EPA/AA/TDG/93-01
Technical Report
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends Through 1993
by
J. Dillard Murrell
Karl H. Hellman
Robert M. Heavenrich
May 1993
NOTICE
Technical Reports do not necessarily represent final EPA
decisions or positions. They are intended to present technical
analysis of issues using data which are currently available* The
purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the
exchange of technical information and to inform the public of
technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA
decision, position or regulatory action.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Mobile Sources
Emission Control Technology Division
Control Technology and Applications Branch
2565 Plymouth Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN 48105
OFFICE OF
AIR AND RADIATION
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: Exemption From Peer and Administrative Review
FROM:
Karl H. Hellman, Chief , TDG
TO:
Charles L» Gray, Jr. Director, RPT
The attached report entitled "Light-Duty Automotive Technology
and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1993," (EPA/AA/TDG/93-01) describes
the trends in car and light truck fuel economy and trends in
vehicle technological attributes important to fuel economy.
Since this report is concerned only with the presentation of
data and its analysis, and does not involve matters of policy or
regulation, your concurrence is requested to waive administrative
review according to the policy outlined in your directive of April
22, 1982.
Concurrence :
.
Cfiar les L . Gray , ' Jr .A Bir . , RPT
Date s $"-£<7-? ?
Nonconcurrencat
Date:
Charles L. Gray, Jr., Dir., RPT
-------
Table of Contents
Page
I. Summary ...... ... ....... ......... i
II. Introduction ........ ......... . . . . 1
III. General Car and Truck Trends ...... ...... 3
IV. Technology Trends .................. 11
V. Fuel Economy Improvement Potential ......... 13
VI. Trends by Market Segment. ...... ........ 19
VII. Conclusions . ..... ...... ......... 29
VIII. Acknowledgments ... ......... ....... 29
IX. References .......... . ......... .30
APPENDIX A - Vehicle Classification System ........ A-l
APPENDIX B - 1992 Nameplate MFC Listings ......... B-l
APPENDIX C - 1993 Nameplate MPG Listings ......... C-l
APPENDIX D - Data Stratified by Technology,
Including Valves Per Cylinder ..... . : . . D-l
APPENDIX E - Best-In-Class Data, Including
Role Model Vehicles ............. E-l
APPENDIX F - Data Stratified by Weight Class . ...... F-l
APPENDIX 6 - Data Stratified by Vehicle Class ...... G-l
APPENDIX H - Data Stratified by Cylinder Count ...... H-l
-------
I. suaaarv
This, the twenty-fifth in this series of papers and reports,
examines trends in light-duty vehicle fuel economy and technology
usage through model year 1993.
II. introduction
Light-duty automotive technology and fuel economy trends are
examined herein, as in preceding papers in this series, [1-24],*
using the latest and most complete EPA data available. The source
database was frozen in December 1992.
Through model year 1991, the fuel economy and vehicle sales
database used for this report was formed from the most complete
database used for MPG standards and Gas Guzzler regulatory
compliance purposes. For all practical purposes, these databases
are stable and are not expected to change in the future. For model
years 1992 and 1993, the fuel economy database used for this report
was formed from the final compliance data if available and
augmented with data from the database used for the government's
fuel economy public information programs: the gas mileage Guide
and the MPG labels that are placed on new vehicles. The vehicle
sales database for 1992 and 1993 used for this report was formed
from the compliance and information databases, adjusted to take
into account sales data available in trade publications at the time
the database was frozen.
The MPG data in this series and this paper are unadjusted data
values, with no correction factors for laboratory to on-road
shortfall or "test procedure adjustment."1 Because the test
procedure adjustments have not been made, the MPG values in this
"report are always lower than those reported by the Department of
Transportation. This difference for the combined car and truck
fleet has averaged 0.3 MPG for the last 14 years. This systematic
1 percent difference does not influence the fuel economy and
technology trends in this report. Where only one MPG value is
presented, it is 55/45 combined MPG. All vehicle weight data are
based on inertia weight class (nominally curb weight plus 300 Ibs).
The light truck data in this paper include vehicles classified as
light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) up to
8,500 lb» for all years shown.
This paper includes an estimate of 0 to 60 MPH acceleration
time, calculated froa engine rated horsepower and vehicle inertia
weight, as in reference 25, and a top speed index similarly
Numbers in brackets denote references listed at the end of
the text.
-------
i
-2-
calculated using an analysis of actual vehicle performance data.
These estimates provide quantitative "indexes11 of vehicle
performance capability.
Vehicle classification as to vehicle type, size class and
manufacturer/origin generally follows fuel economy label, Gas
Mileage Guide, and CAFE protocols; exceptions are listed in
Appendix A. In some passenger car tables, Large Sedans and Wagons
are aggregated as "Large," Midsize Sedans and Wagons are aggregated
as "Midsize," and "Small" includes all other cars. Pickups, Vans
and Utility Trucks are sometimes each subdivided as "Small," and
"Large." The truck classification scheme used in this paper is
explained in reference 14.
Grouping all vehicles into classes and then constructing time
trends of parameters of interest like MPG can provide interesting
and useful results. The results, however, are a strong function of
the definitions used to define.the classes. Nowhere is this more
important than in the definition of Domestic and Import or Domestic
and European and Asian vehicles used in this series of papers.
Classes based on other definitions are possible and results
from these other classifications may also be useful. Some other
classification scheme concepts, not all mutually exclusive, could
be:
Grouping of vehicles .made in the U.S.A.
(and/or in Canada and/or in Mexico);
Various percents of domestically added value;
Grouping by who markets vehicles instead of who makes them;
Grouping based on where the profits or losses wind up; and
Grouping by whether or not vehicles are assembled with union
or non-union labor. . -
This report did not analyze a sensitivity to class definitions
because the magnitude of the effort is too large for this report,
and because the basic reasons for investigating these different
classification schemes have less to do with MPG trends than they do
with job policy and/or industrial policy, which are not the subject
of this report. (The initial reason behind the Domestic and Import
definition in the fuel economy standards legislation was 'based on
concern with jobs, not on any reason dealing with MPG technology.)
Appendix B lists the model year 1992 nameplates and their
average MPG as of the data freeze date. Appendix C presents
similar data for 1993.
-------
-3-
III. General Car and Truck Trends
Table 1 gives characteristics of passenger cars, light
trucks, and all light-duty vehicles (cars and light trucks) for
model years 1975 to 1993. Figures 1 through 4 show some of the
general time trends in some of the data from Table 1.
The 1993 MPG for cars, trucks, and both: 28.0, 20.8, and 25
are not greatly changed from those of 1992 and, in fact, are all
within 1 MPG of the corresponding data since 1985. Figures 3 and
4 show that average vehicle weight is creeping up. Cars have
gained more than 6 percent in weight since the minimum in 1987 and
the more obvious truck trend shows an 11 percent increase since
then. Since the average MPG has remained constant and not
decreased in "response1* to these weight increases, the 1993 car and
truck fleets are the most efficient ever on the basis of ton-MPG.
There is substantial . experience now with the current fuel
economy standards. In the more than 15 years for which fuel
economy standards have been established, it is of interest to look
at what the response of the industry has been to the requirements.
Figure 1 shows that the car and truck fleets have essentially
attained the regulatory requirements on a fleetwide average basis.
Figure 2 shows this data in more detail. The type of standards
that exist now involve a substantial penalty for being below the
standards and no long-term benefit for being above the
requirements. Other influences, including market forces such as
the cost of gasoline-and consumer preferences being equal, such a
standard would tend to make all manufacturers approach the same
value—the standard. Considering manufacturer groups as an
indication, Figure 2 indicates that the trends roughly show an.
approach toward similar values. What Figure 2 also shows is that
the "rising tide1* (the performance of the Domestic manufacturers
•since 1975) does not "lift all ships" (the other manufacturer
groups).
Clearly, the MPG-related vehicle attribute which has changed
most dramatically in the last decade is performance. Figure 5 uses
an estimate of 0 to 60 MPH acceleration time as the performance
indicator and Figure 6 likewise uses an analytical estimate of top
speed as the performance metric. In addition to the trends
depicted on: Figures 5 and 6, Figure 5 provides an estimate of what
the MPG of: the car fleet would be if the performance were kept
constant at the level of that of 1984. A fleet MPG in excess of 30
MPG has been foregone in favor of higher performance.
Figures 7 and 8 present the average performance, weight and
volume characteristics of 1993 passenger cars in different MPG
bands. The results show that vehicles with high MPG have less
performance, are lighter, and tend to have smaller interior volume
than vehicles with low MPG.
-------
-4-
MPG by Model Year
Avorago MPQ
Percent Truck
-75%
100%
-50%
-25%
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
ModolYear
Flgur* 1
MPG, 1975 to 1993 Cars
MPQ
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Flgur* 2
-------
-5-
TABLE 1 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
KOOEL
YEAR,
Cars
SALES
(000) FRAC
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FT-
18 CU-FT CIO HP TIME SPEEO CJD. WT -UPS -MPG TOH-HPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
198S
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8836
8540
7812
9099
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
.803
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.702
.693
.699
.678
.639
.658
13.7
15.2
16.0
17.2
17.7
20.3
21.7
22.3
22.1
22.4
23.0
23.7
23.9
24.2
23.8
23.4
23.6
23.2
23.5
19.5
21.3
22.3
24.5
24.6
29.0
31.1
32.7
32.7
33.3
34.3
35.5
35.9
36.6
36.3
35.9
36.3
36.2
36.6
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.7
28.0
27.7
28.0
4058
4059
3944 110.9
3588 109.5
3485 109.4
3101 104.7
3076 107.0
3054 106.6
3112 109.2
3099 108.0
3093 108.6
3041 107.8
3031 107.1
3047 107.5
3099 108.2
3179 107.6
3153 107.3
3223 108.4
3234 108.4
288
287
279
251
238
188
182
175
182
179
177
167
162
160
163
164
163
168
169
136
134
133
124
119
100
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
139
141
14.2
14.4
14.0
13.7
13.8
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.0
13.8
13.3
13.2
13,0
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.8
11.6
11.5
111.4
110.5
111.4
111.1
110.3
106.7
106.3
106.4
107.8
108.8
110.7
111.2
111.9
113.1
114.7
116.8
118.3
120.1
120.8
.515
.502
.516
.538
.545
.583
.594
.609
.615
.637
.671
.701
.732
.759
.783
.828
.851
.869
.872
.0331
.0324
.0335
.0342
.0338
.0322
.0320
.0320
.0330
.0339
.0355
.0360
.0365
.0375
.0387
.0401
.0414
.0425
.0430
32.3
35.5
36.4
35.9
35.4
36.6
38.9
40.1
40.7
41.1
41.9
42.6
42.8
43.7
43.8
44.2
44.3
44.8
4S.4
2091
2240
2258
2507
2744
2836
2904
2910
2990
3057
3051
3119
3080
3011
3038
3036
3066
4021
3926
3878
3841
4161
4273
4426
4425
4548
4585
4569
4693
4723
4744
4742
4843
4908
Truck*
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986 -
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4047
4420
4728
.194
.212
.200
.227
.222
.165
.173
.197
.223
.239
.254
.283
.278
.298
.307
.301
.322
.361
.342
12.1
12.8
14.0
13.8
13.4
16.5
17.8
18.1
18.3
17.9
18.0
18.8
18.8
18.3
18.1
17.8
18.3
17.5
17.7
16.2
16.9
18.1
17.3
16.8
21.9
23.9
24.4
25.2
24.8
24.9
25.9
26.S
26.2
25.8
25.8
26.6
25.7
26.3
13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
21.3
20.4
20.S
4072
4155
4135
4151
4252
3869
3806
3806
3763
3782
3795
3738
3713
3841
3921
4005
3949
4122
4125
311
319
318
314
298
248
247
243
231
224
224
211
210
227
234
237
228
243
244
142
141
147
146
138
121
119
120
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
157
165
13.6
13.8
13.3
13.4
14.3
14.5
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.7
14.2
14.0
13.3
12.9
12.8
12.6
12.5
12.5
12.0
113.7
112.7
114.8
114.2
111.0
108.2
107.8
108.5
107.9
107.7
109.7
110.0
112.7
115.1
116.2
117.2
117.3
118.3
120.7
.476
.458
.482
.481
.486
.528
.508
.524
.543
.557
.586
.621
.654
.650
.653
.668
.681
.673
.698
.0349
.0340
.0356-
.0351
.0325
.0313
.0311
.0317
.0313
.0310
.0326
.0330
.0351
.0366
.0372
.0377
.0379
.0383
.0400
28.4
30.5
33.0
32.4
32.1
36.3
38.8
39.6
39.9
39.3
39.6
40.4
40.4
40.9
41.2
41.8
42.2
42.3
42.9
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14454
12641
12587
12232
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
13826 1.000
13.*
14.*
19.*
16.3
16.5
19.6
20.9
21.3
21.2
21.2
21.5
22.1
22.2
22.1
21.7
21.4
21.6
20.8
21.1
18.7
20.2
21.3
22.3
22.3
27.5
29.S
30.7
30.6
30.0
31.3
32.!!
32.A
32.7
32.3
32.1
32.4
31.5
32.3
15.3
16.7
17.7
18.6
18.7
22.5
24.1
24.7
24.6
24.6
25.0
25.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.2
25.4
24.5
25.0
4060
4079
3982
3715
3655
3228
3202
3202
3257
3262
3271
3238
3221
3283
3351
3427
3409
3548
3539
293
294
287
266
252
198
193
188
193
190
189
180
175
180
185
186
184
195
195
137
135
136
129
124
104
102
103
107
109
114
114
118
123
129
135
138
146
149
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
1
3
8
6
9
3
4
4
1
0
6
4
1
8
5
2
1
9
7
111.4
111.<
112.1
111.
110.
106.
106.
106.
107.
108.!
110.!
110.i
112.1
113.1
115.4
117.(
118.1
119.4
120.'
1 .507
1 .493
.510
.525
.532
.374
.580
.593
.599
S .618
i
i .650
> .678
1 .710
r .726
! .743
) .780
) .796
k .798
r .812
.0335
.0328
.0339
.0344
.0335
.0320
.0318
.0320
.0327
.0332
.0347
.0351
.0361
.0372
.0382
.0394
.0403
.0410
.0420
31.6
34.4
35.7
35.1
34.7
36.6
38.9
40.0
40.5
40.7
41.3
42.0
42.1
42.9
43.0
43.4
43.6
43.9
44.5
-------
-6-
TABLE 1 (Continued) CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES (PERCENTAGE BASIS)
MODEL
YEAR
Cars
Trucks
Both
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4U)
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI T8I PORT CARS
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SHALL MID LABCE
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIAN IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
6.5
5.8
6.8
9.6
11.9
29.7
37.0
45.6
47.3
53.7
61.6
71.1
77.0
81.7
82.5
84.3
83.3
81.9
81.6
.3
.9
.7
.8
3.1
1.0
2.1
1.1
1.1
.8
1.0
1.0
1.4
.7
.6
19.9
17.1
16.8
20.2
22.3
31.9
30.4
29.7
27.4
24.2
23.6
24.8
24.9
24.3
21.0
19.6
20.5
20.0
19.3
6.7
8.0
16.5
33.3
51.4
56.7
58.3
58.7
58.0
59.5
66.1
69.3
73.0
73.6
73.4
74.5
5.1
3.2
4.2
5.1
4.7
6.9
8.8
17.0
28.3
39.4
53.5
65.1
73.0
83.7
90.2
98.6
99.8
99.9
100.0
.7
2.6
9.8
18.9
24.4
32.0
28.4
30.5
30.0
27.8
21.4
21.8
9.4
7.8
5.1
3.2
4.2
5.1
4.7
6.2
6.1
7.2
9.5
15.0
21.4
36.7
42.5
53.7
62.4
77.2
78.0
90.6
92.2
94.6
96.6
95.3
94.0
93.2
88.7
85.3
78.4
69.6
58.9
45.6
34.5
26.8
16.3
9.7
1.4
.2
.3
.5
.9
2.1
4.4
5.9
4.7
2.1
1.7
.9
.3
.3
.1
.1
55.4
55.4
51.9
44.7
43.7
54.4
51.5
56.5
53.1
57.4
55.7
59.5
63.5
64.8
58.3
58.4
61.6
58.8
58.4
23.3
25.2
24.5
34.4
34.2
34.4
36.4
31.0
31.8
29.4
28.9
27.9
24.3
22.3
28.2
28.6
26.2
27.1
25.7
21.3
19.4
23.5
21.0
22.1
11.3
12.2
12.5
15.1
13.2
15.4
12.6
12.2
12.8
13.5
13.1
12.3
14.1
15.9
81.6
84.9
82.2
80.2
80.4
71.2
71.7
70.4
71.0
75.9
72.3
68.2
61.6
61.2
61.9
57.0
56.4
57.2
57.9
8.2
5.4
5.5
6.3
5.6
8.4
6.0
6.3
5.5
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.9
6.3
5.5
4.9
4.5
4.3
4.3
10.3
9.7
12.2
13.5
14.0
20.4
22.3
23.3
23.5
18.1
21.6
25.1
31.5
32.5
32.6
38.1
39.1
38.5
37.8
18.4
15.1
17.8
19.8
19.6
28.8
28,3
29.6
29.0
24.1
27.7
31.8
38.4
38.8
38.1
43.0
43.6
42.8
42.1
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989 -
1990
1991
1992
1993
1.4
2.0
1.7
1.4
4.9
7.1
5.9
7.4
9.0
9.9
15.5
9.8
11.7
14.5
17.1
22.9
23.6
29.0
18.0
25.0
20.1
20.0
25.8
31.0
30.6
30.3
31.5
33.3
32.0
31.3
35.2
35.9
35.5
37.0
34.8
32.0
32.4
35.2
53.0
51.6
45.7
45.9
42.1
37.1
42.7
39.9
35.5
32.7
28.1
31.0
24.9
24.1
2.1
24.6
31.1
33.2
36.1
35.1
42.2
42.0
44.8
53.1
56.8
67.4
67.4
73.2
74.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
1.7
1.1
.7
.6
2.6
12.3
40.5
66.9
87.7
93.5
96.0
98.2
98.9
98.9
.2
18.7
33.6
44.4
47.6
40.8
43.2
33.1
27.8
21.8
33.3
43.3
45.9
55.2
55.0
65.8
71.1
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.1
97.9
94.9
93.3
90.0
94.7
95.1
86.7
58.7
32.9
12.1
6.3
3.9
1.6
1.0
1.1
.8
1.8
3.5
5.6
9.3
4.7
2.3
1.1
.7
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
13.7
11.1
13.5
13.3
18.5
30.3
27.6
33.9
45.5
46.0
50.5
56.8
61.8
57.2
56.7
53.4
64.4
56.5
48.7
86.3
88.9
86.5
86.7
81.5
69.7
72.4
66.1
54.5
54.0
49.5
43.2
38.2
42.8
43.3
46.6
35.6
43.5
51.3
88.7
90.9
88.5
89.1
84.7
69.4
72.0
76.3
78.5
78.0
80.1
70.3
72.3
81.1
81.9
80.3
79.7
83.8
83.1
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
5.3
4.6
5.5
7.4
9.2
25.0
31.0
37.0
37.0
42.1
47.8
52.6
57.7
60.0
60.2
63.6
59.6
56.5
58.6
3.3
4.8
4.7
6.6
4.3
4.9
4.0
4.6
8.1
8.2
9.3
9.3
9.6
10.5
10.5
10.1
12.3
13.4
12.5
23.2
20.9
19.8
23.0
25.1
35.4
34.1
32.8
31.5
28.5
27.0
29.8
29.1
27.6
24.6
22.2
23.8
21.8
21.0
5.2
6.7
17.8
33.0
47.8
52.1
52.8
54.5
53.5
55.4
62.2
65.5
71.3
71.6
73.3
74.4
4.1
2.5
3.4
3.9
3.7
6.0
7.5
13.8
22.1
30.6
43.0
58.2
71.3
84.9
91.2
97.8
99.3
99.5
99.6
.6
2.2
7.9
14.7
18.6
23.9
25.7
31.4
34.3
33.9
27.2
28.7
18.0
14.6
4.1
2.5
3.4
3.9
3.7
5.2
5.1
5.8
7.3
11.4
16.0
32.5
39.
50.
57.
70.
70.
81.
85.0
95.7
97.3
96.2
95.2
94.2
89.7
86.7
80.6
75.2
67.6
56.1
41.4
28.4
15.0
8.7
2.1
.6
.4
.4
.2
.2
.4
.9
2.0
4.3
5.9
5.6
2.7
1.8
.9
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
47.3 52.1
46.0 54.C
44.2 55.J
37.6 62.4
38.1 61.
50.4 49.
47.4 52.
52.1 47.
51.4 48.
54.7 45.
54.4 45. <
58.7 41.2
63.0 37.1
62.6 37.'
57.8 42.2
56.9 43.
62.5 37.!
58.0 42.(
55.1 44.'
' 82.9
1 86.2
1 83.5
> 82.2
81.4
70.9
71.7
71.6
72.7
76.4
I 74.2
1 68.8
) 64.6
k 67.1
I 68.1
1 64.0
! 63.9
) 66.8
9 66.5
11.3
9.1
11.5
10.9
15.3
30.6
28.0
23.7
21.5
22.0
19.9
29.7
27.7
18.9
18.1
19.7
20.3
16.2
16.9
17.1
13.8
16.5
17.8
'18.6
29.1
28.3
28.4
27.3
23.6
25.3
31.2
35.4
32.9
31.9
36.0
36.1
33.2
33.5
-------
-7-
Passenger Car MPG and Inertia Weight
MPQ
30
Inertia Weight
25-
20-
15-
10
4500
-4000
-3500
-3000
2500
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Modal Yoar
Flgur* 3
Light Duty Truck MPG and Weight
MPQ
30
ln»rtt* Weight
25-
20-
15-
10
WilgM
MPQ
4500
-4000
3500
3000
2500
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Yaar
Flgur* 4
-------
-8-
MPG and Performance
Passenger Cars
MPQ
35
0 to 60 TJmm (Sec)
30-
25-
20
15
MPG @ 1984 accel
15
L14
-13
-12
11
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Modal Year
FIgur* 5
MPQ
35
30-
25-
20-
15
MPG and Performance
Passenger Cars
Top Sp99d (MPH)
Top Spaed
125
-120
-115
-110
105
74 78 78 80 82 . 84 86 88 90 92 94
Modal Yoar
Rgur* 8
-------
-9-
Top Speed and 0 to 60 vs MPG
1993 Passenger Cars
Top Spaed (MPH)
0 to 60 (Sac)
210-
180-
150-
120-
90-
-I- Top Speed -*-Oto60
;j 1.----18
-12
-8
-4
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
MPQ
Figure 7
Weight and Volume vs MPG
1993 Passenger Cars
Weight (Lb«.)
Total Volume. (Cu. Ft.)
/,uuv>-
6nnn -
,UUU
5nf\/%
,000
A /1AA_
^,UUO
•a nnA_
O,OOO~
2,000-
>.
xvi/ v% \
. *^ Ij.** • " " ' ****»- »^- 4
• •• N"fr
' *^*d-
A. S_U.
••• "H^'i,.v--'
• Volume -i~ Weight
*** ***** *
* *
^HHt
- mn
1UU
_en
3w
•
-O
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
MPG
Figure 8
-------
-10-
Horsepower, CID and Horsepower per CID
1975 to 1993 Passenger Cars
HP, CIO
HP/CID
300-
250-
200-
100 -:
50-:
1.0
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
0.4
74 78 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Flgur* 9
Vehicle performance depends strongly on power-to-weight ratio.
It, as indicated earlier, weight is trending upward, then the
reason for the increase in performance must lie with increased
horsepower; Table 1 indicates this upward trend in engine power^
Engine power can be increased by increasing displacement and
by increasing specific power (HP/CID). Figure 9 shows trends in
HP, CID, and HP/CID since 1975. For the past 10 years or so, the
trend in HP has been up. CID has not shown a major upward trend
being close to 170 CID for several years now. In contrast, the
trend in HP/CID has been dramatic. Specific power has increased by
74 percent since 1976, and by 45 percent since the HP minimum in
1981-82.
Since the early 1980s, therefore, the substantial trends in
performance-related metrics are due to increased horsepower which
has been achieved primarily via increased specific power.
-------
-11-
IV.
Taehnolocrv Tranda
There are technology changes that can explain the trends seen
previously in specific power. One way to increase specific power
is the use of more than two valves per cylinder. Three or four
valves per cylinder can increase an engine's volumetric efficiency
leading to more horsepower. The benefits of this technology can be
used in more than one way. If the displacement of the engine is
kept constant, multi-valve engines can produce more horsepower
yielding increased vehicle performance. On the other hand,
increased specific power allows use of a smaller displacement
engine with benefits in fuel economy, while keeping vehicle
performance constant. Because the benefits of a technological
change can be used for either better performance or better fuel
economy, it is not surprising that projections of future fuel
economy capabilities vary due to different assumptions about how
presumed future technological improvements will be used.
In order to track the trends in multi-valve engine use, the
database was augmented with information about the number of valves
per cylinder. The information was based on published sources
[32,33,34] to the extent possible, augmented by other sources.[35]
Data were available back to 1986 that were useful for studying
trends. Only the passenger car database was augmented with the
valves per cylinder data.
Multi-valve engines do have higher specific power. Figure 10
shows that 4-valve engines have the highest HP/CID, more than 1.0
HP/CID; 3-valve engines, intermediate values (approaching 1.0
HP/CID); and 2-valve engines, the lowest (approaching 0.8 HP/CID).
Notice also that there is an upward trend in HP/CID in all three
groups. Since 1986, for example, the specific power of 2-valve
engines has increased 11 percent. More information on the trends
"in valves per cylinder can be found in Appendix D.
Greater market: penetration of multi-valve engines with higher
specific power could be responsible for the fleetwide increase in
specific power. This is shown in Figure 11, which indicates that
multi-valve engines now exceed 35 percent of the car market and
most of them are 4-valve engines.
Separate* from any other knowledge about manufacturers' product
plans, do th» data indicate that 4-valve engines are going to rise
to a dominant »arket share? This technology replacement question
is obviously of great: interest. Figure 12 compares 4-valve market
penetration to two other technologies which have effectively
replaced prior technologies: port fuel, injection replacing
carburetion, and front-wheel drive (FWD) replacing rear-wheel
drive. Figure 13 compares 4-valve market penetration to that of
technologies which "came and went,1* i.e. were unsuccessful in
replacing other technologies: throttle-body fuel injection (TBI)
-------
-12-
HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylinder
1986 to 1993 Passenger Cars
HP/CIO
1.2
1.0-
0.8-
0.6
4-Valvo
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
Model Year
Figure 1O
Number of Valves Per Cylinder
Model Year 1986 to 1993 Passenger Cars
Market Fraction
100%
100%
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93
Figure 11
-------
-13-
losing out to port fuel injection, and 3-valve engines losing out
to 2-valve and 4-valve engines.
An answer to the replacement question is not apparent from
looking at Table 1 and Figures 12 and 13. it is likely that one or
two more years of data are necessary since although Figure 13 looks
subjectively like a better fit, the 4-valve curve could increase to
market dominance like PFI and FWD or it could die out like TBI, 3-
valve engines, and Diesels, or it could stabilize at some
intermediate value near 50 percent.
An important observation from Figure 12 is that technology
replacement in the automotive industry takes time. For PFI and FWD
the times to exceed 80 percent of the market were 12 and 13 years,
respectively. This kind of a time constant needs to be kept in
mind when studying possible future scenarios for emissions and fuel
economy, especially if changes in either are predicated on new or
replacement technology.
Appendix D provides additional figures and tables that
describe technology trends.
V.
fuel Beenesflr Improvement Potential
In references 20 and 24, MPG capability contained in the then
current fleet was examined using a method called the best-in-class
(BIG).analysis. In a BIC analysis, one divides the baseline fleet
of vehicles into classes and then examines the MPG characteristics
of each class. If one selects the MPG performance of the best cars
in the class (hence the name), one can recompute a fleet average
using the best cars' MPG and the same relative sales proportions of
the fleet that existed in the baseline. The BIC analysis was one
of the methods used to investigate future fleet MPG capability when
the original fuel economy standards were set.
The classes may bs generated in any way, but the most common
classes are those that are based on the car classes used for the
EPA/DOB Gas Mileage Guide and the inertia weight classes used for
EPA's emission certification program. We have chosen to use
inertia weight classes, since if the sales proportions in each
inertia weight class (IWC) are held constant, the average weight of
the fleet: does not change.
One potential problem with a BIC analysis is that the high MPG
cars used may bs unusual in some way—so unusual that the
hypothetical fleet mads up of them, although a high MPG fleet, may
be deficient in some other attributes considered desirable by car
buyers. We chose to look at both the best and the worst cars in
each class to ses how ths best and the worst-in-class (WIC) cars
differed from ths average car in each class.
-------
-14-
Passenger Car Technology Penetration
Years After First Significant Use
Market Fraction
100
80-
60-
40-
20-
4-VALVE?
PORT Fl
FWO
\
4-VALVE
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Year*
Rgur* 12
Passenger Car Technology Penetration
Years After First Significant Use
Market Fraction
100
02 4 68 10 12 14 16 18 20
Flgur* 13
-------
-15-
Table 2 shows the results of the BIG analysis for 1993. if
the fleet were comprised of cars with the MPG of the best dozen
cars in each class, the fleet would be 30.4 MPG, more than 8
percent better than the 28 MPG average of the current fleet. The
cars that comprise the best dozen in each class are listed in
Appendix E. The list of vehicles considered best (or worst) in
class includes as one entry vehicles with different nameplates, but
identical power-trains and fuel economy such as the Ford Taurus and
Mercury Sable. The list of vehicles also excludes vehicles sold by
small volume importers. The BIG cars represent 21 percent of the
market while the WIG cars represent only 8 percent. The BIG cars
are actually fairly close to the average in interior volume,
performance, and size mix. The biggest departure from the average
for the BIG cars is a larger share of manual transmissions. BIG
cars are therefore much more representative of the average cars
than are the WIG cars.
Table 2
Results of "Best-In-Class" Analysis 1993 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
Inertia weight
Interior volume
Percent of sales
CID
Horsepower
Top speed
0 to 60 acceleration
worst 12
In Class
23.7
3234
89
8%
209
189
138
9.7
Actual
Fleet
28.0
3234
108
100%
169
141
121
11 . 5
Best 12
In class
30.4
3234
109
21%
156
130
117
12.0
Percent of Vehicles Equipped With*
Front-Wheel drive
Manual transmission
Lockup transnission
62%
45%
24%
82%
19%
75%
87%
47%
51%
Percent of Vehicles That are:
Small
Midsize
Large
Domestic
European
Asian
99%
0%
1%
56%
21%
23%
58%
26%
16%
58%
4%
33%
54%
33%
14%
54%
1%
45%
-------
-16-
Of course, the BIG analysis is sensitive to the selection of
the best cars, if the BIG analysis is based on the best five or
best one car in each class instead of the best dozen, the fleet MPG
projected changes from 30.4 MPG (best 12), to 31.8 MPG (best 5), to
33.6 MPG (best 1). Further information from the BIG analysis is
included in Appendix E. The results in this appendix use the same
methods described in reference 24. Appendix F contains detailed
data by weight class. Appendix G contains data stratified by car
and truck class, and Appendix H contains data arranged using
cylinder count.
The best-in-class analysis is only one of several methods that
can be used to make inferences about the potential for obtaining
other fuel economy levels. The major use of such methods is to
investigate the potential for higher than current fuel economy
levels. There is no interest in projections of lower than current
fuel economy levels. In addition to the best-in-class approach,
regression analysis, learning curve approaches, the menu method,
the Delphi method, and engine map-based methods are the primary
methods used.
Using regression analysis in determining the relationship
between fuel economy and variables that can explain it is
frequently used. Armed with an equation that describes MPG, one
can alter one or more of the variables considered to be independent
and examine what the MPG effect would be. Such approaches have
been used, for example, to infer the effect reduced weight and
reduced engine displacement would have on fuel economy. In most
regression studies, the variables and the functional forms for them
are very often not based on any physical or engineering hypothesis,
so the mechanistic cause-and-effect relationships are not sought
and, consequently, not found.
Like best-in-class analyses, the regression approach cannot
infer what would be the effect of a technical change that was not
present in the database, or inaccurately represented in the
analysis with respect to its causal strength. For example, if the
original database did not contain the results for shutting off the
engine at idle or multi-valve engine use, then both the best-in-
class and the regression methods would fail to predict the MPG
benefit of using these technologies. Another limitation to both
the best-in-class and regression analysis methods is that neither
method predicts when the predicted MPG improvement can be attained.
Learning curve studies have been used a great deal- in cost
studies, but not very much in MPG projections. The basic theory
used is that the more a given process is done, the more efficiently
it can be performed. In cost studies, "more" is translated into
cumulative production and the "more efficiently" is translated into
piece cost for a mass-produced item. Many manufacturing systems
show behavior that can be modeled well enough to make projections
-------
-17-
concerning the cost reduction due to each doubling of cumulative
production volume, when the "more-ef f iciently" variable is changed
to fuel consumption (1/MPG), the fuel consumption versus cumulative
production approach yields results that can be interpreted to imply
that since 1975, fuel economy has improved by at least 8 percent
for each cumulative doubling in production. Extrapolating that
trend into the future implies that shortly after the year 2000 the
new car fleet could be projected to exceed 30 MPG. Learning curve
analysis, like best-in-class and regression analysis, cannot
explain from an engineering perspective how the forecasted MPG
improvement will occur. In addition, like any time series study,
the results can be confounded by time trends in other factors
affecting MPG.
