xvEPA
           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
                      Air and Radiation
                      EPA420-R-99-013
                      September 1999
Light-Duty Automotive
Technology and Fuel
Economy Trends
Through 1999
                               > Printed on Recycled Paper

-------

-------
                                                           EPA420-R-99-018
                                                             September 1999
Light-Duty Automotive  Technology and  Fuel Economy
                      Trends  Through  1999
                                   by
                            Robert M. Heavenrich
                              Karl H. Hellman
                     Advanced Technology Support Division
                           Office of Mobile Sources
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                 NOTICE

    This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
 It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available.
         The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
      technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
        may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.

-------
Copies of this document in PDF and WPD format can be found on the
Office of Mobile Sources website at
http: //www.epa.crov/oms/mpq.htm
Printed copies are available from:

National Service Center for Environmental Publications
U.S. EPA/NSCEP
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419

1-800-490-9198
1-513-489-8190

-------
                        Table of Contents
                                                            Page
                                                           Number
      Executive Summary	    -1-


I.     Introduction  	


II.    General Car and Truck Trends	    5


III.  Technology Trends   	   16


IV.    Trends by Market Segment	29


V.     Trends by Vehicle Type and Size Class   	40


VI.    Fuel Economy Improvement Potential  	   56

                                                               CO
VII.  Conclusions   	J0

                                                               en
VIII. Acknowledgments   	3y

                                                               c q
IX.    References   ... 	





APPENDIX A - Vehicle Classification System   	  A-l


APPENDIX B - 1996, 1997, and  1998 Nameplate MPG Listings   . .  B-l


APPENDIX C - Best  in Class Role Models	c-1


APPENDIX D - Data  Stratified  by Market  Segment   	 D-l


APPENDIX E - Data  Stratified  by Transmission Type  ...... E-l


APPENDIX F - Data  Stratified  by Cylinder Count   	 F-l


APPENDIX G - Data  Stratified  by Valves  Per  Cylinder    .... G-l


APPENDIX H  - Data  Stratified  by Size  Class	• • H-1


APPENDIX  I  - Data  Stratified  by Weight  Class	I-1

-------

-------
                      Executive Summary
Introduction to the Report

     This report is a summary of the key trends related to the
fuel economy of model year 1975 through 1999 light vehicles sold
in the United States.

      The fuel economy values in this report are laboratory data
similar to those used by the U.S. Department of Transportation
(DOT) for compliance with the corporate average fuel economy
standards.  These laboratory values, however, are significantly
higher than the estimated values used on new car labels and in
the Fuel Economy Guide.

     Light vehicles include those vehicles that U.S. EPA and DOT
classify as cars or light-duty trucks  (sport utility vehicles.,
minivans, and pickup trucks with less than 8,500 pounds gross
vehicle weight ratings).


Importance of the Report

     Since the early 1970s, the U.S. EPA has issued reports that
summarize new light vehicle fuel economy data.

     Fuel economy continues to be a major area of public and
policy interest for several reasons, including:

      (1)  Fuel economy  is directly related to carbon dioxide
          emissions, the most prevalent pollutant associated with
          global warming, and light  vehicles  contribute  about  20
          percent of  all U.S. carbon dioxide  emissions.

      (2)  Light vehicles account  for approximately  40 percent  of
          all U.S. oil  consumption;  crude oil,  from which nearly
          all light vehicle  fuels are made,  is  considered to be a
          finite natural resource.

      (3)  Fuel  economy  is  directly  related to vehicle  fueling
          cost.

-------
Highlight fl;   Fuel Economy is  Declining

   The average fuel economy for  all model year 1999 light
vehicles is  23.8 miles per gallon (MPG).   Within the new light
vehicle category for 1999,  average fuel  economy is 28.1 MPG for
passenger cars and 20.3 MPG for  light-duty trucks.  The 1999 fuel
economy average is the lowest value since 1980 and is 2.1 MPG
less than the peak value  of 25.9 MPG achieved in both 1987 and
1988.  Average new light  vehicle fuel economy has dropped 1.0 MPG
since 1996.

     All of  the fleet-wide  improvement in new light vehicle fuel
economy occurred from  the middle 1970s through the late 1980s,
but it has been consistently falling since the late 1980s.
Viewed separately, the average fuel economy for new cars has been
essentially  flat over  the last 14 years,  varying only from 27.6
MPG to 28.6  MPG.   Similarly,  the average fuel economy for new
light trucks has been  largely unchanged  for the past 19 years,
ranging from 20.1  MPG  to  21.6 MPG.   The  increasing market share
of light-duty trucks,  which have lower average fuel economy than
cars, is the primary reason for  the decline in fuel economy of
the overall  new light  vehicle fleet.
                         MPG by Model Year
       30
       25
       20 -
       15 --
          Average MPG
       10
                                                  Cars
                                        All Light Vehicle

                       II  ^^_^^*^-^x^	*^^	-^
                  Trucks
-rn-H-r
    1980
. I  .... I  •
1985    1990

 Model Year
1970
                1975
                                    1995
                                                   2000
 ii

-------
Highlight #2;    Truck Sales Continue to  Increase

     Sales of light-duty  trucks, which include sport utility
vehicles  (SUVs), mini-vans, and pickup trucks,  have risen steadily
for 20 years and nov make up  46 percent  of the U.S.  market—more
than twice their market share as recently as  1983.

     Growth in the light-duty truck market has been led recently
by the explosive popularity of SUVs, which rose in sales from
less than 200,000 in 1975 (less than 2 percent of  the overall new
light vehicle market) to  almost 3 million in  1999  (20 percent of
the market).  Over the same period, market share for minivans and
full-size vans doubled from 5 to 10 percent,  and for pickup
trucks grew from 13 to 16 percent.  Between 1975 and 1999,  market
share for new passenger cars  and wagons  has fallen from 81 to 54
percent.  Based on lower  average fuel economies and projected
longer useful lives, EPA  estimates that  the new light-duty trucks
sold in 1999 will consume, over their lifetimes, almost 60
percent of the fuel used  by all of the new light vehicles sold in
1999.
                   Market Share by Vehicle Type
      100%
           Market Share
       75% -
       50%
       25%
                                          Car
                                                      SUV
          1975
1980
1985     1990
 Model Year
1995
                                                               111

-------
Highlight #3:   MPG is Being Traded for Weight and Performance

     More efficient technologies have continued to enter the new
light vehicle fleet and  are being used to increase light vehicle
weight and performance rather than fuel economy.   Based on
accepted engineering relationships, had the new 1999 light
vehicle fleet had the same average veight and performance as in
1986, it could have achieved 5 MPG higher fuel economy.

     More efficient technologies—such as engines with more
valves and more sophisticated fuel injection systems,  and
transmissions with extra gears—have continued to penetrate the
new light vehicle fleet.   The trend has clearly been to apply
these new technologies to increase average new vehicle weight,
power, and performance while maintaining fuel economy.  This is
reflected by heavier average vehicle weight (up 20 percent for
new light vehicles since 1986),  rising average horsepower (up 58
percent for new light vehicles since 1986), and lower 0 to 60
mile-per-hour acceleration time (19 percent faster for new light
vehicles since 1986).  During this same time,  average new light
vehicle fuel economy fell by 7 percent.
        Percent Change Since 1986 in Light Vehicle Characteristics
        60%
        40%
        20% --
       -20%
              Percent Change
              E Increase
               (Decrease
             Fuel Economy   Weight (Ibs)    Horsepower  O to 60 Time (sec)
 IV

-------
I.   Introduction

     Light-duty automotive technology and fuel economy trends are
examined herein, as in preceding papers in this series [1-26]*,
using the latest and most complete EPA data available.  The
source database was frozen in March 1999.

     Through model year 1997, the fuel economy and vehicle sales
databases used for this report were formed from the most complete
databases used for corporate average fuel economy standards
(CAFE) and "gas guzzler" compliance purposes.  For all practical
purposes, these databases are stable and are not expected to
change in the future.  For model years 1998 and 1999, the fuel
economy database used for this report was formed from the
database used for the federal government's fuel economy public
information programs:  the Fuel Economy Guide and the MPG labels
that are placed on new vehicles.  The vehicle sales database for
1998 and 1999 used for this report was adjusted as necessary to
take into account sales data available in trade publications at
the time the database was frozen.

     The MPG data in this series and this paper are unadjusted  _.
laboratory data, with no correction factors such as those used in
both the Fuel Economy Guide and on vehicle labels for laboratory
to on-road shortfall, for alternative fuels capability CAFE
credits, or for "test procedure adjustment"  Accordingly, the
MPG values in this report are always slightly lower than those
reported by the Department of Transportation and significantly
higher than those in the Fuel Economy Guide.  The laboratory fuel
economy values are adjusted downward  (the city value by 10
percent and the highway value by 22 percent) to obtain the real
world projections used on new car labels and in the Fuel Economy
Guide.  These systematic differences do not influence the fuel
economy and technology trends in this report.

     Where only one MPG value is presented in this report, it is
"55/45 combined MPG", i.e.,
     MPG 55/45 = 17  (.557 MPG c + .45/MPG H)
where MPG c is the fuel economy on the EPA City Driving cycle and
MPGH is  the  fuel  economy on the EPA Highway Driving cycle.

     All vehicle  weight  data are based  on  inertia weight  class
 (nominally curb weight plus 300 pounds).   For  vehicles  with
inertia weights up to 3000-pound inertia weight  class,  these
      Numbers  in brackets  denote  references  listed at  the  end of
      the  text.

-------
classes have 250-pound increments; for vehicles 3500 pounds and
above, 500-pound increments are used.  All interior volume data
for cars built after model year <1977 are based on the metric used
to classify cars for the DOE/EPA Fuel Economy Guide.  The car
interior volume data in this paper combine that of the passenger
compartment and trunk/cargo space.  In the Fuel Economy Guide,
interior volume is undefined for the two-seater class; for this
series of reports, all two-seater cars have been assigned an
interior volume value of 50 cubic feet.

     The light truck data used in this series of papers include
vehicles classified as light trucks with gross vehicle weight
ratings (GVWR) up to 8,500 pounds for all years shown.  Vehicles
with GVWR between 8,500 and 10,000 pounds are not classified as
light trucks by EPA and have not been included in the database.
Omitting these vehicles influences the overall averages for all
light-truck variables studied in this paper.  Currently, total
sales of trucks with GVWR between 8,500 and 10,000 pounds
represent only about six or seven percent of the total sales of
trucks with GVWR less than 8,500.  To the extent that trucks with
GVWR between 8,500 and 10,000 have lower fuel economy than the
average for the trucks reported in this paper, the average fuel ..
economy of the 0 to 10,000-pound fleet will be lower  (and the
fuel consumption higher) than the values reported here.

     In addition to MPG, some tables in this paper contain
alternate measures of vehicle fuel efficiency as used in
reference 17.  "Ton-MPG" is defined as a vehicle's MPG multiplied
by its inertia weight in tons.  .This metric provides an
indication of a vehicle's ability to move weight (i.e., its own
plus payload).  Ton-MPG is a measure of powertrain/drive line
efficiency.  Just as an increase in vehicle MPG at constant
weight can be considered an improvement in a vehicle's
performance, an increase in a vehicle's weight-carrying capacity
at constant MPG can be considered an "improvement."

     "Cubic-feet-MPG" for cars is defined in this paper as the
product of a car's MPG and its interior volume, including trunk
space.  This metric associates a relative measure of a vehicle's
ability to transport both passengers and their cargo.  An
increase in vehicle volume at constant MPG could be considered an
improvement just as an increase in MPG at constant volume can be.

     "Cubic-feet-ton-MPG" is defined in this paper as a
combination of the two previous metrics, i.e., a car's MPG
multiplied by its weight in tons and also by its interior volume.
It ascribes vehicle utility to the ability to move both weight
and volume. •

-------
     This paper also includes an estimate of 0-60 MPH
acceleration time, calculated from engine rated horsepower and
vehicle inertia weight, frdm the relationship:

                      t = F  (HP/WT)-f

where the values used for F and f coefficients are .892 and .775
respectively for vehicles with automatic transmissions and .967
and .775 respectively for those with manual transmissions [27].
Other authors  [28, 29, and 30] have evaluated the relationships
between weight, horsepower, and 0 to 60 acceleration time and
have calculated and published slightly different values for the F
and f coefficients.

   The 0 to 60 estimate used in this paper is intended to provide
a quantitative "index" of vehicle performance capability.  It is
the authors' engineering judgment that, given the differences in
test methods for measuring 0 to 60 time and given the fact that
inertia weight is calculated from inertia weight classes, use of
these other published values for the F and f coefficients would
not result in a significantly different 0 to 60 relative perfor-
mance estimate. The results of a similar calculation of estimated
"top speed" are also included in some tables in this report.

     For cars, vehicle classification as to vehicle type, size
class, and manufacturer/origin generally follows fuel economy
label, Fuel Economy Guide, and fuel economy standards protocols;
exceptions are listed in Appendix A.  In many of the passenger
car tables, large sedans and wagons are aggregated as "Large,"
midsize sedans and wagons are aggregated as "Midsize," and
"Small" includes all other cars.  In some of the car tables, an
alternative classification system is used, namely: Large Cars,
Large Wagons, Midsize Cars, Midsize Wagons, Small Cars, and Small
Wagons with the EPA "Two-Seater, Mini-Compact, Subcompact, and
Compact" car classes combined into the "Small Car" class.

     The truck classification scheme used for all model years in
this paper is  slightly different from that in previous papers in
this series because pickups, vans, and sports utility vehicles
 (SUVs) are sometimes each subdivided as "Small," "Midsize," and
"Large."  These truck size classifications are based primarily on
published wheelbase data according to the following criteria:

             Pickup             Van              SUV

Small     Less than 105"   Less than 109"   Less than 100"

Midsize   105" to 115"     109" to 124"     100" to 110"

Large     More than 115"   More than 124"   More than 110"

-------
     This classification scheme is similar to that used in many
trade and consumer publications.  For those vehicle nameplates
with a variety of wheelbases, the size classification was
determined by considering only the smallest wheelbase produced.
                               i
     Grouping all vehicles into!classes and then constructing
time trends of parameters of interest like MPG can provide
interesting and useful results.  The results, however, are a
strong function of the class definitions.  Nowhere is this more
important than in the definition of "Domestic" and "Import" truck
or "Domestic," "European," and "Asian" car used in this series of
papers.

     Classification of a vehicle as a "Domestic" or "Import"
truck, or "Domestic," "European Import," or "Asian Import" car is
based on the authors' engineering judgment of where the majority
of the vehicle's powertrain and emissions control system
development and certification work was done.  It is meant to be a
tracking system for technical parameters related primarily to
engine and transmission development and is not intended to be a
replacement for other domestic/import definitions such as those
used for fuel economy or tariff compliance programs.

     Classes based on other definitions are possible, and results
from these other classifications may also be useful.

     Appendix B lists the model year 1997, 1998, and  1999
nameplates by size class and their sales-weighted average 55/45
MPG as of the data freeze date. Appendix C lists the  model year
1999 role models used in the best in weight class analysis, their
55/45 MPG, and some of their technical characteristics such as
transmission, cubic-inch displacement, and drive type. Appendix D
contains information about the fleet grouped into market segment
classes which reflect Domestic, European, and Asian design
sources for cars and Domestic and Imported design sources for
trucks.

     Appendix E contains a series of tables in which  the fleet is
grouped into classes based on the number of engine cylinders.
Appendix F, G, H, and I  contain data in which the fleet is
stratified by the number of  engine valves per cylinder, by
transmission class, by vehicle  size class, and by inertia weight
class respectively.

-------
II.  General Car and Truck Trends

     Tables 1 and 2 give"characteristics of passenger cars, light
trucks, and all light-duty vehicles (cars and light trucks) for
model years 1975 to 1999.   Figure 1 shows that over the past
decade, the fuel economy of the combined car and light-truck
fleet has gradually declined and is now about 2.1 MPG, or about
eight percent, below its peak of 25.9 MPG attained in 1987 and
1988.  Both car and light-truck MPG has been relatively stable
during this period; since 1986 cars have been within 0.6 MPG of
28 and light trucks with 0.7 MPG of 21.

     For MY99, average  MPG of all cars and trucks combined is
projected to be 23.8 — the lowest this value has been since
1981.  The decline in the overall combined car/truck average is
primarily due to the increasing market share of light trucks
which have lower average fuel economy than cars.  The increase in
the light-truck share of the market is the most important trend
in the light vehicle fleet over recent years and one which has
not yet leveled off.  The estimated light-truck share of the
market has now reached  46 percent, more than double what it was
in any year between 1975 and 1983.
                         MPG by Model Year
                 35
                   Average MPG
Percent Truck
                 30	80%
                 25..
                 20..
                 15..
                 10
                                          Cars
                                      •4-
                                               100%
        ..60%
                                             ..40%
                                             ..20%
                                               0%
                  1970 1975 1980 1985 1990  1995 2000
                             Model Year
                   Figure 1

-------
                     Table  1

      FUEL ECONOMY CHARACTERISTICS  OF
      1975  TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
 MODEL SALES
 YEAR  (000)  FRAC

Cars
  FUEL ECONOMY
CITY  HWY  55/45
TON  CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG  -MPG TON-MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Trucks
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8457
8402
9396
7893
8347
8078
7876

1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4049
4064
4754
5481
5749
5254
6224
6555
6822
0.806
0.788
0.800
0.773
0.778
0.835
0.827
0.803
0.777
0.761
0.746
0.717
0.722
0.702
0.693
0.698
0.678
0.666
0.640
0.605
0.620
0.600
0.573
0.552
0.536

0.194
0.212
0.200
0.227
0.222
0.165
0.173
0.197
0.223
0.239
0.254
0.283
0.278
0.298
0.307
0.302
0.322
0.334
0.360
0.395
0.380
0.400
0.427
0.448
0.464
13.7
15
.2
16.0
17
.2
17.7
20
.3
21.7
22
22
22
.3
.1
.4
23.0
23.7
23.9
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23

12
12
14
13
13
16
17
18
18
17
18
18
18
18
18
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
.2
.8
.4
.6
.1
.6
.4
.6
.5
.7
.8
.4

.1
.8
.0
.8
.4
.5
.8
.1
.3
.9
.0
.8
.8
.3
.1
.8
.3
.8
.9
.8
.5
.7
.6
.5
.3
19.5
21.3
22.3
24.5
24.6
29.0
31.1
32.7
32.7
33.3
34.3
35.5
35.9
36.6
36.3
36.0
36.3
36.3
37.0
36.9
37.6
37.6
37.7
38.2
37.3

16.2
16.9
18.1
17.5
16.8
21.9
23.9
24.4
25.2
24.8
24.9
25.9
26.5
26.2
25.8
25.9
26.6
26.2
26.5
26.1
25.9
26.5
26.2
26.2
25.7
15.
17.
18.
19.
20.
23.
25.
26.
25.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
27.
28.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.

13.
14.
15.
8
5
3
9
3
5
1
0
9
3
0
9
1
6
1
8
0
6
2
0
3
3
4
6
1

7
4
6
15.2
14.
18.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
20.
20.
21.
20.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
7
6
1
5
9
5
6
4
6
2
9
7
3
8
0
8
5
8
7
20.6
20.3
32.
35.
36.
35.
35.
36.
38.
40.
40.
41.
42.
42.
42.
43.
43.
44.
44.
44.
45.
45.
46.
46.
46.
47.
47.

28.
30.
33.
32.
32.
36.
38.
39.
39.
39.
39.
40.
40.
40.
41.
41.
3
5
4
9
4
6
9
1
7
1
0
6
8
7
8
2
3
9
4
7
4
5
7
6
7

4
5
0
4
1
3
8
7
9
3
6
4
5
9
2
8


2091
2240
2258
2507
2744
2836
2904
2910
2990
3057
3051
3119
3080
3014
3040
3040
3107
3085
3130
3125
3128
3156
3122



















4021
3926
3878
3841
4161
4273
4426
4425
4548
4585
4569
4693
4723
4746
4746
4877
4930
4956
5045
5078
5079
5178
5238

















42.2
42.
42.
43.
4
9
2






43.2
44.
45.
44.
45.
,3
,0
.6
.1









-------
        Table 1  (Continued)
    FUEL ECONOMY CHARACTERISTICS OF
   1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
MODEL SALES
 YEAR  (000)  FRAC

Both
 FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY  55/45
TON
-MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14453
12615
12573
12172
13211
13883
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
13.
14.
15.
16.
16.
19.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
20.
4
6
6
3
5
6
9
3
2
2
5
1
2
1
7
4
6
0
2
8
18
20
21
22
22
27
29
30
30
30
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
31
.7
.2
.3
.5
.3
.5
.5
.7
.6
.8
.3
.2
.6
.7
.3
.2
.5
.1
.4
.7
15
16
17
18
18
22
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
25
24
.3
.7
.7
.6
.7
.5
.1
.7
.6
.6
.0
.7
.9
.9
.4
.2
.4
.9
.1
.6
31
34
35
35
34
36
38
40
40
40
41
42
42
42
43
43
43
44
44
44
.6
.4
.7
.1
.7
.6
.9
.0
.5
.7
.4
.0
.1
.9
.0
.5
.6
.1
.5
.7
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
15145
13147
14571
14633
14699
1
1
1
1
1
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
20
20
20
20
20
.8
.8
.6
.5
.1
32
32
31
31
30
.1
.2
.8
.7
.9
24
24
24
24
23
.7
.8
.5
.4
.8
45
45
45
46
46
.2
.7
.9
.3
.5
                            Estimated Light Duty Truck
                             Fuel Consumption Share
                       100%
                           Percent
                                        80% -
                                        60%--
                                          75  78  81  84  87  90  93  96  -99
                                        40%
                                        20%
                                        Figure 2
     The trends in truck market  share,  car and truck MPG,  and an
estimate of  vehicle travel can be  combined to estimate the
fraction of  all light-vehicle fuel consumption that can be
attributed to  light trucks.  The values plotted in Figure  2
represent the  fuel-consumption fraction, by model year,
associated with light trucks.

     Considering the fuel used by  both passenger cars and  light
trucks as 100  percent, Figure 2  shows that, on a model year
basis, the estimated share of the  fuel consumed by light trucks
has exceeded 50 percent for the  past five model years and  is
almost 60 percent.  Note that this calculation uses the same
useful life  values that EPA considers for the purposes of
emissions regulations, namely 100,000 miles for cars and 120,000
miles for trucks.  The calculation also assumes that the relative
city and highway driving fractions are the same for both cars and
trucks.

-------
     Table  2  gives vehicle  size  and design characteristics of light-
duty vehicles.   Average interior volume of cars  has  changed very
little  since  1977.  Between 1975 and 1984  (see Figure 3),  average
inertia weight for cars decreased nearly a thousand  pounds; vehicle
performance,  as measured by estimated 0 to 60 time,  was relatively
constant; and average MPG increased from 15.8 to 26.3.

     For  the  next five years,  passenger car inertia  weight remained
relatively  constant; 0 to 60 time decreased by about a second; and
fuel economy  reached a peak of 28.6 in 1988, then dropped to 28.1 the
next year.  With three minor exceptions, passenger car inertia weight
has increased every year since 1989 and is now about 300 pounds
higher  than it was then.  Similarly, estimated 0 to  60 time has
decreased each year and is  now two seconds less  than it was a decade
ago.
                                  Table 2

    VEHICLE SIZE AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DOTY VEHICLES
              MEASURED CHARACTERISTICS
                                                     PERCENT BY
  MODEL SALES
  YEAR  (000)

 Cars
    55/45 VOL  WGHT  0-60  TOP
FRAC  MPG CU-FT LB  TIME  SPD
HP/  VEHICLE SIZE
WT   SMALL MID LARGE
DESIGN
DOM   EOR
                          ASIA  IMPORT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8457
8402
9396
7893
8347
8078
7876
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
.803
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.702
.693
.698
.678
.666
.640
.605
.620
.600
.573
.552
.536
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.8
28.0
27.6
28.2
28.0
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.6
28.1


110
109
108
104
106
106
108
107
108
107
106
107
107
107
106
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
109
4057
4058
3943
3587
3484
3101
3075
3054
3111
3098
3092
3040
3030
3046
3099
3175
3153
3239
3207
3251
3262
3281
3274
3306
3382
14.2
14.4
14.0
13.7
13.8
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.0
13.8
13.3
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.8
11.5
11.6
11.4
10.9
10.8
10.7
10.6
10.5
111
110
111
111
110
107
106
106
108
109
111
111 .
112
113
115
117 !
118 '
120 .
120 ;
121
125
125 •
126 :
127
128
.0331
.0324
.0334
.0342
.0338
.0321
.0319
.0320
.0330
.0338
.0354
.0359
.0365
.0374
.0386
.0401
.0413
.0427
.0425
.0432
.0460
.0463
.0469
.0477
.0483
55.4
55.4
51.9
44.7
43.7
54.4
51.5
56.5
53.1
57.4
55.7
59.5
63.5
64.8
58.3
58.6
61.5
56.5
57.2
58.5
57.3
54.3
55.0
48.3
45.3
23.3
25.2
24.5
34.4
34.2
34.4
36.4
31.0
31.8
29.4
28.9
27.9
24.3
22.3
28.2
28.7
26.2
27.8
29.5
26.1
28.6
32.0
30.7
40.8
39.7
21.3
19.4
23.5
21.0
22.1
11.3
12.2
12.5
15.1
13.2
15.4
12.6
12.2
12.8
13.5
12.8
12.3
15.6
13.3
15.4
14.0
13.6
14.3
11.0
15.0
81.6
84.9
82.2
80.2
80.4
71.2
71.7
70.4
71.0
75.9
72.3
68.2
61.6
61.2
61.9
56.8
56.2
58.3
60.4
55.8
58.5
57.8
55.0
56.1
54.4
8.2
5.4
5.5
6.3
5.6
8.4
6.0
6.3
5.5
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.9
6.3
5.5
5.0
4.6
4.1
3.4
4.0
5.4
5.1
6.5
7.7
9.2
10.3
9.7
12.2
13.5
14.0
20.4
22.3
23.3
23.5
18.1
21.6
25.1
31.5
32.5
32.6
38.2
39.2
37.7
36.2
40.2
36.1
37.0
38.5
36.2
36.4
18.4
15.1
17.8
19.8
19.6
28.8
28.3
29.6
29.0
24.1
27.7
31.8
38.4
38.8
38.1
43.2
43.8
41.7
39.6
44.2
41.5
42.2
45.0
43.9
45.6

-------
                            Table  2  (continued)




VEHICLE SIZE AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS  C)F 1975  TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
MODEL
YEAR
Trucks
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Both
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)

1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4049
4064
4754
5481
5749
5254
6224
6555
6822

10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14453
12615
12573
12172
13211
13883
15145
13147
14571
14633
14699
• MiABU
FRAC

.194
.212
.200
.227
.222
.165
.173
.197
.223
.239
.254
.283
.278
.298
.307
.302
.322
.334
.360
.395
.380
.400
.427
.448
.464

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Ktu un>
55/45
MPG

13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
21.3
20.8
21.0
20.8
20.5
20.8
20.7
20.6
20.3

15.3
16.7
17.7
18.6
18.7
22.5
24.1
24.7
24.6
24.6
25.0
25.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.2
25.4
24.9
25.1
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.5
24.4
23.8
iKAUirji-
WGHT
LB

4072
4154
4135
4151
4251
3868
3805
3805
3763
3782
3795
3737
3712
3841
3921
4005
3948
4055
4073
4133
4184
4224
4331
4319
4433

4060
4079
3981
3715
3655
3227
3201
3201
3257
3261
3271
3237
3220
3283
3351
3426
3409
3512
3518
3599
3612
3658
3726
3760
3870
^-LBT-H-;:
0-60
TIME

13.6
13.8
13.3
13.4
14.3
14.5
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.7
14.1
14.0
13.3
12.9
12.8
12.6
12.6
12.5
12.1
12.0
12.0
11.5
11.4
11.2
11.1

14.1
14.3
13.8
13.6
13.9
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.1
14.0
13.5
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.5
12.2
12.1
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.3
11.1
11.0
10.8
10.8
TOP
SPD

114
113
115
114
111
108
108
109
108
108
110
110
113
115
116
117
117
118
120
121
121
124
125
127
127

112
111
112
112
110
107
107
107
108
109
110
111
112
114
115
117
118
120
120
121
123
125
126
127
128
HP/
WT

.0347
.0338
.0354
.0349
.0324
.0311
.0309
.0315
.0311
.0309
.0325
.0329
.0350
.0365
.0371
.0376
.0379
.0381
.0398
.0401
.0401
.0422
.0428
.0438
.0440

.0334
.0327
.0338
.0343
.0335
.0319
.0318
.0319
.0325
.0331
.0347
.0351
.0361
.0372
.0382
.0393
.0402
.0412
.0415
.0420
.0437
.0447
.0451
.0459
.0463
	 rEjKO&WT £
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALJ,

10.9
9.0
11.1
10.9
15.2
28.4
23.2
21.1
16.6
19.5
19.2
23.5
19.9
15.0
13.9
13.4
11.4
10.4
8.8
9.7
8.6
6.5
10.0
7.5
7.8

46.8
45.6
43.8
37.0
37.3
50.1
46.6
49.6
44.9
48.4
46.5
49.3
51.4
50.0
44.7
44.9
45.3
41.1
39.8
39.2
38.8
35.2
35.8
30.0
27.9
MID LARGE

24.2
20.3
20.3
22.7
19.5
17.6
19.1
31.0
45.9
46.4
48.5
48.5
59.6
57.2
58.9
59.0
67.2
64.0
65.3
62.3
63.5
67.1
53.4
58.3
55.5

23.5
24.2
23.7
31.7
30.9
31.6
33.4
31.0
34.9
33.4
33.9
33.7
34.1
32.7
37.6
37.8
39.4
39.9
42.4
40.4
41.9
46.0
40.4
48.6
47.0

64.9
70.7
68.5
66.3
65.3
54.0
57.7
47.9
37.6
34.1
32.3
28.0
20.6
27.8
27.2
27.6
21.4
25.6
25.9
28.0
27.9
26.4
36.7
34.2
36.7

29.8
30.3
32.5
31.2
31.7
18.3
20.0
19.5
20.1
18.2
19.7
17.0
14.5
17.3
17.7
17.2
15.2
19.0
17.8
20.4
19.3
18.7
23.9
21.4
25.0
51 	
DESIGN

DOM IMPORT

88.7
90.9
88.5
89.1
84.7
69.4
72.0
76.3
78.5
78.0
80.1
70.3
72.3
81.1
81.9
80.3
79.7
82.2
82.6
82.9
80.8
84.7
83.3
82.6
81.3

82.9
86.2
83.5
82.2
81.4
70.9
71.7
71.6
72.7
76.4
74.2
68.8
64.6
67.1
68.1
63.9
63.8
66.3
68.4
66.5
67.0
68.6
67.1
68.0
66.9

11.3
9.1
11.5
10.9
15.3
30.6
28.0
23.7
21.5
22.0
19.9
29.7
27.7
18.9
18.1
19.7
20.3
17.8
17.4
17.1
19.2
15.3
16.7
17.4
18.7

17.1
13.8
16.5
17.8
18.6
29.1
28.3
28.4
27.3
23.6
25.8
31.2
35.4
32.9
31.9
36.1
36.2
33.7
31.6
33.5
33.0
31.4
32.9
32.0
33.1

-------
  „
  35
     MPG and Performance

       Passenger Cars

MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)    Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
  30 .4-
  25*
  20.-
  15 -	|-2500
                            -.4000
                            -.3500
                            -.3000
                             2000
   1970  1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
             Model Year
                                           MPG and Performance
                                             Light Duty Trucks
                                      MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
                Inwti* Weight (lb».)
10
                                                               4500
                                                               4000
                                                              -.3500
                                                              -.3000
                          -.2500
                                                               2000
                                     1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
                                               Model Year
  Figures
                                    Figure 4
     As  indicated in Figure  4,  average inertia weight  for trucks
reached  a minimum value of 3737 pounds in 1985 and has increased
nearly 700  pounds since then. Between 1975 and 1984, estimated 0
to 60 time  for trucks increased from 13.6 to 14.7 seconds and has
since decreased to 11.1 seconds.   For model year 1999,  light
truck fuel  economy is nearly 50 percent higher than  it was in
1975, but most of this increase occurred between 1975  and 1981.

     Figure 5 compares another  estimated performance metric: top
speed, which like estimated  0 to 60 time is calculated from the
ratio of horsepower to weight.   The trends for both  cars and
trucks are  very similar and  are difficult to distinguish.  As
with 0 to 60 time, estimated top speed for both cars and trucks
remained relatively constant for a few years in the  late 70's,
then dropped slightly during the early 80's, and has since
increased from a nominal  110 MPH in 1984 to over 125 MPH in 1999.

     Figures 3 and 4 indicate that the weight increase that has
occurred in recent years  has not been accompanied by a
substantial reduction in  MPG.   Cars and light trucks thus are
getting  more efficient at moving their weight around.   Accounting
for vehicle weight in a measure of vehicle efficiency  can be
accomplished by looking at ton-MPG which, as previously
mentioned,  is defined for the purpose of this paper  as a
10

-------
    Estimated Top Speed by Model Year
      Ton-MPG by Model Year
  150
    Top Speed (MPH)
  140 -
  130:-
  120:-
  110:-
  100
                                    SO
                                      Ton-MPG
                                    45.-
                                    40.-
                                    35--
                                    30.-
   1970 1975 1980 1985 1990  1995  2000
               Model Year

  Figure 5
                                                     4-
                                                         4-
25
 1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
             Model Year

Figure 6
vehicle's weight  in tons times its MPG.   Figure 6 shows that
since 1975  cars have improved in ton-MPG  by about 48 percent;
trucks by about 58  percent.  On a ton-MPG basis,  however, trucks
lag behind  the performance of cars by about a half dozen years,
while on an MPG basis (see Figure 1), they are much farther
behind.

     Figures  7 and  8 show the cumulative  distribution of MPG for
model year  1999 passenger cars and trucks,  respectively.  About
80 percent  of the 1999 cars get between 25 and 35 MPG; less than
2 percent get less  than 22 MPG; and about 2 percent get more than
38 MPG.  Similarly  for .trucks, about 80 percent get between 16
and 25 MPG; less  than 5 percent get less  than 16 MPG; and less
than 3 percent get  more than 28 MPG.

     Figure 9 shows average weight and  interior volume for model
year 1999 cars by MPG band. EPA does not  define interior volume
for trucks, but  similar weight data by MPG band for trucks is
shown in Figure  10  and estimated 0 to 60  data by MPG band for
1999 and 1986 cars  and trucks are shown in Figures 11 and 12,
respectively. The  results show that vehicles with high MPG have
less performance, are lighter, and  (for passenger cars) tend to
have smaller  interior volumes than vehicles with low MPG.
                                                                  11

-------
   100%
          Cumulative Sales Fraction
            1999 Passenger Cars

        Sates Fraction
    80% , -
    60%,,
    40%,.
    20%..
       10   15  20  25   30   35   40  45  50
                       MPG
    Figure 7
                                                100%
                            Cumulative Sales Fraction
                             1999 Light Duty Trucks

                         Safes Fraction
                                                 80%. -
                                                 60%-.
                                                 40%
                     20%
                        10   15   20  25  30   35   40   45  50
                                         MPG
                      Figure 8
  Inertia Weight and Interior Volume vs MPG
            1999 Passenger Cars
   8500
       IrHHtiaWWght(lbs)
Volume (cu. ft)
                                        160
   1500
      10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45
                     MPG
   FlflUf* 9
                                                8500
                              Inertia Weight vs MPG
                             1999 Light Duty Trucks
                                                    ln«rti« Weight 
-------
         MPG vs 0 to 60 Time
           Passenger Cars
    MPG
              10    15
            O to 60 Time (Sec.)
                        20
25
             MPG vs 0 to 60 Time

              Light Duty Trucks
                                     MPG
  10    15
O to 60 Time (Sec.)
                                                          20
  Figure 11
      Figure 12
                                                               25
     The MPG/performance  interdependence was quantified by means
of the regression lines shown  in Figures 11 and 12.  These
regression lines indicate the  sensitivity of MPG to estimated 0 to
60 time.  Using these  sensitivities,  MPG data at one level can be
adjusted to what it would have been at another 0 to 60 level.

     Table 3 and Figures  13  and 14 provide estimates of what the
MPG of the car and truck  fleet would have been each model year if:

      (1) the average acceleration time was kept at 13.2
         seconds, the  average  value cars achieved in 1986 and
         about the value  that  trucks achieved the following year;

      (2) the weight mix had  been kept the same as in 1986; and

      (3) both the 1986 weight  distribution and average
         acceleration  time were 13.2 seconds.

     Had there not been a trade-off in weight and performance as
measured by the 0 to  60 indicator, MY99 cars might have averaged
33 MPG, and MY99 trucks might  have averaged 25 MPG.  In both
cases, these values are about  five MPG higher than the actual MY99
values.  Note that  for passenger cars, all three scenarios give
the same MPG results  as the  actual MPG values for MY86.
                                                                   13

-------
                                         Table 3
                      Effect of Weight and 0 to  60  Time Changes
                         On  1975  to 1999  Light Duty Vehicles
             Model
             Year
             Cars
 actual
0 to  60
  Time
             Trucks
 Actual
Inertia
 Weight
Actual
 55/45
  MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
14.2
14.4
14.0
13.7
13.8
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.0
13.8
13.3
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.8
11.5
11.6
11.4
10.9
10.8
10.7
10.6
10.5
4058
4059
3944
3588
3485
3101
3076
3054
3112
3099
3093
3041
3031
3047
3099
3176
3154
3240
3207
3251
3263
3282
3274
3307
3383
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.8
28.0
27.6
28.2
28.0
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.6
28.1
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
13.6
13.8
13.3
13.4
14.3
14.5
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.7
14.1
14.6
13.3
12.9
12.8
12.6
12.6
12.5
12.1
12.0
12.0
11.5
11.2
11.2
11.1
4072
4155
4135
4151
4252
3869
3806
3806
3763
3782
3795
3738
3713
3841
3921
4005
3948
4056
4073
4134
4184
4255
4332
4320
4433
13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
1
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
21.3
20.8
21.0
20.8
20.5
20.8
20.7
20.6
20.3
<— Adjusted 55/45 MPG Using —>
 13.2 Sec. 1986 Wt.   Both 0 to 60
  0 to 60    Mix    & 1986 Wt. Mix
15.2
16.6
17.8
19.5
19.8
22.5
24.0
24.9
25.2
25.8
26.9
27.9
28.2
29.0
28.9
28.9
29.4
29.3
29.8
29.8
30.7
30.7
31.0
31.4
30.9
20.6
22.5
23.2
22.9
22.6
23.7
25.0
25.9
26.4
26.6
27.3
27.9
28.0
28.7
28.7
29.0
29.0
29.3
29.6
29.8
30.3
30.4
30.4
30.8
30.7
19.4
20.9
22.1
22.2
21.9
22.7
24.1
24.9
25.6
26.2
27.2
27.9
28.2
29.1
29.4
29.9
30.3
30.8
31.1
31.3
32.5
32.6
32.6
33.2
33.1
13.4
14.0
15.5
15.1
14.0
17.6
19.0
19.4
19.7
19.3
19.9
20.8
21.4
21.3
21.1
21.1
21.7
21.2
21.7
21.6
21.3
22.0
22.0
22.1
21.8
15.1
16.0
17.5
17.4
16.7
18.6
20.3
20.7
21.0
20.7
20.9
21.4
21.5
21.7
21.7
22.0
22.2
22.2
22.5
22.6
22.5
23.0
23.2
23.3
23.6
14.6
15.4
17.2
17.1
15.9
17.4
19.1
19.5
19.9
19.5
20.2
20.8
21.3
21.9
22.0
22.4
22.5
22.7
23.2
23.4
23.4
24.3
24.5
24.8
25.2
14

-------
  Effect of Weight and 0 to 60 Changes
         on Passenger Car MPG
35
   MPG
30 --
25--
20
15
10
  caicuiatea using:
*1986 VW8.& Accel.
x 13.2 sec. 0 to 60 time
+ 1988 Weight Mix
_ Actual Data
        4-
              -t-
                               -t-
 1970  1975  1980   1985  1990  1995  2000
                   Model Year

Figure 13
                                                35
                            Effect of Weight and 0 to 60 Changes
                                  on Light Duty Truck MPG

                            MPG
                                                30.-
                                                25
                                                20 --
                                                15--
                                Calculated using:
                              c1986VWs.& 13.2 sec.
                              x 13.2 Sec. 0 to 60
                              I  1986 Wt Mix
                              _ Actual Data
                                                                         -f-
                          10
                           1970   1975  1980  1985   1990  1995  2000
                                            Model Year

                          Figure 14
                                                                                           15

-------
III.  Technology Trends

     Vehicle  technologies studied in  this  report include engines,
transmissions,  and usage of front-, rear-,  and four-wheel drive.
Overall trends  in these technologies  are presented in Table 4.
Additional  data stratified by transmission type and number of
gears, by number of engine cylinders,  and  by number of valves per
cylinder are  presented in Appendices  E, F,  and G,  respectively.

     Figures  15 and 16 compare the trends  since 1975 for
horsepower  (HP),  displacement  (CID) ,  and specific power or
horsepower  per  cubic inch (HP/CID) for passenger cars and light
trucks. In  both cases, significant CID reductions occurred in the
late 1970's and early 1980's.  Since  1985,  however, engine
displacement  has continued to decrease for cars, but not for
light trucks.   For both vehicle types, average horsepower has
increased over  60 percent since 1981.  Engines in both vehicle
types, thus,  have also improved in HP/CID,  with engines used in
passenger cars  improving at a faster  rate  than truck engines.  In
fact, passenger car engines are projected  to achieve 1.0 HP/CID
this year,  compared to .8 HP/CID for  trucks.  Current engine-
related data  are summarized in Table  5.
      Passenger Car Horsepower, CID
        and Horsepower per CID
  350
     HP, CID
                          HP/CID
    1970 1875 1980  1985 1990 1995 2000
              Model Year
   Light Duty Truck Horsepower, CID
      and Horsepower per CID
                                    350
   HP, CID
                                                           HP/CID
 1970 1975  1980 1986 1990 1995 2000
            Modal Year
   Figure 15
Figure 16
16

-------
                                                  TABLE  4

                VEHICLE SIZE AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS  OF  1975  TO  1999  LIGHT  DUTY VEHICLES

        <	MEASURED CHARACTERISTICS-X	PERCENT OF VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH -
 MODEL  SALES
 YEAR   (000)

Cars
      55/45   ENGINE
FRAC   MPG   CID   HP
HP/  DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
CID  FRONT 4WD   MANUAL  LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI   TBI  PORT  CARB
                                                        DSL
FOUR
VALVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
' 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Trucks
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8457
8402
9396
7893
8347
8078
7876

1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4049
4064
4754
5481
5749
5254
6224
6555
6822
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
.803 '
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.702
.693
.698
.678
.666
.640
.605
.620
.600
.573
.552
.536

.194
.212
.200
.227
.222
.165
.173
.197
.223
.239
.254
.283
.278
.298
.307
.302
.322
.334
.360
.395
.380
.400
.427
.448
.464
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.8
28.0
27.6
28.2
28.0
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.6
28.1

13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
21.3
20.8
21.0
20.8
20.5
20.8
20.7
20.6
20.3
288
287
279
251
238
188
182
175
182
179
177
167
162
160
163
163
163
170
166
168
167
165
164
164
169

311
319
318
314
298
248
247
243
231
224
224
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
240
244
243
246
244
249
136
134
133
124
119
100
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
141
138
143
152
154
156
160
166

142
141
147
146
138
121
119
120
118
118
124
123
' 131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
186
190
196
515
.502
.516
.538
.545
.583
.594
.609
.615
.637
.671
.701
.732
.759
.783
.829
.851
.868
.865
.883
.945
.958
.975
.993
1.003

.476
.457
.482
.481
.486
.527
.508
.524
.543
.557
.586
.620
.653
.650
.653
.667
.681
.685
.710
.715
.715
.757
.775
.801
.809
6.5
5.8
6.8
9.6
11.9 .3
29.7 .9
37.0 .7
45.6 .8
47.3 3.1
53.7 1.0
61.6 2.1
71.1 1.1
77.0 1.1
81.7 .8
82.5 1.0
84.6 1.0
83.2 1.4
80.8 1.1
85.1 1.2
84.2 .7
82.0 1.2
86.5 1.5
86.5 1.7
87.3 2.1
84.7 2.5

17.1
22.9
23.6
29.0
18.0
1.4 25.0
1.9 20.1
1.7 20.0
1.4 25.8
4.9 31.0
7.1 30.6
5.9 30.3
7.4 31.5
9.0 33.3
9.9 32.0
15.5 31.3
9.7 35.3
13.6 31.4
15.1 29.5
13.7 36.4
17.7 40.7
20.1 37.1 .
13.6 42.9
19.0 43.8
17.2 46.9
19.9
17.1
16.8
20.2
22.3
31.9
30.4
29.7
27.4
24.2
23.6
24.8
24.9
24.3
21.0
19.6
20.5
17.3
17.8
16.0
16.2
14.9
13.5
13.8
13.7

37.0
34.8
32.0
32.4
35.2
53.0
51.6
45.7
45.9
42.1
37.1
42.7
39.9
35.5
32.7
28.1
31.0
27.3
23.3
23.9
20.5
15.6
15.6
13.9
13.0


6.7
8.0
16.5
33.3
51.4
56.7
58.3
58.7
58.0
59.5
66.1
69.3
72.9
73.5
76.4
76.9
79.4
81.9
83.5
85.9
83.7
85.9





2.1
24.6
31.1
33.2
36.1
35.1
42.2
42.0
44.8
53.1
56.8
67.4
67.4
71.5
75.7
74.7
78.6
83.5
84.0
85.6
86.7
5.1
3.2
4.2
5.1
4.7
6.9
8.8
17.0
28.3
39.4
53.5
65.1
73.0
83.7
90.2
98.6
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.7
99.7

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
1.7
1.1
.7
.6
2.6
12.3
40.5
66.9
87.7
93.5
96.0
98.2
98.4
99.0
99.6
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0




.7
2.6
9.8
18.9
24.4
32.0
28.4
30.5
30.0
27.8
21.1
21.8
10.4
8.4
5.0
1.2
1.1
.8
.2












.2
18.7
33.6
44.4
47.6
40.8
43.2
32.5
25.7
23.2
20.2




5.1
3.2
4.2
5.1
4.7
6.2
6.1
7.2
9.5
15.0
21.4
36.7
42.5
53.7
62.4
77.5
78.0
89.5
91.6
95.0
98.8
98.8
99.1
99.5
99.6












21.8
33.3
43.3
45.9
55.2
55.0
65.9
73.4
76.5
79.8
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.6
96.6
95.3
94.0
93.2
88.7
85.3
78.4
69.6
58.9
45.6
34.5
26.8
16.3
9.7
1.4










99.9
99.9
99.9
99.1
97.9
94.9
93.3
90.0
94.7
95.1
86.7
58.7
32.9
12.1
6.3
3.9
1.6
1.5
1.0
.4





.2
.3
.5
.9
2.1
4.4
5.9
4.7
2.1
1.7.
.9
.3
.3



.1
.1


.1
.1
.1
.3
.3




.8
1.8
3.5
5.6
9.3
4.7
2.3
1.1
.7
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1



.1













1.6
5.6
10.4
12.8
25.7
-28.2
29.7
32.8
39.0
52.1
56.2
57.5
58.8
60.3



















.2
2.8
8.1
10.4
11.0
14.3
15.7
                                                                                                           17

-------
                                           TABLE 4 (CONTINUED)

                VEHICLE  SIZE AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975  TO  1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES

        <	MEASURED CHARACTERISTICS-X	PERCENT OF VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH  -
 MODEL  SALES        55/45   ENGINE
 YEAR   (000)   FRAG   MPG   CID   HP

Both
HP/  DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
CID  FRONT 4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI   TBI   PORT  CARB
                      DSL
FOUR
VALVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
10224 1.000
12334 1.000
14123 1.000
14448 1.000
13882 1.000
11306 1.000
10554 1.000
9732 1.000
10302 1.000
14020 1.000
14460 1.000
15365 1.000
14865 1.000
15295 1.000
14453 1.000
12615 1.000
12573 1.000
12172 1.000
13211 1.000
13883 1.000
15145 1.000
13147 1.000
14571 1.000
14633 1.000
14699 1.000
15.3
16.7
17.7
18.6
18.7
22.5
24.1
24.7
24.6
24.6
25.0
25.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.2
25.4
24.9
25.1
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.5
24.4
23.8
293
294
287
266
252
198
193
188
193
190
189
180
175
180
185
185
184
191
191
196
196
197
199
200
206
137
135
136
129
124
104
102
103
107
109
114
114
118
123
129
135
138
145
147
'152
158
164
169
173
180
.507
.493
.509
.525
.532
.574
.579
.593
.599
.618
.649
.678
.710
.726
.743
.781
.796
.807
.809
.817
.857
.878
.889
.907
.913
5.3
4.6
5.5
7.4
9.2
25.0
31.0
37.0
37.0
42.1
47.8
52.6
57.7
60.0
60.2
63.8
59.6
58.4
59.9
56.4
57.6
60.0
55.4
56.7
53.4
3.3
4.8
4.7
6.6
4.3
4.9
4.0
4.6
8.1
8.2
9.3
9.3
9.6
10.5
10.5
10.1
12.3
11.2
11.4
14.8
16.2
15.7
19.3
20.8
23.1
23.2
20.9
19.8
23.0
25.1
35.4
34.1
32.8
31.5
28.5
27.0
29.8
29.1
27.6
24.6
22.2
23.9
20.6
19.8
19.1
17.8
15.2
14.4
13.8
13.4

5.2
6.7
17.8
33.0
47.8
52.1
52.8
54.5
53.5
55.4
62.2
65.5
71.2
71.6
74.8
76.5
77.5
80.7
83.5
85.0
84.6
86.3
4.1
2.5
3.4
3.9
3.7
6.0
7.5
13.8
22.1
30.6
43.0
58.2
71.3
84.9
91.2
97.8
99.3
99.4
99.7
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.8



.6
2.2
7.9
14.7
18.6
23.9
25.7
31.4
34.3
33.9
27.0
28.7
17.8
14.6
12.2
8.4
.7
.5
.1

4.1
2.5
3.4
3.9
3.7
5.2
5.1
5.8
7.3
11.4
16.0
32.5
39.9
50.6
57.3
70.8
70.6
81.6
85.0
87.7
91.6
99.3
99.5
99.7
99.8
95.7
97.3
96.2
95.2
94.2
89.7
86.7
80.6
75.2
67 . 6
56.1
41.4
28.4
15.0
8.7
2.1
.6
.5
.3
.1





.2
.2
.4
.9
2.0
4.3
5.9
5.6
2.7
1.8
.9
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1



.1
.1
.2
.2









1.1
4.0
7.3
8.9
17.9
19.1
19.8
21.1
24.7
.J5.4
37.9
37.6
38.9
39.6
    Displacement by Number of Cylinders
               Passenger Cars
              Displacement by Number of Cylinders
                        Light Duty Trucks
350.
300
250.
200-
150,
100.
BO
Bflhta^
\_
. . , 	 ^A&&B&&*&&»&G&:^-
^^&
S|X ^^^-M-
	 	 ^*^-»-' >'**<»*>>
^mmmm. ••••••. •—*
l-our m^v****" •• ••••••
.... I 	 ,-t, 	 ,,!,,, 	 1 , ... I .... I ..
                                                  400
                                                      Displacement (CID)
                                                  350

                                                  300

                                                  250

                                                  200

                                                  ISO

                                                  100 1
                 Eight
                 Four i
     1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                     Model Year
    Figure 17
             50
              1970  1975   1980  1988  1990  1995   2000
                               Model Year

             Figure 18
18

-------
                                Table 5
Car and Light Truck
Engine Characteristics - 1999
Vehicle Type
Passenger Car
Light Truck
Horsepower (HP)
166
196
Displacement (CID)
169
249
HP/CID
1.00
0.81
     Because of  the differences in specific power,  for model-year
1999,  truck engines average  about 18 percent more  horsepower  but
nearly 50 percent  greater  displacement,  compared to the average
passenger car engine.

     Figures 17  and 18 show  cubic-inch displacement (CID) by
number of cylinders for cars and light trucks; Figures 19 and 20
normalize this data and show CID per cylinder for  both vehicle
types.   For both cars and  light trucks,  displacement of six-  and--
     Displacement Per Engine Cylinder
            Passenger Cars
    Displacement (CID)
                                      SO
   Displacement per Engine Cylinder
         Light Duty Trucks

  Displacement (CID)
                                      45 -


                                      40


                                      35


                                      30


                                      25 -
  20
   1970 1975  1980  1985  1990 1995  2000
                Model Year

  Figure 19
20
 1970  1975 1980  1985  1990  1995 2000
              Model Year

Figure 20
                                                                     19

-------
eight-cylinder  engines has decreased,  but displacement of four-
cylinder engines has increased.  Most  of these changes occurred
between 1975  and 1985 when, for example,  eight-cylinder car
engine CID  decreased about 20 percent,  i.e.,  from 376 to 296 CID.
Similarly,  six-cylinder car engines  decreased from 225 CID in
1975 to 200 in  1986 and 194 this year.   Conversely, four-cylinder
passenger engine displacement increased from 112 CID in 1975 to
120 CID in  1985.

     CID per cylinder, thus, has converged for cars from a range
of about 27 to  47 CID per cylinder  in  1975 to a range of about 32
to 35 CID per cylinder this year.   Similarly, CID per cylinder
for trucks  remains somewhat higher  than that for cars but has
converged from a range of about 30  to  45 CID per cylinder to a
range of 35 to  40.

     Figures 21 and 22 indicate that horsepower has increased for
four-/  six-,  and eight-cylinder engines for both vehicle types.
Eight-cylinder car engines, for example, now attain 242 HP,
compared to 167 HP in MY75.  This  represents an increase of
nearly  45 percent.  By comparison,  six-cylinder engines have
achieved at least 167 HP every year since MY95.
    Horsepower by Number of Cylinders
            Passenger Cars
 Horsepower by Number of Cylinders
         Light Trucks
  300
     Horsepower
                                     300
                                       Horsepower
    1970 1975 1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                Modal Year
   Figure 21
 1970  1975  1980  1985 1990  1995  2000
           Model Year

Figure 22
 20

-------
       Horsepower Per Cylinder
           Passenger Cars
    Horsepower/Cylinder
     Horsepower Per Cylinder
        Light Duty Trucks
  Horsepower/Cylinder
  10
   1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
              Model Year

  Figure 23
 1970  1975  1980  1985  1990 1995  2000
            Model Year

Figure 24
     On a percentage basis,  an  even greater increase  has occurred
for six-cylinder engines which,  for MY99, are expected to average
188 HP compared to 105 in MY75.   Six-cylinder engines thus will
achieve higher horsepower this  year than eight-cylinder ones did
every year  from 1975 to 1990.   Similarly, for MY99,  four-cylinder
car engines will average 129 HP,  or more than the  six-cylinder
engines did for any year between 1975 and 1985.

     As shown in Figures 23  and 24, horsepower-per-cylinder has
changed at  very similar rates for four-, six-,  and eight-cylinder
engines.  Between 1975 and  1986,  horsepower-per-cylinder for both
cars and trucks at this level of stratification changed very
little.  Since then, for both vehicle types, it has increased
considerably and is now a nominal 50 percent higher than it was a
decade ago.
                                                                   21

-------
     Specific  power (HP/CID) has  also changed at slightly
different  rates for the engine  sizes and types presented in
Figures 25  and 26.  Since 1975,  for  both cars and trucks,  four-
cylinder engines achieved higher  specific power values  than their
six- and eight-cylinder counterparts. For MY99, six- and eight-
cylinder car engines achieved significantly higher specific power
than four-cylinder car engines  did  a decade ago.

     Specific  power improvement for trucks has lagged that  for
cars and is currently behind by about four or five years.   For
example, four-cylinder truck engines currently have a specific
power rating of .95 HP/CID, a value four-cylinder car engines
surpassed  in MY94 when they first averaged .96 HP/CID.

     Figures 27 and 28 compare  sales fractions by four-,  six- and
eight-cylinder engines for cars and light trucks.  For  purposes
of this analysis, two-, three-, five-,  ten- and twelve-cylinder
car engines are combined into a category labeled Bother'.   Even
on a combined  basis, these  Bother'  engines have accounted for a
very small  percentage of the cars built each year since 1975.
      HP/CID by Number of Cylinders
           Passenger Cars
  1.25
     HP/CIO
  1.00..
  0.75 - -
  0.50..
  0.25
                        -t-
                                    1.25
    HP/CID by Number of Cylinders
           Light Trucks
   HP/CID
                                    1.00--
                                    0.75
                                    0.50- -
    1970 1975 1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                Modal Year
0.25
                                           I .... I
  1970  1975  1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
             Model Year
  Flgur* 25
 Figure 26
22

-------
     The sales  fraction for eight-cylinder engines has dropped
for cars from nearly 60 percent in 1975,  to about 20 percent in
1981, to the 10-percent level in 1990 "where it has remained.
Most of this decrease occurred between  1975 and 1980.  Similarly,
the sales  fraction for eight-cylinder truck engines dropped from
75 percent in 1975 to about 35 percent  in 1983 and about 19
percent in 1991.  Since then, however, the sales fraction of
eight-cylinder  engines has nearly doubled and is projected to be
back at about 35  percent this year.

     The sales  fraction of six-cylinder car engines remained
within a relatively narrow range  (i.e.,  about 18, plus or minus
two percent) between 1975 and 1979.  Since then, their sales
fraction has more than doubled and is projected to be about 40
percent this year.  From 1975 to 1992,  a similar trend occurred
for six-cylinder  truck engines.  Their  sales fraction increased
from less  than  15 percent in 1975 to over 60 percent in 1992 but
since then has  dropped back to the 50-percent level.

     Four-cylinder engines now account  for more than 50 percent
of MY99 cars but  less than 15 percent of 1999 trucks (See Figures
27 and 28).
   Sales Fraction by Number of Cylinders
            Passenger Cars
                      Sales Fraction by Number of Cylinders
                               Light Trucks
  100%
   75%
   50%
      Sales Fraction
                                    100%
                                     80%
                                     60%
                                        Sales Fraction
   25%
          1980
1985   1990
Model Year
                          1995
                                     40%
                                     20%
                                            1980
1985   1990
Model Year
                                                            1995
    Figure 27
                      Figure 28
                                                                  23

-------
     Passenger car engines have'  high values of HP per CID because
not only HP  per CID is improving,  but also the fraction of  the
higher specific-power engines  is increasing.  Figures 29 and  30
show HP/CID  for engines with 2-,  3-,  and 4-valve-per-cylinder
cylinder-head configurations for cars arid trucks.  Trucks with
the same cylinder-head configuration have lower specific power
than do the  corresponding passenger car engines.

     Figures 31 and 32 show the  market share by number of valves
per cylinder for cars and trucks.  The introduction and use  of
four-valve engines for light trucks has trailed that of cars.
Almost 85 percent of all truck engines still have two valves  per
cylinder, but the market share of 4-valve-per-cylinder passenger
car engines  is now over the 60-percent mark.

     The use of four valves per  cylinder in passenger car engines
grew rapidly between 1987 and  1995, but its rate of growth  has
been much slower since then.   The increased use of this engine
technology belongs in the same category as successful
technologies like port fuel injection, front-wheel drive, and the
lockup 4-speed transmission  (see Figure 33).  In contrast,  3-
valve-per-cylinder engines can be grouped with the less
successful technologies like throttle body fuel injection  (TBI)
and lockup 3-speed (L3) transmissions  (See Figure 34).

  HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylinder     HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylinder
           Passenger Cars                      Light Duty Trucks
   1.2
     HP/CID
   1.0..
   0.8..
   0.8. -
   0.4
                         4-Valve ..
                                    1.2
                                       HP/CIO
                                    1.0--
                                     0.8..
                                     0.6..
                                     0.4
    1986 1937 1989 1991  1993 1995 1997  1999
                                         2-Valve
                                                         -f-
 198S 1987  1989 1991  1993  1996 1997 1999
               Model Year
                                                 Model Year
   Figure 29
Figure 30
24

-------
100%
     Number of Valves Per Cylinder"
            Passenger Cars

     Sales Fraction
 60%.,
 40%..
EX] Two Valves
o Three Valves
^ Four Valves
• Five Valves
 20%.,
   1986  1988  1990  1992  1994  1996  1998
                   Model Year

  Figure 31
                                              100%
                                               80%
                                               60%-,
                                               40%
                                               20%
                                                0%--
                                            Number of Valves Per Cylinder
                                                   Light Duty Trucks

                                            Sales Fraction
                                          1986  1988  1990  1992  1994  1996  1998
                                                          Model Year

                                         Figure 32
 Passenger Car Technology Penetration
     Years After First Significant Use
100%
 80%
 60%
     Sales Fraction
 40%
 20%
                     Years
                                         Passenger Car Technology Penetration
                                            Years After First Significant Use
                                               100%
                                                    Sates Fraction
                                                80%--
                                                60%
                                                40%
                                                20%--
                                                 0%
                                                 Figure 34
                                                                            L3 Trans
                                                                   Years
   Figure 33
                                                                                        25

-------
      Figures 35 and 36  compare the sales fractions by
transmission type and number of gears for cars  and trucks,
respectively. Manual transmission usage peaked  slightly above 30
percent  for cars in 1980  and has been below  15  percent since
1996.  Similarly, it peaked at more than 50  percent that same
year  for trucks and has also dropped below 15 percent.

      Two important changes  have occurred for both vehicle types,
the addition of a gear  for  both automatic and manual
transmissions and, for  the  automatics, conversion to lockup
torque converter transmissions. Both of these figures indicate
that  the L4 transmission  is currently the predominant
transmission type for both  cars and trucks.  Trucks '-ave not
lagged cars in the introduction of L4 transmissions.   Where
manual transmissions are  used,  the 5-speed (M5)  transmission now
predominates.  The increasing trend in ton-MPG  discussed earlier
can be attributed tp better vehicle design,  including more
efficient engines, better transmission design,  and better
matching of the engine  and  transmission.
  100%
       Transmission Sales Fraction
            Passenger Cars

      Sales Fraction
100%
     Transmission Sales Fraction

         Light Duty Trucks

    Sales Fraction
   75%,.
   50%..
                                     80%..
                                     60%..
   26%..
     1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999
               Model Year

    Figure 35
                                     40%
                                     20%
  1979 1982 1985 1988  1991  1994  1997
              Model Year

 Figure 36
26

-------
        Passenger Car Ton-MPG
   By Transmission and Number of Gears
       Light Truck Ton-MPG

 By Transmission and Number of Gears
    Ton-MPG
                                    55
                                      Ton-MPG
                                    50 -
                                   45 -
                                   40
                                    30 -
  25
                                    25
   1975  1980  1985  1990   1995  2000
 1975   1980  1985  1990   1995  2000
               Model Year
                                                Model Year
  Figure 37
Figure 38
     In recent  years,  trucks with L4 and M5 transmissions have
achieved about  the  same ton-MPG; cars with M5  transmissions
achieved about  2  ton-MPG more than their L4 counterparts.

     Powertrains  are matched to the load better  when the engine
operates closer to  its best efficiency point more of the time.
For many conventional engines, this point is approximately 2000
RPM and 2/3 of  the  maximum torque at that speed.   One way to make
the engine operate  more closely to its best efficiency point is
to increase the number of gears in the transmission and, for
automatic transmissions, using a lockup torque converter.

     Figures  37 and 38 indicate that ton-MPG improves when more
transmission  gears  are added and lockup torque converters used.
For both cars and light trucks, ton-MPG improves by about 10
percent with  the  addition of a gear and a lockup torque
converter.  It  should be noted that between 1981 and 1982 there
was a sharp increase in ton-MPG for light trucks with L4
converters.   As the data in Appendix E indicates, diesel engines
were used in  about  44 percent of the 1982 trucks with this
transmission  type,  compared to about ten percent the next year,
and about five  percent in 1984.
                                                                 27

-------
  Front, Rear and Four Wheel Drive Usage
           Passenger Cars
  100%
  80%
  60%.
     Sales Fraction
  40%.
  20%
                     Front, Rear and Four Wheel Drive Usage

                             Light Duty Trucks
                                       Sales Fraction
          1980
1985   1990   1995
Modal Yeir
   Figure 39
                                   100%
                                    80%
                                    60%
                                    40%-
                                    20%-
                                     0%
                                      1975   1980
                                     Figure 40
1985   1990
Model Year
                                            1995
     In Figures  39 and 40, the differences  and changes in
drivetrain configuration between cars  and trucks are apparent.
Prior to 1978, less than ten percent of  cars used front-wheel
drive with almost all of the remainder rear drive.  For the past
dozen years, more than 80 percent of the cars have used front-
wheel drive.   Rear-wheel drive accounted for nearly 95 percent of
the 1975 cars; by 1984 its sales fraction dropped below 50
percent; and since 1988 it has stayed  below 20 percent.  For all
of the years shown, four-wheel drive has been used in only a few
percent of the cars.           •

     Drivetrain  usage for trucks has also changed substantially.
Prior to 1994, over half of the trucks used rear-wheel drive, but
only about a third of the 1999 trucks  will. By comparison, five
out of six 1975  trucks used rear-wheel drive.  Four-wheel drive
usage in trucks  has grown from less  than 18 percent in 1975 to
almost half  this year.  Front-wheel  drive in trucks remained
below 5 percent  through 1984, first  exceeded 20 percent in 1996,
but has dropped  slightly  since then.   This  technology  is now used
extensively  in mid-sized vans, but not at all in pickups and
relatively little in SUVs.
28

-------
IV. Trends by Market Segment

     Figures  41 and 42 show that domestic trucks  and Asian cars
have achieved the largest growth in both sales  and sales fraction
since  1975 with much of this  growth coming at the expense of
domestic  cars.  The market share of domestic cars has dropped
from about 65 percent in 1975 to 31 percent this  year.  At the
same time, the market share of Asian cars and domestic trucks has
both doubled, from 8 to 19 and from 17 to 36 percent,
respectively.

     For  the  past three years,  sales of domestic  trucks have
exceeded  those of domestic cars.  Total sales of  domestic light-
duty trucks are projected to  be more than three times higher this
year than they were in 1975,  but domestic car production will be
less than two-thirds of what  it was in 1975. Similarly, sales of
imported  vehicles are projected to be almost three times higher
in 1999 than  they were in 1975. More than three times as many
Asian  cars will be sold in 1999 as in 1975, and imported truck
sales  are projected to be higher by a factor of more than five,
but sales of  European cars are projected to be  about the same
this year as  they were in 1975.
      Sales Fraction by Vehicle Type
         Cars and Light Trucks
                                  Sales by Vehicle Type
                                  Cars and Light Trucks
  100%
  80%
  60%
  40%
  20%
     Sales Fraction
                                      Sates (Millions)
Domestic
Cars
                                                     Domestic
                                                    ' Trucks
                                                     European
                                                  year,
                                                     Imported
                                                    •Trucks
    1975 1980 1985 1990  1995
            Model Year

  Figure 41
                           1975  1980  1985  1990  1995
                                    Model Year

                          Figure 42
                                                                   29

-------
     Figure  43  compares average MPG for domestic,  European,  and
Asian cars.   Similar data for domestic and  imported trucks is
shown in Figure 44.   Asian cars have always had higher MPG than
their domestic  counterparts.  Through 1985,  European cars had
higher MPG than domestic ones.  Since 1986,  however,  domestics
have achieved higher MPG than European cars.

     Average car MPG for all three of these segments has changed
very little  since 1990, particularly when compared to the changes
which occurred  in the late 1970's and early 1980's.   For example,
domestic car MPG increased over 10 MPG between 1975 and 1985 but
has stayed between 25.8 and 27.8 MPG since  then.

     The trend  for domestic light trucks is similar.   Their
average MPG  increased over 6 MPG or almost  50  percent between
1975 and 1985 but has been a nominal 20 MPG since then.  Imported
truck MPG peaked at 26.6 MPG in 1984 and has now declined to 23.2
MPG.  As shown  in Figure 45, the gap between imported and
domestic combined car and truck MPG has remained at about 5 or 6
MPG for over a  decade, compared to a much larger difference in
1975.
          Passenger Car MPG
         Light Truck MPG
     MPG
                                    35
                                      MPG
                                    30..
                                    25
                                    20..
                                    15--
   1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
               Model Year

   Figure 43
                                                 -t-
                                                     •4-
10
 1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
             Model Year

Figure 44
 30

-------
        Car and Light Truck MPG
    Passenger Car Interior Volume
  35
    MPG
  30.-
  25--
  20
  15--
  10
   1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995 2000
               Model Year

  Figure 45
                                   130
                                   120
                                   110--
                                   100--
                                    90
                                      EPA Volume (cu. ft)
                                           Domestic
80
 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
          Model Year

Figure 48
                                                            Large
                                                            Midsize
                                                            Compact
                                                            Subcompact
I Minicompact
     Figure  46 compares interior  volume for domestic,  European,
and Asian  cars.'  Through 1980,  interior volume for European cars
remained below 90 cu. ft.; between then and 1989, it  increased
over 16 percent to 105 cu. ft.  and has since decreased to 102 cu.
ft.  Asian cars,  with just a  couple of minor exceptions,  have
increased  their interior volume every year since 1978.   By
comparison,  domestic car interior volume has been relatively
stable, as has the overall average for all passenger  cars.

