vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air And Radiation
(6102)
EPA 41O-K-99-001
March 1999
Implementation Strategy For The
Clean Air Act Amendments Of
1990 - Update March 1999
Overview
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Introduction ,
The Environmental Protection Agency publishes the Implementation Strategy to
inform Congress and the public on the status of activities planned or currently under-
way to implement the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA).
This is the eighth edition issued since the 1990 amendments were promulgated. Fol-
lowing is a summary highlighting recent accomplishments. The remainder of the
document consists of a two-year projection of future activities.
Key Accomplishments
Thanks to two-and-a-half decades of air pollution control and the enactment of the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the air is cleaner today than it was in 1970.
During this same time period the following reductions were achieved:
Many cities have cleaner air today than before the CAA amendments were enacted.
Today, concentrations of ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead are much
lower than previously measured.
More than 75 percent of cities that did not meet the air quality standard for carbon
monoxide in 1990 do nowwith much of the credit going to the Winter-time Oxygen-
ated Fuels Program, which began in 1992 in over 30 cities with carbon monoxide
pollution problems.
Today the country has no nonattainment areas for nitrogen dioxide. The few remaining
lead and sulfur dioxide nonattainment areas in the country are the result of localized
point sources for which action on an individual basis is being taken.
Moreover, these air quality improvements occurred in the face of population growth,
strong economic growth, and continued growth in the number of miles Americans
drive. EPA has worked with states and stakeholders to implement Clean Air Act
programs in effective ways, often using creative approaches that help achieve more
health and environmental protection at less cost.
Implementation Highlights
Cars are getting cleaner. Beginning with model year 1999, automakers will be
producing lower emitting vehicles. This National Low Emission Vehicle Program is
the result of an innovative voluntary agreement EPA brokered among automakers,
states (which need cleaner vehicles to meet the air quality goals of the CAA), and other
interested parties. These carsavailable initially in eight Northeastern states and the
District of Columbia, and nationally by 2000will be 70% cleaner than today's cars.
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Under the program, automakers have
voluntarily agreed to meet these
tighter standards on an enforceable
basis. The agreement benefits car
companies by avoiding a patchwork
of differing state emissions require-
ments. It benefits states by delivering
cleaner cars sooner than the statute
requires. It benefits the public by
providing cleaner, healthier air.
Also, EPA required auto makers,
starting in 1998, to phase in devices
on cars and trucks to capture smog-
producing gasoline emissions when
people refuel their vehicles. EPA's
action on these "on-board controls"
broke a 15-year regulatory gridlock.
Motor vehicle fuels are also getting
cleaner. In 1995, cleaner-burning,
reformulated gasoline, which reduces
smog and toxic chemicals, was
introduced year-round in about 30
percent of the U.S. gasoline supply
and the results have been tremendous.
For example, in those areas where we
measured, levels of benzene, atoxic
pollutant, was down 43%. One of the
other benefits of this program is that
reductions are immediate because
cleaner fuels can be used in any car
on the road today. EPA is preparing
for Phase II of the Reformulated
Fuels Program which will begin in
January 2000. The program provides
flexibility to refiners by allowing
compliance to be shown on a per-
gallon basis or an annual average
basis, and by allowing the trading of
benzene and oxygen credits.
Much remains unknown about the
toxic effects of vehicle emissions. In
order to even more carefully protect
public from breathing the emissions
of motor fuels and motor fuel addi-
tives, EPA in November 1998 re-
quired that the makers of motor fuels
and additives conduct substantial
health effects testing on gasoline with
and without oxygenates such as
MTBE and ethanol. This will help
fill in the knowledge gaps associated
with the potential toxic effects of
these emissions.
Buses and trucks are getting
cleaner. Diesel-powered urban
transit buses being built today release
almost 90 percent fewer particulate
emissions than buses in 1990. As a
result of EPA emissions standards for
new buses, smoke-belching, smelly
buses will disappear as old buses are
retired from service. In addition,
emissions control will be required for
older urban buses that have their
engines replaced or rebuilt.
In 1997 EPA issued a rule to reduce
nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocar-
bon emissions from heavy-duty diesel
engines used in large trucks and
buses. This will help in meeting
EPA is requiring
22 states and
the District of Columbia
to reduce
emissions of NO)
smog and fine particle air quality
standards. Cooperation among EPA,
the California Air Resources Board,
and leading engine manufacturers has
been crucial to this program, which is
targeted to cut NOx emissions from
these engines in half by 2004.
Additional emissions standards for
locomotives, heavy-duty off-road
engines (e.g. bulldozers), and small
gasoline engines also have been
issued recently. Like the heavy-duty
trucks rule, all of these standards
were developed with extensive
stakeholder participation and provide
manufacturers with flexibility to
comply through averaging, trading
and banking of emissions credits.
The Agency continues to develop and
implement the emission requirements
for new non-road engines (including
construction, farm, lawn and garden
equipment) and large diesel marine
engines.
Implementation is Proceeding to
Achieve New Air Quality Stan-
dards. More protective standards
for ozone and particulate matter were
promulgated in July 1997. A strong
body of science indicated that the old
standards did not adequately protect
public health. When implemented,
these new standards will provide
additional health protectionjor
millions of Americans. EPA is taking
a number of steps to help industries,
communities, and States achieve
these new air quality standards.
Based on the recommendations of a
37-state group formed to study and
address the transport of ozone and
NOx across state lines, EPA is requir-
ing 22 states and the District of
Columbia to reduce emissions of NOx
by an average of 28% across the
Eastern half of the U.S. States can
choose how to make the reductions.
