£EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air And Radiation
(6102)
EPA410-K-95-001
November 1995
Implementation Strategy For
The Clean Air Act
Amendments Of 1990
Update, November 1995
Overview
This is the sixth in the series of Implementation
Strategies published since the passage of the 1990
Clean Air Act Amendments. As such it provides a
good overview of the regulatory framework envisioned
by the Amendments, and a clear sense of what has
been accomplished, and what is left to do. Since it is
being completed as we approach the fifth anniversary
of the 1990 Amendments, and the twenty-fifth
anniversary of the 1970 Act, its release also presents
an appropriate opportunity for a review of overall
progress toward our central goal: clean, healthy air.
Since 1970, the traditional drivers behind air
quality problems have continually increased. U.S.
GDP has grown by 77%, U. S. population has grown
by 25%, and the number of miles traveled by on-road
vehicles (VMT) has increased by 111%. Behind these
statistics are more factories, more power needs, more
people, more cars. More than any set of statistics,
these ever increasing pressures make clear the need
for effective air pollution policies. Without them, the
nation would be overwhelmed with dangerous,
unsustainable levels of air pollution.
Because of effective air pollution policies however,
during this same time period we have been able to
achieve a 24% reduction in air pollution. In other
words, as a nation we have not just held our own, we
have been able to substantially improve air quality
across the country. As a result, our air is generally
cleaner and healthier that at any time since EPA
began measuring air quality.
Yet in the best year, more than fifty million
Americans—one in five—still remain exposed each
year to unhealthy levels of air pollution. In the worst
years that number may be one in three. And many of
these Americans are terribly sensitive to the effects of
air pollution—because they are children, because they
are old, or because of respiratory or heart disease.
Millions of acres of forests, croplands, and watersheds
are still being harmed by acid raid; communities still
suffer from multiple exposures from toxic releases;
and increased radiation from the thinning
stratospheric ozone layer continues to cause increase
in skin cancers and cataracts.
For all these reasons, the focus of the 1990
Amendments has not just been to sustain the historic
progress, but instead to finally keep the underlying
promise of each set of Clean Air Act Amendments:
clean, healthy air for all Americans. The last five
years have seen real steps toward keeping that
promise, though there is still much work left to do.
The next few paragraphs provide a brief review of
those efforts.
Urban Air Quality
• Since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 were
signed into law, an unprecedented number of cities
have reached the milestone of meeting the health
based air quality standards. For example, of the 98
areas of the country that were designated as
nonattainment for ground-level ozone in 1990, 55 of
those areas now have "clean" air and 22 have been
formally redesignated to attainment. Of the 42 carbon
monoxide nonattainment areas from 1990, 32 now
have "clean" air, and another seven areas have been
formally redesignated to attainment. This progress
can be attributed to a combination of influences:
strong, health based standards, and a working
partnership between state, federal and local
governments to achieve those standards; an ongoing
commitment on the part of many sources to the
development of innovative strategies for the reduction
of air pollution; and a strong, continuing public desire
for clean air. It is also clear evidence that, for urban
America, the Clean Air Act is working.
• A number of these cities have reached attainment
ahead of schedule, and though difficult decisions
remain for areas with the most difficult air quality
problems, urban America has cleaner air than at any
time since EPA began measuring air quality.
• As an addition to the arsenal of clean air tools
which have made this progress possible, EPA
proposed this summer a generic "Open Market
Trading Rule" for NOx and VOC's, the primary
precursors of ground-level ozone (smog). In
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combination with other market-based approaches to
pollution control, this approach should help states and
sources continue to make progress will holding down
emission reduction costs.
• The clear understanding that smog does not respect
political boundaries has also led this year to the
development of the Ozone Transport Assessment
Group (OTAG), a joint EPA/state process intended to
develop cost-effective, common-sense regional
strategies for the reduction of smog across the mid-
west and Northeast. This cooperative venture is a
very important development in the national struggle
to finally achieve clean air.
Car, Trucks and Buses
• Tailpipe standards of cars being built today are 25
to 60 percent more stringent than standards for new
cars built in 1990. These standards continue a
tremendous pattern of progress since the early 1970's,
with the result that automobiles today are at least
90% cleaner. With the programs put in place by the
Clean Air Act of 1990, the U.S. has the most effective
motor vehicle pollution control program in the world.
• Motor vehicle fuels are cleaner burning. Two
national programs began in 1992: one required
cleaner burning diesel fuel, and the second reduced
the evaporation rate of gasoline in hot weather. Also,
in the winter of 1992-93, oxygenated fuels programs
began during winter months in over 30 cities with
carbon monoxide pollution problems. In 1995, cleaner-
burning, reformulated gasoline, which reduces smog
and exposure to toxic chemicals, was introduced year-
round in about 30 percent of the U.S. gasoline supply.
• Diesel-powered urban transit buses being built today
release almost 90 percent less particulate emissions
than buses in 1990. Smoke belching, smelly buses
should be a thing of the past as a result of EPA
regulations covering new, as well as rebuilt, buses.
