DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT

                   for

PROPOSED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS 'GUIDELINES,
  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, AND
          PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

                 for the

 PAINT FORMULATING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
            Douglas M- Costle
              Administrator
            Robert B.  Schaffer
  Director,  Effluent Guidelines Division

              John E.  Riley
  Chief,  wood Products and Fibers Branch

             James R=  Berlow
             Project Officer
              December,  1979
       Effluent  Guidelines  Division
  Office  of Water and Waste  Management
  U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency
        Washington, D»C.   20460

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                               ABSTRACT


This document presents the findings of an extensive study of the paint
manufacturing  industry  for  the  purpose  of   developing   effluent
limitations  for  existing  point sources and standards of performance
for new sources  and  pretreatment  standards  for  existing  and  new
sources to implement Sections 301, 30H, 306 and 307 of the Clean Water
Act.    The   study  covers  approximately  1500  paint  manufacturing
facilities in SIC Group 2851.

Effluent limitation  guidelines  are  set  forth  for  the  degree  of
effluent  pollutant  reduction  attainable through application of best
available technology economically achievable which must be attained by
existing point sources by July 1, 1984..  The standards of  performance
for  new  sources  (NSPS)   set  forth the degree of effluent pollutant
reduction that is achievable  through  the  application  of  the  best
available   demonstrated   control  technology,  processes,  operating
methods, or other alternatives.  Pretreatment standards  for  existing
and  new  sources  (PSES  and  PSNS)   set forth the degree of effluent
pollutant reduction that must be achieved  in  order  to  prevent  the
discharge  of  pollutants  that  pass  through, interfere with, or are
otherwise incompatible with the operation of POTW,

The proposed regulations for BAT, NSPS, PSES and  PSNS  are  based  on
application  of  water  use  reduction, recycle of rinse water, and/or
contract hauling to completely eliminate the discharge  of  pollutants
from paint plants.

Supportive  data,  rationale,  and  methods  of  the proposed effluent
limitation guidelines and standards of performance  are  contained  in
this document.
                                 iii

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                         TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Section

 I

 II

 III
IV
 CONCLUSIONS

 RECOMMENDATIONS

 INTRODUCTION
      PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY
      SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY
      DATA AND INFORMATION GATHERING PROGRAM
      MAILING LIST DEVELOPMENT
      GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRY
           Number of  Manufacturing Sites  and Employment
           Paint Industry Sales
           Geographic Distribution of Paint Plants
           Age Distribution of Paint Plants
           Organization  of Paint  Companies
           Batch Sizes and Available Tankage
           Periods of Operation
           Water Usage
           Production Characteristics
           Raw Materials
           Standard Manufacturing Processes
           Solvent-Base  Paint  Operations
           Water-Base Paint Operations
           Other Manufacturing Operations

 INDUSTRY  SUBCATEGORIZATION
     INTRODUCTION
     RATIONALE FOR SUBCATEGORIZATION
      RAW  MATERIALS  AND PRODUCTS
      PRODUCTION METHODS
      SIZE AND AGE OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES
      WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
      TANK CLEANING  TECHNIQUES

WATER USE  AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
     WASTEWATER  SOURCES
           Tank and Equipment Cleaning
          Other Pollutant Sources
          Wastewater Volume
     WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION
          Background
          Sampling Data
          Mass Loadings
          Data Comparisons
          Resampling
 Page

   1
   5
   5
   7
   9
   9
  11
  11
  12
  12
  18
  23
  23
  23
  26
  26
  40
  44
  46
  48
  51

  53
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  53
  53
  54
  54
  54

 57
  57
 57
 62
 63
 70
 70
 77
 97
 97
101

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VI
 VII
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
     INTRODUCTION
     METHODOLOGY
          Raw Materials Evaluation
          Raw Materials Survey
          Sampling Program
           Plant Location
           Plant Size
           Wastewater Treatment
           Wastewater Generation
           Historical Data
           Toxic Pollutants
           Direct Dischargers
     SELECTION OF SAMPLING PLANTS
     TOXIC POLLUTANTS
          Pesticides and Metabolites
          PCB's
          Phenolic Compounds
          Volatile organic Toxic
              Pollutants
             Haloinethanes
             Chlorinated Ethanes
             Aromatic  Solvents
             Chloroaklyl Etheres
             Dichloropropane  and Dichloropropylene
             Chlorinated Ethylenes
             Miscellaneous Volatile organics
          Semi-Volatile Organic Toxic
              Pollutants
             Polynuclear Aromatics  (PNA's)
             Chlorobenzenes
             Phthalate Esters
             Haloethers
             Nitrosamines
             Nitro-Substituted Aromatics
               Other  than  Phenols
             Benzidine Compounds
             Miscellaneous Semi-Volatile
               Organic Toxic Pollutants
           Inorganic  Toxic Pollutants
           Conventional Pollutant Parameters
           Nonconventional Pollutant Parameters

 CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
      IN-PLANT WASTEWATER CONTROL STRATEGIES
           Wastewater Reduction
           Wastewater Recycle
      WASTEWATER DISPOSAL
      WASTEWATER TREATMENT
           Preliminary Treatment Systems
           Physical-Chemical Treatment
           Biological Treatment
103
103
103
104
107
107
107
110
110
110
110
110
111
111
111
112
113

114
114
115
116
117
117
118
119

119
119
120
120
121
122

122
122

122
123
124
124

 125
 125
 125
 127
 131
 133
 136
 136
 141
                                   vi

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VIII
IX
          other wastewater Treatment Systems
     EFFECT OF PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS
      ON EFFLUENT QUALITY
     MASS BALANCE FOR THE PAINT INDUSTRY

COST,ENERGY, AND NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
     COSTS
          Historical Cost Information
          Cost Development
          Physical-Chemical Precipitation
          Physical-chemical Pretreatment with
             Biological Treatment (aerated lagoon)
           Wastewater Recycle System
           Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling
           Manual Physical-Chemical Treatment
             System
           Wastewater Reduction System
          Cost Summary
     NONWATER QUALILTY ASPECTS
         Energy
         Sludge Quantity and Characteristics
         Solvent-Wash Subcategory

 EFFLUENT REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE
   APPLICATION OF THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
   ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
   GUIDELINES
    INTRODUCTION
    IDENTIFICATION OF BAT TECHNOLOGY
      Irir Plant CONTROLS
      End-of-Pipe Controls
      Technology Options Available
    RATIONALE USED TO DEVELOP BAT EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
    SIZE,  AGE,  PRODUCTION METHODS, RAW MATERIALS AND
      PRODUCTS,  TANK CLEANING TECHNIQUES
    ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
      ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
    NONWATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
    TOTAL COSTS  OF APPLICATION IN REGARD TO
      EFFLUENT  REDUCTION BENEFITS
    BAT EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
    REGULATED POLLUTANTS

NEW SOURCE  PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
    INTRODUCTION
    IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE
    STANDARDS
    RATIONALE USED TO DEVELOP NSPS EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
    SIZE, AGE, PRODUCTION METHODS, RAW  MATERIALS AND
     PRODUCTS,  TANK CLEANING TECHNIQUES
    ENGINEERING ASPECTS  OF  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE
     STANDARDS
142

146
146

151
151
151
151
157

160
160
172

172
172
178
178
178
178
181
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                                vii

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XI
 XII
 XIII

 XIV

 XV
   NONWATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
   TOTAL COSTS OF APPLICATION IN REGARD TO
     EFFLUENT REDUCTION BENEFITS
   BAT EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
   REGULATED POLLUTANTS

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
   INTRODUCTION
   IDENTIFICATION OF PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
   RATIONALE USED TO DEVELOP PRETREATMENT
     STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
   SIZE, AGE, PRODUCTION METHODS, RAW MATERIALS AND
     PRODUCTS, TANK CLEANING TECHNIQUES
   ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
     FOR EXISTING SOURCES
   NONWATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
   TOTAL COSTS OF APPLICATION  IN REGARD TO
     EFFLUENT REDUCTION BENEFITS
   PRETREATMENT  STANDARDS FOR  EXISTING SOURCES
   REGULATED POLLUTANTS

 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR  NEW SOURCES
   INTRODUCTION •
   IDENTIFICATION OF  NEW  SOURCE PRETREATMENT
      STANDARDS
   RATIONALE USED TO  DEVELOP PSNS EFFLUENT
      LIMITATIONS
    SIZE,  AGE,  PRODUCTION METHODS, RAW MATERIALS AND
      PRODUCTS,  TANK CLEANING TECHNIQUES
    ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF NEW SOURCE
      PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
      FOR EXISTING SOURCES
    NONWATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
    TOTAL COSTS OF APPLICATION IN REGARD TO
      EFFLUENT REDUCTION BENEFITS
    PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
   'REGULATED POLLUTANTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

GLOSSARY

APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
APPENDIX H
190

190
190
190

191
191
192

192

193

193
193

194
194
194

197
197

197

197

 197
 197
 198

 198
 198
 198

 199

 201

 205

 215
 229
 233
 239
 249
 259
 267
 331
                                   viii

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                         LIST OF TABLES

Table No.                      Title                               Page

III-1    Number of Production Employees in Paint Plants
         (1976)                                                     13

III-2    Paint Industry Profile - 1972 Census of Manufacturers      14

III-3    Estimated U.S. Shipments of Trade Sales By End Use         15
         (1974)

III-4    Estimated U.S. Shipments of Industrial Finishes by         16
         End Use (1974)

III-5    Geographical Distribution of Paint Plants                  17

III-6    Shipments of Paint Manufacturing Plants By State           20

III-7    Distribution of Large Paint Plants By State                21

III-8    Paint Industry Breakdown by Age                            22

III-9    Paint Plant Tankage                                        24

III-10   Total Paint Industry Tankage                          "     25

III-11   Total Water Usage by the Paint Industry                    27

III-12   Water Usage in Paint Plants                                28

III-13   Production of Trade Sales Paint                            30

III-14   Production of Industrial Sales Paint                       31

III-15   Production of Allied Products                              32

III-16   Production of Water-Base Paint                             33

111-17   Production of Solvent-Base Paint                           34

III-18   Production of Other Formulated Products                    35

III-19   Production of White or Tint-Base Paint                     36

III-20   Production of Color Paint                                  37

111-21   Usage of Inorganic Pigments by Paint Plants                38
                                  ix

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Ill-22   Usage of Organic Pigments by Paint Plants

III-23   Allied Products Produced by the Paint Industry

111-24   Comparison of Primarily Water-Base and Primarily
         Solvent-Base Paint Production Plants

III-25   Toxic Pollutant Usage Trends

111-26   Slopes and Correlation Coefficients for Plots of
         percent Toxic Pollutant Usage Versus Percent
         Industrial Sales or Percent Solvent-Base Production

111-27   Composition of Common Water-Base Paints

V-l      Methods of Tank Cleaning Used by Paint Plants

V-2      Amount of Water Used to Clean a Paint Tank

V-3      Other Pollution Sources

V-4      wastewater Generation

V-5      Volume of Wastewater Generated by Paint Plants
         Producing Primarily Water-Base or Solvent-Base
         Paints

V-6      wastewater Discharge by the Paint Industry

V-7      Volume of Wastewater Discharged by Paint Plants
         Producing Primarily Water-Base or Solvent-Base
         Paints

V-8      Wastewater Generation per Unit Volume of Water-
         Base Paint Produced

V-9      Wastewater Discharge per Unit Volume of Water-
         Base Paint Production

V-10     Constituents of Paint Manufacturing Plant Wastes
         in East Bay Municipal Utilities District Researched
         by NPIC-Denver

V-ll     Summary of Sampling Data, NFIC-D, 1973

V-12     Summary of Data from Two Plants that Submitted
         Untreated and Treated Historical Analytical  Data
39

41

42


43



45

50

58

61

64

65

67




68

69




71


72


74




75

76

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 V-14



 V-15



 V-16



 V-17



 V-13



 V-19



 V-20



 V-21



 V-22



 V-23



 V-24


 V-25



 V-26


 V-21


V-28



VI-1
 Average Untreated  Wastewater Concentrations  From
 Seven  Plants  -  Data Submitted with DCP's

 Average Treated  Wastewater  Concentrations  From
 Eiqht Plants - Data  Submitted with  DCP's

 Characteristics  of Paint  Plants Sampled During
 1976

 Average Untreated  and Treated Wastewater Concen-
 trations -  1976  Paint Sampling Program

 Average Untreated  and Treated Wastewater Concen-
 trations for Metals  - 1976  Paint Sampling  Program

 Production  Characteristics  of Paint Plants
 Participating  in 1977/1S78  Sampling Program

 Wastewater  Characteristics  of Paint Plants
 Participating  in 1977/1978  Sampling Program

 Wastewater  Treatment Methods  Used at Paint
 Sampling Plants

 Toxic  Pollutants Reported in  Sampling Plant
 Paw Materials

 Untreated Wastewater Data Summary -  1977/1978
 Sampling Program

 Treated  Wastewater Data Summary - 1977/1978 Sampling
 Program

 Sludge Data Summary  -  1977/1978  Sampling Program

 Intake  (TAP) Water Data Summary 1977/1978
 Sampling Program

 Mass Loading from Untreated Paint Wastewater

 Average  Untreated Wastewater Concentrations

 Results  of Resampling  at Six Plants  (One Year
 Interval)

Occurrence of Toxic Pollutants in Paint
Raw Materials
 78


 79


 80


 81


 82


 83
 85



 86



 87



 89



 91

 93



 98

100

102



105
                                  XI

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VI-2     Raw Materials Containing Toxic Pollutants
         Used by the Paint Industry

VI-3     Distribution of Paint Plants in Major Metro-
         politan Areas

VII-1    Frequency of Tank Cleaning and Reuse of Paint
         Wastewater

VII-2    Wastewater Disposal Methods

VII-3    Handling of off-Specification Paint

VII-4    Wastewater Treatment Methods

VII-5    Pollutant Removal Efficiency of Batch Physical-
         Chemical Treatment Systems

VII-6    Biological Treatment by Aerated Lagoon,  at  One
         Paint Plant

VII-7    Untreated Wastewater Characteristics  from Plants
         with Different Production characteristics

VII-8    Mass Balance  for the Paint Industry Through Batch
         Physical-Chemical  Treatment

VIII-1  Paint industry - Dates of Wastewater Treatment
          System Installations

 VIII-2   Paint Industry - Capital Costs  of Installed
          Wastewater Treatment  System in 1977 Dollars

 VIII-3   Paint Industry Annual  Operating Costs (1977) of
          Wastewater Treatment Systems

 VIII-4   Cost  (1977)  of Sludge Wastewater Removal by Contract
          Hauler

 VIII-5   Physical-Chemical Pretreatment System Design Data

 VIII-6   physical-Chemical Pretreatment Systems Capital
          Costs

 VIII-7   Physical-Chemical Pretreatment Systems Operating
          Costs

 VIII-8   Physical-Chemical Pretreatment with Biological
108


109


130


132

134

135

138


143


147


149


152


153


 154


 155


 158

 159


 161


 162
                                   Xll

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         Treatment (Aerated Lagoon) Capital Costs
VIII-9   Physical-Chemical Pretreatmerrt with Biological
         Treatment  (Aerated Lagoon) Operating Costs

VIII-10  Wastewater Fecycle System Design Data

VIII-11  Wastewater Recycle System with Contract Hauling
         of Unreusfed Wastevater Capital Cocts

VIII-12  kastewater Recycle System with Physical-Chemical
         Treatment of Unreused Wastewater Capital Costs

VIII-13  Wastewater Recycle System with Physical-Chemical
         Pretreatment and Biological Treatment of Unreused
         Wastewater Capital Costs

VIII-14  Wastewater Recycle System with Contract Hauling
         of Unreused Wastewater Operating Costs

VIII-15  Wastewater Recycle System with Physical-Chemical
         Treatment of. Unreiised Wastewater Operating Costs

VIII-16  Wastewater Recycle System with Physical-Chemical
         Treatment and Biological Treatment of Unreused
         Wastev-ater Operating Costs

VI.II-17  Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling Capital
         Costs

VIII-18  Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling Operating
         Costs

VIII-19  Manually Operated Physical-Chemical Pretreatment
         Systems, Capital Costs

VIII-20  Manually Operated Physical-Chemical Pretreatment
         Systems, Operating Costs

VIII-21  ;wa-stewater Reduction Through High Pressure Tank
         Pinsing

VIII-22  Summary of Costs for Various Wastewater Treatment
         Systems

VIII-23  Approximate Energy Usage  for Various Wastewater
         Treatment Alternatives
163


164

166


167


168



169


170


171



173


174


1*75


176


177


179


160
                                 XI 1.1

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III-2


III-3


VIT-1

VII-2


VII-3
                LIST OF FIGURES

                     Title

Geographical Distribution of Paint Manufacturing
Sites

Flow Diagram of Manufacturing Process for
Solvent-Base Paint

Flow Diagram of Manufacturing Processes for
Water-Base Paint

Flov? Diagram for a Wastewater Recycle System

Flow Diagram for a Batch Physical/Chemical Treatment
Syste:n

Flow Diagram for a Batch Physical-Chemical
Pretreatment System Yellowed by Biological
Treatment
 19


 HI


 49


128

137


145
                                  xv

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                              SECTION I

                             CONCLUSIONS
For   the  purpose  of  establishing  wastewater  effluent  limitation
guidelines for existing sources and standards of performance  for  new
sources,  the  paint  manufacturing  point  source  category  has been
subcategorized as follows:

    1.   Solvent-wash
    2.   Caustic and/or water-wash

Tank cleaning techniques constitute the only valid technical basis for
subcategorization; raw materials and production methods are not  valid
bases  for  subcategorization  except  as they influence tank cleaning
techniques.    Production   methods,   size,   age,   and   wastewater
constitutents of paint manufacturing facilities were not found to be a
basis for subcategorization.

The  most significant pollutants and pollutant parameters appearing in
the wastewater in  terms  of  occurrence  and  concentration  for  the
industry  include:   the  conventional  and nonconventional pollutants
BOD5, TSS, pH, COD, and  oil  and  grease;  and  the  following  toxic
pollutants:
    Chromium (Total)
    copper (Total)
    Lead (Total)
    Mercury (Total)
    Nickel '(Total)
    Zinc (Total)'
    Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Ethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Di (2-ethylhexyl)  Phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
All  discharges  of  these  pollutants  will cease under proposed best
available  treatment  economically  achievable    (BAT),   new   source
performance  standards   (NSPS), and pretreatment standards for new and
existing sources (PSNS and PSES).

The  Aaency  estimates  total  investment  costs  for   the   proposed
regulations  (BAT,   NSPS,  PSNS,  PSES)  to  be  10.8 million dollars.
Associated  annualized  costs    (including   interest,   depreciation,
operation,  and  maintenance")  are estimated to be 11 million dollars.
Compliance with the regulations,  assuming  no  increase  in  cost  of
paint,  may lead to the closure of as many as 232 facilities  (15.4% of
all facilities).  Associated with these closures would be the loss  of
approximately 1,160 jobs  (less than 2% of industry employment).

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C'o.nr-1 iance   with   the  proposed  regulation  will    increase   energy
consumption by up to  12 million kwh/yr  for recycle and  high pressure
washing technologies.

Generation  of  hazardous  wastes subject to the  Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act  (RCRA) may be as high  as 150,000 to   300,000   metric
tons  per  year.   EPA  expects no significant changes in terms of air
emissions, noise, or  radiation.

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                              SECTION II

                           RECOMMENDAT: IONS
t?ascd on thf? findings of this study, EPA  recommends  that  waatewater
effluent  limitations  attainable  through  the  application  of  best
available technology economically achievable  (BAT) rest  on  reduction
of  water  use,  recycling  of  rinse water back into products, and/or
contract hauling to completely eliminate the discharge  of  pollutants
from all paint manufacturing facilities..

Similarly,  EPA.  recommends  that  standards  of  performance  for new
sources (NSP3) and pretreatment standards for new and existing sources
(PSN3 and PSE3) require complete elimination of  pollutant  discharges
from paint manufacturing facilities.

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                             SECTION Til
                             INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 established
a  comprehensive  program  to  "restore  and  maintain  the  chemical,
physical, and biological integrity of the  Nation's  waters,"  Section
lol (a).    By  July  1,  1977,  existing  industrial  dischargers  were
required to achieve "effluent limitations requiring the application of
the hest practicable control technology  currently  available"   (BPT),
Section  301(b)(1)(A);  and  by  July  1, 1983, these dischargers were
required to achieve "effluent limitations requiring the application of
the best, available technology economically achievable . ... which will
result in reasonable further progress  toward  the  national  goal  of
eliminating  the  discharge  of  all pollutants"  (BAT), Section  301(b)
 (2) (A) .   New industrial direct dischargers  were  required  to   comply
with  Section  306  new  source performance standards  (NSPS), based on
best  available  demonstrated  technology;  and   new   and   existing
dischargers  to  publicly owned treatment works (POTW) were subject to
pretreatmerrt standards under Sections  307 (b)  and   (c)  of  the Act.
While  the requirements for direct dischargers were to be incorporated
into National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System   (NPDES)  permits
issued  under Section 402 of the Act, pretreatment standards were made
enforceable   directly   against   dischargers   to   POTW    (indirect
dischargers) .

Although  Section  402 (a) (1) of the 1972 Act authorized the setting of
requirements for direct dischargers on a case-by-case basis.  Congress
intended  that,, for the most part, control requirements would be based
on regulations promulgated  by  the  Administrator  of  EPA.   Section
304 (b)  of the Act required the Administrator to promulgate regulations
providing guidelines for effluent limitations setting forth the  degree
of  effluent  reduction  attainable through the application of BPT and
BAT.    Moreover,  Sections  304 (c)  and  306  of  the   Act   required
promulgation of regulations for NSPS, and Sections 304(f), 307(b), and
307(c)    required   promulgation   of   regulations  for  pretreatment
standards.  In addition to these regulations for  designated  industry
categories,  Section  307 (a)  of the Act required the Administrator to
promulgate effluent standards applicable to all dischargers  of  toxic
pollutants.   Finally,  Section  301 (a)  of  the  Act  authorized  the
Administrator to prescribe any additional  regulations  "necessary  to
carry out his functions" under the Act,

The  EPA  was  unable  to  promulgate many of these regulations  by the
dates contained in  the  Act.   In  1976,  EPA  was  sued  by  several
environmental  groups,  and  in settlement of this lawsuit EPA and the
plaintiffs executed a "Settlement Agreement," which  was  approved  by

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the  Court..    This   Agreement  required  EPA  *•   Develop a program and
adhere to  a  schedule for promulgating  for  21  majoz   industries  BAT
effluent   limitations  guidelines,   pretreatment  standards,  and  new
source performance  standards for 65 "priority" pollutants and  classes
of  pollutants.   See Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Train,
8 ERG 2120 (D..D.C.  1976),  modified  March 9,  1979..

On December  27,  1977,  the President signed into law the  Clean  Water
Act of 1977.   Although this  law makes several important changes in the
federal  water pollution control program, its most significant feature
is its incorporation into the Act of several of the basic elements  of
the   Settlement   Agreement  program  for  toxic   pollution  control,.
Sections 301 (b) (2) (A)  and 301 (b)  (2) CC)  of the  Act now  require  the
achievement  by   July  1,  1984,  of  effluent  limitations  requiring
application of BAT  for "toxic" pollutants, including the 65 "priority"
pollutants and classes of pollutants which Congress declared  "toxic"
under  Section  307 (a)   of  the Act.   Likewise,  EPA's  programs for new
source performance  standards and pretreatment standards are now  aimed
principally  at  toxic pollutant controls.  Moreover, to strengthen the
toxics control program.  Congress added  Section  304 (e)   to  the  Act,
authorizing the  Administrator to prescribe "best management practices"
(BMP's)  to prevent the release of  toxic and hazardous pollutants from
plant site runoff,  spillage, or leaks, sludge or waste  disposal,  and
drainage   from  raw material storage associated with,  or ancillary to,.
the manufacturing or treatment process.

In keeping with  its emphasis on toxic pollutants,  the  Clean Water  Act
of  1977   also  revised the control program for non toxic pollutants.
Instead of BAT for  "conventional" pollutants identified under  Section
304 (a) (4)   (including  biochemical   oxygen  demand, suspended solids,
fecal coliform  and  pH),  the new  Section  301 (b)   (2)(E)   requires
achievement  by   July  1,  1984, of  "effluent limitations requiring the
application of the  best conventional  pollutant  control  technology"
(BCT).   The   factors   considered  in  assessing  BCT   for an industry
include the costs of  attaining  a   reduction  in   effluents  and  the
effluent reduction  benefits  derived compared to  the costs and effluent
reduction  benefits  from  the discharge  of publicly owned treatment
works  (Section   304 (b) (4) (B)),.     For   nonconventional   pollutants,
Sections   301 (b) (2) (A)  and  (b) (2) (F)   require  achievement  of  BAT
effluent limitations within  three years  after their establishment  or
July 1, 1984,  whichever  is later, but not later  than July 1, 1987.

The  purpose   of this  report  is  to provide  the  technical data support
for any BAT, BCT, NSPS,  pretreatment standards  for existing  sources
(PSES) ,  and   pretreatment standards  for new sources <[PSNS) , which EPA
may choose  to  issue   for  the   unregulated  segments  of  the  paint
industry, under  Sections 301,  304,  306,  307  and  501 of the Clean Water
Act.

-------
 SUMMARY  OF  METHODOLOGY

 This   document   summarizes  data  concerned  with  wastewater generated by
 the paint industry.   The  initial task was  to review previous EPA  work
 on    the   industry;   reports  that   provided  background  information
 included:

         "Waterborne   wastes   of  the  Paint and  Inorganic  Pigments
         Industries,  (1974) "(1).

 This   report  was prepared  for the EPA National Environmental Research
 Center,  Office of Research  and Development,  Cincinnati  by the Southern
 Research Institute   (SRI)  of  Birmingham,   Alabama..    The  document,
 referred to as the "SRI report,"  was  published  March, 1974 and was the
 first EPA  effort  to characterize   the  wastewater   generation  and
 practices of the paint industry,   The data  presented   in  the  report
 were  developed through a  survey questionnaire sent  to 153 paint plants
 in  1972,.   The  SRI  report was the basis  for comparison with industry
 information compiled  in the course of the  current report.

         "Development Document for Effluent  Limitations Guidelines and
         New Source Performance  Standards  for  the   Oil-Base  Solvent-
         Wash  Subcategories   of   the  Paint and Ink Formulating Point
         Source Category, (1975)"(2)

 Prepared by the EPA National   Field   Investigation   Center  in"  Denver
 (NFIC-D)  ,   this  document   served as  the basis for the July 28,  1975
 regulations (40 CFR 446) that  set forth no  discharge   for  BPT,   BAT,
 NSPS  and   New Source Pretreatment Standards for the Oil-Base Solvent-
 Wash  Subcategories,.   The information  in this document was based on the
 SRI report  and on data provided by the East   Bay Municipal  Utilities
 District (EBM0D)  of Oakland,   California   about  several paint plant
 wastewaters.

         "Draft  Development   Document   for   Effluent   Limitations
         Guidelines,    Pretreatment    Standards,    and   New   Source
         Performance  Standards, Paint and  Ink Formulating Point Source
         Categories,  (1976)  "(3)

 This Draft Development Document,  prepared  by Burns  and   Roe  for   EGD,
was never released.   Referred to  as the "1976 study",it provides addi-
 tional  detailed information related  to wastewater  management in those
 segments of the paint  industry not covered by the   July  28,   1975  no
 discharge  regulations.    The  data  presented  in the 1976 report  were
based on a program of  sampling  and   analysis   at   nine  paint  plants
practicing physical-chemical or gravity settling treatment,  as well as
 on  numerous  other  plant  visits  and evaluations..   Analytical  data
developed during this  study were   for   conventional,  nonconventional,
and inorganic toxic pollutants.

-------
         "Assessment of Industrial Hazardous  Waste  Practices;  Paint
         and  Allied  Products  Industry,  Contract Solvent Reclaiming
         Operations, and Factory Applied Coatings, (1976)"(a)

This document was prepared by the EPA Office of Solid Waste Management
Programs.  The report focused on the hazardous waste  aspects  of  tne
paint  industry  and served as a good source of confirming information
and comparison with survey data generated during the current study.

Review of these documents showed the need for  additional  information
to  profile  the  paint  industry, as well as to properly quantify the
impact of toxic pollutants as required by the Settlement Agreement.

Development of the needed information included the following tasks:

    Industry survey;
    Industry profile;
    Wastewater sampling program;
    Industry subcategorization;
    Water use and wastewater characterization;
    Selection of pollutant parameters;
    Description of control and treatment technologies;
    Cost data development.

First, EPA studied the paint formulating industry to determine whether
differences in raw materials, final  products, manufacturing processes,
equipment,  age  and   size  of   plants,   water   usage,   wastewater
constituents,  or  other  factors required the development of  separate
effluent limitations and  standards   for  different  segments  of  the
industry.

Next,    EPA   Identified   several    distinct  control   and  treatment
technologies, including both in-plant and end-of-process technologies,
which  are in use or capable of being used   in  the  paint  formulating
industry.   The Agency compiled  and  analyzed historical data and newly
generated data on the  effluent quality  resulting  from the  application
of  these  technologies.   The   long  term performance,  operational
limitations, and reliability of  each of the  treatment  and  control
technologies  were  also   identified.   In addition, EPA considered the
nonwater quality   environmental  impacts    of    these   technologies,
including   impacts  on air  quality,  solid waste generation, water
scarcity, and energy requirements..

The Agency then estimated the  costs   of each  control   and  treatment
technology  from  unit cost   curves developed by standard engineering
analysis as applied to paint  formulating wastewater   characteristics.
EPA  derived  unit  process   costs  from model   plant  characteristics
 (production and  flow)  applied to  each  treatment  process  unit  cost
curve.  These  unit   process   costs were  added to yield total cost  at
                                   8

-------
 each treatment, level.   After  confirming  the  reasonableness  of  this
 methodology  by comparing EPA cost estimates to treatment system costs
 supplied  by the industry, the Agency evaluated the economic impacts  of
 these costs.

 Upon consideration  of  these factors,  as more  fully  described  below,
 EPA  identified  various   control   and  treatment technologies as BAT,
 PSES, PSNS,  and NSPS.   The   proposed  regulations,   however,   do not
 require   the   installation of any  particular technology.   Rather, they
 require achievement of effluent  limitations  representative   of the
 proper operation of these technologies or equivalent  technologies.

 The  ultimate  goal of  this work was to provide sufficient  data for
 rulemaking  in the unregulated segments of the  paint  industry.   The
 remaining  sections of this  document discuss the results of each task
 in  detail.

 DATA AND  INFORMATION GATHERING PROGRAM

 EPA  surveyed  the  paint manufacturing  industry through the  Data
 Collection  Portfolio   (DCP).    This   consisted of a  questionnaire and
 some explanatory material and was  intended  to  gather  data  for the
 unregulated   segments  on  the  paint industry.   The DCP was divided into
 seven sections:

          General  Information
          Plant  Operations
          Production Characteristics
          Tank and Equipment Cleaning  (representing a  major
          wastewater source in many paint  plants)
          Other  Wastewater Sources
          Wastewater Handling  and Disposal
          Raw  Materials

 This  final format,  as   depicted  in   Appendix  A,  represents   several
 stages  of  development,   including   review by members of the  National
 Paint and Coatings  Association (NPCA)  Water   Quality  Task  Force and
 EPA.

 MAILING LIST  DEVELOPMENT

 Rather  than  attempt to contact  a  small but statistically valid sample
 of the paint  industry,  it was  determined  that through   the  use  of
 computerized  marketing   information   services,  virtually  all   paint
 manufacturing   sites  could  be  identified   for  receipt  of  a  Data
Collection Portfolio (DCP).  To accomplish this, a copy of the Dun and
Bradstreet  (D&B)   "Dun's  Market Identifiers"  computer data tapes was
obtained,   on these tapes, general business   information   is  recorded
 according  to Standard Industrial Classification  (SIC) for essentially

-------
all commercial establishments in the United  States™   For  SIC  2851,
Paint  and  Allied  Products,  the  D&B  tapes  utilized contain 2,148
entries.  In contrast to this, standard references, such as  the  1972
Census  of  Manufacturers(7)  indicated that only about 1600 operating
paint plants existed in the United States at the time.

To avoid mailing DCP forms to inappropriate respondents, the D&B  data
were checked against two standard paint industry references:  the 1975
Kline  Guide  to the Paint Industry (5) and the 1976 Paint Red Book(6).
All sites listed under SIC 2851 on the D&B tapes were manually checked
against these two references.  The cross-check  yielded  a  number  of
additions  and  deletions  to  the  list.   The resultant mailing list
contained 2,778 names and addresses of potential  paint  manufacturing
sites.   While it was expected that the number of entries on this list
exceeded the  actual  number  of  paint  manufacturing  sites  due  to
duplications,  incorrect  addresses,  plant  closures and relocations,
attempts at further refinements were not expected to be productive.«

This final mailing list was computerized and  transferred  to  address
labels  to  facilitate  distribution.  Each address was given a unique
code number to  assure  that  each  response  would  be  appropriately
catalogued.


Response to the survey varied.  Of the 2,778 DCPs mailed out:

  1,37U  Portfolio questionnaires were returned and 'encoded
         on the data tapes.

    616  Portfolios were marked "Not a Manufacturing Site" indicating
         that the portfolio was received by a corporate, retail,
         or other site not involved in paint manufacture,

     63  Portfolios were mailed to paint manufacturers who were no
         longer in business.

     58  Portfolios were duplicates mailed to operating paint pro-
         duction plants.

    155  Portfolios were undeliverable and returned.

    508  Nonrespondent; portfolios which were received by the site
         but not completed

      i*  Portfolios were returned after development of the
         computer tapes and were not included on data reports
         or profile information.
                                  10

-------
Twenty  firms  (about 4 percent of the total number of nonrespondents)
were randomly selected for telephone interview.  The results  indicate
that  of  the  plants  contacted, 30 percent manufacture paint  (all of
these plants have been classified as very small for the  EPA  economic
analysis),  and 30 percent do not manufacture paint.  The remaining 40
percent could not be contacted at the  address  used  on  the  mailing
list.   The  telephone survey established that there are approximately
1500 paint plants.

All  DCP  respondents  were  instructed  to  answer  survey  questions
pertaining  to  annual  production or employment on the basis of their
1976 operations.    For  all  other  questions,  the  respondents  were
directed  to  provide  information on the basis of current operations.
Consequently, the bulk of the survey information used in the following
profile of the industry is based on operation during mid-1977.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY

The major products of the paint industry  (SIC  2851)  are  (1)  trade
sales  paints, also called architectural coatings, which are primarily
off-the-shelf exterior and interior paints  for  buildings  and  other
structures;  and  (2)  industrial  sales  paints, also called chemical
coatings,  sold  to  manufacturers  for  factory  application  to  such
products as automobiles, aircraft, furniture, machinery, etc.

In  addition  to paints, the industry produces varnishes and lacquers,
which  consist  of  film-forming  binders   (resins  or  drying   oils)
dissolved  in  volatile  solvents or dispersed in water.  The industry
also produces such  allied  products  as  putty,  caulking  compounds,
sealants,   paint  and varnish removers, and thinners..  These items are
part of the "Allied Products" segment of SIC 2851..


Number of Manufacturing Sites and Employment

The number of paint manufacturing sites  and  overall  paint  industry*
employment  could  not  be  precisely  fixed  because  of  uncertainty
associated with the DCP responses..  The  uncertainty  stems  from  the
fact  that an exact description of the 508 nonrespondents could not be
determined.   However,  based  on  the  random  survey  of  the   non-
respondents,   the  total  number  of  paint  manufacturing  sites  is
estimated to be 1,500,.   Furthermore,  approximately  1,150  to  1,300
companies   are  estimated  to  operate  these  paint  plants.   As  a
comparison, the 1972 Census of Manufacturers put the total  number  of
paint  manufacturing  sites  at 1,599, down from 1,788 plants a decade
earlier.  Furthermore, a comparison of DCP responses  with  the  Paint
Red  Book  and  the Kline Guide plant listings shows approximately 100
percent response to the DCP from the largest plants.
                                 11

-------
Based on the DCP responses, the number of employees involved in  paint
production  during  1976  averaged  about  13,000.  The 1972 Census of
               placed  the  total   paint
                66,000   with   36,000
Manufacturers
approximately
production.
   industry   employment   at
directly  involved  in  paint
The DCP responses showed that the  paint  industry  contains  a  large
proportion  of  small plants.  According to the DCP, HI percent of the
companies responding had less than 10 employees-  A breakdown of plant
size according to number of employees based  on  the  Data  Collection
Portfolios  is  presented  in  Table  III-l.   Table  III-2 presents a
similar paint industry employment breakdown (as  well  as  some  sales
data)  from  the  1972 Census of Manufacturers..  According to the 1972
census, 39.3 percent of paint plants had  less  than  nine  employees.
Comparison  of  the  1972  census data and the DCP responses indicates
that the number of plants reporting over 100 employees declined during
the 1970's by 27 percent, twice as great a decline as reported for the
total number of plants.

Paint Industry Sales

DCP responses also revealed that despite their numerical domination of
the industry, the smallest paint companies  account  for  only  5%  of
industry  sales;  the  four  largest  companies,  on  the  other hand,
accounted for 30% of paint sales in 1974..

In 1972, the Census of Manufacturers valued total paint production  at
$3.8  billion.   According  to  the Kline Guide, for 1974 the value of
trade sales products amounted  to  $1.87  billion  and  the  value  of
industrial  finishes  was  $1.. 8  billion, or a total of $3.67 billion.
Shipments in 1974 were 1.8 billion liters   (475  million  gallons)  of
trade  sales products and 1.7 billion liters,  (457 million gallons) of
industrial finishes, or a total of 3.. 5 billion liters  (0.932  billion
gallons).   DCP responses indicate that the industry shipped about 3.8
billion liters   (1  billion  gallons)  of  paint  in  1976  valued  at
approximately  $4  billion.   The  quantity  and value of shipments of
trade sale products as reported in the Kline Guide are shown in  Table
III-3.    Table  III-4  depicts  similar  information  for  industrial
finishes.  Additional data on the dollar value of paint shipments from
both the 1972 Census of Manufacturers and from the DCP  responses  are
also presented in Table III-5.

Geographic Distribution of Paint Plants

The  overall  geographic  distribution  of paint plants is depicted in
Figure III-1 and on Table III-6.  Paint plants tend  to  be  clustered
around  population  centers,  due to the expense of transporting paint
long distances-  As shown in Table III-6, five states (California, New
Jersey, New York, Illinois,  and  Ohio)  contain  626  plants,  or  46
                                 12

-------
                            TABLE III-1




       NUMBER OF PRODUCTION EMPLOYEES ,IN PAINT PLANTS (1976)
Number of Employees




      0-10



      11-20



      21-30



      31-40



      41-50



      51-60



      61-70



      71-80



      81-90



      91-100



      101-150



      Over 150



      No Data





              Total





Source:  DCP
Number of Plants



       562



       286



       134



        64



        66



        49



        30



        15



        19



        19



        52



        53



        25
      1374
Percent of Total



     40.9



     20.8



      9.8



      4.7



      4.8



      3.6



      2.2



      1.1



      1.4



      1.4




      3.8



      3.9



      1.8
    100%
                                  13

-------
                                 TABLE III-2

                           PAINT INDUSTRY PROFILE
                        1972 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURERS
Number of Employees
1-9
10-19
20-49
50-99
Over 100
TOTAL
Number of
Plants
629
283
347
196
144
1599
Percent of
All Plants
39.3
17.7
21.7
12.3
9.0
100.0%
Value of
Shipments
($million)
$ 125
208
581
748
2,163
?3,825
Percent of
All Shipments
3.3
5.4
15.2
19.6
56.5
100.0%
Source:  1972 Department of Commerce Census of Manufacturers
                                     14

-------
                            TABLE III-3

                    ESTIMATED U.S.  SHIPMENTS OF
                   TRADE SALES BY END USE (1974)
End Use
Interior Finishes
House paints
Water emulsion
Flat
Semigloss
All purpose
Other
Total
Oil and alkyd
Flat
Semigloss
High-gloss
Undercoaters , primers
Total
Miscellaneous '
Total interior
Exterior Finishes
House paints
Water emulsion
Oil and alkyd
Enamels
Undercoaters , primers
Total
Miscellaneous * '
Total exterior
Other Trade Sales Products
Automotive refinishing
Traffic, paints
Other (C)
Total other
Total, Trade sales
Million
Liters


473
151
49
45
719
38
57
57
19
170
114
1003

341
76
38
	 28_
492
57
549
132
95
	 19_
246
1798
Million
Gallons


125
40
13
12
190
10
15
15
	 5
45
30
265

90
20
10
10
130
15
145
35
25
	 5
65
475
Million
Dollars


$ 370
145
35
40
590
40
70
90
20
220
110
920

330
130
65
	 35_
560
105
665
200
60
	 26_
286
$1,871
a-Includes stains, varnishes, seamless flooring and ceramic-like
  tile
b-Includes, barn, roof and fence coatings, bituminous products,
  metallic paints, stains and varnishes.
c-Mostly marine shelf goods.
Source:  Estimates by C.H. Kline & Co., Copyright 1975.
                                 J.D

-------
                             TABLE  III-4

                     ESTIMATED  U.S.  SHIPMENTS  OF
                INDUSTRIAL FINISHES  BY END  USE (1974)
                            Million
                            Liters

Transportation equipment
  Motor vehicles               246
  Marine         '               57
  Railroad, aircraft,  & other   57
                               360
Industrial maintenance

Furniture
  Wood
  Metal
Prefinished stock
  Metal
  Wood
Metal decorating
  Packaging
  Other
Machinery and equipmenta

Appliances

Packaging, exc. metal

Miscellaneous

    TOTAL
208
           Million
           Gallons
65
15
15
95

55
189
95
284
114
76
190
189
57
2T6
114
76
38
215
1730
50
25
75
30
20
50
50
15
65
30
20
10
57
457
          Million
          Dollars
290
 70
 40
400

220
                           125
                            90
                           215
                           140
                            65
                           205
                           170
                        	50
                           220

                           120

                            90

                            35

                           296

                        $1,801
a— Includes data for insulating varnishes and magnet wire
    enamels

Source:  C. H. Kline & Co., Copyright 1975.
                             16

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                              TABLE  III-5
                    GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PA:[NT PUUBS
                               Number of Plants
EPA Region
Region I
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Verasbnt
Total
Region XI
New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Total
' Ragion III
Dola%>are
D.C.
Maryland
Pennzylvania
Virginia
West Virginia
Total
Region IV
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
: Total
Region V
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Total'
Region VI
Arluinitas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Tewa*
Total
Region VTI
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Total
Region VIII
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
Total
Ragion IX
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Total
Region X
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington
Total
Accumulative Total
Total

10
3
54
3
5
2
77

112
109
6
0
227

3
0
20
66
13
4
106

12
69
35
22
5
20
s
17
185

106
34
47
19
103
34
343

7
13
3
9
58
92

13
10
51
2
76

11
3
0
1
4
1
20

6
196
0
1
203

1
2
20
22
45
1374
0-20
Bnploveei

6
3
36
2
4

sT

60
84
3
0
147

0
0
a
40
6
3
57

6
59
20
5
4
9
3
9
115

50
22
25
12
60
26
195

5
11
2
7
34
59

8
6
30
2
46

a
3
0
1
3

~16

4
123
0
1
128

1
2
14
16
33
848
20-100

4
0
16
1
1
1
23

37
17
2
0
56

3
0
10
19
7
1
40

4
8
10
13
1
7
1
6
50

38
8
16
6
31
6
105

1
4
1
1
18
25

4
2
16
0
22

3
0
0
0
I
0
4

2
57
0
O
59

0
0
6
6
12
396
Over 10O
Employees

Q
o
1
0
o
o
1

10
£

g
17

0
0
2
£
o
0
8

2
Q
4
4
o
3

2
16
„
IS
4
5

10
1
36

,
0
0
0
6
7

1
2
5
0
8

0
0
o
o
o
0
0

0
12
o
0
12

o
o
o
o 	
o
105
Not
Indies)


n


O
o
~i


2

Q
"7

0
0

0
o
"I

0



0
0

0 '

~4

3
0
1
0.
2
~

0
0
0

0
1

0
0
0
o
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0


4
0
o
4

0
0
0
0

25
Source:  DO>
                                      17

-------
percent of the 1,37, plants -
                                                             hate
                                      [ fch  number of  paint plants,
                                      in and consequently is  second
                                    tate *™ York 2nd Florida, which
                                                    P-Portionally
the number of plants in a state,
Illinois,  for example, ^his
has more large plants than any

nave a%eCpaondSrance ofsfalf
less paint per plant than average.