This action will bring most of the
new 8-hour ozone non-attainment
areas into attainment with the new
ozone standard without the need for
additional local controls.
To assist interested states, EPA
included with the final rule a model
NOx Budget Trading Program that
states could adopt to obtain cost
effective emissions reductions from
electric utility and large industrial
boilers and turbines. Like the acid
rain trading program, this would
allow facilities that reduce emissions
early, or in greater amounts than
required, to sell their emission
reductions to other facilities that
cannot reduce emissions as quickly or
as cost effectively. This trading
program would allow states to
achieve over 90 percent of the
required emissions reductions.
Air toxics standards are in place.
During the last five years, EPA has
developed and issued technology-
based standards to protect public
health and the environment by cutting
the large quantities of toxic emissions
released to the air. These standards
focus on pollutants that are known or
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suspected of causing cancer or other
serious health effects, such as birth
defects. Since 1992, EPA has issued
27 pollution standards (affecting 52
industrial categories) for industries
such as dry cleaners, coke ovens,
petroleum refineries, and chemical
plants. The air toxics standards
issued to date will eliminate 1 million
tons of air toxics and 1.5 million tons
of smog-causing volatile organic
compounds per year. To put those
numbers in context, in the preceding
twenty years only seven such stan-
dards, eliminating 125,000 tons of
toxics, had been put in place.
These standards ensure that higher-
emitting facilities cut emissions to the
levels already being achieved by the
cleaner facilities in each category.
While reducing health risks, this
approach also promotes a level
economic playing field, ensuring that
facilities that employ cleaner pro-
cesses and good emission controls are
not disadvantaged relative to com-
petitors with poorer controls.
With the help of industry, state and
environmental stakeholders, EPA has
tailored each of these standards to the
circumstances of a particular industry
sector or type of facility. Approaches
such as numerical performance
standards, averaging, or alternative
compliance options are used to
provide facilities with flexibility on
means of compliance. A number of
standards (e.g., polymers and resins,
primary aluminum, Pharmaceuticals
and pesticides active ingredients)
provide for reductions in reporting
based on consistently good perfor-
mance.
The Acid Rain Program exceeds
goals. Affected facilities exceeded
targets set for sulfur dioxide (SO2)
and NOx reductions and demonstrated
100 percent compliance for both
pollutants. The SO2 program, in its
third year of compliance, continued
the early reductions seen in 1995 and
1996 with emissions that were 23
percent below 1997 allowable levels.
The NOx program, in its second year
of compliance, reduced emission
rates of affected utility units by an
average of 42 percent below 1990
rates, emitting 32 percent less NOx in
the process.
The Acid Rain Program is using two
different control systemsa market-
based cap and trade system to reduce
SO2 emissions by 10 million tons
below 1980 levels, and a more
traditional technology and standards
approach for NOx reductions which is
contributing significantly to the two
million ton reduction mandated from
1980 levels. The more flexible SO2
trading program has resulted in
the JVcid. Rain Program,
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cost effective strategies
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to meet NOX emission
budgets
greater reductions relative to compli-
ance goals than the NOx emission rate
limitation. The success of the cap
and trade program with respect to
cost savings and unprecedented levels
of emission reductions has encour-
aged consideration of emissions
trading for other regional air pollution
problems.
EPA was asked by the northeastern
states of the Ozone Transport Com-
mission to help administer a NOx cap
and trade system in the Ozone
Transport Region. In addition, the
Acid Rain Program will assist inter-
ested states in developing cost
effective strategies using a cap and
trade program to meet NOx emission
budgets established by EPA's recent
ozone transport rulemaking. This
will facilitate compliance with the
National Ambient Air Quality Stan-
dard for ozone.
Progress on Regional Haze. In a
move that is very important in the
West, and that will serve as a model
for dealing with visibility issues
across the country, the Grand Canyon
Visibility Commission, has succeeded
in gaining consensus on reduction of
"haze" at the Grand Canyon and 15
other nearby national parks and
wilderness areas. The Commission
included leaders from seven western
states and four Indian tribes and was
supported by a policy advisory
committee of diverse industrial,
interest group, tribal and governmen-
tal representatives. EPA will finalize
its regional haze rule in the Spring of
1999.
Reinvention of the Auto Emissions
Certification Program. A rein-
vented process for evaluating whether
new cars and light-duty trucks meet
emissions standards will save auto
manufacturers an estimated $55
million annually, while providing
better information on whether cars on
the road are continuing to meet the
standards. The vehicle emission
Compliance Assurance Program, or
CAP 2000, will redirect the focus of
EPA and automakers from pre-
production demonstrations to verifi-
cation of actual in-use performance.
This will save the auto industry in
reporting and testing costs and reduce
paperwork by 50 percent, as well as
save valuable pre-production time.
In exchange, industry will finance
extensive emissions testing of ve-
hicles in use on a broader scale than
the government could conduct. This
will give automakers substantial
incentives to ensure that their ve-
hicles meet the standards in actual
use, because they want to avoid costly
and embarrassing recalls.
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Simplified Clean Air Act Compli-
ance Requirements. The first
consolidated air regulation under the
Clean Air Act is proposing to com-
bine 16 existing air rules into one
simplified, voluntary set of regula-
tions for the synthetic organic chemi-
cal manufacturing industry. The
proposed rule is expected to save the
average size U.S. plant 1700 person-
hours or about $80,000 annually by
simplifying and consolidating moni-
toring, record keeping and reporting
requirements and reduce other
burdens. The consolidated rule
would maintain the current levels of
health and environmental benefits
from the 16 existing rules which
currently reduce emissions of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and air
toxics into the atmosphere.
