste disposal' •Waste treatment, 'Ohio. Identifiers: 'Pyrolysis, Building materials. Because future laws may restrict land application of feedlot manure, one feedlot has decided to use its wastes in a pyrolysis process to manufacture tile. While this will be the first commercial field test, laboratory results show that the product is su- perior to conventional tile. By using different pro- portions of manure and ground glass most building materials or insulation can be made. (Marquard- East Central) 1172 - D4, E3, F2 OXIDATION DITCH IS CATTLE FEED SOURCE. Beef, Vol 8, No 2, p 24, October, 1971. Descriptors: Oxidation lagoons, 'Feeds, 'Ef- fluent, Cattle, Aerobic bacteria, Proteins, 'Waste treatment, 'Recycling, Iowa. Effluent from an oxidation ditch was used as a feed source. A feed acceptance test found that animals on the effluent ration consumed signifi- cantly more feed. The United States Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administra- tion found the carcasses acceptable but warned that further tests must be run before commercial operators can use the effluent as a feed source. One limiting factor has been the protein level: regular feed rations contain under 20% protein while this effluent contains 46.8% protein. (Marquard-East Central) 1173 - AS, Dl NEW ODOR CONTROL PROJECT. Calf News, Vol 10, No 7, p 22, July, 1972. Descriptors: 'Odor, Waste disposal, 'Feed lots. •Lagoons, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potas- sium, Ash, Cattle, 'Farm wastes, *Air pollution, •Waste treatment, 'Oklahoma. A new product to control odor and reduce manure volume from feedlots is now being produced by RAD Limited, Inc., of Yale, Oklahoma. The product works on dead organic matter only; and in treated lagoons, no odor gases are produced. On the feedlots, dry solids are decomposed to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and ash. Further tests will determine the proper amounts to be used to prevent a cracking problem which is now en- countered in the lagoons. (Marquard-East Central) 1174 -.82, D2, E2, Fl LIQUID WASTE SEEPS FROM ONE BASIN TO ANOTHER. Feedlot Management. Vol 13, No 6. p 56-57, June, Descriptors: Aquifer, Cattle, 'Farm wastes. Feed lots. Fertilizers, Irrigation systems, 'Settling basins, 'Lagoons, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Water pollution control, Nebraska. In the waste handling system manure solids and liquids go into a 'debris basin' where solids settle to the bottom. The liquid passes through a rock- filled retaining wall, seeps through a median strip to the 'blackwater basin,' and is pumped back up hill onto land. It is then channeled through irriga- tion outlets to surrounding croplands where it seeps into the ground, gives up its plant food nutrients, goes to an underground aquifer and eventually deposits pollution-free water into the Missouri River. Total cost of the feedlot, including the MOO per acre cost of the pollution control system (built with farm labor and equipment most farmers have available) amounted to $27,000-$27 per animal. (Hisle-East Central) 335 image: ------- 1175 - F2 ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL, Montana State Dept. of Health, Helena. Div. of Environmental Sanitation. C. W. Brinck. in: Montana Agriculture - Focus on Improving the Environment, (Proceeding!), College of Great Falls, December 3-4.1970, p 41 -43. (1970). iiescriptors: 'Water law, 'Regulation, 'Permits, •Peed lots, Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Water pollution control, Cattle, 'Montana. Montana water pollution laws are traced from 1907 through the 1970 regulation attempt to require feedlot location permits by 1973. Permits are to be issued on the basis of proximity of the feedlot to its neighbors, the possibility of odors being carried toward urban areas, fly problems, prevention of drainage to streams, the pollution of underground water and the potential for good feedlot main- tenance. Permits will be required for all new con- struction. For existing feedlots, it is proposed that a permit be required for any feedlot located closer than one mile to the boundary of an incorporated city or town within one year after passage of the regulation. (Hisle-East Central) 1176 - El ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL, Connecticut Agricultural 'Experiment Station. New Haven Dept. of Soil and Water. C.R. Frink. Compost Science, p 14-15, November-December. 7ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal, Water pollution. Nitrates, Nutrients, Sewage treatment, 'Fertilizers, 'Farm practices. Recent data show that manure applied to field crops does not improve yields enough to offset the cost of hauling and spreading. Alternatives are (1) stop producing manure, (2) hide it on the 'back for- ty.' or (3) place it in a sewage treatment plant. These are not acceptable because we need the food produced by the animals, 'hiding it' may con- taminate drinking water, and sewage treatment is too expensive. With alternative methods ex- hausted, the data must be re-examined for applica- tion of manure to field crops. Studies indicate that improved agronomic practices will increase the ef- ficiency of nitrogen utilization and reduce the total nitrogen imparted on the farm. It is also suggested that, when feasible, animal wastes be applied to forest lands. (Marquard-East Central) 1177 - A2, E2 DISPOSAL OF BEEF FEEDLOT WASTES ONTO .CROPLAND, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. H. L. Manges, L. S. Murphy, and E. H. Goering. Paper No. 72-961, presented at 1972 Winter Meet- ing, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illinois, December 11-15, 1972, 12 p, 5 fig, 1 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal, Cat- tle, 'Feed lots, Runoff. 'Rates of application, 'Ir- rigation, Corn (Field), Soil properties, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Salinity. Identifiers: Greensberg silty clay loam, Plant population, Forage yields. A series of field plots were established to deter- mine the influence of waste loading rates on corn forage yield and on soil properties. Separate field plots of Greensberg silty clay loam soil were established for disposal of runoff and manure. Ru- noff was applied to the land during the irrigation season; manure was spread after corn harvest and plowed under to a depth of 12 inches. Corn was surface planted on these plots with no pre-irriga- tion. Herbicides were used to control weeds, and irrigation water (from a well} supplemented runoff treatments and provided adequate moisture for the manure plots. The plants were counted to evaluate effect* of treatments on population; the forage was weighed when ready for ensiling; and soil samples were taken at a depth of 10 feet, with ad- litional samples at 3 feet in the manure plots, prior to corn planting, to assess decomposition of the manure. Conclusions were that corn plant popula- tion decreases linerily with increasing accumu- lated feedlot waste loadings; annual application of 10 inches of feedlot runoff gave maximum com forage yields; and land disposal of feedlot wastes can lead to saline soil conditions and high nitrate- nitrogen concentrations in the soil profile. (Hisle- East Central) 1178 - AS, Bl, C5 ODOR CONTROL MAY BE A BIG CONCERN, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. J. C. Converse. Hoard's Dairyman, Vol 118, No 13, p 819, July 10, 1973. U.S. Patent No 3,744,637, 5 p, 2 fig. 7 ref; Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, Vol 912, No 2, p 530, July 10.1973. Descriptors: 'Patents, Equipment, 'Aeration, Separation techniques, 'Waste water treatment, Water pollution control, Pollution abatement, Water quality control, 'Baffles. Identifiers: Clarification. A waste treatment tank has a baffle dividing it into an aeration and a clarification section. Air flow is introduced into the tank at the bottom of the baffle in the aeration section and at the top of the baffle in the clarification section. Aeration section air flow creates a circulatory mixture flow upward along the lower wall surface of the baffle. Air in- troduced into the clarification section skims sewage solids from that section and forces solids into the aeration tank section. (Sinha-OEIS) 1179 - A2, B2, D2, E2, FI THE PRICE TAG TO STOP FEEDLOT BUN- -OFF, Beef, Vol 8, No 8, p 6-7, April, 1972.4 tab. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Waste disposal, •Feed lots, Settling basins, Lagoons, Irrigation, Nutrients, Runoff, Diversion structures, Terraces (Agricultural), Missouri, 'Installation costs, •Operating costs, Cattle. A Missouri engineer calculates the cost of a system to prevent feedlot run-off at 51,000 to $3,500 plus $300 to $600 yearly operation costs. His system consists of a diversion terrace to catch run-off, a settling basin to eliminate most solid waste in run-off, and a lagoon to hold run-off water. Irrigation equipment to pump run-off to ad- jacent farmland is included in the cost. Pumping rates vary and liquid may be distributed by gated pipe, hand carried sprinklers, or traveling Big Gun systems. The lagoon, ranging from 110,000 cubic feet upward, requires an earthen dam. Costs on all aspects of the system have been itemized in table: according to capacity lot sized from 200 to 1,200 head. (Frantz-East Central) 1180 - A2, Bl, CS, Dl, Fl CATTLE FEEDLOT POLLUTION STUDY, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources Center. D. M. Wells, E. A. Coleman, W. Grub, R. C. Albin, and G. F. Meenaghan. Interim Report No. 1 to Texas Water Quality Board. November. 1969.34 p. 6 fig, 11 tab. Descriptors: "Cattle, 'Feed lots, 'Farm wastes, •Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, Runoff, Precipitation, Water pollution. Irrigation, Percola lion. Waste storage. Ponds, Management. Biochemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen, Aerobic treatment, Anaerobic digestion, Field crops. Ger- mination, Texas, Cattle, Identifiers: Flushing. Alternative feedlot management and waste disposal systems were evaluated and agronomic studies were conducted for the economic utiliza- tion or treatment of feedlot wastes. Both dirt and concrete-surfaced feedlots were used in a conven- tional manner. It was tentatively concluded that 'conventional aerobic treatment processes are not economically feasible solutions to the problem of treatment and disposal of cattle feedlot runoff resulting from natural precipitation; that runoff from feedlots operated in a conventional manner is not suitable for direct application as irrigation on most field crops; that anaerobic treatment processes offer the best hope for treatment of feedlot runoff; and that storage of feedlot runoff in unlined ponds and treatment and disposal of feedlot runoff on agricultural lands may pose a hazard to groundwater pollution. Recommenda- tions were that further study be given to the possi- bility of changing feedlot practices to provide for daily flushing and treatment by conventional 'means; that the agronomic studies be continued to determine safe rates of application and safe dilu- tion factors for selected crops; and that the infil- tration studies be continued and expanded to in- clude the analyses of cores taken in the vicinity of storage ponds and the construction and operation 1181 - A2, C5, D4, E3 SALMON THAT NEED NEVER SEE THE SEA, Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. T. L. Meade. The American Fish Farmer, Vol 4, No 5, p 9-10, April. 1973,3 fig. Descriptors: 'Recirculated water, 'Salmon, Rhode Island. Identifiers: 'Controlled environment, 'Toxic wastes, Denitrification column. A system capable of raising salmon in a controlled environment was developed. Salmon were cul- tured in this controlled environment from incuba- tion of eggs through the grow-out phase. This facility is outdoors and consists of four insulated silo-like tanks, 5 feet in diameter and 12 feet high. These tanks provide two separate culture units, each consisting of two tanks and associated biological filters, pumps, refrigeration, heating, and oxygen units. The system is essentially closed with continuous reuse of the water until the buil- dup of nitrate nears an unacceptable level. The results of these studies have seen incorporated in the design of a denitrification column which, when placed in operation, should eliminate the need to discharge water from the system. (Hisle-East Cen- tral) 1182 - C4, C5, D2, E3 BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING WET AND DRIED POULTRY FECES, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Poultry Science. H. C. Zindel, T. S. Chang, and G. R. Carter. Journal Article No. 5928, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 1972,4 p, 2 ref. Descriptor!: 'Farm wastes, 'Dehydration, •Poultry, 'Bacteria, 'Chemical analysis. Recycling, Incubation, Michigan. The accurate analysis of feces, both wet and dry, •for chemical and bacteriological content is impor- tant since animal feces is a raw product which has 336 image: ------- great potential if properly gathered, processed and utilized. When Michigan State University began a dehydration process several years ago, it obtained bacteria count and identification as well as chemi- cal analysis for both wet and dry fecal samples The bacteria present in the feces after the drying process were identified and recorded. Some bac- teria were present after the drying process but they were not thought to be significant because most of them were normal flora in the intestinal tract of chickens and some of them are commonly known contaminants. Their presence either sug- gested that the retention time of the feces in the dryer was not long enough to destroy all bacterial populations or that they were recontaminated while leaving the drying unit. (Hisle-East Central) 1183 - Bl, C5, E2, Fl CONFINEMENT. IN ARIZONA. CaH News. Vol 11, No 3. p 52-53, 68-69. March. Descriptors: 'Farm management, 'Farm wastes, •Confinement pens, 'Feed lots, 'Cattle, Effluent, Waste disposal, Irrigation system. Fertilizers, Al- falfa, Arizona. Arlington Cattle Company decided to expand their Arizona feedlot operations through confinement housing in order to make manure management easier. The following advantages were listed for confinement housing: (1) more economical, (2) easier to handle animals, (3) better working condi- tions, (4) better management of mud, dust, odor, and flies, (5) a savings in manure handling of about $13,000 yearly. The manure system for the n«w facility will be scrapers running lenghwise under the slotted floor barns. Gravity will take the ef- fluent to a pumping station which will move it to cropland where it merges with the flood irrigation system. Alfalfa will be grown on this property owned or controlled by Arlington Cattle Company. (Dudley-East Central) 1184 - Bl. D4( E3 ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HAWAII, Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. G. L. Dugan, R. H. F. Young, and G. Takamiya. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 45, No 4, p 742-750. April. 1973. 1 fig.. 4 Ub.. 22 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, 'Livestock, 'Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, Air pollution. Water pollution, Goundwater pollution. Waste water treatment, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen, Ponds, Drying, Incineration. Recycling, •Hawaii. Identifiers: Subtropical environment. Land spreading, Composting. The unavailability of land suitable for accepting animal excrement near large animal raising facili- ties is a very critical problem in Hawaii. .The problem is intensified by the pollution potential caused by the close proximity of land to the ocean. Various methods of managing animal waste rang- ing from land spreading to drying and incineration are discussed. A waste handling system that seems to be adaptable to a subtropical environment is a hydraulic recycling system incorporating photsynthetic reclamation. The process is based on hydraulic handling of animal excrement; gravi- ty liquid-solids separation; aerobic biological treat- ment in which oxygenation can be accomplished either by the photosynthetic activity of algae or by mechanical aeration; anaerobic biological treat- ment; and harvesting algae from the aerobic phase, which provides the potential for nutrient recovery in the form of a high-protein animal feed supplement. (Dudley-East Central) 1185 - Al, Bl, Fl ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CON- TROL, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C. J- P. Biniek. In: Frontiers in Conservation, Proceedings 24th Annual Meeting. Soil Conservation Society of America Colorado State University, Fort Collins August 10-13. J969, p 102-106(1969) 1 tab.. lOref. Descriptors: 'Pollution, 'Water pollution •Economics, Herbicides, 'Water pollution con- trol, Animal wastes, Waste disposal. Livestock Feed lot*. Runoff. Waste treatment. Percolation, M&iugcinent. In broad, general terms many problems in the economic area of pollution control are discussed Pollution is defined as 'the unfavorable alteration of our surroundings, wholly or largely as a by- product of man's action.' Many means of ridding ourselves of pollutants often result in furtherttol- lution. The difficulty of securing a balance between production needs and the externalities of economics (the beneficial) and diseconomies (the harmful) is discussed along with the costs of pollu- tion control, the economics of agricultural pollu- economict - 1186 - Dl, El, F2 TBiTnmM.fAND LEGAL CONTROLS FOR Raymond C. Loehr. . -Y- Dept of A«ricul""" o,l *"'« Conference. 9.2fig.Stab.2l ref. Descriptors: »Animal wastes, 'Runoff, 'Manage- ment, •Farm management, 'Aerobic treatment. •Water pollution, 'Water pollution control, •Water pollution treatment, 'Solid wastes, 'Legal aspects. Runoff forecasting. Cattle, Hogs, Poultry. Farm wastes. * ' Identifiers: 'Manure. 