One of the difficulties with the learning curve approach is
that the improvements in fuel economy seen over time may be due to
reasons other than simply the industry getting better at doing the
same thing. An example could be the introduction of new and
different technology. The improvement seen over time could be due
to increased penetration into the market of new, more fuel
efficient technologies and the learning curve approach might be
inappropriate.
In order to focus on this issue we identified a subset of
vehicles that were nominally the same and tracked their change in
MPG over time. Thus, a "single vehicle type** is identified and any
improvements in MPG would be consistent with a learning curve
explanation.
The analysis compares all cars against just the subset of cars
at the same weight, front-wheel drive, horsepower range,
transmission type, fuel metering and number of valves per cylinder.
The figure of merit used was the ratio of the MPG in 1993 to the
'MPG in 1981. The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
MPG Improvements Over Time For Different V«hiole Types
Vefeiols Type
All cars- .
3,000-lb cars, all drives, horsepowers,
fuel metering and valves/cylinder
3,000-lb cars, FWD, 100 to 135 HP,
auto trans., fuel injection 2 valves/cyl.
If 93 MPO/1981 MPO
1.12
1.18
1.41
-------
-18-
As the vehicle group becomes more and more defined, the
improvement over time does not go away, it, in fact, increases.
This means that the learning curve method cannot be dismissed as an
approach to investigating future MPG improvements. Further studies
are probably necessary before numerical values of learning curve
MPG improvement factors can be determined, however.
The menu method derives its name from the list of fuel economy
improving technologies or approaches available. In order to use
the method, the technological characteristics of the baseline fleet
are used as the starting point. To make a future projection of
higher MPG, the fleet penetrations of technologies that result in
fuel economy improvements are increased, and new technologies'can
be added. The addition of new technologies is an important
characteristic of this approach. If a fuel economy improving
technology (e.g., a lean burn engine or a 6-speed automatic
transmission with lockup) can have a numerical fuel economy
improvement assigned to it, then on paper it can be introduced into
the fleet and its percent market penetration increased with
resulting fleet fuel economy improvements. Points of (sometimes
controversial) discussion with the menu method are: which
technologies should be on the menu, what the fuel economy impact of
each technology is, how to model the results of combining more than
one technology, and how fast the technologies on the list can
penetrate into the new car fleet. Much of the analysis work for
recent studies of automobile fuel economy [28,29,30] have been of
this type, and all have been directly or indirectly influenced by
work supported by the Department of Energy.
The Delphi method is another methodology that can be used to
study future fuel economy levels. In this approach a panel of
experts is formed, each of which possesses in-depth knowledge of
the subject area. The panelists independently answer guestions
'that deal with fuel economy potential. After the results are
tabulated, the answers are sent back to each of the panel members
so that the panelists can see how their answer compared to the
consensus of, or the distribution of, the other answers. The
panelists are then given a chance to change their answers, and the
second-round results obtained are generally considered to be
representative of "informed opinion" on the subject. This type of
methodology requires the least amount of experimental data and
tends to b* the most subjective.
The engine nap method utilizes hard data about the measured
fuel consumption of an engine as a function of engine speed and
engine load (an engine map) and vehicle characteristics such as
weight, drag coefficient, frontal area, the rolling resistance of
its tires, and the characteristics of its transmission, and
predicts th« fu*l consumed over a given vehicle duty cycle. If the
duty cycle is the same one that is used to generate MPG values for
the government's regulatory and public information programs dealing
-------
-19-
with MPG, then forecasts can be made of likely MPG improvements due
to change* in engine efficiency or vehicle characteristics. Most
of the public development of this method was done by the U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT). [31] This method uses, as input
data, fuel consumption maps and so is limited by the availability
of engine maps. DOT did generate several engine maps for analysis
purposes, but the engine mapping work stopped more than 10 years
ago. Recently, some work in modeling has been reported [36,37]
that utilizes simplified, generalized engine maps. This approach
also shows promise.
All of tli« methods for making estimates of future MPG
potential have pros and cons. A robust approach could utilize some
or all of the usual analysis methods, gaining improved
understanding from both the similarities and differences in the
resultant projections.
VI. Trend* bv Market Segment
Table 4 shows the characteristics of Domestic, European, and
Asian passenger cars. The MPG performance of the car groups shown
in Figure 2 indicates that the European cars trail the Domestics by
about 2 MPG and the Asians by about 5.5 MPG and this pattern has
held since 1990. The Europeans (up more than 300 Ibs in the last
5 years) and the Asians (up more than 200 Ibs) are gaining weight
faster than the Domestics (up 100 Ibs) in the same time period.
European cars have the highest weight, horsepower,
performance, and specific power. Asians cars lead in fuel economy,
ton-MPG, and cu-ft MPG. Domestic cars lead in interior volume,
CID, and cu-ft ton MPG.
The data in Table 5 for Domestic and Import light trucks show
that sine* 1981, Domestic trucks have increased from 18.2 MPG to
20.3 MPG (+12 percent) even though MPG has been fairly constant for
the past few years* In contrast, over the saim* time period, Import
trucks have decreased from 27.3 to 23.0 MPG (-16 percent). These
trends show another example of the effect of the current- MPG
standards—different manufacturer groups* MPG performance
approaching the standard over time. The trend with trucks is more
pronounced than was the trend with passenger cars noted earlier in
this reporttr-
Figur* 14 and Table 5 show that Domestic trucks and Asian cars
have experienced the largest growth in market share sine* 1975,
their growth coaing at the expense of Domestic cars.
The sales trends shown in Figure 14 and Tables 4 and 5 for the
five vehicle groups can be combined with the fuel economy values of
the groups to yield a relative total fuel consumption value,
-------
-20-
Sales Fraction by Vehicle Type
Cars and Light Trucks
Saioa Fraction
100%
75%-
50%-
25%
k^^^g^s^s^s^s^^CH^S-B
^ EUROPEAN CARS
0%l I M I |^^»»a^apapa^ap»«^— IMPORT TRUCKS
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
Modal Yaar
Rgura 14
assuming all vehicles travel the same distance. Data comparing
1975 and 1993 are shown in Table 6, normalizing total fuel
consumption to 100 for each year.
Since 1975, Asian cars have quadrupled their relative share of
the total fuel consumed by the light fleet, Import trucks have
'tripled their share, and Domestic trucks have increased their share
from one-fifth to one-third of the total. Changes in relative
share reflect changes in sales and fuel economy.
If actual fuel consumption, not normalized fuel consumption,
is the measure only the Domestic and European car classes have
reduced fuel consumption since 1975. If all classes had reduced
actual fuel consumption as much as the Domestic car class has,
today's fleet; would use less than one-half of the fuel used by the
1975 fleet.- Changes in actual fuel consumption also reflect
changes in sales and fuel economy.
Table 7 presents another way to compare cars and light trucks
in this case by size class. In the 15 size classes shown in Table
7, Domestic vehicles lead in six, European vehicles lead in one,
and Asian vehicles lead in eight. The best cars are sometimes
dramatically different from the worst cars in MPG, comparing the
results from Tables 7 and 8.
-------
-21-
TASLE 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
SALES
HOCEL
YEAR
FHAC
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
UGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
L8 CU-FT £12 HP JJMg SPEED CID.
HP/
TON
CU-FT OJ-FT-
-HPC TOH-MPg
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1931
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
EurooM
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990 '
1991
1992
1993
AtiM
1975
1976
1977
1971
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
6718
8253
9293
8958
8682
6728
6261
5506
5683
8102
7797
7517
6608
6574
6204
5033
4813
4470
5271
Q
673
527
623
707
599
791
525
494
440*
640
665
732
743
675
550
437
383
332
390
846
942
1383
1510
1513
1924
1948
1819
1879
1933
232S
2765
3380
3487
3264
3365
3343
3010
3437
.816
.849
.822
.802
.804
.712
.717
.704
.710
.759
.723
.682
.616
.612
.619
.570
.564
.572
.579
.082
.054
.055
.063
.056
.084
.060
.063
.055
.060
.062
.066
.069
.063
.055
.049
.045
.043
.043
.103
.097
.122
.135
.140
.204
.223
.233
.235
.181
.216
.251
.315
.325
.326
.381
.391
.385
.378
12.8
14.4
14.9
16.1
16.8
18.9
20.2
20.8
20.5
21.3
21.8
22.4
22.4
22.7
22.4
21.9
22.0
21.8
22.2
19.6
20.1
21.3
21.9
21.7
24.3
25.5
25.1
23.7
23.2
22.8
22.6
22.5
21.9
21.1
21.0
21.1
20.7
21.0
20.1
23.0
25.
25.
23.
25.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
27.
28.
27.
26.3
26.7
26.0
26.2
18.1
20.1
20.7
23.0
23.3
27.1
29.4
31.3
30.9
32.1
33.2
34.5
34.8
35.7
35.6
35.4
35.5
35.5
36.0
29.1
29.3
31.4
32.0
31.4
35.1
36.0
34.3
33.0
32.8
32.3
32.2
31.8
31.9
31.1
31.2
31.8
31.6
32.2
29.3
33.3
35.8
34.3
32.4
34.7
36.5
37.2
39.4
39.9
39.2
40.0
39.2
39.6
38.9
37.5
38.0
37.9
38.2
14.7
16.5
17.1
18.6
19.2
21.9
23.5
24.5
24.1
25.1
25.8
26.6
26.7
27.1
26.9
26.5
26.5
26.4
26.8
23.0
23.4
24.9
25.5
25.2
28.2
29.4
28.6
27.2
26.7
26.3
26.1
25.9
25.5
24.7
24.6
24.9
24.5
24.9
23.4
26.7
29.2
28.7
26.7
29.0
30.9
31.2
32.7
32.7
32.2
32.9
32.0
32.7
31.8
30.4
30.8
30.3
30.5
4380
4317
4246 115.8
3853 114.4
3711 114.4
3341 110.5
3291 113.2
3247 112.1
3310 114.6
3233 111.5
3246 112.7
3199 111.6
3200 112.1
3247 112.2
3276 112.6
3363 113.0
3334 112.9
3379 113.4
3375 113.3
2704
2720
2676 89.6
2579 91.1
2680 89.3
2574 89.6
2765 93.1
2895 96.4
3041 98.5
2987 99.9
3070 102.5
3016 103.0
3032 100.8
3084 103.1
3209 104.4
3360 105.1
3393 104.6
3485 104.2
3528 104.7
2575
2550
2485 83.7
2482 85.
2506 84.
2482 88.
2469 88.
2512 90.
2528 93.
2569 93.
2585 94.
2616 96.
2700 97.
2662 98.
2745 98.
2879 98.
2865 98.
2963 100.1
2983 99.9
328
318
316
287
270
220
209
200
208
197
199
190
189
189
190
194
194
199
198
114
119
115
112
118
112
121
128
140
139
145
146
143
149
156
155
156
158
160
113
108
104
106
107
107
109
113
112
114
113
110
111
108
112
119
119
122
124
147
142
144
134
129
110
106
105
111
109
117
117
120
126
128
134
139
145
147
83
85
84
83
84
78
84
92
107
110
117
123
128
133
144
148
150
162
171
93
86
84
83
78
77
78
80
82
88
89
90
93
93
103
118
120
127
129
14.2
14.4
13.9
73.6
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.0
13.8
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.4
12.3
12.2
11.8
11.5
11.5
15.3
14.8
14.8
14.5
14.9
15.2
15.2
14.8
13.5
13.0
12.8
12.2
11.9
11.7
11.3
11.5
11.5
11.0
10.6
13.4
13.9
13.9
14.0
14.6
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.2
13.7
13.9
13.8
13.9
13.6
12.9
12.0
11.8
11.7
11.6
112.6
111.4
112.3
112.6
112.0
108.3
107.5
107.4
108.7
109.0
111.7
112.3
113.6
115.3
116.0
117.2
119.2
120.9
121.6
102.6
103.9
103.7
104.1
103.9
102.4
103.1
105.1
110.1
111.7
113.7
116.2
117.8
119.2
122.1
121.8
122.1
125.4
128.2
108.6
106.0
105.6
105.5
103.0
102.1
103.3
103.6
104.6
106.8
106.8
106.8
107.2
107.7
110,9
115.6
116,8
118,2
118..7
.456
.455
.460
.480
.500
.530
.549
.567
.569
.593
.625
.646
.666
.693
.703
.713
.730
.748
.754
.729
.728
.734
.743
.720
.699
.694
.718
.773
.798
.823
.857
.890
.899
.934
.962
.969
1.029
1.072
.814
.795
.791
.784
.734
.720
.711
.707
.751
.761
.7i2
.810
.827
.851
.90S
.981
1.011
1.032
1.031
.0332
.0324
.0337
.0346
.0345
.0328
.0323
.0323
.0331
.0336
.0357
.0364
.0374
.0386
.0391
.0398
.0414
.0426
.0431
.0299
.0311
.0311
.0318
.0312
.0301
.0302
.0315
.0352
.0367
.0380
.0401
.0414
.0422
.0441
.0431
.0434
.0457
.0477
.0355
.0114
.0331
.0332
.0310
.0309
.0314
.0315
.0322
.0340
.0339
.0338
.0338
.0344
.0368
.0402
.0412
.0420
.0423
32.6
35.8
36.4
36.0
35.8
36.6
38.7
40.0
40.2
40.8
41.9
42.6
42.7
44.1
44.0
44.5
44.3
44.7
45.3
31.4
32.2
34.0
33.9
34.7
37.5
42.1
42.7
42.0
40.8
41.1
39.8
39.5
39.6
39.9
41.7
42.6
42.9
43.9
30.8
34.3
37.0
36.2
33.9
36.4
38.6
39.7
41.9
42.5
42.2
43.5
43.6
43.8
43.9
44.0
44.4
45.1
45.7
2005
2170
2230
2446
2706
2800
2828
2857
2950
2998
3017
3069
3047
3010
3024
3018
3062
2368
2505
2415
2690
2928
2923
2785
2772
2818
2793
2699
2707
2653
2658
2686
2625
2643
2543
2531
2356
2647
2815
2924
3159
3174
3175
3287
3194
3291
. 3216
3056
3099
3109
3121
4220
4129
4100
4067
4408
4504
4611
4553
4734
4767
4801
4963
4972
5044
5021
5086
5151
3093
3120
3145
3397
3939
4U3
4181
4086
4231
4128
4017
4102
4185
4394
4467
4488
4611
3105
3097
2895
3232
3426
3611
3924
4004
4013
4211
4236
4299
4341
4J41
4J77
4522
456?
-------
-22-
TABLE 4 (Continued) CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS (PERCENTAGE BASIS)
MODEL
YEAR
Domestic
OR1VETRAIN
FRONT
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LQCr
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CA»B
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988'
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1.3
1.4
1.4
3.3
5.4
22.3
32.4
42.9
42.4
51.3
60.0
68.2
74.3
78.8
80.7
84.2
.82.5
82.4
80.9
.6
.3
.4
.6
.3
.1
.1
.3
.1
8.2
8.1
4.4
6.9
9.1
15.7
15.3
15.4
12.3
13.6
11.0
11.7
10.8
10.0
8.5
6.2
7.1
8.4
7.9
8.4
10.0
23.2
45.3
70.5
72.8
69.1
69.6
70.6
70.6
80.3
81.8
85.5
87.9
85.7
86.9
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
1.2
3.7
13.9
27.3
38.3
57.5
70.7
84.8
95.5
98.4
99.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
3.7
13.9
26.6
32.0
44.2
41.0
45.2
36.1
34.6
27.9
26.7
12.6
10.3
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
.2
.7
6.3
13.3
29.6
39.6
59.4
63.8
71.5
73.3
87.4
89.7
99.4
99.1
99.3
98.5
97.3
95.6
91.3
82.4
71.5
60.7
42.3
29.2
15.1
4.5
1.6
.6
.4
1.6
3.2
5.0
3.7
1.2
.9
.2
.1
.1
45.9
47.7
41.8
31.2
30.4
36.4
32.7
38.8
34.7
45.3
40.7
43.6
43.3
48.1
40.4
36.4
40.8
42.3
41.8
28.1
29.4
29.6
42.7
42.1
47.7
50.3
43.4
44.1
37.2
38.0
38.1
37.1
31.8
38.7
41.2
38.1
33.8
31.2
26.1
22.9
28.6
26.1
27.5
15.8
17.0
17.8
21.3
17.4
21.3
18.3
19.6
20.1
21.0
22.4
21.1
23.8
27.0
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990 "
1991
1992
1993
46.1
46.3
55.0
61.9
54.0
69.3
61.1
54.8
42.0
45.4
45.0
47.1
45.7
50.7
44.4
42.9
42.5
38.4
40.9
.1
.5
.6
1.2
1.4
1.0
.9
1.0
1.1
.5
1.7
68.5
65.5
73.1
74.2
73.2
78.0
68.7
61.2
53.6
51.0
46.4
47.1
49.3
41.1
31.5
29.2
29.6
29.1
26.4
.1
.3
.6
7.1
11.9
11.2
25.4
29.5
32.7
31.1
32.9
37.5
38.8
33.7
52.4
53.9
47.6
48.9
61.4
65.6
77.1
84.2
88.8
91.4
90.3
94.2
98.7
99.2
96.9
98.5
99.2
38.8
33.7
52.4
53.9
47.6
48.9
61.4
65.6
77.1
84.2
88.8
91.4
90.3
2.4 91.8
.1 98.7
99.2
96.9
98.3
99.2
58.3
61.6
38.9
36.7
37. t
25.3
2.2
6.3
3.5
2.2
.3
5.3
6.6
5.7
.5
.2
2.9
4.7
8.6
9.5
15.3
25.8
36.4
28.1
19.4
13.6
10.9
3.3
3.1
.1
.8
.8
2.8
1.5
.8
94.
95.
95.
96.
94.
96.0
95.0
93.8
90.5
81.6
79.5
76.4
78.5
68.4
66.0
62.9
64.7
65.0
65.0
5.2
4.3
4.4
3.1
5.1
4.C
5.C
6.2
9.3
18.4
20.!
22.1
19.1
23.
24.
30.
26.
24.
27.
;
>
\
(
1
1
i .1
k
f
1.5
f 1.9
8.0
9.4
6.2
8.6
10.5
7.4
Asian
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
17.0
21.2
22.0
22.8
32.4
39.2
45.5
51.3
63.2
66.8
71.8
85.3
89.3
93.0
92.4
89.9
89.1
85.8
87.4
2.5
2.4
2.1
2.2
11.3
4.2
9.4
3.6
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.4
1.8
1.3
74.0
69.2
74.4
74.f
77.»
69.7
68.7
64.4
67.1
59.4
59.0
54.4
47.1
47.9
43.0
38.3
38.7
36.2
36.0
3.7
7.4
21.4
32.3
36.6
36.1
48.3
47.3
52.2
S9.S
57.9
59.7
59.6
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
29.1
29.9
43.2
46.1
59.6
73.2
97.4
99.9
100.0
100.0
.5
.4
1.7
8.5
23.9
19.6
14.4
17.2
5.6
4.8
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
28.6
29.5
41.4
37.6
35.7
53.6
82.9
82.7
94.4
95.2
K.t
94.C
93.3
94.1
91. «
90. <
88.2
85. <
79.2
70.1
69.
56.
53.
40.
26.
2.
r
>
i
! .8
i 1.3
[ .5
.8
.2
.1
•
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.1
99.6
95.8
91.0
90.7
91.1
82.6
82.9
.8
1.9
.4
4.2
9.0
9.3
8.9
17.4
17.1
-------
-23-
TABLE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
HOOEL
!IiE
Ooswst
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988-
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Tffoort
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990 '
1991
1992
1993
SALES
1000)
*?
1763
2374
2499
2915
2615
1292
1310
1459
1806
2608
2939
3057
2989
3695
3634
3055
3227
3703
3930
rt
224
238
325
358
472
570
510
454
495
736
730
1293
1145
864
801
750
820
716
797
F**,?
.887
.909
.885
.891
.847
.694
.720
.763
.785
.780
.801
.703
.723
.811
.819
.803
.797
.838
.831
.113
.091
.115
.109
.153
.306
.280
.237
.215
.220
.199
.297
.277
.189
.181
.197
.203
.162
.169
FUEL
?ITY
11.6
12.4
13.4
13.2
12.7
14.9
16.1
16.8
17.2
16.8
17.0
17.4
17.7
17.7
17.5
17.3
17.8
17.1
17.3
18.6
19.3
21.8
22.2
20.3
21.5
24.2
24.1
24.1
23.7
23.5
23.1
22.5
21.9
21.1
20.5
20.3
20.1
20.1
ECONOMY
HWV
15.4
16.3
17.2
16.7
15.7
19.8
21.7
22.7
23.8
23.4
23.7
24.2
25.2
25.5
25.3
25.4
26.2
25.3
25.9
26.9
28.4
30.9
29.9
28.0
29.0
32.3
32.0
32.1
31.2
30.9
31.2
30.6
29.3
28.4
27.9
27.9
27.6
28.0
55^5
13.1
13.9
14.9
14.5
13.8
16.8
18.2
19.0
19.6
19.2
19.5
19.9
20.4
20.5
20.3
20.2
20.8
20.0
20.3
21.6
22.6
25.1
25.1
23.1
24.3
27.3
27.1
27.1
26.6
26.3
26.2
25.6
24.7
23.9
23.3
23.1
22.9
23.0
UGHT
IB
4227
4282
4298
4304
4504
4323
4173
4077
3977
3991
3963
3994
3932
3989
4048
4142
4051
4232
4224
2857
2879
2884
2903
2854
2839
2862
2932
2982
3043
3119
3132
3139
3211
3347
3448
3547
3557
3637
ENGINE
C1D HP
0-60
Tine
TOP
ssssa.
HP/ HP/
£12 ffl
TON
335
339
343
337
330
303
293
277
256
250
245
242
237
247
253
257
247
260
261
149
146
154
152
148
136
132
130
125
125
130
134
143
150
153
158
156
163
171
13.4
13.8
13.2
13.2
14.2
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.5
14.6
14.2
13.8
13.0
12.?
12. ,
12.
12.
12.
11.V
114.8
113.4
116.0
115.4
112.5
110.1
109.8
110.1
108.8
108.7
110.5
111.6
115.2
116.8
117.7
18.3
18.5
!19.4
522.0
.441
.427
.449
.451
.449
.451
.453
.486
.508
.523
1
.553
.580
.629
,629
.630
.633
.648
.644
.670
.0354
.0342
.0360
.0356
.0329
.0315
.0317
.0323
.0314
.0313
.0327
.0335
.0364
.0375
.0380
.0382
.0386
.0387
.0408
28.1
30.3
32.4
31.8
31.8
36.8
38.4
39.3
39.6
38.9
39.2
40.1
40.5
41.2
41.5
42; 1
42.5
42.6
43.1
120
122
128
126
124
124
130
134
137
134
139
138
139
142
149
153
155
155
159
89
91
92
89
84
86
84
87
92
91
100
99
99
105
113
123
125
127
133
14.8
14.6
14.3
14.7
15.0
14.7
15.2
15.2
14.6
14.9
14.4
14.2
14.2
13.9
13.6
13.0
13.2
13.0
12.8
104.]
105.4
106.(
104.4
102.5
103.1
102.
103.
104.
103.
106.
106.
106.
107.
109.
112.
112.
112.
114.
r .752
» .761
> .741
> .719
> .688
1 .701
.650
.648
.672
.680
.719
.717
.718
.743
.756
.807
.811
.822
.837
.0314
.0319
.0323
.0309
.0298
.0307
.0296
.0300
.0310
.0300
.0322
.0317
.0318
.0327
.0338
.0359
.0354
.0358
.0365
31.1
33.2
37.0
37.2
33.7
35.1
39.9
40.6
41.0
40.9
41.4
41.1
40.3
39.7
40.1
40.4
41.2
41.0
42.1
-------
-24-
TABLE 5 (Continu^) CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS (Percentage Basis)
MODEL
YEAR
Domestic
ORIVETRAIN
FROHT 4UD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
Fl TBI PORT
CARB DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
.3
5.7
8.2
7.6
9.4
10.8
11.8
18.8
12.0
13.4
14.2
19.
25.
26.
31.
17.1
27.
19.1
18.,
26.
33. (
30.'
29.
29.
30.
29.
26.
32.
J**»
33.
S 31.
2 30.
7 25.
7 25.
i 25.
1 36.
1 35.
2 31.
1 33.
) 30.
r 26.
25.
26.
25.
24.
19.
24.
18.
^18.
1
1
3
5
6
8
6
2
8
1
5
4
0
9
2
0
0
2
7
2.4
35.4
43.2
43.6
45.8
43.0
49.7
55.5
56.2
61.7
64.2
76.1
74.6
79.9
79.7
9.5
44.6
79.2
96.0
98.5
98.7
99.7
99.8
99.9
.2
19.8
38.6
50.7
52.8
48.6
51.0
37.5
33.3
24.8
40.6
45.3
45.7
50.1
48.7
62.4
66.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.1
97.9
95.9
98.4
93.3
95.9
98.1
89.6
54.8
20.6
3.8
1.3
1.1
.1
.9
2.1
4.1
1.6
6.7
4.1
1.9
.9
.6
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.7
3.8
4.3
3.3
18.1
33.8
39.3
44.0
46.4
53.6
52.0
52.0
50.8
64.5
55.8
45.6
Imported
VEHICLE SIZE
SHALL LARGE
97.3
97.8
97.7
97.3
96.2
95.7
96.7
81.9
66.2
60.7
56.0
53.6
46.4
48.0
48.0
49.2
35.5
44.2
54.4
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989 "
1990
1991
1992
1993
4.6
6.5
7.1
6.2
2.0
2.4
1.8
2.3
1.4
1.2
2.3
.8
3.3
15.9
6
20
20
22
26
24
23
30
31
35
47
42
49
45
44
44
.5
.1
.3
.8
.1
.6
.9
.0
.2
.9
.2
.2
.5
.7
.4
.5
83.5
82.1
83.2
88.6
88.1
89.8
92.8
92.2
90.2
84.6
79.8
83.5
76.3
76.5
71.1
65.3
58.4
59.4
50.9
.9
7.4
12.0
10.2
15.0
16.3
23.2
31.9
39.1
38.5
47.1
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5.4
4.0
2.8
3.0
11.7
23.5
31.0
34.8
52.4
70.9
84.9
92.3
93.9
93.7
16.2
20.5
T7.7
24.3
9.0
12.5
10.7
.5
14.8
14.4
34.7
46.6
75.8
79.8
83.2
93.2
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.2
98.2
92.6
80.1
79.5
90.3
84.6
75.0
68.1
64.9
47.6
29.1
15.1
7.7
6.1
6.3
2.0
15.9
17.7
6.8
3.8
1,6
.9
.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.3
90.2
84.7
88.0
70.0
76.7
81.6
83.1
79.6
77.9
63.7
64.1
60.3
64.1
10.7
9.8
15.3
12.0
30.0
23.3
18.4
16.9
20.4
22.1
36.3
35.9
39.7
35.9
-------
-25-
Table «
Relative Fuel consumption Por rive vehicle Groups
Vehicle Group
Domestic cars
European cars
Asian cars
Domestic trucks
Import trucks
Relative fuel Consumption
1975 1993
69
4
5
20
2
37
3
20
34
6
Figures 15 through 18 show ways in which the three market
segments are similar and ways in which they are different. Figure
15 reinforces the earlier discussion about weight trends, showing
that for the European and Asian groups, the trend has been an
increasing one for more than 10 years.
Figure 16 indicates that increased volumes have accompanied
the European and Asian cars' increased weight, although the
Domestics still have the largest volume.
Figure 17 shows that in HP/CID, the European and Asian trends
are essentially identical having increased and been above l.o
HP/CID for some years now. The Domestics trail in HP/CID but also
show an increasing trend.
As seen in Figure 18 all three groups show very similar trends
in terms of performance especially in the last 3 or 4 years.
-------
-26-
Table 7
Beat 1993 Vehicle bv Size Claaa
Claaa
Small Pickup
Large Pickup
Small Van
Large Van
Small Utility
Large Utility
Two-Seater
Minicompact
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize
Large
Small Wagon
Midsize Wagon
Large Wagon
Make
Nissan
Ford
Eagle
Chevy
Suzuki
Jeep
GEO
Nissan
GEO
Pontiac
Mazda
Eagle
Ford
Volvo
Chevy
TfllM
Truck 2WD
Ranger 2WD
Summit
610/20 Van
Samari
Grand Cherokee
Metro LSI
NX
Metro XFi
Lemans
626
Vision
Tracer
240
Caprice
Tvee
Asian
Domestic
Asian
Domestic
Asian
Domestic
Asian
Asian
Asian
Asian
Asian
Domestic
Domestic
European
Domestic
MPQ
29.1
30.8
29.8
22.2
33.5
20.9
50.8
38.0
65.3
40.6
34.1
26.8
37.8
28.2
22.8
Small
Large
Small
Large
Small
Large
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Van
Utility
Utility
Two-Seater---*
Minicompactx-
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize
Large
Small Wagon
Midsize Wagon
Large Wagon
Sise
Table 8
Characteristic* Tor 1993
Claaa
Avg
MM
25.4
19.9
22.9
17.8
21.0
17.6
29.8
30.8
31.5
29.5
26.0
24.3
30.7
25.6
22.5
LOW
HES
23.0
12.5
19.1
14.5
16.9
12.6
10.0
17.1
13.9
14.6
13.9
13.6
22.7
21.4
22.4
Percent of Class That 1st
D0«.
64.9
85.6
81.8
100.0
78.2
95.5
15.6
30.3
52.7
71.9
98.0
48.3
41.7
100.0
Bur.
8.1
8.4
4.2
5.1
3.4
2.0
1.5
25.7
Allan
76.3
91.6
65.5
42.2
24.7
50.2
32.6
Import ad
35.1
14.4
18.2
0.0
21.8
4.5
84.4
100.0
69.7
47.3
28.1
2.0
51.7
58.3
0.0
-------
-27-
Weight, 1975 to 1993 Cars
4500
4000
Wvlght (Pounds)
— Domestic ••'European •*• Asian
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 86 90 92 94
Model Year
2000
Figure IS
Passenger Car Interior Volume
130
120
110
100
90--
EPA Volume (cu. ft)
80
DOMESTIC
V
I
76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
LARGE
MIDSIZE
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
MINICOMPACT
Figure 1C
-------
-28-
Horsepower per CID, 1975 to 1993 Cars
HP/CIO
— Domestic
"*• European
-*-Aalan
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Modal Yaar
Figure 17
0 to 60 Time, 1975 to 1993 Cars
0 To CO Tim* (8«e)
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Rgur* 18
-------
-29-
VII. Conclusions
1. The 1993 MPG values for passenger cars, light trucks, and
both together is little changed from last year and are all within
1 MPG of the values since 1985.
2. For roughly the last decade, the most significant trend
has been increased vehicle performance.
3. Increased vehicle performance has been achieved by
increased horsepower which has been achieved primarily due- to
increased specific power.
i • . . .
4. Since 1987, vehicle weight has increased by 6 percent for
cars and 11 percent for trucks.
5. Engines with more than two valves per cylinder exceed 35
percent of the market; most of these have four valves per cylinder.
6. Technology replacement in the automobile industry takes
more than a decade to accomplish.
7. There are several methods that can b
-------
-30-
IX. References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Fuel Economy and
Emission Control, November 1972.
2. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends and Influencing
Factors," SAE Paper 730790, Austin and Hellman, September 1973.
3. "Fuel Economy of the 1975 Models," SAE Paper 740970,
Austin and Hellman, October 1974.
4. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy Trends Through 1976," SAE
Paper 750957, Austin and Service, October 1975.
5. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1977, "
SAE Paper 760795, Murrell, Pace, Service, and Yeager, October 1976.
6. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1978,"
SAE Paper 780036, Murrell, February 1978.
7. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1979,"
SAE Paper 790225, Murrell, February 1979.
8. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1980,"
SAE Paper 800853, Murrell, Foster and Bristor, June 1980.
9. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1981,"
SAE Paper 810386, Foster, Murrell and Loos, February 1981.
10. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1982,"
SAE Paper 820300, Cheng, LeBaron, Murrell, and Loos, February 1982.
11. "Why Vehicles Don't Achieve EPA MPG On the Road and How
That Shortfall Can Be Accounted For," SAE Paper 820791, Hellman and
Murrell, June 1982.
12. "Light-Duty Automobile Fuel Economy Trends through 1983," .
SAE Paper 830544, Murrell, Loos, Heavenrich, and Cheng, February
1983.
13. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends Through 1984," SAE
Paper 840499> Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos, February 1984.
14. "Light Truck Fuel Economy - Trends through 1984," SAE
Paper 841405, Loos, Cheng, Murrell and Heavenrich, October 1984.
15. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy - Trends Through
1985," SAE Paper 850550, Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos,
March 1985.
-------
-31-
16. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1986," SAE Paper
860366, Heavenrich, Cheng, and Murrell, February 1986.
17. "Trends in Alternate Measures of Vehicle Fuel Economy,"
SAE Paper 861426, Hellman and Murrell, September 1986.
18. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1987," SAE Paper
871088, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Cheng, May 1983.
19. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1988," U.S. EPA,
EPA/AA/CTAB/88-07, Heavenrich and Murrell, June 1988.
20. "Light-Duty Automotive and Technology Trends Through
1989," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-04, Heavenrich, Murrell, and
Hellman, May 1989.
21. "Downward Trend in Passenger Car Fuel Economy—A view of
Recent Data," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-01, Murrell and Heavenrich,
January 1990.
22. "Options for Controlling the Global Warming Impact from
Motor Vehicles,91 U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-08, Heavenrich, Murrell,
and Hellman, December 1989.
23. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends
Through 1990," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-03, Heavenrich and Murrell,
June,1990.
24. "Light-Duty Automotive Technoloyg and Fuel Economy Trends
Through 1991," EPA/AA/CTAB/91-02, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Hellman,
May 1991.
25. "Concise Description of Auto Fuel Economy in Recent
Years," SAE Paper 760045, Malliaris, Hsia and Gould, February 1976.
26. "Highway Statistics," U.S.
Administration, Tables VM-1, annual.
DOT, Federal Highway
27. R. L. Polk and Co. data, cited in Transportation Energy
Data Book. Edition 8, Table 2.12, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Report ORN&H5205, November 1985.
28. "Automotive Fuel Economy: How Far Should We Go?"
Committee on Fuel Economy of Automobiles and Light Trucks, Energy
Engineering Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,
National Research Council, National Research £cfiaa, Washington DC,
1992.
-------
E-l
Appendix E "Best in Weight Class Analysis'* 1993 Role Model Cars
Weight Make
Model
Int.
Size Class Volume
Engine TOP
CID HP Tran MPG SPD
1750 GEO METRO XFi
(No Other 1750 pounders)
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
GEO
GEO
GEO
GEO
SUZUKI
SUZUKI
FORD
GEO
GEO
GEO
SUBARU
GEO
HONDA
HONDA
HONDA
HONDA
SUZUKI
SUZUKI
CHRYSLER
SUBARU
SUBARU
TOYOTA
FORD
SUBARU
HONDA
HONDA
CHRYSLER
GEO
HONDA
FORD
HONDA
FORD
ISUZU
NISSAN
NISSAN
HONDA
SPRINT
METRO LSi
METRO
METRO LSi CONV.
SWIFT
SWIFT
FESTIVA
SPRINT
METRO LSi
METRO
JUSTY
METRO LSi CONV.
CIVIC HB VX
CIVIC HB VX
CIVIC
CIVIC
SWIFT
SWIFT
COLT/SUMMIT
JUSTY
JUSTY
TERCEL
FESTIVA
JUSTY AWD
CIVIC
CIVIC DEL SOL
COLT/SUMMIT
LEMANS
CIVIC
ESCORT FS
CIVIC DEL SOL
ESCORT
STYLUS
NX
SENTRA
CIVIC
SUBCOMPACT 89.1 61 49 M5 65.3 96
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
COMPACT
TWO-SEATER
COMPACT
COMPACT
MINICOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
92
92
92
50
92
92
98
92
92
92
88
50
90
90
93
93
92
92
98
88
88
95
98
88
93
50
97
106
93
108
50
106
101
72
96
93
.0
.0
.2
.0
.0
.0
.4
.0
.0
.2
.6
.0
.5
.5
.5
.5
.0
.0
.8
.6
.6
.0
.4
.4
.9
.a
.7
.5
.9
.4
.0
.8
.4
.1
.6
.9
61
61
61
61
79
79
81
61
61
61
73
61
91
91
91
91
79
79
90
73
73
89
81
73
91
91
90
98
91
116
91
116
97
98
98
97
55
55
55
55
70
70
63
55
55
55
73
55
91
91
70
70
70
70
92
73
73
82
63
73
101
102
92
74
101
88
102
88
90
110
110
123
M5
MS
MS
MS
M5
MS
MS
A3
A3
A3
MS
A3
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
AV
M4
A3
AV
MS
MS
MS
MS
L4
MS
L4
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
56.
56.
55.
50.
48.
47.
44.
44.
44.
44.
41.
40.
59.
54.
51.
49.
46.
46.
42.
40.
40.
39.
37.
37.
43.
42.
40.
40.
40.
39.
39.
38.
38.
38.
37.
37.
1
0
8
8
1
9
7
1
1
0
4
7
4
8
5
6
9
9
8
6
3
4
7
2
3
2
8
6
0
8
3
7
2
0
8
7
97
97
97
97
105
105
101
97
97
97
107
97
112
112
102
102
102
102
113
103
103
108
99
103
114
114
ll'O
101
114
108
114
108
109
118
118
124
-------
E-2
Appendix E (Cent.) "Best in Weight Class Analysis1* 1993 Role Model Cars
Weight Make
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
HONDA
HONDA
FORD
FORD
NISSAN
HONDA
MAZDA
HONDA
NISSAN
NISSAN
TOYOTA
GEO
MAZDA
CHRYSLER
FORD
GM
TOYOTA
CHRYSLER
HONDA
GM
HONDA
NISSAN
FORD
CHRYSLER
MERCEDES
HONDA
FORD
SUBARU
TOYOTA
VOLVO
FORD
FORD
NISSAN
VOLVO
FORD
GM
Model
CIVIC
CIVIC DEL SOL
TRACER/ESCORT
TRACER/ESCORT
SENTRA
CIVIC
PROTEGE
CIVIC DEL SOL
NX
NX
COROLLA
PRIZM
626
SHADOW
PROBE
CAVALIER etc.
CELICA
SUNDANCE etc.
INTEGRA
ACHIEVA/GRAND
ACCORD
INFINITI G20
TOPAZ
TALON
SUBCOMPACT
TWO-SEATER
COMPACT
SMALL WAGON
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
COMPACT
TWO-SEATER
MINICOMPACT
MINICOMPACT
COMPACT
COMPACT
MIDSIZE
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
A COMPACT
COMPACT
COMPACT
COMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
300D 2.5 TURBO
ACCORD WAGON
MUSTANG
LEGACY WAGON
CELICA CONV.
240 WAGON
TAURUS/SABLE
TAURUS/SABLE
STANZA ALTIMA
850
MUSTANG
LIIMINA
COMPACT
SMALL WAGON
SUBCOMPACT
SMALL WAGON
MINICOMPACT
MIDSIZE WAG
MIDSIZE
MIDSIZE WAG
COMPACT
MIDSIZE
SUBCOMPACT
MIDSIZE
int. Engine
TOP
blume CID HP Tran MPG SPD
93.9 91 101 L4
50.0 91 102 L4
103.4 116 38 M5
124.4 116 88 MS
96.6 98 110 MS
93.9 97 123 MS
105.1 112 103 MS
50.0 97 125 MS
72.1 98 110 MS
72.1 98 110 L4
102.1 97 102 MS
101.0 108 115 MS
111.0 122 118 MS
101.8 135 93 MS
98.4 121 118 MS
94.8 134 110 MS
86.8 97 102 MS
101.8 152 100 MS
95.3 112 140 MS
103.6 139 120 MS
105.7 132 125 MS
103.6 122 140 M5
102.7 140 98 MS
89.2 107 92 MS
107.1 152 121 A4
125.9 132 125 MS
90.3 140 105 MS
128.6 135 130 L4
77.7 132 130 MS
132.8 141 114 MS
118.1 182 140 L4
138.1 132 140 L4
106.8 146 ISO L4
11.1.4 149 168 MS
90.3 140 105 L4
113.2 134 110 L3
38.7 111
37.8 111
37.8 105
37.8 105
37.2 115
37.0 120
36.3 112
36.1 121
36.1 115
35.9 115
35.5 111
35.4 117
34.1 115
34.1 105
33.4 115
33.2 112
32.5 109
32.2 108
32.2 124
32.1 116
31.6 118
31.5 124
31.2 107
31.0 105
34.0 111
29.1 113
29.1 106
28.5 115
28.3 115
28.2 109
27.9 118
27.9 118
27.9 122
27.9 128
27.9 106
27.7 107
-------
E-3
Appendix E (Continued) "Best in Weight Class Analysis'* 1993 Role Model cars
Weight Make
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
GM
FORD
CHRYSLER
MERCEDES
MITSUBISHI
MIT/CHR
MAZDA
VOLVO
VOLVO
CHRYSLER
FORD
FORD
FORD
GM
GM
GM
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
BMW
NISSAN
GM
MERCEDES
BMW
BMW
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
MERCEDES
Model
Various
COUGAR
FIFTH AVENUE
300E 2.8
DIAMANTE WAGON
3000 GT/STEALTH
929
960 WAGON
960
VISION
LTD CROWN VIC.
GRAND MARQUIS
TOWN CAR
CAPRICE WAGON
Various
CAPRICE/Roadma.
300SL
300SL
500SL
740iL
Q45 FULL-ACTIVE
CAPRICE
600SL
850Ci/750iL
850C1
300SD
300SE
400SEL
500SEC
500SEL
600SEL/SEC
Int.
Size Class Volume
(No Other 5000 pounders)
5500 MERCEDES 600SEL/SEC
5500 ROLLS-ROYCB Various
5500 ROLLS-ROYCB Various
(No Other 5500 pounders)
6000 ROLLS-ROYCE SILVER SPUR II
(No Other 6000 pounders)
LARGE
MIDSIZE
LARGE
COMPACT
MIDSIZE WAG
SUBCOMPACT
MIDSIZE
MIDSIZE WAG
MIDSIZE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE WAGON
LARGE
LARGE WAGON
TWO-SEATER
TWO-SEATER
TWO-SEATER
MIDSIZE
MIDSIZE
LARGE
TWO-SEATER
SUBCOMPACT
SUBCOMPACT
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
MIDSIZE
LARGE
LARGE
LARGE
COMPACT
MIDSIZE
LARGE
126.6
117.4
121.1
107.1
144.9
93.4
111.0
134.6
110.3
120.3
131.9
132.0
140.3
169.7
134.6.
169.7
50.0
50.0
50.0
118.7
110.0
135.0
50.0
90.8
90.8
123.7
123.7
128.0
106.8
128.0
128.0
Engine
CID HP Tran
231 170 L4
231 140 L4
232 150 L4
171 217 A4
181 175 L4
181 300 M5
180 195 L4
178 201 L4
178 201 L4
215 208 L4
281 190 L4
281 190 L4
281 190 L4
305 170 L4
350 180 L4
350 180 L4
181 228 AS
181 228 M5
303 315 A4
243 280 L5
274 278 L4
350 205 L4
365 389 A4
304 295 L4
304 295 M6
210 148 A4
195 228 AS
256 275 A4
303 315 A4
303 315 A4
365 389 A4
TOP
MPG SPD
128.0 365 389 A4
101.5 412 316 L4
110.3 412 221 L4
25.6
25.6
25.2
24.8
24.6
24.5
24.4
24.4
24.4
24.4
24.4
24.4
24.4
22.8
22.4
22.4
21.3
20.9
20.4
20.3
19.4
19.0
17.0
16.8
16.2
124
114
117
139
125
166
132
134
134
136
130
130
130
119
122
122
137
137
163
153
152
130
186
157
157
24.8 109
19.4 132
18.6 145
17.3 157
17.3 157
15.6 178
15.3 171
14.6 151
13.9 126
139.3 412 221 L4 13.6 123
-------
E-4
Table E-l Results of "Best 12 In Class" Analysis
1993 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
Inertia Weight
Interior Volume
Percent of Sales
CID
Horsepower
Top Speed
0 to 60
AS IS
Scenario
30.4
3234
109
21%
156
130
117
12.0
Remix #1
Scenario
32.8
3011
103
21%
134
118
115
12.2
Remix #2
Scenario
35.1
2819
99
21%
118
109
113
12.3
Percent of Vehicles Equipped With;
Front Wheel Drive
Manual Transmission
Lockup Transmission
87%
47%
51%
94%
63%
35%
97%
73%
24%
Percent of Vehicles That Are:
Small
Midsize
Large
Domestic
European
Asian
54%
33%
14%
54%
1%
45%
71%
23%
6%
40%
1%
60%
83%
14%
3%
28%
0%
71%
-------
E-5
Table E-2 Results of "Best 5 In Class" Analysis
1993 Passenger Cars
As Is Remix #1 Remix #2
Scenario scenario Scenario
55/45 MPG 31.8 34.4 37.1
Inertia Weight 3234 3011 2819
Interior Volume 109 no 102
Percent of Sales 7.6% 7.6% 7.6%
CID 140 123 111
Horsepower 119 110 102
Top Speed 113 111 no
0 to 60 12.7 12.8 12.9
Percent of Vehicles Equipped With:
Front Wheel Drive 82% 89% 94%
Manual Transmission 56% 67% 73%
Lockup Transmission 37% 29% 25%
Percent of Vehicles That Are:
Small 76% 84% 89%
Midsize 13% 11% 8%
Large 11% 5% 2%
Domestic 35% 28% . 23%
European 6% 4% 2%
Asian 59% 67% 75%
-------
. E-6
Table E-3 Results of "Best Vehicle In Class1* Analysis
1993 Passenger Cars
55/45 MPG
Inertia Weight
Interior Volume
Percent of Sales
CID
Horsepower
Top Speed
0 to 60
As Is
Scenario
33.6
3234
104
1.8%
142
122
114
12.5
Remix #1
Scenario
36.1
3011
99
1.8%
124
114
113
12.4
Remix #2
Scenario
38.7
2819
93
1.8%
110
107
112
12.4
Percent of Vehicles Equipped With:
Front Wheel Drive
Manual Transmission
Lockup Transmission
67%
37%
31%
78%
49%
29%
87%
57%
30%
Percent of Vehicles That Are:
Small
Midsize
Large
Domestic
European
Asian
57%
42%
2%
17%
32%
52%
63%
37%
1%
8%
22%
71%
72%
28%
0%
4%
13%
84%
-------
F-l
TABLE F-1 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1995 PASSENGER CARS
1750 IB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
198S
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
37 .003
81 .007
38 .004
55 .005
25 .003
4 .001
4 .000
5 .001
6 .001
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HUT 55/45
51.9 66.1
50.8 63.7
51.3 65.4
47.0 58.7
54.1 67.4
59.1 74.8
59.2 74.7
59.2 74.7
59.2 74.7
S7.4
55.9
56.8
51.6
59.4
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
1750 82.6
1750 84.6
1750 84.4
1750 84.6
1750 90.9
1750 89.1
1750 89.1
1750 89.1
1750 89.1
ENGINE
CID
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
HP
48
46
46
47
49
49
55
49
49
0-60 TOP-
TIME SPEED
16.1 95.8
16.3 94.8
16.2 94.7
16.3 95.0
15.4 96.5
15.4 96.4
14.1 99.9
15.4 96.4
15.4 96.4
HP/
CIO
.787
.759
.756
.766
.806
.80S
.902
.803
.803
HP/
WT
.0274
.0264
.0264
.0267
.0281
.0280
.0314
.0280
.0280
TON
•HPQ
50.4
49.8
50.1
46.0
52.0
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.1
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TOW-MPG
4756
4809
4828
4443
5400
5815
5815
5815
5815
4161
4308
4224
3888
4725
5088
5089
5089
5089
Of 1750 LI. CARS:
DRIVETRA1N
FRONT 4UD
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
90.1
64.7
100.0
59.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL
fl
2.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERIIM
TSI PORT
2.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARS
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.2
VEHICLE
SIZI
DSL SMALL NIO LAR6I
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
DESIGNED
DON
EUR
ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-2
TABLE F-2 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1973 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
105
15*
157
270
234
280
209
157
94
92
62
58
106
186
135
71
142
137
144
FRAC
.013
.016
.014
.024
.022
.030
.024
.020
.012
.009
.006
.005
.010
.017
.013
.008
,017
.018
.016
FUEL
CITY
27.3
28.4
31.3
30.9
28.2
29.0
34.3
35.9
38.7
39.4
39.5
31.7
35.7
39.5
39.8
42.6
42.3
42.7
42.7
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
38.5
39.8
44.0
41.7
38.3
39.6
44.9
47.3
51.6
52.3
52.4
45.0
46.8
49.8
49.1
55.4
54.7
54.6
55.3
31.4
32.6
36.0
34.9
32.0
33.0
38.4
40.3
43.6
44.3
44.4
36.6
40.0
43.6
43.5
47.5
47.1
47.4
47.6
WGHT
LI
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
VOL
CU-FT
73.7
80.3
80.1
85.7
86.7
87.3
86.0
73.5
60.2
72.3
79.9
91.0
92.4
92.7
88.8
89.2
88.4
ENGINE
CIO HP
83
83
84
90
88
90
86
86
84
86
89
76
70
77
76
72
67
65
65
54
56
61
62
62
63
64
61
61
67
69
56
55
59
59
58
58
57
57
0-60
TIME
15.9
15.6
14.4
14.3
14.4
14.3
14.0
14.5
14.4
13.5
13.6
15.4
15.9
15.0
15.2
15.2
15.3
15.5
15.5
TOP
SPEED
96.6
97.4
100.4
100.9
100.9
101.1
101.8
100.4
100.4
103.4
104.7
97.6
97.1
98.9
99.0
98.6
98.4
97.9
98.0
PERCENT OF 2000 LI. CARS:
2000 L8. CMS
»/
CID
.655
.670
.739
.695
.712
.69*
.744
.715
.728
.776
.782
.750
.799
.770
.782
.813
.866
.876
.878
HP/
WT
.0272
.0279
.0307
.0312
.0312
.0314
.0321
.0308
.030*
.0335
.0348
.0281
.0276
.0293
.0294
.0290
.0288
.0284
.0289
TON
-MW
31.5
32.9
36.8
35.3
32.3
33.4
38.8
40.7
44.0
45.0
45.5
38.9
41.7
44.4
44.5
48.0
47.7
48.0
48.2
CU-FT
-MP8 1
2709
2847
2594
2860
3362
3554
3783
3297
2757
2658
3256
4009
4056
4449
4243
4283
4264
CU-FT-
•ON-MPG
2709
2847
2S94
2860
3362
3554
3783
3297
2757
2658
3256
4009
4056
4449
4243
4283
4264
HOOEL
YEAR
DRIVtTRAIN
FROMT 4UD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL WTERINO
Ft TBI PORT
CARS DSL
VEHICLE SIZ8
SMALL NIO LARGR
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
100.0
92.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
82.7
85.1
91.9
98.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.1
100.0
89.7
87.0
100.0
100.0
83.9
90.6
93.0
100.0
96.7
94.7
100.0
80.5
99.0
65.0
89.1
68v4
6t.»
2.5
3.1
S.3
8.1
1.3
11.9
8.1
1.3
11.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.9
98.7
88.1
100.0
6.3 6.3 93.7
14.0 14.0 86.0
57.2 19.3 37.9 42.8
97.4 46.9 50.5 2.6
98.3 69.2 29.1 1.7
99.7 77.7 22.1 .3
100.0 79.6 20.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.3
10.1
6.0
53.9
39.8
43.3
5.4
15.3
9.4
97.7
89.9
94.0
46.1
60.2
56.7
94.6
84.7
90.6
100.0
100.0
61.2 38.8
45.9 54.1
14.5 85.5
1.7 98.3
.5
100.0
99.5
100.0
100.0
-------
F-3
TABLE F-3 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
2250 IB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
375
570
851
886
699
1162
1191
884
985
899
840
745
461
401
280
97
129
124
132
FRAC
.046
.059
.075
.079
.065
.123
.136
.113
.123
.084
.078
.068
.043
.037
.028
.011
.015
.016
.015
FUEL
CITY
24.0
2S.8
27.8
28.1
27.5
28.4
30.2
31.3
31.8
32.6
33.2
34.2
34.8
34.8
34.6
35.6
34.0
34.7
35.1
ECONOMY
HWV 55/45
36.4
36.1
39.5
38.3
37.9
38.9
41.5
42.7
43.7
44.6
44.7
45.3
43.7
45.6
45.4
45.9
44.6
46.2
46.5
28.3
29.6
32.1
31.9
31.4
32.4
34.4
35.6
36.2
37.1
37.5
38.5
39.0
38.9
38.7
39.6
38.1
39.1
39.3
WCHT
LI
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
VOL
CU-FT
85.5
85.6
88.0
89.6
91.3
92.5
96.4
97.2
96.9
93.1
89.7
91.7
93.4
87.6
90.3
93.8
94.6
ENGINE
CIO HP
89
91
90
89
88
92
96
94
94
94
94
93
90
90
89
86
88
88
88
66
66
68
67
65
67
68
66
67
68
70
68
69
73
78
77
81
80
80
0-60
TIME
15.3
15.3
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.0
14.8
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.6
14.8
14.6
13.9
13.3
13.5
12.9
13.1
13.0
TOP
SPEED
100.1
100.3
101.1
100.5
99.8
100.3
100.9
100.1
100.6
101.1
102.0
101.2
101.6
103.5
105.9
105.3
107.4
106.8
106.9
PERCENT OP 2250 L8. CARS:
HP/
CIO
.749
.736
.762
.758
.745
.722
.710
.703
.709
.721
.748
.737
.766
.808
.876
.891
.921
.90S
.909
HP/
WT
.0294
.0296
.0303
.0298
.0291
.0296
.0302
.0294
.0298
.0303
.0312
.0304
.0308
.0325
.0347
.0341
.0360
.0355
.0356
TON
-NP6
32.1
33.6
36.8
36.8
35.9
37.1
39.3
40.5
41.2
42.3
42.7
43.8
44.2
44.2
44.0
45.1
43.7
45.3
45.4
CU-FT
-MPG 1
2799
2814
. 2813
2956
3187
3328
3528
3657
3678
3627
3534
3603
3655
3456
3444
3775
3815
CU-FT-
•ON-MPG
3149
3166
3165
3325
3586
3744
3969
4114
4138
4080
3976
4053
4112
3888
3874-
4247
4292
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 *
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
46.1
37.3
43.0
41.6
44.8
57.9
69.8
79.8
93.2 1.6
91.1
97.1 .3
96.3
96.3
100.0
100.0
95.4 4.6
95.7 4.3
100.0
100.0
TRANSNI!
fvmuftt
90.3
72.2
78.9
80.6
87.0
80.7
82.7
74.9
72.6
71.8
65.3
65.5
70.5
69.9
63.5
70.5
6ft*
69.S
78.9
tSION
LOCK
5.0
6.8
10.2
13.5
21.6
20.1
14.1
18.0
15.0
3.6
22.3
17.5
9.5
FUEL I
FI
22.6
5.7
14.4
' 16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5
5.7
20.1
23.3
10.2
14.0
13.2
37.5
33.1
59.6
99.1
99.8
100.0
NETI
Tl
12
16
8
6
3
28
28
20
18
2
1
ERII
II
.1
.5
.6
.3
.4
.1
.0
.3
.8
.1
.4
H8
PORT
22.6
5.7
14.4
16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5
5.7
8.0
6.8
1.6
7.7
9.9
9.4
5.1
39.4
80.3
97.7
98.6
CARB
77.4
94.3
83.7
79.2
79.0
75.7
84.3
89.6
78.5
74.1
89.7
85.9
86.8
62.5
66.9
40.4
.9
.2
0!
1
4
5
9
9
4
1
2
IL
.9
.1
.5
.3
.2
.7
.4
.6
.1
VEHICLE SI2E
SMALL NIO LAROt
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
65.0 35.0
32.9 36.9 30.2
15.7 33.6 50.7
13.9 26.6 59.5
11.3 27.5 61.2
20.5 26.2
33.3 15.7
27.0 11.2
29.4 7.5
36.9 8.4
53.3
51.0
61.9
63.0
54.7
20.9
10.0
7.1
79.1
90.0
92.9
2.9 97.1
.1 99.9
.1
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
-------
F-4
TAILE F-4 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CMS
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
198t
1982
1983
1984
198S
1966
1987
1988 '
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
406
349
465
782
1078
1172
1531
1442
1240
1529
1699
1622
1975
1802
1335
942
748
550
660
FRAG
.049
.036
.041
.070
.100
.124
.175
.184
.155
.143
.157
.147
.184
.168
.133
.107
.088
.070
.073
FUEL
CITY
20.9
22.4
25.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
25.8
27.1
28.1
28.4
28.5
29.4
29.3
30.1
30.1
30.9
31.4
31.4
31.4
ECONOM
HUT
30.5
33.1
35.8
33.5
33.1
33.3
35.3
38.1
39.1
40.0
40.4
40.9
40.5
40.9
41.5
4?..1
43.1
44.7
4S.3
IT
55/45
24.4
26.2
29.3
27.9
27.9
28.0
29.4
31.2
32.2
32.7
32.8
33.7
33.4
34.1
34.4
35.1
35.8
36.3
36.5
UGMT
L8
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
VOL
CU-FT
90.3
91.6
90.6
92.3
94.8
91.3
94.8
96.3
98.3
100.0
98.9
99.5
98.0
94.0
94.2
94.2
93.6
ENGII
CIO
95
97
98
101
101
104
108
106
106
107
109
106
104
100
98
97
96
98
100
IE
HP
73
73
75
74
72
71
76
72
75
78
82
80
78
78
85
89
91
93
94
0-60
TIME
15.2
15.1
14.9
15.1
15.4
15.6
14.S
15.4
15.0
14.7
14.2
14.3
14.6
14.5
13.6
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.5
TOP
SPEED
100.9
101.1
101.7
101.4
100.3
99.9
102.4
100.5
101.9
103.2
105.2
104.2!
103.1
103.4.
106.3
108.3!
109.2
110.2
110.3
2500 LB. CMS
HP/
CIO
,774
755
764
734
710
,680
,711
,683
70S
726
760
75»
749
785
865
,926
,957
,961
,949
HP/
UT
.0292
.0294
.0299
.0297
.0287
.0283
.0305
.0289
.8300
.0312
.0330
.0321
.0311
.0314
.0339
.0356
.0365
.0373
.0375
TON
-MPG
30.7
33.1
36.9
35.3
35.1
35.3
37.0
39.4
40.7
41.3
41.5
42.4
42.1
42.9
43.2
44.1
45.0
45.7
45.9
CU-FT
-MPG 1
2674
2582
2543
2607
2816
2896
3104
3194
3284
3399
3330
3418
3384
3330
3406
3458
3442
CU-FT-
rON-MPG
3343
3227
3178
3259
3520
3623
3879
3993
4106
4249
4162
4272
4231
4162
4258.
4322
4303
PERCENT OP 2500 LB. CMSs
MODEL
YEAH
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 •
1983
1984
1983
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIM
FROMT 4UD
36.0
18.3
20.7
34.3
43.7
47.9
53.6
69.3
68.9
75.4
77.1
94.3
97.7
99.7
97.8
94.4
94.7
95.5
87.1
3.5
3.9
2.7
.6
13.1
2.4
9.2
.9
.8
.3
2.2
.1
.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
75.3
67.5
69.3
53.2
56.8
52.5
52.4
57.3
57.2
47.3
58.5
49.5
47.7
48.3
52.0
54.7
62.7
M.2
64.9
.9
8.6
20.7
26.4
19.8
22.1
32.*
41 .i
37.6
34.2
36.3
3S.1
32.0
FUEL METERIMC
FI Til PORT
20.4
12.9
12.S
8.0
2.3
3.8
4.1
4.6
3.2 .1
13.5 1.6
19.9 4.2
22.2 5.3
33.
63.
72.
95.
100.
100.
100.
19.5
51.5
47.3
51.0
35.9
16.5
12.2
20.4
12.9
12.5
8.0
2.3
3.8
4.1
4.6
3.2
11.9
15.7
16.9
13.6
11.9
24.7
44.5
64.1
83.5
87.8
CAM
79.6
87.1
86.3
92.0
97.2
93.5
93.4
92.4
96.3
84.4
78.4
76.8
66.8
36.6
28.0
4.5
OSL
1.2
.6
2.8
2.5
3.0
.4
2.2
1.7
1.0
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARW
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.3
99.3
98.6
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.7
.7
1.4
.1
OESI
DON
41.6
46.3
38.0
49.8
50.3
42.3
46.5
46.6
42.7
28.2
17.1
14.7
11.9
11.0
18.5
26.5
GMED
EUR
47.2
27.1
15.8
10.0
5.6
8.2
5.3
5.9
2.4
8.2
10.5
11.7
8.9
5.7
4.6
3.5
1.4
1.9
1.7
ASIAN
52.8
72.9
84.2
48.5
48.0
53.7
44.9
43.8
55.3
45.2
42.8
45.6
62.9
77.2
80.7
84.6
87.6
79.6
71.8
-------
F-5
TABLE F-5 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
2750 IB. CARS
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
WCHT VOL ENCINE 0-60 TOP
LI CU-FT CIO HP TIME SPEED
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985'
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
281
203
349
498
459
973
714
961
863
2050
1878
1899
1896
1519
1204
1081
1462
1219
1335
.034
.021
.031
.045
.043
.103
.082
.123
.108
.192
.174
.172
.177
.141
.120
.122
.171
.156
.147
18.5
21.1
21.3
21.4
20.5
22.1
24.0
24.5
26.2
25.9
26.4
26.4
26.5
27.1
27.3
27.5
27.8
27.7
28.2
27.7
30.4
30.9
30.9
30.3
33.3
34.2
36.5
37.0
37.5
37.9
38.2
38.4
39.3
39.7
39.3
40.7
40.8
41.2
21.7
24.5
24.8
24.8
24.0
26.1
27.7
28.8
30.2
30.1
30.6
30.6
30.8
31.5
31.8
31.8
32.4
32.4
32.8
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
80.3
88.6
82.2
96.0
107.2
104.3
106.3
102.7
102.9
102.0
101.7
102.1
101.7
98.7
100.3
98.4
99.2
127
121
126
129
132
141
136
124
124
127
128
125
124
123
118
111
112
110
111
100
95
96
94
94
93
92
87
88
89
93
95
96
97
96
100
100
106
108
12.8
13.4
13.3
13.4
13.6
13.6
13.8
14.4
14.2
14.1
13.6
13.4
13.3
13.1
13.3
12.9
12.9
12.3
12.2
110.5
108.4
108.7
107.9
107.6
107.4
106.7
104.7
105.2
105.6
107.5
108.3
108.7
109.1
108.5
110.3
110.4
112.9
113.5
PERCENT OF 2750 LI. CARS:
HP/
CIO
.799
.794
.765
.740
.710
.665
.678
.707
.712
.705
.735
.769
.790
.804
.820
.919
.913
.978
.982
HP/
tff
.0365
.0348
.0350
.0344
.0341
.0339
.0333
.0316
.0320
.0324
.0340
.0347
.0350
.0354
.0349
.0364
.0364
.0384
.0391
TON
•MPS
30.4
34.1
34.5
34.5
33.3
36.3
38.3
39.6
41.8
41.7
42.2
42.4
42.6
43.5
43.8
43.8
44.8
44.8
45.4
CU-FT
•MPG 1
2026
2220
2017
2549
2972
3006'
3235
3112
3163
3140
3142
3225
3240
3146
3272
3208
3272
CU-FT-
'ON-MPG
2786
3052
2773
3505
4086
4133
4448
4279
4349
4318
4321
4435
4455
4326
4499
4411
4499
MODEL
YEAR
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI T8I PORT
CARB DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL NIO LARGE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 *
1983
1984.
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
.4
.9
2.0
.9
5.4
47.9
70.0
77.9
89.4
87.7
93.3
92.7
95.7
97.4
97.5
99.1
99.3
99.7
99.9
3.1
4.0
2.2
2.8
2.9
1.9
1.8
1.1
.9
.2
.3
.1
70.7
63.5
67.5
66.7
59.6
53.6
36.0
33.7
31.2
30.5
21.8
34.7
31.5
31.0
29.6
25.7
2».t
28.2
29.*
30.2
33.0
36.3
45.1
47.5
44.0
58.1
59.2
65.5
68.0
68.1
66.4
3.9
3.6
9.4
5.5
6.1
13.8
18.3
12.2
52.9
54.7
74.0
84.7
83.2
78.6
85.6
99.5
99.7
99.9
100.0
5.8
40.6
42.4
59.5
52.6
58.4
59.8
63.8
43.0
36.1
1.4
1.4
3.9
3.6
9.4
5.5
6.1
13.8
18.3
6.4
12.3
12.2
14.5
32.1
24.7
18.9
21.8
56.5
63.5
98.5
98.6
96.1
96.
90.
94.
93!
86.
81.
87.
46.
44.
25.
15.
16.
21.
14.
.<
*
.6
.4
.6
1.0
.4
.3
.2
I .3
'* .2
.3
.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
66.9
43.2
69.7
70.5
85.7
86.0
91.3
92.7
85.9
91.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.1
56.8
30.3
29.5
14.3
14.0
8.7
7.3
14.1
8.8
DESK
DON
9.2
15.3
21.2
27.7
60.1
69.0
69.8
73.8
76.3
80.6
72.9
59.6
61.0
60.7
64.3
40.4
46.3
40.9
38.0
SHED
EUR ,
17.4
27.3
26.8
13.9
16.1
6.8
7.5
6.5
7.2
2.3
3.2
1.6
1.6
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.3
4.3
1.5
ASIAN
73.3
57.4
52.0
58.4
23.7
24.2
22.7
19.8
16.6
17.1
23.9
38.8
37.4
32.9
29.5
53.7
48.4
54.8
60.5
-------
F-6
TABLE f-6 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1973 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
3000 IB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1962
1983
1984
1985'
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
828
884
584
903
1284
2024
1626
1554
1515
1994
2037
2829
2743
314*
3402
285*
2732
2032
2430
FRAC
.100
.091
.052
.081
.119
.215
.186
.199
.189
'87
.189
.257
.256
.293
.340
.323
.320
.260
.267
FUEL
CITY
18.4
20.1
20.2
19.7
19.1
20.3
21.1
21.9
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.4
23.8
24.2
24.1
24.3
23.9
24.2
24.5
ECONOM
KUV
26.8
29.7
28.6
27.3
27.4
29.4
30.0
32.