Real-time air quality info for the
public.
Imagine a day when it's as easy to
find out the smog level in your city
today as to find out the weather
forecast. For many in this country,
that day has arrived.
The Ozone Mapping Project, or
AIRNOW, provides the public for the
first time with real-time information
about ozone (smog) levels in their
communities via color-coded maps
and animations that are easily under-
stood. Via the latest technology,
these maps are made available on an
Internet website and for local TV
weather reports.
A partnership between EPA and the
states, AIRNOW enables people to
make decisions to protect their health
from unhealthy ozone levels, by
providing information on ozone's
health effects as well as on air
quality.
EPA created AIRNOW in response to
a right-to-know initiative President
Clinton announced in 1996 to expand
the environmental information
available to communities. By the end
of 1998, AIRNOW provided real-
time ozone information for 21 States
and the District of Columbia. It will
expand to 13 additional States in
1999 and cover the contiguous United
States by 2001.
AIRNOW also provides animations
of ozone formation and movement
that are updated throughout the day as
well as previous day ozone peak
concentration maps, and maps
forecasting the next day's ozone
levels. Under the project, EPA staff
have worked with the weather service
providers, who provide local TV
meteorologists with much of their
weather data and images. In 1999,
the progress
we've made
in the last 20 years
in reducing
tail-pipe emissions
will erode unless
we set standards
that can take us into
the next two decades
in a way that ensures
mobile sources
will continue to be
part of the solution
the Weather Channel is planning to
carry the ozone forecasts and the
major weather service providers will
continue to make the maps available
to local stations.
EPA's Office of Air and Radiation
worked closely with environmental
experts from State and Local agencies
to create and implement the ozone
mapping project. Under the project,
EPA provides technical guidelines,
ensures consistency, and provides the
money needed for State and local
agencies to acquire dedicated "host"
computers to receive the data and
high-speed, reliable telecommunica-
tions capabilities to transmit the data
via the Internet to EPA's central data
collection center. State and local air
quality agencies, the monitoring data
experts, provide personnel resources
to operate the monitors, ensure
timely, reliable data collection and
transmittal to EPA, and coordinate
local public outreach campaigns.
Future Activities
Although we are making progress, the
promise of the Clean Air Act remains
unkept for many Americans, with
tens of millions of people in some
parts of the country still breathing
unhealthy air. The following activi-
ties will target several of the most
significant remaining problems.
Tighter Auto Emissions Standards
and Sulfur Reductions in Fuel. In
July 1998, EPA issued a report to
Congress on whether tighter auto
emissions standards were needed and
feasible. In that report, called the
Tier 2 Report, EPA found that new
Tier 2 emission standards are both
necessary and feasible. Because
vehicle miles traveled and light duty
truck sales are going up and the price
of gasoline is at an all-time low, the
progress we've made in the last 20
years in reducing tail-pipe emissions
will erode unless we set standards
that can take us into the next two
decades in a way that ensures mobile
sources will continue to be part of the
solution to our air pollution problems.
We also need to reduce the sulfur
levels in gasoline so that catalytic
converters and new engine technolo-
gies can perform optimally. EPA
will be proposing new Tier 2 emis-
sions and lower sulfur fuel standards
in 1999. The Tier 2 emissions
standards will take effect no earlier
than model year 2004.
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Reducing Urban Toxics. EPA will
also focus on reducing public expo-
sure to toxic air pollutants in urban
areas. Concentrations of motor
vehicles in urban areas, as well as
commercial and industrial activities,
mean higher urban exposure to toxic
chemicals in the air. Adding to the
dramatic improvements made in
emissions from large industrial
sources, EPA will turn new efforts
towards flexible and cost-effective
reductions in toxic emissions fronj
vehicles, fuels, and smaller sources.
Disclosure of Information on
Mercury Emissions. As part of the
public right-to-know initiatives, EPA
is requiring most coal-fired electric
generating plants to make publicly
available information concerning
mercury emissions coming from their
smokestacks. Coal-fired utilities are
the major source of mercury emis-
sions in the United States. In addi-
tion, all coal-fired power plants above
25 megawatts generating capacity
(approximately 1400 plants nation-
wide) are to sample and test for the
mercury content of the coal they burn
and report the results of the testing to
the Agency. EPA began collecting
the data in January 1999. All of the
information collected will be made
available to the public on the Internet
later in the year.
Supporting urban revitalization. In
cooperation with other federal
agencies, states and the U.S. Confer-
ence of Mayors, EPA is working in
three pilot cities (Baltimore, Chicago
and Dallas) to develop incentives for
redevelopment in the core city while
working toward clean air. This Clean
Air/Brownfields Partnership Pilot
will identify factors associated with
regulatory and permitting costs that
might have an effect on business
decisions to relocate outside of the
urban area, and incentives that can be
used to enhance urban livability and
economic growth. These incentives
might include, for example, credits
under state implementation plans for
infill development, based on the air
quality benefits of fewer vehicle
miles traveled associated with devel-
opment in urban areas rather than in
outlying "greenfield" areas.