DCP  responses,  shipmate orxg^e « 19 rtatesj whil^8  ^  86

those 19 sta ^s accounting  for  ^e^f^^fshipmentsPWas calculated




averse value of $15 million per plant was used.
                                                                 s
                                                 over 100 employees,
                                                 hive the most large
             .•ssa.ssrs'urus.ss
 SBJ? ja.
 all  paint  plant  sites,
 employees, and 85 percent of all

 42 percent of production value.
     Distribution of Paint Plants
  facilities (vs.  25 percent
                                 18

-------
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-------
 ige
                            TABLE III-8
                  PAINT INDUSTRY BREAKDOWN BY AGE

                         Number of Plants	
                      Percent
Less than 3 years
3 to 5 years
6 to 10 years
11 to 20 years
21 to 30 years
Over 30 years
Did not answer
TOTAL
Source:  DCP
  67
 102
 168
 321
 268
 426
  22

1374
  4.9
  7.4
 12.2
 23.4
 19.5
 31.0
  1.6

100%
                             22

-------
Organization of Paint. Companies

Of  all  paint plants responding to the DCPr  65 percent  indicated that
they were the only manufacturing location  for that   company.  .  Twenty-
three  percent  of  the  plants  are branch plants of a  multiple plant
company, while 13 percent are divisions of a  parent  corporation.  Less
than one percent of the plants are captive manufacturing  sites which
produce   paint  solely  for  internal  consumption.   of  the  plants
responding that they were branch plants, divisions,  or captive  sites,
almost  80  percent were set up as profit  centers, while the remainder
were cost centers.  Twenty-two percent, or 301 plant sites,  are  part
of  publicly  held  corporations  and  70  percent,  or 963 plants, are
privately held.  The remaining eight percent  of  the  industry falls
under  such other forms of organization as cooperatives, partnerships,
or proprietorships,  or  did  not  answer  the  questions  on   company
organization.

Batch Sizes arid Available Tankage

In  the paint industry, the primary plant  operation  is the blending of
various size batches of paint.  Paints are often  custom-manufactured
in  batch  sizes  as  small  as  190  liters  (50  gallons),  or mass-
manufactured in batches as large as 38,000 liters  (10,000 gallons)  or
more.   As  part of the DCP, plants were asked how many  tanks they had
in various sizes.  Table III-9, presents a summary of production  tank
sizes used in the paint industry.                               .

EPA  estimates  the  total  available  tankage  for  the  industry to be
approximately 30,000 tanks, as indicated in Table III-10..  Half of the
tankage in the industry is less than 950 liters (250 gallons) in size,
accounting for about 12 percent of  capacity.   The  majority   of  the
industry's  capacity  is  in  tanks  of 9,500 - 23,000 liters  (2,500 -
6,000 gallons)..  Large paint plants (those with  over  100  employees)
have  approximately  27 percent of all tanks, but have over 40  percent
of total industry capacity.

Periods of Operation

The batch nature of paint manufacture makes it easy  to  start-up  and
shut-down production; consequently the industry primarily functions on
a  one  shift per day, five days per week  basis.  Eighty-seven  percent
of the plants responding to the survey question concerned  with shift
operation  indicated  that  they operate one  shift per day, while nine
percent operate two  shifts,  and  only  four  percent   operate three
shifts.   Almost 90 percent of the plants  have eight-hour shifts, with
the next most common shift lengths being seven  hours  and  ten hours
(four  percent, each).  Over 80 percent of  the plants responding to the
survey operate five days per week, while six percent operate four days
weekly.  Only 24 plants (two percent)  work more  than  five  days  per
                                 23

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week,  but  130 plants  (ten percent) indicate work weeks of under four
days.  A breakdown of these 130 plants indicates that over 90  percent
of  these  plants have less than ten employees, and over 95 percent of
the plants have under 20 employees*

Almost all paint plants  operate  approximately  250  days  per  year.
Thirty-nine percent of the plants indicated ,that they work between 201
and  250  days per year, and 41 percent work between 251 and 300 days.
Of those giving the exact number of days, the four most common answers
were 260, 250, 251, and 253 days per  year-   Twelve  percent  of  the
plants operate less than 200 days per year, and 6 percent operate over
300 days.

Water Usage

Total industry water usage is  shown in Table 111-11.  Based on the DCP
results,  EPA estimates a daily water usage between 34 and 140 million
liters  (9 - 37 million  gpd), with  the  most  likely  average  falling
between  76  and 95 million liters per day  (20 - 25 million gpd).  The
1971 SRI survey showed  a usage of 284 to  310 million  liters  per  day
 (75  -  82  million  gpd),  but  that  survey  was based on a selected
sampling of plants, weighted   heavily  toward  plants  with  over  100
employees  located  in  California.  In recent years, these plants have
instituted water conservation  programs, which may partly  explain  the
reduced  calculated  usage.  The SRI questionnaire also included water
used for resin production within paint plants, which the DCP did  not.
Resin  plants generally use much greater  amounts of cooling water than
paint  plants,  which   explains  part  of the  difference  in   water
consumption,  and also  explains the differences between the surveys in
water usage for various purposes.


Water usage data for all paint plants also indicate that their highest
water use is for cooling   (24  percent),  product   (29  percent),  and
sanitary  purposes  (30  percent),  Other uses include boiler feed water
 (seven percent), tank and  equipment  cleaning   (eight  percent),  air
pollution control  (one  percent), and miscellaneous  (one percent).  The
percentage  of  water   used for various purposes differs between small
plants and large plants, and is shown in  Table  III-12.   Plants  with
over  100  employees  have  a  much greater  percentage of noncontact
cooling water than do small plants-

Production Characteristics

Data on total paint industry production were presented earlier  in this
section.  The following paragraphs  present  some  of  the  production
characteristics,  analyses, statistics, and interrelationships  in more
detail.
                                  26

-------
                           TABLE  III- 11




              TOTAL WATER USAGE BY THE  PAINT  INDUSTRY
Water Consumption(GPP)   Number of Plants
Less than 10,000



10,000-25,000.



25,000-50,000



50,000-100,000



100,000-500,000



Over 500,000



Did not Answer



  TOTAL






Source:  DCP
1100



  78



  52



  22



  26



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  9£



1374
                   Percent
 80.1



  5.7



  3.8



  1.6



  1.9



  0.4



  6.6



100.0
                             27

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-------
 Approximately half of the plants  in  the  paint  industry  specialize
 ?himSi Y h1^ e^r  ^rade  SalGS paints or in^trial Sales painJs?
 The other^half of the plants produce both types of  coatings,  with  a
 wide  variety  of  fractional  mix.  Tables 111-13, 111-14, and III-15
 present data on the percentage of plant product devoted to trade sales
 paints, industrial sal^s paints, and allied product productions.   The

 ioV6S?~ ?lant^ baS?d °n ^he average mix of a11 Pla»ts' ProdSc^s ove?
 «»0  percent trade sales paints, just under 50 percent industrial sales
 paints, and about 9 percent of allied products.  In total, 53  percent

                                               ™thly Paint production
 Paint manufacturers also can be classified by the percentage of water-
 base paints and the percentage of solvent-base  (or  solvent  thinned)
 SiS    Pr°duced-   One-third of the paint plants responding to the DCP
 produce 90 percent or more solvent-base paints,  but only 8 percent  of
 the  Plants  produce  a  like  percentage  of water-base  paints.    A
 breakdown of paint plants by the percent of water, solvent,  or  other
 ba?e1fipai?J  manufactured  is  presented in Tables 111-16, m- 17,  and
             should be noted that the values presented in  these  three
          rL J°^  neces?arily  consistent.    For  example,  55  plants
         d that  they produced 100  percent  water-base  paint  but  135
       n    t°aJed-  S*at  ?ey Produce 2®ro percent water-base products
 and 1,056 plants indicated  a  zero  production   of  other  formulated
 products.    However,,  contrary to the expected result,  the sum of these
                                               obsrvea
              plant Produces  approximately  60  percent   solvent-base
paint  and  35  percent  water-base  paints.   However, there are some
differences between plants which  produce  primarily   (90  percent  or
more,  solvent-base  paints  and  those  producing  90 percSt or more
water-base  products.   Plants  making  primarily  solvlnt-Sse  paint
produce  mostly  industrial sales products, whill the plants SdiSSd
to water-base products manufacture  primarily  trade  sales  prodSctl,
with  a  high proportion of white or tint-base paints.  Although there
are only 109 plants  producing  greater  than  90  percent  wa?er-basl
paint,  they  form  an  important  group  of  plants  with  respect to
                                                             ^
The  percentages  of  white or tint-base paints and color formulations
produced by paint plants are shown on Tables III- 19 and  II?-20    The
number  of  plants in each decile of production is fairly uniform, but
as noted, predominately water-base paint production plants  produce  a
higher  percentage  of  white or tint-base paints than mostl? solvent-
base or solvent thinned production plants.  Approximately one- sixth of
                                 29

-------
                           TABLE III-13
                  PRODUCTION OF TRADE SALES PAINT
Percent of Individual Plant
Production of
Trade Sales Paint
0
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-99
100
No Response
Number of
Plants
464
125
39
44
39
58
34
47
43
77
160
182
62
Percent
Of Total Plants
33.8
9.1
2.8
3.2
2.8
4.2
2.5
3.4
3.1
5.6
11.6
13.2
4.5
     TOTAL
1374
                                                       100.0
     Average
                                                         42%
Source?  DCP
                                 30

-------
                           TABLE III- 14

               PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL SALES PAINT
Percent of Individual Plant
    Production of            Number of
  Industrial Sales Paint      Plants
                 Percent of
               'Total Plants
         0
      1-10
     11-20
     21-30
     31-40
     41-50
     51-60
     61-70
     71-80
     81-90
     •91-99
       100
  No Response
 295
 190
  62
  56
  38
  66
  26
  33
  44
  44
 111
 340
  69
21.5
13.8
 4.5
 4.1
 2.8
 4; 8
 1.9
 2.4
 3.2
 3.2
 8.1
24.7
 5.0
  TOTAL
1374
 100
  Average
                      48%
Source:  DCP
                             31

-------
                           TABLE III-15
                   PRODUCTION OF ALLIED PRODUCTS
Percent of Individual Plant
       Production of          Number of
      Allied Products           Plants
               Percent of
              Total Plants
         0
      1-10
     11-20
     21-30
     31-40
     41-50
     51-60
     61-70
     71-80
     81-90
     91-99
       100
   No Response

   TOTAL
 919
 170
  22
  17
  22
  15
   6
   4
   7
   8
  25
  37
 122

1374
66.9
12.4
 1.6
 1.2
 1.6
 1.1
 0.4
 0.3
 0.5
 0.6
 1.8
 2.7
 8.9

 100
Average
                        9%
(1) Including varnish, shellac, putty, removers,caulk,  etc.
    coatings are also included but are a dry product.
                           Powder
Source:  DCP
                              32

-------
                            TABLE III-16
                   PRODUCTION OF WATER BASE PAINT
 Percent of Individual Plant
   Production of Water Base
          _Paint

          0
       1-10
      11-20
      21-30
      31-40
      41-50
      51-60
      61-70
      71-80
      81-90
      91-99
       100
No Response
Number of
  Plants

   345
   274
    86
    53
    52
    63
    83
    99
    79
    SI
    54
    55
    70
 Percent of
Total Plants

    25.1
    19.9
     6.3
     3.9
     3.8
     4.6
     6.0
     7.2
     5.7
     4.4
     3.9
     4.0
     5.1
TOTAL
                                1374
                                                      100
Average
                                                       35%
Source:   DCP
                            33

-------
                         TABLE III-17
                PRODUCTION OF SOLVENT BASE  PAINT
Percent of Individual Plant
Production of Solvent
	 Base Paint 	
0
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-99
100
No Response
Number of,
Plants •
135
98
66
100
78
114
60
50
51
97
229
230
66
Percent of
Total Plants
9.8
7.1
4rt
. 8
7. 3
5«
.7
84*
. 3
4f
.4
3.6
3*7
.7
74
. 1
16.7
16 . 7
4.8













   TOTAL
                             1374
                                                     100
   Average
                                                      60%
Source:  DCP
                             34

-------
                           TABLE  III-18
              PRODUCTION OF OTHER FORMULATED PRODUCTS
Percent of Individual
Plant PrO'duction of
Products
0
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-99
100.
No Response
Number of
Plants
1056
59
11
7
5
8
7
4
1
10
8
16
182
Percent
Total pi
76.9
4.3
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.6
1.2
13.2
of
ants





•

•


-


   TOTAL
1374
                                                   100
   Average
                        5%
Source:  DCP
                             35

-------
                           TABLE JII-19
              PRODUCTION OF'WHITE OR TINT BASE PAINT
Percent of Individual Plant
Production of White or Tint   Number of
        Base Paint              Plants
                     Percent
                 of Total Plants
         0
      1-10
     11-20
     21-30
     31-40
     41-50
     51-60
     61-70
     71-80
     81-90
     91-99
       100
   No Response
 122
 159
 106
  87
 102
 122
  95
 106
 113
 109
 115
  49
  89
 8.9
11.6
 7.7
 6.3
 7.4
 8*9
 6.9
 7.7
 8.2
 7.9
 8.4
 3.6
 6.5
   TOTAL
1374
 100
Source:  DCP
                                 36

-------
                           TABLE III-20
                    PRODUCTION OF COLOR PAINT
Percent of -Individual
Plant Production of
Color Paint
0
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-99
100
No Response
Numbej: of
Plants
125
200
121
127
91
145
105
71
88
87
68
40
106
Percent
of Total Plants
9.1
14.6
8.8
9.2
6.6
10.6
7.6
5.2
6.4
6,3
4.9
2.9
7.7













  TOTAL
1374
                                                       100
Source:  DCP
                             37

-------
                          TABLE III-21
            USAGE OF INORGANIC PIGMENTS BY PAINT PLANTS
                   (excluding Titanium Dioxide)
  Percent of Individual
Plant's Production Using      Number of
   Inorganic Pigments    	Plants
                      Percent
                    of Total Plants
         0
      1-10
     11-20
     21-30
     31-40
     41-50
     51-60
     61-70
     71-80
     81-90
     91-99
       100
  No Response
  92
 113
  49
  39
  25
  86
  44
  52
 104
 156
 344
  99
 171
 6.7
 8.2
 3.6
 2.8
 1.8
 6.3
 3.2
 3.8
 7.6
11.4
25.0
 7.2
12.4
  TOTAL
1374
                                                  100
Source:  DCP
                              38

-------
                           TABLE III-22



            USAGE OF ORGANIC PIGMENTS BY PAINT PLANTS
Percent of Individual
Plant's Production Using
Organic Pigments
0
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-99
100
No Response
Number of
Plants
163
437
159
92
43
92
22
29
31
39
51
28
188
Percent of
Total Plants
11.9
31.8
11.6
6.7
3.1
6.7
1.6
2.1
2.3
2.8
3.7
2.0
13.7













  TOTAL
Source:  DCP
1374
100
                            39

-------
 the plants  in the industry have a nearly 50/50  breakdown between  white
 or tint-base  paint and color paint production.

 Tables  111-21  and 111-22  summarize the usage of inorganic and  organic
 pigments  in   paints,   and can be used to ascertain  whether there is  a
 trend away  from pigments  containing heavy metals..  This   is  important
 because many  of these  heavy metals are toxic pollutants..   The DCP data
 show that  the industry  still relies  on inorganic pigments, with half
 of the  responding plants  indicating that  they   use   over  70  percent
 inorganic colorants..

 As indicated  previously,  almost 10 percent of paint  industry sales are
 from allied   products.   The DCP asked for plants to indicate which of
 the most common allied products were produced.   This information is
 presented   in Table 111-23.   Over half of the paint  plants manufacture
 varnish on  site,  although only one-quarter of plants  specializing in
 water-base  products   produce  varnish (Table 111-24).   The other most
 common  allied  products  are  wood  fillers  or sealants,  and  paint
 removers.     Some  paint   plant  respondents produced  the  following
 additional  materials:    asphaltic  coatings,    lacquers,    adhesives,
 plastisols,   epoxy compounds,  and stains.   Thirty-three paint  plants,
 or 2.4  percent  of the   industry,  manufacture gravure  ink,   which
 actually is an activity classified under SIC 2893..

 The type   and  characteristics  of paint  produced can influence the
 amount  of wastewater generated and the degree   of  recycle  practiced.
 These factors  will be  discussed in Section VII.

 Raw Materials

 Survey  responses  indicate  that two production characteristics strongly
 affect  the  usage  of toxic  pollutants.   These two characteristics are:
 industrial  versus trade  sales  paint   production;   and  solvent-base
 versus  water-base paint production^

 Table 111-25 indicates that many raw materials  are more  prevalent in
 plants  specializing   in   solvent-base  paint than in plants producing
 primarily water-base paint, and more  prevalent in   industrial   sales
 paint   than  in trade  sales products..   For  example, toluene  is used by
 84 percent of  the plants specializing  in solvent-base paint,  but   only
 by 23 percent  of  the plants specializing in  water-base paint.  Toluene
 is  also  used  by 84  percent  of  the plants  that  concentrate in
 industrial sales  paint, and by  45  percent   of  the   plants   primarily
 engaged in trade  sales paint production.  Most  of the toxic  pollutants
 exhibit  similar trends.   Some  raw materials such as  chromium and zinc
however, are used by approximately equal  percentages  throughout the
 industry.   To quantify the dependency  of toxic  pollutant occurrence on
production characteristics for  the industry  as  a whole, the  percentage
of  plants  using particular raw materials or classes of raw materials
                                 40

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                           TABLE III-23

          ALLIED PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY THE PAINT INDUSTRY
Product

Resins
 Number of  Plants
	Producing
Percent of All
    .Plants
Allied Prpducts
  Varnish
  Shellac
  Caulking Compounds
  Putty Products
  Gravure Ink
  Powder Coatings
  Paint Removers
  Wood Filler/Sealer
                               112
        716
         32
        106
         74
         33
         47
        124
        206
                             8.2
     52.1
      2.3
      7.7
      5.4
      2.4
      3.4
      9.0
     15.0
Written In Responses (not necessarily SIC Code 2851)
  Lacquers                      30
  Asphaltics/Roof Coatings      28
  Adhesives-unspecified         14
  Epoxy Compounds/Adhesives     13
  Plastisol                     13
  Stains                        12
  Color Concentrate              7
  Enamel                         5
  Polyester compounds/gel        5
  Polish/Wax                     4
  Leather Compounds              4
                            2.1
                            2.0
                            1.0
                            0.9
                            0.9
                            0.9
                            0.5
                            0.4
                            0.4
                            0.3
                            0.3
Source:   DCP
                               41

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-------
was plotted  against  the  percentage  of  industrial  sales  and  the
percentage  of  solvent-base  paint  production  (see Appendix E).  For
each plot, a least squares fit was calculated.  The results  of  these
calculations   (slopes  and .correlation coefficients) are presented in
Table 111-26..  For all but one toxic pollutant, the slope of the  best
fit  line  is  positive,  indicating  that  the overall trend, however
slight, is for greater toxic pollutant usage with increased industrial
sales  and/or  solvent-base  production,.   For  some  of   the   toxic
pollutants,  the  statistical  validity  of  the  fit  was better than
others, as reflected in  the  higher  R2  or  correlation  coefficient
values,   As  can  be  seen from Table 111-26, comparatively good fits
were obtained against at least  one  parameter   for  silver,  cyanide,
cadmium, chlorinated organic solvents, methylene chloride, phthalates,
toluene, vinyl/vinylidene chloride, and phenol.

Several  explanations  for this trend are possible.  For the inorganic
toxic pollutants, the trend probably arises from the  fact  that  both
industrial   sales  and solvent-base paint production involve much more
color production than water and trade sales operations.  For  solvents
and  resins  containing  toxic pollutants, the obvious fact that these
materials are  used primarily in solvent-thinned  and  industrial  sales
products accounts for the trend.
                                               f'
For  one toxic pollutant, mercury, as indicated  by the negative slope,
the trend is reversed.  Mercury is more common in  the  raw  materials
used  in  trade  sales and water-base production by  a factor of two to
one.  Clearly, mercury is in use as a preservative for those  products
which   by   their   nature   are  more  vulnerable  to  spoilage  and
simultaneously require longer shelf life.

Standard Manufacturing Processes

Paints  can be  either solvent-base or water-base  but  there   is   little
difference   between  their production processes.   The major  production
difference is  in the carrying agent;  solvent-base  paints  are dispersed
in an oil mixture, while water-base paints  are dispersed  in  water  with
a surfactant  used  as  the   dispersing  agent.  Another   significant
difference is  in the clean  up  procedures  used.   Because the  water-base
paints contain   surfactants,   it  is   much  easier  to  clean   up the
formulating  tanks with water.   The  tanks  for  solvent-base  paint  are
generally cleaned with  an  organic  solvent,  but cleaning  with a strong
caustic solution is also common (1,  15).

The  principal  raw materials  in paint   manufacture  are  oils,   resins,
pigments,  and  solvents.   Drying oils,  such as linseed oil, are used  as
 film-forming  binders   in   some solvent-base paints.  Semi-drying oils
are used  in  the  manufacture  of  water-base  (latex)   paints..   Some
 industrial  water-base paints  contain a third type of resin, the water
 soluble alkyd resins.

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                                 TABLE  III- 26

                      SLOPES  AND  CORRELATION  COEFFICIENTS
                 FOR PLOTS  OF PERCENT   TOXIC   POLLUTANT USAGE
                                   VERSUS
         PERCENT INDUSTRIAL SALES OR PERCENT  SOLVENT BASE PRODUCTION
Toxic
Pollutant

PCP
Nickel
Silver
Dichlorobezidene
Cyanide
Zinc
Cadmium
Chromium
Chlorinated Organic
Solvents
Lead
Ethyl Benzene
Methylene Chloride
Phthalates
Mercury
Naphthanates .
Toluene
Vinyl Chloride and/or
Vinylidene Chloride
Copper
Phenol
Antimony
* ^*r**>*l t**3^ »•»*•» Mia^-^*»1 /n*«^ f
% Industrial Sales
Production
Slope
0.047
0.03
0.09
0.17
0.4
0.02
0.22
0.06
0.18
0,03
0.02
0.14
0.41
-0.16
-0.09
0.29

0.39
0.02
0.20
Owl
"V,1 ,-,,..: Jn
R"
0.4
0.03
0.16
0.3
0.42
0.0081
0.67
0.09
0.21
0.0016
0.067
0.34
0.67
0.144
0.044
0.51

0.67
0.005
0.58
0.28

% Solvent-Base
Production
Slope
0.006
0.12
0.10
0.24
0.3
0.07
0.2
0.03
0.13
0.3
0.09
0.2
0.32
-0.22
0.2
0.46

0.43
0.09
0.23
0.09

R"
0.002
0.30
0.49
0.42
0.49
0.05
0.49
0.006
0.49
0, 3
0.16
0.5
0.57
0.2
0.24
0.72

0.63
0.13
0.29
0.26

Source:   DCP
                                   45

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Pigments impart opacity and color to the  coatings.   The  four  basic
types  of  pigments  are:   (1) prime, white pigments, such as titanium
dioxide and zinc oxide;  (2) colored inorganic  and  organic  pigments;
 (3) filler and extender pigments; and (4) metallic powders.  According
to  the  Kline  Guidee  the  paint industry is the largest consumer of
titanium dioxide and inorganic pigments in the United States.

The paint industry also consumes large amounts of solvents, using them
as the volatile vehicles in coatings and certain  specialty  products.
The major solvents used are mineral spirits, toluene, xylene, naphtha,
ketones,  esters,  alcohols,  and  glycols.  In addition, the industry
consumes a wide variety of other additives  and  chemical  specialties
such  as  dryers, bactericides and fungicides, defoamers, dispersants,
and thickeners.  Raw materials used by  the  paint  industry  and  the
possible presence of toxic pollutants were discussed previously.

Paints  generally  are  made  in batches.  The major difference in the
size of paint plants is in the batch sizes,.  Small paint  plants  make
up  batches  of  from 400 to 1,900 liters  (100 to 500 gal) ; large ones
manufacture batches of up to 38,000 liters (10,000  gal).   There  are
generally  too  many  color  formulations to make a continuous process
feasible.

Solvent-Base Paint Operations

There are three major steps in the  solvent-base  paint  manufacturing
process:    (1)  mixing  and grinding of raw materials;  (2) tinting and
thinning; and  (3) filling operations.  Figure III-2 illustrates  these
steps.

Most plants mix and grind raw materials for solvent-base paints in one
production step.  For high gloss paints, the pigments and a portion of
the  binder  and  vehicle  are  mixed  into  a  paste  of  a specified
consistency.  This paste is fed to  a  grinder,  which  disperses  the
pigments  by breaking down particle aggregates rather than by reducing
the particle size.  Two types of grinders are ordinarily used for this
purpose: pebble or steel ball mills, or roll-type mills.  Other paints
are mixed and dispersed in a  mixer  using  a  saw-toothed  dispersing
blade commonly referred to as a high speed disperser..

The  next  stage  of  production  transfers  the  paint to tinting and
thinning tanks, occasionally by means of portable transfer  tanks  but
more  commonly by gravity feed or pumping.  Here, the remaining binder
and liquid, as well as  various  additives  and  tinting  colors,  are
incorporated.  The paint is then analyzed and the composition adjusted
as  necessary  to obtain the correct formulation for the type of paint
being produced.  The finished product is then transferred to a filling
operation where it is filtered, packaged, and labeled  (1, 15).   Large
                                  46

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   Pigments
  Oils
  and
Solvents
                                Pebble,
                               Sand or
                               Ball Mill
                       Thinning
                         and
                        Tinting
                         Tank
Resins
Tints and
Thinners
                               Dispersing
                                  Tank
Figure  III-2 -  Flow Diagram of Manufacturing Process  for Solvent-Base Paints
                                    47

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plants  often  mechanize  these  operations;  small  ones  may do them
manually.

paint remaining on the sides of the tanks  may  be  allowed  to  drain
naturally, and the "clingage" remaining on the sides is cleaned with a
scmeegee  during  the filling operation until only a small quantity of
paint remains.  The final clean up of the tanks generally consists  of
flushing  with a solvent until clean..  The dirty solvent is treated in
one of three ways:  (1) it is used in the next paint batch as a part of
the formulation;  (2) it is collected in  drums  that  are  sold  to _a
company  where it is redistilled and resold; or  (3) it is collected in
drums for decanting with the cleaner solvent subsequent tank  cleaning
and  returned to the drums until only sludge remains in the drum.  The
drum of sludge is then sent to a landfill for disposal  (1, 15, 16).

Some plants clean solvent-base paint  tanks  and  equipment  with  hot
caustic,  either  on  a  regular  or  periodic  basis.  The caustic is
generally recycled, and the caustic cleaning is  followed  by  a  water
rinse   Part of this water is returned to the caustic tank as make-up,
and  any  remaining  water  is  disposed of by;  (1) discharging to the
sewer or receiving water;  C2) holding, treating, and discharging to  a
sewer or receiving water;  (3) drumming and landfilling; or  (U) reusing
as  rinse  water.   In  plants  that manufacture both solvent-base and
water-base paints,  this  rinse  water  of ten  is  combined  with  the
wastewater from water-base paint operations,.

Water-Base Paint  Operations

Water-base  paints  are  produced   in a  slightly different manner  from
solvent-base paints.  The pigments  and extending  agents  are  usually
purchased and viewed  in  proper   particle   size,  and  the pigment,
surfactant, and binder are dispersed into   the   vehicle  with  a   saw-
toothed   high  speed  disperser.  Small plants, thin  and tint the paint
in the same tank;  larger ones transfer   paint  to  special  tanks   for
final thinning   and  tinting-   Once  the  formulation  is correct,  the
paint is transferred  to a  filling   operation   where   it  is   filtered,
packaged,  and labeled in the  same manner as for  solvent-base  paints.

The   production   process  for  water-base  paints is  diagrammed  in  Figure
III-3.   The  average composition of  common water-base paints   is   shown
in   Table 111-27.    This  table does not  include small  quantities of
preservatives  or  dryers that  may contain trace  quantities   of  heavy
metals nor does it include organic  biocides..
 As in the solvent-base paint operation, as much product as possible is
 removed  from the sides of the tub or tank before final clean up..  For
 the water- base paint tubs, clean up .simply involves washing the  sides
 with  a  garden  hose  or  -a  more  sophisticated washing device.  The

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Pigments
   Resins
    Oils

Surfactants
                                 Dispersing
                                   Tank
                                 Tinting
                                   and
                                 Thinning
                                Packaging
                                  and
                                 Filling
                                                 Water
Figure  111-3  -  Flew Diagram of Manufacturing Process for Water-Base Paints
                                     49

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                 TABLE II1-27
COMPOSITION OF COMMON WATER-BASE PAINTS (17)
         *
                             Type of Paint
Polyvinyl Acetate Acrylic
Ingredient Percent Percent
Titanium dioxide
Calcium carbonate
Zinc oxide
Silicates
Synthetic latex solids
Acrylic resin
Plasticizer - "
Soy alkyd resin
Water
Total percent by weight
10.2
3.4
-
20.4
11.2
-
2.6
-
52.2
100.0
20.0
-
4.1
13.0
-
15.7
*
2.5
44.7
100.0
                       50

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washwater may be:   (1) collected in holding tanks and  treated  before
discharge;   (2)   collected   in   drums   and  taken  to  a landfill;  (3)
discharged directly to a sewer  or receiving stream; (U)  reused in  the
next paint batch;  or  (5) reused in the washing operation.

Some  paint  plants   regularly   or occasionally rinse water-base paint
tanks and equipment with hot caustic,  in  a  similar  manner  to that
described  for  solvent-base paints-    Any  rinse  water  generated is
combined with the  regular clean up water,  and disposed of   by  one   of
the same methods.

Other Manufacturing Operations

Some  of the larger paint plants also  manufacture the synthetic resins
sometimes used in  paint: alkyd  resin,  water-soluble  alkyd  resin,   or
acrylic resin.,  These operations are not included in the scope of this
study   and  therefore  are  not  addressed  in   this  document.    The
manufacture of either type of resin involves  an  esterification process
in which polybasic acids and polyhydric  alcohols  react  with  various
oils  or  fatty acids.  The  raw materials  are fed into a large reactor
(kettle) equipped with an agitator..  Most   alkyd  resins  are  cooled,
filtered, and stored for use in paint  production or for  sale (1).

Paint  plants  originally manufactured varnish by the slow cooking  and
polymerization of natural oils  and   resins.   This   process  is   being
replaced  rapidly b,y the manufacture of  synthetic resins (often  called
varnishes)  as described above.   The  only water   pollution   loads  from
these  processes  would come from air  pollution  equipment  and from  the
caustic cleaning of the cook tanks..  Lacquer  is  produced by dissolving
certain resins in a solvent-base with  the desired pigment.    No   water
is used in these processes and  no liquid wastes  are  discharged.
                                 51

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                               SECTION IV

                       INDUSTRY SUECATEGORIZATION
 INTRODUCTION
 EPA    considered   the    following   factors   in   determining  whether
 differences  within   the   paint   industry  might    require   separate
 limitations:

     1.   Raw materials  and products
     2.   Production methods
     3=   Size and age of  production  facilities
     4.   Wastewater characteristics
     5.   Tank cleaning  techniques-


 RATIONALE FOR SUBCATEGORIZATION

 The    Agency   concluded    that   tank cleaning  techniques  offer  an
 appropriate  basis  for  subcategorizing  the  paint industry.     The
 following two subcategories have  been chosen..

     1.   Solvent-wash (solvent-base  solvent-wash)
     2.   Caustic and/or water-wash

 RAW  MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

 Solvents, resins, extenders,, pigments, and dispersing agents  generally
 are  used in all paint products, except for the use of solvent or water
 as   the  dispersing   medium.   Water-base  and solvent-base paints  are
 interchangeable  in   many  applications  except  that  in   the  past,
 industrial  finishes  were  primarily solvent-base products.   Their  use
 has  been declining in recent years,  however because  of  air  pollution
 problems   resulting    from industrial  application of  solvent-base
 products.  Industrial sales products  consequently,  increasingly   use
water  as  well as solvent mediums,.   Raw materials or product uses  are
 therefore not a basis for subcategorization, except  as they  influence
tank cleaning techniques.

PRODUCTION METHODS

Both  solvent-base  and  water-base   paints  can  be  made  in the same
factory, with many of the same raw materials and in much of   the  same
equipment.    Some solvent-base pigments may require  dispersing in roll
or ball mills before blending into the  dispersed  calcium  carbonate,
talcs and clays;;  these mills are not  usually used for water-base paint
pigments.   Because  the  production  methods for all paints  are quite
similar they are  not a basis for subcategorization.
                                 53

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SIZE AND AGE OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES

This study showed that the size of production facilities affects  only
the  volume  of  wastewater;  the  characteristics  of  the wastes are
similar regardless of plant size.   Because  the  paint  manufacturing
process  equipment has not changed appreciably over the years, the age
of  the  plant  has  little  bearing  on  the  waste  characteristics.
Therefore  neither  size nor age of plant production facilities appear
to be a valid technical basis for subcategorization.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS

The untreated wastewaters generated by paint manufacturing  operations
contain  a  fairly  diverse  mixture  of pollutants.  These pollutants
range from oxygen demand and solids to various toxic pollutants,.  Both
water-base and solvent-base paint  manufacturing  wastewaters  contain
substantial  quantities  of  these  pollutants-  With the exception of
solvent-base solvent-wash operations which generate no wastewater,  no
specific segment of the industry has a significantly different quality
or  quantity  of wastewater.  Consequently, wastewater characteristics
do not provide a good basis for subcategorization-

TANK CLEANING TECHNIQUES  •

The paint industry commonly uses three specific methods of paint  tank
cleaning.   These  cleaning  methods  include   (1)  solvent-wash;   (2)
caustic-wash; and  (3) water-wash.  Solvent-wash is used exclusively to
clean tanks used for formulating solvent-based paint.   When  solvent-
washing   is   used  in  solvent-based  operations  no  wastewater  is
discharged.  Caustic-wash techniques are used to clean  both  solvent-
base   and   water-base   paint  manufacturing  tanks.   Water-washing
techniques also are used  in  both  the  solvent-base  and  water-base
segments  of  the paint industry.  For solvent-base operations, water-
washing usually only follows caustic-washing  of  solvent-base  tanks.
For water-base operations„ water-washes often constitute the only tank
cleaning  operation.  It should be noted however that periodic  caustic
cleaning of water-base paint tanks is also a common practice.

The treatability and disposal  options  for  wastewater  generated  by
water-wash  and  caustic-wash  operations  are  essentially  the same.
Rinse waters  generated  following  caustic-wash  are  sometimes  less
concentrated  than  exclusively  water  rinse   generated  wastewaters,
although the pollutants contained in these two  types of wastewater  are
similar.  Consequently, the methods  of  treatment  and  disposal   are
alike.    Section   VII  will  show  that  there  are  no  significant
differences in the effluent concentrations  attained  by  the   various
control   technologies   for   caustic  rinses  versus  water   rinses,.
Furthermore, the quantity   of  wastewater  generated  by  caustic-wash

-------
technique!
Beater  than
                                             generated  by  water-wash
         °the£  hand'  solvent-wash  operations  create  significantly
   K      W^SK? sjrefms-  As a result, tank cleaning techniques
to be a workable basis for subcategorization.
                                55

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                               SECTION V

                  WATER USE AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

 WASTEWATER SOURCES

 Tank and Equipment Cleaning

 Wastewater  from paint manufacturing plants  results  primarily from the
 rinsing of  mixing  tanks   and  filling  equipment.    Some   additional
 wastewater  may be contributed by floor and  spill  cleaning,  laboratory
 and plant sinks,  boiler and cooling  water  blowdown,   air   pollution
 control  devices using water,  and cleanout of  raw  material supply tank
 cars or trucks.   Most  paint plants segregate noncontact  cooling   water
 and   sanitary    wastewater   for  discharge  to   the  sewer  with no
 pretreatment.

 Paint manufacture involves  three  basic  steps:   dispersing of  raw
 materials,   tinting and  thinning,   and  filling  and  packaging.   Some
 plants combine  steps one and two by grinding  the  raw  materials  for
 dispersing  in   the same tanks  where the paint is thinned.   Where the
 steps take place  in separate vessels,  dispersion tanks or  ball   mills
 generally  are   cleaned up  by  rinsing with solvent or water  (depending
 on  the base of that paint batch).   This solvent or water  usually is
 drained  into  the  thin down tank and serves as part of  the  caustic or'
 solvent,  or it is  cleaned by dry methods, or by  some  combination of
 methods.    water  rinses  usually used   on  water-base  paint batches,
 solvent rinses.follow  solvent-base paint  batches,  and  caustic rinses
 £Si2? e£ther-  Many plants routinely use an installed caustic-washing
 system for  small  portable tanks or tote bins, and clean fixed  tanks
 ni™23US  1C S?ly wh®n. heavy  build-up   of  paint  residue   makes  it
 necessary.   The methods of tank rinsing practiced by paint  plants  are
 presented in Table V-l.

 Solvent rinsing of solvent-base paint tanks  ordinarily  generates  no
ways!5    ^   ThS  USGd  solvent   generally is handled in one  of ?hree
    1.


    2.


    3.
used in the next compatible batch of paint  as  part  of  the
formulation;
collected and redistilled, either  by  the  plant  or  by
outside company, for subsequent resale or reuse; and
                                                           an
               ™   °r ^J°ut settling to clean tanks and  equipment
         until spent, and then drummed off for disposal.  If sludge is
         settled  out, it is also drummed off for disposal by contract
         hauling.
                                 57

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                            TABLE V-l




          METHODS OF TANK CLEANING USED BY PAINT PLANTS
Rinsing Method 	 Number
Water Rinse only*
Solvent Rinse only*
Caustic Rinse or Soak
only*
Dry Cleaning only
Water and Caustic Rinse*
Water and Solvent Rinse*
Solvent and Caustic Rinse*
Water, Solvent and Caustic*
Not Answered
Total Using:
Water
of Plants
143
383
14

24
30
491
40
187
62

851
Solvent 1101
Caustic Rinse
Caustic Soak
Dry Clean Up
163
164
189
Percent of Plants
10.4
27.9
1.0

1.7
2.2
35.7
2.9
13.6
4.5

62
80
12
12
14
*With or without dry cleaning of tanks



Source: DCP
                             58

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 Spent tank and equipment rinse water is usually handled in one of four
     1.
reused in the next compatible batch of paint as part
formulation;
                                                                of  the
     2,    reused,,  either with or without treatment,  to clean tanks  and
          equipment  until   spent.    if  sludge  is   settled out,  it is
          disposed of by contract hauling;

     3.    discharged  with or without  treatment  as wastewater;  and

     4.    disposed of by contract hauling..

Plants using caustic rinse  systems usually rinse the  caustic  residue
with water, although a few plants allow the caustic to  evaporate from
the  tanks._ Evaporation of  caustic,  however, can cause odor  problems,
Sl^JTiL "f1** can interfere  with some  types of paint  formulas.
There are several types of  caustic systems commonly used by the  paint
industry.   For   periodic   cleaning  of fixed  tanks two  methods are
popular!

     1.    maintaining the caustic in  a  holding  tank  (usually  heated)
          and  pumping  it through fixed piping or flexible  hose to the
          tank to  be  cleaned,  often  a  portable  hood  is  placed   over'
          that  tank,  with nozzles to direct the  spray.   The caustic is
          returned to the holding tank?  and

     2,    preparing the  caustic  solution  in the tank to be cleaned,  and
          the tank soaking until  clean.   The caustic solution  is either
          transferred  to the next tank to be cleaned,  stored  in  drums
          or  a  tank  for subsequent  use, or is disposed of  by contract
         hauling;
For cleaning small portable tanks, three common methods are in use
the paint industry:
                                                          by
         pumping caustic from a holding tank  (usually  heated)  to  a
         fixed  or  portable  hood which is placed over the tank to be
         cleaned.  The caustic drains to a floor drain or sump and  is
         pumped  back to the tank, or is pumped back directly from the
         a            T °Pen t(?P caustic holding  tank-   Small  tanks
         are  put  into  "strainers" and dipped into these tanks until
         c J,6ctn f  cinci
                                 59

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3.    placing  the  tanks  in  a  "dishwasher-like"  device   which
     circulates  hot  caustic and a subsequent water rinse-   These
     devices can handle tanks up to about 1900 liters (500 gal).
                           caustic-wash  is  rarely  reused  in  a
                           The most common methods for disposal of
The water rinse  following  a
subsequent  batch  of  paint.
this rinse are:

    1.   Recycling it back into the caustic as make-up water;

    2.   drumming it for contract hauling; and

    3.   discharging it as wastewater, with or  without  pretreatment.
         Combination with other plant wastewater prior to treatment or
         disposal   is   sometimes   practiced.    Discharge  of  this
         wastewater  is  currently  prohibited  by  some  states   and
         municipalities,  and  may be prohibited in other areas in the
         future.

Most plants reuse the caustic solution until  it  loses  some  of  its
cleaning  ability.  The caustic then is disposed of either by contract
hauling or as wastewater, with  or  without  neutralization  or  other
treatment.   In  the  DCP,  plants using caustic rinsing were asked to
indicate whether their system was a closed loop  system   (all  of  the
water  rinse is used as caustic make-up), partial recycle, or open  (no
reuse of the water rinse).  There was some confusion among  responders
regarding   the  definitions  of  the  three  terms.   Seventy  plants
responded that they had a closed loop system; however,  telephone  and
field  follow-up  with a 20 percent sample of these plants showed that
while all of the plants recycled their  caustic  solution,  none  were
able to recycle all of their water rinse.  At least one company in the
United  States  manufactures a true closed loop caustic system.  It is
not widely used by the paint industry,  however,  and  several  plants
indicated   experiencing   operating   problems   with  it,  and  have
discontinued its use.  Eighty plants responding to the survey recycled
part of their caustic rinse water, and 101  plants  recycled  none  of
their rinse water.

The  Agency  asked  plants  responding to the DCP to indicate how many
gallons of water were used to  clean  tanks  of  various  sizes.    The
responses  to  these  questions  are  presented in Table V-2, for that
section of the industry indicating the use of water rinsing of  tanks.
For  tank  sizes  up to 3800 liters  (1000 gal), the majority of plants
used less than 230 liters  (60 gal) to clean the tank after a batch  of
paint.   For  tanks  between  3800 and 5700 liters  (1001-1500 gal) , 37
percent of the plants required over 230 liters  (60 gal) of water.   The
percentage of  plants requiring over 230 liters  (60  gal)  to  clean  a
mixing  tank   increases  with the size of the tank-,  For  tanks between
9500 and 23,000 liters  (2500-6000 gal), EPA estimates that the average
                              60

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                                          TABLE V-2




                       AMOUNT OF WATER USED TO CLEAN A PAINT TANK
Tank Size

Under 250 gal.
251-500 gal.
501-1000 gal.
1001-1500 gal.
1501-2500 gal.
2501-6000 gal.
Over 6000 gal.
0-60 gal.

97.9
90.2
79.6
62.9
54.7
38.6
59.4
61-100

1.6
7.1
13.5
22.5
22.0
26.7
15.6
gal. 101-200 gal.
Percent of Plants
0.4
1.9
3.1
9.6
11.3
18.8
12.5
Over 200 gal.
Responding
0.1
0.9
3.8-
5.1
11.9
15.8
12.5
Total

100%
100
100
100
100
100
100
Source:   DCP
                                    61

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cleaning water usage for falls between 260 and 760 liters  (70-200 gal)
with the most likely average between 380 and 570 liters  (100-150 gal).