'Agricultural runoff Anaerobic lagoons. Several alternatives exist for disposal of animal wastes: ( I ) land disposal of liquids and solids, (2) solids combustion with land disposal of liquid, and (3) discharge of solids and liquids to receiving waten. All these alternatives are potential sources of water pollution. The quality of treated and un- treated animal waste waters, both from a legal point of view and a fanners point of view, are discussed. Animal wastes are normally semi-solid. thus high in BOD. COD, suspended solids, Na, NH3. If rainfall runoff is allowed to mix with the animal wastes, a larger volume of waste will need to be treated. Many states now consider large livestock operations to be industrial processes and require treatment of wastes in such a manner that receiving waters are not harmed by discharge of animal waste waters. Waste water runoff holding ponds are commonly used with intermittent discharge to receiving waten or land disposal. Several processes are used for treatment of animal wastes, the more common being anaerobic lagoons, aerobic lagoons, aerated lagoons, oxidation ditches, or a combination of anaerobic -aerobic treatment. In more arid areas, runoff holding ponds are sometimes satisfactory. Handling and treating animal wastes as a liquid usually involves less labor. less expense, and thus is more commonly found in large livestock operation* where concrete pens are found and confinement is practiced. Since liquid wastes require more treatment, handling the animal wastes directly as a semi-solid with land disposal might be a more economic method. (Makcla-Tex- 1187 - Bl, D4, E3 Washington State Univ.. Pullman. Coll. of En- gineering. Donald £. Proctor. Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference 23rd, 1968, p 554-566.8 fig. Descriptors: 'Animal wastes. Management, *Farm management, 'Dairy industry, 'Algae, 'Cattle Slurries, Spraying, Activated sludge. Farm wastes. ' Identifiers: 'Manure. Anaerobic lagoon, Aerated lagoon. Dairy manure can be either an asset or a liability depending on the farmer's management policies. Increased demand for livestock-derived products, specialization of farm operations, confinement rearing, cheaper chemical fertilizers, urban sprawl and farm area encroachment, and higher aesthetic standards are all facets of the changing problem of manure disposal. Of these changes, confinement rearing is most significant. Not only is the manure concentrated into a smaller area, but rainfall runoff can treble the waste volume to be handled. Two Washington State dairy farms received Federal Demonstration Project Grants, the Knott Dairy Farm of the Washington State University receiving a grant from the FWPCA, and the Monroe Honor Farm of the State of Washington Institutional Farm Industries receiving a grant from the Public Health Service. The two-year project at the Knott Dairy Farm proposed to (1) demonstrate the capabilities of an anaerobic lagoon for first stage treatment of dairy manure, (2) demonstrate the comparative capabilities and economics of activated sludge and naturally aerated lagoons for second stage treat- ment and (3) determine whether it is possible and practical to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the treated effluent by algae propagation and harvesting for use as cattle feed. The Monroe Honor Farm project proposed to (1) demonstrate the capabilities of an anaerobic lagoon for first stage treatment of dairy manure. (Makela-Texas) 1188 - A5, Bl, C3 IDENTIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT ODORS, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept of Chemical Engineering. R. M. Bethea, and R. S. Narayan. Transactions of the ASAE, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, p 1135-1137,1972,2 fig.. 2 tab.. 10 ref. (Order No. T1135). Descriptors: *Air pollution, "Odor, 'Cattle, 'Feed lota, 'Farm wastes, 'Gases, Gas cbromatography. Solubility. Alcohols. Identifiers: Amines, Aldehydes, Esters, Carbon- yls. The qualitative nature of the gases present in the atmosphere around a beef cattle feedlot was stu- died. The selective solubility method was adopted for identification of volatile organic compounds caused by cow manure. Gas chromatographic analysis extended the findings of the solubility tests. A feedlot chamber was set up for a SSO pound steer in order to obtain information about compounds present in the atmosphere of enclosed feedlots. The chamber was managed three ways. One week it was thoroughly cleaned and washed each day. The next week it was shoveled out, but not washed. The third week it was not cleaned at all. During the first phase, only a few odoriferous contaminants were generated. When daily washings were discontinued, indole and skatole were detected in the chamber atmosphere. The number of compounds present in this atmosphere "creased threefold during the last phase. It is in- terred that chamber management has tremendous influence on the organic compounds present in the ere °f " endoiled feedlot D1SPOSAL OF 337 image: ------- 1189 - B3, C3, E2, Fl A FEEDER LOOKS AT ANIMAL WASTE DISPOSAL, Miller Feed Lot, Shepherd. Mont. A. I. Miller. In: Montana Agriculture - Focus on Improving the Environment, (Proceedings), College of Great Falls, December 3-4,1970, p44-46. (1970). Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste disposal, •Feed lots, •Fertilizers, CatUe, Nitrogen. Phosphorus, Silage, Missouri, Montana. January I, 1970, figures are given for the number and size of the nation's feedlots. The possibility of using animal wastes as a fertilizer is emphasized. The Miller Feed Lot analyzed its animal waste to see if it would be profitable as a fertilizer. Its value from the nitrogen phosphorus alone was about $1.00 to $3.00 per ton, so the company decided to sell the fertilizer to the fanners at not over 50 cents per ton. In order to do this quickly, a five yard capacity front-end wheel loader was used to stack •the feu'lizer in expanded pens and to load it on the farmers' trucks. (Hisle-East Central) 1190 - C3 NUTRITIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF DIETARY CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS. AND MAGNESIUM IN SHEEP, Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Animal Science. C. F. Chicco, C. B. Ammerman, J. P. Feaster, and B.G.Dunivant. Journal of Animal Science, Vol 34, No 5, a 986- 993. May 1973.1 fig. 6 tab. 28 ref. Descriptors: 'Calcium, 'Phorphorus, •Magnesi- um, •Sheep, Metabolism. Identifiers: 'Nutritional interrelationships, Plasma. Fecal excretion, Basal diet, Femur deposition. Four experiments were conducted with 116 wethers to study dietary interrelationships of cal- cium, phosphorus and magnesium. Including all experiments dietary level* varied as follows: calci- um 0.13 to 0.78%, phosphorus 0.12 to 0.36%, and magnesium 300 to 7,750 ppm. Treatment effect* on fecal, urinary, plasma and bone mineral levels were obsei ved. In two experiments, the utilization of oral Ca and P wai measured. High dietary calci- um Increased calcium in plasma (P<.05) and fecei (P<.10 to P<.01) and decreased magnesium in bone and plasma (P<.05). High calcium increased fecal phosphorus (P<.01) and tended to reduce plasms phosphorus. Excess dietary magneiium reduced plasma calcium (P<.01), appeared to in- creased fecal loss of calcium but had no effect on bone calcium. High magnesium increased the level of magnesium in urine (P<.01), plasma (P<,05 to P<.01) and bone (P<.05 to P<.01). High dietary phosphorus with a Ca:P ratio of 1:3 increased fecal calcium (P<.OS), but, at a higher level of calcium with a C»:P ratio of 1:1, phosphorus enhanced cal- cium retention. Supplemental phosphorus In- creased plasms phosphorus and reduced plasma calcium (P<.01). (East Central) 1191 - A5, A8, Bl, D4, E2 MOVE TO NEW LOCATION SOLVES MANY PROBLEMS FOR CUSTOM FEEDER, B.W.Manthey. Peedlot Management, Vol 13, No 8, p 34-44, Au- gust, 1971. Descriptors: •Relocation, •Farm wastes, *Feed lots, Arizona, Cattle. Identifiers: Retention pond. Fly parasites. Biologi- cal fly control, Preconditioning, Feeding out and finishing. Ecology and odor complaints from residents living near the Phoneix stockyards plus the problem of disposing economically of cattle wastes in an urban area were only two of the reasons why the Producers Livestock Marketing Association built a new feedlot of Maricopa. Another factor was plentiful nearby farmland which could absorb cat- tle-produced wastes in the new location at a fair return. The new feedlot was graded to include an anti-pollution pond for bacterial and anaerobic breakdown of animal wastes and for retention of the effluent on the land. A detailed description of the construction of the feedlot is given. Both the feeding put and finishing cattle process, and the preconditioning of stackers and feeders are discussed. Gnats (2 or 3 kinds that come from Africa) are used for biological fly control (Dudley-East Central) 1192 - A2, Bl, F2, F4 IMPLICATIONS OF WATER QUALITY LAWS FOR THE FEEDLOT INDUSTRY, Oklahoma State Univ.. Stillwater. Dept. of Agricul- tural Economics. Ron E. Shaffer, and Daniel E. Badger. Oklahoma Current Farm Economics, March 1970, Vol43,No I,p 3-11.2 tab, 19ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, •Pollution abatement, 'Water management (Applied), 'Water Quality Act, 'Environmental effects. Lagoons, Water pollution effects. Waste disposal. Cost sharing. Legal aspects. Social aspects. Fertil- izers, Benefits, Arid lands. Dry seasons. Waste dilu- tions, Stabilization, Dissolved solids, Oklahoma, Texas, Return (Monetary), Profit, Water utiliza- tion. Productivity, Streams, Legislation, Cattle, Water treatment. Waste treatment. Identifier!: 'Quality alteration, 'Trade off,"'Feed lot industry, 'Beef feeding industry, 'Feed Yards Act. Agricultural water users historically considered the amount of wastes and impurities that could be discharged; recent emphasis is to keep pollutants from streams. Feedlot operators must integrate and coordinate the total production process to effi- ciently use resources for a profitable return. They must know what legal and social requirements they have in environmental protection through water management. Large-scale operation! in Texas and Oklahoma, with up to 40,000 head capacity, predominate the beeffeeding industry. The Water Quality Act and Feed Yards Act require elimina- tion of interstate water pollution and water- resource enhancement. Oklahoma requires feed- lot licensees to provide reasonable waste disposal and drainage to avoid pollution. Feedlot runoff is discussed in terms of removing undesirable solids by stabilization lagoons and dilution. These methods present special problems In dry seasoni and in arid lands, waste disposal of manure as fer- tilize tales Is not economical, but social and legal benefits of pollution-free rivers are high. Cost shar- ing waste control projects are outlined. Future feedlot locations must consider access to waste dliposal as well as beef markets, Environmental quality is a dimension new to the industry, which will be developed when society can tradeoff between pioduction efficiency and environment, or develop cost-sharing programs. (Popkln-Arltona) 1193 - A2, C2, C3, C4 cHAjucrnugnci or MDJONO CENTER «^rUrTLUKNT FROM NEW YORK STATE Cornell Univ..'wi«ct. N. Y. Dipt, of Food Waste profile studies of milking center (mOkhouic and milking parlor) wastes from twenty-four New York State dairy farms in 20 different countries were conducted to determine the characteristics and amounts of waste*. Composite samples were collected in small plastic swimming pools, and two-quart portions transported to the laboratory where biological and chemical analyses were per- formed. Waste volumes were physically measured at the farms. Sixty percent of the experimental sites sampled showed a sewage toad of less than 10 Ib. of BOD per day farm with approximately 4 gal of waste per cow per day from making center operation*. The amount* of nitrate* and nitrite* were no greater than the levels from sewage treat- ment plant effluents. Alto, there were relatively small differences in soluble N and P compound* when compared with animals/farm or with pound* of BOD produced in milking centers. The principal solids in the wastes were manure, feed, bedding. and hood dirt. (Snyder-Battelk) 1194 - A2, F3, F4 "EVIEW 0| NATIONAL RESEARCH POLICY ON EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS, Water Pollution Research Lab., Stevenage (En- gland). A. L. Downing. Journal of the Society for Water Treatment and Ex- amination, Vol 19, Part 3, p 223-238, 1970. Discussion. Descriptors: 'Eutrophication, 'Algal control, Financing, Plant growth, Toxkity, Nutrients, Water quality, Nitrates, Planning, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Reservoirs, Fisheries, Water supply, Costs, Water demand, Economic justification, Aquatic weed control. Riven, Agriculture, Rooted aquatic plants, Drainage, Runoff, Fertilizers, Livestock, Economics, Fish kills, Inhibitors, Water pollution sources, Human diseases. Identifiers: •Research policy, 'United Kingdom. •Future trends, Cladophora, Research strategy, Thames River (England), Lee River (England). For new water supplies and for greater recreational exploitation of natural waters in the United King- dom, appropriate levels of activity and lines of inquiry are needed. Cost Incurred as a result of eutrophication will probably not increase to more than about double the present expenditures by this century's end. If algal and weed growth were fully understood, perhaps tome comparatively simple preventive measure* could be applied for eliminat- ing these nuisances. A balanced program is required for basic research and for empirical in- vestiptions, especially on static waters. Since fac- tor* Influencing algal growth vary geographically, examining the Influences of location of water may show that one method of control may be more ap- propriate than another. Though it is unlikely elimination of phosphates from detergents would materially reduce algal problems, search for trou- ble-free substitutes should continue. Processes used in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from ef- fluents should be examined for suitability of remov- ing other substance* (carbon adsorption, ozonla- tion), and ability of effluents to support alga] growth by unsuspected components is profoundly Important Growth of weeds in riven and effect of sewage effluent on Cladophora needs Investigation, Insuring that present efforts are well coordinated takes precedence over embarking on many new In- itiatives. (Jones-Wisconsin) J<*™j ofMUk Few Technology. VoL 35, No. 1, P 53-55, 1971 1 fig, 6 tab, J ret Descriptor*: •Sewage effluents. 'Waste identifi- cation, 'Dairy industry, •Cattle, Effluents. Farm wastes. Biochemical - A2, A3 AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES, Agricultural Research Service. Washington, D.C. William M. Edwards, and Lloyd L, rUrrold. The Ohio Journal of Science Vol 70, No I , p 50-36, Jin 1970. Deicripton: 'Water pollution, 'Farms, 'Livestock, •Phosphorus, 'Nitrates, 'Pesticides. 338 image: ------- •Soil conservation, Runoff, Erosion, Percolation, Sediment, Waste. Identifiers: Lake Erie, Barnyard, Solids, Liquids. Pollution of Ohio's water bodies is of growing public concern; industrial, urban, and rural sources are becoming the subject of critical examination. Rural sources are soil sediment, plant nutrients, animal waste, and pesticides. Pesticides and phosphorus are absorbed rapidly and strongly to soil particles. Therefore reductions in sediment, phosphorus, and pesticide pollution are achieved by soil-erosion-control farming practices. More acres need to be brought under erosion-control practices. Nitrates dissolve in water and are carried by surface flow to streams and lakes, and by per- colating water to underground aquifers. Increases in the use of nitrogen fertilizer, in evidence almost everywhere, could result in serious contamination of water bodies, if soil enrichment greatly exceeds the crop demand. Areas where large-scale livestock and poultry production is concentrated are also potential sources of serious pollution. In Ohio, animal-waste pollution problems are being itudied at The Ohio State University, and movement of pollutants in surface and subsurface waters on drainage plot! near Castalia are being studied by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and on agricultural watersheds by USDA Agricultural Research Service at Coshocton, Ohio. (Hurrold-USDA.ARS) 1196 - A2, Bl, F2 CATTLE FEEDERS MUST COMPLY WITH AN- TI-POLLUTION LAWS, The Cattleman, Vol. 38, No. 2. p. 43, SI, July 1971. Descriptor!: 'Legal aspects, 'Pollution abate- ment, 'Agricultural runoff, 'Return flow, 'Waste disposal. Cattle, Permit!, Discharge (Water), Animal wastes (Wildlife), Feedlots, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Irrigation water, Pollutants. Surface waters, Water pollution control, Sediment discharge. Erosion. Salinity, Fertilizers, Pesti- cide*, Water quality control, Taxes. Current federal snU-ppUutlon laws for cattle feeders are reviewed. The Environmental Protec- tion Agency (EPA) now requires that a permit be obtained from the Army Corps of Engineer* be- fore any discharges or deposits can be made into a navigable stream. The ruling applies to feedlots with more than 1,000 animal units and all new feedlots. It applies to at least 306 lots in Texas, 45 In New Mexico and 48 in Oklahoma. It Is estimated that 10,000 beef cattle on a feedlot produce MO tons of daily waste, comparable to a 100,000 to 200,000-perton city. Agricultural runoff, irrigation return flow end confined feeding operations con- cern the EPA, The greatest quantity of pollutants In the surface waters of the country la sediment caused by erosion. Increased salinity concentra- tion In receiving waters is a problem, especially when coupled with fertilizers and pesticides. Management of polluted waters is a growing research area. Some practices qualify for tax breaks. (PopUn-Arizona) 1197 - A2, A4, A9, C3 NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Jealott'a Hill (England). Jealott's Hffl Research Station. TTETTomlinson. Outlook on Agriculture, Vol 6, No 6, p 272-278, 1971.2 fig. 8 tab 19 ref. Descriptors: 'Eutropbication, 'Agricultural ru- noff, Fertflizen, Nitrates, Percolation. Farm wastes. Drainage water. Feed lots, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Rivers, Leaching, Soil erosion. Identifiers: Britain. Considering problems of eutrophication and high nitrate levels specifically toxic to infants, a review was made of known nutrient losses from agricul- tural land and how these relate to fanning, espe- cially in England. Nutrients are lost from farmland by drainage water percolating through the soil leaching soluble plant nutrients, by inefficient return of livestock excreta to the land, and by ero- sion of surface soils or movement of fine soil parti- cles into subsoil drainage systems. Lysimeter stu- dies indicate that the nature of the cropping greatly influences loss of nitrate in drainage and confirm the possibility of large losses from soil reserves in certain circumstances. Many soils contain large reserves of nitrogen which can be released as nitrate over long periods of time, even if the soils are not cropped or fertilized. Phosphate levels of drainage water from soils are low, as illustrated by lyslmeter studies. There is little danger that a large proportion of potassium fertilizer application win be lost in drainage. It is concluded that; at the present time, there do not seem to be grounds for serious concern about a general nitrate level rise in English riven. (Jones-Wisconsin) 1198 - A3, C2, C3 CHEMICAL AND DETRITAL FEATURES OF PALOUSE RIVER, IDAHO, RUNOFF KLOWAGE, Eastern New Mexico Univ., Portulcs. Dcpt. of Biological Sciences. Philip A. Busccmi. Oikos, Vol 20, No I, p 119-127, 1969. 