Further steps to protect the ozone
layer. EPA will continue its leader-
ship role in completing the phase-out
of ozone depleting chemicals. Pro-
duction of CFCs and other key ozone
depleters has ended in developed
countries, but current agreements to
phase these chemicals out in develop-
ing countries need constant support.
EPA's trading regulations for ozone
depleting substances have served as a
model for other countries' rules. In
cooperation with the Department of
Agriculture and stakeholders, EPA
will move forward with current
requirements to phase out methyl
bromide both here and abroad, with
due regard for U.S. agricultural
competitiveness.
Clean Cars. In partnership with the
U.S. auto makers and the Energy and
Commerce Departments, EPA will
continue key work to bring ultrahigh-
mileage, low emission cars to the
point of commercialization, and
support market transformation
activities for cleaner vehicles and
fuels.
EnergyStar Technologies. Building
on proven successes (e.g., Green
Lights, EnergyStar computers), EPA
will extend its voluntary, cooperative
market transformation programs to
reduce energy consumption in
buildings and bring new energy
efficient product lines to market
including consumer electronics,
appliances, and residential and
commercial heating and cooling
equipment. These and other efforts
will help us continue to redefine
environmental protection in the 90's.
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
ATTACHMENT
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Propose Federal implementation
plan to control emissions from
sources located on the Fort Hall
Indian Reservation
Publish economic incentive project
guidance
Propose determination of
contribution to air pollution from
large sparking motor from nonroad
engines
Propose transportation conformity
pilot
Promulgate Federal operating
permits program in Indian Country
Propose compliance baseline
modification
Propose Tier II light duty vehicle
emissions and gasoline sulfur stds
Promulgate St. Louis opt-in to the
reformulated gasoline program
Promulgate NESHAP2 for
phosphoric acid/phosphate fertilizers
Issue advanced proposal for
controlling hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFC) production and import
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Requires sources located on the Reservation to implement
the intent of the CAA Title 1 program to bring about attainment
of the PM-10 NAAQS1 both on and off the Fort Hall Indian
Reservation
Issues guidance for open-market trading of ozone smog
precursors that will provide more flexibility for companies to
trade emission credits without prior State or Federal approval
Evaluates the contribution to air pollution from large sparking
motors from nonroad engines
Approves the conformity procedures developed by an area
selected to participate in the transportation conformity pilot
Clarifies EPA's authority to administer the Federal operating
permits program in Indian Country
Allows gasoline in excess of a refinery's baseline volume
Sets emission standards and gasoline content standard and
related requirements for control of air pollution from
passenger cars and light trucks
Approves St. Louis opt-in reformulated gasoline program
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from
phosphoric acid manufacturing and phosphate fertilizer
production
Discusses options for developing a system for allocating
production and import of chlorofluorocarbons
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NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NESHAP - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
MAR-1999
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Promulgate Regional haze
protection rule
Promulgate methods for
measurement of visible emissions
Final revision to pollutant standards
Index for ozone and participate matter
Propose redistribution of NOx
emissions budgets under rulemaking
to reduce regional transport of ozone
Promulgate nonhandheld small
engines rule
Promulgate Alaska Petition
Propose control emissions of air
pollution from 2004 and later model
year highway heavy-duty engines
(diesel and gasoline)
Promulgate NESHAP for pesticide
active ingredient production
Propose NESHAP for wet-formed
fiberglass mat production
Publish Report to Congress: Residual
Risk
Propose revision of test methods 1, 2,
and 2F for measuring volumetric flow
in stacks
Promulgate continuous emission
monitoring revisions (CEM)
Propose amending Nonessential
products Ban
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Final action on Section 126 petitions
Propose new source performance
standards (NSPS) for sewage
sludge incinerators
Promulgate service information
availability
Promulgate NESHAP for wool
fiberglass production
Promulgate NESHAP for mineral
wool production
Propose recovery and recycling
provisions for substitute refrigerants
Propose revisions to new source
review regulations to implement the
new NAAQS for ozone
Publish guidance for
implementation of ozone and
participate matter NAAQS and
regional haze regulations
Promulgate NESHAP for primary
Lead smelting
Promulgate NESHAP for primary
Copper smelting
Promulgate NESHAP for steel
pickling - HCL Process
Promulgate NESHAP for
acrylic/modactylic fibers
manufacturing
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Final EPA action on the petitions of eight northeastern
states who requested that EPA make a finding that certain
major stationary sources in upwind States contribute
significantly to ozone nonattainment problems in the
petitioning State
Establishes NSPS and emission guidelines for new and
existing solid waste incineration units
Requires manufacturers of automobiles to provide
necessary information to make use of emission control
diagnostic systems
Controls hazardous air pollutants emitted in the wool
fiberglass manufacturing process involving the preparation
of molten glass using raw materials
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from
mineral wool production
Amends administrative requirements of the existing
stationary recycling regulation to cover technician
certification, various definitions, and revocation procedures
Revises new source review regulations to enable States to
comply with only minor revisions to their existing programs
for areas classified as transitional
Publishes guidance designed to give States, local