As stated previously, the amount of water generated by  tank  cleaning
is influenced by the water pressure used.  A cross-tabulation of water
pressure  by  volume of water for each range of tank size  is presented
in Appendix C.  These tables indicate some correlation between the two
variables; plants with high pressure rinses tend to generate less tank
cleaning wastewater per batch of paint-

The amount of wastewater used to clean  filling  equipment  is  highly
variable  from  plant  to  plant.   Visits and phone contact with many
paint plants indicate that the  volume  of  rinse  water   for  filling
equipment  ranges  from  10  percent  to  ten times the volume of tank
rinsing  water.   Factors  that  influence  water  usage   include  the
pressure  of  the  rinse  water, and the existence or absence of floor
drains.  Without troughs or floor drains, equipment often  is  cleaned
with  rags, while there is a greater tendency to use hoses where there
is  an  area  for  wastewater  to  drain.   Of  course,    the   latter
circumstances  generate  a  much  larger  volume  of  water.   The one
remaining source of wastewater that may have contact with  paint solids
is floor cleaning or spill handling-  Again, where there are no  floor
drains,  plants use dry clean up methods, mopping, or floor scrubbers,
which generate little  or  no  water-   Some  plants,  however,  clean
production  areas  by hosing down the floor, and allowing  the water  to
flow into floor drains.  The variation in wastewater  generation  from
plant  to  plant,  and  a  review  of potential wastewater controls  is
presented in Section VII of this report-

Other Pollutant Sources

Beyond process wastewater generated from tank and equipment  cleaning,
there  are other sources of pollutants within the typical  paint plant.
These wastewater streams must be considered in  any  water management
schemes  developed for the paint industry.  The following  are the most
common sources of potentially contaminated wastewater found  at  paint
manufacturing  facilities, other than those discussed in the preceding
section:

     1.   resin and pigment plant wastewater from  paint  plants  which
         produce  some  of  their  own raw materials at  the same site.
         Some combined data have been  collected  during  this   study;
         however,   this   document   presents    information  only   on
         segregated paint plant wastewater;
          bad or spoiled paint batches which are not
          products or discharged as a solid waste;
reused  in  other
                                  62

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         residue* from spills, which is  discharged  to  the  sewer  or
         combined with other wastewater;
    4.

    5.


    6.



    7.
contaminated storm water runoff;

wastewater  from  cleaning   tank
matericils, such as latex;
trucks   delivering   raw
wastewciter from plant or laboratory sinks  used  for  rinsing
hand  equipment  coated  with paint, or for disposal of small
quantities of paint;
steam  condensate  from  steam  injection
solvents used to clean paint tanks; and
        distillation   of
    8.   contact water from air pollution control devices.

Other wastewater sources  which  do  not  contact  the  paint  or  raw
materials,  but  which  may  contain  conventional and nonconventional
pollutants, such as BOD or TSS, include:

    1.   Sanitary wastewater,
    2.   Noncoritact cooling water,
    3.   Boiler blowdown, and
    4.   Noncoritact steam condensate-

In the DCP, plants were asked to indicate which  of  these  wastewater
sources  were  combined with tank cleaning wastewater before disposal.
The three most common answers,  were  sanitary  wastewater,  noncontact
cooling  water,  and  laboratory  wastewater.   As  with  water usage,
sanitary wastewsiter and cooling water account for  over  half  of  the
total  wastewater  stream  at  most  paint  plants, with tank cleaning
wastes and boiler  blowdown  making  the  next  largest  contribution.
Table   V -3  presents  the  number  of  plants  which  generate  each
miscellaneous source of wastewater.

Wastewater Volume^

The paint industry, in  total,  generates  approximately  5.7  million
liters  (1.5  million gallons) of process wastewater daily, about half
of which actually is discharged.  The other half is  reused  by  paint
plants, evaporated or drummed off for disposal as a solid waste.  This
estimate  is  based  on  the  responses  to the DCP,  Additional data,
collected during the economic analysis indicates that  the  wastewater
generation  estimate  from the DCP may be as low as 2.3 million liters
(0,. 75 mgd),.  Consistent with the typical trend in the paint  industry,
a  few  large  plants  generate most of the waterwater, while the many
small plants account for just a small  percentage  of  the  industry's
total  flow.   Table  V -4  presents  the amount of process wastewater
                                 63

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                             TABLE V-3



                      OTHER POLLUTION SOURCES






                         Number of Plants
Percent of
Source .
Spray Booths 	
Wet Scrubbers
Boiler Slowdown
Laboratory
Steam Condensate
Solvent is Redistilled
on site:
By Steam Injection
Distillation
Spent Caustic is Discharged
to Sanitary Sewer
Spent Solvent is Discharged
to Sanitary Sewer
Responding
27
, 52
75
115
38
69
25
91
13
All Plants
2
4
6
8
3
5
2
7
1
Source: DCP
                            64

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                                    TABLE V-4




                             •WASTEWATER GENERATION







                            All Plants
Plants Using a Water Rinse
Waste water
Generated
(gpd)
0
1 - 100
101 - 500
500 - 1,000
1,000 - 6,000
6,000 - 12,000
Over 12,000
Not Answered
Total
Number of
Plants
339
536
156
56
81
23
63
120
1,374
Percent of
Total
24.7
39.0
11.4
4.1
5.9
1.7
4.6
8.7
100.0
Number of
Plants
69
453
126
50
65
16
45
27
851
Percent of
Total
8.1
53.2
14.8
5.9
7.6
1.9
5.3
3.2
•100.0
Source:   DCP
                                 65

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generated  by  all  paint  plants  responding  to  the  DCP.   Process
wastewater for this study was defined as only that wastewater that has
an  opportunity  to  contact  paint  solids,  such as tank wash water,
caustic-wash rinse water, and floor wash  water.   Other  wastewaters,
such as sanitary or noncontact cooling water, were not considered part
of the process was'tewater stream.

The  most  important factor affecting the volume of process wastewater
generated and discharged at paint plants is the percentage of solvent-
base and water-base paints produced.  Table  V-5  compares  wastewater
volumes between plants producing primarily water-base paints and those
producing  primarily solvent-base paints..  As the table shows, most of
the plants that generate no wastewater produce primarily  solvent-base
paint, and consequently utilize no water rinse.

The  volume  of wastewater discharged by the paint industry as a whole
is shown in Table V-6..  Six hundred eight plants  (44 percent plants of
the industry) reported no discharge of  wastewater.   Of  plants  that
utilize  a  water  rinse  for  cleaning tanks, 230 plants  (27 percent)
practice "no discharge."  Among all paint plants that  discharge  some
wastewater,  412  plants  (30  percent of the industry) discharge less
than 380 liters per day  (100 gal/d)_  Only 95 plants  (7 percent of the
industry) discharge more than 3800 liters per day   (1000  gal/d),  but
these  95  plants  account  for  at  least  85  percent  of  the total
wastewater discharge from all paint  plants.   Table  V-7  presents   a
breakdown  of wastewater discharge volumes from plants that produce 90
percent or more water-base paint and plants that produce 90 percent or
more solvent-base paint.  Sixty-six percent of plants specializing  in
solvent-base  paint  discharge  no wastewater, and 25.7 percent of the
plants specializing in water-base paint generate  no  wastewater.   As
expected,  plants  producing  90  percent  or  more  water-base  paint
discharge more wastewater than plants producing   90  percent  or  more
solvent-base paint.

The  amount  of  wastewater generated and discharged from paint plants
often depends on many interrelated factors and the best  approach  for
comparing  plants is to use a dimensionless parameter which eliminates
extraneous factors, such as  overall  plant  production  volume,.   The
comparison   factor  that  was chosen was the unit volume of wastewater
generated, or discharged per unit volume of water-base paint produced.
Section VII  will discuss the variability  of  this  volume  factor  as
compared to  other general industry characteristics,

EPA  used the data from the DCP responses on wastewater generation and
disposal  to calculate  the  overall   industry   average    volume   of
wastewater   generated,  or  discharged  per  unit volume of water-base
paint  manufactured.   As  confirmed  by  visits  to   various   paint
facilities,  the  survey  information,  indicated  a wide range of water
usage and wastewater  generation  among plants.   The  calculated data  for
                                  66

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                                          TABLE V-5

                      VOLUME OF WASTEWATER GENERATED BY PAINT PLANTS
                              PRODUCING PRIMARILY WATER-BASE
                                   OR SOLVENT-BASE PAINT
Wastewater
Generated
(gpd)
0
1 - 100
101 - 500
501 - 1000
1001 - 6000
6001 - 12,000
Over 12,000
Not Answered
Plants Producing Over
90% Water-Base Paint
Number of Plants
12
62
10
3
13
•
5
4
Percent
11.0
56.9
9.2
2.8
11.9
-
4.6
3.7
Plants Producing
90% Solvent-Base
Number of Plants
205
97
29
12
20
8
25
63
Over
Paint
Percent
44.7
21.1
6.3
2.6
4.4
1.7
5.4
13.7
Total
109
100.0
459
                                                                               100.0
Source:  DCP
                                        67

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                                    TABLE  V-6





                  WASTEWATER DISCHARGE BY .THE  PAINT INPUSTRY
                        All Plants
Plants Using Waterwash
Wastewater
Discharged
0
1 - 100
-101 - 500
501 - 1000
1001 - 6000
6001 - 12,000
Over 12,000
Not Answered
Total
Number of
Plants
.608
412
111
26
50
16
29
122
1374
Percent of
Total
• ...44.3
30.0
8.1
1.9
3.6
1.2
2.1
8.9
100.0
Number of
Plants
230
374
104
23
47
13
22
38
851
Percent of
Total
27.0
43.9
12.2
2.7
5.5
1.5
2.6
4.5
100.0
Source: DO?
                                 68

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                                          TABLE V-7

                      VOLUME OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGED BY PAINT PLANTS
                              PRODUCING PRIMARILY WATER-BASE
                                  OR SOLVENT-BASE PAINTS
Wastewater
Discharged
(gpd)
0
1 - 100
101 - 500
501 - 1000
1001 - 6000
6001 - 12,000
Over 12,000
Not Answered
Total
Plants Producing
or More Water-Base
Number of Plants .
28
50
10
2
10
2
3
4
109
90%
Paint
Percent
25.7
45.9
9.2
1.8
9.2
1.8
2.8
3.7
100.0
Plants Producing 90%
or More Solvent— Base Paint
Number of Plants
305
58
12
5
6
3
13
57
459
Percent
66.4
12.6
2.6
1.1
1.3
0.7
2.8
12.4
100.0
Source:  DCP
                                           69

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the volume factor are presented in  Tables  V-8  and  V-y.   For  this
calculation,  the  data base was reduced to only those plants that met
the following criteria:
    1
use water rinse for cleaning tanks and
    2.   produce some water-base paint.

Plant responses used in the DCP also had to be complete with regard to
pertinent questions concerning wastewater volume and production.  This
selection reduced the data base to 50 percent of the plants responding
to the  survey,.   The  median  wastewater  generation  per  volume  of
production  is  approximately  0.2  liters  of wastewater per liter of
water-base paint manufactured  (0.. 2 gal/gal) and the median  wastewater
discharge  is  approximately  0-1  liters per liter  (0.1 gal/gal).  If
these calculations had included solvent-base paint production as  well
as  water-base,  the  median  values  would have been about 50 percent
lower.  For this reason. Tables V-8 and V-9 are based only  on  water-
base  products  and  are restricted to plants that have a water rinse.
The significance of these figures, and a complete breakdown  of , their
composition will be discussed in Section VII of this report.

WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION-

Background

The  Agency  assembled historical analytical data on the occurrence of
classical  pollutants  in  wastewater  from  the  paint  manufacturing
industry from the following sources:

    1.   Southern Research Institute  (SRI) Report  (1974) ;

    2.   National Field Investigation Center - Denver  (NFIC-D)  Report
         (1975) (2) ;

    3.   Draft Development Document for the  Paint  and  Ink  Industry
         1976  (3) ;

    4.   Historical data attached to DCP responses; and

    5.   Municipalities and EPA regional offices.

Unfortunately, much of the historical data  represents  paint  process
wastewater  combined  with  other  wastewater sources, such as cooling
water or sanitary wastewater, in undetermined ratios.   Virtually  all
of  the  data obtained from municipalities and from the SRI report are
in this form.  These data are not directly  comparable  with  sampling
data  from  segregated  paint  process  wastewater.   The  sources  of
historical analytical data are discussed in the following paragraphs.
                                 70

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                               TABLE V-8
                WASTEWATER GENERATION PER UNIT VOLUME
                    OF WATER BASE PAINT PRODUCED*
Liter/Liter
 (Gal/Gal)
Over 0 but less than 0.05

0.05 - 0.10

0.10 - 0.20

0.20 - 0.50

0.50 - 1.0

Over 1.0
Number of
Plants
63
110
49
122
139
111
140
Percent of
Total
8.6
15.0
6.7
16.6
18.9
15.1
19.0
*  Limited to plants using water rinse and manufacturing some
   water, base paint.
Source: Calculations based on DCP responses
                           71

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                          TABLE V-9

           WAS'TEWATER DISCHARGE PER UNIT VOLUME
              OF WATER BASE PAINT PRODUCTION*
Liter/Liter
(Gal/Gal)
Over 0 but
Less than 0.04

0.04 to 0.1

0.1 - 0.2

0.2 - 0.5

0.5 - 1.0

Over 1.0
Number of
  Plants

   223

   101


    33

    98

   114

    77

    79
Percent of
  Total

   30.7

   13.9


    4.6

   13.5

   15.7

   10.6

   10.9
 Limited to plants using water rinse and manufacturing some
 water base paint.
 Source:  Calculations based on DCP responses.
                         72

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 The Southern Research Institute Report,  Waterborne Wastes of the Paint
 and Inorganic  Pigments  Industries,   published  March  1974,  studied
 wastewater    management   in  these  industries,   and  presented  data
 concerning  water  usage,   wastewater   generation   and  treatment,  and
 wastewater   characteristics.    The source for much of the data in this
 study was a survey sent to 153  plants,   supplemented  by  four  plant
 inspections.    No  paint   process   wastewater  was sampled during this
 study.   Nine paint plants supplied untreated wastewater data  but  all
 of  the  data were based on combined wastewater streams.   Consequently,
 no analytical data from the SRI study are used in this report.

 In February 1975,  NFIC published  a  Draft  Development  Document  for
 Proposed Effluent Guidelines  and  New Source Performance Standards for
 the Paint and Ink Formulation  Industries,   This report was  based,  in
 part,  on   data  from the SRI  report  plus  supplemental analytical data
 collected by the NFIC-Denver staff-   This  report  served as  the  basis
 of  the  July  1975  Development  Document  recommending  no discharge
 regulations for direct dischargers for the two subcategories, solvent-
 base/solvent-wash  paint   and   solvent-base/solvent-wash  ink.    These
 regulations  were  subsequently promulgated.   The NFIC researched the
 untreated wastewater  discharge of  paint  manufacturing  sites  in  the
 Oakland,  California   area  using   the files of the East Bay Municipal
 Utilities District (EBMUD).  These results are presented in  Table  V-
 10,.    Some   of  the  EBMUD  samples,   however,  appear to be from paint
 wastewater  combined with  other plant  wastewater  streams,  and,   where
 reported,   the  high  standard  deviations indicate the large variations
 in wastewater characteristics  from plant   to  plant..    To  supplement
 these  data,   NFIC collected  three-day composite samples of untreated
 wastewater  from three plants in the   Oakland,   California  area.    The
 summary  of the data  collected from these  three plants is presented in
 Table V-11.   For most parameters,  the data from the field samples  are
 significantly higher  than the  data from the EBMDD files.

 Approximately   95  plants  attached   historical   analytical data  on
 wastewater  discharged from their plants to their   DCP  responses.    of
 these  95   plants,  only  17 submitted data on  segregated paint  process
 wastewater  streams.   Two  of the 17 plants  had  data for both  untreated
 and treated   paint process wastewater, seven  for untreated wastewater
 only, and eight for treated wastewater only.    Table   V-12  summarizes
 the  data   from the   two  plants  that  reported  on both treated and
 untreated wastewater.  Since one of the  plants  reported  only  their
mercury  analysis,  the  data   from both plants were  combined for this
 parameter.     The  plant  that   supplied  data   for   a    variety   of
 conventional, nonconventional  and metal toxic pollutants  produced both
water-thinned  and  solvent-thinned   paints-  Wastewater  is treated by
means of a physical-chemical treatment system.

Table V-13  summarizes  the  untreated  paint  process   wastewater   data
supplied  by  seven plants.  Table V-14 summarizes  the data on treated
                                 73

-------
                                   TABLE V-10
                   C.-NST- j'ENTS 21 PAINT MANUFACTURING  PLANT
               WASTES IN LAST BAX MUNICIPAL UTILITIES DISTRICT
                          RESEARCHED BY NFIC-DENVER
(1)
Constituent
pH (units)
BOD
Total COD
Dissolved COD
Total Solids
Settleable Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Ammonia
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Oil S Grease
Total Phosphorus
Aluminum
Antimony
Barium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Silver
Tin
Zinc
Phenols
Surfactants
No. of
Entries
28
12
31
31
1
3
32
3
3
26
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3

Min.
3.4
60
53
19
(3)

-------
                                   TABLE V-ll

                           SUMMARY OF SAMPLING DATA
                                 NFIC-D, 1973
(1) Median Value

All units mg/1 unless otherwise noted.
L = Less than

Source: NFIC-D Keport (2)
                                                              Average  of Three
Plant 1
pH (units)
COD
TOC
TSS
Barium
Total Chromium
Cadmium
Iron
Lead
Zinc
Copper
Titanium
11.5
8100
1200
11300
1.67
0.93
L 0.01
41.7
0.62
57.7
0.4
223
Plant 2
8.2
14800
1890
31500
1
59
L 0.01
139
1.02
2.64
0.14
743
Plant 3
7.7
16200
3100
19800
L 1.0
0.77
L 0.001
523
2.5
77.4
0.09
248
Plants
i.2<"
13000
2060
20867
1.2
20.2
L 0.01
235
1.4
- 45.9
0.21
405
                                 75

-------
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                                     76

-------
paint process wastewater supplied by eight plants.  The variability of
the data is probably due to differences  in  process  operations,  raw
materials,  amount  of water used, type of treatment, if any, location
of the sampling point, and analytical techniques.

The 1976 Draft Development Document prepared by Burns and Roe included
a sampling program on treated and untreated paint  process  wastewater
streams  and  sludge  from nine paint manufacturing sites.  Table V-15
summarizes the type of paint produced, the type of treatment used, and
the number of samples taken at each of the nine plants.   The  average
untreated  and treated wastewater concentrations from the 1976 program
are presented in Tables V-16 and V-17.

Sampling Data

Analytical  data  for   conventional,   nonconventional,   and   toxic
pollutants from each of the 22 paint plants chosen for sampling during
this  study are presented in Appendix G. For most plants, samples were
taken of intake water, untreated and treated wastewater,  and  sludge.
Of  the  22  plants,,  17  treated their wastewater by means of a batch
physical-chemical treatment system, using chemical  addition,  mixing,
and  settling.   Three  additional plants utilized a continuous system
with the same unit operations as the batch  physical-chemical  plants.
The   two   remaining   plants  utilized  neutralization  and  gravity
separation.  Production  characterization  and  statistics  concerning
wastewater  generation and treatment from each of the 22 plants can be
found in Tables V-18, V-19, and V-20,.  The information in these tables
came from plant  interviews  during  the  sampling  program,  and  was
supplemented  by  data from the DCP's.  The toxic pollutants that were
potentially present in the raw materials from  each  paint  plant  are
listed  in Table V-21.  This table was based on an analysis of the raw
materials survey in the paint industry DCP.

A summary of the characteristics of untreated and treated  wastewater,
sludge,  and  tap  water  from  the  22 sampled plants is presented in
Tables V-22 to V-25  (Section VI discusses  this  information  and  its
relationship  to the raw materials survey). These tables summarize the
number  of  times  each  conventional,  nonconventional,   and   toxic
pollutant  was  analyzed  for,  the number of times each organic toxic
pollutant was detected, and the number  of  times  each  was  detected
above   10   ug/1   (inorganic  toxic  pollutants  and  nonconventional
pollutants had different detection limits, ranging from  0.5  ug/1  to
2000  ug/1).   The  average  (mean), median, minimum and maximum values
also are indicated.  For many parameters  in  paint  wastewaters,  the
average  value is significantly higher than the median value-  This is
caused  partly  by  the  batch  nature  of  paint  manufacture.    The
infrequent  use of any particular pigment containing a high level of  a
toxic pollutant may result in a large  number  of  wastewater  batches
with  a  relatively  low  concentration  of  that pollutant, and a few
                                 77

-------
                                   TABLE V-13

                  AVERAGE UNTREATED WASTEWATER CONCENTRATIONS
                  FROM SEVEN PLANTS - DATA SUBMITTED WITH  DCP'S

pH (units)
BOD
COD
Oil and Grease
Total Solids
TSS
TDS
Phenol
Cyanide
Zinc
Lead
Nickel
Mercury
Copper
Cadmium
Iron
# ox
Entries
36
21
36
9
22
36
11
5 '
1
38
11
12
17
31
16
30
Minimum
4.3
7.0
631
12.5
918
3.0
2404
0.11

0.05
0.2
0.03
0.01
0.05
0.01
1.0
Maximum
12.9
4000.0
99999
394.0
56960
72980
31494
6.6

280
11.6
0.27
13.0
2.2
0.19
550
Mean
10.6
1.300
23300
150
13900
9400
16100
1.8
0.1
40
4.3
0.1
2.5
0.4
0.1
70
Standard
Deviation

1030
24200
110
17100
15700
830
2.7

65
3.8
0.06
4.1
0.5
0.05
110
(1) Median

All values in mg/1 unless  otherwise  noted.

Source: DCP
                                   78

-------
                                    TABLE V-14

                   AVERAGE TREATED WASTEWATER CONCENTRATIONS
                  FROM EIGHT PLANTS - DATA SUBMITTED WITH DCP'S

pH (units)
BOD
COD
Oil and Grease
Total Solids
TSS
Phenol
Cyanide
Zinc
Lead
Nickel
Mercury
Copper
Cadmium
Iron
# of
Entries
17
16
13
17
3
24
12
12
24
20
17
21
17
14
16
Minimum
5.4
1.0
20
20.4
45.8
51
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.001
0.05
0.01
0.1
Maximum
11.2
6725
49386
5314
629
24959
1.0
0.5
98.0
21.9
0.7
4.8
67.2
55.0
1477
Mean
7.1(1>
870
17900
660
60
3600
0.2
0.1
4.5
1.3
0.1
0.51
4.9
3.9
120
Standard
Deviation

1900
19600
1300
8.5
6700
0.3
0.1
• 20
4.9
0.2
1.0
16
15
370
(1) Median

All values in mg/1 unless otherwise noted.


Source: DCP
                                  79

-------
                                 TABLE V-15




             CHARACTERISTICS OF PAINT PLANTS SAMPLED DURING 1976
Plant
Code
M^HMBWB
76-A
76-B
76-C
76-D
76-E
76-F
76-G
76-H
76-J
PC
S
Neut
Type of Paint Produced
Water Solvent
x x
X X
X
X X
X
X X
X
x x
X X
- Physical-Chemical
- Sedimentation
- Neutralization
Type
• of
Treatment
S
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
S

Number of Samples
Taken
Untreated Treated
1
4
3
2
4
2
1
3
3

1
4 •
3
2
4
2
1
3
3

Source:  DCP
                               80

-------



































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                                       82

-------
             Paint Production
                 SABLE V-18

 PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OP PAIKT PLANTS
PARTICIPATING IH 1977/1978 SAMPLING PROGRAM*

  Pigments
Plant
Code

1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
11
12
13
14
15
16

17
18
20
24
25
26
27
28
% Water
Thinned

75%
100
90
100
35
100
75
75
IS
10
65
65
25
50

85
65
65
100
40
65
85
65
% Solvent
Thinned

25%
0
10
0
65
0
25
25
85
90
35
35
75
50

15
35
35
0
60
35
15
35
White
55%
90
75
65
90<2'
65
15
60
75

55
60
65
40

50
75
25
55
55 '
95
90
45
Organic
5%
40
75
5
15
15
5
35
25
20
45
15
10
10


10

15
5
5
85
5
% In-
organic
95%
60
25
95
Dedicated
Tanks
Yes/No
No

No
No
85 Yes-Solvent
85
95
65
75
80
55
85
90
90


90

85
95
95
15
95
NO



Yes
No
No
No
Ycs-
Xnd.Ctgs.
Yes-White
Bo


Yea



nci3 lewateE
Liter HO/
Liter Paint
0.15 (1>
0.25
0.27
0.3 '"
0.15 <»
O.l'1'
0.16(1)
0.17
0.3
0.3
0.15
0.08
0.04
0.13

0.15
0.25 <»
0.03 (1)
0.7
0.23 
65
85
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
Caustic
Washer
Yes/No
No
Bo
Bo
Ho
Yes
Bo
Y.S '»
Y« <3>
Y.. (3)
Yw
Bo
Ko
NO
BO

Bo
Bo
BO
Yes
Yes
Bo
BO
Yam
Water
Pressure
(Ib/in1*)
S0<4'
200
150
50<4)
so'4'
200
50<4>
60(»
150

75
100
SOM>
50«'

S0<4»
S0'4»
so'4'
125
60 '»
60(1)
80
50 m
Reuse
0
0
50%
0
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
0
0
50

0
75
25
0
0
0
10
O
Sanber
°* 111
2=nloyees"'
150+
150+
150+
101 - 150
150+
51-60
101 - 150
51-60
150+
Z01 - 150
10-20
81-90
41-50
31-40

101 - 150
51 - 60
41-50
101 - 150
150+
61 - 70
61 - 7O
31 - 40
(1)  Estimated from CCP
(2)  Hater-thinned only
(3)  No discharge to treatment system
(4)  Estiaat* of City water pressure

* As of Sampling Period

Source x  Burns and Roe field Reports and DCP
                                                                 83

-------
                                                 TABLE V-19

                           WASTEWATER TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PAINT PLANTS
                                PARTICIPATING IN 1977/1978 SAMPLING PROGRAM
Plant
Cod»
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
11
12
13 ,
14
15
16
17
18
20
24
25
26
27
28
Type
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
GS
Heut
PC
PC
CS
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
Batch or Size of Major
Continuous Batch (gal) Sources
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Batch
Continuous
Batch
Continuous
Batch
Batch
Batch
Continuous
Batch
Batch
Batch
5000
4000
6000
5500
5700
4000
4800
900
6000
700
300
750

1500

1000
800
6000
200
25,000
11,000
300
Wt
Wt
Wt
Wt
Wt, CR
Wt
Wt
Wt
Wt
CR
Wt
Wt
Wt, St
Wt
Wt
Wt
Wt
Wt
Wt. CR
Wt
Wt
Wt
Chemicals Used
For Treatment
Sodium Bisulfate, Anionic
s Cationic Polymer
Alum, Potassium Hydroxide
Deerbom Proprietary
Aquafloc 409, Polymer
Aluminum Sulfate, Lijne
Sodium Aluminate
Nalco 7722
Alum Ferric, Polymer
Caustic
Ferric Chloride, Polymer
Aqua Ammonia
Nalco 7742A

Phosphoric Acid
Nalco 3174
Nalco 634
Mobil Floe Resin 9000
Cosan C-Floc 18
Alum, Lime, Soda Ash,
Ferric Chloride
Caustic, Ferrous Sulfate,
DuBois Floe 551
Ferrous Sulfate
Drew Amerf loc
Ferric Floe, Sulfuric
Acid, Caustic
Sulfuric Acid, Lime
Amerf loc; Cationic
Polymer
HC1, Cosan C-Floe
cjypa Sources of Wastewater (1) Estin
PC!
Physic
:al Cheaical
Wt:
Water-Thinned
Operation (2) Indie
Testl
yes/H
yes
No
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
No
NO
No
yes
No
yes
No
No
NO
No
No
yes
yes

lated
:ates
: Sludge
[2) Held % Sludge Wastewater Volume
to Batches Produced (gal/day)
1 5%
1-3
1 6
1 9
1 20
' 1 3
1 17
1 22
1 5
1 ' 22
3 3
1 16

1 3
33
3 7
1 5
3-4 17'"
,0)
5<1)
1 10(1)
1 5
from DCP
whether plant uses jar
1000 -
1000 -
6000
6000
G 12,000
1000 -
1000 -
1000 -
1000 -
500 -
G 12
1000
1 -
100
100
1 -
1000
100
500
6000
1000
500
100
6000

6000
6000
6000
6000
1000
,000
- 6000
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- 500
- 500
• 100
- 6000
- 500
- 1000
- 12,000
- 6000
- 1000
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- 12,000

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for each batch.
Ranges are those indicated on DCP
Sourco:  Bums and Roe Field Reports and DCP
                                                                                                         6- Greater Than
                                                         84

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wastewater  batches  with  high  levels..   These  high    levels   will
proportionately  influence  the  calculation  of the average, and will
have a small effect on the computation of the median..  In the  tables
that follow,, pollutants which were never detected are not listed.

Table  V-22 indicates the average untreated wastewater characteristics
from the paint industry.  A total of 65 toxic pollutants  were detected
at-any level in one or more samples although only 11 toxic pollutants
occurred  above  10  ug/1  (or above their specific reported detection
limit in the case, of metals)   in over 50 percent of the samples.  They
were:
    Toxic Pollutant

    -    Copper
         Zinc
         Toluene
    -    Chromium
         Ethylbenzene
         Leeid
    -    Mearcury
    -    Benzene
         Methylene Chloride
         Arsenic
         Tetrachloroethylene
Percent of time measured
above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metals)
                 *    «

                 97%
                 95%
                 87%
                 83%
                 81%
                 75%
                 73%
                 58%
                 55%
                 52%
                -52%
An  additional   nine   toxic   pollutants    (1-1-1   trichloroethane,
chloroform,  naphthalene,  phenol,  di  (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-
butyl phthalate,  trichloroethylene,  cadmium,  and  nickel)  measured
above 10 ug/1  (or the specific detection limit) in 25 to 50 percent of
all samples.

A  summary  of  wastewater  characteristics  from  paint  plants after
treatment  (any type) is presented in Table  v-23.   Pollutant  removal
calculations  will  be  presented in Section VII.  A total of 51 toxic
pollutants were reported in one or more treated paint effluent samples
at any level.  Only eight toxic pollutants measured above 10 ug/1   (or
above their specific reported detected limit in the case of metals) in
over 50 percent of the samples.  These weres
                                 95

-------
     Toxic Pollutant

     -    Copper
     -    Toluene
     -    Zinc
     -    Methylene Chloride
     -    Mercury
     -    Ethylbenzene
     —    Chromium
     -    Chloroform
Percent of time measured
above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metalsl

                 80%
                 78%
                 71%
                 70%
                 70%
                ' 59%
                 53%
                 52%
 an  additional  seven pollutants were detected above 10 ug/1 (or their
 detection limit)  in 25 to 50 percent of all samples.-

 A data  summary  of  paint  sludge  (produced  from  physical-chemical
 treatment and/or settling)  is presented in Table  V-24.,  A total of 42
 toxic pollutants were detected in one or more samples at any level  and
 12  toxic pollutants were detected at above 10 ug/1 (or their specific
 reported detection limit in the case of metals)  in over 50 percent   of
 all samples.   These were:
     Toxic Pollutant
   Percent of time measured
   above 10 ug/1 (or other
   detection limit for metals)
         Copper                             100%
         Chromium                             95%
         Lead                                 95%
         Zinc                                 92%
    -    Ethylbenzene                         89%
         Methylene Chloride                   89%
    -    Toluene                              89%
    -    Mercury                              86%
         Cadmium                              72%
         Nickel,                              69%
         Di  (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate          67%
         Beryllium                            64%

Eleven other toxic pollutants measured over  10 ug/1  (or their specific
detection limit) in 25 to 50 percent of all  samples..

To  properly  gauge  the  effect  of  intake water on toxic pollutant
occurrence, tap water was sampled at each paint plant.  These data are
presented in Table v-25.  A total of 49 toxic pollutants were detected
at any level in one or  more  samples.   However,  22  of  these  were
organic toxic pollutants that never measured above 10 ug/1.  only nine
                                 96

-------
 toxic  pollutants  measured  over 10 ug/1 (or their specific detection
 limit)  in 25 percent or more of the samples.  These were?
     Toxic Pollutant

     -    Zinc
     -    Copper
          Methylene Chloride
          Chloroform
     -    Chromium
          Dichlorobromomethane
          Benzene
          Cadmium
          Lead

Mass Loadings
Percent of time measured
above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metals)

            73%
            63%
            5556
            48%
            44%
            35%
            31%
            30%
            27%
As  discussed  previously in  this  section,  the  paint  industry  generates
approximately  5,7  million  liters   (1-5  million  gallons)  of  process
wastewater daily, of which  2,8 million  liters   {750,000   gallons)   is
discharged.   Table  V-26   indicates  the  mass  loading from the paint
industry for  each conventional,  nonconventional, and toxic  pollutant,
based  on  an  industry flow of  2,.8 million liters  (750,000 gallons)
daily, and the  average  untreated wastewater characteristics from Table
V""* *
-------
           MASS LOADING FROM UNTREATED PAINT WASTEWATER
NO.  PARAMETER
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS

      BOD (MG-L)
      TOTAL SUSP* SOLIDS(MG-L)
      OIL & GREASE
-------
                               TABLE -V-26 (COM'T)
            MASS LOADING- FROM UNTREATED PAINT WASTEWATER
   NO,   PARAMETER


 ORGANIC TOXIC POLLUTANTS

     2  ACROLEIN
     4  BENZENE
     6  CARBON  TETRACHLORIDE
     7  CHLOROBENZENE
     9  HEXACHLOROBENZENE
    10  li-2-DICHLOROETHANE
    11  Irlfl-TRICHLOROETHANE
    13  Ifl-DICHLOROETHANE
    14  1»1»2-TRICHLOROETHANE
    15  lfl»2*2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
    20  2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE
    21  23.4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
    23  CHLOROFORM
    28  Si-S'-OICHLOROBENZIBINE
    29  Irl-BICHLOROETHYLENE
    30  lr2-TRANS-DICHLOROETHYLENE
    31  2*4-DICHLOROPHENOL
    32  lf2-DICHLOROPROPANE
    33  1 , 3-DICHLOROPROPYLENE
    38  ETHYLBENZENE
    39  FLUORANTHENE
    40  4-CHLOROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
    42  OK2-CHLOROISOPROPYL) ETHER
    43  DK2-CHLOROETHYOXY)  METHANE
    44  METHYLENE  CHLORIDE
    48  DICHLOROBROMOMETHANE
    55  NAPHTHALENE
    56  NITROBENZENE
    59  2*4-DINITROPHENOL
    60  4,6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL
    64  PENTACHLOROPHENOL
    65  PHENOL
       TOTAL PHENOLS
    66  OK2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
    67  BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
    68  DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
    70  DIETHYL PHTHALATE
    73  BENZO' (A)PYRENE
    78  ANTHRACENE
    85  TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
    86  TOLUENE
    87  TRICHLOROETHYLENE
    89  ALDRIN
    90  DIELDRIN
    93  4,4'-DDE
    94  4*4'-DDD
    96  BETA-ENDOSULFAN
    99  ENDRIN ALDEHYDE
  102  ALPHA-BHC
  103 BETA-BHC
  104 BAMMA-BHC
  105 DELTA-BHC

TOTAL ORGANIC TOXIC POLLUTANTS
   AVERAGE  PERCENT    KG/DAY  (LB/DAY)
    CONC.   OCCURRENCE
10
1933
3770
1405
92
. .118
141
11
568
20
10
2455
186
10
138
135
10
265
100
7482
10
266
3200
10
31878
27
295O
100
173
10
6017
746
260
418
474
5745
233
10
10
567
17966
81
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
58
25
12
3
16
51
6
16
6
3
6
48
3
16
6
6
12
3
80
3
3"
3
3
58
3
29
9
9
3
19
35

35
12
61
9
3
3
58
87
54
3
3
3
3
6
3
6
3
3
3
0.001
3.2
2.7
0.48
0.008
0,05
0.20
0.002
0.26
0.003
0.001
0.42
0.25
0,001
0.06
0,02
0,002
0,09
0,009
17.0
0,001
0,02
0,27
0.001
52.4
O.OO2
2.4
0,03
0.04
0.001
3.2
0,74
0.74
0.42
0.16
9.9
0.06
0,001
0.001
0.93
44.3
0.12
0.001
0,001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
( 0.002)
< 7,0 )
( 5.9 )
( 1.1 )
< 0.02 )
( 0,12 )
( 0,45 )
( 0,004)
( 0,57 >
( 0.007)
( 0.002)
( 0.92 )
( 0.56 )
( 0.002)
C 0,14 )
< 0,05 )
< 0,004)
< 0.20 )
( 0.02 )
( 37.4 )
'( "0.002)
< 0.05 )
K 0,60 )
( 0.002)
< 115.5 )
< O.OO5)
( 5.3 )
( 0,06 )
( 0.10 )
( 0.002)
( 7,1 )
( 1,6 )
( 1.62 )
( 0,91 >
( 0,36 )
( 21,9 )
( 0.13 )
( 0.002)
< 0.002)
( ~ 2.1 )
< 97.7 )
( 0,27 )
( 0.002)
< 0.002)
( 0.002)
( 0.002)
( 0.004)
( O.O02)
( 0.004)
( 0.002)
< 0.002)
< 0.002)
140.5 KG/DAY< 309.7 LB/DAY)
AVERAGE IS IN UG/L UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED

                                       99

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                                             TABLE V-27

                             AVERAGE UNTREATED WASTEHATER CONCENTRATIONS

                                          DATA COMPARISON
                                    Historical
                                    Data from
                                      DCP's
                                              1976 Sampling
                                                 Program
                                                  Data
                                        1977/1978 Sampling
                                           Program
                                       	Data	
Conventional Pollutants

ph (median), units
BOO
TSS
Oil and Grease
                               10.6
                              1,400
                              9,400
                                150
                        8.9
                      6,300
                     12,700
                      1,500
                         8
                     9,900
                    20,400
                     1.100
Noneonventional Pollutants

CCD
Total Phenols
Total Solids
Total Diss. Solids
Total Vol. Solids
Aluminum
Barium
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin
Titanium
                             23,300
                                i.e.
                             13,900
                             16,100
                                 70
                     28,500
                        0.9
                     32,200
                     16,100
                     13,600
                        190
                        3.3
                        1.7
                        103
                        3.1
                        O.S
                        3.7
                        250
                    55,000
                       0.3
                    28.900
                    10.60Q
                    13,000
                       197
                       8.7
                       0.9
                       271
                       2.9
                       0.7
                       1.1
                      16.7
Inorganic Toxic Pollutants
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
(total)
L 0.1

  0.4
  0.1
  4.3
  2.5
  0.1
   40
0.13
 9.6
 0.4

  20
 2.9 ug/1
 0.9
 260
 0.5
 3.1
 2.5
0.08
 6.3
 5.1
 1.4
  75
Organic Toxic Pollutants

     Historical data and the 1976 sampling program had no information on organic toxic pollutant*.
Notes
     All units, are in'mg/1 unless otherwise noted.
     L - Less Than
     Pollutants where comparative data was not available are not listed.
                                              100

-------
Most parameters show good general agreement between  the  1976 and  1977
programs.   One  exception  is  mercury; the 1977 data show levels 100
times  those  of   1976.   This  discrepancy  may  have   resulted  from
differences  in the plants selected for sampling.
zinc each averaged about two-thirds lower in the
the earlier sampling.

Resampling
have  resulted
 Chromium, lead, and
1977  sampling  than
 o    °I       paint industry sampling was conducted between September
1977 and January 1978..  At that time, EPA contract  laboratories  were
badly  overloaded,  and  consequently  some  of  the  samples were not
extracted promptly, and some of the classical and metals samples  were
not analyzed within the recommended time limits.  To ascertain whether
the subsequent analyses were accurate, the Agency chose six plants for
resampling.   During September, 1978, one sample each of untreated and
treated wastewater, sludge, and tapwater was taken from each plant  to
compare  with  the  old  data.   The  untreated  wastewater  data  for
conventional and toxic pollutants is presented in  Table  V-28    Both
samplings showed agreement for the presence or absence of most organic
toxic  pollutants,  although there was often a large difference in the
quantitative value indicated.  This is  caused  partly  by  the  batch
nature  of  paint  manufacture and wastewater treatment, and partly by
the essentially random selection of  batches  approximately  one  year
apart.   The  inorganic  toxic pollutants showed tendencies similar to
the organics.
                                 101

-------



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-------
                              SECTION VI

                  SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the BAT review of the paint industry is to evaluate the
occurrence and impact of toxic pollutants,in the untreated and treated
wastewater and sludge streams generated within paint plants.  The list
of toxic pollutants, which represents the focus of  the  program,  was
developed  as a result of the Settlement Agreement.  Appendix A of the
Settlement Agreement lists 65 classes of pollutants to  be  considered
in the BAT revision for 21 industries, which EPA later expanded to 129
particular  compounds.   Appendix  E presents the 129 pollutants which
represent the toxic,  or  "priority",  pollutants  addressed  in  this
study.

The  BAT  review  also  included  the  evaluation  of conventional and
selected  nonconventional  pollutant  parameters.   The   conventional
parameters  included  in  the  study were pH, BOD, oil and grease, and
total suspended solids  (TSS).   Nonconventional  parameters  included
COD, and TOC.

In  addition,  a  number  of  other  nonconventional  parameters  were
evaluated on an incidental basis either  because  their  analysis  had
been included in ICP  (Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma) multiple metal
analysis  (see Appendix D for a detailed explanation of this method) or
because  the parameter is an important element in paint manufacture or
physical-chemical treatment of  paint  wastewater.   These  additional
pollutants  included  aluminum,  barium, boron, calcium, cobalt, iron,
magnesium, .manganese, molybdenum, sodium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and
yttrium.

This section presents the techniques used to identify toxic pollutants
in the paint industry.

METHODOLOGY

Prior to the various EPA studies of  the  paint  industry,  relatively
little  historical data had been developed for toxic pollutants.  Some
limited analyses of inorganic toxic pollutants had been completed, but
for  the  most  part  historical  data  focused  on  conventional  and
nonconventional  pollutants..   The  Agency  established  a  three-step
methodology to develop toxic pollutant data:

    1.   raw materials evaluation;

    2.   industry-wide raw materials survey; and
                                 103

-------
    3.   screening sampling.

Raw Materials Evaluation

By studying the raw materials  of  the  industry.   EPA  was  able  to
establish the distribution of toxic pollutants in paint waste streams.
This is a consequence of the way paint products are produced and paint
wastewater is generated.

Paint  typically  is generally manufactured by blending raw materials;
consequently, no thermodynamic changes occur  (except  for  occasional
heat  of  solution)  and no by-products are formed.  Instead, paint is
made according to predetermined formulae or recipes  without  chemical
reaction or change.  Production of paint plant wastewater is similarly
straightforward.    When   required,   production   tanks   and  other
manufacturing vessels are washed clean of residue  or  clingage  using
water,  caustic, or solvent.  The spent cleaning material thus becomes
laden with the material cleaned put of the tank, which,  in  turn,  is
composed   of   the   raw  materials  making  up  the  paint  product.
Determining the possible toxic pollutants in the waste stream is  thus
a matter of pinpointing the raw materials and toxic pollutants used in
manufacturing paint.

There  are  three  primary  source
information:
                                     of  paint  industry raw materials
    1.    The NPCA Raw Materials Index (8,9,10);

    2.    Information supplied by raw materials vendors; and

    3.    The Colour Index (11) .

The Agency identified 37  toxic  pollutants  as  constituents  of  raw
materials  used  in  paint  manufacture.  Table VI- 1 lists those toxic
pollutants that were identified, and their  occurrence  in  paint  raw
materials.

Raw Materials Survey

The  next  step  in ascertaining the extent of toxic pollutants in the
paint industry was a survey of the industry to determine  the  use  of
specific  raw  materials  associated  with  specific toxic pollutants.
Section G, Raw Materials, of the Data Collection Portfolio   (DCP)  was
designed to obtain this information and was organized according to the
four broad areas of raw materials used in paint manufacture:
                                  104

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                                   TABLE VX-1

                       OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
                            IN PAINT RAW MATERIALS
                                             Occurrence in Raw Materials
   Toxic Pollutant
Pigments    Chemical
s Dyes	Specialties   Resins    Solvents
Antimony
Cadmium
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Asbestos
Phenols
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene,
Isophorone
Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Di-N-Butyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phtheilate
3-3' Dichlorobenzidine
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Methyl Chloride
Methylene Chloride
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
Vinylidine Chloride
1,2,4-Tri chlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2 -Tri ch.lproe thane
Chlorobenzene
1,3-Dichlorppropylene
Pentachlorophenol
1,2-Dichloroibenzene
Di(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
   X
   X
   X
   X
   X
   X

   X
   X
   X
   X
X
X
X
X

X
                 X
                 X
                 X
                 X
                             X
                             X
                             X
                             X.
                             X
                              X
                              X
                              X
                        X
                        X
                        X
                        X
                        X
                        X
                        X
                        X
                        X
                                          X
                                          X
                                          X
                                          X
                                          X
                                          X
                                          X
                                          X
                                          X
 Sources:   8,  9,  10,  11
                                  105

-------
         Pigments and Dyes;
         Chemical Specialties;
         Resins; and
    -    Solvents.