3 fig, 3 tub, 30 rcf. Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Groundwuter, 'Scston, •Sediment*, Organic mutter, Currents (Wutcr), Wutcr pollution sources, Surface runoff, Rainfall, Snowmolt, Surface waters, Streams, Hydrogen ion concentrutlon, Iron, Magnesium, Nitrutes, Phosphates, Algnc, Detritus, Pulp wastes, Livestock, Idaho. Identifiers: Tree bark, Charcoal, Algul growth, Stream concourse, Pulouse River (Idaho). Water und sediment wimple* were collected ut four stations established on Pulouse River, Idaho. Deter- minations included pH, nitrate, phosphate, iron, manganese, hardness, suspended detritus (drifting scston), und organic content of sedimentary deposits. The results show influence of rainfall, melt water, stream inflow, and mill pond M (teuton concentration. Variation in chemical composition of water indicated the effect of either mult water runoff or subterranean discharge. The increased pollution of water and sediment enrichment in or- ganic matter were correlated with locations of lumber camps and cattle grazing. (Wilde-Wiscon- Mn) 1199 - A7, C3, C4 IMPROVED PROCEDURES FOR THE DETER- MINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MaK, MILK PRODUCTS) CHICKEN MUSCLE, LIVER; AND EGGS, Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick. N.J. Dent, of Biochemistry and Microbiology. S. E. Ksti, and C. A. Fatabender. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol 7, No 4, p 229-236, April 1972. 8 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Antibiotics (Pesticides), 'Analytical techniques. 'Evaluation, 'Pollutant identification, •Milk, 'Poultry, Organic pesticides. Methodolo- gy. Ceatrifugation, Bioassay, Pesticide residues, Methodology, Foods. Identifiers: 'Biologies! samples, 'Oxytetra- cycline, Milk products. Tissues, Muscle, Liver, Bus. Detection limits, Bloaccuuuletion, Recovery, Chlortetracyune. The improved procedures for determining ox- ytetracycline in milk and dairy products, chicken muscle tissue and livers, and eggs are evaluated. The procedures used were based upon those developed for chlortetracycline in similar materi- als and are compared to the procedures listed in the FDA compendium of methods and protocols. The procedural improvements include pH adjust- ment, centrifugation, single agar layer, high tem- perature seeding and spreading of agar, and the use of a surfactant. A summary of the detection limits and analytical measurement for the in- dividual procedures shows that the centrifuge modification, pH adjustment where applicable, and the use of surfactant when necessary have sig- nificantly improved the ability to measure residues of oxytetracycline in milk, egg>> and chicken tis- sue. (Holoman-Battelle) 1200 - A3, Cl PROGRESSIVE CHANGES IN THE CLADOCERAN AND MIDGE FAUNA DURING THE ONTOGENY OF ESTHWAITE WATER, Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Clyde E. Goulden. Verhandlungen der International Veremigung furTheoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, Vol 15, p 1000-1005,1964. 2 fig, 13 rcf. Descriptors: 'Midges, "Lakes, Eutrophication, Pollen, Sediments, Climates, Productivity, Sheep, Hypolimnion, Anaerobic conditions, Daphnia. Identifiers: 'Esthwaite Water (England), •Cladocera, 'Ontogeny, Chydoridae, Dapnmidae, Bosminidac, Sididae, Polyphemidac, Leptodondae, Deforestation, Chironomus, Sergentia. Tanytarsus, Ceriodaphnia. > Changes in total populations throughout Esthwaite Water's history and successional changes ot Cladocera and midges associated with eutrophica- tion are discussed. The Cladocera species were di- vided into the 'chydorids' and the 'non-chydorids. mostly planktonic in habit. The Cladocera and midges suggest that Esthwaite Water was an oligotrophic lake during most of its development and only within the last 900 years became eutrophic under man's influence. Further, they in- dicate there were four periods of increased produc- tivity during the lake's development associated with climatic or cultural changes in the drainage basin. Greater productivity is expected in these in- tervals, and the fact that the Cladocera correctly suggest this implies that they can be of great useful- ness for determining past productivity in lakes. Cladoceran remains m lake sediments appear to be a valuable tool for palcolimnologists. They may be used to determine periods of climatic and cultural changes and for deducing past limnological condi- tions of a particular body of water. By studying the distribution and abundance of individual species in 'the sediment, we can estimate the ecological requirements of these species. This in turn will sug- gest fruitful areas of further research on living Forms. (Jones-Wisconsin) 1201 - A2, A3, A4, F2 OKLAHOMA FEED YARDS ACT. Oklahoma Statutes Ann Title 2, sees 9-208,9-210 (Supp 1970). Descriptors: 'Oklahoma. 'Water pollution. •Water pollution control, 'Surface drainage. Sur- •face waters. Surface runoff, Water pollution sources. Livestock, Pollutants, Water quality con- trol, Domestic animals, Agriculture, Legal aspects Legislation. . Each licensed feed yard operator Is required by this statute to provide adequate drainage for surface water.; avoid pollution of any stream, lake, river, or creek; and provide reasonable methods for the disposal of animal excrement. (Madsen-FJorida) 339 image: ------- 1202 - A3, A7, F2 OWENS V. UNITED STATES (LIABILITY o*> UNITED STATES FOR NEGLIGENT AWU™. TION OF INSECTICIDE. POLLUTING POND OF ADJACENT LANDOWNER, TO"D 294 F. Supp. 400-405 (S.D.Ala. 1968). Descriptors: 'Alabama. • Water portion, •In.eoti- cide,, -Rainfall, Caltle, Ponds, Streams, Federal government, Administrative agencies, Rain, Legal aspects. Judicial decisions, Water pollution effects, Water pollution sources, Pollutanti, Water wellj Damages, Remedies, Regulation. Plaintiff cattle rancher sought to recover damages for injury to his herd from defendant United States under the Federal Tort Claims Act. Plaintiffs pro- perty included part of a small pond from which the cattle watered. The pond was supplied from rainfall and water drainage. A dry-bed drainage creek drained into the pond. Federal Department of Agriculture employees treated the property adjoin- ing plaintiffs with a chemical insecticide. Thereafter, a heavy rainfall occurred which washed thu insecticide into the dry-bed creek, and ulti- mately to plaintiffs pond. The pond was fenced off and the cattle were not poisoned. Nevertheless' plaintiff claimed damages from loss of part of his pasture, reduced milk production, increased food cost, and the expense of drilling a well for water Defendant contended that plain tiff's injury resulted from the rainfall, an act of God, and that it was not liable. The Federal District Court however, deter- mined that under Alabama law an act of Cod would not render defendant immune where its negligence was also an acutal cause of plaintiffs injury. Since 4he court concluded that defendant's negligence hl£?-lli.licl!!!l'c'£e of lhe inJur*' defendant was held liable. (Hart-Florida) 1203 - A2.-A3, A4, F2 FOULING OF WATERS A MISDEMEANOR. North Dakota Century Code Ann sec. 61-01-12 thru 61-01-14 as amended (Supp 1969). Descriptors: 'North Dakota, "Water pollution sources, 'Water pollution control, 'Waate disposal, Water quality. Water quality control Wastes, Industrial waitei. Refuse. Sewage ef- fluents. Gasoline, Oil wastes, Farm wastes Cattle i!h!!rP'i.H<8!> J^*,"? d»P°»l. Streams, Rivers! Public health, Administrative agencies. Section 61-01-12 provides that the fouling of public waters by depositing gas tars or other refuse from any gas house into streami, rivers or sewers that empty into public waters is a misdemeanor Section 61-01-13 provides the fouling of public waters with dead animals, offal, or other refuse by depositing same on the banks or in any lake or stream within the jurisdiction of the state is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of from $20 to $100. Section 61-01-14 provides that section 61- 01-13 shall be construed to include: (I) privies and privy vaults: (1) any stable, shed. pen. yard, or cpr- ral where farm animals are located within sixty feet of the top of any lake or stream; and (3) any slaughterhouse, graveyard or cemetery within eighty feet of these waters. However, in an emer- gency, these provisions do not prevent any mu- nicipality from dumping untreated sewage into these waters provided they are not determined detrimental to public health. (Rees-FIorida) Wates disposal. Legal aspects. Judicial decisions, Streams, Hogs, Riparian water. Riparian land, Riparian rights, Farms, Farm wastes. Defendant corporation owned a farm one mile from plaintiffs farm. Defendant, under contract with a municipality, received the city's garbage and disposed of it by feeding it to hogs. A stream flowed through defendant's property, then paased through plaintiffs land. Plaintiff brought a nuisance action for damages, alleging that during the operation of its farm, defendant polluted the stream through drainage of liquid, filth and refuse. Defendant con- tended that its acts in the operation of its farm were authorized by law, inasmuch u it had a contract with a municipality to dispose of the garbage. The Ohio Court of Appeals held that plaintiff was liable for damages, notwithstanding the municipal con- tract. An upper proprietor of land cannot by artifi- cial means pollute a stream to the injury of a lower riparian owner. (Powell-Florida) 1205 - A2, Fl SUMNER V O'DELL (INJUNCTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF SPRINC WATRB BY CATTLE). WATER 12 Tenn App 496-500 (1930). Descriptors: 'Tennessee. 'Water pollution •Streams, 'Reasonable use. Cattle, Domestic water. Riparian rights, Water quality. Spring waters, Springs, Legal aspects. Judicial decisions Water pollution sources, Remedies, Relative rights. Plaintiff lower riparian landowner sought to enjoin defendant upper riparian landowner from polluting the stream bordering their property. Plaintiffs and defendant's tracts were previously owned by one person, who conveyed plaintiffs tract first, along with the right to use the spring water flowing from defendant's tract. When defendant purchased the upper tract, he began using the lot through which the stream flowed as a confinement for cattle The cattle polluted the water so that it was unfit for plaintiffs domestic uses. Apparently defendant's actions were purposeful, and with some malice, since the evidence presented clearly showed that defendant could have erected his fences to prevent pollution of the spring water. .The Tennessee Court of Appeals held that defendant was utilizing his property unreasonably with respect to plaintiffs rights, and enjoined use of the lot as a cow pasture and path. (Hart-Florida) 1206 - A2, Bl, F2 POLLUTION .OF STREAMS. Del Code Ann tit In. sees 1301,1302(1953). Descriptors- 'Delaware, 'Water pollution. •Streams, 'Water pollution sources Pollution abatement. Public health. Wastes. Industrial- wjisles. Water quality. Ciiemcomrol, Sewage Or- ganic wastes. Lcp.l.ition, Judicial decisions Water supply. Hogs, Water quality control. Identifiers: Dye-stuffs. Slaughter houses 1204 - A2, F2 OHIO STOCK FOOD CO V CINTLING (STREAM POLLUTION BY UPPER RIPARIAN HOG PARM). 133 NE 341-345 (Ohio Ct App 1926). Descriptors: 'Ohio, 'Municipal wastes. 'Garbage dumps, 'Pollution abatement, Water pollution, No person shall discharge or allow any dye-stuffs JruBS, or chemicals which cause the stream id become noxious to (he health or disagreeable to the senses to escape into any stream used as * water supply. In addition to imposing a fine for violation. the court sh ill also issue an analcmenl order within 20 days after conviction, lhe abatement shall be enforced by the sheriff. No person shall place a pnvy, hog-pen or slaughter house so as to pollute any itrcam with the encrement or offal therefrom. Violators shall be fined and the court shall order th.r nuiiance abated immediately. (Helwig.f lu) 1207 - A2. Bl. F2 FAIRES V DUPREE (WATER POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL WASTES). 197 SW2d 735-738 (Ark 1946). Descriptors: 'Arkansas, 'Hogs, 'Animal wastes, 'Water pollution, Cold springs. Farm wastes, Im- paired water quality, Public health. Seepage, Damages. Legal aspects. Identifiers: 'Damages (Legal aspects). Plaintiff brought action for damages resulting from the operation of a hog ranch in an unsanitary manner on land situated adjacent to plaintiffs pro- perty. The court found there was insufficient evidence to show an ascertainable monetary loss to plaintiffs spring from defendant's operation of a hog farm near plaintiff* land in such a manner that seepage from garbage washed down filling plain- tiffs spring, polluting the water, and infecting it with maggots. However, evidence that plaintiff had periods of vomiting, nausea, and general debility ET^^-S questi011 for *« J«7 » *> "hether plaintiff, illness was caused by the imposition of stench, flies, and filth or whether plaintiff was overstating the corrupting causes. Therefore case was reversed and remanded for new trial. (Reed- 1208 - A3, F2 303 Ky 207. 197 SW 2d 25S-26I ( 1946 1. Descriptors: 'Kentucky, -Domestic wastes water po.lution. Prescriptive rights. Sewage *udgc. Se»agc effluents, Liu-«ock wastes Disposal t-arm wastes.. Decomposing organic matter. Riparian waters. Dairy industry, Distribu- tion systems. Nuisance (Waver law). Legal aspects Judicial decisions, Poultry. -»p«-«s. Plaintiff brought suit to enjoin defendant from in- terfering with i a sewer line which belonged to plain- uiTand another Defendant filed a counterclaim cnnsohdatcd wuh an action against two others To enjoin their i from allowing sewage from residences andoutbuidmgs to run through open ditchesor b" ned pipes m the bed of small stream near defcn- image: ------- following a runoff of rains from defendant'! premises. The supreme court construed the lower court's ruling to mean that runoff becomes a harm- ful substance when it consists of contaminating bacteria and chemicals in such amounts as to produce excessive pollution which results in injury. The fact that a business is lawful does not exempt it from liability when contaminated or polluted water escapes onto the land of another in such quantities as to cause injury. The owner of the cattle being fed by defendant rancher was held jointly and severally liable since the bailment contract with defendant rancher vested essential control over the operation in the cattle owner-bailor. (Gallagher-Florida) 1210 - A2, A3, Fl, F2 MEASURE AND ELEMENTS OF DAMAGES FOR POLLUTION OF A STREAM. W. R Habecb. 49ALR2d253-3l4. Descriptors 'Judicial decisions, 'Damages, •Water pollution. Reasonable use. Value. Market value, Depreciation. Economic rent. Water utiliza- tion. Odor. Trees, Crops, Recreation. Boating, Swimming. Fish, Livestock Elements to be considered when measuring damages Tor stream pollution arc examined. Where permanent cir irreparable damage results, recovery may he had for the depreciation of market value of the property However, where the damage can be remedied at a cost lower than the loss in market value, the cost of such repair becomes the measure of damages Where the pollution is temporary or abateable. the measure is the depreciation in thu rental or usable value of the properly. Special damages may also be recovered, as may puni'ive damages, depending upon the particular circum- stances. Particular items of damages such as im- pairment of use and enjoyment of property, nox- ious odors, discomfort and inconvenience. sickness, trees, crops, deprivation of use of water. recreation privileges, fish, death and injury of livestock, injury to business, expense of repairing injury, fencing, procuring water, expense of mill operations, and others are also examined. (S. Scott- Flal 1211 - Bl, C5 ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AND DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES, Washington State Univ., Pullman. L. B. Craine, M. H. Ehlen, and D. K. Nelson. Agricultural Engineering, Vol 51, p 415-417, July 1970,2 fig, 1 tab. Descriptors: 'Water supply, Agricultural en- gineering. 'Cattle, Electric*! grounding, Water consumption. Electrical networks, Electric cur- rents. Identifiers: 'Electrical potential. Voltage. Electric potentials on domestic water systems af- fected water consumption and productivity of cat- tle. The problem of annoying voltage resulted from a single-phase two-wire multiple-grounded system with primary distribution and secondary utilization neutrals solidly bonded together. The problem was solved by separation of grounded neutrals of the primary distribution system from the farm secon- dary system. An electrified fountain system was built to test effects of controlled water system voltages on animal water consumption. At current levels of 19 ma and at a level of 8 volts the cattle would not drink for an 8 hour period. (Galwardi- Texas) 1212 - A3, C4, C5 EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE USE ON WATER QUALITY OF HIGH-MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS: BACTERIOLOGICAL IN- VESTIGATIONS OF MOUNTAIN STREAMS, Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Botany and Microbiology. D. G. Stuart, G. K. Bissonnette. T. D. Goodrich and W.G.Walter. «~™n. Applied Microbiology, Vol. 22, No. 6, p 1048-1054, December 1971.6 fig, 2 tab, 13 ref. Descriptors: -Water quality, 'Watersheds 'Mountains, 'Bacteria, -Water pollution Sources, •Watershed management, Coliforms, Enteric bac- teria, Cultures, Sampling, Nutrients, Montana, Recreation, Animal wastes, Streams, E. coli, Lumbering, Camping, Water supply, Wildlife! Chemical analysis, Salmonella, Pathogenic bac- teria, ShigeUa. Filtration. Identifiers: Enterobacter BCrogenes. Hyalite watershed, Mystic watershed, Proteus, Streptococcus faccium var durans. Streptococcus faecalis var liquefaciens. Streptococcus bovis. Bacteriological studies in 1968 and 1969 cor- roborated earlier findings that a municipal watershed which had been closed to public entry since 1917 yielded water with four to six times the coliform count found in an adjacent mountain watershed open to recreational activities. Similarly, chemical investigations showed higher concentrations of most ions in water from the closed arta. Physiological differentiation of Coliform and enterococcal bacteria revealed similar types of organisms in both animal droppings and stream, with fecal colifortns ac- counting for as much as 70 percent of the coliform counts observed in the closed area in 1969. Open- ing of the closed drainage for limited recreation and expanded logging operations in the spring of 1970 coincided with an unexpected decrease in bacterial contamination of that stream. It is postu- lated that these human activities drove from the watershed a large wild animal population which had contributed substantially to the previous bac- terial pollution. It would seem that the practice of closing high-mountain watersheds to public entry is questionable if governmental standards for water quality are to be met, and it also seems that the standards themselves should be reexamined. (Jefferis-Battelle) 1213 - C4 A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MICROORGANISMS, QuincyColl.,Hl. W. Gasser, and K. M. Gehrt. BioScience, Vol. 21, No. 20. p 1044-1045, October 15, 1971. 