32.
33.
34.
34.
35.4
36.1
36.2
36.2
35.8
36.4
37.1
T
55/45
21.4
23.5
23.2
22.5
22.1
23.6
24.4
25.7
25.8
26.4
27.1
27.5
27.9
28.4
28.4
28.6
28.1
28.5
28.9
WGHT
LI
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
VOL
CU-FT
87.6
97.3
96.3
100.9
103.8
104.2
105.4
104.9
106.4
106.6
106.3
105.3
105.2
103.9
104.0
102.7
102.5
EN6I
CID
147
147
146
164
162
164
165
163
161
157
153
151
147
145
146
142
146
145
145
NE
HP
98
95
104
102
100
100
101
103
104
107
110
108
111
114
118
121
125
125
124
0-60
TIME
14.4
14.6
13.7
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.4
13.3
13.0
13.2
12.9
12.6
12.3
12.0
11.8
11.7
11.8
TOP
SPEED
107.2
105.8
109.4
108.4
107.8
107.9
108.0
109.0
109.6
110.6
111.7
110.9
112.3
113.4
114.9
116.4
117.7
118.0
117.6
PERCENT Of 3000 LI. CARS:
HP/
CID
.674
.657
.715
.637
.634
.624
.619
.648
.658
.689
.727
.723
.767
.197
.815
.867
.867
.885
.871
HP/
ur
.0329
.0317
.0347
.0339
.0333
.0334
.0335
.0343
.0349
.0357
.0366
.0359
.0371
.0380
.0393
.0405
.0416
.0418
.0415
TON
-HP«
32.6
35.7
35.3
34.2
33.5
35.6
36.8
39.0
39.1
40.0
41.0
41.5
42.3
43.0
42.8
43.0
42.4
42.9
43.6
CU-FT
•HPQ 1
2078
2215
2152
2392
2544
2717
2749
2789
2906
2956
2997
3017
3001
2981
2937
2938
2981
CU-FT-
rON-MPG
3117
3322
3228
3589
3816
4076
4123
4183
4359
4433
4496
4526
4502
4471
4406
4407
4472
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
1981
1982 '
1983
1964
198S
1966
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
OR1VETRAIN
FRONT 4ifi
3.5
2.5
3.6
4.4
2.6
32.0
45.4
53.2
63.0
73.9
77.9
82.2
84.1
90.6
91.3
95.0
93.4
94.4
94.1
.2
.5
1.0
1.9
1.2
1.4
.7
1.5
.6
.9
TRANSMISSION FUEL NETERIIM
MANUAL LOCK FI T8I PORT
48.6
50.4
51.3
35.2
39.7
30.9
21.6
17.0
17.2
16.3
14.4
15.1
15.7
17.2
16.4
26vft
Ifc*
23.§
22.t
17.1
9.8
22.4
18.0
14.1
1.0 7.5
.7 11.9
65.1 45.5
62.7 49.2
5a.2 57.2
53.5 72.2
56.4 84.8
63.
66.
71.
61.
7S.
62.
65.
99.t
100.0
97.4
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.9
26.5
29.6
34.7
49.0
49.5
30.1
24.0
25.0
24.1
13.5
12.5
17.1
9.8
22.4
18.0
14.1
7.5
11.9
18.6
22.7
27.6
37.5
35.7
49.6
69.9
73.4
74.9
75.9
86.5
87.5
CARS
82.9
90.2
77.6
82.0
85.8
92.0
87.8
53.8
50.1
42.1
27.4
15.0
.9
2.6
.1
DSL
.1
.5
.4
.7
.7
.8
.4
.2
VEHICLE SIZt
SMALL MID LAMf
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.0
71.5
62.4
55.3
S2.S
44.2
44.4
39.8
46.3
52.4
73.1
67.0
79.4
74.8
87.6
87.5
38.0
28.5
37.6
44.7
47.5
55.8
55.6
60.2
93.6 .1
47.6
iS.6 1.3
51.9 1.1
50.6
as.2
12.4
12.5
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
69.7
66.5
51.7
71.0
70.5
82.0
78.3
77.0
75.5
79.7
81.5
80.6
71.9
71.5
63.3
51.9
54.7
59.9
60.2
7.1
4.0
8.7
8.2
4.9
4.1
3.9
5.0
7.5
11.1
11.0
9.3
8.9
6.5
5.1
1.8
1.5
1.4
3.2
23.3
29.4
39.6
20.8
24.7
13.8
17.8
18.0
17.0
9.2
7.5
10.1
19.2
22.0
31.7
46.3
43.8
38.8
36.6
-------
F-7
TABLE F-7 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
3500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1029
933
724
2991
2684
2147
1829
1421
1669
2220
2461
2760
2520
2693
2688
2700
2134
2506
2865
FRAC
.125
.096
.064
.268
.249
.227
.209
.182
.209
.208
.228
.251
.235
.251
.268
.306
.250
.321
.315
FUEL
CITY
15.9
17.2
17.9
17.6
17.8
18.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.7
20.3
20.3
20.9
20.7
21.0
20.9
21.0
21.5
ECONOMY
NWY 55/45
22.0
23.1
24.1
24.6
24.1
25.3
27.4
27.9
29.0
29.2
30.3
32.4
33.2
34.4
34.1
34.5
34.1
34.3
34.7
18.2
19.4
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.7
22.2
22.4
22.8
22.9
23.4
24.4
24.6
25.4
25.1
25.5
25.3
25.5
25.9
UCHT
LB
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
VOL
CU-FT
102.4
111.1
112.3
111.3
113.3
112.0
111.8
109.6
111.9
113.5
114.0
113.5
114.2
113.0
111.2
113.4
113.0
ENGINE
CIO HP
227
231
232
257
252
244
234
237
238
236
228
225
217
212
207
194
195
192
192
102
100
104
119
120
115
113
118
122
127
133
141
147
151
151
150
156
157
158
0-60
TINE
15.6
15.8
15.3
13.8
13.7
14.1
14.3
14.0
13.6
13.1
12.7
12.0
11.6
11.4
11.4
11.4
11.1
11.1
11.0
TOP
SPEED
104.5
103.7
105.1
110.8
110.8
109.2
108.3
110.3
111.5
113.4
115.5
118.7
120.7
122,0
122.0
121.8
123.9
124.1
124.7
HP/
CIO
.463
.447
.458
.468
.477
.477
.487
.505
.524
.556
.603
.654
.703
.732
.751
.795
.821
.840
.842
HP/
UT
.0292
.0286
.0297
.0342
.0342
.0329
.0322
.0338
.0348
.0363
.0379
.0404
.0421
.0431
.0431
.0429
.0446
.0447
.0452
TON
-NP8
32.4
34.3
35.9
35.5
35.4
36.5
39.1
39.6
40.2
40.4
41.0
42.9
43.1
44.6
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.7
45.5
CU-FT
-MPG 1
2104
2253
2273
2325
2534
2546
2577
2538
2629
2787
2818
2902
2887
2894
2837
2904
2944
CU-FT-
•ON-MPG
3682
3943
3978
4068
4435
4455
4509
4442
4600
4878
4931
5078
5052
5064
4964
5082
5152
PERCENT OF 3500 LI. CARSl
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 '
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVCTRA1N TRANSMISSION
FRONT 410 MANUAL LOCK
.2
.5
.9
8.2
35.2
49.2
64.1
72.8
80.6
84.5
79.6
80.0
82.3
.4
.5
.6
.8
.2
.5
.4
.2
.2
1.9
2.7
1.0
.4
19.3
17.2
16.2
4.7
4.0
3.1
3.4
6.9
8.7
7.7
8.3
8.6
8.8
7.9
6.9
6.3
T.3
7.1
5.4
6.4
16.9
37.9
84.4
88.4
83.4
88.9
88.8
88.S
87.8
89.7
88.2
89.5
88.2
89.*
91.1
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
6.5
5.7
6.1
1.4
1.3
2.2
3.0
9.5
14.4
35.6
69.9
80.1
92.1
99.7
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
4.4
5.3
12.1
32.3
20.7
15.0
11.4
12.2
2.8
3.9
3.1
.1
6.5
5.7
6.1
1.4
1J
2.2
3.0
5.1
9.1
23.5
37.6
59.4
77.1
88.2
87.8
97.2
96.0
96.8
99.9
CAM
91.6
92.9
91.1
98.1
97.9
96.2
94.5
85.6
83.0
63.0
29.5
19.9
7.4
.3
DSL
1.9
1.4
2.7
.5
.8
1.7
2.5
4.9
2.6
1.4
.7
.1
.4
.1
.1
.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL NIO LARGE
97.7
98.1
97.1
34.2
23.4
18.4
13.7
27.8
35.0
39.5
35.1
33.2
36.6
30.5
22.8
23.6
30.6
25.2
23.0
2.3
1.9
2.9
65.8
76.6
81.4
86.2
72.2
65.0
60.5
45.3
41.3
34.1
44.5
51.7
59.0
58.1
62.0
59.7
.1
19.6
23.5
29.3
24.9
25.5
17.4
11.4
12.8
17.3
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
91.4
92.1
90.6
98.0
97.7
96.2
94.5
91.2
90.1
90.0
86.1
87.1
80.3
84.4
83.0
76.8
72.1
66.0
68.9
8.6
7.9
9.4
2.0
2.3
3.8
5.2
6.0
4.7
4.4
4.3
5.0
6.2
5.2
5.8
7.9
8.1
6.8
6.4
.3
2.7
5.2
5.6
9.5
8.0
13.5
10.4
11.2
15.3
19.8
27.3
24.7
-------
F-8
TABLE F-8 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CMS
4000 LB. CMS
MODEL
YEM
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1964
196S
1986
1987
1968
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1089
1977
3323
2235
2643
1316
1312
1215
1445
1702
1671
918
912
82*
860
1016
1114
1118
1384
FRAC
.132
.203
.294
.200
.245
.139
.150
.155
.181
.159
.155
.083
.085
.077
.086
.115
.130
.143
.152
FUEL
CITY
13.8
15.6
15.8
15.7
15.6
16.2
17.2
17.3
17.1
17.3
18.2
18.4
18.3
18.5
19.1
18.9
19.1
19.3
19.5
ECONOMY
HUY S5/45
18.6
21.2
21.4
21.9
21.5
23.5
26.0
26.7
26.4
26.8
28.6
29.1
28.4
29.4
30.6
30.7.
31.7
31.7
32.0
15.6
17.7
17.9
18.0
17.8
18.8
20.3
20.6
20.3
20.6
21.7
22.1
21.7
22.2
23.0
22.9
23.3
23.4
23.6
UGHT
LS
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000*
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
VOL
CU-PT
113.3
114.9
119.6
122.4
123.2
126.4
126.7
126.3
125.3
124.9
122.2
125.8
125.1
123.3
124.9
123.0
122.1
ENGINE
CID HP
292
280
293
305
311
302
295
287
287
289
294
299
294
289
275
265
265
258
253
130
122
133
145
147
136
133
135
139
139
148
154
157
160
1S4
165
186
191
199
0-60
TIME
14.5
15.4
14.2
13.1
13.0
13.9
14.0
13.8
13.4
13.4
12.8
12.4
12.3
12.1
12.5
12.0
10.7
10.5
10.2
TOP
SPEED
110.4
107.8
111.4
115.3
115.9
112.3
111.6
112.2
113.4
113.3
116.4
118.2
119.3
120.3
118.5
121.9
129.0
130.3
133.1
PERCENT Of 4000 L8. CMSl
HP/
CIO
.443
.433
.453
.474
.472
.453
.458
.479
.490
.485
.508
.520
.551
.569
.576
.638
.718
.763
.811
HP/
WT
.0325
.0305
.0333
.0362
.0367
.0339
.0334
.0339
.0348
.0347
.0371
.0384
.0392
.0400
.0386
.0412
.0466
.0478
.0497
TON
-MM
31.8
35.7
36.0
36.2
35.8
38.3
41.2
41.6
40.9
41.3
43.6
44.3
43.7
44.6
46.2
45.9
46.7
46.9
47.4
CU-FT
-MPC 1
2044
2092
2150
2349
2542
2626
2588
2603
2733
2774
2676
2819
2892
2829
2917
2886
2895
CU-FT-
•OH-MPG
4087
4184
4300
4698
5085
5252
5176
5207
5467
5548
5352
5639
5783
5658
5833
5772
5790
HOOfi
YEAR
197$
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 '
1983
1964
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRA1N TRANSMISSION FUEL METERIN8
FRONT 4UO MANUAL LOCK FI T8I PORT
5.3
10.9
11.1
11.1
12.5
12.8
13.0
.2
1.1
6.3
8.9
32.2
38.6
41.5
42.7
2.3
.9
1.3
1.3
1.1
.7
.4
.3
.1
.9
1.4
1.4
7.6
6.9
3.3
3.0
2.2
.9
.9
.1
.2
4.0
1.6
2.S
i.i
i.t
2.3
1.9
.6
.4
.5
10.4 .9
10.4 2.8
40.1 7.4
82.
89.
94.
95.
94.
92.
87.
11.3
20.5
39.9
43.2
45.2
52.7
54.1
92.7 77.2
92.5 98.0
95.7 99.9
93.5 99.6
97.0 100.0
M.3 100.0
4.9
10.3
18.7
38.0
41.1
41.4
4.4
3.2
2.2
13.6
7.4
12.9
6.0
4.9
.6
.4
.5
.9
2.8
2.5
1.2
1.8
2.0
2.1
3.8
41.3
50.9
75.0
84.4
92.5
86.8
94.0
95.1
CMS
99.4
99.0
99.1
98.4
94.8
83.0
75.3
70.0
55.7
53.9
52.7
46.8
44.7
22.8
2.0
DSL
.6
.4
.7
2.3
9.6
13.2
9.4
4.4
2.8
2.0
.5
1.2
.1
.4
VEHICLE SI21
SMALL NIO LARGE
94.4
82.6
51.9
40.8
24.1
15.7
12.2
5.6
5.8
5.1
5.2
9.4
12.7
10.8
8.0
5.2
5.9
12.S
17.5
4.6
17.1
19.3
18.9
24.7
29.2
29.1
28.1
23.4
22.8
30.7
26.6
31.9
21.1
28.1
32.9
26.7
27.6
22.8
1.0
.3
28.9
40.4
31.2
55.1
58.8
66.3
70.8
72.1
64.2
64.0
55.3
68.1
63.9
61.9
67.3
59.9
59.7
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
98.4
98.6
99.1
98.4
98.3
97.4
97.5
95.2
95.0
95.8
94.3
91.9
86.2
86.7
89.2
86.2
86.9
81.2
7S.2
1.6
1.4
.9
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.5
4.8
5.0
4.2
5.7
7.1
9.6
10.9
8.7
6.0
5.6
3.8
4.8
1.0
4.3
2.4
2:1
7.9
7.5
14.9
20.0
-------
F-9
TABLE F-9 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
4500 LB. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985'
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1791
2223
3496
1997
1527
363
318
183
188
185
104
.101
78
105
87
67
72
105
121
FRAC
.217
.229
.309
.179
.142
.038
.036
.023
.023
.017
.010
.009
.007
.010
.009
.008
.008
.013
.013
FUEL
CITY
12.4
13.6
14.5
14.0
14.3
16.0
17.1
17.5
16.4
16.7
17.3
17.7
18.3
18.8
18.1
16.8
17.2
17.6
17.4
ECONOM
HUT
17.6
19.3
20.0
20.6
20.3
24.4
26.8
27.7
26.7
26.9
28.4
28.9
30.4
30.3
28.9
27.3
28.5
29.8
30.2
Y
55/45
14.3
15.7
16.5
16.3
16.5
19.0
20.4
21.0
19.9
20.2
21.0
21.5
22.3
22.6
21.8
20.3
20.9
21.5
21.5
UGHT VOL
LI CU-FT
4500
4500
4500 118.7
4500 123.8
4500 127.6
4500 137.3
4500 137.1
4500 148.3
4500 146.6
4500 152.0
4500 160.2
4500 156.5
4500 160.2
4500 144.8
4500 141.1
4500 130.1
4500 133.6
4500 137.2
4500 139.9
ENGI
CID
347
346
346
356
353
350
343
323
311
308
306
308
306
305
306
322
312
332
341
NE
HP
158
157
157
161
157
137
127
127
143
148
150
150
140
144
151
178
201
195
194
0-60
TIME
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.1
13.4
15.1
16.1
16.1
14.4
14.0
13.8
14.0
14.6
14.4
14.1
12.6
11.3
11.4
11.4
TOP
SPEED
115.5
115.3
115.2
116.6
115.3
109.3
106.2
106.2
111.1
112.6
113.1
113.1
110.1
111.5
113.3
121.8
128.8
126.7
126.7
HP/
CID
.455
.454
.454
.453
.445
.394
.374
.401
.463
.482
.490
.485
.458
.474
.494
.555
.648
.600
.582
HP/
WT
.0351
.0349
.0349
.0358
.0349
.0305
.0282
.0283
.0318
.0329
.0333
.0333
.0311
.0321
.0336
.0397
.0448
.0433
.0432
TON
-MPG
32.5
35.6
37.4
37.0
37.4
43.7
47.3
48.6
45.2
45.6
47.3
48.6
50.1
51.1
49.3
46,3
47.6
48.9
48.6
CU-FT
-MM 1
1973
2038
2122
2661
2876
3153
2935
3074
3369
3398
3570
3296
3118
2729
2894
3017
3038
OJ-FT-
•ON-MPG
4440
4586
4775
5988
6471
7095
6603
6917
7579
7646
8033
7416
7016
6140
6511
6789
6835
PERCENT OF 4500 L8. CARS*
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 •
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
.9
2.0
1.3
2.7
4.4
7.5
8.6
6.3
1.4
.6
.1
TRANSMISSION
H/mUM. LOCK
.6
.1
.1
12.9
9.3
54.2
61.7
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.2
100.0
100.0
96.2
84.4
.7 82.1
.3 88.9
.3 95.3
FUEL NETERINO
FI T8I PORT
1.6
2.3
1.6
3.1
3.4
29.7
8.7
.1
2.9
8.0
51.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.6
2.3
1.6
3.1
3.4
29.7
8.7
.1
2.9
8.0
30.5 20.5
73.8 26.2
86.2 13.8
90.6 9.4
CAM
98.4
97.7
98.4
95.3
91.1
71.3
26.1
54.7
87.7
95.8
98.9
91.3
99.9
97.1
92.0
48.9
DSL
1.5
5.5
28.7
44.2
45.3
12.3
4.2
1.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID URGE
27.6
28.0
24.9
2.9
3.7
.1
.2
.1
.1
3.8
9.4
13.8
8.6
5.1
69.7 2.7
69.
49.
48.
35.
7.
8.
6.
1.
•
9
8.
21.
2.
4.
11.
12.
1.
4.
2.2
25.2
48.2
60.4
92.3
91.4
93.5
98.6
99.4
99.8
91.2
78.3
97.1
92.0
79.5
75.8
89.5
90.6
DESIGNED
DOM EUR ASIAN
98.9
99.4
99.7
99.6
99.3
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.7
100.0
100.0
91.2
99.9
97.1
92.0
79.5
73.8
86.2
90.6
1.1
.6
.3
.4
.7
.1
.3
.8.8
.1
2.9
8.0
20.5
23.0
12.7
8.2
3.2
1.1
1.2
-------
F-10
TABLE F-10 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
5000 L9. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1964
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1992
1993
SALES
<000)
1505
1494
1051
477
182
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
15
19
FRAC
.183
.154
.093
.043
.017
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.002
.002
FUEL
CITY
11.1
12.8
12.1
12.4
12.3
11.0
10.3
9.7
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.3
10.1
10.7
10.8
9.3
14.7
15.9
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
16.0
17.8
17.7
18.6
18.2
15.2
14.2
13.6
14.0
13.6
13.2
13.1
13.6
15.1
15.2
13.9
21.6
23.5
12.9
14.6
14.1
14.6
14.4
12.5
11.7
11.2
11.5
11.2
10.9
10.7
11.4
12.3
12.4
10.9
17.2
18.6
WGHT VOL
L8 CD- FT
5000
5000
5000 129.7
5000 132.3
5000 126.5
5000 121.9
5000 122.2
5000 121.4
5000 126.4
5000 122.1
SOW 113.5
5000 114.2
5000 113.0
5000 112.0
5000 112.9
5000 95.9
5000 125.9
5000 125.7
ENGINE
CIO HP
388
378
387
403
396
382
387
378
373
374
394
378
410
408
410
326
280
250
166
166
175
179
169
156
156
176
157
176
187
205
191
207
206
240
296
266
0-60
TIME
14.0
13.9
13.3
13.1
13.7
14.6
14.6
13.7
14.7
13.7
12.9
12.2
12.4
11.6
11.6
10.3
9.0
9.7
TOP
SPEED
114.6
114.6
117.1
118.2
115.5
111.8
111.6
117.5
112.0
117.2
120.5
125.4
121.5
126.0
125.7
135.4
151.2
142.9
HP/
CIO
.429
.440
.453
.445
.426
.409
.402
.482
.426
,485
.494
.574
.466
.509
.502
.736
1.052
1.071
HP/
UT
.0333
.0333
.0351
.0358
.0339
.0312
.0311
.0353
.0314
.0351
.0375
.0409
.0382
.0413
.0411
.0480
.0592
.0533
TON
•NP6
32.6
36.7
35.5
36.7
36.7
31.5
29.4
28.0
28.9
28,1
27.2
26.8
28.6
30.9
31.0
27.3
43.5
47.0
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPO TON-HPG
1843
1947
1861
1549
1446
1362
1463
1375
1234
1223
1295
1384
1400
1048
2189
2360
4606
4869
4653
1873
3615
3406
3658
3439
3085
3058
3236
3461
3500
2620
5473
5900
PERCENT Of 5000 Li. CARSt
MODEL ORIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
1975
1976 .3
1977 3.3
1978 4.9
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983 -
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1992
1993
U.
14.
A.
15.
US.
30.
1.
4.
101).
1
2
5
8
3
6
S
9
0
FUEL METERIN8
FI T8I PORT
.7
.4
.9
6.7
100.0
85.8
93.5
84.2
83.7
69.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.9
93.7
.7
.4
.9
6.7
57.4 42.6
41.5 44.2
74.2 19.3
46.8 37.4
83.7
69.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.9
93.7
CAR8 DSL
100
100
99
98
90
93
14
6
15
16
30
.0
.0
.3
.7 .9
.0 9.1
.3
.2
.5
.8
.3
.6
8.1
6.3
VEHICLII SIZZ
SMALL MID IARCI
15.2
31.2
6.6
2.4
1.4
2.3
1.6
1.8
4.9
2.0
100.0
33.5
28.7
25.8
18,5
39.4
36.0
158.5
23.4
51.7
97.7
98.4
98.2
'95.1
98.0
3.1
66.3
71.3
59.0
81.5
60.6
68.8
57.4
41.5
74.2
46.8
100.0
96.9
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
68.8
57.4
41.5
74.2
46.8
31.2
42.6
58.5
25.8
53.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-ll
TABU F-11 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
5500 18. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
<000)
828
934
298
134
2
1
1
1
2
FRAC
.100
.096
.026
.012
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
-FUR.
cm
10.5
11.6
10.7
10.8
9.8
.6
.2
.9
.4
.4
9.4
9.4
9.5
10.6
10.8
11.3
11.4
11.8
12.2
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
15.1
16.2
16.1
16.6
12.9
12.6
12.6
12.2
13.7
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.2
14.8
15.4
16.2
16.3
18.8
19.3
12.2
13.3
12.6
12.8
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.1
10.9
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
12.2
12.5
13.1
13.2
14.1
14.7
U6HT
II
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
VOL ENGINE
CU-FT CID HP
458
460
131.8 447
130.7 445
112.7 417
100.7 412
98.
92.
92.
92.
92.
92.
92.
91.
103.
107.
107.
106.
117.
412
412
412
412
412
,412
412
412
412
412
412
412
389
208
203
194
191
174
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
187
205
259
250
237
257
318
0-60
TIME
12.6
12.7
13.2
13.3
14.4
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
13.7
12.6
10.7
11.0
11.4
10.7
9.3
TOP
SPEED
122.7
121.5
119.0
118.3
113.7
112.
112.
112.
112.
112.
112.
112.
117.
121 »
136.
133.
130.
133.
151.
PERCENT Of 5500 Li. CARSl
HP/
CIO
.454
.443
.435
.429
.417
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.413
.454
.498
.630
.607
.577
.623
.831
HP/
wr
.0378
.0370
.0353
.0348
.0317
.0309
.0309
.0309
.0309
.0309
.0309
.0309
.0340
.0373
.0472
.0455
.0432.
.0467
.0578
TON
-MP6
33.6
36.6
34.8
35.3
30.4
29.6
28.9
27.9
30.1
30.1
30.2
30.1
30.1
33.4
34.4
36.0
36.2
38.9
40.4
CU-FT
-MPQ T
1664
1682
1247
1084
1043.
937
1010
1015
1015
1012
1007
1109
1300
1405
1414
1509
1732
OJ-FT-
'ON-MPG
4577
4625
3430
2982
2869
2577
2778
2792
2792
2784
2771
3050
3576
1863
3890
4151
4763
MODEL ORIVfTRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERUM VEHICLE SIZE
YEA! FRONT 410 MANUAL LOCK FI T8I PORT CARS OSL SMALL MID LARGt
1975 8.2
1976 7.4
1977 15.9
1978 33.7
1979
1980
1981
1982 *
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991 .
1992
1993
2.9
3.1
30.0
5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
- 51.2 100.0
100.0
2.9 97.1
3.1 96.9
30.0 70.0
100.0
5.0 95.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.2
5.8
.4
.7
58.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.2
18.0
16.5
19.5
7.2
11.3 83.4
12.1 82.1
32.7 66.9
33.7 65.6
41.2
*
52.8
82.0
83.5
80.5
44.1 48.8
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
99.9 .1
99.9 .1
99.6 .4
99.3 .7
41.2 58.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-12
TAKE M2 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CMS
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000) FRAC
FUEL ECONOMY
•C1TT HWY 55/43
UGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LI OJ-PT CIO HP TIHf SPEED
HP/
CIO
HP/
vr
6000 LB. CARS
TO* CU-FT CU-FT-
•MPQ -NP6 TON-MPS
1985
1986
1987
1988
1993
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
8.9
8.9
9.3
10.5
11.3
PERCENT OP 6000 LB. CARS:
12.2
12.2
12.3
14.0
18.0
10.1
10.1
10.4
11.8
13.6
HOOEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
157.5
157.5
157.5
157.5
139.3
412
412
412
412
412
170
170
173
205
221
15
15
15
13
12
.7
.7
.5
.5
.7
110.0
110.0
110.8
118.8
122.8
.413 .0283
.413 .0283
.420 .0288
.498 .0341
.536 .0368
30.4 1595 4786
30.4 1595 4786
31.3 1645 4935
35.5 1863 5590
40.7 1890 5671
TRANSMISSION
LOCK
FUEL METERING
PI Til PORT
CAR! DSL
VEHICLi SIZE
SMALL MID UUtfif
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN'
1965
1966
1987
1968
1993
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-13
TABLE F-13 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
MODEL SALES ' FUEL ECONOMY WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC CITY HVY 55/45 LI
1979 1 .000 23.2 29.5 25.7 2000
1980 3 .002 22.5 29.4 25.2 2000
1981 1 .000 22.5 29.4 25.2 2000
1982 1 .001 23.7 27.3 25.2 2000
1983 1 .001 23.7 27.3 25.2 2000
PERCENT OP 2000 LI. TRUCKS!
ENGINE
CIO HP
49
49
49
59
59
41
41
41
45
45
2000 LI. TRUCKS
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPEED
19.7
19.7
19.7
18.3
18.3
89.5
89.5
89.5
91.6
91.6
HP/
CIO
.837
.837
.837
.763
.763
HP/
WT
.0205
.0205
.0205
.0225
.0225
TON
-MPfl
25.7
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
Ft Til PORT
CAR!
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM
IMPORT
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
P-14
TAfli F-14 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
2250 IB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1962
1985
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
SALES
(000)
25
24
13
4
7
6
37
63
83
5
• FUN. ECONOMY
FRAC
.000
.013
.013
.007
.002
.002
.002
.008
.015
.018
.001
CITY
22.3
28.1
36.9
36.1
26.6
30.2
28.1
30.2
30.2
30.6
30.9
HW
29.3
38.5
48.9
43.5
31.0
32.1
29.6
37.5
37.5
37.3
37.0
55/45
25.0
32.0
41.5
39.1
28.4
31.1
28.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.4
UGHT
L8
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
ENGINE 0-60 TOP
CIO HP TIME SPEED
49 41 21.6 87.7
94 64 15.9 99.0
97 52 17.9 93.1
91 51 18.2 92.6
71 47 19.4 90.8
70 47 19.5 90.7
61 45 20.8 89.7
81 64 15.3 99.0
81 64 15.3 99.0
81 64 15.3 99.0
80 64 15.3 99.0
HP/
CID
.837
.677
.536
.570
.692
.697
.738
.790
.790
.790
.797
HP/
UT
.0182
.0284
.0231
.0226
.0210
.0209
.0200
.0284
.0284
.0284
.0284
TON
•MPQ
28.1
38.1
46.7
45.8
33.9
35.6
32.4
37.2
37.2
37.4
37.5
Of 2250 L8. TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UO
100.0
100.0
85.0
31.3
28.9
100.0
15.0
68.7
71.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.1
82.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
LOCK
FUEL
FI
54.6
METERING
Til PORT
III
VEHICLE
SIZE
CAM OSL SMALL MID LARGE
100.0 100.0
45.4 100.0
100.0 100.0
15.0 85.0 100.0
68.7 31.3 100.0
71.1 28.9 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
DESIGNED
DON
r~
~~
13.3
28.9
IMPORT
100.0
100.0'
100.0
100.0
86.7
71.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-15
TAILE F-15 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
MODEL SALES " FUEL ECONOMY WCHT
YEAR (000) FRAC CITY HWY 55/43 LI
2500 LI. TRUCKS
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
23 .007
39 .013
16 .009
27 .015
36 .019
33 .014
18 .005
4 .001
5 .001
1 .000
39
34
15
12
16
.009
.009
.004
.003
.003
23.5 33.7 27.2
24.1 33.5 27.5
22.1 32.3 25.8
24.9 34.2 28.4
24.8 32.0 27.6
25.4 32.8 28.2
24.2 31.4 27.0
26.2 35.2 29.
26.4 36.0 30.
26.3 35.5 29.
28.8
29.2
28.7
28.0
27.4
PERCENT OF 2500 LI. TRUCKS:
34.9 31.
35.9 31.
35.1 31.
34.S 30.
33.7 29.
ENGINE
CIO HP
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
TRANSMISSION
LOCK
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
FUEL NETERIN8
FI Til PORT
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPEED
97
97
97
108
132
137
110
109
109
109
97
94
91
92
95
67
67
68
73
81
86
74
73
73
73
80
78
75
76
78
16.0
16.0
15.8
14.9
13.9
13.3
15.8
15.3
14.9
14.9
14.1
14.3
14.7
14.6
14.3
98.2
98.2
98.6
101.1
104.7
107.0
101.2
100.9
100.9
100.9
104.1
103.0
101.8
102.4
103.3
HP/
CIO
.691
.691
.701
.683
.625
.636
.686
.670
.670
.670
.825
.827
.829
.828
.826
HP/
UT
.0268
.0268
.0272
.0294
.0326
.0346
.0295
.0292
.0292
.0292
.0320
.0310
.0300
.0305
.0313
TON
-MP6
34.2
34.5
32.3
35.5
34.9
36.4
34.2
37.0
37.5
37.2
39.2
39.8
39.1
38.3
37.5
CAR! OSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL NIO LARCE
DESIGNED
DON
IMPORT
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
9.5
34.2
49.7
48.9
29.9
100.0
100.0
90.5
65.8
20.1
13.2
53.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.5
20.6
18.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.5
100.0
58.4
59.4
79.8
95.6
100.0
100.0
56.2
100.0
100.0
86.5
81.2
2.7
3.3
4.4
43.8
13.5
18.8
9.5
34.2
9.4
2.6
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 12.5
100.0
100.0
90.5
65.8
90.6
97.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.0
30.1
37.9
46.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.9
62.1
53.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-16
TAILE F-16 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
2750 Li. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1985
1984
1985.
1986
1967
196*
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
HOOfL
YEA*
1975
1976
1977
197S
1977
1980
1981
1982
1983 "
1984
1965
1966
1987
198*
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
204 .102
202 .078
270 .096
241 .074
250 .081
324 .174
222 .122
227 .119
340 .141
328 .098
246 .067
316 .073
244 .059
120 .026
• 76 .017
45 .012
28 .007
28 .006
28 .006
FUIL ECONOMY
' CITY
18.1
19.6
21.1
21.0
19.8
22.3
24.7
24.9
25.4
25.1
26.3
26.0
26.1
24.6
24.5
24.3
26.5
26.6
26.5
HUY 55/45
26.0
27.5
29.3
27.3
27.4
30.0
33.3
33.8
34.3
33.5
35.7
35.2
35.8
33.1
32.7
30.6
32.6
32.6
32.4
21.0
22.5
24.2
23.5
22.6
25.2
27.9
28.3
28.8
28.3
29.9
29.5
29.7
27.8
27.6
26.8
28.9
29.0
28.8
WGHT
L8 .