governments, and businesses flexibility to meet air quality
standards for ozone and particulate matter in a reasonable,
cost effective manner
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from the
primary lead smelting industry
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from the
copper smelting process
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from the
steel pickling process
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from existing
and new facilities that manufacture or produce as an
interim process acrylic or modacrylic fibers
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11/15/1997
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
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Promulgate NESHAP for polyether
polyols production
Promulgate NESHAP ferroalloy
production
Promulgate NESHAP for hydrogen
fluoride production
Promulgate NESHAP for oil and
natural gas production and natural
gas transmission and storage
Promulgate NESHAP for petroleum
refineries - FCC units, reformers and
sulfur plants
Promulgate NESHAP for
polycarbonates production
Promulgate NESHAP for Portland
Cement Manufacturing
Promulgate NESHAP for publicly
owned treatment works
Propose NESHAP for ethylene
processes
Promulgate incorporation of Montreal
Protocol changes in phaseout
Propose an exemption process for
uses of methyl bromide for quarantine
and preshipment
Propose revisions to significant harm
levels for new ozone and PM
standards
Propose Inspection/Maintenance
(I/M) recall requirements
Propose performance warranty and
inspection /maintenance test
procedures
Propose handheld small engines rule
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Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from
process areas located at polyether polyols manufacturing
facilities
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from the
production of ferroalloy
Establishes maximum achievable control technology for
hydrogen fluoride production facilities
Controls hazardous air pollutants emitted from oil and gas
production, storage and transmission facilities
Covers three process vents not covered under rules for
petroleum refineries
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from the
production of polycarbonates resins
Develops a regulation for the Portland cement
manufacturing industry
Specifies maximum achievable control technology for
publicly owned treatment works
Explores alternatives controlling the release of hazardous
air pollutants from ethylene process facilities
Adds to or modifies existing phaseout provisions to
incorporate changes agreed to by parties to the Protocol, to
continue meeting the U.S. obligation under the treaty
Introduces an exemption process for uses of methyl
bromide for quarantine and preshipment in the U.S. from
-the phaseout schedule and makes adjustments to the
existing baseline
Updating current requirement for emergency episode plans
in state implementation plans
Specifies requirements for enhanced I/M programs to
ensure compliance with recall notices
Establishes a new short test procedure for use in I/M
programs required by the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990
Sets standards for air pollution control from handheld small
engines
^r^ffSs^r
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11/15/1997
11/15/1997
11/15/2000
11/15/1997
11/15/1997
11/15/1997
11/15/1997
11/15/1995
11/15/2000
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
"PfKMtCtBO "
tMSi'
JUN-1999
JUL-1999
AUG-1999
St.p-1999
OCT-1999
ฃAA
TifLG
I II -AIR Toxics
VI-CFCs
II -MOBILE
SOURCES
I II -AIR Toxics
VI-CFCs
VI-CFCs
I-NONATTAINMENT
lit -AIR Toxics
l-NONATTAINMENT
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Publish Report to Congress: Great
Waters
Propose changes to the ozone-
depleting substances transhipment
requirement
Promulgate expanded definitions for
alternative fueled vehicles and engines
Promulgate service information
availability onboard diagnostic systems
Propose revisions to the definition of
potential to emit
Propose allowance system for control
of hydrochiorofluorocarbons
Propose modification of the restriction
on sales of pre-charged split systems
Promulgate amendments to the
Nonessential products Ban
Promulgate 172(e) Anti-backsliding
Rule for PM-10
Promulgate NESHAP for the
manufacturing of nutritional yeast
Propose permit application review
procedures for non-Federal Class I
areas
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Emphasizes trends and significant progress in addressing
targeted nitrogen and persistent bio-accumulative
processes, and will highlight advances in science and
technical tools that help understand and mitigate air
pollution affecting Great Waters
Amends current rule to require those transhipping goods
with ozone-depleting substances through the U.S. to notify
EPA of the specifics of the transhipment
Eases the certification burden for both original equipment
manufacturers & after-market conversion entities
Requires manufacturers of automobiles to provide
necessary information to make use of emission control
diagnostic systems
Contains tougher requirements for "major" sources, those
with "potential to emit" (PTE) large amounts
Establishes a system for allocating allowances for the
production and import of hydrochiorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs)
Allows under specified conditions, the sales of class I or
class II refrigerants contained in appliances without fully
assembled refrigerant circuits, specifically "pre-charged"
split systems
Eliminates certain aerosols as exempted from the an, and
adds chlorofluorocarbons refrigerators to the Ban
Establishes a rule concerning implementation of PM-10
control measures in existing nonattainment areas during
the interim period before implementation of the new
national ambient air quality standards for particulate matter
Establishes control levels for both new and existing
sources in the baker's yeast manufacturing industry
Clarifies the prevention of significant deterioration of air
quality permit review procedures for new and modified
major sources near non-Federal Class I areas
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The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
- Pssajscfep '
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Nov-1999
v. -, v. . Xv.v.vI'.VAf.v .
