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SECTION.5
References
1. "Field Manual for Performance Evaluation and Troubleshooting at
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities," EPA 430/9-78-001,
January 1978. ,
2. "Process Design Manual for Upgrading Existing Wastewater Treatment
Plants," EPA, Technology Transfer, 625/l-71-004a, 1974.
3. "Process Design Manual for Phosphorus Removal," EPA, Technology
Transfer, EPA 625/1-76-OOla, April 19.76. . , , ,
4. "Process Design Manual for Suspended Solids Removal," EPA, Technology
Transfer, EPA 625/1-75-003a, January 1975.
5. "Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control," EPA, Technology
Transfer, October 1975.
6. "Process Control Manual for Aerobic Biological Wastewater Treatment
Facilities," EPA 430/9-77-006,- March 1977. .,-.
7. "Process Design Manual for Sludge Treatment and Disposal," EPA,
Technology Transfer, 625/1-79-011, September 1979.
141
-------
-------
APPENDIX
INFORMATION ON CHEMICALS
-------
-------
APPENDIX
INFORMATION ON CHEMICALS
General information on various chemicals is provided in this
section,including uses of the chemical, trade and common names,
available forms, commercial strength, feeders, storage, safety
considerations, approximate 1979 cost, acceptable handling materials,
and major chemical manufacturers. For easy reference, the chemicals
are arranged in alphabetical order.
The information provided in this Appendix is intended to provide,
the operator with basic guidance on the use and handling of different
chemicals. There is much useful information in the Appendix, but the
operator must be aware of certain limitations. Most chemicals are
shipped in a variety of forms, quantities, and commercial strengths
which may differ with each manufacturer or supplier. Consequently,
the Appendix describes the most commonly available form for each
chemical. Storage and safety information described in the Appendix is
not intended to be complete or absolute. Sufficient general information
is provided to aid the operator in deciding whether or not to use a
certain chemical; however, detailed information on specific chemicals
should be obtained directly from the supplier before purchasing or using
the chemical in question.
The cost quotations in this section are approximate 1979 costs
obtained from,the "Chemical Marketing Reporter," November 5, 1979.
The costs reflect the list prices of merchant producers prevailing on
November 2, 1979 for large lots, f.o.b., New York. The values do not
represent bid and asked prices. Differences between high and low costs
may be accounted for by differences in quantity, quality or locality.
Because it is not possible or practical to identify all manufacturers
or suppliers of each chemical, the operator is strongly encouraged to add
his own local supplier to the list wherever possible. A partial list of
manufacturers is provided in the Appendix only as guidance for locating
a possible source for chemicals which may otherwise be difficult to
obtain.
A-l
-------
APPENDIX INDEX
Chemical Paee
Activated Carbon A-3
Aluminum Sulfate i A-4
Anhydrous Ammonia A-5
Bentonite A-6
Calcium Carbonate A-7
Calcium Hydroxide A-8
Calcium Hypochlorite A-9
Calcium Oxide A-10
Carbon Dioxide A-ll
Caustic Soda A-12
Chlorine A-13
Copper Sulfate A-14
Defoamer A-15
Diatomaceous Earth A-16
Ferric Chloride A-17
Ferric Sulfate A-18
Ferrous Chloride A-19
Ferrous Sulfate A-20
Hydrochloric Acid . . . . . A-21
Hydrogen Peroxide A-22
Lime A-23
Magnesium Hydroxide A-24
Methanol A-25
Oxygen (Liquid) ....... A-26
Ozone A-27
Polymer A-28
Potassium Permanganate A-29
Soda Ash A-30
Sodium Aluminate A-31
Sodium Bicarbonate A-32
Sodium Bisulfite A-33
Sodium Carbonate . A-34
Sodium Hydroxide A-35
Sodium Hypochlorite A-36
Sodium Metabisulf ite A-37
Sodium Sulfite A-38
Sodium Thiosulfate A-39
Sulfur Dioxide A-40
Sulfuric Acid A-41
A-2
-------
ACTIVATED CARBON
TRADE NAMES
Aqua Nuchar, Norit, Darco, Carbodur
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags.r 35 Ib.
Drums - 5, 25 Ib.
Bulk - Carloads ,
STORAGE
Bags, bins
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.61-$0.65/lb
USES
Taste, odor, color and organics
removal, dechlorination, sludge
stabilization, denitrification.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
10% C (bone char) to 90% C (wood
charcoal)
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9)
Slurry ^ rotodip or diaphragm pump
' (Fig. 13)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
'Dusty, smolders if ignited. Isolate
from flammable materials such as
rags, chlorine compounds, and all
oxidizing agents.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Dry - iron, steel
Wet' - rubber, iron, steel
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
American Norit Company, Inc., 6301 Gli'dden Way, Jacksonville, Florida 32208
Westvaco Corporation, Chemical Division, Covington, Virginia 24426,.
Whitco Chemical Corporation, 277 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017
ICI United States, Ihc". , Wilmington, Delaware 19897
Calgori Corporation, P.O. Box 1346, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 15230
A-.3
-------
ALUMINUM SULFATE
TRADE NAMES
Alum, filter alum
AVAILABLE FORMS
Dry
Bags - 100, 200 Ibs
Bbls - 300, 400 Ibs
Drums - 25 100 250 Ibs
Bulk - carloads , tank trucks
Liquid
Rail or truck - 4000 gal (min)
STORAGE
Dry Alum - 30 days max, in dry loca-
tion with dust collectors. Use 60ฐ
min hopper wall slope to prevent
arching.