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
ENGINE
CIO HP
155 101
150 98
146 98
157 98
126 90
126 91
130 90
130 91
132 87
130 87
130 90
132 92
133 93
136 98
135 97
129 95
97 80
97 80
97 81
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
12.9 110.7
13.0 109.6
13.0 109.4
12.9 109.5
13.7 106.2
13.6 106.6
13.8 106.2
13.7 106.5
14.2 104.6
14.2 104.9
14.1 106.1
13.6 106.8
13.5 107.3
12.9 109.3
12.9 109.2
13.3 108.2
15.2 101.7
15.1 101.9
15.1 102.0
HP/
CIO
.713
.727
.732
.700
.720
.728
.695
.699
.658
.672
.693
.695
.695
.721
.721
.745
.825
.828
.832
HP/
vr
.0367
.0358
.0356
.0357
.0329
.0333
.0329
.0331
.0315
.0318
.0328
.0334
.0338
.0356
.0354
.0346
.0291
.0292
.0294
TON
-MP6
29.4
31.5
33.8
33.1
31.6
34.9
38.7
39.1
39.8
39.2
41.3
40.8
41.0
38.4
38.1
36.9
39.9
39.9
39.7
Of 2750 LI. TRUCKS:
DRIVETMIM
FRONT 4U>
23.2
20.2
16.3
24.0
1.4
4.0 .1
6.5 .1
3.4
1.7
1.6
31.1
100.0
98.1
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
91.3
82.0
81.9
86.9
82.7
86.9
90.3
87.1
89.4
86.1
92.0
88.3
89.9
99.4
100.0
6f.f
56*7
Sfc*
ys.2
LOCK
FUIL
FI
NETERIN6
TBI PORT
VENICLIE
SIZE
CAR8 DSL SNAIL NIO LARQE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.6
98.6 1.4 98.8
4.9
.2
2.9
.8
.8
.9
31.1
43.3
41.2
44.8
.1
1.1
1.4
.6
31.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
.6
31.1
100.0
98.1 1.9
100.0
98.3 1
99.1
98.2
98.1
99.6
100.0
99.4
100.0
68.9
.7 97.5
.9 100.0
.7 66.7
.4 100.0
.4 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
1.2
2.5
33.3
68.9
DESIGNED
DON
23.2
20.2
16.3
24.0
3.7
22.3
43.0
15.4
25.4
14.8
18.1
IMPORT
76.8
79.8
83.7
76.0
96.3
100.0
100.0
77.7
57.0
84.6
74.6
85.2
81.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-17
TABLE F-17 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
3000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
60
73
91
144
226
212
249
379
414
575
658
840
799
740
609
446
594
425
388
FRAC
.030
.028
.032
.044
.073
.114
.137
.198
.180
.172
.179
.193
.193
.162
.137
.117
.147
.096
.082
FUEL
CITY
18.2
18.3
22.9
22.4
19.6
20.2
23.0
22.6
22.5
22.7
22.9
23.4
23.4
23.9
24.0
24.4
24.0
24.0
23.8
HUY
24.9
25.4
31.3
29.9
25.7
26.7
30.8
31.4
31.2
31.6
31.8
32.S
32.9
33.4
33.2
33.4
33.5
33.2
33.2
y
53/45
20.7
21.0
26.0
25.2
21.9
22.7
25.9
25.9
25.7
26.0
26.2
26.S
26.9
27.4
27.4
27.8
27.5
27.4
27.2
UGHT
LB
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
ENG1
CIO
107
136
147
148
154
146
150
162
158
153
151
143
143
143
145
142
148
145
146
ME
HP
70
77
81
83
89
86
86
97
94
94
100
99
100
98
102
110
109
113
113
0-61
TIM
18.;
17.'
16.'
16.1
is.;
15.2
is.;
14.2
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
14.
13.
12.
12.
12.'
12.'
) TOP
\ SPEED
I 95.8
k 98.6
> 100.1
} 101.0
I 103.4
\ 102.1
r 102.2
J 106.6
105.5
105.4
107.6
107.5
107.8
107.2
108.7
111.7
111.3
t 113.0
t 113.2
HP/
CIO
667
628
596
599
607
620
591
604
,610
,626
662
,691
,690
,675
,70ft
,770
,737
.786
.781
HP/
wr
.0234
.0258
.0270
.0278
.0297
.0286
.0287
.0323
.0315
.0313
.0332
.0331
.0334
.0329
.0341
.0366
.0363
.0377
.0378
TON
-MPG
31.2
32.5
40.9
39.5
34.2
34.9
40.3
39.8
39.4
39.6
39.7
40.4
40.5
41.4
41.3
42.0
41.4
41.4
41.1
PERCENT OP 3000 LI. TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEA!
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983 '
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991 .
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 410
14.3
14.0
13.8
47.4
65.7
52.6
26.2
23.8
3.7 19.7
4.3 11.4
2.
2.
1.
1.
•
1.
4.
4.
5.7
6.6
2.3
3.6
6.3
1.8
7.9
8.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
69.3
80.2
86.2
85.6
88.2
94.6
93.2
75.1
75.1
72.7
64.7
78.0
74.3
77.3
82.2
86.9
87.0
85.4
83.1
1.4
22.0
9.6
13.6
28.*
17.6
19.6
16.7
12.4
10.4
10.2
13.0
12.«
FUEL METERINO
FI TBI PORT
4.4
30.9
51.5
61.5
66.4
77.3
82.3
89.7
90.1
87.2
31.7
37.9
36.8
46.0
14.1
38.0
30.3
29.9
19.8
23.6
29.6
31.5
68.2
51.8
59.8
57.3
CAM
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.4
84.2
92.0
91.7
67.5
47.7
38.2
33.6
22.5
17.7
10.3
9.9
12.8
DSL
21.6
15.8
8.0
3.9
1.6
.8
.3
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LAMC
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
77.9
82.3
92.1
95.3
92.9
98.1
98.6
97.4
97.9
96.1
78.4
78.3
74.5
68.6
22.1
17.3
7.9
4.5
7.1
1.9
1.4
2.6
2.1
3.9
21.6
21.7
25.5
31.4
DESIGNED
DON
14.3
14.0
13.8
22.9
20.4
16.5
53.4
56.8
57.9
58.0
34.4
41.5
61.0
51.9
39.3
51.1
40.2
39.3
IMPORT
100.0
85.7
86.0
86.2
77.1
79.6
83.5
46.6
43.2
. 42.1
42.0
65.6
58.5
39.0
48.1
60.7
•48.9
59.8
60.7
-------
F-18
UILE F-18 CHARACTERISTIC* Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
MODEL
YEA*
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
I960
1991
1962
1963
1964
196S
1986
1967
1968
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
55
83
74
100
69
82
122
145
275
738
953
1125
1234
1166
999
745
697
604
737
F*AC
.028
.032
.026
.031
.022
.044
.067
.076
.120
.221
.260
.259
.299
.25*
.225
.196
.172
.137
.156
-run.
CITY
13.9
14.9
15.5
16.4
15.4
16.4
18.5
19.5
20.2
19.9
20.0
20.2
19.9
19.5
19.5
19.7
19.7
19.7
20.2
ECC4KM
HUT
19.9
20.3
20.7
22.4
19.2
21.4
24.9
26.4
28.9
27.6
28.1
27.9
28.4
28.1
27.81
28.6
28.3
28.3
29.2
»
55/45
16.1
16.9
17.5
18.6
16.9
18.3
20.9
22.1
23.3
22.7
23.0
23.0
23.0
22.6
22.5
22.9
22.8
22.8
23.4
WGHT
LI
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
ENGINE
CID HP
308
303
311
267
251
211
238
205
174
164
168
164
178
189
197
195
202
197
193
138
132
136
128
110
106
108
104
105
102
106
114
125
134
136
140
141
142
145
0-60
TIME
12.5
12.9
12.7
13.2
14.7
15.3
14.7
15.2
14.8
15.2
15.0
14.0
13.2
12.5
12.5
12.1
12.1
12.0
11.9
TOP
SPEED
117.5
115.2
116.8
113.9
107.4
105.8
106.6
105.1
105.7
104.5
105.8
108.9
112.8
116.2
116.7
118.3
118.4
118.9
119.9
3500 LI. TRUCKS
HP/
CIO
.453
.443
.446
.498
.463
« i
.526
.474
.533
.620
.634
.647
.704
.711
.721
.704
.730
.709
.730
.756
HP/
WT
.0395
.0377
.0389
.0367
.0315
.0302
.0308
.0297
.0301
.0292
.0302
.0327
.0358
.0384
.0389
.0401
.0402
.0406
.0414
TON
-MP8
28.6
30.0
30.9
32.9
30,0
32.4
36.9
39.0
41.1
40.1
40.3
40.6
40.5
39.9
39.7
40.5
40.4
40.6
41.5
PERCENT W 3500 LI. TRUCKS*
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
1961
1962 -
1963
1984
1965
1966
1987
1968
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
MIVI
FRONT
15.3
23.3
20.2
20.2
18.1
22.3
26.4
7.3
9.0
25.3
TRAIN
4UD
55.5
15.1
6.7
26.1
54.6
53.3
46.7
54.0
49.4
49.9
35.7
34.7
32.*
37.2
28.3
TRANSNIi
M/MIVU.
9.7
13.7
11.8
21.4
64.8
46.7
61.7
77.0
66.0
48.4
44.5
45.6
39.9
36.4
32.2
3t.t
4Su*.
46*2
tSIOtt
LOCK
36.8
31.3
19.1
28.7
25.2
32.6
34.6
47.S
55.5
49.8
66.0
58.4
52.5
51.1
FUEL 1
FI
1.8
1.9
3.0
2.7
12.2
14.6
6.5
4.3
3.7
7.0
14.7
49.6
64.9
93.7
95.0
96.0
99.7
99.7
99.9
NETERII
Til
.7
19.7
20.7
30.2
37.3
20.1
39.4
27.9
25.1
IM
PORT
29.7
44.2
63.5
57.6
75.9
60.3
71.8
74.8
CAR!
98.2
98.1
97.0
97.3
87.8
85.4
93.5
93.2
94.9
91.8
84.9
50.4
35.0
6.3
5.0
4.0
.3
.3
.1
DSL
2.6
1.5
1.2
.4
.1
.1
VEHICLE !
SMALL Ml
3.0
5.4
6.7
11.7
75.1
40.7
17.9
13.2
70.9
84.4
71.5
75.9
74.0
76.8
79.6
82.4
82.8
82.9
63.3
size
ID LAROI
97.0
94.6
93.3
88.3
24.9
59.3
82.1
86.8
29.1
13.6
28.5
24.1
26.0
23.2
20.4
17.6
17.2
17.1
36.7
DESIGNED
DON
97.0
94.6
93.3
88.3
80.3
66.8
30.5
63.4
68.3
74.4
74.1
70.8
74.3
82.5
83.6
82.1
83.1
80.1
83.9
IMPORT
3.0
5.4
6.7
11.7
19.7
33.2
19.5
36.6
31.7
25.6
25.9
29.2
25.7
17.5
. 16.4
17.9
16.9
19.9
16.1
-------
F-19
TABLE F-19 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
4000 LI. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985'
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1021
1234
1165
1317
702
536
675
490
501
688
742
935
856
1189
1391
1229
1502
1484
1624
FRAC
.514
.473
.413
.402
.227
.288
.371
.256
.218
.206
.202
.215
.207
.261
.314
.323
.371
.336
.344
FUEL
CITY
12.3
13.2
14.7
14.3
14.4
16.5
16.9
16.5
16.7
16.4
17.1
17.5
17.8
18.1
18.5
18.3
18.4
18.3
18.4
HWY
17.2
17.9
19.3
18.3
18.5
22.2
22.8
22.4
22.9
23.0
23.8
24.5
25.3
26.2
26.9
26.7
27.0
27.1
27.6
Y
55/45
14.1
15.0
16.5
15.9
15.9
18.6
19.1
18.7
19.0
18.9
19.6
20.1
20.5
21.1
21.5
21.3
21.5
21.4
21.6
WGHT
IB
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
PERCENT OP 4000 L8. TRUCKS:
ENGINE
CIO HP
324
326
322
319
301
279
282
286
269
265
259
243
227
230
225
219
221
220
225
141
137
144
144
140
125
127
127
123
121
132
132
141
148
149
148
151
152
165
0-60
TIME
13.5
13.7
13.1
13.1
13.4
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
14.2
14.0
13.3
12.8
12.7
12.8
12.6
12.5
11.7
TOP
SPEED
114.1
112.7
115.2
114.9
113.7
108.9
109.4
109.3
108.3
107.6
111.0
111.1
114.2
116.2
116.8
116.3
117.4
117.7
122.0
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
fl T8I PORT
HP/
CIO
.433
.419
.447
.449
.465
.453
.452
.446
.469
.471
.523
.572
.649
.668
.686
.694
.702
.703
.743
HP/
WT
.0353
.0342
.0361
.0359
.0350
.0314
.0317
.0318
.0309
.0303
.0330
.0330
.0354
.0369
.0373
.0370
.0378
.0380
.0413
TON
-MP6
28.8
30.8
33.5
32.5
32.4
37.5
38.6
37.9
38.5
38.4
39.7
40.6
41.3
42.4
43.2
42.9
43.2
43.1
43.5
CAR! DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MIO LARGE
DESIGNED
DON
IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 •
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
^i
3.
15.
14.
31.
22.
29.
29.'
2.0
2.7
3.4
3.8
6.4
5.8
> 7.3
9.1
16.7
20.6
27.4
23.2
27.9
27.5
34.8
29.0
37.0
32.9
k 35.4
33.8
33.4
29.7
29.3
35.0
50.0
42.9
31.3
27.6
29.0
20.6
25.7
19.2
21.8
19.3
17.5
17.0
U.9
14.8
7.6
21.7
37.4
33.8
50.1
43.5
50.2
57.1
70.8
71.3
78.0
79.8
82.8
85.0
85.1
.7
.5
.6
.7
.8
8.0
59.8
87.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.8 24.9
47.5 39.3
51.9 48.1
48.7 51.3
41.8 58.2
42.0 58.0
26.5 73.5
11.2 88.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5 .5
100.0
99.3
99.5
99.0 .4
99.2 .1
99.2
92.0
39.7 .5
13.0
.6
.6
1.3
1.0
.6
1.0
.7
1.4
14.3
19.3
35.5
46.0
64.4
66.0
72.7
72.0
77.0
79.8
69.1
99.4
99.4
98.7
99.0
99.4
99.0
99.3
98.6
85.7
80.7
64.5
54.0
35.6
34.0
27,3
28.0
23.0
20.2
30.9
99.4
99.4
98.7
99.0
99.4
99.0
99.3
98.6
99.0
98.9
99.0
89.3
89.6
86.8
85.6
82.8
79.1
85.3
82.3
.6
.6
1.3
1.0
.6
1.0
.7
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.0
10.7
10.4
13.2
14.4
17.2
20.9
14.7
17.7
-------
F-20
TAIL! F-20 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
4500 IB. TRUCKS
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1965
1986'
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
HOOCL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983 '
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
386
610
862
986
960
389
373
407
517
691
745
769
636
814
.894
832
909
1237
1242
Of 4500
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.194
.234
.305
.301
.311
.209
.205
.213
.225
.207
.203
.177
.154
.179
.202
.219
.225
.280
.263
CITY
io.r
11.6
12.5
12.3
12.8
14.0
14.9
14.9
15.0
14.7
14.5
15.3
15.0
15.4
15.3
15.6
16.1
16.1
16.3
HUT 55/45
13.6
15.1
15.9
15.4
13.9
18.3
19.9
19.7
20.2
20.0
19.4
20.*
20.6
21.6
21.7
22.7
23.8
23.7
24.4
11.9
12.9
13.8
13.5
13.9
13.7
16.8
16.8
17.0
16.7
16.4
17.3
17.1
17.7
17.6
18.2
18.8
18.8
19.1
UGHT
LI
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
ENGINE 0-60 TOP
CIO HP TIME SPEEO
350 160 13.3 116.3
353 158 13.5 115.!!
359 164 13.0 117.4
353 161 13.1 116.4
323 145 14.3 111.7
319 144 14.3 111.4
311 143 14.4 111.0
310 150 13.9 113.1
310 148 14.0 112.7
310 149 13.9 112.9
311 157 13.4 115.3
307 151 13.8 113.6
315 165 12.9 117.11
321 172 12.5 119.9
320 174 12.4 120.4
307 171 12.6 119.6
285 172 12.5 119.8
286 172 12.5 119.9
289 179 12.0 122.1
HP/
CIO
.456
.445
.456
.456
.452
.453
.461
.48ft
.481
.481
.503
.493
.523
.535
.541
.561
.611
.613
.631
HP/
WT
.0356
.0351
.0364
.0357
.0322
.0320
.0318
.0333
.0330
.0332
.0349
.0337
.0367
.0382
.038*
.0380
.0382
.0383
.0399
TON
-MPO
26.9
29.3
31.3
30.8
32.0
35.7
38.2
38.2
38.6
38.0
37.2
39.3
38.7
40.0
39.9
41.3
42.6
42.5
43.3
.(
L8. TRUCKS!
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.2
.1
.1
40
31.9
44.1
45.0
50.0
15.7
31.6
24.7
20.5
26.7
27.5
25.1
25.8
23.2
31.3
29.6
28.5
44.9
38.4
32.8
TRANSMISSION
mmU/U.
27.8
30.3
22.0
21.0
20.7
27.0
18.3
13.7
14.1
14.0
11.9
12.4
13.2
15.1
23.3
15.7
19.*
m*
1«.S
HOCK
.2
41.1
54.4
53.1
59.2
59.9
62.6
68.*
48.8
60.8
61.2
74.*
82.8
82.*
81.5
FUEL
FI
4.*
22.1
79.3
97.4
98.5
99.1
99.5
99.9
100.0
NETERIN6
Til PORT
22.1
43.2 36.1
66.4 31.0
59.8 38.7
59.1 40.0
45.3 54.2
33.5 66.4
39.1 60.9
VEHICLE
SIZf
CAR! DSL SMALL MID LARfli
100.0
100.0 .2
100.0 .1
98.0 2.0 .2
99.7 .3
97.3 2.7
99.0 1.0 .2
99.6 .4 .6
99.6 .4 .7
99.8 .2 .8
95.4 .8
77.9
20.7
2.5 .1
1.4 .1
.8 .1 16.0
.4 39.0
.1 35.7
30.9
100.0
99.8
99.9
99.8
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.3
99.2
9f.2'
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.0
61.0
64.3
6D.1
DESIGNED
DON
100.0
99.8
99.9
99.8
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.3
99.2
99.2
99.7
99.0
98.7
98.9
94.5
95.9
94.5
92.4
IMPORT
.2
.1
.2
.0
.0
.2
.6
.7
.8
.8
.3
1.0
1.3
1.1
5.5
4.1
5.5
7.6
-------
F-21
TABLE F-21 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
5000 LB. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
201
297
256
324
673
242
122
170
173
260
277
289
235
366
340
390
245
510
538
FRAC
.101
.114
.091
.099
.218
.130
.067
.089
.075
.078
.076
.067
.057
.060
.077
.103
.061
.115
.114
FWL
cm
10.2
11.0
11.9
11.7
11.4
13.4
14.1
15.1
14.8
14.0
13.8
14.1
13.8
14.2
14.0
14.0
13.9
14.3
14.7
ECONCI
HUT
12.4
13.7
14.8
14.6
13.7
17.9
18.7
20.2
20.6
19.5
19.4
20.0
19.3
20.3
19.8
20.6
20.2
21.2
21.9
IT
55/45
11.1
12.1
13.1
12.8
12.3
15.1
15.8
17.0
17.0
16.0
15.9
16.3
15.9
16.4
16.1
16.4
16.2
16.7
17.2
UGHT
LI
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
PERCENT OF 5000 LI. TRUCKS:
ENGINE
CIO HP
365
364
372
371
363
347
330
331
332
327
326
323
327
330
322,
332
325
331
321
165
156
167
170
156
154
146
144
150
159
164
162
175
180
176
188
188
189
191
0-60
TIME
14.1
14.7
14.0
13.6
15.1
14.8
15.4
15.6
15.0
14.4
14.1
14.1
13.4
13.2
13.4
12.7
12.6
12.7
12.5
TOP
SPEED
114.2
111.8
114.7
115.7
111.6
111.0
109.0
108.3
110.1
112.5
114.0
113.5
117.2
118.4
117,3
120.8
120.8
121.0
121.6
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4U»
TRANSMISSION
LOCK
FUEL METERINfi
FI Til PORT
HP/
CIO
.450
.428
.446
.459
.426
.443
.447
.438
.458
.488
.504
.509
.534
.541
.547
.568
.582
.571
.598
HP/
vr
.0330
.0313
.0333
.0340
.0311
.0307
.0293
.0288
.0301
.0318
.0328
.0325
.0351
.0360
.0352
.0377
.0377
.0378
.0382
TON
•MPG
27.9
30.4
32.8
32.1
31.8
39.1
40.6
44.5
44.0
41.0
40.3
41.1
40.0
41.3
40.7
41.1
40.7
42.2
43.3
CAR! DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL NIO LARQf
DESIGNED
DON
IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
48.9
50.3
40.8
56.5
22.4
51.8
50.7
42.0
48.9
60.0
63.5
62.7
70.3
61.1
62.7
58.9
69.9
59.2
61.9
24.2
24.6
22.1
27.0
15.5
18.5
17.4
17.9
12.1
12.6
11.8
9.3
13.0
9.8
12.6
8.7
10,5.
4,7
7.4
1.2
56.3
53.8
54.6
67.2
59.0
63.6
68.8
53.5
64.3
64.7
84.4
82.8
88.5
87.4
3.2
16.2
70.7
97.4
99.3
99.4
99.3
99.4
99.7
40.0
47.8
39.1
54.7
48.2
47.4
39.9
16.2
30.7
49.6
60.2
44.7
51.1
51.9
59.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.2
82.5
85.6
67.9
81.7
93.4
94.0
82.3
28.5
1.4
7.8
17.5
14.4
32.1
18.
6.
2.
1.
•
1.1
.7
.6
.7
.6
.3
.1
3.9
2.7
3.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0*
100.0
99.9
96.1
97.3
96.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.6
97.8
93.2
96.8
96.8
3.4
2.2
6.8
3.2
3.2
-------
F-22
TAJIE F-22 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1973 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
5500 U. TRUCKS
HCOIL
YEAJI
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
198t
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
59
109
101
133
158
28
6
41
35
34
23
28
'58
77
47
51
37
90
122
FRAC
.030
.042
.036
.041
.051
.015
.003
.022
.015
.010
.008
.006
.014
.017
.011
.013
.009
.020
.026
• FUtt
CITT
9.2
10.3
10.7
11.0
10.3
11.7
12.2
18.7
17.6
15.6
13.9
13.8
14.3
13.9
14.4
14.1
14.0
14.0
14.1
ECONOM
HUV
11.3
13.1
13.4
13.8
12.2
15.4
16.1
26.4
25.4
22.1
20.2
20.0
21.0
20.3
22.4
22.0
21.5
20.8
21.4
»
55/45
10.0
11.4
11.8
12.1
11.1
13.1
13.7
21.5
20.4
17.9
16.1
16.0
16.7
16.2
17.2
16.8
16.7
16.4
16.7
UGHT
L8
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
PERCENT OF 55&> LB. TRUCKS:
ENGINE
CIO HP
380
385
398
380
400
353
350
350
373
367
359
341
351
350
350
350
347
339
344
175
173
184
173
183
162
163
132
136
145
157
157
206
199
205
206
201
195
202
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
14.7 113.8
14.8 113.4
14.1 116.3
14.5 113.5
14.3 116.1
15.2 110.4
15.2 110.7
17.
17.
16.
15.
15.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
102.6
103.8
106.1
109.2
109.2
122.1
120.4
122.0
122.2
120.8
13.3 119.3
12.9 121.0
HOOCL
YEAR
DRIVITRAIN
FRONT 4tO
TRANSMISSION
LOCK
FU8LNETERIN8
FI T8I PORT
HP/
CIO
.456
.445
.458
.457
.454
.458
.466
.378
.367
.398
.440
.475
.588
.569
.587
' I
.589
.578
.574
.584
HP/
WT
.0317
.0315
.0334
.0315
.0333
.0294
.0296
.0240
.0248
.0264
.0286
.0286
.0374
.0362
.0374
.0375
.0365
.0355
.0367
TON
-MP6
27.7
31.5
32.8
33.4
30.8
36.3
37.7
60.0
57.9
51.9
45.8
45.3
46.1
44.8
47.6
46.5
46.1
45.4
46.0
CAR8 0$L
VEHICLE SIZC
SMALL NIO LAMI
DESIGNED
DON
IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
1981
1982
1983
1964
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
84.9
86.1
76.1
89.9
11.9
60.6
73.2
79.9
67.5
67.2
79.8
76.2
35.9
36.4
4.6
3.5
8.0
12.2
37.2
2.6
3.3
1.7
.1.1
29.5
22.9
24.3
13.2
3.6
4.5
4.1
10.1
.4
1.2
1.0
Kt
.6
t.4
.9
41.6
55.0
85.7
94.1
88.8
86.S
82.7
95.8
89.5
93.2
9t.O
99.4
95.7
97.S
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.2 92.8
19.9 80.1
42.1 57.9
70.0 30.0
92.6
97.7
96.9
97.2
95.*
99.1
98.7
91.6
88.3
89.8
83.1
72.0
59.5
80.6
.9
9.3
7.1
14.1
23.5
39.6
18.1
74.5 25.5
3.8 3.6
.4 1.9
3.1
2.8
4.4
.9
1.3
7.1
.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.0
loo.ff
100.0)
100.0
100.0
99.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-23
TABLE F-23 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
6000 18. TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1
1
2
2
10
4
4
4
4
8
6
3
4
33
32
18
29
32
FRAC
.000
.001
.001
.001
.003
.002
.002
.002
.001
.002
.001
.001
.001
.007
.008
.005
.007
.007
FUEL
CITY
10.0
10.6
11.2
10.7
9.7
10.8
18.2
17.4
17.4
18.0
18.8
18.1
16.0
13.5
13.6
13.5
12.9
13.2
ECONOMY
HUT 55/45
12.3 10.9
13.9 11.9
14.2 12.4
13.4 11.8
12.6 10.8
14.9 12.3
26.2 21.1
25.3 20.2
25.8 20.4
27.
28.
26.
23.
20.
20.
19.
19.
21.4
22.2
21.2
18.7
15.8
16.0
15.8
15.3
20.2 15.6
WGHT
Lg
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
PERCENT OF 6000 L8. TRUCKS*
ENGINE
CIO HP
329
373
362
373
411
362
350
378
378
378
379
377
369
352
352
351
350
350
152
161
165
170
189
169
130
131
131
132
130
136
158
205
206
206
209
209
0-60
TIME
16.9
16.3
16.0
15.6
15.7
15.8
19.5
19.4
19.4
19.3
19.5
19.0
17.3
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.3
13.3
TOP
SPEED
105.5
107.8
108.8
110.1
114.8
109.8
100.1
100.3
100.3
100.5
100.0
101.6
107.0
118.7
119.0
119.1
119.7
119.8
MODEL
YEAR
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4U>
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL NETERIN8
FI T8I PORT
HP/
CID
.463
.433
.458
.458
.448
.467
.372
.346
.346
.349
.343
.363
.431
.584
.587
.588
.596
.598
HP/
WT
.0253
.0268
.0275
.0284
.0313
.0282
.0217
.0218
.0218
.0219
.0217
.0227
.0263
.0341
.0343
.0344
.0348
.0349
TON
-MP6
33.2
35.8
37.4
35.4
32.6
37.5
63.4
61.3
61.9
64.6
66.8
64.5
57.7
47.8
48.3
47.5
46.0
46.8
CAR8 DSL
VEHICLE SIZf
SMALL NIO LARGf
DESIGNED
DON
IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
14.4
64.4
53.!
64.2
43.1
2.3
99.2
95.!
95.4
41.;
41.
48.
61.
96.
96.
94.
82.
92.
I 74.8
> 38.8
i 36.7
! 33.8
(
1
[
I
• 2.5
.3
7.9
7.4
1.1
.7
.1
76.5
100.0
95.5
95.4
97.3
99.7
92.1
92.6
98.9
99.3
99.9
100.0
100.0
7.
32.
93.
94.
94.
99.
99.
8
9
7
5
7
5
5
7
32
93
94
94
82
92
*
•
•
•
•
*
•
100
100
100
100
100
100
4
4
4
8
9
7
3
7
6 16.9
8 6.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.7 99.
.5 95.
.6 95
.7 95.
100
92.
67
6
5
5
3
5
4
3
0
2
1
3
.5
3
.5
.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-24
TABLE F-24 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
HOOIL
YEM
SALES
(000)
FRAC
FUEt ECQNGNT WCHT
CITY HUV 55/45 LS
1975
1976
1977
1978
1960
1991
.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
9.9
10.4
11.4
10.7
10.6
16.S
11.6
13.3
13.6
13.2
14.5
26.7
10.6
11.5
12.3
11.7
12.0
20.2
PERCENT Of 6500 LI. TRUCKS:
ENGINE
CIO HP
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
HOOCL
YEAR
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
TRANSMISSION
LOCK
FUEL METERINe
FI Til PORT
0-60
TINE
TOP
SPEED
321
324
316
327
368
379
150
144
142
155
150
140
18.6
19.2
19.3
18.1
18.5
19.6
103.11
101.6
101.2
104.3
103.11
100.7
6500 LS. TRUCKS
HP/
CIO
.468
.447
.453)
.474
.408
.369
HP/
WT
.0231
.0222
.0219
.0239
.0231
.0215
TON
-NP6
34.5
37.6
40.1
38.2
39.2
65.5
CARS DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DON
IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
19SO
1991
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
F-25
Table F-25 Average Meet Characteristics for
Passenger Car*, 1975 to 1993
Ycic Weight Vot. QJspj FE City Hiwav 55/4jg
Using Each Year's Actual Nix
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
.1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
199S
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
4058.
4059.
3944.
3588.
3485.
3101.
3076.
3054.
3112.
3099.
3093.
3041.
3031.
3047.
3099.
3179.
3153.
3223.
3234.
Using
4169.
4109.
3922.
3588.
3508.
3277.
3177.
3166.
3182.
3231.
3153.
3128.
3147.
3158.
3201.
3295.
3295.
3330.
332S.
Using
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
3587.
288.
287.
110.9 279.
109.5 251.
109.4 238.
104.7 188.
107.0 182.
106.6 175.
109.2 182.
108.0 179.
108.6 177.
107.8 167.
107.1
162.
108.5 160.
108.2 163.
107.6 164.
107.3 163.
108.4 168.
108.4 169.
13.7 19.5
15.2 21.3
16.0 22.3
17.2 24.5
17.7 24.6
20.3 29.0
21.7 31.1
22.3 32.7
22.1
32.7
22.4 33.3
23.0 34.3
23.7 35.5
23.9 35.9
24.2 36.6
23.8 36.3
23.4 35.9
23.6 36.3
23.2 36.2
23.5 36.6
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.7
28.0
27.7
28.0
Constant (1978) Six* Class Mix
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
109.
301.
292.
277.
251.
241.
209.
194.
189.
192.
195.
187.
180.
178.
176.
178.
178.
179.
180.
179.
13.3 19.0
15.0 21.1
16.1
22.4
17.2 24.5
17.6 24.5
19.4 27.9
21.1
30.6
21.7 32.0
21.6 32.0
21.3 31.9
22.5 33.9
22.9 35.0
22.9 35.1
23.4 35.9
22.9 35.4
22.4 35.1
22.6 35.5
22.5 35.6
22.8 36.0
15.3
17.3
18.4
19.9
20.1
22.5
24.6
25.3
25.3
25.0
26.5
27.1
27.2
27.7
27.2
26.8
27.0
27.0
27.3
Constant (1978) Height Nfx
237.
235.
104.0 238.
109.0 251.
110.0 250.
112.9 246.
114.7 241.
116.7 235.
117.2 233.
117.1 232.
118.6 231.
118.4 230.
118.2 228.
116.3 225.
115.9 220.
112.2 217.
112.9 216.
114.8 210.
115,0 209.
15.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
19.
18.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.6
23.5
24.2
24.3
24.1
25.7
27.4
28.2
28.5
28.7
29.7
30.4
30.8
31.8
31.8
31.9
32.3
21.2 33.7
21.5 34.2
17.7
19.3
20.0
19.9
19.8
20.7
21.9
22.3
22.3
22.4
23.1
23.3
23.8
24.5
24.5
24.4
24.6
25.5
25.8
-------
F-26
Table F-26 Avcrag* Flt«t Chtr»et»p<«t1c« for
Light Duty Truck*, 1975 to 1W3
Yctc W«ight Plspl FE City Hi nay §5/45
Using Each Ytar't Actual Hix
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
4072.
4155.
4135.
4151.
•4252.
3869.