     Vehicle performance, as  measured by estimated 0  to 60
acceleration time, has changed  at remarkably consistent rates for
domestic,  European, and Asian cars and also for domestic and
European trucks.   European cars have typically achieved about one
second faster 0 to 60 time than their domestic and Asian
counterparts.  Through 1984,  estimated 0 to 60 time remained at a
relatively constant 14 to 15  seconds for all of the market
segments shown in Figure 47 and 48.  During the past  thirteen
years, this  performance metric  has dropped by about four or five
seconds for  cars, and by about  three or four seconds  for trucks.
                                                                  31

-------
          Passenger Car 0 to 60 Time
      0 To 60 Tim* (Sec)
    1970   1975   1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                     Model Year
   Figure 47
         Light Truck 0 to 60 Time
   0 To 60 Time (Sec)
 1970  1975   1980   1985  1990  1995  2000
                  Model Year
Figure 48
         Passenger Car Inertia Weight
      Light Duty Truck Inertia Weight
   5000
       Weight (Pounds)
   2000
   4500 J.
   4000..
   3500..
   3000..
   2600 ..-__*
      1970  1975  1980   1985  1990  1995  2000
                      Model Year
                                                    5000
     Weight (Pounds)
2500 :.
                                                    2000
   1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                                                                       Model Year
     Figure 49
  Figure 50
32

-------
        Passenger Car Ton-MPG
                                       Light Duty Truck Ton-MPG
  so
    Ton-MPG
                                     Ton-MPG
  45-J
  40-.
  35
  30.-
                   -t-
25
 1970 1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
             Modal Year

Figure 51
                                   35
                                   25
                                    1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995  2000
                                                Modal Year
                                   Figure 52
     Figures  49  and 50 compare inertia weight  for  the  same
market segments  as  the preceding two figures.   Inertia weight for
domestic cars dropped over a thousand pounds between 1975 and
1984 but has  increased about 200 pounds since  then. Conversely,
inertia weight of European cars increased by over  350  pounds
(i.e., from about 2700 to 3070 pounds) between 1975 and 1985 and
by over another  500 pounds since then.  Between 1975 and 1985,
inertia weight for  Asian cars remained at a nominal 2500 pounds
but has since increased to over 3200 pounds.

     As indicated by Figure 50, there have been substantial
increases in  inertia weight for both domestic  and  imported
trucks, particularly since the mid-1980fs.  Between 1984 and this
year, domestic truck inertia weight has increased  by over 400
pounds and imported truck inertia weight by over 800.

     The trend toward increasing ton-MPG, discussed earlier,
persists for  the five market segments shown in Figures 51 and 52.
Domestic, European, and Asian cars not only have had  similar ton-
MPG trends but also the same approximate ton-MPG values over a
relatively long  period of time.  The  same observations apply to
domestic and  imported light trucks.
                                                                 33

-------
      Passenger Car Specific Power
   Light Duty Truck Specific Power
    HP/CID
     ^.European
      Asian
     e-Domes tic
                                   1.2
                                   1.0
                                   0.8
                                   0.6- -
                                      HP/CID
   1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
               Modal Year

  Figui* 53
0.4
 1970 1975 1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
             Model Year

Figure 54
     The trend  toward higher specific power  (HP/CID),  also
discussed earlier,  persists for domestic, European,  and Asian
cars and domestic and imported trucks  (see Figures  53  and 54).
European and Asian cars now achieve about 1.1 HP/CID and the
domestics slightly better than .9 HP/CID.  Similarly,  imported
trucks will achieve about 1.0 HP/CID this year  compared to less
than .8 for domestic trucks.  The improvement of  specific power
for domestic vehicles has always trailed that of  their import
counterparts by about a decade with the imported  vehicles
achieving at least .2 HP/CID more than the domestics.
                                i
     Table 6 compares technology usage for MY99 for domestic,
European, and Asian cars and domestic and imported  trucks.  The
trend noted above towards higher specific power for European and
Asian cars and  imported trucks is consistent with their greater
use of four valve per cylinder engines than  the domestics.  For
MY99, drive train usage for domestic and imported trucks is
remarkably consistent.  A nominal 50 percent of both vehicle
types are projected to use four-wheel drive  and about  20 percent
front-wheel drive.  Conversely 94 percent of Asian  cars will use
front-wheel drive, compared to 85 percent of the  domestics and
less than half  of the European cars.  The percentage of domestic
cars and trucks that are projected to have manual transmissions
is significantly less than that of the their imported
counterparts.
34

-------
                             Table 6

                      MY99 Technology Usage
                      (Percent of Vehicles)


Domestic
Cars
European
Cars
Asian
Cars
Domestic
Trucks
Imported
Trucks
Front
Wheel
Drive
85

46
94

17

19
Four
Wheel
Drive
0

12
4

46

52
Manual
Trans-
mission
9

34
16

11

24
Four
Valves per
Cylinder
37

50
98

1

81
     Figures 55 to 63 compare the sales and sales fractions of
small, midsize, and large domestic, European, and Asian cars.  In
1975, approximately one-fourth of the domestic cars were small;
another fourth, large; and about half, midsize.  Since then, the
sales fractions of domestic small, midsize, and large cars have
fluctuated five to ten percent. For example, large cars accounted
for 26 percent of the domestics in 1975, 15 to 18 percent from
1979 to 1981, then increased their relative market share to 21
percent in 1985, dropped to around 20 percent for the next few
years, but reached the 27 percent mark in 1994.

     The changes which have occurred in the relative market
shares of small, midsize, and large Asian and European cars are
much more substantial than that of the domestics.  In 1975, all
of the Asian cars were classified as small, compared to about
half this year.  For MY99, the sales fraction of midsize Asian
cars has increased to the point where they account for over 45
percent of the Asian cars, compared to about 25 percent in 1997,
and less than 10 percent in 1991.  The trend for European cars is
very similar. The sales fraction of small European cars has
dropped from nearly 95 percent in  1975 to about 60 percent this
year, while the midsize car sales  fraction has increased from  5
percent in 1975 to nearly 40 percent the past two years.
                                                                35

-------
 Domestic Car Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size        Domestic Car Sales by Vehicle Size
  100%
   80%
   60%
   40%
   20%
       Sates Fraction
                                Sales (Millions)
    0%
      1975    1980
    Figure 55
1985     1990    1995
 Model Year
                              0
                              1975
                              Figure 56
                       1980
1985     1990     1995
 Model Year
 European Car Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size        European Car Sales by Vehicle Size
       Sales Fraction
  1°°% -tOSItSFK
   40%
   20%
    0%
      1975     1980
    Figure 57
1985    1990
 Model Year
1995
                             10
                              9
                              8
                              7.-
                                                   5--
                                                   4..
                                                   3..
                                Sates (Millions)
                              1975    1980
                              Figure 58
1985    1990
 Model Year
                                                              1995
36

-------
  Asian Car Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
                        Asian Car Sales by Vehicle Size
  100%
  80%
   60%-
     Sales Fraction
                       Sales (Millions)
  40%.
   20%
    1975   1980
   Figure 59
1985   1990
Model Year
                          1995
                                    1975
                     Figure 60
                           1980
1986    1990
 Model Year
                                                           1995
     As shown  in Figure 56, sales of large  domestic cars reached
the 2.7 million level,  dropped to about  a million in 1980, and
have been  relatively constant since then.   Midsize domestic sales
peaked at  3.8  million in 1978 and have been less than half that
amount since 1991.   Sales of small domestic cars almost reached
the 4 million  mark in 1977, then declined,  and have not exceeded
2.5 million  in nearly a decade.

     Sales of  European cars have been less  than 750,000 per year
for all of the years shown in Figure 58.  Large cars have never
accounted  for  more than 10 percent of the European cars; their
annual sales reached a nominal 50,000 per year in 1988 and 1989.
Sales of midsize European cars remained  below 50,000 per year
from 1975  to 1984,  increased to over 100,000 in 1984, and have
been over  250,000 per year for the past  two years.  Annual sales
of small European cars exceeded 500,000  through 1987, but have
not been that  high since then.

     Sales of  small Asian cars  (see Figure  60) increased from 1.5
million per  year in 1975 to over a nominal  3 million per year
from 1987  to 1991,  but have since dropped  to half that level the
                                                                  37

-------
Domestic Truck Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size    Domestic Truck Sales by Vehicle Size
  100%
  80%
  60%
  40%
  20%
     Sales Fraction
                                    10
                       Sales (Millions)
   0%
    1976   1980
   Figure 61
19S5   1990   1995
Model Year
                     9:

                     8

                     7 ..

                     6:.
                     0
                     1975
                                    Figure 62
1980
1985    1990
Model Year
                 1995
past two years.   Annual sales of midsize Asian cars have
increased by  nearly two orders of magnitude,  from 18,000 in 1975
to 500,000  in 1992 and have been over  1.3  million the past two
years.  Large Asian cars,  first introduced in the mid-80's, have
accounted for more than 60,000 vehicle sales  per year since 1995.

     Figures  61  and 62 make a similar  comparison of sales
fractions for small,  midsize, and large domestic and imported
trucks.  From 1975 to 1981, large trucks accounted for nearly
three-fourths or more of the domestic  trucks,  compared to about
43 percent  this  year.  A corresponding change has occurred for
midsize domestic trucks; their sales fraction has more than
doubled and has  increased from about 24 percent in 1975 to more
than 50 percent  every year since 1984. Small trucks, on the
other hand/ have never accounted for more  than a few percent of
the domestics.

     Annual sales of large domestic trucks remained above 2
million from  1975 to 1979, dropped by  half the following year,
then remained constant through the mid-1990's, but have been
above the 3 million level the past three  years.  Sales of midsize
domestic trucks  passed the 1 million per  year level in 1984 and
have been a nominal 3 million per year since  1994.
38

-------
Imported Truck Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size    Imported Truck Sales by Vehicle Size
  100%
     Sales Fraction
  80%-
  60%
  40%.
  20%
   0%.
    1975   1980
   Figure 63
1985   1990
Model Year
           1995
                                    10
                                      Sales
                     94-

                     8

                     7

                     6 -



                     4 -

                     3 -
                           1980
1985    1990
 Model Year
                                             1995
                                    Figure 64
     Significant change has occurred for imported  trucks.   Their
sales fraction has changed from a mix of 75 percent  small  and 25
percent midsize in 1975, to about 36 percent small,  58 percent
midsize,  and 6 percent large  in 1999.

     Annual sales of small imported trucks increased from less
than 200,000 in 1975 to almost 900,000 in 1986,  but  have not
exceeded  a half million in more than a decade.   Conversely,
annual sales of midsize imported trucks have increased relatively
steadily,  from 50,000 per year in 1975 and 1976  to over 100,000
in 1981,  500,000 in 1985, and nearly 750,000 this  year.  Large
trucks have never accounted  for more than 10 percent of the
imported  trucks, and while their sales are increasing, they have
yet to reach the 100,000 per  year level.
                                                                   39

-------
V. Trends by Vehicle Type and Size Class

     Figure 1 showed that trucks are expected to account for over
45 percent of the light-duty vehicles produced during MY99.  In
Figures 65 and 66, cars and light trucks are classified into five
vehicle types: cars  (i.e. coupes, sedans, hatchbacks),  (station)
wagons, vans, sports utility vehicles  (SUVs), and pickup trucks.

     As shown in Table 7, large increases in market share have
occurred for SUVs and vans at the expense of cars and wagons,
with the market share for cars dropping from about 71 percent in
1975 to about 52 percent this year.  Similarly, wagons have
dropped from about 9.4 percent of the vehicles produced each year
to a current value of less than 2 percent.  The market shares for
SUVs and vans have increased from about 2 to 20 and about 4 to  10
percent, respectively.  By contrast, the market share of pickups
has  increased by 3 percent.  The market share for MY99 SUVs is
projected to exceed not only that of MY99 pickups and vans but
also the combined market share of MY75 pickups, vans, and SUVs.

                             Table 7

          Comparison of Sales Fraction of M775 and MY99
           Light-Duty Vehicles by Vehicle Type and Size

           Vehicle         Sales Fractions
            Type        1975     1999    Change

           Car          71.2%    51.8%   -19.4%

           Wagon         9.4%     1.7%    -7.7%

           Van           4.5%    10.3%    +5.8%

           SUV           1.8%    19.9%   +18.1%

           Pickup       13.1%    16.3%    +3.2%

     Another way to  compare  sales fractions by vehicle  type  and
size is to consider  this data  as a  percentage of  the  total number
of cars and  trucks built each  year.  Table 8 and Figures  67 to  76
show the sales and sales fraction when the  light-duty fleet  is
further divided into  small,  midsize,  and large: cars,  wagons,
SUVs,  vans,  and pickups.  Note  that this classification method
uses a total of fifteen vehicle-type/vehicle-size classes  and
that vehicles are not  currently being produced  for two of  these
classes, namely small  vans  and large wagons.
 40

-------
      Sales Fraction by Vehicle Type
       Sales by Vehicle Type
 100%
  80%
  60%
     Sales Fraction
  Sales (Millions)
  40%
  20%
    1975  1980  1985  1990  1995
             Model Year
                           . Pickup

                           .Van

                           .SUV

                           .Wagon


                           -Car
  Figure 65
 1975   1980  1985  1990   1995
          Model Year

Figure 66
     The largest  increases in sales fraction on this basis have
been for midsize  SUVs and midsize vans.   These two truck-size
classes are  expected to account for over  20  percent of the,
vehicles built  this year, compared to  a combined total in 1975 of
about 4 percent.   In 1975, large cars  accounted for about 15
percent of total  light-duty sales and  ranked third.  Their
relative sales  fraction is now about half of what it was then,
and they now rank sixth.  Midsize SUVs have  taken over third
place, and their  relative sales fraction  has increased by an
order of magnitude from 1975 when they ranked eleventh.

     In 1975,  small cars accounted for 40 percent of all light-
duty vehicles produced.  While their sales fraction has remained
the largest  of the 15 vehicle sizes and types shown in Table  8,
it has decreased to about 24 percent.  Midsize cars have retained
their number two ranking and have actually increased their  sales
fraction from 16 to 20 percent.

     As indicated in Figure 67, the relative sales fractions  of
small, midsize, and large cars have been  stable, particularly
since 1980,  and also when compared to  the sales fractions  of
other vehicle types shown in Figures  69,  71, 73, and 75.   Total
                                                                  41

-------
                             Table 8
          Comparison of Sales Fraction of MY75 and MY99
           Light-Duty Vehicles by Vehicle Type and Size
          Vehicle  Vehicle
          Type     Size
          Cars
          Wagons
          Vans
          SUV
          Pickup
Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large
                 Sales Fractions
             1975     1999    Change
40.0%
16.0%
15.2%

 4.7%
 2.8%
 1.9%

 0.0%
 3.0%
 1.5%

 0.5%
 1.2%
 0.1%

 1.6%
 0.5%
11.0%
23.6%
20.2%
 8.0%

 0.7%
 1.0%
 0.0%

 0.0%
 9.1%
 1.2%

 2.0%
11.7%
 6.2%

 1.6%
 5.0%
 9.7%
-16.4%
  4.2%
 -7.2%

 -4.0%
 -1.8%
 -1.9%

  0.0%
  6.1%
 -0.3%

  1.5%
 10.5%
  6.1%

  0.0%
  4.5%
 -1.3%
car sales  (excluding wagons) have not exceeded 10 million
vehicles per year in more than a decade.  Currently, about 25
percent fewer cars are sold each year than in 1988.  Most of this
decline has come from small cars.  In 1988 over 6.7 million small
cars were sold, compared to 3.5 million this year.

     Annual sales of midsize cars doubled between 1975 and 1978
when they increased from 1,6 million to over 3.3 million.  Since
then, they have not dropped below 2 million per year and for the
past two years have been over 3 million per year.  Annual sales
of large cars peaked at 2.3 million in 1979 and have not been
over 2 million per year since then.  Since 1986, large cars sales
have stayed in a relatively narrow range of 900 thousand to 1.3
million per year.  Annual sales of wagons  (see Figure 70) have
not exceeded 1.5 million in 15 years, have been below 500
thousand per year for nearly a decade, and are more than 75
percent below what was achieved in the late 70's.
42

-------
    Car Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
                                      Car Sales by Vehicle Size
     Sales Fraction
100%
 80%
 60%-,
 40%--
 20%
  0%
    1975    1980
 Figure 67
                                Sales (Millions)
1985    1990    1995
Model Year
                                                10---
                               1975     1980
                                                 Figure 88
1985     1990    1995
 Model Year
  Wagon Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
                                    Wagon Sales by Vehicle Size
 100%
  80%
  60%
  40%
  20%
      Sales Fraction
                                                    Sales (Millions)
   0%
    1975    1980
  Figure 69
 1985     1990    1995
 Model Year
                                                 10--
                                                  6--
                                                  4.-
                                                  2.-
                                                                SMALL
                                                                MIDSIZE
                                                              mLARGE
                               1975     1980
                                                  Figure 70
 1985     1990
 Model Year
                                                                1995
                                                                                            43

-------
     Van Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
                                                       Van Sales by Vehicle Size
  100%
       Salts Fraction
   80% *
   60%,.
   40%
20%
      1975     1980     1985     1990
                      (Model Year

    Flgur* 71
                                     1995
                                                  Sales (Millions)
                                                  10.-
                                                   8 .-
                                                   6--
                                                   4. -
                                                   2.-
                                                   1975     1980
                                                Figure 72
                                                                                   I SMALL
                                                                                   1 MIDSIZE
                                                                                   iLARGE
                                                                 1965     1990     1995
                                                                 Model Year
      SUV Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
                                                       SUV Sales by Vehicle Size
  100%
   80%
   60%..
       Sates Fraction
                                                     Sales (Millions)
   40%..
   20%
              1980
                  1985    1990
                   Model Year
                                     1995
    Figure 73
                                                  10--
                                                   6--
                                                   4-.
                                                    1975     1980
                                                   Figure 74
                                                                                !SMALL
                                                                                I MIDSIZE
                                                                                .LARGE
1985     1990
 Model Year
                                                                                    1995
44

-------
     In 1975, approximately 8.2 million'cars and wagons were
produced, about the same as are projected to be produced this
year (7.9 million).  The 27-percent reduction in car and wagon
sales fraction thus can be attributed to increasing sales of
light trucks, particularly midsize vans and SUVs.  In both cases,
over a million more midsize SUVs and midsize vans are expected to
be produced during MY99 than in MY75.

     Between 1975 and 1986, annual sales of vans doubled from
less than a half million per year to more than a million (see
Figure 72).  Since then, their sales have gone up by another half
million vehicles per year and are now three times higher than
they were in 1975 with almost all of this increase occurring in
the midsize van segment.  Sales of small vans, which are not
currently being produced, have rarely exceeded 100,000 per year.
Similarly, sales of large vans have stayed in a relatively narrow
range of about 100,000 to 300,000 vehicles per year.  For MY99,
nearly 90 percent of all vans will be midsize.

     From 1975 to 1983, sales of SUVs remained well below 500,000
per year.  Since then, their sales have increased by a factor of
more than 15, from less than 200,000 in 1975 to nearly 3 million
this year.  This increase has occurred in all three vehicle sizes
shown in Figure 74 with small SUVs increasing from 50,000 to
300,000 vehicles per year, midsize SUVs increasing from 123,000
to 1.7 million per year, and large SUVs from 11,000 to about
900,000 per year.

      As shown in Figure 73, the relative market share for large
SUVs has increased from about 10 percent in 1975 to over 30
percent this year. Conversely, the relative share of small SUVs
peaked at just over 30 percent in 1980 and 1981 and will be about
10 percent this year.  On a percentage basis, midsize vehicles
have always dominated this vehicle type.

     Sales of pickups peaked at 2.6 million per year in 1994,
about twice as many as were sold in 1975.  Annual sales of small
pickups have remained relatively stable, i.e., from about 250,000
to 500,000 and exceeded 500,000 only in 1986 when 743,000 were
sold and dropped below 250,000 per year only in 1975 and 1976.
Sales of midsize pickups remained below 100,000 per year through
1986, then increased to over a million in 1987 and 1988, and have
remained between 600,000 and one million since then.

     Annual  sales  for large pickups have also been relatively
stable,  increasing from  1.1 million  in 1975 to nearly 2 million
in 1978,  then dropping to  a nominal one million per year through
1993. For MY99, about 1.5 million large pickups will be sold.
                                                                45

-------
   Pickup Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
                         Pickup Sales by Vehicle Size
  100%
  80%
   60%
  40%
   20%
     Sates Fraction
                       Sales (Millions)
                                    10.-
                                    4.-
   0%
    1976   1980
   Ftgura 76
1986   1990   1995
Model Year
                     1975   1980
                     Figure 78
1985    1990
 Modal Year
                                            1995
     Table  9  compares the changes in  fuel  economy that have
occurred by vehicle size and type.    Average fuel economy for all
vehicle size  and type classes that are  represented by MY99
vehicles is higher this year than it  was in 1975.  Four of these
vehicle size/type classes have achieved double digit MPG
increases;  i.e.,  fuel economy of small  cars,  midsize cars, large
cars, and midsize wagons has increased  by  ten or more MPG.

     Fuel economy increases since 1975  for the nine truck vehicle
size/types  have all been less than 10 MPG  with small and midsize
pickups on  both a percentage and absolute  basis achieving the
smallest improvement, namely about 2  MPG.

     It should be noted that for MY99 large cars get higher fuel
economy than  all of the truck classes,  with one minor exception,
small pickups,  which will achieve 24.5  MPG compared to 24.3.  In
addition, five of the truck size/type classes  (midsize vans,
small and midsize SUVs, and small and midsize pickups get higher
MPG this year,  than small, midsize,  and large cars did in 1975.
For example,  midsize SUVs will achieve  20.8 MPG in 1999, compared
to 18.3, 13.6,  and 13.1 MPG for small,  midsize, and large cars.
46

-------
                            Table 9
                                  •*  ?
           Comparison of Fuel  Economy of MY75 and MY99
          Light-Duty Vehicles by Vehicle Type and Size
     Vehicle  Vehicle
     Type     Size
     Cars
     Wagons
     Vans
     SUV
     Pickup
Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large
MPG
1975

18.3
13.6
13.1

22.4
13.2
11.9

20.6
13.3
12.6

16.1
12.1
12.2

22.5
21.1
13.1
MPG
1999

30.6
27.2
24.3

32.2
26.1
22.7
17.8

24.8
20.8
16.7

24.5
23.4
18.3
                               MPG      Percent
                             Increase  Increase
12.3
13.6
11.2

 9.8
12.9
 9.4
 5.2

 8.7
 8.7
 4.5
 2.0
 2.3
 5.2
 67.2%
100.0%
 85.5%

 43.8%
 97.7%
 70.7%
 41.3%

 54.0%
 71.9%
 36.9%

  8.9%
 10.9%
 39.7%
     Figure 2 shows that, on a model year basis, estimated
lifetime fuel consumption for light trucks has been higher than
that of cars for the past five years.  Table 10 makes a similar
estimate of lifetime fuel consumption for the 15 vehicle
type/size classes.  Cars and wagons built in MY75 accounted for
about 80 percent of that model year's vehicle life fuel
consumption, with large pickups accounting for another 15
percent.

     As relative sales fractions changed and vehicle fuel economy
improved, changes in vehicle lifetime fuel consumption have
occurred.  Lifetime fuel consumption has decreased for all of the
car and wagon size classes, and significant increases have
occurred for midsize vans, midsize.and large SUVs, and large
pickups.  These three classes now account for 30 percent of the
lifetime fuel consumption compared to about 6 percent in 1975.
                                                               47

-------
                            Table 10
      Estimated Relative Vehicle Lifetime Fuel Consumption
    of MY75 and M3T99 Light-Duty Vehicles by Vehicle Type/Size
          Vehicle  Vehicle
          Type     Size
          Cars
          Wagons
          Vans
          SUV
          Pickup
Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large
i
Small
Midsize
Large

Small
Midsize
Large
               Percent of
             Fuel Consumed
             1975     1998
31.5%
17.0%
16.8%

 3.6%
 3.7%
 2.8%
 3.9%
 2.1%

 0.6%
 1.7%
 0.2%
                                 0.5%
                                14.6%
16.6%
15.9%
 7.1%

 0.5%
 1.1%
10.4%
 1.7%

 2.1%
14.5%
 9.6%
            ,7%
            ,5%
         13.5%
Change

-14.9%
 -1.1%
 -9.7%

 -3.1%
 -2.6%
 -2.8%
  6.5%
 -0.4%

  1.6%
 12.7%
  9.4%

  0.5%
  5.0%
 -1.1%
     Figures 3, 4, and 6 compared MPG, inertia weight, 0 to 60
time, and ton-MPG for passenger cars and light trucks.  Figures
77 to 96 make similar comparisons by vehicle size and type.

     At this level of stratification, the trends observed earlier
for passenger cars for inertia weight, MPG, and 0 to 60 time
repeat. In the late 1970's, increases in MPG for these vehicles
were accompanied by decreases in inertia weight and relatively
constant 0 to 60 times.  Since then, for all six car and wagon
sizes shown in Figures 77 to 84, MPG has been relatively
stagnant, but increases in inertia weight and decreases in 0 to
60 time have occurred. Small, midsize, and large cars can not be
readily distinguished by their ton-MPG trend which has increased
at a relatively consistent rate for cars.   The same can be said
of small and midsize wagons, but large wagons, which have not
been produced since 1996, achieved significantly higher ton-MPG
than their smaller counterparts between 1980 and 1996.
48

-------
        MPG and Performance
              Small Cars
  MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)     Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
                                     6000
                                   -5000
                                     4000
                                   -3000
                                     2000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
               Modal Year
                                  MPG and Performance
                                        Midsize Cars
                             MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)    Inertia Weight (Ibs.)  6QOQ
                          35:.

                          30

                          25

                          20

                          15

                          10:.
                                                                                   -5000
                                                      WEIGHT
                                                                         MPG
                                                                            OT060
                                                           -t-
                                                                          -h
                                                                                   -4000
                                                                                     3000
                                                                                     2000
Figure 77
                           1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                                          Model Year
                           Figure 78
         MPG and Performance
              Large Cars
  MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
Inert* Weight (Ibs.)
                                     6000
                                   -5000
                                   -4000
                                   -3000
                                      2000
 1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
               Model Year
 Figure 79
                                                  Ton-MPG
                                          Ton-MPG
                                            Cars
                          20
                            1970  1975  1980   1985  1990  1995  2000
                                             Model Year
                           Figure 80
                                                                                          .49

-------
 40
          MPG and Performance
               Small Wagons

    MPG,Oto60(MC.)     /nartfa Weight (Ibs.)
                Oto60
35:

30

25.-

20

15

10

 54-
   1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                  Model Year
   Figure 81
                                     -5000
                                     -4000
                                     -3000
                                        2000
                                                        MPG and Performance
                                                            Midsize Wagons
                                                  MPG, 0 to 60 (sac.)     Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
                                                                                    6000
                                                                                      5000
                                                                                      4000
                                                                                    -.3000
                                                                                      2000
                                                 1970  1075  1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
                                                               Modal Year
                                                Figure 82
           MPG and Performance
               Large Wagons
     MPG. 0 to 60 (aac.)     /nert/a WWg/rt (IDs.)  Mflo
    1970  1675  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                                      -15000
                                        4000
                                        3000
                                        2000
                  Modal Year
                                                    Ton-MPG
                                                                Ton-MPG
                                                                Wagons
                                                  20
                                                   1970  1975  1980  1985   1990  1995   2000
                                                                    Model Year
    Figure 83
                                                   Figure 84
50

-------
     As shown in Figure 85, MPG for small vans increased over 25
percent between 1975 and 1996, the latest year in which any were
built. During this time their weight remained relatively stable,
but their 0 to 60 time dropped 7 seconds. Similarly, fuel economy
for midsize vans  (see Figure 86) increased by 6.5 MPG between 1975
and 1985 but less than 3 MPG since then. Their inertia weight
dropped nearly 300 pounds between 1975 and 1985 but is now higher
than it was in 1975. Estimated 0 to 60 time for this vehicle
size/type remained at about 14 to 15 seconds through 1986 but has
declined since then. Large vans show an increasing trend in
inertia weight and are now over 1000 pounds heavier than they were
in 1975. Their fuel economy increased from 12.6 MPG in 1975 to
16.8 in 1981 and has remained relatively constant for 17 years.
Ton-MPG for all three sizes of vans has improved consistently
(Figure 88).

     Inertia weight for small SUVs has ranged from a low of about
2800 pounds in 1983 to a high of about 3500 pounds this year and
also in 1997. Fuel economy for small SUVs peaked at 28.5 in 1996
when their weight dropped below 2900 pounds. Estimated 0 to 60
time for this class of vehicles increased to over 15 seconds in
1986 and has since dropped to 11.7 seconds. Between 1975 and 1985-,.
midsize SUV weight decreased by over 700 pounds, their 0 to 60
time remained relatively constant, and their fuel economy improved
from 12.1 to 19.7 MPG. Since  1985, their weight has gone up by
about  200 pounds, their 0 to  60 time decreased by over 3 seconds,
and their fuel economy has remained at 20 to 21 MPG.

     Fuel economy for large SUVs increased from 12.2 MPG in 1975
to 18.9 MPG in 1982 when over half of them had diesel engines,
their  ton-MPG peaked at 52.7, and their  0 to 60 time exceeded 16
seconds. Since then, use of diesel engines in this vehicle class
has declined substantially. For the past fifteen years, fuel
economy for large SUVs has remained at about 16 or  17 MPG, but
their  inertia weight increased  from 4728 pounds in  1975 to 5260 in
1979,  and over 5500 this year.  Large SUV inertia weight has not
been below 5000 pounds in  two decades.

     Use of diesel  engines also accounts for much of the MPG
improvement of small pickups  between 1981 and 1982  when they
peaked at 28.2 MPG  in  1981 when over 22  percent had diesel engines
and had an average  0 to  60 time of about 15  seconds.   Since  1975,
inertia weight for  small pickups has increased by over  700 pounds;
it has not been below  3000 pounds  since  1984.   Inertia  weight  for
midsize pickups remained at about  3000  pounds between  1975 and
1986 but has increased by  700 pounds since  then.  Their 0  to  60
time  has dropped  from  over 17 to  18  seconds  in  the  late 1970's  to
about  12 seconds  in 1994 where  it  remains.   In  the  last decade
midsize pickup  fuel economy has decreased by over 2 MPG.


                                                                 51

-------
           MPG and Performance
                 Small Vans
     MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
Inert* Weight (Iba.)
                                        6000
  30*-		-5000
                                        2000
   1970 1975  1880  1985 1990  1995 2000
                  Mod*! Year
    Figure 85
            MPG and Performance
                 Large Vans
     MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
    5,.
    1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995 2000
                                        6000
                                       .-5000
                                       -4000
                                       -3000
                                         2000
                   Modal Year
                                   MPG and Performance
                                        Midsize Vans
MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)     Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
                                                                                       6000
                                                                                        5000
                                                                                 L	.4000
                                                                                      -3000
                                                                                        2000
                           1970 197S 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
                                          Model Year
                           Figure 86
                                                     Ton-MP<3
                                           Ton-MPG
                                            Vans
     Figure 87
                           20
                            1970  "l975  1980  1985  1990  1995   2000
                                             Model Ye
                            Figure 88
52

-------
        MPG and Performance
              Small SUVs
  MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
                                     6000
                                     5000
                                     4000
                                   -13000
                                     2000
1970  1975  1980 1985  1990  1995 2000
               Model Year
Figure 89
                                   MPG and Performance
                                        Midsize SUVs
                          40
MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
                          3S--

                          301-

                          251.

                          20

                          15

                          10
                                                Si-
                                                                                   -5000
                                                  MPG
                                                                          Oto60
                                                                               -H-
                                                                                    6000
                                                                                    4000
                                                                                    3000
                                                                                    2000
                           1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
                                          Model Year
                           Figure 90
        MPG and Performance
              Large SUVs
  MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)     Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
                                     6000
                                   -15000
                                   -.4000
                                   -3000
                                     2000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
               Model Year
Figure 91
                                                  Ton-MPG
                                           Ton-MPG
                                            SUVs
                           20
                            1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995   2000
                                             Model Year
                           Figure 92
                                                                                           53

-------
           MPG and Performance
                Small Pickups
     MPG, 0 to 60 (tec.)
                     Inmrtia Weight (Ibs.)
                                        6000
                                      -5000
                                      -.4000
                                       -3000
                                         2000
   1970 1975 1980  1985  1990  1995  200(1
                  Model Year
   Figure 93
       MPG and Performance
          Midsize Pickups

MPG. 0 to 60 (sac.)     Inertia Weight (ttts.) BMfl
                                                35
                                                30

                                                25--
                                                   5--
                                                20:	I	---14000
                                                      Oto
                                                                          Weight
                                                  15--
                                                  10.	
                                                                                        5000
                                                                                      -13000
                                                                                        2000
                                                 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
                                                                Model Year
                                                 Figure 94
            MPG and Performance
                Large Pickups
  40
     MPG, 0 to 60 («ec.)
                      Intrti* Weight (Ihs.)
    5..
35..

30..

25..

20.	

15.	

10..
                                         6000
                                       -15000
                                       -.4000
                                       -.3000
                                         2000
    1970  1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
                   Model Year
    Figure 95
                                                      Ton-MPG
                                                                Ton-MPG
                                                                 Pickups
                                                   20
                                                    1970  1975  1980  1985  1990  1995  2000
                                                                   Model Yaar
                                                 Figure 96
54

-------
     Large pickups show a trend toward increasing weight,
decreasing 0 to 60 time, and relatively constant fuel economy of
about 18 to 19 MPG since 1981, compared to 13.1 MPG in 1975.

     Table 11 compares technology usage by vehicle type and size.
Front-wheel drive dominates the car and wagon size classes shown
except for midsize wagons which are only 40-percent front-wheel
drive. Five out of six midsize vans now use front-wheel drive, but
none of the large vans do.  Four-wheel drive is used heavily in
SUVs, pickups, and wagons, but very little use of it is made in
vans and cars.

     Large vehicles make greater use of automatic/lockup
transmissions than their midsize or small counterparts.  The
opposite holds for usage of four-valve engines with small and
midsize vehicles making greater use of this technology than large
ones. Domestic vehicles dominate all the midsize and large vehicle
types except midsize wagons; imports dominate all of the small
vehicles except small wagons.
                              Table  11
MY99 Technology Usage by Vehicle Type and Size
(Percent of Vehicle Type/Size Strata)
-
Technology
Front-
Wheel
Drive
Four-
Wheel
Drive
Manual
Transmission
Four Valves
per Cylinder
Domestic
Size
Small
Midsize
Large
Small
Midsize
Large
Small
Midsize
Large
Small
Midsize
Large
Small
Midsize
Large
Vehicle Type
Cars
85.2
94.1
65.7
1.4
1.5
0.0
26.1
4.3
0.0
65.8
60.8
42.7
45.9
50.0
92.7
Wagons
81.2
40.7
14.1
57.1
26.1
14.3
44.2
72.1
67.4
28.8
Vans
83.3
0.5
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.9
0.0
86.1
99.5
SUVs
9.2
1.7
0.0
74.5
71.2
76.3
42.9
6.1
0.0
75.6
25.3
3.6
24.4
67.7
91.7
Pickups
0.0
0.0
0.0
39.6
23.7
51.4
67.6
50.7
8.7
92.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
                                                                 55

-------
VI.  Fuel Economy Improvement Potential
                    I1             i   ,
     In references 20 and 24, MPG capability contained in the then
current fleet was examined using a method called the "best-in-
class"  (BIG) analysis.  In a BIG analysis, one divides the
baseline fleet of vehicles into classes and then examines the MPG
characteristics of each class.  If one selects the MPG performance
of the best cars in the class  (hence the name), one can recompute
a fleet average using the best cars' MPG and the same relative
sales proportions of the fleet that existed in the baseline.  This
analysis technique was one of the methods used to investigate
future fleet MPG capability when the original fuel economy
standards were set.

     The classes may be generated in any way, but the most  common
classes are those that are based on the car classes used for the
EPA/DOE Gas Mileage Guide and the inertia weight classes used for
EPA's emission certification program.  We have chosen to use
inertia weight classes, since if the sales proportions in each
inertia weight class are held constant, the average weight  of the
fleet does not change.  The MPG values of the best "dozen"
vehicles in each class were averaged, and the resulting values
were used to re-calculate the fleet MPG values using the same
relative proportions in each of  the weight classes that constitute
the fleet.
                    i
     Appendix C gives a listing  of  the MY99 vehicles used in the
BIG analysis. It should be noted that some of the weight classes
have less than a dozen representative vehicles.   In addition, for
cases where technically identical vehicles with  different
nameplates  are used, such as the Oldsmobile  88/Buick LeSabre, the
Plymouth Voyager/Dodge Caravan,  or  Geo Tracker/Suzuki  Sidekick,
only one representative vehicle  was  included.

     The results of  the analysis are  summarized  in Table  12, which
shows almost a  13-percent increase  in MPG for  cars and a  9-
percent increase  for light  trucks.   The  vehicles used  for  the BIG
analysis have  less powerful  engines and  are  more likely to  be
equipped with manual transmissions,  compared to  the  fleet  as  a
whole.   Usage  of  front-  and four-wheel  drive is  about  the  same  for
cars  in the BIG  data set  as  in the  entire fleet. For  trucks,
however, the BIG  data  set vehicles  make  less use of  four-wheel
drive  and  greater  use  of  front-wheel drive (33  percent vs.  47
percent and 33  percent  vs.  17  percent,  respectively).

      Despite  the  fact  that  over 60  percent of the cars in the BIG
data  set are  classified as  "Small"  compared to 45 percent in the
entire  fleet,  average interior volume for cars in the BIG
 56

-------
analysis is only slightly smaller than the overall average  (109
vs. 103 cu. ft). In addition,  the percentage of trucks that are
classified as "Small", "Midsize," and "Large" is about the same
for the two cases studied.

     If the BIG MPG values for passenger cars and trucks are used
to compute a total fleet MPG value, the result is 26.4 MPG
compared to the actual 23.8 value found in Table 1, roughly an 11-
percent increase.

                             Table 12
Best-in-Class (BIG) Results
Model Year 1999

55/45 MPG
Weight
Volume
CID
HP
0-60 Time
% FWD
% Four Wheel Drive
% Manual Trans .
% Four Valve
% Small
% Midsize
% Large
% Domestic
Passenger Cars
BIG
31.7
3382
103
136
154
11.0
88
3
60
73
61
37
2
16
Average
28.1
3382
109
169
166
10.5
85
3
14
60
45
40
15
54
Light Trucks
BIG
22.1
4433
	
217
184
11.8
33
33
22
36
11
58
31
63
Average
20.3
4433
	
249
190
11.1
17
47
13
16
8
56
37
81
                                                                 57

-------
VII. Conclusions
                    I             I
     1.   Fuel economy of the overall light-duty fleet has
declined 2.1 MPG  (i.e., about eight percent) since reaching a
maximum of 25.9 MPG ,in 1987 and  is now the lowest it has been in
nineteen years, although during  the past decade fuel economy of
both cars and light-duty trucks  has been relatively stable.

     2.   Ton-MPG, for the combined fleet, as a measure of
efficiency, has increased each year for the past 20 consecutive
years.

     3.   The share 'of the market comprised by light trucks has
been increasing for 'over 20 years and now exceeds 45 percent, more
than double what  it was in 1979. Much of this increase can be
attributed to the increase in the sales fractions of midsize vans
and SUVs.

     4.   On a model  year basis, estimated  lifetime light-truck
fuel consumption  has  exceeded that of passenger cars for the past
five years; for model year 1999, light trucks are projected to
consume 59 percent of the total.

     5.  Both cars and light trucks have traded off fuel economy
for increased weight  and performance. Since  1986, vehicle  inertia
weight for cars and trucks has  increased by eleven and nineteen
percent, respectively.  During  the  same time period, vehicle
performance, as determined  from estimated  0  to  60 acceleration
time,  has also  improved.  Had model year  1999 cars and light
trucks had 13.2 second estimated 0  to  60  time and the  same weight
as they did in  1986,  they would have been  able  to achieve  five MPG
more than they  did.

      6.   Using a Best-in-Class methodology,  the  combined
passenger car  and light-truck  fleet has  the potential  to  attain  at
least  26.4 MPG  — eleven  percent greater  than the  current  value.
 58

-------
VIII. Acknowledgments

      The authors wish to express their thanks and sincere
appreciation to those who reviewed this report and to Lillian
Johnson for word processing, editing, and report preparation.  The
authors would also like to take this opportunity to acknowledge
the efforts and work of the team of EPA's Office of Mobile
Sources, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division  (VPCD)
programmers and analysts who designed, developed, and implemented
the new Certification and Fuel Economy Information System  (CFEIS).
Without the efforts of Kassem Abbas, Steve Bliss, Ann Chiu, Karen
Danzeisen, Dan Harrison, John Hendon, Seung Park, and Richard
Parsons, the data base used in this report could not have been
updated with Model Year 1996 and 1997 Final CAFE and Model Year
1998 and 1999 General Label data.  Special thanks also  go to the
late Rick Zellin who did much of the CFEIS design work.
IX.  References

     1.   U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency,  Fuel  Economy  and --
Emission Control, November  1972.

     2.   "Passenger  Car  Fuel Economy - Trends  and Influencing
Factors," SAE  Paper 730790, Austin and Hellman,  September  1973.

     3.   "Fuel  Economy of  the 1975 Models,"  SAE Paper  740970,
Austin  and  Hellman, October 1974.

     4.   "Passenger  Car  Fuel Economy Trends  Through  1976,"  SAE
Paper 750957,  Austin  and  Service,  October 1975.

     5.   "Light-Duty Automotive  Fuel Economy Trends  Through
1977,"  SAE  Paper 760795,  Murrell,  Pace,  Service, and  Yeager,
October 1976.

     6.   "Light-Duty Automotive  Fuel Economy Trends  Through
1978,"  SAE  Paper 780036,  Murrell,  February 1978.

     7.   "Light-Duty Automotive  Fuel Economy Trends  Through
1979,"  SAE  Paper 790225,  Murrell,  February 1979.

     8.    "Light-Duty Automotive  Fuel Economy Trends  Through
1980,"  SAE  Paper 800853,  Murrell,  Foster and Bristor, June 1980.
                                                                  59

-------
     9.   "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through
1981," SAE Paper 810386, Foster, Murrell and Loos, February 1981.
                    I             i
     10.  "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through
1982," SAE Paper 820300, Cheng, LeBaron, Murrell, and Loos,
February 1982.
                               1
     11.  "Why Vehicles Don't Achieve EPA MPG On the Road and How
That Shortfall Can Be Accounted For," SAE Paper 820791, Hellman
and Murrell, June 1982.

     12.  "Light-Duty Automobile Fuel Economy Trends through
1983," SAE Paper 830544, Murrell, Loos, Heavenrich, and Cheng,
February 1983.

     13.  "Passenger Car E'uel Economy - Trends Through 1984," SAE
Paper 840499, Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos, February 1984.

     14.  "Light Truck  Fuel Economy - Trends through 1984," SAE
Paper 841405, Loos, Cheng, Murrell and Heavenrich, October 1984.

     15.  "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy - Trends Through
1985," SAE Paper 850550, Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos,
March 1985.

     16.  "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1986," SAE Paper
860366, Heavenrich, Cheng, and Murrell, February  1986.

     17.  "Trends in Alternate Measures of Vehicle Fuel Economy,"
SAE Paper 861426, Hellman and Murrell,  September  1986.
             ''i             i   i
                                 i   i
     18.  "Light-Dutly Automotive Trends Through 1987," SAE Paper
871088, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Cheng, May  1987.

     19.  "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through  1988," U.S. EPA,
EPA/AA/CTAB/88-07, Heavenrich  and Murrell, June  1988.

     20.  "Light-Duty Automotive and  Technology  Trends Through
1989," U.S.  EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-04, Heavenrich, Murrell,  and
Hellman, May 1989.

     21.  "Downward Trend in Passenger Car Fuel  Economy—A View of
Recent  Data," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-01, Murrell and Heavenrich,
January 1990.

     22.  "Options  for  Controlling  the Global  Warming Impact  from
Motor  Vehicles," U.S.  EPA,  EPA/AA/CTAB/89-08,  Heavenrich,  Murrell,
and Hellman,  December  1989.
 60

-------
                        List  of Appendices
                                                            Page
                                                           Number
APPENDIX A - Vehicle Classification System  	 .... A-l

APPENDIX B - 1996, 1997, and 1998 Nameplate MPG Listings  .  . B-l

APPENDIX C - Best in Class Role Models	C-l

APPENDIX D - Data Stratified by Market Segment  	 D-l

APPENDIX E - Data Stratified by Transmission Type	E-l

APPENDIX F - Data Stratified by Cylinder Count  ....... F-l

APPENDIX G - Data Stratified by Valves Per Cylinder   .... G-l

APPENDIX H - Data Stratified by Size Class	H-l

APPENDIX I - Data Stratified by Weight Class	1-1

-------
Copies of this document in PDF and WPD format can be found on the
Office of Mobile Sources web site at
htto: //www. epa. gov/oms/mpcr. htm
Printed copies are available from:
                   i1            i
National Service Center for Environmental Publications
U.S. EPA/NSCEP
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419

1-800-490-9198
1-513-489-8190

-------
                                                     EPA420-R-99-018
                                                       September 1999
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy
                   Trends Through 1999

                         Appendices
           Advanced Technology Support Division
                   Office of Mobile Sources
            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                             NOTICE

   This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data which are currently available.
       The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
     technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
      may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.

-------
     23.  "Light-Duty Automotive'Technology and Fuel Economy
Trends Through 1990," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-03, Heavenrich and
Murrell, June 1990.
                    1             !   '           '         '
     24.  "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy
Trends Through 1991," EPA/AA/CTAB/91-02, Heavenrich, Murrell, and
Hellman, May 1991.                  [
                    \             \
     25.  "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy
Trends Through 1993," EPA/AA/TDG/93-01, Murrell, Hellman, and
Heavenrich, May 1993.

     26.  "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy
Trer.ds Through 1996," EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01, Heavenrich and Hellman,
July 1996.

     27.  "Concise  Description of Auto  Fuel Economy in  Recent
Years," SAE Paper  760045, Malliaris,  Hsia  and Gould, February
1976.

     28. "Automotive Engine  - A Future  Perspective", SAE Paper
891666, Amann, 1989.

     29. "Regression Analysis of Acceleration Performance of Light
Duty Vehicles", DOT HS  807  763,  Young,  September  1991.

     30. "Determinates  of Multiple  Measures  of Acceleration",
SAE Paper  931805,  Santini and Anderson, 1993.
                                                                  61

-------
          Appendix A: Light Duty Vehicle Classification  Convention
 Manufacturer/Vehicles
Years
Are Classified As:
 Chrysler Vehicles  by Diamond Star
 Chrysler Vehicles  by Maserati
 Chrysler Vehicles  by Mitsubishi
 Chrysler Colt 4wd  Wagon
 Chrysler Colt Vista
 Chrysler Summit Wagon
 Mitsubishi Expo
 Mitsubishi Eclipse (2.0L Na Engine)
 Mitsubishi Space Wagon
 Dodge Monaco
 Dodge Monaco
 Eagle Premier
 Eagle 4wd Wagon
 Dodge Ramcharger
 Ford Vehicles by Mazda
 Ford Festiva
 Ford Merkur/Scorpio
 Ford Probe
 Mercury Aspire
 Mercury Capri
 Mercury Capri
 Ford Escort  (All)
 Ford Escort  (1.81;
 Ford Escort  (1.9L)
 Mercury Tracer  (1.8L;
 Mercury Tracer  (1.9L)
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
96
All
75-77
90-93
90-93
All
All
All
All
All   .
All
All
75-86
86-94
81-90
91-96
91-96
91-96
91-96
Asian Import
European Import
Asian Import
Small Wagon
Small Van
Small Van
Small Van
Domestic
Small Van
Domestic
European Import
European Import
Passenger Car
Passenger Car
Asian Import
Asian Import
European Import
Asian Import
Asian Import
Domestic
Asian Import
Domestic
Asian Import
Domestic
Asian Import
Domestic
A-l

-------
                           Appendix A (Continued)

Manufacturer/Vehicles                       Years         Are Classified As:
                      i
Ford Taurus SHO       \               \       All           Asian Import
Ford Pinto Van                              All           Passenger Car
Mercury Villager                            All           Asian Import
General Motors vehicles by Isuzu            All           Asian Import
General Motors vehicles by Nummi            All           Asian Import
General Motors vehicles by Suzuki           All           Asian Import
Pontiac LeMans        '               '       75-81         Domestic
Pontiac LeMans        '               j       91-93         Asian Import
                      !               !
Cadillac Allante                            All           Domestic
Cadillac Catera                             All           European Import
Mazda Vehicles by Ford                      All           Domestic
Honda Odyssey                               All       "    Midsize Van
                                     I
Isuzu Oasis                                 All           Midsize Van
Sterling                                    All           Asian Import
Subaru 4wd Sedans/Wagons                    All           Passenger Cars
                      I               !
Suzuki X-90                                 All           Small Utility
                                     i

Note: Classification of a vehicle as Domestic, European Import, or Asian
Import is based on the authors' judgment of where the majority of the
engine and emission control  system development work was done.  It is
meant to be a tracking system  for technical parameters related to
                                     i   i
engine and emission control  development and is not a replacement  for
                      I               I   I       •     •
Domestic/Import definitions  used in  implementing automotive  standards
legislation.
                                                                          A-2

-------
                                           Appendix B
                                     K«m*pl»t« MPG Listing
             1997 TWO-SEATER
Honda Del Sol 	
Mazda MX-5 Miata 	
BMW Z3 Roadster 	
Porsche Boxster 	
General Motors Corvette 	
Mercedes-Benz SL320 	
Panoz Auto Roadster 	
Honda NSX 	
Chrysler Prowler 	
Lotus Esprit V8 	
Mercedes-Benz SL500 	
Mercedes-Benz SL600 	
Chrysler Viper Convertible 	
Chrysler Viper Coupe 	
Ferrari F355 	
Ferrari 550 Maranello  	
Lamborghini  DB132-144 - Diablo

             1997 MISICCMPACT
 MPG
37.0
29.5
28.1
24.8
24.3
23.7
23.6
22
22
21
21
18
16
16
13.8
12.8
12.7
                                                                  1997 COMPACT
                                                                                            MFG
Toyota Paseo  	
Toyota Paseo  Convertible  	
BMW 318i Convertible  	
Mitsubishi Eclipse Convertible
Toyota Celica Convertible  	
Nissan 240SX  	
BMW 328iC  	
Volkswagen Cabriolet  	
Toyota Supra	
Porsche 911 Carrera 4-2  	
Aston Martin  DB7  Coupe  	
Aston Martin  DB7  Volante  	
Porsche 911 Turbo 	
              1997  SDBCOMPACT
 GM Imports  Metro 	
 Suzuki Swift 	
 Ford Imports Aspire 	
 Toyota Tercel 	
 Honda Civic 	
 Nissan Sentra-200SX 	
 Suzuki Esteem 	
 General Motors SC  	
 Toyota Celica 	
 Toyota Corolla	
 GM Imports  Prizm 	
 Honda Integra 	
 Subaru Impreza Awd 	
 Ford Imports Probe 	
 Volkswagen  Cabrio  	
 BMW 318i/318is 	
 Chrysler Imports Talon	
 Hyundai Tiburon(Coupe) 	
 Mitsubishi  Eclipse 	
 Honda 2.2CL-3.0CL 	
 Honda Prelude 	
 Mazda MX-6   	
 Saab 900 Convertible  	
 BMW M3 	
 BMW 328i /328iS 	
 Ford Mustang  	
 General Motors Camaro 	
 General Motors Firebird-Formula
 Mitsubishi  3000 	
 Nissan J30  	
 Toyota SC300-SC400 	
 Subaru SVX  Awd  	
 BMW 840Ci  	
 BMW 850Ci  	
 Rolls-Royce Bentley Continental
 Rolls-Royce Bentley Azure  	
 Ferrari 456 	
 MPG
35.3
34.
29.
28.
28.
27.
26.
24.
23.
22.4
19.0
18.9
17.4

 MPG
 40.3
 39.7
 37.8
 37.7
 37.7
 36.0
 35.7
 34.6
 33.6
 33.2
 32.5
 32.1
 30.2
 30.1
 29.9
 29.9
 29.4
 29.
 28.
 28.
 28.
 27.
 26.8
 26.5
 26.1
 25.6
 25.4
 25.1
 24.4
 23.7
 23.6
 23.4
 19.7
 18.6
 14.9
 14.9
 12.8
Mitsubishi Mirage 	 37.5
Hyundai Accent(SOHC) 	 36.0
General Motors SL 	 34.7
Ford Escort 	 34.5
Ford Tracer 	 34.2
Mazda Protege 	 34.0
Hyundai Accent(DOHC) 	 34.0
Subaru Legacy 	 31.6
Chrysler Neon 	 31.2
General Motors Cavalier 	 31.2
General Motors Sunfire 	 31.
Kia Sephia 	 30.
Hyundai Elantra 	 30.
BMW 318ti 	 30.
Mercedes-Benz C230  	 30.
Volkswagen Golf-GTI 	 30.
Volkswagen Jetta  	 30.
Ford Contour  	 30.
Ford Mystique 	 29.
Honda Accord  	.29-9
General Motors Achieve 	 29.5
General Motors Grand Am 	 28.7
General Motors Skylark 	 28.6
Mitsubishi Galant 	 28.5
Subaru Legacy Awd 	 28.5
Nissan Stanza Altima 	 28.4
Volkswagen A4 	 27.6
Chrysler Imports Avenger  	 27.5
Chrysler Imports  Sebring  	 26.4_
Mercedes-Benz C280  	 26.3"
Mazda Millenia 	 26.0
Volkswagen A4 Quattro  	 26.0
Volkswagen A6 	 25.2
Toyota ES300  	 25.1
Volkswagen GTI VR6  	 25.0
Chrysler Imports  Sebring  Convertible  . 24.9
Volkswagen Group  GLX 	 24.8
Honda 2.5TL-3.2TL 	 24.7
BMW  528i  	 24.5
Volkswagen A6 Quattro  	 24.2
Volvo 960  	 24.1
Mercedes-Benz C36 AMG  	 24.0
Jaguar XJ6  	 23.0
BMW  540i  	 22.7
Mercedes-Benz S500  Coupe  	 20.1
Jaguar XJR  	 18.6
Mercedes-Benz S600  Coupe  	 17.4

              1997 SMALL WAGON           MPG
Ford Escort  	 34.4
Ford Tracer  	 34.2
General Motors  SW 	 33.5
Hyundai Elantra  	 30.4
Subaru  Impreza Awd	 29.9
Honda Accord 	 27.1
Volkswagen A6 	 25.0
Volkswagen A6 Quattro  	 24.2
Volvo 960 	  24.1
B-l

-------
                                     Appendix B (Continued)
                                               MPG Listing
            1997 MIDSIZE CARS           MPG
Mercedes-Benz E300 Diesel .'.	 33.9
Mazda 626	i	 30.4
Chrysler Breeze	 29.4
Toyota Camry 	 28.6
Chrysler Stratus 	 28.4
Chrysler Cirrus	 28.0
Volkswagen Passat 	 27.6
General Motors Malibu 	 27.5
Nissan 130	 27.4
Nissan Maxima	 27.3
Chrysler Imports Cirrus 	 27.1
General Motors Cutlass		27.0
General Motors Century 	 27.0
General Motors Cutlass Supreme 	 27.0
Chrysler Imports Stratus 	 26.9
General Motors Lumina-Monte Carlo .... 26.8
Volvo 850	 26.4
General Motors Grand Prix	 25.9
Saab 900 	 25.9
Hyundai Sonata 	 25.8
Ford Taurus 	 25.7
Mercedes-Benz E320 	 25.6
Ford Sable 	 25.5
General Motors Regal-Century 	 25.5
Toyota LS400 	i	 25.2
General Motors Riviera 	 24.8
Honda 3.5RL	 24.5
Mitsubishi diamante	1	 24.5
GM Imports Catera 	 24.3
Ford Mark VIII 	 24.1
Mercedes-Benz E420 	 23.9
Ford Thunderbird 	 23.8
Ford Cougar	 23.8
General Motors Aurora 	1	 23.7
Toyota GS300	 23.5
Ford Imports Taurus 	 23.5
Volkswagen A8 	 23.3
Nissan Q45	 23.3
General Motors Eldorado	 23.2
General Motors Seville		 23.2
Jaguar Vanden Plas	 23.0
BMW 740i 	-	 22.6
Jaguar XJ6L	 22.6
Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn 	 15.9
Rolls-Royce Silver Spur	 15.0
Rolls-Royce Bentley Brooklands 	 15.0
Rolls-Royce Bentley Turbo	 14.9

            1997 MXDSizx mem          MCO
Subaru legacy	 31.6
Subaru Legacy Awd	 27.3
Volvo 850 	 26.3
Volkswagen Passat 	 25.1
Ford Sable 	 25.0
Ford Taurus 	 25.0
              1997 LARGE CARS          MPG
Toyota Avalon 	  28.6
General Motors LeSabre 	  26.1
Saab 9000	  26.0
General Motors Eighty Eight-Regency ..  25.9
General Motors Bonneville 	  25.7
General Motors Park Avenue 	  25.2
Chrysler Intrepid 	  24.5
Chrysler New Yorker-LHS 	  24.1
Chrysler Concorde 	  24.1
Chrysler Vision	  24.0
General Motors DeVille 	  23.2
Ford Town Car 	  23.2
Ford Grand Marquis 	  23.2
Ford Crown Victoria 	  23.2
Mercedes-Benz 3320 	  23.2
BMW 7401L 	  22.6
Ford Continental 	  22.4
Mercedes-Benz S420 	  21.0
Mercedes-Benz S500 	  20.1
General Motors Limousine 	  19.5
General Motors Funeral Coach-Hearse ..  19.5
BMW 750iL 	  19.3
Mercedes-Benz S600 	  17.4
Rolls-Royce Silver Spur Limousine
                                       14.9
                                                                                             B-2

-------
                                     Appendix B (Continued)
                                     Nuwplata MPG Listing
            1997 SMALL PICKUP            MFC
Nissan Truck 2wd 	 26.1
Nissan Truck 4wd 	 21.2

            1997 MZOSIZX PICKUP          MEG
Isuzu Hombre 2wd 	 26.8
Ford Ranger 2wd 	 26.6
General Motors S10 2wd 	 26.0
Mazda B2300/B3000/B4000	 25.3
General Motors Sonoma 2wd  	 25.2
Isuzu Hombre 2wd 	 26.8
Mazda B2300/B3000/B4000  	 21.0
General Motors S10 4wd 	 21.6
General Motors Sonoma 4wd  	 21.5
Ford Ranger 4wd 	 21.1
Chrysler Dakota 2wd  	 20.9
Chrysler Dakota 4wd  	 18.1

            1997 LARGE PICKUP            MPG
Toyota T100 2wd 	 21.7
Ford F150 2wd  	 20.5
General Motors C1500 Pickup 2wd  	 20.1
General Motors C1500 Sierra 2wd  	 20.0
Toyota  T100 4wd 	 19.5
General Motors C2500 Pickup 2wd  	 19.4
General Motors C2500 Sierra 2wd  	 19.3
Ford F150 4wd	 18.6
Ford F250 2wd	 18.5
General Motors K1500 Pickup 4wd  	 17.9
General Motors K1500 Sierra 4wd  	 17.9
Chrysler Ram 1500 2wd  	 17.6
Ford F250 4wd	 17.1
Chrysler Ram 2500 4wd  	 16.4
Chrysler Ram 1500 4wd  	 16.2
            1997 MIDSIZE VAN             MPG
Isuzu Oasis 	:	 24.9
Honda Odyssey 	 24.9
General Motors Trans Sport 2wd	 24.2
General Motors Venture 2wd 	 24.2
Chrysler Voyager 2wd	 23.9
Chrysler Caravan 2wd 	 23.7
Ford Windstar Fwd Van	 23.2
Ford Imports Villager Fwd 	 22.8
Ford Windstar Fwd Wagon 	 22.7
Nissan Quest 	 22.6
Toyota Previa 	 22.6
Chrysler Town & Country 2wd	 22.4
Ford Aerostar Awd 	 22.3
General Motors Safari 2wd (Cargo) 	 22.1
General Motors Astro 2wd (Cargo)  	 22.1
Ford Aerostar Wagon Rwd 	 21.7
Toyota Previa All-Trac 	 21.5
Mazda MPV 	 21.4
General Motors Safari Awd (Cargo) 	 21.3
General Motors Astro Awd (Cargo)  	 21.3
General Motors Safari 2wd (Passenger).. 21.2
General Motors Astro 2wd (Passenger) .. 21.2
Chrysler Caravan 4wd 	 20.6
Chrysler Town & Country 4wd 	 20.6
General Motors Safari Awd (Passenger)  . 19.5
General Motors Astro Awd (Passenger) .. 19.5
Ford Aerostar Wagon Awd 	 19.4
Mazda MPV 4X4 	 19.1
Chrysler B1500-B2500 Van 2wd 	 18.0
Chrysler B1500-B2500 Wagon 2wd 	 17.?