• A ground breaking, joint effort to further reduce
emissions from heavy duty engines was also initiated
this summer. Cooperation among EPA, the California
Air Resources Board, and leading engine
manufacturers has been crucial to this program,
which is targeted to maintain progress on particulate
matter, and cut NOX emissions in half by 2004.
• EPA recently proposed the framework for a National
Low Emission Vehicle program, as a means of
continuing progress on automotive emissions. As the
basis for a voluntary agreement between states which
need cleaner vehicles to meet the air quality goals of
the CAA, and the automakers which would agree to
produce the vehicles, this program would speed the
introduction of cleaner vehicles across the country.
• The Agency established first-ever emission
requirements for new non-road engines, including
construction, farm and lawn and garden equipment.
By working closely with all stakeholders before
emission standards are set, EPA assured cost
effective controls that will not affect the operation of
this equipment.
• EPA conducted an active compliance program on
motor vehicles. Between 1990 and 1995 almost 8
million cars and trucks were recalled and repaired
free of charge by vehicle manufacturers as a direct
result of EPA's compliance testing. The identification
of emission design problems assures that auto and
truck makers meet'the stringent emission control
requirements put in place by the 1990 amendments.
Air Toxics Program
• Since 1990 EPA, has completed the development
and issuance of a multitude of innovative, technology-
based air toxics standards, each designed to protect
public health and the environment. These standards
focus on pollutants that are known or suspected of
causing cancer or other serious health effects, such as
birth defects. Over the past five years, EPA has
issued 14 pollution standards (affecting 27 industrial
categories) for industries such as dry cleaners,
petroleum refineries, chemical plants and chromium
electroplaters that will eliminate over 2.5 million tons
of air toxics and smog-causing volatile organic
compounds per year. In addition, EPA has proposed
another 6 standards (for 19 industrial categories) to
be promulgated over the next several months.
• This progress is due directly to the new common-
sense structure for regulation of air toxics which was
developed for the 1990 Amendments, and contrasts
dramatically with the gridlock and ineffectiveness of
the previous twenty years. During that period,
litigation, conflict and delay over risk and costybenefit
resulted in the regulation of only seven toxic air
pollutants, and millions of these pollutants continued
to be released into communities across America.
• As an example of this progress, EPA's final air
toxics standard for the Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry (known as the HON rule),
which was issued in February 1994, is expected to
reduce air toxics emissions more than any other rule
that will be issued under the Clean Air Act. The rule
was developed in partnership with many groups,
including industry, state and local agencies, and
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environmental groups. EPA's final rule provides
flexibility to industry through market-based
compliance options, while yielding extraordinary
environmental benefits. EPA's HON rule will reduce
air toxics emissions by over half a million tons
annually and smog-causing volatile organic
compounds by over 1 million tons annually—the
equivalent of taking 38 million cars of the road.
Acid Rain
• The regulatory framework for the ground breaking
acid rain provisions (Title VI) of the 1990
Amendments is virtually complete. These provisions
will result in the removal of 10,000,000 tons of sulfur
dioxide from our skies, a 50% reduction of the
emissions from this one pollutant. Final Title IV rules
are now in place covering permitting; allowance
allocations, trading, and auctions and incentives for
energy efficiency and renewable energy; continuous
emissions monitoring; NOX reductions; industrial opt-
ins; and non-compliance penalties.
• All Phase I permits and continuous emission
monitoring certifications were completed prior to
January 1, 1995 program start-up.
• The SO2 trading program is successfully operating,
with 23 million allowances have been transferred
between private parties in more than 660
transactions.
•The result of all this activity is that more that 1.7
million tons of SO2 have already been reduced from
1990 levels, and the costs of these reduction are
dramatically lower than Congress had anticipated.
Permits Program
• In 1992, EPA issued a national regulation under
Title V which established a sweeping new operating
permits program for large industrial sources of air
pollution. Continuing efforts have since worked to
simplify and improve the program, which may be the
most significant change embodied in the regulatory
frame work of the 1990 Amendments. This program
is, for the first time, bringing together all of a major
sources Clean Air Act requirements into one
document—with results ranging from improved
compliance, to improved flexibility, to greater and
more effective public participation.
• States have made tremendous progress in
establishing their own permit programs. To date,
submittals have been received from 53 states agencies
and 60 local programs, and 34 state and 51 local
programs have been approved or proposed for
approval.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
•Since 1990 EPA has promulgated and currently
implements a number of flexible regulations under
Title VI of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
This section of the Amendments was developed to, as
a part of the international effort to slow and
eventually stop depletion of the stratospheric ozone
layer. Specific highlights of these ongoing efforts
include:
• The development and implementation of a market-
based allowance trading system for the production
and importation of class I ozone-depleting substances.
The program has facilitated trades of 585 million
kilograms of these substances since the system's
inception.
• The establishment, through work with a variety of
stakeholders, of a broad outreach program to facilitate
a smooth transition following the phaseout for owners
of auto air conditioners.