3806.
3806.
3763.
3782.
3795.
3738.
3713.
3841.
3921.
4005.
3949.
4122.
4125.
311.
319.
318.
314.
298.
248.
247.
243.
231.
224.
224.
211.
210.
227.
234.
237.
228.
243.
244.
U«in0 Constant
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
1981
1962
1963
1964
1965
1986
1967
1988
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
4089.
4131.
4142.
4151.
4334.
4130.
4023.
4088.
4160.
4075.
4136.
4148.
4134.
4237.
4263.
4263.
4242.
4411.
4301.
313.
315.
319.
314.
308.
278.
272.
275.
277.
266.
270.
263.
263.
278.
280.
278.
272.
283.
272.
12.1
12.8
14.0
13.8
13.4
16.5
17.8
18.1
18.3
17.9
18.0
18.8
18.8
18.3
18.1
17.8
18.3
17.5
17.7
16.2
16.9
18.1
17.5
16.8
21.9
23.9
24.4
25.2
24.6
24.9
25.9
26,1
26.*
25, s
25.2
26.6
25.7
26.3
(1978) Slzs Cla
12.1
12.9
14.0
13.8
13.2
15.5
16.7
16.8
16.5
16.5
16.3
16.8
16.7
16.5
16.3
16.4
16.6
16.2
16.8
Usinf Constant (1978)
197S
197*
197T
1978
197*
I960
1981
1982
1983
1964
1989
1966
1967
1988
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
4131.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
4151.
315.
317.
319.
314.
295.
280.
279.
280.
273.
270.
268.
259.
255.
258.
256.
250.
242.
242.
. 244.
11.9
12.8
14.0
13.8
13.8
15.5
16.3
16.7
16.7
16.3
16.4
17.0
16.9
17.2
17.2
17.3
17.5
17.5
17.7
16.2
17.1
18.1
17.3
16.5
20.6
22.5
22.6
22.6
22.5
22.2
22.9
23.1
23.4
23.2
23.8
24.1
23.8
24.9
Might
15.7
16.9
18.1
17.5
17.4
20.6
21.9
22.4
22.8
22.5
22.6
23.4
23.7
24.4
24.6
25.0
25.4
25.6
26.1
13.7
14.4
1S.6
1S.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
211.4
*11 .6
'J.2
a.f
•3.7
.-1,3
20.4
20.8
•a Ntlx
13.*
14.3
1!l.6
1!J.2
14.4
17.3
18.9
19.0
111.8
111.7
18.5
19.1
19.0
19.0
18.8
19.1
19.3
18.9
19.7
NtX
13.3
14.4
15.*
15.2
15.2
17.4
18.4
18.8
19.0
18.6
18.7
19.4
19.4
19.8
19.9
20.1
20.4
20.4
20.7
-------
G-l
Car and Truck Sales by Size Class
Sato* Fraction
100%
75%
50%
Larga Van/Utility
Small Pickups
Larga Pickups
25%
Small Van/Utility
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
Modal Yaar
Figure Qi
Sales Fraction by Car Class
Salaa Fraction
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
Ffgur* G2
-------
G-2
MPG for Four Car Classes
Subcompact * Compact • Midsize Sedans * Large Sedans —All Cars
35
Av«rag« MPG
30- -
25-
20-
15-
10
74 76 78 80 82 84 88 88 90 92 94
Y««r
Flgur* Q3
Inertia Weight for Four Car Classes
Large Sedans • Midsize * Compact * Subcompact —All Cars
6000
5000
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
2000
Figure Q4
-------
G-3
Top Speed for Four Car Classes
Subcompact * Compact • Midsize Sedans * Large Sedans —All Cars
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
Top Sp««d (MPH)
100
T T
74 70 78 80 82 84 88 88 90 92 94
Modal Year
Flgur* OS
0 to 60 Time for Four Car Classes
Large Sedan • Midsize Sedan * Compact * Subcompact —All Cars
18
18
14
13
12
0 to 80 Tim* (S«c.)
11
10
74 78 78 80 82 84 88 88 90 92 94
Model Y««r
Flgur* <*•
-------
G-4
TABLE G-1 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CMS
TWO-SEATER
MODEL
YEA*
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1983
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
244
203
221
191
256
200
162
263
137
348
335
303
282
'203
113
177
177
94
170
FRAC
.030
.021
.020
.017
.024
.021
.019
.034
.017
.033
.031
.028
.026
.019
.011
.020
.021
.012
.019
' FUEL
CITY
16.7
16.5
17.2
16.6
17.0
17.3
18.9
21.9
20.4
22.5
22.8
23.8
23.1
23.0
22.6
23.4
24.7
22.0
25.4
ECONOMY
HVY 55/45
25.0
24.6
25.0
24.4
25.6
26.7
27.0
32.7
29.9
34.6
34.5
34.3
35.7
3S.7
35.0
35.4
36.7
34.0
37.8
19.7
19.4
20.0
19.4
20.1
20.6
21.9
25.7
23.9
26.7
26.9
28.1
27.5
27.4
26.9
27.7
29.0
26.1
29.8
UCHT
LI
3015
3032
3062
3079
3026
2954
3005
2726
2756
2886
2826
2915
2920
2940
3030
2979
2890
3089
2904
VOL
CU-FT
SO.O
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
ENGINE
CIO HP
173
187
183
187
180
180
202
146
146
174
158
166
167
170
198
164
149
185
153
125
136
134
143
128
121
142
106
115
121
123
130
134
138
160
160
151
187
168
0-60
TIME
12.6
12.1
12.4
11.8
12.2
12.3
10.6
13.0
11.8
12.1
11.7
11.7
11.5
11.2
10.2
10.3
10.8
10.0
10.0
TOP
SPEEI)
116.11
120.1)
119.1
122.2
117.6
115.11
124.2
112.0
116.0
116.6
118.1
119.4
120.9
122.il
129.A
129.7
127.1)
137.9
133.9
HP/
CIO
.764
.752
.755
.795
.735
.702
.758
.734
.778
.717
.806
.818
.830
.849
.891
1.019
1.041
1.040
1.155
HP/
WT
.0406
.0429
.0421
.0446
.0411
.0400
.0469
.0377
.0411
.0410
.0425
.0430
.0442
.0455
.0509
.0511
.0492
.0569
.0548
TOM
-HPG
29.5
29.4
30.7
29.9
30.6
30.8
33.2
35.7
33.2
39.7
39.1
41.9
41.5
41.8
42.4
42.1
42.9
40.9
44.5
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON -HPG
1032
1002
1039
1058
1125
1337
1216
1423
1443
1504
1487
1505
1508
1484
1573
1417
1608
1534
1495
. 1528
1539
1660
1784
1660
1983
1955
2097
2074
2091
2121
2103
2146
2045
2227
PERCENT Of TUO-SEATERS:
YEAX
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981 *
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DR1VETRAIM
FRONT 4UD
47.8
17.1
17.9
25.0
29.8
32.7
41.9
32.6 16.5
31.3
35.2
17.3 .7
49.9 .5
TRANSNI
MANUAL
74.6
70.5
70.5
71.8
72.8
74.0
61.3
69.2
81.0
60.4
67.4
62.4
64.0
62.1
51.5
6*v9
tg>t
Sttt
69.9
SSIOM
LOCK
13.6
20.1
9.5
4.5
33.7
26.3
30.7
28.5
27.4
36.*
27.2
21.S
24.2
22.3
FUEL
FI
42.4
37.1
40.2
46.9
31.5
34.4
55.4
32.8
40.3
73.6
64.9
81.7
85.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
NETERI
Til
9.5
53.1
11.6
11.7
14.6
26.1
14.2
11.5
18.7
14.3
10.0
N8
PORT
42.4
37.1
40.2
46.9
31.5
34.4
55 .4
23.3
40.3
20.5
53.3
70.0
71.
73.
85.
88.
81.
85.7
90.0
CAM DSL
57.6
62.9
59.8
53.1
68.5
65.6
44.6
67.2
59.7
26.4
35.1
18.3
14.1
OESIffl
DOM
16.4
22.9
22.3
22.7
18.6
17.6
23.4
57.3
17.1
57.0
37.1
46.7
36.1
36.3
30.7
19.0
13.0
22.5
13.6
MBB
EUR .
50.1
49.3
SO.O
44.0
36.8
36.9
23.4
6.7
9.6
3.8
4.8
6.9
7.2
8.1
14.4
7.2
8.4
15.3
8.1
ASIA
33.6
27.8
27.7
33.3
44.6
49.5
53.2
36.0
73.3
39.3
58.1
46.4
56.7
53.6
54.8
73.8
78.6
62.0
76.3
-------
G-5
TABLE G-2 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
MI HICOMPACT SEDAX
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
941
913
915
901
436
383
227
178
156
42
73
176
71
43
28
76
95
102
106
FRAC
.114
.094
.081
.081
.040
.041
.026
.023
.020
.004
.007
.016
.007
.004
.003
.009
.011
.013
.012
* FUEL
CITY
19.6
22.4
24.2
24.1
24.1
24.5
30.6
31.7
31.5
21.6
31.1
26.1
26.2
26.8
23.0
22.4
24.5
26.6
26.5
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
29.3
32.3
34.4
32.8
33.7
34.3
40.1
41.5
42.7
32.9
44.8
39.1
38.7
38.7
33.7
33.5
35.9
38.5
38.3
23.0
26.0
27.9
27.4
27.6
28.1
34.3
35.5
35.7
25.6
36.0
30.7
30.7
31.1
26.9
26.3
28.6
10.8
30.8
WCHT
IB
2721
2688
2544
2583
2450
2458
2164
2193
2273
2855
2300
2407
2636
2619
2866
3019
2912
2737
2753
VOL
CU-FT
78.8
79.1
79.7
82.8
82.6
82.7
82.0
75.9
79.2
80.5
77.2
77.9
77.2
80.7
75.5
80.1
80.0
ENGINE
CIO HP
123
f24
116
120
113
116
92
95
99
151
114
113
128
128
146
148
127
112
112
82
80
83
83
77
78
67
70
77
141
95
104
130
129
148
145
137
120
121
0-60
TIME
15.2
ts.t
14.0
14.1
14.4
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.2
10.5
13.4
12.8
11.3
11.7
10.7
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.2
TOP
SPEED
192.4
102.1
104.9
104.6
103.1
103.2
101.2
101.9
104.1
125.3
110.7
113.9
122.6
122.0
127.9
125.0
123.2
118.8
118.7
HP/
CIO
.669
.673
.756
.730
.689
.675
.723
.727
.754
.927
.818
.881
.985
.954
.985
.969
1.076
1.079
1.080
HP/
WT
.0298
.0297
.0326
.0322
.0312
.0314
.0307
.0311
.0327
.0484
.0380
.0403
.0469
.0462
.0504
.0475
.0464
.0437
.0435
TON
-MM
32.1
35.3
36.1
35.9
34.0
34.7
37.6
39.6
41.5
37.0
44.2
39.4
42.4
43.4
39.2
39.8
41.9
42.3
42.5
CU-FT OI-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2297
2256
2239
2385
2909
3065
3094
2017
3406
2903
2721
2877
2157
2146
2184
2512
2506
2839
•2346
2718
2875
3105
3287
3412
2812
3518
3176
3300
3411
3051
3216
3164
3390
3402
PERCENT OP MINICOMPACT SEDAN:
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERINO
F! Til PORT CAR! DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980 *
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
19.6
22.1
25.4
22.3
44.8
47.2
83.2
80.4
81.8
30.6
67.7
54.6
54.9
62.4
62.4 3.5
11.4
50.9
69.3 .3
69.7 .5
67.7
, 63.5
70.6
63.0
73.4
60.0
81.2
80.8
80.9
84.3
86.1
82.7
81.9
76.6
6».J
61.6
59.S
52.S
55.7
.2
.2
.1
5.1
3.9
8.3
16.1
32.1
36.3
44.0
40.7
11.5
4.5
1.9
1.5
3.4
1.6
1.0
6.4
20.6
92.6
46.9
52.2
85.9
77.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.5
4.5
1.9
1.5
3.4
1.6
1.0
6.4
20.6
92.6
46.9
52.2
85.9
77.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
88.5
95.5
98.1
98.5
96.6
98.4
99.0
93.6
79.4
7.4
53.1
47.8
14.1
23.0
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIA
55.6 13.6 30.8
53.6 7.1 39.3
19.2 5.7 75.1
36.5 4.6 58.9
39.4 6.6 54.0
47.0
9.5 43.5
5.9 94.1
.1 19.9 80.0
.2 21.4 78.4
.2 96.9 2.9
.1
49.5 50.4
43.S 56.2
69.4 30.6
62.7 37.3
74.6 25.4
20.6 79.4
10.7 89.3
8.6 91.4
8.4 91.6
-------
G-6
TAiLE G-3 CHARACTERISTIC* Of 197*1 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
SUiCONPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
197S
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1984
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1011
1368
1577
2056
3044
3552
2712
2329
196t
2545
2181
23.7*
2088
2143
1950
1974
2303
1942
2069
FRAC
.123
.141
.140
.184
.282
.376
.311
.298
.244
.231
.202
.216
.195
.200
.195
.223
.270
.249
.227
-RXL
CITY
16.6
19.3
20.9
21.5
21.1
23.7
25.8
25.3
25.9
25.4
25.9
26.4
26.8
27.8
26.9
27.4
27.0
27.0
26.8
HW
23.8
27.0
28.9
30.0
29.3
32.9
35.0
35.5
37.2
36.9
37.4
37.9
38.4
39.2
38.6
38.5
39.3
39.6
39.9
IT
55/45
19.2
22.2
23.9
24.6
24.1
27.1
29.3
29.1
30.0
29.6
30.1
30.6
31.1
32.0
31.2
31.5
31.4
31.5
31.5
UGHT
LI
3242
3033
2966
2842
2847
2640
2604
2657
2687
2737
2734
2764
2728
2668
2748
2762
2779
2805
2851
VOL
CU-FT
90.7
89.7
90.4
89.9
90.3
91.8
93.3
93.3
93.9
94.7
92.7
93.2
93.1
94.5
94.8
93.3
94.1
ENGII
CIO
206
181
174
159
155
128
124
133
136
140
136
136
128
122
129
117
124
124
128
WE
HP
107
97
98
93
94
82
81
86
90
97
100
100
99
99
104
108
111
119
122
0-60
TIME
14.2
14.7
14.2
14.4
14.2
14.7
14.7
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.4
13.4
13.7
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.3
11.9
11.8
TOP
SPEED
108.1
105.8
106.7
105.8
106.0
103.3
103.2
104.6
106.2
108.4
109.7
109.4
108.9
109.6
111.1
112.9
114.0
116.6
117.5
HP/
CIO
I
.585
.607
.633
.649
.659
.669
.676
.666
.693
.722
1
.760
.765
.775
.823
.852
.962
.938
.984
.972
HP/
WT
.0329
.0316
.0325
.0321
.0323
.0308
.0308
.0317
.0330
.0348
.0358
.0354
.0350
.0358
.0369
.0385
.0392
.0413
.0419
TON
-MP6
31.4
33.8
36.1
35.7
34.8
36.2
38.7
39.4
41.0
41.1
41.5
42.7
42.8
43.1
43.3
43.8
44.1
44.8
45.4
CU-FT
-NP6 1
2329
2387
2297
2523
2744
2792
2941
2883
2941
3018
2995
3116
3044
3067
3086
3068
3087
CU-FT-
'ON-MPG
3268
3201
3UO
3251
3491
3613
3829
3830
3901
4048
3965
4019
4034
4142
4180
4177
4270
PERCENT OF SUiCONPACT SEDANS
HOOfl DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
FU5L NETERINQ
FI Til PORT CARS DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
I960
1981 *
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
17.6
13.1
19.4
22.3
25.9
35.3
36.0
39.8
53.4
49.8
58.7
64.5
69.1
77.7
72.3
87.9
84.3
83.9
82.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
.4
.3
.2
.2
.5
.3
.1
.5
.2
.1
.4
.4
.5
.0
40.9
42.8
46.5
54.4
51.5
58.2
58.9
55.1
55.8
51.5
49.4
50.3
51.3
53.*
46.5
44F,f
m*
39.*
42.Z
31.5
fi.S
23.6
32.0
3S.1
34.1
34.0
39.4
46.0
4S.3
51.1
56.2
5A.O
50.2
8.9
3.1
12.5
11.7
7.3
10.9
12.1
18.1
24.2
31.9
33.9
41.4
47.0
50.9
6S.1
95.3
99.8
100.0
100.0
3.2
2.7
3.0
5.1
4.9
6.8
15.2
20.6
24.0
40.3
8.2
8.2
8.9
3.1
12.5
11.7
7.3
10.9
12.1
14.8
21.5
28.9
28.8
36.5
40.3
35.7
44.5
71.5
59.6
91.7
91.8
91.1
96.9
86.3
86.6
91.3
85.6
82.4
77.8
74.6
66.3
65.9
58.5
52.9
49.1
34.9
4.5
.2
1
1
1
3
5
4
1
1
.2
.8
.5
.4
.5
.1
.2
.7
.2
.1
.1
DESIQ
DON
55.9
55.9
53.6
45.5
58.2
45.9
36.8
33.6
32.3
39.5
35.7
32.9
25.1
20.7
24.9
14.7
30.6
27.2
30.3
«EO
EUR ,
22.8
17.0
19.7
20.0
10.3
13.6
10.9
9.9
8.2
10.9
6.8
3.8
10.1
8.4
5.5
4.1
3.1
4.0
4.2
ASIA
21.3
27.1
26.8
34.6
31.3
40.4
52.3
56.5
59.5
49.6
57.6
61.4
64.8
70.9
69.6
81.2
66.4
68.7
65.5
-------
G-7
TABLE G-4 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
COMPACT SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
19*85
1986
1987
1988 .
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1893
2557
2767
1482
668
690
976
1268
1456
2731
2929
3348
4012
4317
358S
2771
2472
2303
2745
FRAC
.230
.263
.245
.133
.062
.073
.112
.162
.182
.256
.271
.304
.374
.402
.358
.314
.290
.295
.302
.FUEL
CITY
14.3
15.5
15.8
17.5
17.1
19.4
23.0
24.7
24.7
25.6
25.7
25.7
25.5
25.6
25.6
24.7
24.6
24.5
25.1
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
19.3
21.0
21.4
24.7
23.5
27.6
33.5
37.0
36.2
36.9
37.2
37.2
37.3
37.6
37.3
36.7
36.6
37.0
37.7
16.2
17.5
17.9
20.2
19.5
22.4
26.7
29.0
28.8
29.7
29.8
29.8
29.7
29.9
29.9
29.0
28.9
28.9
29.5
UGHT
LB
3958
4025
4128
3552
3624
3184
2825
2794
2844
2798
2804
2819
2836
2889
2886
2984
2984
3015
3007
VOL
CU-FT
107.3
105.1
105.3
106.2
104.3
102.9
103.2
103.1
103.1
103.2
102.8
103.6
102.8
103.3
104.5
104.2
104.1
ENGINE
CIO HP
287
289
291
236
246
186
142
128
141
136
138
137
135
136
130
138
137
140
139
129
125
131
113
117
102
91
86
91
90
98
98
100
106
108
118
121
125
122
0-60
TIME
14.6
15.2
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.2
14.6
14.4
14.3
13.3
13.5
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.1
11.9
12.0
TOP
SPEED
110.0
108.2
109.5
107.9
108.5
107.2
105.9
104.1
105.3
105.5
108.7
108.6
109.3
111.2
112.0
114.9
116.0
117.4
116.5
PERCENT OF COMPACT SEDAN:
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI T8I PORT CAR! DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981 .
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
2.4
2.5
2.3
17.8
13.6
56.8
81.4
84.8
74.7
82.0
85.3
86.6
90.5
91.2
95.8
95.5
95.1
96.9
95.4
5.8
2.1
1.9
2.2
.8
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.8
1.5
.4
.3
8.1
6.3
4.4
10.0 16.3
9.0
14.
32.
34.
32.
28.
28.
28.
29.
25.
6.7
5.8
39.7
42.4
41.0
42.8
50.0
49.3
59.0
26.1 56.2
19JI 63.6
21.5 65.5
29.7 62.7
20.* 67.8
4.4
3.6
3.8
9.1
14.8
10.8
8.0
21.5
50.6
54.0
70.8
76.4
74.6
91.4
94.9
99.9
99.6
99.8
99.9
13.1
37.4
32.4
46.9
43.4
42.2
42.7
40.0
33.2
17.2
9.8
8.4
4.4
3.6
3.8
9.1
14.8
10.8
8.0
8.3
13.2
21.6
24.0
33.0
32.4
48.7
54.9
66.7
82.4
90.0
91.5
94.6
95.4
95.1
88.8
77.2
80.9
86.0
73.2
45.1
43.1
26.7
22.9
25.1
8.6
5.0
1.0
.9
1.1
2.2
8.0
8.4
6.0
5.3
4.4
2.8
2.4
.7
.3
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
HP/
CIO
.454
.434
.452
.506
.495
.577
.671
.695
.677
.687
.727
.735
.759
.794
.837
.857
.885
.898
.888
HP/
UT
.0322
.0307
.0315
.0318
.0321
.0324
.0325
.0310
.0318
.0321
.0347
.0346
.0351
.0365
.0372
.0393
.0402
.0412
.0405
TON
-MPG
32.5
35.5
37.1
36.0
35.7
36.1
37.9
40.7
41.2
41.9
42.2
42.4
42.4
43.4
43.3
43.4
43.4
43.8
44.5
CU-FT
-MPG 1
1946
2163
2095
2438
2852
3035
3051
3134
3155
3143
3110
3147
3110
3027
3072
3055
3112
CU-FT-
rON-MPG
3986
3782
3761
3830
3959
4193
. 4259
4319
4356
4372
4359
4500
4452
4484
4542
4565
4&3S
OESIQ
DON
94.4
96.5
96.6
92.3
81.5
79.1
86.0
81.4
77.3
81.4
71.7
65.3
52.6
59.2
53.7
53.2
46.4
56.0
52.7
KO
EUR i
5.6
3.5
3.4
7.7
18.5
20.9
14.0
13.7
12.7
6.7
11.0
9.6
7.4
5.1
6.0
5.9
6.2
5.0
5.1
MIA
4.9
10.0
11.9
17.3
25.2
40.0
35.7
40.3
40.9
47.4
39.0
42.2
-------
G-8
TAKE G-5 CHARACTERISTICS Of 197% TO 1993 PASSENGER CAMS
MIDSIZE SEDAN
HOOIL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1961
1962
1963
1964
196S
1966
1967
196S
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1631
196*
2226
3339
3211
2967
2902
2136
2269
2770
2777
2666
2292
2113
2591
2339
2114
1949
2213
FRAC
.198
.202
.197
.299
.297
.316
.332
.273
.284
.260
.257
.242
.210
.197
.259
.265
.24S
.250
.243
FUH
"CITT
11.7
13.6
14.3
16.0
16.7
18.6
19.8
20.5
20.4
20.5
21.2
21.9
22.0
22.3
22.2
21.7
21.6
21.4
21.5
ECONOMY
HUV 55/45
16.9
19.4
20.2
23.0
23.2
26.9
28.6
30.5
30.3
30.6
31.9
33.4
33.6
35.1
35.3
35.1
34.8
34.5
34.7
13.6
15.7
16.4
18.6
19.1
21.6
22.9
24.0
23.9
24.1
24.9
25.9
26.0
26.7
26.6
26.2
26.0
25.8
26.0
WGHT
LI
4630
4558
4473
3820
3710
3362
3346
3321
3316
3318
3318
3241
3247
3293
3314
3449
3412
3515
3504
VOL
CU-FT
112.9
113.0
113.1
113.2
113.9
113.9
113.3
113.7
113.6
113.3
113.7
113.4
113.6
113.7
113.5
113.9
113.8
ENGINE
CIO HP
353
343
332
292
272
228
220
211
212
210
205
194
188
183
181
187
191
191
191
158
156
151
135
128
113
107
107
111
113
117
118
123
129
131
140
146
151
157
0-60
TIME
13.9
13.8
13.9
13.4
13.6
13.8
14.2
14.2
13.8
13.6
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.2
12.0
11.5
11.5
11.2
TOP
SPEED
114.6
114.3
113.5
113.3
111.8
109.5
107.6
107.8
109.3
110.0
111.5
112.5
114.4
115.9
116.8
118.7
121.3
121.8
123.9
PERCENT Of MIDSIZE SEDANS
HOWL ORIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4UO MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERINO
Fl Til PORT CAM
DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
2.7
2.5
2.1
1.4
5.2
30.2
32.3
44.7
48.9
55.1
61.9
71.0
77.3
87.0
86.5
85.2
87.2
80.0
81.8
••
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.6
.4
.3
1.7
1.9
7.8
5.6
2.0
1.2
.9
1.3
1.3
1.5
3.8
4.7
3.9
r.«
4.*
3.2
11.1
21.4
25.3
52.2
82.6
80.0
82.0
7T.6
76.4
7T.6
9t.1
9f.7
95.9
94.5
94.3
95.*
.7
.6
.7
1.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
15.6
17.7
29.4
50.1
67.7
84.1
94.9
99.1
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
1.5
2.3
15.4
17.2
25.6
37.1
42.3
43.4
28.0
21.0
13.4
11.2
8.1
3.5
.7
.6
.7
1.4
2.3
1.0
.1
.2
.5
3.8
13.0
25.4
40.7
66.9
78.3
86.6
88.7
91.9
96.5
99.3
99.4
99.3
98.6
96.3
94.9
93.7
80.7
80.6
69.7
49.6
32.1
15.3
5.1
.7
1.4
2.5
4.0
3.8
1.7
1.0
.3
.2
.4
.1
HP/
CIO
.447
.454
.454
.464
.474
.512
.509
.529
.544
.563
.606
.640
.684
.718
.735
.757
.773
.803
.830
HP/
WT
.0341
.0340
.0337
10353
.0345
.0336
.0322
.0324
.0336
.0342
.0354
.0364
.0379
.0389
.0396
.0406
.0428
.0428
.0445
TON
-MM
31.9
36.1
37.1
35.5
35.6
36.5
38.5
40.2
39.9
40.2
41.5
42.1
42.3
44.0
44.2
45.3
44.5
45.4
45.6
CU-FT
-MPG 1
1880
2139
2197
2478
2645
2785
2770
2780
2873
2978
2993
3057
3049
3001
2973
2955
2974
OJ-FT-
rON-NPG
4186
4015
4023
4132
4393
4576
4542
4565
4714
4786
4817
4995
5027
5153
5050
5177
5188
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIA
99.3
99.8
99.7
99.8
99.5
99.5
99.9
99.8
99.3
97.3
96.S
95.6
95.3
87.8
85.6
82.5
82.3
71.6
71.9
.7
.2
.3
.2
.5
.5
.1
.2
.7
2.7
3.5
4.4
4.7
3.6
3.8
4.1
3.5
3.0
3.4
6.5
10.7
13.4
14.1
25.4
24.7
-------
G-9
TABLE G-6 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
LARGE SEDAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1985
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1555
1679
2319
2048
2111
963
956
832
1079
1236
1512
1267
1218
1303
1289
1122
1012
1070
1423
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.189
.173
.205
.183
.196
.102
.109
.106
.135
.116
.140
.115
.113
.121
.129
.127
.118
.137
.156
CITT HWY 55/45
11.3 16.2
12.3 17.2
13.8 19.5
14.5 20.9
15.2 21.1
16.3 24.1
17.1 26.7
17.4 26.9
16.9 26.4
17.2 26.9
18. 29.8
19. 32.7
19. 32.8
19. 33.2
19. 33.0
19.2 32.5
19.3 32.6
19.2 32.5
19.8 33.3
13.1
14.2
15.9
16.8
17.4
19.1
20.4
20.7
20.2
20.5
22.3
23.9
23.9
24.2
24.0
23.5
23.6
23.5
24.3
WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
L8 CU-FT CIO HP TINE
5142 409 180 13.5
5156 410 180 13.4
4482 128.1 366 165 12.8
4394 128.5 357 162 12.8
4210 130.0 339 154 12.9
4130 130.9 314 137 14.0
4108 131.0 304 133 14.3
4034 131.0 292 135 13.9
4041 131.3 292 140 13.4
4022 130.9 294 140 13.4
3841 129.3 279 143 12.7
3719 127.4 260 147 12.1
3696 127.0 259 149 11.8
3730 128.1 262 150 11.9
3721 127.4 261 158 11.4
3804 126.7 260 161 11.4
3893 129.0 264 178 10.7
3893 129.3 264 182 10.5
3868 128.8 259 182 10.5
TOP
SPEED
117.3
117.4
!1S.O
117.7
116.4
111.6
110.7
112.0
113.4
113.6
115.8
118.6
119.6
119.7
122.4
122.8
127.5
HP/
CIO
439
440
453
457.
454
440
444
46B
481
478
512
577
587
587
619
635
685
128.9 .702
128.8 .714
HP/
WT
.0348
.0349
.0370
.9370
.0365
.0331
.0325
.0337
.0347
.0349
.0371
.0396
.0405
.0405
.0427
.0427
.0459
.0470
.0470
TON
-MP6
33.9
36.6
35.7
37.2
36,8
39.8
42.6
42.1
40.9
41.3
42.9
44.5
44.1
45.2
44.7
44.7
46.0
45.8
47.0
CU-FT
-MPG
2065
2193
2279
2526
2712
2730
2657
2688
2887
3055
3036
3111
3064
2988
3053
3051
3138
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4573
4775
4783
5213
5571
5517
5370
5407
5543
5672
5599
5793
5696
5671
5941
5930
6053
OF LARGE SEDAN:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.1
31.9
55.9
60.9
58.7
61.9
67.2
59.8
58.4
60.1
4UD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
2.5
6.5
41.6
89.8
93.1
99.9
99.9
100.0
.7 99.2
.5 99.5
.4 99.6
.3 99.7
.2 99.8
.4 99.6
.4 97.9
.2 98.4
FUEL
FI
1.2
.5
.2
.2
2.0
17.1
20.1
37.3
39.0
64.0
81.2
85.
89.
97.
99.
100.
99.
99.
METERINO
Til PORT CAR8 DSL
100.0
1.2 98.8
.5 99.5
.2 98.5 1.4
.2 96.4 3.5
2.0 87.5 10.4
17.1 67.7 15.2
20.1 69. 10.0
37.3 60. 2.4
39.0 60. .8
44.9 19.1 35. .3
15.8 65.4 18.
15.2 69.9 14.
12.6 76.9 10.
22.2 74.8 3.0
8.5 90.4 1.0
16.7 83.3
11.9 88.0 .1
10.5 89.4 .1
DESIGNED
DON EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2 .8
98.9 1.1
95.9 4.1
96.0 4.0
97.6 2.4
96.8 3.2
96.7 3.3
98.0 2.0
ASIA
-------
G-10
TAItE Q-7 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
477
345
384
361
310
310
418
382
531
461
496
348
361
253
159
160
209
155
219
FRAC
.058
.036
.034
.032
.029
.033
.048
.049
.066
.043
.046
.032
.034
.024
.016
.018
.024
.020
.024
-FUtt
CITY
19.3
20.7
22.4
21.4
22.5
25.1
26.2
26.5
28.2
27.6
28.3
27.1
26.8
27.5
27.5
25.5
26.2
25.6
26.3
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
27.7
29.4
30.6
29.3
31.2
34.6
36.6
37.6
39.1
39.4
39.7
37.6
37.4
37.6
38.3
36.2
38.0
37.3
38.7
22.4
23.9
25.5
24.3
25.7
28.6
30.0
30.6
32.2
31.9
32.5
31.0
30.7
31.3
31.5.
29.4
30.5
29.8
30.7
WGHT
L8
2833
2902
2801
2805
2711
2591
2531
2580
2565
2620
2579
2647
2795
2757
2766
3026
3005
3104
2988
VOL
CU-FT
108.0
108.0
105.1
108.2
110.6
112.2
108.2
116.5
117.7
118.4
120.0
118.7
118.6
122.2
123.3
124.0
122.4
ENGINE
CIO HP
128
136
134
134
123
113
108
109
105
107
106
113
116
113
112
120
120
121
123
87
86
85
90
81
75
79
75
74
77
78
82
91
93
96
110
106
113
107
0-60
TIME
14.8
15.2
14.9
14.3
15.1
15.4
14.4
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.2
14.7
14.2
13.7
13.5
12.9
13.3
13.0
13.1
TOP
SPEED
104.0
103.0
103.5
105.3
102.1
100.9
103.4
100.8
100.8
101.6
102.1
103.3
105.8
107.0
108.1
111.3
109.8
111.3
110.7
PERCENT OP SNAIL WACOMJ
MOOiL ORIVITRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4WO MANUAL LOCK
FUEL NETERIN8
PI TBI PORT CAM OSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981 -
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
13.3
12.2
23.3
23.0
13.3
24.4
57.9
68.3
55.4
81.4
60.0
78.4
76.6
80.2
89.9
68.3
79.1
90.4
88.7
12.1
9.8
8.0
8.9
39.3
15.6
39.6
20.7
23.4
19.8
10.1
31.7
20.9
9.6
10.2
48.6
42.8
52.9
56.3
59.3
67.3
62.0
54.0
64.7
43.7
59.1
43.3
34.4
37.8
26.*
S*.*-
26*4-
?ffi8>
ar.r
4.6
8.1
19.4
23.7
39.2
42.2
29.0
41.0
34.*
51.8
5t.ft
74.1
69.0
70.1
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
5.6
20.7
37.3
21.7
31.0
71.8
93.4
89.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
17.0
32.2
15.4
24.3
42.6
62.8
48.8
40.*
20.0
10.1
15.6
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
4.8
3.7
5.1
6.2
6.8
29.2
30.6
41.0
59.4
80.0
89.9
84.4
99.2
96.8
93.0
93.1
99.0
92.5
93.9
93.3
79.0
61.1
77.8
68.2
28.2
6.6
10.3
.6
6.3
2.2
1.2
.3
1.6
.5
.8
HP/
CIO
HP/
ur
TON
-MPG
SMALL WAGON
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
.713 .0307
.66$ .0297
.685 .0305
.709 .0319
.684 .0295
.685 .0289
.753 .0313
.698 .0289
.713 .0289
.719 .0294
.727 .0300
.730 .0308
.788 .0324
.829 .0336
.862 .0344
.920 .0361
.880 .0350
.927 .0360
.871 .0358
32.1
35.0
36.2
34.6
35.0
37.6
38.2
39.6
41.5
42.1
42.2
41.3
43.2
43.3
43.7
44.6
46.0
46.3
46.0
2824
2692
2742
3175
33S6
3463.