Paw  materials  within  these  areas  were  grouped  according  to the
occurrence  of  toxic  pollutants..   For  example,  all   plasticizers
containing   diethyl  phthalate,  or  all  green  aqueous  dispersions
containing chromium used in paint were grouped.  Within  each  generic
raw  material  designation,  EPA listed the major manufacturers' trade
names as an aid to respondents who might  not  be  familiar  with  the
chemical  constituents  of the raw materials in their products.  Space
also was provided so that respondents could indicate additional  trade
names   for  toxic  pollutant-bearing  raw  materials  used  in  their
products.

The criteria for including raw materials in the DCP were:

    1.   The raw material itself is a toxic pollutant, i.e.,  solvents
         such as benzene, toluene, or chemical specialties such as di-
         n-butyl phthalate or asbestos.

    2.   The raw material is known to contain toxic pollutants,  i.e.,
         white lead, zinc oxide, chrome orange, etc.

    3.   The raw material is commonly thinned with, or contains, toxic
         pollutants that are solvents, i.e., polyamids soluble in,  or
         containing, toluene.

    H.   The raw material is synthesized from other raw materials that
         are   toxic   pollutants,  i.e.,  dichlorobenzidine-  derived
         aqueous dispersions.

Although for the last item listed  above   (raw  materials  synthesized
from  toxic  pollutants)  there  is  no  firm  evidence that the toxic
pollutant is present in the raw material,  these  raw  materials  were
included  because  of the possible carry over of residues of the toxic
pollutant.

Responses to the DCP indicated that all 37 toxic pollutants identified
in the literature review  (8,9,10,11) are used at one time  or  another
in  the  paint  industry.  Since many of the raw materials included in
the DCP can contain more than one  toxic  pollutant,  the  Agency  was
unable  to  obtain unambiguous counts for the occurrence of particular
toxic pollutants.  A conservative approach was taken because of  this.
When  the  DCP response did not indicate clearly which toxic pollutant
was in use, the Agency made two counts - one   including  neither,  one
including  both.   This  gave  a  maximum  and minimum count for toxic
pollutants.  Twenty-eight plants  did  not  check  any  boxes  in  the
                                  106

-------
survey-    It  is  not  clear whether these respondents use none of the
listed  raw  materials  or  whether  they  did  not   fill   out   the
questionnaire  completely.  Finally, within the group of responders to
the raw materials  survey,  it  was  found  that  each  raw  materials
question  was  answered positively at least once.  This indicates that
the  raw  materials  questions  represented  appropriate   paint   raw
materials.   The  range  of  plants  using  raw  materials  containing
particular toxic pollutants appears in Table VI-2.   The  most  common
toxic  pollutants  found  in  paint  raw materials are chromium, zinc,
toluene, and lead.   Eight  of  the  raw  materials  containing  toxic
pollutants were used by more than 400 plants (based on minimum usage),
and 23 raw materials were used by at least 140 plants.

Sampling Program

EPA  designed  the sampling program to generate information that could
characterize the nature,  distribution,  and  concentration  of  toxic
pollutants  in  paint  wastewater  and sludges.  Further, the sampling
program aimed to gather information about  the  efficiency  of  common
end-of-pipe treatment systems not only to remove toxic pollutants, but
to   reduce  the  concentration  of  classical  pollutants..   Detailed
information on sampling and analytical procedures  used  and  specific
data on samples collected are included in Appendix F.

In   selecting  sites  for  sampling,  the  Agenct  looked  for  paint
manufacturing plants that were representative  not  only  of  industry
production  methods  and product lines, but also of wastewater genera-
tion and treatment techniques^  The following criteria  were  used  in
the selection process:

Plant Location

The  logistics  and costs of the anticipated sampling program required
EPA to arrange multiple sampling visits within concentrated industrial
zones..  Table VI-3 summarizes the  distribution  of  paint  plants  in
major  metropolitan  areas.   Paint  plants located within these areas
were given preference in the selection process.

Plant Size

Although very small plants outnumber others in the paint industry, the
Agency decided not to sample at plants with less than  ten  production
workers.   The  rationale  for  this  decision rested on the fact that
small paint plant operations do  not  differ  significantly  from  the
paint  industry  as  a  whole.   Because  paint manufacture is a batch
process, using relatively small mixing vessels, small plants duplicate
large plant operations precisely,  differing  only  in  scale.   Plant
inspection visits confirmed this.
                                 107

-------
                                  TABLE VI-2


                RAW MATERIALS  CONTAINING TOXIC POLLUTANTS
                         USED  BY THE PAINT  INDUSTRY

                    Responders Indicating Usage of Raw Materials Containing
                                                 Pollutants
Toxic
Pollutant 	 No.
Antimony
Cadmium
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Asbestos
Phenol
Mercury
Pentachlorophenol
Vinyl Chloride
Vinylidene Chloride
3,3- Dichlorobenzidene
Di-2 Ethylhexyi
Phthalate
Di-N-butyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Isophorone
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
1,2,4 Trichlorobenzene
1,2 Dichloroethane
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
1,1,2 Trichloroethane
Di-2 Chloroethyl ether
Chloroform
1,2 Dichlorobenzene
1,3 Dichloropropylene
Methylene Chloride
Trichloroethylene
Methyl Chloride
Minimum
. of Plants
166
260
173
1042
833
156
37
250
1020
218
665
627
190
550
*
409
338
354
51
22
66
961
189
175
8
9
3
5
140
10
1
3
8
6
305
77
*
Percent
12.1
18.9
12.6
75.8
60.6
11.4
2.7
18.2
74.2
15.9
48.4
45.6
13.8
40.0
*
29.8
24.6
25.8
3.7
1.6
4.8
69.9
13.8
12.5
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.4
10.2
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.4
22.2
5.6
A
Maximum
No. of Plants
243
312
894
1083
1016
395
37
440
1046
218
765
627
190
563
A A
44
412
338
354
51
22
C.C.
66
998
506
175

9
3
5
140
10
1
3
8
6
305
*n
77
•3 i a
31b
Percent
17.7
22.7
65.1
78.8
73.9
28.7
2.7
32.0
76.1
15.9
55.7
45.6
13.8
41.0
3O
• ^
30.0
24.6
25*8
3*7
. /
1C
. O
4p
• O
*7<*t ^
72.6
36.8
12.5
Ofi
• O
0*7
.7
0.2
0.4
10.2
0*"}
.7
0<*
.1
0*y
• «6
0£L
• O
Oil
.4
22.2
5 C.
. O
23 0

-------
                   TABLE VI-3

          DISTRIBUTION OF PAINT PLANTS
           IN MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS
Metropolitan
	Area	

Los Angeles

New York/New Jersey

Chicago

Cleveland

Miami

San Francisco

Detroit

St. Louis

Atlanta

Dallas

Louisville

Houston
                         Number  of
                        Paint  Plants

                            127

                            101

                            88

                            61

                            49

                            48

                            34

                            28

                            27

                            20

                            20

                            18'
Source:
DCP
                    109

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Wastewater Treatment

Candidate   plants  that  operated  end-of-pipe  wastewater  treatment
systems were given preference in the selection process.  The selection
effort was aimed at choosing  plants  that  encompassed  all  existing
wastewater treatment types.  Raw wastewater loads at these plants were
comparable  to  untreated  wastewater  loads at similar plants without
treatment.

Wastewater Generation

A significant proportion  (40 percent) of the DCP respondents indicated
that they did not discharge any wastewater.   These  plants  fit  into
several categories, including plants using only solvent-wash, complete
wastewater  reuse,  and  contract  hauling  of all wastewater or spent
caustic.  Other plants indicated that they produced or discharged very
little wastewater.   As  a  result,  minimum  wastewater  flow  was  a
sampling  plant  selection  criterion.  Rather than picking a specific
minimum wastewater volume, it  was  decided  to  limit  the  candidate
sampling  plant list to plants that generated enough wastewater within
a one-week period to permit treatment of at  least  one  batch,.   This
criterion  for  selecting  sampling  plants  assured  collection  of a
minimum of one sample during a visit of several days duration.

Historical Data

Some plants indicated that they had taken  wastwater  samples  over  a
period  of  time.   The   data  developed  therefore  could supply some
background or history of  wastewater quality.  Because this  historical
data  could  supply  important  substantiation,  an effort was made to
sample at plants that reported that they had  previously  sampled  and
analyzed their wastewaters.

Toxic Pollutants

As  previously  stated,   a  goal  of  the  raw materials survey was to
provide information about the  distribution  of  toxic  pollutants  in
paint  wastewaters.   The survey established that 37 of the 129 toxic
pollutants could be expected to occur at one time or another in  paint
wastewater.   Consequently,  in  choosing  sampling  plants the Agency
tried to  select operations that utilized raw  materials  containing  a
maximum number of toxic pollutants.

Direct Dischargers

EPA knew  from the outset that practically no paint plants discharged
process wastewaters to  navigable  waters;  nevertheless,  the  Agency
hoped  to  sample  at  least a  few direct dischargers.  Unfortunately,
only a handful of plants, discharging a combined wastewater containing
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only a very small fraction of paint process wastewater  were  located.
These  combined  dischargers  were  judged  to  be  inappropriate  for
sampling.

SELECTION OF SAMPLING PLANTS

The sampled plants were chosen in a step fashion.   Initially,  plants
were  selected if they had indicated on their questionnaires that they
treat or condition their wastewater in some way before disposal.  This
selection yielded a preliminary list containing 153 paint  plants.   A
supplementary  selection  of  plants  treating their wastewater before
reuse yielded an additional 88 preliminary sampling  site  candidates.
Successive  selections  on  the  basis  of  location, size, wastewater
volume and treatment, historical data, and toxic  pollutants  resulted
in  the  final  selection  of  22  paint plants located in eight major
metropolitan areas.  See Section V for  detailed  information  on  the
plants selected for the sampling program.

TOXIC POLLUTANTS

The  toxic pollutants covered in this study may be divided into groups
to facilitate discussion:

         Pesticides
         Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's)
         Phenolic Compounds
         Volatile Organic Compounds
         Semi-volatile Organic Compounds
    -    Inorganic Compounds

The basis for this breakdown is chemical similarities and  methods  of
analysis  within  each group.  Each group's impact on paint wastewater
is discussed in the following sections,

Pesticides and Metabolites

    aldrin
    dieldrin
    chlorodane (technical mixture and metabolites)
    U,4« - DDT
    4,4« - DDE (p,p» DDK)
    1,U' - ODD (p,p« TDE)
    a-endosulfan
    b-endosulfan
    endosulfan sulfate
    endrin
    endrin aldehyde
    heptachlor
    heptachlor epoxide
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    alpha-BHC (hexachlorocylohexane)
    beta-BHC (hexachlorocylohexane)
    gamma-BHC (hexachlorocylohexane)
    delta-BBC (hexachlorocylohexane)
    toxaphene

Pesticides  are  not  part  of  any  raw  materials  used   in   paint
manufacture.   Occasional  use of these materials in some paint plants
for  fumigation  purposes  has  been  reported.   All  occurrences  of
pesticides in paint wastewater samples were at less than 10 pg/l.  out
of  31  untreated  paint  wastewater  samples  analyzed, the following
pesticides occurred once at less  than  10  pg/1:   eildrin,  dieldrin,
14f4'-DDE,  4,4'-ODD,  endrin aldehyde, beta-BHC, gamma-BHC, delta-BHC.
Two pesticides, beta-endosulfan and alpha-BHC occurred twice  each  at
less  than  10  pg/1  in  untreated  paint  wastewater samples.  Of 27
effluent analyses for  these  18  pesticides,  only  three  individual
occurrences   at  less  than  10  /jg/1  were  detected.   These  three
pesticides were 4,4'-DDE,  endrin  aldehyde  and  beta-BHC  In  sludge
samples, aldrin, beta-endosulfan and delta-BHC each occurred in one of
nine  samples  at less than 10 pg/1-  Similarly, in tap water samples,
alpha-BHC, beta-BHC and delta-BHC occurred in only one of 29  samples,
all  at less than 10 ng/l»  Endrin aldehyde was found in two of 29 tap
water samples, but both times at less than 10 M9/1-

PCB's

None of the PCB mixtures included in the toxic pollutant listings were
detected in any sample analyzed during this study.  The raw  materials
evaluation  similarly  did  not  uncover any use of these materials in
paint manufacture.  However, it should  be  noted  that  specific  PCB
compounds may nevertheless be present in paint wastewaters.

The PCB's on the toxic pollutant list are actually mixtures of various
PCB  compounds  ranging from monochlorobiphenyl to octochlorobiphenyl.
As such, a positive identification of a PCB would require  observation
of  a  predetermined  set  of  gas chromatogram peaks with appropriate
relative intensities.  However, various PCB's are  formed  during  the
synthesis of two types of pigments commonly used in paint manufacture:
diarylide and phthalocyanine pigments.  In Appendix E of the Dry Color
Manufacturers  Association comments regarding proposed rules for their
industry  (46), the following evaluation of PCB compounds in  diarylide
and phthalocyanine pigments was presented:

"For   diarylide   pigments,   the   source  of  the  PCB's  is  3,3'-
dichlorobenzidine, or its reaction product, which may undergo cleavage
at  the   (biphenyl)   carbon-to-nitrogen   linkage   to   yield   3,3'
.•iichlorobiphenyl.  Indeed,, this has been identified as the PCB present
in  diarylide  pigments.   In the case of phthalocyanine the source of
PCB is the trichlorobenzene  (TCB) which has for many years  been  used
                                 112

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as  the  solvent  in  the synthesis of the crude.   TCB  is  not the only
solvent which may be used, but it is the  solvent which  has  been   most
widely  used  historically.   It  is  believed  that PCB's form by the
elimination of hydrogen chloride, in the  presence of  copper,  between
two  molecules  of  TCB.   In  the  case  of phthalocyanine blue,  many
different PCB's are present,  since  TCB  is  not   a  chemically   pure
material,  and  contains  some  amounts of dichloro and tetrachloro as
well as trichlorobenzenes, and isomers of each in addition."
Phenolic Compounds

    phenol
    2-chlorophenol
    2,4-dichlorophenol
    p-chlorometacresol
    2,4-dimethylphenol
    2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol
2,4-dinitrophenol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
pentachlorophenol (PCP)
total phenols
Only one phenolic toxic pollutant is used directly as a  raw  material
in  paint manufacture.  That compound is pentachlorophenol  (PCP) which
is used as a preservative  in  some  paint  formulations.   Nearly  14
percent  of the respondents to the Data collection Portfolio indicated
that they used PCP.  other phenolic toxic pollutant compounds are  not
directly  used  in  paint  manufacture,  but  some occurrence of these
materials was expected by virtue of the approximately  50  percent  of
the industry using phenolic resins.

PCP  occurred  in  about 20 percent of all paint untreated and treated
wastewaters analyzed for phenolic compounds.  In influent samples  PCP
ranged  from  less  than 10 pg/1 to 27,000 pg/1 with a median value of
750 jjg/1.  In treated wastewater samples,  PCP  concentrations  ranged
from  less than 10 pg/1 to 485 pg/1.  Four of nine sludge samples were
found to contain PCP.  The median PCP  concentration  for  the  sludge
samples  was  12.5  pg/1-  One of 29 tap water samples contained PCP at
less than 10 pg/1.

Phenol also occurred in 11 of 31 paint wastewater samples.   Untreated
wastewater  levels  ranged  from less than 10 pg/1 to 3800 jjg/1 with a
median of 96 pg/1.  Treated effluent phenol ranged  from  10  pg/1  to
1240  pg/1,  with a median of 36 pg/1.  The median value in sludge was
150
2, 4-dinitr ophenol was found to  occur  in  about  10  percent  of  the
untreated  paint  wastewaters  collected  during the sampling program.
Concentrations of 2, 4-dinitr ophenol  in  untreated  wastewater  ranged
between  110  and 250 Mg/1-  This toxic pollutant was not found in any
effluent sample, but it did occur in two of nine sludge samples.
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4 6-dinitro-o-cresol occurred in one untreated  wastewater  sample  at
less than 10 \iq/~L, but in no other samples.

 ,4,6-trichlorophenol  was  found  in  *wo  of 31 untreated wa8t««ter
pg/l] I -   It was also found in two of 29 tap water samples both
less than 10 pg/1-
                                                                    at
                   ,             -
Smplf iontainea 2 , 4-aichlorophenol ,  but  one of  29 tap   water   samples
contained it at less than 10  pg/1.-

Finally,  2,U-dimethylphenol  occurred in  one of  nine  sludge samples  at
less than 10 Mg/l» but not  in any  other sample-

Total phenols  occurred frequently  in all  waste samples  analyzed during
Jne screening  program.   Untreated  wastewater total P*6™1*^6*^™
less  than  1  Sg/1 to 1,900 Mg/l with an  average of  260 jjg/L.   Treated
er?Lent?otal phenol ran  from 1 Mg/l to  1,900 pg/1  with an average of
193 pg/1.   The average sludge level for total  phenol was 552 Mg/l.

Volatile Organic  Toxic Pollutants

Halomethanes

    bromoform  (tribromomethane)
     carbon  tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
     chloroform (trichloromethane)
     chlorodibromomethane
     dichlorodifluoromethane
     dichlorobromomethane
     methyl  bromide (bromomethane)
     methyl  chloride (chloromethane)
     methylene chloride  (dichloromethane)
     trichlorofluoromethane

 Halomethanes,  consisting of methane  molecules with one  or  more  carbon
 replaced  by a halogen  (chlorine, bromine, etc..) are used  as solvents,
 a1?osol propellants or  for medicinal purposes.   In the  paint   industry
 only  three  of these pollutants, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform  and
 methylSnTchloride werS found to be  raw  materials (used as  solvents)
 Srprelent in wastewater at  any significant concentration  or frequency
 of  occurrence.   Bromoform   and chlorodibromomethane  were detected in
 ?he Sp wa?er at  several plants but  not  in the   Created   or   treated
 wastewater s.   Dichlorobromomethane  was  found in about half of tne  tap
 wa^rJamples, but occurred  in only  one  of   27 untreated wastewater
 samples (27 pg/1) and in no  other  sample.

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Less  than  one  percent  of  the  respondents  to the Data Collection
Portfolio indicated that carbon tetrachloride was used in their  paint
manufacturing operation.  However in nearly one-third of. the untreated
wastewater  samples  analyzed  for  volatile organic pollutants carbon
tetrachloride was found to be present at concentrations  ranging  from
less  than  10 pg/1 to a high of 30,000 pg/1 with a median value of 14
jjg/1-  About 10 percent of the treated  wastewater  samples  contained
carbon  tetrachloride  in  concentrations ranging from less than 10 to
1800 jjg/1.

Similarly  for  chloroform,  whereas  only  0.2  percent  of  the  DCP
respondents indicated usage of the solvent, about half of the volatile
organic  analyses  indicated chloroform in untreated and treated paint
wastewaters.   For  chloroform,  untreated  wastewater  values  ranged
between 16 and 900 pg/1, with a median value of 92 pg/1-

Treated  wastewater  chloroform  values  were  sometimes  higher  than
corresponding untreated wastewater values.  The median  value  was  30
jjg/1.   Chloroform  occurred  at  least as frequently in the tap water
supplied to the sampled plants as in the  wastewater,  but  not  on  a
consistent  enough  basis to be subtracted as a background value.  The
median chloroform level in tap water was 43 M9/1-

Data Collection Portfolio results indicated that over  22  percent  of
the  respondents  use  methylene  chlori.de .in their operations.  About
two-thirds of  all  untreated  wastewater  volatile  organic  analyses
revealed the presence of methylene chloride with a median value of 620
pg/1.   Contamination  of  samples  with  methylene  chloride has been
reported as being a common problem, and in the paint wastewater  data,
contamination appears to have occurred.  For example, the median value
for methylene chloride in treated effluent was 1700 M5/l» considerably
higher   than   untreated  wastewater  levels.   Average  values  were
similarly inconsistent.  A median of 67 pg/1 methylene chloride in tap
water was also detected.

Chlorinated Ethanes

    1,1-dichloroethane
    1,2-dichloroethane
    1,1,1-trichloroethane
    1,1,2-trichloroethane
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
    chloroethane

Three of the six chlorinated  ethanes  which  are  primarily  used  as
solvents  were  identified  as  being  used in paint manufacture.  The
responses to  the  Data  Collection  Portfolio  indicated  that  1,1,1
trichloroethane, 1,2 dichloroethane and 1,1,2 trichloroethane are used
at   10.2   percent,    0.4  percent  and   0.7  percent  of  all  paint
                                  115

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manufacturing sites, respectively,  occurrence of chlorinated  ethanes
in    analyzed   samples   roughly   followed   this   trend.    1/1/1
trichloroethane was detected in more than half of  all  untreated  and
treated  waste samples.   Untreated waste levels ranged from less than
10 pg/1 to 930 pg/1 with  a  median  value  of  76  pg/1-   Similarly,
treated  effluent  levels ran from less than 10 pg/1 to 560 pg/1, with
16 pg/1 for the median.  Seven of nine sludge samples  also  contained
1,1,1  trichloroethane  at concentrations ranging from less than 10 to
3200 pg/1, as did eleven of 29 tap water samples  (median 17 pg/1)-

1,2-dichloroethane was detected in five of the 31 untreated wastewater
samples analyzed for volatile organics.   concentrations  ranged  from
less  than  10 pg/1 to 420 pg/1-  The median untreated waste value was
33 pg/1.  Treated wastewater was found to contain this solvent in four
of 27 samples analyzed.  The treated wastewater levels ranged  between
less  than 10 pg/1 to 170 pg/1-  This solvent was also detected in one
sludge sample out of nine analyzed at 17 pg/1-

Analyses for 1,1,2-trichloroethane were also positive in  five  of  31
untreated  wastewater  samples  analyzed  for  volatile  organic toxic
pollutants.  Only two of these analyses yielded values above  10  jig/1
with  the  maximum at 2,800 pg/1.  Four of 27 treated effluent samples
were found to contain 1,1,2-trichloroethane  at   levels  ranging  from
less  than 10 pg/1 to 2100 pg/1-  This solvent was not detected in any
of the nine sludge samples that were analyzed for it, but it was found
in two of 29 tap water samples.
1,1-dichloroethane was  found  in two of  31 untreated paint
 (median  11   pg/1)  and in two of  27  effluent  samples,  but
analyzed samples-
wastewaters
in no other
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane  also  occurred  at  low levels   in   two   of   31
untreated wastewater  samples  and two  of  nine  sludge  samples but  not  in
any   effluent  samples.   It did  occur  in  one of 29  tap  water samples  at
less  than 10 pg/1.

Chloroethane was  found  once in  an  effluent  sample  at  less than   10
pg/1.

Aromatic Solvents

    benzene
    toluene  (methylbenzene)
    ethylbenzene

The   three aromatic solvents  designated  as  toxic pollutants are  common
raw materials  used throughout the  paint  industry,   although  some  are
used   more extensively  than others.   These  materials are not only used
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 in paint  formulations and  as   cutting   solvents
 paint, but  also  as  solvents for  clean  up.
for  resins  used  in
Roughly  70  percent  of  all   Data   Collection   Portfolio respondents
indicated on the raw materials  survey that they use  toluene or  toluene
containing  raw  materials   in  their  plants.    The  median   toluene
concentration  in  untreated wastes  analyzed  for  aromatic  solvents  was
2500 jig/1..  Twenty- seven, out of 31 untreated  wastewater  samples  were
found  to  contain  toluene.  Similarly,  21 out of 27  treated effluent
samples were found to contain toluene with a  median  value  of 990  ng/1
and eight out of nine sludge samples  contained the solvent.  Ten of 29
tap water samples contained  toluene  at  low levels  (median  less  than 10
Ethylbenzene, although less common as a raw material, was  found  almost
as  frequently  as  toluene  in  paint  wastewaters.  Ethylbenzene was
detected in 25 of  31  untreated  wastewater  samples  analyzed.   The
maximum  concentration in these samples was 112,800 pg/1 with a  median
of 1300 pg/1.  The median concentration in 18 of 27  treated  effluent
samples  was  520 pg/l and eight out of nine sludge samples were found
to contain the solvent.  Ethylbenzene was also measured in about  ten
percent of the tap water samples.

Benzene  is  the  least frequently utilized aromatic solvent with only
4.8 percent of the DCP respondents indicating it on the raw  materials
survey.   Nevertheless,  18  of  31  untreated wastewater  samples were
found to contain the solvent.  The median untreated  wastewater  level
was  370 Mg/1-  Half of the treated effluents contained benzene  with a
median of 307 ».ig/l-  Five of nine sludges contained  the   solvent,  as
did about one-third of the analyzed tap water samples.

Chloroalkyl Ethers

    di (chloromethyl)  ether
    2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

These  two  materials which are used in pharmaceutical manufacture are
not used in the paint industry, nor were they detected in  any analyzed
sample.

Dichloropropane and Dichloropropylene

    1, 2-dichloropropane
    1, 3-dichloropropylene

Neither of these two solvents which are used as dry cleaning agents or
soil fumigants were identified as raw  materials  used  in  the  paint
industry.    However, 1, 2-dichloropropane was found in about 10 percent
of  the  untreated  and  treated  wastewaters  analyzed  for  volatile
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organics.   1,3-dichloropropylene  was  found in one untreated and one
treated waste sample at 100 and 44 ng/1, respectively.

Chlorinated Ethylenes

    vinyl chloride
    1,1-dichloroethylene
    1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
    trichloroethylene
    tetrachloroethylene

Tetrachloroethylene is a common solvent used as  a  degreaser  or  dry
cleaning  fluid.   Although  not  identified as a raw material used in
paint manufacture, 18 of 31 untreated wastewater samples were found to
contain tetrachloroethylene.  The range of concentrations in untreated
wastewater was from less than 10 jig/I to 4900 pg/1 with a median value
of 175 Mg/1-  Tetrachloroethylene was found in about one-third of  the
treated  effluent  samples  (maximum: 700 /jg/1;, median: 35 jjg/1) , five
of nine sludge samples, and five of 29 tap water samples.

More than five percent of the Data  collection  Portfolio  respondents
indicated that trichloroethylene is used in their operations, and more
than  half  of  the untreated wastewater samples analyzed for volatile
organics were found to contain this solvent (range: less than 10  pg/1
to  250  Mg/1;  median: 23 pg/1)..  Eight of 27 treated samples contain
the solvent (median: 14 pg/1)/ as did six of nine sludge  samples  and
five of 29 tap water samples-

Two  other  chlorinated ethylenes, 1,1-dichloroethylene and 1,2-trans-
dichloroethylene  were  found  in  paint   wastewater   although   not
identified in the raw materials desktop evaluation.  Median values for
1,1-dichloroethylene  in  untreated and treated paint wastewaters were
23 and 11  pg/1,  respectively.   About  15  percent  of  the  samples
contained this material.  Median values for 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
in  untreated  and  treated  paint  wastewaters  were 135 and 27 pg/l,
respectively.  This material was found in less than 10 percent of  the
untreated  wastewater  samples  and in about 20 percent of the treated
wastewater samples.  Neither of these materials occurred in any sludge
samples analyzed for volatiles, but 1,1-dichloroethylene did occur  at
low concentrations in about one-third of the tap water samples.

Vinyl  chloride was expected to occur in paint wastewater by virtue of
the fact that about 40 percent of the DCP respondents  indicated  that
they  use  polyvinylchloride (PVC) resins.  Although vinyl chloride is
the monomer used in polymerization of PVC, no paint wastewater samples
were found to contain this toxic pollutant. .
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Miscellaneous  Volatile  Organics

     acrolein
     acrylonitrile
     chlorobenzerie

Acrolein  was   riot   identified  as  a  raw  material  used  in   paint
manufacture.    A  single   untreated  waste sample was found to contain
less than 10 pg/1 of this  toxic pollutant.

Chlorobenzene  is a  chemical  intermediate used in production of phenol,
aniline and DDT.  It is also a solvent indicated by 0. 7 percent of the
respondents to the  Data Collection Portfolio as being  used  in  their
paint  plants.  Four out of  31 untreated wastewater samples were found
to contain chlorobenzene  (median 56 jjg/1) .   Two of nine sludge samples
were found to  contain chlorobenzene (12 and 340 jjg/1) ,  but it was only
detected once  in either effluent or tap water samples,  both  times  at
less than 10
No  incidence  of  the use of  acrylonitrile in paint manufacture or in
paint wastewatezr was uncovered.

Semi-Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants

Polynuclear Aroma-tics  (PNA*s)

    acenaphthene
    acenaphthylene
    anthracene
    1, 2-benzanthracene
    3, 4 -benz of luoranthene
    11, 12-benzof luoranthene
    benzo  (a) pyrene
    1, 12-benzoperylene
    crysene
    1, 2 , 5, 6-dibenzanthracene
    fluorene
    f luoranthene
    indeno- (1,2,3 -cd)  pyrene
    naphthalene
    phenanthrene
    pyrene

With the exception of naphthalene,  little  significant  incidence  of
polynuclear  aromatics  was  found in paint wastewater, nor are  any of
these materials used as raw materials in the industry.

Naphthalene was detected in nine of 31  untreated  wastewater  samples
(range:  -less  than  10  pg/1  to  18,000  pg/1,  median:  54   Mg/1.)
                                 119

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Similarly, eight of 27 treated effluent samples contained naphthalene.
(Range: less than 10 pg/1 to 1830 jjg/1; median 13 pg/1) -  Four of nine
sludge samples also contained naphthalene  (median: 202 pg/1).

Fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene and anthracene were found once each  in
untreated   paint  wastewaters  at  less  than  10  jjg/1.   Similarly,
acenaphthene,  anthracene  and  phenanthrene  occurred  once  each  in
treated  effluent  samples at less than 10 pg/1-  Anthracene was found
twice in sludge samples (less than 10 and 410 H9/1) and low levels  of
3,4-benzofluoranthene,    11,12-benzofluoranthene,    anthracene   and
fluoranthene were detected in several tap water samples.

Chlorobenzenes

    1,2-dichlorobenzene
    1,3-dichlorobenzene
    1,4-dichlorobenzene
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
    hexachlorobenz ene

With the exception of a single occurrence of hexachlorobenzene in  one
of  31  untreated  wastewater  samples   (92 pg/1) no chlorobenzene was
detected in any sample obtained during the screening sampling program.
As a result of the raw materials' survey, two of these  compounds  were
found  to  be  used  as  solvents  in the paint industry-  These toxic
pollutants are  1,2-dichlorobenzene  which  0.. 6  percent  of  the  DCP
respondents  said  they  use  and  1,2,4-trichloroebenzene  which  0.2
percent of the respondents indicated as in use at their plants,

Phthalate Esters

    di  (2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate
    butyl benzyl phthalate
    di-n-butyl phthalate
    di-n-octyl phthalate
    diethyl phthalate
    dimethyl phthalate

Phthalate  esters  are   synthetic   compounds   used   primarily   as
p.lasticizers..   In  the  paint industry, several phthalate esters were
indicated as in use by varying percentages of DCP respondents: di   (2-
ethylhexyl)   phthalate,  24.6  percent;  di-n-butyl  phthalate,  25.8
percent; dimethyl  phthalate,  3-7  percent;  diethyl  phthalate,  1.6
percent.  All of the phthalate ester toxic pollutants were detected at
least once during the screening sampling program.  As indicated by the
DCP  responses, di  (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,  and di-n-butyl phthalate
occurred most frequently in paint wastewater.  The first of these,  di
(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate  was  found  in eleven of 31 untreated waste
samples  (range:  less than 10 pg/1 to  2810 pg/1;  median:  140  jjg/1) -
                                  120

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In  ten  of  27  treated wastewater samples the range was less than 10
)jg/l to 160 pg/l with a median of  10  pg/l.   Eight  of  nine  sludge
samples  contained  di   (2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate  (range: less than 10
jjg/1 to 1,940 pg/l; median: 215 pg/l).

Di-n-butyl phthalate was  found  in  19  of  31  untreated  wastewater
samples.   The  concentration  range in these samples was between less
than 10 fjg/1 to 69,000 pg/l with a median of 259 pg/l.  Twelve  of  27
treated  wastewater samples contained di-n-butyl phthalate.  The range
was less than 10 pg/l to 1,300 pg/l with a  median  of  less  than  10
pg/l.   Similarly,  five  of  nine sludge samples contained di-n-butyl
phthalate  (range: less than 10 pg/l to 17,750 pg/l; median: 70 pg/l)•

Butyl benzyl phthalate also occurred fairly often in paint  wastewater
samples.   This  pollutant  was  found  in  about  10  percent  of all
untreated wastewater samples   (range:  less  than  10  to  1800  pg/l;
median:  44  pg/l) » in about one fifth of the treated effluent samples
and in nearly half of the sludge samples  (median: 1412 pg/l).

Diethyl phthalate also occurred in about one-tenth  of  the  untreated
wastewater   (range:  less  than  10  to 680 pg/l) and treated effluent
samples.  One-third of the analyzed sludge samples  contained  diethyl
phthalate.

Since all but two of the plants covered by the screen sampling program
were  samples  using grab sampling techniques, the impact of phthalate
ester contamination due to contact with sampler tubing was minimized.

Haloethers

    di  (2-chloroethyl) ether
    di  (2-chloroisopropyl) ether
    di  (2-chloroethyoxy) methane
    4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
    4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether

The haloethers are synthetically produced chemical intermediates  that
are  sometimes  used  as  solvents.   Only  one  of the haloethers was
identified as being used in the  paint  industry,  di   (2-chloroethyl)
ether.   However,  only  0.1  percent of the DCP respondents indicated
that they used this material.

Of the 31 untreated paint wastewaters analyzed there were  only  three
single  occurrences  of  haloethers:  4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether  (266
jjg/1) ,  di   (2-chloroisopropyl)  ether   (3200    pg/l)   and   di    (2-
chloroethyoxy) methane  (less than 10  pg/l).  A single occurrence of di
(2-chloroethyoxy)  methane  in  an  effluent sample  (16 pg/l) was also
found.
                                  121

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                           materials
                           screening
Nitrosamines

    N-nitrosodimethylamine
    N-nitrosodiphenylamine
    N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

No incidence of nitrosamine toxic pollutants in  paint  raw
has  been  found  in  the  literature.   Additionally,  the
sampling program did not detect any of these materia1s-

Nitro-Substituted Aromatics Other than Phenols

    nitrobenzene
    2,4-dinitrotoluene
    2,6-dinitrotoluene

Dinitrotoluenes are chemical  intermediates  used  in  the  production  of
TNT.   No  evidence of the use of these  compounds in paint manufacture
was found during the raw materials evaluations.

Although not identified as a  paint   raw material,  nitrobenzene  was
measured  in three of 31 untreated wastewater samples,  concentrations
ranged from less than 10 *ig/l to 180  Mg/l with a median of   110  pg/1.
A single  treated  wastewater  sample was  found to contain  35 \iq/± ot
nitrobenzene.

Benzidine Compounds

    benzidine
    3,3«-dichlorobenzidine

Benzidine compounds are used  primarily in   the   manufacture   of  dyes.
Benzidine   itself  was not  identified as a  paint raw material,nor was
 it detected   in any   samples.    However,   3,3«-dichlorobenzidine   was
 identified  as a raw  material used in the manufacture  of  many pigments
 and dyes used  in paint.   Additionally,  about 30   percent   of  the   DCP
 respondents   said  they use  dichlorobenzidine derived  dyes or pigments.
 Although  it was suspected that this  material might  carry  over  as  a
 contaminant   in pigments   or dyes used in  paint,  it  was  found in  only
 one of  31 untreated paint wastewaters at less than  10  pg/1-

 Miscellaneous  Semi-Volatile Organic Toxic  Pollutants

     1,2 diphenylhydrazine
     hexachloroethane
    hexachlorobutadiene
     hexachlorocyclopentadiene
     2-chloronaphthalene
     isophorone
122

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    2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibcnzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

These  materials  are  used  primarily   as   solvents   or   chemical
intermediates.   TCDD is a by-product produced during the synthesis of
the pesticide 2,1,5-T.  Of the miscellaneous  semi-volatile  organics,
only  one, isophorone, was identified as in use in paint manufacturing
operations.  Used as a solvent, 12.5 percent of  the  DCP  respondents
indicated  isophorone on the raw materials survey.  Although not found
in any untreated  wastewater  sample,  isophorone  was  found  in  two
treated  wastewater  samples   (median:  113  pg/1)-   Additionally, 2-
chloronaphthalene was found in one untreated wastewater sample at less
than 10 pg/1, as did 1,2 diphenylhydrazine occur  once  in  a  treated
effluent at less than 10 pg/1-

Inorganic Toxic Pollutants

    antimony                 lead
    arsenic                  mercury
    asbestos                 nickel
    beryllium                selenium
    cadmium                  silver
    chromium                 thallium
    copper                   zinc
    cyanide

Although  15.9  percent of the DCP respondents indicated that they use
asbestos or asbestos-containing raw materials, no  analyses  for  this
toxic pollutant were run.  It is probable that asbestos would be found
in  paint  wastewater  but,  because  of the absence of an appropriate
analytical method at the time of the sampling program, no samples were
collected for asbestos analysis.

Six inorganic toxic pollutants,  chromium,  copper,  mercuryf  nickel,
lead  and  zinc  were  both found to be contained in commonly used raw
materials and to occur at  relatively  high  concentrations  in  paint
wastewater.   For  each  of  these toxic pollutants, average untreated
wastewater concentrations were  above  1,000  ng/1-   Average  treated
effluent values were above 600 jjg/1..

Some  of  the  remaining  inorganic  toxic pollutants are contained in
common paint raw materials,  but  none  of  the  untreated  wastewater
samples  were found to contain average concentrations greater than 525
Mg/1  for  any  of  these  pollutants.   No  treated  effluent  sample
concentrations were above 200 pg/1.

Average  concentrations  of  cyanide  in  paint  untreated and treated
wastewaters and sludges were 73, 51, and 1,261 pg/1, respectively.
                                 123

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Conventional Pollutant Parameters

Four conventional pollutant parameters  (BOD, TSS, oil
pH)  were  measured  in paint wastewaters and sludges
?he sampling program.   BOD  concentrations  averaged  9,900
untreated  paint  wastewaters,  5,300  mg/1 in treated wastewaters and
25 000  mg/1  in  sludge  samples.    For   TSS,   average   untreated
wastewaters.  Seated wastewater and sludge sample concentrations were
SESoo, 2,000 and 101,000,  respectively.   For  oil  and  *:««?  «£
average  raw wastewater level was  1,200 mg/1 with the treated effluent
averaging 230 mg/1 and the resulting sludge averaging 7,600 mg/1.  The
median pH value in untreated paint wastewater samples was 8.

Nonconventional Pollutant Parameters

Among the nonconventional pollutant  parameters  analyzed  during  the
screening  program,  a  number  of  materials and  reagents used in paint
manufacture and paint wastewater treatment  were measured.   ?lemen^
foSnd  in  paint  wastewater  treatment that  were  measured included
aluminum, calcium,  iron  and  sodium.   Average  ™fe*^  ^ewater
concentrations for  these elements  ranged between 391 and 271,000
SncStrations  of   these  materials  often increased across Ph
chemical treatment  systems.   Other  inorganic   ™nconven^°nal
oollutant average influent concentrations ranged between 107.Mg/1 to a
high   of   nearly   17  mg/1   for titanium.    The  most   significant
nonconventional  pollutant  parameter   observed  was  COD.   COD   was
measured in influent,  effluent, and sludge  samples, at average level  of
56,000 mg/1,  21,000 mg/1 and  187,000 mg/1 respectively.
                                   124

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                             SECTION VII

                   CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

The  vast majority of paint plants that discharge wastewater discharge
to  municipal   sewage   systems.    Consequently,   the   degree   of
sophistication  of  wastewater  control and treatment often depends on
the restrictions applied by the municipal system.  Paint  plants  thus
vary widely in the amount, characteristics, handling, and treatment of
their  process  wastewater.   The following paragraphs discuss some of
these  factors,  as  well  as  the  practice  of  various   wastewater
management and treatment alternatives.

IN-PLANT WASTEWATER CONTROL STRATEGIES

There  are  two widely used general strategies for reducing the amount
of wastewater that all paint plants discharge to the environment.  The
first is to reduce the amount of wastewater,  and  the  second  is  to
reuse  as  much  wastewater  as  possible within plant processes.  The
amount of wastewater generated is influenced  by  the  water  pressure
used for tank and equipment cleaning, the degree of cleaning required,
the  use  of dry cleaning techniques, etc.  Some of these factors have
been discussed in Section V (see Table V-2).

Wastewater Reduction

Some paint plants already utilize  methods  to  reduce  overall  water
usage.   The  amount  of  water  required to clean a paint tank can be
reduced by cleaning the tank walls with a squeegee or  rag,  prior  to
rinsing  with  water.   The  quantity of wastewater from tank cleaning
also can be reduced by the use  of  high-pressure  water.   There  are
several  commercial  systems available which consist of booster pumps,
flow regulators, and nozzles;  these supply low  volume,  high-pressure
water  sprays which clean tanks as well or better than hand-held hoses
using city water pressure, in a shorter time, with less water.

A typical tank cleaning method may consist of using a garden hose with
40 to 60 psi water for a ten minute rinse of  a  15,000  liter  (4,000
gallon)   mixing  tank.  This procedure can generate up to 1,100 liters
(300 gallons)  of wastewater.  The use of a high-pressure (1200 to 1500
psi), low volume (19 liters per minute) spray system on the same  tank
after  it  has been scraped clean of excess paints, will generate only
110 to 190 liters (30 to 50 gallons) of water.  The  lower  volume  of
wastewater   also  will  have  a  higher  solids  content,  which  can
facilitate its recycle into subsequent batches of  paint.   The  basic
equipment  for a high-pressure, low volume wash system includes:  a 19
liter per minute (5 gal/m)  pump,  high-pressure  hoses,  nozzles,  one
inch  piping,   and the necessary fittings and connectors.  The cost of
                                 125

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such a system for various size paint plants  is  detailed  in  Section
VIII.   A  spray  pressure  of  1200  to 1500 psi achieves the maximum
cleaning efficiency while still maintaining a  margin  of  safety  for
plant  personnel-   Hand-held  wand  nozzles,  as  well as large fixed
whirling nozzles, are both available  for  tank  cleaning.   The  wand
nozzles  also  can  be  adapted for other cleaning operations within a
paint plant, such as filling equipment clean up.   A  permanent  high-
pressure  wash  system  with  enough  outlets  to  service  the  whole
production area can be installed  at  larger  paint  plants.   Smaller
plants  can  use portable high-pressure pumps with flexible hoses that
can be moved from spot to spot.

As discussed in Section V, the DCP responses indicate some correlation
between water pressure and the  amount  of  water  required  for  tank
cleaning.  This cross tabulation is shown in Appendix C.

Another  in-plant  control  measure  used  by  paint  plants to reduce
wastewater is the sealing or elimination of floor drains and trenches.
Plants that have no drains must collect  all  tank  and  filling  area
rinse  water  (unless  it is piped to the treatment system or disposal
point) which may encourage them to reduce the volume of water used for
each purpose.  Spills must be picked up  with  shovels  or  squeegees;
floors  usually  are  mopped,  vacuumed, or cleaned by machine.  Where
floor trenches exist,  there  is  a  greater  tendency  to  hose  down
equipment  and  floors,  leading  to  greater  water  consumption  and
wastewater generation.

Good housekeeping procedures can significantly affect total wastewater
volume.  According to the SRI report, about one-third  of  the  plants
surveyed  in  1972  reduced  wastewater  either  by  recycling  or  by
conservation through the use of high-pressure nozzles,  self-contained
tank washers, or other methods.  In several small plants  (less than 50
employees),  clean up wastewater ranged from 0.02 to 0.23 liters/liter
(gal/gal) of paint.  These plants, production equipment  and  cleaning
facilities   were   nearly  identical.   The  ten-fold  difference  in
wastewater volume shows the effect of water conservation practices.  A
comparison of two large plants of nearly equal  capacity  showed  that
one discharged 0,. 86 liters of waste per liter  (gal/gal) of product and
the  second  discharged  0.08  liters  of waste per liter (gal/gal) of
product.

Data  presented  in  Table  V-8  confirms  the  still  wide  range  of
wastewater  generation from plant to plant.  These data were confirmed
by recent paint plant inspections, as evidenced in Table  V-18.   Many
plants  clean  tanks  by allowing a worker to hold a free-running hose
for an indeterminate length of time, while other plants  ration  clean
up  water  by either volume or time. It was also observed that several
paint plants have negated the need for occasional caustic  rinsing  of
                                  126

-------
their water-base paint tanks by the use of very high-pressure  (1000 to
2000 psi)  water or steam cleaning on a periodic basis.