• Continued positive results through negotiations with
other Parties to the Montreal Protocol. These
negotiations have yielded, among others, an
acceleration of the phaseout of most class I substances
to 1996 and the listing of methyl bromide as a class I
substance. These projects will eliminate over 55,000
tons of Ozone Depleting Substances representing over
25% of 1996 country ODS use.
• In addition, in cooperation with the National
Weather Service and the Centers for Disease Control,
established a national reporting system for UV
radiation levels. This "UV Index" is available
nationally, and through partnerships with key medical
community groups like the American Academy of
Dermatology, is becoming a regular aspect of weather
reporting.
Grand Canyon Visibility
• EPA is making progress in reducing man-made
visibility impairment in wilderness areas and national
parks. For example, in 1991 EPA issued a standards
to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from a power plant
near the Grand Canyon. This standard has yielded a
300% improvement in the Grand Canyon's visibility
problem and represents an important step toward
improving air quality and the public's enjoyment of
this national park.
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Information Transfer
• Air pollution sources, other governmental entities,
and the general public are essential partners in the
efforts to improve air quality across the country. In
its continuing effort to improve those partnerships,
EPA has developed a wide variety of information
transfer tools, providing government, industry,
Congress, the general public, and States with access
to a vast collection of important air pollution data.
For example, the Technology Transfer Network (TTN)
provides immediate access to a wide range of
information on air pollution issues, including Clean
Air Act regulations and guidance documents;
information on health, risk and exposure data for air
pollutants; emissions and monitoring data; small
business assistance; and much more. The Technology
Transfer Network is accessed over 1000 times a day
and users will copy over 500,000 files from the
bulletin boards this year alone.
Looking Ahead
All of these efforts—over the last year, over the
last five years, and over the last twenty five
years—are part of a national commitment to protect
the health and improve the quality of life of all
Americans. Over the next few years, the Office of Air
and Radiation will continue its part of that national
commitment through implementation of the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1990. That means continued
development of effective strategies and standards for
the improvement of urban air quality, including the
incorporation of the most recent scientific assessments
into the setting of standards as we complete reviews
of the health based standards for ground level ozone
and particulate matter; for the protection of forests,
crops, watersheds, and visibility through
implementation of the acid rain program and the
development of additional visibility protections; for the
protection of the stratospheric ozone layer through the
continued implementation of Title VI, and through
support for development of alternatives to ozone
depleting substances; and for the reduction of toxic
ah* emissions through the continued development of
standards, and through the continued study of the
sources and distribution of persistent pollutants such
as mercury and dioxin.
The use of appropriate, innovative, market-based
approaches such as the Acid Rain program and the
Open Market Trading Rule will continue to be
emphasized for each effort. And we will continue to
search for ways to build useful, practical partnerships
such as the OTAG process and the program to reduce
pollution from heavy duty engines.
The potential for success—that is, clean, healthy
air for all Americans—seems very strong. And the
need for that success is here today as well—just as it
was twenty five years ago. The promise of the Clean
Air Act still remains for many Americans. If we
continue our efforts, that promise can, finally, be
kept.
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy'
(Revised May 1994)
Date
Dec-90
Jan-91
Feb-91
Mar-91
Apr-91
May-91
! "rate*,.
Title I - Nonattainment
Title I - Nonattainment
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title I - Nonattainment
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
.Aetivlty
Issue "Getting Started" letter to Governors
States submit request/justification for 5 % classification adjustments
Publish two-year implementation strategy
Publish notice of initial PM-10 moderate nonattainment areas
Initiate additional PM-10, SO2, lead designation process
Listing of depleting substances
Act on 5% classification adjustment requests
States submit nonattainment area designations
Direct final 1991 production limits
States submit PM-1 0 areas unable to attain by 1 994
States respond to list of PM-10, SO,, lead nonattainment areas
Notify States of intent to modify suggested boundaries
Convene NE ozone transport commission
Promulgate gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure regulations
Promulgate Tier I car and truck standards
Propose reformulated gasoline requirements
Propose clean fuels fleet and CA pilot credit programs
Propose urban bus regulations
Propose emission control diagnostic rule
CropB&
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tteadline
Dec-90
Jan-91
Feb-91
Mar-91
May-91
May-91
May-91
May-91
These dates are subject to change based on new risk assessments, court decisions, and changes in available resources-.