            1997 LARS* VAN               MPG
Volkswagen Group Eurovan 	 20.1
General Motors G1500-G2500 	 19.0
Ford E150 Econoline 2wd 	 19.0
Volkswagen Group Eurovan Camper  	 18.5
General Motors G1500-G2500 Chevy Exp.  . 18.4
General Motors G1500-G2500 Savana (Pass)18.3
Ford E250 Econoline 2wd 	 17.6
Ford E150 Club Wagon 	 17.5
Chrysler B3500 Van 2wd  	 17.4
Chrysler B3500 Wagon 2wd 	 15.3
B-3

-------
                                     Appendix B  (Continued)
                                     Naswplafca MPG Listing
             1997 SMALL UTILITY          MPG
Suzuki X-90 2wd 	'.	 30.0
Suzuki X-90 4wd	 29.8
Toyota RAV4 4wd	 29.7
Suzuki Sidekick 2Door 2wd 	 28.5
Suzuki Sidekick 2Door 4wd	 28.5
GM Imports fracker Van 2wd '.	 28
GM Imports Tracker Convertible 4X4 	 28
Toyota RAV4 2wd 	 28
Suzuki Sidekick 4Door 2wd 	 28
GM Imports Tracker Van 4X4 i	 27
GM Imports Tracker Convertible 2wd .... 27
                                           5
                                           i
                                           0
                                           0
                                           9
                                           9
Suzuki Sidekick 4Door 4wd	 27.8
Suzuki Sidekick Sport 4wd 	 27.1
Suzuki Sidekick Sport 2wd	 27.0
Toyota Tacoma 2wd	 26.8
Toyota Tacoma 4wd 	 21.5
Chrysler Wrangler 4wd	,	 21.4
Chrysler Grand Cherokee 4wd 	 19.8
Land Rover Defender 90 	 16.7
             1997 MIDSIZE UTILITY
                                         MPG
Mitsubishi Montero Sport 2wd 	 27.2
Honda CR-V	'.	 26.9
General Motors Silhouette 2wd 	 24.2
Kia Sportage 4wd	 24.0
Kia Sportage 2wd	 23.3
Toyota 4Runner 2wd 	 22.4
Mitsubishi Montero Sport 4wd 	 22.2
General Motors Jimmy 2wd 	 22.1
General Motors Blazer 2wd  .1	 22.1
General Motors Blazer 4wd	 21.3
General Motors Jimmy 4wd	 21.3
General Motors jimmy Awd 	 21.3
General Motors Blazer Awd	 21.3
General Motors Bravada Awd 	 21.3
Chrysler Cherokee 2wd	 21.0
Isuzu Rodeo 2wd ,	 20.6
Toyota 4Runner 4wd	 20.6
Nissan Pathfinder 2wd	 20.4
Ford Explorer 2wd	 20.3
Chrysler Grand Cherokee 2wd 	 20.2
Mitsubishi Montero	 20.0
Chrysler Cherokee 4wd 	 19.7
Nissan Pathfinder 4wd	 19-5
Honda Passport 2wd	 19.4
Ford Explorer 4wd 	 19.4
Isuzu Rodeo 4wd	 19.4
Nissan QX4 4wd	 19.3
Honda Passport 4wd	 19.2
Isuzu Trooper	 18.4
Isuzu SLX  ..		 18.3
Land Rover Discovery	 17.6
Chrysler Grand Cherokee 4wd 	 17.6
Range Rover	 16.5
             1997 LARGE UTILITY         MPG
General Motors C1500 Yukon 2wd 	
General Motors C1500 Tahoe 2wd 	
Ford Mountaineer 2wd 	
General Motors C1500 Suburban 2wd  ..
Ford Expedition 2wd 	
Ford Mountaineer 4wd 	
General Motors K1500 Yukon 4wd 	
General Motors K1500 Tahoe 4wd 	
Ford Expedition 4wd 	
Toyota LX450 	
Toyota Land Cruiser Wagon 4wd 	
General Motors K1500 Suburban 4wd  	  16.7
19.
19.
18.
18.
18.
18.
17.
17.6
16.9
16.7
16.7
                                                                                             B-4

-------
                                     APPENDIX B (Continued)
                                     NAMEPLATE MF6 LISTING
              1998 TWO-SEATER            MP6
Mercedes-Benz SLK230 	 29.2
BMW Z3 Roadster	 27.4
BMW M Roadster 	 26.8
Chrysler Prowler 	 26.2
Porsche Boxster 	 24.8
General Motors Corvette 	 23.3
Honda NSX	 23.2
Mercedes-Benz SL500 	 21.3
Lotus 98 ESPRIT V8  	 21.2
Ford Imports DB7 Volante  	 19.0
Ford Imports DB7 Coupe 	 18.9
Mercedes-Benz SL600 	 18.4
Chrysler Viper Convertible  	'.. 16.9
Chrysler Viper Coupe 	 16.9
Ferrari F355-355 Fl 	 13.6
Lamborghini DB132-144 Diable 	 13.1
Ferrari 550 Marabello 	 12.8
              1998 MIiraCCMPACT
                                         MPG
Toyota Paseo  	 36.0
Toyota Paseo Convertible  	 34.7
Toyota Celica Convertible  	 29.5
Mitsubishi Eclipse Convertible  	 28.2
Nissan 240SX  	 28.0
BMW 3231 Convertible  	 26.5
BMW 3281 Convertible  	 25.4
Volkswagen Cabriolet  	 24.5
BMW M3  Convertible  	 24.5
Toyota SUPRA  	 23.7
Ford Imports  JAGUAR XK8 Convertible  ... 22.8
Porsche 911 Carrera  4-2  	 22.5

              1998 SOBCCMPACT            MPG
Honda Civic HX  	 44.9
Suzuki Swift  	 43.6
GM Imports Metro  	 43.6
Honda Civic  	 37.7
Toyota Tercel  	 37.5
Mitsubishi Mirage 	 36.8
Suzuki Esteem 	 36.1
Nissan Sentra-200SX  	 35.6
General Motors  SC 	 34.4
Ford Escort ZX2 	 33.2
Honda Integra  	 32.0
General Motors  Sunfire	 30.5
General Motors  Cavalier  	 30.5
BMW 3181,31813  	 29.9
Volkswagen New  Beetle 	 29.8
Volkswagen Cabrio 	 29.8
Subaru Impreza  AWD  	 29.5
Hyundai Tiburon 	 29.5
Mitsubishi Eclipse  	 29.3
Chrysler  Imports  Eagle Talon 	 29.1
Toyota Celica 	•	28.5
Honda Prelude 	 28.1
Mercedes-Benz CLK320 	 28.1
Honda 2.3CL,3.0CL 	 27.7
BMW M3  	 26.4
BMW 323IS 	 26.3
GM Imports  SAAB 900  Convertible	 26.2
General Motors Camaro 	 25.4
Ford Mustang 	 25.3
BMW 3281,32813 		  25.3
General Motors Firebird,Formula 	  24.9
Toyota  SC 300/SC 400 	  24.4
Mitsubishi  3000GT 	  24.1
Ford  Imports  Jaguar XK8  	  23.5
Mitsubishi  3000GT Spyder 	  23.1
Rolls-Royce Bentley Continental 	  15.0
Rolls-Royce Bentley Azure 	  14.9
Rolls-Royce Bentley Continental SC ....  14.9
 Ferrari  456 GT-GTA	  13.4
              1998 COMPACT
Toyota Corolla 	
GM Imports Prizm 	
Hyundai Accent 	
Volkswagen Jetta 	
General Motors SL 	
Mazda Protege 	
Ford Escort  	
Ford Tracer 	
Chrysler Neon (Dodge) 	
Chrysler Neon (Plymouth) 	
Subaru Legacy 	
KIA Sephia 	
Ford Contour 	
Mercedes-Benz C230 	
Ford Mystique	
BMW 318TI 	
Volkswagen Golf, GTI 	
Nissan Altima 	
Hyundai Elantra 	
General Motors Grand AM 	
General Motors Achieva  	
Subaru Legacy AWD 	
Mitsubishi Galant 	
Volkswagen A4 	
Mercedes-Benz C280 	
General Motors Skylark  	
Chrysler Imports Dodge Avenger 	
Chrysler Imports Sebring 	
Chrysler JX,JXI Limited Convertible
Mazda Millenia  	
Toyota ES 300 	
Volkswagen A4 Quartro	
Volkswagen GTI VR6 	
Volkswagen Jetta GLX 	
BMW 5281 	
Horida 2.5TL-3.2TL 	
Volvo C70 	
Ford Imports Jaguar XJ8 	
BMW 5401 	
Mercedes-Benz E430 	•	
Ford Imports Jaguar XJR 	
Mercedes-Benz CL500  	
Mercedes-Benz CL600  	
Rolls-Royce Bentley Continental
 MPG
37.1
35.8
35.6
34.
34.
34.
34.
33.
32.6
32.5
31.6
30.9 .
30.6
30.4
30.3
30.3
30.1
30.0
29.9
28.9
28.4
28.3
28.2
27.0
27.0
26.9
26.8
26.4
26.1
26.0
25.-?
25.5
25.3
25.0
25.0
24.8
24.2
23.1
22.7
22.6
21.4
20.5
17.5
              1998 SMALL WAGON
Suzuki Esteem 	
Ford Escort  	
Ford Tracer  	
General Motors  SW  	
Subaru Impreza  AWD  	
Hyundai Elantra 	
Volkswagen A4 Avant  	
Volkswagen A4 Avant  Quattro  ...
Volvo V90  	
Volkswagen A6 Quattro  	
15.0

 MPG
35.0
33.7
33.6
33.4
29.9
29.5
25.5
24.9
24.1
24.0
B-5

-------
                                     APPENDIX B (Continued)
                                     NAMEPLATE MPG LISTING
              1998 MIDSIZE CARS          MPG
Mercedes-Benz E300 Turbodiesel 	 34.5
Chrysler Breeze	 30.0
Honda Accord	 29.4
Toyota Carary	 29.3
Volkswagen Passat	 29.1
Mazda 626 	 28.6
Chrysler Stratus	 28.6
Chrysler Cirrus 	 28.3
Nissan Maxima	 27.8
Mercedes-Benz £320 	!	 27.6
General Motors Malibu	 27.6
General Motors Cutlass	 27.5
Nissan 130 ,	1	 27.2
General Motors Intrigue —	 26.8
General Motors Century 	 26.8
General Motors Lumina, Monte Carlo .... 26.8
GM Imports SAAB 900	 26.5
Chrysler Imports Stratus 	 26.4
General Motors Grand Prix	 26.3
General Motors Regal	 25.9
Volvo S70	 25.9
Chrysler Imports Cirrus 	 25.9
Ford Taurus 	 25.7
Ford Sable	 25.6
Hyundai Sonata 	 25.5
General Motors Riveria	!	 24.6
Toyota LS 400	 24.5
Honda 3.5RL 	 24.5
Toyota GS 300-GS 400 	 24.4
Volkswagen A6	 24.4
Volvo S70 Police	 24.1
Volvo S90	 24.1
Volkswagen Passat Syncro	 23.7
Mitsubishi Diamante Sedan	 23.7
General Motors Aurora	'	 23.6
Ford Mark VIII	 23.6
GM Imports Catera 	!	 23.4
General Motors Eldorado	 23.4
General Motors Seville	 23.4
Volkswagen A6 Quattro 	 	 23.4
Nissan Q45	 23.2
Volkswagen A8 	 23.0
Ford Imports Taurus 	 22.7
Ford Imports Jaguar Vanden Plas 	 22.7
Ford  Imports Jaguar XJ8L	 22.7
BMW 7401	 22.6
Rolls-Royce Bentley Turbo RT 	 15.0
Rolls-Royce Bentley Brooklands 	 15.0
Rolls-Royce Silver Spur	 15.0

             1998 MIDSIZE MASON          MPQ
Volkswagen Passat 	 34.1
Subaru Legacy 	 31.6
Subaru Legacy AWD 	 27.5
Mercedes-Benz E320	 25.9
Volvo V70 	 25.4
Volvo V70 AWD	 24.9
Ford Sable	 24.5
Ford Taurus 	 24.5
Volkswagen Passat Syncro 	 23.7
               1998 LARGE CARS           MPG
Toyota Avalon 	  28.4
Chrysler Intrepid	'.	  27.2
General Motors LeSabre 	  26.8
Chrysler Concorde 	  26.8
General Motors Eighty Eight 	  26.4
General Motors Bonneville 	  25.5
General Motors Park Avenue 	  25.3
GM  Imports SAAB 9000 	  25.0
General Motors Deville	  23.4
Mercedes-Benz S320 	  23.0
Ford Continental 	  22.8
Ford Town Car	  22.8
Ford Grand Marquis 	  22.8
BMW 740IL 	  22.6
Ford Crown Victoria 	  22.0
Mercedes-Benz S420 	  20.7
Mercedes-Benz S500 	  20.0
BMW 750IL 	  19.3
General Motors Funeral Coach/Hearse ...  19.1
General Motors Limousine	  19.1
Mercedes-Benz S600 	  17.1
Rolls-Royce Bentley Brooklands Limo ...  13.7
Rolls-Royce Silver Spur Park Ward 	  13.7
                                                                                             B-6

-------
                                    APPENDIX B (Continued)
                                     NAMEPLATE MPG LISTING
Isuzu Hombre 4WD 	 21
Ford Ranger 4WD 	 20
             1998 SMALL PICKUP            MPG
Nissan Frontier Truck 2WD 	 27.4
Toyota Tacoma 2WD 	 27.0
Nissan Frontier Truck 4WD 	 22.3
Toyota Tacoma 4WD 	 21.6

             1998 MIDSIZE PICKUP          NFS
Isuzu Hombre 2WD 	 26.4
GM S10 2WD 	 25.6
Mazda B2000 2WD 	 25.6
Ford Ranger 2WD 	 24.8
GM Sonoma 2WD 	 24.6
Chrysler Dakota  2WD 	 21.7
GM Sonoma 4WD 	 21.1
GM S10 4WD 	 21.1
                                            0
                                            7
Mazda B3000 4WD 	 20.5
Chrysler Dakota 4WD  	 18.0

             1998 LARGE PICKUP            MPG
Toyota T100 2WD 	 22.0
Ford F150 2WD 	 20.0
GM C1500 Sierra 2WD  	 19.8
Toyota T100 4WD 	 19.7
GM C1500 2WD  	 19.7
GM C2500 2WD  	 18.7
GM C2500 Sierra 2WD  	 18.5
Chrysler Ram 1500 2WD  	 18.1
Ford F250 2WD 	 17.8
Ford F150 4WD 	 17.7
GM K1500 Sierra 4WD  	 17.3
GM K1500 4WD  	 17.3
Ford F250 4WD 	 16.5
Chrysler Ram  1500 4WD  	 16.1
                                                                    1998 MIDSIZE VAN             MPG
                                                        Isuzu Oasis	 27 .2
                                                        Honda Odyssey  	 27.2
                                                        GM  Silhouette  FWD  	 24.2
                                                        GM  Trans Sport FWD  	 24.2
                                                        Toyota Sienna  	 24.2
                                                        GM  Venture FWD 	 24.2
                                                       Chrysler Voyager 2WD  	 24,
                                                       Ford Windstar  FHD Van 	 24
   1
   1
24.0
   4
   0
   0
   9
Chrysler Caravan 2WD 	
Ford Windstar FWD Wagon 	 23
Ford Imports Villager FWD Van 	 23
Ford Imports Villager FWD Wagon 	 23
Nissan Quest 	 22
Chrysler Town s Country 2WD 	 22.8
Chrysler Caravan AWD 	 21.6
Chrysler Town & Country AWD 	 21.6
Mazda MPV 	 21
GM Safari 2WD (Cargo) 	 21
GM Astro 2WD (Cargo) 	 21
GM Safari AWD (Cargo) 	 20
                                                        GM Astro  AWD (Cargo)  	
                                                        GM Safari 2WD (Passenger)
                                                        GM Astro  2WD (Passenger)  ,
                                                        GM Astro  AWD (Passenger)  ,
                                                        GM Safari AWD (Passenger)
20
20
20
19
19.9
                                                        Mazda MPV 4X4 	  19.1

                                                                     1998 LARGE VAN              MPG
                                                        GM G1500-G2500 Chevy Van 2WD 	  18.8
                                                        Ford E150 Econoline 2WD 	r-18.7
                                                        GM G1500-G2500 Savana 2WD Cargo 	  18.7
                                                        Chrysler B1500 Wagon 2WD 	  18.2
                                                        Chrysler B1500 Van 2WD 	  18.2
                                                        GM G1500-G2500 Chevy Express 2W 	  18.0
                                                        GM G1500-G2500 Savana 2WD Pass	18.0
                                                        Ford E250 Econoline 2WD 	  17.8
                                                        Ford E150 Club Wagon	;	  17.3
                                                        Chrysler B2500 Van 2WD	  17.2
                                                        Chrysler B2500 Wagon 2WD 	  17.1
B-7

-------
                                     APPENDIX B (Continued)
                                     KAMEPIATZ MPG LISTING
Toyota RAV4
Toyota RAV4 2WD
Suzuki X-90 4WD
 1998 SMALL UTILITY          MPG
Soft Top 2WD	  30
       	  30
                             30
Suzuki X-90 RWD	 29
Suzuki Sidekick 2Door RWD 	 28
Suzuki Sidekick 2Door 4WD 	 28
GM Imports Tracker 2WD Convertible
GM Imports Tracker 4X4 Convertible
                             28
                             28
Toyota RAV4 Soft Top 4WD 	 28.
Suzuki Sidekick 4Door 4WD	 27.
Suzuki Sidekick 4Door RWD 	 27.
Toyota RAV4 4WD	 27.
GM Imports Tracker 2WD Hardtop 	 27.8
GM Imports Tracker 4X4 Hardtop 	 27.8
Suzuki Sidekick Sport RWD	 27.1
Suzuki Sidekick Sport 4WD 	 27.1
Subaru Forester AWD	 26.8
Isuzu Amigo 2WD 	 25.9
Isuzu Amigo 4WD	 23.7
Chrysler Wrangler 4WD 	 	 20.5
                           i                   !
             1998 KXDSXZX UTILITY        MPG
Honda CR-V	 26.8
Kia Sportage ..."	 24.4
Mitsubishi Montero Sport 2WD 	 24.4
Toyota 4Runrier 2WD	 22.9
Mitsubishi Montero Sport 4WD 	 22.2
Isuzu Rodeo 2WD 	 22.1
lauzu Rodeo 4WD	 21.3
Honda Passport 2WD 	 21.3
Honda Passport 4WD 	 21.2
GM Jimmy 2HD 	 21.1
GM Blazer 2WD 	 21.1
Chrysler Cherokee 2WD	 21.0
Toyota 4Runner 4WD	 21.0
Chrysler Grand Cherokee 2WD 	 20.5
Nissan Pathfinder 2WD 	 20.4
Mitsubishi Montero	 20.4
GM Blazer 4WD 	\	 20.3
GM Jimmy 4WD 	 20.3
GM Jimmy AWD 	 20.3
GM Blazer AWD 	 20.3
GM Bravada AWD 	 20.3
Chrysler Cherokee 4WD	 20.1
Ford Explorer 2HD 	 20.0
Isuzu Trooper 	 19.5
Nissan Pathfinder 4WD	 19.4
Honda SLX	 19.4
Nissan QX4 4WD	 19.3
Ford Explorer 4WD 	 19.2
Chrysler Grand Cherokee 4WD 	 19.0
Rover Land Rover Discovery 	 17.4
Rover Range Rover	 16.5
             1998 LARGE UTILITY
Mercedes-Benz ML320 	
Ford Mountaineer 2WD 	
Ford Mountaineer 4WD 	
GM C1500 Yukon 2WD 	
GM C1500 Suburban 2WD 	
GM C1500 Tahoe 2WD 	
Ford Expedition 2WD 	
Toyota Land Cruiser Wagon 4WD ..
Toyota LX 470 	
Ford Navigator 2WD 	
Chrysler Durango 4WD 	
GM K1500 Yukon 4WD 	
GM K1500 Tahoe 4WD 	
Ford Expedition 4WD 	
Ford Navigator 4WD 	
MPG
21.6
19.3
19.0
18.0
17.9
17.8
17.8
17.
17.
17'.
16.
16.
                                                                                    16.6
                                                                                    16.5
                                                                                    15.9
                                                                                                   B-J

-------
                                     APPENDIX B (Continued)
                                     NAMEPLATE MPG LISTING
               1999 TWO-SEATER            MPG
Mazda MX-5 Miata ....................... 31.1
Mercedes-Benz SLK230 Kompressor ........ 28.8
BMW M Coupe ............................ 25.6
BMW M Roadster ......................... 25.6
BMW Z3 Roadster ........................ 25.3
BMW Z3 Coupe ........................... 25.2
Porsche Boxster ........................ 24.8
General Motors Corvette ................ 23.3
Honda NSX .............................. 23.1
Chrysler Prowler ....................... 22.6
Mercedes-Benz SL500  .................... 21.7
Lotus Esprit V8 ........................ 19.6
Mercedes-Benz SL600  .................... 17.6
Chrysler Viper Coupe ................... 16.4
Chrysler Viper Convertible  ............. 16.4
Ferrari F355-355 Fl  .................... 13.6
Lamborghini DB132-144 Diablo  ........... 13.1
Ferrari 550 Maranello .................. 12 . 5

               1999 MINICOMPACT           MPG
Toyota Paseo Convertible  ............... 37.8
Toyota Paseo ........................... 36.5
Toyota Celica Convertible  .............. 29.4
Mitsubishi Eclipse Convert ............. 28.3
BMW 3231 Convertible ................... 26.9
BMW 3281 Convertible ................... 26.6
Mercedes-Benz CLK320 Cabriolet  ......... 26.2
BMW M3 Convertible  ..................... 24.0
Porsche 911 Carrera  .................... 22.9
Jaguar XK8 Convertible  ................. 22.5
               1999 SOBCCMPJkCT
Honda Civic HX .........................  43.5
Suzuki Swift  ...........................  41.9
GM  Imports Metro  .......................  40.4
Toyota Tercel  ................... .......  37 . 9
Mitsubishi Mirage ......................  37.0
Honda Civic  ............................  36.5
Suzuki Esteem  ..........................  35.6
Nissan Sentra-200SX  ....................  35.5
Hyundai Accent .........................  35.4
General Motors SC ......................  35.0
Ford Escort 2X2  ---- . ...................  32.9
Honda Integra  ..........................  32 . 1
Volkswagen New Beetle  ..................  31.8
General Motors Cavalier  ................  30.0
General Motors Sunfire .................  29.9
Volkswagen Cabrio ......................  29.5
Hyundai Tiburon  ........................  29.4
Subaru Impreze Awd .....................  29.2
Mitsubishi Eclipse .....................  29.1
Toyota Celica  ..........................  28.6
Honda 2.3CL  -  3.0CL  ............... .....  27.8
Honda Prelude  ..........................  27.6
Mercedes-Benz  CLK320  ...................  27.5
BMW 323IS ..............................  26.7
BMW 328 IS ..............................  26.7
Saab  9-3  Convertible  ...................  25.6
BMW M3  .................................  25.6
Volvo C70 Convertible ..................  25.5
General Motors Camaro ..................  25.4
General Motors Firebird-Trans AM .......  25.3
Ford Mustang ...........................  24.9
Toyota SC 300-SC 400  ...................  24.3
Mercedes-Benz  CLK430  ...................  24.2
Mitsubishi 3000GT ......................  24.1
Jaguar XK8  .............................  23.0
Rolls-Royce  Bentley Continental ........  15.0
Rolls-Royce  Bentley Azure ..............  14.9
Rolls-Royce  Bentley Continental SC .....  14.9
 Ferrari  456  MGT-MGTA ...................  13.4
               1999 COMPACT
Toyota Corolla 	
GM Imports Prizm  	
General Motors SL 	
Ford Escort 	
Mazda Protege 	
Ford Tracer 	
Volkswagen New Golf 	
Chrysler Neon (Dodge)  	
Daewoo Lanos 	
Volkswagen Jetta  	
Chrysler Neon (Plymouth) 	
Volkswagen New Jetta  	
BMW 318TI 	
Kia Sephia 	
Volkswagen Golf 	
Hyundai Elantra Sedan 	
Ford Cougar	
Nissan Altima 	
Daewoo Nubira 	
'Ford Mystique 	
Ford Contour 	
Nissan G20 	
Volkswagen New GTI  	
Chrysler Sebring  Convertible  	
Mercedes-Benz C230 Kompressor 	
General Motors Alero  	
General Motors Grand Am  	
Toyota Camry Solara 	
Subaru Legacy Awd 	
Mercedes-Benz C280  	
Volkswagen GTI 	
Chrysler Imports  Dodge Avenger  	
Volkswagen A4	
BMW 3231 	
Volvo C70 	
Chrysler Imports  Chrysler Sebring  ...
BMH 3281 	
Mazda Millenia 	
Chrysler Imports  Sebring Convertible
Volkswagen A4 Quattro 	
Toyota ES 300 	
BMW 5281	
Mercedes-Benz C43 AMG 	
Jaguar XJ8  	
BMW 5401 	
Jaguar XJR  	
Mercedes-Benz CL500 	
Mercedes-Benz CL600 	
Rolls-Royce Bentley Continental 	
                                                                                                 MPG
 37.
 36.
 35.
 34.
 34.
 34.
 33.
 32.6
 32.6
 32.5
 32.2
 32.0
 30.7
 30.6
 30.4
 30.0
 29.9
 29.7
 29.6
 29.6
 29.5
 28.7
 28.5
 28.3
 28.3
 28.0
 28.0
 27.4
 27.4
•-27.3
 27.0
 27.0
 26.5
 26.4
 26.4
 26.3
 26.3
 26.0
 25.5
 25.2
 25.0
 24.8
 23.1
 22.6
 22.5
 21.4
 20.5
 17.5
                1999 SMALL WAGON
 Suzuki Esteem 	
 General Motors SW 	
 Ford Escort 	
 Ford Tracer 	
 Daewoo Nunira  	
 Subaru Impreza Awd 	
 Hyundai Elantra 	
 Volkswagen A4 Avant Quattro
 BMW 5281 Touring 	
 BMW 5401 Touring 	
 15.0

  MPG
 34.7
 34.4
 34.2
 34.1
 29.6
 29.4
 29.2
 25.8
 24.5
 20.5
B-9

-------
                                     APPENDIX B (Continued)
                                     NMntPLATB MPG LISTING
              1999 MIDSIZE SEDAN          MPG
Mercedes-Bsnz E300 Turbodiesel 	 34.9
Toyota Camry 	 29.5
Chrysler Breeze 	 29.4
Honda Accord 	 29.4
Mazda 626	 29.1
Chrysler Stratus 	 28.7
Mercedes-Benz E320 	 27.9
Volkswagen Passat 	 27.7
Hyundai Sonata 	 27.6
General Motors Malibu 	 27.5
Mitsubishi Galant 	 27.5
Nissan Maxima 	 27.4
Nissan 130	 27.2
General Motors Century		 26.9
General Motors Cutlass 	 26.9
Mercedes-Benz E320 4Matic	 26.9
General Motors Lumina-Monte Carlo 	 26.8
Saab 9-5	 26.8
Daewoo Legranza 	 26.7
Volvo S70	 26.6
General Motors Grand Priz  	 26.4
General Motors Regal	 26.0
General Motors Intrigue 	 26.0
Ford Taurus	 25.7
Ford Sable 	 25.7
Saab 9-3	'.	 25.6
Volvo S80	,	 25.6
Chrysler Imports Stratus 	 25.5
Chrysler Imports Cirrus 	 25.5
Honda 3.2T1	 25.4
Toyota GS 300-GS 400 	 25.0
General Motors Riviera		 24.8
Mercedes-Benz E430	 24.8
Toyota IS 400 	 24.4
Volvo S70 Awd 	 24.3
Volkswagen A6 	 24.3
GM Imports Catera 	 23.8
Mitsubishi Diamante Sedan  	 23.7
Volkswagen Passat Syncro 	 23.7
General Motors Aurora	 23.6
Honda 3.5RL	 23.5
Volkswagen A8	 23.4
General Motors Eldorado 	 23.4
General Motors Seville	 23.4
Volkswagen A6 Quattro 	 23.3
Kissan Q45 	 23.1
Volkswagen A8 Quattro	 22.9
Ford Imports Taurus 	 22.7
Jaguar XJ8L	 22.6
Jaguar Vanden Plas 	 22.5
BMW 7401	 22.2
Mercedes-Benz ESS AMG 	 22.0
Jaguar Vanden Plas S.C	 21.3
Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph	 16.
Rolls-Royce Bentley Arnage  	 16.
Rolls-Royce Bentley Turbo RT  	 15.0
Rolls-Royce Silver Spur 	 15.0

              1999 MIDSIZE HAQON          MPG
Subaru Legacy Awd	 27.3
Volkswagen Passat 	 27.2
Mercedes-Benz E320 	 26.8
Volvo V70	 26.6
Mercedes-Benz E320 4Matic 	 25.8
Ford Sable 	 25.2
Ford Taurus	 24.6
Volvo V70 Awd 	 24.3
Volkswagen Passat Syncr	 23.7
Volkswagen A6 Avant Quattro 	 23.3
               1999 LARGE SEDAN
Toyota Avalon 	,	
Chrysler Intrepid 	
Chrysler Concorde 	
General Motors LeSabre 	
General Motors Eighty Eight-Regency
General Motors Bonneville 	
General Motors Park Avenue 	
Chrysler 300 M 	
Chrysler LHS 	
General Motors Limousine 	
General Motors Funeral Coach-Hearse
General Motors DeVille 	
Ford Continental 	
Mercedes-Benz S320 	
BMW 740IL 	
Ford Town Car 	
Ford Grand Marquis 	
Ford Crown Victoria 	
Mercedes-Benz S420 	
Mercedes-Benz S500 	
BMH 750IL 	
Mercedes-Benz S600 	
Rolls-Royce Bentley Brooklands 	
Rolls-Royce Silver Spur Park Ward ..
 MPG
28^1
27.3
26.9
26.8
26.3
25.6
25.5
24.7
24.6
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.3
23.0
22.7
22.6
22.6
20.8
20.7
20.0
18.1
17.1
13.8
13.8
                                                                                                  B-10

-------
                                     APPENDIX B (Continued)
                                     NAMEPLATB MFC LISTING
              1999 SMALL OTILITT          MPG
Toyota RAV4 Soft Top 2wd 	 30.7
Toyota RAV4 2wd 	 30.6
GM Imports Tracker 2wd Convertible  	 29.1
GM Imports Tracker 2wd Hardtop  	 28.8
Suzuki Vitaro 2-Door 2wd 	 28.6
GM Imports Tracker 4x4 Convertible  	 28.5
Suzuki Vitara 2-Door 4wd 	 28.5
Toyota RAV4 Soft Top 4wd 	 28.2
GM Imports Tracker 4x4 Hardtop  	 27.7
Toyota RAV4 4wd 	 27.7
Suzuki Vitara 4-Door 2wd 	 27.5
Suzuki Vitara 4-Door 4wd 	 27.5
Subaru Forester Awd  	 26.9
Isuzu Amigo 2wd 	 25.0
Kia Sportage  	 24.4
Suzuki Grand Vitara  4-Door 2wd  	 23.6
Suzuki Grand Vitara  4-Door 4wd  	 22.9
Isuzu Amigo 4wd 	 22.5
Chrysler Wrangler 4wd  	 20.4
Isuzu Vehicross 	 19.2

              1999 MIDSIZE UTILITY        MPG
Honda CR-V(2wd) 	 27.7
Honda CR-V(4wd) 	 27.3
Toyota RX 300 	 24.4
Toyota RX 300 4wd  	 23.4
Mitsubishi Montero Sport 2wd  	 23.2
Toyota 4Runner 2wd  	 23.0
Isuzu Rodeo 2wd 	 22.2
Mitsubishi Montero Sport 4wd  	 22.2
'Chrysler Cherokee 2wd	 21.7
Honda Passport  	 21.3
Isuzu Rodeo 4wd 	 21.3
Toyota 4Runner  4wd  	 21.1
General Motors  Jimmy 2wd  	 21.1
General Motors Blazer  2wd  	 21.1
Chrysler Grand Cherokee 2wd  	 20.9
Chrysler Cherokee 4wd  	 20.7
General Motors  Bravada Awd  	 20.7
General Motors  Jimmy 4wd  	 20.6
General Motors  Blazer  4wd  	 20.6
Ford Explorer 2wd  	 20.6
Mitsubishi Montero  	 20.2
Nissan Pathfinder 2wd  	 20.2
Chrysler Grand  Cherokee 4wd  	 19.7
Isuzu Trooper 	 19.5
Ford Explorer 4wd  	 19.5
Honda SLX  	 19.4
Nissan Pathfinder  4wd  	 19.4
Nissan QX4  4wd  	 19-2
Land Rover  Discovery 	 17.7
Land Rover  Discovery Series  	 16.7
Land Rover  Range Rover 	 16.5
              1999 LARGE UTILITY          MPG
Mercedes-Benz ML320 	 21.4
Ford Mountaineer 2wd 	 19.3
Mercedes-Benz ML430 	 19.3
Ford Mountaineer 4wd 	 18.8
Chrysler Durango 2wd 	 18.0
General Motors C1500 Suburban 2wd 	 17.9
General Motors C1500 Yukon 2wd 	 17.6
General Motors C1500 Tahoe 2wd 	 17.5
Ford Expedition 2wd 	 17.2
Toyota LX 470 	 17.1
Toyota Land Cruiser Wagon 4wd 	 17.1
Ford Navigator 2wd 	 17.0
Chrysler Durango 4wd 	 16.4
General Motors K1500 Yukon 4wd 	 16.2
General Motors K1500 Tahoe 4wd 	 16.2
General Motors Escalade 4wd 	 16.2
Ford Navigator 4wd 	 15.9
Ford Expedition 4wd 	 15.6
                                                                                                  B-12

-------
                                     APPENDIX B  (Continued)
                                      NAMBPLATZ MPG LISTING
              1999 SMALL PICKUP             MPG
Nissan  Frontier  2wd	  27.0
Toyota  Tacoma 2wd	  26.9
Nissan  Frontier  4wd	  22.4
Toyota  Tacoma 4wd  	  21.8
Nissan  Frontier  V6-4wd		  19.9
                            i ,
             1999 MIDSIZZ  PICKUP          MPG
tsuzu Hombre 2wd	  27.2
Mazda B2SOO  	i	  27.0
General Motors S10 2wd	'.	  26.3
Ford Ranger  2wd	  26.2
General Motors Sonoma 2wd	  26.0
Mazda B3000  FFV  -  2wd 	  22.2
Ford Ranger  FFV  -  2wd 	  22.0
Mazda B4000	  21.8
General Motors S10 4wd		  21.3
General Motors Sonoma 4wd	  21.1
Chrysler Dakota  2wd	  21.1
Isuzu Hombre 4wd	  21.0
Mazda B3000  FFV  -  4wd	  21.0
Ford Ranger  FFV  -  4wd	  20.9
Mazda B4000	  20.8
Ford Ranger  4wd	  20.7
Chrysler Dakota  4wd	  17.7

              1999  LARS* PICKUP             MPG
General Motors ClSOO Silverado  2wd 	  20.7
General Motors C1500 Sierra 2wd 	  20.2
Ford F150 2wd 	1	  19-6
General Motors K1500 Silverado  4wd 	  18.9
General Motors K1500 Sierra 4wd 	  18.5
General Motors ClSOO Pickup 2wd 	  18.4
Chrysler RAM 1500  2wd	".	  17.8
Ford F250 2wd	  17.5
General Motors K1500 4wd	  17.4
General Motors C2500 Silverado  2wd 	  17.3
Ford F150 4wd			  17.3
General Motors C2500 Sierra 2wd 	  17.2
Ford Navigator 4wd	  16.1
Chrysler Ram 1500  4wd	  15.9
Ford F250 4wd 	  15.9
            1999 MIDSIZE VAN             MPG
Isuzu Oasis 	 26.9
Honda Odyssey 	 24.1
Toyota Sienna 	 24.1
Chrysler Voyager 2wd 	 24.0
General Motors Silhouette Fwd 	 23.7
General Motors Trans Sport Fwd 	 23.7
General Motors Venture Fwd 	 23.7
Chrysler Caravan 2wd 	 23.7
Nissan Quest 	 23.1
Ford Imports Villager Fwd Wagon 	 22.9
Ford Windstar Fwd Van 	 22.8
Chrysler Town & Country 2wd 	 22.8
Ford Windstar Fwd Wagon 	 22.3
Chrysler Town & Country Awd	 21.6
Chrysler Caravan Awd 	 21.6
General Motors Safari 2wd (Cargo)  	 21.1
General Motors Astro 2wd (Cargo)  	 21.1
General Motors Safari 2wd (Passenger)  .. 20.7
General Motors Astro 2wd (Passenger)  ... 20.7
General Motors Safari Awd (Cargo)  	 20.7
General Motors Astro Awd (Cargo)  	 20.7
General Motors Safari Awd (Passenger)  .. 19.8
General Motors Astro Awd (Passenger)  ... 19.8
Volkswagen Group Eurovan 	 19.5
Chrysler B1500 Van 2wd 	 18.3
Chrysler B1500 Wagon 2wd 	 	 18.0

             1999 LARGE VAM               MPG
Volkswagen Group Eurovan Camper 	 18.5
General Motors G1500-G2500 Chevy	.—18*5
General Motors G1500-G2500 Savana Cargo  18.2
General Motors G1500-G2500 Chevy Express 18.1
General Motors G1500-G2500 Savana Pass.  18.0
Ford E150 Econoline	 17.9
Chrysler B2500 Van  	 17.9
Chrysler B2500 Wagon 	 1-7.3
Ford E250 Econoline  	 17.2
Ford E150 Club Wagon	 17.1
B-ll

-------
Appendix C
Table Cl
(Continued)
Weight Rank
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5500
5500
6000
6500
\
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
1
1
Manufacturer
Mercedes-Benz
GM Imports
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
General Motors
Volvo
Mercedes-Benz
General Motors
Chrysler Corp.
Mercedes -Benz
Volvo
Mercedes-Benz
BMW
BMW
Mercedes-Benz
Ford Imports
BMW
Ford Motor Co.
Mercedes-Benz
Ferrari
Ferrari
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
BMW
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce
MT99 Bast in
Model Name
E300 Turbodiesel
SAAB 9-5
E320
E320 4Matic
E320
Camaro
C70 Convertible
CLK320 Cabriolet
Camaro
Concord
E320 4Matic
380
3320
7401
5401
SL500
Jaguar Vanderplas
7401
Crown Victoria
SL600
456
456
S420
CL500
S500
750IL
CL600
S600
Silver Seraph
Bentley Arnage
Bentley Continental
Silver Spur
Bentley Azure
Silver Spur
Class
Drive
Rear
Front
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Front
Rear
Rear
Front
4wd
Front
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rol« Modals
CID
183
141
195
195
195-
231
142
195
231
195
195
178
303
268
268
303
244
268
281
365
334
334
256
303
303
328
365
365
328
268
412
412
412
412
Cyl.
6
4
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
8
8
8
8
8
HP Trans
174
170
221
221
221
200
236
215
200
225
221
201
228
"282
282
302
370
282
175
390
436
436
275
315
315
326
389
389
322
350
350
350
350
300
L5
M5
L5
L5
L5
L4
M5
L5
M5
L4
L5
L4
L5
L5
L5
L5
L5
L5
L4
L5
M6
L4
L5
L5
L5
L5
L5
L5
L5
L5
L4
L4
L4
L4
Size Class
Midsize Car
Midsize -ar
Midsize Car
Midsize Car
Midsize Wagon
Subcompact
Subcompact
Minicompact
Subcompact
Large Car
Midsize Wagon
Midsize Car
Large Car
Midsize Car
Compact
Two Seater
Midsize Car
Midsize Car
Large Car
Two Seater
Subcompact
Subcompact
Large Car
Compact
Large Car
Large Car
Compact
Large Car
Midsize Car
Midsize Car
Subcompact
Midsize Car
Subcompact
Large Car
Cars
MPG
34
28
27
26
26
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
23
22
22
21
21
20
19
17
13
13
20
20
20
18
17
17
16
16
15
15
14
13
.9
.4
.9
.9
.8
.3
.2
.2
.1
.9
.8
.8
.0
.7
.7
.7
.3
.2
.3
.6
.8
.3
.7
• 5
.0
.1
.5
.1
.2
.0
.0
.0
.9
.8
                                                C-2

-------
Table Cl
                                           Appendix C




                                 MT99 B«st in Clm»« Rol« Modal*
Weight Rank Manufacturer   Model Name
Drive  CID  Cyl.   HP Trans  Size Class
                                              Cars
                                                                                         MPG
2000
2250
2250
2250
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500

2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
1
1
2
3
1-
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
GM Imports
GM Imports
Toyota
GM Imports
Honda
Toyota
Toyota
Mitsubishi
Honda
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
Suzuki
Nissan
Toyota
Mitsubishi

Honda
Honda
Toyota
Honda
GM Imports
Nissan
Suzuki
Chrysler Corp.
Honda
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Toyota
Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Chrysler Corp.
Mazda
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Honda
Honda
Volkswagen
Honda
Honda
Toyota
Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi
Toyota
Toyota
Honda
Nissan
General Motors
Metro
Metro
Tercel
Metro
Civic HX
Paseo Convertible
Tercel
Mirage
Civic
SW
SL
SC
Esteem
Sentra
Tercel
Mirage
i
Civic HX
Civic HX
Corolla
Civic
Prizm
Sentra
Esteem Wagon
Neon
Civic
Escort Wagon
Escort
Corolla
New Beetle
New Jetta
Jetta
New Beetle
New Jetta
Breeze
€26
Cougar
Contour
Integra
Integra
New Beetle
Accord
2 . 3CL-3 . OCL
Camry
Passat Wagon
Passat
Eclipse
Eclipse Convertible
Camry
Celica Convertible
Accord
Altima
Cavalier
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
1
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
61
79
91
79
97
91
91
90
97
116
116
116
97
98
91
112

97
97
108
97
108
98
97
122
97
121
121
108
116
116
116
116
116
122
122
121
121
112
110
109
138
138
132
109
109
122
122
132
132
138
146
146
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
55
79
93
79
115
93
93
92
106
100
100
100
98
115
93
113

115
115
120
106
120
115
98
132
127
104
104
120
90
90
90
90
90
132
125
125
125
140
170
148
150
150
133
150
150
210
210
130
130
150
150
150
MS
M5
MS
A3
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
L4
MS

MS
AV
M5
M5
MS
M5
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
L4
MS
MS
M5
L4
L4
M5
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Minicompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Small Wagon
Compact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact

Subcompact
Subcompact
Compact
Subcompact
Compact
Subcompact
Small Wagon
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Compact
Compact
Subcompact
Compact
Compact
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize Car
Midsize Car
Compact
Compact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Midsize Car
Subcompact
Midsize Car
Midsize Wagon
Midsize Car
Subcompact
Mincompact
Midsize Car
Mincompact
Midsize Car
Compact
Subcompact
50.
47.
40.
37.
45.
42.
42.
41.
40.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
8
8
3
5
8
1
1
9
7
6
6
6
6
4
2
37..1

44.
41.
39.
39.
39.
38.
37.
37.
37.
36.
36.
36.
52.
52.
50.
44.
44.
35.
34.
32.
32.
32.
32.
32.
32.
31.
31.
31.
31.
30.
30.
30.

2
8
5
5
3
5
9
7
0
9
9
8
6
6
9
7
7
4
1
6
6
4
4
3
2
7
0
0
0
7
5
2
30.2
30.0
29.5
29.4
 C-l

-------
Appendix C
'able C2 (Continued)
Weight
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
Rank Manufacturer
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Mercedes-Benz
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
Mercedes-Benz
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
Volkswagen
General Motors
General Motors
General Motors
Ford Motor Co.
Chrysler Corp.
Ford Motor Co.
General Motors
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
General Motors
Toyota
Chrysler Corp.
General Motors
Ford Motor Co.
General Motors
Ford Motor Co.
Chrysler Corp.
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co.
MT99 B««t in Cl««»
Model Name
ML320
C1500 Sierra 2wd
Astro Awd
C2500 Sierra 2wd
C1500 Sierra 2wd
C1500 Sierra 2wd
G1500-G2500 Chevy
ML430
K1500 Sierra 4wd
G1500-G2500 Chevy
K1500 Sierra 4wd
C1500 Sierra 2wd
G1500-G2500 Chevy
Eurovan Camper
G1500-G2500 Chevy
C1500 Suburban 2wd
G1500-G2500 Chevy
E150 Club Wagon
Ram 1500 2wd
E150 Club Wagon
K1500 4wd
Navigator 2wd
Expedition 2wd
E250 Econoline 2wd
K1500 Tahoe 4wd
Land Cruiser Wagon
Ram 1500 4wd
K1500 Yukon 4wd
E150 Club Wagon
Escalade 4wd
Expedition 4wd
Ram 1500 4wd
Navigator 4wd
Expedition 4wd
Navigator 4wd
E250 Econoline 2wd
Drive
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Front
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
Rear
Rol« Mod«l«
CID
195
293
262
325
325
293
262
262
293
305
325
350
262
170
305
350
350
256
318
280
350
330
330
330
395
287
318
350
330
350
280
360
330
330
330
330
Cyl
6
8
6
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
6
6
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
. HP
215
240
190
265
265
240
195
268
240
220
265
255
195
140
220
255
255
205
220
215
250
300
260
260
180
230
220
255
235
255
215
235
300
230
230
235
Trans
L5
L4
L4
L4
L4
MS
L4
L5
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
Size Class
Large
Large
Utility
Pickup
Midsize Van
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Utility
Pickup
Van
Pickup
Pickup
Van
Van
Van
Utility
Van
Van
Pickup
Van
Pickup
Utility
Utility
Van
Utility
Utility
Pickup
Utility
Van
Utility
Utility
Pickup
Pickup
Utility
Utility
Van
Trucks
MPG
21.4
20.1
19.8
19.7
19.7
19.6
19.3
19.3
19.0
18.7
18.6
18.4
19.1
18.5
17.9
17.9
17.9
17.8
17.6
17.5
17.4
17.1
16.9
16.9
18.9 "
17.1
16.3
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.1
16.1
15.5
15.5
14.9
                                             C-4

-------
                                        Appendix C
Table C2

Weight Rank
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Manufacturer
Suzuki
GM Imports
Toyota
Toyota
Suzuki
GM Imports
Toyota
Suzuki
Suzuki
GM Imports
Nissan
GM Imports
Toyota
GM Imports
GM Imports
General Motors
Nissan
Toyota
GM Imports
Subaru
Suzuki
Honda
Ford Motor Co.
Mazda
Honda
Honda
Toyota
Mitsubishi
Chrysler Corp.
Toyota
Isuzu
Chrysler Corp.
Toyota
Chrysler Corp.
Toyota
Toyota
General Motors
Chrysler Corp.
Chrysler Corp.
Honda
Chrysler Corp.
Chrysler Corp.
Chrysler Corp.
Chrysler Corp.
Ford Motor Co.
Mitsubishi
Chrysler Corp.
Ford Motor Co.
Chrysler Corp.
General Motors
Mitsubishi
MT99 B««t in
Model Name
Vitara 2-Door 2wd
Tracker 2wd Conv.
RAV4 2wd
RAV4 2wd
Vitara 2-Door 4wd
Tracker 4X4 Conv.
RAV4 2wd
Vitara 2-Door 2wd
Vitara 2-Door 4wd
Tracker 2wd Hardtop
Frontier 2wd
Tracker 2wd Conv.
RAV4 Soft Top 4wd
Tracker 2wd Conv.
Tracker 2wd Hardtop
S10 2wd
Frontier 2wd
RAV4 4wd
Tracker 4X4 Hardtop
Forester Awd
Vitara 4-Door 4wd
CR-V(2wd)
Ranger 2wd
B2500
CR-V (4wd)
CR-V (4wd)
RAV4 4wd
Montero Sport 2wd
Caravan 2wd
4 Runner 2wd
Amigo 4wd
Caravan 2wd
RX 300
Dakota 2wd
Sienna
4 Runner 2wd
Venture Fwd
Caravan 2wd
Caravan 2wd
I
Odyssey
Caravan 2wd
Caravan 2wd
Caravan 2wd
Caravan 2wd
Windstar Fwd Wagon
Montero Sport 4wd
Caravan Awd
F150 2wd
Caravan Awd
C1500 Silverado 2wd
Montero
Cl*«» Rol« Modals
Drive
Rear
Rear
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
Front
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
Front
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
4wd
Rear
Front
Rear
4wd
Front
Front
Rear
Front
Rear
Front
Front
Front
!
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
4wd
CID Cyl.HP Trans
97
97
122
122
97
97
122
97
97
122
146
122
122
122
122
134
146
122
122
150
122
120
153
153
120
120
122
143
148
164
134
181
183
150
183
164
204
201
201
212
201
201
232
232
232
181
232
256
232
293
181
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
4
6
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
6
97
97
127
127
97
97
127
97
97
127
142
127
125
127
127
118
142
127
127
165
127
146
118
118
146
146
125
132
150
150
130
150
220
120
190
150
185
158
162
205
158
158
180
180
200
173
180
205
180
240
177
M5
MS
M5
M5
M5
M5
L4
L4
L4
L4
M5
L4
L4
M5
MS
MS
M5
L4
L4
M5
L4
L4
M5
MS
L4
M5
MS
MS
L3
L4
MS
L4
L4
MS
L4
MS
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
MS
L4
L4
L4
.Size Class
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Pickup
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Midsize Pickup
Small Pickup
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Small Utility
Midsize Utility
Midsize Pickup
Midsize Pickup
Midsize Utility
Midsize Utility
Small Utility
Midsize Utility
Midsize Van
Midsize Utility
Small Utility
Midsize Van
Midsize Utility
Midsize Pickup
Midsize Van
Midsize Utility
Midsize Van
Midsize van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Utility
Midsize Van
Large Pickup
Midsize Van
Large Pickup
Midsize Utility
Trucks
MPG
31.1
31.1
30.9
30.9
30.7
30.6
30.5
30.3
29.5
29.0
28.8
28.5
28.3
28.2
28.1
2 9. '6
28.0
27.9
27.8
27.8
27.7
27.7
27.6
27.6
27.3 "
27.2
27.1
26.6
25.9
25.3
24.9
24.9
24.4
24.3
24.1
23.8
23.7
23.5
23.5
24.1
23.5
23.5
22.7
22.4
22.3
22.3
21.6
21.3
21.2
21.0
20.8
C-3

-------
Table D-l
                                                    Appendix D




                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
DOMESTIC CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
6718
8253
9293
8958
8682
6728
6261
5506
5683
8102
7797
7517
6608
6574
6204
5007
4793
4724
5106
4685
5495
4564
4593
4531
4282

FRAC
.816
.849
.822
.802
.804
.712
.717
.704
.710
.759
.723
.682
.616
.612
.619
.568
.562
.583
.604
.558
.585
.578
' .550
.561
.544
FUEL
CITY
12.8
14.4
14.9
16.1
16.8
18.9
20.2
20.8
20.5
21.3
21.8
22.4
22.4
22.7
22.4
22.0
22.0
21.7
22.4
21.7
22.4
22.3
22.6
22.9
22.2
ECONOMY
HWY
18.1
20.1
20.7
23.0
23.3
27.1
29.4
31.3
30.9
32.1
33.2
34.5
34.8
35.7
35.6
35.5
35.5
35.5
36.4
35.5
37.1
37.0
37.3
38.0
36.6
55/45
14.7
16.5
17.1
18.6
19.2
21.9
23.5
24.5
24.1
25.1
25.8
26.6
26.7
27.1
26.9
26.5
26.6
26.3
27.1
26.3
27.2
27.2
27.5
27.8
27.0
WGHT
LB
4380
4317
4246
3853
3711
3341
3291
3247
3310
3233
3246
3199
3200
3247
3276
3359
3335
3399
3327
3431
3368
3400
3373
3338
3456
VOL'
CU-FT


115.8
114.4
114.4
110.5
113.2
112.1
114.6
111.5
112.7
111.6
112.1
112.2
112.6
112.9
112.9
114.1
113.3
112.8
112.7
112.2
112.8
110.8
113.1
ENGINE
CID
328
318
316
287
270
220
209
200
208
197
199
190
189
189
190
193
194
201
192
201
192
189
187
182
191
HP
147
142
144
134
129
110
106
105
111
109
117
117
120
126
128
134
139
147
143
154
161
166
166
164
173
0-60
TIME
14.2
14.4
13.9
13.6
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.0
13.8
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.4
12.3
12.2
11.9
11.4
11.6
11.2
10.7
10.5
10.4
10.4
10.3
TOP
SPD
113
111
113
113
112
108
108
107
109
109
112
112
114
115
116
117
119
122
121
124
127
128
128
128
130
HP/
CID
.456
.454
.460
.480
.499
.530
.549
.567
.565
.593
.625
.646
.666
.695
.703
.715
.730
.748
.757
.777
.858
.894
.898
.916
.920
HP/
WT
.0331
.0324
.0336
.0345
.0345
.0327
.0323
.0322
.0331
.0336
.0357
.0363
.0374
.0386
.0391
.0397
.0412
.0430
.0425
.0444
.0471
.0482
.0484
.0487
.0494
TON
-MPG
32.6
35.8
36.4
36.0
35.8
36.6
38.7
40.0
40.2
40.8
41.9
42.6
42.7
44.1
44.0
44.6
44.3
44.7
45.1
45.1
45.9
46.2
46.3
46.5
46.8
CU-FT
-MPG


2005
2170
2230
2446
2706
2800
2828
2857
2950
2998
3017
3069
3047
3014
3028
3016
3102
2980
3104
3073
3120
3110
3081
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


4220
4129
4100
4067
4408
4504
4611
4553
4734
4767
4801
4963
4972
5045
5029
5120
5135
5105
•5.182
5198
5231
5163
5294
  PERCENT OF DOMESTIC CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
1.3
1.4
1.4
3.3
5.4
22.3
32.4
42.9
42.4
51.3
60.0
68.2
74.3
78.8
80.7
84.7
82.4
82.3
84.1
80.1
83.2
84.4
86.4
89.0
85.3
4WD





.6
.3
• .4
.6
.3

.1
.1

.3
.1









TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
8.2
8.1
4.4
6.9
9.1
15.7
15.3
15.4
12.3
13.6
11.0
11.7
10.8
10.0
8.5
6.2
7.1
6.2
8.2
6.8
9.4
8.6
7.8
8.7
8.7
LOCK



8.4
10.0
23.2
45.3
70.5
72.8
69.1
69.6
70.6
70.6
80.3
81.8
85.4
87.9
88.2
86.7
89.3
90.6
91.4
92.2
87.5
91.3
FUEL METERING
FI
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
1.2
3.7
13.9
27.3
38.3
57.5
70.7
84.8
95.5
98.4
99.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TBI





1.0
3.7
13.9
26.6
32.0
44.2
41.0
45.2
36.1
34.6
27.4
26.9
11.2
9.0
6.9
.5




PORT
.6
.9
.7
1.1
1.2
.2


.7
6.3
13.3
29.6
39.6
59.4
63.8
71.9
73.1
88.8
91.0
93.1
99.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB
99.4
99.1
99.3
98.5
97.3
95.6
91.3
82.4
71.5
60.7
42.3
29.2
15.1
4.5
1.6
.7









DSL



.4
1.6
3.2
5.0
3.7
1.2
.9
.2
.1
.1












FOUR
VALVE













1.8
2.8
2.4
1.1
3.6
4.1
10.1
26.0
32.5
30.8
34.2
36.9
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
45.9
47.7
41.8
31.2
30.4
36.4
32.7
38.8
34.7
45.3
40.7
43.6
43.3
48.1
40.4
36.6
40.6
38.3
43.1
40.0
45.8
42.9
41.8
45.6
38.8
MID
28.1
29.4
29.6
42.7
42.1
47.7
50.3
43.4
44.1
37.2
38.0
38.1
37.1
31.8
38.7
41.5
38.3
35.5
35.4
32.7
31.9
35.5
34.5
37.0
35.7
LARGE
26.1
22.9
28.6
26.1
27.5
15.8
17.0
17.8
21.3
17.4
21.3
18.3
19.6
20.1
21.0
21.9
21.1
26.2
21.5
27.3
22.3
21.6
23.7
17.4
25.5
 D-l

-------
Table D-2
                                                     Appendix D




                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999  LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
EUROPEAN CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
673
527
623
707
599
791
525
494
440
640
665
732
743
675
550
437
390
331
290
338
507
406
544
621
727
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.082
.054
.055
.063
.056
.084
.060
.063
.055
.060
.062
.066
.069
.063
.055
.050
.046
.041
.034
.040
.054
.051
.065
.077
.092
CITY
19.6
20.1
21.3
21.9
21.7
24.3
25.5
25.1
23.7
23.2
22.8
22.6
22.5
21.9
21.1
21.0
21.1
20.9
20.9
21.0
21.5
22.1
21.6
22.1
22.1
HWY
29.1
29.3
31.4
32.0
31.4
35.1
36.0
34.3
33.0
32.8
32.3
32.2
31.8
31.9
31.1
31.2
31.8
32.2
32.5
33.2
33.9
35.1
34.6
35.1
35.1
55/45
23.0
23.4
24.9
25.5
25.2
28.2
29.4
28.6
27.2
25;. 7
26.3
26.1
25.9
25.5
24.7
24.6
24.9
24.8
24.9
25.2
25.8
26.5
26.0
26.5
26.5
WGHT
LB
2704
2720
2676
2579
2680
2574
2765
2895
3041
2987
3070
3016
3032
3084
3209
3360
3393
3467
3590
3584
3604
3485
3566
3534
3594
VOL
CU-FT


89.6
91.1
89.3
89.6
93.1
96.4
98.5
99.9
102.5
103.0
100.8
103.1
104.4
105.1
104.4
103.9
105.5
105.1
104.8
103.9
103.1
103.1
101.8
ENGINE 1
CID
114
119
115
112
118
ll2
121
128
140
139
145
146
145
149
156
155
156
156
164
164
165
158
169
163
167
HP
83
85
84
83
84
78
84
92
107
110
117
123
128
133
144
148
150
161
174
181
185
168
185
184
190
0-60
TIME
15.3
14.8
14.8
14.5
14.9
15.2
15.2
14.8
13.5
13.0
12.7
12.2
11.9
11.7
11.3
11.5
11.5
11.1
10.6
10.3
10.2
10.6
10.0
10.1
9.9
TOP
SPD
103
104
104
104
104
102
103
105
110
112
114
116
118
119
122
122
122
125
129
131
132
128
133
133
134
HP/
CID
.729
.728
.734
.743
.720
.699
.693
.718
.773
.797
.823
.857
.890
.899
.933
.961
.969
1.029
1.060
1.103
1.117
1.062
1.093
1.128
1.140
HP/
WT
.0298
.0309
.0309
.0317
.0310
.0302
.0300
.0312
.0349
.0364
.0378
.0400
.0412
.0421
.0440
.0431
.0432
.0453
.0475
.0495
.0503
.0475
.0511
.0511
.0520
TON
-MPG
31.4
32.2
34.0
33.9
34.7
37.5
42.1
42.7
42.0
40.8
41.1
39.8
39.5
39.6
39.9
41.7
42.5
43.2
44.7
45.2
46.5
46.4
46.6
47.5
48.2
C0-FT
-MPG


2368
2505
2415
2690
2928
2923
2785
2772
2818
2793
2699
2707
2653
2657
2677
2639
2656
2686
2744
2796
2719
2799
2765
CO-F"
TON-MI


309
312
314
339
393
414
418
408
423
412
4fll
410
418
439
445
450
472
476
•488
4~84
482
491
493
   PERCENT OF EUROPEAN CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
46.1
46.3
55.0
61.9
54.0
69.3
61.1
54.8
42.0
45.4
45.0
47.1
45.7
50.7
44.4
42.9
43.1
36.8
34.6
38.8
44.3
56.1
43.7
44.9
45.6
4WD








.1
.5
.6
1.2
1.4
1.0
.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
2.9
2.4
1.5
4.5
4.4
7.9
11.6
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
68.5
65.5
73.1
74.2
73.2
78.0
68.7
61.2
53.6
51.0
46.4
47.1
49.3
41.1
31.5
29.2
29.7
29.5
24.8
22.8
27.3
32.7
29.7
25.5
34.4
LOCK







.1
.3
.6
7.1
11.9
11.2
25.4
29.5
32.7
31.5
34.7
45.5
56.6
50. £
54.3
69.9
74.6
65.1
FUEL METERING
FI
38.8
33.7
52.4
53.9
47.6
48.9
61.4
65.6
77.1
84.2
88.8
91.4
90.3
94.2
98.7
99.2
97.0
98.5
100.0
100.0
99.0
98.1
98.9
95.7
96.5
TBI PORT
38.8
33.7
52.4
53.9
47.6
48.9
61.4
65.6
77.1
84.2
88.8
91.4
90.3
2.4 91.8
.1 98.7
99.2
97.0
98.5
6.8 93.2
100.0
99.0
98.1
98.9
95.7
96.5
CARB
58.3
61.6
38.9
36.7
37.1
25.3
2.2
6.3
3.5
2.2
.3
5.3
6.6
5.7
.5

.2








DSL
2.9
4.7
8.6
9.5
15.3
25.8
36.4
28.1
19.4
13.6
10.9
3.3
3.1
.1
.8
.8
2.8
1.5


1.0
1.9
1.1
4.3
3.5
FOUR
VALVE











6.7
9.2
12.4
13.8
18.8
27.0
36.9
61.1
68.4
68.5
56.4
68.9
58.2
50.2
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
94.8
95.8
95.6
96.9
94.2
96.0
95.0
93.8
90.5
81.6
79.5
76.4
78.5
68.4
66.0
63.0
65.3
68.2
59.0
64.6
69.8
65.7
62.6
55.0
59.5
MID
5.2
4.2
4.4
3.1
5.8
4.0
5.0
6.2
9.3
18.4
20.5
22.1
19.7
23.6
24.6
30.7
26.3
22.4
32.1
30.9
24.8
28.9
31.2
40.5
38.1
LARGE
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
1.5
1.9
8.0
9.4
6.2
8.4
9.4
8.9
4.5
5.4
5.4
6.2
4.5
2.4
                                                                                                                D-2

-------
Table D-3
                                                     Appendix D




                                CHARACTERISTICS Ot 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTT VEHICLES
ASIAN CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
846
942
1383
1510
1513
1924
1948
1819
1879
1933
2328
2765
3380
3487
3264
3365
3341
3052
3060
3379
3394
2923
3210
2926
2867
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.103
.097
.122
.135
.140
.204
.223
.233
.235
.181
.216
.251
.315
.325
.326
.382
.392
.377
.362
.402
.361
.370
.385
.362
.364
CITY
20.1
23.0
25.4
25.3
23.4
25.5
27.5
27.6
28.7
28.5
28.1
28.8
27.9
28.6
27.6
26.4
26.7
26.1
26.3
26.7
26.2
26.0
25.9
25.8
25.7
HWY
29.3
33.3
35.8
34.3
32.4
34.7
36.5
37.2
39.4
39.9
39.2
40.0
39.2
39.6
38.9
37.5
38.1
38.0
38.5
39.5
. 39.2
38.9
39.0
39.1
39.0
55/45
23.4
26.7
29.2
28.7
26.7
29.0
30.9
31.2
32.7
32.7
32.2
32.9
32.0
32.7
31.8
30.4
30.8
30.4
30.6
31.2
30.8
30.5
30.5
30.5
30.4
WGHT
LB
2575
2550
2485
2482
2506
2482
2469
2512
2528
2569
2585
2616
2700
2662
2745
2879
2865
2968
2971
2968
3041
3068
3084
3210
3219
VOL
CD- FT


83.7
85.3
84.9
88.5
88.6
90.6
93.1
93.6
94.6
96.8
97.1
98.1
98.9
98.6
98.3
100.1
100.5
102.2
102.9
104.5
103.8
106.9
106.5
ENGINE
CID
113
108
104
106
107
107
109
113
112
114
113
110
111
108
112
119
119
123
123
122
127
129
129
136
136
HP
93
86
84
83
78
77
78
80
82
88
89
90
93
93
103
118
120
127
127
123
134
134
137
147
149
0-60
TIME
13.4
13.9
13.9
13.9
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.4
14.2
13.7
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.6
12.9
12.0
11.8
11.7
11.6
11.9
11.3
11.4
11.2
10.9
10.9
TOP
SPD
109
106
106
105
103
103
103
104
105
107
107
107
107
108
111
116
117
118
118
117
120
120
121
124
124
HP/
CID
.814
.795
.798
.784
.734
.720
.713
.707
.731
.768
.782
.810
.827
.851
.908
.983
1.011
1.036
1.027
1.009
1.059
1.043
1.063
1.084
1.092
HP/
WT
.0354
.0333
.0332
.0332
.0309
.0308
.0313
.0314
.0322
.0339
.0338
.0337
.0338
.0343
.0368
.0402
.0412
.0421
.0419
.0409
.0435
.0432
.0440
.0454
.0458
TON
-MPG
30.8
34.3
37.0
36.3
33.9
36.4
38.6
39.7
41.9
42.5
42.2
43.5
43.6
43.8
43.9
44.1
44.5
45.4
45.8
46.7
47.1
47.1
47.2
49.2
49.1
CD- FT
-MPG
686
829
2543
2531
2356
2647
2815
2924
3159
3174
3175
3287
3194
3291
3216
3060
3101
3120
3159
3269
3229
3252
3210
3304
3275
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


3105
3097
2895
3232
3426
3611
3924
4004
4013
4211
4236
4299
4341
4347
4374
4541
4608
4770
4845
4~923
4904
5254
5232
   PERCENT  OF ASIAN CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998'
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
17.0
21.2
22.0
22.8
32.4
39.2
45.5
51.3
63.2
66.8
71.8
85.3
89.3
93.0
92.4
89.9
89.1
83.3
91.5
94.4
85.6
94.2
94.0
93.6
93.7
4WD




2.5
2.4
2.1
2.2
11.3
4.2
9.4
3.6
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.4
2.8
3.0
1.4
3.0
3.4
3.8
4.1
3.9
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
74.0
69.2
74.4
74.1
77.8
69.7
68.7
64.4
67.1
59.4
59.0
54.4
47.1
47.9
42.9
38.3
38.7
33.1
33.3
28.0
25.5
22.2
18.8
19.1
16.0
LOCK






3.7
7.4
21.4
32.3
36.6
36.1
48.3
47.3
52.2
59.5
57.9
62.6
63.6
67.8
72.5
75.3
79.5
80.0
83.1
FUEL METERING
FI
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
29.1
29.9
43.2
46.1
59.6
73.2
97.4
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TBI









.5
.4
1.7
8.5
23.9
19.6
14.4
17.2
10.2
7.6
2.9
2.4
3.0
2.1
.6
.1
PORT
14.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
8.1
9.4
11.0
13.1
20.2
28.6
29.5
41.4
37.6
35.7
53.6
82.9
82.7
89.8
92.4
97.1
97.6
97.0
97.9
99.4
99.9
CARB DSL
85.6
94.0
93.7
94.1
91.9
90.6
88.2 .8
85.6 1.3
79.3 .5
70.1 .8
69.9 .2
56.8 .1
53.9
40.4
26.8
2.6
.1








FOUR
VALVE











4.6
15.8
26.2
31.6
61.3
67.3
69.4
78.0
76.1
91.8
93.1
93.9
97.1
97.9
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.1
99.6
95.8
91.0
90.7
91.0
83.4
80.5
83.5
74.3
70.7
72.6
50.9
51.5

MID LARGE










.8
1.9
.4
4.2
9.0
9.3
9.0
16.6
19.5
16.5
24.0
27.1
25.1
46.7
46.1




















1.8
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.4
 D-3

-------
Appendix D
Table D-4
MODEL
1
• 1975
1976
1977
| 1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
CHARACTERISTICS
SALES
(000) FRAC
1763 .887
2374 .909
2499 .885
2915 .891
2615 .847
1292 .694
1310 .720
1459 .763
1806 .785
2608 .780
2939 .801
3057 .703
2989 .723
3695 .811
3634 .819
3055 .803
3227 .797
3342 .822
3929 .826
4543 .829
4646 .808
4450 .847
5187 .833
5413 .826
5546 .813
FUEL ECONOMY

CITY HWY 55/45
11.6 15.4 13
12.4 16.3 13
13.4 17.2 14
13.2 16.7 14
12.7 15.7 13
14.9 19.8 16
16.1 21.7 18
16.8 22.7 19
17.2 23.8 19
16.8 23.4 19
17.0 23.7 19
17.4 24.2 19
17.7 25.2 20
17.7 25.5 20
17.5 25.3 20
17.3 25.4 20
17.8 26.2 20
17.4 25.8 20
17.5 26.2 20
17.5 25.9 20
17.2 25.7 20
17.4 26.3 20
17.3 26.0 20
17.0 25.8 20
16.8 25.2 19
.1
.9
.9
.5
.8
.8
.2
.0
.6
.2
.5
.9
.4
.5
.3
.2
.8
.4
.6
.5
.2
.5
.3
.1
.7
WGHT
LB
4227
4282
4298
4304
4504
4323
4173
4077
3977
3991
3963
3994
3932
3989
4048
4142
4051
4167
4163
4221
4276
4317
4442
4427
4554
OF 1975
TO 1999
VOL ENGINE
CU-FT CiD HP
335 149
33'9 146
343 154
337 152
3:
3C
0 148
3 136
293 132
277 130
256 125
250 125
245 130
242 134
237 143
247 150
253 153
2^7 158
247 156
251 161
251 168
255 17l
262 173
256 183
262 192
259 196
265 201
LISH7-DUTZ
0-60
TIME
13.4
13.8
13.2
13.2
14.2
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.5
14.6
14. r
13.8
13.0
12.7
12.6
12.5
12.4
12.4
12.0
11.9
11.9
11.5
11.3
11.1
11.1
TOP
SPD
115
113
116
115
1-13
110
110
110
109
109
110
112
115
117
118
118
119
119
121
122
122
125
126
128
128
VEHICLKS
HP/
CID
.441
.427
.448
.451
.449
.451
.453
.485
.508
.523
.553
.579
.629
.629
.630
.633
.648
.657
.683
.689
.677
.728
.745
.766
.767

HP/
WT
.0351-
.0340
.0358
.0354
.0329
.0313
.0315
.0321
.0312
.0312
.0326
.0334
.0363
.0374
.0379
.0381
.0385
.0387
.0404
.0407
.0405
.0424
.0432
.0441
.0441

TON
-MPG
28.1
30.3
32.4
31.8
31.8
36.8
38.4
39.3
39.6
38.9
39.2
40.1
40.5
41.2
41.5
42.1
42.5
42.8
43.1
43.5
43.5
44.7
45.4
44.7
45.1
PERCENT OF DOMESTIC TRUCKS:
MODEL
I YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
i
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAlN
FRONT 4WD
19.3
25.2
26.7
31.7
17.6
27.1
.1 19.0
18.2
26.1
5.7 33.0
8.2 30.7
7.6 29.9
9.4 29.8
10.8 30.6
11.8 29.8

18.8 26.8
12.0 32.6
15.6 29.5
14.6 28.3
13.9 33.4
17.9 38.4
20.5 36.5
13.1 41.9
19.0 42.8
16.8 45.6
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
31.1
30.1
25.3
25.5
25.6 2.4
36.8 35.4
35.6 43.2
31.2 43.6
33.8 45.8
30.1 43.0
26.5 49.7
25.4 55.5
26.0 56.2
25.9 61.7
24.2 64.2

19.0 76.1
24.0 74.6
20.6 78.5
17.7 81.5
18.5 80.3
16.5 82.9
12.6 86.9
13.3 86.5
10.4 89.6
10.5 89.5




























FUEL
FI










9.5
44.6
79.2
96.0
98.5

98.7
99.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING



TBI PORT CARB DSL










.2
100.
100.
100.
99.
97.
95.
98.
93.
95.
98.
89.
19.8 24.8 54.
38.6 40.6 20.
50.7 45.3 3.
52.8 45.7 1.


48.6 50.1 ' 1.
51.0 48.7
0
0
0
1
9 2
9 4
4 1
3 6
9 4
1 1
6
8
6
8
3

1
1
36.8 63.1



.9
.1
.1
.6
.7
.1
.9
.9
.6
.3
.2
.2

.2
.2
.1
FOUR
VALVE



















30.1 69.9
26.8 73.2
24.1 75.9
99.9
.1
100.0
100.0
10
3.0


.7
.7
.7
.7
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.7
3.8
4.3
3.3
3.0
3.0
5.9
3.6
4.4
5.2
5.1
4.2

3.5
2.4
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.2

4.9
1.7
1.3
MID LARGE
24.1 73.2
20.0 77.8
20.3 77.5
22.8 74.5
19.1 77.1
17.8 77.9
16.6 80.1
34.2 62.8
49.1 47.8
50.4 43.7
56.1 40.3
55.7 39.9
66.4 28.3
60.6 34.3
62.6 33.2

62.1 34.4
71.1 26.5
67.1 30.9
68.4 29.6
64.8 33.2
64.2 33.6
70.1 29.9
52.2 42.9
58.2 40.1
54.9 43.7
DOMESTIC
        TRUCKS
           D-4

-------
Table D-5
                                                   . Appendix D




                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999  LIGHT-DOTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                    IMPORTED TRUCKS
MODEL SALES FUEL ECONOMY
YEAR (000) FRAC CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
.1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
224 .113 18.6 26.9 21.6
238 .091 19.3 28.4 22.6
325 .115 21.8 30.9 25.1
358 .109 22.2 29.9 25.1
472 .153 20.3 28.0 23.1
570 .306 21.5 29.0 24.3
510 .280 24.2 32.5 S27.3
454 .237 24.1 32.0 27.1
495 .215 24.1 32.1 27.1
736 .220 23.7 31.2 26.6
730 .199 23.5 30.9 26.3
1293 .297 23.1 31.2 26.2
1145 .277 22.5 30.6 25.6
864 .189 21.9 29.3 24.7
801 .181 21.1 28.4 23.9
750 .197 20.6 28.0 23.4
822 .203 20.3 27.9 23.1
723 .178 20.1 27.7 22.9
825 .174 20.1 27.9 23.0
938 .171 19.5 27.0 22.3
1103 .192 19.2 26.7 22.0
804 .153 19.9 27.6 22.7
1037 .167 19.8 27.3 22.6
1142 .174 20.3 28.4 23.3
1276 .187 20.2 28.3 23.2
OF IMPORTED TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
83.5
82.1
83.2
6.5 88.6
20.1 88.1
4.6 20.3 89.8
6.5 22.8 92.8
7.1 26.1 92.2
6.2 24.6 90.2 .9
2.0 23.9 84.6 7.4
2.4 30.0 79.8 12.0
1.8 31.2 83.5 10.2
2.3 35.9 76.3 15.0
1.4 47.2 76.5 16.3
1.2 42.2 71.1 23.2
2.3 49.6 65.3 31.9
.8 45.8 58.5 39.0
4.7 40.1 58.4 39.5
17.3 35.2 49.8 48.2
12.9 51.0 49.7 47.6
17.1 50.5 37.6 60.6
18.1 40.3 32.4 64.3
16.3 47.8 26.8 71.1
19.0 48.5 30.1 67.0
19.1 52.5 23.8 74.6
WGHT
LB
2857
2879
2884
2903
2854
2839
2862
2932
2982
3043
3119
3132
3139
3211
3347
3448
3545
3540
3647
3708
3798
3715
3779
3813
3906

FUEL
FI
.5
.7
.7
.8
1.8
5.4
4.0
2.8
3.0
11.7
23.5
31.0
34.8
52.4
70.9
84.9
92.4
91.3
94.5
97.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
VOL
CU-FT


























ENGINE
CID
120
122
128
126
124
124
130
134
137
134
139
138
139
142
149
153
154
154
160
165
168
170
170
170
175

HP
89
91
92
89
84
86
84
87
92
91
100
99
99
105
113
123
125
125
134
139
146
154
155
162
171

0-60
TIME
14.8
14.6
14.3
14.7
15.0
14.7
15.2
15.2
14.6
14.9
14.1
14.2
14.2
13.9
13.6
13.0
13.2
13.1
12.8
12.6
12.4
11.6
11.8
11.4
11.1

TOP
SPD
105
105
106
104
103
104
103
103
105
104
107
106
106
108
110
113
112
112
114
116
117
121
120
123
125

METERING
TBI











16.2
20.5
17.7
24.3
9.0
12.5
12.8
4.5
5.8
3.6




PORT CARB DSL











14.
14.
34.
46.
75.
79.
78.
90.
92.
96.
100.
100.
100.
100.
99
99
99
99
98
92
80
79
90
84
75
8 68
4 64
7 47
6 29
8 15
9 7
5 8
0 5
0 2
4
0
0
0
0
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.6 2
.1 15
.5 17
.3 6
.6 3
.0 1
.1
.9
.6
.1
.1
.6
.7
.5
.2










.0
.9
.7
.8
.8
.6
.9
.2












HP/
CID
.752
.761
.741
.719
.688
.701
.650
.647
.672
.680
.719
.717
.718
.743
.756
.807
.811
.813
.836
.841
.871
.919
.922
.966
.992

FOUR
VALVE


















1.0
16.2
42.4
63.9
62.2
79.0
80.6
HP/
WT
.0313
.0318
.0323
.0309
.0297
.0306
.0294
.0298
.0307
.0299
.0321
.0317
.0317
.0327
.0337
.0359
.0353
.0353
.0366
.0373
.0384
.0415
.0409
.0425
.0437

TON
-MPG
31.1
33.2
37.0
37.2
33.7
35.1
39.9
40.6
41.0
40.9
41.4
41.1
40.3
39.7
40.1
40.5
41.2
40.8
42.0
41.5
41.9
42.3
42.7
44.5
45.4





























VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
75.0
77.0
79.5
78.3
78.5
82.9
74.4
79.3
66.0
67.4
82.0
68.7
58.0
57.5
58.0
53.7
46.7
49.0
40.9
46.8
35.3
42.6
35.2
35.2
36.0
MID LARGE
25.0
23.0
20.5
21.7
21.5
17.1
25.6
20.7
34.0
32.6
18.0
31.3
41.6
42.4
41.9
46.2
51.8
49.8
50.6
50.1
60.5
50.3
59.4
58.7
58.0












.4
.1


1.4
1.2
8.5
3.1
4.2
7.0
5.5
6.1
6.0
 D-5

-------

-------
                                                   Appendix E
Table E-l

 MODEL
 YEAR

  1978
  1979
  1980
  1981
                                      CHARACTERISTICS OF  1978  TO  1999 CARS
SALES
(000)

   47
   23
   17
    9
FRAC

.004
.002
.002
.001
 PERCENT OF M-3:
       FUEL ECONOMY
       CITY  HWY  55/45
                   WGHT
                    LB
                   VOL
                  CU-FT
                   ENGINE
                   CID  HP
19.2
19.3
18.8
18.8
27.7
26.8
25.0
25.9
22.3
22.1
21.1
21.4
3441 113.5
3584 111.7
3526 109.1
3500 103.7
219
224
228
229
100
102
111
115
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD

15.0 104
15.2 104
14.2 107
13.7 109
                                     HP/
                                     CID
                               HP/
                               WT
.459  .0291
.457  .0282
.484  .0312
.501  .0323
 MODEL    DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 YEAR     FRONT   4WD  MANUAL   LOCK

  1978                  100.0
  1979                  100.0
  1980                  100.0
  1981                  100.0
                             FUEL METERING
                             FI    TBI  PORT  CARB

                                             100.0
                                             100.0
                                             100.0
                                             100.0
                                            M-3 TRANS.