Wastewater Recycle

Although  most paint plants produce a wide variety of paint colors and
finishes,  many plants' production consists of predominantly white  and
off-white  batches.   Good practice, already in use at some plants, is
to segregate white paint production as much as possible, and to  reuse
the  wastes  from each batch in the subsequent batch.  Use of the same
tank  for  the  subsequent  batch  makes   the   wash-down   operation
unnecessary and precludes the production of wastewater.  Plants with a
high  ratio  of  white  to color paint production, and with sufficient
production equipment can segregate white paint production;  and  reuse
the  residue  in  the  subsequent  batch.   This  also  is possible in
isolated cases where a plant makes a large amount of any  given  paint
color in a short period of time;.

Even  where plants cannot dedicate tanks to a single product, the same
recycle opportunities arise from scheduling batches  of  the  same  or
similar  products back to back in the same tank.  The rinse water from
the first batch remains in the tank and is used in the next  batch  as
part  of  the  formulation,  reducing  raw  material  requirements and
avoiding disposal costs.

When paint plants cannot immediately reuse paint rinse water,  several
recycling  methods  are  available..   Some  plants  collect  all paint
wastewater in drums or tanks, label it by color and base, and reuse it
in  the  next  compatible  batch   (similar  or  darker  color) .   This
wastewater  may  need treatment with a biocide, and is usually used as
soon as possible.  Paint companies have had different experiences with
spoilage,   some plants will not use wastewater more than  a  few  days
old,  while  others claim to have used biocide-treated wastewater with
satisfactory results several months or more after collection.  Several
paint companies are reluctant to reuse wastewater at all, pointing out
that the economic losses from a spoiled. 6,000 or 10,000  gallon  paint
batch  are  very  large,  compared  with  the  disposal costs of a few
hundred gallons  of  wastewater.   A  recall  of  spoiled  paint  from
retailers could make economic losses even more severe,

A flow diagram of one simple wastewater recycle system is presented in
Figure  VII-1.   This system consists of three holding tanks for three
types of paint.  Wastewater from  a  mix  tank  is  pumped  through  a
manifold  to the appropriate holding tank.  Each time a batch of paint
is manufactured, as much wastewater as possible from  the  appropriate
holding  tank  is  pumped  back.   The costs for such a system will be
discussed in Section VIII.  Plants with large product lines will  have
difficulty  recycling some of their infrequently manufactured products
that are not compatible with other paints.  Experience has shown  that
                                 127

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                                                 a: /:
                                               MHO
                                               WHO.
                                               o
128

-------
 even  plants   with "complete"  recycle may at times contract haul  10 to
 50  percent  of  their  wastewater  once  it  spoils  or  is  otherwise
 unsuitable  for reuse.

 Paint   plants   that practice caustic rinsing of tanks also can recycle
 some of their  rinse water.   As discussed in Section  v,  most  caustic
 rinse   systems  recycle the  caustic cleaning solution.   The subsequent
 water  rinse should be reused to the greatest extent possible  to   make
 up   caustic  solution  lost  by evaporation.   Package caustic cleaning
 systems that incorporate complete or potential recycle of rinse  water
 are available  from  various  venders.   High-pressure rinses following
 caustic cleaning reduce wastewater generation.

 Another technique   for  reusing  paint   wastewater  is   to  treat  the
 wastewater by  physical-chemical precipitation or some other method and
 reuse   the rinse water for subsequent paint batches or as rinse water.
 The effluent from  good physical-chemical treatment systems usually  is
 colorless  and  low  in suspended solids and oil and grease.   Treating
 rinse   waters   prior  to reuse  does,   however,   remove  economically
 valuable solids.                         .                             *

 The^DCP data representative  of 1977 operations  show an  increase in the
 incidence  of   reuse  or recycle.   Eight hundred fifty-one respondents
 indicated that they used a water rinse,  and an  analysis ' of  the   tank
 cleaning  and   wastewater recycle  procedures  used by  these plants  is
 presented in Table  VII-1.  of  this group,  76  percent  of  the plants
 usually clean  their   tanks   between  batches,   and 13 percent of the
 plants  always  reuse their wastewater in  subsequent batches of  paints.
 Over  57  percent of the plants  reuse wastewater in subsequent batches
 at  least occasionally.   The  number  of   plants   always   reusing  their
 wastewater  is   greatest among plants whose production  is concentrated
 in  few  products.  Twenty-two percent of  the plants   which  produce  90
 percent or more  of  white or  tint-base paint always  recycle rinse  water
 into  product, while 25  percent  of plants  producing 90  percent or more
 water-base paints always recycle.   Of  the  small   group   (76   plants)
 which  concentrate   both in   white   or  tint-base paint and water-base
 paints  (90 percent  or more of  both)  29 percent   always  recycle  their
 rinse  water.    In  contrast, of plants producing  90  percent or  more of
 color paint, who may be  expected to  have a  broader  product mix, only 8
 percent  always  recycle  their  rinse   water  into  subsequent   paint
 batches.                                                          ^

 Small  paint  plants  are  far  more likely than large plants to reuse
their wastewater as part  of product  formulation,  of the  plants  with
under 20 employees,  38 percent reuse the rinse water in product always
or  most  of the time, whereas only  17 percent of plants with over 100
employees use spent wash water in subsequent paint batches.  Only  1 1
percent  of  the  large plants indicated reusing wastewater in product
                                 129

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all  of the time versus  16 percent  of  small  plants  and  13
all  plants that use a water rinse.
percent  of
Plants  that  reuse wastewater to  rinse tanks  and equipment  follow the
same general trends as those that  reuse   it  in   the   product.    Small
plants  are  more  likely  to  practice recycle than  large plants,  and
plants  producing  water-base  paints  recycle more   often  than  the
industry-wide  average.  Plants which produce  90  percent  or  more  white
paint, as expected, reuse  their   wastewater   for rinsing   more   than
plants  producing  various  pigmented  products.   These  data also are
presented in Table VII-1.

There is a trend in the  paint  industry,  in  part   prompted  by  air
pollution regulations, to replace  some solvent-base paint applications
with  water-base  products.   This will lead to an overall increase in
wastewater  from  the  paint  industry,   and   may complicate  recycle
programs,  since  industrial  water-base  coatings may   not be  fully
compatible with trade sales products.  However, the paint industry has
demonstrated that management attention to water use within   the   plant
can  reduce  wastewater  volume  and  find  potential uses  for   this
wastewater.

WASTEWATER DISPOSAL

Almost all paint plants that discharge process wastewater are indirect
dischargers.  The disposal  methods  utilized  by paint  plants   were
indicated on the DCP responses, and are presented in  Table VII-2..   The
most  common  methods  are  discharge  to  a   sewer,  contract hauling,
evaporation, and landfill or impoundment.  Only   13   plants  indicated
discharging  paint  process wastewater directly to a  receiving stream.
Follow-up with these plants, however, showed that most  actually   were
not  direct  dischargers.   Several respondents had misinterpreted the
question, others discharged only noncontact cooling water, and several
were part of a multi-industry plant complex that  discharged  directly.
In  the last case, paint process waste was always less than  10 percent
of the total plant wastewater volume, and was  less than 1 percent at
several plants.

Sixty-eight  plants  indicated  the discharge of  wastewater to a  storm
sewer, which can be considered a form of direct   discharge.   However,
of  the  68  plants,   26  discharge to both sanitary  and  storm sewers,
making it probable  that  process  wastewater  is  restricted  to   the
sanitary  sewer.    Ten  plants  utilize  contract  hauling  of process
wastewater along with discharge to the storm sewer, and it   is  likely
that  only cooling water is discharged to the storm sewer.  About half
of the plants that indicated their only disposal method was  discharge
to  the  storm  sewer  were  surveyed by telephone.  Among this group,
several plants discharge only noncontact cooling water  or  stormwater
runoff  to  the  storm  sewer,   and only two plants dispose of process
                                 131

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                                   TABLE VII-2




                          WASTEWATER DISPOSAL METHODS







                                     All Plants
Plants Using Waterwash
Number of
Disposal Method
Complete Pause
Partial Reuse
Evaporation
Discharge to City Sewer
Discharge to Storm Sewer
Discharge to Receiving Stream
Impoundment on Plant Property
Incineration
Contract Hauling
Landfilled
Well or Septic Tank
Spray Irrigation
Plants*
88
262
125
475
68
13
87
5
271
107
13
8
Percent of
Total
6.4
19.1
9fl
34.6
4.9
0,9
6.3
0.4
19.7
7.8
0.9
0.6
Number of
Plants
82
242
105
363
51
13
82
2
239
97
10
7
Percent of
Total
9.6
28.4
12.3
42.7
6.0
1.5
9.6
0.2
28.1
11.4
1.2
0.8
*  Some plants indicated multiple disposal methods.




Source: DCP
                                        132

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wastewater in this manner.  The majority of plants misinterpreted  the
question  and  actually  discharge to the sanitary sewer.  In summary,
there are six known manufacturing sites  that  can  be  considered  as
exclusively  or  primarily engaged in paint manufacture that discharge
process waste on a regular basis directly to a receiving stream.

Plants  with  wastewater  treatment  often  generate  a  sludge  which
requires  disposal  by contract hauling-  Other plants dispose of some
or all of their untreated  process  wastewater  by  contract  hauling.
Other  common  disposal  methods  included trucking to landfill by the
plant, and storage on plant property.  Incineration, reclamation,  and
other disposal methods were mentioned by just a few plants,

Most  contract haulers used by paint plants dispose of the sludge in a
landfill, although a small number incinerate or reclaim it.   Nineteen
percent of all paint plants did not know what the contract hauler does
with their waste.

Another  potential  source  of  waste  from the paint industry is off-
specification paint batches, or other nonsuitable or returned product.
Most plants attempt to rework this paint into other products  to  save
as  much  of the raw materials as possible.  Other plants sell or give
the material to scavengers for reclaiming, or  sell  the  paint  as  a
lower  quality  material at reduced prices.  The methods, used by paint
plants for handling off-spec batches of paint are presented  in  Table
VII-3.  This waste source  usually is not discharged as a wastewater..

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

The   methods  used  by  paint  plants  for  treating  or  pretreating
wastewater prior to disposal are shown in Table VII-4.   Some  type  of
wastewater treatment is used by 355 plants.  The most common treatment
methods  are  settling  and clarification, gravity separation  (with or
without chemical addition), and  neutralization.   Few   plants  employ
biological  treatment for paint wastes, and those that do usually have
a combined treatment plant for wastes from other plant operations.  No
paint  plants  use  advanced  wastewater  treatment  methods  such  as
activated  carbon  or  ultra filtration..   Of the plants that discharge
their wastewater  to  a  municipal  sewer,  approximately  40  percent
pretreat  their  waste  prior  to disposal.  Only 208 plants indicated
that  the  local  municipality  or  sewage  authority  limited   their
discharges  by an industrial waste ordinance, but 413 plants said that
the municipality required  sewer  use  charges  or  surcharges.   Two-
hundred  six  plants  indicated  that  the  municipality sampled their
wastewater and 105 plants were required to  sample  their  own  waste-
water.   To  discharge  to  the  city sewer, 137 plants  need a permit.
Although most municipalities prohibit the discharge of solvents to the
sewers, 13 paint plants indicated  that  they  discharge  their  spent
solvents  to  the  sewer-   Ninety-one  plants discharge spent caustic
                                  133

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                                 TABLE VII-3





                     HANDLING OF OFF-SPECIFICATION PAINT
          Method




          Reworked  into  Other Products




          Sold to Scavenger




          Given to  Scavenger




          Pay Scavenger  to Remove




          Sold at Reduced Price




          Landfilled




          Discharged with Wastewater




          Reclaimed by Plant for Solvent




          Incinerated
*
Number of Plants
1074
192
182
34
29
26
17
t 8
5
Percent of
Industry
78.2
14.0
13.2
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.2
0.6
0.4
           *  Some Plants Indicated Multiple Answers.




Source:  DCP
                                   134

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                                  TABLE VII-4

                        WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS
    Treatment .Method

    Neutralization

    Filtration

    Evaporation

    Flotation

    Activated Sludge

    Trickling Filtration

    Lagoon

    Gravity Separation

    Carbon Adsorption

    Equalization

    Settling or Clarification

    Chemical Treatment

          Alum

          Lime

          Polymer

          Other
     Plants indicating at least
     one type of treatment
Number of Plants*
53
28
87
23
5
3
24 '
132
0
10
158
28
19
42
24
Percent of Total
3.9
2.0
6.3
1.7
0.4
0.2
1.7
9.6
0
0.7
11.5
2.0
1.4
3.1
1.7
355
25.8%
*    Many plants use multiple treatment methods

Source: DCP
                                  135

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solutions to the sewer, either with or without  neutralization..   Two-
thirds  of  the  plants  discharging  to the sewer indicate that their
discharge is batch, while the remaining plants discharge continuously.

Preliminary Treatment Systems

Many paint plants use physical treatment systems such as  equalization
or settling.  Gravity settling of paint wastewater removes many of the
suspended  solids, but still leaves a supernatant layer high in solids
and other pollutants.  The 1977/1978 sampling program did not  collect
effluent   samples   from  plants  which  treated  only  by  settling.
Therefore, no discussion of this type of treatment is  included.   The
use of flocculating chemicals with gravity settling enhances treatment
of paint wastewater.

Physical-Chemical Treatment

Physical-chemical   (P-C)  treatment  systems in the paint industry are
basically enhancements  of  gravity  settling  systems.   Most  plants
utilizing  P-C  systems  operate  them  on a batch basis.  The plant's
caustic or water-wash wastewater flow collects in a holding tank until
a sufficient quantity warrants treatment.  If  necessary,  the  pH  is
adjusted  to  an  optimum level, a coagulant  {often lime, alum, ferric
chloride, or iron salts) and/or a coagulant aid  (polymer) is added and
mixed, and the batch is allowed to settle  (from 1 to 48  hours).   The
supernatant  is discharged,, and the sludge is generally disposed of as
a solid waste.  Often the sludge remains in the treatment tank for one
or more subsequent batches,  to  reduce  the  overall  sludge  volume.
Solvents,  oils,  and   skins  may  float to the surface where they are
removed manually.  A. flow diagram of a  typical  batch  P-C  treatment
system is presented in  Figure VII-2..

Some  plants operate continuous P-C treatment systems which operate on
the  same  principal.   Other  plants  operate   semi-continuous   P-C
treatment  systems,  where the wastewater  is  collected, batch treated,
and released into a continuous flow settling  tank.  Most  P-C  systems
in  the  paint industry are batch, however, which seems best suited to
the batch nature of wastewater generation  by  the industry.

The 1977-1978 sampling  program sampled  many  plants  with  batch  P-C
treatment  systems.   Forty-eight batches  from 16 plants were analyzed
for conventional pollutants and metals, and 23 batches  were  analyzed
for  toxic pollutants.  The influent and effluent characteristics, and
average   percentage    of   removals   for   selected    conventional,
nonconventional,  and   toxic  pollutants are  presented in Table VII-5.
The Agency adjusted the data base used in  Table VII-5  for purposes of
median percent removal  computations.  Batches where both the  influent
and  effluent  were  reported as less than 10 ug/1  (or other detection
limit in the case of inorganic and  nonconventional  pollutants)  were
                                  136

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                  137

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                           TABLE  VII-5


          POLLUTANT  REMOVAL 'EFFICIENCY  OF  BATCH  PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL
                        TREATMENT SYSTEMS
   NO.  PARAMETER
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS

     BOD(MG-L)
     TOTAL SUSP. SOLIDS(MG-L)
     OIL 8 GREASE(MG-L)

NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS

     COD
-------
                           TABLE VII-5
                                          (CON'T)
           POLLUTANT REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF BATCH PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL
                         TREATMENT SYSTEMS            e
   NO.  PARAMETER
ORGANIC TOXIC  POLLUTANTS       :

   4 BENZENE
   6 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
  10 lf2-ni,CHLOROETHANE
  11 Iflrl-TRICHLOROETHANE
  14 1»1»2-TRICHLOROETHANE
  23 CHLOROFORM
  29 l>l-niCHLOROETHYLENE
  38 ETHYLBENZENE
  44 METHYLENE CHLORIDE  '
  55 NAPHTHALENE       ,. /  .  '  1
  65 PHENOL
     TOTAL PHENOLS
  66 DK2-ETHYLHEXYU F'HTHALATE'
  67 BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE  '
  68 DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
  85 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE     •?
  86 TOLUENE
  87 TRICHLOROETHYLENE
	AVERAGEd)——       NO. OF  MEDIAN
INFLUENT EFFLUENT PCN'T  BATCHES PERCENT
               REDUCTION   (2)   REMOVAL<2)
1190
19'
-"81 '
1 104
355
' "144
.9
2387 ..
19874 . t
3278
448
274
34^6
380
6474
545.
'6165 .
59
563,
16
20
• 70
-* 20*3-
283
' 13
•i .4342
..;.4480 .
v . 335
8rO -'
210
• :26 '•
•• 695'
'90
'90
1438
50
.52
.15
75
32"
.42
0
' 0 >
" • >o '
,77 ,
• 89
"82
23
-92
" ! 0-'.'
•98
83
76 -•
15
 17
  5
  5
'•15
  4
 IS
  4
 21.
 2-i.
  '5'
 11
 37
  7-
  4
 12
•14
 22
 •1,1..
                                  65
                                  100
                                  69
                                  30
                                  50
                                  68
                                  50
                                  80
                                  62
                                  7f>
                                   0
                                  28
                                  97
                                   O
                                  99
                                  •98
                                  74
                                   9
NOTES
     <1)AVERAGE ONLY OF PLANTS WITH BATCH PHYSI-CAL-CHEttXCAL 'TREATMENT •
        SYSTEMS.  BATCHES WHERE BOTH INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT  WERE NOT
        DETECTED'ARE NOT INCLUDED IN CALCULATION OF  AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS.
     (2)INDIVIDUAL PERCENT REMOVALS WERE CALCULATE!*^  ONLY  WHERE BOTH
        INFLUENT AND .EFFLUENT--VALUES WERE DETERMINE!* .AND  WHERE ONE OR
        BOTH VALUES WERE ABOVE .10 UG/L (OR OTHER,DETECTION  LIMIT IN THE
        CASE OF METALS OR NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS).'

        TOXIC POLLUTANTS WITH LESS THAN FOUR CALCULATED REMOVALS
        ARE NOT LISTED                  ••••.--          T

      INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT AVERAGES ARE IN UG/L UNLESS^OTHERWISE NOTED
                                   139

-------
not included in the calculations.  This adjustment is explained in the
notes below Table VII-5.

overall   P-C treatment removed many conventional, nonconventional and
toxic pollutants, although the level of many in the effluent  remained
high.   Six toxic pollutants  (lead, zinc, carbon tetraehloride, di  (2-
ethvihexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate  and  tetrachloroethylene)
had  median  removals  of  90 percent or greater.   Twenty other toxic
polluSmts had  median  removals  between  50  and  90  percent..   The
conventional  and nonconventional pollutant parameters best removed by
P-C treatment were oil and grease  (97 percent median), total suspended
solids  (99 percent), total volatile  suspended  solxds   (98  percent),
aluminum  (99 percent), and titanium  (97 percent).

The  Agency  searched  the data base utilized in preparing Table VII-5
for  surrogate pollutants; that is,  easily  measured  conventional  or
nonconven?ional  pollutants   whose  removal  or  effluent levels would
predict  the  removal  or  effluent   level   of   toxic   pollutants.
Unfortunately,   no   statistically  meaningful  correlations  could  be
found?  This is  due  in  part  to  some  of  the  problems  with   the
fnalyiical data explained   in  Sections  V  and VI   . ^"^J."^
instances where  toxic  pollutants were measured  in the treated  effluent
from one  batch but not in the influent  from that batch.

In the  case of analyses which are  at or near the detection   limit   for
tL  Pollutant,  the  sensitivity  of the  analytical tests  may be so  poor
that apparent discrepancies  appear..    The  data  for  several   of   the
 frequently  occurring  toxic pollutants were  screened and questionable
 appoints  rljected?  These  reduced   data  were   correlated  against
 several  conventional  pollutants..    The  correlation values were  much
 improved, but  statistically .Insignificant.   It is  likely that the  data
 base is too  small  and  heterogeneous  for  statistical  analysis,   but
 several broad  conclusions can be supported by the data.     These are:

     1     Removals  of total solids, suspended solids, oil  and  grease,
 COD  and  TOC   by  P-C  treatment are all good (over 70 percent median
 removal for each).   The BOD5 removals were lower,  possibly because  of
 difficulty  in  measuring  the  BOD  of untreated paint wastewater and
 effluent.

     2    Removals of most of the frequently occurring inorganic  toxic
 pollutants  also  were good.  Arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead,
 nickel, and zinc  had  median  removals  of  69  percent  or  greater.
 Removals  of  chromium  were  lower.   Where  they occurred, chromium,
 copper, lead,  nickel, and zinc averaged over 1 mg/1  10  the  effluent.
 Zinc   averaged  almost  7  mg/1.  The remaining toxic pollutant metals
 were not present frequently  enough to draw any firm  conclusions.
                                   140

-------
    3«   F.emovcil  of  most  commonly  used  solvents  was  very  good.
Benzene,   carbon  tetrachloride,  ethylbenzene,  tetrachloroethylene,
methylene chloride, and toluene  all  had  median  removals  above  60
percent.    However,   all  except  carbon  tetrachloride  and  tetra-
chloroethylene were present in effluents at an  average  concentration
of  over  500 vig/1.  Trichloroethylene was poorly removed, although it
only occurred in low average concentrations.

    4.   Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate removals
were excellent,, with median removals of 97  percent  and  99  percent,
respectively.   Butyl  benzyl  phthalate,  however, was poorly removed
(based on only four batches).

Various paint plants have  adopted  several  operating  procedures  to
improve the performance of their P-C treatment systems.  Some of these
are:

    1.   Selection of proper pH and  flocculating  chemicals,.   Plants
that  have experimented with different inorganic salts and/or polymers
have often upgraded their treatment efficiency.

    2.   Jar  testing  for  optimum  dosage.   Each  batch  of   paint
wastewater has different characteristics and requires varying chemical
dosages.   Testing  each  batch  in  several  jars with different pH's
and/or chemical doses requires little time and can  lead  to  enhanced
performance.   Too much polymer, in addition to wasting money, results
in worse treatment than the proper dose.

    3.   Selection of proper mixers and/or flocculators.  Some  plants
have   improved  performance  by  using  higher  speed  mixers  and/or
optimizing mixing time and blade shape.

Biological Treatment

Biological treatment has been mentioned in the literature  (HO, 41)  as
being  applicable  to  latex-containing  wastewaters..   Several  paint
plants that are part of  large  chemical  production  complexes  treat
their  wastewater in this manner.  These plants generally pretreat the
paint  wastewater  and  combine  it  with  other,  more  dilute  plant
wastewater.   Because  of  the  exceptionally  high  solids and metals
concentrations in paint wastewater, biological treatment  must  almost
always  follow  some  kind of preliminary treatment  (such as physical-
chemical) .  The most common  types  of  biological  treatment  systems
include  activated sludge, aerated lagoons, and trickling filters.  In
the  paint  industry,  aerated  lagoons  predominate.    The   shorter
detention  times  of  activated sludge and trickling filter plants may
make these units more prone to failure from  interferences  and  shock
loading.

-------
One  plant  sampled  during  1978  has  an  aerated lagoon that treats
primarily paint effluent  (after batch P-C treatment).  Data from  this
plant  are presented in Table VII-6-  Toxic pollutant parameters which
were not detected in any of the three sample points  are  not  listed.
The  data  indicate  that  the  aerated  lagoon  successfully  reduces
conventional, inorganic, and organic pollutants to low levels.  Of the
toxic pollutants, only methylene chloride was present  in  the  lagoon
effluent  at  over  200  ug/1,  and  this  was probably due in part to
contamination from bottle preparation techniques..

In general, aerated lagoons  with  very  long  detention  periods  can
reduce organic loadings by 90 percent or more, and can reduce volatile
compounds  through  the process of air stripping..  Aerated lagoons may
be practical for paint plants in rural  areas  that  wish  to  further
treat  effluent  from  P-C  treatment, for both conventional and toxic
pollutants.

A flow diagram of a typical aerated lagoon  system,  preceded  by  P-C
treatment,  is  shown in  Figure VII-3.  Depending upon the composition
of the wastewater to be treated, nitrogen  and  phosphorus  supplement
may  be  necessary  to  maintain  the biomass.  pH control also may be
required.

Aerated lagoons may not be feasible in very cold climates or in  urban
areas  where  land  is  not  available.  Because there is very limited
operating experience of   biological  treatment  of   paint  wastewater,
performance characteristics and effluent quality cannot be specified.

Other Wastewater Treatment Systems

Other  wastewater  treatment  processes  such  as   ultrafiltration and
activated carbon are used commonly on industrial wastewaters and  have
been  mentioned  for  potential application to the  paint  industry.  No
paint plants according to DCP responses, currently  use these systems.

Ultrafiltration  (UF) is a membrane process  that  reduces  the  solids
content  of  a  feed  stream  by  pressurizing the  feed while it  is in
contact with a semi-permeable membrane.  Water molecules  pass  through
the  membrane  while  solids are left behind.  The  automotive industry
commonly uses UF for purification of electrolytic paint   solutions  by
removing  some  water  and impurities while  "rejecting" valuable  paint
solids.  Two companies contacted during this study  had conducted  tests
of UF for paint wastewater treatment.  Both  tests   were   unsuccessful.
The problems encountered  included rapid  fouling of  the membranes, lack
of  sufficient  throughput,  and  insufficient  membrane  life.  Ultra-
filtration also produces  a concentrate stream consisting   of  rejected
solids  and  some  water, which requires disposal by contract hauling.
No data is available on the effluent quality that can be  expected from
UF treatment of paint wastewater.
                                  142

-------
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                                             145

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Activated carbon is a tertiary treatment process capable  of  removing
some  organic toxic pollutants by adsorption.  It generally is applied
after biological treatment has reduced a wastewater's strength to  low
BOD  and  TSS  levels.   Carbon  is  rapidly  plugged  by  high solids
loadings, and does not appear applicable to untreated paint wastewater
or to effluent from batch physical-chemical treatment  systems  (based
on  data  from  Tables  V-22  and  VII-5).   For carbon to treat paint
wastewater effectively, extensive pretreatment is required.

EFFECT OF PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS ON EFFLUENT QUALITY


In Section IV it was indicated that tank cleaning  procedures  form  a
rational  basis  for paint industry subcategorization.  Data presented
in the 1976 Burns and Roe draft document indicated some differences in
wastewater characteristics  (for  conventionals,  nonconventionals  and
metals only) between plants that manufacture only water-base paint and
plants that manufacture both water and solvent-base paint.  Analytical
data   collected   from   this   study   were  grouped  by  production
characteristics of paint plants-  The three groupings chosen included:
plants producing  exclusively  water-base  paint   (4  plants),  plants
producing  51 percent to 99 percent water-base paints  (13 plants), and
plants  producing  under  50  percent  water-base  paint   (5  plants).
Untreated  wastewater  characteristics   for  selected conventional and
toxic pollutants are  indicated  in  Table  VII-7..   While  individual
pollutants  show  large  variations  between  groups, the trend is not
always  in  the  same  direction.   overall,  it  .appears   that   the
variability  in  incidence  and  loading of toxic pollutants from the
various groups of  plants  cannot  be  directly  associated  with  the
manufacture  of  water-versus solvent-base paint.  Both types of paint
manufacture  result   in   the   generation   of  wastewater
concentrations of both organic and  inorganic toxic

MASS BALANCE FOR THE  PAINT  INDUSTRY
        with
compounds.
high
This  section presents mass  loadings  for  conventional,  nonconventional,
and   toxic pollutants in untreated and treated  wastewater  and sludges.
The average  concentration   of   each  stream was   multiplied  by  the
estimated  total  industry flow,  assuming that all  plants treated their
wastewater by batch physical-chemical treatment.   In an effort to make
the data base as   consistent as  possible,  EPA   made  the  following
adjustments to  the data:

    1.   Plants  without  batch    physical-chemical   treatment   were
    excluded.   This reduced the  data base from  22  plants to 17 plants.

    2.   If a particular pollutant parameter was not analyzed for  one
    batch,  the influent and effluent values from  that batch were both
                                  146

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                                   TABLE VII-7
                      UNTREATED WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
              FROM PLANTS WITH DIFFERENT PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS
 Conventional Pollutants

 BOD
 TSS
                               100%
                            Water Base
                50-99%
             Water Base
     Less Than 50%
      Water Base
   (Average Concentration  in mg/1)
6970           6288
15,000         26,340
Selected Metal  Priority  Pollutants
                                 (Average  Concentration in ug/1)
Cadmium            ',            1750            95
Chromium                       2370            1090
Copper                         2090            3380
Lead                           1930            6510
Mercury                        46              5720
Nickel                         1900            1560
Zinc                           111,300         70,900
          21,800
          9,700
                                   37
                                   9544
                                   573
                                   11,560
                                   10,154
                                   65
                                   36,240
Selected Organic Priority Pollutants
                              (Percent Occurrence at 10
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
1-1 Dichloroethylene
Ethylbenzene
Methylene Chloride
Naphthalene
Pentachlorophenol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate,
Di-N-butyl phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene           44             67
Toluene                       89             100
Trichloroethylene             22             40
44             73
22             20
56             47
11             0
89             80
89             40
22             13
0              13
11           ,  27
44             40
ug/1 or Greater)
          43
          14
          43
          29
          71
   :•      43
     -  •   57
          43
          57
          43
          29
          57
          43
                                                                                       e
                                147

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    excluded.  This exclusion primarily affected  metals  analyzed  by
    flameless atomic absorption and some nonconventional pollutants.

The  untreated paint wastewater mass loadings were based on an assumed
industry flow of 2.8 million liters per day  (750,000 gpd). The  Agency
estimated  treated  wastewater at 85 percent of that flow  (2.4 million
liters per day)  and sludge at 15 percent of  that  flow   (0.4  million
liters/day).  The total quantity of conventional, nonconventional, and
toxic   pollutants   is  indicated  in  Tablie  VII-8.   Organic  toxic
pollutants  balanced  well,  but  conventional,  nonconventional,  and
inorganic  toxic  pollutants were all computed at higher levels in the
influent than in the effluent  and  sludge  combined-   Part  of  this
problem  may  have  been  caused  by  the  difficulty  experienced  by
analytical laboratories analyzing paint sludges.

EPA derived the following conclusions:

1.  Several  volatile  organic  toxic   pollutants   (benzene,   1-1-2
    trichloroethane,  and  naphthalene)  that  were  removed  from the
    influent appeared in the sludge at relatively lo>w  concentrations.
    Methylene chloride and toluene did not exhibit this tendency.

2.  Di-n-butyl phthalate and pentachlorophenol both  appeared  in  the
    influent at more than ten times their combined sludge and effluent
    quantity.

3.  All metals except beryllium and cadmium balanced within  a  factor
    of  2.5.   Zinc  accounted for over 80 percent of the influent and
    sludge inorganic toxic pollutant loading.

4.  Over 98 percent of the  inorganic  toxic  pollutant  loading  from
    untreated  wastewater _is  from  chromium,  copper, lead, mercury,
    nickel, and zinc.  These six metals account for 94 percent of  the
    treated  wastewater toxic pollutant loading and over 98 percent of
    the sludge toxic pollutant loading (from data in Table Vll-8).
                                 148

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                            TABLE VII-8
          MASS BALANCE FOR THE PAINT INDUSTRY THROUGH BATCH
                PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL TREATMENT
 NO,
PARAMETER
 	WASTEUATER SOURCE	
 UNTREATED      TREATED
	KG/DAY	
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS

     BOD(MG-L)
     TOTAL SUSP* SOLIDS(MG-L)
     OIL 8 GREASE(MG-L)

 TOTAL CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS
                               30540
                               67533
                                3282
                13347
                 3131
                  282

                16478
                                                               SLUDGE
10833
40072
 3463

50905"
NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS

     COD(MG-L)
     TOC(MG-L)
     TOTAL DISS. SOLIDS
-------
        MASS BALANCE FOR THE PAINT INDUSTRY THROUGH BATCH
              PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL TREATMENT
  NO.  PARAMETER
ORGANIC TOXIC POLLUTANTS

   4 BENZENE
   6 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
   7 CHLOROBENZENE
   9 HEXACHLOROBENZENE
  10 lr2-DICHLOROETHANE
  11 1»1»1-TRICHLOROETHANE
  13 1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
  14 l,lr2-TRICHLOROETHANE
  15 1,1,2*2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
  23 CHLOROFORM
  29 1»1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
  30 1»2-TRANS-DICHLOROETHYLENE
  32 1»2-DICHLOROPROPANE
  33 1»3-DICHLOROPROPYLENE
  38 ETHYLBENZENE
  40 4-CHLOROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
  42 DIC2-CHLOROISOPROPYL) ETHER
  44 METHYLENE CHLORIDE
  54 ISOPHORONE
  55 NAPHTHALENE
  56 NITROBENZENE
  59 2»4-DINITROPHENOL
  64 PENTACHLOROPHENOL
  65 PHENOL
     TOTAL PHENOLS
  66 DK2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
  67 BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
  68 DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
  70 DIETHYL  PHTHALATE
  71 DIMETHYL PHTHALATE
  78 ANTHRACENE
  85 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE   .,
  86 TOLUENE
  87 TRICHLOROETHYLENE

 TOTAL  ORGANIC TOXIC  POLLUTANTS

 NOTES
	 Wflb 1 twfl 1 ti\ SUUKUC. 	
UNTREATED TREATED
2.49 1.002
0.017
0.014
0.011
0.060
0.204
0.003
0,349
0.003
0,320
0.006
N-D
0.128
0.011
6.175
0.031
0.394
51.420
N-D
3.23
0.034
0.062
3.38
0.825
0.776
, 0.544
0.232
12.8
0.085
N-D
N-D
1.142
16.7
0.113
0.012
N-D
N-D
0.012
0.116
N-D
0 . i'69
N-D
0,532
0.007
0,007
0,043
0,002
9,548
N-D
N-D
9«852
0 ,, 022
0 » 279
0*002
N-D
0.026
0,123
0.502
0.034
0.364
0.149
0.193
0.024
N-D
0.159
3.31
0.082
SLUDGE
0.110
0,001
0*019
N-D
0.001
0.321
N-D
N-D
0.001
0.098
N-D
N-D
N-D
N-D
6.058
N-D
N-D
51.057
N-D
0.071
N-D
0.002
0.015
0.027
0,238
0.159
2.21
0.962
0.059
0,000
0.022
0.560
19.0
0.012
 101
26.1
                            80.8
 UNTREATED MASS LOADING BASED ON AVERAGE INFLUENT.CONENTRATION FROM PLANTS WITH
 BATCH P-C TREATMENT AND INDUSTRY FLOW OF 2.8 MILLION LITERS PER DAY.

 TREATED MASS LOADINGS BASED ON EFFLUENT AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS FROM PLANTS
  WITH BATCH P-C TREATMENT AND INDUSTRY FLOW OF 2.4 MILLION LITERS PER DAY,

 SLUDGE MASS LOADING BASED ON'AVERAGE SLUDGE CONCENTRATION FROM BATCH P-C
 TREATMENT SYSTEMS* AND AN INDUSTRY FLOW OF 0.4 MILLION LITERS PER DAY.

 INDIVIDUAL VALUES WERE INCLUDED ONLY IF A PARAMETER WAS ANALYZED FOR
 IN BOTH THE INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT OF THAT BATCH.
 N-D: NOT DETECTED
150

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                             SECTION VIII


               COST, ENERGY, AND OTHER NONWATER ASPECTS
COSTS

Historical Cost Information

The DCP asked plants with installed wastewater  treatment  systems  to
report   on  their  capital  and  operating  costs  and  the  year  of
installation.  Most wastewater treatment systems have  been  installed
since  1970,  although  80  systems were installed prior to that year..
This information is presented in Table VIII-1-  Table VIII-2  presents
the  capital  costs of the various treatment systems.-  The majority of
the plants spent less than $7,000 in 1977 dollars..  However,  many  of
these  lower  costs  represent only gravity settling equipment.  There
was  not  enough  capital   cost   data   from   plants   with   batch
physical-chemical treatment systems (the second most common system) to
help predict what these costs would be for new installations.

Operating cost data provided from DCP responses are indicated in Table
VIII-3.   The  median  operating cost was between $1,000 and $2,000 in
1977, compared to a median capital cost of  $5,000  to  $10,000   (1977
dollars).   Of  plants  that  utilize contract hauling of either their
wastewater or sludges, 511 reported unit cost information for  hauling
and  disposal.   These  costs are presented in Table VJII-4.  The cost
per  unit  volume  is  affected  by  such  factors  as  transportation
distance,  disposal  method  used  by  the  contractor,  variation  in
landfill policy from state to state, etc.  The reported median cost of
contract hauling  (transportation and disposal combined) was  3.70  per
liter   (14£  per gallon), and the average cost was 5.32 per liter  (200
per gallon).  EPA expects these  costs  to  rise  as  the  states  and
federal  government  adopt  more  stringent  solid and hazardous waste
disposal requirements.

Cost Development

The following discussion presents the capital and operating costs  for
various  wastewater  treatment  unit operations currently practiced by
the paint industry.  All costs have  a  1978  basis  unless  otherwise
noted.   Costs  have  been developed for six model plant sizes ranging
from 190 liters per day  (50 gpd) to  38,000  liters  per  day   (10,000
gpd).  Because the size range for all paint plants is very narrow, and
flows are relatively small compared to the entire wastewater treatment
industry,  little  error  will  result  from  linear  interpolation to
determine intermediate costs between adjacent  model  treatment  plant
                                  151

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                                TABLE VIII-1
Source:  DCP
                               PAINT INDUSTRY
                    DATES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
                                INSTALLATIONS
                   Year

                   1900

                   1951

                   1956

                   1961

                   1966

                   1969

                   1971

                   1972

                   1973

                   1974

                    1975

                    1976

                    1977
- 1950

- 1955

- 1960

- 1965

- 1968

- 1970
 (through Midyear)
  Number of
Installations

      6

      5

      9

     21

     20

     19

      8

     29

     20

     30

     26

     19

     13
                                 152

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                                 TABLE VIII-2
                                PAINT INDUSTRY
                          CAPITAL COSTS OF INSTALLED
                         WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
                                IN 1977 DOLLARS
                     Cost ($)

                     $50     1,000

                     1,001   2,000

                     2,001   3,000

                     3,001   5,000

                     5,001  10,000

                     10,001  20,000

                     20,001  50,000

                     50,001  100,000

                     100,001  500,000

                     Over 500,000
Number of
 Plants

  18

  17

  17

  22

  36

  19

  20

  16

  19
Source:  DCP responses adjusted by ENR Cost Index
                                  153

-------
                                  TABLE VIII-3

                                 PAINT INDUSTRY
                       ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS (1977.)  OF
                         WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Cost ($)
$50
501
1,001
2,001
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
Number of
Plants
50
29
21
14
                      3,001
                     5,001
                     20,001   -
5,000
10,000
                     10,001   -    20,000
50,000
                     Over 50,000
16
16
                  12
11
Source:  DCP
                                154

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                                 TABLE VIII-4

                  COST  (1977) OF SLUDGE OR WASTEWATER REMOVAL
                              BY CONTRACT HAULER
                 Cost
                (Vgallon)

               1-5

               6-10

               11 - 15

               16 - 20

               21 - 30

               31 - 40

               41 - 50

                    so
  Cost
(fr/liter)

Less than 1.3

1.6 - 3

  3 - 4

  4-5

  5-8

  8 - 11

 11 - 13

 Over 13
Number of
 Plants

   84

  133

   82

   56

   63

   35

   29

 •  29
Source:  DCP
                               155

-------
 sizes.   Below  190  liters/day,  costs will decrease only slightly as
«flow decreases, since most equipment is already at a minimum size.

 The Agency expects the minimal costs presented to vary widely  between
 plants,  depending  on geographical location, possible use of existing
 equipment, "off-the-shelf" components versus designed units, and other
 factors.  An effort was made to  cost  all  processes  conservatively.
 Therefore,  most  plants  should  be  able to purchase and operate the
 treatment  systems  covered  at  near  or  below  the  cost  estimates
 presented.

 EPA made the following assumptions throughout its cost evaluation:

          Plant Operations.  Plants were assumed to  operate  250  days
 annually, one shift per day. Treatment equipment is sized to treat all
 wastewater  in  one  shift.  Treatment of wastewater over two or three
 shifts can significantly reduce capital costs.

          Depreciation.    Annual  depreciation  was  assumed  at   17,7
 percent  of  capital  costs,  which equals a capital recovery over ten
 years at 12 percent interest.

     -    Contingency.   A contingency of 15 percent was assumed..

          Labor.  A rate of $16,000 per man year, including labor taxes
 and fringe benefits, for a plant operator was assumed.  Indirect labor
 was taken at 20 percent of operator costs, to account  for  occasional
 laboratory,  management,  and  accounting  involvement  in  wastewater
 treatment.

          Power, Heat, and Light
 $0.. 01  per kwh.   The Agency
 mixing and pumping as follows
                                  Electricity costs were assumed to be
                            calculated  the  annual  power  costs  for
     (Total   horsepower)
 kWh/hp)  x $0.04/kWh.
                         x   (hours  per  year  of  operation) x  (0.746
 Based on   engineering  visits,   the  Agency  also  assumed  that  most
 wastewater  treatment  or  modification  systems   will be installed in
 existing buildings.   Consequently,  no increase in heating and lighting
 costs were assumed.
         Piping  and  Valvinq.   Where  required,  piping and
assumed to cost  50 percent  of  basic  equipment  costs.
                                                          valves  were
                                                           The   Agency
         Buildings,  Yard,  and  Service  Facilities..
anticipates  that  most  plants  will construct required facilities in
existing buildings..  However, the installed cost of an  outdoor  steel
                                  156

-------
utility  building  of  appropriate
without available space.
size has been developed for plants
         Land.  Land costs were not included in cost calculations, but
the total area required for each system is shown.

         Electrical and Instrumentation..  Where required, these  items
were assumed to be 10 percent of total equipment costs.

         Engineering,, Freight, and  Installation.   These  costs  were
assumed to be 50 percent of total equipment costs.  Package units from
a single manufacturer may significantly reduce these costs.
         Operation and Ma intenance.
of capital costs per year.

         Contract  Hauling  Costs.
  These were assumed at 3  percent
  Most
plants
contract   their
wastewater  or  sludge hauling to outside firms, and pay a single cost
for transportation and disposal..  These costs range from less than 1.3
cents per liter (50/gal) to over 13 cents per  liter   (502/gal):.   The
higher costs prevail in states which have restricted industrial wastes
to  designated landfills only.  Therefore, an "average" or median cost
has little meaning to plants that are forced to pay the  higher  fees.
To  be conservative, the Agency assumed a contract hauling cost of 7.0
cents   per   liter   (302/gal)   including   transportation   to   be
characteristic  of  1978  prices  for  the majority of all plants.  As
previously discussed, the cost of contract hauling  may  rise  in  the
future because oif more stringent state and federal regulations.

    -    POTW Charges.  POTW user charges are  also  highly  variable,
and  often  are computed as a percentage of the plant's water bill, or
according to wastewater strength and volume, or by some combination of
these and other factors,  A use charge of $5  per  3750  liters  (1000
gallons)   of  wastewater  was  assumed,  which  allows for significant
surcharges for high BOD and TSS loadings.

         Monitoring Costs.  The cost of monitoring  effluent  to  meet
any  new  regulations  was  assumed  to  be  $1,200 per year per plant
regardless of size.  This assumes that  each  plant  will  sample  its
wastewater  once  monthly,  and pay a commercial laboratory to analyze
chromium, copper,  mercury, nickel, .lead,  zinc,,  BOD,  and  TSS,   The
exact monitoring cost will depend on the regulations adopted.

Physical-Chemical Precipitation

Physical-chemical  (P-C) wastewater treatment was discussed in Section
VII.  The treatment design is based on  a  batch  system,  and  design
information  is  presented  in  Table   VIII-5.  P-C capital costs are
presented in Table VIII-6, and include four tanks, a collection  sump.
                                 157

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                         158

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mixers,  and  pumps.   The polymer feed system consists of two plastic
tanks, two portable mixers, and two small feed pumps.

P-C operating costs are presented in Table  VIII-7.   For  design  and
cost  purposes,  the  Agency  assumed  the  use  of alum, polymer, and
sulfuric acid as flocculating  and  neutralizing  agents..   Historical
data  indicate  that sludge volume will average 15 percent of original
wastewater volume.  Sludge was assumed to be contract hauled.
Physical-Chemical
lagoon)
Pretreatment  with  Biological  Treatment  (aerated
Biological  treatment  of paint wastewater following physical-chemcial
treatment was described in Section  VII..   For  design  purposes,  the
Agency  chose  an  aerated  lagoon  of 30 days detention and 8 feet in
depth.  The main unit costs include excavation,  grading,  seeding  of
slopes,  and  floating aerators.  Table VIII-8 lists the capital costs
for a P-C pretreatment/biological treatment system,.   Operating  costs
(including  assumed  nutrient addition) are presented in Table VIII-9.
Land costs for this system are  not  included,  and  sludge  clean-out
costs  (expected only once every several years) also are excluded.