3 tab, 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Pathogenic bacteria, 'Enteric bac- teria, 'Computer programs. Programming lan- guages, 'Pollutant identification, Microorganisms, Computer models. Automation, E. coli. Data processing. Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Streptococcus. Identifiers: Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeru- ginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Serratia, Serratia marcesens, Salmonella typhosa, Klebsiella, Kleb- siella pneumoniac, Staphylococcus, Staphylococ- cus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Diplococcus pneu- moniac, Streptococcus pyogenes. A computer program has been developed to identi- fy microorganisms from test results. Results from standard microbiological tests (e.g. gram stain, glu- cose fermentation) are used in the program. Where many organisms are identified from limited test results, results from additional chemical tests may be entered for complete identification. Some of the advantages of the program are: ability to han- dle several sets of input data, easy program modification, and the need for minimal pro- gramming knowledge. An identification matrix is included for E. coli, Proteus vulgams, Pseu- domonas aeniginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Ser- ratia marccscns, Salmonella typhosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, sarcina lu- tea, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. (Mackan-Battelle) 1214 - A2; A3, A4, C5, F3 THE DISPOSAL OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE, Douglas Gowan. Effluent and Water Treatment journal, p 303-308. June 1971.2 tab. 10 ref. Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Farm wastes. Water pollution. Fertilizers, Farm management, Livestock, Economics, Copper, Arsenic com- pounds, Odor, Sewers, Biochemical oxygen de- mand. Slurries, Chlorides, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Dairy industry. Identifiers: United Kingdom, Farm income. The present United Kingdom laws make it unlawful to discharge farm drainage into a stream without consent of river authorities; river authorities also have power to control pollution of underground water. Over 131,000 farm discharges to watercour- ses in the United Kingdom are known, the com- bined effect posing serious consequences. The basic need is cheaper methods of dealing with manure and other wastes from large animal con- centrations. Cattle wastes have quite different characteristics from domestic wastes and chemical residues from feed additives can give rise to serious difficulties in the effects on biological treatment processes. To control odor of animal excreta, am- monium persulphate has proven effective. Farm wastes disposal onto land and into public sewers are discussed and population equivalents are con- sidered. Every farm is different and must be treated individually for assessing charges for reception and treatment in the public sewer. Discharges from dairy farms and from mixed farms are tabulated. Today local authorities have the means of obtain- ing relatively accurate information for design of treatment plants as well as for the assessment of charges. (Jones-Wisconsin) 1215 - C3 AUTOMATED COMBUSTION VERSUS DIGESTION FOR TRITIUM MEASUREMENT IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES, Agricultural Research Service, Kerryvilte, Tex. Toxicological Research Lab. L. M. Hunt, and B. N. Gilbert. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes. Vol 23, No 5. p 246-249, May 1972.1 fig, 2 tab, 8 ref. Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Tritium, 'Automation. Chemical analysis, Bioassay, Pollutant identifica- tion, Suspension, Quenching, Aqueous solutions. Animal wastes, Solvent extractions, Water pollu- tion sources, Thiocarbamate pesticides, Sheep. Identifiers: 'Biological samples, 'Combustion. Ferbam, Tissue, Recovery, Liquid scintillation. Sample preparation, Lungs, Pancreas. Bone, Heart, Brain, Spleen, Muscle, Liver, Kidneys, Feces, Blood. In order to find the most feasible method for analyzing tritium-tagged biological samples, the more frequently used techniques for noncom- bustion preparation, digestion, suspension, and extraction were compared with the automated combustion method. Sheep tissues were collected and prepared, and ferbam, a dithiocarbamate fun- gicidal compound, was used for recovery deter- minations. With the automated combustion method, the mean recovery for the first eight tis- sues at the 25 milligram level was 95 percent com- pared to 69 percent using digestion. When the sam- ple sizes were increased, a notable difference in the comparison was apparent, as the percentage recovery was 82 percent for combustion and 40 percent by digestion. It appeared that digestion rather than combustion of the 25 milligram muscle samples was superior. No corrections were made for quenching in order to get a true comparison of the two methods of analysis. The disparity in 341 image: ------- methodology became marked with sample sizes of 30 and 100 micorliters with combustion maintain- ing a high efficiency, while digestion significantly decreased as sample size increased. Combustion had the advantage of speed (8-10 minutes per sam- ple) with no clean-up between combustions. (Byrd-Battelle) 1216 - C3 IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES OF N - (1. 1-DIMKTHVLPROPYNYL) - 3,5 DICHLOR- BENZAMINE IN RAT AND COW URINE AND RAT FECES, Rohm and Haas Co., Springhouse, Pa., Research Labs. Roy Y. Yih, and Colin Swithenbank. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, Vol. 19 No. 2. 1971 p 320-324,3 fig., 3 tab., 7 ref. Descriptors: 'Farm wastes, Laboratory testa. Chemical analysis. Metabolism, Radioactivity techniques, 'Pollutant identification. Identifiers: 'Metabolic pathways. Chemical struc- ture. Metabolites. This is the continuation of studies to determine the comparative metabolism of N- (1,1 -dimethylpropy- nyl)-3,5-dichlorobcnzamide in soil, plants, and animals. Nine metabolites were identified in toil and alfalfa treated with this compound. This study concerns the isolation, identification and synthesis of these metabolites in rat and cow urine and rat feces. Tentative metabolic pathways and its com- parative metabolism in soils, plants, and mammals are postulated. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 1217 - A2, A3, C4 A«;LYING BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAME. TERS TO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY, Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol 62, No 2, p 113-120, Feb 1970. g p, 53 ref. Descriptors: 'Recreation, 'Bioindicators, *Water quality, 'Bacteria, Aquatic bacteria, Aquatic microbiology. Aquatic microorganisms, Coliforms, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Water pollution, Water pollution sources. Pollutant identification, Path of pollutants, Animal wastes (Wildlife), Public health, Standards, Farm wastes, Water zoning. Sediment- water interfaces, Domestic wastes, Legal aspects Sewage bacteria, Pathogenic bacteria. Identifiers: 'Fecal pollution. Fecal contamination from all warm-blooded animals is the natural link to pathogenic microor- ganisms in polluted water. The fecal coliform test accurately detects and measures such fecal con- tamination. Use of the fecal coliform test as a mea- sure of recreational water quality is recommended. Data and tables are given to show a correlation between fecal coliform and the probable occu ranee of Salmonella, an easily detecting pathogen. Court hearings are cited that establish the legal status of the fecal coliform test. The water-sediment inter- face of a stream or lake bottom can serve as a reser- voir for fecal pollution 'fallout' from overlying water. The fecal-streptococcus group's diverse sur- vival rates and specific fecal origins make them specific indicators for nonhuman, warm-blooded, animal pollution. Various minimal bacterial densi- ties are suggested to insure good recreational water quality. (Cuevas-Florida) 1218 - A2, A3, A4, A9, F4 FUTURE WATER QUALITY DESIGN, California State Department of Public Health Berkeley. Frank M. Stead. Journal of the American Water Works, Vol. 59 No 12, December 1967, pp. 1497-1501. Descriptors: Water quality, 'Water pollution. •Water quality management. Stream conditions. Standards, Industrial wastes. Public health. Water pollution sources. Municipal wastes. 'Waste water disposal. Benefits. Identifiers: Pathogens, Pesticide pollutions. Total management. Aquatic system. Pollution control alone will not preserve water quality in the U.S. because it is based on a concept of disposal of wastewaters from municipalities and industries. In both cases the sewage is no longer wanted, and most often put back into the rivers. With half the total annual water replenishment put to use and converted to wastcwatcr. it is important to consider how much dilution is necessary to keep waters up to present standards. There are three basic choices; (I) discharge the entire waste stream to the ocean or evaporate it, (2) through treatment bring the wastcwater up to a sufficient level of quality so that when it is diluted it meets standards for all uses, (3) through treatment bring each in- dividual waste stream up to the standard of quality for a specific use and put resulting 'reclaimed' water to that use directly, without returning it to either surface or ground waters. Current standards concerning pathogens and pesticides have not been given enough study to really indicate possible im- pairment of human health. What is needed is a new water policy for the U.S. -a policy involving total management of water resources. The entire aquatic system must be analyzed and a new system of dis- tribution in terms of benefits must be devised (Cargola-Chicago) 1219 - A2, A3, A4, A9, F4 NITRATES IN THE ENVIRONMENT, Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. e M.Starr Nichols. Journal American Water Works Association, Vol 57,No 10,p 1319-1327,1965.25 ref. Descriptors: 'Nitrogen, 'Atmosphere, 'Biosphere, Fertilization, Nitrogen fixation. Denitrification Wastes, Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Ammonia, Odor, Aquatic plants, Groundwater, Toxicity, Waste treatment. Identifiers: Nitrogen deposits, Mineralization, Methemoglobinemia, Livestock poisoning Silage gas, Odor prevention. Atmospheric nitrogen, supplying 1600 pounds of elemental nitrogen per square foot of the world, is the most important source of nitrogen fertilizer. Nonsymbiotic and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organ- isms fix nitrogen in the biosphere from atmospheric supplies. These organisms include 10 species of bacteria and 6 strains of blue-green algae. Denitri- fying organisms cycle nitrogen back to the at- mosphere. Nitrifying organisms, such as Nltrobacter, oxidize organic nitrogenous com- pounds in waste matter to nitrate after ammonifica- tion occurs. Mineralization of nitrogen in waste matter is responsible for most nitrogen mineral deposits found in the world. Slightly alkaline buf- fered environment and aerobic conditions will produce nitrates at enormous rates to supply nutrient needs. Aquatic growths in lakes from over- fertilization may be nature's method of conserving nitrogen' fertilizer. Presence of nitrogen com- pounds can indicate pollution. Nitrate concentra- tion above 45 ppm might cause methemoglobinemia. Livestock is susceptible to nitrate poisoning. Sodium nitrate added to waste treatment lagoons limits odors and enhances biochemical oxygen demand reduction. Nitrates are added to natural water by leaching and runoff from wastes and poorly managed fertilizing prac- tices. (Bannerman-Wisconsin) Journal of the American Water Works Associa- tion. Vol 54. No 1, p 83-87. January 1962.2 tab? U) ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources. 'Farm wastes, 'Pesticides. •Farm lagoons, 'Fertilizers Chlorinated hydrocarbons. Nitrates, Insecticides DDT, Sewage lagoons, Waste disposal, Fertiliza- tion, Farm management. Crop production Lime Phosphates, Livestock, Hogs, Confinement pens, Fish.'Feed lots. Farm practices are changing to grow more crops on less land, and produce more animals in a smaller area. More fertilizers and pesticides are needed to do this with the result that water quality is affected. Animal wastes will increasingly be a problem in terms of disposal and treatment Feed yard waste treatment facilities often lack adequate design. Pesticides, especially the chlorinated hydrocarbons, pose increasingly serious problems for fish life. Traditional treatment methods are not effective in removing many of these pollutants from domestic water supply systems. More research and information is needed on the effects 1221 - C3 DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN FOOD PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY AERATION AND FLAMELESS ATOMIC AB- SORPTION SPECTHOPHOTOMETRY, Michigan Dept of Agriculture, Lamina. V. A. Thorpe. Journal of the Association of Analytical Chemists Vol. 54, No. 1 , p 206-210. 1971. 3 fig. 1220 - A3, A4, A7, A9, F4 WATER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, Clemson CoD., B.C. School of Agriculture. H. J. Webb, Descriptors: 'Mercury, 'Pollutant identification. Foods, Fish, Chemical analysis. Acids, Chemical reactions. Oxidation, Feeds, Milk. Poultry Reduction (Chemical), Calibrations. 'Aeration Identifiers: 'Biological samples, Potassium per- manganate. Stannous chloride, Sulfuric acid Re- agents, Blood, Urine. Meat. Eggs, 'Atomic ab- sorption spectrophotometry, Precision, Sample preparation. Chemical recovery. A modification of a method developed at the Fisheries Research Board of Canada has been used for determining mercury in fish, water, other food products, and biological fluids such as meat poultry, eggs, milk, unne, blood, and animal feeds. Samples were wet digested at SO C with sul- func acid, oxidized with strong potassium per- maganate solution, and reduced with Stannous chloride. Flamekss atomic absorption spec- trophotometry was used to measure vapor, and to compare sample results with prepared standards and standard curves. Replication of analyses on different days showed good precision, and in test- ing samples spiked with known amounts of mercu- ry results showed adequate recovery. (Maclcan- BatteOe) 1222 - C2, C3, C4 PEPSIN DIGESTIBILITY METHOD FOR ANIMAL PROTEINS. 1»71 COLLABORATIVE STUDY, Moorman Mfg. Co., Quincy, 111. A.J.Gehrt. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Vol 55, No 4. p 702-706, 1972. 1 tab, 4 ref. Descriptors: 'Digestion, 'Filtration, •Analytical techniques, 'Protein. Centrifugation. Poultry. Nitrogen compounds, Organic compounds, Chemical analysis. Methodology, Quality control. Identifiers: •Pepsin, 'Interlaboratory tests. Col- laborative studies, Biological samples, Method validation. Data interpretation. Twenty collaborating laboratories evaluated a new method of filtering residues from a pepsin digesti- 342 image: ------- bflity test of animal proteins. When the first action method was modified by more detailed filtering in- structions, the analysts found increased sensitivity and reproducibility. Based on the data from the collaborative studies the method has now been adopted as official first action for poultry by- product meal and hydrolyzed feathers and as final action for other animal proteins. (Mortland-Bat- telle) 1223 - A2, A7, A9 EFFECT OF DURSBAN IN THE DRINKING WATER OF CHICKS, Manitoba Univ., Winnipeg. Dept. of Entomology. R. A. Bnist, S. Miyazaki, and O. C. Hodgson. J Econ Entomol. Vol 64, No 5, p 1179-1183.1971. Illus. Identifiers: 'Poultry, Blood, •Dunban, Cbolin esterase, Water pollution effects. The insecticide Durtban (0,0-diethy 0- (3,5,6- trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate), was added to the drinking water of young Leghorn cockerels at 8 levels ranging from 0.08 to 1280 ppm active in- gredient. Experiments were begun with chicks 3 or 5 days old and were concluded after 3 and 4 wk. Mortality at 80 ppm was 20%, and mortality at 320 and 1280 ppm was 100%. No adverse effects were apparent at lower levels. Solvent and inert in- gredients of Dursban emulsif iable concentrate had no adverse effect on the chicks up to 717.7 ppm. Cholinesterase activity in whole blood was moni- tored at all treatment levels, and the activity decreased at 80 ppm Dursban and above. At lower levels there was no significant difference from the controls. Weight gain/day diminished with in- creased levels of Dursban. Starvation of treated chicks did not affect blood-cholinesterase activi- ty.--Copyright 1972, Biological Abstracts, Inc. 1224 - A3, A4, Bl, C4, C5 FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRA- TION OF FAECAL BACTERIA IN LAND- .DRAINAGK WATER, West of Scotland Agricultural CoB., Auchincnrive (Scotland). DepL of Microbiology. M. R. Evans, and I. D. Owens. Journal of General Microbiology, Vol 71, No 3, p 477-485, August 1972.4 fig, 8 ref. Descriptors: •Drainage water. •Farm wastes, •En- vironmental effects, •Subsurface drainage, 'En- teric bacteria, Subsurface waters, Hogs, Flow rates. Equations, Water pollution sources, Per- colation, Soil water movement. Seepage. Pollutant identification. Biochemical oxygen demand, E. coli. Filtration. Membranes, Discharge (Water), Weir gauges, Clay loam, Sands, Surface runoff. Identifiers: Enterococci, Biochemical testa, Fecal coliformi. The rate of discharge and the concentration of fae- cal bacteria in the water from a subsurface field drain were monitored by standard techniques ini- tially for one winter without application of animal excrement to the pasture, and. subsequently, for two winters when pig excrement was sprayed over the pasture. The concentrations of Escherichia coli and enterococci in the water were affected by three main factors: the flow rate of the drain discharge; the number of bacteria in or on the soil and vegetation; and the application to the land of large volumes of semiKqviirl animal excrement over short periods of time. In the absence of ex- crement application, the concentration of faecal bacteria in the water was related to the flow rate and to time by an equation of the form: log bacteri- al concentration equals a plus b log flow rate minus c days, where a, b and c are constant*. The concentrations of bacteria in the water declined with time, the 90 percent reduction times beingST days for E. coli and 96 days for enterococci. The spraying of pig excrement over the pasture tratkms of faecal bacteria returned to their normal levels over a period of 2 to 3 days. (Byrd-BatteDe) 1225 - A2, A3, F3 CONSERVING RESOURCES AND MAINTAIN- ING A QUALITY ENVIRONMENT, Agricultural Research Service, BeltsvUle, Md. Soil and Water Conservation Research Div. Cecil H. Wadleigh, and Clarence S. Britt. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol 24, No4,p 172-175,0ct I969.4p,4ref. Descriptors: 'Water resource development, •Water pollution, •Eutrophication, Government supports, Soil conservation, Industrial wastes. Mu- nicipal wastes, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Soil erosion. Animal wastes, Economics, Nitrogen, Water con- servation. Identifiers: •Soil runoff, Livestock. Some of the problems involved in natural resource conservation are presented, with particular empha- sis on the water pollution caused by agricultural ru- noff and livestock production. It is pointed out that the economics of the farming and livestock indus- try are often in conflict with the conservationists' interests. It is suggested that the Dept of Agricul- ture adopt a cost-sharing program to encourage solutions to some of the problems. The article emphasizes the dangers of eutrophication induced by animal wastes. The author concludes with a statement of some of the accomplishments of the conservation movement in the area of soil and water resources. (Murphy-Rutgers) . _ linaW- to 900-fold increase in the concen- trations of faecal bacteria in the drain discharge within 2 h of the start of the spraying. The concen- 1226 - A2, A4, C3 PHOSPHORUS AND WATER POLLUTION, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Soils Lab. Alan W.Taylor. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, p 228- 231, November-December 1967.4 tab, 26 ref. Descriptors: *Phosphorus, •Groundwater, *Water pollution sources, Sewage effluents, Eutrophica- tion, Irrigation, Water pollution control. Water chemistry. Identifiers: Manure, Feedlots, Phosphorus sources, Agricultural fertilizers. Phosphorus, an important nutrient in natural water, will stimulate excess growth at 0.05 ppm. It is quickly converted to insoluble form in soil and strong sorbtion by soil particles almost completely immobilize it. Pollution from groundwater phosphorus is therefore minimal even though ir- rigation drainage may cause phosphorus concen- tration of .08 ppm in groundwater. Eroding topsoils can contribute phosphorus to natural water. Unlike spasmodic erosion flow, manure in stockyards and manure piles supply a steady flow of relatively high phosphorus concentration in available form. Phosphorus pollution from feedlots is significant because concentration of output. Measuring total phosphorus concentration in a water body does not indicate phosphorus available for growth, which is a small fraction of the total. Continuous monitoring of total and available phosphorus concentrations are necessary to assess nutrient sources. One pound of phosphorus dissolved in one acre-foot of water yields a concentration of 0.03 ppm. Phosphorus contamination from sewage effluent is significant, based on a per capita consumption of 2.S Ibs of phosphorus. (Bannerman-Wisconsin) 1227 - F4 AGRICULTURAL (LIVESTOCK) WASTES (LITERATURE REVIEW), Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C. J.R. Miner. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 42, No 6, p 1171-1179, June 1970.59 ref. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, "Industrial wastes, •Waste water treatment, Odors, Cattle, Crops, Biological treatment, Dairy industry, Poultry. Identifiers: Manure, Feed lots. Recent literature concerning agricultural waste disposal is reviewed. The problems associated with water pollution control related to cattle feed lot ru- noff were discussed in relation to the charac- teristics, handling, treatment, utilization, disposal and odor problems of livestock manure. A review of research pertaining to swine waste management includes discussions of manure properties, applica- tion to cropland, treatment technology, alterna- tives for disposal or utilization, and gases and odors related to manure storage. The production, value, use, and disposal of poultry manure is also in- cluded. The value of poultry manure as a fertilizer for specific crops is discussed. A great deal of study has been made on the gases and odors evolved from manure decomposition and a court case is sited in which an award of $36,000 was made due to water pollution and odors. Some wastes which are characterized are from steer, sheep, poultry, and storm runoff from a variety of cropland. A great deal of study was done on cattle feed lot wastes and various methods of treatment. The application of partly treated livestock wastes to cropland has been of growing interest. The largest problem occurring with this type of disposal is the contamination of the groundwater by nitrogen mostly in the form of nitrates. A variety of biological treatment processes were studied including lagoon, aerated lagoons, ex- tended aeration, anaerobic digestion, and aerobic digestion. (Hancuff-Texas) 1228 - Bl, Dl, El ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL WASTES. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Civil and Agricultural Engineering. Raymond C. Loehr. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol 43, No 4, p 668-678,2 fig, 2 tab, 10 ref. Descriptors: •Farm wastes, •Disposal, •Treatment, •Systems analysis. Runoff. Pollutant, Nutrients, Aerobic treatment. Anaerobic digestion. Dentrifi- cation, Nitrification, Effluents, Legal aspect*. Waste water treatment, Waste disposal. Identifiers: Options, Land disposal, Oxidation ditch, Pollutional characteristics alternatives. The various systems for treating wastes from en- closed confined animal production operations are discussed. There is no one process or waste management system that will be adequate for all animal production operations. Aeration systems such as oxidation ditches are gaining acceptance for waste handling and treatment. It is unlikely that current liquid waste treatment systems for treating concentrated animal waste water will produce ef- fluents that can be discharged to surface water. Land disposal is an integral part of feasible animal waste treatment systems. (Christenbury-Iowa State) 1229 - C5, D4 ANAEROBIC LAGOON TREATMENT OF MILKING-PARLOR WASTES, Kansas Univ.. Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. Raymond C. Loehr, and John A. Ruf. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation. Vol 40, No I, p 83-94, Jan 1968.5 Tig, 4 tab, 14 ref. Descriptors: • Anaerobic conditions, 'Industrial wastes, 'Lagoons, Dairy industry. Animals, Biochemical oxygen demand, Conforms, Efficien- cies, Sewage treatment. Sludge, 'Waste water 343 image: ------- treatment. Identifiers: 'Dairy cattle, 'Field study, Milking parlor, Waste characteristics. A field study of an 80-cow milking parlor and its waste treatment facilities determined that the average flow and BOOS of the milking parlor waste were 760 gpd (2870 l/d) and 1030 mg/l. The flow varied considerably through the day. The first cell was loaded at 9 Ihs BOD5AI/1000 cuft (144 g BOD5/d/cu.m). The summer BOD reduction was 85"/f while during the winter it was only TOT, The BOD5 of the supernatant from the second cell dur- ing the summer ranged from 50 to 100 mg/l. Removal of solids from the lagoons during cold weather adversely influenced the performance of the lagoons. Solids ussumulatcd in the first cell dur- ing winter and were degraded during spring. Coliforf^ reductions in the system exceeded 99CK (Aguirrc-Tcxas) 1230 - Bl, D4, F4 LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS (Litera- ture Review), W.C.Boyle. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation Vol 42, No 6, p 910-916, June 1970. 39 ref. Descriptors: 'Waste water treatment, 'Lagoons •Ponds, Oxidation, Biological treatment, Sewage treatment. Aeration, Temperature, Industrial wastes, Nutrients, Coliform, Efficiency, Poultry Tertiary treatment. A review of the 1969 literature on lagoons and ox- idation ponds is presented. The review includes discussion of principles of aerated lagoon design A pilot plant study to treat box-board white water and paper-board mill waste waters is outlined. Discus- sion of several full scale aerated lagoons is presented and includes the design and cost of treat- ment. A variety of industrial wastes are treated through pond and lagoons: Kraft mill wastes, pulp and paper mill wastes, refinery and chemical wastes, poultry wastes, hog slaughterhouse wastes animal wastes, dairy manure wastes and phenolic wastes. Data are presented on the design, power requirements, organic loadings, efficiencies, effects of temperature, aeration requirements, nutrient requirements, coliform and pathogen removals and influence of detergents. The use of ponds as tertiary process is also discussed for a variety of wastewaters.(Hancuff-Texas) 1231 - A3, F4 ES^I!0?' - ~AND EUTROPHICATION New York State Dept. of Conservation, Ronkon- koma. Jack Foehrenbach. J Water Pollut Contr Federation, Vol 41 ' No 8 I6ref' P l456"1466' A"8 1969- 11 p. 4 fig, I tab,' Descriptors: 'Eutrophicatlon, 'Bays, 'Farm wastes. Poultry, Water pollution sources, Water pollution effects. Dissolved oxygen, Oxygen de- mand, Streamflow, Sport fishing. Commercial fish- ing, Recreation, Ecology, Economics, Fisheries, Pesticides, Waste water disposal. Identifiers: 'Great South Bay, Long Island (NY)'. Great South Bay is located midway between New York City and Montauk Point. Each year sport fisheries gross $4,539,000. In addition, 53,400 Ib of finfish ($12,000) and 4,792.000 Ib of shellfish ($4,250,000) are harvested. Because of poor reciri culation and small inflow of tidal waters, the creek flows of 24 million cu ft/day and groundwater flows of 28 million cu ft/day are helping to increase the nutrient content of the 92-sq mile bay, much of which is less than 8 ft deep. Although the bay has a large assimilative capacity for some forms of pollu- tion, it is reaching a point where additional loads will affect adversely its ecology, economic, and recreational value. (Knapp-USGS) 1232 - C2, C3, C4, F5 WASTE WATER FROM SIMIAN PRIMATE FACILITIES, Tulane Univ., Covington, La. Delta Regional Pri- mate Research Center. E. W. Fritschi,and F. W. Macdonald. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation Vol 43, No 5, May 1971,p 883-889. Descriptors: 'Laboratory animals, 'Waste water treatment. Design criteria. Sampling, Analytical techniques. Evaporation, Biological oxygen de- mand, Urine, Coliforms, Pathogenic bacteria. Animal parasites. Disinfection, Chlorination Loui- siana, 'Treatment facilities. Identifiers: 'Primates, 'Bacteriological analyses Feces. ' ' ' Water and waste water balances Were performed on the Delta Regional Primate Research Center in Covington, Louisiana. Total input of both food and water was measured for selected animals and urine feces, and vomitus of the animals were also col- lected and analyzed. Average food consumption was 3.0% of body weight, and an estimated 50* of the food is wastes. Measurement of the BOD of the collected waste materials established primate wastes as being 3 to 6 times higher in BOD than conventional municipal wastes. No correlation of total solids with genera, age, weight, or sec of the animals was discovered. Primate feces were found to be cruder than human fetes, also and considera- ble difficulty in finding a suitable feed for the dilu- tion water. Further study of this phenomenon has been planned. Monitoring of daily water usage revealed a fairly constant flow. There was little daily fluctuation in cage washwater, since the animal population was fairly constant, and all cages had to be washed. Bacteriological analysis rdvealed a wide variety of organisms Including several non- specific parasites and numerous pathogens. This discovery necessitated that particular attention be given to chlorination and disinfection. (Lowry-Tex- as) ' 1233 * A2, A4, C3. E2 LOSSES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden (England). G. W. Cooke, and R. J. B. Williams. Journal of the Society for Water Treatment and Ex- amination, Vol 19, Part 3, p 253-276, 1970. 7 tab, 34 ref, discussion. Descriptors: ' Water pollution sources, 'Nitrogen, •Nitrates, 'Agricultural watersheds, Phosphorus, Leaching, Soils, Drainage, Lysimeters. Fertilizers, Rainfall, Model studies, Analytical techniques, Arable land. Grasslands, Clays, Liquid wastes, Livestock, Solubility, Phosphates, Subsoil, Domestic animals. Erosion, Wind erosion, Suspended load. Identifiers: 'United Kingdom, Plowing, Nitrogen losses. Nitrogen and phosphorus is introduced to water supplies by leaching of drainage water through agricultural land, by liquid wastes from stockyards and surface runoff from saturated or frozen soil, by movement of fine soil particles down profiles and entering drainage systems, and by erosion of sur- face soil by wind and water. Drainage from well- farmed arable land in England contains, on the average, 10 mg/l of nitrate-nitrogen. Nitrate lots in drainage from productive land cannot be prevented because more nitrogen will be mineralized from soil reserves and crop residue* by microbial action than arable crops can absorb at times. Drainage passing through permeable subsoils to deep water tobies carries nitrate that persists in the water Soluble phosphate fertilizers leach down soil profiles in podzols developed from Bagshot beds which contain only 1-2% clay in the surface while insoluble phosphates are better retained in these topsoils. Phophorus in manure applied in laree amounts annually for 20 years penetrated the sub- soil of light land at Woburn, the only example of soluble phosphates in arable soils reaching drainage systems. Watercourse contamination may occur where stock are kept on smalt areas. (Joneii- wiscortsin) 1234 - A2, Bl, C2, C3, C4 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIMNOLOGY Of,A. POND RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Zoolo- DaleW.Toetz. : Jl,p30-35.1971.4fig™2tab, iTref^ S< .-Vol Descriptors: 'Oxidation lagoons. 'Water pollution ™ Ji f a™ *aste>- Oklahoma, Cyanophyta, Chlorella Ions, Phytoplankton, Nitrates, Nitrogen fixation. Algae, Conductivity. Chlorophyll Pi«- ments, Dispersion, Runoff . r J • "s Identifiers: •Feedtots, Lemna. A small pond receiving runoff torn a hog yard was dominated by « large population of blue-green dgw and phytoftagellates during summed aid by Chlorella sp during winter. Heavy rainfalls I^f8,!: ^""^ fOMentatkm of water and al- tered the phytoplankton composition. Occasional concentration of oxygen below 5 mg/1 and hi*h ammonia content suggested that the pond isluS- fi8h culture- 1235 - A2, C4 BOD DETERMINATIONS ON FEEDLOT RU- Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Civil Engineer- ing. T. J. McGhee, R. L. Torrens, and R. J. Smaus. Water «nd Sewage Works. Vol 119. No 6, June 1972. p 58-61. 7 fig, 1 tab, 20 ref. OWRR A-022- NEB (2). Descriptors: 'Analytical techniques, 'Biochemi- cal oxygen demand, 'Pollutant identification, •Cattle, Organic matter, Chemical oxygen de- mand, Oxygen demand, 'Feed lots, 'Farm wastes, Identifiers: 'Cattle feedlot runoff, Ultimate BOO. During laboratory studies of the aerobic treatment of feedlot runoff it was observed that significant reductions in the COD of the waste were not reflected in a similar reduction in BOD as deter- mined by the standard 5-day tests. The rate at which the oxygen demand was exerted, the dura- tion of the BOD test necessary to actually measure' the pollution effect of such wastes and the general applicability of the standard BOD test to feedlot wastes were investigated. It was concluded that the standard 3-day BOD determination was not an adequate measure of the pollution potential of feedlot runoff as feedlot runoff contained slowly degradable organic materials which would exert a significant oxygen demand over periods in excess of 20 days. The chemical oxygen demand test was a superior technique although it usually yielded higher results than the actual ultimate BOD. (Gal- wardi-Texas) 1236 - A4, C4 MIGRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN A GLACIAL OUTWASH ENVIRONMENT, »»"»"«- Washington State Univ., Pullman. James W. Crosby. HI, Donald L. Johnstone, and Robert L. Fenton. Water Resources Research, Vol 7, No I, p 204- 344 image: ------- 208. February 1971. 5 p, 5 flg. 11 ref. OWRR Pro- ject B-005-WASH (3). Descriptors: 'Path of pollutant*. •Glacial drift, •Farm wastes, •Confinement pem, Coliformi, Nitrate*, Nutrientt, Sohitet, Soil water movement, Groundwater, Washington, Water pollution tourcei, Chloride*. SoU moisture. Identifiers: FeedlotsCattle),Outwasb (Glacial). A teat drilling program wai conducted at a dairy in the Spokane Valley, Washington, to determine the effects of feedlot operation on groundwater quali- ty. Coliform bacteria, enterococci, and fecal colifomu were found to disappear within a relative- ly few feet of the ground surface. Chlorides and nitrates, however, were persistent in depth and may actually reach the groundwater body. The low natural moisture content of the soil, coupled with the apparent high moisture tensions, suggests that soil moisture is not presently moving downward in the system. It is concluded that the downward migration of inorganic chemicals from the feedlot environment mutt represent an early phase of the operation, which b arrested as organic mattei are formed in near-turUce layers. (Knapp-USGS) Agricultural Engineering. P. O. Ngoddy, J. 0. Harper, R. K. Collins. O. D. Wtlls.andF.A.Heidar. Copy available from OPO Sup Doc EP2.10:13040 DKP 06/71, $1.23; microfiche from NTIS aa PB 211 022, $0.95. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Control Research Series, June 1237 - A2, Bl, Cl POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF SALMONID FISH HATCHERIES, Kramer, Chin and Mayo, Seattle, Wain. Paul B. Liao. Water and Sewage Works, Vol 117. No 12, p 291- 297,1970.6 flg, 3 tab, 15 ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, •FUh hatcheries, 'Salmonlds, Water requirements, Tem- perature, Nutrients, Algae, Weeds, Taite, Odor, Pathogenic bacteria, Organic wastes, Solid wastes, Chemicals. Michigan. California. Tubiflcids. Colorado, Water pollution control, Washington, Chemical oxygen demand, Biochemical oxygen de- mand, Dissolved oxygen, Hydrogen Ion concentra- tion. Ammonia, Nitrates, Phosphates, Suspended load. Dissolved solids. Effluents. Identifier!: Settleable solids. Hatchery effluents, Parasites, Jordan River (Mich), San Joaquin River (Calif). Rife Falls (Colo), Fish fecal wastes. Residual food. Green River (Wash), Cowlltt Trout Hatchery (Wash). Water pollution problems associated with salntonid hatchery operations Include nutritional en- richment, algae and weed growth, taste, odor, set- tleable solids, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, or- ganic matter, chemicals and drugs. Fish fecal wastes and residual food are moat serious because they are encountered continuously under normal operating procedures; after field testing, these wastes are classified into organic, nutrient and solid pollutants. The average biochemical oxygen de- mand (BOD) concentration of hatchery effluents during pond cleaning Is several times greater than during normal operation; cloaely related to BOD, is the dissolved oxygen level. The nutrient pollutants, nitrate and phosphate, are end-products of decom- position of fish food. The hatchery effluent tested may stimulate algal growth and cause algal blooms under certain conditions. The high percentage of suspended and settleabla solids indicates that most solids in the cleaning water will be deposited on the itream bottom below the hatchery. Proper feeding would greatly reduce rate of pollutant production. The pollution potential of hatchery cleaning water b comparably to domestic sewage when diluted with infiltration water. Hatchery operating im- provements should include proper fish loading techniques, proper feeding procedures, and water Mipply adjustments. (Jones-Wisconsin) 1238 - Bl, D2, D4, E3 CLOSED SYSTEM WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR LIVESTOCK, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Descriptor*: •Farm wastes, 'Water reuse, •Separation techniques, Screens, Suspended solids, Particle size. Sludge, Odor, Economic feasibility. Technical feasibility. Performance Cattle, Hogs, Analytical techniques, 'Waste water treatment. Identifiers: 'Waste management. A vibrating screen separator has been developed for liquid-solid separation of livestock wastewater. Pilot tests on swine and b«ef cattle wastewater have shown that the resistant or slowly biodegradable solids are effectively removed on vibrating screens ranging in mesh size from no. 60 to no. 120. Although measurably less efficient than conventional dewatering devices such as cen- trifuges and vacuum filters, the gravity dewatering vibrating screen separation is better suited to the economic scale of the average livestock operation. The removal of resistant solids from wastewater prior to stabilization substantially improves the performance of biological treatment systems by enhancing the controlling transport and kinetic mechanisms in such processes. Screened solids are odorless, stable, and storable over long periods without an odor nuisance or pollutional problem. The liquid fraction can be partially reclaimed by biodcgndation and recycled as transport water. A number of candidate livestock waste management designs integrating the salient features of the study have been proposed. (Lowry-Texas) 1239 — A4, Bl, D4 DRAIN INSTALLATION FOR NITRATE REDUCTION, Southwestern Irrigation Field Station, Brawley, California; Soil Conservation Service, Fresno. California; and U. S. Bureau of Reclamation. Sacramento, respectively. L. S. Willardson. B. D. Meek, L. E. Grass, G. L. Dickey, and J, W. Bailey. Paper presented at the 1969 Winter Meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chi- cago. Illinois, December 9-12, U69, Paper No. 69-734, g p., 2 tab., 2 fig. Descriptors: •California, 'Drains, 'Installation, •Nitrates, Permeability, Sumps, 'Irrigation, Electrical conductance. Leaching, Percolation, •Groundwater, 'DenltriflcaUon. Identifiers: "/San Joaquin Valley. Panoche sUty clay. Because farmers remove more nitrates from the soil than they put Into it, denitriflcaUon or reducing nitrates to nitrogen gas, la sometimes desirable, A field experiment was Installed in California's San Joaquin Valley to test submer- gence of drains as a means of denitrificatlon. The Panoche silty clay area was Irrigated four Unus during the months of July and August Samplei made of the soil showed that the side of the drain oriented toward the ground water source had the highest reading of nitrate con- tent. Thl* indicated that soil denitriflcaUon de- pends ultimately upon saturation from irriga- tion as well as sufficient presence of organic carbon matter and a shortage of oxygen. Along with soil denltrificatlon. ground water with Ugh nitrate content was also diluted. (Frantz - East CentraU. Proc Rudolfs Res Conf, Rutgers Univ. New Brun- iwick, NJ. Principles and Application! in Aquatic Microbiology, Heukelekian, H and Dondero, Nor- man C (eds), John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, pp 202-229.1964. I fig, 2 tab. 52 ref, disc. Descriptors: 'Bacteria, 'Conforms, •Pollutants, Sanitary engineering. Water, Foods. Soils, Gases. Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide, Fermentation, Plants, Cattle, Grains (Crops), Biochemistry, Microorgan- ism!. Milk, Acid bacteria. Carbohydrates, Phyiiochemical properties. Animals, Statistical methods. Birds, Human diseases. Sheep, Geo- graphical regions, United States, Inspection, Spores, Hydrogen sulflde, E coli. Identifiers: 'Physiology, 'Bacillus coli, Taxonomy, Health, Aerobacter aerogenes, Feces, Glucose, Morphology, Bacterium coli. Bacterium aerogenes, Motility, Coli communis, B lactcs-aerogcnes, Sucrose, Lactose, Dulcitol, Raffinose. Mannitol, Methyl, Indole, Tryptophan, Ehrlich reaction. Vibrio cholera. Pigs, Types. Acetylrnethyl-car- binol. Citrate, Uric acid, Cellobiose, Liquefaction, Eijkman test. Although the methodologies for distinguishing between the coliform strains of fecal and non-fecal origin are adequate for pollution, the perfect test has not been developed. The gas ratio (Hydrogen:Carbon dioxide) differential test seemed to solve the problem of differentiating the coliform bacteria of fecal origin from those of plant or soil origin but was unadaptable as a routine method. As laboratory procedure, the methyl red test was recommended as of equal value. Since cer- tain assumptions were not valid, its use as a reference procedure was rejected. The property of producing indole from tryptophan has been exten- sively applied. The indole reaction by coliform bac- teria from feces of warm-blooded animals is generally positive in excess of 90 percent, although approximately one-fifth of the coliform bactena from unpolluted soils can also produce indole. The Voges-Proskauer test, traditionally used as a tax- onomic characteristic, is useful in separating fecal from non-fecal coliform group when the data are interpreted statistically. The citrate utilization reaction is useful, on a statistical basis, for separat- ing fecal and non-fecal types. The tests, methyl red, indole, Voges-Proskauer, citrate, none entirely satisfactory individually, combined (1MVIC test), yielded the best classification. The elevated tem- perature test was superior to other procedures in simplicity. (Jones-Wise) 1240 - C4 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM GROUP, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cin- cinnati, Ohio. Div. of Water Supply and Pollution Control. Harold F. Clark, and Paul W. Kabler. 1241 - C3, C4 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RUMEN PROTOZOA, Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Md. Animal Husbandry Research Div. J. Gutierrez, and R. E. Davis. Proc Rudolfs Res Conf, Rutgers Univ, New Brun- swick, NJ. Principles and Applications in Aquatic Microbiology, Heukelekian, H and Dondero, Nor- man C (eds), John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp 394- 404, 1964.2fig, 1 tab, 17ref,disc. Descriptors: 'Ruminants, 'Protozoa, 'Bacteria, Cattle, Reproduction, Metabolism, Amino acids, Tracers, Proteins, Chromatography, Fermentation, Digestion, Lipids, Manometers, Streptococcus, Al- Identifiers: 'Rumen, 'Physiology, Casein, Isotrichs, Holotrichs, Paramecium, Isotricha prostoma, Isotricha intestinalis, Dasytricha, Diplodinium ecaudatum, E modi ni urn simplex, Ophryoscolex caudatus, Starch, Epidinium ecau- datum, Diplococcus, Peptostreptococcus. Some functions carried out by rumen protozoa are: producing fatty acids which are absorbed yielding energy to the host; aiding digestion of ingested-sub- strates-starch, cellulose, and bacteria; serving as a source of protein for the host. Tracer experiments showed they are able to incorporate ammo acids. As a source of protein, the protozoa furnished 20% 345 image: ------- of the ho« requirement. Protozoan protein wu found to have a higher nutritive value than bacteri- al or yeast protein. Protein contributed to the host was calculated for several protozoa with the cellu- lar nitrogen content experiments. Paper chro- matography of acid-hydrolyzed suspensions has in- dicated a long list of amino acids contained in the protozoa! protein, available to the host. The quan- titative experiment* on ammonia production from casein show that, for some rumen protozoa, am- monia can be an important product of nitrogen metabolism. They contribute to lipid metabolism of the rumen. All the common genera of protozoa are bacteria feeders. Protozoan requirements for growth were studied by in vitro culture work. Of the several media developed, ground rice starch, al- falfa, and Streptococcus bovis, made a successful medium. Attempts to grow the protozoa without living bacteria have been unsuccessful. (Jones- Wise) 1242 - A9, C4, E'2, E3, F5 stunest period c>t time. Under such conJiuonj. ii j$ not possible for these animals to drop their wastes on pasture* where the wastes can be absorbed by iwture without adversely affecting the environ. mem. Animal waste* have been shown to be a major source of surface water pollution. This paper mentions cases of pollution that have been c«u**d by animal wastes and animal production open- rwn». It Jiscuue* the trend toward confine™™; feeding operations and the magnitude of the problem in the future, tt also demonstrates ih* peed to consider animal wastes when developing or protecting water resources. (Scncca-Rutgers) 1244 - A9, C4. F5 rone ' V" En«meerin«- Symp on Mimic Sewage Effluent for Frrig, July 30 ' P 75-'°4' Descriptors: 'Water reuse, 'Pathogenic bacteria •Viruses, 'Oroundwater movement, Municipal wastes, Irrigation water, Artificial recharge, FUfra lion. Sorption Infiltration, Percolatfon Soil ' contart"'»«°<>. Soil physical Identifiers: Municipal waste recharge. RELATED Colorado UnlvTD^nver. Dept. of Microbiology. Stuart O.Dunlop. Symp on Munic Sewage Effluent for Irrig, July 30, o«'LouWwwPoJytechInst,Ruiton,pp 107-121, 1968. lap, 1 tab,62ref. Descriptors: 'Hazards, 'Irrigation water. •Rectoimed water, 'Municipal wastes, Pathogenic bacteria, Viruses, Parasitism, Waste treatment. En- vironmental sanitation. Identifiers: Waste water irrigation. The hazard* to health caused by irrigation with reclaimed municipal waste water are surveyed. No disease outbreaks have been traced to irrigation with properly treated and disinfected sewage, but many epidemics have been caused by irrigation with improperly treated wastes. The same stan- da™« we recommended for effluents as tor any other irrigation water. Survival times of pathogenic organisms in water are discussed and tabulated. (K- 1245 - A2, Bl Okla. .. S. Kcrr Water Researcn Center. Ada. The movement of pathogenic organisms through soils recharged with contaminated water is discussed. Pathogens have a wide variety of physi- cal and biological characteristics, including wide ranges of size, shape, surface properties, and die- away rates. The processes of filtration by soil in- clude straining at the soil surface, straining at inter- grain contacts, sedimentation, and sorption by toil particles. Straining of pathogens at the soil surface and sorption of viruses near the soil surface is iffi^itt^eyssz y^^^siifffSSSR ^^^s^^^^SA sfflWtf^*9-''^^ irrigation with treated sewage. Wide experience in irrigation with treated sewage indicates that it is safe provided that at least primary treatment is used, and provided that the crops are not con- sumed directly by humans. Secondary treatment and chlorjnadon is recommended for aesthetic reason*. (Knapp-USOS) W. R. Duffer, R. D. Krels, and C. C. Harlin. Jr. Water Pollution Control Research Series. Environmental Protection De*criptor*: Reservoirs, 'FUhkffl. , •Dissolved oxygen, Runoff. 'Feedlot*, Organic wastes. Nutrients. PhytopUnkton. Light penetra- tion, Zooplankton, Bethoa, 'Ftnn wastes. Water pollution sources, Cattle, Identifiers: Solids concentrations, 1243 - A2, F4 THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL WASTES ON WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES, Kanssi Univ., Lawrence, Kan*. Raymond C. Loehr. Proceedings of the Third Annual American Water Resources Conference. 1967. pp 314*324. 11 p, 2 fig, 2ub,2aref. Descriptors: 'Animal wastes. Wastes. Water pollu- tion sources, Cattle. Fuhkill, Waste disposal. Kan- sas, Runoff, Nitrogen, Drainage. Diseases. Water pollution effect*. Identifiers: Animal production trends. Animal con- finement trends. Organic pollution. Inorganic pol- lution. Until recently animal wastes have been considered ai part of the natural'pollution of a region Animal production is dunging (i&m imill farm operations into large scale industrial enterprises. There to an .increasing trend to confine animals within small areas to produce the greatest weight gain in the Effecta of rainfall runoff from a beef cattle feedlot on the water quality of a small impoundment were determined. Change* in chemical concentration of impounded water and change* in the community •tructure of aquatic organisms were measured and related to the amount and composition of feedlot runoff received. Water quality changes were also monitored in a nearby reservoir which received no feedlot ninoff to serve a* a control. Rainf aD from feedlot* was retained in collection pond* and pumped into the impoundment over a relatively abort period of time, creating in effect a 'alug' discharge conditon. Change* fa chemical concen- tration or population structure of organism* were not apparent for discharge* of about one-part feedlot runoff to 40 parts receiving water. Runoff dlKharBe* for two pumpiiig i>*ricpuiation level* decreased for organism* having negative tolerance* for low dissolved oxygen andhlgTiam- monia concentration*. The moat dramatic reduc- tion in the biological community was the suffoca- tion of about 90% of the game fiah in the impound- ment Reduction in population levels of 'stressed' organism* was followed by increased productivity of phototropca in response to higher nutrient con- centration*. (Dariaod-Iowa State) 1246 - Al, Bl, F2 FEEDLOT WASTE MANAGEMENT. Missouri River Basin Animal Waste Management, Kansas City, Mo. Pilot (Steering) Task Group. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1971. 45 P. 2 fig. Descriptor*: 'Water pollution control. Confine- ment pen*, Cattle, Pollutants, Non-structural al- ternatives. Path of pollutants. Water law, Legiala- tton. Regulation, Farm wastes, Livestock, Management, Financing, Missouri River, River Beau*. Identifiers: Technical assistance. Bade information on the problem of beef cattle feedlot waste management and the pollution aris- ing from these operations 1* presented in a non- technical manner. The factor* that cause feedlot* to pollute and the magnitude pollutants may reach are discussed along with some management fac- tor* and structural and mechanical mean* to hem control water pollution. Source* of technical and financial assistance in design and layout of control facilities and the water poDutfon control aaendei 2*1*5* "" *Ul,louri Ww *••« «ates are listed. Existing animal waste control regulation* are alto fumishedfor these ten state*. (EPA abstract) 1247 - Al, F2. PS DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES. Oregon Administrative Rules Compilation, ch 340, tecs 43-003 thru 43-023 (1970). Descriptors: 'Oregon, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste diipoial, 'Pollution abatement, Water pollution, Ultimate disposal. Regulation, Administrative agencies. Liquid wastes, Organic wastes, Solid wastes, Pollutants, Waste water diiposal. Legisla- tion, Legal aspect*. Farm wastes, Confinement pens. Hogs, Cattle, Canneries, Industrial plants, Poods. Poultry, Livestock. Unless'the Depsrtment of Environmental Quality provides an exemption, all fruit and vegetable processing plants shsll provide efficient facilities to remove all suspended and Hosting materials from the wastes resulting from canning and freeiint processing. All solids retained by a standard twenty mesh screen shall be removed from liquid wastes by screening or other approved method and disposed of in a non-polluting manner. Wastes from slaughterhouses and meat packing plants shall be disposed of in a manner that will prevent direct or indirect entry into public waters. All blood shall be collected and disposed of separately from other wastes. Minure snd hoc stomach contents shall be collected separately and used as fertilizer, land-fill, or In some other approved manner. All fleshings grease particles, hair and other solid materials shall be collected by dry cleaning of floors and by screening of wastes. Adequate grease recovery basins shall be installed. Slmiliar provisions govern the disposal Of wastes In poultry killing and packing plants. To prevent water pollution from solid wastes, hog feeding yards and holding pens shall be constructed so that they can and will be dry cleaned before being washed down. (Oallaiher- Florida) 1248 -, A2, A4, F4 LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN TEXAS AS KE- __ QUALITY, REPORT 346 image: ------- Texts Water Quality Bo»rd, Austin. D.Pittman. and P. Harris. Texas Water Quility Board. Auilin. 1970, 30 p, 5 lib. lOref. Descriptors: 'Tex.*, 'W.ter quality, 'Live«tock. »F*rm wastes. 