Liquid - corrosive, store without
dilution above 25ฐF to prevent
crystalization
APFROX. 1979 COST
$146-$165/ton
USES
Coagulation, sludge conditioning,
precipitate P04, remove metals, oil,
organics, BOD/SS.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Powder - 17% Al2 03
Minimum Liquid - 8.3% as Al2 03 or
49% as A12 (804)3.14 H20
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - belt, (Fig. 10,11'), L-l-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9),
universal (Fig. 7)
Solution rotodip, plunger or
diaphragm pump, (Figure 13 )
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Dry alum is dusty, irritating to
mucous membranes, can cause serious
eye injury.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Solution - Stoneware, lead, rubber, acid-resisting tile, Duriron, plastics,
stainless 316, asphalt, cypress, PVC, Fiberglass
Dry - concrete, steel, iron
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
American Cyanamid, Berdan Avenue, Wayne, New Jersey 07470
Allied Chemical Corporation, P.O. Box 1139R, Morristown, New Jersey 07960
Ashland Chemical Company, P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
Dixie Chemical Company, 3635 W. Dallas Street, Houston, Texas 77019
Cities Service Company, 3445 Peachtree Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
Stauffer Chemical Company, New York, New York
'A-4
-------
ANHYDROJJS AMMONIA
TRADE NAMES
Ammonia
USES
Chlorine-ammonia treatment, anaerobic
digestion, nutrient for aerobic
bacteria
AVAILABLE FORMS
Cylinders - 50, 100, 150 lb.
Tank Cars - 50,000 lb.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
99% to 100% NH3
STORAGE
Pressure cylinders
FEEDERS
Gas Feed
APPROX. 1979 COST
$120-$140/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Pungent, irritating odor, liquid causes
burns. Prevent contact with chlorine
compounds, mercury, iodine, and bromine
HANDLING MATERIALS
Iron,steel, glass, nickel, Monel, neoprene, Penton
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
PPG Industries, Inc., Chemical Div., One Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15222
A-5
-------
BENTONITE
TRADE NAMES
Colloidal clay, WLlkinite, Volclay
USES
Coagulation aid as a weighting agent.
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 50, 100 Ib
Bulk - carloads, railcars
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Not Applicable
STORAGE
Dry powder or granules. Provide
hopper agitation.
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W, belt (Fig. 10,11)
Solution - diaphragm pump, plunger
pump (Fig. 13)
Volumetric -helix (Fig. 9), universal
(Fig. 7)
APPROX. 1979 COST
$28-$30/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
No significant hazards
HANDLING MATERIALS
Iron, steel, Hypalon, Tyril
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Dow Chemical Corp., 2030 Dow Center, Midland, MI48840
A-6
-------
CALCIUM CARBONATE
TRADE NAMES
Calcite, limestone, whiting, chalk
USES
Neutralizing agent, corrosion control
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 50 Ib
Drums ~
Bulk - carloads
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
96 to 99%
STORAGE
Noncorrosive; store in concrete or
steel bins.
Provide hopper agitation.
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W,belt (Fig. 10,11)
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9) "
Slurry -.diaphragm pump (Fig. 13')
APPROX. 1979 COST
$54/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Slight dust hazard.~
Use protective clothing and devices
to avoid contact.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Iron, steel, rubber
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Clark Corp., P.O. Box 500, Windsor, WI 53598
A-7
-------
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
TRADE NAMES
Hydrated lime, slaked lime
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 50 Ib ,
Bbls - 100 Ib.
Bulk - carloads
STORAGE
Same as CaO but bin agitation must
be provided . Hopper should slope 65 .
APPROX. 1979 COST
$33-$43/ton
USES
Coagulation, pH adjustment, acid
neutralization, sludge conditioning,
precipitate POi^
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Ca (OH) 2 - 82-95%
CaO - 62-72%
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W, belt (Fig. 10,11)
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9), universal
(Fig.TJ
Slurry - rotodip, diaphragm or plunger
pump (Fig. 13 )
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Caustic, irritant, dusty. Avoid eyes,
nose and respiratory system.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Rubber, iron, steel, cement, Hypalon, Penton, PVC, asphalt (no lead)
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Bethlehem Mines Corp., Annville, PA 17003
Mississippi Lime Co., 7 Alby Street, Alton, IL 62002
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, OH 43216
Flintkote Co., 1650 S. Alameda Street, Los Angeles, CA 90021
A-8
-------
CALCIUM.HYPOCHLORITE
TRADE NAMES
HTH, perchloron, Pittchlor
USES
Disinfection, slime control,
deodorization
AVAILABLE FORMS
Cans - 5 Ib
Drums - 100, 300, 800 Ib,
Bbls - 415 Ib.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
65% available Chlorine
Must be stored dry and cool; avoid
contact with organic matter
STORAGE
FEEDERS
LIQUID:
Rotodip, diaphragm pump (Fig. 13;
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.70/lb
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Corrosive
Avoid contact with organic matter.
HANDLING MATERIAL!
Ceramic, glass, rubber, PVC, Penton, Tyril, Hypalon, vinyl, stoneware, wood
(no tin)
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, OH 43216 ~~''
Dixie Chemical Co., 3635 W. Dallas St., Houston, TX 77019
PPG Industries, Inc., Chemical Div., One Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Penwalt Corp., Inorganic Chemicals Div., Three Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19102
A-9
-------
CALCIUM OXIDE
TRADE NAMES
Quicklime, unslaked lime, burnt lime
USES
Coagulation, pH adjustment, acid
neutralization, sludge conditioning,
precipitate
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 50, 100 Ib.