                                  TON  CU-FT  CU-FT-
                                 -MPG  -MPG  TON-MPG
38.3
39.7
37.4
37.5
2549   4350
2493   4446
2310   4074
2223   3890
                                                   FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
                                              DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE

                                                           39.4  60.6
                                                           42.9  57.1
                                                           40.2  59.8
                                                           67.3  32.7
                                                                       DESIGNED
                                                                       DOM   EUR  ASIA

                                                                     100.0
                                                                     100.0
                                                                     100.0
                                                                     100.0
                                                                                                               E-l

-------
Table E-2
                                                   App«ndix E




                                      CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
M-4 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
SALES
(000)
1129
1509
1733
1335
1074
542
668
444
489
344
487
315
194
143
107
78
52
18
20

FRAC
.101
.140
.183
.153
.137
.068
.063
.041
.044
.032
.045
.031
.022
.017
.013
.009
.006
.002
.003
FUEL
CITY
23.9
23.0
23.9
26.8
26.6
29.0
30.2
31.3
30.1
31.6
32.9
33.4
33.1
34.5
33.9
34.3
34.7
37.3
37.4
ECONOMY
HWY
34.4
33.6
35.4
39.2
39.8
41.9
43.8
45.4
43.2
43.0
44.0
45.9
45.1
45.8
46.0
45.7
46.7
51.1
51.2
55/45
!27.7
26.8
28.0
31.2
31.3
33.7
35.1
36.4
34.9
35.9
37.1
38.1
37.6
38.8
38.5
38.6
39.2
42.5
42.6
WGHT
LB
2567
2606
2582
2499
2556
2494
2505
2508
2535
2417
2354
2380
2462
2417
2376
2308
2250
2250
2250
VOL
CO- FT
88.4
89.9
93.9
99.0
94.7
98.6
93.6
98.5
95.5
94.4
96.4
98.0
97.1
97.2
96.4
96.2
95.0
90.0
90.0
ENGINE
CID
123 '
123
123
116
117
112
112
|
110
114
100
97
96
97
91 '
91
89
89
|
91 '.
91
HP
82
83
80
78
77
75
77
80
83
77
74
79
86
89
88
81
82
93
93
0-60
TIME
14.4
14.5
14.7
14.4
14.9
14.9
14.7
14.2
14.1
14.4
14.4
13.7
13.0
12.5
12.5
12.9
12.8
11.4
11.4
TOP
SPD
104
104
103
103
102
102
103
104
105
103
103
105
107
109
109
107
108
113
113
HP/
CID
.701
.696
.659
.691
.675
.682
.695
.733
.737
.769
.761
.824
.892
.975
.963
.911
.921
1.022
1.022
HP/
WT
.0315
.0312
.0306
.0312
.0298
.0297
.0305
.0318
.0323
.0313
.0311
.0330
.0349
.0369
.0371
.0354
.0364
.0413
.0413
TON
-MPG
36.3
35.4
36.6
39.5
40.5
42.6
44.5
46.1
45.0
44.1
44.1
45.7
46.5
47.0
45.7
44.5
44.1
47.8
47.9
CU-FT
-MPG
2591
2502
2706
3162
3042
3417
3405
3694
3470
3493
3661
3793
3680
3786
3715
3714
3728
3824
3830
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
bisi
3194
3452
3903
3834
4198
4186
4559
4333
4183
4272
4483
4528
4572
4409
4285
4194
4302
4309
 PERCENT OF M-4:
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996

-2
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
44.2
32.0
47.2
62.3
69.6
65.4
61.2

74.5
74.2
92.0
97.9
99.3
99.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0


4HD

2.5
2.6
3.4
3.7
7.8
5.5

.8
.9
1.0
.6
.3









TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
loo.o

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
I,

FUEL METERING
FI TBI
21.2
9.8
8.3
4.3
8.0 3.6
20.5 13.0
34.5 28.8

27.5 18.4
23.6 9.1
45.3 31.2
55.6 36.1
65.6 44.7
90.3 58.4
99.6 30.1
100.0 2.5
100.0 4.2
100.0
100.0
100.0


PORT
21.2
9.8
8.3
4.3
4.4
7.5
5.7

9.0
14.4
14.2
19.5
20.9
31.9
69.5
97.5
95.8
100.0
100.0
100.0


CARB
75.1
87.;5
83.9
88.8
88.5
76.0
61.8
i
72 .:1
76.4
54.7
44.4
34.4
9.7
.4







FOUR VEHICLE
DSL VALVE SMALL
3.7 95.3
2.7 ' 95.1
7.7 86.1
6.9 85.5
3.5 94.1
3.5 93.8
3.7 95.7

.4 94.9
.1 .2 97.4
1.5 98.8
4.4 99.6
7.6 99.6
17.6 99.6
41.2 100.0
20.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0


SIZE
MID LARGE
4.7
4.9
13.9
14.5
5.9
6.2
4.3

5.1
2.6
1.2
.4
.4
.4








DESIGNED
DOM
42.4
50.1
59.6
69.5
76.1
62.9
71.9

76.4
61.9
36.4
12.5
9.7
7.8








EUR
41.4
21.9
25.1
12.0
10.7
11.9
8.3

5.1
11.3
25.6
23.4
11.8
12.1
3.7
1.3






ASIA
16.2
28.0
15.3
18.5
13.1
25.2
19.8

is"! 6
26.8
37.9
64.1
78.5
So.i
96.3
98.7
100.0
100.0
loot o
100.0



-------
Table E-3
                                                  Appendix E




                                      CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
M-5 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1037
742
1173
1263
1210
1543
1908
2019
2239
2328
2116
1784
1528
1599
1299
1416
1322
1476
1127
1096
1090
1054

FRAC
.093
.069
.124
.145
.155
.193
.179
.187
.203
.217
.197
.178
.173
.188
.160
.167
.157
.157
.143
.131
.135
.134
FUEL
CITY
24.8
22.0
24.9
27.6
27.9
27.3
26.9
27.3
27.6
27.2
27.6
27.1
26.7
27.6
27.7
28.4
28.4
28.1
28.1
28.2
28.0
27.3
ECONOMY
HWY
35.7
33.0
36.6
39.3
40.0
40.3
39.8
40.7
40.6
40.3
40.8
40.4
39.4
40.6
41.2
42.1
42.5
42.7
42.8
42.9
42.6
41.6
55/45
28.7 -
25.9
29.1
31.8
32.3
31.9
31.5
32.1
32.2
31.9
32.3
31.8
31.2
32.3
32.5
33.3
33.4
33.2
33.2
33.3
33.1
32.3
WGHT
LB
2564
2633
2541
2488
2519
2583
2646
2629
2684
2719
2738
2786
2834
2796
2813
2771
2835
2869
2912
2897
2970
3012
VOL
CO- FT
86.2
82.6
86.7
87.2
89.8
93.3
94.3
93.7
96.0
95.5
96.8
98.0
95.9
95.7
96.7
97.1
97.7
99.2
100.1
98.7
100.9
99.9
ENGINE
CID
114
117
110
110
113
120
125
121
122
121
122
125
125
121
121
120
123
125
128
125
130
132
HP
84
85
80
79
81
87
94
95
97
99
103
108
118
117
121
'117
119
126
130
129
134
139
0-60
TIME
14.1
14.3
14.4
14.4
14.3
13.9
13.4
13.1
13.2
13.2
12.8
12.4
11.8
11.9
11.6
11.8
11.7
11.3
11.1
11.1
11.0
10.8
TOP
SPD
105
105
104
103
104
106
108
109
109
110
111
113
116
116
118
117
117
119
120
120
121
123
HP/
CID
.753
.724
.726
.710
.710
.732
.757
.791
.805
.821
.852
.883
.967
.974
1.009
.978
.986
1.026
1.029
1.049
1.046
1.065
HP/
WT
.'0326
.0317
.0313
.0313
.0317
.0330
.0348
.0357
.0356
.0357
.0369
.0381
.0409
.0407
.0422
.0414
.0413
.0432
.0440
.0441
.0445
.0456
TON
-MPG
37.6
34.8
37.5
40.1
41.4
42.0
42.5
42.8
43.9
43.8
44.8
44.8
44.7
45.7
46.4
46.8
48.0
48.3
48.9
48.8
49.8
49.3
CD- FT
-MPG
2586
2258
2627
2870
3025
3131
3106
3136
3213
3146
3240
3218
3083
3200
3268
3357
3387
3407
3425
3380
3431
3319"-
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
3247
2896
3274
3513
3744
3957
4032
4033
4218
4193
4341
4396
4294
4384
4496
4557
4709
4798
4906
4832
5033
4942
 PERCENT OF M-5:
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
20.5
33.8
39.2
49.8
56.1
66.4
69.6
70.3
78.6
79.2
83.0
83.2
83.5
84.3
85.1
89.3
88.3
86.1
86.6
86.3
86.3
84.5
4WD




.2
6.1
1.4
5.8
3.6
3.4
3.1
3.2
2.6
3.1
3.4
2.3
1.4
2.2
3.1
3.5
3.9
3.8
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL
FI
5.8
16.3
19.5
20.2
20.2
32.0
39.9
42.4
57.7
61.9
74.0
83.3
97.9.
99.5
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.6
99.7
98.3
98.2
METERING
TBI





7.0
8.9
9.3
12.0
16.3
25.3
24.3
20.9
23.6
13.5
13.7
9.4
2.9
3.3
1.6
1.5
.3
PORT
5.8
16.3
19.5
20.2
20.2
25.0
31.0
33.2
45.7
45.6
48.7
59.0
77.0
75.9
86.4
86.3
90.6
97.1
96.3
98.1
96.8
97.9
CARB
94.2
81.7
78.1
74.5
74.9
67.3
56.9
55.6
41.2
37.9
26.0
16.4
2.0
.2
.1







DSL

2.0
2.4
5.3
4.9
.8
3.2
2.0
1.1
.2

.2
.1
.3
.1



.4
.3
1.7
1.8
FOUR
VALVE








5.6
11.0
19.1
22.9
47.5
51.6
55.0
53.0
59.6
66.5
66.6
66.2
68.3
64.5
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
99.8
99.9
99.3
100.0
100.0
99.3
99.2
98.4
96.4
97.8
95.5
92.1
93.7
94.7
95.0
95.7
96.6
93.9
89.0
92.3
83.9
85.8
MID
.2
.1
.7


.7
.8
1.6
3.2
1.9
4.2
7.7
6.1
5.0
4.7
4.0
3.2
5.9
10.9
7.3
16.1
14.2
LARGE








.4
.3
.3
.2
.1
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.4


DESIGNED
DOM
8.7
1.4
.5
1.8
2.4
23.1
32.8
25.9
25.8
25.4
28.1
27.6
19.0
20.9
22.0
28.7
22.5
33.5
33.0
31.2
34.6
33.7
EUR
5.5
14.6
15.6
15.9
15.5
11.1
14.0
14.2
12.9
11.8
7.7
7.6
6.8
6.9
7.3
5.0
5.7
9.2
11.2
13.9
14.2
22.8
ASIA
85.8
84.0
83.9
82.3
82.1
65.8
53.2
60.0
61.3
62.8
64.2
64.7
74.2
72.2
70.6
66.3
71.8
57.2
55.8
54.8
51.2
43.5
                                                                                                            E-3

-------


Table E-4

MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1989 4 .000
1990 7 .001
1991 6 .001
1992 6 .001
1993 14 .002
1994 27 .003
1995 35 .004
1996 27 .003
1997 27 .003
1998 23 .003
1999 28 .004

PERCENT OF M-6:
MODEL DRIVETRAIN
YEAR FRONT 4WD
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993 6.4
1994 12.1
1995 6.0 1.5
1996 13.3
1997 .9 10.5
1998 4.3
1999 8.2


>4
i
Appendix &
CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
i'
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID' HP TIME SPD CI
L ' '
18.2 32.6 '22.7 3500 50.0 350 240 7.7 154 .68
I i
17.9 31.6 '22.3 3503 50.0 350! 302 6.6 177 .86
17.6 31.3 21.9 3583 53.3 346 296 6.8 173 .85
18.3 31.8 '22.7 3531 52. 8 338' 303 6.5 177 .91
18.5 31.8 22-.S 3540 73.4 332 284 6.9 169 .89
18.5 32.7 23.0 3607 79.5 324 276 7.2 165 .93
18.2 32.4 22.6 3637 79.2 310 269 7.3 162 .93
17.5 31.7 21.9 3623 73.2 323 291 6.9 170 .95
17.9 31.8 22.3 3683 79.5 308 320 6.5 179 1.09
18.1 32.5 22.6 3641 72.2 338 332 6.3 185 1.01
19.2 33.2 23.7 3632 77.1 300 305 6.7 175 1.06
f
1
"
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING FOUR VEHICLE
MANUAL LOCK' FI TBI PORT CARS DSL VALVE SMALL
i : " *
.: :
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100. 0 37.2 100.0
100.0 100.0 100. 0 30.8 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 16.2 100.0
100.0 100.0 100. 0 11.4 100.0
100.0 100.0 100. 0 20.3 100.0
,
ll
100.0 100.0 100.0 15.9 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 2.6 100.0
100.0 100.0 100. d 17.6 100.0
100.0 loo.o 100. d 11.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100. 0 37.5 100.0
1, '
I1
1
1
1 1
; • i • .. .
i
1 i


M.-£ TRANS

/ HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FT-
D WT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG
5 .0685 39.8 1136 1986
4 .0861 39.0 1113 1949
6 .0826 39.3 1158 2088
4 .0856 40.1 11-95 12115
6 .0800 40.4 1685 2989
2 .0763 41.6 1846 '3344
3 .0737 41.4 1814 3306
4 .0805 40.1 1632 2989
6 .0870 42.0 1835 3415
2 .0914 41.9 1677 3091
7 .0837 43.7 1863 3431
!'

SIZE DESIGNED
MID LARGE DOM EUR ASIA
100.0
100.0
92.1 7.9
87.8 12.2
83.1 5.5 il.4
76.8 4.5- 18.7
67.0 24.0 9.0
73.1 24.2 2.6
59.8 32.5 '7.7
79.5 16.5 4.0
61.4 33.0 5.6




-------
Table E-5
                                     CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
                                                                                                     A-3 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
8125
7462
4814
3027
1251
1158
1667
1798
1742
1498
892
815
535
368
394
351
262
67
71
49
196
14
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.727
.691
.510
.347
.160
.145
.156
.167
.158
.140
.083
.081
.061
.043
.049
.042
.031
.007
.009
.006
.024
.002
CITY
16.2
16.7
19.5
21.4
24.7
25.1
24.9
25.4
25.3
24.7
25.2
25.3
25.4
23.9
25.6
25.8
26.6
32.8
32.7
33.2
26.5
33.4
HWY
22.9
22.8
27.1
29.4
33.1
33.2
34.0
34.5
34.5
34.3
34.7
34.6
34.6
33.0
35.7
35.9
37.1
43.1
43.1
43.7
38.2
44.1
55/45
18.6
19.0
22.3
24.4
27.9
28.2
28.3
28.8
28.8
28.2
28.7
28.8
28.8
27.3
29.3
29.5
30.5
36.8
36.7
37.2
30.7
37.5
WGHT
LB
3818
3729
3215
2958
2679
2749
2741
2764
2778
2763
2792
2818
2869
2834
2799
2819
2745
2358
2322
2250
2911
2250
VOL
CU-FT
114.4
115.0
107.8
106.5
101.1
106.1
106.0
105.3
105.5
105.1
103.4
102.8
101.6
99.5
99.2
100.6
100.3
99.8
99.9
90.5
98.6
87.8
ENGINE
CID
283
269
203
165
124
130
128
129
129
130
125
126
128
124
126
128
121
84
94
79
127
79
HP
133
129
106
95
84
85
88
99
97
97
98
97
98
96
98
96
91
79
77
70
115
79
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
13.6 113
13.7 112
14.1 108
14.4 106
14.8 104
14.8 104
14.4 105
13.3 109
13.6 109
13.6 109
13.5 109
13.7 108
13.7 108
13.9 107
13.7 108
13.8 108
14.0 106
13.8 105
14.0 104
14.6 102
12.1 114
13.2 106
HP/
CID
.493
.501
.562
.621
.684
.670
.691
.769
.756
.752
.795
.774
.774
.784
.797
.767
.781
.945
.818
.886
.902
1.000
HP/
WT
.0347
.0342
.0327
.0321
.0310
.0308
.0320
.0355
.0347
.0349
.0350
.0341
.0340
.0333
.0345
.0338
.0331
.0335
.0329
.0311
.0392
.0351
TON
-MPG
35.6
35.5
35.9
36.1
37.5
39.0
38.9
40.0
40.1
39.2
40.3
40.7
41.5
39.0
41.2
41.8
42.1
43.4
42.6
41.8
44.7
42.2
CD- FT
-MPG
2166
2212
2437
2629
2862
3045
3030
3072
3078
3006
3022
3019
2977
2788
2969
3017
3137
3675
3666
3367
3040
3294-
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4097
4098
3893
3851
3809
4144
4124
4211
4231
4118
4165
4183
4221
3872
4084
4202
4219
4328
4253
3787
4410
3706
 PERCENT OF A-3:
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT
3.9
5.6
29.3
56.9
76.5
76.1
94.0
92.8
92.0
96.0
96.9
95.9
97.9
97.8
97.8
99.4
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4WD MANUAL LOCK


.8


5.6
.4
1.1
1.8
2.4
1.7
2.8
1.0
1.2
1.6
.6
.3





FUEL METERING
FI
3.2
3.0
4.8
11.0
9.0
14.1
25.3
52.9
65.3
79.0
91.6
95.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TBI


.9
5.1
.1
7.1
12.2
34.9
42.7
56.9
37.3
30.3
26.4
20.4
22.6
14.6
17.2
56.6
69.2
100.0


PORT
3.2
3.0
3.9
5.9
8.9
7.0
13.1
18.0
22.6
22.2
54.3
64.8
73.6
79.6
77.4
85.4
82.8
43.4
30.8

100.0
100.0
CARB
96.3
95.1
92.9
87.1
89.3
84.9
74.3
47.0
34.7
21.0
8.4
4.9










DSL
.5
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.8
1.0
.4
.1














FOUR
VALVE








.4
.6
1.1
2.3
1.1
1.9
9.3
1.3
.8



11.8
100.0
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
31.2
31.4
43.9
51.2
67.8
54.9
66.7
65.1
65.6
70.9
90.7
91.6
96.6
99.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
MID
40.6
38.5
43.9
45.6
32.2
45.0
33.2
34.9
34.3
29.1
9.3
8.4
3.4
.4








LARGE
28.2
30.2
12.2
3.2
.1
.1
.1

.1













DESIGNED
DOM
93.4
94.1
85.5
81.3
57.7
73.4
84.1
83.7
76.4
81.9
71.8
73.8
78.4
65.6
67.2
73.9
69.3



88.2

EUR
1.9
1.7
2.9
3.8
8.6
7.2
9.0
8.2
8.7
7.8
10.3
9.0
10.3
9.7
6.2
1.7
.8





ASIA
4.6
4.2
11.7
14.8
33.8
19.5
6.9
8.1
14.9
10.4
17.9
17.3
11.3
24.7
26.6
24.4
30.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.8
100.0
                                                                                                            E-5

-------
                                                   Appendix E
 table E-6
                                      CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
                                                                                                      A-4 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
42
57
57
135
230
183
206
200
154
181
142
147
117
131
100
83
64
91
44
1
1
7

FRAC
.004
.005
.006
.016
.029
.023
.019
.019
.014
.017
.013
.015
.013
.015
.012
.010
.008
.010
.006
.000
.000
.001
FUEL
CITY
19.6
20.5
22.5
23.2
21.3
24.1
22.4
22.0
20.0
20.3
19.7
19.5
19.7
19.9
19.6
20.2
20.1
21.0
22.8
18.6
19.0
24.3
ECONOMY
HWY
25.6
26.5
27.6
30.6
29.6
31.8
30.5
29.2
27.1
27.7
27.2
27.4
27.9
28.7
28.8
29.7
30.2
31.6
35-.0
30.5
31.7
40.1
55/45
22.0
22.8
24.5
26.0
24.4
27.1
25.4
24.7
22.6
23.1
22.5
22.4
22.7
23.1
22.9
23.6
23.7
24.7
27.1
22.6
23.2
29.6
WGHT
LB
3589
3567
3477
3277
3456
3325
3376
3408
3514
3519
3504
3546
3652
3662
3757
3853
3934
3995
3720
3500
3500
3006
VOL
CU-FT
102.4
100.6
101.0
94.6
107.6
99.1
99.5
100.5
105.6
105.9
104.6
106.6
110.1
106.2
107.3
109.5
105.9
103.8
104.4
59.9
94.8
105.5
ENGINE
CID
167
168
169
165
194
156
166
168
191
190
188
184
175
177
182
186
200
202
171
220
1-76
114
HP
105
;io2
95
105
114
112
127
129
158
161
161
163
160
167
181
186
219
217
172
270
237
' 119
0-60
TIME
15.8
16.2
16.6
14.6
14.0
13.9
12.8
12.6
11.3
11.0
11.0
10.9
11.5
11.1
10.9
10.9
9.4
9.7
10.9
7.0
7.9
12.1
TOP
SPD
105
104
103
107
109
109
115
115
124
125
125
125
123
126
129
130
140
138
127
165
153
115
HP/
CID
.632
.609
.568
.635
.623
.723
.775
.790
.852
.871
.886
.912
.926
.970
.985
.990
1.102
1.079
1.007
1.226
1.361
1.042
HP/
WT
.0296
.0290
.0278
.0321
.0331
.0337
.0376
.0379
.0442
.0452
.0454
.0454
.0433
.0451
.0471
.0472
.0548
.0536
.0459
.0766
.0673
.0394
TON
-MPG
40.5
42.0
43.4
43.1
42.7
45.6
43.6
42.7
40.3
41.3
39.7
40.0
41.6
42.6
43.3
45.6
46.7
50.0
50.9
39.5
40.7
44.3
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2306
2361
2511
2514
2650
2743
2592
2547
2484
2538
2422
2441
2533
2502
2514
2620
2546
2639
2861
1351
2229
312?-
4140
4278
4438
4124
4596
4556
4368
4308
4304
4422
4184
4287
4583
4533
4654
4996
4951
5210
5332
2364
3900
4684
  PERCENT OF A-4:
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI
15.1
23.5
39.8


10.




5.
4.
7.
11.
10.
10.
2.



54.
100.


1 4.2




9
0
5 .4
3 5.1
4 5.0
8 .9
3



5
0
32.1
57.1
59.5
80.0
82.3
95.8
87.1
99.5
99.8
98.3
95.4
96.0
100.0
100.0
94.3
94.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT CARS
15. l' 36.6
23.5 20.3
39.8
32
24.5 32
59
80
82
95
87
99
99
98
95
96
100
100
94
94
100
100
100
.1 41.4
.7 23.5
.5 13.6
.0
.3
.8
.1 '
.5
.8
.3'
.4
.0
.0
.0
.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
DSL
48.3
56.1
60.2
26.5
19.4
27.5
20.0
17.7
4.2
12.9
.5
.2
1.7
4.6
4.0


5.7
6.0



FOUR
VALVE





.5
1.1
.8
3.1
4.5
13.8
12.6
62.8
83.8
98.8
98.2

54.5
96.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
100.0
95.6 4.4
94.4 5.6
96.9
70.1
85.6
82.5
70.5
57.3
57.3
64.2
64.0
55.4
60.1
62.8
59.4
70.3
81.4
56.8
100.0
45.5
78.2
3.1
5.4
14.4
17.5
29.5
42.7
42.7
35.8
36.0
44.6
39.9
26.8
27.6
19.5
8.1
43.2


21.8
DESIGNED
LARGE DOM EUR
64.7
62.6
63.6
35.8
24.5 24.5 36.6
65.7
79.7
80.9
1.6 96.3
99.9
94.1
96.0
92.5
84.5
10.4 86.8
12.9 89.1
10.2 97.7
10.5 100.0
100.0
100.0
54.5 100.0

ASIA
35.3
37.4
36.4
64.2
38.9
34.3
20.3
19.1
2.0
.1
5.9
4.0
7.5
15.5
13.2
10.9
2.3




100.0
B-6

-------
Table E-7
                                                   Appendix E




                                      CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CABS
                                                                                                       A-5 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
2
3
6
6
5
13
9
1
1
3
OF A-5:
FEEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000

DRIVETRAIN
FRONT










4WD









13.9
CITY
18.1
18.2
17.0
16.7
18.8
19.1
19.1
18.4
18.4
18.3

HWY
28.1
29.2
25.9
25.2
30.9
31.2
31.2
30.6
30.6
31.1

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL










LOCK










55/45
21.5
21.9
20.1
19.7
22.8
23.1
23.1
22.4
22.4
22.5

FUEL
FI
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
WGHT
LB
4000
4000
4372
4941
4853
4500
4500
3000
3000
3211

VOL
CU-FT
50.0
50.0
104.8
114.6
102.1
109.6
105.4
50.0
50.0
60.6

ENGINE
CID
181
181
191
193
195
195
195
151
151
175

HP
228
228
228
228
217
217
217
201
201
241

METERING
TBI










PORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
GARB





















0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
9.0 143
9.0 143
9.6 138
10.6 133
10.9 130
10.2 134
10.2 134
7.9 148
7.9 148
7.3 159

FOUR
DSL VALVE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
HP/
CID
1.259 .
1.260 .
1.192 .
1.180 .
1.112 .
1.113 .
1.113 .
1.331 .
1.331 .
1.373 .

HP/
WT
0569
0567
0522
0460
0446
0481
0480
0669
0667
0742

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
100.0
100.0
25.6
11.8
29.3
21.0
27.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
LARGE


74.4
88.2
70.7
79.0
72.8



TON
-MPG
43.1
43.8
43.9
48.6
55.3
52.0
52.1
33.6
33.6
36.1

CU-FT
-MPG
1077
1094
2078
2240
2320
2535
2437
1121
1121
1362

CU-FT-
TON-MPG
2154
2188
4605
5568
5715
5703
5484
1681
1681
2223

DESIGNED
DOM










EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100. g-
100.0
100.0
ASIA










                                                                                                              E-7

-------
Table E-8

 MODEL
 YEAR

   1998
   1999
SALES
(000)  FRAG

    0  .000
    0  .000
  PERCENT OF A-6:
                                                    Appondax S

                                       CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY  HWY  55/45

11.0  18.0  13.3
11.0  18.0  13.3
WGHT  VOL   ENGINE     0-60 TOP      HP/   HP/
 LB  CU-FT  CID  HP    TIME SPD      CID   WT

3500  50.0  213  375    5.4 203    1.755  .1032   23.3
3500  50.0  213  375    5.4 203    1.759  .1045   23.3
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1998
   1999
 DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 FRONT  4K)  MANUAL  LOCK
               FUEL METERING
               FI    TBI  PORT'  CARS
           A-6 TRANS.

 TON  CU-FT  CU-FT-
-MPG  -MPG  TON-MPG
        666
        666
1166
1166
                           100.0
                           100.0
                         100.0
                         100.0
                         FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
                    DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE

                                100.0
                                100.0
  DESIGNED
  DOM   EUR  ASIA
      100.0
      100.0
E-8

-------
Table E-9
                                                  Appendix B




                                     CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
                                                                                                      L-3 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
749
869
1339
2261
3031
2832
3927
3203
2990
2679
3027
2467
1980
1765
1634
1421
899
893
671
611
255
380

FRAC
.067
.080
.142
.259
.388
.354
.368
.297
.271
.250
.282
.246
.225
.207
.202
.168
.107
.095
.085
.073
.032
.048
FUEL
CITY
14.7
16.0
17.1
19.3
20.8
20.9
21.8
22.9
23.7
25.0
25.6
25.7
25.4
24.8
24.1
24.0
25.8
26.8
27.3
27.2
27.5
26.6
ECONOMY
HWY
21.6
22.9
24.9
27.9
30.8
30.8
32.1
33.9
34.9
36.4
37 ..3
37.7
37.6
37.1
36.7
36.8
38.0
39.4
39.4
38.5
41.8
39.0
55/45
17.2
18.5
19.9
22.4
24.4
24.4
25.5
26.8
27.7
29.1
29.8
30.0
29.7
29.1
28.5
28.4
30.2
31.3
31.6
31.3
32.5
31.0
WGHT
LB
4133
3821
3759
3641
3265
3235
3184
3104
3022
2925
2866
2865
2913
2918
3003
3020
2901
2843
2826
2817
2743
2860
VOL
CU-FT
114.8
116.0
117.5
115.3
111.6
112.1
111.1
109.6
107.5
107.0
105.8
104.8
104.1
104.1
104.0
105.0
102.2
103.1
101.6
99.8
101.4
100.4
ENGINE
CID
311
301
270
253
204
202
190
179
167
151
140
138
139
144
151
158
132
124
120
116
117
124
HP
146
142
120
115
105
108
106
104
100
99
101
105
111
114
123
125
110
121
122
114
129
123
0-60
TIME
13.3
12.8
14.5
14.6
14.4
14.0
14.0
13.9
14.0
13.9
13.5
13.1
12.7
12.4
11.9
11.8
12.5
11.5
11.5
12.0
10.5
11.2
TOP
SPD
114
116
109
108
107
108
108
108
108
108
109
111
113
114
117
118
113
118
119
115
123
119
HP/
CID
.471
.472
.449
.466
.549
.563
.594
.611
.633
.684
.736
.775
.814
.806
.833
.808
.852
.982
1.020
.988
1.100
1.001
HP/
WT
.0352
.0373
.0321
.0316
.0322
.0331
.0332
.0333
.0330
.0335
.0350
.0365
.0378
.0388
.0408
.0414
.0380
.0426
.0431
.0405
.0469
.0432
TON
-MPG
35.6
35.5
37.8
41.2
40.1
39.7
40.7
41.7
41.9
42.6
42.8
43.0
43.3
42.6
42.8
43.0
43.8
44 . 5
44.7
44.1
44.7
44.5
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
1994
2161
2369
2621
2764
2780
2868
2983
3015
3143
3179
3155
3102
3041
2976
2997
3094
3233
3221
3127
3306
313(7-
4088
4115
4487
4790
4497
4457
4522
4585
4518
4568
4538
4511
4512
4431
4458
4517
4482
4592
4546
4403
4534
4464
 PERCENT OF L-3:
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT


2.0

33.0
41.4
51.2
59.5
72.1
88.4
97.7
99.2
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4WD MANUAL LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7 100.0
.7 100.0
1.3 100.0
1.0 100.0
1.3 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.1 100.0
.1 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL
FI



.3
17.7
22.8
37.5
56.2
71.5
70.6
84.1
88.1
98.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI



.3
15.7
21.8
31.0
49.2
61.8
56.2
58.8
60.3
56.0
56.8
20.8
19.6
21.7
3.1




PORT




2.0
1.0
6.5
7.0
9.7
14.4
25.3
27.8
42.1
43.2
79.2
80.4
78.3
96.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB
100.0
100.0
91.7
87.8
77.1
75.8
61.8
43.7
28.5
29.4
15.9
11.9
1.9









FOUR
DSL VALVE


8.3
11.9
5.2
1.4
.7
.1

1.0
6.4
11.5
19.4
14.1
16.9
6.9
13.3
59.3
52.9
60.8
100.0
53.9
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
32.3

16.0
15.6
36.5
33.9
38.4
44.4
56.7
56.3
71.4
69.1
69.6
66.6
71.7
72.4
83.5
92.6
98.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
MID
60.9
84.3
59.7
67.6
56.7
57.7
53.8
54.2
42.1
43.0
28.6
30.9
30.4
33.4
28.3
27.6
16.5
7.4
1.8



LARGE
6.8
15.7
24.3
16.9
6.8
8.4
7.8
1.3
1.2
.8












DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.8
96.3
93.1
93.2
88.8
87.4
76.8
77.5
78.8
74.6
79.6
80.0
89.8
79.9
80.4
72.5
62.6
69.6
77.5
EUR ASIA



3.2
3.7
6.9
6.8
11.2
12.6
23.2
22.5
21.2
25.4
20.4
20.0
10.2
20.1
19.6
27.5
37.4
30.4
22.5
                                                                                                             E-9

-------
                                                   Appendix
Table E-10
                                      CHARACTERISTICS Off 1978 TO 1999 CARS
                                                                                                       L-4 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
219
650
986
1708
2295
3127
3400
3702
4069
4475
4441
4503
4559
5077
5748
6772
5896
6405
6250
6066

FRAC
.023
.074
.126
.213
.215
.290
.309
.345
.379
.447
.504
.528
.562
.600
.684
.721
.747
.767
.774
.770
FUEL
CITY
16.1
16.4
16.8
17.8
18.3
19.3
20.7
21.0
21.4
21.3
21.4
21.9
21.5
22.4
22.1
22.4
22.5
22.8
23.1
22.8
ECONOMY'
HWY
25.6
26.3
26.8
28.3
28.9
30.7
33.5
33.7
34.4
34.4
34.5
35.0
35.0
35.9
35.7
36.5
36.5
37.0
37.6
36.8
55/45
19.3
19.8
20.2
21.4
21.9
23.1
25.0
25.3
25.8
J25.7
25.8
26.4
26.1
26.9
26.7
27.2
27.2
27.6
28.0
27.5
WGHT
LB
3975
4001
4016
3823
3736
3633
3478
3445
3464
3442
3466
3407
34 '
3-
3
33.
3408
3372
3374
3453
VOL
CU-FT
128.1
132.8
128.3
123.3
118.3
119.4
117.2
115.1
115.4
114.9
113.4
112.9
114.5
.13.3
12.2
111.9
111.9
111.5
111.1
112.4
ENGINE
CID
321
297
288
267
261
j
247
223
212
210
202
|
'193
189
195
184
185
181
178
174
171
176
HP
' 140
140
141
134
'• 134
137
138
138
141
141
144
148
; 156
150
154
1 161
162
163
163
168
0-60
TIME
13.1
13.3
13.4
13.3
13.1
12.7
12.2
12.1
11.9
11.9
11.7
11.4
11.2
ll.3
11.1
10.7
10.6
10.6
10.5
10.5
TOP
SPD
114
114
114
113
114
116
117
118
119
119
120
122
124
122
124
126
127
127
128
129
HP/
CID
.438
.471
.495
.523
.542
.583
.652
.693
.714
.741
.790
.823
.84'
.8'
.8-
.91
.937
.957
.976
.982
HP/
WT
.0355
.0350
.0352
.0352
.0359
.0377
.0395
.0399
.0405
.0410
.0416
.0430
.0442
.0436
.0446
.0468
.0471
.0477
.0478
.0483
TON
-MPG
38.3
39.6
40.8
41.0
41.0
42.1
43.5
43.6
44.7
44.3
44.8
44.9
45.5
45.9
45.7
46.2
46.3
46.6
47.3
47.6
CU-FT
-MPG
2472
2626
2602
2654
2614
2785
2946
2927
2991
2966
2943
3000
3004
3079
3020
3066
3061
3099
3132
3119
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4934
5269
5255
5067
4 §'81
5049
5116
5032
5176
5105
5090
5088
5226
5214
5136
5' 171
5191
5197
5260
5355
 PERCENT OF L-4:
MODEL
YEAR
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

,„
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4W0 MANUAL LOCK
100.0

14.8
17.5
18.2
42.4
57.3
62.2
66.4
72.0
78.2
76.9
72.5
80.2
31.6
80.5
86.3
87.5
90.1
88.2






1.3


.1
.3
.8
1.2
.7
1,3
.6
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.7


100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 '
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0


FUEL
FI
8.9
10.4
22.0
43.6
50.2
59.9
69.0
81.2
89.6
95.0
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0


METERING
TBI PORT CARS
i
1
8.9 91.1
10.4
19.7
37.0
35.8
31.5
6.7
11.6
9.7
10.8
4.0
8.1
5.2
3.7
1.0







89.6
2.3 73.4
6.6 54.5
14.5 49.0
]'
28.5 39.6
62.3 30.9
69.6 18.8
79.9 10.4
84.2 5.0
95.2 .8
91.9
94.8
96.3
99.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
i
i
i
'.
FOUR
DSL VALVE

4.6
1.9
.8
.5
.1 1.2
8.2
12.0
12.2
24.8
27.6
29.4
36.5
39.6
47.6
54.9
55.5
.1 56.9
60.4


VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
31.7

4.8
24.6
35.0
27.9
29.1
41.2
34.2
29.5
35.1
43.3
35.2
38.6
43.3
43.8
41.9
44.1
38.5
34.6


10.1
22.6
18.6
16.8
20.5
31.4
24.2
32.1
40.4
39.7
33.6
37.4
39.7
34.5
37.1
40.2
37.7
47.7
46.2


LARGE
68.3
89.9
72.5
56.8
48.2
51.6
39.5
34.5
33.7
30.1
25.3
23.1
27.4
21.7
22.3
19.1
17.9
18.2
13.8
19.1


DESIGNED
DOM EUR
100.0
100.0
97.7
87.7
84.3
82.7
79.2
70.4
72.1
70.0
63.0
62.3
62.7
62.1
60.3
62.9
62.5
60.1
60.6
59.6




.1
.2
1.5
2.6
2.2
4.2
3.6
3.2
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.9
3.4
3.3
3.6
4.1
3.3


ASIA
V'
1

2.3
12.2
15.5
15.8
18.3
27.3
23.7
26.4
33.8
34.9
34.8
35.5
36.7
33.8
34.2
36.3
35.4
37.1



-------
Table E-ll
                                                   App«ndix K

                                      CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
         SALES
         (000)

              9
            22
MODEL
YEAR

 1993
 1994

 1995
 1996
 1997
 1998
 1999
 PERCENT OF L-5:
FRAC
       FUEL ECONOMY
       CITY  HWY  55/45
.001   17.0  28.2  20.7
.003   17.8  30.2  21.8
WGHT  VOL   ENGINE     0-60 TOP      HP/   HP/
 LB  CU-FT  CID  HP    TIME SPD      CID   WT

4249 116.2  243  280    8.0 156    1.152  .0660
4011 110.0  222  258    8.2 152    1.164  .0642
                                                                   L-5 TRANS.

                                                         TON  CU-FT  CD-FT-
                                                        -MPG  -MPG  TON-MPG
                                                        43.9
                                                        43.8
                                                   2402
                                                   2400
 MODEL
 YEAR

  1993
  1994

  1995
  1996
  1997
  1998
  1999
         DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
         FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK

                             100.0
                             100.0
                      FUEL METERING
                      FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
                    100.0
                    100.0
          16.2   11.4
          2.0    5.4
          8.4   10.0
          7.8   16.4
             100.0
             100.0
             100.0
             100.0
             100.0
100.0
100.0
 98.2
 98.7
                     98.7
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
 98.2
 98.7
 98.7
                              100.0
                              100.0
     100.0
56.8  43.2


1.8
1.3
1.3
98.0
67.8
93.7
64.8
50.8
38.5
43.7
38.4
38.4
40.6
61.5
9.6
42.7
51.3
54.0

46.7
19.0
10.3
5.4
                                                        100.0
                                                        100.0

                                                        100.0
                                                         90.4
                                                         99.9
                                                         79.3
                                                         85.2
                               5105
                               4810
29
26
150
259
319
.003
.003
.018
.032
.040
18.4
18.1
20.3
20.9
20.4
31.0
30.0
32.9
33.3
33.2
22.5
22.1
24.5
25.1
24.7
4301 110.8
4309 106.7
4027 107.3
3925 105.5
3944 106.0
233
245
217
204
205
271
258
236
234
239
8.3 152
8.8 148
' 9.0 144
8.9 145
8.7 147
1.167
1.054
1.097
1.159
1.182
.0629
.0590
.0581
.0591
.0603
48.5
47.5
49.5
49.5
48.9
2496
2370
2659
2671
2639
5378
5090
5327
5230
5192
                               FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE        DESIGNED
                          DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE   DOM   EUR  ASIA
                               9.6
                                .1
                              20.7
                              14.8
                                                                                                              E-ll

-------
 Table E-3.2
                                                     Appendix E

                                       CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 CARS
                                                                                                       OTHER TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

1986
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
45
131
91
51
37
36
3

0
12
4
5
1
1
1
7
2
3

FRAC
.004
.012
.010
.006
.005
.005
.000

.000
.001
.000
.001
.000
.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
FUEL
CITY
26.4
26.7
31.0
31.0
32.6
31.5
29.4

19.4
36.7
30.1
27.7
20.8
26.4
36.4
37.8
38.0
37.5
ECONOMY"
HWY
32.1
33.2
39.1
41.0
43.0
41.9
39.2

29.9
43.9
37.4
35.8
33.1
35.8
46.6
48.4
49.4
48.8
55/45
28.7
29.3
34.2
34.9
36.6
35.4
33.1
i
23.0
39.6
33.0
30.8
25.0
29.9
40.4
41.9
42.4
41.8
WGHT
LB
2151
2251
2132
2250
2200
2277
2545

2750
2250
2515
2621
3210
2718
2750
2750
2750
2750
VOL
CU-FT
85.7
86.0
88.4
87.8
87.8
89.2
93.5

50.0
88.6
83.6
80.8
68.8
78.7
97.1
99.5
97.1
97.1
ENGINE
CID
92
96
93
96
91
94
117

170
73
99
'113
164
117
97
97
97
97
HP
64
68
73
78
67
70
88

160
66
104
'121
199
,133
^115
115
115
115
0-60
TIME
14.7
14.6
13.2
13.1
14.4
14.3
13.4

8.8
15.3
13.1
12.4
9.3
12.0
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
TOP
SPD
100
101
105
106
101
102
107

136
100
113
118
142
121
117
117
117
117
HP/
CID
.698
.715
.789
.816
.740
.747
,756

.937
.904
1.022
1.034
1.184
1.080
1.185
1.185
1.185
1.185
HP/
WT
.0298
.0303
.0343
.0348
.0305
.0306
.0338

.0567
.0293
.0381
.0422
.0565
.0420
.0417
.0418
.0415
.0416
TON
-MPG
31.0>
33.7
36.8
39.2
40.3
40.5
42.1

31.7
44.5
42.2
41.1
40.5
41.2
55.5
57.7
58.3
57.5
CU-FT
-MPG
2474
2599
3040
3062
3217
3183
3109

1151
3508
2970
2747
1895
2603
3920
4172
4120
4062
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
2681
2912
3248
3445
3534
3608
3942-
i
1583
3947
3550
3354
2817
3267
5390
5737
5665
5586
  PERCENT OF OTHER:
  MODEL    DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
  YEAR     FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK

   1978   100.0
   1979   100.0

   1980   100.0
   1981   100.0
   1982   100.0
   1983   100.0
   1984   100.0
   1986
   1989
   1990
   1991
   1992
   1993
100.0
 25.3

 13.1
   1996   100.0
   1997   100.0
   1998   100.0
   1999   100.0
56.8
72.6
10.9
64.7
                             FUEL METERING
                             FI    TBI  PORT  CARS
                                                  i
                                             100.0
                                             100.0

                                             100.0
                                             100.0
                                             100.0
                                             100.0
                                        10.9  89.1
                                                   FOUR
                                              DSL  VALVE
 10.9

100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                           100.0
                           100.0
                           100.0
                           100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                                             100.0
 55.8
 14.8

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL   MID LARGE

100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                                                          DESIGNED
                                                          DOM   EUR  ASIA

                                                                    100.0
                                                                    100.0

                                                                    100.0
                                                                    100.0
                                                                    100.0
                                                                    100.0
                                                                    100.0
100.0

 17.9
 27.4
 76.0
 35.3
100.0
 82.1
 72.6
 24.0
 64.7

100.0
lod.o
100.0
100.0
E-12

-------
Table E-13
                                                  Appendix E




                                    CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 TR0CKS
M-3 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
SALES
(000)
353
316
250
172
144
104
184
184
127
70
75
28
15
23
3
OF M-3
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.114
.169
.138
.090
.063
.031
.050
.042
.031
.015
.017
.007
.004
.006
.001
:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT















4HD
29.3
32.4
25.5
33.8
41.9
22.9
55.3
52.2
56.7
51.5
57.6
68.6
63.5
91.0
56.4
CITY HWY 55/45
15.8 19.9
15.5 20.7
17.0 22.6
16.7 21.9
16.8 22.2
17.3 23.4
16.3 21.3
16.5 21.5
15.9 20.5
15.9 20.8
15.8 20.4
14.6 19.7
14.9 19.8
18.0 24.6
17.0 21.4

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.4
17.5
19.1
18.7
18.9
19.6
18.2
18.4
17.7
17.8
17.6
16.6
16.8
20.5
18.7

WGHT
LB
3975
4303
4150
4176
4290
4266
4369
4350
4482
4489
4581
4690
4657
3713
4555

ENGINE 0-60 TOP
CID
272
292
285
289
295
289
302
299
303
312
308
317
315
254
300

FUEL METERING
FI






5.6
18.3
93.4
97.4
99.4
98.8
98.3
100.0
100.0
TBI








23.6
44.2
26.0
58.2
55.8


PORT







18.3
69.8
53.2
73.4
40.6
42.5
100.0
100.0
HP TIME SPD
125 14.1 109
135 14.3 110
127 14.5 108
128 14.5 108
129 14.7 108
128 14.7 108
142 13.9 111
137 14.2 110
156 13.2 115
165 12.6 118
158 13.3 115
170 12.8 118
172 12.6 119
182 10.1 131
159 13.1 115

FOUR
CARB DSL VALVE
100.0
99.9 .1
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.9 1.1
93.9 .6
81.4 .3
6.4 .2
1.6 1.0
.6
1.2
1.7


HP/
CID
.464 .
.463 .
.450 .
.444 .
.437 .
.444 .
.470 .
.460 .
.513 .
.528 .
.512 .
.534 .
.544 .
.727 .
.527 .

HP/
WT
0318
0311
0304
0304
0298
0298
0322
0314
0345
0363
0340
0349
0346
0497
0327

TON
-MPG
34.9
37.9
39.9
39.3
40.7
42.0
40.2-
40.3
39.7
40.1
40.7
39.4
39.6
37.9
42.8

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
21.5












79.9

MID
11.7
10.6
7.9
8.7
8.9
7.3
7.8
6.3
5.6
3.9
3.6
2.9
3.6


LARGE
66.8
89.4
92.1
91.3
91.1
92.7
92.2
93.7
94.4
96.1
96.4
97.1
96.4
20.1
100.0


















DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                                                                                                           E-13

-------
Table S-14
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1932
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
19H
15 >2
15*3
1994
1995
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
SALES
(000)
608
472
436
392
491
592
405
338
307
114
60
54
5
61
24
17
11
OF M-4
1
!
Appendix E
CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 TRUCKS
I
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.197
.253
.239
.205
.213
.177
.110
.078
.074
.025
.gis
.014
.001
.015
.005
.003
.002

DRIVETRAIN
FRONT

4.4
4.1
4.0
.9
1.8
.8
.3








4WD
30.5
36.0
29.2
20.3
22.9
34.4
20.5
14.6
11.3
1.6
6.3
5l5
62.0
51.7
67.6
74.7
CITY HWY
15.4 20.2
19.6 26.6
20.6 28.4
21.4 29.7
22.1 30.5
19.7 27.0
22.1 30.8
22.6 31.3
22.1 30.8
23.4 30.2
22.8 29.5
22.9 30.2
17.6 24.6
16.7 25.0
15.2 22.0
15.1 21.4
15.1 22.0

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
55/45
17.1
22.2
23.5
24.5
25.2
22.4
25.3
25.8
25.3
26.0
25.4
25.7
20.2
19.7
17.7
17.4
17.6

FUEL
FI
1.1
5.3
3.2
2.3
2.2
2.7
21.6
37.7
65.3
43.9
22.7
42.3
83.5
99.4
100.0
100.0
WGHT
LB
3818
3173
3319
3271
3135
3469
3238
3268
3300
2977
3002
3053
4273
4097
4813
4946
4961

ENGINE
CID
231
168
198
188
168
194
177
182
183
147
157
155
242
268
313
326
331

HP
121
93
99
101
94
101
101
105
110
106
107
109i
140
168
190
198
199

METERING '
TBI







31.7
41.8
39.0
13.5
4.6
15.6
31.1
80.3
88.6
PORT







6.6
23.5
4.9
9.2
37.7
68.6
68.3
19.7
11. 4
CARS
98.7
91.9
92.8
90.9
94.8
95l8
77.8
61.8
34.5
56.0
77.3
57.7
16.3



0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
14.4 108
15.1 103
14.9 105
14.6 106
14.8 104
15.1 105
14.4 106
14.0 107
13.7 109
12.8 111
12.8 111
12.9 111
14.0 112
11.7 122
12.0 123
11.8 124
11.7 124

FOUR
DSL VALVE
.2
2.8
4.0
6.8
3.0
1.5
.6
.4
.2

.1

.1
.6


HP/
CID
.577 .
.608 .
.547 .
.578 .
.590 .
.562 .
.609 .
.615 .
.628 .
.722 .
.696 .
.719 .
.610 .
.630 .
.605 .
.608 .
.603 .

HP/
WT
0312
0292
0296
0309
0299
0293
0311
0322
0331
0357
0359
0361
0312
0410
0382
0390
0391

TON
-MPG
33.3
35.8
39.4
40.4
39.9
39.3
41.4
42.6
42.3
38.8
37.9
39.1
42.8
40.3
42.9
43.4
43.9

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
40.5
67.7
45.3
34.6
20.5
21.9
27.5
42.7
25.8
87.2
81.7
88.6
6.0



MID
13.5
12.5
18.4
40.0
65.9
49.6
50.4
32.3
51.6
11.7
10.8
4.2
33.3
61.5


LARGE
46.0
19.8
36.3
25.4
13.6
28.5
22.1
25.1
22.6
1.1
7.5
7.3
60.7
38.5
100.0
100.0




















M




















DESIGNED.
DOM
51.9
33.9
49.6
63.4
74.3
75.8
61.6
58.6
65.0
12.4
16.5
9.6
77.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
IMPORT
48.1
66.1
50.4
36.6
25.7
24.2
38.4
41.4
35.0
87.6
83.5
90.4
22.3



                                                                                                      M-4 TRANS.
   1995
                 68.9    100.0
100.Q  88.7   11.3
                                                                                     100.0 100.0
E-14

-------
Table E-15
                                                  Appendix E




                                    CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999  TRUCKS
M-5 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
124
200
254
309
421
712
773
1333
1214
1434
1314
991
1236
1026
1081
1291
1169
819
970
909
885
OF M-5;
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE 0-60
FRAC
.040
-.107
.139
.161
.183
.213
.211
.306
.294
.315
.296
.260
.305
.253
.227
.235
.203
.156
.156
.139
.130

DRIVETRAIN
FRONT

2.1
6.5
2.9
3.1
5.0
3.8
1.6
1.4
.9
.9
1.1
.1
1.3
1.0
.7
.1
.5
.9
2.5
.9
4WD

3.8
19.5
29.6
36.3
36.7
43.9
41.2
44.8
42.8
38.5
40.0
33.0
31.5
33.7
34.5
36.4
28.0
34.2
35.8
38.0
CITY
19.5
22.2
25.3
24.3
23.0
22.8
22.3
22.4
22.3
21.2
20.4
20.4
20.8
20.3
20.5
20.6
20.2
21.0
21.1
20.7
20.8

HWY 55/45 LB CID HP TIME
28.4
31.1
34.5
33.1
32.2
32.0
31.3
31.2
31.2
30.0
28.8
28.7
29.4
29.0
29.3
29.1
28.6
30.0
29.9
29.4
29.5

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
LOCK





















22.7 2810 132 89 14.2
25.5 2788 129 91 13.9
28.7 2867 134 85 15.2
27.6 2959 143 89 15.1
26.4 3098 149 96 14.5
26.2 3141 145 94 14.8
25.6 3200 149 100 14.2
25.7 3198 144 102 14.1
25.6 3176 149 105 13.9
24.4 3374 176 115 13.6
23.5 3517 187 123 13.2
23.5 3532 188 129 12.8
23.9 3500 185 129 12.7
23.5 3603 189 130 12.8
23.7 3569 187 134 12.5
23.7 3640 185 136 12.6
23.3 3723 191 140 12.5
24.2 3713 185 142 12.3
24.3 3693 183 147 12.0
23.9 3734 181 152 11.8
24.0 3738 182 151 11.8

FUEL METERING
TOP
SPD
105
106
103
104
105
104
106
107
108
110
112
114
114 .
114
115
115
116
117
119
120
120

FOUR
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL VALVE
100.0
.8 97 . 9 1 .
1.7 73.3 25.
.6 77.8 21.
.1 93.1 6.
3.8 92.8 3.
19.6 78.8 1.
41.1 19.8 21.3 57.7 1.
46.6 20.0 26.6 53.1
71.4 24.6 46.8 28.6
85.8 36.0 49.9 14.2
90.6 25.2 65.4 9.4
95.5 35.8 59.7 4.5
94.2 30.2 64.0 5.8
96.1 20.2 75.9 3.9
98.4 10.2 88.2 1.6
100.0 13.5 86.5
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0

3
0
6
8
4
6
1
3





.1
3.3
11.0
21.1
15.9
35.6
32.1
HP/
CID
.675
.704
.632
.627
.650
.651
.678
.709
.707
.678
.686
.718
.719
.720
.741
.759
.773
.808
.824
.862
.852

HP/
WT
.0318
.0326
.0297
.0300
.0309
.0299
.0315
.0320
.0329
.0338
.0348
.0363
.0367
.0362
.0375
.0373
.0376
.0383
.0397
.0405
.0402

TON
-MPG
32.6
35.9
42.0
41.8
41.5
41.5
41.2
41.2
40.7
41.4
41.5
41.7
42.0
42.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
45.4
45.3
45.0
45.3

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
71
79
78
73
54
48
53
47
39
27
29
32
27
27
28
30
30
24
31
31
32
.4 28.6
.8 20.2
.8 21.2
.0 26.8
.9 45.0
.0 52.0
.3 46.7
.4 51.1
.6 60.0
.4 57.4
.1 51.6
.2 47.2
.2 57.9
.4 52.5
.5 53.3
.2 55.8
.2 48.1
.5 56.5
.7 51.1
.6 53.3
.3 53.7
LARGE



.2
.1


1.5
.3
15.2
19.3
20.6
14.9
20.1
18.2
14.0
21.7
19.0
17.2
15.1
14.0














































-.

DESIGNED
DOM



10.8
24.0
32.7
44.8
29.5
37.1
60.9
60.5
55.2
61.2
58.8
62.0
63.9
64.6
68.2
71.4
62.1
65.7
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.2
76.0
67.3
55.2
70.5
62.9
39.1
39.5
44.8
38.8
41.2
38.0
36.1
35.4
31.8
28.6
37.9
34.3
                                                                                                           E-15

-------
Table E-16
                                                   Appendix E

                                     CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 TRUCKS
                                                                                                       A-3 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

1995
1996
1997
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
-16
SALES
(000)
1939
418
309
361
396
734

721
618
545
460
423
115
30
29
32
55

27
23
5
OF A-3

FRAC
.628
.224
.170
.189
.172
.219

.197
.142
.132
.101
.095
.030
.007
.007
.007
.010

.005
.004
.001

DRIVETRAIN
FRONT

.4

2.0
3.5
14.7
29.9
35.2
22.7
16.5
40.1
7.6








4KD
13.7
23.9
14.9
16.8
19.8
34.4
18.2
15.5
19.4
26.2
22.4
20.5
35.8
20.9
25.8





FUEL
CITY
12.3
14.6
15.1
14.8
15.3
15.3

15.6
16.9
15.8
15.6
16.4
15.6
15.3
14.8
15.3
16.8

14.7
14.2
14.2

ECONOMY

HWY 55/45
15.2 i3.5
18.8 16.3
19.6 16.9
18.9 16.4
19.8 i7.0
20.2 17.2


20.3 17.4
22.2 18.9
20.8 i7.7
20.6 i7.5
21.6 i.8. 4
20.0 L7.3
19.5 17.0
18.7 i6.3
19.5 17.0
21.4 is. 6


18.8 16.3
18.6 i5. 9
18.9 ie.O

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL



















I
LOCK





















WGHT
LB
4534
4162
4165
4186
3946
3961

4039
3982
4233
4352
4143
4283
4335
4605
4681
4286

5030
5066
4500

ENGINE
CID
334
292
296
298
270
259

265
248
272
285
252
294
279
293
287
227

305
305
318

HP
149
132
128
131
122
128

139
130
146
155
145
161
151
177
167
149

168
170
215

0-60 TOP
TIME SPD






i















14
14
14
14
14
14

13
14
13
13
13
12
13
12
13
13

14
14
10

.3 113
.5 110
.8 109
.5 110
.7 108
.4 110

.8 113
.3 110
.7 113
.4 115
.7 114
.8 118
.6 115
.6 122
.3 118
.6 114

.1 115
.1 116
.3 133

FUEL METERING F(
FI
.1
1.0
.7
.5
.8
.7
1.6
3.9
47.2
92.8
94.6
87.7
87.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

TBI








20.8
55.3
47.0
54.0








PORT







3.9
26.3
37.5
47.6
33.8
87.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

CARB
97
99
99
99
99
98
98
96
52
7
5
12
12







.1
.0
.3
.5
.1
.9
.3
.1
.8
.2
.4
.3
.4



























DSL VI
2.8



.2
.4
.1













HP/
CID
.450
.472
.446
.451
.477
.522
.549
.555
.553
.551
.610
.570
.562
.610
.591
.712
.549
.554
.676
HP/
WT
.0329
.0316
.0306
.0313
.0308
.0321
.0339
.0324
.0341
.0351
.0345
.0375
.0356
.0396
.0373
.0348
.0338
.0342
.0477
TON
-MPG
31.1
34.1
35.3
34.5
34.0
34.5
35.8
38.3
38.0
38.7
39.0
38.0
36.9
37.9
39.6
39.8
41.1
40.3
36.0
                                                                          VEHICLE SIZE        DESIGNED
                                                                          SMALL   MID LARGE   DOM IMPORT
                                                                            3.1  21.0  75.9  97.1
                                                                                                    2.9
11
5
7
7
12
1
2
2
2
2
9
32
20
25
46



.8
.0
.6
.9
.7
.3
.5
.3
.2
.8
.4
.3
.9
.0
.0



17
14
17
37
46
53
53
50
40
57
41
12
29
11
20
27
28
100
.4
.1
.1
.4
.8
.8
.2
.4
.9
.4
.5
.4
.0
.2
.8
.8
.4
.0
70
80
75
54
40
44
44
47
57
39
49
55
50
63
33
72
71

.8
.9
.3
.7
.5
.9
.3
.3
.0
.8
.0
.3
.2
.8
.2
.2
.6

86
90
93
91
95
97
94
97
99
99
96
91
100
100
100
100
100
100
.1
.0
.2
.2
.5
.0
.4
.8
.6
.6
.9
.2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
13
10
6
8
4
3
5
2


3
8






.9
.0
.8
.8
.5
.0
.6
.2
.4
.4
.1
.8







-------
Table E-17
                                                  Appendix B




                                    CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 TROCKS
A-4 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
6
42
9
27
38
47
87
60
44
51
35
17
16
25
20
26
22
32
21
OF A-4:
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT
FRAC
.003
.022
.004
.008
.010
.011
.021
.013
.010
.014
.009
.004
.003
.005
.004
.005
.004
.005
.003

DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD

























21.7
18.7
24.8
37.4
29.9
5.7







CITY
23.8
16.9
24.5
22.9
23.3
21.9
22.9
22.1
22.7
14.7
16.7
20.7
23.5
23.5
23.6
23.1
23.1
23.7
23.7

HWY 55/45 LB
30.6
24.6
29.7
27.0
27.8
25.5
28.4
26.8
28.4
20.0
21.9
26.4
30.7
30.7
30.5
30.3
30.4
31.1
30.7

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK






































26.5 2750
19.6 3715
26.6 2788
24.6 2809
25.1 3018
23.4 3133
25.1 3120
24.0 3160
25.0 3229
16.7 4299
18.7 3908
22.9 3277
26.3 3000
26.3 3000
26.3 3000
25.9 3000
25.9 3000
26.5 3000
26.4 3000

ENGINE
CID HP
144 98
262 131
144 99
144 100
144 107
144 107
144 104
144 109
149 116
283 161
238 144
176 126
144 112
144 112
147 132
149 142
149 142
149 142
149 142

0-60
TIME
13.1
13.2
13.1
13.1
13.2
13.4
13.8
13.5
13.0
12.6
12.7
12.4
12.6
12.6
11.1
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4

TOP
SPD
109
113
109
110
110
110
108
110
112
118
116
115
113
113
121
125
125
125
125

FUEL METERING FOUR
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL VALVE



17.1
28.4
33.5
8.0
47.6
69.9
100.0 74.0
100.0 50.9
100.0 13.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100
100
100
82
71
33.5 66
8.0 92
47.6 52
69.9 30
26.0
49.1
86.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.0
.0
.0
.9
.6
.5
.0
.4
.1
























68.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
HP/ HP/
CID WT
.681 .0355
.525 .0352
.685 .0353
.694 .0355
.741 .0352
.745 .0346
.721 .0334
.757 .0345
.777 .0360
.603 .0371
.652 .0363
.746 .0374
.778 .0373
.778 .0373
.897 .0441
.953 .0473
.953 .0473
.953 .0473
.953 .0473

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
100.0
25.4
100.0
100.0
98.0 2.0
93.2 6.8
61.6 38.3
58.6 41.4
69.9 30.1
23.6 35.0
48.1 20.6
84.9 7.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TON
-MPG
36.4
36.4
37.0
34.6
38.1
37.0
39.5
38.3
40.6
36.7
37.2
38.3
39.4
39.4
39.4
38.8
38.9
39.8
39.6

LARGE

74.6




.1


41.4
31.3
7.7





























DESIGNED •-
DOM IMPORT
100.0
74.6 25.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
74.0 26.0
50.9 49.1
15.1 84.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                                                                                                           E-17

-------
 Table E-18
                                                   Appendix X
                                                          i

                                     CHXBACXERISTICS OT 1978 TO 1999 TRUCKS
                                                                                                 L-3 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENf
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
64
457
513
443
171
346
447
472
386
471
168
346
285
296
315
265
271
261
241
177
84
OF L-3:
FOEL ECONOMY:
FRAC
.021
.246
.282
.231
.074
.103
.122
.109
.093
.103
.038
.091
.070
.073
.066
.048
.047
.050
.039
.027
.012

DRIVETRAIN
FRONT





2.4
2.5
3.2
43.0
68.4
41.9
80.2
71.9
81.7
84.2
76.6
76.1
84.0
73.1
68.7
49.1
4HD

19.0
15.4
9.2
17.2
15.5
13.5
16.5
12.2
2.8
10.3
4.1
5.3
3.3
3.0
11.4
13.6
4.2
14.2
20.6
22.7
CITY
13.8
14.7
15.8
16.9
16.3
16.6
16.0
16.2
18.4
18.9
18.7
20.1
20.3
20.8
21.1
20.8
21.3
20.8
19.9
19.8
19.0

HWY
17.5
19.7
21.2
22.9
22.1
22.3
21.0
21.2
25.2
27.2
25.3
28.1
27.3
28.4
29.4
28.8
29.5
29.4
28.3
28.4
26.5

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
















'




LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
55/45
15.2
16.6
17.9
19.2
18.5
18.8
17.9
18.1
21.0
21.9
21.2
23.1
22.9
23.6
24.2
23.8
24.3
24.0
23.0
22.9
21.8

FUEL
FI




.1
.1
1.3
3.9
46.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
WGHT
LB
4141
4491
4288
3973
4112
4058
4151
4129
3786
3854
3721
3756
3810
3817
3579
3612
3518
3953
3937
3900
4130

ENGINE
CID
297
313
292
262
277
258
265
264
223
206
207
187
180
174
174
175
175
176
183
183
190

HP
135
'l44
140
134
132
130
142
141
133
139
127
124
120
124
127
132
132 :
149
148
153
161 ^

METERING
TBI






1.3
3.9
6.5
31.6
58.1
72.8
69.1
43.7
35.0
33.7
28.5




PORT








40.3
68.4
41.9
27.2
30.9
56.3
65.0
66.3
71.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
GARB
100. 0
89.5
95.8
100.0
99.5
99.9
98.7
96.1
53.2


'









0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
14.3 111
14.4 111
14.1 112
13.8 112
14.7 110
14.4 110
13.7 113
13.7 113
13.3 113
13.0 115
13.7 112
14.1 110
14.6 108
14.2 110
13.3 113
13.1 114
12.7 115
12.5 117
12.6 117
12.2 119
12.2 119

FOUR
DSL VALVE

10.5
4.2

.4










1.2

18.8
18.5
26.1
49.1
HP/ HP/
CID WT
.452 .0324
.462 .0319
.481 .0325
.522 .0337
.477 .0318
.516 .0319
.548 .0340
.552 .0340
.633 .0354
.705 .0362
.662 .0342
'.675 .0329
.679 .0313
.719 .0325
.736 .0356
.757 .0364
.763 .0376
.854 .0376
.820 .0377
.855 .0394
.877 .0390

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
54.7
26.8
.8 29.3
.9 57.6
5.1 28.5
7.7 40.6
8.3 45.2
6.8 53.1
5.8 82.7
1.8 89.8
14.9 71.9
4.4 90.9
18.0 77.3
11.5 86.9
11.9 86.9
15.0 85.0
16.6 83.4
6.9 93.1
15.4 84.6
21.6 69.0
22.7 77.3
TON
-MPG
31.8
37.9
38.5
38.0
38.3
38.0
37.2
37.5
40.0
42.5
39.5
43.7
44.1
45.5
43.4
43.1
43.0
47.5
45.7
45.5
45.9























_

DESIGNED
LARGE DOM
45.3 100.0
73.2 100.0
69.9 100.0
41.6 100.0
66.5 97.3
51.7 93.8
46.6 91.7
40.1 93.2
11.5 88.8
8.4 98.2
13.2 85.1
4.7 95.6
4.7 92.8
1.6 95.1
1.2 95.1
89.5
89.7
93.1
97.0
9.4 95.5
100.0
IMPORT




2.7
6.2
8.3
6.8
11.2
1.8
14.9
4.4
7.2
4.9
4.9
10.5
10.3
6.9
3.0
4.5

E-18

-------
Table E-19
                                                  Appendix X




                                    CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 TRUCKS
L-4 TRANS.
MODEL
YEAR
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
53
193
660
829
1100
1357
1465
1949
2351
2219
2443
2610
3284
3827
4250
4124
4601
4997
5339
OF L-4
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE 0-60
FRAC
.029
.101
.287
.248
.300
.312
.354
.428
.530
.583
.603
.642
.691
.698
.739
.785
.739
.762
.783
:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT








8.0
13.2
7.7
11. 4
13.5
14.0
19.1
20.2
14.4
22.1
21.1
4WD

27.4
23.4
29.1
37.0
33.1
32.6
37.0
31.6
32.2
39.8
33.8
30.5
39.4
44.0
41.4
45.1
44.5
47.1
CITY
15.3
17.3
16.9
16.9
17.4
17.4
17.5
17.0
17.2
16.8
17.1
16.8
17.0
16.9
16.7
17.1
17.0
17.0
16.8

HWY 55/45 LB CID HP TIME
23.1
24.5
24.2
24.7
25.8
25.4
26.0
25.2
25.3
25.0
25.5
25.1
25.6
25.1
25.1
25.8
25.5
25.7
25.2

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL



















LOCK
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.0 4030 302 142 13.2
20.0 4841 327 148 15.0
19.5 4343 280 141 14.2
19.7 4253 263 134 14.6
20.4 4044 238 130 14.3
20.2 4075 240 138 13.7
20.5 3999 235 151 12.7
19.9 4110 260 160 12.3
20.1 4136 260 162 12.3
19.7 4249 263 165 12.3
20.1 4182 254 164 12.2
19.7 4262 257 167 12.2
20.0 4280 257 174 11.8
19.8 4338 264 179 11.7
19.7 4352 263 177 11.8
20.1 4347 259 188 11.3
20.0 4490 264 199 11.1
20.0 4438 258 198 11.0
19.8 4569 261 205 11.0

FUEL METERING
TOP
SPD
114
111
111
110
110
113
117
119
120
120
120
120
123
123
123
126
128
128
129

FOUR
FI TBI PORT GARB DSL VALVE
100.0
55.7 44.
90.4 9.
4.0 91.1 4.
15.6 82.3 2.
73.4 31.2 42.1 25.6 1.
97.8 57.9 39.9 1.7
99.1 61.3 37.8 .5
99.2 56.0 43.2 .5
99.3 42.0 57.4 .4
99.5 44.4 55.2 .3
99.8 33.0 66.8 .1
99.9 26.6 73.3 .1
100.0 27.0 73.0
100.0 21.6 78.4
99.9 99.9
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0

3
6
9
1
1
5
4
3
3
2
1
.2
2.8
7.7
1 7.2
10.0
10.8
13.5
HP/
CID
.470
.459
.519
.532
.567
.606
.665
.637
.643
.651
.665
.669
.699
.697
.696
.741
.771
.786
.804

HP/
WT
.0352
.0310
.0324
.0314
.0321
.0340
.0376
.0390
.0393
.0391
.0393
.0394
.0410
.0414
.0409
.0433
.0442
.0446
.0449

TON
-MPG
36.3
49.2
42.8
42.1
41.3
41.3
41.0
40.9
41.8
42.0
42.2
42.2
43.0
43.1
43.1
44.0
44.9
44.6
45.3

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID



4
8
11
11
7
5
4
1
2
1
1
1
2
5
2
3

11.2
50.2
.0 48.0
.9 55.4
.4 53.4
.6 64.2
.0 58.0
.1 65.8
.6 62 . 8
.9 72.5
.5 67.4
.5 68.5
.3 64.2
.8 67.1
.4 68.2
.5 48.5
.7 57.2
.9 52.7
LARGE
100.0
88.8
49.8
48.0
35.7
35.2
24.2
34.9
29.1
32.6
25.6
30.1
30.0
34.5
31.1
29.4
46.0
40.1
43.4












































DESIGNED"-
DOM
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.0
95.4
92.6
91.2
93.2
93.2
89.9
87.7
89.6
88.4
89.1
84.9
87.9
84.1
85.7
83.0
IMPORT



4.0
4.6
7.4
8.8
6.8
6.8
10.1
12.3
10.4
11.6
10.9
15.1
12.1
15.9
14.3
17.0
                                                                                                          E-19

-------
 Table B-20
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1997
   1998
   1999
SALES
(000)