Wastewater Recycle System

As  discussed  in  Section  VII,  there are many potential methods and
management practices to reduce or  recycle  wastewater.   The  recycle
system  selected  for the design and cost model is.one used by several
plants, and is not intended to imply that it  applies best to any other
plant.   This  system  includes  three  holding  tanks  for  different
categories  of  paint   (e,.g.,  whites,  pastels, and dark colors) with
associated  pumping,  piping,  and   mixing   to   prevent   settling.
Wastewater is pumped to the appropriate tank  and withdrawn as required
into  batches  of compatible paint.  Pertinent design data is in Table
VIII-10-

The Agency assumes that plants  practicing  recycle  will  generate  a
"residual"  wastewater  equal  to  20  percent of the total wastewater
volume that cannot be recycled or further reduced.   (See Section VII.)
Disposal options for this  wastewater  are  contract  hauling  or  P-C
treatment  (with  or  without  subsequent  biological  treatment) with
discharge of the supernatant and contract hauling of the sludge.   The
capital costs for these three options are presented in Tables VIII-11,
VIII-12 and VIII-13,.  Operating costs are presented in Tables VIII-11,
VIII-15, and VIII-16.
                                  160

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                                                        167

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Wastewater Disposal  by Contract  Hauling

This  alternative  holds the  total  wastewater  flow for  periodic  removal
by a contract  hauler.   The capital costs  for  this option are presented
in Table VIII-17.

Costs include  a  holding tank equal to either  ten  days  flow  or   91,000
liters   (2U,000  gallons), whichever is smaller, with associated piping
and installation.  Small plants  may prefer to hold wastewater in drums
to avoid capital expenditures.   Plants with excess tankage can  convert
a spare tank to  a  wastewater holding tank at  minimum expense.

Operating costs  are  indicated in Table VIII-18,   The  four smallest
model plants are assumed to  require one hour  of labor  daily to  service
the  collection  system.  The two  larger  model plants  will require two
hours of labor daily.   No  costs  for  routine  monitoring  have been
included  because  the wastewater  will not be discharged to a waterway
or sewer.

Manual Physical-Chemical Treatment System

A simpler P-C  system than that presented  in Table VIII-5 is  available
to  small plants which wish  to avoid large capital expenditures.  Such
an alternative system  can  consist  of plastic   treatment  tanks   (or
drums)   and  portable   mixers and pumps.  The system  manually  carries
wastewater to  the  treatment  tanks  (via pails) and manually  adds  the
chemicals.  The  capital costs for  such a  system are presented in Table
VIII-19 for 190  liter  per day (50  gpd)  and 380 liter per day (100 gpd)
wastewater  flows.   Operating   costs  are indicated in  Table VIII-20.
Labor costs are  assumed to   be  slightly higher than   standard  P-C
systems  and   were given as  two  hours per day for the  small system and
three  hours   per  day  for   the  larger  system.   The   other   design
assumptions are  the  same as  those  in Table VIII-5.

Wastewater Reduction System

As discussed in  Section VII,  one option for reducing wastewater  volume
is  to  replace  standard tank rinsing operations  with a  high-pressure
low volume rinse system.  The approximate capital  costs   for   such  a
system are presented in Table VIII-21.  The model  system  consists of 2
pumps  to  pressurize  water  to  1200-1500  psi,  one-inch piping to
selected  points  in  the  process   area,  and  flexible  hoses   with
connectors to reach  individual tanks  and  filling equipment..  Operating
costs  are  not  presented,  but  are  expected to compare  to standard
cleaning procedures.
                                 172

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-------
                        TABLE VIII-19

  MANUALLY OPERATED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT SYSTEMS
                        CAPITAL COSTS
Wastewater Generated
liters/day
(gallons/day)
Tanks (plastic)
Mixers (portable)
Pumps
Piping, Valving
Material Handling Equipment
Subtotal
Electrical
Freight & Installation
Contingency
190
(50)
$ 110
700
600
700
300
2,410
240
1,325
600
380
(100)
$ 455
700
600
900
300
2,955
300
1,625
730
          Total
$4,575
$5,610
                        175

-------
                        TABLE VIII-20

  MANUALLY OPERATED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT SYSTEMS
                       OPERATING COSTS
Wastewater Generated
    liters/day
    (gallons/day)	
   190
  "(5T3)
    380
   (100)
   Depreciation
   Labor-direct  .
   Labor-indirect
   Chemicals
       Polymers
       Acid         ..
       Inorganic Salt
   Power
   Maintenance
   Sludge Disposal
    (including transportation)
   POTW User  Charge
   Monitoring
$  810
 4,000
   800
$ 1,000
  6,.000
  1,200
          Total
$7,800
                                                  $11,100
                       176

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-------
Cost Summary

Table VIII-22 summarizes the capital  and  operating  costs  for  each
treatment  alternative  presented in this section.  From the viewpoint
of  economics  alone,  different  options  are  most  economical   for
different  model  plant  sizes.   Changes or variations in the assumed
depreciation rate, labor compensation rate, contract hauling costs, or
other of the listed assumptions could change  the  relative  costs  of
various options.

NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS

Energy

The energy usage for the preceding wastewater management and treatment
schemes  on  an  industry-wide  basis  is  presented in Table VIII-23.
These  figures  convey  the  various  orders  of  magnitude,  and  the
differences  between  treatment alternatives..  The assumptions used in
this calculation were as follows:
         Plants that currently discharge no wastewater  will
to do so, and will not implement any treatment alternative.
continue
         All remaining plants will implement  the  selectedtreatment
scheme, and no credit was allowed for systems already in place.

The  industry-wide  approximations  were  computed  by calculating the
energy use of each model plant size with an estimate of the number  of
plants in that size range.

Physical-chemical  treatment  and recycle require the lowest inputs of
energy when applied to  all  plants.   Systems  that  include  aerated
lagoons require the highest,

Sludge Quantity and Character!stisties

A  study  by  EPA's  Office of Solid Waste Management (1976) estimated
that the paint manufacturing industry generated 436,000 metric tons of
solid  waste  (wet  basis)  in  1974,  of  which  105,000  tons   were
potentially hazardous.  Almost all of the potentially hazardous wastes
were  from  process  cleaning operations, spoiled batches, and spills.
Most of  the  nonhazardous  wastes  were  composed  of  raw  materials
packaging.   The  EPA  study also found that most of these wastes were
disposed in off-site landfills by private contractors.

If the entire volume of wastewater currently discharged by  the  paint
industry  (approximately  2,800,000  liters/day)  were  treated by P-C
precipitation and settling,  it  would  produce  a  sludge  volume  of
420,000 liters per day (110,000 gpd), industry wide-  This is based on
                                 178

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179

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                                  TABLE VIII-23


                       APPROXIMATE ENERGY USAGE  FOR VARIOUS!
                        WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES
       Treatment Alternative
  Approximate Annual Energy Use
 When Applied to all Paint Plants
	(millions of kwh/yr)	
Physical - Chemical

Physical - Chemical with biological

Recycle system with contract hauling of
unreused wastewater

Recycle system with Physical - Chemical

Recycle system with Physical - Chemical
and biological
              50


              12

              15


              60
                                 180

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an . average  of  15%  of  the total wastewater  per  batch ending in the
sludge fraction.  Based on the  average   sludge  characteristics  (see
Table V-24), the Agency expects that  72 kg/day  (159 Ib/day)  of  organic
toxic  pollutants  and  122  kg/day   (270  Ib/day)   of  inorganic toxic
pollutants would be included in this  total  industry sludge  flow.    The
major   constituents  of  the  organic  toxic   pollutant loading   are
methylene chloride  (6358), toluene  (2355),  and ethylbenzene (7%).=    Zinc
accounts  for  approximately  80%  of the  inorganic   toxic pollutant
loading.

Use of the in-plant controls recommended  in Section VII will   reduce
sludge generation proportionately.  Therefore,  reduction of  wastewater
discharges by 8055 also would reduce sludge  generation being  reduced to
3?5  of  the wastewater volume generated.  Plants  which  implement these
controls may then elect to contract haul  the nonrecyclable  fraction of
the waste without any further treatment.  The hazardous  waste   haulM
would  amount  to up to 2055 of the wastewater generated.  Based on the
data collected from the DCP and economic  analysis,  the  total hazardous
waste generation would be between  150,000  and  300,000 metric  tons
annually.

If  the  entire  wastewater volume of the paint industry were contract
hauled, the toxic pollutant loading   would  equal  that  presented in
Table  y-26  (140 kg/day of organic toxic pollutants and 268 kg/day of
inorganic toxic pollutants).  The recycle option  (back   into product)
would  reduce  wastewater  and  sludge volumes  (and corresponding  mass
loadings) by the  same  percentage  that  was   reused.    Reduction of
wastewater  volume by high pressure rinse alone,  without any other dry
cleanup procedures, will not affect   the  amount  of  pollutants   dis-
charged  from  the paint industry, but it can significantly  reduce the
wastewater volume and disposal costs  for  plants that contract haul any
of their wastewater.

Solvent-Wash Subcategory

Existing source solvent-wash subcategory  indirect dischargers are   the
only  unregulated segment of the paint industry.  A key point in favor
of the no discharge regulation  for   the  remaining segment of   this
subcategory  was  the proven  economic benefits of  solvent reclamation
versus the outside"*purchase of reclaimed  solvent.

The July 1975 Development Document stated that the  in-house cost of
reclaiming  solvents  was  1.0 to 3,80/1  (3.6 to  14.22/gal), while the
selling price of reclaimed solvents was 10  to 300/1  ($.UO to $l/gal).
These  costs  compared  favorably  with   the  cost  of   purchasing new
solvent.
The Agency updated these data with a telephone survey of paint
using recovered solvent for tank cleaning.
plants
                                 181

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Considering  the rising costs of labor, energy and sludge disposal, in
1979 solvents can be reclaimed for 5.4 to  S.ltf/l  {$..20  to  .30/gal)
while  reclaimed  solvents  are  selling for $.11/1  ($.45/gal) to well
over  $.30/1   ($l/gal).   New  solvents  generally   cost  over   $.30/1
($l/gal) .
                                  182

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                              SECTION IX

       EFFLUENT REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF
        THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
                   EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES
INTRODUCTION
EPA  determines the effluent limitations that must be achieved by July
1, 1984* by identifying the very best control and treatment technology
employed by a specific point source within the industrial category  or
subcategory  or  by  one  industry where it is readily transferable to
another.  The Agency must specifically determine the  availability  of
control   measures   and  practices  to  eliminate  the  discharge  of
pollutants,'taking into account the cost of such elimination.

Consideration also was given tos
    o

    o

    o
         The age of the equipment and facilities;

         The processes employed|

         The engineering aspects of the application of  various  types
         of control techniques?

  - o    Process changes-; and

    o    Nonwater  quality  environmental  impact  (including   eneray
         requirements).

The Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) emphasizes
in-process  controls  as  well  as  control  or  additional  treatment
techniques  employed  at  the  end  of  the  production  process.   It
considers those plant processes and control technologies which, at the
pilot   plant,   semi-works,   and  other  levels,  have  demonstrated
sufficient  technological  performances  and  economic  viability   to
justify  investing  in  such  facilities,   BAT represents the highest
degree of demonstrated control technology for plant-scale operation up
to and including «»no discharge" of  pollutants.   The  costs  of  thii
level   of   control   are  defined  by  the  top-of-the-line  current
technology, subject to limitations imposed by economic and engineering
feasibility.   There may be some technical risk, however, with  respect
to  performance  and  certainty  of  costs.   Therefore,  some process
development and adaptation may  be  necessary  for  application  at  a
specific plant site.
                                 183

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The  statutory  assessment  of  BAT  "considers"  costs,  but does not
require a balancing of costs against effluent reduction benefits  (see
Weyerhaeuser  v.  Costle,  supra)-   In  developing  the proposed BAT,
however, EPA has given substantial weight  to  the  reasonableness  of
costs.  The Agency has considered the volume and nature of discharges,
the volume and nature of discharges expected after application of BAT,
the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the costs and
economic impacts of the required pollution control levels.

Despite  this expanded consideration of costs, the primary determinant
of BAT is effluent reduction capability..  As a  result  of  the  Clean
Water  Act  of  1977,  the achievement of BAT has become the principal
national means of controlling toxic water pollution.  EPA has selected
BAT technology which will significantly reduce this toxic pollution.

IDENTIFICATION OF BAT TECHNOLOGY

Both in-plant and end-of-pipe  modification  are  necessary  for  most
plants  to  achieve BAT.  Control technologies are discussed in detail
in Section VII while costs and operating parameters for  model  plants
are given in Section VIII.

The Agency considered the following technologies:

In-Plant Controls

         wastewater reduction through high-pressure  water-washing  of
         equipment,  dry  floor  clean up and sealing of floor drains,
         and use of squeegees prior to tank cleaning..

         wastewater reuse through recycle of caustic rinses back  into
         caustic  tank  as  make-up  and  water  rinses  back into the
         product or rinse water.

End-of-Pipe Controls

         Physical-chemical treatment including coagulation/precipitation
         and sedimentation
         Biological treatment by aerated lagoons
         Contract hauling
    -    Evaporation
         Ultrafiltration
         Reverse osmosis
    -    Activated carbon adsorption
 Technology Options  Available

 Option One -   Physical-chemical  treatment
 and sedimentation)
^coagulation/precipitation
                                  184

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 Option  Two  -  Physical-chemical
 with aerated lagoons
treatment plus biological treatment
 Option Three - Reduction of wastewater volume generated to 0=04  liter
 per liter of caustic or water-washed paint through the use of in-plant
 controls  such as recycle or water conservation followed by Option Two
 treatment of the remaining wastewater prior to discharge

 Option Four - No discharge of pollutants through  the  use  of  Option
 Three technologies and contract hauling of nonrecyclable wastes

 Other  evaluated  technologies  were  unacceptable  due  to  a lack of
 demonstrated effectiveness on paint wastewater or severe  economic  or
 nonwater quality impacts.

 RATIONALE USED TO DEVELOP BAT EFFLUENT GUIDELINES

 Based  on  analysis  of available control options, the Agency selected
 Option Four for the Caustic  and/or  Water-Wash  Subcategory.   Strict
 control  of  water use through in-plant controls such as high-pressure
 rinses and recycle of water and caustic-washes can  reduce  wastewater
 discharges  from paint plants to at least 0..04 liter of wastewater per
 liter of caustic or water-washed paint produced.

 The remaining wastewater should be sufficiently  small  in  volume  to
_make contract hauling practical and eliminate any need for discharge.

 The  Agency  rejected options One* Two, and Three because they fail to
 provide consistent removal of toxic pollutants to the  level  attained
 by  Option  Four.    High  concentrations of toxic pollutants have been
 measured in the effluents   from  plants  using  the  best  end-of-pipe
 technologies-     Due  to  the  toxic  nature  of  paint  manufacturing
 wastewater, the Agency has determined that disposal of these wastes to
 properly designed hazardous waste  disposal  sites  is  preferable  to
 discharge to surface waters.
 SIZE,   AGE,   PRODUCTION  METHODS,
 CLEANING  TECHNIQUES
RAW  MATERIALS  AND  PRODUCTS, TANK
 Paint  production  uses   process  equipment  which  has  not   changed
 appreciably  for  many years.   This equipment produces paint in batches
 of  varying  sizes.   Therefore  the age of  a plant has  little bearing  on
 its waste characteristics.  Size of a plant affects  only the volume of
 wastewater   produced.  Raw  materials used and products produced affect
 wastewater   characteristics  only  to the  extent  that  they  affect
 equipment   cleaning  techniques.   These  techniques  are the basis of
 subcategorization of  the  industry.
                                  185

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In  summary,  the  factors  of  size,  age,  prpduction  methods,  raw
materials,  and  products are not significant to effective application
of the control technology.   Detailed  discussion  of  £he  wastewater
characteristics for the paint industry is available in Section V.

ENGINEERING   ASPECTS   OF   BEST  AVAILABLE  TECHNOLOGY  ECONOMICALLY
ACHIEVABLE

The effectiveness of in-plant controls has been described in detail in
Section VII.  Use of in-p.larit controls has enab;ied  an  estimated  101
plants  to reduce the amount of wastewater generated to less than 0.04
liters per liter  of  water-rinsed  paint  manufactured.   This  group
includes  63  plants  which have attained no discharge.  Of the plants
using a water-rinse, 13% report 100% recycle  of  the  rinse  back  to
product:  an  additional  24.3%  report  that  reuse in the product is
accomplished most of the time.

High-pressure washing generally can reduce  wastewater  generation  by
90%.   Elimination  of  floor  drains  and  subsequent dry clean up of
spills, and use of squeegees or rags for precleaning of equipment  can
further reduce wastewater generation.

Simple  volume reduction does not also reduce pollutant mass.  It does
concentrate pollutants in manageable volumes of water which  then  can*
be  recycled  back  into product or contract hauled to hazardous waste
disposal  facilities.  If wastewater  can  be  recycled,,  valuable  raw
materials are reclaimed.

The  most significant conventional pollutants and pollutant parameters
controlled are BOD, TSS, oil and grease, and pH.  The most significant
nonconventional pollutants and pollutant parameter controlled is COD.

NONWATER  QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

EPA anticipates that  the  Implementation  of  BAT  at  a  plant  will
generate  of up to 0.-04 liters of hazardous waste per liter of water or
caustic-washed  (water-rinsed) paint produced.  Paint plants currently,
are  classified  as  major  sources of hazardous wastes, the principal
components being off-specification  batches,  sludges  from  physical-
chemical  treatment,  and untreated wastewater..  BAT will  increase the
wastewater component of the generation of  hazardous  wastes  and  may
reduce  the  sludge  component  as  facilities  adopt in-plant control
alternatives to physical-chemical treatment.  No significant change in
consumptive  water  use  or  atmospheric  quality  in  terms  of   air
emissions, noise, or radiation will result from implementation of BAT.

Negligible  amounts  of  energy  will be used for pumping, mixing, and
contract  hauling of these wastes.
                                  186

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      COST OF APPLICATION IN RELATION TO KFFLUENT REDUCTION BENEFITS
Based on the cost information in Section VIIIff EPA estimates  all  six
direct  dischargers will have to incur additional costs to comply with
BAT.  EPA estimates  that  total  capital  investment  will  be  $0.18
million and that annual costs will be $0=12 million including interest
and depreciation.  The Agency expects no unemployment, plant closures,
or changes in industry production capacity as a result of BAT.

BAT EFFLUENT GUIDELINES

There  shall be no discharge of pollutants in process wastewaters from
the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory  of  the  Paint  Formulating
Point  Source  Category,   The  prohibition of discharge of pollutants
from the Solvent-Wash Subcategory promulgated in 40 CFR  446  on  July
28 g 1975^ remains unchanged-

REGULATED POLLUTANTS

Issuance  of this regulation will prevent discharges of all pollutants
from  affected  paint  plants.   The  significant   toxic   pollutants
controlled ares
Chromium (Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Mercury(Total)
Nickel(Total)
Zinc fTotal)
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Ethylbenzene
Napthalene
Di (2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Tetrachlorethylene
Toluene
                                 187

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                               SECTION X
                   NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE  STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION
The  basis  for  New Source Performance  Standards  (NSPS)  under  Section
306 of the Act is the best  available  demonstrated  technology.    New
plants  have  the  opportunity  to  design the best  and most  efficient
paint manufacturing processes and wastewater  treatment   technologies,
and  Congress therefore directed EPA to  consider the best demonstrated
processes and operating methods, in-plant  control   measures,   end-of-
pipe  treatment  technologies,  and  other  alternatives   that  reduce
pollution  to  the   maximum   extent    feasible,    including,   where
practicable, a standard permitting no discharge of pollutants.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

New  Source  Performance  Standards  rest  on  the   technology  options
considered for BAT in Section IX.  Since BAT  represents   the  current
state-of-the-art technology, no further  improvement  for new sources  is
possible.   Based  on  analyses of the technology options EPA selected
BAT  Option  Four  for  NSPS  for  the   Caustic  and/or    Water  Wash
Subcategory.  This option completely removes all pollutants from paint
plant  discharges.   Selection of BAT Options One, Two, or Three would
provide less stringent requirements for  NSPS than BAT.  This  would   be
inconsistent with the basis for NSPS.

RATIONALE USED TO DEVELOP NSPS EFFLUENT  LIMITATIONS        !

The rationale used to select NSPS was identical to that used  to select
BAT  in  Section  IX.  No justification  could be found for selecting a
technology option for NSPS less stringent than BAT.

SIZE, PRODUCTION METHODS, RAW MATERIALSf AND PRODUCTS,  TANK  CLEANING
TECHNIQUES                                                !

The  aspects of size, production methods, raw materials,  and  products,
and tank cleaning techniques for the paint industry  discussed for  BAT
in Section IX also apply to NSPS.

ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

In  addition  to  the  engineering aspects discussed in Section IX for
BAT, it should be noted that the  design  of  new  plants  offers  the
opportunity  to  optimize  performance  of  in-plant  controls.   This
optimization should enable new plants  to  attain  NSPS  with   reduced
hazardous  waste  generation  in  comparison with many existing plants
meeting BAT.
                                 189

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NONWATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The  nonwater  quality  environmental  impacts  associated  with  NSPS
effluent  limitations  are  the  same  as  those  associated  with BAT
effluent  limitations,  as  discussed  in  Section  IX.   The   energy
requirements  to  meet this standard should represent a small fraction
of the plants' consumption.

TOTM, COST OF APPLICATION IN RELATION TO EFFLUENT REDUCTION BENEFITS

At the present time there are only six  paint  plants  throughout  the
country  that  practice  direct  discharge.  The majority of new firms
that enter the industry are expected to be indirect dischargers.  NSPS
is not expected to have significant impact on the paint industry.


NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

There shall be no discharge of pollutants in process wastewaters  from
the  caustic  and/or  Water-Wash  Subcategory of the Paint Formulating
Point Source category.

The prohibition of  discharge  of  pollutants  from  the  Solvent-Wash
Subcategory  promulgated   in  HO  CFR  446  on  July 28,  1975,  remains
unchanged.

REGULATED POLLUTANTS

The pollutants controlled  are identical to those controlled  by BAT  and
discussed in  Section  IX.
                                  190

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                              SECTION XI

             PKETRE&TMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
INTRODUCTION

The effluent limitations that must be achieved by existing sources  in
the  paint  industry   that  discharge into a publicly owned treatment
works  (POTW) are termed pretreatment standards.  Section 307 (b) of the
Act requires EPA to promulgate  pretreatment  standards  for  existing
sources  (PSES)  to  prevent  the  discharge  of  pollutants that pass
through, interfere  with,  or  are  otherwise  incompatible  with  the
operation  of  POTW.  The Clean Water Act of 1977 adds a new dimension
by requiring pretreatment for pollutants, such as heavy  metals,  that
limit  POTW  sludge  management alternatives, including the beneficial
use of sludges on agricultural lands.  The legislative history of  the
1977  Act  indicates that pretreatment standards are to be technology-
based, analagous to the best available technology for removal of toxic
pollutants.  The general pretreatment regulations (HO CFR  Part  403),
which   served  as  the  framework  for  'these  proposed  pretreatment
regulations for the paint industry, can be found at 43 FR  27736-27773
(June 26, 1978).
Consideration  was  also
pretreatment standards:
given  to  the following in establishing the
    o    Plant size,  age  of  equipment  and  facilities,  production
         methods,   raw   materials   and   products,   tank  cleaning
         techniques;

    o    The engineering aspects of the  application  of  pretreatment
         technology and its relationship to POTW;

    o    Nonwater  quality  environmental  impact   (including   energy
         requirements); and

    o    The total cost of application of technology  in  relation  to
         the effluent reduction and other benefits to be achieved from
         such application..

Pretreatment  standards  must reflect effluent reduction achievable by
the application of the best available pretreatment  technology.   This
may  include  primary treatment technology as used in the industry and
in-plant control measures  when  such  are  considered  to  be  normal
practice within the industry.

A final consideration is the determination of economic and engineering
reliability  in  the application of the pretreatment technology.  This
                                 191

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must be determined from the results of demonstration  projects,  pilot
plant  experiments,  and  most  preferably,  general  use  within  the
industry.

IDENTIFICATION OF PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

Paint plants discharge almost exclusively to POTW.  Forty  percent  of
these  plants  report using some pretreatment technologies.  Many also
practice in-plant  controls  to  reduce  wastewater  generation.   The
technologies  considered  for  pretreatment  are  identical  to  those
considered for BAT in  Section  IX,  with  the  exception  of  solvenj
reclamation which was considered for solvent-wash paints.  Analyszs ot
the  technologies  resulted  in  the  development of three options for
pretreatment standards for existing sources.

Technology Options Available:

Option One - Physical-chemical treatment by coagulation/flocculation
           and sedimentation  (BAT  Option One)

Option Two - Reduction in wastewater volume generated to 0.04  liter
           per liter of water-rinsed  (water or  caustic-washed)
           paint manufactured through the  use of  in-plant controls
           such  as recycle and/or  water conservation followed  by
           Option  One treatment  of nonrecyclable  wastes

Option Three - No  discharge of pollutants  through the use of Option Two
           technologies,  solvent reclamation, or  contract
           hauling of nonrecyclable wastes (BAT Option  Four)

Other evaluated  technologies  were unacceptable  due   to  a  lack of
demonstrated   effectiveness on  paint  wastewater,  or severe economic or
nonwater quality impacts.

RATIONALE USED TO DEVELOP PRETREATMENT STANDARDS  FOR EXISTING SOURCES

The elimination  of pollutant  discharge for solvent-wash paint is based
 on the  hazardous and toxic nature of these  wastes   and  the  economic
advantage  in   reclaiming the solvents-   Since  no water is used in the
cleaning solvent-wash equipment, the  solvents   and  off-specification
batches   comprise  the  entire  discharge  of  this subcategory.  Most
 plants  in the  subcategory currently  do  not  discharge  wastes.   The
Agency  is requiring that the remainder of the industry meet this level
 of good practice.

 Caustic  and/or  water-wash  subcategory standards are based on strict
 control of water use.   This  control  is  achieved  through  in-plant
 controls  such  as high-pressure rinses, recycle of water and caustic-
 washes,  and contract hauling  of  nonrecyclable  wastes..   The  Agency
                                   192

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rejected  Options  One and Two because they fail to provide consistent
removal of toxic pollutants to the level  attained  by  Option  Three.
Due  to  the toxic nature of paint wastewater, EPA has determined that
the disposal of these wastes  to  properly  designed  hazardous  waste
disposal sites is preferable to discharge to POTW.

SIZE,  AGE,  PRODUCTION  METHODS,  RAW  MATERIALS  AND  PRODUCTS, TANK
CLEANING TECHNIQUES                                               	

As previously noted in Section IX for  BAT,  paint  is  produced  with
methods  and  equipment  which  are  relatively  uniform from plant to
plant.  As a result, the factors of size, age, production methods, raw
materials, and  products  do  not  affect  wastewater  characteristics
significantly.   Tank  cleaning techniques are the fundamental factors
which control these characteristics.  Therefore, the subcategorization
of the paint industry is based on use of solvent,  caustic,  or  water
for tank cleaning.

ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF PRETREATMENT FOR EXISTING SOURCES

Waste  solvents  produced  by  tank  and  equipment  cleaning  can  be
regenerated  easily  through  distillation.   Not  surprisingly,  many
plants  recover their solvents and distill them on site.  Other plants
sell waste solvents to scavengers who regenerate and market them..  Few
plants therefore, have any reason to discharge waste solvents  to  the
POTW.

As  noted  in  Section  IX  for  BAT,  the  use  of  in-plant controls
significantly reduces the wastewater from caustic and/or  water-washed
paint formulation which must be eliminated.

Recycle, high-pressure rinses, dry clean up of floors, and precleaning
of  tanks  with  squeegees  or  rags  are  all  techniques  to  reduce
wastewater for disposal to 0.04 liter/liter or less.  The  removal  of
the  nonrecyclable  wastes  by  contract  hauler  to a hazardous waste
disposal site should provide an acceptably safe method of disposal for
these toxic materials.  Recycle of  wastewater  to  the  product  also
conserves raw materials in addition to saving water.

NONWATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

EPA  estimates  that  the  implementation  of  PSES  will  generate an
additional 150,000 to 300,000 metric tons (wet)  of  hazardous  wastes.
It   should  be  noted  that  PSES  also  will  commensurately  reduce
concentrations and quantities of toxic  pollutants  in  POTW  sludges.
These  sludges  will become more amenable to a wider range of disposal
alternatives, possibly including beneficial use on agricultural lands.
Moreover, disposal of adulterated POTW sludges is  significantly  more
                                 193

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difficult  and  costly  than  disposal of smaller quantities of wastes
from individual plant sites.

No significant change in consumptive water use or atmospheric  quality
in  terms  of  air  emissions,  noise,  or  radiation will result from
implementation of PSES.

TOTAL COST OF APPLICATION IN RELATION TO EFFLUENT REDUCTION BENEFITS

Based on the cost information presented in Section  VIII,  elimination
of  pollutant  discharges  by  paint plants to POTW is possible with a
total capital investment of 10.8 million dollars.  The annualized cost
for the industry will be 11 million dollars.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES

There shall be no discharge of pollutants in process wastewaters  from
the   Solvent-Wash  Subcategory  and  the  Caustic  and/or  Water-Wash
Subcategory of the Paint Formulating Point Source Category.

REGULATED POLLUTANTS

Issuance of  this  regulation  will  prevent  the  discharges  of  all
pollutants  from affected indirect dischargers.  The significant toxic
pollutants controlled are:
Chromium  (Total)
Copper  (Total)
Lead  (Total)
Mercury  (Total)
Nickel  (Total)
Zinc  (Total)
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Ethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Di (2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
If the Agency had selected Pretreatment Option   Two   for  the   Caustic
and/or  water-Wash  Subcategory,  numerical  mass  limitations  would-be
used.  Concentration values are not  appropriate  due to  the   ease  with
which  dilution  can  occur  by   indiscriminate  water use in equipment
cleaning.

The  mass  limitations  are  based   on  the  median   percent   removal
calculated in Table VII-6, average observed  pollutant concentration  in
untreated  wastewater reported in Table V-22, and  wastewater discharge
of 0.04 liter per liter of water-rinsed paint produced.
                                  194

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The resulting concentration and mass limitations would  be:
Pollutant

Chromium (Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Mercury (Total)
Nickel (Total)
Zinc (Total)
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Ethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
  mg/1000 liters
  water-rinsed
     paint	

     57.4
     30.7
     25.2
     24.7
     12.4
    299.0
     27.0
No Discharge
     59.8
     35.4
      0.5
      2.2
      0,4
    186.9
lb/1000 gallons
water-rinsed
	paint	

  0.0005
  0.0003
  0.0002
  0.0002
  0.0001
  0.0025
  0.0002
No Discharge
  0.0005
  0.0003
  0-0001
  0.0001
  0.0001
  0.0016
                                 195

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                             SECTION XII

                PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
INTRODUCTION      •—•'•.                                   •

Section 307(c)  of the Act requires the EPA to promulgate  Pretreatment
Standards  for New Sources (PSNS) at the same time that it promulgates
NSPS.  New indirect dischargers, like new direct dischargers, have the
opportunity   to   incorporate   the   best   available   demonstrated
technologies including process changes, in-plant controls, and end-of-
pipe treatment technologies, and to use plant site selection to insure
adequate treatment system installation.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCE PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

New Source Pretreatment Standards were based on the options considered
for  PSES  in Section XI.  Since PSES represents the current state-of-
the-art  technology,  no  further  improvement  for  new  sources   is
possible.

Based  on  analyses  of  the technology options, EPA chose PSES Option
Three for PSNS for the caustic and/or  water-wash' subcategory.   This
option completely eliminates pollutant discharges from paint plants to
POTW,.   Selection  of  PSES  Options  One  or  Two  would provide less
stringent requirements for PSNS than PSES and  would  be  inconsistent
with the basis for PSNS limitations.

RATIONALE USED TO DEVELOP PSNS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

The rationale used to select PSNS was identical to that used to select
PSES  in  Section XI.  No justification could be found for selecting a
technology option for PSNS less stringent than PSES.
SIZE, PRODUCTION METHODS, RAW MATERIALS AND  PRODUCTS,
TECHNIQUES
TANK  CLEANING
The  aspects  of  size,  production  methods  and  products,  and tank
cleaning techniques for the  paint  industry  discussed  for  PSES  in
Section XI also apply to PSNS.

ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

In  addition  to  the  engineering aspects discussed in Section XI for
PSES, it should be noted that the design  of  new  plants  offers  the
opportunity  to  optimize  performance  of  in-plant  controls.   This
optimization should enable new plants  to  attain  PSNS  with  reduced
                                  197

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hazardous  waste  generation  in  comparison  to  many existing plants
meeting BAT.

NONWATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The  nonwater  quality  environmental  impacts  associated  with  NSPS
effluent  limitations  are  the same as those associated with PSES, as
discussed in Section IX.  Energy consumption in order  to  attain  new
source  performance  should  represent  a negligible fraction of total
plant consumption.

TOTAL COST OF APPLICATION IN RELATION TO EFFLUENT REDUCTION BENEFITS

EPA  estimates  that  production  costs  for   new   source   indirect
dischargers may increase by 3.1 cents per gallon.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES

There  shall be no discharge of pollutants in process wastewaters from
the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory  of  the  Paint  Formulating
Point Source Category..
The  prohibition  of  discharge  of
Subcategory promulgated in  40  CFR
unchanged.

REGULATED POLLUTANTS
pollutants  from the Solvent-Wash
446  on  July  28,  1975  remains
The  pollutants  controlled  are identical to those controlled by PSES
and discussed in Section XI.  If the Agency had selected  pretreatment
Option  Two  for  the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory, numerical
mass limitations equal to those calculated for this option in  Section
XI would have been used.
                                  198

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                             SECTION XIII

                           ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgment   is   made  to  all  Environmental  Protection  Agency
personnel contributing to the overall project  effort.   Specifically,
the  development  of  this  report  was  under  the  direction  of the
following EPA personnel:
Pobert B. Schaffer
John E. Riley
James R. Berlow
Lisa Friedman
Barry Malter
Louis DuPuis
John Kukulka
Chris Ehret
Director, Effluent Guidelines Division
Chief, Wood Products and Fibers Branch
Project Officer, Paint and Ink Industries
Office of the General Counsel
Office of the General Counsel
Office of Analysis and Evaluation
Office of Analysis and Evaluation
Monitoring and Data Support Division
Acknowledgment is  also  made  for  the  .helpful  cooperation  of  the
following paint and ink industry Working Group Members:

Michael Flaherty
Samuel Napolitano
Richard Raines
Fanny Knox
Roman Kuchkuda
Benjamin Lim
Matthew Straus
Ronald Turner

Special  thanks go to David Alexander, the EPA Project Officer for the
first two years of the project, and to the Document Preparation  Staff
of  Kaye  Starr,  Pearl  Smith,  Carol  Swann, Vicky Wilson, and Nancy
Zrubek.  Micki Treacy is especially noted for her valuable secretarial
assistance.

Appreciation  is  extended  to  the  National   Paint   and   Coatings
Association,  especially  Executive  Director  Robert  Nelson, and the
Water  Quality  Task  Force  for  their  assistance  and   cooperation
throughout this project.
Appreciation  is  also  extended
participation in the study:
      to the following companies for their
Ameritone Paint Div, Grow Chemical
Benjamin Moore and Co.
Binney and Smith, Inc.
Cook Paint arid Varnish Inc.
                                  199

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DeSoto Inc.
DeVoe and Raynolds Co.
E.I. DuPont de Nemours Inc.
Enterprise Paint corporation
Farwest Paint Co.
P. O. Pierce, Inc.
General Paint Co.
Glidden Division of SCM Inc.
McCloskey Varnish Corp.
Major Paints Div. Standard Brands Paint
Mobil Chemical Corp.
Mobile Paint Manufacturing Co.
National Paint and Varnish Co.
Norris Paint Co.
Norton and Son Inc.
O'Brien Corporation
PPG Industries Inc.
Parker Paint Co.
Patterson Sargent Inc.
PurAll Paint Inc.
Reliance Universal, Inc.
Sherwin Williams Inc.
Standard T. Chemical  Co.
Whiteline Paint Co.
The  following members of  the
significant  contributions  to
report:

Arnold S. Vernick,  P.E.
Howard D. Feiler,  P..E.
Paul J.  Storch,  P.E.
Mark V.  sadowski
Richard  Hergenroeder
Roy  E. Ehlenberg
Burns  and  Roe  Technical  Staff  made
 the project and the. development of the
      Manager, Environmental Engineering
      Project Manager
      Project Engineer ,
      Assistant Project Engineer
      Civil Engineer
      Systems Engineer
 The assistance of Mrs.  S.  Frances Thompson and  Miss  Emilie  Carl
 Burns and Roe in the typing of this report is specifically noted.
                                     of
 The  efforts  of  Edward  H,   Richardson Associates, Inc. in regard to
 sampling and  analysis  is  greatly  appreciated.    Specifically,  the
 efforts of Mr. Albert Merena are acknowledged.
                                  200

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                              SECTION XIV

                               REFERENCES

1,  Barrett, W.J. , Go A, Mooneau,  and J.J.»  Rodig,  Waterborne Wastes  of
the   Paint  and  Inorganic   Pigments  Industries,   Southern  Research
Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, July, 1973,  EPA 670/2-74-030.,

2.  Environmental Protection  Agency,  Development Document for  Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance  Standards  for  the
Oil  Base  Solvent  Wash  Subcategories of   the Paint  and  the  ink
Formulating Point Source Category, Washington,  DC,  July 1975..

3.  Burns and Roe industrial  Services Corporation,   Draft  Development
Document  for  Effluent Limitations  Guidelines,  Pretreatment Standards
    New Source Performance Standards  for the  Paint  and Ink Formulating
Point Source Categories -  Water- Base,  Water- Wash,   and  Caustic- Wash
Subcategorie s g Paramus, NJ,  September,  1976,

4.  Environmental Protection Agency,  Assessment  of   Industrial   Waste
Practices ;   Paint  and  Allied  Products   Industry,   Contract Solvent
Reclaiming  Operations,,   and   Factory  Application   of   Coatings,
Washington, DC, 1976.                                         -

5.  Marketing Guide to the Paint Industry,  4th  Edition,   Charles  H..
Kline and Company, Fairfield* NJ, 1975..

6.  Paint Red Book, 8th edition, Palmerton  Publishing  Company,   Inc. ,
New York, NY, 1976..

7.  "Census of Manufactures". Bureau  of the Census, U,.S,. Department of
Commerce, 1972.

8-  Raw Materials Index - Pigments and  Solvents,  National  Paint  and
Coatings Association, Washington, DC, 1975,=

9-  Raw  Materials  Index  -  Resins,   National  Paint  and   Coatings
Association, Washington, DC, 1972..

10. Raw Materials Index - Drying Oils,  National  Paint and  Coatings
Association, Washington, DC, 1973..

11. Colour Index., 3rd Edition, Society  of Dyers  and   Colourists   with
acknowledgement  to  the  American Association of Textile  Chemists and
Colorists,  1971,

12. Arthur D. Little, Inc. "Economic  Analysis  of  Proposed  Effluent
Guidelines:   Paint  and Allied Products and  Printing Ink  Industries",
                                  201

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Draft Document for the Environmental  Protection  Agency,  Washington,
DC, August, 1974.

13. Nie, N. , C. Hull,  J.  Jenkins,  K.  Steinbrenner,  and  D.  Bent,
Statistical  Package  for  the Social Sciences$5, 2nd Edition, McGraw--
Hill Book Company, 1975.

14. Shreeve,  R.,  "Surface-Coating  Industries",   Chemical   Process
Industries, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company,' New York, NY, 1967..

15. Environmental  Protection  Agency,   "Field  Notes   and   Chemical
Analyses   -  Survey  of  Paint  and  Ink  Manufacturers   in  Oakland,
California,"  collected  by  National  Field  Investigations   Center,
Denver, Colorado, October, 1973..

16. Hine,  W.R.,  "Disposal  of  Waste   Solvents,"  Journal  of  Paint
Technology, 43  (588):75-78, July, 1971.

17. Williams, Rodney, "Latex Wastes and  Treatment," Paper  presented at
the meeting of the Golden Gate Section,  National  Paint  and  Coatings
Association, San Francisco, California,  June, 1972.

18. Environmental Protection Agency, Development Document  for Proposed
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New  Source  Performance  Standards
for  the  Synthetic  Resins  Segment  of the  Plastics  and Synthetic
Materials Manufacturing Paint Source Category, Washington, DC, August,
1973.

19. Bruhns, F., "The paint industry vs.  Water  Pollution," Paint  and
Varnish Production, May, 1971, pp. 35-39.
20. Lederer, S..J. and  M.  Goll,  "The  Mercury  Problem,"
Varnish Production, March, 1971, pp.. 26-35..
           Paint  and
21. Mann, A., "Mercury Biocides:  Paint's Problem Material," Paint  and
Varnish Production, March, 1971, pp.  26-35.

22. Yazujian, D., "Chemicals in  Coatings,"  Chemical  Week,  October,
1971, pp.. 35-51.
23. Mann,  A.,  "1972  Review-1973  Forecast,"
Production, July, 1973, pp. 23-36..
Paint   and   Varnish
24. Larsen, D., K. Kunel, "COD Solids Removal Exceeds  90ft  in Effluent
from Coatings Plant," Chemical Processing, January,  1971,  pp. 16-17.

25. Maas, W., "Solid Waste  Disposal  and  Organic   Finishing,"  Metal
Finishing, March, 1972, pp. 44, 45, 49.
                                  202

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 26. Desoto Corporation, Desoto Waste Treatment System for Latex  Paint
 Wastes. Chicago,, Illinois,     ~~                	—±ii£

 27. Reid,, L.C., "Memorandum to Record,"  (Specifying  Plants  Attaining
 No  Discharge of Process Wastewater to Surface Waters),. National Field
 Investigations  Center,  Environmental  Protection   Agency,   Denver
 Colorado, December, 1973-January, 1974.-

 28. Reid, L-C..,, and A. Masse, "Trip Reports," (Paint and Ink Plants in
 Chicago,  Illinois  and  Oakland,  California  Areas),  National  Field
 Investigations   Center,   Environmental  Protection  Agency,  Denver
 Colorado, December, 1973-January, 1974-

 29,. _ "Water Quality Criteria, 1972," National Academy of  Sciences  and
 National   Academy  of  Engineering  for  the  Environmental Protection
 Agency, Washington, DC, 1973 (U.S. Government  Printing  office  Stock
 No. 5501—00520),.

 30. Pashman,  Howard, Paper presented to the Water Quality  Task  Force
 of the  National Paint and Coatings Association,  December 9, 1976.
 31.  Environmental    Protection   Agency,   Handbook   for
 Industrial Wastewater.  Washington,  DC, August, 1973..    ~~
Monitoring
 32. Environmental  Protection Agency,  Methods for Chemical Analysis  of
 Water and Wastes,  Cincinnati, OH,  1974^~~	•	  ~

 33. Environmental  Protection Agency,  Federal  Guidelines;   State  and
 Local Pretreatment Programs,,  Washington,  DC, January, 1977. 	  	

 IJ- Environmental  Protection Agency,  Rationale for the Development  of
 BAT Priority Pollutant Parameters.  Washington, 5c7 June, 1977.7	  —

 35. Environmental  Protection  Agency,  Sampling and Analysis  Procedures
                                 Effluents   for  Priority,  Pollutants,


 36, Environmental   Protection Agency,  General  Reference   Materials
Relating  to  the   Measurement of Priority  Pollutants,  Washington. nnr
June, 1977,.                                 ~~~~~~~~~———

37. Coppa-Zuccari,  I.G.,  "Wastewater  Treatment  in  Paint  Works."
Polymers, Paint,, and Colour Journal,  May  11,  1976,  pp 114 - 115..,

38. Tackett, -Raymond,  "State-of-the-Art  of   Waste  Disposal in  the
^o^inff  *ndusfcrY  Cas of June 1973)» Journal of Paint Technology.  46
 (590)  63-68, March  1974..                             	ai
                                  203

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39. Chin-Pao, H, M. Ghadirian, "Physical-Chemical Treatment  of  .paint
industry  Wastewater,"  Journal  Water Pollution Control Federation 46
(10) 2340-2346, October 1974.