Bbls - 100 Ib.
Bulk - carload
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
70-96% CaO (can be poor quality
.below 85%)
STORAGE
Keep dry with container closed.
Store bags on pallets, 60 'flays maxi-
mum. Provide dust collectors for bin
storage and slope bin outlet 60 .
FEEDERS
Gravimetric^ - belt (Fig. 10,11) or
L-I-W
Volumetric - universal (Fig. 7), helix
(Fig. 9)
Also see Fig- 15 and 16 for lime
slakers.
APPROX. 1979 COST
$31-$33/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Unstable, caustic, irritant, dusty.
Lime dust and hot slurry can cause
severe burns.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Rubber, iron, steel, concrete, Hypalon, Penton, PVC, asphalt
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Pfizer Inc., MPM Div., 235 E. 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017
Bethlehem Mines Corp., Annville, PA 17003
Mississippi Lime Co., 7 Alby Street, Alton, IL 62002
Martin Marietta Cement, Southern Div., 18th Floor, Daniel Bldg, Birmingham, AL
35233
Ohio Lime Co., Woodville, OH 43469
Flintkote Co., 1650 S. Alameda Street, Los Angeles, CA 90021
U.S. Gypsum Co., Chemicals Division, 101 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL 60606
A-10
-------
CARBON DIOXIDfe
TRADE NAMES
Dry ice, carbonic acid gas
USES
Recarbonation, coagulation/floe aid,
pH adjustment
AVAILABLE FORMS
Cylinders - 20, 50 Ib.
Trucks - 10, 20 tons
Railcar - 30, 50 tons
COMMERCIALS TREN 6 TH
99.5%
STORAGE
Pressure cylinders
Liquid systems usually require
on-site bulk storage.
FEEDERS
Gas feeder
APPROX. 1979 COST
$40-$80/ton (1974)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Colorless, odorless, nonflammable
gas. Solutions of CC>2 in water are
very reactive and, form carbonic acid.
HANDLING MATERIALS
As dry gas; iron, steel
As moist gas; 316SS, plastic
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Airco, Inc., Hopewell, VA; Lawrence, KS
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., Pensacola, FL
Allied Chemical Corp.,_Geismar, LA; South Point, OH; Omaha, NB
American Cyanamid Co.,"New Orleans, LA
Chemetron Corp., Delaware City, DE; Morris, IL; Toledo, OH; Woodstock, TN; other
Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, CA; Fort Madison, IA
Church & Dwight Co., Inc., Green River, WY
Ar-11
-------
CAUSTIC SODA
TRADE NAMES
See Sodium Hydroxide
AVAILABLE FORMS
STORAGE
APPROX. 1979 COST
USES
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
FEEDERS
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
HANDLING MATERIALS
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
A-12
-------
CHLORINE
TRADE NAMES
Chlorine gas, liquid chlorine
USES
Disinfection, slime control, taste and
odor control.
AVAILABLE FORMS
Cylinders - 100, 150, 200, 2,000 Ib.
Tank cars - 16, 30, 55 tons
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
99.8% C12
STORAGE
Pressure cylinders
FEEDERS
Gas chlorinator
APPROX. 1979 COST
$195 - $230/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Pungent, noxious, corrosive gas,
health hazard. Prevent contact with
ammonia, acetylene, all petroleum
gases, hydrogen, turpentine, arid
benzene.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Gas - Copper, iron, steel
Liquid - glass, rubber, lead, silver
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Allied Chemical Corp., P.O. Box 1139R, Morristown, NJ 07960
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
Pennwalt Corp., Organic Chemicals Div. Three Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19102
PPG Industries, Inc., Chemical Div., One Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Dixie Chemical Co., 3635 W. Dallas St., Houston, TX 77019
A-13
-------
COPPER SULFATE
TRADE NAMES
Blue vitriol, blue stone, cupric
sulfate
USES
Algae control, root control in sewers
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 100 Ib.
Bbls - 450 Ib.
Drums -
Bulk - carloads
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
99% CuSO,
STORAGE
Store as received; chemical and its
solution are corrosive.
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - LI-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9)
universal (Fig. 7)
Solution - rotodip, diaphragm or
plunger pump (Fig. 13)
APPROX. 1979 COST
$42/100 Ib.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Poisonous in large amounts
HANDLING MATERIALS
Rubber, ceramic, 316SS, vinyl, Hypalon, PVC, Viton, epoxy, Tyril, asphalt
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Easton R.S. Corp., 4907 Farragut Rd., Brooklyn, NY 11203
Cities Service Co., Chemical Group Marketing, 3445 Peachtree Rd., N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30326
The Anaconda Co., Great Falls, MT
Southern California Chemical Co., Inc., Bayonne, NJJ Garland, TXJ
Santa Fe Springs, CAJ Union, IL
A-14
-------
DEFOAMER
TRADE NAMES
Exfoam 440, Wyandotte defoamer
AVAILABLE FORMS
Liquid - 5 and 55 gaL drums, bulk
Paste - 2 Ib., bulk , ' '
Dry - 2 Ib. bricks, bulk
STORAGE
Store in tight containers in cool,
shaded areas.
(Check with manufacturer for specific
defoamer)
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.47-$0.66/lb.