, ;- - ฃ*& ;?;'>
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III -AIR Toxics
VI-CFCs
I- NONATTAINMENT
II - MOBILE
SOURCES
III -Am Toxics
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Propose NESHAP for asphalt
roofing and processing
Promulgate an exemption process
for uses of methyl bromide for
quarantine and preshipment
Propose new source performance
standards and emission guidelines
for industrial and commercial waste
incinerators
Propose new source performance
standards and emission guidelines
for other solid waste incinerators
Promulgate standards emissions for
new marine diesel engines at or
above 37 kilowatts
Propose NESHAP for coke ovens
Propose NESHAP for automobile
and light duty truck manufacturing
(surface coating reductions)
Propose NESHAP and new source
performance standards for
combustion turbines
Propose NESHAP for metal furniture
surface coatings reductions
Propose NESHAP for large
appliance surface coatings
reductions
Propose NESHAP for chlorine
production
Propose NESHAP for the industrial,
commercial and institutional boilers
and process heaters
Propose NESHAP for the integrated
iron and steel industries
,,-Al -c~ ", - , ;,, -\ ' j" -- oi^aspac** -'^~ "'" KiL *" '
i \", ;," -"^ - ^S.v. ""v.^, 'ซ, &:< ;,,,::' ,,, -- - "
*
Controls the release of hazardous air pollutant emissions
from the asphalt roofing and processing industry
Introduces an exemption process for uses of methyl bromide
for quarantine and preshipment in the U.S. from the
phaseout schedule and makes adjustments to the
existing baseline
Finalizes new source performance standards and emission
guidelines for industrial and commercial waste incinerators
Finalizes new source performance standards and emission
guidelines for other solid waste incinerators
Sets emissions standards to reduce emissions from diesel
marine engines
Establishes national emission standards for hazardous air
pollutants for pushing, quenching and battery stacks coke
oven operations
Reduces hazardous air pollutants emitted by the automobile
and light-duty truck manufacturing industry and volatile
organic compounds emissions from the coatings used
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from combustion
turbines
Reduces emissions of volatile organic compounds from
surface coating of metal furniture product and parts for
household or commercial use
Regulates nationwide emissions of volatile organic
compounds from surface coating of large appliance products
and parts for household, commercial and recreational use
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from the
chlorine production process
Addresses emissions of hazardous air pollutants from
industrial, commercial and institutional boilers and process
heaters source categories
Regulates the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from the
integrated iron and steel mills facilities
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11/15/2000 .
11
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
PfttttCYCD
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NOV-1999
DEC-1999
ฃAA
TlTLIi
HI -AIR Toxics
I -NONATTAINMENT
II- MOBILE
SOURCES
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lซpt,eซ(gซt<ซซ^jfeป^ซ;s,^v'; "-
; V f* t ซ* ^ป\ ซ '?"..''
Propose NESHAP for iron and steel
foundries
Propose NESHAP for the metal can
industry
Propose NESHAP for municipal solid
waste landfills
Propose NESHAP for plywood and
particle board manufacturing
Propose NESHAP for primary
maqnesium refining
Propose NESHAP for miscellaneous
organic chemical production and
processes
Propose NESHAP for paint stripping
operations
Propose NESHAP for polyvinyl
chloride production
Propose NESHAP for reinforced
plastic composites products
Propose NESHAP for tire
manufacturing
Propose NESHAP for paper and
other web coating reductions
Propose NESHAP for vegetable oil
production
Propose NESHAP and new source
performance standards for reci-
procatinq internal combustion engine
Promulgate Federal implementation
plans to reduce the regional
transport of ozone in the Eastern
U.S.
Promulgate revisions to new source
review regulations to implement the
new NAAQS for ozone
Promulgate Inspection/ Maintenance
recall requirements
ฃ ;-t x^^X^I^KoKiie^tids' :!-" ?*-'-'' *\
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Reduces the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from
the iron and steel foundries
Controls the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from the
metal can surface coating industry
Develops maximum achievable control technology
standards for municipal solid waste landfills
Develops maximum achievable control technology
standards for plywood and particle board manufacturing
Regulates emissions from the manufacture of primary
magnesium refining
Addresses organic chemical manufacturing processes not
covered by the HON (hazardous organic NESHAP) or
other maximum achievable control technology standards
Begins a regulatory development program for the paint
stripping process
Reduces hazardous air pollutants from the production of
polyvinyl chloride industry
Controls emissions of hazardous air pollutants from plants
engaged in the manufacturing of homopolymers and/or
copolymers
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from the
manufacture of rubber tires
Reduces hazardous air pollutants emitted by the paper
and other web coating industries and the reduction of
volatile organic compound emissions from the coatings
used by these industries
Sets national emission standards for hazardous air
pollutants for vegetable oil production facilities
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from the
stationary industrial and commercial/institutional
reciprocating internal combustion engines
Reduces transport of ozone (smog) pollution and one of
its main precursors -emissions of nitrogen oxides -
across State boundaries in 22 States and the District
of Columbia
Revises NSR regulations to enable States to comply with
only minor revisions to their existing programs for areas
classified as transitional
Specifies requirements for enhanced I/M programs to
ensure compliance with recall notices
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12
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
> PR&^TBO
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DEC-1999
JAN-2000
MAR-2000
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II -MOBILE
SOURCES
I II -AIR Toxics
VI-CFCs
VI-CFCs
I -NONATTAINMENT
II - MOBILE
SOURCES
* -- "' feSRHffl98S?^T*W'A$TSfiTy s v00'"
,~ ~ -.V"*'' S's>'
Promulgate control of emissions of air
pollution from highway heavy-duty engines
(diesel and gasoline)
Propose emissions standards for marine
diesel engines used in recreational vessels
Promulgate compliance baseline
modification
Promulgate Tier II light duty vehicle and
gasoline standards
Promulgate NESHAP for secondary
aluminum industry .