  384
  440
  493
FRAC

.062
.067
.072
  PERCENT OF L-5:
                                          Appendix B

                            CHARACTERISTICS OF 1978 TO 1999 TRUCKS
FOEL ECONOMY
CITY  HWY  55/45
17.3
17.1
17.2
25.9
25.3
25.4
20.3
20.0
,20.1
WGHT
 LB

4366
4458
4320
                                 ENGINE
                                 CID ! HP
                               0-60 TOP
                               TIME SPD
                                       HP/
                                       CID
                               HP/
                               WT
244  160   12.8 117
239 '194 '  11.2 127
242  184   11.4 125
               TON
              -MPG
.656  .0367    4.4.3
.818  .0436    44.7
.762  .0423    43.5
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1997
   1998
   1999
 DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
                      FUEL METERING
                      FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
                                            FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
                                       DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE
                                                                                                         L-5  TRANS.
                                                                 DESIGNED
                                                                 DOM IMPORT
       59.8
       65.6
       65.9
             100.0  100.0
             100.0  100.0
             100.0  100.0
                         100.0
                         100.0
                         100.0
                                                   100.0       100.0
                                                    81.8  18.2  90.2
                                                    87.7  12.3  91.4
                                                                 9.8
                                                                 8.6
E-20

-------
                                                   Appendix E
Table E-21
                                     CHARACTERISTICS 07 1978 TO 1999 TRUCKS
                                                                                                      OTHER TRANS.
 MODEL
 YEAR

  1983
  1984
  1987
  1989

  1990
  1996
SALES
(000)  FRAC
       .003
       .000
       .001
       .000

       .000
       .000
        FUEL ECONOMY
        CITY  HWY  55/45
        13.4
        28.8
        17.3
        17.4

        17.4
        13.2
18.4
38.5
19.9
20.2

20.0
19.6
15.3
32.4
18.4
18.6

18.5
15.5
             WGHT  ENGINE
              LB   CID  HP
                        0-60 TOP
                        TIME SPD
4561  284  135   15.7 108
2750  122   88   14.3 105
4000  129   90   18.3  97
4500  129   90   20.4  95

4500  129   90   20.8  95
5385  346  227   11.3 129
                               HP/
                               CID
       HP/
       WT
.697  .0168
.653  .0390
 TON
-MPG
.469  .0285   35.3
.667  .0000   44.6
.698  .0224   36.8
.696  .0157   41.7
41.6
41.6
 PERCENT OF OTHER:
 MODEL
 YEAR

  1983
  1984
  1987
  1989

  1990
  1996
 DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
                       FUEL METERING                FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE        DESIGNED
                       FI    TBI  PORT  CARB   DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE   DOM IMPORT
100.0
 64.2

100.0
100.0
       77.0
                                             100.0
                                             100.0
                                                                        12.6  87.4  100.0
                           100.0
                           100.0

                           100.0
                           100.0
                   100.0
                   100.0

                   100.0
                   100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0

                                       100.0
                                                        100.0
                                                        100.0
                                                        100.0

                                                        100.0
                                                                       100.0 100.0

-------

-------
                                                   Appendix F
Table F-l
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999  LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                              FOUR CYLINDER CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000) FRAC
1805 .219
2017 .
2287 .
2926 .
3157 .
4511 .
4469 .
4251 .
4158 .
5744 .
5865 .
6462 .
6679 .
6333 .
5671 .
4925 .
4843 .
3946 .
4267 .
4179 .
4620 .
3984 .
4482 .
4149 .
3764 .
OF FOUR
207
202
262
292
478
512
544
520
538
543
587
622
590
566
559
568
487
505
497
492
505
537
514
478
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL ENGINE
CITY- HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP
20.8 30.6 24.3 " 2651 112 79
22.8
24.8
24.7
23.6
24.4
26.0
26.7
27.1
27.1
27.3
27.1
26.9
27.5
26.9
26.4
26.5
26.5
27.0
26.9
27.3
26.8
26.9
27.1
26.9
33.1 26.5 2613 111 77
35.3 28.7 2523 86.8 106 78
34.3 28.3 2511 88.9 108 77
33.0 27.1 2564 90.1 110 77
34.3 28.1 2573 93.0 116 78
36.2 29.8 2555 97.7 115 79
38.2 30.9 2595 97.8 114 78
38.2 31.2 2622 101.2 118 81
38.7 31.4 2655 100.3 119 85
38.9 31.5 2671 101.7 120 90
38.6 31.3 2719 102.5 121 91
38.4 31.1 2732 102.1 121 92
39.0 31.7 2739 101.8 118 95
38.6 31.1 2794 101.5 120 100
38.1 30.7 2857 100.8 122 108
38.5 30.8 2846 100.9 120 108
38.9 30.9 2885 100.7 120 112
39.9 31.6 2866 101.9 119 110
40.2 31.6 2901 102.0 120 113
41.1 32.2 2889 102.7 118 120
40.6 31.6 2936 102.8 121 123
40.8 31.8 2947 102.4 121 124
41.3 32.0 3019 103.7 123 128
40.9 31.8 3064 103.9 123 129
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
15.1 102
15.2 102
14.6 103
14.7 103
14.9 102
14.8 102
14.6 103
14.9 102
14.7 103
14.3 105
13.8 107
13.9 106
13.8 107
13.6 108
13.1 110
12.6 112
12.5 113
12.3 114
12.4 113
12.3 114
11.7 117
11.6 118
11.5 118
11.4 119
11.5 119
HP/
CID
.716
.706
.742
.727
.707
.681
.693
.686
.694
.718
.752
.753
.772
.805
.839
.901
.913
.947
.930
.955
1.016
1.023
1.024
1.039
1.048
HP/
WT
.0297
.0295
.0307
.0307
.0299
.0302
.0308
.0299
.0307
.0319
.0335
.0332
.0336
.0343
.0357
.0377
.0379
.0388
.0382
.0390
.0413
.0419
.0420
.0423
.0420
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
32.4
























34.8
36.6
36.0
35.0
36.4
38.4
40.3
41.3
42.0
42.4
42.8
42. 8
43.7
43.7
44.0
44.1
44.8
45.5
46.0
46.7
46.6
47.0
48.5
48.9

2556
2580
2491
2662
2953
3061
3213
3192
3251
3244
3207
3268
3196
3120
3150
3153
3257
3257
3340-.
3285
3280
3348
3334

3191
3208
3165
3394
3747
3951
4174
4208
4317
4389
4365
4448
4434
4437
4457
4518
4639
4699
4795
4793
4812
5037
5087
CYLINDER CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
25.2
22.0
28.3
31.8
33.5
44.8
60.6
72.1
76.2
81.3
84.0
89.5
92.0
94.1
93.2
93.2
92.5
88.5
94.1
96.7
90.2
95.9
95.7
95.6
95.9
4WD




1.2
1.0
.9
.9
5.1
1.4
3.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.1
1.2
2.0
1.1
2.2
2.5
2.8
2.9
3.2
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL
68.9
63.9
69.5
67.4
65.9
60.3
55.2
49.5
46.8
40.0
38.1
36.5
34.4
35.2
31.8
30.6
31.2
30.1
29.3
25.9
27.4
24.1
21.5
22.1
23.2
LOCK FI TBI PORT GARB
14.4 14.4 84.8
6.7 6.7 92.7
11.9 11.9 86.3
10.4 10.4 87.8
7.0 7.0 90.9
9.1 9.1 87.3
1.7 7.5 7.5 88.5
21.4 18.7 11.2 7.5 78.7
26.2 32.7 21.0 11.7 66.3
30.4 43.7 28.3 15.4 54.7
31.8 52.3 33.6 18.7 46.9
37.0 63.3 38.9 24.4 36.3
43.0 68.1 43.2 24.9 31.8
50.3 78.5 45.9 32.7 21.5
53.5 84.9 41.3 43.7 15.0
57.9 98.2 35.3 62.9 1.7
60.9 99.9 31.0 68.9
61.4 100.0 13.4 86.6
62.9 100.0 11.9 88.1
67.3 100.0 7.7 92.3
70.7 100.0 1.7 98.3
73.8 99.9 1.5 98.3
77.3 99.9 1.2 98.7
73.1 99.4 99.4
76.1 99.4 99.4
FOUR
DSL VALVE
.8
.6
1.8
1.7
2.1
3.6
4.0
2.6
1.0
1.6
.8
.4 2.2
.1 7.4
15.1
.1 19.2
39.6
.1 42.9
49.0
46.5
56.9
73.2
.1 76.3
.1 74.1
.6 77.3
.6 78.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
98.7 1
99.4
99.3
97.6 2
95.8 4
89.5 10
82.7 17
83.8 16
79.3 20
85.0 15
81.6 18
79.3 20
81.3 18
87.2 12
86.3 13
88.9 11
90.8 9
89.1 10
89.4 10
89.1 10
88.9 11
84.7 15
84.7 15
74.0 26
72.4 27
.3
.6
.7
.4
.2
.5
.3
.2
.7
.0
.4
.6
.5
.6
.5
.0
.0
.7
.4
.8
.0
.2
.2
.0
.6











.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1


DESIGNED
DOM
29.5
36.3
19.9
31.1
42.0
45.5
50.9
54.1
53.5
63.4
58.5
55.3
49.6
45.0
44.2
36.0
36.9
34.4
40.9
29.8
38.7
39.4
39.5
44.0
37.9
EUR
32.1
22.1
24.1
20.9
16.0
14.9
9.5
8.7
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.0
6.6
5.3
5.1
4.6
4.2
2.5
3.0
3.9
4.5
4.9
5.5
6.6
ASIA
38.4
41.5
56.0
48.0
42.0
39.6
39.7
37.2
39.3
29.4
34.1
37.5
43.3
48.4
50.5
58.8
58.5
61.4
56.6
67.2
57.4
56.1
55.6
50.6
55.6
 F-l

-------
Table F-2
                                                    Appendix 7
                                     I
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
FIVE CYLINDER CARS
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
1975 5
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
12
12
39
43
66
59
58
64
116
99
71
44
18
15
18
15
27
41
54
60
84
51
107
75
FRAC
.001
.001
.001
.003
.004
.007
.007
.007
.008
.011
.009
.006
.004
.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.005
.006
.006
.011
.ode
.013
.010
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HHY 55/45
23.9 31.4 26.8
22.2
23.0
18.4
20.5
20.8
22.4
23.9
24.5
21.5
21.0
20.0
20.5
20.7
20.5
20.6
20.8
22.3
22.7
21.8
22.0
21.9
21.8
2i.2
21.7
27.8
27.7
25.1
26.5
29.0
30.5
31.7
32.2
29.9
29.2
29.2
29.8
30.7
29.6
29.8
31.5
33.1
35.4
34.3
35.4
34.7
34.8
34.4
34.0
24.4
24.9
20.9
22.8
23.8
25.4
26.9
27.4
24.6
1,
24.0
23.3
23.9
24.3
23.8
23.9
24.5
26.1
27.1
26.1
26.5
26.3
26.2
25.6
25.9
WGHT
LB
3500
4000
4000
3411
3596
3357
3358
3601
3660
3326
3360
3035
3095
3047
3415
3407
3460
3497
3509
3504
3512
3500
3500
3500
3647
VOL
CU-FT

105.0
103.6
106.0
105.3
105.3
105.8
106.1
110.3
110.2
111.0
110.7
104.6
108.5
105.1
106.7
100.9
108.2
114.7
118.6
115.6
117.1
118.3
118.5
ENGINE
'CID HP
183 77
183
183
152
162
152
155
163
165
148
151
136
^139
140
140
141
142
150
149
147
146
148
148
145
148
77
77
102
100
92
98
114
114
109
117
116
127
129
135
138
141
170
169
184
185
180
181
189
193
0-60
TIME
19.3
21.5
21.5
15.1
16.1
16.3
15.6
14.3
14.5
13.9
13.3
12.3
11.7
11.4
12.0
11.8
11.9
10.3
10.3
9.7
9.6
9.8
9.7
9.5
9.6
TOP
SPD
95
93
93
106
104
102
104
108
108
109
111
114
117
119
117
118
119
129
128
134
134
133
133
136
135
HP/
CID
.420
.421
.421
.690
.636
.630
.650
.705
.696
.748
.788
.854
.914
.919
.968
.980
1.001
1.135
1.133
1.252
1.271
1.221
1.223
1.301
1.309
HP/
WT
.0220
.0192
.0192
.0305
.0283
.0280
.0296
.0318
.0312
.0329
.0351
.0381
.0406
.0418
.0391
.0401
.0403
.0485
.0480
.0523
.0527
.0514
.0517
.0539
.0530
TON
-MPG
46.8
48.8
49.8
37.0
42.3
41.6
44.0
49.9
51.4
42.1-
41.1
35.6
37.4
37.3
40.7
41.1
43.2
46.0
47.6
45.8
46.6
46.0
45.9
44.9
47.2
CU-FT CU-FT1
-MPG TON-MPG
1 'ii 'Li!'' •. !

2613
2202
2462
2593
2739
2896
2949
2742
2661
2595
2661
2552
2585
2536
2665
2656
2938
2998
3146
3043"
3074
3029
3073

5227
3821
4499
4399
4671
5300
5462
4619
4509
3949
4132
3894
4430
4331
4626
4645
5152
5252
5521
5325
5379
5300
5592
   PERCENT OF  FIVE  CYLINDER CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
58.9 8.1
40.4 8.9
1
56.6 18.5
51.0 21.5
37.1
32.2
65.8
63.1
84.9
70.4
60.5
86.8
74.5
69.0
88.6
93.3
99.1

97.6
100.0
100.0
90.6
72.7

.8
2.6
4.1
12.6
24.0
36.0
10.9
13.0
16.4
1.1
1.8
.9

2.4


9.4
27.3
11.0
11.7
18.2
15.6
28.4
36.5
56.1
29.2
30.8
24.5
17.1
15.7
9.8
""1
8.7
4.8
3.2
4.7
5.7






''


55.2
72.5
79.4
90.2
I
91.3
95.2
96.8
95.3
94.3
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
i
1 100.0
• 100.0
100.0
58.9 58.9 41.1
38.0 38.0 62.0
1 1
41.9 41.9 58.1
40.8 40.8 59.2
35.3
29.0
68.4
67.3
97.5
94.4
96.5
97.7
93.5
85.4
89.7
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
35
29
68
67
97
94
96
97
93
85
89
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
.3
.0
.4
.3
.5
.4
.5
.7
.5
.4
.7
.0
.0
1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
64.7
71.0
31.6
32.7
2.5
5.6
3.5
2.3
6.5
14.6
10.3


1





FOUR
VALVE








13.1
13.8
86.6
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.1 5.9
95.2 4.8
96.0 4.0
94.7
95.9
47.5
45.3
30.2
36.6
57.4
21.4
39.6
38.9
98.9
32.9
18.6

3.1
27.6
16.8
10.0
5.7
5.3
4.1
52.5
54.7
69.8
63.4
42.6
78.6
60.4
61.1
1.1
67.1
81.4

96.9
72.4
83.2
90.0
94.3
                                                                                                DESIGNED
                                                                                                DOM   EUR  ASIA

                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0

                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0

                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0

                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                    100.0
                                                                                                     13.4  86.6
                                                                                                     73.9  26.1
                                                                                                     82.2  17.8
                                                                                                     99.3
                                                                                                     72.4
                                                                                                     83.2
                                                                                                     91.9
                                                                                                    100.0
              .7
            27.6
            16.8
             8.1
                                                                                                              F-2

-------
                                                   Appendix F
Table F-3
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOT* VEHICLES
                                                                                               SIX CYLINDER CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1533
1935
1851
2325
2187
2644
2394
2080
1858
2455
2498
2694
2489
2985
3157
2989
2635
3067
3255
3126
3667
3020
3016
3161
3198
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.186
.199
.164
.208
.203
.280
.274
.266
.232
.230
.232
.245
.232
.278
.315
.339
.309
.378
.385
.372
.390
.383
.361
.391
.406
CITY
16.2
17.1
17.3
17.7
17.9
18.8
19.6
19.7
20.3
20.5
20.3
20.8
20.8
21.4
21.2
20.9
20.9
20.8
21.3
21.1
21.4
21.4
21.2
21.6
21.5
HWY
22.1
23.0
23.3
24.6
24.6
26.5
27.8
28.9
30.1
30.5
31.2
32.8
33.7
34.8
34.6
34.5
34.2
34.6
34.8
34.6
35.6
35.6
35.4
36.2
35.8
55/45
18.4
19.3
19.6
20.2
20.4
21.6
22.6
23.0
23.8
24.1
24.1
24.9
25.1
25.9
25.7
25.4
25.3
25.4
25.8
25.6
26.0
26.1
25.9
26.4
26.2
WGHT
LB
3625
3715
3753
3482
3421
3332
3382
3404
3373
3364
3387
3377
3414
3397
3423
3504
3490
3500
3488
3533
3532
3552
3574
3549
3583
VOL
CO- FT


106.6
108.6
108.8
111.0
111.6
112.9
111.0
111.3
111.8
112.0
112.9
113.6
114.8
114.0
113.6
114.3
113.9
113.2
113.1
113.6
114.5
113.5
113.4
ENGINE
CID
225
231
229
221
217
213
215
213
211
205
206
200
198
193
194
197
197
199
199
198
195
194
197
195
194
HP
105
100
105
107
109
110
110
114
116
117
124
134
143
142
146
150
156
158
158
159
172
172
179
181
188
0-60
TIME
15.7
16.7
16.1
14.8
14.4
13.9
14.1
13.8
13.6
13.4
12.9
12.1
11.6
11.5
11.4
11.4
11.0
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.3
10.3
10.1
9.9
9.7
TOP
SPD
105
103
104
107
108
109
108
110
111
111
114
117
120
120
121
122
124
125
125
125
129
129
131
132
134
HP/
CID
.485
.445
.471
.495
.507
.530
.522
.548
.565
.586
.617
.683
.733
.744
.762
.773
.796
.810
.805
.812
.888
.894
.918
.938
.977
HP/
WT
.0295
.0272
.0284
.0310
.0319
.0333
.0328
.0337
.0345
.0350
.0367
.0398
.0418
.0418
.0428
.0430
.0448
.0453
.0454
.0450
.0487
.0485
.0502
.0509
.0524
TON
-MPG
33.5
36.0
36.9
35.3
34.9
36.0
38.3
39.3
40.2
40.5
40.8
42.2
42.9
44.0
44.0
44.6
44.2
44.4
45.0
45.2
46.0
46.3
46.4
46.8
47.1
CU-FT
-MPG


2095
2206
2224
2407
2527
2614
2654
2684
2697
2805
2847
2952
2956
2911
2887
2908
2946
2901
2952.
2966
2973
2996
2983
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


3955
3844
3814
4004
4283
4457
4481
4515
4566
4745
4862
5017
5059
5099
5040
5091
5139
5126
5210
5270
5317
5322
5350
  PERCENT OF SIX CYLINDER CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT




.5
22.0
14.2
19.5
22.4
31.5
48.6
63.4
73.0
83.8
84.1
86.3
87.8
88.6
88.2
86.4
87.4
88.9
87.8
87.2
87.1
4WD





1.5
.8
1.1
1.7
.9

.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
.4
1.3
.3
.2
.2
.7
.6
1.1
1.7
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
19.3
15.2
11.9
9.1
9.1
8.2
5.4
5.3
6.6
6.1
6.3
6.9
7.9
5.8
5.0
3.9
4.3
3.8
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.4
3.5
4.0
4.5
LOCK



8.3
8.2
25.7
58.8
89.3
90.1
91.9
92.7
91.1
89.2
92.5
93.0
94.3
93.6
93.1
93.8
94.2
93.9
94.3
96.5
96.0
95.3
FUEL
FI
8.3
4.7
6.7
5.3
6.9
4.3
6.8
17.8
12.3
29.8
62.7
80.1
96.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
METERING
TBI







8.0

8.8
21.6
15.4
7.9
2.3
.2
.1

.1







PORT
8.3
4.7
6.7
5.3
6.9
4.3
6.8
9.8
12.3
21.0
41.1
64.7
88.8
97.6
99.8
99.8
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
CARB
91.7
95.3
93.3
94.7
93.1
95.5
92.9
79.6
85.7
68.8
36.7
19.6
2.5
.1











DSL





.2
.3
2.6
2.0
1.4
.6
.3
.8



.1



.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
FOUR
VALVE











1.1
4.1
5.3
6.1
8.3
9.9
12.2
19.0
20.4
29.8
34.1
35.9
34.6
44.1
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
92.4
84.0
74.8
54.0
40.5
29.0
23.1
25.0
31.7
29.9
30.1
35.0
38.1
33.1
19.1
19.4
20.4
25.6
24.5
28.7
28.9
24.9
22.4
20.8
21.3
MID
6.9
15.2
22.9
43.9
57.8
66.6
70.5
65.1
64.0
67.0
56.0
43.6
37.9
46.1
61.2
61.1
62.3
55.3
57.5
46.7
50.4
56.6
53.1
62.5
58.5
LARGE
.7
.8
2.3
2.1
1.7
4.4
6.4
10.0
4.3
3.1
13.9
21.4
24.0
20.8
19.7
19.5
17.3
19.2
18.0
24.6
20.8
18.4
24.5
16.8
20.2
DESIGNED
DOM
89.1
93.3
93.1
94.0
92.5
95.5
92.9
88.8
87.1
88.3
86.9
86.8
78.4
84.0
84.1
83.4
82.7
81.5
81.0
82.8
76.0
74.9
71.4
68.8
67.3
EUR
4.2
2.7
2.3
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
2.3
3.0
3.3
3.7
5.3
7.2
6.7
6.1
4.7
4.7
4.4
3.8
3.9
5.8
4.9
6.9
7.1
9.8
ASIA
6.7
4.0
4.7
4.5
6.1
3.3
5.9
8.9
9.9
8.3
9.3
7.9
14.4
9.3
9.8
11.9
12.6
14.0
15.2
13.3
18.3
20.1
21.7
24.1
22.9
 F-3

-------
                                                      i    • r
Table F-4
                                                   Appendix F




                               CHARACTERISTICS OT 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTT VEHICLES
                                                                                              EIGHT  CYLINDER CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
4840
5728
7132
5882
5354
2169
1778
1377
1859
2316

2229
1651
1387
1247
1070
812
905
951
791
933
1013
775
780
639
831

FRAC
.588
.589
.631
.526
.496
.230
.204
.176
.232
.217

.207
.150
.129
.116
.107
.092
.106
.117
.094
.111
.108
.098
.093
.079
.106
FUEL
CITY
11.6
13.2
14.1
14.9
15.4
16.4
17.1
17.0
16.8
17.0

18.1
18.6
18.4
18.7
18.7
18.4
18.7
18.8
18.6
18.7
18.6
18.9
19.0
18.8
18.4
ECONOMY
HWY
16.6
18.5
19.7
21.4
21.4
24.0
26.0
26.5
26.4
26.8

28.8
30.1
29.6
30.4
30.7
30.4
31.1
31.3
31.5
31.4
31.7
32.3
31.9
31.4
30.5
55/45
13.4
15.1
16.2
17.2
,17.6
19.1
20.2
"20.3
"20.1
20.3
i
21.7
22.5
22.2
22 . 6
22.7
22.3
22.8
22.9
22.8
22.9
22.9
23.3
23.2
23.0
22.4
WGHT
LB
4732
4689
4450
4166
4060
3920
3973
3940
3946
3913

3895
3813
3846
3854
3831
3947
3947
4006
4010
3989
4005
4018
4001
3972
4033
VOL
CU-FT


119.0
119.2
120.6
120.6
123.0
123.4
125.0
122.3

122.8
120.2
120.2
121.5
121.5
121.4
122.0
124.1
123.8
121.2
120.3
122.3
122.2
117.4
120.5
ENGINE
CID
376
368
348
335
324
309
307
305
298
300

296
299
299
301
300
294
298
295
296
292
289
289
279
281
280
HP
167
165
158
154
149
135
133
138
143
144

151
152
155
164
160
173
198
208
215
225
230
241
247
256
242
0-60
TIME
13.4
13.4
13.2
12.8
12.9
13.6
14.0
13 . 5
12.9
12.8

12.4
12.0
12.0
11.6
11.6
11.3
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.2
9.0
8.7
8.5
8.3
8.8
TOP
SPD
117
116
116
117
116
113
112
114
115
116

118
120
120
123
122
125
134
136
139
142
143
147
149
153
147
HP/
CID
.446
.448
.455
.460
.460
.439
.440
.457
.482
.483

.509
.511
.520
.544
.535
.597
.669.
.714
.736
.776
.803
.841
.891
.918
.867
HP/
WT
.0354
.0351
.0356
.0371
.0368
.0345
.0337
.0354
.0364
.0371

.0389
.0402
.0407
.0430
.0423
.0441
.0504
.0522
.0542
.0566
.0575
.0602
.0620
.0648
.0606
TON
-MPG
32.0
35.6
36.1
36.1
35.9
37.9
40.9
40.5
39.8
39.8

42.3
42.9
42.7
43.6
43.5
44.2
45.0
46.1
45.8
45.7
45.9
46.9
46.4
45.7
45.3
CO-FT
-MPG


1939
2085
2145
2343
2538
2537
2519
2491

2670
2712
2676
2754
2765
2720
2788
2862
2835
2783
2759
2857
2837
2699
2708
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


4305
4317
4344
4616
5071
5054
4999
'4915

5227
5201
5177
'5349
5339
5404""
5540
5765
5720
5588
. 5553
5763
5682
5383
5474
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
OF EIGHT CYL
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.1
3.7
7.6
8.8
5.5
9.6
9.3
18.2
12.2
14.2
16.4
21.2

28.4
20.5 .1
21.9
23.2
19.3
24.1
27.9
28.3 .3
33.6 .3
26.1 .3
INDER CARS:
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
1.6
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
.8
1.1
3.9
3.5
3.2
2.5
4.3
4.4
6.2
7.2

6.7
5.1
3.7
5.3
6.1
6.5
6.7
5.2
7.5
6.3
LOCK



9.5
12.9
40.5
80.4
90.8
95.5
95.8
96.0
93.2
92.4
91.5
90.3

91.4
92.7
94.3
92.8
92.3
91.4
93.3
94.8
92.5
93.6
FUEL
FI
.7
1.4
1.1
1.9
2.2
4.4
13.8
10.4
35.4
37.6
47.4
48.4
55.9
76.2
90.9

96.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI





3.0
13.0
9.1
34.4
32.5
42.4
12.2
13.9
19.8
36.9

10.1
29.1
21.4
15.3






PORT
.7
1.4
1.1
1.9
2.2
1.4
.8
1.3
1.0
5.2
5.1
36.2
42.0
56.4
54.0

85.9
70.9
78.6
84.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

CARS
99.3
98.6
98.9
97.5
95.3
85.8
69.5
77.9
62.4
61.7
52.5
51.6
44.1
23.8
9.1
1
4.0









FOUR
DSL VALVE



.6
2.6
9.8
16.8
11.7
2.2
.7
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2

7.8
7.4
8.1
16.6
21.9
35.3
36.2
44.6
53.3
38.7
VEHICLE
SMALL
27.0
29.9
30.6
14.2
13.3
9.9
8.8
16.7
12.7
17.7
14.9
19.8
20.8
23.3
22.2

16.4
19.5
15.1
14.2
18.6
18.6
14.1
12.4
22.1
18.4
SIZE
MID
37.0
37.4
32.7
46.8
42.8
46.4
39.9
27.3
26.6
24.6
26.4
31.7
29.1
17.1
10.6

17.6
16.2
14.6
19.5
25.7
27.4
19.4
29.8
22.4
17.5

LARGE
36.0
32.7
36.7
39.0
43.9
43.7
51.3
55.9
60.7
57.7
58.8
48.4
50.1
59.6
67.2

66.0
64.3
70.3
66.3
55.6
54.1
66.4
57.8
55.5
64.1
DESIGNED
DOM
99.6
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.6
99.2
99.2
98.7
99.0
98.9
98.4
97.4
96.7
97.5
97.4

91.1
91.3
91.0
91.5
91.2
90.8
93.9
85.6
83.1
84.9

EUR ASIA
.4
.2
.2
.3
.4
.8
.8
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.6

2.3
2.4
2.1
3.1
4.3
5.2
2.0
9.0
10.7
10.6
















6.6
6.4
6.9
5.4
4.6
4.0
4.1
5.4
6.3
4.6
                                                                                                             F-4

-------
Table F-5
                                                   Appendix F




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975  TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
FOUR CYLINDER TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
221
225
306
342
481
584
522
517
744
1083
1253
1802
1539
1247
1121
770
907
726
693
921
936
772
978
979
943

FRAC
.112
.086
.108
.105
.156
.314
.287
.270
.324
.324
.342
.414
.372
.274
.253
.202
.224
.179
.146
.168
.163
.147
.157
.149
.138
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT
CITY HWY 55/45 LB
18.7 27.1 21.7 2856
20.4 29.6 23.7 2831
22.9 32.4 26.4 2824
23.3 31.1 26.2 2849
20.3 27.9 23.1 2850
21.5 28.9 24.3 2842
24.2 32.5 27.3 2861
24.4 32.3 27.4 2897
24.1 32.3 27.2 2924
23.4 31.3 26.4 3064
23.2 30.9 26.1 3157
23.2 31.4 26.3 3159
23.2 31.6 26.4 3122
23.4 31.7 26.6 .3123
23.0 31.1 26.0 3184
23.5 31.6 26.5 3155
23.2 31.2 26.2 3242
23.1 31.4 26.2 3246
23.2 31.5 26.3 3240
23.4 31.9 26.6 3309
23.0 31.4 26.2 3356
23.4 32.9 26.9 3378
23.4 32.2 26.7 3418
23.1 32.3 26.5 3447
23.3 32.3 26.7 3473
ENGINE
CID
120
117
122
120
123
124
130
132
135
135
141
139
139
139
143
141
143
141
140
139
142
137
137
139
140
HP
88
89
90
88
84
86
84
86
87
90
97
97
97
97
104
108
109
110
111
112
121
124
124
129
132
0-60
TIME
14.8
14.7
14.3
14.7
15.0
14.7
15.2
15.1
14.9
15.1
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.5
13.9
13.4
13.7
13.5
13.4
13.5
12.9
12.7
12.8
12.5
12.4
TOP
SPD
104
105
106
104
103
104
103
103
103
103
105
105
105
105
108
110
109
110
110
110
113
114
113
115
116
HP/ HP/
CID WT
.740 .0311
.756 .0316
.747 .0322
.730 .0309
.687 .0296
.699 .0305
.648 .0294
.651 .0298
.649 .0298
.666 .0294
.691 .0309
.698 .0309
.698 .0310
.698 .0310
.725 .0326
.767 .0344
.763 .0336
.783 .0340
.793 .0344
.805 .0340
.859 .0363
.906 .0368
.903 .0363
.934 .0376
.952 .0382
TON
-MPG
31.2
33.7
37.6
37.7
33.6
35.1
39.9
40.4
40.4
40.8
41.5
41.7
41.3
41.6
41.6
42.1
42.6
42.7
42.9
44.2
44.3
45.7
45.8
45.9
46.5

















































._




OF FOUR CYLINDER TRUCKS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT





4.5
6.4
6.2
4.2
15.1
20.7
14.1
10.4
7.8
16.8
10.6
5.5
12.0
8.0
5.0
6.7
9.8
9.4
10.6
9.3
4WD



6.8
20.5
22.2
24.5
23.3
19.2
21.3
21.7
24.7
26.4
26.8
21.7
23.8
19.0
18.8
20.5
18.9
28.5
18.8
29.0
27.2
32.1
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI
83.7 .5
81.4 .7
82.3 .7
88.1 .8
86.4 1.8
90.0 5.3
92 . 9 3.9
88.9 2.1 2.4
84.8 1.4 2.0
75.9 7.3 7.9
65.9 12.1 27.7
72.6 10.8 34.8 18.5
73.4 12.1 38.9 23.0
76.9 12.0 60.4 30.7
68.5 13.2 79.2 41.6
75.3 20.9 85.2 24.0
69.7 28.1 93.1 29.7
69.2 28.8 91.4 22.2
72.4 25.3 93.5 17.5
75.7 18.8 97.8 10.1
71.0 26.8 100.0 9.2
64.0 32.5 100.0
59.3 38.4 100.0
57.1 39.6 100.0
55.7 42.1 100.0
PORT











16.3
15.9
29.8
37.7
61.3
63.4
69.1
75.9
87.6
90.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.2
98.2
92.8
80.6
82.0
92.5
88.8
71.1
64.4
60.8
39.6
20.8
14.8
6.9
8.6
6.5
2.2





FOUR
DSL VALVE





1.
15.
15.
5.
3.
1.
.
.

















9
5
6
6
3
2
8
2





1.2
3.1
19.2
40.2
39.6
57.8
60.7
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
74.7 25.3
75.8 24.2
78.5 21.5
78.0 22.0
78.2 21.8
83.1 16.9
75.0 25.0
72.0 28.0
46.1 . 53.9
48.0 52.0
48.1 51.9
47.1 51.7
42.3 57.5
37.4 62.5
33.9 66.0
44.3 55.6
41.1 58.8
47.1 52.8
53.5 46.5
46.9 52.9
45.2 51.0
40.0 58.9
40.5 59.3
40.3 59.6
44.0 56.0
DESIGNED
LARGE











1.2
.3






.2
3.8
1.0
.2
.1

DOM




2.7
2.7
2.6
12.9
34.1
32.5
42.2
30.7
29.7
38.6
45.0
34.8
39.2
36.3
38.3
52.1
48.5
51.8
50.0
46.1
43.6
IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
97.3
97.4
87.1
65.9
67.5
57.8
69.3
70.3
61.4
55.0
65.2
60.8
63.7
61.7
47.9
51.5
48.2
50.0
53.9
56.4
 F-5

-------
                                                   Appendix F
Table F-6

 MODEL
 YEAR
       I;
  1993
  1994
  1995
SALES
<000)

   11
    0
    2
FRAC

.002
.000
.000
                              CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DDTT VEHICLES
                                                                                            FIVE CYLINDER TRUCKS
       FUEL ECONOMY
       CITY  HWY  55/45
18.6
17.5
17.3
25.1
24.6
23.3
21.0
20.1
19.6
WGHT
 LB

4157
4260
5000
                         ENGINE
                         CID  HP
                              0-60 TOP
                              TIME SPD
150
150
150
109
109
109
16.6
16.8
19.1
103
102
 98
 HP/
 CID

.726
.722
.726
 HP/
 WT

.0260
.0238
.0215
 PERCENT OF FIVE CYLINDER TRUCKS:
 TON
-MPG

43.7
42.8
48.9
 MODEL
 YEAR

  1993
  1994
  1995
 DRIVETRAIN
 FRONT  4HD

100.0
100.0
100.0
      TRANSMISSION
      MANUAL  LOCK
               FUEL METERING
               FI    TBI  PORT
                          CARB   DSL
                                      FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE        DESIGNED
                                      VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE   DOM IMPORT
        35.7  64.3  100.0
        48.0  52.0  100.0
        43.8  56.2  100.0
                         100.0
                         100.0
                         100.0
                                                   100.0
                                                   100.0
                                                         100.0
                                                               100.0
                                                               100.0
                                                               100.0
                                                                                                             F-6

-------
Table F-7
                                                   Appendix F




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
SIX CYLINDER TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000).
272
445
410
558
515
555
636
642
751
1200
1217
1379
1689
2063
2104
1951
2386
2488
3041
3167
3296
3144
3120
3521
3459
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.137
.170
.145
.171
.167
.298
.350
.336
.327
.359
.332
.317
.409
.453
.474
.513
.589
.612
.640
.578
.573
.598
.501
.537
.507
CITY
14.9
16.1
16.6
16.1
15.7
16.7
17.5
18.4
18.3
18.0
18.5
18.2
18.5
18.5
18.4
18.4
18.3
18.0
18.2
18.1
17.9
18.1
18.1
18.2
18.2
HWY
19.7
21.2
21.4
20.7
19.6
22.3
23.4
25.2
25.8
25.5
26.7
25.7
26.8
27.1
26.6
26.9
26.9
26.6
27.2
26.8
26.8
27.3
27.1
27.3
27.2
55/45
16.8
18.1
18.4
17.9
17.2
18.8
19.7
20.9
21.1
20.8
21.5
20.9
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.1
21.4
21.2
21.1
21.4
21.3
21.4
21.4
.WGHT
LB
3960
3936
3956
3973
4066
4016
3956
3693
3754
3729
3704
3793
3756
3779
3887
3952
3989
4049
4027
4090
4123
4156
4172
4169
4205
ENGINE
CID
269
267
271
273
264
268
272
243
229
221
216
218
214
218
227
220
228
228
225
228
232
232
230
228
228
HP
102
102
110
116
122
118
119
113
112
110
117
129
141
146
148
147
153
155
160
164
165
172
177
182
183
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
16.9 102
16.7 102
15.9 104
15.2 106
14.8 108
15.1 106
14.8 107
14.6 107
15.0 106
15.1 106
14.4 108
13.6 112
12.6 116
12.2 118
12.4 118
12.6 117
12.3 118
12.4 118
12.0 120
11.9 121
12.0 121
11.6 123
11.4 124
11.1 126
11.2 126
HP/
CID
.383
.387
.407
.426
.465
.445
.441
.481
.510
.523
.561
.623
.680
.689
.674
.687
.684
.693
.723
.730
.722
.753
.775
.805
.812
HP/
WT
.0257
.0260
.0278
.0291
.0301
.0294
.0302
.0309
.0300
.0297
.0316
.0343
.0378
.0389
.0383
.0375
.0385
.0385
.0401
.0404
.0402
.0418
.0426
.0438
.0436
TON
-MPG
33.5
36.0
36.9
35.9
35.4
38.0
39.2
38.7
39.7
38.9
39.9
39.7
40.5
40.9
41.8
42.5
42.7
42.9
43.2
43.5
43.6
44.6
44.6
44.8
45.0
  PERCENT OF SIX CYLINDER TRUCKS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT












8.7
15.2
11.9
26.1
14.5
18.8
21.4
22.2
29.0
31.2
24.3
32.5
31.4
4WD
5.1
10.7
14.2
14.6
19.5
18.3
14.5
12.8
32.4
41.2
43.0
37.8
36.2
35.5
35.0
31.8
41.6
33.6
29.1
37.0
39.4
35.0
37.6
37.3
39.3
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
18.8
35.5
32.4
32.0
61.0
61.9
57.3
52.5
48.5
41.4
37.7
33.3
26.7
26.5
25.6
20.1
23.3
21.5
18.1
17.4
12.8
8.9
10.6
8.2
8.9
LOCK




3.4
20.8
24.3
31.2
36.3
36.1
51.9
54.4
66.3
67.5
69.5
76.9
75.7
77.6
81.0
82.0
86.6
90.6
89.4
91.8
91.1
FUEL
FI










.5
58.3
89.8
98.5
98.3
98.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI










.5
34.7
36.5
38.2
39.2
32.0
40.5
27.8
18.5
14.9
8.5




PORT GARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.3
99.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5
23.5 41.6
53.2 10.2
60.3 1.5
59.1 1.7
66.6 1.4
59.5
72.2
81.5
85.1
91.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FOUR VEHICLE SIZE
DSL VALVE SMALL
3.0
8.3
10.4
.2 9.4
.7 10.9
.9 6.4
4.6
4.8
5.1
11.0
8.4
.1 12.6
10.1
10.5
11.3
8.6
3.7
3.2
1.6
3.9 3.0
8.7 2.1
7.5 1.1
9.5 7.1
10.2 2.8
13.4 3.4
MID
22.4
15.6
11.1
12.9
13.4
14.8
12.5
39.1
53.4
52.6
62.7
61.0
75.3
74.5
73.8
77.5
84.6
82.2
83.0
83.0
86.4
88.5
79.3
85.5
86.6
LARGE
74.6
76.1
78.5
77.7
75.8
78.8
82.9
56.2
41.5
36.4
28.8
26.4
14.6
15.0
14.9
13.9
11.7
14.6
15.4
13.9
11.5
10.5
13.6
11.7
10.1
DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
98.1
96.1
97.2
99.2
99.7
99.7
99.5
99.5
99.6
99.5
96.8
96.4
95.5
91.4
87.5
88.8
89.7
87.4
84.6
81.8
87.1
83.2
83.7
80.5
IMPORT

1.9
3.9
2.8
.8
.3
.3
.5
.5
.4
.5
3.2
3.6
4.5
8.6
12.5
11.2
10.3
12.6
15.4
18.2
12.9
16.8
16.3
19.5
 F-7

-------
                                                   Appendix r
Table F-8
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTT VEHICLES
                                                                                            EIGHT CYLINDER TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
197S
1976
1977
1978
1979

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1490
1938
2105
2372
2092

723
662
754
804
1062
1198
1169
906
1249
1210
1084
756
851
1009
1393
1515
1338
2126
2054
2420

FRAC
.750
.742
.745
.725
.677
"!;
.388
.364
.394
.350
.317
.327
.269
.219
.274
.273
.285
.187
.209
.212*
.254
.264
.255
.342
.313
.355
FUEL
CITY
11.2
11.8
12.9
12.6
12.1

13.7
14.9
15.2
15.0
14.4
14.3
14.9
14.6
14.9
14.7
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.8
14.8
14.7
14.9
15.3
14.8
14.8
ECONOMY
HWY
14.9
15.5
16.6
15.9
14.9

18.2
20.1
20.4
20.5
19.9
19.6
20.6
20.4
21.3
21.3
21.6
21.7
21.9
22.4
22.1
21.9
22.5
23.2
22.6
22.3
55/45
12.6
13.2
14.4
13. 9
13.2
1,
15.4
ie.9
17.2
17.0
16.5
16.3
17.1
16.7
17.2
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.5
17.4
17.2
17.6
18.0
17.6
17.4
WGHT
LB
4275
4361
4362
4381
4620

4585
4405
4526
4547
4573
4555
4563
4637
4662
4664
4704
4667
4765
4783
4779
4828
4876
4987
4994
5133
ENGINE
CID
347
355
356
352
347

333
315
319
321
320
318
315
323
329
330
335
332
331
332
334
334
331
320
319
320
HP
157
155
163
161
154

151
145
150
151
154
159
157
171-
178
i82
189
190
192
203
206
202
225
228
233
239
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
12.8 117
13.1 116
12.7 118
12.7 118
14.0 114

13.9 113
13.9 112
13.9 113
13.8 114
13.7 114
13.3 116
13.5 115
12.9 118
12.5 120
12.3 122
12.0 123
:il.8 124
12.0 124
11.4 127
11.2 128
11.5 126
10.7 132
10.7 132
10.5 134
10.6 134
HP/
CID
.451
.436
.457
.457
.445

.453
.462
.473
.476
.485
.501
.498
.527
.538
.550
.562
.572
.578
.611
.619
.608
.681
.715
.731
.749
HP/
WT
.0369
.0358
.0374
.0369
.0336

.0328
.0328
.0332
.0334
.0338
.0350
.0344
.0368
.0381
.0392
.0402
.0408
.0405
.0427
.0435
.0422
.0464
.0460
.0469
.0470
TON
-MPG
27.1
28.9
31.5
30.8
30.9

35.9
37.6
39.9
39.7
38.3
37.5
39.2
39.0
40.2
40.0
40.3
40.0
40.9
41.8
41.6
41.6
42.8
45.1
43.8
44.8
  PERCENT OF EIGHT CYLINDER TRUCKS:
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1975
   1976
   1977
   1978
   1979

   1980
   1981
   1982
   1983
   1984

   1985
   1986
   1987
   1988
   1989

   1990
   1991
   1992
   1993
   1994

   1995
   1996
   1997
   1998
   1999
DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI    TBI  PORT
                 CARB
   .  FOUR
DSL  VALVE
21.8
28.4
28.9
35.5
17.0
32.5
22.0
24.0
25.6
29.3
27.4
29.9
31.3
36.1
36.3
35.6
35.0
35.9
37.1
46.7
51.0
52.6
57.6
62.9
63.4
33.4
29.2
24.5
24.4
17.0
16.3
13.6
10.2
7.4
8.5
6.5
7.
7.
9.
11.
9.
8.
8.
5.
4.
6.
3.
2.
2.
2.
6
8
0
8
2
9
6
1
3
1
4
8
9
1
2.2
47.3
62.1
56.3
68.2
62.4
63.8
75.7
60.1
70.2
75.1
83.3
88.3
90.1
94.6
94.9
93.4
96.2
97.0
97.1
97.9
8
.1


28.5
71
97
98
98
98
99
100
100
100
99
99
99
100
.7
.2
.4
.8
.8
.6
.0
.0
.0
.7
.9
.9
.0
46.
68.
68.
68.
68.
54.
53.
50.
52.




1
5
0
5
0
9
0
5
5





28
25
28
30
30
30
44
47
49
47
99
99
99
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.9
97.5
93.4
96.8
87.0
91.7
96.0
89.9
.4 70.2
.7 27.5
.8 2.1
.4 1.0
.3 .6
.9 .5
.7
.0
.5
.5' '
.7
.9
.9
.0
1.1
2.5
6.6
3.2
13.0
8.3 '
4.0
2.0
1.3
.8
.7
.6
.6
.7
.4



.3
.1
.1














.6
1.4
iHICLE SIZE
[ALL MID LARGE
2.6
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.0
.3












.1
.1

.1


24
21
21
25
20
20
20
26
31
33
30
28
33
23
26
27
22
20
24
21
21
21
12
11
10
.4
.0
.9
.1
.4
.3
.8
.2
.4
.8
.5
.7
.7
.2
.3
.9
.3
.6
.3
.4
.3
.5
.6
.1
.9
73
77
76
73
77
78
78
73
68
66
69
71
66
76
73
72
77
79
75
78
78
78
87
88
89
.0
.9
.7
.2
.7
.6
.9
.8
.6
.2
.5
.3
.3
.8
.7
.1
.7
.4
.7
.5
.6
.5
.3
.9
.1
DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
98
98
98
98
97
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
.7
.6
.6
.5
.6
.6
.4
.6
.2
.9
.1
.1












.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.4
.4
.6
1.4
1.8
1.1
1.9
2.9
                                                                                                             F-8

-------
Table 6-1
                                                    Appendix 6




                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1986 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTX VEHICLES
TWO VALVE CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
10490
9155
8601
7575
5906
5593
5367
5458
4964
4402
3384
3464
3148
2875

FRAC
.952
.853
.801
.756
.670
.656
.662
.645
.591
.468
.429
.415
.390
.365
F0EL
CITY
23.6
23.2
23.6
23.0
22.4
22.5
22.2
23.0
22.6
22.5
22.5
22.8
22.5
22.1
ECONOMY
HWY
35.4
35.3
36.1
35.8
35.5
35.8
35.8
36.8
36.5
37.1
36.9
37.3
37.3
36.2
55/45
27.8
27.4
27.9
27.4
26.9
27.0
26.8
27.6
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.6
27.4
26.8
WGHT
LB
3053
3085
3109
3180
3292
3271
3333
3259
3325
3364
3394
3358
3383
3461
VOL
CU-FT
108.0
108.5
109.2
110.5
111.2
111.2
112.4
111.7
111.7
112.9
112.1
112.5
111.4
112.8
ENGINE
CID
170
171
171
177
182
184
190
183
188
194
193
188
192
200
HP
111
115
118
123
129
134
142
137
141
155
157
157
162
166
0-60
TIME
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.4
12.1
11.7
11.8
11.7
11.1
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.6
TOP
SPD
111
112
113
115
116
118
120
119
120
124
125
125
127
127
HP/
CID
.687
.706
.719
.723
.732
.749
.770
.765
.764
.808
.823
.842
.848
.838
HP/
WT
.0357
.0366
.0374
.0382
.0389
.0404
.0421
.0414
.0418
.0453
.0457
.0460
.0473
.0474
TON
-MPG
42.6
42.5
43.6
43.7
44.4
44.4
44.7
45.1
45.5
46.1
46.4
46.5
46.4
46.5
CU-FT
-MPG
3064
3034
3111
3077
3031
3058
3054
3134
3097
3144
3105
3143
3084
3057
C0-FT-
TON-MPG
4612
4625
4776
4843
4948
4951
5050
5064
5094
5220
5219
5235
5185
5254
  PERCENT OF TWO VALVE CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
70.4
74.2
78.4
79.8
82.9
81.5
81.3
83.2
80.2
78.9
78.9
82.1
84.8
78.7
4WD
1.1
1.2
.8
.7
.4
.3
.6
1.0
.9
.1
.5
.5
.1

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
22.8
20.7
19.4
15.2
11.1
11.5
9.9
11.7
10.7
10.9
11.2
10.4
10.2
11.7
LOCK
59.2
61.2
68.7
72.4
78.5
80.6
81.6
82.1
84.5
88.0
87.3
88.1
84.3
88.3
FUEL
FI
65.1
77.4
90.0
94.4
99.4
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.3
99.3
METERING
TBI
29.9
35.8
35.2
31:0
25.0
25.9
12.8
11.1
8.5
2.5
2.6
1.9
.5
.1
PORT
35.3
41.7
54.8
63.4
74.4
73.9
87.1
88.9
91.5
97.5
97.3
98.0
98.8
99.1
CARB
34.6
22.3
10.0
5.6
.6









DSL
.3
.3

.1
.1
.2
.1



.1
.1
.7
.7
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
57.5
57.4
57.9
46.9
42.1
45.4
44.1
47.7
47.9
42.1
41.7
41.7
39.7
38.4
MID
29.3
28.5
26.3
35.4
38.9
36.0
32.7
33.3
30.5
37.1
38.6
36.1
43.3
38.1
LARGE
13.1
14.1
15.9
17.7
18.9
18.6
23.2
18.9
21.6
20.9
19.7
22.2
17.1
23.5
DESIGNED
DOM
71.7
72.2
75.0
79.6
82.7
84.8
84.8
89.7
84.8
92.4
91.0
91.7
94.7
94.0
EUR
6.5
7.4
6.9
6.3
6.0
5.1
3.9
2.1
2.1
3.6
5.2
4.6
4.6
5.7
ASIA
21.8
20.4
18.1
14.2
11.3
10.2
11.3
8.2
13.0
4.0
3.8
3.6
.8
.2
 G-l

-------
                         '..Si
Table G-2
                                                    Appendix 8




                               CHARACTERISTICS  OF 1986 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
THREE VALVE CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL
(000) FRAC
349 .
975 .
1017 .
1161 .
639 .
526 .
330 .
225 .
163 .
102 .
74 .
71 .
Ill .
141 .
OF THREE
032
091
095
116
073
062
041
027
019
Oil
009
009
014
018
CITY
27.9
30.2
28.2
26.8
27.0
27.7
26.8
30.7
30.8
32.0
31.4
32.0
26.7
24.6
HWY 55/45 LB CO-FT
39.8 32.2 2668 96.7
41.4 34.4 2524 93.4
39.4 32.4 2689 99.4
38.5 31.0 2788 100.3
39.0 31.4 2738 98.5
39.4 32.0 2692 100.7
38.1 30.9 2785 101.5
42.1 35.0 2472 96.5
41.4 34.9 2501 97.4
45.9 37.1 2475 99.6
45.2 36.4 2478 100.7
47.0 37.4 2500 100.6
40.3 31.5 3087 104.1
38.5 29.4 3362 iOO.O
ENGINE
CID
115
101
109
117
117
111
120
93
95
90
91
90
138
168
HP
102
82
93
105
106
102
ll2
92
92
91
91
91
149
180
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
12.3 112
14.4 104
13.6 108
12.5 112
12.3 113
12.5 112
12.0 114
12.6 110
12.9 109
12.7 109
12.7 109
12.7 109
11.1 124
10.2 132
HP/
CID
.888
.799
.850
.902
.911
.928
.938
.984
.962
1.004
1.002
1.006
1.055
1.062
HP/
WT
.0382
.0322
.0343
.0375
.0385
.0376
.0395
.0369
.0364
.0367
.0366
.0364
.0461
.0512
TON C0-FT
-MPG -MPG
43.1 3117
43.6 3223
43.7 3247
43.5 3156
43.2 3139
43.2 3254
43.1 3200
43.5 3421
43.7 3445
46.0 3705
45.1 3670
47.0 3778
48.3 3342
49.2 3038
C'U-Ff-
TON-MP(
4180
4069
4347
4366
"4259
4353
4387
4198
4260
4580
4544
4723
5048
4937
VALVE CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
100.0
99.4
95.9
92.2
89.0
98.2
90.9
99.1
93.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
55.0
37.9
4WD

.6
1.3
.1
.8
1.2
.1
.9




5.0
4.4
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL
60.5
53.7
49.8
44.5
49.1
41.9
40.1
52.1
10.4
35.8
32.1
38.8
17.5
11.6
LOCK FI TBI PORT
39.5 48.4 48.4
46.3 18.9 18.9
50.1 27.7 27.7
54.5 70.0 21.2 48.9
46.5 86.1 25.7 60.4
51.0 99.5 13.7 85.8
59.9 99.8 99.8
28.7 100.0 7.1 92.9
33.9 100.0 100.0
35.7 100.0 100.0
38.3 100.0 100.0
61.2 100.0 100.0
82.5 100.0 100.0
88.4 100. 0 100.0
CARB
51.6
81.1
72.3
30.0
13.9
.5
.2







,
i













VEHICLE SIZE
DSL SMALL
100.0
100.0
86.5
89.1
84.1
80.3
80.6
100.0
93.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
72.5
66.3
MID LARGE


13.5
10.9
15.9
19.7
19.4

6.7



27.5
33.7
DESIGNED
DOM














EUR ASIA
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.0 55.0
62.1 37.9
,


-

1,1









                                                                                                               G-2

-------
Table G-3
                                                   Appendix S




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1986 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
FOUR VALVE CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
176
601
1117
1282
2264
2405
2411
2773
3275
4891
4435
4803
4752
4750
OF FOUR
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC
.016
.056
.104
.128
.257
.282
.297
.328
.390
.521
.562
.575
.588
.603
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID
23.9 34.7 27.8 -3032 89.0 125
25.9 37.2 30.0 3025 98.4 123
26.7 38.2 30.9 2889 97.1 120
26.2 37.7 30.4 2901 97.9 120
25.3 36.4 29.3 2997 98.6 125
25.6 36.8 29.6 2983 97.8 125
24.9 37.0 29.2 3094 100.3 130
24.5 36.9 28.9 3165 102.9 138
24.5 37.3 29.0 3177 103.5 140
24.5 38.0 29.1 3187 105.1 144
24.3 37.9 29.0 3209 106.7 145
24.2 38.0 29.0 3225 106.0 147
24.7 38.7 29.5 '3257 107.1 146
24.2 38.0 28.9 3331 108.0 151
HP
144
126
119
124
133
133
140
145
148
151
153
156
158
165
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
10
11
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
.6 124
.8 118
.0 116
.5 118
.3. 120
.2 121
.1 122
.0 123
.9 124
.6 125
.7 126
.6 127
.5 127
.4 128
HP/
CID
1.150
T.026
.983
1.027
1.060
1.071
1.077
1.052
1.060
1.066
1.060
1.069
1.085
1.095
HP/
WT
.0469
.0412
.0404
.0422
.0436
.0441
.0446
.0450
.0456
.0468
.0470
.0477
.0479
.0488
TON
-MPG
42.5
45.8
44.9
44.3
44.1
44.4
45.4
46.0
46.2
46.6
46.6
46.8
48.3
48.4
CU-FT
-MPG
2487
3021
3063
3029
2933
2953
2986
3029
3048
3106
3131
3109
3204
3170
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
3754
4518
4367
4340
4357
4356
4561
4726
4782
4897
4979
4972
5176
5240
VALVE CARS:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
56.6
84.6
94.2
90.0
88.0
84.1
78.4
87.7
89.8
84.3
92.2
89.7
90.1
90.5
4WD


.8
3.1
2.5
3.9
2.3
1.6
.3
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.9
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING

MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT CARS
72.2 23.1 100.0 100.0
43.4 54.8 93.2 93.2 6.
38.1 60.9 86.5 17.4 69.1 13.
33.7 64.5 84.1 15.6 68.5 15.
33.7 65.7 100.0 9.6 90.4
36.8 62.0 100.0 14.3 85.7
30.6 67.1 100.0 6.4 93.6
27.1 70.6 100.0 3.4 96.6
24.2 73.9 100.0 100.0
20.5 77.3 99.9 99.9
17.4 81.4 99.9 99.9
15.2 84.6 99.9 99.9
15.7 83.7 99.9 99.9
14.5 84.9 99.9 99.9

8
5
9











DSL









.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
VEHICLE
SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
94.8
97.7
98.7
97.4 1
94.2 5
94.8 4
80.9 18
72.4 24
72.8 20
70.2 21
63.2 27
63.9 27
53.5 39
49.0 40
5.2
2.3
.1 1.2
.8 .8
.5 .3
.9 .4
.2 1.0
.4 3.2
.5 6.7
.7 8.1
.5 9.2
.3 8.9
.1 7.4
.4 10.6
DESIGNED
DOM


10.7
13.7
5.3
2.2
7.1
7.5
14.5
29.2
33.5
29.5
32.6
33.2
EUR
27.9
11.3
7.5
5.9
3.6
4.4
5.1
6.4
7.1
7.1
5.2
7.8
7.6
7.7
ASIA
72.1
88.7
81.7
80.4
91.0
93.4
87.8
86.1
78.5
63.7
61.4
62.7
59.8
59.1



.











G-3

-------
                                                          Appendix 6
      Table G-4
        MODEL
         1995
         1996
         1997
         1998
         1999
                SALES
                {000 )  FRAC
   9
  66
 110
.001
.008
.014
                                      CHARACTERISTIC!* OF 1995 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
             FUEL ECONOMY
             CITY  HWY  55/45
                          WGHT  VOL   ENGINE
                           LB  CO-FT  CID  HP
   0  .000   11.1  19.2  13.7   4000  50.0  213  375
   0  .000   11.1  19.6  13.8   3500  50.0  2l3  375
21.4
21.2
21.2
35.7
36.3
35.8
26.1
26.1-
26.0
3352  98.0
3579 109.2
3589 109.6
116
148
147
                              0-60 TOP      HP/
                              TIME SPD      CID
       6.1 191
       5.5 203
166   10.4 129
179   10.0 131
178   10.1 131
                                                              HP/
                                                              WT
                                                                                                          FIVE VALVE CARS
                                                                TON  CU-FT  CU-FT-
                                                               -MPG  -MPG  TON-MPG
1.760
1.759
1.403
1.230
1.231
.0926
.1049
.0492
.0498
.0494
27.3
24.1
45.2
47.0
46.9
683
689
2697
2883
2882
1366
1207
4502
5150
5155
        PERCENT OF FIVE VALVE CARS:
        MODEL
        YEAR

         1995
         1996
         1997
         1998
         1999
DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
                      FUEL METERING
                      FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
29.6
55.3
52.0
63.4
44.1
47.5
100.0
100.0
 39.4
 39.4
 34.7
 60.6
 60.3
 65.1
 ipb.o
 100.0
 ioo. o
 100.0
 100.0
      100.0
      100.0
      100.0
      100.0
      100.0
             VEHICLE SIZE
        DSL  SMALL  MID LARGE

            100. 0
            100.0
            100. 0
             35.9  64.1
             39.8  60.2
                           DESIGNED
                           DOM   EUR  ASIA

                               100.0
                               100.0
                               100.0
                               100.0
                               100.0
' Illl
 .: f
                                                                                                                     ,,G-4

-------
 Table  G-5
                                                    Appendix 6

                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1994 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTT VEHICLES
  MODEL
  YEAR
SALES
(000)  FRAC
 FUEL ECONOMY
 CITY  HWY  55/45
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
5172
5265
4604
5397
5556
5710
.944
.916
.876
.867
.848
.837
17.9
17.5
17.4
17.3
17.0
16.7
26.3
26.0
26.3
26.0
25.7
25.2
20.9
20.5
20.5
20.3
20.1
19.7
4136
4199
4310
4435
4424
4547
    WGHT  VOL   ENGINE
     LB  CU-FT  CID  HP
                                                       243  166
                                                       250  168
                                                       255  182
                                                       259  191
                                                       258  195
                                                       264  201
          0-60 TOP
          TIME SPD
                                                        12.0 121
                                                        12.0 121
                                                        11.5 125
                                                        11.4 126
                                                        11.1 127
                                                        11.1 128
 HP/
 CID

.705
.698
.730
.747
.767
.768
 HP/
 WT

.0401
.0401
.0423
.0430
.0440
.0440
                                                                                                TWO VALVE TRUCKS
 TON
-MPG

43.4
43.4
44.6
45.3
44.6
45.0
  PERCENT OF TWO VALVE TRUCKS:
  MODEL
  YEAR
 DRIVETRAIN
 FRONT  4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL  LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI    TBI  PORT
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
14
18
21
14
19
16
.3
.7
.3
.0
.2
.8
33
38
36
42
43
45
.9
.0
.6
.2
.2
.8
23
20
12
13
10
10
.4
.0
.6
.2
.5
.5
75.1
79.4
86.9
86.7
89.5
89.5
99
100
99
100
100
100
.6
.0
.9
.0
.0
.0
24.5
22.1




75.1
77.9
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
            VEHICLE SIZE
CARS   DSL  SMALL  MID LARGE
                                                                .1
        DESIGNED
        DOM IMPORT
9.1
7.6

4.8
1.6
1.6
61.7
62.8
71.1
53.9
59.3
55.9
29.1
29.7
28.9
41.3
39.1
42.5
87.8
88.3
95.9
95.4
96.7
96.4
12.2
11.7
4.1
4.6
3.3
3.6
G-5

-------
                                                    Appendix S
Table G-6

  MODEL
  YEAR

   1994
   1995
   1996
   1997
   1998
   1999
SALES
(000)

  156
   16
  103
  144
   59
   42
                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1994 TO 1999 LISHT-DOTT VEHICLES
       FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC   CITY  HHY  55/45

.029   16.4  23.1
.003   17.7  26.8
.020   21.4  29.6
.023   21.5  29.3
.009   18.2  27.0
.006   17.8  25.3
WGHT
 LB
ENGINE
CID  HP
'0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
  PERCENT OF THREE VALVE TRUCKS:
 TON
-MPG
18.
20.
24.
24.
21.
20.
9
9
4
4
4
6
4119
4089
3465
3426
4771
5000
179
180
151
149
191
220
150
152
136
136
198
235
12
12
11
11
11
10
.8
.6
.9
.8
.7
.6
116
117
118
1-18
125
134




1
1
.837
.844
.907
.911
.033
.073
.0365
.0372
.0399
.0401
.0413
.0469
39.0
42.7
42.3
41.8
51.1
51.5
                                                                                                THREE VALVE TRUCKS
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1994
   1995
   1996
   1997
   1998
   1999
 DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
91
100
19
22
81
100
.3
.0
.2
.2
.2
.0
36.4

66
72



.0
.3


63
100
34
27
100
100
.6
.0
.0
.7
.0
.0
100
100
100
100
loo
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
                      FUEL METERING
                      FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                         VEHICLE SIZE
                    DSL  SMALL  MID LARGE
                                                   31.4

                                                   85.9
                                                   90.8
                               61.1
                              100.0
                               14.1
                                9.2
                               27.1
                                                                       7.4
                                                               72-. 9
                                                              100.0
                                     DESIGNED
                                     DOM IMPORT

                                         100.0
                                         100.0
                                         100.0
                                         100.0
                                         100.0
                                         100.0
                                                                                                               G-6

-------
Table G-7

 MODEL
 YEAR
                                                    Appendix G

                              CHARACTERISTICS OF 1994 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
SALES
(000)
                 FRAC
 FUEL ECONOMY
 CITY  HWY  55/45
    WGHT
     LB
ENGINE
CID  HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
  PERCENT  OF FOUR VALVE TRUCKS:
  MODEL
  YEAR
 DRIVETRAIN
 FRONT  4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL  LOCK
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
5.9
7.2
13.9
13.5
19.1
20.2
65.5
68.8
44.3
52.7
45.0
50.4
27.8
27.4
31.6
22.6
34.4
26.6
72.2
69.7
63.5
74.2
62.1
71.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL METERING
FI    TBI  PORT
                                                 100.0
                                                 100.0
                                                 100.0
                                                 100.0
                                                 100.0
                                                 100.0
                                                        CARB
                                                               DSL
                  VEHICLE SIZE
                  SMALL  MID LARGE
                                                                                       F00R VALVE TRUCKS
 TON
-MPG
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
152
468
547
683
940
1069
.028
.081
.104
.110
.143
.157
17.5
18.0
20.3
20.3
21.1
21.0
23.8
24.8
27.7
27.7
29.3
29.2
19.9
20.5
23.1
23.1
24.2
24.1
4070
4017
3653
3703
3675
3800
191
180
164
164
162
166
172
160
156
156
159
167
11.4 123
12.0 120
11.4 122
11.5 122
11.3 123
11.1 125
.907
.895
.958
.964
.990
1.019
.0419
.0399
.0424
.0419
.0431
.0440
40.6
41.4
42.2
42.9
44.6
45.8
                          DESIGNED
                          DOM IMPORT
6.2
20.5
46.5
33.9
42.7
41.4
82.0
70.1
43.2
58.1
54.4
55.5
11.8
9.4
10.3
8.1
2.8
3.1


6.0
5.5
4.1
3.8
100.0
100.0
94.0
94.5
95.9
96.2
G-7

-------

-------
Table H-l
                    Appendix H

CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                      TWO-SEATER
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
244
203
221
191
256
200.
162
263
137
348
335
303
282
203
113
ill
178
81
118
84
79
65
72
80
106

FRAC
.030
.021
.020
.017
.024
.021
.019
.034
.017
.033
.031
.028
.026
.019
.011
.020
.021
.010
.014
.010
.008
.008
.009
.010
.013
FUEL
CITY
16.7
16.5
17.2
16.6
17.0
17.3
18.9
21.9
20.4
22.5
22.8
23.8
23.1
23.0
22.6
23.4
24.7
22.5
24.0
21.9
22.0
21.5
22.3
20.0
20.5
ECONOMY
HWY
25.0
24.6
25.0
24.4
25.6
26.7
27.0
32.7
29.9
34.6
34.5
36.3
35.7
35.7
35.0
35.4
36.7
34.5
36.6
33.9
34.7
34.6
35.2
33.3
32.9
55/45
19.7
19.4
20.0
19.4
20.1
20.6
21.9
25.7
23.9
26.7
26.9
28.1
27.5
27.4
26.9
27.7
29.0
26.7
28.4
26.0
26.3
26.0
26.7
24.4
24.7
WGHT
LB
3015
3032
3062
3079
3026
2954
3005
2726
2756
2886
2826
2915
2920
2940
3030
2979
2890
3022
2975
3134
3176
3168
3056
3440
3294
VOL
CO-FT


50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
ENGINE
CID
173
187
183
187
180
180
202
146
146
174
158
166
167
170
198
164
149
187
169
207
204
216
178
242
225
HP
125
136
134
143
128
121
142
106
115
121
123
130
134
138
160
160
150
183
178
197
199
205
198
264
245
0-60
TIME
12.6
12.1
12.4
11.8
12.2
12.3
10.6
13.0
11.8
12.1
11.6
11.7
11.5
11.2
10.2
10.3
10.8
10.0
9.6
8.8
8.9
8.6
8.7
7.6
7.6
TOP
SPD
117
120
119
122
118
116
124
112
116
117
118
119
121
122
130
130
127
137
137
143
142
145
144
163
159
HP/
CID
.764
.752
.754
.794
.734
.702
.758
.734
.778
.717
.805
.818
.830
.845
.891
1.019
1.040
1.018
1.138
1.072
1.076
1.049
1.157
1.148
1.140
HP/
HT
.0405
.0428
.0420
.0445
.0409
.0399
.0468
.0376
.0410
.0409
.0424
.0430
.0441
.0454
.0507
.0510
.0489
.0563
.0570
.0610
.0603
.0630
.0625
.0758
.0734
TON
-MPG
29.5
29.4
30.7
29.9
30.6
30.8
33.2
35.7
33.2
39.7
39.1
41.9
41.5
41.8
42.4
42.1
42.9
40.6
43.3
41.5
42.5
41.3
41.3
42.6
40.9
CU-FT
-MPG


1032
1002
1039
1058
1125
1337
1216
1423
1443
1504
1487
1505
1508
1484
1573
1433
1520
1371
1390
1336
1381
1248
1255
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


1534
1495
1528
1539
1660
1784
1660
1983
1955
2097
2074
2091
2121
2103
2146
2032
2167
2077
-_ 2124
2066
2064
2130
2043
 PERCENT OF TWO-SEATER:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD

47.
17.
17.
25.
29.
32.
41.
32.
31.
34.
16.
42.
24.
23.
4.
10.