USES
Foam removal in lagoons and
sludge
activated
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Not applicable
FEEDERS
Solution - diaphragm pump (Fig. 13)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid excessive handling, contact
with eyes, and ingestipn. Some ,
hydrocarbon base def darners may be
flammable.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Most common materials are acceptable. .
Check with manufacturer for specific defoamer.
- -
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Drew Chemical Corp., 701 Jefferson Rd. , Parsippany, NJ 07054
Hercules Inc. , Industrial Systems Dept., Wilmington, Delaware 19899
Dearborn Chemical Div. , Chemed Corp., 300 Genessee St., Lake Zurich
BASF Wyandotte. Corp, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192
, IL 60047
A-.15
-------
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
TRADE NAMES
Diatoms, celite, dicalite, celatom,
supercel, speedex, speed flow
USES
Filter aid, sludge dewatering with
pressure and vacuum.filters
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 50 Ib.
Bulk
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Not applicable
STORAGE
Store dry as received
FEEDERS
Volumetric- helix (Fig. 9)
Gravimetric^, belt (Fig. 10,11), L-I-W
Slurry - diaphragm pump (Fig.13)
APPROX. 1979 COST
Variable, check with supplier.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Do not breathe excessive amounts of
dust.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Iron, steel, rubber, Tyril, Hypalon
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Johns-Manville, Filtration & Industrial Minerals Div., P.O. Box 5108,
Denver, Colorado 80217
Dicalite Div., GREFCO, Inc., 3450 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90010
A-16
-------
FERRIC CHLORIDE
TRADE NAMES
Ferrichlor-j chloride of iron
.. , ,../ ...
AVAILABLE FORMS
Solution
Car boys - 5, 13 gal. ..
Crystal
Kegs - 100, 300, 450 Ib.
Drums - 150, 350, 650 Ib.
" *
STORAGE
Store in tight containers as shipped
with free vent, coirosive in liquid
form
APPROX. 1979 COST
$100-$120/ton
USES
Coagulation at pH 4-11, :sludge
conditioning, precipitate PO,
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Solution - 35-45% FeCl^, 12-17% Fe
Crystal - 60% FeCl , 20% Fe
Anhydrous - 98% FeCl3, 34% Fe
FEEDERS
Solution - Diaphragm pump (Fig. 13.),
rotodip
No dry feed.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Corrosive in liquid form, avoid
contact with skin and -eyes. Induce
vomiting if ingested. . .
HANDLING MATERIALS
'Epoxy, rubber, ceramic, Hypalon, PVC, Penton, vinyl, stoneware, synthetic resin
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Ashland Chemical Co. , P.O. Box .2219, Columbus, ; Ohio 43216
Engineering Chemical Services, Inc., 40 Fulton St., New Brunswick, NJ 08902
Gulf Chemical & Metallurgical Co., P.O. Box 2130, Highway 519,
Texas City, Texas 77590 ' .
Dow Chemical Co., 2020 Dow Center, Midland, Michigan 48640
Pennwalt Corp., Inorganic Chemicals Div. , Three Parkway, PA 19102
Imperial West Chemicals, Antioch, California
/ . '
A-17
-------
FERRIC SULFATE
TRADE NAMES
Ferrifloc, ferriclear, iron sulfate,
ferrisul
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 50, 100, 175 Ib.
Drums -200, 400, 425 Ib.
Bulk - car loads and truck loads of
50, 100 Ib. bags.
STORAGE
Store dry in tight containers of steel
or concrete and avoid moisture . Hopper
walls should slope 36% min. Do not
mix with quicklime in conveying or
dust vent systems.
APPROX. 1979 COST
$60-$74/ton
HANDLING MATERIALS
316SS, glass, rubber, plastic^ ceramic,
epoxy, Tyril, synthetic resin
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Cities Service Co., I.C.D., 3445 Peach
Gulf Chemical & Metallurgical Co., P.C
P^
tr<
. ]
USES
Coagulation at pH 4-6 and 8.8-9.2,
precipitate PO,
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
68-94% Fe (S04)3
18.5-26% Fe
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9),
universal (Fig. 7)
Solution rotodip, diaphragm or
plunger pump (Fig. 13.)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
J 1 4- 4 ,1 l>sN/4*
Corrosive in solution, avoid, oouy
contact
7C, Hypalon, lead, . vinyl, Penton,
se'Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30326
3ox 2130, Hwy 519, Texas City, TX 77590
A-18
-------
FERROUS CHLORIDE
TRADE NAMES
Waste pickle liquor
USES
PC>4 removal, sludge conditioning
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bulk - tank trucks, car loads at
2,000 gal.
Drums - 50 gal.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
20-25% FeCl2 or 10% available iron
STORAGE
Since ferrous chloride may not always
be available, provide for storage and
handling of ferric chloride.
FEEDERS
Solution -
Diaphragm pump (Fig. 13),
Rotodip
APPROX. 1979 COST
$95-$103/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Slightly less corrosive than ferric
chloride
HANDLING MATERIALS
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
By-Products Management Inc., 5220 East Avenue, Countryside, IL 60525
A-19
-------
FERROUS SULFATE
TRADE NAMES
Green vitriol, copperas, iron sulfate
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 50, 100 Ib.
Bbls - 400 Ib.
Bulk - Carloads and truckloads
STORAGE
Oxidizes in moist air, cakes in
storage at temperatures above 68ฐF.