40. Williams,  Rodney,  "Regulating  Latex  Paint  Wastes,  Part   I,"
Industrial Wastes, July/August 1974, pp 15-17.

41. Williams,  Rodney,  "Regulating  Latex  paint  Waste,  Part   II,"
Industrial Wastes, September/October 1974.

42. Hine, Willard, "Disposal of  Waste  Solvents,"  Journal  of  Paint
Technoloav$5, 43  (558), July 1971.

43. Broadbent, David, "Energy Conservation  and ; Pollution  Control  in
•the Paint Finishing Industry," Product Finishing, July 1974, pp  8-11.

44. Sethuraman, V.V., and B..C. Raymahashay, "Color Removal  by  Clays-
Kinetic   Study    of   Adsorption   of  Cationic  and  Anionic  Dyes,"
Environmental Science and Technology, 9   (13)  pp  11391140,   December
1975,

45, Spring,  Samuel, "Disposal of Paint,  Overspray,"   Metal  Finishing,
July 1965, pp 63-66..

46. Dry  Color Manufacturers  Association,  Appendix E   of  the   comments
made   to  the  proposed  rules  on  the   "Manufacturing,  Processing,
Distribution in commerce, and Use  Bans of  Polychlorincited   Biphenyls"
as appeared  in the Federal Register on June 7, 1978.
                                  204

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                              SECTION XV

                               GLOSSARY


Acrylic  Resin.   A  synthetic  resin made from derivatives of acrylic
acid.

Activated Carbon.  A highly absorbent form of carbon, used  to  remove
dissolved organic matter from wastewater.

Additive.   One  of  a  number of materials added to coatings in small
amounts to alter one or more of its properties.   They  include  anti-
skinning  agents,  anti-settling agents, anti-sagging agents, leveling
agents, etc.  Almost always the total concentration of these additives
will be less than one percent.  Driers are not  generally  defined  as
additives.

Aerated  Lagoon..  A pond or lagoon of wastewater artificially supplied
or impregnated with air.  The aeration is used  to  foster  biological
and chemical purification.

Alkyd  Resin.   A  synthetic  resin  made from polyhydric alcohols and
polybasic acids.

Allied Products.  Products other than paint which are included in  SIC
2851  such  as" putty,  caulking compounds, stains, shellacs, varnish,
paint remover, wood sealers, etc.
                                         *.
Background Level.  The amounts of toxic pollutants present in  process
intake waters  (tap water),

Ball  Mill.   A horizontally mounted cylindrical tank containing steel
or ceramic balls that reduce particle size of materials when the  tank
is rotated.

Batch.   Any  manufacturing  or  treatment process which accumulates  a
fixed volume of material  (i..e- wastewater) for  processing,  treatment
or discharge.  Compare to Continuous,.

BATEA.    Limitations  for  point  sources  which  are  based  on  the
application of the Best Available Technology Economically  Achievable.
These limitations must be achieved by July 1, 1985.

Binder.   The  film forming ingredient in paint that binds the pigment
particles together.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand  (BOD5).  The amount of  oxygen  required  by
microorganisms  while  stabilizing  decomposable  organic matter under
                                  205

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aerobic conditions.  The xevei ot BOD5  is  usually  measured  as  the
demand   for  oxygen  over  a  standard  five-day  period.   Generally
expressed as mg/1.

Biocide.  Chemical used to inhibit biological life.
Biological Treatment.
to treat wastewaters.
The use of aerobic and/or  anaerobic  organisms
Blowdown.   Water  intentionally  discharged from a cooling or heating
system  to  maintain  the  dissolved  solids  concentration   of   the
circulating  water  below a specific critical level.  The removal of a
portion of any process flow to maintain the constituents of  the  flow
within desired levels.  Process may be intermittent or continuous.

BOD.  Biochemical Oxygen Demand.

Capital  Costs.   Expenditures  which result in the acquisition of, or
the addition to, capital or fixed assets..  Costs associated  with  the
installation of such assets are included in capital costs.

Captive Manufacturing Site.  A plant which only manufactures paint for
internal use or use by other divisions of a parent organization.

Caulking Compound.  A soft plastic material, consisting of pigment and
vehicle,  used  for  sealing  joints in buildings and other structures
where normal structural movement may occur.

Caustic Rinse.  The cleaning  of  residue  from  paint  tanks  with "a"
caustic solution.  See closed loop caustic system, open caustic system
and partial recycle caustic system.

Caustic Soda.  In its hydrated form it is called sodium hydroxide.

Chemical  Oxygen  Demand   {COD)..   A  measure of the amount of organic
matter which can be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water by  a  strong
oxidizing agent under acidic conditions.  Generally expressed as mg/1.

Chemical  Treatment.  A process involving the addition of chemicals to
wastewater to induce the settling of solid matter and remove dissolved
materials.  Materials commonly  used  in  chemical  treatment  include
polyelectrolytes,   lime   and   alum-    (See  also  Physical-Chemical
Treatment.)

Clarification.  Any process or combination of processes,  the  primary
purpose of which is to reduce the concentration of suspended matter in
a liguid.
                                  206

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Clean Water Act..
PL 92-500.
                  The Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments 1977.
Closed  Loop  Caustic  System.  A tank cleaning system which .recyles a
primary caustic rinse and uses all of a secondary water rinse as make-
up water for the caustic.  Compare to Open Caustic System and  Partial
Recycle Caustic System.

Coating.   A paint, varnish, lacquer, or other finish used to create a
protective and/or decorative layer.

COD.  Chemical Oxygen Demand

Colorant.  A concentrated coloring agent which  is  added  to  a  base
paint to produce the desired final color.  Colorants are usually added
to the paint by the retailer for the customer.

Continuous.   Any  manufacturing  process  which produces a continuous
flow of product or wastewater and treats or discharges  wastewater  at
the same rate at which it is generated.  Compare to Batch.

Contract Hauling.  The collection of wastewater or sludge by a private
disposal  service,  scavenger,  or purveyor in tank trucks or by other
means for transportation from the site.
Cost Center.  A business whose  objective  it
         within cost or expense parameters.  A
mission
income.
is  to  accomplish  its
cost center realizes no
Discharge  of  Wastewater.   Th  release  of  treated   or   -untreated
wastewater  to  a receiving water, POTW, or any other location that is
off-site.  Examples of instances where wastewater is generated but not
discharged are total recycling, total  on-site  containment,  contract
hauling of wastewater, and total evaporation.
Disperser.   Mixing
paint or ink.
                     machine that acts to distribute the components of
Dispersing Agent.  A reagent that is compatible with the
holds finely divided matter dispersed in the solvent.
                                                          solvent  and
Drier.   A  composition  which  accelerates  the drying of oil, paint,
printing ink, or varnish.  Driers are  available  in  both  solid  and
liquid forms.

Drying  Oil.   An  oil  which  readily  takes  oxygen from the air and
changes it to a relatively hard, tough, elastic substance when exposed
to form a thin, dry  film.   Drying  oils  also  act  as  binders  for
pigments used in coatings.
                                 207

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Enamel.   A  pigmented coating which is characterized by an ability to
form an especially smooth film which is free from brush or other  tool
marks.   Although  most  enamels  are  glossy,  flat  enamels are also
available.   They  are  usually  considered  to  be  relatively   hard
coatings.

Equalization.   Any  process  for  averaging variations in flow and/or
composition of wastewater so as to effect a more uniform discharge.

Evaporation of Wastewater.  A disposal  method  in  which  natural  or
induced heat causes evaporation of wastewater.

Extender.  A pigment which is usually inexpensive and inert in nature,
USed  to give opacity and extend or increase the bulk of a paint, thus
reducing its unit cost, and modifying its consistency.

Exterior Paint.  A coating for the outside surfaces of a structure.

Film.  Layer or coat of paint or other material applied to a surface.
Flocculants.  Those water-soluble organic  polyelectrolytes  that  ^
used  alone  or in conjunction with  inorganic  coagulants  such  as lime,
alum or ferric  chloride  or  coagulant  aids  to   agglomerate solids
suspended in aqueous  systems  or both.  The large dense  floes resulting
from  this process permit more rapid and more  efficient sol ids- liquids
separations.

Flotation.  Dissolved Air Flotation  (DAF) or dispersed  air flotation,
are  processes  that   inject  air into wastewater causing  dissolved and
suspended material to float to the surface for removal.

Fungicide.  An agent  that helps prevent  mold or  mildew  growth  on  a
painted surface.

Generation of Wastewater.   The process whereby wastewater results  from
the  manufacturing  process,,   Wastewater  may be  generated  but not
discharged.  See  Discharge  of Wastewater-

Gravity Separation.   Any process in  which oil, grease,  skins or  other
floating  solids  are  allowed  to rise  to the surface, where  they are
skimmed off, while heavier  solids are allowed  to  settle out..

Industrial Sales  Paint.  Paint  which  is   primarily  sold to  other
manufacturers   for  factory  application to  such  porducts as aircraft,
appliances,  furniture, machinery, etc.

Interior Paint.   A coating  for the  inside  surfaces of a structure.
                                  208

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 Lacquer.   A solution in an organic solvent of a natural  or  synthetic
 resin,  a cellulose ester or a cellulose ester together with modifying
 agents, such as plasticizers, resins, waxes, and  pigments.   Lacquers
 may be  clear or pigmented, and dry by solvent evaporation only,  other
 types  of coatings by comparison,  dry by a combination of evaporation,
 oxzdation,  and polymerization of portions of their constituents.

 Lagoon.   A shallow body of water,  such as a pond or lake, which can be
 used for  impoundment for purposes  of storage, treatment or disposal.

 Landfill.  A solid waste land disposal  technique  in  which  waste  is
 placed  in  an  excavation  and covered  with earth.   Wastewaters and
 sludges may occasionally be disposed of in landfills..

 Latex.    Aqueous  colloidal  dispersion  of  rubber   or   rubber-like
 substances.                                                        J-J-R.C
                 A  P^int  containing  a  stable  aqueous dispersion of
 synthetic  resin,  produced by emulsion polymerization,  as the principal
 constituent  of  the  binder.   Modifying resins  may also  be used.

 Marine Paint.   A varnish specially designed to withstand immersion  in
 water and  exposure  to marine atmosphere.

 Mildewcide.  See  Fungicide.

 Mineral  Spirits.   A petroleum  derivative used as a  thinner for paints
 and varnishes.   It  usually boils  in the range of 1U9 to 204°c (300  to
 40 0<>F) and has  a  flash point just about 27»C  (100°F),.

 Mixing.    The incorporation  of  ingredients  into a coating with  the use
 or little  or no shearing energy.

 NPDE? (National  Pollutant   Discharge  Elimination  System)   Permit A
 P^rmvta • 1Sf UGd  by  EPA   or  an  aPProved state program  to point  sources
 which discharge to  public waters  allowing the discharge of  wastewater
 unaer certain stated conditions,

 Neutralization.     Addition   of   acid or  alkali  until  the   PH  is
 approximately neutral (i.e,,  pH = 7).

 Noncontact Cooling  Water.. Water  which is used  for  cooling purposes
 •Jv   iS       2° dlrect  contact  with and is  in no way contaminated by
 either the manufacturing  process  or  contaminated wastewaters,   in   the
 cooling process, however, it  may  experience a change in temperature.

OSHA.  The Occupational Safety  and Health Act.
                                  209

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Oil-Base  Paint.   A paint that contains drying oil and oil varnish as
the basic vehicle ingredient.

Open Caustic System.  Any tank or tub cleaning system  that  does  not
reuse any part of a secondary water rinse following caustic washing.

Operating Costs.  Expenses necessary for the maintenance and operation
of capital assets, including depreciation, interest, labor, materials,
etc.

pja.   The  reciprocal  logarithm  of the hydrogen ion concentration in
wastewater expressed as a standard unit.

POTW  (Publicly Owned  Treatment  Works).   Wastewater  collection  and
treatment—facilities owned and operated by a public authority  such as
a municipality or county.
Paint.
combination  of  a  pigment,  ejctender  and  vehicle,  and
        additives,  in  a  liquid  composition,  which  is
 frequently   other  	
 converted  to an opaque solid film after application..

 Partial  Recycle Caustic System.   A  tank  or  tub  cleaning  operation
 which recycles  a  primary  caustic  rinse and uses  only a portion of
 secondary  water rinse as make-up water for the  caustic.    Compare  to
 Closed Loop caustic System and Open Caustic System-

 Physical-Chemical.   The  method  of  treating  wastewaters using com-
 binations  of the  processes  of  coagulation,   flocculation,  sedimen-
 tation,  carbon  adsorption,  electrodialysis   or reverse osmosis.  As
 used in  this study, a physical-chemical treatment system involves  the
 addition  of  chemicals to wastewater to induce the settling of solids
 and  removal • of  dissolved  materials,   followed   by   mixing   and
 sedimentation.

 Pioment.   A  general  term  used to describe any of a wide variety of
 organic   inorganic, natural, or synthetic insoluble material which are
 added to coatings to produce a desired color,  viscosity, solids  level
 or gloss.

 Plasticizer.   A  substance  added  to  paint,  varnish, or lacquer to
 impart flexibility.

 Powder Coating.  A coating prepared as a dry powder, which  is  placed
 on a surface and fused into a cohesive film.

 Preservative.   Material  added to water-thinned paints to prevent the
 growth of bacteria or yeast in the can during paint storage.
                                    210

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Primer.  The  first of two or more coats of paint, varnish, or   lacquer
system.

Process  Wastewater.   Any  used  water  which results  from or  has had
contact with  the manufacturing process, including any water for which
there  is  a  reasonable  possibility  of contamination from the paint
manufacturing process or from raw material-intermediate product-final
product  storage,  transportation,  handling  processing or cleaning.
Examples of process wastewater include wastewater  generated  by  tank
washing,  filling  machine  washing equipment, or floor cleaning, etc.
Cooling water, sanitary wastewater, storm water  and  boiler  blowdown
are not considered process wastewater if they have no contact with the
process.

Profit Center.  A business or portion of a business whose objective it
is  to contribute income over and above its expenditures and allocated
charges.

Public Waters.  All navigable waters of  the  United  States  and  the
tributaries   thereof;  all  interstate waters and tributaries thereof;
and all intrastate lakes, rivers, streams and tributaries thereof  not
privately owned.

Purveyor.  See Contract Hauling.

Putty.   A dough-like material consisting of pigment and vehicle, used
for sealing glass in frames, and for filling imperfections in wood  or
metal surfaces.
Reclaimed.
use.
Water,  or solvent which has been treated and restored for
Recycle of Wastewater.  The piping of wastewater, whether  treated
not, from its points of final collection to a prior process step.
                                                       or
Resin.  A natural or synthetic material that is the main ingredient of
paint  which  binds  the  various other ingredients together.  It also
aids adhesion to the surface.
Reuse of Wastewater.
wastewater  for  the
manufacturing process.
         The collection of either
         purpose  of  utilization
treated  or  untreated
in a prior step of the
Scavenger.  See Contract Hauling
Screening.  Samples taken of untreated wastewater  only  to  determine
the absence or presence of toxic pollutants (see also Verification).
                                  211

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Settlement Agreement:.  A court approved agreement between the National
Resources  Defense  Council   (NRDC)  and  EPA  covering  21 industrial
categories, one of which is paint and ink manufacturing and  printing,
for review of BATEA, including a study of toxic pollutant levels..

Settling.  The process of disposition of suspended matter carried by a
liquid  by  gravity.   It  is  usually  accomplished  by  reducing the
velocity of the liquid below the point at which it can  transport  the
suspended   material,  as  opposed  to  gravity  separation  in  which
floatables are also removed.

Shellac.  A type of  varnish  made  by  dissolving  shellac  resin  in
alcohol.  Shellac  is  the  form  of lac resin obtained in thin curled
sheets  (shells).

Sludge Conditioning.  Treatment of liquid sludge by chemical addition,
dewatering, filtration, drying or other methods.

Spray Irrigation.  Transport of sludge or wastewater to a distribution
system from which it is sprayed over an  area  of  land.   The  liquid
percolates  into  the  soil  and/or evaporates.  None of the sludge or
wastewater runs off the irrigated area.

Solvent.  The volatile part of a  paint  composition  that  evaporates
during drying.
Solvent-Base  Paint.   Paints   in  which  the
soluble or dispersed in an organic solvent.
resin or film former is
Stain.  A solution or suspension  of  coloring  matter   in  a  vehicle
designed  primarily  to be applied to create color effects rather than
to form a protective coating.  A transparent  or  semi-opaque  coating
that colors without completely obscuring the grain of the surface,.

Thinner.  The portion of a paint, varnish, lacquer, or  related product
that   volatilizes  during  the  drying  process.   The solvents  and
dilutents which act as thinners are used to reduce coating  viscosity,
and  prevent  oxidation,  polymerization,  and  drying prior to coating
application.

Tint.  A color produced by the mixture of white pigment or  paint  in
predominating  amounts  with  a  colored pigment or paint which  is not
white.
Tint-Base Paint.  A noncolored  paint  shipped   to
colorants are added to  customer specifications.

TOC.  Total Organic Carbon
   the  retailer  where
                                  212

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 Totaj-  Organic  Carbon  £T-x^ .  A ,,*.^ure of the amount of carbon in a
 sample originating from organic .mat "en  only.   The  test  is  run  by
 burning the sample and measuring the carbon dioxide produced.

 Total Suspended Solids (TSSi,  Solids that either float on the surface
 of,  or are in suspension in, water and which are largely removable bv
 filtering or sedimentation.

 Tote-Bin.   A shipping container that may be used to make paints.

 Toxic Pollutant.   One of the elements or compounds on a  list  of  129
 derived  from  the  Settlement  Agreement  (See  Appendix  E  of  this
 document) .

 Trade Sales Painto   Paints   which  are  sold  to  the  do-it-yourself
 market,  i..e.,,   the  over-the-counter  retail  segment of the coatings
 market.  Trade sales paint does not include paint  which  is  sold  to
 painting contractors or similar professionals.

 Treatment.    Any  process  of conditioning water, wastewater or sludae
 prior to use,  reuse,  or discharge.                          -

 Ultrafiltration.   A process  similar to reverse   osmosis  that  reduces
 the . solids content of a'feed stream by pressurizing the feed while it
 is  in contact with a semi-permeable membrane.    Water  molecules   pass
 through the membrane while the solids are left  behind*

 Varnish.    The  volatile   and nonvolatile liquid portion of a paint or
 coating which disperses and  suspends  the pigment whenever  the latter
 is  used.

 Vehicle.    The  volatile   and nonvolatile liquid portion of a paint or
 coating which disperses and suspends  the pigment.whenever  the latter
 is  used.

 Verification.   A  sampling program including samples of untreated and
 treated wastewater and sludge  to determine the  levels  of  classical
 Pollutant and toxic pollutants known  to  be present,  as  well as removal
 efficiencies  by   various  wastewater treatment processes.   (See  also
 Screening.)
Volatile Fraction.  That portion of a coating
the film during the drying process.
which  evaporates  from
Water-Base—Paint.   Paints which use water as the primary vehicle for
all other raw materials.  Water-base paints  may  contain  some  semi-
drying oils, such as soybean oil for desired drying characteristics.
                                  213

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        APPENDIX A

DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIOS
                                                   O
                                                  i/
            215

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A.

1.

2.
                                       PAINT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY SURVEY

     General Information  (Hoc*:  For Multiple Plane Companies, couplet* on*

     Name of Fira
                                      	 Companies	
                          quentionnaire for'each manufacturing' site'.)
     Plant Location and Hailing Address_
      (including Zip cod*)
     Telephone Number
4.   Name and Title of B««pondont_
S.   Address and Telephone Number of Respondent (if different)_
6.   Indicate your type of business organization:  (Multiplant Companies indicate status of parent company).

     Incorporated, Publicly Hold |~~]         Incorporated, Privately Held f~]         Partnership ["]

     Proprietorship P"!                      Cooperative |  |

7.   Indicate the status of this site:

     a.   The Company's only aanufacturing location |  |     b.   A branch of a multiple plant company j   I

                                                            d.   A captive manufacturing site [  [
     tr.   A division (or subsidiary) of a parent or|™~|
          affiliated coapany            >            I—I
8.   If b, c or d is chicked for Question 7, this facility is ai  Cost Center [""]    Profit Center [~~|  (See definitions)

B.   General Plant Ooarations (Paint Manufacturing only)
1.
7.
     Indicate nuober of estployees at this site:
                                                                                                                   More Than
                   Le«S Than 10   10-20   21-30   31-40   41-50   51-60   61-70   71-80   81-90   91-100   101-150   ISO
     Average (1976)    [~j

     Maximum (1976)
                                   Q     D     D     D     D     D     D     D     Q       D    D
                                   a     n     n     a     a     a     a     a     n       n    a
2.   Does your monthly production ever vary by more than 25% (excluding shutdown for maintenance or vacation)
3.   Age of Paint Manufacturing operation (years):

     Less than 3 fl     3-51  1    6-101  1   11-20 T
4.   Total 1976 annual production volu
                                                                           More than 30 |~|

                                                                                SO, 001-200,000 [~~]
                                                            21-301  I
                                        —•       *_«j           L_J
                                         (gallons):     Less than 50,000

                    200,001-1 million Q]    1 million-S million Q   Greater than S million  Q

S.   Indicate the percent of naxinuB production capacity your plant achieved in 1976:



6.   Average annual production over the last S years (gallons):  Less than 50,000 P"]     50,001-200,000 ("")
                    ZOO ,001-1 million |~]         1 million-5 nillion Q       Greater than S million   |  |

     Approximate marknt value of products manufactured at this plant ($) :  Less than 250,000 (""[    250,001-500,000 ["""]

     505,001-1.5 million Q  l.S to 3 millionQ   3-5 million Q   5-10millionQ    Over 10 million [""]
8.   Indicate the number of the various size fixed and portable paint manufacturing tanks (tubs) at your plant that
     require cleaning (use closest tank size shown).  Do not include any dedicated storage tanks (i.e., solvent,
     resin, etc.) that: are rarely or never cleaned.
Number of Tanks
Tank Size (Gallons) 0
Less than 250
251 - 500
501 - 1000
1001 - 1500
1501 - 2500
2501 - 6000
More than 6000
Average number
•a
a
a
n
a
Q
a
of. production
1-5
a
a
a
a
D
a
a
shifts per
6 -10
Q
n
a
a
a
. a .
a
day: 1 Q
11-20
n"
Q
n
a
n
...a
E ...
] 2D
21-50
rj
D
a
a
a
'a
a
•a
More than
n
:a
a
.a
a
;D
a

                                                            -1-
                                                                  217

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10.  Length of  shifts  (Hours):     T\  |      a[~]     10 Q     12 [
11.  dumber of  days of production per week under average production:
                                                                        Other
12.  Indicate the. number of days per year the paint plant operates:
               150-200Q    201-250 Q.    251-300 Q] .   301-36S Q]    Exact,  (if known)_

"•  SSS5 S-iSrErW"*" "ZSSSff '" """.oor^oooQ "' '"££36.000
                                  100,000-500,000 Q      over 500,OOP[I
                                                                                              manufacturing
                      °D
                                                                             actual (if known)_
                                                                                                        _gpd.
14.   Indicate  the percent of water used  for each of the following:
                                            Percent of Total Water Usage

.Used in Product
Cooling Water
toiler Feed
Tub t Equipment Cleaning
Sanitary
Air Pollution Control
Other
0 1-10
DD
D D
i^__i i 	 j
DD
DD
D D
DD
n n
11-20
D
D
D
D
D
D
n
21-30
D
D
D
D
D
D
n
31-40
D
D
D
D
D
n
n
41-50
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
51-60
n
D
n
n
a
D
a
61-70
D
D
a
a
a
a
D
71-80
D
a
a
D
a
a
a
81-90
D
D
a
n
a
a
n
91-99
D
a
D
D
a
a
a
100
a
D
D
D
D
D
D
 C.   Production Breakdown
     Indicate the appropriate percent of production for the four categories listed below: ^
                                    Percent of Total Callonaoe of Paints and Coatings Produced

                                                   31-40   41-50    51-60   61-70   71-80   81-90
                             1-10   11-20   21-30
 General  Production
1. Trade Sales
2. Industrial Sales
3. Other Formulated
Products
Vehicles
4. Water Thinned
5. Solvent Thinned
6. Other
Color Formulations
7. White and Tint Base
8. Colors
Moments Osed
(excluding titanlusO
9. Organic
10. Inorganic
XI. Do you manufacture
D
D
n

D
D
Q

Q
D


Q
D
resins
D
D
n

n
D
n

n
n


n
n
at this
D
n
D

n
n
n

n
D


n.
D
site?
D
D
D

D
D
n

n
D


n
n

n
n
n

n
n
n

n
D


D
D
Y»,Q
                                                            n    D     D    a    a
                                                            a    a     a    a    D
                                                            a    D     a    D'   D
                                                            a    D     D    n    a
                                                            D    a     ana
                                                            a    a     a    D :   a
                                                            a    a     a    n    a
                                                            a    a     a    a    a
                                                                                                  91-100   100
                                                                                                   D    D
                                                                                                   D    D
                                                                                                   D.   D
                                                                                                   D    D
                                                                                                   D    D
                                                                                                   a    a
                                                                                                   a    a
                                                                                                   a    a
                                                            D    a     a    a     D     a     D
                                             D    D     D    D     D    D  ;   a     DD
                                                 Y«,Q   NOQ
 12. Indicate which allied products you manufacture at this plant site:   Varnish,  clear or-unpigmented coatings Q
      ShellacQ    Caulking CcopoundQ    Putty Q       Gravure InksQ    Powder Coatings Q
                Paint and Varnish Reaiovers Q     Wood fillers  or sealants Q     other    	.	
  D.   Tank  (Tub) and Equipaent Cleaning Operations and Housekeeping
  1.   Indicate the nethodts)  used to  clean tanks, tubs, filling  macW—- etc.  (check as  »any as applicable):
      Hater Rinse Q Caustic WashQ Solvent WashQ Dry Clean Up Techniques Q  Periodic Caustic SoakQ
  2.   If you use a caustic system,  indicate which type:
            Closed Loop (Complete Recycle) Q       Open (Mo  Recycle) Q    Partial Recycle Q
  3.   11 you use a water rinse, indicate  the water pressure  used:
            Less than SO psiQ 51-100 psiQ 101-150 psi Q    Greater than  150 psi Q
  4.   Do you pick up spills using dry clean-up methods?     YasQ     ""I  ]        ,              : .   .
                                                            218

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  S.   , Indicate the appropriate frequency for each of the  following equigaent cleaning or housekeeping operationst



  Clean tanks between each batch

  Reuse spent rinse water in
   subsequent batches

  Reuse spent rinse water to
   wash tanks, equipment, cite.

  6.   Are any floor draiiui or sumpn connected to the stont sewer?      Yes |  [   No [  |

  7.   Are any floor drainn or suapi connected to the sanitary sewer?   Yes |  [   No [   |

  8.   Indicate approximately how such water is used to clean the tank sizes listed (if .water rinse is used at this  site)*.
All The Tine
n
a
a
Host of the Tim
a
a
a
Occasionally „ /
D
D
n
Hevei
D
n
D
Tank Size
(Gallons)
Less than 250
2SO - SOO
SOi - 1000
1001 - 1500
1501 - 2SOO
2501 - 6000
More than 6000
If you uaa solvent uast
Volume of Water. Used to Clean a
0-60
n
D
.D
., V.Q
D
D
n
ling is your
61-100
d
n
D
n
D
n
D
spent solvent
101-200
n
a
a
a
• a
a
a
redistilled?
•Tnnk (Gallons)
More than 201
a
a
a
a'
a
a
a
Y..Q ,
  9.

. 10.   Do you redistill solvent at this site?       Yes [~~|    Ho [""]

           If yes, do you lisa steam injection distillation?      Yes I
                                                                                     HO
                                                                                       a
                                                                          No
                                                                            D
          If steaa injection distillation is used, what is the disposition of the contact steam condensate

           Discharged to  titora sever r*1      Discharged to sanitary s»ier[~]   Mixed with cooling water (""]

           Mixed with othitr process wastewater |  \           other I' I      '.     •  "\     •.      '            '

11.  If caustic is used for tank cleaning,, is spent caustic discharged  Ka the sanitary sewer?  Yes[  [   No)  [

12.  If solvent is used for tank cleaning, are spent solvents discharged to the sanitary sewer?     Yesj  |    "o|  |

 E.  'Other Wastewater Sources         •    ,        .   .   •  '        .           ,   ,  .      ;       .   .     '   .

      Do you operate spray booths  (water curtain- type) in the paine plant?      Yes [  [   So [   [

      Do you use wet scrubbers In the paint plant for air pollution ooncrol?    , Yes [  J   Mo |   |

      Which of the followilng other air pollution control devices do you utilize?  (paint atnufacturing operations only)

      Afterburners [  |    .Electrostatic Praeipitators \\    Baghouse Collectors [•  j  Cyclones (  ]    Filters [~*|
  1.

  2.

  3.
  4.    Indicate which of the following wastewaters are contained with tank cleaning wastewaeer .before disposal i

       Wet Scrubber |  )    Spray Booth [~]     Boiler Blowdo»n[~]       [toiler Cleaning Q      Sanitary f] .

       Non-Contact  CoolingjP]  Laboratory r"~|      steaa Condensate [""],  Other  (indicate)       '

  P.    Wastewater Handling and Disposal       '• •.      •  :             '      .         •       ,•'..]      •
  1.    Total volume of raw wastewatar generated' daily (gallons):     .-.  -  ..

                     0    1-100    101-500 .  SO1-1000    1001-6000   6001-12,000    Over 12,000
Average
                    Q   Q.    Q       Q
                                                             D          D            CD
                                                         .    a        .a-,      .a  :       '   -..'•,•--•
  2.    Of this  wastewater, indicate the method (s) of disposal practiced:  Complete Reuse or Recycle ["*"[

       Evaporation^"]     Partial Reuse or Recycle]^  Discharge to City  Sewer f^   Discharge to Storm Sewer f~1

       Discharge  to Receiving water  P~l  mpoundnent and storage r~\  Incineration f""]  ' Ocean Quaping!"""!
       Scavenger, Outside Contractor or Purveyor [  |  Landfillj  [   Deep Well  Injection ]   [  Spray Irrigation |  [ .
                                                             219

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3.   Total Voltsae of paint waatawatar di.ehargad from plant dailyi
                         0     1-100     101-500    501-1000    1001-6000   6001-12,000    Ov«r 12.000
 7.
     Average
     Peak
                       on       n        n         o          n,."        n
                       oo'O        o         n          no
4.   If proce.a waatewatar i« diacharged to public watara, do you have an HPDES peroit?   *».Q    No f~|
5.   Hire you made an application for an NPOES parnit for proceaa waatawatar?             V««O    No LJ
6.   Hare you applied for -and/or received an nTDgS permit for cooling water or  atorawater runoff?   Yea J~J   No j
     If yea to 4, S or 6, indicata the name ol! atream or water body receiving your waatewatar	_
 8.    If procaaa waatewatar ia diacharged to city aewer,  indicate the name and addrea. of the sewer authority or
      municipality:             '
10
 ».    Indicata If the municipality or aewaga authority utilize, any of the
      Induatrial Waata Ordinance Q  Sewer U». Charge, or Surehargee Q   Waatewatar .ampling at your plant Q
      local permit  ayatam to diacbarge to the aewerQ Require* you to  .ample and analyze your own waatewater Q
  i.    I. tha plant  vaatewater treated or conditioned in any way before diapoaal?     *««O   Ho LJ
Uaatawater Source.

Prociia Haatawatar
Raaia Hanufacturing
Waatewatara
•oiler Slowdown
Air follution Control
Sanitary
Cooling watar
other

0%
d
o

D
•D
D
a
a
ioftf;
int prior
breataent
.'Lfthe
"eltent"*

ch waatewater ..Cream, are
ontribution to Idle waatewatar ;
tit of Total Waatewater Stream -OnderuoingTreatment
1-20
D
D

D
0
0
.n.
n
21-40
o
o

n
o
o
o
n
41-«0
O
0

D
0
n
D
D
61-80
D
O

D
0
•D
O
D
81-99
"d
n

o
D :
0
D
0
100
D
D

D
D
Q
D
O
 U.    mdieata «thod{») of vaatawatar traaownt or conditioning uaad at your aita,  MautralizationQ Filtration
       E»«»r.tiooQ   FlotationQ  Activate Slu^.D  -*"*1*** '"t«Q ^««Q  Gravity Sapar.tion
       Carbon AdsorptionQ  Z__;	
                                                                                          formulating plant'.
       If you are required to pay a .ewer bill, M«er uaa charge or aurcharg. for the
       waatewatar discharge, indicate the annual amount!   $	_	
       If waatewatar i.  treated at your .it., what i. th. diapoaition of  .ludg. produced,
       Stored on plant prop«*yQ  IncineratedQ  SoldQ   Contract Di.po.alQ
       Trucked to appropriate  landfill by plant Q     Other
  18.   I. aludga conditioned in any way befora di.po»al?    1am [_J   Mo [_)
                                                              220

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 19.   If wastewater, spent solvent or sludge is hauled away by outside contractors, indicate their name(s),  address
      and phone number:
 20.  Indicate hew the outside contractor* or scavenger disposes of the wastewater of sludgei

      City Landfill or Quag ["")     Private Landfill or DuopJ^]    Incineration I"""]     Reclaim or Reuse |  |

      Don't knowQ]                other (indicate)	
 21.   What is the approximate cost per gallon of transportation and contract disposal:  Cents Per gallon

 22.   If you have In-plant wastewater treatment, what percent of the wastawater flow ends up as sludge:

               0-5% Q     6-10% Q]   11-15% Q   16-20% Q    21-25% Q]    Over 25% |  |

 23.   Indicate how you handle off-spec or other spoiled batches:   Discharge with Waatewater|  [

      Sell to Scavengers |~  |   Give to Scavengers |   |   Blend into or utilize in another product |   [

      Other (indicate)

 24.   Indicate which of tha following analyses have been done on your wastewater or sludge:

      pH Q   suspended Solids Q     Oil and Grease Q    BOD Q      Total Solids Q    Turbidity

      COO \\   Heavy Metals ^^         Trace Organics |~"|    OUher (indicate)
 25.  If you responded positively for any of the analyse* listed above,  please  attach data sheets sunurifing the
      analytical inforaaticn you have collected for the la*t four years.  Indicate whether the analyse* are for
      untreated or treated wastewater, and whether the process wastewatar strew wa* coabined with other waste
      •tre»«s at the point of sampling.

 26.  Estimate the combined new investment and total operating costs that will  be required during the next four
      year* to meet existing water pollution control regulation* on the  local,  state and Federal level*.
      Total Hew Investment required S                       Annual Operating Costs S
 27.  Indicate which of tha following miscellaneous regulatory areas you expect will require significant investment
      over tha next four (4) yearst

      Odor[j       Thermal [*"]    Solid Haste ^^     OSH&["~1  Air Pollution Control |~~|

      Toxic Substance* Act f~|      Safe Drinking Water |~]

 28.  Estimate the anticipated new investment and annual operating costs to neat the current requirements of these
      other regulatory considerations over the next four (4) years:
      Total Hew Inveitment Required 5                       Annual Operating Costs S


 G.    «AK MATERIAL!!


      Please check the appropriate box  for each class of raw materiel which is used at this site (regardless
      of quantity used).   If you are not positive about the heading used, check the list of tradenames and
      numbers and ch«ek the box If you  use one of the material*  listed.  If you use an unlisted material
      which is described exactly by the heading, check the box;  listing the other material is optional.  If
      there i* no  oither" lilted for any category, cheek the box only if one of the specific listed materials
      i* u*ed.  Abbreviation u«ed for company name* are listed at  the end of thi* section.

 [   |  WHITE "*\o                                 tteuuna HP DYES

       E                                                   f~l ZI»C OXIDE FRENCH
 Cyastab  series                                            '—' 	
 Hammond:  "Halcarb* Serie*                                 AJARCO -AZO 66. 77  77s
 Eagle^Picher:  "£-P»202". "e-f-303-.'t-t 41*                H.J. zinc:  Flo'renc'e Green Seal  - ir "WUXW 25,515
 Oncor 45x                                                 gt> Jo. Hin^a!.,   -st. jo..  . 91l
 Other:                                                    Other:
f~~]  AMTIMONY. OXIP«                  .                      j~~|
                                                               ZINC ttUJM
Chemtron:  tn 6200 Series                                 r.». Davis:  SOSW,  505HJ, J1345, 533W, 533WJ, J1310
Harshaw,  KR, KR-ra                                       Dupont: Y-539-O
ML Ind.:  Regular (IHS)i  Rod Star; Grade 10> Ftt-li          Other:
          Oncor -23A>  75RA> 7SRAZ
Oth"!                                                    [^] ZIMC DUST AND  FLAKES

I	]  ZINC SULFIDE PIGMENTS                                 H.j. zinc:  "Standard Zinc Dust" - 22, 44, 422, 444,  64>
                                                                      "High Purify Zinc Dust" - 122,222
                                                          U.S. Bronxe:  751,  752
wal«r!                                                    Otheir:


^F!g!ifff^55.55U>.55CT                       D .SrSS ^^^>^^^^^^'


x^j££  —                            ^mjs-^sis- •»
Ozide  30-P                                               oth.lr,
St. Joe Minerals:   "ST JOB" - 17,20,40
other:

-------
 n
 	CADMIUM RED

fetro Corp.:  V-806O, V-8560, V-8840, V-8830, V-8530,
              V-B82O, V-8521, V-8835, V-8825, V-884S,
              V-8540
General Colon  800, 805, 813, 824, 827, 1000, 1010,
                1020, 1024, 1027, 2000, 2O12, 2020,
                2024, 2027, 3015, 3020, 3022, 3027, 1005
Clidden:  "Cadsolith" 200 Series;  2000 Series
Kaishav:  "Lithopone Red* Serins; CP 1400 Series;
           cr 1500 series
Kerculast  X-2327, X-3327, X-2328, X-3328, X-2329, X-3329,
           X-2330, X-2947, X-2948, X-2949, X-2950X
Other Cadaiua Reds:
                                                                 n
 n
     CASMIUH-HEaCUlCf REO, MAHOOH, ORAMGE
         Series
Karshawi  18060, 18120, 18210, 18290, 18370, 18410
          CT Cadaiua Series
Karcadlua  Red Series
Othtri
  n
  	CADMIUM YELLOW Am ORAMCE

FtlTOt  V-9820, V-9S20, V-9810, V-9S10, V-8810, V-881S
Central Cgloci  920, 950, 970, 620, 640, 660
Cadsolitli  Siriai
CUddaai  3050, 3150, 3250, 3350, 3450, 355O
Haribav Chea.i  14OO Series;, 1500 Scries; Priarosa	-. 2P> 391U..
                23, 1400 Series,) Leaon 30, 306, 32, 33,
                Yellow 4.0, 406, 42, 43, 45, 456, tight
                Orange SO
Herculesi  X-2272, X-2273, X-2283, X-2315, X-2821, X-2825,
           X-2823, X-2824, X-2825, X-2826, X-3201, X-3203,
           X-320S, X-2320, X-2326. X-2945, X-2946
Other Cadaiua Vellow and Oranget
  n
  _ CHEQUE GREEK

A*. Cyanaaidt   "Horvood Green"   10-8000 Series
tfaxculast  A-4400 C.P. Series
Othert
  I   I
     HYDRATSD CHROMIUM OXIDE

Herculesi  X-1010. X-1483, X-2944
•fizert  ca-9869
Other:

  riciaCMIUM OXIDE

r.B. Davist  3020, J 5310, J 5351
Herculest  X-1134 C.P., X-1861 C.P.
•Clzer:  G 4099,  G 5099,  G 6099, G 6199, G  7099
Other
  D
     CHIICHE YELUH

An. Cyaiuaid - Yellow 40 Series, Prinrose 40 1450, 1460
r.». Davis - 31200 Series                      _
Duponc - Y-7S8-D;' Y-433-O; 434 D, 469 D, Krolor  K£ Snries
ttarshawi  "Yellow 2000" Series; "Grellow" 3950, 3951,
          "Prinrose" Series, Softex Series
Herculest  X-1937, X-3148, X-1945, X-2558, X-1899, X-:!S48,
           X-33SS, X-1809, X-2S41, X-3356, X-2891, X-2774,
           X-3215, X-2777, X-2778, X-3218, X-3480, X-1.810
          X-203S, X-3431, X-3459 Rampart:  HR Hed.
Oncor11 Y47-A
Michaat  1561E, 1590, 1610E, 1610, 3105E, 3105, S777E,
         1678PD, 1677PD, 1605PD, 1640, 1670
Xelchholdi  Yellow 45-100 Series, 45-200 Series
Other Chroeve Yellows:
  n
     CMaOMS ORAHCE

Karshaui  2201, 2204, 2213, 2205, 2209, 2203
Herculesi  X-819 CP Light
Other:

  I  IHOtYBPATE ORANGE COMTAINIHS CHROMIPH AND/OR LEAD

Asi. Cyanaaid:  Orange 4OO-8000 Series
Dupont:  Holy. Orange YE Series; Krolor  Or.Y. KO-789-D;
         Xrolor  Cz.Y. XO-786-D; Xrolor  Red, Kr-980-D
Harshawi  "King Orange" Series
Herculesi  Itsx ™ Orange Series, "Chili Red" X-3170,
           Raapart  Or - X-3386, X-3390; Raapart
Michtsil  Holy. Or. 1720, 1730, 1740
Xeichholdi  Orange 45-365,  45-366, 45-370,  45-382
Other Holybdate Oranges i
                                                   HR Or X-3047
                                                                     RED LEAD, LITHARGE, BLUE LEAD, ETC.