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
May-91
Jun-91
Jul-91
Sep-91
Oct-91
Nov-31
Dec-ai
title
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title V- Permits
Title III - Air Toxics
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title VII - Enforcement
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title I - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title I - Nonattainment
Aeftvfty * . - " '-T
Propose regulations for auctions and sales
Propose State permit regulations
Publish draft list of source categories
Propose list of high risk pollutants, 90/95% early reductions guidance
Propose early reductions rulemaking
Propose lead substitute gasoline additives
Propose administrative penalties rules of practice
Propose CFC phase-out regulations
Propose mobile air conditioning recycling regulations
Publish VOC and CO emission inventory guidance
Publish study on non-road engines
Publish guidance on control cost-effectiveness
Publish air quality and emission trends report
Establish Grand Canyon visibility transport commission
Propose PM-10 area reclassifications
Promulgate ozone, CO, PM-10, and lead nonattainment boundaries
Propose MACT for dry cleaners (per court order)
Propose outer continental shelf rule
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Stat,
Deadline
-
Jul-91
J
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Nov-91
Nov-91
I
Nov-91
Jun-91
Jul-91
I I
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
I Safe
Dec-91
Jan-92
Feb-92
Mar-92
Apr-92
May-92
Jul-92
! T*tfe ' ' '
Title IV - Acid Rain
Title V - Permits
Title VI - CFCs
Title VII -Enforcement
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title VI - CFCs
Activity
Promulgate regulations for auctions and sales
Propose allowance trading system
Propose acid rain permit program
Propose continuous emission monitor requirements
Propose excess emissions rules
Propose conservation and renewable incentives
Publish guidance on State programs to assist small businesses
Propose ban on non-essential products
Promulgate administrative penalties rules of practice
Promulgate onboard controls regulatory decision
Publish Title 1 General Preamble
Propose rules for ozone, NO,, and VOC monitoring
Propose rule on reformulated gasoline SNPRM (supplemental notice of proposed
rulemaking)
Publish guidance on TCM's (transportation control measures)
Promulgate cold temperature CO standards
Propose CFC labeling regulations
Revise two-year implementation strategy
£oiiiplt
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Sfcfe
Deadline
Nov-91
Nov-91
Nov-91
Nov-91
Nov-91
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
Jul-92
Auq-92
Sep-92
Oct-92
Nov-92
Title
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title V- Permits
Title VI - CFCs
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Aotwty
States submit SIPs for initial SO2 nonattainment areas
Propose enhanced I/M regulation
Publish final list of source categories
Propose list of Phase II utility allowances
Promulgate State permit regulations
Promulgate CFC phase-out regulation
Promulgate mobile air conditioning recycling regulations
Promulgate guidance on transportation air quality planning
Propose additional PM-1 0 nonattainment areas
Propose discretionary sanction rules
Promulgate outer continental shelf rules
Propose regulatory schedule for all source categories
Publish 1991 air quality data and emission trends report
Promulgate oxygenated fuel credit guideline
Propose MACT for hazardous organic chemical manufacturing
States submit small business assistance programs
SonwK,
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Slat
Deadline
May-92
Nov-91
Dec-91
Nov-91
Sept-91
Nov-91
Aug-91
Nov-91
"
Aug-91
Nov-92
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
e^fe
Nov-92
Dec-92
Jan-93
?«le
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title IV - Acid Rain
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title II - Mobile Sources
Activity
Promulgate PM-1 0 BACM technical guidance
Publish Title I NOX guidance
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Promulgate enhanced I/M regulation
Propose NOX emission limits for Group 1 utility boilers
Publish U.S. - Canada air quality agreement
Publish alternative control technology document for VOCs from bakeries
Propose revisions to motor vehicle certification procedures (certification short test)
Promulgate California pilot credit program
Propose MACT for coke ovens
Promulgate early reductions rulemaking
Propose emission reduction program
Promulgate PM-10 area reclassifications
Propose transportation conformity criteria
Promulgate vehicle evaporative emissions regulations
Promulgate emission control diagnostic rule
Publish draft mobile source air toxics study
Propose list of substances for accidental releases prevention program
Publish final mobile source related air toxics study
<&>BJp)t,
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tints-
Deadline
May-92
Nov-91
Nov-93
Nov-91
Jan-92
Dec-91
Aug-93
May-92
May-92
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Date
Jan-93
Fcb-93
Mar-93
THfe
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title VI - CFC
Title VI I -Enforcement
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
TJtleJV n Acid Pain
Activity
Promulgate excess emission requirements
Promulgate allowance trading system
Promulgate continuous emission monitoring requirements
Promulgate conservation and renewable incentives
Promulgate acid rain permit program
Promulgate ban nonessential products - Class I
Promulgate rules for ozone, NOV, VOC enhanced monitoring
Propose economic incentive rules
Propose reformulated gasoline complex model
Sources submit Phase I permit applications & proposed compliance plans
Promulgate CFC labeling regulations
Propose rules for citizen suits
Issue draft 185B report
Propose general conformity criteria
Promulgate procedures of enforcement for urban bus standards
Promulgate clean fuels fleet (TCM's)
Initiate auctions and sales of allowances
Promulgate list of Phase II utility allowances
Ranking by lottery of Phase I extension applications
Promulgate small diesel refinaries rule
Complt.
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s&t
Deadline 1
May-92
May-92
May-92
May-92
May-92
Nov-91
May-92
Feb-93
Nov-91
. Nov-91
Mar-93
Dec-92
Oct-93
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
$m
Mar-93
Apr-93
May-93
Jun-93
Jul-93
T8te
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title VI - CFCs
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title I - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Acttvtty " ~
Propose accelerated CFC phase-out
Publish alt control tech document for VOCs from pesticide applications
Publish final mobile source related air toxics study
Promulgate urban bus retrofit
Promulgate urban bus 94+ (PM standard)
Propose guidance for State air toxics program 1 1 2(l)
Propose procurement regulation
PM-1 0 PSD increments (1 1 /92 court agreement)
Propose non-road emission standards >50 hpr.