Promulgate NESHAP for the manufacturing
of amino and phenolic resins
Propose NESHAP for boat manufacturing
Promulgate revisions to the regulation for
approval of State programs and delegation
of Federal authorities (Section 1 1 2(l))
Promulgate NESHAP for secondary
aluminum industry
Promulgate recovery and recycling
provisions for substitute refrigerants
Propose additional steps to conform U.S.
methyl bromide program to obligations
under the Montreal Protocol and recent
changes to CAA
Promulgate new source performance
standards - sewage sludge incinerator
Promulgate handheld small engines rule
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%ซ- '"* ~ s % % >'
-
Sets emissions standards to reduce nitrogen oxides, non-
methane and hydrocarbon emissions from diesel and
gasoline engines used in highway trucks and buses
Implements emission standards and test procedures for
currently unregulated marine engines
Allows gasoline in excess of a refinery's baseline volume
Sets emission standards and gasoline content standard
and related requirements for control of air pollution from
passenger cars and light trucks
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from
the production processes involving secondary aluminum
initiates regulatory process for sources engaged in the
production of amino, and phenolic resins (polymers and
resins group III)
Reduces hazardous air pollutants emitted by the boat
manufacturing industry
The revisions to this rule will provide some flexibility,
clarity, and more options of States
Regulates the release of hazardous air pollutants from
the production processes involving secondary aluminum
Makes final the amended administrative requirements of
the existing stationary recycling regulation to cover
technician certification, various definitions, and
revocation procedures
Adds remaining phaseout steps for methyl bromide,
adjusts phaseout data, and establishes additional
exemptions
Establishes new source performance standards and
emission guidelines for new and existing solid waste
incineration units
Sets standards for air pollution control from handheld
small engines
^TfctfflfcR*''
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11/15/1997
11/15/1997
13
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
PftOJEsHttJ
0AIฃ
MAR-2000
APR-2000 _,
MAY-2000
JUN-2000
JUJ.-2000
'6AA *
Tatt
HI-AiRToxics
I -NONATTAINMENT
V -PERMITS
JH -AIR Toxics
I -NONATTAINMENT
VI-CFCs
1 -NONATTAINMENT
| " N^B^mt^ActiV^T "' ;
Propose NESHAP for miscellaneous
metal parts and products (surface
coating)
Promulgate new source performance
standards for the synthetic organic
chemicals manufacturing industry -
wastewater
Promulgate new source performance
standards for the synthetic organic
chemical manufacturing industry
(SOCMI)
Promulgate revisions to the
operating permits program
Propose NESHAP for organic liquid
distribution
Promulgate NESHAP for ethylene
processes
Promulgate new source review
(HSR) reform
Promulgate additional steps to
conform U.S. methyl bromide
program to obligations under the
Montreal Protocol and recent
changes to CAA
Propose designations based on
revised PM-10NAAQS
Promulgate designations based on
revised ozone NAAQS
Promulgate Federal implementation
plan to control emissions from
sources located on the Fort Hall
Indian Reservation
f-ปg$?ปjPD^ / '<-"*,' -\-; ,"- ฃ/*>/",: --^'
. ' ' %- " - ' * s' , ' i-
Regulates emissions of volatile organic compounds and
hazardous air pollutant from operations that apply surface
coatings to metal parts and products
Develops new source performance standards to control
emissions of volatile organic compounds from wastewater
treatment operations at the synthetic chemical manufacturing
industry
Clarifies applicability of process vent requirements for SOCMI
and other processes subject to the negotiated regulation for
equipment
Changes the procedures States use to revise Title V operating
permits and adds fast-track processes: public and EPA review
for permit revisions based on the environmental significance of
the change. Also, makes other changes to improve overall
implementation of the current rule
Sets maximum achievable control technology standards to
reduce the release of hazardous air pollutants from facilities
distributing organic liquids
Explores alternatives controlling the release of hazardous air
pollutants from ethylene process facilities
Revises the CAA NSR regulations to enable States to comply
with only minor revisions to their existing programs for areas
classified as transitional
Adds remaining phaseout steps for methyl bromide, adjusts
phaseout data, and establishes additional exemptions
Identifies attainment and non-attainment areas based on
revised PM-10 NAAQS
Identifies attainment and non-attainment areas based on
revised ozone NAAQS
Brings about attainment of the PM-10 NAAQS both on and off
the Fort Hall Indian Reservation
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14
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
JUL-2000
SEP-2000
OCT-2000
Nov-2000
>f, $M\; T
'" &.. ft f- >*!&ฃ, < ***.""
W 1 1 U ป ^ifAv5*-ฎh%ShfcW4fcuij
1 -NONATTAINMENT
11 - MOBILE
SOURCES
I II -AIR Toxics
II - MOBILE
SOURCES
1 -NONATTAINMENT
li - MOBILE
SOURCES
III -AIR Toxics
1 -NONATTAINMENT
II - MOBILE
SOURCES
T"^ i^^wmkw$$$^^\:*
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Propose review of minor new sources
and modifications in Indian country
Promulgate controls of hazardous air
pollutants from motor vehicles, motor
vehicles fuels
Promulgate revisions to the definition
of potential to emit
Propose emission standards for new
large spark ignition nonroad engines
Promulgate permit application review
procedures for non-Federal Class 1
areas
Promulgate determination of
contribution to air pollution from large
sparking motor from nonroad engines
Promulgate NESHAP for asphalt
roofing and processing
Promulgate new source performance
standards and emission guidelines for
other solid waste incinerators
Promulgate new source performance
standards and emission guidelines for
industrial and commercial waste
incinerators
Promulgate emissions standards for
marine diesel engine used in
recreational vessels
.V.W.V f ,yr fVff ^ ,. ffyfffff '. fytff. f t'fff. . f ', '''?**''.