'W**te trettment, 'Poultry, Waites. Solid wistes, Cattk. Hog*, Sheep. Waste disposal, Farm management. Trends are diteussed in animal populations in Tex- ai management technique* employed by animal producers, and ch»r*cteristic* of animal waite* and treatment method* used. In addition, typical and/or economical animal producing unit* in Texai are deicribed, with an explanation of cur- rent oractices used to control water pollution caused by animal waitei. A number of conclu.ion* ire made from the material preiented. The num- beri of beef cattle, sheep and poultry in Tew* are increiting. There ii a trend to confine animate and feed them for more efficient production. Charac- teristics of animal waste* are variable making It difficult to determine the pollution*! effect* of the waitei and to recommend adequate treatment. Biological and chemical change* often occur in waite. from confined feeding area*. Conventional domeitic waite treatment *y*temi are a* yet not feaiibly adaptable to animal wattes. Current animal waite management for controlling runoff from confined feeding area* include the uie of divenion terrace*, ditche* and retention ponds with irrigation facilitiei for dewatering the pond*. (Poertner) 1249 - Bl F2 AGRICULTURAL* AND RELATED WASTES Reasons'No. 28-18-1 thru 28-18-4. Kama* De- partment of Health. EnvlronmenuU Health Ser- view, Topeka. Kaniaa, May, 1967.4 p. Descriptor.: *Wa*te dtopoeal, •Kansas. 'Domestic animate, 'Water pollution control, Water pollu- Son. State government!, State jurisdiction, Ad- mlntetratlon. Regulation. Admlntotratlve agenciei, Leaal aspect., Permit*. Standard*, Water pollution »uree*."reann.nt facllltle*. Public healthVCattle. Sheep, Farm wa«te«, Farm*. The operator of any newly proposed or editing confined feeding operation mutt register with the department of health. All application form* .hall contain information regarding general feature* of wpography, drainage course, and Identification of ultimate primary receiving «ream». If a conftaed feeding operation commute* a water pollution hazard the operator mutt provide water pollution control facilities which shall be constructed in ac- cordance with plan* and specifications approved by the department. Such water pollution control facili- tie* ihall not be placed in use until a permit ha* been issued by the board of health. If a water pollu- tion control facility's permit te revoked, the owner or operator of the confined feeding operation in- volved shall be allowed to finish feeding extetlng animal*, but may not place any more animate In the reeding area until the minimal requirement* are ISei The regulation eitabUahe* the mlntaum requirement* for water pollution contrcJ facilitiei used for the conftaed feeding of cattle, wine. •hera and other animal*. All such faculties mutt be oeerated and maintained to at to prevent water SZtlon and protect the public health and the leneflclal uie* of the Mate's waters. (Horwitt- Florlda) 1250 - A2, A3, A4, AS, C3 DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATES AND OTHER WATER POLLUTANTS UNDER FIELDS AND CORRALS IN THE MIDDLE SOUTH PLATTE VALLEY OF COLORADO, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Northern Plain* Branch; and Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins. B. A. Stewart, f. G. Viets, Jr.,G. L. Hutchinson, W.D.Kcmpcr.andF. E.Clark. U S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS 41-134. December 1967, 206 p. 31 fig. 25 tab, Href. Descriptors: 'Nitrate*. 'Ammonia, 'Water pollu- tion sources, 'Cores, Fields, Plants. Alfalfa, Cereal crops. Irrigated land, Colorado, Groundwater, Per- colation. Identifier*: Native grassc*, Fcedlots, Corrals, South Plattc Valley (Colo). Cores representing nonirrigated fields in native grill, cultivated nonirrigutcd field*, irrigated field* in alfalfa, irrigated fields in crops other than alfalfa, and corrali were obtained from northeastern Colorado during 1966. Cultivated nonirrigated fields usually contained small accumulations of nitrate below the root zone. Native gran* ficjd*, or- dinarily, did not show nitrate accumulation in core profile!. Significant quantities of nitrate were found in most core* from irrigated field* with row cropi or cereal grains. Alternately, core* from irrigated alfalfa fields generally contained Significant amounts of nitrate. Amounts of nitrogen as nitrate found under corral* were extremely varied, ranging from almost none to more than 5000 pounds/acre in a 20-foot profile. Evidence disclosed that dcnitrification was occurring under fcedloti, even at several feet below the surface, consequently, much of nitrate under fecdloti will probably never reach the water table. Water samples beneath several corrals contained large amounts of organic carbon and ammonia and possessed offensive odor. Bacterial counts under corrali were considerably higher than under other areas, especially at lower depth*. These finding* indicate tome pollution of groundwater by deep percolation it occurring from corral., but more studle. are required before sig- University, Fort Collins, p 94-102, 1970. 9 p, 8 fig, 6 tab, 6 ref. Descriptors: 'Water pollution sources, 'Ground- water, 'Surface waters. 'Nitrogen compounds, Il- linois, Hydrologk cyele, Fertilizers, Industrial waste*, Decomposing organic matter. Organic wastes, Domeitic waites. Livestock, Precipitation (Atmospheric). Water quality. Chemical analysis, Soils, Soil water. Seepage, Sorption, Crops, Nitrate*. Nitrogen level* in surface waters that exceed established standards are evidence of mans intru- sion in the environment and the cause of deteriora- tion in water quality. Thirty-nine million tons of chemical fertilizer* were applied in the United State* in 1967, of which approximately 6 million ton* was nitrogen. In Illinois about 23% of all water sample* from well* SO feet deep or less have been found to contain an excesiive concentrition of nitrate, that ii, above the 43 milligram* per liter level. The sources of nitrogen in Illinois lurface and lubiurface waters are varied and often difficult to identify. Known source! of pollution include precaution, human waites, crop reiiduei, decom- poilng animal or plant tissue, induitrial watte*, and nitrogen fertilizer. At the present time there is no known practical and economical way of r«°«™« these excess nitrates. Membrane technique* and bio"glc«l method, both have potential for or. vent- Ing pollution of water by nutrient., uU*. and mineral*, whether the source Ii fertilizer, Irrigation water, tewage, or induitrial waite*. (Woodard-USGS) 1253 - Bl, C2, C3, C4, D4 WATtR QUALITY CHANGES IN CONFINED HOC WASTE TREATMENT, wiiBm, UUL imiiB »IUUIWB •!« IVUUIIVM w*Mt«* ••(- ™unsaH i*n .» • o^lln ±BB±3saa-—-- gHSafHwaTn-affi ref/OWRR Project A-OI1-KAN. 1251 - A2, A6, C5 AIRBORNE AMMONIA EUTROPHIES LAKES. Agricultural Research (USDA). Vol. 19, No. 2. p 8-9, August 1970. Descriptor*: 'Ammonia, 'Eutrophtcation, •Nitrogen, Algae, Water pollution lources. Colorado, Cattle, Urine, Path of pollutant*, Farm wait**. Identifiers: Feedlots. Ammonia traps and rain gages wer* Installed at flv* iltes and In two control areai In Colorado to deter- mine the rate at which ammonia te adsorbed directly from the air by water lurfaces under dif- ferent conditions of temperature and climate at various distances and direction* from cattle feedlot*. In one northeast Colorado lake a tittle over a mile from a large feedlot, the surface ad- sorbed about 30 pound* of nitrogen as ammonia per acre per year, This amount is sufficient to eutrophy a lake averaging 20 feet In depth to two or three times the concentration needed for algal blooms. Indications are that even small feedlott may release enough ammonia to have an effect on nearby water lurface and that airborne ammonia from feedloti may contribute more nitrogen than runoff and deep percolation from the same source*. (Mortland-Battelle) 1252 - A2, A4, A9, C3, F4 NITRATE POLLUTION OF WATER, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana. Julius H. Dawes.Thurston E. Larson.and Robert H.Harmeson. In: Frontier* In Conservation, Proceedlngi 24th Annual Meeting Soil Conservation Society of America, August 10-13, 1969, Colorado State Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Waste •Aerobic treatment. »Hogs. Farm lagooi basin*. Soil di.poial field*. Sewage treatment. Disposal, Environmental engineering, aiuage disposal, Waste storage. Identifier!: Hoj farm wa»u*. Treatment methods for the waites of confined hogs arc examined. Confined-animal wastes ate a major pollution problem. There are about 55 million no;* in the U.l. and their watte* »re largely «n««J"«'l When they occupy a large ana, foraging for rood, thii it no problem, but under confinement the problem is similar to that of municipal waste disposal. A facility contiating of an aerobic biotagi- cal treatment system for 10,000 hogs wa* studied. An important consideration was odor control because of a nearby metropolitan area. Recycled effluent was used for raw-waste input dilution, and paddle-wheel aerators were selected for high ox- vgen transfer efficiency and low operating cost. Each building had an aeration ditch under iu slotted floor for aerobic processing, and final •Jispuial was by a 2-stage infiltration pond system and field spreading of solid*. Measurements w«i* made of DO, BOD, COD. pH, suspended solid*. N. and truce metals. Chemical analysis results and cc*i data are tabulated. Operation expense is about 1-2 cents per hog per day. Stream pollution is prevented or greatly reduced and odors arc no problem. (Ktwpp-USGS) 1254 - C4 ISOLATION OF ANAEROBES. Academic Frets, Inc.. New York, N.Y. 1971. D.A. Shapton and R. G. Board, editors. 257 p. 347 image: ------- Descriptors: 'Isolation, 'Cultures, Soil bacteria ProUwsa, Fungi, Photo-synthetic bacteia, Sulfur i.cteria, Nitrogen fixing bacteria. Soil microor- ganisms, Clostndium, Enteric bacteria, Bioassay Animal wastes. Poultry, Ruminants, Sediments' Foods, Soils. Identifiers: •Enumration, Enrichment, Cellu- lolytic bacteria, Lipolytic bacteria, Bac- teriodaceae, Biological samples, Bacteroides fragflis, Sphaerophorus, Fusiformis, Zymomonas anaerobia, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes Microaerophflic vibrio, Anaerobes, Culture media, Feces, Tissue, Entodinium caudatum, En- todinium simplex, Epidinium ecaudatum cau- datum, Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Actino- myces, Leptotrichia, Veillonella. Methods are presented for culturing, isolating, and enumerating anaerobic microorganisms including Uostndia; enteric bacteria; anaerobic bacteria of man, ruminants, poultry, and horses; photosynthetic bacteria; nitrogen-fixing bacteria; sulfur bacteria; protozoa; and fungi. The methods are used for isolating the bacteria from animal tis sue. food, feces, soU, intestines, bovine rumen and the human mouth. (Holoman-BatteUe) 1255 - A2. A9, Bl, E4 DISEASES OF FEEDLOT CATTLE, R. Jensen, and D. R. Mackcy . Pa- 1!"1- 2nd Edi- JSf •tjon> _ Water pollution, 'Waste Nutrients, Farm wastes, 'Monitoring. Radioacv* f "cer solutions, Sdntil- nnlfn™ratOIX eJtPerin»e'" «""> carried out using SomK to n^'lT"* and "dioactive tricw solutions to monitor movement of phosphorus e " colum'P««d with a* - ever, soils have a finite capacity for adsorb- ng phosphate, and continuous flushing af in J££aiUOIl may Cai*e tte P^sphate to move quickly to great depths, thus affecting ground water. Therefore, the design of must be considered inTder to * d!?eaie'- CatUe- , Water pollution sources. 1257 - A2, Bl, Cl, D2, El OWaboina Agricultural Experiment Station, StiD- A.F.Butchbaker.J.E.Oarton.G.W A, Mahoney. and M.D. Paine. >">W-A- Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Control Research Series gy, 'Pathogenic bacteria, 'Wildlife, 'Livestock Salmonella, Potable water. Identifiers: Arizona group pathoginic organisms. An investigation of the presence of enteric disease producing bacteria in a high quality mountain stream in Colorado yielded 11 isolants of members of the genus Salmonella and 51 isolants of organ- isms belonging to the Arizona group. An improved method for the recovery of these organisms from high quahty water was developed and used success- fully. The presence of these potentially pathogenic bacteria, which appeared to be the result of con- tamination by wild or domestic animals, may be a potential hazard to public health. 1259 - B2, D4 l^-SSSffiSRS? P°NDS "» California Univ., Davis; and Kansas State Univ Manhattan. '' Samuel A. Hart, and Marvin E. Turnet Advance in Water Quality Improvement, (Editors Gloyna. E. F., and Eckenfelder, W W Jr) A6u3stmja|«as. Univ of Texas Press, 1968, p 457. . ^reatment- 'Stabilization, si j 'r.-Desigr crltena. 'Anaerobic digestion Sludge, PHPMJ. Odors, Mosquitoes. Insea con-' trol. Subsurface waters. Inflation, Biochemical Emphasmng the diseases of feedlot cattle this and other resniratorv Unfa* fa'dUu«8UCAnerrS loMes to <&*>** '»'- tening industry. All chapters are revised for this ediuon. with up-to-date' „*onnaUo™ added ^n fceatmentt, including the use of thiamine hydrochlonde for poBoencephalomalacia. New preventive measures are discussed, such as the vaccine for the protection against shipping fever. The economic importance of each disease is given and the problems of feedlot pollution of waterTsoil and air are considered fully. New chapters cover such important topics as preconditioning, adapting cattle to the change in diet from roughage to co!£ ccntrate, bluetongue, necrotic posthitis and high mountain disease. A subject index is included^ Copyright 1972. Biological Abstracts, Inc. 1256 — A4, C3, E2 MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANT PHOS- PHORUS IN SATURATED SOILS, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Depart- ment of Agricultural Engineering. P. Goodrich. PH D Thesis. Purdue University, Department of Agricultural.Engineering. 1970, 135 P., 3 tab,. Descriptors: 'Phosphates. Soil contamination, •Saturated soils, Isotherms. Sands, Diffusion, •Adsorption, Clay, 'Soil Columns. Radlolsotopes, Denltriflcation, Waste water (pollution). Elec- tromagnetic waves. Instrumentation, Effluents, Descriptors: 'Farm wastes. 'Feedlou, *Manaae- ment, 'Agricultural runoff, intimate disposal Cost analysis. Water pollution control. Cattle! Operation and maintenance. Separation techniques, Oxidation lagoons. Transportation •Waste water treatment, 'Waste treatment Identifiers: *Feedlot waste •"•"-t-mcnt alterna- tives. Alternative beef waste management systems were examined to determine minimum cost systems for effective watte disposal. Design and cost infforma- tion was obtained from feedlot visits and the litera- ture. A computer program was developed for use with a Conversational Programming System (CPS) for calculating the sizes of equipment and facilities and for estimating the facility and machinery operating and investment cost*. For open feedlots two waste management systems, solid and runoff- — — — — •- «• ••••••• •/ BM*u*»f owuu •uu rUuuII- «med, were considered. The total system invest- ment post for . 20,000 head unpavedI feedlot with noDUtlAfl CVmtml lima MMMMWMMM,*.^!.. *A4A A*wt „ •_• ^•"•ITI^ vcu auu * — •^••t ^••«^' *» M*UU w»t«i. The pen facilities were about 6596 of the total in- vestment cost, toe runoff control system about ment buildings with steMedfloors using slurry taut dling methods or with solid floors using solid han- dling methods offer a high potential for c~~.i-.-i.. Identifiers: •Agricultural wastes. 'Manure sta- bilization pond. 'Livestock manure characteristics tfc»"«i ?dty """' c1ond aPP«arance and local tion, Sludge digestion, Sludge disposal. In contrast to sewage and other wastewater sta- enization ponds, manure disposal ponds are ex- pected to accept very large amounts of organic solid matter, often with scarcely enough water to get the wastes into the pond. The objective is sta- bilization and disposal of organic matter rather than water purification; effluent is lacking; make- mP»^ftefnrmTnine^ed' Biocnenlical oxygen de- mand (BOD) loading ranges up to 1200 Ibs/acre/day; anaerobic conditions predominate- and are functionally comparable to open unheated sludge lagoons or conventional sludge digesters Research during the past 5 years confirms depen- dence on anaerobic processes to stabilize agricul- tural wastes. Major design criteria are: (1) control odors, (2) control fly and mosquito production (31 prevent infiltration of pond fiquor to subsurface natural waters, (4) proper siting for aesthetic pur- poses Other important design considerations relate to: volume and depth criteria, summer sludge up- welling requirements and winter sludge submersion requirements, manure inlet location, sludge build- up rates and removal, pond water levels, effluent runoff control, pond geometry and, plant and in- sect control. (D'Arezzo-Texas) A Pionutlng system for near c^S'pSK control is a cable scraper system underneath a •totted floor for daily removal and rtspwaToftb£ WB*e*i'.A manure irrigation system costs about one-half as much as mechanically conveyinff the 1258 - A3, A9, C4 I Fan-, and S. M. Morrison. Descriptors: 'Water quality. 'Aquatic microbiolo- 1260 — A3, F4 NONPOINT RURAL SOURCES OP WATER POLLUTION, treatment. Waste disposal, nilnois^^ te Identifiers: 'DDT. Soil conservation methods, wataf'SSt.f1"*5' * ma*)r ""n** «* raral ? , Pollution was made. Major pollutants are tofflfcer*. pesticides, erosion wd Sedtaenl* and animal wastes. In commercial fertSEera nitrogen and phosphorus pose the greatertpollu. Oon threat.. Pesticides are only sUghUy soluble " "L""* i00* fiveyperc\ntyof tha? reaches waterways. Soil erosion and 348 image: ------- sediment, which carry the greatest threat for pollution, can be minimized by contour farm- Ing, terracing, cover crops and/or crop rotation. Farm animal waste treatment may be accom- plished by aerobic digestion, lagoons, compost- ing, land disposal, or chemical treatment, how- ever, these are systems used in domestic waste treatment and the same degree of success had not been achieved with animal waste. (Mar- quard • East Central). 1261 — Bl, Fl INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION IN THE CATTLE FEEDING ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECO- NOMIES OF SIZE, Texas A & M University, College Station, De- partment of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Interregional Competition in the Cattle Feeding Economy with Special Emphasis on Economies of Size, B-1115, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (Project No. HM-2489) in cooperation with the U.S.D.A., September, 1971, 5S p., 39 tab., 8 flg. Descriptors: 'Feed lots. 