Propose safe alternatives
Promulgate emission reduction program (Section 608)
Propose pilot, clean vehicle standards, and opt-in provisions
Propose clean fuel fleet vehicle standards, conversions and general provisions
Publish 1 85B NCVVOC study
Propose rule on case-by-case MACT determination (1 1 2fl))
Begin submission of appl. for Energy Conservation & Renewable Reserve
Draft acid rain permits issued for public comment
Ownpfti
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^<3k
Deadline
Nov-93
May-92
Nov-91
May-92
Nov-92
Nov-92
Jan-92
Feb-92
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
Aug-93
Sep-93
Oct-93
Nov-33
Titfe
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title VI - CFCs
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VI - CFCs
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Activity - - _ '
States deadline for RACT corrections
Report to Congress: Transportation/Air Quality
Propose general provisions for MACT standards
Propose MACT for industrial cooling towers
Section 1 1 2(s) Report
Promulgate MACT for dry cleaners
Propose opt-in regulations - combustion sources
Propose Class II Non-essential ban
Propose certification program for solid waste & fossil-fuel combustor operators
Propose rules for risk management plans and prevention programs
Publish study of hydrogen sulfide emissions from extracting natural gas and oil
Promulgate MACT for coke ovens
Develop inspection manual and training materials for coke ovens
Promulgate procurement regulation
Publish air quality and emission trends report
Publish SOCMI distillation processes CTG
Publish SOCMI reactor processes CTG
Promulgate general conformity criteria
Publish final guidance for state air toxics programs
Issue regulatory schedule for all source categories
Propose detergent additive regulations
Compli
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Stat
Deadline
Jan-93
Nov-92
Nov-91
I
I
Nov-92
Dec-92
Nov-93
May-92
Nov-93
Nov-93
Nov-91
Nov-91
Nove-92
I I
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Oate
Nov-93
Dec-93
Jan -94
title
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III - Air Toxics
Title IV - Acid Rain
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
ActSwt?
Promulgate transportation conformity rules
Publish guidance for state air toxics programs 1 1 2(1)
Propose MACT for chromium electroplating
Promulgate regulatory schedule for all source categories
Propose degreasing MACT
Complete study of the hazards of hydrofluoric acid
Propose permits for early reduction sources
States submit acid rain permit program proposals
Phase 1 requirement to install monitoring equipment
Certify continuous emission monitors for Phase 1 units
Promulgate discretionary sanctions rule
Promulgate additional PM-1 0 and SO., nonattainment areas
Promulgate reformulated gasoline regulations
Promulgate clean fuel fleet, vehicle stds. conversions, and general provisions
List of high risk pollutants. 90/95% early reductions
Propose MACT for pulp and paper
Promulgate accelerated CFC phase-out
Promulgate Class II Non-essential Ban
Approve/disapprove ozone & CO submittals due 1 1 /92
Publish storage tanks ACT
Promulgate list of substances for accidental releases prevention program
Deliver program-specialized inspection training course at three regional locations
(radionuclides)
ftOGUplfc
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,$*>*>
Deadline
Nov-91
Nov-92
Nov-92
Nov-93
Nov-91
Jan-94
Jan-94
Nov-92
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
Jan-94
Feb-94
Mar-94
Apr-94
TJtfe
Title 111 -Air Toxics
Title V- Permits
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title VI - CFCs
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Activity
'"'"•, >v *
Propose Stage 1 gasoline marketing MACT
States submit operatina permit programs
Propose SOCMI batch processes ACT
Publish plastic parts coating ACT
Propose MACT for commercial sterilizers
Promulgate general provisions for MACT standards
Promulgate MACT for hazardous organic chemical manufacturing
Promulgate economic incentives rules
Promulgate revisions to motor vehicle certification procedures (I/M short test)
Propose MACT for magnetic tape coating
Conduct second allowance auction
Promulgate NOx emission limits for Group 1 utility boilers
Initiate operation of allowance tracking system
Propose revision to Phase I substitution & compensating unit provisions
Promulgate safe alternative program
Propose marine vessels rule
Promulgate economic incentive rule
Propose on-board refueling vapor recovery regulations
tJwipit
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Sfet,
Deadline
Nov-93
Nov-93
Nov-93
Nov-92
Nov-92
Nov-91
Mar-94
May-92
10
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
! Sate
Apr-94
May-94
Jun-94
m$
Title III -Air Toxics
Title I Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV - Acid Rain
Title VII - Enforcement
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Ae#vHy
Propose MACT for polymers and resins II
Promulgate case-by-case MACT determinations 1 12(1)
Publish petroleum/industrial wastewater ACT
Publish auto body refinishing ACT
Publish clean-up solvents ACT
Promulgate California pilot, clean vehicles standards, and opt-in provisions
Promulgate fuel and fuel additives: Health effects registration requirements
Propose non-road emission standards <25 HP - Phase 1
Publish draft risk assessment and management emission report
Propose MACT for secondary lead smelters
Report to Congress: Deposition of Air Pollutants to Great Waters
Interim Report on Electric Utility Steam Generators
Propose MACT standard for aerospace industry
Begin issuing allowances to small diesel refineries
Receive quartely emissions reports from utilities
Propose rules for field citation
