IWHAT  IS  GOVERNMENT DOING?

        Diesel engines are a durable and economical source of power.
        EPA and states are taking important steps
        to advance cleaner diesel engines.

        EPA is requiring reductions of diesel pollution from new
        heavy-duty diesel trucks and buses. In 2006, diesel fuel will
        contain 97 percent less sulfur. This ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel in
        combination with advanced pollution control technology will mean
        that in 2007, new trucks and buses rolling off the production lines
        will be up to 95 percent cleaner than today's models.

        EPA has issued emission standards for new, non-road diesel
        engines, such as construction and farm equipment, and is working
       io strengthen these standards in the future.

        Engines within the existing fleet will not be subject to the new
        regulations, yet may remain in operation for another 25-30
        years. Therefore, EPAandstates.areworkingto:

        f& Retrofit existfhgdiesel vehicles with pollution controls.
        © Implement emission testingprogfams for diesel vehicles.
        ©  Create and jmplement anti-idling programs'.   •
        O  Promote cleanerfuels like ultra-low sulfur diesel and
           compressed natural gas.
    EPA Standards for New Trucks and  Buses
       Nitrogen Oxides
              Particulate Matter
                    emissions*
                                  1984



                                  1991



                                  1994



                                  1998
 2004
 2007
                                  2004
future      2007
standards
'. EPA's emission standards for tr.ucks and buses are based on the amount of pollution •:
   emitted per unit of energy (expressed in grams per brake horsepower hour).
                EPA420-F-02-048  September 2002
         I printed on. 100% recycled paper, with a minimum of
          50% post consumer waste, using vegetable based inks

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fe^IESEL EXHAUST
 & YOUR  HEALTH

       Diesel  exhaust contains
       tiny particles known as fine
       particu late matter. These
       tiny or "fine" particles are
       so small that several
       thousand of them could fit
       in the period at the end of
       this sentence. Diesel engines
  are one of the largest sources of
  fine partieuiate matter.

  •  Fine;jjarticles in the air are a
    series public health problem.
    Theipose a significant health risk
    beoiiiselhey can pass through
          e: anjd throat and become
         'in the lungs.  Finepar-
   -ticlfecan cause lung damage and
    prerjfa'ture death. They  can
    alsp'iajgravate respiratory con-
    ditidhasuch as asthma and bron-
    chitis. Diesel exhaust is likely to
    cause cancer in humans.

 «  Nationwide, partieuiate matter,
    and especially the fine particles
    such as those in diesel exhaust  •
    cause 15,000 premature deaths
    every year.

WHO IS MDST AT RISK?
 •  People with existing heart or lung
    disease, asthma or other respi-
    ratory problems are most sensi-
   tive to the health effects of fine
   particles, as are children and the
   elderly.

 • In  general, children  are  more
   sensitive to air pollution because
   they breathe 50 percent more air
   per pound of body weightthan adults
   do.
                                                                    OTHER HEALTH AND
                                                                    ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
                                                                    •  Fine particles from diesel engines contribute to haze which
                                                                       restricts visibility.

                                                                    •  Diesel exhaust also contributes to ozone formation (a com-
                                                                       ponent of smog), acid rain, and global climate change.
 iaEDUClNG  EMISSIONS
 IDLING
  •  Turn the engine off if you will be idling more than a few
    minutes. A typical heavy-duty truck or bus can burn ap-
    proximately one gallon of diesel fuel for each hour it.
    idles, generating significant amounts of pollution, wasting
   .fuel, and causing excessive engine wear.

  •  Vehicle owners can buy small generators or auxiliary
    power units that provide heat, air conditioning, and/
    or  power while a vehicle is parked. These devices
    substantially reduce fuel consumption and emissions
   generatedduring long-duration idling.

 •. Owners of older vehicles can buy electric starting aids
   such as block heaters which help warm the engine to avoid
   starting difficulties and reduce idlingtime during engine warm-
   up. Newer vehicles are designed to start easily at all
   temperatures without idling.  •'

RETROFITS  AND  CLEANER FUELS
 • Use ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel in combination with
   pollution control equipment such as partieuiate
   matter filters. Although ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel is not
   required until 2006,  it is currently available in parts of the
   United States.

 • In some cases, this approach can reduce partieuiate
   matter emissions by more than 90 percent.

NEW  VEHICLE  PURCHASES -
WHAT TO CONSIDER ,
 • Vehicles equipped with the most
   advanced emission control
   systems available.
                                                                     Vehicles equipped with devices that
                                                                     minimize idling and warm-up time
                                                                     automatically.
                                                                     Vehicles that run on cleaner fuels I ike compressed natural gas.

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