APPROX. 1979 COST
$80/ton
USES
Odor control, precipitate P04,
coagulation at pH 8.8-9.2, sludge
conditioning
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
55-58% Fe S04 (20-2 IX Fe) .
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9) , universal
(Fig. 7)
Solution - diaphragm or plunger
pump (Fig. 13)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Solution is acidic, mixing with
quicklime may cause fire, avoid body
contact
HANDLING MATERIALS
Asphalt,, concrete, lead, tin, wood, rubber, PVC, vinyl, Penton, epoxy,
Hypalon, ceramic, Tyril
Solutions - Lead, rubber, iron, plastics, 304SS
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
By-Products Management Inc., 5200 East Ave., Countryside, IL 60525
American Cyanamid Co., Berdan Ave., Wayne, NJ 07410
National Lead, St. Louis, Missouri
Gulf Chemical, P.O. Box 2130, Hwy 519, Texas' City, Texas 77590
A-2Q
-------
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
TRADE NAMES
Muriatic acid
AVAILABLE FORMS
Glass bottles
Carboys
Drums
Tank cars
STORAGE
Store as received; highly corrosive
to metals. ,
APPROX. 1979 COST
$35 - $63/ton
USES
Neutralization of alkaline waste,
pH adjustment
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Concentrated: 37%- 38% HC1
18ฐBe - 27.9% HC1, 20ฐBe - 31.5%
22ฐBe - 35.2% HC1
HC1
FEEDERS
Solution - diaphragm pump (Fig.
13)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Fuming , pungent, toxic liquid;
avoid skin contact, use rubber
and safety glasses.
gloves
HANDLING MATERIALS
Penton, rubber, polyethylene, vinyl, Hypalon, Viton, Tyril .
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Allied Chemical Corp., Baton Rouge, LA; Danville, IL, Elizabeth, NJ;
Mounds ville, WV; Syracuse, NY
American Chemical Corp., Long Beach, CA .'..-.
BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI - ,
Continental Oil Co., Baltimore, MD
Dow Chemical USA, Freeport, TX; Midland, MI; Plaquemine, LA
E.I. du Pont Inc., LaPort, TX; Cleveland, OH; Linden, NJ
Hercules, Inc., Hopewell, VA; Parlin, NJ; Brunswick, GA
Monsanto Co., Everett, MAJ Sauget, IL
Pennwalt Corp, Calvert City, KY; Portland, OR; Tacoma, WA; Wyandotte, MI
Stauffer Chemical Co., Cold Creek, AL; Mt. Pleasant, TN; Dominguez, CA
A-21
-------
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
TRADE NAMES
Hydrogen peroxide
AVAILABLE FORMS
Liquid
Drums - 50 gal. (minimum)
Tankcars
STORAGE
Bulk storage should be vented, with
tank constructed of 5254 aluminum
alloy. Decomposes rapidly if contam-
inated. Do not use stainless steel
except for very short term storage
(24 hrs) .
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.16-$0.32/lb.
USES
Sulfide destruction, corrosion control,
control of bulking, supplemental D.O.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
35%, 50%, 70%
FEEDERS
Solution
Diaphragm or plunger pump (Fig. 13)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Prevent contact with most metals and
their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic
materials, aniline, nitrome thane,
flammable liquids, and combustible
materials. Dilute spills with water.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Polyethylene plastic, aluminum.
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43218
FMC Corp., Industrial Chemical Div. , 2000 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19103
A-22
-------
w
TRADE NAMES
( See calcium hydroxide and calcium
oxide)
: '
AVAILABLE FORMS
STORAGE
APPROX. 1979 COST
HANDLING MATERIALS
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
t
\ - -
Sr-2
USES
PnMMPDPIAl CTDC'M/2TU
irwiviivic.rtvsiMi_ o i rvdixu in , ....
FEEDERS
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
3
V I
-------
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
TRADE NAMES
Magnesium hydroxide
AVAII ARI F POPUQ
MVMIl_HDl_C rV/r\MO
Wooden barrel or drums, glass bottles,
carboys
STORAGE
Absorbs CC>2 in presence of t^O
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.54-$0.58/lb.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Steel, rubber, iron, Penton, Hypalon
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Basic Chemicals, 845 Hanna Bldg. , Clevc
;la
USES
Acid neutralization
S^f^MMPDfM Al OTmtKI/^TU
v/UMMtKt/IAL STRENGTH
Not applicable
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W, belt (Fig. 10,11)
volumetric - helix (Fig. 9)
Slurry diaphragm pump (Fig. 13)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
No significant hazards
nd, OH 44115
A-24
-------
METHANOL
TRADE NAMES
Methanol
AVAILABLE FORMS
Tank Trucks
Tank cars
Drums
Bbls.
" Cans
STORAGE
Usually stored as received or in
conventional fuel tanks.
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.56 - $0.63/gal.
USES
Denitrification
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
99.9% CH3 OH
FEEDERS
Solution feed only
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Vapors and liquid toxic and flammable.
Skin irritant. Liquid is colorless,
and noncorrpsive except to aluminum
and lead. Poisonous.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Steel
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Beaumont, Tx; Orange, Tx.
Monsanto Co., Texas City, Tx.; plus others
Hercules, Inc., Plaquemine, La.
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., Pensacola, Fla.
Tenneco Inc., Houston, Tx.
A-25
-------
OXYGEN (LIQUID)
TRADE NAMES
Oxygen
AVAILABLE FORMS
Cylinders
Tank cars
Gas bottles
Can also be generated on-site.