Propose rule for monetary awards
Publish Web offset lithography ACT
Promulgate non-road emission standards for >50 HP diesel engines
IS0BJP&
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
; Sferf,
Deadline
Nov-94
Nov-93
May-94
Nov-93
11
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
Jun-94
Jul-94
Aug-94
Sep-94
tltte
Title III -Air Toxics
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II- Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Activity , "
Propose MACT for Petroleum refineries
Submit NAS study to Congress
Promulgate Order of Sanctions rule
Promulgate CO NAAQS Review
Approve/dissaprove lead SIPs due 6/93
States implement Phase II of the enhanced ozone monitoring network
Promulgate reformulated and conventional gasoline regulations (Direct final)
Promulgate MACT standard for industrial cooling towers
EPA action on final Phase 1 permits
States submit PM-10 SIPs
Propose NSPS for cold cleaners
Propose NSPS for SOCMI secondary wastewater
Propose NSPS for starch manufacturing
Promulgate rule for renewable oxygenates for reformulated gasoline
Propose Indian Tribes: Air Quality Planning rule
Promulgate revision to Phase I substitution & compensating unit provisions
Publish ACT documents for NOx sources
Promulgate CNG/LPG vehicle standards
Oongplt*
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
$tat,
Qeadtine
May-93
Apr-93
Aug-93
Nov-91
Apr-92
Nov-93
12
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Date
Sep-94
OctS4
Nov-94
Title ' '
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VII - Enforcement
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
AcSwgy
Promulgate certification program for solid waste and fossil-fuel combustor
Develop inspection manual and training materials foe dry cleaners
Propose standards for large MWC's
Propose standards for small MWC's
Propose rules for contractor listing
States submit RACT catch-up rules, NSR rules, CO attainment demonstration
Publish air quality and emission trends report
Report to Congress: Status of CA low-emissions vehicle program
Propose non-road emission standards for marine engines
Report to Congress: Production/consumption of ozone depleting chem.
Listing of global warming potential
Propose SO2 NAAQS Review
Propose locomotive emissions standards
Promulgate stds for deposit control gasoline additives
Propose MACT for off-site waste and recovery operations
Promulgate permits for early reduction sources
Promulgate MACT for chromium electroplating operations
Report to Congress: Risk assessment and management commission
Promulgate MACT for commercial sterilizers
Promulgate degreasing MACT standard
Promulgate Stage I gasoline marketing MACT
Promulgate MACT for magnetic tape coatings
CompIL
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Stat,
Deadline
„.
Nov-91
Nov-92
Nov-92
Jun-94
Nov-93
Nov-91
Nov-95
Nov-92
Nov-94
Nov-94
Nov-94
Nov-94
13
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
Nov-94
Dec-94
Jan-35
Feb-95
Tttfe
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title 1 - Nonattainrnent
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III - Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title 1 - Nonattainrnent
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Activity - '
Propose MACT for wood furniture
Propose MACT for shipbuilding (surface coating)
Promulgate EPA Action on Phase 1 NOx permits
Promulgate revision to Phase 1 substitution & compensating unit revisions
Promulgate detergent additive regulations - Interim requirements
Report to Congress: Ozone design value study
Report to Congress: Potential health implications of Magnetic Levitation & high
speed rail technologies
Promulgate Waiver rule (Interim Final)
Publish industrial SO2 emission report
Phase II requirement to install monitoring equipment
Propose SO2 NAAQS implementation
Promulgate interim final conformity amendments (1st set)
Propose revision for Federal test procedures
Propose mobile source air toxics regulation
Promulgate MACT for polymers and resins II
Propose medical waste incinerator rule
Publish draft acid deposition standards study
Comply
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
$*3t<
Deadline
Aug-93
Nov-92
Nov-93
Jan-95
May-95
Nov-94
Nov-93
14
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
: Date
Feb-95
Mar-95
Apr-95
May-95
Jun-95
Title
Title VI - CFCs
Title I - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV - Acid Rain
Title V - Permits
Title IV - Acid Rain
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title I - Nonattainment
Activity
Promulgate CFG labeling regulations
Report to Congress: VOC emissions from use of consumer &
commercial products
Propose MACT for printing/publishing industry
Propose MACT for polymers and resins IV1
Propose MACT for polymers and resins IV2
Conduct allowance auction
Propose Federal operating permit regulations
Promulgate Opt-In Regulation - Combustion Sources
Promulgate non-road emission standards for <25 HP SI engines - Phase I
Promulgate Federal test procedures
Promulgate MACT for secondary lead smelters
Issue urban area strategy - research report
Propose MACT for polymers and resins I
Final revision to definition of VOC - Acetone Exemption
; CampIL
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
s4t
Deadline
Nov-93
Nov-94
Nov-94
Mar-95
May-92
May-92
Nov-94
Nov-93
Methyl Methacrylate-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymers Production
Polyethylene Terephthalate Production
Styrene-Acrylonitrile Production
1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Production
Methyl Methacrylate-Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Production
Polystyrene Production
15
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
Jun-95
Jul-95
Aug-95
Sep-95
Oct-95
Title !