'Cattle, •Economies, Identifiers: Regional production characteristics. Transportation rates. Least-cost shipment routes, Feed grains. This study utilizes a mum-dimensional trans- shipment model to determine the least cost lo- cation and optimum levels of cattle feeding and fed-eatUe slaughter among Vt specified regions in the 48 contiguous states W satisfy the demand for fed beef. D»t» showed that readily available supplies of feed grain and feeder cattle and economies of size in feedlot operations are of major importance In determin- ing the optimum location and levels of cattle feeding. Models were also developed to sys- tematically measure the effects of specified changes in regional feedlot size and projected 1075 regional feedlot Hies on the optimum re- .tonal locauon Md level, of cattle feeding and slaughter. In addition, the study shows the least-cost shipment routes for feeder cattle. feed grates, fed slaughter cattle, and dressed fed beef to meet the demand requirement* In the various sectors of the cattle feeding-fed-beef economy. (Wetherlll • East Central). 1263 — Bl, C5 CHROMIC OXIDE AND CRUDE PRO- TEIN EXCRETION IN THE BOVINE AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RE- STRICnON, Univerttty of Kentucky, Lexington. D. L. Cross, i. A, Soling, anff N. W. Bradley. Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 982-H& Hay. 1973. 4 tab., 2 flg.. 12 reL Descriptor*: »Farm waste*,, •Proteins, 'Cattle, Metabolism. ._,-• Identifiers: •Chromic oxide,* Water restriction. Dry matter digestibility, Fecal dry natter. Twelve yearling Angus steers were assigned to two periods and two treatments in ane*- perlment designed to study die effect of water restriction ' on the excretion of, chromic oxide and crude protettv Bach steer ;*je confined to A metabolism cwt« wd r*ceM_4 **«» fatten clul water Ire* c|wc« W W& free choice daSj7 BtfriJ^eachpertoT fecal sampiw were taken it JfoM mterwls ••tatjt hours followed by a 7 day total collection of fecei. The per- cent recovery of chromic oxide averaged 103.1 and 102.3 respectively for the steers offered water free choice or 6% oi free choice. There was no difference In the digestion of crude protein between treatments. There was afl In- crease in dry matter dttestamty Mdeftrtmuc oxide conceftteatWh In-Jeeal dryttyttetWneB water was restricted. /Water rMtrtcttott-dld not affect crude protein concentration M fecal dry matter. These data suggest that water re- striction has little effect on the excretion of chromic oxide and crude protein. (Marquard East' Central). CLIMATE AND THE SELECTION OF A BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYS- Oklahoma State UnlverHty. SttUwater. Agri- cultural Engineering Department. A. F. Butchbaker, O. W. A. Mahoney, J. E. Paper" presented at 65th Annual Meeting, Ameri- can Society of Agricultural MMM go' Springs, Arkansas, June 27-30. 187J. Paper No, 7I-41o! 3S P.. 1 tab., 10 flg.. 28 ret. Descriptors: •Climates, 'Feed lots. /Waste dls- iosaU 'Cattle. Temperature, Moisture deficit, Aerated lagoans. Management. Identifiers: 'Site selection. «Beef housing ays. tem, Anaerobic lagoons. Climate classifications are defined and climate .fiStT on animals and waste management sys- tems are discussed. As a result, two dlmatolo- Scal models for beef housing and waste man- agement were developed to serve as a bads for delineating areas that require different beef housing »nd waste management practices. One «ed January and July temperature limits for Serf production and moisture deficit Beet nous- 55 5ulwaste management systems were classified by climatologlcal areas. Essentially, more humid areas require more complete hou«- iBg and waste management systems. Areas of high moisture deficit are optimum for open feedlots Areas above 60'F require sunshades. ,ni» vear-around disposal of wastes on crop- tods cSbVacSieved Areas below «'F require a higher degree of housing and storage facUittes "or ^mterwastes. (Marquard . East Central). 1264 — A5, A6,B1,C1. Bl PRINCIPLES OF FEEDLOT ODOR CONTROL, Texas A it M University, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Department of Agricultural Engineering. j ii Sweeten. Texas A ft M University. Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Department of Agricultural Engineering, December 1, 1971, a p.. 4 ret. , Descriptors: 'Air pollution, •Feed tots, 'Farm waste*. Aerobic tacterta. Moisture contents. Temperature, Waste treatment Poultry. Lagoons, waste disposal* ' Identifiers; 'Odor control. Odor measurement. Odor intensity, Odor quality. The major obstacle to developing effective odof control technique*, writing guidelines for feed- W^dor^ontSTand Utlgafioa j?7e*afot o%r cases is the lack of suitable quantitative meth- ods for meWOtiflg the intensity and quality of odor*. MeaWrtilg odor tateMlty U uwaay done by dUutlnf wltli odonre* w»teri Bow- ever, sessuwment of odor oualUy te occult because of the lack of an accepted standard. The physical variable* which affect the gen- eration of malodors from manure are tempera- ture and moisture content. Experiments with poultry manure have shown that manure odor intensities are proportional to moisture con- tent This has suggested two approaches to odor control of feedlots-(1) maintenance of aerobic conditions for decomposition, and (2) the chemical treatment of manure. Judicious site selection of feedlots witl* respect to sur- rounding land use pattens and ctrmaUc factors is si third alternative which has hsd some sac- cess. (Dudley - Bast Central). 349 image: ------- SECTION VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS , auth0rs and P""11^ for Is also extended to EPA Project Of««rRh1C,en^1es- Spec1al thanks tonce i. the Preparat Sn'oflhls^bl 9 ^ ' 350 image: ------- SECTION IX REFERENCES (1) Miner, J. R., D. Bundy, and G. Chrlstenbury. Bibliography of Livestock Waste Management. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C. Publication Number EPA-R2-72-101. December, 1972. 137 p. (2) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 1, No. lOb, Oct. 15, 1968. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1968 (3) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts.. Vol. 2, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1969. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1969. (4) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1969. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (5) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 4, Feb. 15, 1969, Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (6) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 5, Mar. 1, 1969, Washington, D. C.: Government Printfng Off fee, 7969. (7) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 7, Apr. 1, 1969. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (8) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 11, June 1, 1969. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (9) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 12, June 15, 1969. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1969. (10) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 2, No. 13, July 1, 1969. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. 351 image: ------- (11) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 2, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1969 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (12) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 2, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1969 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (13) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 2, No. 20, Oct. 15, 1969. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (14) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstract^. Vol. 2, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1969. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (15) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstmrt*. Vol. 3, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1969. (16) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstrarfc. vol. 3, No. 5, Mar. 1, 1970, Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (17) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Ahstrarts. Vol. 3, No. 6, Mar. 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (18) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 9, May 1, 1970. Washington, D. C7:Government Printing Office, 1970. (19) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 10, May 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (20) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 11, June 1, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (21) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 12, June,15, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (22) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 13, July 1, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. 352 image: ------- (23) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 3, No. 14, July 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (24) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water .Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 15, Aug. 1, 1970. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970. (25) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 16, Aug. 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970. (26) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 17, Sept. 1, 1970. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970. (27) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970. (28) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1970. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970. (29) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. V6l, 3, No. 22, Nov. 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (30) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1970. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1970. (31) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 3, No. 24, Dec. 15, 1970. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1970. (32) 'U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 1, Jan. 1, 1971. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1971. (33) U. S. Department of Interior. .Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (34) U. 'S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1971. Washington, D. G.:Government Printing Office, 1971. 353 image: ------- (35) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 4, Feb. 15, 1971 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (36) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 5,- Mar. 1, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (37) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. SalMn«?nnatnr S650"!?65 Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 6, Mar. 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (38> tif;*5!iPSr?ienJ of Inter1or- Off*ce of Water Resources Research. ShffSLn nr *esou!:ces Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 7. Apr. 1, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (39) tfPSr?ienJ °f Interl°r- Off1ce °f Water Resources Research. ytntr SPsou^ces Attracts. Vol. 4, No. 9, May.l, 1971. n, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (40) SliLSyS1?"^ °f Inter1or- Off1ce ef Water Resources Research. WafiMn«tnnatnr g"0"^8' Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 10, May 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (41) c:if**DSP,a,r?eni of Inter1or' °ff1ce of Water Resources Research. SlSSS nr *esou!:ces Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 11, June 1, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. ^ U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 12, June 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (43) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 13, July 1, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (44) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 14, July 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (45) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 15, Aug. 1, 1971, Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (46) U. S, Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 17, Sept. 1, 1971. Washington, D. t.: Government Printing Office, 1971. 354 image: ------- (47) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (48) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (49) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 4, No. 21, Nov. 1, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (50) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 22, Nov. 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (51) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 4, No. 24, Dec. 15, 1971. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1971. (52) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. ', Jan. 1, 1972. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (53) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research, Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 2, Jan. 15, 1972, Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972. (54) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 3, Feb. 1, 1972. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972. (55) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 5» Mar. 1, 1972. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972. (56) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research, Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 6, Mar. 15, 1972. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972. (57) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Se>ected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 7, Apr. 1, 1972. Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972. (58) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 8, Apr. 15, 1972, Washington, D. C.:Government Printing Office, 1972. 355 image: ------- ( } L ;+ 5PS ?"enD °f Inter;°r- O^ce of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstract Vol. 5, No. 9, May 1, 1972 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office! 1972? (60) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No 10 Mav 151972 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Off ice '. 1972. (61) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. nr *e?Q^ces Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 11, June 1, 1972. D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (62) us .Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 12, June 15, 1972 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (63) U.S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. .Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 13, July 1, 1972 wasmngton, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (64) ^iS;*25pia,r?IBnJ of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. selected Water Resm^ros Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 14, July 15, 1972 wasmngton, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (65) SelectodPS±enJ °f Inter1or- Off1ce °f Water Resources Research. Wash?no?on nr "*30urrCB* Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 15, Aug. 1, 1972. Washington, D. u.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (66) L!;t2Rr?nenJ of Inter1or. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Ahst.Mrt«. Vol. 5, No. 16, Aug. 15, 1972 wasmngton, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (67) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. .Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 17, Sept. 1, 3972. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (68) US Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. .Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No. 18, Sept. 15, 1972 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (69) clif •+DSPur?ienJ Of Interl°r- Off1" °f Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Vol. 5, No 19 Oct 1 1972 Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office; 1972. (70) •c:i!\05p2f?nenS'0f Inter]|or- Off*ce of Water Resources Research. S? Mnn^T ^Souyces Abstracts., Vol . 5, No. 20, Oct. 15, 1972. Washington, D. C,: Government Printing Office, 1972. 356 image: ------- (71) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 21, Nov. 1, 1972. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (72) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. Selected Water Resources Abstracts, Vol. 5, No. 23, Dec. 1, 1972. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. (73) U. S. Department of Interior. Office of Water Resources Research. 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GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:W74 546-319/401 1-3 357 image: ------- SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS INPUT TRANSACTION FORM on Mo. \ .,'k'*',l > ' , - -" r.J w LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT , Ralph H. East Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma School of Environmental Science 2, S(ic'«oim^ Organization ( ,' "-*" '•"",,* 10. Project No. 11. Contract/Grant No. I < Environmental Protection Agency report numter, EPA-660/2-T1t-02U , April 1971*. It. Aljitiacl Management and research Information on animal wastes has expanded rapidly in recent years. This material has appeared 1n diverse sources such as journal articles, conference proceedings papers, university or government publications, magazine articles, books, and theses. This bibliography (an updated and revised extension of the BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT EPA-R2-72-101 which was published by J. R. Miner, D. Bundy, and G. ChHstenbury at Iowa State University) was compiled 1n order to speed the flow of Information on findings 1n one segment of the livestock Industry to other segments that could benefit from this technology. Included 1n this publication are the following Indexes: (1) title, (2) author, (3) keyword, (4) animal Information categories. These Indexes are followed by a section of abstracts of each reference entry found In the bibliography. Single copies of most articles can be obtained in hard copy or microfiche form at cost from the Animal Waste Technical Information Center, School of Environmental Science, East Central State College, Ada, Oklahoma 74820. (Ramsey-East Central) 11 a. i>«scriptors *B1bl1ograph1es, *Cattle, *Sheep, *Hogs, *Poultry, *F1sh farming, *Feedlots, Confinement pens, *Research and development, *Farm wastes, Waste Identification, Waste treatment, Waste storage, Waste disposal, Agricultural runoff 17b. Identifiers *Waste management, *T1tle index, *Author Index, *Keyword Index, *An1mal information categories Index !/c COWRR Hcid &. Group Q5A, 05B, 05C, 05D, 05E, 056 lit. Availability *' 19, Security CfetM. . '-^\ 20. Security Ctajs. vtrttrado, Qr. ^ipfj H, Ramsey .22* ttJw * 4 i *, r, j Send To: WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINOTON. DX. M140 institution East Central State College image: -------