STORAGE
Cylinders or spheres of double-walled
construction, outer shell of carbon
steel, inner pressure vessel of
aluminum, SS, high nickel steel.
APPROX. 1979 COST
$35-$40/ton
USES
Odor control, oxidizing agent,
ammonia and BOD removal
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
99.0-99.99%
FEEDERS
Liquid is vaporized and fed as a gas.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas.
Hazardous in contact with oxidizable
materials. Do not smoke near any
oxygen source.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Cast iron, stainless steel, bronze, monel
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Air Product & Chemicals, Inc., Box 538, Allentown, PA 18105
Air Co. Inc., Albany, NY; Huron, Ohio; New Orleans, La; Richmond, Cal;
Vancouver, Wash; plus others.
Chemetron Corp., Bartonville, 111; Chattanooga, Tenn; Richmond, Va;
Oklahoma City, Okla; plus others.
Union Carbide Corp., Cape Kennedy, Fla.; E. Chicago, Ind.; Fontana, Calif.;
Huntsville, Ala.; Kansas City, Mo.; Keasbey, NJ; plus others.
A-26
-------
OZONE
TRADE NAMES
Ozone
USES
Taste and odor control, disinfection,
oxidizing agent
AVAILABLE FORMS
Generated on-site by electrical
discharge through dry air
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
1-2%
STORAGE
None,
Generated on-site
FEEDERS
Ozonator (Fig, 17)
APPROX. 1979 COST
Generated on-site
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Toxic - do not breathe, explosive; fire
hazard; keep from oil or readily
combustible materials
HANDLING MATERIALS
Glass, 316SS, ceramic, aluminum, Teflon
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Purification Sciences Inc., P.O. Box 311, Geneva, NY 14456
A-27
-------
POLYMER
TRADE NAMES
Cat-floe, Drewfloc, Hereofloc,
Aquafloc, Superfloc, Magnifloc,
Purifloc
USES
Coagulant, filter aid, separates oily
wastes, removes SS, sludge condition-
ing, sludge dewatering aid
AVAILABLE FORMS
Available in many container and
package sizes check with
manufacturer.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Check with manufacturer.
STORAGE
Store in-dry, cool, low humidity area,
Use bags in proper rotation. Store
solutions 1 to 3 days or less to
prevent deterioration.
FEEDERS
Dry - See Figures 19 and 20
Solution - metering pump, rotodip
APPROX. 8979 COST
$0.60-$2.00/lb.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Polymer spills are slippery, clean up
promptly. Polymers are generally low
in toxicity and are nonirritating.
Check with manufacturer for other
safety information.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Depends on polymer type; however, 316SS, plastics generally are acceptable.
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Calgon Corp., P.O. Box 1346, Pittsburgh, PA 15230
Petrolite Corp., Tretolite Div., 369 Marshall Ave., St. Louis,MO 63119
American Cyanamid, Wayne, NJ 07470
Hercules Inc., Industrial Systems Dept., Wilmington, DE 19899
Philadelphia Quarts Systems Co., Inc., P.O. Box 840, Valley Forge, PA 19482
Rohm & Haas Co., Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19105
Drew Chemical Corp., 701 Jefferson Rd., Parsippany, NJ 07054
Dow- Chemical Co., Midland, MD 48640
Zimmlte Corp., 810 Sharon Dr., Cleveland, OH 44145
Garratt-Callahan Co., Ill Rollins Rd., Millbrae, CA 94030
Dearborn Chemical Div., Chemed Corp., 300 Genessee St., Lake Zurich, IL 60047
A-28
-------
POTASS IWERHANGANATE
TRADE NAMES
Cairox, purple salt
USES
Taste and odor control, removes Fe, Mn,
and Phenol, source of oxygen
AVAILABLE FORMS
USP
Steel Kegs - 25, 110, 125-Ibs
Tech
Steel drums - 25, 110, 600 Ibs
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Tech - 97% minimum
Reagent - 99% minimum
STORAGE
Can cake in high humidity, strong
oxidant
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9)
Solution - diaphragm or plunger pump
(Fig, 13)
APPROX. 1979 COST
$1.29-$1.66/lb
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Toxic, keep from organics, glycerine,
ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, and
sulfuric acid
HANDLING MATERIALS
Steel, iron, PVC, 316SS, synthetic resins, Hypalon, Penton, Lucite, rubber
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
Carus Chemical Co., 1500 8th St., La Salle, IL 61301
International Chemicals, Inc. 209 W. Central St., Natick, MA 01760
A-29
(J
-------
SODA ASH
TRADE NAMES
See sodium carbonate
AVAILABLE FORMS
STORAGE
APPROX. 1979 COST
USES
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
FEEDERS
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
HANDLING MATERIALS
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
A-30
-------
SODIUM ALUMINATE
TRADE NAMES
Soda alum
AVAILABLE FORMS
Dry
Bags - (ground) - 50, iCiO, 150 Ib.
Liquid
Drums - 380. Ib. ( 30 gaL)
Bulk .- tank car, tank truck
STORAGE
Dry_ - Store as received for 6 month
maximum at 60-90ฐF. Deteriorates on
exposure to atmosphere. Hopper
agitation may be required.
Liquid - Store as received for 2-3
months maximum. r
APPROX. 1979 COST
USES
Coagulation, phosphorus removal
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Dry - 41-46% Al2C-3
Liquid - 4.9 - 26.7% A1203
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - belt (Fig. 10,11), L-I-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9),
universal (Fig. 7)
Solution - rotodip, 'diaphragm pump or
plunger pump (Fig. 13)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Exotheric heat of solution. Dust or
solution spray" should not be breathed.