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
AeflvSy
Promulgate deposit control gasoline detergents
Propose procedures to opt-out of reformulated gasoline program
Promulgate marine vessel rule
Propose open market trading rule
Promulgate final conformity amendments (First set)
Propose conformity amendments (Second set)
Report to Congress: Compliance with NOx requirements of transportation
Promulgate MACT for aerospace industry
Promulgate MACT for petroleum refineries
Ozone Transporation Comission-Emission vehicle program for 49 states
Develop inspection manual and training materials for Stage 1 vapor recovery
Develop inspection manual & training materials for industrial
cooling towers
Propose modifications to RFG oxygen cap
Publish air quality and emission trends report
Propose NO2 NAAQS review
Final revision to definition of VOC - Perc Exemption
Report to Congress: National annual industrial SO2 emission trends
Promulgate standards for large MWCs
Promulgate standards for small MWCs
<5qinag&
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
$tst
Deadline
Nov-94
Nov-92
Nov-92
16
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
i Date
Oct-95
Nov-95
Dec-95
t«te
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VIII - Miscellaneous
Title I - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV - Acid Rain
Title VI - CFCs
Title VII - Enforcement
! Activity
Report to Congress: Acid Deposition Standard Feasibility Study
Final decision on NSPS for cold cleaners
Final decision on NSPS for starch manufacturing
Propose architectural/industrial maintenance coating rule
Propose consumer products VOC rule
Promulgate conformity amendments (Second set)
Promulgate locomotive emission standards
Promulgate MACT for wood furniture
Promulgate MAGT for shipbuilding (surface coatings)
Propose MACT for wood treatment
Issue draft 812 Retrospective Study
Propose NSR reform rule
Promulgate NSPS for landfills
Propose conformity amendment (Third set)
Submit mercury study to Congress
Propose revised Group 1 Phase II NOx emissions standards
Propose regulations requiring recycling of MFCs
Repropose rules for compliance assurance monitoring
Promulgate rule for contractor listing
CamptL
Y
Stet
Deadline
Nov-95
Nov-94
Nov-94
Dec-94
17
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
Date
Jan-96
Mar-96
fitie |
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title III -Air Toxics
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
AtivMy " ' ' "'-'"-
: f ''"' J -t f "^
Propose Part C & D new source review requirements
Propose automobile refinishing VOC national rule
Report to Congress: Transportation/Air Quality
Promulgate opt-out procedures for reformulated gasoline
Promulgate banning of leaded gasoline for motor vehicles
Publish update to Section 1 12(s) report
Study of electric utilities generating units
Publish 1994 utility emissions report
Propose NOx NSPS revisions for new fossil fuel fired boilers (utility & nonutility)
Propose emission stds for nonroad recreational vehicles & revision of on-
highway motorcycle emission standards
Promulgate MACT for off-site waste and recovery operations
Propose MACT for mineral wool
Propose MACT for publicly owned treatment works
Propose MACT for primary copper
Publish wood furniture CTG
Publish shipbuilding CTG
Promulgate NSPS for SOCMI secondary wastewater
Publish surface coal mining study
Promulqate architectural/industrial maintenance coating rule
Promulgate stds for gasoline detergent additives
Comptt
Sfcfc II
Deadline IH
1
I
I
Jan-96 •
I
I
I
1
Jan-96 •
Nov-93 •
I
I
Jan-93 •
I
1
I
Nov-94 II
I
1
I
1
1
Nov-93 •
1
1
Nov-93 1
1
1
1
= J
18
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Bate
Mar-96
Apr-96
title
Title III -Air Toxics
Title IV - Acid Rain
Tittle VIII - Miscellaneous
Title I - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VI - CFCs
Title VII - Enforcement
Title II - Mobile Sources
ArfiwSy
Promulgate MACT for printing/publishing industry
Promulgate MACT for polymers and resins IV1
Promulgate MACT for pulp and paper
Promulgate rules for risk management plans and prevention
Publish aerospace CTG
Propose MACT for steel pickling
Propose MACT for primary Aluminum
Propose MACT for Portland Cement
Conduct allowance auction
Report to Congress: Competiveness impact of CAAA (Section 81 1 )
Promulgate SO2 NAAQS Review implementation
Promulgate open market trading rule
Propose Phase II standards for small gasoline engines
Promulgate medical waste incineration standards
Promulgate MACT for polymers and resins IV2
Propose MACT for oil & natural gas production
Promulgate SO2 NAAQS Review
Promulgate regulations requiring recycling of HFCs
Promulgate guidance/rule for field citations
Promulgate conformity amendments (Third set)
Promulgate non-road emission standards for marine engines
CamptL
Stat
Deadline
Nov-94
Nov-94
Nov-97
Nov-93
May-92
Nov-94
Nov-94
May-92
19
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Date
May-96
Jun-96
Jul-96
Aug-96
Sep-96
Title