3507
3762
3870
3729
3733
3748
3769
3631
3807
3737
3798
3897
3732
3682
4068
4228
4447
4483
4905
4963
4895
5184
5140
5185
5455
5666
5749
5631
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIA
34.
49.
37.
33.
32.
19.
41.
44.
35.
53.
35.
49.
35.
34.
36.
21.
43.
33.
48.
• 1C
7 !
4 ;
7 S
5 1
2 i
& I
9
0 .
4
2
1
1
3r i
31 ;
0 '
r
i
31
1.9 54.3
(.2 45.1
'.2 55.4
>.6 56.7
.4 6*.1
k.7 74.1
(.5 54.8
.8 53.3
.1 64.0
.4 45.2
.4 63.4
.2 49.*
.8 AJ.1
1.5 58.9
1.0 61 .S
1.2 77.8
56.3
6*.7
1.5 50.2
-------
G-ll
TABLE G-8 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
289
485
548
503
482
257
272
284
276
365
341
409
359
285
239
185
122
167
125
FRAC
.035
.050
.048
.045
.045
.027
.031
.036
.034
.034
.032
.037
.033
.027
.024
.021
.014
.021
.014
FUEL
CITY
11.4
14.0
14.4
16.3
16.9
18.4
20.2
20.6
21.2
21.6
21.6
22.1
21.7
22.0
21.4
21.0
21.4
21.3
21.4
ECONOMY
HUY 55/45
16.5
19.4
19.6
22.6
22.9
25.8
28.0
28.9
29.9
31.0
31.6
33.1
33.0
34.4
33.8
33.9
34.7
35.1
33.5
13.2
16.0
16.3
18.6
19.1
21.1
23.1
23.7
24.4
25.0
25.2
26.0
25.6
26.2
25.6
25.3
25.9
25.9
25.6
UGHT
LI
4791
4555
4410
3836
3758
3534
3285
3384
3348
3298
3356
3355
3434
3378
3436
3497
3506
3509
3538
VOL
CU-FT
143.6
140.0
139.7
139.7
136.2
136.1
136.2
135.9
130.2
137.8
140.2
139.4
139.9
141.6
142.3
142.9
138.6
ENGINE
CID HP
361
315
297
258
249
228
193
205
200
172
170
162
173
171
176
181
181
190
176
162
142
135
123
118
107
103
108
109
107
112
115
125
126
132
139
140
142
156
0-60
TIH6
13.8
14.8
15.1
14.4
14.7
15.0
14.5
14.3
14.1
14.1
13.9
13.6
13.0
12.7
12.4
12.0
12.0
11.8
11.2
TOP
SPEED
114.7
110.3
109.0
109.2
108.1
106.0
106.6
107.6
108.0
107.7
109.2
110.2
113.2
114.1
115.7
117.7
118.2
119.0
123.3
PERCENT OF MIDSIZE WAGON:
MODEL ORIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERINO
FI Til PORT CAR! DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
35.6
28.2
32.8
69.9
69.5
82.2
83.9
87.7
77.5
81.2
79.6
75.5
63.8
4.5
2.1
.1
.7
8.2
.4
1.3
.4
.5
4.0
7.1
4.6
5.3
5.3
9.9
12.8
7.4
6.2
6.5
5.9
9.1
4.4
3.8
7.1
1.7
2.4
.9
1.1
17.2
9.1
43.8
28.5
62.6.
50.2
62.5
64.7
71.0
83.6
87.2
80.7
87.9
85.6
90.9
79.3
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
4.3
6.9
5.7
7.9
30.7
56.2
79.3
94.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.3
30.5
28.0
22.8
29.8
12.3
1.5
.7
.3
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
4.3
6.9
5.7
7.9
10.4
25.7
51.3
71.7
70.2
87.7
98.5
99.3
99.7
100.0
92.2
96.5
96.2
96.8
95.0
89.8
87.2
88.0
89.8
66.8
42.0
20.6
4.7
.2
.1
.3
.3
2.5
5.9
5.9
6.3
2.3
2.5
1.8
.2
.8
CIO
.473
.458
.459
.484
.480
.482
.562
.551
.568
.633
.679
.718
.735
.743
.765
.782
.794
.779
.911
HP/
WT
.0338
.0311
.0305
.0320
.0313
.0304
.0316
.0320
.0325
.0324
.0334
.0342
.0363
.0372
.0383
.0397
.0401
.0406
.0440
TOM
-MM
32.1
36.7
36.1
35.8
36.1
37.5
38.1
40.3
41.0
41.4
42.4
43.6
44.0
44.5
44.1
44.4
45.5
45.5
45.4
MIDSIZE
CU-FT
-Wfl T
2368
2630
2698
2985
3187
3265
3368
3428
3280
3592
3606
3677
3597
3592
3700
3708
3556
WAGON
OJ-fT-
QSt-ftPG
5190
5910
5045
5231
5187
5431
5586
5622
5531
6014
6182
6199
6177
6278
6483
6501
6289
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIA
91.7
96.4
96.2
96.7
96.4
93.6
91.2
90.8
90.5
88.1
83.2
76.2
84.9
82.3
76.3
79.0
77.0
69.2
41.7
8.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.6
6.4
8.8
9.2
9.5
11.9
11.4
11.1
11.3
13.9
15.6
21.0
23.0
14.2
25.7
5.4
12.7
3.8
3.7
8.0
16.7
32.6
-------
G-12
TAILE G-9 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1973 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
LARGE UAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981 •
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
197
207
340
293
275
102
108
146
130
176
145
120
88
75
63
31
34
30
28
FRAC
.024
.021
.030
.026
.026
.011
.012
.019
.016
.017
.013
.011
.001
.007
.006
.004
.004
.004
.003
FUEL
CITY
10.3
11.8
13.6
13.8
14.2
16.3
16.7
16.0
16.3
16.6
17.3
18.1
18.3
19.0
18.7
18.8
18.7
18.3
18.1
ECONOMY WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
HWV 55/45 L8 CU-FT CIO HP TIME
14.9
16.5
18.7
19.7
19.3
24.2
26.0
25.4
25.9
26.3
28.0
30.0
29.9
30.4
29.9
30.2
31.8
31.9
32.1
11.9 5453 410 181 14.0
13.5 5444 416 185 13.7
15.5 4713 163.1 365 161 13.6
15.9 4664 162.4 354 162 13.4
16.1 4466 162.5 333 155 13.4
19.1 4423 161.5 323 134 15.2
19.9 4394 161.4 312 131 15.3
19.2 4396 161.3 306 139 14.6
19.6 4379 161.6 307 142 14.1
19.9 4371 161.7 305 144 13.9
20.9 4354 161.7 305 153 13.2
22.0 4381 161.4 304 146 13.9
22.1 4348 161.8 304 143 14.0
22.8 4349 161.7 304 143 14.0
22.5 4334 161.8 304 143 13.9
22.7 4337 161.6 304 143 13.9
22.9 4402 169.1 304 177 11.9
22.7 4500 170.2 331 176 12.1
22.5 4500 169.3 340 178 12.0
TOP
SPEED
115.9
116.9
115.0
115.7
114.8
108.8
108.1
110.5
111.6
112.2
115.4
112.8
112.2
112.2
112.4
112.4
122.3
121.0
121.6
HP/
CIO
441
.445
.442
.460
.465
.418
.424
.456
.465
.472
.504
.479
.470
.470
.471
.471
.581
.533
.524
HP/
UT
.0333
.0340
.0342
.0348
.0346
.0304
.0299
.0316
.0325
.0330
.0354
.0334
.0330
.0330
.0332
.0332
.0404
.0391
.0395
TON
-MP8
32.7
36.9
36.9
37.3
36.1
43.2
44.7
42.6
43.0
43.6
45.6
48.3
48.2
49.7
48.8
49.2
50.4
51.0
50.6
CU-FT
-MPQ
2567
2601
2633
3152
3273
3130
3174
3227
3382
3558
3583
3691
3643
3664
3877
3858
3804
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
6008
6056
5672
6975
7199
6872
6944
7049
7360
7791
7789
8025
7887
7942
8535
8681
8560
Of LARGE UAGON:
DRlVtTRAIN
FRONT
4UD
•
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
,
*
LOCK
74.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL METERING
FI Til PORT CAR! DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6 1.4
100.0
73.3 26.7
.2 .2 74.6 25.2
89.0 11.0
24.1 24.1 71.3 4.6
25.8 25.8 72.7 1.5
29.2 29.2 70.4 .4
23.7 23.7 76.3
30.3 30.3 69.7
30.2 30.2 69.8
33.1 33.1 66.9
t
32.7 32.7 67.3
100.0 80.5 19.5
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
DESIGNED
DON EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
ASIA
1
.
-------
G-13
TABLE 6-10 CHARACTERISTICS OP 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
MODEL SALES FUEL ECONOMY UCHT
YEAR (000) FRAC CITY IIW 55/45 IB
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
217
227
306
339
459
489
449
591
875
905
886
1253
1108
1040
882
526.
803
596
328
.109
.087
.109
.104
.149
.262
.247
.309
.381
.271
.242
.288
.268
.228
.199
.138
.198
.135
.069
19.0
20.2
22.8
23.3
20.5
22.4
24.9
24.1
23.5
22.6
23.4
23.4
23.3
22.9
22.8
22.6
22.2
21.8
22.0
27.5
29.4
32.4
31.1
28.3
30.2
33.4
33.2
32.7
32.0
32.8
32.6
33.1
32.2
32.0
31.8
31.6
31.1
31.2
22.1
23.5
26.3
26.3
23.4
25.3
28.1
27.5
26.9
26.0
26.9
26.8
26.9
26.3
26.2
26.0
25.6
25.2
25.4
2821
2829
2820
2844
2832
2792
2822
2880
2978
3080
2974
3003
3018
3077
3133
3222
3240
3354
3175
PERCENT OF SMALL PICKUP:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
ENGINE
CIO
116
117
121
120
123
123
129
144
145
146
148
145
147
153
161
164
176
181
177
HP
88
90
91
88
84
86
83
93
92
93
98
101
103
106
112
124
124
132
128
0-60
TIME
14.7
14.6
14.2
14.7
14.9
14.5
15.2
14.3
14.5
14.9
14.0
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.0
12.3
12.5
12.1
11.9
TOP
SPEED
104.8
105.4
105.9
104.3
103.0
104.2
102.5
105.9
104.9
104.2
107.2
108.3
108.7
109.3
1.11.1
115.0
114.6
116.5
117.0
HP/
CIO
.762
.772
.756
.731
.692
.706
.647
.645
.641
.638
.663
.697
.695
.690
.704
.765
.715
.741
.738
SMALL
HP/
UT
.0315
.0320
.0325
.0310
.0300
.0311
.0295
.0322
.0311
.0302
.0330
.0337
.0340
.0343
.0356
.0385
.0381
.0393
.0403
PICKUP
TON
-MPG
31.3
33.5
37.5
37.8
33.8
35.'8
40.5
40.2
40.5
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.7
40.7
41.2
42.1
41.7
42.5
40.6
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
CARS OSL
DESIGNED
DON
IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
5.4
7.4
5.4
3.5
1.4
.1
.1
6.9
20.5
13.1
16.3
10.7
16.7
21.9
8.2
8.2
7.5
8.8
7.3
8.8
5.3
10,8
83.1
81.4
82.3
88.1
88.1
88.6
92.3
78.8
77.1
75.3
71.7
78.2
74.7
72.1
72.4
68.0
66.7
66.2
68.2
.1
15.J
10.7
14.4
22.
16.
18.
23.
23.
32.
33.
33.
31.
3.1
2.0
i .6
' .2
k
19.5
44.S
53.4
65.3
75.8
93.8
96.8
97.3
93.2
25.1
32.1
33.3
38.0
14.8
49.3
37.0
64.5
19.4
21.3
32.1
37.8
79.0
47.5
60.4
28.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.6
79.9
86.8
95.2
96.7
79.1
54.7
46.3
34.7
24.2
6.2
3.2
2.5
6.8
2
18
12
4
3
1
.3
.0
.7
.6
.2
.5
.7
.3
.7
38.5
52.8
55.1
52.6
35.7
44.0
61.2
55.7
66.4
80.0
78.7
64.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.3
61.5
47.2
44.9
47.4
64.3
56.0
38.8
44.3
33.6
20.0
21.3
35.1
-------
G-14
TMU C-11 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
MODEL SALES . FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
YEAR (000) FRAC CITY HUY 55/45 LI CIO HP TIME SPEED
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1964
1965
1966
1967
'1988
1969
1990
1991
1992
1993
1126
1639
1719
1928
1748
947
990
849
754
1138
1192
1279
1039
1418
1349
1308
1148
1514
1893
.567
.628
.609
.589
.566
.508
.544
.444
.328
.340
.325
.294
.251
.311
.304
.344
.284
.343
.400
11.5
12.4
13.4
13.3
13.1
15.4
16.7
16.8
16.2
16.6
16.4
16.8
16.9
16.4
16.3
16.3
16.9
16.3
16.9
15.7
16.3
17.2
16.8
16.2
20.5
22.5
22.6
22.1
22.5
22.2
22.8
23.1
23.3
23.2
23.9
24.6
24.0
25.2
13.1
13.9
14.9
14.7
14.3
17.4
18.9
19.0
18.4
18.8
18.6
19.1
19.2
19.0
18.8
19.2
19.6
19.0
19.9
4241
4301
4318
4326
4486
4227
4068
4151
4197
4048
4139
4133
4068
4221
4242
4212
4149
4349
4274
343
344
347
339
330
294
285
287
289
270
275
266
261
285
285
280
269
284
271
151
146
156
154
1*9
134
130
133
135
131
141
139
145
161
163
162
160
167
170
13.3
13.8
13.1
13.2
1V1
14.3
14.2
14.3
14.2
14.2
13.7
13.7
13.2
12.5
12.5
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.1
115.S
113.5
116.4
115.7
113.1
110.1
110.0
110.4
110.7
110.3
113.0
112.2
114.6
118.5
119.0
119.0
118.7
119.2
120.8
HP/
CIO
.438
.423
.449
.454
.452
.467
.464
.475
.479
.503
.533
.550
.578
.580
.586
.600
.617
.604
.645
LARGE
HP/
UT
.0358
.0341
.0363
.0357
.0334
.0318
.0321
.0322
.0323
.0324
.0341
.0335
.0355
.0380
.0383
.0384
.0384
.0382
.0396
PICKUP
TOM
-NPG
28.3
30.5
32.7
32.3
32-7
37.2
38.7
39.9
39.3
38.6
39.0
39.8
39.4
40.3
40.1
40.7
41.0
41.5
42.6
PERCENT Of LARGE PICKUP:
HCOfL DRIVETRAIN
YEAR FRONT 4UD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
1981
1982
1983
1984
1965
1966
1967
1968
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
16.1
23.8
25.2
30.5
10.5
25.2
.3 17.1
.1 22.6
. 28.4
27.0
38.2
41 .ft
44.8
42.8
43.0
St.*
3T.C-
3«it,
31.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERINO
FI Til PORT
33.0
32.9
27.7
28.5
27.3 1.7
43.4 33.3
42.0 39.9
36. 39.3
32.
38.
36.
3ft.
41.
35.
39.
36.
40.
31.
35.
48.1
41.0
41 .ft
44.0
39.4
49.9
53.1
57.0
57.0
65.9
62.3
1.7
13.3
33.2
64.8
97.1
99.0
93.8
96.7
97.9
9C.4
.5
10.2
31.9
59.3
59.7
52.1
49.7
40.1
35.8
23.0
32.9
37.9
39.4
41.7
47.0
57.8
62.6
CAR!
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6
96.9
94.9
97.8
91.4
95.9
96.0
85.6
66.3
34.9
2.6
.7
5.9
3.1
1.8
1.5
DSL
1.4
3*1
5.1
2.2
8.6
4.1
2.3
1.1
.5
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.1
DESIGNED
paw
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.6
94.9
91.8
92.1
80.6
85.7
81.6
82.0
38.3
87.6
79.7
75.7
82.0
85.6
IMPORT
6.4
5.1
8.2
7.9
19.4
14.3
18.4
18.0
11.7
12.4
20.3
24.3
18.0
14.4
-------
G-15
TABLE G-12 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
SMALL VAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES _
(000)
1
1
2
3
8
16
11
15
14
217
442
650
868
804
922
970
836
1020
1121
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.008
.006
.008
.006
.065
.121
.149
.210
.176
.208
.255
.207
.231
.237
CITY HW 55/45
18.0 25.3
16.8 25.8
19.1 27.6
17.4 24.5
16.5 22.6
16.3 23.9
16.3 22.3
19.7 24.9
17.4 23.5
21.9 29.2
20.7 28.2
20.1 28.5
20.0 28.7
19.8 29.1
19.8 28.9
19.4 28.7
19.4 28.4
19.0 28.2
19.5 29.3
20.7
19.9
22.2
20.0
18.7
19.0
18.5
21.7
19.7
24.7
23.5
23.2
23.2
23.1
23.1
22.8
22.6
22.3
22.9
WGHT
LI
3496
3500
3500
3500
3500
3618
3644
3668
3567
3380
3521
3671
3672
3816
3843
3934
4013
4052
3971
ENGINE
CID HP
109 67
120 67
120 67
120 67
120 67
120 67
120 67
111 61
118 69
136 94
169 109
181 115
185 133
194 140
191 138
197 140
197 142
201 146
201 150
0-60
TIME
21.0
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
23.
20.
15.
14.
14.
13.1
12.9
13.2
13.2
13.2
13.0
12.6
TOP
SPEED
91.8
91.8
91.8
91.8
91.8
91.3
91.2
89.1
92.2
102.6
106.8
107.7
114.1
115.2
114.2
114.4
114.3
115.2
117.3
HP/
CIO
.615
.558
.558
.558
.558
.558
.558
.550
.583
.694
.664
.651
.730
.732
.738
.721
.736
.733
.756
HP/
VT
.0192
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0186
.0185
.0168
.0194
.0281
.0310
.0313
.0362
.0366
.0358
.0357
.0354
.0360
.0378
TON
-HPfl
36.2
34.9
38.9
35.0
32.9
34.4
33.8
42.1
35.7
42.0
41.5
42.6
42.5
44.1
44.4
44.9
45.4
45.2
45.6
OP SMALL VAN:
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT
4.2
69.5
58.6
39.2
35.3
51.1
47.6
60.8
47.2
50.8
61.0
4UD
.7
2.1
12.7
1.1
1.0
8.5
13.5
21.T
9*3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
70.*
84.8
89.9
85.0
81.2
82.9
81.2
89.0
76.9
30.2 19.1
15.3 34.7
12.0 54.1
13.3 72.1
4.8 85.5
3.7 77.7
2.0 96.4
1.6 98.0
1.7 98.3
1.5 98.5
FUEL
FI
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.7
93.6
30.5
17.8
49.4
81.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
T8I PORT
26.1 23.3
23.6 58.3
36.0 64.0
34.1 65.9
34.9 65.1
30.3 69.7
20.0 80.0
17.6 82.4
CAR! DSL
38
6
68.6
82.2
50.3
18.1
.3
.4
.9
.3
DESIGNED
DON
4.2
62.8
78.9
84.3
85.5 •
93.1
92.5
91.9
82.8
90.2
81.2
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.8
37.2
21.1
15.7
14.5
6.9
7.5
8.1
17.2
9.8
18.8
-------
G-16
TAIL! 0-13 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
LARGE VAN
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1961
1982
1963
1964
1985
1986
1987
1968
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
HOOn
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1963
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES '
(000)
455
500
512
622
472
226
234
296
368
459
412
394
398
329
355
292
198
288
241
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.229
.191
.181
.190
.153
.121
.128
.154
.160
.137
.112
.091
.096
.072
.080
.077
.049
.065
.051
CITY HWY 55/45
11.7 15.2
12.3 16.4
13.3 17.0
12.9 16.2
12.2 15.4
14.6 19.5
15.5 20.5
15.3 20.2
15.6 21.1
15.0 20.6
14.5 19.5
15.3 20.7
14.9 20.6
15.3 21.4
15.0 21.3
15.0 21.5
15.1 21.8
14.9 21.7
15.1 22.5
13.1
13.8
14.7
14.2
13.5
16.5
17.4
17.1
17.7
17.1
16.4
17.4
17.1
17.5
17.3
17.4
17.3
17.3
17.8
UGHT
LB
4198
4202
4255
4253
4559
4404
4357
4376
4445
4402
4462
4537
4599
4632
4614
4628
4636
4827
4849
ENGINE
CIO HP
318 143
324 146
333 153
330 149
325 146
299 135
292 132
296 136
301 139
302 141
308 150
304 148
310 161
313 164
315 168
319 177
316 175
318 181
317 185
0-601
TIME:
13.9
13.7
13.2
13.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
14.8
14.7
14.S
13.9
14.2
13.$
13,2!
13.11
12.6
12.7
12.11
12.!i
TOP
SPEED
113.2
114.0
115.8 .
114.8
111.4
109.2
108.6
109.6
110.0
111.0
113.4
112.2
115.7
116.4
117.7
120.5
119.8
120.4
121.3
HP/
CID
.447
.447
.458
.453
.449
.452
.453
.459
.461
.464
.487
.485
.516
.522
.529
.552
.551
.568
.583
HP/
WT
.0341
.0348
.0360
.0352
.0320
.0307
.0303
.0310
.0312
.0319
.0336
.0326
.0350
.0355
.0365
.0384
.0379
.0379
.0385
TON
-MPO
28.0
29.7
31.7
30.7
31.2
36.6
38.2
37.8
39.8
38.0
36.9
39.6
39.4
40.8
40.1
40.3
40.7
42.0
43.2
Or LARGE VANS
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.3
4UD
10.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
23.3
20.3
14.0
12.7
13.6 6.9
22.0 41.7
19.1 48.9
12.0 48.1
9.6 61.7
8.S 58.2
4.2 61.0
2.8 69.9
2.7 53.4
1.1 61.9
.9 73.5
.2 83.7
.1 90.1
88.4
.1 90.4
FUEL
FI
19.4
70.1
98.8
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.6
99.6
NETERINO
TBI PORT
19.4
33.1 37.0
59.5 39.3
61.8 37.9
65.0 34.7
63.2 36.4
30.3 69.3
39.7 59.9
CARS DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.6 4
98.6 1
99.4
80.2
29.6
.8
.4
.4
.6
.5
.2
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
DESIGNED
DON
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 .
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
IMPORT
-------
G-17
TABLE G-U CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
SMALL UTILITY
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1.987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1974
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
53
60
73
93
105
60
43
42
156
417
524
569
577
763
709
534
969
880
854
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.027
.023
.026
.029
.034
.033
.023
.022
.068
.125
.143
.131
.140
.167
.160
.140
.239
.199
.181
CITY HWY 55/45
14.1 19.3
14.2 18.
15.2 19.
14.8 19.
15.4 18.
17.0 21.
18.2 23.
18.5 23.
19.0 26.
19.0 26.
18.9 27.9
19.3 27.0
19.4 27.7
19.0 27.3
18.8 26.5
18.5 26.3
17.9 26.1
17.6 25.6
18.1 26.3
16.1
15.9
17.0
16.7
16.7
18.8
20.4
20.5
21.9
21.9
22.1
22.2
22.4
22.0
21.6
21.4
20.8
20.5
21.0
UGHT
LB
2897
2985
3073
3026
3196
3083
3054
2922
3512
3546
3643
3550
3512
3528
3665
3652
3974
3938
3949
ENGINE
CID HP
273 118
273 108
274 111
275 110
261 117
227 95
224 102
207 97
189 107
175 105
168 106
163 116
174 122
188 134
214 146
198 142
223 157
225 159
225 169
0-60
TIME
11.9
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
14.6
13.6
13.9
14.7
15.1
15.5
14.0
13.5
12.7
12.1
12.4
12.1
11.9
11.4
TOP
SPEED
116.9
111.5
111.8
111.8
112.5
104.8
108.2
107.0
106.4
105.2
104.7
109.1
111.6
115.4
118.5
117.4
119.6
120.6
124.0 .
HP/
CIO
.429
i.397
.406
.400
.463
.454
.475
.495
.586
.609
.632
.720
.716
.725
.700
.737
.716
.718
.761
HP/
WT
.0416
.0367
.0366
.0368
.0366
.0306
.0335
.0331
.0309
.0297
.0291
.0328
.0348
.0377
.0398
.0390
.0396
.0406
.0431
TON
-MP6
23.3
24.0
26.2
25.3
26.7
29.3
31.4
30.0
38.8
39.0
40.5
39.5
39.3
39.0
39.7
39.1
41.5
40.4
41.5
OF SMALL UTILITY:
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4VO
88.3
85.6
78.1
83.2
87.0
100.0
100.0
74.2
78.5
88.1
83.2
89.6
87.6
85.7
84.3
87.3
79.$
80.*
74.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
100.0
84.6
90.3
87.2
77.6
88.6
90.5 8.8
67.4 6.8
49.9 42.1
38.9 42.1
36.3 63.4
48.4 50.9
45.4 50.5
41.4 56.6
32.9 64.3
38.5 59.9
24.4 74.9
23.8 75.3
25.8 73.3
FUEL
FI
5.8
60.6
71.7
82.6
93.5
94.4
99.8
99.8
99.9
METERIH6
T8I PORT
34.9 25.7
47.0 24.8
31.2 51.4
44.2 49.3
29.6 64.8
36.8 63.0
29.8 70.0
3.2 96.7
CAR! DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.9
38.3
28.2
17.4
6.5
5.6
.2
.2
.1
.2
.9
DESIGNED
DON
88.3
85.6
78.1
83.2
95.0
91.8
94.0
85.3
94.8
93.2
91.2
74.2
64.5
70.0
76.9
58.3
77.1
76.8
78.2
IMPORT
11.7
14.4
21.9
16.8
5.0
8.2
6.0
14.7
5.2
6.8
8.8
25.8
35.5
30.0
23.1
41.7
22.9
23.2
21.8
-------
G-18
TA1LI 0-15 CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
LARGE UTILITY
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1974
1977
1978
1979
19flO
1981
1962
1983
1984
1985
1966
1987
198S
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
134
. 183
210
287
296
125
93
120
132
208
212
204
143
204
216
175
93
121
290
FRAC
.067
.070
.075
.088
.096
.067
.051
.063
.057
.062
.058
.047
.033
.043
.049
.046
.023
,027
.061
FUEL
CITY
11.0
11.8
13.0
12.3
10.6
12.7
13.8
14.8
14.4
13.6
13.8
14.1
13.7
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.7
13.7
14.9
ECO**
HUY
13.6
15.4
16.9
16.2
12.9
16.8
18.5
20.2
20.0
18.7
19.2
20.1
19.6
19.8
20.0
20.8
20.3
20.7
22.7
IT
55/45
12.1
13.2
14.5
13.8
11.6
14.3
15.6
16.8
16.5
15.5
15.8
16.3
15.8
16.1
16.0
16.2
16.0
16.2
17.6
UGHT
LI
4724
4745
4632
4676
4973
4810
4734
4853
4905
4910
4945
4955
5093
5093
5173
5244
5283
5324
4737
ENGINE
CID
350
356
351
359
355
328
320
324
333
331
333
328
340
334
333
337
325
334
301
HP
157
131
155
161
153
148
145
141
145
152
161
157
185
181
184
191
192
198
202
0-60
TIME
13.9
14.4
13.9
13.4
15.0
14.8
14.8
15.4
15.3
14.7
14.2
14.4
13.1
13.3
13.2
12.9
12.9
12.7
11.3
TOP
SPEED
1
113.71
1112.0
113.7
115.3
H10.9
110.5
110.0
108.4
109.2
ill. 2
113.6
112.4
119.0
118.1
118.4
120.0
119.9
121.4
127.5
HP/
CIO
.447
.424
.440
.449
.430
.452
.454
.438
.439
.461
.485
.481
.544
.543
.553
.569
.595
.595
.683
HP/
WT
.0333
.0320
.0335
.0346
.0307
.0308
.0305
.0293
.0297
.0310
.0327
.0318
.0362
.0355
.0356
.0366
.0364
.0374
.0435
TON
-HPG
Z8.7
31.4
33.8
32.4
28.9
34.7
37.2
42.4
41.8
39.2
39.7
40.9
41.0
41.3
41.9
42.8
42.6
43.2
41.6
PERCENT Of LARGE UTILITY:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976.
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1980
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4U> 1
82.4
85.3
84.1
90.0
63.0
82.8
86.0
81.3
' 82.7
78.6
.2 73.3
.2 76.3
68.0
76.2
77.0
73.7
7T.4
67.*
82.7
TRAUSNI
MANUAL
17.9
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.6
2D.4
18.3
16.4
10.1
10.1
7.0
6.*
5.6
3.6
3.1
2.6
1.4
1.8
3.0
SSION
LOCK
.8
38.7
55.9
54.8
62.4
44.6
52.1
69.*
71.2
70.5
73.2
86.5
89.9
96.3
95.0
FUEL 1
n
4.4
19.1
66.8
89.6
93.2
95.0
94.5
100.0
100.0
NETERII
T81
.2
65.6
57.2
57.6
60.6
52.0
67.5
35.8
Ma
PORT
.2
19.0
1.2
32.5
35.5
34.4
42.5
32.3
64.2
CAR8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
96.5
100.0
79.3
85.3
93.1
91.1
77.6
30.8
9.0
5.7
3.9
4.0
DSL
.2
3.5
20.7
14.7
6.9
4.5
3.3
2.3
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.5
DESIGNED
DON
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1100.0
1100.0
1100.0
98.9
95.4
95.0
95.5.
96.1
83.7
90.6
95.5
IMPORT
1.1
4.6
5.0
4.5
3.9
16.3
9.4
4.5
-------
H-l
Engine Size Market Shares
Passenger Cars
Sales Fraction
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93
Rgura H1
Passenger Car MPG by Model Year
and Number of Cylinders
MPG
60
so
40
30
20
10
" «-CYL
All Cars
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Rgura H2
-------
H-2
Average Zero to 60 Acceleration
Passenger Cars
Tim* (seconds)
74 76 78 80 82 84 88 88 90 92 94
Figure H3
140
130
120
110
100
Passenger Car Top Speed by Model Year
and Number of Cylinders
TOP SPEED (MPH)
90
4I-CVL
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 86 90 92 94
Model Year
Figure H4
-------
H-3
Average Engine Horsepower
Passenger Cars
220
180
140
100
60
Horsepower
20
All Can
4-cyl
3-cyf
74 78 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Rgure HS
Average Engine Size
Passenger Cars
400
300
200
100
Cubic Inch Displacement
. 3-cyf
74 78 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
Model Year
Flgur* He
-------
H-4
Horsepower per CID, 1975 to 1993 Cars
HP/CID
74 76 78 80 82 84 88 88 90 92 94
Figure H7
-------
H-5
TABLE H-1 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1973 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
THREE CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000) FRAC
37 .003
81 .007
78 .007
103 .010
as .008
46 .005
111 .013
115 .015
124 .014
- FUR. ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
51.9 66.1
50.8 63.7
46.0 58.1
42.8 54.1
43.4 53.8
44.3 55.2
43.6 55.3
44.0 55.4
43.9 55.9
57.4
55.9
50.8
47.2
47.5
48.7
48.2
48.5
48.6
WGHT VOL
LI CU-FT
1750 82.
1750 84.
1878 84.
1866 86.
1975 90.