8
1
9
0
8
7
9
6
3
9
1
3
1
5
7
8










16.5


.1

.1
.1

.1
.2
.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
74.6
70.5
70.5
71.8
72.8
74.0 13.6
61
69
81
60
67
62
64
62
51
66
68
55
59
57
51
55
64
32
42
.3
.2
.0
.4
.4
.4
.0
.1
.5
.9
.5
.3
.8
.5
.1
.6
.0
.5
.4
20.1
9.5
4.5
33.7
26.3
30.7
28.5
27.4
36.6
27.2
21.1
26.3
35.3
35.6
31.4
40.8
34.3
66.8
55.5
FUEL
FI
42.4
37.1
40.2
46.9
31.5
34.4
55
32
40
73
64
81
85
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.4
.8
.3
.6
.9
.7
.9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
METERING
TBI PORT
42.4
37.1
40.2
46.9
31.5
34.4

9.5

53.1
11.6
11.7
14.6
26.1
14.2
11.5
18.6
13.7
5.6






55.4
23.3
40.3
20.5
53.3
70.0
71.3
73.9
85.8
88.5
81.4
86.3
94.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
GARB
57.6
62.9
59.8
53.1
68.5
65.6
44.6
67.2
59.7
26.4
35.1
18.3
14.1












                                                                  DSL
                                                                        FOUR
                                                                        VALVE
                                                  DESIGNED
                                                  DOM   EUR
                                                                                 16.4
                                                                                 22.9
                                                                                 22.3
                                                                                 22.7
                                                                                 18.6
                                                        50.1
                                                        49.3
                                                        50.0
                                                        44.0
                                                        36.8
      ASIA

      33.6
      27.8
      27.7
      33.3
      44.6
                                                                                 17.6  36.9  45.5
                                                                                 23.4  23.4  53.2
                                                                                 57.3   6.7  36.0
                                                                                 17.1   9.6  73.3
                                                                                 57.0   3.8  39.3
                                                                        11.5
                                                                         7.4
                                                                        23.8
                                                                        38.5

                                                                        67.0
                                                                        66.9
                                                                        52.7
                                                                        47.9
                                                                        65.4

                                                                        65.4
                                                  37.1
                                                  46.7
                                                  36.1
                                                  36.3
                                                  30.7
 4.8
 6.9
 7.2
 8.1
14.4
58.1
46.4
56.7
55.6
54.8
                                                  19.0   7.2  73.8
                                                  12.7   9.1  78.2
                                                  26.1  13.6  60.3
                                                  22.3   5.1  72.6
                                                  29.4  12.6  58.0
                                                                        64.3
                                                                        84.3
                                                                        61.9
                                                                        64.1
                                                  27.0
                                                  35.3
                                                  15.4
                                                  39.0
                                                  35.4
19.2
26.9
47.6
60.6
52.6
53.8
37.8
37.0
  .3
12.1
                                                                                                              H-l

-------
                                                   Appendix H
Table H-2
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF  1975  TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                      MINI-COMPACT
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1394
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
H-2

941 .114
913 .094
915 .081
901 .081
436 .040
383 .041
227 .026
178 .023
156 .020
42 .004
73 .007
176 .Ol£
71 .007
43 .004
28 .003
76 .009
95 .011
118 .015
74 .009
39 .005
56 .006
43 .006
43 .005
37 .003
49 .006
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
; p
19.6 29.3 23.0
22.4 32.3 26.0
24.2 34.4 27.9
24.1 32.8 27.4
24.1 33.7 27.6
24.5 34.3 28.1
30.6 40.1 34.3
31.7 41.5 35.5
31.5 42.7 35.7
21.6 32.9 25.6
31.1 44.8 36.0
26.1 39.1 30.7
26.2 38.7 30.7
26.8 38.7 31.1
23.0 33.7 26.9
22.4 33.5 26.3
24.5 35.9 28.6
26.9 39.3 31.4
25.8 37.6 30.0
23.7 36.3 28.1
r p
l| 1
23.1 35.1 27.3
22.6 35.0 26.9
22.3 34.9 26.6
21.9 34.4 26.2
20.9 33.9 25.2
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT

2721
2688
2544 78.8
2583 79.1
2450 79.7
2458 82.8
2164 82.6
2193 82.7
2273 82.0
2855 75.9
2300 79.2
2407 80.5
2636 77.2
2619 77.9
2866 77.2
3019 80.7
2912 75.5
2691 81.0
2818 79.5
3147 81.0
3218 79.9
3270 76.8
3338 76.6
3425 78.4
3650 79.9
ENGINE
CID HP

128 82
124 ! 80
116 83
120 83
113 77
116 78
92 67
95 70
99 77
151 141
114 95
113 104
128 130
128 129
146 148
148 145
127 137
110 118
118 130
132 163
147 ' 166
157 179
154 185
166 196
182 221
0-60
TIME

15.2
15.1
14.0
14.1
14.4
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.2
10.5
13.1
12.8
11.3
11.7
10.7
10.5
10.8
11.2
10.9
10.3
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.3
8.9
TOP
SPD

102
102
105
105
103
103
101
102
104
125
111
114
123
122
128
125
123 1
118 1
121 1
129 1
i3i i
134 1
136 1
138 1
145 1
HP/
CID

.669
.673
.756
.730
.689
.674
.723
.727
.753
.927
.818
.881
.985
.954
.985
.969
.075
.072
.088
.201
'.122
.127
.194
.176
.208
HP/
WT

.0297
.0296
.0326
.0321
.0312
.0313
.0307
.0310
.0326
.0480
.0378
.0402
.0467
.0460
.0501
.0474
.0463
.0434
.0452
.0498
.0510
.0535
.0544
.0560
.0601
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG

32.1
35.3
36.1
35.9
34.0
34.7
37.6
39.6
41.5
37.0
44.2
39.4
42.4
43.4
39.2
39.8
41.9
42.3
42.3
44.1
44.0
44.4
44.8
44.9
46.3



2297
2256
2239
2385
2909
3065
3094
2017
3406
2903
2721
2.877
2157
2146
2185
2584
2437
2341
2212.
2148
2088
2079
2034
l"l|, '


2839
2846
2718
2875
3105
3287
3412
2812
3518
3176
3300
3411
3051
3216
3166
3421
3364
3574
3525
3431
3452
3532
3699
OF MINI-COMPACT:
DRIVETRAlN
FRONT 4WD
19.6
22.1
25.4
22.3
44.8

47.2
83.2
80.4
81.8
30.6
67.7
54.6
54.9
62.4
62.4 3.5
11.4
50.9
71.5
64.9
44.4
17.3
37.7 6.7
48.1 4.7
32.0 1.3
28.9 5.2

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
67.7
63.5
70.6
63.0
73.4
:t
60.0
81.2
80.8
80.9 .2
84.3 .2
86.1 .1
82.7 5.1
81.9 3.9
76.6 8.3
65.3 16.1
61.6 32.1
59.8 36.3
55.3 4i.3
52.6 45.4
43.3 51.3
39.0 50.6
48.0 50.2
47.8 50". 2
39.3 59.4
36.1 60.8

FUEL METERING '
FI TBI
11.5
4.5
1.9
1.5
3.4

1.6
1.0
6.4
20.6
92.6
46.9
52.2
85. 9
77.0
PORT CARB DSL
11.5 88
4.5 95
1.9 98
1.5 98
3.4 96

1.6 98
1.0 99
6.4 93
20.6, 79
92.6 7
46.9 53
52.2 47
85.9 14
77.0 23
.5
.5
.1
.5
.6

.4
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
.8
.1
.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 ioo.o
100.0 ioo.o
ioo.o ioo.o
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
ioo.o ioo.o
ioo.o ioo.o
100.0

100.0



FOUR
VALVE












5.8
18.6
23.5
36.9
3.2
90.6
91.8
81.2
93.3
94.7
80.8
82.3
91.2
87.3






























DESIGNED
DOM EUR
55.6 13.
53.6 7.
19.2 5.
36.5 4.
39.4 6.

47.0 9.
5.
.1 19.
.2 21.
.2 96.
.1 49.
43.
69.
62.
74.
20.
10.
15.
6.
46.
35.
47.
42.
49.
71


ASIA
6 30.8
1 39.3
7 75.1
6 58.9
6 54.0

5 43.5
9 94.1
9 80.0
4 78.4
9 2.9
5 50.4
8 56.2
4 30.6
7 37.3
6 25.4
6 79.4
7 89.3
0 85.0
5 93.5
2 53.8
8 64.2
8 52.2
5 57.5
4 50.6
1 28.9





































" 	 1!






















-------
Table H-3
                                               -,    Appendix H   .




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                       SUBCOMPACT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1011
1368
1577
2056
3044
3552
2712
2329
1968
2545
2181
2376
2088
2143
1950
1974
2303
2021
1872
1986
1623
1110
1487
1550
1321

FRAC
.123
.141
.140
.184
.282
.376
.311
.298
.246
.238
.202
.216
.195
.200
.195
.224
.270
.249
.221
.236
.173
.141
.178
.192
.168
FUEL
CITY
16.6
19.3
20.9
21.5
21.1
23.7
25.8
25.3
25.9
25.4
25.9
26.4
26.8
27.8
26.9
27.4
27.0
27.3
27.3
26.7
26.6
27.8
27.8
26.4
26.4
ECONOMY
HWY
23.8
27.0
28.9
30.0
29.3
32.9
35.0
:5.5
37.2
36.9
37.4
37.9
38.4
39.2
38.6
38.6
39.3
40.0
40.4
40.5
40.7
42.3
41.2
40.6
40.1
55/45
19.2
22.2
23.9
24.6
24.1
27.1
29.3
29.1
30.0
29.6
30.1
30.6
31.1
32.0
31.2
31.5
31.5
31.8
32.0
31.5
31.5
32.9
32.6
31.3
31.2
WGHT
LB
3242
3033
2966
2842
2847
2640
2604
2657
2687
2737
2734
2764
2728
2668
2748
2762
2779
2806
2797
2884
2949
2874
2909
2988
2989
VOL
CU-FT


90.7
89.7
90.4
89.9
90.3
91.8
93.3
93.3
93.9
94.7
92.7
93.2
93.1
94.5
94.8
93.8
94.4
94.4
93.6
94.9
95.5
96.7
96.5
ENGINE
CID
206
181
174
159
155
128
124
133
136
140
136
136
128
122
129
117
124
122
124
134
141
135
126
141
139
HP
107
97
98
93
94
82
81
86
90
97
100
100
99
99
104
108
111
117
120
125
134
131
128
136
138
0-60
TIME
14.2
14.7
14.2
14.4
14.2
14.7
14.7
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.2
13.4
13.7
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.3
12.0
11.8
11.7
11.3
11.2
11.5
11.1
11.0
TOP
SPD
108
106
107
106
106
103
103
105
106
108
110
109
109
110
111
113
114
116
117
118
121
121
119
122
123
HP/
CID
.585
.607
.633
.649
.659
.669
.676
.666
.693
.722
.760
.765
.795
.823
.852
.962
.938
.987
.977
- .972
1.015
1.024
1.059
1.001
1.030
HP/
WT
.0328
.0315
.0324
.0321
.0322
.0307
.0308
.0316
.0329
.0347
.0357
.0353
.0349
.0357
.0369
.0384
.0392
.0407
.0417
.0422
.0442
.0445
.0431
.0447
.0454
TON
-MPG
31.4
33.8
36.1
35.7
34.8
36.2
38.7
39.4
41.0
41.1
41.5
42.7
42.8
43.1
43.3
43.9
44.1
45.2
45.3
46.0
47.0
47.6
47.7
47.2
47.0
CU-FT
-MPG


2329
2387
2297
2523
2744
2792
2941
2883
2941
3018
2995
3116
3044
3072
3086
3110
3140
3096
3094
3257
3197
3107
3084
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


3268
3201
3140
3251
3491
3613
3829
3830
3901
4048
3965
4019
4034
4149
4181
4241
4272
4338
- 4404
4528
4556
4562
4536
 PERCENT OF SUBCOMPACT:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
17.6
13.1
19.4
22.3
25.9
35.3
36.0
39.8
53.4
49.8
58.7
64.5
69.1
77.7
72.3
87.9
84.3
84.2
84.6
81.3
72.1
75.9
83.2
80.6
81.7
4WD





.4
.3
.2
.2
.5
.3
1.1
.5
1.2
1.1
.5
1.4
1.6
1.7
.6
1.4
1.1
.7
.7
.6
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
40.9
42.8
46.5
54.4
51.5
58.2
58.9
55.1
55.8
51.5
49.4
50.3
51.3
53.6
46.5
44.9
39.1
38.0
42.6
34.6
40.4
41.5
31.4
32.2
34.0
LOCK





3.5
8.5
23.6
32.0
35.1
34.1
34.0
39.4
40.0
45.3
51.1
56.2
56.4
51.9
58.2
55.4
52.0
64.9
55.1
64.7
FUEL
FI
8.9
3.1
12.5
11.7
7.3
10.9
12.1
18.1
24.2
31.9
33.9
41.4
47.0
50.9
65.1
95.5
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.7
99.6
METERING
TBI







3.2
2.7
3.0
5.1
4.9
6.8
15.2
20.6
24.0
40.3
15.5
8.3
5.9
5.0
7.8
4.5
1.0
.3
PORT
8.9
, 3.1
12.5
11.7
7.3
10.9
12.1
14.8
21.5
28.9
28.8
36.5
40.3
35.7
44.5
71.5
59.6
84.5
91.7
94.1
95.0
92.2
95.5
98.7
99.3
CARB
91.1
96.9
86.3
86.6
91.3
85.6
82.4
77.8
74.6
66.3
65.9
58.5
52.9
49.1
34.9
4.5
.2








DSL


1.2
1.8
1.5
3.4
5.5
4.1
1.2
1.7
.2
.1
.1










.3
.4
FOUR
VALVE











3.7
13.4
24.6
29.3
48.3
44.3
50.4
44.6
46.9
62.0
64.5
77.8
53.3
48.4
DESIGNED
DOM
55.9
55.9
53.6
45.5
58.2
45.9
36.8
33.6
32.3
39.5
35.7
32.9
25.1
20.7
24.9
14.7
30.6
26.1
29.8
36.8
26.9
24.3
17.0
54.8
47.6
EUR
22.8
17.0
19.7
20.0
10.3
13.6
10.9
9.9
8.2
10.9
6.8
5.8
10.1
8.4
5.5
4.1
3.1
3.8
4.5
2.2
4.3
3.6
3.3
6.0
9.0
ASIA
21.3
27.1
26.8
34.6
31.5
40.4
52.3
56.5
59.5
49.6
57.6
61.4
64.8
70.9
69.6
81.2
66.4
70.1
65.8
61.0
68.9
72.1
79.7
39.1
43.4
                                                                                                             H-3

-------
                                                   Appendix H
Table H-4
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                          COMPACT
MODEL SALES FUEL ECONOMY
i YEAR (000) FRAC CITY HWY 55/45
1975 1893 .230 14.3 19.3 16.2
1976
1977
1978
• ; • • 1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
', J'
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
,'li 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
,ll
1998
:' ""!! 1999
' PERCENT
11 11 i
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
''1
vl 1985
1986
"'I: • 1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
' ! 1993
1994
1995
1996
" • 1997
1998
i j ' • 1999
11 ' in
i!
I
a
2557 .263 15.5 21.0 17.5
2767 .245 15.8 21.4 17.9
1482 .133 17.5 24.7 20.2
668 .062 17.1 23.5 19.5
690 .073 19.4 27.6 22.4
976 .112 23.0 33.5 26.7
1268 .162 24.7 37.0 29.0
1456 .182 24.7 36.2 28.8
2731 .256 25.6 36.9 29.7
I
2929 .271 25.7 37.2 29.8
3348 .304 25.7 37.2 29.8
4012 .374 25.5 37.3 29.7
4317 .402 25.6 37.6 29.9
3585 .358 25.6 37.5 29.9
2771 .315 24.7 36.7 29.0
2455 .288 24.7 36.7 29.0
2221 .274 24.2 36.7 28.6
2473 .292 25.1 37.9 29.6
2602 .310 25.2 38.3 29.8
3432 .365 2' 5" 8 39.5 30.6
2981 .378 25.5 39.4 30.3
2840 .340 25.4 39.5 3b.3
2131 .264 26.2 41.0 31.3
1998 .254 25.8 40.1 30.8
OF COMPACT:
i, i" , , i,
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
2.4 8.1
2.5 6.3
2.3 4.4
17.8 10.0 16.3
13.6 9.0
56.8 5.8 14.5 6.7
81.4 2.1 32.9 5.8
84.8 1.9 34.8 39.7
74.7 2.2 32.3 42.4
82.0 .8 28.4 41.0
ill's i".
85.3 .2 28.3 42.8
86.6 .2 28.5 50.0
90.5 .4 29.5 49.3
91.2 .2 25.6 59.0
95.8 .5 26.0 56.2
95.5 .8 19.3 63.6
95.0 1.6 21.7 65.3
96.1 .9 19.2 66.2
97.5 .5 18.3 69.9
95.8 .7 18.8 72.8
95.4 .8 19.5 78.!7
97.3 .9 17.2 81.9
95.5 1.1 16.8 83.2
95.1 1.4 17.8 82.2
93.4 2.0 19.8 79.9


!
i
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
3958
4025
4128 107.3
3552 105.1
3624 105.3
3184 106.2
2825 104.3
2794 102.9
2844 103.2
2798 103.1

2804 103.1
2819 103.2
2836 102.8
2889 103.6
2886 102.8
2984 103.3
2984 104.5
3034 104.3
2982 104.1
3023 103.9
2998 103.9
3007 103.1
3004 102.6
2990 102.8
3091 103.0


ENGINE
CID HP
287 129
289 , 125
291 131-
236 113
246- 117
186 102
142 91
128 86
141 91
136 90
I
138 98
137 98
135 100
136 106
130 108
138 118
136 120
143 127
139 121
138 124
134 132
134 133
135 133
130 134
135 140

i




























0-60
TIME
14.6
15.2
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.2
14.6
14.4
14.3

13.5
13.5
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.1
11.8
12.0
11.9
11.2
11.1
11.1
11.0
10.9


FUEL METERING
FI TBI
4.4
3.6
3.8
9.1
14.8
10.8
8.0
21.5 13.1
50.6 37.4
54.0 32.4

70.8 46.9
76.4 43.4
74.6 42.2
91.4 42.7
94.9 40.0
99.9 33.2
99.6 17.3
99.8 10.8
100.0 12.3
100.0 8.3
99.8
100.0
100.0
99.3
99.2




PORT CARB
4.4 ! 94.
3.6 95.
'3.8 95.
9.1 88.
14.8 77.
10.8 80.
8.0 86.
8.3 73.
13.2 45.
21.6 43.

24.0 26.
33.0 22.
32.4 25.
48.7 8.
54.9 5.
66.7
82.3
89.0
87.7
91.7
99.8 '
100.0
100.0
99.3
99.2
I



6
4
1
8
2
9
0
2
1
1

7
9
1
6
0














DSL
1.0
.9
1.1
2.2
8.0
8.4
6.0
5.3
4.4
2.8

2.4
.7
.3

.1
.1
.4
.2


.2


.7
.8




TOP
SPD
110
108
110
108
109
107
106
104
105
106

109
109
109
111
112
115
116
118
116
117
121
121
121
121 1.
122 1.


FOUR
VALVE





'






1.0
5.3
10.9
15.8
34.5
38.8
32.3
40.3
50.7
66.2
65.9
61.8
74.4
76.9




HP/ HP/
CID WT
454 .0322
434 .0307
452 .0315
506 .0317
495 .0320
577 .0323
671 .0324
695 .0309
677 .0317
687 .0321

727 .0347
735 .0346
759 .0351
794 .0365
837 .0372
856 .0393
887 .0399
892 .0416
886 .0404
912 .0408
992 .0438
999 .0440
988 .0442
029 .0445
037 .0448


DESIGNED
DOM EUR
94.4 5.
96.5 3.
96". 6 3.
92.3 7.
81.5 18.
79.1 20.
86.0 14.
81.4 13.
77.3 12.
81.4 6.

71.7 li-
es. 3 9.
52.6 7.
59.2 5.
53.7 6.
53.2 5.
45.9 6.
54.2 5.
56.5 3.
41.9 5.
55.3 7.
54.0 6.
54.6 8.
52.6 8.
46.5 10.
	 	



TON
-MPG
32.5
35.5
37.1
36.0
35.7
36.1
37.9
40.7
41.2
41.9

42.2
42.4
42.4
43.4
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.5
44.3
45.2
45.9
45.7
45.6
47.1
47.8



CD-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG

1946
2163
2095
2438
2852
3035
3051
3134

3155
3143
3110
3147
3110
3027
3079
3015
3121
3131
3213 -
3157
3142
3266
3226




3986
3782
3761 ,
3830
3959
4193
4259
4319
, /, , ' .'
4356
4372
4359
4500
4452
4484
4553
4536
4613
4693
4775
4712
4683
4836
4924

1 il,il










, , ' ill]














1 i ' ''!

4,1,

ASIA
6
5
4
7
5
9
0
7 4
7 10
7 11

0 17
6 25
4 40
1 35
0 40
9 40
4 47
3 40
0 40
5 52
0 37
1 39
2 37
1 39
8 42











.9
.0
.9

.3
.2
.0
.7
.3
.9
.7
.5
.5
.7
.6
.9
.2
.3
.7




1 • 1!,,




i •'",




,i
















,

•. ;'.;. : ,





i, i'l




I ',!!















•"I,,,
::!
,;,','
	 :ly

-------
TABLE H-5
                    Appendix H




CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                       SMALL CAR
MODEL SALES FUEL ECONOMY
YEAR (000) FRAC CITY HWY 55/45
1975 4088 .496 16.0 22.4 18.3
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993-
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
5041 .519 17.4 24.1 19.9
5481 .485 18.2 25.0 20.7
4630 .414 20.2 28.3 23.2
4405 .408 20.3 28.4 23.3
4825 .511 22.7 31.8 26.1
4077 .467 24.9 34.5 28.5
4039 .517 25.1 36.0 29.1
3718 .465 25.4 36.7 29.4
5666 .531 25.3 36.8 29.4
5519 .511 25.6 37.2 29.8
6203 .563 25.8 37.5 30.0
6453 .601 25.8 37.6 30.1
6706 .625 26.2 38.0 30.5
5677 .567 26.0 37.8 30.2
4999 .567 25.6 37.3 29.8
5032 .590 25.7 37.8 30.0
4440 .548 25.5 38.2 30.0
4537 .537 26.0 38.9 30.5
4711 .561 25.7 39.1 30.4
5190 .552 25.9 39.8 30.7
4199 .532 25.9 40.0 30.8
4442 .532 26.1 40.0 30.9
3799 .470 26.1 40.6 31.1
3475 .441 25.7 39.8 30.6
OF SMALL CAR:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
10.0 33.9
8.8 29.2
11.0 30.3
19.9 42.6 5.2
24.4 48.5
37.8 1.1 52.8 4.1
48.1 .7 54.0 7.8
56.2 .7 50.8 26.7
61.6 1.0 48.6 33.7
63.2 .6 41.1 37.6
70.9 .2 39.8 37.8
74.5 .5 40.0 41.7
80.7 .4 38.7 44.7
85.2 .5 36.0 51.6
86.3 1.0 33.8 51.8
89.0 .6 31.7 56.9
87.1 1.4 32.1 59.0
88.6 1.2 29.3 60.3
90.2 1.0 30.0 61.2
88.0 .7 26.3 65.8
86.1 1.0 26.7 70.4
89.6 1.0 24.6 73.1
89.5 1.0 22.7 76.0
86.5 1.1 24.2 70.6
85.2 1.4 26.1 73.1
WGHT
LB
-3440
3474
3486
3029
2936
2717
2648
2684
2734
2776
2771
2791
2803
2818
2841
2897
2885
2921
2903
2968
2988
2977
2977
3003
3066

FUEL
FI
9.4
5.0
7.5
10.3
9.4
11.1
12.2
19.6
35.0
45.6
55.6
62.6
66.3
78.6
84.8
98.2
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.5
99.4
VOL
CU-FT

95.4
90.9
89.2
90.0
91.6
92.2
95.1
95.2
96.0
96.7
96.9
98.5
98.3
97.6
97.6
97.9
98.3
98.7
99.6
99.9
99.2
98.9
98.6

ENGINE
CID HP
224 113
226
224
177
166
137
129
131
137
140
138
137
134
133
131
131
131
134
133
137
137
136
133
137
140

110
114
100
98
86
85
87
91
95
100
101
102
105
108
116
117
123
122
126
134
134
133
138
143

0-60
TIME
14.5
14.9
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.1
13.8
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.1
12.8
12.2
12.1
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.2
11.1
11.2
11.0
10.8

METERING
TBI







6.6
16.1
20.2
27.6
25.9
29.1
33.1
32.6
28.3
27.5
12.7
10.3
7.1
1.6
2.1
1.5
.4
.1
PORT
9.4
5.0
7.5
10.3
9.4
11.1
12.2
13.0
18.9
25.4
28.0
36.7
37.2
45.5
52.1
69.9
72.2
87.2
89.7
92.9
98.3
97.9
98.5
99.1
99.3
CARB
90.1
94.5
91.6
88.2
88.3
85.1
82.7
76.4
62.7
52.3
43.0
37.0
33.5
21.4
15.1
1.8
.1








DSL
.5
.5
.9
1.5
2.2
3.7
5.1
4.0
2.4
2.2
1.4
.4
.2

.1
.1
.2
.1


.1


.5
.6
TOP
SPD
108
107
108
107
107
104
105
105
106
108
110
110
110
111
112
115
115
117
117
118
121 1
121 1
121 1
122 1
124 1

FODR
VALVE











2.7
8.2
15.7
21.0
40.6
43.3
42.5
43.0
49.7
65.2
65.7
67.7
65.7
65.8
HP/ HP/
CID WT
.554 .0323
.537 .0312
.567 .0323
.625 .0325
.641 .0326
.658 .0314
.680 .0318
.682 .0318
.693 .0328
.706 .0339
.746 .0356
.754 .0354
.776 .0356
.806 .0366
.844 .0374
.906 .0395
.919 .0400
.943 .0415
.933 .0415
.942 .0418
.002 .0443
.008 .0445
.017 .0442
.021 .0453
.039 .0461

DESIGNED
DOM EUR
71.3 14.
74.8 9.
68.3 10.
57.8 14.
57.6 12.
49.6 15.
46.0 11.
48.7 11.
48.0 10.
60.5 9.
54.4 9.
50.1 8.
42.4 8.
45.8 6.
43.1 6.
36.0 5.
36.8 5.
39.5 5.
43.7 3.
39.1 4.
45.4 6.
45.3 6.
40.8 7.
52.7 8.
45.9 12.
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
31.9
34.8
36.4
35.6
34.6
35.8
38.2
39.6
40.8
41.4
41.8
42.4
42.5
43.3
43.3
43.5
43.7
44.2
44.6
45.4
46.2
46.1
46.2
47.0
47.3


ASIA
3 14.4
7 15.6
4 21.4
1 28.2
7 29.7
3 35.1
9 42.2
3 40.0
6 41.4
1 30.4
5 36.1
9 41.0
9 48.6
6 47.6
3 50.6
5 58.6
1 58.1
0 55.5
7 52.6
6 56.3
7 47.9
2 48.5
5 51.6
8 38.5
2 41.8

2078
2233
2187
2439
2715
2786
2927
2908
2970
3008
2997
3086
3051
2977
3012
3018
3076
3078
3137 .
3145
3122
3146
3095





























3489
3248
3099
3233
3509
3662
3900
3945
4019
4103
4120
4266
4255
4248
4271
4327
4388
4488
4605
4610
4586
4654
4672




























                                                                                                            H-5

-------
Table H-6
                                                   Appendix H




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOT! VEHICLES
MIDSIZE CAR
MODEL .
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

1980
1991
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1631
1964
2226
3339
3211

2987
2902
2136
2269
2770
2777
2666
2252
2113
2591
2342
2114
2120
2330
2057
2515
2359
2411
3142
2969
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.198
.202
.197
.299
.297

.316
.332
.273
.284
.260
.257
.242
.210
.197
.259
.266
.248
.261
.276
.245
.268
.299
.289
.389
.377
CITY
11.7
13.6
14". 3
16.0
16.7

18.6
19.8
20.5
20.4
20.5
21.2
21.9
22.0
22.3
22.2
21.7
21.6
2f.3
21.6
21-4
21.5
21.9
21.9
22.5
22.5
HWY
16.9
19.4
20.2
23.0
23.2

26.9
28.6
30.5
30.3
30.6
31.9
33.4
33.6
35.1
35.3
35.1
34.8
34.7
35.1
34.7
35.5
35.6
36.0
36.7
36.5
55/45
1
13.6
15.7
16.4
18.6
19.1
I:
21.6
22.9
24.0
23.9
24.1
24 . 9
25.9
26.0
26.7
26.6
1
'2*6.2
26.0
25 . 8
26. 1
25.9
26.1
26.5
26.6
27.2
27.2
WGHT
LB
4630
4558
4473
3820
3710

3362
3346
3321
3316
3318
3318
3241
3247
3293
3314
3450
3412
3515
3515
3529
3546
3527
3551
3531
3550
VOL ENGINE
CU-FT CID
353
343
112.9 332
113.0 292
113.1 272


113.2 228
113.9 220
113.9 211
113.8 212
113.7 210
113.6 205
113.8 1'94
113.7 188
113.4 183
113.6 181
113.7
.87
113.5 191
113.9 191
113.9 192
113.5 189
114.3 189
114.1 181
114.6 184
113.9 176
113.8 176
HP
iss
156
151
135
128

113
107
107
111
113
117
118
123
129
131
140
146
151
153
155
166
162
170
170
172
0-60
TIME
13.9
1318
13.9
13.4
13.6

13.8
14.2
14.2
13.8
13.6
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.2
12.0
11.5
11-. 5
11.4
11.4
10.7
10.9
10.6
10.5
10.5
TOP
SPD
115
114
114
113
112

109
108
108
109
110
112
113
114
116
117
119
121
122
123
123
127
126
128
128
129
HP/
cib
.447
.454
.454
.464
.474

.512
.509
.529
.544
.563
.606
.640
.684
.718
.735
.758
.773
.801
.812
.827
.889
.906
.933
.974
.986
HP/
WT
.0340
.0340
.0336
.0353
.0344

.0336
.0322
.0323
.0335
.0341
.0354
.0364
.0378
.0389
.0396
.0406
.0428
.0426
.0433
.0436
.0464
.0458
.0476
.0479
.0482
TON
-MPG
31.9
36.1
37.1
35.5
35.6

36.5
38.5
40.2
39.9
40.2
41.5
42.1
42.3
44.0
44.2
45.3
44.5
45.4
46.0
45.7
46.3
46.7
47.3
48.3
48.4
CD- FT
-MPG


1880
2139
2197

2478
2645
2785
2770
2780
2873
2978
2993
3057
3049
3000
2973
2949
2992
2953
2996
3028
3060
3121
3108
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


4186
4015
4023
1 '. i.
4132
4393
4576
4542
4565
4714
4786
4817
4995
5027
5152
5050
5170
5243
5192
. 5295
5327
5416
5498
5505
  PERCENT OF MIDSIZE  CAR:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
197$
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1932
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
2.7
2.5
2.1
1.4
5.2
30.2
32.3
44.7
48.9
55.1
61.9
71.0
77.3
87.0
86.5

85.2
87.2
79.1
85.4
84.7
79.6
91.9
90.6
94.4
94.1
4WD











.1
.2
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1
.2



.1
.5
1.5
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
.6
.4
.3
1.7
1.9
7.8
5.6
2.0
1.2
.9
1.3
1.8
1.5
3.8
4.7
11
3.9
3.6
2.7
2.3
2.0
2.7
4.3
2.5
4.9
4.3
LOCK
r


11.1
21.4
25 .3
52.2
82.6
80.0
82.0
77 . 6
76.4
77.6
91.1
91.7
i,
93.9
94.5
96.6
97.2
97.7
97.2
94.9
97.5
95 1 1
95^7
FUEL METERING
FI
.7
.6
.7
1.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
15.6
17.7
29.4
50.1
67.7
84.1
94.9
99.3

100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.7
99.8
99.8
99.9
TBI





1.5
2.3
15.4
17.2
25.6
37.1
42.3
43.4
28.0
21.0

13.3
11.2
5.3
4.4
4.0
1.1




PORT

'.6
.7
1.4
2.3
1 i.o
.1
.2
.5
3.8
13.0 !
25.4
40.7
66.9
78.3
j
86.6
88.7
94.7
95.6
96.0
i
98.9
99.7
99.8
99.8
99.9
GARB
99.3
99.4
99.3
98.6
96.3
94.9
93.7
80.7
80.6
69.7
49.6
32.1
15.5
5.1
.7











DSL




1.4
2.5
4.0
3.8
1.7
1.0
.3
.2
.4


	

.1




.3
.2
.2
.1
FOUR
VALVE
11












.1
.8

5.1
5.3
20.0
27.8
31.4
38.5
47.2
50.1
55.3
60.8
DESIGNED
DOM
99.3
99.8
99.7
99.8
99.5
99.5
99.9
99.8
99.3
97.3
96.5
95.6
95.3
87.8
85.6

82.6
82.3
74.3
72.7
70.2
66.5
65.5
63.3
52.3
50.0
EUR
.7
.2
.3
.2
.5
.5
.1
.2
.7
2.7
3.5
4.4
4.7
5.6
3.8

4.1
3.5
2.3
3.0
3.6
3.8
4.0
6.4
6.7
8.0
ASIA













6.5
10.7

13.3
14.1
23.4
24.3
26.2
29.7
30.5
30.3
41.0
42.0
H-6

-------
                                                  Appendix H
Table H-7
                               CHXFACTXRISTZCS OF  1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                       LARGE CAR
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1555 .189
1679 .173
2319 .205
2048 .183
2111 .196
963 .102
956 .109
832 .106
1079 .135
1236 .116
1512 .140
1267 .115
1218 .113
1303 .121
1289 .129
1092 .124
1012 .119
1240 .153
1103 .130
1277 .152
1305 .139
1066 .135
1195 .143
887 .110
1179 .150
OF LARGE CAR;
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.1






31.9
55.9
60.9
58.7
61.9
69.0
59.8
58.5
64.8
69.2
71.3
67.7
72.4
74.6
65.7
FUEL
CITY
11.3
12.3
13.8
14.5
15.2
16.3
17.1
17.4
16.9
17.2
18.5
19.6
19.5
19.8
19.6
19.3
19.3
19.4
19.8
19.7
19.9
19.8
19.9
20.3
19.9

ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
16.2 13.1
17.2 14.2
19.5 15.9
20.9 16.8
21.1 17.4
24.1 19.1
26.7 20.4
26.9 20.7
26.4 20.2
26.9 20.5
29.8 22.3
32.7 23.9
32.8 23.9
33.2 24.2
33.0 24.0
32.8 23.7
32.6 23.6
33.0 23.8
33.4 24.2
33.1 24.1
34.0 24.4
33.9 24,3
34.2 24.5
34.4 24.9
33.3 24.3

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK




























'2.5
6.5
41.6
89.8
93.1
99.9
99.9
100.0
.7 99.2
.5 99.5
.4 99.6
.3 99.7
.2 99.8
.4 99.6
.3 98.5
.4 98.2
.2 99.0
.2 98.3
.1 99.3
.4 99.6
99.9
100.0
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
5142
5156
4482 128.1
4394 128.5
4210 130.0
4130 130.9
4108 131.0
4034 131.0
4041 131.3
4022 130.9
3841 129.3
3719 127.4
3696 127.0
3730 128.1
3721 127.4
3799 126.7
3893 129.0
3872 129.6
3831 128.9
3858 128.3
3830 127.9
3894 127.6
3821 127.4
3810 127.2
3896 127.4

ENGINE
CID HP
409 180
410 180
366 165
357 162
339 154
314 137
304 133
292 135
292 140
294 140
279 143
260 147
259 149
262 150
261 158
258 161
264 178
262 185
256 181
248 188
248 206
250 217
242 216
240 219
240 216

0-60
TIME
13.5
13.4
12.8
12.8
12.9
14.0
14.3
13.9
13.4
13.4
12.7
12.1
11.8
11.9
11.4
11.4
10.7
10.4
10.5
10.2
9.4
9.2
9.1
8.9
9.2

FUEL METERING
FI TBI

1.2
.5
.2
.2
2.0 2.0
17.1 17.1
20.1 20.1
37.3 37.3
39.0 39.0
64.0 44.9
81.2 15.8
85.1 15.2
89.5 12.6
97.0 22.2
98.9 6.0
100.0 16.7
99.9 10.7
100.0 10.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
PORT CARB DSL
100
1.2 98
.5 99
.2 98
.2 96
87
67
69
60
60
19.1 35
65.4 18
69.9 14
76.9 10
74.8 3
92.9 1
83.3
89.2
89.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.0
.8
.5
.5 1.4
.4 3.5
.5 10.4
.7 15.2
.9 10.0
.3 2.4
.3 .8
.7 .3
.8
.9
.5
.0
.1

.1







TOP
SPD
117
117
118
118
116
112
111
112
113
114
116
119
120
120
122
123
127
130
129
131
138
140
141
142
140

FOUR
VALVE











.7
1.1
1.1
.8
.5
.9
1.9
8.0
17.1
30.4
38.4
35.6
39.5
42.7
HP/ HP/
CID WT
.439 .0348
.440 .0349
.453 .0370
.457 .0370
.454 .0365
.440 .0331
.444 .0325
.468 .0336
.481 .0347
.478 .0349
.512 .0371
.577 .0396
.587 .0405
.587 .0405
.619 .0427
.639 .0426
.685 .0459
.715 .0479
.720 .0473
.766 .0487
.845 .0539
.879 .0557
.903 .0567
.930 .0576
.929 .0558

DESIGNED
DOM EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.9 1.
95.9 4.
96.0 4.
97.5 2.
96.8 3.
97.5 2.
97.7 2.
98.8 1.
93.3 2.
91.8 2.
91.0 2.
88.8 3.
92.7 1.
TON CU-FT C0-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
33.9
36.6
35.7
37.2
36.8
39.8
42.6
42.1
40.9
41.3
42.9
44.5
44.1
45.2
44.7
45.0
46.0
46.1
46.4
46.4
46.8
47.5
46.9
47.5
47.5


ASIA











8
1
1
0
5
2
5
3
2
1 4.6
1 6.2
8 6.2
1 8.1
5 5.8


2065
2193
2279
2526
2712
2730
2657
2688
2887
3055
3036
3111
3064
3004
3053
3091
3133
3092
3136 .
3119
3138
3184
3120






























4573
4775
4783
5213
5571
5517
5370
5407
5543
5672
5599
5793
5696
5695
5941
5979
5989
5959
5992
6059
5980
6044
6043




























                                                                                                            H-7

-------
Table H-8
                                                   Appendix H




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOT! VEHICLES
SMALL WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
477
345
384
361
310
310
418
382
531
461
496
348
361
253
159

160
209
143
301
203
198
90
149
100
96

FRAC
.058
.036
.034
.032
.029
.033
.048
.049
.066
.043
.046
.032
.034
.024
.016

.018
.025
.018
.036
.024
.021
.011
.018
.012
.012
FUEL
CITY
19.3
20.7
22.4
21.4
22.5
25.1
26.2
26.5
28.2
27.6
28.3
27.1
26.8
27.5
27.5

23^7
26.3
25.9
27.8
27.8
2 8". 3
26.8
27.2
26.7
27.0
ECONOMY
HWY
27.7
29.4
30.6
29.3
31.2
34.6
36.6
37.6
39.1
39.4
39.7
37.6
37.4
37.6
38.3

36.3
38.1
37.8
41.2
42.4
42.6
40.4
41.7
41.3
41.9
55/45
22.4
23.9
25.5
24.3
25.7
28.6
30.0
30.6
32.2
31.9
32.5
31.0
30.7
31.3
31.5
i.
29.6
30.6
30.2
32.5
32.9
33.3
31.6
32.2
31.8
32.2
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
2833
2902
2801 108.0
2805 108.0
2711 105.1
2591 108.2
2531 110.6
2580 112.2
2565 108.2
2620 116.5
2579 117.7
2647 118.4
2795 120.0
2757 118.7
2766 118.6

3026 122.2
3005 123.3
3076 123.7
2882 123.0
2906 122.9
2859 122.1
2952 118.0
2901 119.5
2877 117.8
2884 118.9
ENGINE
CID
128
136
134
134
123
113
108
109
105
107
106
113
116
113
112

{20
120
122
118
121
iia
122
124
125
124
HP
87
86
85
90
81
I
75
79
75
74
77
78
82
91
93
96

110
106
123
99
103
100
114
117
121
121
0-60
TIME
14.8
15.2
14.9
14.3
15.1
15.4
14.4
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.0
14.7
14.2
13.7
13.5

12.9
13.3
12.4
13.5
13.3
13.4
12.5
11.8
11.6
11.6
TOP
SPD
104
103
104
105
102
101
103
101
101
102
102
103
106
107
108

111
110
116
108
110
109
113
116
117
117
HP/
CID
.713
.668
.685
.709
.684
.685
.754
.698
.713
.719
.727
.730
.788
.829
.861

.920
.880
1.016
.842
.848
.844
.928
.943
.964
.967
HP/
WT
.0306
.0296
.0304
.0318
.0294
.0288
.0312
.0288
.0288
.0293
.0299
.0307
.0323
.0334
.0341

.0359
.0349
.0397
.0342
.0352
.0348
.0381
.0404
.0416
.0414
TON
-MPG
32.1
35.0
36.2
34.6
35.0
37.6
38.2
39.6
41.5
42.1
42.2
41.3
43.2
43.3
43.7

44.9
46.1
46.5
47.1
48.1
47.8
46.7
46.8
45.8
46.5
CU-FT
-MPG


2824
2692
2742
3175
3356
3463
3507
3762
3870
3729
3733
3748
3769

3652
3816
3778
4047
4109
4116
3769
3893
3774
3865
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


3897
3732
3682
406&
4228
4447
4483
4905
4963
4895
5184
5140
5185

5484
5679
5756
5794
5915
. 5836
5514
5596
5394
5529
  PERCENT  OF SMALL WAGON:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
13.3
12.2
23.3
23.0
13.3
24.4
57.9
68.3
55.4
81.4
60.0
78.4
76.6
80.2
89.9
68.3
79.1
73.0
83.2
87.7
92.8
84.5
82.9
74.7
81.2
4WD




12.1
9.8
8.0
8.9
39.3
15.6
39.6
20.7
23.4
19.8
10.1
31.7
20.9
25.5
16.2
11.4
4.6
11.2
14.4
21.6
14.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
48.6
42.8
52.9
56.3
59.3
67.3
62.0
54.0
64.7
43.7
59.1
43.3
34.4
37.8
26.6
30.6
24.4
22.6
28.9
26.8
23.8
20.8
19.6
18.9
26.1
LOCK
[




4.6
8.1
19.4
23.7
39.2
42.2
29.0
41.0
34.6
51.8
58.8
74.1
68.2
70.6
73.2
|
7e!2
79.2
80.4
81.1
73.9
FUEL METERING
FI
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
5.6
20.7
37.3
21.7
31.0
71.8
93.4
89.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TBI







.7
17.0
32.2
15.4
24.3
42.6
62.8
48.8
40.6
20.0
4.7
4.2
2.2





PORT
.8
3.2
6.4
6.9
1.0
1.1
4.0
4.8
3.7
5.1
6.2
6.8
29.2
30.6
41.0
59.4
80.0
95.3
95.8
97.8
1 ;
100.0 '
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARS
99.2
96.8
93.0
93.1
99.0
92.5
93.9
93.3
79.0
61.1
77.8
68.2
28.2
6.6
10.3










DSL


.6


6.3
2.2
1.2
.3
1.6
.5
.8













FOUR
VALVE












16.3
18.9
36.9
63.6
48.6
43.9
19.9
20.3
25.7
51.1
40.7
49.6
44.2
DESIGNED
DOM
34.8
49.7
37.4
33.7
32.5
19.2
41.6
44.9
35.0
53.4
35.2
49.1
35.1
34.5
36.3
21.0
43.7
40.4
73.6
15.8
80.2
60.4
71.9
66.1
67.4
EUR
10.9
5.2
7.2
9.6
1.4
6.7
3.5
1.8
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.8
6.5
2.0
1.2

1.8
.8
1.3
3.5
7.0
4.6
7.2
7.7
ASIA
54.3
45.1
55.4
56.7
66.1
74.1
54.8
53.3
64.0
45.2
63.4
49.6
63.1
58.9
61.8
77.8
56.3
57.8
25.6
82.9
16.3
32.7
23.5
26.6
24.9
H-8

-------
Table H-9
                                                t|   Appendix H




                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                     MIDSIZE WAGON
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
289
485
548
503
482
257
272
284
276
365
341
409
359
285
239
184
122
137
166
138
176
169
149
151
157

FRAC
.035
.050
.048
.045
.045
.027
.031
.036
.034
.034
.032
.037
.033
.027
.024
.021 ,
.014
.017
.020
.016
.019
.021
.018
.019
.020
FUEL
CITY
11.4
14.0
14.4
16.3
16.9
18.4
20.2
20.6
21.2
21.6
21.6
22.1
21.7
22.0
21.4
21.0
21.4
21.5
21.7
21.5
22.1
21.9
22.0
22.1
21.8
ECONOMY
HWY
16.5
19.4
19.6
22.6
22.9
25.8
28.0
28.9
29.9
31.0
31.6
33.1
33.0
34.4
33.8
33.9
34.7
35.5
35.2
35.2
35.6
34.7
34.3
34.4
34.2
55/45
13.2
16.0
16.3
18.6
19.1
21.1
23.1
23.7
24.4
25.0
25.2
26.0
25.6
26.2
25.6
25.3
25.9
26.2
26.2
26.0
26.6
26.3
26.3
26.3
26.1
WGHT
LB
4791
4555
4410
3836
3758
3534
3285
3384
3348
3298
3356
3355
3434
3378
3436
3498
3506
3503
3498
3532
3482
3661
3666
3606
3665
VOL
CO- FT


143.6
140.0
139.7
139.7
136.2
136.1
136.2
135.9
130.2
137.8
140.2
139.4
139.9
141.6
142.3
142.6
137.7
137.4
135.9
136.9
136.5
135.3
136.2
ENGINE
CID
361
315
297
258
249
228
193
205
200
172
170
162
173
171
176
181
181
188
188
180
167
161
160
154
159
HP
162
142
135
123
118
107
103
108
109
107
112
115
125
126
132
139
140
143
144
151
148
153
158
167
171
0-60
TIME
13.8
14.8
15.1
14.4
14.7
15.0
14.5
14.3
14.1
14.1
13.9
13.6
13.0
12.7
12.4
12.0
12.0
11.8
11.7
11.4
11.4
11.6
11.3
10.7
10.6
TOP
SPD
115
110
109
109
108
106
107
108
108
108
109
110
113
114
116
118
118
119
120
122
121
122
123
127
127
HP/
CID
.473
.458
.459
.484
.480
.482
.562
.551
.568
.633
.679
.718
.735
.743
.765
.781
.793
.777
.790
.863
.915
.965
1.001
1.089
1.083
HP/
WT
.0337
.0311
.0304
.0319
.0312
.0302
.0315
.0319
.0323
.0323
.0332
.0341
.0362
.0371
.0382
.0395
.0398
.0406
.0410
.0427
.0426
.0421
.0433
.0463
.0467
TON
-MPG
32.1
36.7
36.1
35.8
36.1
37.5
38.1
40.3
41.0
41.4
42.4
43.6
44.0
44.5
44.1
44.4
45.5
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.5
48.2
48.1
47.6
47.8
CU-FT
-MPG


2368
2630
2698
2985
3187
3265
3368
3428
3280
3592
3606
3677
3597
3593
3701
3747
3626
3584
3627
3614
3590
3580
3563
C0-FT-
TON-MPG


5190
5010
5046
5231
5187
5481
5586
5622
5531
6014
6182
6199
6177
6281
6484
6560
6340
6327
- 6313
" 6612
6576
6448
6517
  PERCENT OF MIDSIZE WAGON:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT






35.6
28.2
32.8
69.9
69.5
82.2
83.9
87.7
77.5
81.1
79.6
80.8
87.0
89.0
64.8
61.0
48.5
39.5
40.7
4WD










4.5
2.1
.1
.7
8.2
.4
1.3
.6
.6
.4
27.8
39.0
51.5
59.4
57.1
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
4.0
7.1
4.6
5.3
5.3
9.9
12.8
7.4
6.2
6.5
5.9
9.1
4.4
3.8
7.1
1.7
2.4
1.7
1.8
1.6
10.1
12.9
13.4
13.6
14.3
LOCK



17.2
9.1
43.8
28.5
62.6
50.2
62.5
64.7
71.0
83.6
87.2
80.7
87.9
85.6
88.9
91.2
94.0
86.7
87.1
86.6
86.4
85.7
FUEL METERING
FI
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
4.3
6.9
5.7
7.9
30.7
56.2
79.3
94.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.9
99.2
100.0
TBI









20.3
30.5
28.0
22.8
29.8
12.3
1.5
.7
.3







PORT
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.5
4.3
6.9
5.7
7.9
10.4
25.7
51.3
71.7
70.2
87.7
98.5
99.3
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.9
99.2
100.0
GARB
92.2
96.5
96.2
96.8
95.0
89.8
87.2
88.0
89.8
66.8
42.0
20.6
4.7












DSL
.2
.1
.3
.3
2.5
5.9
5.9
6.3
2.3
2.5
1.8
.2
.8








.8
.1
.8

FOUR
VALVE














1.0
3.4
3.6
10.3
17.3
20.1
51.4
63.5
67.6
79.5
72.1
DESIGNED
DOM
91.7
96.4
96.2
96.7
96.4
93.6
91.2
90.8
90.5
88.1
83.2
76.2
84.9
82.3
76.3
79.2
77.0
74.9
68.1
63.3
44.9
44.2
37.7
22.7
28.8
EUR
8.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.6
6.4
8.8
9.2
9.5
11.9
11.4
11.1
11.3
13.9
15.6
20.8
:£3 . 0
18.5
13.7
21.9
17.0
13.5
10.8
26.5
25.0
ASIA










5.4
12.7
3.8
3.7
8.0


6.6
18.2
14.8
38.1
42.3
51.5
50.9
46.3
                                                                                                              H-9

-------
                                              Appendix H
able H-10
MODEL
YEAR

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
SALES
(000)

197
207
340
293
275
102
108
146
130
176
145
120
88
75
63
31
34
27
19
16
10
9
FRAC

.024
.021
.030
.026
.026
.011
.012
.019
.016
.017
.013
.011
.008
.007
.006
.004
.004
.003
.002
-002
.001
.001
'viiii
FUEL
CITY

10.3
11.8
13.6
13.8
14.2
16.3
16.7
16.0
16.3
16. 6
I?". 3
18.1
18.3
19.0
18.7
18.8
18.7
18.3
18.1
18.6
18.5
18.7
CHARACTERISTICS OT 1975 TO 3.999 ,:SHT-DOTT VEHICLES
ECONOMY
HWY 55/45
111
14.9 li.9
16.5 13.5
18.7 15.5
19.7 15.9
19.3 16.1
24.2 19.1
26.0 19.9
25.4 19.2
25.9 19.6
26.3 19.9
28.0 20.9
30.0 22.0
29.9 22.1
30.4 22.8
29.9 22.5
30.2 22.7
31.8 22.9
32.0 22.7
32.1 22.5
32.0 22.9
31.9 22.8
32.8 23.2
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT

5453
5444
4713 163.1
4664 162.4
4466 162.5
4423 161.5
4394 161.4
4396 161.3
4379 161.6
4371 161.7
4354 161.7
4381 161.4
4348 161.8
4349 161.7
4334 161.8
4337 161.6
4402 169.1
4500 170.3
4500 168.9
4500 169.2
4500 167.6
4500 170.2
ENGINE 0-60
CID HP TIME
r
410 iai i4.o
416 185 13.7
365 161 13.6
354 162 13.4
333 155 13.4
323 134 15.2
312 131 15.3
306 139 14.6
307 142 14.1
305 144 13.9
305 153 13.2
304 146 13.9
304 143 14.0
304 143 14.0
304 143 13.9
304 143 13.9
304 177 11.9
338 177 12.1
340 174 12.2
350 250 9.1
350 250 9.1
350 260 8.9
TOP "
SPD

116
117
115
116
115
109
108
110
112
112
115I! ' .
113
112
112
112
112
122
121
120
144
144
147
HP/ HP/
CID WT

441 .0332
445 .0339
442 .0341
460 .0348
465 .0346
418 .0302
424 .0298
456 .0316
465 .0324
472 .0329
504 .0354
479 .0334
470 .0330
4-} .0330
4-1 .0331
471 .0331
581 .0404
526 .0393
513 .0385
714 .0554
714 .0555
743 .0577
TON
-MPG

32.7
36.9
36.9
37.3
36.1
43.2
44.7
42.6
43.0
43.6
45.6
48.3
48.2
49.7
48.8
49.2
50.4
51.1
50.7
51.6
51.3
52.2
LARGE WA
C0-FT
-MPG


2567
2601
2633
3152
3273
3130
3174
3227
3382
3558
3583
3691
3643
3664
3877
3865
3804
3878
3824
3946
i 	 i..
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
I-

6008
6056
5872
6975
7199
6872
6944
7049
7360
7791
7789
8025
7887
7942
8535
8695
8560
8726
. 8603
8879
PERCENT OF LARGE WAGON:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD






































i!1 „ '!,



.2



TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
r















:.

	





1




74.0
LOO.O
LOO.O
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
i






.2 .2

24.1 24.1
25.8 25.8
29.2 29.2
23.7
30.3
30.2
33.1

32.7
100.0 80.5
100.0 100.0
100.0 99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
loo.o
100.0
100.0
98.6 1.4
100.0
73.3 26.7
74.6 25.2
89.0 11.0
71.3 4.6
72.7 1.5
70.4 .4
23.7 76.3
30.3 69.7
30.2 69.8
33.1 66.9
I
32.7 67.3
19.5

.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
FOUR
VALVE























DESIGNED
DOM EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100 .
IOC
99 .
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
ASIA








1





































[ ,








"'





j '! it







H-10

-------
Table H-ll
MODEL SALES
- Appendix H
CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-OUT? VEHICLES
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
2 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
8 .
16 .
11 .
15 .
14 .
83 .
93 .
102 .
126 .
55 .
35 .
30 .
15 .
40 .
12 .
11 .
6 .
2 .
001 18.0 25.1 20.6
001 16.8 25.8 19.9
001 19.1 27.6 22.2
001 17.4 24.5 20.0
003 16.5 22.6 18.7
008 16.3 23.9 19.0
006 16.3 22.3 18.5
008 19.7 24.9 21.7
006 17.4 23.5 19.7
025 23.1 29.5 25.6
025 23.0 29.6 25.5
023 23.1 29.8 25.7
030 21.8 28.3 24.3
012 21.7 29.0 24.5
008 22.5 29.1 25.0
008 21.1 28.5 23.9
004 21.3 28.3 24.0
010 23.4 33.3 27.0
003 24.4 35.0 28.2
002 23.1 34.1 27.0
001 22.8 33.1 26.5
000 22.2 33.4 26.2
LB
3498
3500
3500
3500
3500
3618
3644
3668
3567
3313
3270
3298
3299
3402
3390
3554
3402
3217
3032
3248
3163
3416
CID
118
120
120
120
120
120
120
111
118
120
121
131
134
134
130
140
124
129
121
135
134
142
HP
78
67
67
67
67
67
67
61
69
87
88
95
98
100
98
120
95
115
120
130
130
134























TIME
19.1
20.9
20.8
20.9
20.9
21.4
21.6
23.4
20.9
16.6
16.2
15.3
15.0
15.1
15.3
14.0
15.8
13.0
12.0
11.9
11.7
12.1
SPD
96
92
92
92
92
91
91
89
92
100
101
104
105
105
104
111
103
112
115
117
118
117
CID
.654 .
.557 .
.557 .
.558 .
.558 .
.558 .
.558 .
.549 .
.582 .
.720 .
.726 .
.728 .
.736 .
.751 .
.755 .
.854 .
.761 .
.901 .
.990 .
.965 .
.966 .
.947 .
WT
0204
0179
0180
0185
0188
0182
0181
0164
0185
0263
0270
0289
0299
0294
0289
0339
0276
0352
0390
0396
0407
0374
TON
-MPG
36.1
34.9
38.9
35.0
32.9
34.4
33.8
42.1
35.7
42.8
41.9
42.6
40.3
41.9
42.5
42.6
40.7
43.5
42.9
44.0
42.1
44.8
OF SMALL VAN:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT








4.2
20.0
18.7
22.4
20.5
21.1
27.6
55.8
42.3
84.4
98.5
66.1
27.3
92.3
4WD MANUAL LOCK
43.3
84.8
89.9
85.0
81.2
82.9
81.2
89.0
76.9
41.9 50.1
3.2 40.8 53.3
13.1 36.4 60.8
17.0 30.4 66.8
16.0 28.4 68.6
21.3 30.0 65.4
22.8 20.8 55.9
28.4 45.2 36.5
15.6 26.8 73.2
1.5 14.5 85.5
33.9 14.1 85.9
72.7 18.8 81.2
7.7 3.8 96.2
FUEL
FI
61.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.7
93.6
80.0
78.1
64.5
83.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI












18.1
18.4
.3
1.0






PORT











64
65
81
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100











.5
.1
.6
.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
CARB
38.9








17.6
21.9
35.5
16.8









DSL







38.3
6.4
2.4












FOUR
VALVE


















69.3
23.3
100.0
100.0
DESIGNED
DOM








4.2
2.4












IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
ioo.o
100.0
100.0
95.8
97.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
SMALL VAN
    H-ll

-------
f I
        table H-12
                                                           Appendix H
                                           I;                  II'           .    '
                                       CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999  LISHT-DOTT VEHICLES
MODEL
YEAR

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1933
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)

302
308
313
399
313
130
138
180
230
420
600
782
848
941
1100
1197
943
1088
1323
1262
1552
1298
1105
1364
1341
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC

.152
.118
.111
.122
.101
.070
.076
.094
.100
.125
.163"
.180
.205
.206
.248
.315
.233'"
.268
.278
.230
.270
.247
.178
.268'
.197
CITY

12.0
12.6
12.9
12.6
13.1
15.0
15.9
15.9
16.4
16.8
17.5
18.1
18.4
18.7
18.7
18.3
18.7
18.7
19.0
18.8
18.8
19.2
19.1
19.6
19.0
HWY

15.3
16.5
16.4
15.6
16.0
20.0
21.2
21.1
22.3
23.2
23.7
25.3
26.2
27.3
27.2
26.9
27.4
27.5
28.5
28.0
28.5
29.4
29.0
30.4
29.7
55/45
1
i3.3
i4.i
14.3
13.8
14.3
16.9
17.9
17.9
18.7
19.2
ig.a
20.8
21.2
21.8
21.8
21.4
21.9
21.8
22.3
22.0
22.2
22.8
22.6
23.3
22.7
WGHT
LB

4230
4277
4348
4345
4506
4230
4248
4266
4396
4081
3945
' 3964
3959
3974
3980
4080
4079
4102
4033
4076
4041
4115
4134
4087
4237
ENGINE'
CID

310
317
326
327
320
288
279
284
294
248
233
224
226
223
218
225
214
218
211
218
226
211
210
208
216
HP

141
143
149
152
137
136
134
139
141
127
131
129
146
148
146
1
149
148
152
153
157
158
168
168
173
179
0-60
TIME

13.9
14.0
13.6
.13.3
15.0
'14.3
14.6
14.3
14.5
14.8
14.1
14.3
12.9
12.7
12.9
13.0
13.0
12.8
12.5
12.4
12.3
11.8
11.9
11.5
11.4
TOP
SPD

112
112
114
115
109
111
110
111
111
109
111
110
116
117
116
116
116
117
118
119
lig '
122
122
124
124
HP'/
CID

.453
.449
.456
.465
.433
.475
.480
.485
.480
.537
.586
.595
.671
.691
.700
.682
.714
.713
.741
.731
.717
.806
.807
.840
.837
HP/
WT

.0332
.0332
.0341
.0349
.0303
.0317
.0312
.0321
.0318
.0307
.0329
.0322
.0367
.0372
.0366
.0364
.0362
.0369
.0380
.0384
.0389
.0410
.0406
.0424
.0423
TON
-MPG

28.8
30.7
31.4
30.5
32.6
35.9
38.2
38.3
41.5
39.7
39.7
41.5
42.3
43.5
43.6
43.9
44.8
45.0
45.1
45.1
45.0
47.0
46.8
47.7
48.1
          PERCENT OF MIDSIZE VAN:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT






.6


32.0
40.4
29.7
33.1
42.4
39.0
47.9
41.2
47.8
53.4
58.2

65.5
80.0
72.1
87.8
83.3
"4WD














.1
6.4
11.5
5.6
4.9
6.9

9.4
2.5
5.4
4.3
4.5
TRANSMISSION
"MANUAL
19.1
17.6
11.8
10.6
1 13.5
21.9
16.0
10.5
9.1
12.0
6.1
5.7
3.9
2.6
2.3
1.1
.7
.8
1.1
.4






LOCK




10.4
71.3
81.1
78.7
77.2
48.7
45.9
61.5
70.6
83.1
80.2
95. 1
99 . 0
98.3
98.6
98.7
1
99.5
99.5
99.5
100.0
100.0
FUEL METERING
FI










1.1
32.7
73.6
99.7
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TBI











21.7
36.8
49.8
47.9
43.6
39.7
31.3
22.6
20.9

13.1
PORT










.1
10.9
36.9
49.9
52.0
56.3
60.2
68.6
77.4
79.1

86.9
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.9
98.5
98.5
67.1
26.3
.2








DSL








7.1
1.5
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1




100.0
100.0
100.0
loo.o
FOUR DESIGNED
VALVE DOM
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.9
96.0
86.4
92.0
85.2
1.4 88.2

3.4 85.7
5.0 88.5
6.0 85.9
9.5 86.6
11.9 86.1
IMPORT














3.1
4.0
13.6
8.0
14.8
11.8

14.3
11.5
14.1
13.4
13.9
MIDSIZE VAN
        H-12

-------
Table H-13
                                                  Appendix H




                               CHARACTERISTICS  OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                       LARGE  VAN
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
153 .
192 .
199 .
224 .
159 .
96 .
96 .
115 .
138 .
174 .
162 .
160 .
140 .
137 .
142 .
35 .
76 .
93 .
106 .
112 .
104 .
109 .
139 .
182 .
170 .
077
074
070
068
052
052
053
060
060
052
044
037
034
030
032
009
019
023
022
020
018
021
022
028
025
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
11.1 15.1 12.6
11.8 16.3 13.4
13.9 18.1 15.5
13.5 17.4 15.0
10.8 14.2 12.1
14.2 18.8 16.0
15.0 19.6 16.8
14.4 18.8 16.1
14.3 19.2 16.2
14.4 19.8 16.4
14.1 19.3 16.1
15.4 21.2 17.6
14.8 20.7 17.0
14.7 20.8 16.9
14.6 20.5 16.8
14.0 19.8 16.1
14.4 20.7 16.7
14.5 21.3 16.9
14.6 21.2 17.0
14.5 21.6 17.0
14.6 21.6 17.1
14.6 21.7 17.1
15.8 23.9 18.6
15.6 23.6 18.4
15.1 23.0 17.8
WGHT
LB
4135
4081
4110
4088
4665
4639
4513
4548
4532
4421
4491
4610
4659
4858
4821
5095
4943
5132
5132
5156
5185
5153
5120
4976
5188
ENGINE
CID
334
335
343
335
336
315
310
314
314
314
312
306
309
309
309
317
312
315
315
318
314
325
300
299
304
HP
148
151
158
145
163
133
128
131
134
143
146
142
155
156
155
167
162
167
178
183
178
197
221
221
228
0-60
TIME
13.7
13.3
12.6
13.3
13.5
15.5
15.6
15.5
15.1
14.4
14.3
14.9
13.9
14.3
14.3
14.2
14.1
14.2
13.5
13.3
13.7
12.7
11.3
11.0
11.1
TOP
SPD
115
117
119
114
116
107
107
107
108
111
112
110
113
113
113
114
114
114
117
118
117
122
129
130
130
HP/
CID
.434
.444
.459
.429
.480
.421
.414
.418
.429
.451
.464
.464
.500
.501
.501
.523
.518
.527
.565
.576
.567
.604
.740
.742
.751
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
.0354 26
.0369 28
.0384 32
.0353 31
.0347 28
.0284 37
.0282 38
.0286 37
.0295 37
.0320 36
.0322 36
.0306 40
.0331 39
.0319 41
.0321 40
.0321 41
.0325 41
.0324 43
.0347 43
.0355 43
.0343 44
.0383 44
.0431 48
.0445 45
.0439 46
.4
.0
.2
.2
.6
.6
.2
.0
.0
.6
.3
.8
.8
.3
.7
.3
.4
.6
.7
.8
.3
.1
.2
.8
.3
OF LARGE VAN:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT




















1.7

1.2

.5
4WD


















.2






TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
31.4
24.8
17.4
16.5
13.9
22.2 1.6
23.5 2.6
14.4 .4
10.3 35.6
11.2 35.8
6.5 49.5
4.8 52.8
2.0 50.4
1.5 52.5
1.2 51.1
70.7
77.6
83.7
80.9
83.7
.8 80.2
85.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
FUEL
FI











47.7
84.1
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI












1.4
4.5
5.0
16.9
5.0
2.8
2.7
1.9
5.5




PORT











47.7
82.8
94.7
95.0
83.1
95.0
97.2
97.3
98.1
94.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.1
15.9
.8











DSL











1.2













FOUR
VALVE

























DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.3
100.0
98.8
100.0
99.5




















1.7

1.2

.5
                                                                                                           H-13

-------
                                                   Appendix H
Table H-14
                              CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VBHICLBS
MODEL
YEAR

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)

53
60
72
91
104
60
43
42
55
145
115
177
254
288
228
189
136
129
144
162
189
120
489
236
300
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC

.027
.023
.025
.028
.034
.033
.023
.022
.024
.043
.031
.041
.062
.063
.051
.050
. 034
.032
.030
.030
.033
.023
.079
.036
.044
CITY

14.1
14.2
15.3
15.0
15.5
17.0
18.2
18.5
19.3
19.2
19.1
20.7
21.2
21.3
20.1
20.7
21.5
21.3
21.1
21.3
21.9
25.4
19.8
21.6
21.9
HWY

19.3
18.6
19.8
19.8
18.6
21.8
23.9
23.8
24.5
25.4
27.3
28.7
29.2
29.0
27.3
27.8
26.8
26.7
26.5
27.0
27.8
33.6
27.8
29.4
29.6
55/45
:
16.1
15.9
17.0
16.9
16.7
18.8
20.4
20.5
21.4
21.6
22.1
23.7
24.2
24.2
22.8
23.4
23.6
23.4
23.2
23.5
24.2
28.5
22.8
24.5
24.8
WGHT
LB

2897
2980
3055
2986
3192
3083
3054
2922
2830
3302
3438
3231
3169
3128
3443
3329
3195
3087
3113
3084
2965
2896
3473
3319
3468
ENGINE
CID

273
273
274
275
261
227
224
207
210
186
167
167
161
157
171
162
145
146
150
146
138
107
182
156
150
HP
I
iia
108
in
109
117
95
102
97
100
101
98
118
112
112
120
115'
110
117
121
120
117
106
152
141
143
6-60
TIME
I
11.9
12.7
12.7
12.6
12.7
14.6
13.6
13.9
13.3
14.7
15.5
13.0
13.4
13.2
13.3
13.4
14.0
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.4
12.8
11.2
11.6
11.7
TOP
SPD

117
112
112
112
113
105
108
107
109
106
103
112
110
111
111
110
109
113
114
114
115
111
122
120
119
HP/
CID

. 429
.397
.405
.398
.463
.453
.475
.495
.505
.563
.596
.733
.723
.739
.731
.749
.768
.811
.814
.834
.864
.988
.861
.937
.980
HP/
WT

.0415
.0365
.0366
.0369
.0366
.0305
.0334
.0329
.0348
.0307
.0284
.0360
.0346
.0350
.0346
.0344
.0338
.0372
.0382
.0384
.0391
.0364
.0434
.0421
.0410
TON
-MPG

23.3
24.0
26.1
25.2
26.7
29.3
31.4
30.0
30.2
35.6
38.0
38.2
38.3
37.9
39.4
39.1
38.1
36.7
36.6
36.5
36.3
41.4
39.8
41.4
43.4
  PERCENT OF SMALL UTILITY:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
88.3
85.9
79.1
85.5
87.3
100.0
100.0
74.2
77.2
97.9
100.
100.
9l.
86.
84.
85.
65.
62.
66.
67.
86.
14.9 65.
6.2 78".
11.2 80.
9.2 74.
0
0
0
7
9
8
6
6
4
5
6
6
3
2
5
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
100.0
84.6
90.1
86.9
77.5
\
88.6
90.5 8;8
67.4 6.8
70.5 6.6
42.2 3.2
55
60
65
67
60
64
61
66
63
59
70
39
41
48
42
.1
.2
.3
.3
.4
.6
.0
.5
.5
.8
.4
.7
.6
.1
.9
44
37
25
27
31
31
33
28
31
24
29
60
53
51
57
.0
.4
.3
.3
.1
.6
.9
.8
.0
.6
.6
".3
.9
.9
.1
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
62
48
54
79
84
98
97
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
.3
.2
.0
.9
.2
.7
.7
.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0

4.2
2.3
26.0
36.0
59.4
47.9
40.4
33.3
21.1




62.3
44.0
51.7'
53.9
48.2
39.3
49.7
57.3
66.7
78.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.7
51.8
46.0
20.1
15.8
1.3
2.3
2.3






                                                                   DSL
                                                                         FOUR
                                                                         VALVE
DESIGNED
DOM  IMPORT
                                                                          4.3
                                                                        100.0
                                                                         47.3
                                                                         61.5
                                                                         75.6
88.3
85.9
79.1
85.5
95.3
91.8
94.0
85.3
89.9
94.4
92.1
76.0
61.6
64.8
67.2
56.0
55.9
52.1
56.4
56.8
55.0

52.2
38.5
11.7
14.1
20.9
14.5
4.7
8.2
6.0
14.7
10.1
5.6
7.9
24.0
38.4
35.2
32.8
44.0
44.1
47.9
43.6
43.2
45.0
100.0
47.8
61.5
                                                                                                        SMALL SCJV
 24.4   75.6
H-14

-------
                                                   Appendix H
Table H-15
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975  TO 1999  LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                     MIDSIZE SOV
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
123
168
194
270
187
100
79
98
203
431
563
538
562
610
624
447
904
799
1038
1170
1397
1528
1409
1679
1716

FRAC
.062
.064
.069
.082
.061
.054
.044
.051
.088
.129
.153
.124
.136
.134
.141
.117
.223
.197
.218
.213
.243
.291
.226
.256
.252
FUEL
CITY
11.0
11.9
13.1
12.3
10.8
12.8
13.8
14.5
16.3
16.4
17.0
17.2
17.0
16.8
16.9
16.4
17.3
17.0
17.0
17.0
16.8
17.0
17.6
17.4
17.9
ECONOMY
HWY
13.6
15.4
17.0
16.3
13.4
16.7
18.6
19.4
23.1
23.2
24.6
24.0
24.7
24.4
24.2
24.0
25.5
25.1
25.5
25.0
24.8
25.5
25.7
25.7
26.0
55/45
12.1
13.3
14.6
13.8
11.9
14.3
15.6
16.4
18.8
18.9
19.7
19.7
19.8
19.5
19.5
19.1
20.2
19.9
20.0
19.9
19.6
20.0
20.5
20.4
20.8
WGHT
LB
-4724
4730
4610
4653
4807
4708
4664
4732
4312
4092
4011
4006
3975
4017
4026
4079
4112
4106
4115
4207
4213
4196
4217
4204
4184
ENGINE
CID
349
354
349
358
344
324
317
320
250
226
212
204
216
234
254
243
236
233
242
238
237
249
235
236
231
HP
156
150
153
160
153
145
140
140
126
123
122
126
141
152
161
162
163
170
183
181
179
182
179
187
187
0-60
TIME
14.0
14.5
13.9
13.4
14.5
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.3
15.0
14.9
14.4
13.3
12.6
12.0
12.1
12.0
11.7
11.0
11.3
11.4
11.2
11.5
11.0
10.9
TOP
SPD
113
112
113
115
112
110
109
109
107
107
108
109
114
118
121
121
120
123
127
125
125
126
124
127
127
HP/
CID
.445
.422
.438
.448
.445
.448
.445
.440
.537
.571
.602
.653
.679
.675
.650
.689
.699
.735
.764
.770
.766
.740
.781
.811
.833
HP/
WT
.0325
.0313
.0330
.0343
.0316
.0304
.0297
.0294
.0290
.0298
.0303
.0314
.0356
.0384
.0406
.0403
.0399
.0418
.0449
.0434
.0428
.0438
.0425
.0445
.0449
TON
-MPG
28.6
31.5
33.8
32.3
28.6
34.1
36.8
40.1
41.5
39.5
40.3
39.9
39.7
39.5
39.7
39.1
41.7
40.9
41.4
42.0
41.6
42.2
43.4
42.9
43.6
 PERCENT OF MIDSIZE UTILITY:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
88.4
91.1
89.5
93.9
90.3
95.8
96.8
93.0
89.2
86
81
87
85
87
86
89
79
74
58
.7 76
79
70
1.5 68
1.5 70
1.7 71
.9
.4
.3
.5
.1
.4
.8
.6
.4
.1
.9
.4
.8
.1
.3
.2
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
18.3
17.7
17.8
17.7
19.1 1.2
22.4 29.7
21.0 48.6
19.8 45.0
26.3 56.1
28.2
25.1
33.8
27.6
21.1
16.7
19.6
17.3
17.4
11.6
13.3
10.3
6.1
5.8
8.2
6.1
50.0
59.4
57.1
63.6
70.2
75.4
75.9
81.7
82.6
88.4
86.7
89.7
93.9
94.2
91.8
93.9
FUEL
FI

7.0
50.8
84.8
96.9
97.9
98.4
99.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT


36.9
53.4
46.1
49.2
28.0
34.6
17.4
.6
.4







13.9
31.4
50.8
48.7
70.4
64.9
82.6
99.4
99.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.1
100.0
86.5
95.7
98.8
92.2
47.9
15.0
3.0
2.0
1.5
.4








FOUR
DSL VALVE
2.9
13.5
4.3
1.2
.8
1.3
.2
.1
.1
.1



9.2
19.7
11.2
23.4
22.8
25.3
DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
100.0
99.9 .1
99.5 .5
99.1 .9
99.8 .2
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.0 2.0
95.3
93.4
80.1
79.8
77.5
84.1
67.3
81.5
79.6
84.8
75.9
70.0
83.3
67.4
70.9
67.7
4.7
6.6
19.9
20.2
22.5
15.9
32.7
18.5
20.4
15.2
24.1
30.0
16.7
32.6
29.1
32.3
                                                                                                           H-15

-------
                                                   Appendix H
Table H-16
                              CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                        LARGE SUV
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
1975 11
1976 16
1977 17
1978 19
1979 109
1980 23
1981 14
1982 22
1983 30
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
H-16
iijjjJK' if 	 liilid1
49
57
58
57
69
74
72
54
75
129
169
230
241
559
617
915
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC CITY HWY 55/45
.005 11.1 13.8 12.2
.006 11.3 14.9 12.7
.006 12.3 15.6 13.6
.006 12.0 15.0 13.2
.035 10.3 12.1 11.1
.013 12.6 17.2 14.3
.008 13.6 18.0 15.3
.011 16.0 24.3 18.9
.013 15.1 21.9 17.6
.015 14.5 21.2 16.9
.016 14.3 21.6 16.9
.013 14.3 21.5 16.8
.014 14.5 21.4 17.0
.015 14.2 20.9 16.6
.017 14.1 21.6 16.7
.019 14.1 21.7 16.7
.013 13.8 20.5 16.2
.018 13.3 19.9 15.7
.027 13.9 20.7 16.3
.031 14.1 20.5 16.4
.040 14.3 20.8 16.6
.046 14.7 22.0 17.3
.090 14.8 22.5 17.5
.094 14.7 22.2 17.3
.134 14.1 21.6 16.7
WGHT
LB
	 4728
4904
4870
4953
5260
5188
5127
5410
5327
5247
5248
5227
5501
5518
5716
5720
5570
5578
5652
5628
5576
5534
5348
5249
5502
ENGINE
CID HP
364 171
373 166
371 170
373 168
375 152
340 160
338 170
344 146
355 153
351
350
350
350
351
351
351
328
331
345
343
347
344
328
310
324
157
161!
162
205
199
208
208
197
204
210
2lO
206
247
234
228
239
















0-60
TIME
is.o
13.9
13.6
13.5
15. 8
14.7
13.9
16.5
15.8
15.1
i
14.9
14.7
12.7
13.0
12.9
12.9
13.3
12.9
12.6
12.6
12.7
10.9
11.1
11.2
11.1
TOP
SPD
11$
115
116
116
109
112
115
107
109
111
112
112
122
120
121
121
119
121
122
122
122
133
131
130
131
HP/
CID
.463
.437
.450
.453
.403
.470
.502
.427
.434
.450
.460
.463
.587
.567
.594
.595
.603
.629
.612
.616
.594
.719
.714
.748
.747
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
.0338 28.9
.0321 31.2
.0330 33.7
.0323 32.8
.0287 29.3
.0303 37.3
.0328 39.3
.0269 52.7
.0287 48.7
.0300 45
.0307 44
.0310 44
.0372 46
.0360 46
.0364 47
.0364 47
.0352 45
.0365 43
.0373 46
.0374 46
.0369 46
.0447 47
.0438 46
.0435 45
.0438 46
.3
.9
.5
.9
.0
.9
.8
.3
.8
.2
.2
.3
.9
.9
.6
.0
OF LARGE UTILITY:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4HD MANUAL LOCK



























/ 	 'viuQii
i'l iij f
13.5 13.4
22.8 14.6
18.4 13.9
26.9 19.3
16.1 15.3
30.0 17.8 78.6
25.4 3.1 96.9
28.7 1.1 98.9
30.5 .9 99.1
30.2 1.0 99.0
31.3 .9 99.1
32.8 .6 99.4
36.2 .6 99.4
4i.O .5 99.5
43.4 .5 99.5
42.8 .3 99.7
54.1 100.0
67.5 .6 99.4
64.6 .5 99.5
67.0 .4 99.6
71.9 .2 99^8
75.7 100.0
73.4 100.0
77.0 100.0
76.3 100.0

i
,11111,'iiLnlll 	 llBllibHIIliF „„ i 	 ,!lhillilll!liili;iiiiiiliiiiLii:B 	 i 	 liiili, n, , ,!„ 1 In /Mill
FUEL
FI













95.6
96.9
97.6
97.8
97.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.9

IniLi!!,!,!!',;/"!!!!;:'.!!,!!!' 1! 	 li
METERING
TBI













95.6
96.9
97.6
97.8
76.3
88.8
93.2
89.7
95.9






PORT

















21.
11.

