'"" "* ^^V" ts%s5"^~ Ife^w^ia*^- J?~ ฃฃ ^IrH
, ' ' ' ' ' "' v, . ;, ' , ^ ^ ,-.- ' 'A '' > "
Addresses State plans that limit emissions from new or
modified minor sources of air emissions to protect the
national ambient air quality standards that do not apply in
Indian Country
Sets emissions standards and related requirements for
control of hazardous air pollution from motor vehicles, motor
vehicles fuels
Contains tougher requirements for "major" sources, those
with "potential to emit" (PTE) large amounts
Sets emissions standards if an affirmative determination is
made on contribution to air pollution from new large spark
ignition nonroad engines
(
Clarifies the prevention of significant deterioration of air
quality permit review procedures for new and modified major
sources near non-Federal Class 1 areas
Evaluates the contribution to air pollution from large sparking
motors from nonroad engines
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from the asphalt
roofing and processing industry.
Finalizes new source performance standards and emission
guidelines for other solid waste incinerators
Finalizes new source performance standards and emission
guidelines for industrial and commercial waste incinerators
Implements emission standards and test procedures for
currently unregulated marine engines
> .. ซ* f f fffffffff*
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11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/1994
15
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
LPM?BซBป
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Nov-2000
CAA
. . tillE
111 -AIR Toxics
i
' te$^^M)m&&w$^'f
: '.'>-^'''-,''^ ':
i
Promulgate NESHAP and new
source performance standards for
combustion turbines
Promulgate NESHAP for automobile
and light duty truck manufacturing
(surface coating reductions)
Promulgate NESHAP for large
appliance surface coatings
reductions
Promulgate NESHAP for metal
furniture surface coatings reductions
Promulgate NESHAP for paint
stripping operations
Promulgate NESHAP for the
integrated iron and steel industries
Promulgate NESHAP for the
industrial, commercial and
institutional boilers and process
heaters
Promulgate NESHAP for iron and
steel foundries
Promulgate NESHAP for the metal
can industry
Promulgate NESHAP for municipal
solid waste landfills
Promulgate NESHAP for plywood
and particle board manufacturing
Promulgate NESHAP for primary
magnesium refining
Promulgate NESHAP for
miscellaneous organic chemical
production and processes
Promulgate NESHAP for tire
manufacturing
Promulgate NESHAP for paper and
other web coating reductions
Promulgate NESHAP and new
source performance standard for
internal combustion engines
Promulgate NESHAP for boat
manufacturing
* - x/'<;r,;"^'^<5'\ซ'^'?>'^v^^^^ "**? ', ^
, <,<,,, % "^y^^^m^^^r-i % ฃ?< - -^ ^
i " -"""": &*ซ$% ฃtyri%"%'!Z~%Jฎf'$' -<$*,' &*.'' ',-,":
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from combustion
turbines
Reduces hazardous air pollutants emitted by the automobile
and light-duty truck manufacturing industry and volatile
organic compounds emissions from the coatings used
Regulates nationwide emissions of volatile organic
compounds from surface coating of large appliance products
and parts for household, commercial and recreational use
Reduces emissions of volatile organic compounds from
surface coating of metal furniture product and parts for
household or commercial use
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from paint
stripping processes
Regulates the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from the
integrated iron and steel mills facilities
Addresses emissions of hazardous air pollutants from
industrial, commercial and institutional boilers and process
heaters source categories
Reduces the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from the
iron and steel foundries
Reduces the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from the
metal can surface coating industry
Develops maximum achievable control technology standards
for municipal solid waste landfills
Develops maximum achievable control technology standards
for plywood and particle board manufacturing
Regulates emissions from the manufacture of primary
magnesium refining
Addresses organic chemical manufacturing processes not
covered by the HON (hazardous organic NESHAP) or other
maximum achievable control technology standards
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from the
manufacture of rubber tires
Reduces hazardous air pollutants emitted by the paper and
other web coating industries and the reduction of volatile
organic compound emissions from the coatings used by these
industries
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from stationary
industrial and commercial/institutional reciprocating internal
combustion engines
Reduces hazardous air pollutants emitted by the boat
manufacturing industry
:'/<; , ' *
'^fty&Fm;-.
"""^BftDt^K *s
11/30/2000
11/15/2000
11/30/2000
11/30/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
11/15/2000
16
-------
The Clean Air Act Implementation Strategy
(Revised March, 1999)
'"", ' '"' i
.^R&Hiffift
*..<...3*m.'..J
Nov-2000
DEC-2000
- '* jjlV;^
III -AIR Toxics
III -AiR Toxics
**r?,> ^^ .'"-,&,
Jปm&m$&JtmA$?mT>? ;'
v/VS^^ m ,, ', ''0 '
Promulgate NESHAP for
miscellaneous metal parts and
products (surface coating)
Promulgate NESHAP for
miscellaneous cellulose production
Propose NESHAP for clay products
manufacturing
Propose NESHAP for the
refractories manufacturing
Promulgate NESHAP for pulp and
paper (combustion)
-
'^ 1 ' OfisstapgidiN "' " "<" "
': V.^. ^ *" . __ % ^ ^
Regulates emissions of volatile organic compounds and
hazardous air pollutant from operations that apply surface
coatings to metal parts and products
Establishes maximum achievable control technology
standards for facilities manufacturing miscellaneous cellulose
products
Controls hazardous air pollutants emitted by the clay products
manufacturing industry
Reduces hazardous air pollutants emitted by the refractory
manufacturing industry
Controls hazardous air pollutant emissions from the pulp and
paper industry which uses a number of chemical and
mechanical processes to digest wood and produce pulp
&AWT0B? '
.J&B&l&fcHiffi .. .
11/15/2000
17
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