2021 87.9
2008 85.5
1998 86.9
1997 86.1
ENGINE
CIO HP
61 48
61 46
63 51
65 54
64 55
63 54
62 56
61 55
61 55
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
16.1 95.8
16.3 94.8
16.2 96.0
15.4 97.6
15.9 97.0
16.2 96.4
15.6 97.5
15.8 97.1
15.8 97.2
HP/
CID
.787
.759
.810
.824
.843
.854
.907
.900
.901
HP/
WT
.0274
.0264
.0271
.0286
.0276
.0269
.0280
.0277
.0278
'TON
-HPG
50.4
49.8
48.1
44.8
47.6
50.3
49.2
49.2
49.3
CU-FT
•HP6
4756
4809
4369
4168
4446
4437
4232
4304
4283
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4161
4208
4074
3871
4331
4440
' 4232
4288
4262
OF THREE CYLINDER CARS:
DRIVETRAIM
FRONT 4UD
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.0 11.0
100.0
89.0 11.0
94.5 5.5
100.0
100.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
90.1
64.7
73.5
76.5
64.3
77.7
61.0
52.3
52.5
FUEL
FI
8.6
14.7
70.5
94.3
97.5
99.5
100.0
METERIN8
Til PORT
8.6
1.5 13.2
57.5 13iO
70.1 24.2
89.7 7.8
94.8 4.8
95.6 4.4
VEHICLE SIZE
CARB OSL SMALL MID
100.0
100.0
91.4
85.3
29.5
5.7
2.5
.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM
EUR
ASIAN
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-------
H-6
TAILI H-2 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1997 PASSENGER CARS
HOOEL
YEAH
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1900
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1805
2017
2287
2926
3157
4511
4469
4251
415S
5744
"5865
6462
6679
6333
5671
4925
4842
4077
4540
FRAC
.219
.207
.202
.262
.292
.478
.512
.544
.520
.538
.543
.587
.622
.590
.566
.557
.567
.522
.499
• FUEL
CITY
20.8
22.8
24.8
24.7
23.6
24.4
26.0
26.7
27.1
27.1
27.3
27.1
26.9
27.3
26.9
26.4
26.5
26.3
26.8
ECONOMY
HUT 55/45
30.6
33.1
35.3
34.3
33.0
34.3
36.2
38.2
38.2
38.7
38.9
38.6
38.4
39.0
38.6
38.1
38.5
38.8
39.5
24.3
26.5
28.7
28.3
27.1
28.1
29.8
30.9
31.2
31.4
31.3
31.3
31.1
31.7
31.1
30.6
30.8
30.8
31.3
UGHT
L8
2651
2613
2523
2511
2564
2573
2555
2595
2622
2655
2671
2719
2732
2739
2794
2857
284*
2893
2884
VOL
CU-FT
86.8
88.9
90.1
93.0
97.7
97.8
101.2
100.3
101.7
102.5
102.1
101.8
101.5
100.8
100.9
101.2
101.0
ENGINE
CIO HP
112
111
106
108
110
116
115
114
118
119
120
121
121
118
120
122
120
120
120
79
77
78
77
77
78
79
78
81
85
90
91
92
95
100
108
108
113
112
0-60
TIHC
15.1
15.2
14.6
14.7
14.9
14.8
14.6
14.9
14.7
14.3
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.6
13.1
12.6
12.5
12.3
12.3
TOP
SPEED
102.1
101.7
102.8
102.7
102.0
102.4
102.9
102.1
103.1
104.7
106.7
106.3
107.0
107.9
109.7
112.4
112.7
114.1
113.6
FOUR CYLINDER
HP/
CIO
.716
.706
.742
.727
.707
.681
.693
.686
.694
.718
.752
.753
.772
.805
.840
.901
.913
.949
.939
HP/
UT
.0298
.0296
.0308
.0308
.0300
.0303
.0308
.0300
.0307
.0320
.0336
.0332
.0336
.0343
.0357
.0378
.0380
.0390
.0387
TON
-MPO
32.4
34.8
36.6
36.0
35.0
36.4
38.4
40.3
41.3
42.0
42.4
42.8
42.8
43.7
43.7
43.9
44.1
44.8
45.4
CU-FT
-MPQ 1
2556
2580
2491
2662
2953
3061
3213
3192
3251
3244
3207
3268
3196
3118
3150
3154
3201
CU-FT-
ON-MPO
3191
3208
3165
3394
3747
3951
4174
4208
4317
4389
4365
4448
4434
4434
4456
4534
4587
PERCENT Of FOUR CYLINDER CMS:
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 -
1983
1984
1985
1986 '
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVETRAIM TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4UD MANUAL LOCK
25.2
22.0
28.3
31.8
33.5
44.8
60.6
72.1
76.2
81.3
84.0
89.5
92.0
94.1
93.2
93.2
92.5
90.1
90.0
1.2
1.0
.9
.9
5.1
1.4
3.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.1
1.0'
.7
68.9
63.9
69.5
67.4
65.9
60.3
55.2
49.5
46.8
40.0
38.1
36.5
34.4
35.2
31.8
30.*
3t*5>
32U.
1.7
21.4
26.2
30.4
31.3
37.0
43.0
50.3
53.3
57.f
60. f
59.S
59.4
FUEL METERINO
FI TBI PORT
14.4
6.7
11.9
10.4
7.0
9.1
7.5
18.7
32.7
43.7
52.3
63.3
68.1
78.S
84.9
98.2
99.9
100.0
100.0
11.2
21.0
28.3
33.6
38.9
.43.2
45.9
41.3
35.3
31.0
10.7
9.0
14.4
6.7
11.9
10.4
7.0
9.1
7.S
7.S
11.7
15.4
18.7
24.4
24.9
32.7
43.7
62.9
68.9
89.3
91.0
CAM
84.8
92.7
86.3
87.8
90.9
87.3
88.5
78.7
66.3
54.7
46.9
36.3
31.8
21.5
15.0
1.7
DSL
.8
.6
1.8
1.7
2.1
3.6
4.0
2.6
1.0 .
1.6
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1
VEHICLE JtlZI
SMALL HUD LARGf
98.7
99.4
99.3
97.6
95.8
89.5
82.7
83.8
79.3
85.0
81.6
79.3
81.3
87.2
86.3
88.9
90.8
88.0
89.3
1,3
,6
,7
2,4
4,2
10.5
17.3
16.2
20.7
15.0
18.4
20.6
18.5
12.6
13.5
11.0
9.0
11.7
10.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
29.5
36.3
19.9
31.1
42.0
45.5
50.9
54.1
53.5
63.4
58.5
55.3
49.6
45.0
44.2
36.0
36.9
36.5
36.9
32.1
22.1
24.1
20.9
16.0
14.9
9.5
8.7
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.0
6.6
5.3
5.1
4.6
4.5
4.4
38.4
41.5
56.0
48.0
42.0
39.6
39.7
37.2
39.3
29.4
34.1
37.5
43.3
48.4
50.5
58.8
58.5
59.0
58.7
-------
H-7
TABLE H-3 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CMS
FIVE CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
.1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
,1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
5
12
12
39
43
66
59
58
64
116
99
71
•44
18
15
18
15
16
34
FRAC
.001
.001
.001
.003
.004
.007
.007
.007
.008
.011
.009
.006
.004
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.004
.FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
23.9 31.4
22.2 27.8
23.0 27.7
18.4 25.1
20.5 26.5
20.
22.
23.
24.
21.
21.
20.
20.
29.0
30.5
31.7
32.2
29.9
29.2
29.2
29.8
20.7 30.7
20.5 29.6
20.5 29.7
20.7 31.4
22.6 33.4
22.6 34.8
26.8
24.4
24.9
20.9
22.8
23.8
25.4
26.9
27.4
24.6
24.0
23.3
23.9
24.3
23.8
23.8
24.3
26.5
26.8
WGHT VOL
L8 CU-FT
3500
4000
4000 105.0
3411 103.6
3596 106.0
3357 105.3
3358 105.3
3601 105.8
3660 106.1
3326 110.3
3360 110.2
3035 111.0
3095 110.7
3047 104.6
3415 108.5
3407 105.1
3460 106.7
3460 100.7
3516 105.7
ENGINE
CIO HP
183
183
183
152
162
152
155
163
165
148
151
136
139
140
140
141
142
149
149
77
77
77
102
100
92
98
114
114
109
117
116
127
129
135
138
141
164
171
0-60
TIME
19.3
21.4
21.4
15.1
16.1
16.3
15.6
14.3
14.5
13.9
13.3
12.3
11.7
11.4
12.0
11.8
11.9
10.5
10.2
TOP
SPEED
95.4
93.0
93.0
105.7
103.5
102.4
104.4
108.1
107.6
108.5
111.3
113.9
117.4
118.6
117.4
118.4
118.9
127.3
129.1
HP/
CIO
.421
.421
.421
.690
.636
.630
.650
.705
.696
.748
.788
.854
.914
.920
.969
.980
1.002
1.098
1.147
HP/
VT
.0220
.0192
.0192
.0306
.0284
.0281
.0297
.0319
.0313
.0330
.0352
.0383
.0409
.0422
.0398
.0406
.0407
.0474
.0486
TON
-MPQ
46.8
48.8
49.8
37.0
42.3
41.6
44.0
49.9
51.4
42.1
41.1
35.6
37.4
37.3
40.7
41.0
43.1
46.2
47.4
CU-FT CU-FT-
-NP8 TON-MPG
2613
2202
2462
2593
2739
2896
2949
2742
2661
2595
2661
2552
2585
2527
2658
2691
2853
5227
3821
4499
4399
4671
5300
S462
4619
4509
3949
4132
3894
4430
4319"
4615
4663
5014
PERCENT OF FIVE CYLINDER CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
LOCK
FUEL METERINO
Ft T8I PORT
CARS DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MIO URGE
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 .
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
58.9
40.4
S6.6
51.0
37.1
32.2
65.8
63.1
84.9
70.4
60.5
86.8
74.5
69.0
86.2
90.8
.8
2.6
4.1
12.6
24.0
36.0
10.9
19.0
16.4
3.3
8.1
8.9
18.5
21.5
11.0
11.7
18.2
15.6
28.4
36.5
56.1
29.2
30.»
24.5 55.2
1*.ft 70.2
15.7 78.3
58.
38.
41.
40.
35,
29.
68.
67.
97.
94.
96.
97.
93.
85.
86.2
94.1
•
58.9
38.0
41.9
40.8
35.3
29.0
68.4
67.3
97.5
94.4
96.5
97.7
93.5
85.4
86.2
94.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.1
62.0
58.1
59.2
64.J
71 .C
31 .t
32.)
2.
5.
3.
£»
6.
14.
13.
5.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.1
95.2
! 96.0
' 94.7
1 95.9
. 47.3
' 45.3
30.2
36.6
57.4
21.4
39.6
38.9
100.0
56.1
5.9
4.8
4.0
5.3
4.1
52.5
54.7
69.8
63.4
42.6
78.6
60.4
61.1
43.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.0 77.0
53,1 46.9
-------
H-8
TAllE H-4 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
SIX CYLINDER
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1961
1982
1983
1984
198S
1986
1987
1981
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
1533
193S
1851
2325
2187
2644
2394
2080
isst
2455
2490
2694
2469
2985
3157
2985
2633
2691
3369
FRAC
.186
.199
.164
.208
.203
.280
.274
.26*
.232
.230
.232
.245
.232
.278
.313
.338
.301
.343
.370
•Fun.
CITY
16.2
17.1
17.3
17.7
17.9
18.8
19.6
19.7
20.3
20.5
20.3
20.8
20.8
21.4
21.2
20.9
20.9
20.8
21.2
ECONOMY
HOT 55/45
22.1
23.0
23.3
24.«
24.6
26.!!
27.8
28.9
30.1
30.5
31.2
32.8
33.7
34.8
34.A
34.!!
34.2
34.3
34.3
18.4
19.3
19.6
20.2
20.4
21.6
22.6
23.0
23.8
24.1
24.1
24.9
25.1
25.9
25.7
25.4
25.3
25.2
25.7
WGHT
LB
3625
3715
3753
3482
3421
3332
3382
3404
3373
3364
3387
3377
3414
3397
3423
3504
3490
3511
3505
VOL
CU-FT
106.6
108.6
108.8
111.0
111.6
112.9
111.0
111.3
111.8
112.0
112.9
113.6
114.8
114.0
113.6
114.1
112.8
ENGINE
CIO HP
225
231
229
221
217
213
215
213
211
205
206
200
198
193
194
197
197
201
200
105
100
105
107
109
110
110
114
116
117
124
134
143
142
146
150
156
159
162
0-60
TI«
15.7
16.7
16.1
14.8
14.4
13.9
14.1
13.8
13.6
13.4
12.9
12.1
11.6
11.5
11.4
11.4
11.0
10.9
10.7
lap
SPEED
105.1
102.5
104.1
106.7
107.6
109.0
108.5
109.8
110.7
111.2
113.5
117.3
120.1
119.9
121.3
121.9
124.0
125.1
126.2
HP/
CIO
.485
.445
.471
.495
.508
.530
.522
.548
.565
.586
.617
.683
.733
.744
.762
" 1
.773
.796
.804
.822
HP/
UT
.0295
.0273
.0284
.0311
.0319
.0334
.0328
.0338
.0346
.0350
.0368
.0398
.0419
.0418
.0429
Ji
.0430
.0448
.0455
.0464
TON
-NPO
33.3
36.0
36.9
35.3
34.9
36.0
38.3
39.3
40.2
40.5
40.8
42.2
42.9
44.0
44.0
44.6
44.2
44.3
45.0
CU-FT
•MPQ T
2095
2206
2224
2407
2527
2614
2654
2684
2697
2805
2847
2952
2956
2911
2887
2887
2904
CU-FT-
'ON-MPO
3955
3844
3814
4004
4283
4457
4481
4515
4566
4745
4862
5017
5059
5100
5040
5069
5092
FCRCCNT OF SIX CYLINDER CARS:
HODtL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
4fi*^
1902 -
1983
1984
196S
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
ORIVETRAIM TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4U> MANUAL LOCK
.5
22.0
14.2
.Q •
1y.3
22.4
31.5
48.6
63.4
73.0
83.8
84.1
86.2
87.8
88.9
87.9
1.5
.8
m •
I.I
1.7
.9
.3
.2
..2
.3
.1
.4
.6
.5
19.3
15.2
11.9
9.1
9.1
8.2
5.4
5«
,3
6.6
6.1
6.3
6.9
7.9
5.8
5.0
3.9
4.3
«vt
3.9
8.3
8.2
25.7
58.8
*o «
OT*3
90.1
91.9
92.7
91,1
89.2
92.S
93.1
94.5
93.7
90.9
91.9
FUtL METERING
H T8I PORT
8.3
4.7
6.7
5.3
6.9
4.3
6.8
12.3
29.S
62.7
80.1
96.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
8.8
21.6
15.4
7.9
2.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
8.3
4.7
6.7
5.3
6.9
4.3
6.8
12.3
21.0
41.1
64.7
88.8
97.
99.
99.
99.
99. .
99.
CAM
91.7
95.3
93.3
94.7
93.1
95.5
92.9
85.7
68.8
36.7
19.6
2.5
.1
OSL
.2
.3
2.0
1.4
.6
.3
.8
.1
VEHICLE SI21
SMALL MID LARGf
92.4
84.0
74.8
54.0
40.3
29.0
23.1
2« A
£)*V
31.7
29.9
30.1
35.0
38.1
33.1
19.1
19.4
20.3
26.5
29.4
6.9
1S.2
22.9
43.9
57.8
66.6
70.5
jtK 4
O!ta 1
64.0
67.0
5A.O
43.6
37.9
46.1
61.2
61.1
62.4
53.3
49.7
1
.7
.8
2.3
2.1
1.7
1 •< '
4.4
6.4
1A ft
1U*U
4.3
3.1
13.9
21.4
24.0,
20.8
19.7
19.5
17.3
18.0
20.9
DESIGNED
DON Etft ASIAN
89.1
93.3
93.1
94.0
92.3
95.5
92.9
Mm
•0
87.1
88.3
86.9
86.8
78.4
84.0
84.1
83.4
82.8
80.3
79.3
4.2
2.7
2.3
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
21
•3
3.0
3.3
3.7
5.3
7.2
6.7
6.1
4.7.
4.5
4.5
4.2
6.7
4.0
4.7
4.5
6.1
3.3
5.9
So
• T
9.9
8.3
9.3
7.9
14.4
9.3
9.8
12.0
12.7
15.2
16.3
-------
H-9
TABLE H-5 CHAMCTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 PASSENGER CARS
EIGHT CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
4840
5728
7132
5882
5354
2169
1778
1377
1859
2316
2229
1651
1387
1247
1070
842
925
899
1016
FRAC
.588
.589
.631
.526
.496
.230
.204
.176
.232
.217
.207
.150
.129
.116
.107
.095
.108
.115
.112
-FUEL
cm
11.6
13.2
14.1
14.9
15.4
16.4
17.1
17.0
16.8
17.0
18.1
18.6
18.4
18.7
18.7
18.2
18.6
18.8
18.7
ECONOM
HUT
16.6
18.5
19.7
21.4
21.4
24.0
26.0
26.5
26.4
26.8
28.8
30.1
29.6
30.4
30.7
30.1
31.1
30.9
31.4
V
55/45
13.4
15.1
16.2
17.2
17.6
19.1
20.2
20.3
20.1
20.3
21.7
22.5
22.2
22.6
22.7
22.2
22.7
22.8
22.9
WGHT VOL
L8 CU-FT
4732
4689
4450 119.0
4166 119.2
4060 120.6
3920 120.6
3973 123.0
3940 123.4
3946 125.0
3913 122.3
3895 122.8
3813 120.2
3846 120.2
3854 121.3
3831 121.5
3949 121.7
3927 121.6
4002 123.2
4030 125.5
ENG1!
CID
376
368
348
335
324
309
307
305
298
300
296
299
299
301
300
296
298
296
294
NE
HP
167
165
158
154
149
135
133
138
143
144
151
152
155
164
160
173
198
203
209
0-60
TIME
13.4
13.4
13.2
12.8
12.9
13.6
14.0
13.5
12.9
12.8
12.4
12.0
12.0
11.6
11.6
11.3
10.0
10.0
9.8
TOP
SPEED
116.7
116.2
116.1
117.0
116.2
112.8
111.8
114.0
115.2
116.0
118.3
119.7
120.5
123.3
122.4
125.3
133.9
134.8
136.5
HP/
CIO
.446
.448
.455
.460
.460
.439
.440
.437
.482
.483
.509
.511
.520
.544
.533
.593
.670
.692
.720
HP/
WT
.0354
.0352
.0356
.0371
.0368
.0346
.0337
.0355
.0364
.0371
.0389
.0403
.0407
.0430
.0423
.0441
.0506
.0511
.0525
TON
•MPQ
32.0
35.6
36.1
36.1
35.9
37.9
40.9
40.5
39.8
39.8
42.3
42.9
42.7
43.6
43.5
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.2
CU-FT
-HPO 1
1939
2085
2145
2343
2538
2537
2519
2491
2670
2712
2676
2754
2765
2709
2773
2822
2888
CU-FT-
'ON-MPQ
4305
4317
4344
4616
5071
5054
4999
4915
5227
5201
5177
5349
5339
5382
5439
5677
5843
PERCENT OF EIGHT CYLINDER CMS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 -
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
ORIVETRAIN
FRONT 4UD
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.1
3.7
7.6
8.8
5.5
9.6
9.3
18.2
12.2
14.2
16.4
21.2
27.4
22.2 .1
22.2
21.8
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
1.6
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
.8
1.1
3.9
3.5
3.2
2.5
4.3
4.4
6.2
7.2
6.5
S.ft
Svt
3.8
9.5
12.9
40.5
80.4
90.8
95.3
95.8
96.0
95.2
92.4
91.5
90.5
91.7
92.§
92.7
94.2
FUEL METERIHQ
Fl T8I PORT
.7
1.4
1.1
1.9
2.2
4.4
13.8
10.4
35.4
37.6
47.4
48.4
55.9
76.2
90.9
96.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.0
13.0
9.1
34.4
32.5
42.4
12.2
13.9
19.8
36.9
15.5
28.4
20.7
17.0
.7
1.4
1.1
1.9
2.2
1.4
.8
1.5
1.0
5.2
5.1
56.2
42.0
56.4
54.0
82.8
71.6
79.3
83.0
CARB
99.3
98.6
98.9
97.5
95.3
85.8
69.5
77.9
62.4
61.7
52.5
51.6
44.1
25.8
9.1
3.9
OSL
.6
2.6
9.8
16.8
11.7
2.2
.7
.1
VEHICLE SI2E
SMALL NIO LARGE
27.0
29.9
30.6
14.2
13.3
9.9
8.8
16.7
12.7
17.7
14.9
19.8
20.8
25.5
22.2
15.8
21.2
16.8
10.8
37.0
37.4
32.7
46.8
42.8
46.4
39.9
27.5
26.6
24.6
26.4
51.7
29.1
17.1
10.6
17.0
1S.9
16.0
16.6
36.0
32.7
36.7
39.0
43.9
43.7
51.3
55.9
60.7
57.7
58.8
48.4
50.1
59.*
67.2
67.2
62.9
67.2
72.5
DESIGNED
DON EUR ASIAN
99.6
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.2
99.2
98.7
99.0
98.9
98.4
97.4
96.7
97.5
97.4
91.4
91.4
90.9
90.5
.4
.2
.2
.3
.4
.8
.8
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.9
6.4
6.3
6.8
6.8
-------
H-10
TAILS H-6 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
FOUR CYLINDER
HOOil
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
19S1
1982
1983
19S4
19SS
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
•1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
221
225
306
342
481
584
522
517
744
1083
1253
1802
1539
1247
1121
770
905
728
707
FRAC
.112
.086
.108
.105
.156
.314
.287
.270
.324
.324
.342
.414
.372
.274
.253
.202
.224
.165
.149
FUEL
CITT
18.7
20.4
22.9
23.3
20.3
21.5
24.2
24.4
24.1
23.4
23.2
23.2
23.2
• 23.4
23.0
23.4
23.2
23.1
23.0
ECONON
HWf
27.1
29.6
32.4
31.1
27.9
28.9
32.5
32.3
32.3
31.3
30.9
31.4
31.6
31.7
31.1
31.5
31.2
31.5
31.5
It
55/45
21.7
23.7
26.4
26.2
23.1
24.3
27.3
27.4
27.2
26.4
26.1
26.3
26.4
26.6
26.0
26.5
26.2
26.3
26.2
WGHT
LI
2856
2831
2824
2849
2850
2842
2861
2897
2924
3064
3157
3159
3122
3123
3184
3155
3243
3229
3256
ENGINE
CIO HP
120
117
122
120
123
124
130
132
135
135
141
139
139
139
143
141
143
142
142
88
89
90
88
84
86
84
86
87
90
97
97
97
97
104
108
109
111
112
0-60
TIM6
14.8
14.7
14.3
14.7
15.0
14.7
15.2
15.1
14.9
15.1
14.8
14.S
14.5
14.5
13.9
13.4
13.7
13.4
13.4
TOP
SPEED
104.5
105.0
105.7
104.2
102.7
103.8
102.6
103.3
103.5
103.3
105.4
105.4
105.4
105.4
107.6
109.7
109.1
110.2
110.1
HP/
CIO
.740
.756
.747
.730
.687
I'"
.699
.648
.652
.649
.666
.691
.698
.698
.698
.725
.767
.763
.788
.790
HP/
WT
.0312
.0317
.0323
.0310
.0297
.0306
.0295
.0300
.0301
.0295
.0310
.0309
.0311
.0310
.0327
.0345
.0337
.0347
.0345
TON
-HPO
31.2
33,7
37.6
37.7
33.6
35.1
39.9
40.4
40.3
40.8
41.5
41.7
41.3
41.6
41.6
42.0
42.6
42.6
42.8
PERCENT Of FOUR CYLINDER TRUCKSJ
HODtL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1960
1981 •
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
19S8
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVE
FRONT
4.5
6.4
6.2
4.2
15.1
20.7
14.1
10.4
7.8
16.8
10.6
5.5
9.7
12.0
TRAM
4UO
6.8
20.5
22.2
24.5
23.3
19.2
21.3
21.7
24.7
26.4
26.8
21.7
23.1
18.8
20.7
25.7
TRANSM1
MANUAL
83.7
81.4
82.3
88.1
86.4
90.0
92.9
88.9
84.8
75.9
65.9
72.6
73.4
76.9
68.4
7*.!
4**
TO.*
6I.t
SSIOM
LOCK
2.1
1.4.
7.3!
12.t
10.H
12.11
12.0
13.?,
20.9
2».Z
27.8
29.A
FUEL I
FI
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5.3
3.9
2.4
2.0
7.9
27.7
34.8
38.9
60.4
79.*
85.2
93.1
94.0
92.1
METERI
Til
18.5
23.0
30.7
41.6
24.0
29.8
29.0
23.0
HO
PORT
16.3
15.9
29.8
37.7
61.3
63.3
64.9
69.9
CAR8
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.2
98.2
92.8
80.6
82.0
92.5
88.8
71.1
64.4
60.8
39.6
20.8
14.8
6.9
6.0
7.2
DSL
1.9
15.5
15.6
5.6
3.3
1.2
.8
.2
VEHICLE
SMALL N
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
89.4
90.4
86.6
92.0
79.6
86.0
86.5
86.1
87.1
87.2
72.2
75.0
71.9
61.1
SIZE
10 LARGt
.8
10.6
9.6
13.4
8.0
20.4
14.0
13.5
13.9
12.9
12.8
27.8
29.0
28.1
38.9
DESIGNED
DOM
2.7
2.7
2.6
12.9
34.1
32.5
42.2
30.7
29.7
38.6
45.0
34.8
39.3
37.0
36.7
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
97.3
97.4
87.1
65.9
67.5
57.3
69.3
70.3
61.4
55.0
65.2
60.7
63.0
63.3
-------
H-ll
TABLE H-7 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
SIX CYLINDER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
272
445
410
558
515
555
636
642
751
1200
1217
1379
1689
2063
2104
1951
2386
2616
2798
FRAC
.137
.170
.145
.171
.167
.298
.350
.336
.327
.359
.332
.317
.409
.453
.47ft
.513
.590
.592
.592
- FUEL
CITY
14.9
16.1
16.6
16.1
15.7
16.7
17.5
18.4
18.3
18.0
18.5
18.2
18.5
18.5
18.4
18.4
18.3
17.8
18.1
ECONOM
HOT
19.7
21.2
21.4
20.7
19.6
22.3
23.4
25.2
25.8
25.5
26.7
25.7
26.8
27.1
26.6
26.9
26.9
26.2
27.0
»
55/45
16.8
18.1
18.4
17.9
17.2
18.8
19.7
20.9
21.1
20.8
21.5
20.9
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.4
21.4
20.8
21.3
WGHT
IB
3960
3936
3956
3973
4066
4016
3956
3693
3754
3729
3704
3793
3756
3779
3887
3952
3989
4096
4060
EHGI
CIO
269
267
271
273
264
268
272
243
229
221
216
218
214
218
227
220
228
233
232
NE
HP
102
102
110
116 «
122
118
119
113
112
110
117
129
141
146
148
147
153
154
163
0-60
TIME
16.9
16.7
15.9
15.2
14.8
15.1
14.8
14.6
15.0
15.1
14.5
13.6
12.6
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.3
12.5
11.9
TOP
SPEED
101.5
101.8
104.2
106.0
107.5
106.5
107.2
107.2
106.3
105.8
108.3
111.9
116.3
117.8
117.6
116.7
118.2
117.9
121.0
HP/
CIO
.383
.387
.407
.426
.465
.445
.442
.481
.510
.523
.561
.623
.680
.689
.67ft
.687
.689
.677
.715
HP/
WT
.0259
.0262
.0280
.0293
.0303
.0295
.0303
.0311
.0302
.0298
.0317
.0344
.0379
.0389
.0384
.0376
.0386
.0380
.0405
TON
•MPO
33.5
36.0
36.9
35.9
35.4
38.0
39.2
38.7
39.7
38.9
39.9
39.7
40.5
40.9
41.8
42.5
42.7
42.7
43.3
PERCENT OP SIX CYLINDER TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 -
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
DRIVE
FRONT
8.7
15.2
11.9
26.1
14.5
17.1
21.3
TRAIN
4UQ
5.1
10.7
14.2
14.6
19.5
18.3
14.5
12.8
32.4
41.2
43.0
37.8
36.2
35.5
35.0
31.8
41.6
41.3
37.0
TRANSNI
MANUAL
18.8
35.5
32.4
32.0
61.0
61.9
57.3
52.5
48.5
41.4
37.7
33.3
26.7
26.5
25.6
20.1
23.3
Ifi*
29.0
SSIOM
LOCK
3.4
20.8
24.3
31.2
36.3
36.1
51.9
54.4
66.3
67.S
69.5
76.9
75.7
78.S
78.4
FUEL
FI
«
58.
89.
98.
98.
98.
100.
100.0
100.0
NETERI
T8I
.5
34.7
36.5
38.2
39.2
32.0
40.5
23.6
16.2
MB
PORT
23.5
53.2
60.3
59.1
66.6
59.5
76.4
83.8
CAR8 DSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8 .2
99*3 .7
99.1 .9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5
41.6 .1
10.2
1.5
1.7
1.4
VEHICLE
SMALL M
3.0
8.3
10.6
9.8
10.9
6.4
4.6
31.3
48.0
56.5
63.7
66.3
72.7
73.8
73.0
75.6
80.4
75.3
66.7
SIZE
ID LARGE
97.0
91.7
89.4
90.2
89.1
93.6
95.4
68.7
52.0
43.5
36.3
33.7
27.3
26.2
27.0
24.4
19.6
24.7
33.3
OES
DOM
100.0
98.1
96.1
97.2
99.2
99.7
99.7
99.3
99.9
99.4
99.J
96.1
96.4
95.!
91.4
87.!
88.1
90.2
87.1
IGNED
IMPORT
'
1.9
3.9
2.S
•8
' .3
' .3
.5
.5
» .4
I .5
1 3.2
> 3.6
! 4.5
» 8.6
1 12.5
1 11.2
I 9.7
! 12.2
-------
H-12
TABLE H-8 CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1993 LIGHT TRUCKS
EIGHT CYLINDER
HOOEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1966
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
HOOEL
YEA*
197S
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1961
1982 '
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
196S
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
COM)
1490
1938
2105
2372
2092
723
662
754
804
1062
1196
1169
906
1249
1210
1084
756
1076
1220
• FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.750
.742
.745
.725
.677
.38S
.364
.394
.350
.317
.327
.269
.219
.274
.273
.285
.187
.243
.258
CITY
11.2
11.8
12.9
12.6
12.1
13.7
14.9
15.2
15.0
14.4
14.3
14.9
14.6
14.9
14.7
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.9
HWY
14.9
15.5
16.6
15.9
14.9
18.2
20.1
20.4
20.5
19.9
19.6
20.6
20.4
21.3
21.3
21.6
21.7
22.0
22.6
55/45
12.6
13.2
14.4
13.9
13.2
15.4
16.9
17.2
17.0
16.5
16.3
17.1
16.7
17.2
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.6
UGHT
LI
4275
4361
4362
4381
4620
4585
4405
4526
4547
4573
4555
4563
4637
4662
4663
4704
4667
4790
4778
ENGINE
CID HP
347 157
355 155
356 163
352 161
347 154
333 151
315 145
319 150
321 151
320 154
318 159
315 157
323 171
329 178
330 182
335 189
332 190
336 196
331 200
0-60
TIME
12.8
13.1
12.7
12.7
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.3
13.5
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
TOP
SPEED
117.3
116.1
118.2
117.6
113.8
112.9
112.4
113.2
113.5
114.2
115.7
114.9
118.5
120.4
121.9
123.4
124.2
124.9
126.1
Of EIGHT CYLINDER TRUCKS:
ORIVETRAIM
FRONT
.5
.1
4UD
21.8
28.4
28.9
35.5
17.0
32.5
22.0
24.0
25.6
29.3
27.4
29.9
31.3
36.1
36.3
35.6
35.0
33.3
37.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
33.4
29.2
24.5
24.4
17.0
16.3
13.6
10.2
7.4
8.5
6.5
7.6
7.8
9.0
11.8
9.2
8vf
7.2
r.t
LOCK
2.2
47.3
62.1
56.3
68.2
62.4
63.8
75.7
60.1
70.2
75.1
83.3
88.5
FUEL
FI
8.1
28.5
71.7
97.2
98.4
98.8
98.8
SO.* 99.5
fO.5
99.7
METERIIM
Til PORT
28.4
46.1 25.7
68.5 28.8
68.0 30.4
68.5 30.3
. 68.0 30.9
59.0 40.5
57.2 42.6
CARS OSL
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.9 1
97.5 2
93.4 6
96.8 3
87.0 13
91.7 8
96.0 4
89.9 2
70.2 1
27.5
2.1
1.0
.6
.5
.1
.5
.6
.2
.0
.3
.0
.0
.3
.8
.7
.6
.6
.7
.5
.3
VEHICLE
HP/ HP/ TON
CIO WT -MPQ
.452 .0371 27.1
.437 .0360 28.9
.457 .0375 31.5
.458 .0370 30.
.445 .0336 30.
.453 .0331 35.
.462 .0331 37.
.473 .0335 39.
.477 .0336 39.7
.485 .0340 38.3
.502 .0352 37.5
.498 .0345 39.2
.527 .0369 39.0
.538 .0383 40.2
.550 .0394 40.0
j
.562 .0404 40.3
.573 .0410 40.0
.583 .0412 41.3
.605 .0422 42.1
„ |" „
SIZf DESIGNED
SMALL MID LARCH DON
2.6
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.0
.3
9
1.3
.4
.1
97.4 100.0
98.8 100.0
98.6 100.0
98.4 100.0
98.2 100.0
99.0 100.0
99.7 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 99.8
100.0 99.7
100.0 99.6
100.0 99.6
98.7 99.5
99.6 99.7
99.9 99.6
„ :• : "'I.,
• IMPOST
.a
.3
.4
.4
.5
.3
.4
------- |