2
2
CARB

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.3
94.1
100.0
46.8
65.0
80.7
' 88.5
91.7



'


DSL





.7
5.9

53.2
35.0
19.3
11.5
8.3
4.4
3.1
2.4
2.2
2.5

FOUR
VALVE



















6.8
10.
4.
99.
ibo.
99.
99.


3
1
9
0
9
9









1


.1

.1
.1


9.5
3.9
7.7
4.4
2.2
3.6


DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT

ioo.o
100.0
100.0
100.0'
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.8
88.8
93.2
90.5
96.1
92.3
95.6
90.9
91.7



















21.2
11.2
6.8
9.5
3.9
7.7
4.4
9.1
8.3



-------
Table H-17
                                                  Appendix H
                                                '
                                                             .
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF  1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                    SMALL PICKUP
MODEL SALES
YEAR
1975
1976
1977.
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
FUEL ECONOMY
(000) FRAC CITY HWY 55/45
160 .
173 .
241 .
264 .
358 .
452 .
369 .
346 .
312 .
423 .
497 .
743 .
441 .
340 .
354 .
289 .
309 .
252 .
263 .
358 .
298 .
221 .
131 .
256 .
232 .
081 19.2 28.5 22.5
066 20.3 30.0 23.8
085 22.1 31.5 25.5
081 22.7 30.2 25.6
116 19.9 27.6 22.8
243 21.6 28.9 24.3
203 25.0 33.3 28.2
181 24.3 32.2 27.3
136 24.0 31.8 26.9
127 23.3 30.8 26.1
135 23.8 31.4 26.7
171 22.9 30.9 25.9
107 22.9 31.1 26.0
075 22.2 29.5 25.0
080 21.2 28.4 23.9
076 21.9 29.5 24.8
076 22.0 29.9 25.0
062 21.7 29.4 24.6
055 23.1 31.5 26.3
065 21.8 30.0 24.9
052 21.5 29.3 24.4
042 21.7 29.5 24.6
021 22.0 29.7 24.9
039 21.9 30.0 24.9
034 21.6 29.4 24.5
WGHT
LB
2756
2775
2771
2799
2793
2790
2819
2899
2976
3035
3098
3141
3135
3200
3328
3293
3324
3321
3232
3355
3385
3362
3349
3421
3484
ENGINE
CID
118
119
120
119
120
122
130
137
142
142
143
145
147
148
153
153
152
152
147
151
157
159
146
159
162
HP
96
98
96
92
86
88
85
89
96
97
103
105
107
113
119
129
128
126
123
125
138
147
134
150
151


























0-60
TIME
13.3
13.2
13.3
13.8
14.5
14.2
15.0
14.8
14.0
14.1
13.6
13.5
13.3
13.0
12.9
12.0
12.1
12.3
12.3
12.4
11.6
11.0
11.7
11.0
11.1
TOP
SPD
108
109
108
107
104
105
103
104
106
106
108
109
110
111
112
116
116
115
115
114
119
122
118
123
123
HP/
CID
.814
.828
.804
.774
.715
.723
.654
.651
.679
.684
.718
.726
.732
.757
.774
.844
.845
.828
.835
.829
.879
.926
.918
.949
.940
HP/
WT
.0347
.0352
.0347
.0330
.0308
.0316
.0301
.0307
.0323
.0320
.0333
.0338
.0345
.0353
.0359
.0395
.0389
.0383
.0383
.0377
.0411
.0439
.0405
.0442
.0437
TON
-MPG
31.1
33.1
35.5
35.9
32.2
34.5
40.5
40.4
40.6
40.1
41.6
40.9
40.9
40.1
40.0
41.2
41.8
41.2
42.7
42.0
41.5
41.4
41.7
42.8
42.8
OF SMALL PICKUP:
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT





5.8
9.1
9.3
9.8
2.9















4WD MANUAL LOCK
88.4
80.1
79.8
8.8 88.5
26.3 90.3
24.5 91.2
31.6 94.8 .1
30.7 92.3 .3
30.9 90.4 1.6
32.5 88.7 3.2
31.7 85.0 6.9
29.9 85.1 7.9
29.6 81.3 9.9
38.4 83.2 8.5
38.0 79.9 14.1
31.5 81.5 14.3
34.7 79.6 14.9
36.8 80.8 13.3
27.1 81.8 12.2
39.5 81.4 11.5
37.8 73.2 20.0
36.6 69.2 18.7
20.8 79.6 20.4
36.3 67.8 19.6
39.6 67.6 23.4
FUEL
FI





3.3
2.5
1.0
.4
4.6
13.8
38.6
48.2
71.8
86.0
88.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI











28.1
39.2
31.4
34.9










PORT











10
9
40
51
88
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100











.5
.0
.4
.1
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.2
75.6
79.3
93.6
90.7
84.3
60.4
51.8
28.2
14.0
11.6









DSL





2.5
22.0
19.7
6.0
4.6
1.9
1.0













FOUR
VALVE




















30.1
59.8

100.0
92.9
DESIGNED
DOM






.8
2.0
1.4
3.8
.1














IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
98.0
98.6
96.2
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                                                                                                           H-17

-------
Table H-18
                                                   Appendix H




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT-DUTT VEHICLES
MIDSIZE PICKUP
i MODEL
i YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
56
54
66
75
101
98
130
315
621
703
616
788
1052
1055
887
600
873
716
743
982
700
698
807
779
730
FUEL
FRAG CITY
.028 18.6
.021 20.1
.023 25.8
.023 26.0
.033 22.9
.052 22.8
.072 23.1
.165 23.1
.270 23.0
.210 22.2
.168 22.1
.181 22.6
.254 22.0
.231 21.8
.200 21.5
.158 21.3
.216 21.1
.176 20.3
.156 20.3
.179 20.8
.122 21.2
.133 21.1
.130 20.8
.119 20.1
.107 20.0
ECONOMY

HWY 55/45
25.1 21.
27.7 22.
35.9 29.
34.8 29.
30.8 25.
30.9 25.
31.8 26.
32.9 26.
32.5 26.
31.8 25.
32.1 25.
32.0 26.
31.4 25.
31.3 25.
30.5 24.
30.5 24.
30.7 24.
30.0 23.
29.8 23.
30.3 24.
31.1 2*4.
31.4 24.
30.6 24.
29.8 23.
1
9
5
3
9
9
4
7
5
7
7
1
4
3
8
7
6
8
7
2
7
8
3
6
29.5 23.4
WGHT
LB
3000
3000
3000
3000
2971
2944
2909
2936
3016
3093
3064
3081
3163
3205
3278
3338
3352
3493
3521
3598
3631
3668
3719
3728
3746
ENGINE
0-60
CID HP TIME
109 67 18.6
109 65 18.9
125 72 17.5
124 72 17.6
131 80 16.2
133 !
:2 15.7
131 84 15.2
152 98 13.8
146 91 14.8
148 92 14.9
154 97 14.2
147 102 14.0
159 106 13.8
165 110 13.6
177 116 13.2
175 120 13.0
190 125 12.7
195 131 12.7
198 135 12.5
195 143 12.2
190 141 12.3
187 140 12.4
193 145 12.4
195 146 12.3
194 146 12.3
TOP
SPD
95
94
97
96
100
101
102
108
104
104
106
108
109
110
111
112
114
115
116
118
117
117
117
118
118
HP/
CID
.615
.596
.580
.581
.609
.620
.641
.648
.626
.626
.637
.687
.672
.670
.671
.697
.673
.685
.694
.744
.768
.775
.768
.771
.769
HP/
WT
.0223
.0216
.0240
.0238
.0268
.0280
.0288
.0332
.0301
.0298
.0317
.0328
.0334
.0342
.0353
.0358
.0372
.0373
.0383
.0394
.0386
.0381
.0385
.0388
.0387
TON
-MPG
31.6
34.9
44.5
44.4
39.2
38.6
39.0
39.5
40.3
40.1
39.7
40.4
40.4
40.8
40.9
41.4
41.5
41.9
42.0
44.0
45.5 -
46.0
45.9
44.5
44.5
PERCENT OF MIDSIZE PICKUP:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
.•i 1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
" "'! 1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
! 1992
1993
'", 1994
" 1
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
H-18
i
i
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4HD MANUAL LOCK



































4.1
17.3
19.6
19.8
16.8
20.5
19.8
18.7
16.7
14.8
15.5
18.0
17.9
15.6
14.3
17.7
16.8
23.7


; .
68.8
85.5
91.4
86.9
80.2
83.7
88.1
68.7 28.8
72.6 14.2
71.1 16.8
65.1 32.7
73.0 23.7
67.2 28.9
65.0 32.6
62.9 3516
61.6 38.4
63.5 36.5
59.9 40.1
59.4 40.6
57.0 43.0
59.8 40.2
52.9 47.1
51.3 48.7
44.5 55.5
50.7 49.3































FUEL
FI










27.4
57.4
50.8
71.9
80.5
87.2
93.0
91.7
94.3
97.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0



METERING
TBI PORT GARB











26.7
26.5
39.2
46.7
27.9
56.4
32.7
28.9
12.6
17.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.9
96.5
98.0
71.9
30.7 42.4
24.4 48.8
32.7 28.1
33.8 19.5
59.3* 12.8
36.6 7.0
59.0 8.3
65.5 5.7
85.3 2.1
j
82.8
DSL







2.1
3.5
2.0
.7
.2
.3








100.0
FOUR DESIGNED
VALVE DOM IMPORT





















.1
100.0
100.0
100.0





"













70.
73.
68.
84.
62.
65.
78.
77.
74.
85.
84.
91.
96.
96.
99.
100.
100.
100.



100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 29.9
6 26.4
7 31.3
8 15.2
1 37.9
5 34.5
3 21.7
1 22.9
5 25.5
1 14.9
6 15.4
5 8.5
0 4.0
2 3.8
9 .1
0
0
0
•• , ::
II', , 'Fill
.• ""

-------
Table H-19
                                                   Appandix B

                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975  TO 1999 LIGHT-DOTY VEHICLES
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1126
1639
1719
1928
1748
887
940
780
695
917
964
1001
654
1064
990
945
738
872
996
1255
1273
1036
1585
1440
1418

FRAC
.567
.627
.609
.589
.566
.476
.516
.407
.302
.274
.263
.230
.158
.233
.223
.248
.182
.215
.209
.229
.221
.197
.255
.220
.208
FUEL
CITY
11.5
12.4
13.4
13.3
13.1
15.3
16.5
16.5
15.9
15.6
15.6
16.1
15.5
15.6
15.6
15.4
15.6
15.6
15.9
15.6
15.3
15.5
16.0
15.5
15.7
ECONOMY
HWY
15.7
16.3
17.2
16.8
16.2
20.3
22.2
22.2
21.7
21.4
21.1
21.8
21.3
22.2
22.4
22.7
23.0
23.3
23.8
23.3
22.9
23.2
24.2
23.3
23.2
55/45
13.1
13.9
14.9
14.7
14.3
17.2
18.6
18.6
18.1
17.8
17.7
18.2
17.7
18.0
18.1
18.0
18.2
18.3
18.7
18.3
18.0
18.2
18.9
18.2
18.3
WGHT
LB
4241
4301
4318
4326
4486
4312
4124
4233
4270
4291
4292
4283
4375
4436
4444
4497
4476
4562
4552
4614
4672
4718
4802
4839
4853
ENGINE
CID
343
344
347
339
330
305
293
299
302
301
305
298
309
318
318
320
315
312
303
317
316
315
303
307
307
HP
151
146
156
154
149
137
132
136
138
138
149
146
162
173
175
178
178
174
180
189
188
210
222
229
233
0-60
TIME
13.3
13.8
13.1
13.2
14.1
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.3
13.4
13.6
12.8
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.1
12.5
12.1
11.7
11.9
11.1
10.6
10.4
10.3
TOP
SPD
115
113
116
116
113
110
110
111
111
111
114
113
118
121
121
122
122
120
122
124
123
129
132
134
135
HP/
CID
.438
.423
.449
.454
.452
.452
.452
.457
.461
.459
.490
.495
.522
.542
.547
.555
.562
.556
.600
.599
.598
.671
.737
.750
.763
HP/
WT
.0356
.0340
.0361
.0356
.0333
.0317
.0319
.0321
.0323
.0321
.0347
.0340
.0368
.0388
.0393
.0396
.0396
.0381
.0395
.0410
.0402
.0445
.0463
.0474
.0483
TON
-MPG
28.3
30.5
32.7
32.3
32.7
37.6
38.8
40.1
39.4
38.6
38.4
39.3
39.0
40.2
40.3
40.8
41.1
42.0
42.6
42.4
42.2
43.1
45.5
44.2
44.5
 PERCENT OF LARGE PICKUP:
 MODEL
 YEAR

  1975
  1976
  1977
  1978
  1979

  1980
  1981
  1982
  1983
  1984

  1985
  1986
  1987
  1988
  1989

  1990
  1991
  1992
  1993
  1994

  1995
  1996
  1997
  1998
  1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT  4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL  LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI     TBI  PORT  CARS
                                                       DSL
FOUR
VALVE
DESIGNED
DOM  IMPORT
16.1
23.8
25.2
30.5
10.5
21.6
13.4
17.3
22.3
25.1
25.8
28.3
30.8
33.8
34.8
33.9
32.5
32.1
35.0
37.1
41.5
37.9
43.3
51.6
51.4
33.0
32.9
27.7
28.5
27.3
39.5
38.9
30.9
26.4
26.7
25.7
27.0
29.1
26.8
33.2
24.9
27.3
26.8
22.4
15.7
20.7
15.0
10.5
9.5
8.7
1.7
35.5
42.1
42.8
52.2
50.9
48.1
52.5
41.6
54.5
56.6
68.0
71.3
73.1
77.6
84.3
79.3
85.0
89.5
90.5
91.3


9
24
79
99
99
99
99
99
100
100
100
99
99
99
100


.7
.3
.1
.1
.6
.6
.6
.7
.0
.0
.0
.7
.9
.9
.0


.7
2.6
36.0
62.6
60.8
62.6
60.1
54.7
52.1
53.4
44.9







21
43
36
38
37
39
45
47
46
55
99
99
99
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6
96.9
94.5
97.7
90.6
95.5
97.6
89.1
.7 75.0
.1 20.4
.5 .5
.8
.0
.5
.0
.9
.6
.1
.7
.9 .
.9
.0
1.4
3.1
5.5
2.3
9.4
4.5
2.4
1.2
.7
.4
.5
.4
.4
.4
.3



.3
.1
.1

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
100
100
100
100
93
.1 98
2.8 97
3.7 96
1.9 98
.9 99
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.4
.9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.9
.9
.2
.3
.1
.1
.0




.6
.1




6.1
1.1
2.8
3.7
1.9
.9

                                                                                                      LARGE PICKUP
                                                                                                             H-19

-------

-------
          SALES
          (000)
       FRAC
Table 1-1

  MODEL
  YEAR

   1985
   1986
   1987
   1988
   1989

   1990
   1991
   1992
   1993
   1994
  PERCENT OF 1750 Ib. CARS:
                                                    Appendix I

                                CHARACTERISTICS or 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
              FUEL ECONOMY
              CITY  HWY  55/45
      WGHT  VOL
       LB  CU-FT
ENGINE
CID  HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
37
81
38
55
25
.003
.007
.004
.005
.003
51.9
50.8
51.3
47.0
54.1
66.1
63.7
65.4
58.7
67.4
57
55
56
51
59
.4
.9
.8
.6
.4
1750
1750
1750
1750
1750
82.6
84.6
84.4
84.6
90.9
61
61
61
61
61
48
46
46
47
49
15.7
16.3
16.2
16.3
15.4
96
95
95
95
96
4
4
8
10
8
.001
.000
.001
.001
.001
59.1
59.2
59.1
59.1
60.0
74.8
74.7
74.8
74.8
74.7
65
65
65
65
65
.3
.3
.3
.3
.8
1750
1750
1750
1750
1750
89.1
89.1
89.1
89.1
89.1
61
61
61
61
61
49
55
55
55
55
15
14
14
14
14
.5 96
.1 100
.1 100
.1 100
.1 100
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
 TON
-MPG
  1750 Ib. CARS

CU-FT  CU-FT-
-MPG  TON-MPG
787
758
756
766
806
.0273
.0264
.0263
,.0266
.0280
50.4
49.8
50.1
46.0
52.0
4756
4809
4828
4443
5400
4161
4208
4224
3888
4725
803
902
902
902
902
.0280
.0313
.0314
.0314
.0314
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.1
57.6
5815
5815
5815
5815
5864
5088
5089
5088
5088
5131
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1985
   1986
   1987
   1988
   1989

   1990
   1991
   1992
   1993
   1994
 DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
                                       FUEL METERING
                                       FI    TBI  PORT
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                         90.1
                         64.7
                        100.0
                         59.5
                        100.0

                        100.0
                        100.0
                        100.0
                        100.0
                        100.0
  2.8   2.8
100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
             FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
 CARB   DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE

100.0               100.0
100.0               100.0
100.0               100.0
 97.2               100.0
                   • 100.0

                    100.0
                    100.0
                    100.0
                    100.0
                    100.0
                                                          DESIGNED
                                                          DOM  'EUR
                                        ASIA

                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0

                                       100.0
                                      "100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
                                       100.0
1-1

-------
                                                  Appendix I
Table 1-2
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
CHARACTERISTICS
SALES
(000)
105
154
157
270
234
280
209
157
94
92
62
58
106
186
135
71
142
120
111
90
33
37
13
16
4

FRAC
.013
.016
.014
.024
.022
.030
.024
.020
.012
.009
.006
.005
.010
.017
.013
.008
.017
.015
.013
.011
.004
.005
.002
.002
.000
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
27.3 38.5 31.4
28.4 39.8 32.6
3*1.3 44.0 36.0
30.9 41.7 34.9
28.2 38.3 32.0
29.0 39.6 33.0
34.3 44.9 38.4
35.9 47.3 40.3
38.7 51.6 43.6
39.4 52.3 44.3
39.5 52.4 44.4
31.7 45.0 36.6
35.7 46.8 40.0
39.5 49.8 43.6
39.8 49.1 43.5
42.6 55.4 47.5
42.3 54.7 47.1
42.5 54.7 47.3
43.6 56.5 48.6
44.4 56.3 49.1
48.2 62.3 53.7
47.2 60.3 52.3
48.9 63.2 54.4
48.9 63.2 54.4
45.3 59.7 50.8
WGHT
LB
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
OF 1975 TO 1999
VOL
CU-FT


73.7
80.3
80.1
85.7
86.7
87.3
86.0
73.5
60.2
72.3
79.9
91.0
92.4
92.7
88.8
88.8
91.1
91.9
99.9
99.9
90.5
90.5
88.0
ENGI1
CID
83
83
84
90
88
90
86
86
84
86
89
76
70
77
76
72
67
64
67
61
63
72
61
61
61
IE
HP
54
56
61
62
62
63
64
61
61
67
69
56
55
59
59
58
58
56
58
55
57
60
55
55
55
LIGHT DUTY
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
15.9 97
15.6 97
14.4 100
14.3 101
14.3 101
14.3 101
14.0 102
14.5 100
14.4 100
13.5 103
13.3 105
15.4 98
15.9 97
15.0 99
15.2 99
15.2 99
15.3 98
15.6 98
15.2 99
15.8 97
15.4 98
14.8 99
15.7 97
15.7 97
15.7 97
VEHICLES
HP/
CID
.655
.670
.739
.695
.712
.696
.744
.715
.728
.776
.782
.750
.799
.770
.782
.813
.866
.886
.869
.903
.900
.846
.902
.902
.901

HP/
WT
.0271
.0279
.0307
.0312
.0311
.0314
.0320
.0307
.0306
.0334
.0347
.0280
.0275
.0293
.0294
.0289
.0287
.0281
.0290
.0276
.0283
.0298
.0275
.0275
.0274

TON
-MPG
31.5
32.9
36.8
35.3
32.3
33.4
38.8
40.7
44.0
45.0
45.5
38.9
41.7
44.4
44.5
48.0
47.7
47.8
49.2
49.8
53.8
52.6
54.4
54.4
50.8
2000
CU-FT
-MPG


2709
2847
2594
2860
3362
3554
3783
3297
2757
2658
3256
4009
4056
4449
4243
4254
4485
4579
537Q
5253"
4928
4928
4471
Ib. CARS
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


2709
2847
2594
2860
3362
3554
3783
3297
2757
2658
3256
4009
4056
4449
4243
4254
4485
4579
5370
5253
4928
4928
4471
PERCENT OF 2000 Ib. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVE
FROOT
100.0
92.5
100.0
100.0
100.6
100.0
82.7
85.1
91.9
98.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
         DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
         FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK

                      ioo.o
                       89.7
                       87.0
                      100.0
                      100.0
               FUEL METERING
               FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
                6.1
 83.9
 90.6
 93.0
100.0
 96.7

 94.7
100.0
 80.5
 99.0
 65.0

 89.8
 68.4
 53.4
 76.2
 49.8
                      100.0
                      100.0
                      100.0
                      100.0
                      100.0
                              2.5
                              5.3


8
1
11

6
14


.1
.3
.9

.3
.0
57.2
97
98
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
.4
.3
.6
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0








19
46
69
86
71
98
100
100
100
100








.3
.9
.2
.6
.3
.3
.0
.0
.0
.0


8
1
11

6
14
37
50
29
13
28
1






.1
.3
.9

.3
.0
.9
J
.1
.0
.7
.7




100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
91
98
88
100
93
86
42
2
1







.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.9
.7
!
.1
.0
.7
.0
.8
ie
.7
.4






             100.0 100.0
     FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE

            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0

            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0

            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
      2.1   100.0

        .4   100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0

            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
DESIGNED
DOM   EUR  ASIA

      2.3  97.7
     10.1  89.9
      6.0  94.0
     53.9  46.1
     39.8  60.2

     43.3  56.7
      5.4  94.6
     15.3  84.7
      9.4  90.6
          100.0
          ioo.o
     61.2  38.8
     45.9
     14.5
      1.7
54.1
85.5
98.3
                                                                                                     .5
          100.0
           99.5
          100.0
          100.0
          100.0

          ioo.o
          100.0
          100.0
          100.0
          100.0
                                                                                                             1-2

-------
Table 1-3
                                                   Appendix I

                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DCTT VEHICLES
2250 Ib.  CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
375
570
851
886
699
1162
1191
884
985
899
840
745
461
401
280
97
129
146
136
112
161
135
87
32
18

FRAC
.046
.059
.075
.079
.065
.123
.136
.113
.123
.084
.078
.068
.043
.037
.028
.011
.015
.018
.016
.013
.017
.017
.010
.004
.002
FUEL
CITY
24.0
25.8
27.8
28.1
27.5
28.4
30.2
31.3
31.8
32.6
33.2
34.2
34.8
34.8
34.6
35.6
34.0
35.2
34.4
35.3
35.9
34.5
34.8
35.1
34.7
ECONOMY
HWY
36.4
36.1
39.5
38.3
37.9
38.9
41.5
42.7
43.7
44.6
44.7
45.3
45.7
45.6
45.4
45.9
44.6
46.9
45.6
47.5
47.8
46.0
46.7
46.3
45.7
55/45
28.3
29.6
32.1
31.9
31.4
32.4
34.4
35.6
36.2
37.1
37.5
38.5
39.0
38.9
38.7
39.6
38.1
39.7
38.7
39.9
40.4
38.9
39.3
39.4
39.0
WGHT
LB
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
VOL
CU-FT


85.5
85.6
88.0
89.6
91.3
92.5
96.4
97.2
96.9
93.1
89.7
91.7
93.4
87.6
90.3
93.2
94.4
95.7
95.8
95.7
92.1
90.5
87.8
ENGINE
CID
89
91
90
89
88
92
96
94
94
94
94
93
90
90
89
86
88
89
88
86
84
90
81
80
79
HP
66
66
68
67
65
67
68
66
67
68
70
68
69
73
78
77
81
82
81
76
76
78
72
77
80
0-60
TIME
15.3
15.3
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.0
14.8
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.4
14.8
14.6
14.0
13.3
13.5
12.9
12.8
12.8
13.7
13.7
13.5
14.2
13.5
13.1
TOP
SPD
100
100
101
100
100
100
101
100
101
101
102
101
102
104
106
105
107
108
108
105
105
106
103
105
107
HP/
CID
.749
.736
.762
.758
.745
.722
.710
.703
.709
.721
.748
.737
.766
.808
.876
.891
.921
.924
.921
.882
.903
.869
.891
.960
1.001
HP/
WT
.0294
.0295
.0303
.0297
.0291
.0296
.0301
.0294
.0298
.0302
.0311
.0303
.0307
.0325
.0346
.0340
.0359
.0364
.0361
.0339
.0339
.0348
.0322
.0341
.0353
TON
-MPG
32.1
33.6
36.8
36.8
35.9
37.1
39.3
40.5
41.2
42.3
42.7
43.8
44.2
44.2
44.0
45.1
43.7
45.8
44.2
45.4
45.9
43.9
44.5
44.7
44.2
CD- FT
-MPG


2799
2814
2813
2956
3187
3328
3528
3657
3678
3627
3534
3603
3655
3456
3444
3796
3710
3865
3908
3733
3646
3595
3445
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


3149
3166
3165
3325
3586
3744
3969
4114
4138
4080
3976
4053
4112
3888
3874
4271
4173
4348
4397
" 4200
4102
4045
3876
  PERCENT  OF  2250  Ib.'CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
• 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
46.1 90.3
37.5 72.2
43.0 78.9
41.6 80.6
44.8 87.0
57.9 80.7
69.8 82.7 5.0
79.8
93.2
91.1
97.1
96.3
96.3
100.0
100.0
95.4
95.7
99.8
98.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

1.6

.3




4.6
4.3
.2
1.4






74.9
72.6
71.8
65.3
65.5
70.5
69.9
63.5
70.3
69.6
80.0
76.0
30.8
48.7
29.5
39.1
28.0
20.1
6.8
10.2
13.5
21.6
20.1
14.1
18.0
15.0
3.6
22.3
12.5
13.3
17.3
27.7
32.8
4.4
.4

FUEL
FI
22.6
5.7
14.4
16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5
5.7
20.1
23.3
10.2
14.0
13.2
37.5
33.1
59.6
99.1
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
22.6
5.7
14.4
16.7
15.6
14.9
6.5

12.1
16.5
8.6
6.3
3.4
28.1
28.0
20.3
18.8
2.0
1.8

30.1
36.9
61.8


5.7
8.0
6.8
1.6
7.7
9.9
9.4
5.1
39.4
80.3
97.8
98.2
100.0
69.9
63.1
38.2
100.0
100.0
CARB
77.4
94.3
83.7
79.2
79.0
75.7
84.3
89.6
78.5
74.1
89.7
85.9
86.8
62.5
66.9
40.4
.9
.2







FOUR
DSL VALVE
1.9
4.1
5.5
9.3
9.2
4.7
1.4
2.6
.1

1
28
23
19
18
20
16
7
31
38
17
100
100





.6
.0
.1
.3
.1
.6
.1
.0
.6
.4
.3
.0
.0
VEHICI
SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
                                                                                  MID LARGE
                                                                                              DESIGNED
                                                                                              DOM   EUR  ASIA

32
15
13
11
20
33
27
29
36
20
10
7













.9
.7
.9
.3
.5
.3
.0
.4
.9
.9
.0
.1












65
36
33
26
27
26
15
11
7
8



2











.0
.9
.6
.6
.5
.2
.7
.2
.5
.4



.9
.1

.1








35
30
50
59
61
53
51
61
63
54
79
90
92
97
99
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.2
.7
.5
.2
.3
.0
.9
.0
.7
.1
.0
.9
.1
.9
.0
.9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1-3

-------
	 : 	 : 	 : 	 .• 	 r::




	 ;,- 	 -::




	 -:



:,
! lijii < ,




i ' i:
i

i,
•
i



i
	 ;: , ' • ;•.









:;:














•. ;: :!"::, ; 	
r Vi'iij ,!
i llliL'1' II1 n"

-', : j
•! '!!i!
;: ''•* : • !' ' •' Appendix I

table 1-4

:• ' •! 'MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
i|,
1980
1981
1982
' " ' ' 1983
''1 1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Ml • 1997"
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
'„• 197S'
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
II •' '• 1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
J 1994
'I • 1995"
1996
1997
"'• 1998
•II ,,•"•"'*'
1999



SALES
(000)
406
349
465
782
1078

1172
1531
1442
1240
1529
1699
1622
1975
1802
1335
942
748
525
517
424
484
332
329
197
164
" '


'I


ii "

CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999

" : FUEL ECONOMY" WGHT VOL
FRAC.'
.645
.036
.041
.070
.100
, ,| 	
.12*4'
.175
.ifl1
.155
.143
.157
.147
.184
.168
• 133
.107
.088
.065
.061
.050
.052
.042
.0§9
.024
.021
OF 2500 Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
36.0
18.3
20.7
34.3
43.7
47.9
53.6
69.3
68.9
75.4
77.1
94.3
97.7
99.7
97.8
94.4
94.7
94.7
95.8
94.8
95.9
94.3
94.4
100.0
92.5
^g

,!„


3.5
3.9
2.7
.6
13.1
2.4
9.2
.9
_
,,_
2.2
.1
.1


.4





CITY
20.9
22.4
25.5
24.6
24 . 7
H| ""|,I
2" 4. 8
25.8
27.1
28.1
28.4
28.5
29.4
29.3
30.1
30.1
30.9
31.4
31.2
31.6
31.0
32.1
31.9
31.7
31.4
"31.2
CARS:
HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT
30.5 24.4 2500
33.1 26.2 2500
35.8 29.3 2500 90.3
33.5 27.9 2500 91.6
33.1 27.9 2500 90.6
I
33.3 28.0 2500 92.3
35.3 29.4 2500 94.8
38.1 31.2 2500 91.5
39.1 32.2 2500 94.8
40.0 32.7 2500 96.3
40.4 32.8 2500 98.3
40.9 33.7 2500 100.0
40.5 33.4 2500 98.9
40.9 34.1 2500 99.5
41.5 34.4 2500 98.0
42.1 35.1 2500 94.0
43.1 35.8 2500 94.2
43.8 35.9 2500 94.1
45.1 36.5 2500 93.9
44.7 ;36.0 2500 94.4
47.2 37.5 2500 94.1
47.1 37.4 2500 95.4
46.4 37.0 2500 94.8
47.2 37.0 2500 99.4
46.5 36.6 2500 95.4

TRANSMISSION "' FUEL METERING
MANUAL
75.3
67.5
69.3
53.2
56.8
52.5
52.4
57.3
57.2
47.3
11 , ,,"il
58.5
	 49.5
47.7
48.3
52.0
56.7
62.7
53.6
61.9
50.7
48.4
50.2
47.0
42.2
46.3
LOCK Fl TBI PORT
20.4 20.4
12.9 12.9
12.5 12.5
8.0 8.0
2.3 2.3
3.8 3.8
.9 4.1 4.1

ENGINE
CID HP
95 73
97 73
98 75
101 74
101 72
1
104 71
108 76
106 72
106 75
107 78
109 ' 82
106 80
104 78
100 78
98 85
97 89
96 91
97 94
99 93
100 91
100 ! 99
103 102
101 98
103 98
103 101

i
GARB
79.6
87.1
86.3
92.0
97.2
93.5
93.4
8.6 4.6 4.6 92.4
20.7 3.2 .1 3.2
26.4 13.5 1.6 11.9
19. 8 19.9 4.2 15.7
22.1 22.2 5.3 16.9
32.6 33.2 19.5 13.6
41.8 63.4 51.5 11.9
37.6 72.0 47.3 24.7
34.2 95.5 51.0 44.5
36.6 100.0 36.0 64.0
46.3 100.0 17.4 82.6
32.8 100.0 23.3 76.7
41.6 100.0 24.6 75.4
45.6 100.0 100.0
43.6 100.0 100.0
53.0 100.0 100.0
96.3
84.4
78. '4
76.8
66.8
36.6
28.0
4.5




s


57.8 100.0 100.0
53.7 100.0 100.0

LIGHT Dux i
,!«'
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
15.2 101
15.1 101
14.9 102
15.1 101
15.4 tOO

15.6 100
14.8 102
15.4 101
15.0 102
14.7 103
14.0 105
14.3 104
14.6 103
14.5 103
13.6 106
13.0 108
12.8 109
12.5 110
12.5 110
12.8 109
12.0 113
11.7 114
12.2 112
12.1 112
11.9 114

FOUR
DSL VALVE


1.2

.6
2.8
2.5
3.0
.4
2.2
1.7
1.0 .8
2.7
13.6
24.5
30.1
43.1
50.6
35.7
46.9
47.4
45.0
38.8
25.9
30.1

VEHICLES
.1
HP/
CID
.774
.755
.764
.734
.710

.680
.711
.683
.705
.726
.760
.759
.749
.785
.865
.920
.957
.980
.956
.929
.991
.999
.976
.952
.979

VEHICLE
SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.3
99.3
98.6
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0


r
HP/
WT
.0292
.0292
.0298
.0296
.0286

.0283
.0304
.0288
.0300
.0311
.0329
.0320
.0311
.0314
.0339
.0356
.0364
.0375
.0374
.0366
.0395
.0407
.0392
.0390
.0402

SIZE
MID LARGE






3.7
.7
1.4
.1


















TON
-MPG
30.7
33.1
36.9
35.3
35.1

35.3
37.0
39.4
40.7
41.3
41.5
42.4
42.1
42.9
43.2
44.1
45.0
45.2
46.1
45.6
47.3
47.1
46.6
46.4
46.0


2500

CU-FT
-MPG


2674
2582
2543

2607
2816
2898
3104
3194
3284
3399
3330
3418
3'384
3330
3407
3416
3465
3455
3569
3611"
3557
3688
3531

•i ""i . • , • j
Ib. CARS
Ms:1 j; , , " ,1
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


3343
3227
3178 	
' H 1"' " ' i1 i i
3259
3520
3623
3879
3993
" 4i'06" 	 """
4249
4162
4272
4231
4162
4259
4270
4331
4319
44'62 "
4514
4447
4610
4414

DESIGNED '"
DOM



41.6
46.3
38.0
49.8
50.3
42.3
46.5
46.6
42.7
28.2
17.1
14.7
11.9
11.0
14.9
22.9
24.6
30.9
33.6
33.7
43.1
37.4
EUR
47.2
27.1
15.8
10.0
5.6
8.2
5.3
5.9
2.4
8.2
10.5
11.7
8.9
5.7
4.6
3.5
1.4
.4
3.1






ASIA
52.8
72.9
84.2
48.5
48.0
53.7
44.9
43.8
55.3
45.2
4 2" 8 	
45.6
62.9
77.2
80.7
84.6
87.6
84.7
1 73.9
75.4
69". 1" """
66.4
66.3
56.9
62.6
                                                                                                                    1-4
, 1
 II

it!

-------
Table 1-5
                                                   Appendix I




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                   2750 Ib. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
281
203
349
498
459
973
714
961
863
2050
1878
1899
1896
1519
1204
1081
1462
1280
1651
1521
1747
1241
1637
1534
1363
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.034 '
.021
.031
.045
.043
.103
.082
.123
.108
.192
.174
.172
.177
.141
.120
.123
.172
.158
.195
.181
.186
.157
.196
.190
.173
CITY
18.5
21.1
21.3
21.4
20.5
22.1
24.0
24.5
26.2
25.9
26.4
26.4
26.5
27.1
27.3
27.6
27.8
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.1
29.4
29.7
HWY
27.7
30.4
30.9
30.9
30.3
33.3
34.2
36.5
37.0
37.5
37.9
38.2
38.4
39.3
39.7
39.5
40.7
41.1
41.7
42.8
43.1
42.7
43.0
44.2
44.3
55/45
21.7 -
24.5
24.8
24.8
24.0
26.1
27.7
28.8
30.2
30.1
30.6
30.6
30.8
31.5
31.8
31.9
32.5
32.6
33.0
33.6
33.9
33.9
34.0
34.6
34.9
WGHT
LB
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
VOL
CO- FT


80.3
88.6
82.2
96.0
107.2
104.3
106.3
102.7
102.9
102.0
101.7
102.1
101.7
98.7
100.3
98.5
101.9
101.2
102.6
101.5
100.5
100.9
100.9
ENGINE
CID
127
121
126
129
132
141
136
124
124
127
128
125
124
123
118
111
112
110
112
109
109
108
109
111
110
HP
100
95
96
94
94
93
92
87
88
89
93
95
96
97
96
100
100
106
106
108
111
117
112
118
118
0-60
TIME
12.8
13.4
13.3
13.4
13.6
13.6
13.8
14.4
14.2
14.1
13.6
13.4
13.3
13.1
13.3
12.9
12.9
12.3
12.4
12.1
12.0
11.5
11.7
11.3
11.3
TOP
SPD
110
108
109
108
108
107
107
105
105
106
108
108
109
109
109
110
110
113
113
114
115
118
116
118
118
HP/
CID
.799
.794
.765
.740
.710
.665
.678
.707
.712
.705
.735
.769
.790
.804
.820
.919
.913
.972
.955
1.001
1.017
1.086
1.039
1.066
1.078
HP/
WT
.0364
.0346
.0349
.0343
.0340
.0339
.0332
.0315
.0319
.0324
.0340
.0347
.0350
.0353
.0348
.0363
.0364
.0385
.0384
.0393
.0403
.0427
.0409
.0429
.0427
TON
-MPG
30.4
34.1
34.5
34.5
33.3
36.3
38.3
39.6
41.8
41.7
42.2
42.4
42.6
43.5
43.8
44.0
44.8
45.1
45.6
46.5
46.9
46.9
47.0
47.9
48.2
CU-FT
-MPG


2026
2220
2017
2549
2972
3006
3235
3112
3163
3140
31*42
3225
3240
3158
3273
3234
3378
3423
3500
3458"-
3436
3511
3536
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


2786
3052
2773
3505
4086
4133
4448
4279
4349
4318
4321
4435
4455
4343
4500
4447
4644
4706
4813
4754
4725
4828
4862
  PERCENT OF 2750 Ib. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
.4
.9
2.0
.9
5.4
47.9
70.0
77.9
89.4
87.7
93.3
92.7
95.7
97.4
97.5
99.0
99.3
99.5
98.4
98.4
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4WD







3.1
4.0
2.2
2.8
2.9
1.9
1.8
1.1
.9
.2
.5
1.6
.3





TRANSMISSION
MAN0AL
70.7
63.5
67.5
66.7
59.6
53.6
36.0
33.7
31.2
30.5
21.8
34.7
31.5
31.0
29.6
25.7
28.1
30.0
27.3
32.1
27.6
25.1
22.1
25.7
24.5
LOCK







30.2
33.0
36.3
45.1
47.5
44.0
58.1
59.2
65.5
68.0
64.4
69.4
66.4
72.4
74.8
77.5
74.1
75.1
FUEL
FI
3.9
3.6
9.4
5.5
6.1
13.8
18.3
12.2
52.9
54.7
74.0
84.7
83.2
78.6
85.6
99.5
99.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI







5.8
40.6
42.4
59.5
52.6
58.4
59.8
63.8
43.0
36.1
14.0
6.2
.3





PORT
3.9
3.6
9.4
5.5
6.1
13.8
18.3
6.4
12.3
12.2
14.5
32.1
24.7
18.9
21.8
56.5
63.5
85.9
93.8
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CARB
96.1
96.4
90.6
94.5
93.9
86.2
81.1
87.4
46.5
44.3
25.6
15.0
16.6
21.4
14.1
.4









DSL






.6
.4
.6
1.0
.4
.3
.2

.3
.2
.3
.1







FOUR
VALVE











3.0
6.9
7.9
13.1
45.9
45.0
52.6
43.1
67.4
74.7
88.0
75.7
81.5
82.4
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
66.9
43.2
69.7
70.5
85.7
86.0
91.3
92.7
85.9
91.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
MID LARGE





33.1
56.8
30.3
29.5
14.3
14.0
8.7
7.3
14.1
8.8










DESIGNED
DOM
9.2
15.3
21.2
27.7
60.1
69.0
69.8
73.8
76.3
80.6
72.9
59.6
61.0
60.7
64.3
40.4
46.3
40.8
52.8
21.5
53.9
44.1
47.0
50.6
40.9
EUR
17.4
27.3
26.8
13.9
16.1
6.8
7.5
6.5
7.2
2.3
3.2
1.6
1.6
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.3
4.7
.3
.6
.9
.3
.2
.1

ASIA
73.3
57.4
52.0
58.4
23.7
24.2
22.7
19.8
16.6
17.1
23.9
38.8
37.4
32.9
29.5
53.7
48.4
54.5
47.0
77.9
45.2
55.6
52.8
49.4
59.1
1-5

-------
                                                   Appendix I
Tabie 1-6
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DOTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                    3000 Ib. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
ii
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT

MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999


SALES
(000)
828
884
584
903
1286
2026
1626
1554
1515
1994
2037
2829
2743
3146
3402
2856
2714
1918
2021
2033
1933
1796
1765
1302
916
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL
FRAC
.100
.091
.052
.081
.119
.215
.186
.199
.189
.187
.189
.257
.256
.293
.340
.324
.318
.237
.239
.242
.206
.228
.211
.161
.116
OF 3000 Ib.


DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
3.5
2.5
3.6
4.4
2.6
32.0
45.4
53.2
63.0
73.9
77.9
82.2
84.1
90.6
91.3
95.0
93.3
94.2
94.6
98.6
95.4
96.7
95.5
94.0
93.5











.2
.5
i.b
1.9
1.2
1.4
.7
1.5
.7
.9
.8
2 .6
lie
2 1 3
3.1
2.6

'!" i
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT
18.4 26.8
20.1 29.7
20.2 28.6
19.7 27.3
19.1 27.4
20.3 29.4
21.1 30.0
21.9 32.6
22.0 32.8
22.5 33.6
23.0 34.5
23.4 34.9
23.8 35.4
24.2 36.1
24.1 36.2
24.3 36.2
23.9 35.8
24.1 36.4
24.3 36.9
24.6 37.3
25.0 38.6
25.1 39.3
25.1 39.2
25.4 39.6
25.6 39.1
CARS:

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
48.6
50.4
51.3
35.2
39.7
30.9 1.0
21.6 .7
17.0 65.1
17.2 62.7
16.3 58.2
14.4 53.5
"15.1 56.4
15.7 63.5
17.2 66.8
16.4 71.5
20.8 68.8
18.4 72.4
19.7 66.3
19.7 68.9
16.4 75.6
22.1 77.9
20.7 79.3
19.8 80.1
25.4 61.4
40.7 58.8
. i

21.4 3000
23.5 3000
23.2 3000 87.6
22.5 3000 97.3
22.1 3000 96.3
23.6 3000 100.9
24.4 3000 103.8
25.7 3000 104.2
25.8 3000 105.4
26.4 3000 104.9
27.1 3000 106.4
27.5 3000 106.6
27.9 3000 106.3
28.4 3000 105.3
28.4 3000 105.2
28.6 3000 103.9
28.1 3000 104.0
28.4 3000 102.7
28.7 3000 102.6
29.1 3000 102.8
29.7 3000 103.6
29.9 3000 103.1
30.0 3000 102.5
30.3 3000 101.3
30.3 3000 99.4

"
FUEL METERING
FI TBI PORT
17.1 17.1
9.8 9.8
22.4 22.4
18.0 18.0
ENGINE
CID
147
147
146
164
162
164
165
163
161
157
153
151
147
145
146
142
145
146
147
143
139
137
136
133
128


HP
98
95
104
102
100
100
101
103
104
107
110
108
111
114
118
121
124
127
125
124
135
133
134
131
129


CARS
82.
90.
77.
82.
14.1 14.1 85.
7.5 7.5
92.
11.9 11.9 87.
45.5 26.9 18.6 53.
49.2 26.5 22.7 50.
57.2 29.6 27.6 42
72.2 34.7 37.5 27
84.8 49.0 35.7 15
99.1 49.5 49.6
9
2
6
0
8
0
8
8
1
1
4
0
9
100.0 30.1 69.9
97.4 24.0 73.4 2
99.9 25.0 74.9
6
1
100.0 24.3 75.7
100.0 12.8 87.2
100.0 13.2 86.8
100.0 10.5 89.5
100.0 1.4 98.6
100.0 100.0
99.9 99.9
98.5 98.5
97.7 97.7






0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
14.4 107
14.6 106
13.7 109
13.9 108
13.9 108
13.8 108
13.9 108
13.6 109
13.4 110
13.3 111
13.0 112
13.2 111
12.9 112
12.6 113
12.3 115
12.0 111'
11.8 118
11.6 119
11.8 118
11.8 117
10.9 122
11.0 121
11.0 121
11.2 120
11.3 119


FOUR
DSL VALVE




.1
.5
.4
.7
.7
.8
.4
.2 2.3
10.6
14.6
15.0
36.0
34.4
29.4
37.9
37.1
65.5
61.9
.1 68.0
1.5 58.2
2.3 51.0


HP/ HP/
CID WT
.674 .0328
.657 .0316
.715 .0345
.637 .0338
.634 .0333
.624 .0334
.619 .0335
.640 .0342
.658 .0348
.689 .0356
.727 .0366
.723 .0359
.767 .0371
.797 .0379
.815 .0392
:.867 .0405
.868 .0414
.884 .0422
.863 .0416
.881 .0413
.988 .0451
.980 .0443
.993 .0447
.993 .0436
1.003 .0428


VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.0 38.0
71.5 28.5
62.4 37.6
55.3 44.7
52.5 47.5
44.2 55.8
44.4 55.6
39.8 60.2
46.3 53.6 .1
52.4 47.6
73.1 25.6 1.3
67.0 31.9 1.1
79.4 20.6
74.6 25.4
89.6 10.4
86.7 13.3
87.2 12.8
89.5 10.5
90.9 9.1
90.3 9.7
89.2 10.8
91.1 8.9


TON
-MPG
32.6
35.7
35.3
34.2
33.5
35.6
36.8
39.0
39.1
40.0
41.0
41.5
42.3
43.0
42.8
43 . 0
42.5
42.7
43.2
43.8
44.7
45.1
45.1
45.8
45.9


CU-FT
-MPG


2078
2215
2152
2392
2544
2717
2749
2789
2906
2956
2997
3017
3001
2980
2943
2928
2959
3000
3090
3095
3079
3092
3052


DESIGNED
DOM EUR
69.7
66.5
51.7
71.0
70.5
82.0
78.3
77.0
75.5
79.7
81.5
80.6
71.9
71.5
63.3
51.9
54.3
58.9
58.2
57.5
48.5
54.7
47.2
63.8
53.5


7.1
4.0
8.7
8.2
4.9
4.1
3.9
5.0
7.5
11.1
11.0
9.3
8.9
6.5
5.1
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.6
3.0
5.5
7.4
8.9
12.6
22.2


CU-"FT-
TON-MPG


3117
3322
3228
3589
3816
4076
4123
4183
4359
4433
4496
4526
4502
4471
4414
4392
4438
4500
4634
4643
4619
4638
4578


ASIA
23^3
29.4
39.6
20.8
24.7
13.8
17.8
18.0
17.0
9.2
7.5
10.1
1-9.2
22.0
31.7
46.3
44.1
39.4
40.2
39.5
46.0
37.9
43.9
23.6
24.3
.,- I


-------
 Table  1-7
                                                   Appendix I




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                    3500 Ib.  CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1029
933
724
2991
2684
2147
1829
1421
1669
2220
2461
2760
2520
2693
2688
2704
2137
2822
2848
2770
3628
3154
3208
4052
4069
OF 3500
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.125
.096
.064
.268
.249
.227
.209
.182
.209
.208
.228
.251
.235
.251
.268
.307
.251
.348
.337
.330
.386
.400
.384
.502
.517
Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT





.2

.5
.9
8.2
35.2
49.2
64.1
72.8
80.6
84.5
79.7
78.6
87.5
84.7
79.4
89.0
88.8
87.9
89.6
4WD





.4
.5
.6
.8
.2

.5
.4
.2
.2
1.9
2.7
1.7
1.6
1.0
1.4
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.7
CITY
15.9
17.2
17.9
17.6
17.8
18.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.7
20.3
20.3
20.9
20.7
21.0
20.9
21.1
21.5
21.5
21.7
21.9
22.0
22.5
22.6
CARS:
WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
22.0
23.1
24.1
24.6
24.1
25.3
27.4
27.9
29.0
29.2
30.3
32.4
33.2
34.4
34.1
34.5
34.1
34.6
35.1
35.2
35.9
35.8
36.2
36.9
36.7

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
19.3
17.2
16.2
4.7
4.0
3.1
3.4
6.9
8.7
7.7
8.3
8.6
8.8
7.9
6.8
6.3
7.4
5.2
4.6
7.4
6.9
7.5
6.1
6.7
6.6
LOCK



6.4
16.9
37.9
84.4
88.4
83.4
88.9
88.8
88.5
87.8
89.7
88.2
89.6
88.2
92.2
93.7
91.5
91.8
91.8
93.8
93.3
93.3
18.2 3500 227 102 15.6 104
19.4 3500 231 100 15.8 104
20.2 3500 102.4 232 104 15.3 105
20.2 3500 111.1 257 119 13.8 111
20.2 3500 112.3 252 120 13.7 111
20.7 3500 111.3 244 115 14.1 109
22.2 3500 113.3 234 113 14.3 108
22.4 3500 112.0 237 118 14.0 110
22.8 3500 111.8 238 122 13.6 112
22.9 3500 109.6 236 127 13.2 113
23.4 3500 111.9 228 133 12.7 116
24.4 3500 113.5 225 141 12.0 119
24.6 3500 114.0 217 147 11.6 121
25.4 3500 113.5 212 151 11.4 122
25.1 3500 114.2 207 151 11.4 122
25.5 3500 113.0 194 150 11.4 122
25.4 3500 111.2 195 156 11.1 124
25.6 3500 113.6 192 155 11.2 123
26.0 3500 114.2 194 156 11.1 124
26.1 3500 111.7 191 155 11.1 124
26.4 3500 111.9 188 166 10.6 127
26.5 3500 111.5 181 164 10.7 127
26.7 3500 112.5 181 170 10.4 129
27.3 3500 111.6 178 171 10.3 129
27.3 3500 111.2 176 172 10.3 130

FUEL METERING FOUR
FI TBI PORT CARS DSL VALVE
6.5 6.5 91.6 1.9
5.7 5.7 92.9 1.4
6.1 6.1 91.1 2.7
1.4 1.4 98.1 .5
1.3 1.3 97.9 .8
2.2 2.2 96.2 1.7
3.0 3.0 94.5 2.5
9.5 4.4 5.1 85.6 4.9
14.4 5.3 9.1 83.0 2.6
35.6 12.1 23.5 63.0 1.4
69.9 32.3 37.6 29.5 .7
80.1 20.7 59.4 19.9 .1 1.1
92.1 15.0 77.1 7.4 .4 3.1
99.7 11.4 88.2 .3 5.0
100.0 12.'2 87.8 6.9
100.0 2.8 97.2 12.3
99.9 3.9 96.0 .1 16.1
99.9 1.9 98.0 .1 24.0
100.0 .4 99.6 25.6
100.0 100.0 26.1
100.0 100.0 37.5
99.8 99.8 .2 46.7
99.9 99.9 .1 48.9
99.9 99.9 .1 54.6
100.0 100.0 60.2
HP/
CID
.462
.447
.458
.468
.477
.477
.486
.504
.524
.556
.603
.654
.703
.732
.751
.795
.821
.829
.825
.837
.905
.924
.957
.978
.990

HP/
WT
.0291
.0285
.0296
.0341
.0342
.0329
.0321
.0337
.0347
.0362
.0379
.0404
.0420
.0430
.0430
.0429
.0445
.0442
.0447
.0444
.0473
.0470
.0486
.0489
.0491





























VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
97.7 2
98.1 1
97.1 2
34.2 65
23.4 76
18.4 81
13.7 86
27.8 72
35.0 65
39.5 60
35.1 45
33.2 41
36.6 34
30.5 44
22.8 51
23.6 59
30.7 58
21.8 63
17.0 66
27.8 55
27.7 57
25.5 64
25.2 60
21.8 68
26.4 64
.3
.9
.9
.8
.6
.4
.2
.2
.0
.5
.3 19
.3 25
.1 29
.5 24
.7 25
.0 17
.0 11
.6 14
.5 16
.9 16
.4 14
.3 10
.3 14
.9 9
.5 9





.1




.6
.5
.3
.9
.5
.4
.3
.7
.5
.3
.9
.2
.6
.3
.1
TON
-MPG
32.4
34.3
35.9
35.5
35.4
36.5
39.1
39.6
40.2
40.4
41.0
42.9
43.1
44.6
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.9
45.7
45.8
46.4
46.5
47.0
48.0
48.0

CU-FT
-MPG


2104
2253
2273
2325
2534
2546
2577
2538
2629
2787
2818
2902
2887
2893
2837
2917
2986
2926
2966.
2966"
3017
3063
3053

CU-FT-
TON-MPG


3682
3943
3978
4068
4435
4455
4509
4442
4600
4878
4931
5078
5052
5063
4964
5104
5226
5121
5191
5191
5280
5360
5343

DESIGNED
DOM
91.4
92.1
90.6
98.0
97.7
96.2
94.5
91.2
90.1
90.0
86.1
87.1
80.3
84.4
83.0
76.8
72.0
69.9
72.6
70.1
64.7
59.9
57.2
53.1
54.0
EUR
8.6
7.9
9.4
2.0
2.3
3.8
5.2
6.0
4.7
4.4
4.3
5.0
6.2
5.2
5.8
7.9
8.3
5.8
5.5
6.1
6.2
5.8
6.5
7.4
5.9
ASIA






.3
2.7
5.2
5.6
9.5
8.0
13.5
10.4
11.2
15.3
19.7
24.3
21.8
23.7
29.1
34.3
36.3
39.5
40.1
1-7

-------
Table 1-8
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 197S TO 1999 LIGHT DOTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                   4000 Ib. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1089
1977
3323
2235
2643
1316
1312
1215
1445
1702
1671
918
912
829
860
986
1114
1166
1059
1342
1281
1092
1260
898
1202
FRAG
.132
.203
.294
.200
.245
.139"
.150
.155
.181
.159
.ISS
.083
.085
.077
.036
.112
.131
.144
.125
.160
.136
.138
.151
.111
.153
OF 4000 Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FROKT 4WD




5.3
10.9
11.1
11.1
12.5
12.8
13.0
.2
1.1
6.3
8.9
33.2
38.6
41.3
39.2
45.6
44.7
51.6
50.8
53.5
52.7





2.3
.9
1.3
1.3
1.1
.7
."4
.3
.1
.9
1.9
.7
.2
.6
.7
.9
2.4
5.1
FUEL ECONOMY" WGHT VOL
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT
i' I
13.8 18.6 15.6 4000
IS. 6 21.2 17.7 4000
15.8 21.4 17.9 4000 113.5
15.7 21.9 18.0 4000 114.9
15.6 21.5 17.8 4000 119.6
•••J! 1! ;
16.2 23.5 18.8 4000 122.4
17.2 26.0 20.3 4000 123.2
17.3 26.7 20.6 4000 126.4
17.1 26.4 20.3 4000 126.7
17.3 26.8 20.6 4000 126.3
18.2 28.6 21.7 4000 125.3
18.4 29.1 22.1 4000 124.9
18.3 28.4 21.7 4000 122.2
18.5 29.4 22.2 4000 125.8
19.1 30.6 23.0 4000 125.1
I
19.0 31.0 23.0 4000 123.1
19.1 31.7 23.3 4000 124.9
19.3 31.8 23.4 4000 123.4
19.4 31.9 23.6 4000 121.9
19.3 31.8 23.5 4000 121.5
19.2 32.3 23.5 4000 121.3
19.5 32.9 23.9 4000 124.1
19.5 32.8 23.8 4000 123.1
19.5 32.5 23.8 4000 123.2
19.7 32.8 24.0 4000 122.9
CARS:
TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT
7.6 -6 .6
6.9 -4 .4
3.3 .5 .5
3.0 10.4 .9 .9
2.2 10.4 2.8 2.8
!' 1
.9 40.1 7.4 4.9 2.5
.9 82.8 11.5 10.3 1.2
89.6 20.5 18.7 1.8
94.6 39.9 38.0 2.0
95.8 43.2 41.1 2.1
.1 94.8 45.2 41.4 3.8
.2 92.5 52.7 4.4 48.3
4.0 87.9 54.1 3.2 50.9
1.6 92.7 77.2 2.2 75.0
2.5 92.5 98.0 13.6 84.4
/! '; 1
1.8 95.5 99.9 4.6 95.3
1.9 95.4 99.6 12.9 86.8
1.6 97.3 100.0 5.2 94.8
.9 97.1 100.0 4.3 95.7
.8 97.3 100.0 100.0
1.2 96.4 99.6 99.6
1.1 97.1 99.8 99.8
1.0 99.0 99.8 99.8
1.0 99.0 99.6 99.6
2.1 97.9 99.7 99.7
ENGINE
CID HP
292
280
293
305
311
302 '
295
287
287
289
294
299
294
289
275
263
265
258
253
248
253
249
248
248
239

130
122
133
145
147
136
133
135
139
139
148
154
157
160
154
165
186
198
198
204
219
218
225
232
232

0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
14.5 110
15.4 108
14.2 111
13.1 115
13.0 116
13.9 112
14.0 112
13.8 112
13.4 113
13.4 113
12.8 116
12.4 118
12.3 119
12.1 120
12.5 118
12.0 122
10.7 129
10.2 133
10.3 133
10.0 135
9.4 140
9.5 139
9.3 142
9.0 144
9.0 144

FOUR
CARB DSL VALVE
99.
99.
99.
98.
94.
83.
75.
70.
55.
53.
521
46.
44.
22.
2.
1

4
0
1
4
8 2
0 9
3 13
0 9
7 4
9 2
7 2
8
7 1
8
0


HP/
CID
.443
.433
.453
.474
.472
.453
.458
.479
.490
.484
.507
.520
.551
.569
.576
.643
.718
.788
.805
.841
.885
.885
.913
.947
.995

HP/
WT
.0324
.0305
.0332
.0361
.0367
.0339
.0333
.0338
.0347
.0347
.0370
.0384
.0392
.0400
.0386
.0411
.0466
.0494
.0494
.0510
.0546
.0545
.0562
.0581
.0579

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
94.4 4.6 1.0
.6
.4
.7
.3
.6
.2
.4
.4
.8
.0
.5 1.1
.2 4.5
5.5
4.0
.1 10.5
.4 10.4
15.9
31.9
40.8
.4 48.9
.2 48.3
.2 48.2
.4 45.1
.3 50.8
82.6 17.1 .3
51.9 19
.3 28.9
40.8 18.9 40.4
24.1 24
.7 51.2
15.7 29.2 55.1
12.2 29
5.6 28
5.8 23
5.1 22
5.2 30
9.4 26
12.7 31
10.8 21
8.0 28
5.3 33
5.9 26
14.1 22
16.2 30
15.3 28
.1 58.8
.1 66.3
.4 70.8
.8 72.1
.7 64.2
.6 64.0
.9 55.3
.1 68.1
.1 63.9
.9 60.8
.7 67.4
.5 63.4
.9 52.9
.7 55.9
16.3 30.4 53.3
9.1 30.4 60.5
9.3 35.3 55.4
7.3 39.2 53.5
8.1 34.1 57.8
TON C0-FT CO-FT-.
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
31.8
35.7
36.0
36.2
35.8
38.3
41.2
41.6
40.9
41.3
43.6
44.3
43.7
44.6
46.2
46.2
46.7
47.0
47.3
47.1
47.1
47.9
47.8
47.8
48.2


2044
2092
2150
2349
2542
2626
2588
2603
2733
2774
2676
2819
2892
2842
2917
2905
2882
2860
2859
2975"
2939
2942
2954

DESIGNED
DOM EUR
98.4
98.6
99.1
98.4
98.3
97.4
97.5
95.2
95.0
95.8
94.3
91.9
86.2
86.7
89.2
85.7
86.9
79.1
74.9
79.1
81.6
87.7
82.7
76.2
73.2
1.6
1.4
.9
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.5
4.8
5.0
4.2
5.7
7.1
9.6
10.9
8.7
6.1
5.6
4.1
5.1
5.9
8.3
5.1
10.3
12.6
20.0

4087
4184
4300
' '1 I'
4698
5085
5252
5176
5207
5467
5548
5352
5639
5783
5684
5835
5810
5764
5720
5717
5950
5878
5883
5908

ASIA










1.0
4.3
2.4
2.1
8.1
7.5
16.8
20.0
15.0
10.1
7.3
7.0
11.2
6.8
                                                                                                              1-8

-------
 Table  1-9
                                                   Appendix I




                               CHARACTERISTICS Of 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT OUTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                    4500 Ib. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1791
2223
3496
1997
1527
363
318
183
188
185
104
101
78
105
87
67
72
113
84
88
110
96
38
38
126

FRAC
.217
.229
.309
.179
.142
.038
.036
.023
.023
.017
.010
.009
.007
.010
.009
.008
.009
.014
.010
.010
.012
.012
.005
.005
.016
FUEL
CITY
12.4
13.6
14.5
14.0
14.3
16.0
17.1
17.5
16.4
16.7
17.3
17.7
18.3
18.8
18.1
16.8
17.2
17.9
17.8
18.2
18.3
18.6
18.4
18.3
16.4
ECONOMY
HWY
17.6
19.3
20.0
20.6
20.3
24.4
26.8
27.7
26.7
26.9
28.4
28.9
30.4
30.3
28.9
27.3
28.5
30.7
31.5
31.0
30.9
32.0
29.7
29.6
26.8
55/45
14.3
15.7
16.5
16.3-
16.5
19.0
20.4
21.0
19.9
20.2
21.0
21.5
22.3
22.6
21.8
20.3
20.9
22.1
22.1
22.4
22.4
23.0
22.2
22.1
19.8
WGHT
LB
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
VOL
CU-FT


118.7
123.8
127.6
137.3
137.1
148.3
146.6
152.0
160.2
156.5
160.2
144.8
141.1
130.1
-133.6
137.2
141.3
136.8
127.6
131.5
109.1
104.5
124.6
ENGINE
CID
347
346
346
356
353
350
343
323
311
308
306
308
306
305
306
322
312
334
339
344
310
323
257
273
282
HP
158
157
157
161
157
137
127
127
143
148
150
150
140
144
151
178
201
191
187
255
257
260
271
286
199
0-60
TIME
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.1
13.4
15.1
16.1
16.1
14.4
14.0
13.8
14.0
14.6
14.4
14.1
12.6
11.3
11.6
11.8
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.7
8.3
11.3
TOP
SPD
116
115
115
117
115
109
106
106
111
113
113
113
110
111
114
122
129
126
124
145
146
147
150
155
128
HP/
CID
.455
.454
.454
.453
.445
.394
.374
.401
.463
.482
.489
.484
.458
.474
.494
.555
.648
.586
.567
.747
.867
.826
1.061
1.058
.705
HP/
WT
.0351
.0349
.0348
.0358
.0348
.0304
.0282
.0281
.0317
.0329
.0332
.0332
.0311
.0320
.0335
.0396
.0447
.0423
.0415
.0566
.0571
.0577
.0601
.0634
.0441
TON
-MPG
32.5
35.6
37.4
37.0
37.4
43.7
47.3
48.6
45.2
45.6
47.3
48.6
50.1
51.1
49.3
46.3
47.6
49.9
49.9
50.6
50.6
52.6
50.1
49.9
44.8
CU-FT
-MPG


1973
2038
2122
2661
2876
3153
2935
3074
3369
3398
3570
3296
3118
2729
2894
3070
3151
3101
2882
3084'
2448
2334
2469
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


4440
4586
4775
5988
6471
7095
6603
6917
7579
7646
8033
7416
7016
6140
6511
6908
7089
6978
6485
6938
5509
5252
5556
  PERCENT OF 4500  Ib. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT
.9
2.0
1.3
2.7
4.4
7.5
8.6
6.3
1.4
.6
.1











.6


4WD MANUAL
.6
.1
.1













.7
.2
.2
.2
.5 .5
.4 .4
.7
.3 .4

LOCK



12.9
9.3
54.2
61.7
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.2
100.0
100.0
96.2
84.4
82.1
89.6
96.0
93.6
82.4
90.7
99.3
99.6
100.0
FUEL
FI
1.6
2.3
1.6
3.1
3.4

29.7




8.7
.1
2.9
8.0
51.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
METERING
TBI PORT
1.6
2.3
1.6
3.1
3.4

29.7




8.7
.1
2.9
8.0
30.5 20.5
73.8 26.2
87.8 12.2
89.4 10.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

CARB
98.4
97.7
98.4
95.3
91.1
71.3
26.1
54.7
87.7
95.8
98.9
91.3
99.9
97.1
92.0
48.9










DSL



1.5
5.5
28.7
44.2
45.3
12.3
4.2
1.1














FOUR
VALVE















4.2
11.6
5.0
9.3
8.9
35.3
23.5
96.9
96.3
16.6
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL
27.6
28.0
24.9
2.9
3.7
.1

.2


.1

.1

3.8
9.4
13.8
6.5
4.8
9.3
10.8
6.9
17.9
26.0
6.4
MID
69.7
69.8
49.9
48.9
35.9
7.6
8.6
6.3
1.4
.6
.1
8.7
21.6
2.8
4.2
11.1
12.5
1.4
5.8
2.3
16.6
5.4
27.7
18.4
8.7
LARGE
2.7
2.2
25.2
48.2
60.4
92.3
91.4
93.5
98.6
99.4
99.8
91.2
78.3
97.1
92.0
79.5
73.8
92.0
89.4
88.5
72.6
87.7
54.3
55.6
84.9
DESIGNED
DOM
98.9
99.4
99.7
99.6
99.3
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.7
100.0
100.0
91.2
99.9
97.1
92.0
79.5
73.8
87.8
89.4
88.5
63.1
74.7
.9

77.8
EUR
1.1
.6
.3
.4
.7
.1


.3


8.8
.1
2.9
8.0
20.5
23.0
11.5
10.4
9.4
36.1
24.9
98.5
99.7
22.2
ASIA
















3.2
.7
.2
2.1
.8
.4
.6
.3

1-9

-------
       Table  1-10
                                                           Appendix I

                                                                   [•       I
                                       CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTT VEHICLES
                                                              5000  Ib." CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
iggg
1989
1990
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
1505
1494
1051
477
182
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
10
16
11
16
7
9
6
15
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.183
.154
.093
.043
.017
.ood
.dOO
.doo
.000
.000
.000
.odd
.odd
.od§
.000
.000
.001
.002
.001
.002
. DOT
.001
.001
.002
CITY
11.1
12.8
l'2'.l
12.4
12.3
11. 0
10.3
9.7
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.3
id.i
id. 7
10.8
9.3
14.7
16.1
16.7
16.5
16.4
16.6
16.7
16.5
HWY
16.0
17.8
17.7
18.6
18.2
15.2
14.2
13.6
14.0
13.6
13.2
13.1
13.6
15.1
15.2
13.9
21.9
24.1
26.3
25.3
27.1
27.4
27.2
27.2
55/45
12.9
14.6
14.1
14.6
14.4
I
12.5
11.7
11.2
11.5
11.2
10.9
10.7
11.4
12.3
12.4
10.9
17.3
18.9
20.0
19.6
19.9
20.2
20.2
20.1
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
5000
5000
5000 129.7
5000 132.3
5000 126.5
5000 121.9
5000 122.2
5000 121.4
5000 126.4
5000 122.1
5000 113.5
5000 114.2
5000 113.0
5000 112.0
5000 112.9
5000 95.9
5000 126.0
5000 125.8
5000 124.6
5000 119.6
5000 125.5
5000 125.1
5000 126.1
5000 118.2
'ENGINE
CID
!388
378
387
403
396
'382
387
378
373
374
'394
378
410
408
410
326
283
247
256
284
286
288
283
293
HP
166
166
175
179
169
156
156
176
157
176
187
205
191
207
206
240
297
263
274
298
303
304
299
307
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
14.0 115
13.9 115
13.3 117
13.1 118
13.7 115
14.6 112"
14.6 112
13.7 117
14.7 112
13.7 117
12.9 121
12.2 125
12.4 122
11.6 126
11.6 126
10.3 135
9.1 152
9.8 142
9.4 145
8.8 152
8.6 153
8.6 154
8.7 152
8.5 154
HP/
CID
.428
.440
.453
.445
.426
|
^408
.400
.480
.424
.484 '
.490
.572
.463
.508
.501
.500-0
1.041
1.072
1.073
1.048
1.058
1.057
1.059
1.050
HP/
WT
.0332
.0332
.0350
.0358
.0338
.0297
.0297
.0337
.0284
.0330
.0354
.0396
.0336
.0400
.0396
.0001
.0592
.0524
.0545
.0594
.0602
.0606
.0594
.0612
TON
-MPG
32.6
36.7
35.5
36.7
36.7
31.5
29.4
28.0
28.9
28.1
27.2
26.8
28.6
30.9
31.0
27.3
44.0
47.6
50.4
49.3
49.9
50.6
50.5
50.3
CU-FT
CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG


1843
1947
1861
1549 S
1446
1362
1463
1375
1234
1223
1295
1384
1400
1048
2213
2392
2510
2362
2509-
2534'
2551
2380


4606
4869
4653
";3873"
3615
3406
3658
3439
3685
3058
3236
3461
3500
2620
5532
5981
6276
5905
6273
6336
6379
5949
         PERCENT OF 5000 Ib. CARS:
MODEL
YEAR

 1975
 1976
 1977
 1978
 1979

 1980
 1981
 1982
 1983
 1984

 1985
 1986
 1987
 1988
 1989

 1990
 1992
 1993
 1994

 1995
 1996
 1997
 1998
 1999
                  DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
                  FRONT  4MD  MANUAL  LOCK
                    .3
                   3.3
                   4.9
FUEL METERING
FI    TBI  PORT
                 CARB
     FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM   EUR
           ASIA
100
100

14.1



14.2
6.5
15.8
16.3
30.6
1.8
4.9

,
100.0



1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
.4
.9
6.7
100.0
85.8
93.5
84.2
83.7
69.4
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
89.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
.4
.9
6.7
57.4 42.6
41.5 44.2
74.2 19.3
46.8 37.4
83. 71
69.4
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
89.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99
98
90
93

14
6
15
16
30













.0
.0
.3
.7
.0
.3

.2
.5
.8
.3
.6



1












.9
9.1












10.9 89.1
93.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.7


15.2


31.2
6.6

2.4
1.4
2.3
1.6
1.8
4.9
2.0

100.0


10.0
39.2
11.6
13.4
8.6
42.1
33.
28.
25.
18.
39.