Safety measures similar to caustic soda,
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and
clothing.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Iron, plastic, 316SS, 304SS," Penton, concrete, Hypalon
Avoid the use of copper, copper alloys, rubber, aluminum.
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Nalco Chemical Co., 2901 Butterfield Road, Oak Brook, IL
Reynolds Chemical Co., Bauxite, Arkansas
Vinings Chemical Co., Vinings, Georgia -
Conservation Chemical Co., Kansas City, Missouri
60521
A-31
-------
SODIUM BICARBONATE
TRADE NAMES
Baking soda
USES
pH adjustment, acid neutralization
AVAILABLE FORMS
:s_ - 100 Ib.
Drums - 25 Ib. kegs
Bbls - 112, 400 Ib.
Bulk - carloads
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
99% NaHC03
STORAGE
Unstable in solution, (decomposes
into (X>2 & Na2 003) Decomposes at
100ฐF
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - belt (Fig. 10,11), L-I-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9)
Solution - rotodip, diaphragm pump
(Fig. 13
APPROX. 1979 COST
$11 - $12/100 Ib.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
No significant hazards
HANDLING MATERIALS
Iron, steel, rubber, saran, Hypalon, Tyril
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Church & Dwight Co., Inc., Two Pennsylvania Plaza, New York, New York 10001
BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, Michigan 48192
A-32
-------
SODIUM BISULFITE
TRADE NAMES
Sodium metabifulfite, sodium
pyrosulfite, ABS . .. . -
USES
Dechlorination, reducing agent in
chromium treatment, pH control,
;bacteriocide
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 100 Ib.
Drums - 100, 400 Ib.
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
93-99% Na2S205
62-65.8% S02
STORAGE
Store cool and dry in tight container
(up to 6 mo.), vent solution tanks
(storage difficult)
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W
Volumetric - helix (Fig. 9), universal
-(Fig. 7)
Solution - rotpdip, plunger or
diaphragm pump (Fig. 13)
APPROX. 1979 COST
$16 - $18/100 Ib.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Irritating to eyes, skin and
respiratory, system. Use protective
clothing and devices.'
HANDLING MATERIALS
Ceramic, chrome, glass, lead, 316SS, nickel, rubber, PVC, Pen ton, Tyril,
Hypalon, synthetic resin >:...-
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Ashland Chemical Co.. , P.'O. Box 2219,. Columbus, Ohio 43216
Virginia Chemicals, Inc., 3340 W. Norfolk Road, /Portsmouth, Virginia 23703
Allied Chemical Co., P.O. Box 1139R, Morristown, New Jersey 07960
A-33
-------
SODIUM CARBONATE
TRADE NAMES
Soda ash
USES
pH adjustment, acid neutralization
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags - 100 Ib.
Bbls - 100 Ib.
Drums - 25, 100 Ib.
Bulk - carloads, box car, truck
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
98-99% Na2C03, 58% Na20
STORAGE
Store in steel bins with dust
collectors. In bulk and bagged form,
absorbs C02 and t^O. "May cake in
storage.
FEEDERS
Gravimetric - L-I-W, belt (Fig. 10, 11)
Volumetric - helix, (Fig. 9)
Solution - rotodip, diaphragm or
plunger pump (Fig. 13)
APPROX. 1979 COST
$57-$87/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Dust and solution are irritating to
eyes, nose, lungs and skin
HANDLING MATERIALS
Iron, steel, rubber, Hypalon, Tyril
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Allied Chemical, P.O. Box 1139R, Morristown, New Jersey 07960
Dixie Chemical Co., 3635 W. Dallas Street, Houston, Texas 77019
PPG Industries, Inc., Chemical Div. , One Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, PA
FMC Corporation, Green River, Wyoming
Stauffer Chemical, Westend, California
Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., Wyandotte, Michigan 48192
15222
-------
SODIUFI HYDROXIDE
TRADE NAMES
Caustic soda, Soda lye
USES
pH control, filter cleaning,
neutralization
Bags - . 100 lb-. . :
Drums - 25, 50, 350, 400,700 lb.
Bulk -
AVAILABLE FORMS
Truckloads - 1,000 to 4,000 gal.
Carloads - 8,000, 10,000, 16,000 gaL
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
Solid - 99.9% NaOH, 74-76% Na20
Solution - 50, 73% NaOH
STORAGE
Often stored at 20% concentration.
Crystallizes at 53ฐF for 50%
concentration, and 165ฐF for 73%
solution.
FEEDERS
Solution - plunger or
diaphragm pump (Fig. 13), rotodip
APPROX. 1979 COST
Liquid - $140-$175/ton
Solid - $350/ton
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Caustic poison, dangerous to handle.
Prevent all body contact and protect
eyes.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Cast iron, rubber, steel, Penton, PVC, 316SS, Hypalon, nickel
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Allied Chemical Corp., P.O." Box 1139R, Morristown, New Jersey 07960
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
PPG Industries, Inc., Chemical Div., One Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Dow Chemical, 2020 Dow Center, Midland, Michigan 48640
A-35
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SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
TRADE NAMES
Javelle water, chlorine bleach
USES
Disinfection, slime control, odor
control, cyanide distribution
AVAILABLE FORMS
iarboys - 5, 13 gal.