Title III -Air Toxics
Title I - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title VII - Enforcement
Title IX - Clean Air Research
Title III -Air Toxics
Title V- Permits
Title VII - Enforcement
Title HI -Air Toxics
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III -Air Toxics
,„ ''/''' ' - ' ,
Ac#wSy ,f\r
Propose MACT commercial/industrial solid waste incinerators
Promulgate MACT for polymers and resins I
Propose 1C Engine NESHAP & NSPS
Propose MACT for ferroalloys
Propose MACT for flexible polyurethane foam production
Propose MACT for phosphoric acid/phosphate fertilizers
Propose ozone NAAQS review
Propose PM10 NAAQS review
Propose MACT for secondary Aluminum
Propose MACT for wool fiberglass
Second Report to Congress: Deposition of Air Pollutants to Great Waters
Promulgate rules for citizen suits
Study on international air pollution control technology
Promulgate consolidated Federal air rule
Promulgate revisions to the operating permits program
Promulgate rules for compliance assurance monitoring
Propose MACT for baker's yeast manufacturing
Propose emission stds for Ethanol-fueled vehicles and engines
Propose MACT for polymers and resins III
Oompfc
&at< •
Deadline !•
I
Nov-93 H
Nov-94 II
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Nov-95 II
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
Nov-92 II
I
I
1
I
I
I
1
20
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Sate
Sep-96
Oct-96
Nov-96
Dec-96
Jan-97
Feb-97
I Ittto
Title III -Air Toxics
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title III - Air Toxics
-
Title VII - Enforcement
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title IV -Acid Rain
Title 1 - Nonattainment
Title I - Nonattainment
Title IV -Acid Rain
ftc&&y
Propose MACT for pharmaceutical production
Develop inspection/training materials for medical waste incinerators
N02 NAAQS review
Publish 1 995 air quality & emission trends report
Determination to undertake rulemaking on emissions from engines
Promulgate MACT for wood treatment
Propose MACT for agricultural chemical production
Propose MACT for acrylic/mondacrylic fibers
Propose MACT for chlorine production
Propose MACT for petroleum refineries: Catalytic cracking/reforming units &
sulfur plant units
Propose MACT for polycarbonates production
Propose MACT for reinforced composites production
Propose MACT for polyether polyols production
Promulgate rules for monetary awards
Promulgate NSR reform rule
-
Promulgate NOx NSPS revisions new fossil fuel fired boilers (utility & nonutility)
Promulgate PM10 NAAQS Review
Promulgate Part C & D new sourcse requirements
Propose Group II limits for NOx emissions
Oorapfc.
. S&t*
Deadline
Nov-97
Jan-93
21
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Date
Feb-97
Mar-97
Apr-97
May-97
Jun-97
Aug-97
Sep-97
Oct-97
NoV-97
title -s I
Title III -Air Toxics
Title III - Air Toxics
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title II I -Air Toxics
Title III -Air Toxics
Title I - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Title III -Air Toxics
Title II - Mobile Sources
Title I - Nonattainment
Title III -Air Toxics
Ac*M*y
Promulgate MACT for primary copper
Promulgate MACT for publicly owned treatment works
Promulgate MACT for steel pickling
Promulgate industrial/commercial incinerators rule
Promulgate Phase II standards for small gasoline engines
Promulgate MACT for oil & natural gas production
Promulgate MACT for mineral wool
Promulgate MACT for phosphoric acid/phosphate fertilizers
Promulgate 1C engine NESHAP & NSPS
Promulgate ozone NAAQS review
Propose integrated PM/ozone NAAQS & Regional haze
implementaion strategy
Promulgate MACT for secondary Aluminum
Promulgate MACT for wool fiberglass
Promulgate MACT for baker's yeast manufacturing
Promulgate emission stds for Ethanol fueled vehicles and engines
Publish 1996 air quality & emission trends report
Promulgate MACT for phosphoric acid/phosphate fertilizers
C3qimp& ,
$*rt<
Deadline
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-2000
22
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised May 1994)
Bate
Nov-97
fi«ft
Title III -Air Toxics
Ac#v»y
Promulgate MACT for primary Aluminum
Promulgate MACT for agricultural chemical production
Promulgate MACT for acrylic/mondacrylic fibers
Promulgate MACT for chlorine production
Promulgate MACT for petroleum refineries: Catalytic cracking/reforming units &
sulfur plant units
Promulgate MACT for polycarbonates production
Promulgate MACT for reinforced composites production
Promulgate MACT for polyether polyols production
Promulgate MACT for Pharmaceuticals production
Promulgate MACT for polymers and resins HI
Promulgate MACT for ferroalloys
Promulgate MACT for flexible polyurethane foam production
Promulgate MACT for Portland Cement
CiompJt
$*atx
Deadline
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
23
-------
S1?
en QJ — . J
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CO
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