36.
58.
23.
51.
97.
98.
98.
95.
98.



1.





5
7
8
5
4

0
5
4
7
7
4
2
1
0



,4





2.3
66.5 100.0
71.3 100.0
59.0 100.0
81.5 100.0
60.6 100.0
68
57
41
74
46







100
98
90
60
88
86
91
55
.8 68.8
.4 57.4
.5 41.5
.2 74.2
.8 46.8







.0
.6
.0
.8
.4
.6
.4
.6
31.2
42.6
58.5
25.8
53.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11!,
                                                                       3>10

-------
 Table 1-11
                                                    Appendix X

                                CHARACTERISTICS 6T 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DOTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                     5500  Ib. CARS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
828
934
298
134
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
3
3
3
1
3
0

FRAC
.100
.096
.026
.012
.000
.000
:000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
FUEL
CITY
10.5
11.6
10.7
10.8
9.8
9.6
9.2
8.9
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.5
10.6
10.8
11.3
11.4
11.7
13.3
14.9
15.4
15.3
14.8
15.5
12.4
ECONOMY
HWY
15.1
16.2
16.1
16.6
12.9
12.6
12.6
12.2
13.7
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.2
14.8
15.4
16.2
16.3
18.8
19.9
22.8
23.4
22.3
24.6
25.8
20.3
55/45
12.2
13.3
12.6
12.8
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.1
10.9
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
12.2
12.5
13.1
13.2
14.1
15.6
17.7
18.2
17.8
18.1
18.9
15.0
WGHT
LB
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
VOL
CD- FT


131.8
130.7
112.7
100.7
98.8
92.5
92.3
92.6
92.5
92.4
92.0
91.3
103.8
107.2
107.5
107.2
126.5
141.3
143.1
12.5
149.9
143.7
108.4
ENGINE
CID
458
460
447
445
417
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
374
356
354
357
315
283
412
HP
208
203
194
191
174
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
187
205
259
250
237
258
290
262
252
261
312
302
350
0-60
TIME
12.6
12.7
13.2
13.3
14.4
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
13.7
12.6
10.7
11.0
11.4
10.7
10.4
10.5
10.7
10.4
9.0
9.2
8.2
TOP
SPD
123
121
119
118
114
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
117
122
136
134
131
136
144
137
134
137
150
147
160
HP/
CID
.454
.443
.434
.429
.415
.400
.392
.395
.396
.400
.404
.409
.442
.493
.626
.605
.574
.615
.774
.734
.711
.733
1.007
1.067
.816
HP/
WT
.0378
.0370
.0353
.0347
.0302
.0235
.0142
.0175
.0248
.0217
.0259
.0285
.0276
.0315
.0443
.0444
.0410
.0312
.0496
.0465
.0449
.0465
.0539
.0540
.0408
TON
-MPG
33.6
36.6
34.8
35.3
30.4
29.6
28.9
27.9
30.1
30.1
30.2
30.1
30.1
33.4
34.4
36.0
36.2
38.9
43.2
48.9
50.4
49.2
50.3
52.0
41.3
CU-FT
-MPG


1664
1682
1247
1084
1043
937
1010
1015
1015
1012
1007
1109
1300
1405
1414
1517
2008
2526
2631-
196"
2793
2725
1627
CU-FT-
TON-MPG


4577
4625
3430
2982
2869
2577
2778
2792
2792
2784
2771
3050
3576
3863
3890
4173
5521
6946
7235
538
7681
7493
4475
  PERCENT OF 5500 Ib.  CARS:
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1975
   1976
   1977
   1978
   1979

   1980
   1981
   1982
   1983
   1984

   1985
   1986
   1987
   1988
   1989

   1990
   1991
   1992
   1993
   1994

   1995
   1996
   1997
   1998
   1999
DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
 8.2
 7.4
15.9
33.7
FUEL METERING
FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
     FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM   EUR  ASIA
73.2
96.6

















100.0
56.9
92.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2.9
3.1
30.0

5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2.9
3.1
30.0

5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.2 71.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.1
96.9
70.0
100.0
95.0





































43.1
7.6


73.2
96.6

5
5


58
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
47
18
16
15
10
1
1
1
3
1
16
.2
.8
.4
.7
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.2
.0
.5
.6
.9
.5
.4
.4
.0
.2
.3
11
12
32
33










52
82
83
84
17
6
5
10
23
2
83
.3
.1
.7
.7










.8
.0
.5
.4
.8
.8
.9
.0
.9
.2
.7
83
82
66
65
41













71
91
92
88
73
96

.4
.1
.9
.6
.2













.3
.6
.7
.6
.2
.6

99
99
99
99
41













28
84
92
88
73
96

.9
.9
.6
.3
.2













.2
.0
.7
.6
.2
.6





58
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
16
7
11
26
3
100
.1
.1
.4
.7
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
.0
.3
.4
.8
.4
.0
1-11

-------
App«n  x I
:able 1-12
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1985 0 .000
1986 0 .000
1987 0 .000
1988 0 .000
1993 1 .000
1994 0 .000
1995 0 .000
1996 0 .006
1997 0 .006
1998 0 .000
1999 0 .000
PERCENT OF 6000 lb.
MODEL DRIVE :SAIN
YEAR FRONT 4WD
1985
1986
1987
1988
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
i , . • ' i I ' : •
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
8.9 12.2 10. 1 6000 157.5 412 170 15.7 110 .250 .0000
8.9 12.2 lO.l 6000 157.5 412 170 15.7 110 .368 .0000
9.3 12.3 10.4 6000 157.5 412 173 15.5 111 .375 .0000
10.5 14.0 11.8 6000 157.5 412 205 13.5 119 .000 .0000
15. L 22.1 17.6 6000 145.5 350 175 15.3 111 .500 .0285
11.5 18.7 13.9 6000 90.6 412 241 11.9 128 .556 .0278
11.5 18.8 13. 9 6000 90.6 412 280 10.7 137 .645 .0323
12.3 20.0 14.9 6000 88.9 412 350 8.8 155 .845 .0476
12.3 20.0 i4.9 6000 88.9 412 350 8.8 155 .840 .0494
12.3 20.0 i4.9 6000 93.8 412 350 8.8 155 .812 .0312
12.3 20.0 14.9 6000 91.1 412 350 8.8 155 .846 .0256
CARS:
I . ,
TRANSMISSION ' FU_- METERING ' FOUR VEHICLE SIZE
MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB DSL VALVE SMALL MID LARGE
1 100.0 100.0 ' • 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 " 100.0 99.5 .51 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 ioo.b 100.0 100.0
':, \ • :' • i Hi;
i, j , | . . .
!
I
;!
." ' i'
i
i
1 1
i
i ' i
6000
TON CU-FT
-MPG -MPG
30.4 1595
30.4 1595
31.3 1645
35.5 1863
52.8 2559
41.7 1260
41.7 1260
44.6 1322
44.6 1322
44.6 1395
44.6 1355
DESIGNED
DOM EUR
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.5 .5~
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
' lb.' CARS
CU-FT-
TON-MPG
4786
4786
4935
5590
7677
3781
3779"
3966
3966
4185
4064
ASIA

-------
Table  1-13
 MODEL
 YEAR

   1994
   1998
   1999
SALES
(000)  FRAC
       .000
       .000
       .000
                                                    Appendix X

                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY  HWY  55/45
11.3
11.3
11.4
  PERCENT  OF 6500  lb.  CARS:
18,
18,
                              18.6
13.6
13.7
13.8
             WGHT  VOL   ENGINE
              LB  CD-FT  CID  HP
6500 140.2
6500 140.1
6500 140.1
412
412
412
241
300
300
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD

12.7 125
10.6 139
10.6 139
                                            HP/
                                            CID
                                           HP/
                                           WT
.250  .0000
.615  .0000
.571  .0000
                                              6500 lb. CARS

                                       TON  CU-FT  CU-FT-
                                      -MPG  -MPG  TON-MPG
44.2
44.7
44.9
1907   6197
1925   6257
1934   6287
 MODEL
 YEAR

   1994
   1998
   1999
 DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
               FUEL METERING
               FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
                                      FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE        DESIGNED
                                 DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE   DOM   EUR  ASIA
                    100.0  100.0
                    100.0  100.0
                    100.0  100.0
                         100.0
                         100.0
                         100.0
                                                         100.0
                                                         100.0
                                                         100.0
                                                               100.0
                                                               100.0
                                                               100.0
1-13

-------
        Table 1-14
                                                           Appendix I

                                       CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO i999 LIGHT DOTI VEHICLES
T
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
SALES
(000)
1
3
1
1
1
'!'
FRAC
"""
.000
.002
.000
.001
:ooi
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
1!, 	 •! , |. ;
23.2 29.5 25.7
22.5 29.4 25.2
22.5 29.4 25.2
23.7 27.3 25.2
23.7 27.3 25.2
WGHT
LB
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
ENGINE
CID I
49
49
49
59
59

IP
41
41
41
45
45
6-60 TOP
TIME SPD
19.7 89
19.7 89
19.7 89
18.3 92
18.3 92
         PERCENT OF 2000 Ibl TRUCKS:
           'HP/
           CID

          ."836
          .836
          .835
          .762
          .762
                                                                                       HP'/     TON
                                                                                       WT     -MPG
                                                                                       .0201
                                                                                       .0199
                                                                                       .0197
                                                                                       .0218
                                                                                       .0221
            25.7
            25.2
            25.2
            25.2
            25.2
                                    2000 ib. "TRUCKS-
         MODEL
         YEAR

          1979
          1980
          1981
          1982
          1983
DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
FRONT " 4H&'  MANUAL  LOCK
               FUEL METERING
               FI    TBI  PORT
100.6
iooI6
106.6
100.6
100.6
l6o.O
100.0
100.0
loo.o
100.0
 CARB

 loo.o
 100.0
 100.0
'100.0
 100.0
DSL
                                                    FOUR
                                                    VALVE
VEHICLE
SMALL
                    SIZE
                    MID LARGE
                                         DESIGNED
                                         DOM IMPORT
            100. b
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
            100.0
                        100.
                        100.
                        100.
                        100.
                        100.
                                                                                                                    I 1-14

-------
Table 1-15
                                                   Appendix I

                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DOTY VEHICLES
                                      2250 Ib.  TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
SALES
(000)
0
25
24
13
4
7
6
37
63
83
5

FRAC
.000
.013
.013
.007
.002
.002
.002
.008
.015
.018
.001
FUEL
CITY
22.3
28.1
36.9
36.1
26.6
30.2
28.1
30.2
30.2
30.6
30.9
ECONOMY
HWY
29.3
38.5
48.9
43.5
31.0
32.1
29.6
37.5
37.5
37.3
37.0
55/45
25.0 -
32.0
41.5
39.1
28.4
31.1
28.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.4
WGHT
LB
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
ENGINE
CID
49
94
97
91
71
70
61
81
81
81
80
HP
41
64
52
51
47
47
45
64
64
64
64
0-60
TIME
21.6
15.9
17.9
18.2
19.4
19.5
20.0
15.3
15.3
15.3
15.3
TOP
SPD
88
99
93
93
91
91
90
99
99
99
99
HP/
CID
.832
.677
.536
.570
.691
.697
.737
.790
.790
.790
.797
'HP/
WT
.0105
.0282
.0230
.0224
.0202
.0204
.0198
.0284
.0284
.0284
.0282
TON
-MPG
28.1
38.1
46.7
45.8
33.9
35.6
32.4
37.2
37.2
37.4
37.5
 PERCENT OF 2250 Ib. TRUCKS:


 MODEL    DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION     FUEL METERING                 FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE        DESIGNED
 YEAR     FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK     FI    TBI   PORT   CARB    DSL   VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE   DOM IMPORT
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

100
100
85
31
28






.0
.0
.0
.3
.9





100


15
68
71
100
100
100
100
100
.0


.0
.7
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
100
100
100
100
91
82
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
                                                       100.0
                                      54.6
                                                        15.0
                                                        68.7
                                                        71.1

                                                       100.0
                                                       100.0
                                                       100.0
                                                       100.0
                                                       100.0
 45.4
100.0
 85.0
 31.3
 28.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
     100.0
     100.0
     100.0
     100.0
13.3  86.7
28.9  71.1_

     100.0
     100.0
     100.0
     100.0
     100.0
1-15

-------
Hi • • ii
. ,
ill , :.:




'

Table 1-16
MODEL
; YEAR
1978
;'! ' 1979
1980
'1981
1982
1983
;": • •• • 1984
'•• i •
1985
',; " 1986
:,:,!!, • . 1987
•41' ' ' J' 1989 .
., ' ':.' 1990
;.; ".. 1991
1992
„; .. 1993
'„] ' 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
" ' ' PERCENT
	 MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980

1982 	
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1989
1990
,51. i 1991
•' '!, 1992
1993
'-, ;-jj •;•• 1994
• i| II; . " i . : M H
? i- ' 1995
1996
.;« : 1997
1 1 1998
:: ' , !"' ' ' i.
• i

• .VI
'! Hi '
'; j ' ' ,:'
11 i
W.iK'i' 1 	 ,ii|,! ijjiiij! ' 	 	 , iiiii
SALES
(000)
23
39
16
27
36
33
18

4
5
1
39
34
15
19
19
22
20
3
4
6

FRAC
.007
.013
.009
.015"
.019*
.014
.005
i. •'
.001
.001
.000
•009
.009
.004
.005
.004
• 004
.003
.001
.001
.001
OF 2500 Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT


9.5
34.2
49.7
48.9
29.9





















Liii 	 	 i 	 ,;,„:,•;
4WD
loo.d
100.0
90.5
65.8
20. i
13.2
53.1
100.0
100.6
100.0
100.0
95.5
20.6
11.5
2.1"
6-9

5.§




'•-!,





.,. 	 	 iiiii 	 iii
'i)


'




. .•




i'
,„,
Appendix I
. • I1" 1 ' ' :" , • •. I
CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DOTY VEHICLES
FUEL ECONOMY
WGHT
CITY HWY 55/45 LB
23.5 33.7 27.2 2500
24.1 33.5 27.5 2500
22.1 32.3 25.8 2500
24.9 34.2 28.4 2500
24.8 32.0 27". 6 2500
25.4 32.8 28.2 2500
24.2 31.4 27.6 2500
,„, ' '' „

26.2 35.2 29.6 2500
26.4 36.0 30.0 2500
26.3 35.5 29.8 2500
28.8 34.9 31.3 2500
	 I, ' •
29.2 35.9 31.9 2500
28.7 35.1 31.2 2500
27.5 33.7 30.0 2500
26.9 33.1 29.4 2500
26.7 32.7 29.1 2500
27.0 33.9 29.7 2500
26.6 33.6 29.3 2500
25.9 32.2 28.4 2500
26.0 32.3 28.5 2500
TRUCKS :
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
ioo.o
ioo.o
90.5
100.0
58.4
59.4 2.7
79.8 3.3
95.6 4.4
ioo.o
100.0
56.2 43.8
100.0
100.0
75.8 24.2
67.2 32.8
57.4 42.6
.. ni!" 1 ' '
60.8 39.2
66.6 33.4
27.2 72.8
57.0 43.0
•I. ;
,

,, '

'

>,,,'"atl i,,!.1! 	 HAiiuii 	 	

ENGINE
CID HP
97
97
' 97
108
132
137
110

109
109
109
97
94
91
94
96
96
97
97
97
97

67
67
68
73
81 "'
86
74

73
73
73'""
80
78
75
77
79
80
81
95
95
97

0-60
TIME
16.0
16.0
15.8
14.9
13.9
13.3
15.8

15.0
15.0
15.0
14.1
14.3
14.7
14.4
14.2
14.1
13.9
12.3
12.4
12.1

FUEL METERING
FI TBI
PORT
TOP
SPD
98
98
99
101
105
107
101

101
101
ioi
104
103
102
103
104
104'
I. !
105
111
111
112 1

FOUR
CARB DSL VALVE
100.6
100.6
9.5
34.2
9.4
2.6
90.5
65.8

90.
:

97.4
100.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.6 loo.o
100.0 93.5
100.0 97.0
1 . '
100.0 90.0
100.0
100.0
100.0







i 	 	 M 	 Hi 	 , 	 k „,;„;„ 	




6.5
3.0

10.0
100.0
100.0
100.0







i, 	 a,; 	 ;;;*


















•il* i:,,,..


















	 ,:•«.,«





3.0


100.0
100.0
100.0







	 !,:„,} 	 , 	 :,,: 	 ,„•:,..,
HP/ HP/
CID WT
.691 .0268
.691 .0268
.701 .0271
.683 .0292
.625 .0324
.636 .0342
.'666 .0292
.."'I!' '
.669 .0287
.670 .0290
.668 .0290
.825 .0319
.826 .10309
.828 .0298
.827 .0309
.825 .0315
.830 .0317
.840 .0324
.979 .0374
.979 .0375
.003 .0387

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
loo.o
100.0
100.0







,1111 LiilLJI 	 ;, 1,1 ill 	 .llLi..'!.;.^^...!^!.!...!!.!!!!.

• V

2500 Ib.
TON
-MPG
34.2
34.5
32.3
35.5
34.9
36.4
34.2

37.0
37.5
37.2
39.2
39.8
39.2
37.6
36.8
36.5
37.2
36.7
35.6
35.6

DESIGNED
LARGE DOM IMPORT
100.0
100.0
100.6
100.0
30.1 69.9
37.9 62.1
46.9 53.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0


,




	 lilHUlii 	 i
," I \'\
[!| " ' ' i
"Si :; S i J
TRUCKS









*' ;i



!i, ' .J
i.l •" . "1



• 1























..:.!..' il. .. . ;l



...
."' • ' • • !
•'.. ' . I
, 1-16 ! '
,!• . i 'i
!|"l ' ' .! 4
,' '• j=
111 i!


-------
Table 1-17
                                                   Appendix I




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999  LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
                                                                                                 2750 Ib.  TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
204
202
270
241
250
324
222
227
340
328
246
316
244
120
76
45
28
46
24
38
39
44
12
11
3
FRAC
.102
.078
.096
.074
.081
.174
.122
.119
.148
.098
.067
.073
.059
.026
.017
.012
.007
.011
.005
.007
.007
.008
.002
.002
.001
OF 2750 Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT







1.4
4.0
6.5
3.4
1.7
1.6








8.5
13.6

8.1
4WD
23.2
20.2
16.3
24.0




.1
.1





31.1
100.0
49.1
92.9
97.1
97.2
59.5
81.0
96.5

FUEL ECONOMY
CITY HWY 55/45
18.1
19.6
21.1
21.0
19.8
22.3
24.7
24.9
25.4
25.1
26.3
26.0
26.1
24.6
24.5
24.3
26.5
25.7
26.5
26.2
25.8
25.8
25.9
26.0
28.0
TRUCKS :
26.0
27.5
29.3
27.3
27.4
30.0
33.3
33.8
34.3
33.5
35.7
35.2
35.8
33.1
32.7
30.6
32.6
33.2
32.6
32.3
32.3
32.9
32.8
32.4
35.9

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
91.3
82.0
81.9
86.9
82.7
86.9
90.3
87.1
89.4
86.1
92.0
88.3
89.9
99.4
100.0
68.9
56.7
78.8
60.6
52.0
46.1
51.5
48.4
52.0
100.0
LOCK







4.9
.2
2.9
.8
.8
.9


31.1
43.3
21.2
39.4
48.0
53.9
48.5
51.6
48.0

21.0
22.5
24.2
23.5
22.6
25.2
27.9
28.3
28.8
28.3
29.9
29.5
29.7
27.8
27.6
26.8
28.9
28.6
29.0
28.7
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.5
31.0

WGHT
LB
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750

ENGINE 0-60
CID HP TIME
155 101 12.9
150
146
157
126
126
130
130
132
130
130
132
133
136
135
129
97
116
97
97
97
99
100
97
99

98 13.0
98 13.0
98 12.9
90 13.7
91 13.6
90 13.8
91 13.7
87 14.2
87 14.2
90 13.8
92 13.6
93 13.5
98 12.9
97 12.9
95 13.3.
80 15.2
95 13.5
81 15.0
82 14.9
95 13.3
97 13.1
98 13.0
97 13.0
99 12.7

FUEL METERING
FI








.1
1.1
1.4


.6

31.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TBI















31.1
100.0
49.1
78.2
83.7





PORT













.6



50.9
21.8
16.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
TOP
SPD
111
110
109
110
106
107
106
106
105
105
106
107
107
109
109
108
102
108
102
103
108
109
110
109 1
110 1

FOUR
CARB DSL VALVE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.6 1
98.3 1
99.1
98.2
98.1
99.6
100.0
99.4
100.0
68.9















.4
.7
.9
.7
.4
.4







16.3

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
HP/ HP/ TON
CID WT -MPG
.713 .0367 29.4
.727 .0357 31.5
.732 .0355 33.8
.700 .0357 33.1
.720 .0328 31.6
.728 .0332 34.9
.695 .0328 38.7
.699 .0330 39.1
.658 .0314 39.8
.672 .0317 39.2
.692 .0327 41.3
.695 .0334 40.8
.695 .0338 41.0
.721 .0355 38.4
.721 .0354 38.1
.745 .0346 36.9
.825 .0289 39.9
.819 .0344 39.4
.835 .0292 39.9
.850 .0298 39.5
.979 .0344 39.1
.980 .0352 39.3
.980 .0354 39.3
.002 .0351 39.2
.003 .0354 42.7

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.9 6.1
92.4 7.6
73.4 26.6
62.5 37.5
37.7 62.3
49.5 50.5
50.3 49.7
61.0 39.0
51.7 48.3
63.1 36.9
60.9 39.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0



























DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
23.2 76.8
20.2 79.8
16.3 83.7
24.0 76.0
3.7 96.3
100.0
100.0
22.3 77.7
43.0 57.0
15.4 84.6
25.4 74.6
14.8 85.2
18.1 81.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1-17

-------
Appendix I
Table 1-18
MODEL
'• VBMl,
1975
1976
1977
1978
1973
1980
1981
1982
1983
1 84 :"i,
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1 ,, ,i
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

SALES
(000)
60
73
91
144
226
212
249
379
414
575
658
840
799
740
609
446
597
370
418
321
286
181
219
144
145
OF 3000
"I
FRAC
.030
.028
.032
.044
.073
.114
.137
.198
.180
.172
.179
.193
.193""
.162
. 137 	
.117
.147
.091
.088
.059
.050
.035
.035
.022
.021
Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT









3.7
4.3
2.6
2.8
1.6
1.6

.7
1.0
6.1
2.7
.9
.6
8.0
13.1
18.4
18.7

4WO*

14.3
14.0
13.8
47.4
65.7
52.6
26.2
23.8
19.7
11.4
5.7
6.6
2.3
3.6

6.3
2.1
7.8
9.4
12.1
37.5
29.0
25.7
14.7
18.1

CHARACTERISTICS OT 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DOTY VEHICLES
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY
18.2
18.3
22.9
22.4
19.6
j
20.2
23.0
22. 6
22.5
22 . 7
22.9
23.4
23.4
23.9
24.0
24.4
24.0
23.5
23.5
24.0
22.9
24.3
24.2
24.7
25.0
TRUCKS :
HWY 5 =
24.9 2
WGHT ENGINE 0-60
/45 LB CID 	 HP TIME
0.7 3000 107 70 18.2
25.4 21.0 3000 136 77 17.4
31.3 2*6.0 3000 147 81 16.4
29.9 25.2 3000 148 83 16.0
25.7 2
26.7 2
1.9 3000 154 89 15.2
2.7 3000 146 86 15.3
30.8 2*5.9 3000 ISO 86 15.7
31.4 2*5.9 3000 162 97 14.3
31.2 2*5.7 3000 158 94 14.5
31.6 26.0 3000 153 94 14.5
31.8 26.2 3000 151 l6o 13.7
32.5 26.8 3000 143 99 13.8
32.9 26.9 3000 145 100 13.8
33.4 27.4 3000 145 98 14.0
33.2 27.4 3000 145 102 13.4
33.4 27.8 3000 142 lio 12.8
33.5 27.5 3000 148 109 12.9
32.7 i6.9 3000 145 113 12.4
33.1 27.0 3000 148 ll6 12.2
32.5 27.2 3000 144 3.18 ll,9
30.2 25.7 3000 142 124 11.7
33.2 27.6 3000 133 127 11.4
33.1 27.5 3000 132 127 11.4
33.7 28.0 3000 135 132 11.0
33.7 28.3 3000 135 134 10.9

TRANSMISSION
MANUAL
69.3
80.2
86.2
85.6
88.2
94.6
93.2
75.1
75.1
72.7
64.7
78.0
74.3
77.3
82.2

86.9
87.0
83.8
85.2
84.7
78.8
56.4
52.5
52.3
58 . 5

LOCK






1.4
22.0
9.6
13.6
28.4
17.6
19.6
16.7
12.4

10.4
10.1
12.2
11.0
7.4
14.2
29.0
37.5
25.3
27.1


FUEL METERING
TOP
SPD
96
99
loo
101-
103
102
102
107
106
105
108
108
108
107
109
112
111
113
114
115
117
119
119
121
121

FOUR
FI TBI PORT ' CARB DSL VALVE
100. 0'
100.0
100.0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
78.4 21
84.2 15
92.6 8
4.4 91.7 3
30.9 67.5 1
51.5 31.7 19.8 47.7
61.5 37.9 23.6 38.2
66.4 36.8 29.6 33.6
77.5 46.0 31.5 22.5

82.3 14.1 68.2 17.7
89.8 37.9 51.9 10.2
83.9 24.2 59.7 16.1
89.9 21.9 68.0 10.1
93.6 93.6 6.4
100.0 7.7 92.3
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.6 100.0
100.6 100.0







.6
.8
.0
.9
.6
.8
.3






2.0
.8
12.3
75.2
70.1
160.0
100.0

HP/ HP/
CID WT
.667 .0233
.628 .0237
.596 .0269
.598 .0277
.607 .0296
.620 .0285
.591 .0286
.604 .0322
.609 .0313
.625 .0312
.662 .0331
.691 .0331
.690 .0333
.675 .0328
.704 .0341
.770 .0365
.738 .0362
.783 .0377
.790 .0386
.825 .0395
.870 .0413
.959 .6424
.961 .0423
.988 .0441
.993 .0444





























TON
-MPG
31.2
32.5
40.9
39.5
34.2
34.9
40.3
39.8
39.4
39.6
39.7
40.4
40.5
41.4
41.3
42.0
41.4
40.6
40.9
41.1
38.9
41.5
41.4
42.1
42.6

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
6.7 93
25.6 74
27.6 72
47.6 52
62.9 37
66.3 33
73.5 26
39.8 60
31.2 68
33.4 66
38.6 61
40.2 59
29.0 71
19.2 80
28.5 71

38.1 61
32.6 67
46.2 53
53.1 46
75.3 24
89.9 10
97.0 3
99.7
100.0
100.0
,:"
.3
.4
.4
.4
.1
.7
.5
.2
.8
.6
.4
.8
.0
.7
.5

.8
.4
.8
.9
.7
.1
.0
.3



LARGE













.1
.1

.1






































3000 Ib.























"




DESIGNED
DOM

14.3
14.0
13.8
22.9
20.4
16.5
53.4
56.8
57.9
58.0
34.4
41.5
61.0
51.9

39.3
50.9
36.8
40.2
24.8
29.8
2.6
.3



IMPORT
100.0
85.7
86.0
86.2
77.1
79.6
83.5
46.6
43.2
42.1
42.0
65.6
58.5
39.0
48.1
in
60.7
49.1
63.2
59.8
75.2
70.2
97.4
99.7
100.0
100.0

                                                     1-18

-------
Table 1-19
                              CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975  TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VKHICLKS
                                                                                                 3500  Ib.  TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
55
83
74
100
69
82
122
145
275
738
953
1125
1236
1166
999
745
697
692
850
1056
969
810
899
956
844
OF 3500
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE 0-60
FRAC
.028
.032
.026
.031
.022
.044
.067
.076
.120
.221
.260
.259
.299
.256
.225
.196
.172
.170
.179
.193
.169
.154
.144
.146
.124
Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT









15.3
23.3
20.2
20.2
18.1
22.3
26.4
7.3
10.4
25.0
13.2
23.4
3.1
2.7
4.1
2.2
4WD




55.5
15.1
6.7
26.1
54.6
53.3
46.7
54.0
49.4
49.9
35.7
34.7
32.8
29.0
22.8
16.3
17.1
23.5
32.5
30.8
32.7
CITY
13.9
14.9
15.5
16.4
15.4
16.4
18.5
19.5
20.2
19.9
20.0
20.2
19.9
19.5
19.5
19.8
19.7
20.0
20.2
20.9
21.2
21.0
21.8
21.7
22.3
TRUCKS:
HWY 55/45 LB CID HP TIME
19.9 16.1 3500 308 138 12
20.3 16.9 3500 303 132 12
20.7 17.5 3500 311 136 12
22.4 18.6 3500 267 128 13
19.2 16.9 3500 251 110 14
21.4 18.3 3500 211 106 15
24.9 20.9 3500 238 108 14
26.4 22.1 3500 205 104 15
28.9 23.3 3500 174 105 14
27.6 22.7 3500 164 102 15
28.1 23.0 3500 168 106 14
27.9 23.0 3500 164 114 14
28.4 23.0 3500 178 125 13
28.1 22.6 3500 189 134 12
27.8 22.5 3500 197 136 12
28.7 23.0 3500 195 140 12
28.3 22.8 3500 202 141 12
28.9 23.2 3500 194 141 12
29.3 23.5 3500 192 143 12
30.1 24.2 3500 185 139 12
31.0 24.7 3500 179 141 12
30.8 24.5 3500 176 144 11
30.8 25.1 3500 161 133 12
30.9 25.0 3500 159 137 12
31.5 25.7 3500 153 137 12

.5
.9
.7
.2
.7
.3
.7
.2
.8
.2
.9
.0
.2
.5
.5
.1
.1
.2
.0
.3
.1
.9
.5
.2
.2

TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL
9.7
13.7
11.8
21.4
64.8
46.7
61.7
77.0
66.0
48.4
44.5
45.6
39.9
36.4
32.2
31.8
40.6
46.8
40.0
48.8
45.6
49.6
57.4
53.3
51.8
LOCK FI TBI PORT CARS
1.8 98.2
1.9 98.1
3.0 97 . 0
2.7 97.3
12.2 87.8
36.8 14.6 85.4
31.3 6.5 93.5
19.1 4.3 93.2
28.7 3.7 94.9
25.2 7.0 91.8
32.6 14.7 .7 84.9
34.6 49.4 19.7 29.7 50.4
47.8 64.9 20.7 44.2 35.0
55.5 93.7 30.2 63.5 6.3
49.8 95.0 37.5 57.6 5.0
66.0 96.0 20.1 75.9 4.0
58.4 99.7 39.4 60.3 .3
52.4 99.6 29.4 70.1 .4
59.1 99.6 20.3 79.4 .4
48.8 100.0 13.1 86.9
54.4 100.0 13.1 86.9
50.4 100.0 100.0
42:6 100.0 100.0
46.7 100.0 100.0
48.2 100.0 100.0
TOP
SPD
118
115
117
114
107
106
107
105
106
105
106
109
113
116
117
118
118
118
119
118
118
120
116
117
117

FOUR
DSL VALVE







2
1
1






















.6
.5
.2
.4
.1
.1






.2
8.2
12.6
19.8
36.8
42.4
HP/
CID
452
443
445
498
462
526
474
533
620
634
647
704
711
720
704
730
709
730
750
760
803
830
843
885
918

HP/
WT
.0389
.0373
.0386
.0364
.0313
.0299
.0306
.0295
.0299
.0291
.0301
.0326
.0357
.0384
.0388
.0400
.0401
.0401
.0409
.0398
.0402
.0411
.0381
.0392
.0391

TON
-MPG
28.6
30.0
31.0
32.9
30.0
32.4
36.9
39.0
41.1
40.2
40.5
40.6
40.5
39.9
39.7
40.5
40.4
41.3
41.7
42.9
44.0
43.8
44.7
44.4
45.5

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
3
5
6
11
72
46
16
35
29
35
32
34
29
29
19
20
23
19
15
12
10
9
23
29
31
.0 27.1
.4 12.7
.7 9.9
.7 8.8
.4 2.8
.6 8.0
.5 11.0
.5 11.9
.0 56.7
.8 58.2
.5 60.5
.7 59.3
.0 69.9
.8 70.2
.6 80.4
.5 79.5
.2 76.8
.0 80.9
.3 82.4
.0 87.1
.5 88.7
.6 89.5
.0 76.8
.6 70.4
.7 68i3
LARGE
69.9
81.8
83.5
79.5
24.9
45.4
72.5
52.6
14.3
6.0
6.9
5.9
1.1





2.3
.9
.8
1.0
.3
.1

























































DESIGNED
DOM
97.0
94.6
93.3
88.3
80.3
66.8
80.5
63.4
68.3
74.4
74.1
70.8
74.3
82.5
83.6
82.1
83.1
83.1
87.9
92.1
86.5
83.3
75.8
63.2
57.6
IMPORT
3.0
5.4
6.7
11.7
19.7
33.2
19.5
36.6
31.7
25.6
25.9
29.2
25.7
17.5
16.4
17.9
16.9
16.9
12.1
7.9
13.5
16.7
24.2
36.8
42.4
1-19

-------
                                                  App*nd±x  I
Table 1-20
                               CHARACTERISTICS  OF 1975 TO  1999 LIGHT DUTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                 4000 Ib.  TROCKS
MODEL 	
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
; 1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT

MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
,,

SALES
(000)
1021
1234
1165
1317
702
536
675
490
501
688
742
935
856
1189
1390
1229
1502
1460
1716
1778
1857
1779
1862
2172
1976
FRAC
.514
.473
.413
.402
.227
.288
. 371'
.256
.218"
.206
1 111!,
.202
.215
.207
.261
.313
.323
.371
.359
.361
.324
.323
.339
.299
.331
.290
OF 4000 Ib.

i •
DRlVETRAlN
FRONT 4Hfl






.1





3.6
15.8
14.9
31.8
22.4
31.5
28.6
34.2

42.5
48.5
37.4
49.5
36.9


2.0
2.7
3.4
3.8
6. "4
5. "8
773
9.1
16.7
20^6
27^4
23.2
27.9
27.5
34.8
29.0
37.0
2O
19.6
28.6

34.5
26.4
27.4
25.2
3614
in
iiliu:
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE
CITY HWY 55/45 LB CID HP
12.3 17.2 14.1 4000 324
13.2 17.9 15.0 4000 326
14.7 19.3 16.5 4000 322
14.3 18.3 15.9 4000 319
14.4 18.5 15.9 4000 301
16.5 22.2 18.6 4000 279
16.9 22.8 19.1 4000 282
16.5 22.4 18.7 4000 286
16.7 22.9 19.0 4000 269
16.4 23.0 18.9 4000 265
17.1 23.8 "l9.6 4000 259
17.5 24.5 20.1 4000 243
17.8 25.3 20.5 4000 227
18.1 26.2 21.1 4000 230
18.5 26.9 21.5 4000 225
18.3 26.8 "21.3 4000 219
18.4 27.0 21.5 4000 221
18.4 27.3 21.5 4000 219
18.3 27.4 21.5 4000 222
18.3 27.1 21.5 4000 223
18.2 27.4 21.4 4000 225
18.7 28.0 22.0 4000 222
18.6 27.6 21.8 4000 223
18.7 28.4 22.1 4000 219
18.7 28.1 22.0 4000 215
TRUCKS:
"i "i| 1:
141
137
144
144
140
125
127
127
123
121
!l32
132
141
148
149
148
151
153
164
163
163
173
176
177
175


0-60
TIME
13.5
13.7
13.1
13.1
13.4
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
14.1
14.0
13.3
12.8
12.7
12.8
12.6
12.5
11.9
11.8
11.8
11.2
11.1
11.1
11.1

1
TOP
SPD
114
113
115
115
114
109
109
110
108
108
111
111
114
116
117
116
117
118
122
121
121
125
126
126
125


TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
'MANUAL LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB DSL
33.8
33.4
29.7
29.3
35.6 7.6
50.0 21.7 .7
42.9 37.4 .5
31.3 33.8 .6
27.6 50.1 .7
29.0 43.5 .8
20.6 50.2 8.0
25.7 57.1 59.8 34.8 24.
19.2 70.8 87.0 47.5 39.
21.8 71.3 100.0 51.9 48.
19.3 78.0 100.0 48.7 51.
17.5 79.8 100.0 41.8 58.
17.0 82.8 100.0 42.0 58.
13.9 86.1 100.0 27.0 73.
11.0 89.0 100.0 10.6 89.
16.0 84.0 100.0 15.1 84.
• 1:
10.4 89.6 100.0 5.7 94.
7.2 92.8 100.0 100.
10.8 89.2 100.0 100.
7.4 92.6 100.0 100.
12.4 87.6 100.0 100.

ir '• i i i ' ' 'i i 'H
100
100
100
99
100
99
99
99
99
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
.3
.5
.0
.2



.5



.4
.1
HP/
CID
.433
.419
.447
.449
.465
.453
.452
.445
.468
.471
.523
.572
.649
.668
.686
.694
.702
.710
.747
.746
.737
.794
.802
.820
.827


HP/
WT
.0351
.0341
.0360
.0358
.0349
.0312
.0316
.0317
.0307
.0302
.0329
.0329
.0353
.0369
.0373
.0369
.0377
.0381
.0409
.0408
.0409
.0434
.0440
.0443
.0438


TON
-MPG
28.8
30.8
33.5
32.5
32.4
37.5
38.6
37.9
38.5
38.4
39.7
40.6
41.3
42.4
43.2
43.0
43.2
43.3
43.2
43.2
43.1
44.4
43.9
44.6
44.2


FOUR VEHICLE SIZE
VALVE SMALL MID LARGE









99.2
92
9 39
5 13
1
3
2
0
0
4
9

3
0
0
0
0


.0
.7
.0

.5




.6 16.1
.6 12.9
1.3 11.8
1.0 12.7
.6 11.2
1.0 13.8
.7 10.2
1.4 14.7
.9 29.8
1.1 32.1
1.0 42.8
6.3 49.6
4.7 69.6
2.9 71.0
10.4 72.8

I

i
i, .• "





6.3

10.6
9.3
12.9
17.5
21.8


8.0 73.9
3.7 84.7
3.3 87.1
1.2 91.3
5.7 85.3

4.0 92.5
2.3 94.7
9.6 81.5
2.2 95.8
5.4 92.1

t! 	
83.3
86.6
86.9
86.3
88.2
85.1
89.2
83.9
69.3
66.8
56.2
44.0
25.7
26.0
16.8
18.1
11.6
9.6
7.4
9.1

3.6
2.9
8.9
1.9
2.5

: 't,' •

















































._






DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
99.4
99.4
98.7
99.0
99.4
99.0
99.3
98.6
99.0
98.9
99.0
89.3
89.6
86.8
85.6
82.8
79.1
84.6
82.0
78.1

73.8
82.1
79.5
79.2
74.1


.6
.6
1.3
1.0
.6
1.0
.7
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.0
10.7
10.4
13.2
14.4
17.2
20.9
15.4
18.0
21.9

26.2
17.9
20.5
20.8
25.9


                                                                                                            1-20

-------
Table 1-21
                                                  Appendix  I




                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975  TO  1999 LIGHT DUTT VEHICLES
                                                                                                 4500  Ib.  TRUCKS
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
199'7
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
386
610
862
986
960
389 .
373
407
517
691
745
769
636
814
895
832
909
1015
1163
1482
1680
1570
1713
1645
1978
OF 4500
FUEL ECONOMY WGHT ENGINE 0-
FRAC
.194
.234
.305
.301
.311
.209
.205
.213
.225
.207
.203
.177
.154
.179
.202
.219
.224
.250
.245
.270
.292
.299
.275
.251
.290
Ib.
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT


















.3


9.7
5.7
6.6
20.1
4WD
31.9
44.1
45.0
50.0
15.7
31.6
24.7
20.5
26.7
27.5
25.1
25.8
23.2
31.3
29.6
28.5
44.9
39.5
37.7
46.3
44.2
40.2
46.3
45.5
48.8
CITY
10.7
11.6
12.5
12.3
12.8
14.0
14.9
14.9
15.0
14.7
14.5
15.3
15.0
15.4
15.3
15.6
16.1
16.1
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.8
17.0
16.9
17.2
TRUCKS :
60
HWY 55/45 LB CID HP TIME
13.6 11.9 4500 350 160 13
15.1 12.9 4500 353 158 13
15.9 13.8 4500 359 164 13
15.4 13.5 4500 353 161 13
15.9 13.9 4500 323 145 14
18.3 15.7 4500 319 144 14
19.9 16.8 4500 311 143 14
19.7 16.8 4500 310 150 13
20.2 17.0 4500 310 148 14
20.0 16.7 4500 310 149 13
19.4 16.4 4500 311 157 13
20.6 17.3 4500 307 151 13
20.6 17.1 4500 315 165 12
21.6 17.7 4500 321 172 12
21.7 17.6 4500 320 174 12
22.7 18.2 4500 307 171 12
23.8 18.8 4500 285 172 12
23.8 18.9 4500 282 172 12
24.5 19.3 4500 278 175 12
24.4 19.3 4500 277 183 11
24.3 19.2 4500 277 180 12
25.4 19.8 4500 269 185 11
25.4 19.9 4500 263 192 11
25.2 19.8 4500 265 203 10
25.6 20.2 4500 261 205 10

.3
.5
.0
.1
.3
.3
.4
.9
.0
.9
.3
.8
.9
.5
.4
.6
.5
.5
.3
.9
.0
.8
.4
.9
.8

TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING
MANUAL
27.8
30.3
22.0
21.0
20.7
27.0
18.3
13.7
14.1
14.0
11.9
12.4
13.2
15.1
23.5
15.7
15.6
18.0
13.6
10.6
14.0
8.1
5.6
6.7
4.0
LOCK FI TBI PORT CARB
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
.2 99.7
41.1 97.3
54.4 99.0
53.1 99.6
59.2 99.6
59.9 99.8
62.6 4.6 95.4
68.6 22.1 22.1 77.9
48.8 79.3 43.2 36.1 20.7
60.8 97.4 66.4 31.0 2.5
61.2 98.5 59.8 38.7 1.4
74.6 99.1 59.1 40.0 .8
82.0 99.5 45.3 54.2 .4
81.3 100.0 36.9 63.0
86.1 100.0 38.2 61.8
88.8 100.0 27.9 72.1
85.6 100.0 25.8 74.2
91.5 100.0 100.0
94.1 100.0 100.0
93.3 100.0 100.0
96.0 100.0 100.0
TOP
SPD
116
116
117
116
112
111
111
113 . .
113
113
115
114
118
120
120
120
120
120
121
123
122
124
126
129
130

FOUR
DSL VALVE



2

2
1





















.0
.3
.7
.0
.4
.4
.2



.1
.1
.1



.9
8.8
5.0
4.1
2.0
' 5.0
HP/
CID
455
445
456
456
452
452
461
484
480
481
505
493
523
534
541
561
615
623
644
674
666
693
735*
771
790

HP/
WT
.0353
.0348
.0362
.0355
.0321
.0317
.0315
.0331
.0328
.0330
.0348
.0336
.0366
.0381
.0385
.0379
.0381
.0382
.0389
.0406
.0399
.0410
.0427
.0452
.0455

TON
-MPG
26.9
29.3
31.3
30.8
32.0
35.7
38.2
38.2
38.6
38.0
37.2
39.3
38.7
40.0
39.9
41.3
42.6
42.7
43.7
43.6
43.4
44.8
45.1
44.8
45.6

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID

























43.4
.2 32.1
31.9
36.7
24.8
24.5
.2 26.8
.6 33.9
33.7
33.2
31.6
29.3
31.5
22.8
22.9
38.9
51.0
51.4
49.6
56.3
.2 57.3
66.7
63.0
58.9
.4 66.2
LARGE
56.6
67.7
68.1
63.3
75.2
75.5
72.9
65.5
66.3
' 66.8
68.4
70.7
68.5
77.2
77.1
61.1
49.0
48.6
50.4
43.7
42.5
33.3
37.0
41.1
33.4
























































DESIGNED
DOM
100.0
99.8
99.9
99.8
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.3
99.2
99.2
99.7
99.0
98.7
98.9
94.5
95.9
93.1
90.9
90.2
87.6
93.7
90.1
93.3
91.7
IMPORT

.2
.1
.2


.2
.6
.7
.8
.8
.3
1.0
1.3
1.1
5.5
4.1
6.9
9.1
9.8
12.4
6.3
9.9
6.7
8.3
1-21

-------
Table 1-22
                                   |   ,t    ,        Appendix I
                                   I  .' . ' •     •         i ,   ' i        i       ' !
                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES

11111 il
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
PERCENT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999


SALES
(000)
201
297
256
324
673
242
122
170
173
260
277
289
235
366
340
390
245
363
405
574
629
572
828
1117
1039
OF 5000
V


FRAC
.101
.114
.091
.099
.218
.130
.067
.089
.075
.078
.076
.067
.057
.080
.077
.103
.060
.089
.085
.105
.109
.109
.133
.170
.152
Ibl'
DRIVETRA1N
FRONT




















.3




4HD
48.9
50.3
40.8
56.5
22.4
51.8
50.7
42.0
48.9
60.0
63.5'"
62.7
70.3
61.1
62.7
58.9
69.9
64.5
71.1
75.2
72.7
61.2
48'. 1
72 .7
62.6
1 i • i • "

FUEL ECONOMY
',•' ••
! ii
WGHT
CITY HWY 55/45 LB
10.2 12.4 11. 1 5000
ll.O 13.7 i2.1 5000
11. 9 14.8 13.1 5000
11.7 14.6 12.8 5000
11.4 13.7 12.3 5000
13.4 17.9 15.1 5000
14.1 18.7 i5. 8 5000
15.1 20.2 17.0 5000
14.8 20.6 17.0 5000
14.0 19.5 16.0 5000
13.8 19.4 is. 9 5000
14.1 20.0 16.3 5000
13.8 19.3 15.9 5000
14.2 20.3 16.4 5000
14.0 19.8 16.1 5000
14.0 20.6 16. 4 5000
13.9 20.2 16.2 5000
14.3 21.3 16.8 5000
14.5 21.5 17.0 5000
14.5 21.6 17.0 5000
14.5 21.6 17.0 5000
14.8 22.2 17.4 5000
15.6 23.4 18.3 5000
15.1 22.8 17.8 5000
15.1 22.4 17.7 5000
TROCKS :
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
24.2
24.6
22.1
27.0
15.5 1.2
18.5 56.3
17.4 53.8
17.9 54.6
12.1 67.2
12.6 59.0
11.8 63.6
9.5 68.8
13.0 53.5
9.8 64.3
12.6 64.7
8.7 84.4
10.5 82.8
10.0 85.1
9.2 87.4
7.5 90.2
8.3 89.6
5.7 93.1
4.0 96.0
3.5 96.5
2.8 97.2
	 1

i ' ''' |! !"'

ENGINE
cib rip
365 165
364 156
372 167
371 170
363 156
347 154
330 146
331 144
332 150
327 159
326 164
323 162
327 175
330 180
322 176
332 188
325 188
320 182
324 196
329 200
329 199
328 220
313 227
310 230
313 236

FUEL METERING
FI TBI


0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
14.1 114
14.7 112
14.0 115
13.6 116
15.1 112
14.8 111-
15.4 109
15.6 108
15.0 110
14.4 113
14.0 114
14.1 113
13.4 117
13.2 118
13.4 117
12.7 121
12.6 121
13.0 119
12.2 123
12.0 124
12.1 124
11.2 130
10.8 132
10.7 133
10.5 134

FOUR
PORT CARS DSL VALVE


HP/
CID
.449
.427
.446
.459
.426
.443
.446
.438
.458
.488
.504
.502
.534
.541
.547
.567
.582
.572
.606
.610
.605
.671
.728
.750
.760



HP/
WT
J0327
.0311
.0331
.0338
.0311
.0305
.0289
.0284
.0298
.0316
.0326
.0323
.0349
.0357
.0349
.0374
.0373
.0363
.0389
.0399
.0396
.0440
.0454
.0461
.0471



TON
-MPG
27.9
30.4
32.8
32.1
31.8
39.1
40.6
44.5
44.0
41.0
40.3
41.1
40.0
41.3
40.7
41.1-
40.7
42.3
42.7
42.7
42.6
43.6
45.9
44.6
44.5

VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID
100.0
100.0
100. 0
100.0
92.2 7.8
' 82.5 17.5
85.6 14.4
67.9 32.1
81.7 18.3
93.4 6.6
3.2
16.2
70.7 40.0
97.4 47.8
99.3 39.1
99.4 54.7
99.3 48.2
99.6 38.8
100.0 40.5
100.0 40.2
100.0 38.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.
) 2.8

16.2 82.3 1.5
30.7 28.5 .8
49.6 1.4 1.1
60.2
44.7
51.1
60.8
59.5
59.8
61.3
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
.6
.7
.4

2.8
1.4
.1 3.2
3.0













35.9
35.3
30.4
36.9
25.2
23.1
33.1
23.1
38.2
45.1
42.5
42.7
48.8
31.3
3.4 37.0
2.2 36.6
2.1 19.4
1.1 13.9
.9 15.0
11.0
12.6
10.7
4.1
9.0
7.9
LARGE
64.1
64.7
69.6
63.1
74.8
76.9
66.9
76.9
61.8
54.9
57.5
57.3
51.2
68.7
59.6
61.2
78.6
85.0
84.1
89.0
87.4
89.3
95.9
91.0
92.1






















































.





DESIGNED
DOM
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.6
97.8
93.2
96.6
96.1
96.9
97.2
95.5
96.2
95.2
94.3
IMPORT














3.4
2.2
6.8
3.4
3.9
3.1
2.8
4.5
3.8
4.8
5.7
5000 Ib.  TRUCKS
                                                                                                                   " i
                                                                                                            1-22

-------
Table 1-23
                                                   Appendix I

                               CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTT VEHICLES
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000)
59
109
101
133
158
28
6
41
35
34
28
28
58
77
47
51
37
73
111
140
199
231
609
408
347
FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC
.030
.042
.036
.041
.051
.015
.003
.022
.015
.010
.008
.006
.014
.017
.011
.013
.009
.018
.023
.025
.035
.044
.098
.062
.051
CITY
9.2
10.3
10.7
11.0
10.3
11.7
12.2
18.7
17.6
15.6
13.9
13.8
14.3
13.9
14.4
14.1
14.0
13.8
14.2
14.3
14.3
14.1
14.5
14.0
14.1
HWY
11.3
13.1
13.4
13.8
12.2
15.4
16.1
26.4
25.4
22.1
20.2
20.0
21.0
20.3
22.4
22.0
21.5
20.5
21.0
21.0
20.9
21.2
22.3
21.4
21.6
55/45
10.0
11.4
11.8
12.1
11.1
13.1
13.7
21.5
20.4
17.9
16.1
16.0
16.7
16.2
17.2
16.8
16.7
16.2
16.6
16.7
16.6
16.6
17.2
16.6
16.7
WGHT
LB
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
ENGINE
CID
380
385
398
380
400
353
350
350
373
367
359
341
351
350
350
350
347
343
342
346
346
345
338
326
336
HP
175
173
184
173
183
162
163
132
136
145
157
157
206
199
205
206
201
201
200
202
202
234
238
233
243
0-60
TIME
14.7
14.8
14.1
14.5
14.3
15.2
15.2
17.9
17.6
16.8
15.8
15.8
12.6
12.9
12.7
12.6
12.9
13.0
13.0
12.9
12.8
11.5
11.2
11.4
11.0
TOP
SPD
114
113
116
113
116
110
111
103
104
106
109
109
122
120
122
122
121
121
121
121
121
130
131
129
132
HP/
CID
.455
.445
.458
.457
.454
.457
.465
.378
.367
.398
.439
.474
.588
.569
.587
.588
.578
.583
.584
.584
.583
.679
.705
.716
.724
HP/
WT
.0314
.0312
.0332
.0313
.0332
.0288
.0287
.0237
.0242
.0259
.0281
.0280
.0372
.0361
.0372
.0372
.0361
.0361
.0362
.0366
.0366
.0426
.0432
.0423
.0441
TON
-MPG
27.7
31.5
32.8
33.4
30.8
36.3
37.7
60.0
57.9
51.9
45.8
45.3
46.1
44.8
47.6
46.5
46.1
44.7
45.8
46.1
45.9
45.9
47.6
45.7
46.0
                                                                                        5500  Ib.  TRUCKS
  PERCENT  OF  5500  Ib. TRUCKS:
 MODEL
 YEAR

   1975
   1976
   1977
   1978
   1979

   1980
   1981
   1982
   1983
   1984

   1985
   1986
   1987
   1988
   1989

   1990
   1991
   1992
   1993
   1994

   1995
   1996
   1997
   1998
   1999
DRIVETRftIN  TRANSMISSION
FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI    TBI  PORT
                 CARB
     FOUR   VEHICI
DSL  VALVE  SMALL
84.9
86.1
76.1
89.9
11.9
60.6
73.2
79.9
67.5
67.2
79.8
76.2
35.9
36.4
4.6
3.5
8.0
41.3
30.8
40.0
61.8
73.7
87.9
84.6
58.1
2
3
1
1
29
22
24
13
3
4
4
10

1
1
1

3
1
2
1
1

1
1
.6
.3
.7
.1
.5
.9
.3
.2
.6
.5
.1
.1
.4
.2
.0
.1
.6
.8
.0
.2
.4
.3
.3
.1
.4
41
55
85
94
88
86
82
95
89
93
98
99
94
92
92
94
94
99
98
98
.6
.0
.7
.1
.8
.5
.7
.8
.5
.2
.0
.4
.5
.8
.8
.6
.6
.7
.9
.6


92
97
96
97
95
98
100
100
100
98
99
99
100


.6
.7
.9
.2
.6
.4
.0
.0
.0
.9
.9
.8
.0


91.
88.
89.
83.
72.
74.
73.
74.
75.






6
3
8
1
0
9
5
5
2







9
7
14
23
23
26
25
24
98
99
99
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.2
19.9
42.1
70.0
74.5
.9 3.8
.3 .4
.1
.1
.5
.5
.5
.5
.8
.9
.9
.8
.0
92.8
80.1
57.9
30.0
25.5
3.6
1.9
3.1
2.8
4.4
1.6



1.1
.1
.2

                                                          2.1
SIZE
MID
7
3
6
6
8

3
32
33
20
10
6
1
1
1



2
1





.8
.9
.6
.5
.7

.9
.0
.8
.2
.8
.4
.4
.1
.1
.8
.9

.2
.4
.2




LARGE
92
96
93
93
91
100
96
68
66
79
89
93
98
98
98
99
99
100
97
98
99
100
100
100
100
.2
.1
.4
.5
.3
.0
.1
.0
.2
.8
.2
.6
.6
.9
.9
.2
.1
.0
.8
.6
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
99.
97.
99.
0
0
0
0
0 '
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
9
8






















.3
2.1
.2
1-23

-------
                                                  Appendix  I
'{• : ' Table 1-24
i i • >). "•' V. .
! MODEL
YEAR
. 1 • ;
1975
1976
"('• ' ' 1977
. 1978
•,i • 1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
..: • lg87
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
" 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
SALES
(000}

1
1
2
2
10
4
4
4
4
8
6
3
4
33
32
18
25
49
69
70
63
78
95
488

FRAC
'I
.000
.001
.001
.001
•003
.002
.002
.002
.001
.002
.001
. 001
.001
.007
.008
.005
.006
.010
.013
.012
.012
.013
.015
.072
FUEL
CITY

10.0
10.6
11.2
10 . 7
9.7
10.8
18.2
17.4
17.4
18.0
18.8
18.1
ll.O
13.5
13. 6
13.5
12.5
13.4
13.9
13.6
14.1
14.2
13.3
13.5
CHARACTERISTICS
M ..,,
ECONOMY
HWY

12.3
13.9
14.2
13.4s
12.6
14.9
26.2
25.3
25.8
27.6
28.5
26.8
23.6
20.0
20.4
19.9
19.3
20.1
20.0
19.9
21.6
21.4
21.0
20.7
55/45
1
10.9
11.9
12.4
11.8
10.8
12.3
21.1
20.2
20.4
21.4
22.2
21.2
18. 7
15.8
ie.o
15.8
14.9
15.8
ie.i
15.8
16.7
16.8
15.9
16.0
WGHT
LB

6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
"J,1 V -— —
OF 1975 TO
ENGINE;
CID

329
373
362
373
411
362
350
378
378
378
379
377
369
352
352
351
350
350
352
352
350
350
341
332
HP

152
161
165
170
189
169
130
131
131
132
130
136
158
205
206
206
209
210
208
207
246
248
236
244
1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES ,
' ''
'6-60
TIME
;
16.9
16.3
'16.0
15.6
15.7
15.8
19.5
19.4
19.4
19.3
19.5
19.0
17.3
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.3
13.3
13.4
13.4
11.7
11.6
12.1
11.8
TOP
SPD

105
108
109
110
115
110
100
100
100
100
100
102
107
119
119
119
120
120
120
119
129
129
126
129
HP/
CID
"' ''
.448
.422
.450
.454
.448
.466
.371
.346
.345
.348
.342
.362
.430
.583
.586
.588
.595
.600
. 5""92
.590
.703
.709
.692
.735
HP/
WT

.0157
.0232
.0235
.0254
.0310
.0270
.0213
.0216
.0213
.0208
.0211
.0212
.0249
.0340
.0341
.0342
.0347
.0350
.0346
.0345
.0409
.0413
.0392
.0407
TON
-MPG

33.2
35.8
'37.4
35.4
32.6
37.5
63.4
61.3
61.9
64.6
66.8
64.5
57.7
47.8
48.3
47.5
"44.7
47.4
48.4
47.6
50.2
51.1
47.7
48.1
                                                                                                  6000 'ib. TRUCKS
PERCENT OF 6000 Ib. TRUCKS:
HCDEL
YEAR

 1975
 1976
 1977
 1978
 1979

 1980
 1982
 1983
 1984

 1985
 1986
 1987
 1988
 1989

 1990
 1991
 1992
 1993
 1994

 1995
 1996
 1997
 1998
 1999
DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI    TBI  PORT  CARB
     FOUR
DSL  VALVE
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL   MID LARGE
DESIGNED
DOM IMPORT
14
64
53
64
43
2
99
95
95
41
41
48
61
96
96
94
82
99
91

91
92
95
96
99
•6
.4
.5
.2
.1
.3
.3
.5
.4
.2
.5
.5
.9
.3
.8
.9
.5
.8
.(>

.3
.5
•5
.2
.1
74.8
38.8
36.7
33.8









76.
100.
95.





5
0
5
''




;


95.4
2.5
.3
7.9
7.4
1.1
.7









.1
97.
99.
92.
92.
98.
99.
99.
100.
100.
100.

100.
100.
100.
100.
99.
5
7
1
6
9
3
9
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
9


7
32
93
1;
94
94
100. 0
ioo.d
100.0
100.0
ioo.d
ioo . d
.7 99.3
4.5 95.5
4.6 95.4
4.7 95.3
100.0
.8 7.8 92.2
.9 32.9 67.1
.7 93.7 6.3
.5 94.5 5.5
.7 94.7 5.3
99.2 82.5 16.7 .8
100
100
i;
100
99
98
98
99
.0 99.8 .2
.0 87.0 13.0

.0 86.4 13.6 :
.3 99.3 ' .7
.4 98.4 1.6
.7 98.7! 1.35.0
.9 99.9 ! .1 6.8
                                                                       85.4  14.6 lOO.O
                                                                       35.6  64.4 100.0
                                                                       46.5  53.5 100.0
                                                                       30.3  69.7 100.0
                                                                            100.0 100.0




14
15
14
11


1












.0
.3
.6
.9
.9
.7
.3
.8
.2
.1
.1




100
100
100
100
86
84
85
88
99
99
98
99
99
99
99
100
100
idd
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.7
.4
.1
.1
.3
.7
.2
.8
.9
.9
.0
.0
.0
.0
100.
100.
100.
ioo.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
95.
93.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 5.0
2 6.8
                                                                                                  '.	1. •	.'
                                                                                                           J-24

-------
Table  1-25
 MODEL
 YEAR

   1975
   1976
   1977
   1978
   1980
   1991
SALES
(000)  FRAC
                                                    Appendix I

                                CHARACTERISTICS OF 1975 TO 1999 LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
FUEL ECONOMY
CITY  HWY  55/45
WGHT  VOL
 LB  CU-FT
1
1
1
2
1
.000
.000
.001
.000
.000
9.9
10.4
11.4
10.7
10.6
11.6
13.3
13.6
13.2
14.5
10.6
11.5
12.3
11.7
12.0
- 6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
                 .000
                        16.8  26.7  20.2
                                           6500
ENGINE
CID  HP

321  150
324  144
316  142
327  155
368  150
379  140
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD

18.6 103
19.2 102
19.3 101
   1
   5
                                                        18
                                                        18
                                               104
                                               103
                                                        19.6 101
 HP/
 CID

.464
.442
.449
.472
.407
.368
 HP/
 WT

.0199
.0197
.0202
.0223
.0213
.0194
 TON
-MPG
                                                  34.5
                                                  37.6
                                                  40.1
                                                  38.2
                                                  39.2
                                                  65.5
                                                                                                   6500 Ib. TRUCKS
  PERCENT OF 6500  Ib.  TRUCKS:
  MODEL
  YEAR

   1975
   1976
   1977
   1978
   1980
   1991
 DRIVETRAIN  TRANSMISSION
 FRONT  4WD  MANUAL  LOCK
                 .2
               FUEL METERING                FOUR   VEHICLE SIZE
               FI    TBI  PORT  CARB   DSL  VALVE  SMALL   MID LARGE
                               100.0
                               100.0
                               100.0
                               100.0
                               100.0
                                      100.0
                                      100.0
                                      100.0
                                       86.8
                                                                              13.2
                                        DESIGNED
                                        DOM IMPORT

                                      100.0
                                      100.0
                                      100.0
                                      100.0
                100.0
                              100.0
                                                             100.0
                                                                             100.0 100.0
                                                                             100.0 100.0
1-25

-------
'    ill!"1          '    .1'                                !               III.

-------