Drums - 30 gal.
Bulk - 1,300, 1,800, 2,000 gal tank
trucks
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
12-15% Available Clo
STORAGE
Store in cool place, away from light
and vent containers at intervals.
Can be stored about 60 days.
FEEDERS
Solution - diaphragm pump (Fig. 13 )
rotodip
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.40 - $0.90/gal
depending on quantity
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Corrosive. Avoid eye -and skin contact;
use protective clothing and devices.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Rubber, ceramic, glass, Tyril, saran, PVC, vinyl, Hypalon, plastic
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Brenco Corp., 704 N. First Street, St. Louis, Missouri 63102
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
Dixie Chemical Co., 3635 W. Dallas Street, Houston, Texas 77019
A-36
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SODIUM METABISULFITE
TRADE NAMES
See Sodium Bisulfite
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AVAILABLE FORMS
STORAGE
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APPROX. 1979 COST
HANDLING MATERIALS
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MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
USES
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PnMMtTD^IAI C-TDCTKI /2 TLJ
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FEEDERS
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SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
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A-37
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SODIUM SULFITE
TRADE NAMES
Sulfite
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags, Bbls, Drums, Kegs
STORAGE
Store as received in cool, dry,
well-ventilated area
APPROX. 1979 COST
$0.04-$0.14/lb.
USES
Dechloririation, reducing agent
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
93-99%
FEEDERS
Solution - plunger or
diaphragm pump (Fig. 13 ), rotodip
/
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Solution gives off S02. Avoid eye
contact and prolonged or repeated
skin contact. Use protective clothing
and devices.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Cast iron, steel, 316SS, PVC, saran, vinyl, synthetic resin, Hypalon, Tyril
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Ashland Chemical Co., P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
A-38
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SODIUIiTHIOSULFATE
TRADE NAMES
Hypo, sodium hyposulfite
AVAILABLE FORMS
Bags, Bbls, Drums, Kegs
STORAGE
Store in cool, dry place
APPROX. 1979 COST
$12 - $17/100 lib.
USES
Dechlorination, reducing agent for
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
98-99%
FEEDERS
Solution - plunger or
diaphragm pump (Fig. 13), rotodip
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid eye and skin'contact.
Use dust mask for excessive handling.
HANDLING MATERIALS
Cast iron, steel, stoneware-:
For no contamination: 316SS, PVC, saran, vinyl, synthetic resin, Hypalon, Tyril.
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Allied Chemical Corporation, N. Claymont, Del; Chicago, 111.,* El Segundo, Calif.
Stauffer Chemical Company, South Gate, Calif.
Ashland Chemical Company, P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216
A-39
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SULFUR DIOXIDE
TRADE NAMES
Sulfur dioxide
AVAILABLE FORMS
Cylinders - 100, 150, 200 Ib,
Bulk - tanks
STORAGE
Pressure cylinders
APPROX. 1979 COST
$168 - $210/ton
USES
Dechlorination, filter cleaning,
Cr+6 reduction, pH control,
bacteriocide
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
100% S02
FEEDERS
Gas - Rotameter , S02 feeder
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Colorless, suffocating odor, corrosive,
-poisonous
HANDLING MATERIALS
Glass, PVC, ceramic,
Penton, Viton, Hypalon
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Cities Service Co.,
Virginia Chemicals,
3445 Peachtree Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30326
Inc., 3340 W. Norfolk Road, Portsmouth, Virginia 23703
A~40
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SULFURIC ACID
TRADE NAMES
Vitriol, oil of vitriol
-
AVAILABLE FORMS rซ
Bottles . " ':v- " :
Carboys - 5,: 13 gal.
Drums - 55,110 gal .
Bulk - tankcars, trucks
'
s ;...*-" "
STORAGE
Very corrosive, store dry. and cool in
tight containers
a : : ::.: ' ' . '"
APPROX. 1979 COST
$30 - $61/ton
depending on quantity and strength.
USES
pH adjustment, neutralize alkaline
wastes
COMMERCIAL STRENGTH
66ฐBe - 93.2% H2S04
60ฐBe - 77.7% H7SOA
50ฐBe - 62.2% H0SO/.
FEEDERS
Liquid - plunger pr
diaphragm pump (Fig t 13^, rotodip
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Always add acid to water, never add
water to acid. Avoid , contact with
potassium chlorate, potassium
perchlorate, potassium permanganate, &
other light metals: sodium & lithium
HANDLING MATERIALS
Concentrated - iron, steel, PVC, Penton, Viton
Dilute - Glass, lead, porcelain, rubber
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS
Allied Chemical Corp., P.O. Box 1139R, Morristown New Jersey 07960
Cities Services Co., 3445 Peachtree Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
American Cyanamid Co., Hamilton, Ohio; Joliet, Ill.j Kalamazoo, Mi; Savannah, Ga;
plus others
Bethlehem Steel Corp., Sparrows Pt., Md.
E.I. du Pont Nemours & Co. , Burnside, La; Newport, Ind; Richmond, Va; Wurtland,
Ky; Linden, NJ; plus others
Monsanto Co., El Dorado, Ark; Avon. Calif; Everett, Mass.
Rohm & Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa; Deer Park, Tx.
A41 * U. S. GOVERNMENT, PRINTING OFFICE - 1981 - 777-000/1108 Reg. 8
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Postage and
Fees paid
Environmental
Protection
Agency
EPA 335
Fourth-Class
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Washington DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
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