                                                                 Eagle-Picher:  Eagle 97 Red Lead; Eagle 29 Litharge;
                                                                                Eagle 33 Litharge; Eagle Sublimed Blue
                                                                                Lead
                                                                 Hamond:  "Litharge" lOOYj Red Lead - 85%, 95%, 97%
                                                                           98%, Orange Mineral
                                                                 HL Ind:  Red Lead 95%,. 97%, 98%; "Fuse" Litharge;
                                                                          •Color Makers" Litharge
                                                                 Other:

                                                                   lluJMIHESCEMT PIGMENTS COMIAININS LEAD

                                                                 Hostanol" 13-3397, 3398, 3399, 11-5100
                                                                 Other:
                                                                   n
                                                                   	ULTRAMARINE BLUE COMTAIMING SILVER

                                                                 Davis Co.!  410B, 448, 449, 458B, 4156M, 4S32B
                                                                 fohnstam:  A4S7S, A9S29
                                                                 Landers-Segal:  53017, 5303F, S183F, S400F
                                                                 Uittaker, Clark, Daniels:  500 Series
                                                                 Other:
                                                                   D
     IBOH BLUB CONTAINING CTMIIDE3
Km. Cyanaaid:  50-0000 Series, "AlJcaloric",  "Milori",
               •Blacks toner
F.B.Davis:  "Milori" Blue 4049, 4215
Barshaw:  "Milori" Blue AR 4028, 4050
Hercules:  X-640 "C.P., X-2274 C.P., X-i316J C.P.",
           X-2285-C.P., X-1835-C.P., X-712.C.P.
           A-984 C.P., X-3434, X-3340
Other:

D     BROWN AND GRAY PIGMEKTS CONTAINING ZIHC
     AND/OR CHROHIUM      	•   	

Ferroi. V-9117, V-9119, V-9121, V-5101, V-S102,
       F-6109, F-6111, F-6112, F-6113, V-9128
Harshaw:  7733, 7739, 7751, 7760, 7776,
Hercules: 10393, 10352, 10369, 10392, 10327, 10391,
          10378, 10328, 10363, 10394
Other Browns and Grays Containing Zinc And/Or ChnMd.ua  ,

  llpHTHALOCYAHIHg BLUE

An. Cyanaaid:  "Cyan" 55-3000 Series
HostapermT 15-1000 Serias
BASF:  "Paliofast* Blue - 6000 Series, 7000 Series
Chantroni  BT-4510, BL-4521, BT-4S59, M-4S61.
           BT-4S64. BT-4614, BT-4651
Irgazin  Blue 3GT
Irgalite  Blue LGLD
Dupont:  Monstral  Blue BT Series, BL Series,
         •Ramapo" Blue - BP Series
Haraon Colors:  B-4714, 8-4769, B-4773, B-4804
Harshaw:  "Zulu" Blue 4800 Series
Hercules:  X-2925, X-3374, X-3048, X-2303, X-3414,
           X-3228, X-2371, X-2810, X-3367, X-34S3,
           X-2658, X-2372, X-3241, A-4434,JJ-3485,
           X-3527, x-9120, X-9220, Monarch   Blue, Series
Hilton-Davis:  30-0286, 30-0291, 30-0344)
               SUP-R-CONC  6-68-C-301
Kohnstam:  A5712 "Honafasf  Blue
Nichesi:  "Phthalo* Blue SOOO  Series,  1140j
Sandoz:  "Graphthal"  Blue BHK
Sun Chen:  Sunfast  Blue and  Peach Blue Series
Other Phthalocyanina  Blue:
                                                                    n
  	PHTHALOCYAHIHE GREED

 Am. Cyanamid:   Cyan Green Y1S-3040)  B1S-3100
 Hostaperm  16-2000 Series
 BASF:  Paliorast Green 8600, 8680,  8720,  9140,  9360
 Chaatron:  GT 4800 Series
 Dupont:  Monstral  Green  GT Series
          •Ranapo" Green B, GT-S01-D
 Haraon Colors:  G-5000 Series
 Harahaw:  "Zulu" Green - 3800 Series
 Herculesi  X-3166, X-3167, A-4433,  A-4436 R
 Hilton-Davis:  30-0315, 30-325; SUP-R-CONC
                6-68-C-401 B.S.
 Kohnstam:  B 1581, A 5776
 Hicham:  Phthalo Green 4000 Series
 Sandoz:  "Sandorin" Green 3GLS
 Sun Chea:  Sunfast  Green 264-0000  Seriem Sunfast" 464
            Series; "Emerald vista"  Green 264-444
 Other Phthalocyanine Greens:
                                                              222

-------
      Q
     CORROSION INHIBITING PIGMENTS CONTAINING CHROMIUM
r.B. Davist  Strontium Chrooate J-136S
             Calcium dwomate J-1376
Herculesi  X-2865, X-2974 Strontium Chromate
Other:
  n
  	CORROSION IHHIBITIHG PIGMENTS CONTAINING ZIHC

FB. Davis:  Zinc Molybdnto 0830, Zinc Phosphate 0852
 "HALOX"  ZX-111
NL Ind.:  Nalzin  SC-1. "Holy-white" 101, 212
Other:

    [CORROSION INHIBITING PIGMEKTS CONTAINING LEAD
Eagle Picher:  "Permox" 1-4-3, "Permox" EC
Hammond:  P-7, C-9
NL Ind.:  "Dyphos", Oncor  F-31, Oncor  M-SO
Other:                                             •

  I  IDIARYLIDE YELLOW TONER  (DICHLOROBEMZIDENE-DERIVEO)

Am. Cyanamid:  45-2555, 4S-26SO
Jot. Hoechst: 11-1101, 1103, 1006, 1O03, 1200, 1300, 1216,
             1300, 1216, 1012, 1013, 1305, 1125
             1012, 1013, 1305, 1125
Chemtroiu  YT-8073, YT-8047, YT-8093
Irgallte  Yellow LBAW
Harmon Colors:  518-5700 Saries
Harshaw: Yellow  1200 Sttd.es
Hercules:  X-248S, X-1940, X-247S,' X-2600, X-2882, X-333S,
           X-2838,  X-2EI64, X-3446, X-3S35, X-9340
Hilton-Davis:  Diarylidn Yel 30-0535, Sup-R-Conc Series
Kohnstans:  A9145, A9744, B3503, 83577, B361S
Hicham:  "Benezidin* 111." 3000 Scries
Sandoz:  4233-0, 4335-0,, 4534-0) "Graphtol Yellow" BCL
Sun Chea:  "Rangoon Y*l" 273-0000 Seriest "Radiant y«l"
           274-0000 Sari.eiii "Lason Metallic* - 275-0003,
           275-5129; "Diasylide Val" 275-0049; "TransPerB
           YHR" 275-2233
Other Diarylide yellow Voners (Diohlorobontidane Derived) >
 a
OIM1YLIDE ORANGE TONER (DICHLOBPBENZIDESE-DERIVED)
An. Cyanamid:  "Diarylide Or. "4S-285O, 4S-288O  Series
Am. Hoochoc: -Peru, or." 12-100O Series
Cheatron:  OT*5661
Harmon:  OP-5833
Hercules:  X-206S, X-30EI2
Sandoz: 3272-0
Sun Chaa:  276-2384                '    ,
Other Diarylida Orange Toners (Dichlorobenzidene Derived):

  IIPYRAZOLONE REDS AtSI HAROONS (DICHLOROBEM2IDENE DERIVED)
D                                                                  MISCELLANEOUS YELLOW AND ORANGE TOWSRS AMD LAKES
                                                                  CONTAINING NICKEL                  ,

                                                             BASF:  "Paliotol Yellow" 0830
                                                             DuPont:  "Green Gold- YT-714-D,  YT-562-D
                                                             Barshaw:   "Sun-Yellow-S", N8310, C8320,  "Sun-Buff"
                                                                       8380
                                                             Hercules:  X-3247 "Empress Green Yellow".  10401
                                                             Othar:

D                                                                  MISCELLANEOUS BLUE, PURPLE  AND VIOLET PIGMENTS
                                                                  CONTAINING CHROMIUM

                                                             Farro: V-S200 Blue;  V-S272 Blue-Green,  V-S274
                                                                    Mad.  Blue
                                                             Harshm:   "Meteor Cobalt* - BLK-7536
                                                                       "Meteor Cobalt" - BL 7550, 75S6
                                                                       "Meteor Turquoise-Cobalt" 7579
                                                             Othar:

D                                                                  MISCELLANEOUS BLUE, PURPLE  AND VIOLET PIGMENTS
                                                                  CONTAINING CADMIUM	           .'

                                                             Hercules i  10312 'Cerulean Blue"
                                                             Othar:
                                                              D
     MISCEUAMEOUS BUCK PIGMEMTS COMTMinMS COPPO
                                                             Perro:  V-3O2, V-717, F-2302, F-6331,
                                                             Harshaw:  7890 "Meteor ak"
                                                             Othar:
                                                              D
     MISCELLANEOUS BLACK PIGMENtS- CONTMITOC CHIMtHM
                                                             Pezro:  V-6730
                                                             Harcules:  10335 Slack
                                                             Othar:

                                                              I	1 MISCELLANEOUS YELLOW PIGMENTS COHTAIHIHG
                                                              I	IAMTIMOHY, LEAP, AHO/OR zmc

                                                             Hercules:  10315 Lanon Yellow, 10324 Aaber,
                                                                        10401 Yellow
                                                             Othar:
                                                                   D
                                                                       AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - WHITE COHTMHPIG AHTIMOCT
                                                             Auraspers*  Antimony Oxide H-320 HI LTS
                                                             Other:

                                                              |	1 AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - RED (DICHLOROBCMZIODENB
                                                              I	I DERIVED)                           .

                                                             Podoll:  W-SO31 "Pyrazolona Red"
                                                             Other:
Am. Hoechst:  13-1000 "Perm Red" VB
Harmon Colors:  R-6200 Series
Harshaw: "Pyrazolone Reel" 1153
Sun Chen:  "Anisco Red" 236-5025
Other:

  I	1 MISCELLANEOUS REDS, MAROONS TONERS AMD LAKES
  I	I CONTAINING ZINC, CHROMIUM, AND/OR LEAD

Am. Hoechst:  13-4305 "I'eirm Pink* R-D
Chemtron:  RTr5310; RT-S34O; RT-S39O
Other:
  D
MISCELLANEOUS YELLOW AND ORANGE TONERS AND
 LAKES CONTAINING ANTIMONY AMD/OR CHROMIUM
BASF:  "Paliotol Yellow" -1690, 177O, 2330;
Harshaw:  "Meteor Buff* 7370, 7376
          "Meteor Orangu" 7383  '            '
          "Meteor Tan" 7729
Other:

D     MISCELLANEOUS YELLOW AND ORANGE TONERS AND
     LAKES CONTAINING COPPER AND/OR DICHLOROBENZIDENE
     (DERIVED)

BASF:  "Paliotol Yellow'.' 1070
Harshaw:  "Pyrazalone Orange" 2912
Other:
                                                              ,—•i AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW (DICHLOROBENZIDE
                                                              I	J DERIVED)'       '        "•'

                                                             Col«nylR Yellow OT 11-1109
                                                             Aurxsperse  H-1041                         •
                                                             Hercules: X-2413, X-2453, X-3611
                                                             Sandoz:  "Graphtol Yellow* 4534-2
                                                             Podell:  W-3827
                                                             Oth«r:
                                                              D
     MISCELLANEOUS GREEK PIGMENTS COMTAXMIMS
     COPPER OR CHBOMIOM
Ferxo:  F 5686. 5687, 7687, 7610, 11633, 11649,
        11655, 11656         -.--...-•
Harxhaw:  Sun Green L 8420, Meteor 7416, 7459
Hercules:  10342,* 10329. 10307', 10402   '
Othor:
                                                              i—i AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW COSTAIHIHG LEAD
                                                              I	J AND/OR CHROMIUM	 "   -  '	':

                                                             HydrotintRRD 512, D536   T
                                                             Aurasperse  w-1031   *'        -         .:
                                                            'Harahaw B-1133
                                                             Inaont:  991 B022 chrome Lemon Yellow, 991 038
                                                                      Chrome Medium Yellow
                                                             Podoll:  H3013, W3507, IW3499, W39O3, W3904
                                                             Aqunaperse^ 877-000-2065
                                                             Colortrend  GP8865 G
                                                             Othnr Aqueous Dispersions - Yellow Containing Lead
                                                             and/or Chromium:
                                                          223

-------
 I - lAQOEOOS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW CONTAINING NIOCEL
 I  ImD/OR CADMIUM
Auxalperae  W10S1, W1068
Berculeii  X-3291                •               '
»odelll  H3941, W3946
Otheri                                 •

 I  I AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - ORANGE COSTAIMING LEAD

Daniel)  DL 20-69 Molybdate Or.
llydrotint * 0-5022
Auraiperse  H-2013        .
Inaontt  991-B-01S Holy Orange
Fodell:  H54017, IW4596
                                                                   D
                                                                       AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - BLUE CONTAINING SILVER
Aquatperse
Othiri
            877-000-0941 ,
  I - i AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - ORANGE  (DICHLOROIENSIDENZ
  | _ | DERIVED)  _          '

Aura»p«5»eR H-2090
       * X-24S7, X-3346
                        3272-2, 3333-2
Kodi*  N-54. AIHS4
Podolll  W-4124
Sandozt  -Graphtol" OR,
Otheri
  n
     AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - GREEN COWIAIHIUC COPPER
 _ AMD/OR CYANIDES

ColanylR Green 16-2005, 16-2O01, 16-2010
OiUMtront  HDG-55,
Oanleli  TO2744, UL20-77, DCS 10-70O, AC 66-7», OL 20-79
Hydrotint* D-36S8                           .         '
Aurasperie  U-6013                    ,               '
"»qul»" Hoo««tr»l  Gr«n - B.GH-749-P
Uarahawz  "dalo" Gr««n KC-D
IXf»t*m  CT««n - X-2346, X-24S4, X-2689, X-3244, X-3288,
Hilton-oavisi  6-ll-»-462i 6-ll-B-432i 6-33-T-410
Inaonti  991-B-041 "Phthmlo" Gr««n B/Si 991-OO6 "G»enr
 L»nd«r»-S«g»li  3336O "Rith»lo" Gr««n W.D.
 Pod.ll.  H-2603A, IW-2429
 Sindon  Gr«pht«l Gr««n 5869-2
 Aqu«p«s«  077-000-5511
 Cal-Tint  UC-3022, 3046, 3011
 Colortr«ndK GJ-8811D
 Tu>n«coi  'B>«lo" Cr««n 897-OOO-5501
 Othtr Aquioiu Di»p«r»lon» - Gra*n containing
 utd/or cyanldui

  I   I AQUEOUS DISPERSIOHS - GRECT cbtmaHIMG

 Oaalcli  DCS 10-72X.
 HydrotintR D-310
 nurupus*  u 6017
 ilir«h«Wi  OizoKlua Oxid. KC-K
 IKP.n.  Grwn X2722, X3289
          W-2035, W2607A, W2817
             877-000-4205
 C«l-TintR OC-300S
 Colortr«nd  GS-8805K
 Cth«r Aqu«ou» Di«per»ions - Gr««n Containing

      AQOEOOS DISPERSIONS - BLUE COWtAlNIHG COPPER MO/OR
  n

 ColanyAlue 15-1006
 Chematron WCB56
 Hlcrciol  Brilliant Blue 4S Past*
 Danielt  &C 66-27, WD 222i, UL 20-26,  UCS 10-20E
 HydrotineR D4S46 .  •          >
 "Aqul»" Kon»strarTBH-372-P, BW-431-P
 Auzaiperie  W412J
 Harihawi  "Phthalo" Blue HC-E, B-4011
 IKPerseR Blue X-2345, X-2446, X-2687,  X-2688,  X-2663,  X-3221
               X-3496
 Biltoo-Daviis  6-11-B-325 "Phthalo" Blue» 6-33-T-31S "Phthalo"
                Blue (G.S.)
 Inaontl  991 037, 9918-0401
 KodiB  Blue N-21
 Podelll  W-6402, W-6307R, IW-62934, IW-6942
 Sandoc:  "Graphtol" Blue 6812-2, 6825-2
 Tenneco:  895-000-7202 "Thalo" Blue
 Aqua-Speria'-Thalo" gj.u, - 877-000-7026, 877-000-7214
 Cal-Tint" Blue UC-3014; Colortrend  Blue - GP  8814E
 Other Aqueous Dispersions -Blue containing Copper And/or Cyanide
, Hydrotint  D4051
 Jtodil  Blue AD-23
 Landers-Segal:  S494-D Ultramarine Blue, WD
 Podell:  H-6032,  IW-6940
 Aquasperae  817-000-7504  Ultra Blue
 Cal-Tint  Blue  -  UC-3074
 Others            ,                             .

  |   | NON-AQUEOUS  DISPERSIONS  - BU3E CONTAINING SILVER

 Alkytint* 5448
 Daniel:  AL 221
 Innont: , 6297
 Tenneco s  .7504            '                             .
 Other:

  I   I NON-AQUEOUS  DISPERSIONS  - RED CONTAINING LEAD

 Daniels  AL62S  "Quinacridone" Red
 Alkytint  3-5022  Lt.  Molybdate Orange
 Hilton-Davis s  5-42-A-123 Toluidine Red, Dark
 other:

  I	1 NOM-AQUEOUS  DISPERSIONS  - RED CONTAINING
  I	I CADMIUM AMD  SELENIUM	'

 Inaonts  Cadniua Red -  5419,  5420
 Chroaa-Cal  Cadaiua Red 850-000-0601,  850-000-0801
 Other:

  i	1 NON-AQUEOUS  DISPERSIONS.- YELLOW  CONTAINING
  |	I LEAP AND/OR CHROMIUM	•

 Daniel i  Chrome Yellow - AL 405, AL  409
 Alkytint - Chrome Yellow - S-536, S-5S07
 Hilton-Davis:  Chrome Yellow -  S-24-A-200)
                S-24-A-203; 5-24-A-206) 5-42-A-201;
         _      S-42-A-206; 5-83-P-353! 5-21-P-212
 Auracote  Chrone Yellow 5-50-P-365
 Inaoht:  Chrone Yellow 3,6; Medina Chrome Yellow
       ,   2347,  2612, 4904, 5413, 5414, 6258
 Uni-Cal  66 - 6604M, 666SX
 Chroea-Cal  - 8507000-2006
 Tanneeo:  Chrome Yellow -.GPD 2006:  GPD 2510
 Other:

  •	1 NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW
  |	I (DICHLOROBgNZIOENE DERIVED)  .	

 Inaont:  Diarylida Yellow 1178,  Mansparent Yellow 1198
 Other:           '

  I	 NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - ORANGE CONTAINING
  |	| LEAD AND/OR CHROMIUM

 Daniel:  Molybdate Orange:  AL 615,  UL 2069
 Hilton-Davis:  Chrome orange 5-2
-------
  r—I MOM-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS -  GREEN CONTAINING
  I	I COPPER AND/OR CYANIDES	

 HostaprintR Green 16-2008
 Chemetron:   "Phthalo"  Green FS-784,-  FS-958;
            FS-1192, PS 1794
 Microlith  Green G--A,  G-T,  G-K
 Alkytint Green S-317
 Daniel:   "Phthalo" Green -  AL 703, UL 20-77,
          UCS 10-7013, AC 66-78,  UF 75-74, £P 30-71,
          PF 4750,  AL 745, UL 20-79,
 Hilton-Davis:   "Phthalo" Green  - 5-24=A-400,
          5-24-A-40S, 5-42-A-407, 5-42-A-411,  5-24-A-43S
          S-83-P-401, 5-42-A-400, 5-83-P-401,  5-21-P-441,
          5-21-P-444, Chroma Gr. 5-24-A-406
 Auracote Phthalo 3-65-A-427
 Innsont:   chrome -Gruan  l,'809t "Phthalo" Green
          1083,  1168, 1199,  1245, 2330, 2610,  3035,
          5412,  5447, 5412
 Podall:   2000 Serins prafix AL, AM,  AME, AV,  C, CS, CD,
          OU, LA,  LC, S,  VT,  Y
 Tenneco^ GPD-5503, GPD-4508-LF, AD-S503
 Uni-Cal   66 - 6611R
 Chroma-Cal   Green 850-000-5001
 Other Non-Aqueous Dispersions - araan containing
 Copper and/or Cyanides:

  [•J ASBESTOS
                                                                    i	1 NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSION -  BLUE CONTAINING COPPER
                                                                    I	j AND/OR CYANIDES	

                                                                   Microlith  Blue 4G-K,  4G-T,  A3R-K
                                                                   Alkytint" 54215, 54557, S-182
                                                                   Daniel:   AL 201A, AL  281A,  AL  296B, AC 66-27, UF 75-28,
                                                                            EP 30-23,  PF  4260,  AL 297R, AL  298, UL 20-26,
                                                                            UCS 10-20E
                                                                   Hilton-Davis:   "Chinese Blue"  5-24-A-304,  302; "Phthalo
                                                                                  Blue -  5-24-A-306, 304, 308, 309, 311,
                                                                                  5-21-P-335,  337,  5-42-A-312,' 305,
                                                                           R      S-83-P-300,301
                                                                   Auracote  Blue  5-65-A-39S
                                                                   Inmont:   1190,  1202,  1211,  2609,  5444, 5475, 3034,
                                                                            4914,  1077, 4916,  9024,  2327, 5498, 6150,
                                                                   Podell:   6000 Series prefix AL,  AM, AME, AV, C, CS, DU,
                                                                            LC, S,  SR, SK, VT,  Y
                                                                   Tenneco:  GPD-7308, 7209,
                                                                   Oni-CalK66 - 66O8P, 6614O
                                                                   Chroma-Cal  - 850-000-7202
                                                                   Other Non-Aqueous Dispersions  - Blue Containing Copper
                                                                   and/or Cyanides:
                                                                    D
     BON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - BLUE COHTAINING SILVER
                                                                   AlJsytint  5448
                                                                   Daniel:  At. 221
                                                                   Inmont:  6297
                                                                   Tanneco:  GPD 7504
                                                                   Other:
                                               CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES
  I	I DRIERS CONTAINING LEAD

Shepherd - La ad Tallates, Load Linoleates,
"HaxogenT, "Advasol", "Catalox", "Oetasol", "Qctoate",
Troychem , Troymax  . Troykyd  , Witco  , Witcon  ,
"Hex-Gem", "Tep-':e«", "Tallate", "Nuolata", "linorssinata",
"Lin-All", "Cem-All", "Interoar", "cyclodex",  "Koury-Dry",
"BED", "Mao-Nap", "NuXtra"
Other Driers Containing Laad:
  n
     DRIERS CONTAIHmS ZINC
Shepherd - zinc Aeatate, Zinc Tallates,
"Hexooen", "Catalos", "Octasol", "Octoate", Troytax
Witco  , Witcon , "E!ax-Cem", "Linorasinate", "Lin-All"
"Cam-All", "Noury-Dry", "HED", "Neo-Nap",  "NuXtra",
Other zinc Containing Driers:
  n
  	MISCELLANEOUS DRIERS

Shepherd - Copper Linoleataa: "Hexogen" - Copper Octoate;
"Advasol" - Copper; "Drytain-24"; "Saodecanoate" ,-
"Hex-Cem" - Nickel; "tinoraoinata" - Copper; "Huact"
  n
     DRIERS - NAPHTHENATE TYPE
Interstab Series, Fecro Sarios, "Nap-All" Series,
"UversoJ? Series, "Nuodsjs" Sarias, Shephord Series,
Troykyd  Series, Troyaan  Series, Hi too  Series
Other:
  D
     METALLIC SOAPS MSO FLATTIMG AGENTS CONTAINING ZIKC
Aero No. 4S B.S.P.; Diamond "Zinc St. H", "Zinc St. USP",
"Zinc St. USP 603", "Zinc St. 639C"; Nuodait USP, DLB-1O, DLG-20.
Technical; Plymouth, XXX-H,- SI-36, SI-50, So. 21;
Witco Regular, Lacquer Grado No. 3, NB-60; NB-70;
"Zinc PalBitate"
Other:
                                                                   I	IPLASTICI2ERS COHTAimMG DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE

                                                                  Allied  "Dibutyl Phthalate",
                                                                  ABSCO Dibutyl Phthalate
                                                                  CSC - Dibutyl Phthalate
                                                                  Xodaflex DBP
                                                                  Santicizer   213                                  •
                                                                  Buoplaz DBP
                                                                  Sherwin Williams CP-907
                                                                  Phthalic Acid; Dibutyl Ester; Ortho-Benzene-Carboxylic
                                                                  Acid; Dibutyl Ester; Benzene-O-Dicarboxylic Acid DI-N-
                                                                  Butyl Eater; DI-N-Butyl Phthalate,  "Celluflex DBP";
                                                                  "DBP",  "Elaol", "Haxaplas  H/B;  "Palatinolc"; "Polycizer
                                                                  DBP"; "PX-104"; "Staflex DBP";  "Witcizer 300"
                                                                  Other Plasticizers containing DI-N-Butyl Phthalate:

                                                                    I	IPLASTICIZERS COMTAIHIKG DIMETHYL PHTHALATE

                                                                  KodaflexR DOT
                                                                  Others:

                                                                    I  IPLASTICIZEBS coBTAiiima DIETHYI. PHTHALATE

                                                                  AESCO Oisthyl Phthalata
                                                                  Kodaf lex DEP
                                                                  Santicizer   885; Honsaato  DEP
                                                                  Formic Acid; Ethyl Eater;  1,2-Benzona Dicarbexylic
                                                                  Acid; Diethyl Ester; Ethyl Formic Ester; Phthalic Acid;
                                                                  Diothyl  Ester; Ethyl Mathanoata; Ethyl Phthalate; Formic
                                                                  Ether;  "Anozol", "Areginal", "Haantine"; "Palatinol A";
                                                                  "Phthalol";  "Plaeidola"; "Solvanol"
                                                                  Other:
 D
    J METALLIC SOAPS AND FLAITIKG AGBMTS CONTAIHIBS ZSKD

Diamond - Lead Stearate
.Nuodex v-1 Precipitated, V2 Fused
Witco 30
Other:
                                                         225
                                                                    n
                                                                       PLASTICIZERS COHVAININS DI-2-ETHTLHEXYL PHTHALATE

                                                                         R
                                                                  Jayf lax  OOP
Kodaflex  OOP
Santicizar 215
Othar:

 I  I STABILIZERS COMTAIHIKG LEAD

All Halstab Lead
All NL Lead
"Laad Stearate"
Other:

-------
                                              CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES (Cont.)


    J STABILIZERS CONTAINING ZINC AMP/OR CADMIUM                    I  I PRESERVATIVES CONTAINING COPPER
Inter»tab - EC-100S, EC-103, BC-103A, BC-103L,
BC-109, EC-110, BC-202, 761-28, 943-38, R-4023,
R-402S. 778-45, CZ-11, C2-11D, CZ-19A, CZ-10, ABC-1
ABO-7.
Ferro - 651I 1238, 703; 1241, 707X; 1701, 763, 1720, 760X,
1212A) 1776, 1237; 1777, 1827,, 5019, 184O, 5373,
2020; 5444, 2O3S; 5473, XV4s 5918, 2V4; 5919, 6V2;
S930, 6V6A, 19V1, 5002, S9V11
"Nuostabe" - VI; V1218, V2; V12SO, V12; V1255,
V133; V1277, V134; V1298, V152; V1399, V1026;
V1420. V1048; V1S03. V1204; V1S55, V1216; V1S72
Other Stabilizers Containing Zinc and/or Cadmium:
  D
     STABILIZERS CONTAINING LEAD OR PHENOL

Inters Cab LC—24
Troykydr Anti-Skin Special Hod.
         Anti-Skin Odorless
Other:

  I  1 WETTING AGENTS CONTAINING PHENOL

Diasond:  "Hyonic" Series
Hitco "936, 960, 980
Other:

  I	[MISCELLANEOUS WETTING AGENTS

Aerosol* OS
Troysan  zinc 8

  r—t VISCOSITY SUSPENSION £ FLOW CONTROL AGENTS
  I   I CONTAINING TOLUEHE

PlioliteR AC-3
Otheri

  I	I MiTI-SKINNING AGENTS CONTAINING PHENOLS

•Cuaiacol Special^:"; TroykydR Anttiskin Special
Xodizied, Troykyd  Antiskin Odorloss Liquid,
Troykyn  Antiskin S; NeviUac  10, TS
Other;
                                                             Intorstab "Copper Naphthenate" 6», 8%
                                                             "Intercide" Copper 10%
                                                             Insotral  CQ-A, CQ-WR, CN8
                                                             "Map-All"  Copper Naphthenate
                                                             "UversoJ"  Copper Naphthenate
                                                             Troysgn  Copper 8
                                                             Hitco  Copper Naphthenate
                                                             Nuodex Copper Naphthenate
                                                             "Quindex"     ,
                                                             Other Preservatives Containing Copper:

                                                              I	I PRESERVATIVES CONTAINING MERCURY

                                                             "Intercide" PMO 11», PMA 18», 60
                                                             Nuodex PMA-18, PMO-10
                                                             "Troyaan" CMP Acetate, PMA10 SEP, CMP 10 SEP,  PMO 30,
                                                                       PM8, Mercuric Oxide, PMA 30,  PMA 100
                                                             "Super AD-It"
                                                             Other Preservatives Containing Mercury
                                                              D
                                                                  PRESERVATIVES CONTAINING PENTACHLOROPHENOL (PCP)
                                                             Dowicide  G, EC-7
                                                             "Santobrite"
                                                             "Penta"
                                                             "Santophen-20"
                                                             "PCP";
                                                             Other PCP Preservatives

                                                              I   I PRESERVATIVES CONTAINING ZINC

                                                             "Interstab" zinc Naphthenate 8%
                                                             "Troysan" Zinc 8
                                                             "Vancide" 51Z
                                                             -Nap-All" Zinc Naphthenate
                                                             "Uversol" Zinc Naphthenate
                                                             Witco Zinc Naphthenate
                                                             Other Zinc Preservatives:

                                                              I   I OTHER PRESERVATIVES
                                                             Dowacide  A
  I	1 DRYING OIL MODIFIED ALKYD SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING
  !	[NAPHTHALENE

AroplaiR 310-V-50; "Coroc" L-26-84, S-47-H4, S-.4700-H4;
Reliance ALJ43i3-HA-50, AL-3617-HA-50, AL-4409-HA-60,
AL-4313-HA-50,
Other:

  i	1 DRYING OIL MODIFIED ALKYD .SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING
  I	I TOLUENE OR ETHYLB'ENZEHE	.	,	

Hopperst  1530-27, 7365-ES-70                      :
Reliance!• AL 431O-T-50, AL 4323-T-60
"synrasate" D-3O36O-T, W-7170-T
Othert
  D
NOK-ORYING C SEHI OXIDIZIHG OIL MODIFIED ALKYD SOLUBLE
IN OR COHTAIHIHC ETHYLBENZEHE OR TOLUENE	
Conchencn 323-010
Xoppers 99-4, 99-ES-70; "Mitasol" 123-6-T, 131, 902,
RCI-12-010, 12-021; Reliance AL-2107-TX-60, AL-2313-TIBr6Q,
AL-41O6-TX-75,, AL-4129-T-60;. "Symresate" W-7170-T
Other:

D     RESIN MODIFIED ALKYDS' SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING TOLUENE
     OR NAPHTHALENE	

AroplazR 1031-T-70; "Mirasol" 214, 202-A; HCI 10-010;
Reliance AL-3321-HA-50 Varkyd  310-SOHS
Other:
     DCOPOLYMER ALKYDS-SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING TOLUEHE OR
     NAPHTHALENE

"Cheapsl" 13-2444) "Synresate" D-9850-S, TP-134-DA;
Reliance SY-2003-VT-50; "Kelpol" D718-60E
Other:

D     POLYESTER ALKYDS SOLUBLE- IN OR CONTAINING TOLUENE OR
     NAPHTHALENE	,	

AroplazR 6022-S-65, 6025-S-70, 6029-S-60; Cargill
6619/6619-70, 6620/6620-60; "Synrtaate" W83270EX03,
W8760S
Other:

 J	IEPOXY SOLUTIOMS SOLUBLE in OR CONTAINING TOLUENE

"EPI-REZ" - 2047; AralditeR S71-T-7S, 597-ET-55,  ft
597-EX-5S, 597-KT-S5! Dow D.'E.R. 671-T7SS. GenEpoxy
S26T-I5; EpotufR 38-508, 38-507, 38"-519
Bpon B Resin 1001 BT 70, 1001 CX-7S, 1001 PT-75, 1001 T-'/S
1007-CT-S5, 1007-KT-55; Vanoxy •201-Tr75, 201-BT-70i
201-PT-75, 207-KT-5S, 207-CT-55  •
Other^Epoxy Solutions Soluble in or Containing Toluene:
                                                              D
                                                                  POLYAMIDES SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING TOLUEHE
                                                             "CIBA Polyaraide" 800IT60, 815T-70) "Cropolamid" L-100 IT;
                                                             Emery'"Bnerez" 1500; Versanid 400; Epotuf  37-621, 37-648;
                                                             VanAmid  300 ET-60
                                                             Other:
                                                           226

-------
   I	I UREA RESINS SOLUBLE  IN OR CONTAINING TOLUENE

  elianca  AM-.1008-IT-55, AM-1012-IT-SS
  ther;

   I	1 MELAHINB RESINS SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING NAPHTHALENE
                                                    BESZNS (Cent.)
 Melmac  243-3
 Othar:
   D
      VINYL SOLIDS, PVD  (SYNTHESIZED FROM VINYL CHLORIDE)

 APCI "PVC" Sur.iai; Goo-spar "Pliovic" Saries;
 UCC - VYKH; Irene, VYHD; QYHV. VYLP; OYKV. VYNS; VLFV,
 VYNW; OVJV, VAGH; QYOH, VAGO; QYNL. VMCH; QYNJ,
 VMCC; E-2000J VMCAl VYDS, VROH< VYDS-66, VBRR;
 "Saran Resin" F310
 Other Vinyl Solids, PVC:

 LJ POLYVINYL ACETATE (SYNTHESI-ED

 Vinac" 87, BUS, BIS, 9100. BSOO, ASB516
 Other:

      aPOLYVINVL ALCOHOL, FORMAL £ BUTYRAL SOLUBLE IN
      OR CONTOIHING PHENOL OR TOLUENE	

 FormvarR Series) OCC XYHL, XYSG, EDBC, EOBH
 Other:
                                    FROM VINYL CHLORIDE)
  I	I VINYL OiiLORIDE t VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE

 "Poly<
 Other:


  Dj
 "Polyco"  Series;   "S»L-an Latex" 143; PolideneR Series
 Other:
    J ACRYLIC SOLIDS SOLOBLE  IN OR COKTAItllMG TOLUENE

AcryloidR B48N, B50, 066, B67, B72, 882
Other:

  I	1 ACRYLIC SOLUTIONS SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAIHIHG TOLOENE

Conchemco 311-40S, 311-120; ElvaciteR 6011, 6012, 6013,
6014, 6016, 6024; G Cure  867 RNF 60, 868 RWP 60,
869 RHP SO; Acryloid  A-21, A-21LV, 8-44, B-48N,
B-50, B-66, B-72, 8-82, 8-84, 8-99, C-10LV
Other:

  I	ISTYRENE S VINYL TOLUENE SOLUBLE IH TOLUENE

PicolastioR ft. Bronze Vehicle
other:
  |	1 OLEORESINOUS VARNISHES SOLUBLE  IN OR CONTAINING
  I	I PHENOL OR ETHYLBENZEN&	

 Conchenco 385-003;  Tenneco  2-128; McCloakey
 1282S-S4 END,  10424-55E,  11233-S5END, 11325-60 END,
 73S-41E, 10917-S4END,  1633-58E, 1625-60N; Syncon GS-2-60,
 3024-65END,  1335-56E,  UlSOjSlND, 10731-46E, 10931-28E,
 2211-46E, 820-50END; Kelvar G-638-40E, G-681-50M
 Chempol  15-2509,  15-2518;  Maxvar" 2516,  2598; Syncon"
 Series, F-247,  F-12L,  Flora, RLC
 Other Oleoresinous  Varnishes Soluble in or Containing
 Phenol or Ethylbenzene

  i	1 SILICONES  SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING TOLUENE OR
  |	1 NAPHTHALENE	

 UCC-R-12; Cargill 6106-60
 Other:

  I   IHALEIC  SOLUTIONS  SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING TOLUENE

 ArocheraR S20T;  Syncon  MA560T
 Other:
                                                                   a
                                                                       PHENOLIC RESIMS
teofene  Saries; Anberol* ST-137, Super Beckacite
Seriesi Beichold  (V) 29-000, 100, 400 Series:
OCC  CJC-1282, CK-1634,
                                         BLS-2700,
        .            	 -„-  —' Series. CKSB-2001;
Pentalyn  Series; NewilUe   Series; "Synresol* Series;
"Shinco" Saries
Other Phenolic Resins:

  |	1 CBI.mMSE RESINS SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINIHG MEIHYL
  I	I CHLORIOE OR TOLUENE	

Eastman "CA" Series, CAB 381-0.1, CAB 381-O.5,
CAB 381-20, CAB 4S1-1, CAP 482-0.5
Othar:
                                                                    D
                                                                       URETHANE RESINS SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING TOLUENE

                                                                   "Spenfcel" F78-50T, Spencer XP 1857; "Synrasate" H83270
                                                                   EX03; Spenlite  L61-301; Spencer DV "2OOO" Series
                                                                   Other:

                                                                    1	1 MISCELLANEOUS SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING TOLUENE,
                                                                    I	I METHYL CHLORIDE. OR TRICHLOROETHYLENE	

                                                                   ElvaxR 40; "Vitez" PE207, PE207F, PE222, PE222F, PE307,
                                                                   PE307F, VPE5545A, VPE 5571A,; RCI 10-714
                                                                   Other:
                                                 SOLVENTS
  D
     BENZENE

Espesol  Benzene; Benzene (Nitration Grade)
"Benzol", "Cyclohexattiene"
Other:
  D
     BENZENE AND TOLUEHB MIXTURES I

Ansco  "Sglv'A,  "Solvf A-8Q, -Solv* A-81, "Solv* A-100;
Cyclosol  27. 28; EsposolK 7200-A; Skally SK-69
Other:
  a
     TOLUENE
EspesolR 1° Toluene, 7200
Toluol; Methyl-Benzenoi Mathacide Phenylaathue; Toluonol
Other:

  I	[TOLUENE « ETHYLBEBZENE MIXTURES

ftmsco Solv 8; Circlosol1* 37
Other:
 D
     ETHYLBENiiENE
Espasol  EthyJionzene; Ansco "Super Hi-Flash Naphtha";
Shell TS-288
Phenylethane
Other:
                                                           227
lIlSOPHORONE

3-S-5-Tri-ethyl-2-Cyclohexen-l-One
                                                                   D
                                                                       CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
                                                                  Dow "Dowclane"  EC; Methane Tetrachloride;
                                                                  Tetrachloroonthana)  Perchloro-ethane; Maeatorina;
                                                                  Benzinofom;  "Necatorina"; "Benzlnofora"
                                                                   a
                                                                 Monoehloro-Benzene; Benzene-Chloride; Phenyl Chloride
                                                                 Ashland Monochloro Benzene; Dow Monochloro Benzene
                                                                 Other:

                                                                   I	I 1,2,4 - TRICHLOROBENZENE

                                                                   I	I 1,2 - OICHLOROETHaNB

                                                                 Ashland Ethylene Dichloride; Dow Ethylene Oichloride;
                                                                 Olin  Ethylene Dichloride
                                                                 Other:
                                                                   Di.i.1-
                                                                               TRICHLOROETHANE
                                                                 Methylchloroform; 1-1-1-iCE; Chlorothena; Vinyl
                                                                 Trichloride; 1-1-1-Trichloroethane; 1-1-2 Trichloroethane
                                                                 Dow  "Chlorothene" NCL
                                                                 "Triethone"; "Genklene"
                                                                   n
                                                                       1,1,2 - TRICHLOROETHANE

-------
                                                     SOLVBrtS  (Cent.)
 I    bi« (i-oaonQgnKL) EIHZR

Dichloroathyl Eth«r

 fl
 D
    HETHYLEHE CHLORIDE
TrichlorCTMthjne

 I  Ilr2 - DICHLOHOBIHZPIE

O-Dichlorob«nienej P-Dichlorolwnrene
DOM' Orthodlchloro Bensan*

 I  I 1.3 DIOn<»OgKOPVL£llE

Fropylen* Olchlorid*
 Methane Oichloride; Dichloronuithanej Methylene
 Bichloride) Mothylcno Dichloride
 Ashland Perchloroethylenei Oovr Perchloroethylene
 "Solaesthih"
 D
TRICHLOROETOTLEHE
 Trichloroethene;  Sthinyl-Trichloride; Tri-Clene;
'Trielener  Trilenei Trichloran; Trichloren; Algylen;
 Trinarj  Triline,  Tri; Trethylont Trethylenei
 Westrosol; Chlorylen; Gemalgene; Germalgen
                                                 Company Abbreviations Used
                                       Alcan          - Aluminum Co. of Canada
                                       ABICO          - Am«co oiv. - union Oil of California
                                       APCI           - Air Products and Chemicals,  Inc.
                                       CSC            - Coanercial Solvents Corp.
                                       RCI            - Reichhold Chemicals Inc.
                                       Reichhold (V)  - Varcua Chemical Division  of
                                                        Itoichhold Chemicals
                                       DCC            - Onion Carbide Corp.
                                                            228

-------
             APPENDIX B




         CROSS TABULATION




AGE OP PAINT MANUFACTURING  FACILITIES




                By




         NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
              229

-------

-------
       NO  fi.-t  \\_ i_ Ouh'SfiOi-i

        Paint    	t.C*ErATluN  i.'Alh  ='

tttt^irtt^tttt-frtttftttttr
...j.. ;-CT i
Number of V^ "^ ! 'Oyar' 3°
Employees ' ' " (- ' J *"
• , 1 3-f
! 1 *<*.<:.
Over 150 I 8 . i
T 2.V

. 1 CV»
101 to 150 1 jV.t


,,-
1
I
1
I
I

I
, I


C K 0 S
S T A"« U L
AGE OE MAaOFACTURIMG FACUJCTIES
(Years)
20-30 10-20 5-10
t
/
13.2
2.6
0.5

l'?
i-3.^
1
1
I
I
1

1
I
L
7
1..1.2
<*.2
U.b

10
14.6
1
T
I
I
I

1
1
C ,
2
3.8
1.2
0.1

4
7.H
1
I
I
I
1

1
I
ATI
3-5
r}
?.
3.8
2.0
0.1

?
3.V
ON 0
PLANTAGE
-Under 3
I
I
T
I
1

1
I
A
1
1.9
1.5
•l.l

3

f
ftftftft
TOTAL
I
I
I
I
I


I ....

b.3
4.0



bl
3.1
   90 to JOO
   81 to 90
   71 to 80
   61 to 70
                                                                                          1.4
                                                                                           19
                                                                                          1.1
                                                                                           .in
   51 to 60
              .t_u >••
(CM-.
                          .'I i
 267
19.^
                                                J17
 lt>7
12.S
102
                                                                                           ».<•<
                                                                                          3.7
 1339
loO.O
                                   	    231    - 	

-------
          FOK ALL  QUESTIONS
                                = 12/28/771
          ****»*#.»* .»••»•* *
                     «»»•*»*.****
CROSSTAB^ L ,A. T, I 0 N   OF
                 	_8Y  PLANTAGE
•»«•<}
PI
" COUNT I
HOW PCT I
Number of COL PCT I
Employees TUT HCT I
e- I
I
41 to 50 I
'„ I
-I-
I
I
c -i
1
21 to 30 I
I
-I-
rt I
I
10 to 20 I
-I-
A I
I
Less than 10 I
COLUMN
TOTAL
.ANT ARE
Over 30
F
23
35. A
S.5
1.7
40.6
6.2
1.9
51
38. J
12.1
3,8
84
29.5
20.0
6.0,
130
23.4
31.0
9.7
420
31.4

AGE OF
MANI
rparrtTPT

(Years)
l 20 to 30 10 to 20
I
T
I
I
I
-!<"
1
I
I
1
I
I
1
I
I
1
I
-1-
I •
T
I
1

E
17
26.2
6.4
1.3
17
26.6
6.4
1.3
19
14.3
7.1
1.4
47
16.5
17.6
3.5
116
20.9
43.4
B.7
267
19.9
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
1
I
I .
1
1
1
1
I
I

0
10
15.4
3.2
0.7
11
17.2
3.5
0.8
36
27.1
11.4
2.7
79
27.7
24. y
5.9
137
24.6
43.2
10.2
317
23.7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•T-
I
I
I
I
I
1
1
I
I
I
I
I

T7IK-TT.TT
5 to 10
C
8
12.3
4.8
0.6
6
9.4
3.6
0.4
16
12.0
9.6
1.2
36
12.6
21.6
82
..14.7
49.1
6.1
167
12.5
TBS
3

to 5
I 8 .
I
I
I
1
-I —
I
1
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
_! 	
I
'I
I
1

3
4.6
2.9
0.2
2.
3.1
2.0
0.1
8
6.0
7.8
0.6
28
9.8
27.5
.2.1
53
9.5
52.0
4.0
102
7.6


Under 3
I
I
t
I
I
I
I
. I
I
I
I
I
1
I
i
I
1
I
I
1
I

A
4
6.2
6.1
0.3
2
3.1
.0
0.1
3
2.3
4.5
mC.
11
3.9
16.7
o.a
38
6.8
57.6
2.8
66
4.9
1
T'
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
— 1
I
I
1
" "I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
— 1

                                                                               ROM
                                                                              TOTAL
                                                                                 65
                                                                                4.9
                                                                                 64
                                                                                4.8
                                                                                1J3
                                                                                9.9
                                                                                 285
                                                                               "21.3
                                                                                 556
                                                                                41.5
                                                                                1339
                                                                               100.0
 NU.-VEK OF MISSING OBSERVATIONS
                                          232

-------
           APPENDIX C




       CROSS TABULATION




   AMOUNT OF WATER USED TO




      RINSE A PAINT TANK




              BY




WATER PRESSURE OP RINSE WATER
              233

-------

-------
BREAKDOWN
- w w-m • — *— #—
WATRPRES
i
Rl
Cl
Tl
WATRPRES
0
OVER 150


C
101 TO 150


»"-»—» — »-
WATER
*> * ^..^^t^^..^^^. -c-f^ e-S- STAB
PRESSURE USED FOR TANK RINSING
TNKSIZEl TANKS UNDER 250 Gfl
COUNT I WATER USED PER TAH
DW -PC-T- I OVER- 2 00- H-i -T-G-2- 61 TO--
DL PCT I GALS 00 GALS 0 Gi
3T PCT I . D 1C 18


PSI



PSI


8
50 TO 100 -PSI




4.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-T
*
I
I
I
I

0
0.0
0.0
0.0
— -0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0
— 0-.0
0.0
0,0

I
I
~l
I

I
I

I
-I
I
I
I — «•—• . -^.j .
A
LESS THAN



50 P



-e0L-UMN
I
I
I
I
-T
JL
TOTAL
COUNT
ROW PC?
1
0.2
100»0
0.1

1
0.1
I
I
- -I
I



•4»^»-«-K>-^^'
0
0.0
0-*0
0.0

0.0
0.0
•-•e-rO---
0
0-,0--
0.0
0.0

I
I
I
I
i .
*
I
I
I
I
I -
I
I

0
0.0
0.4
0.0
--2
11.1
16.7
- 0.3
5
2.-S-
41.7
0.7
iLLOI
K RJ
to (
*L C
I
_I-
I
I

IS
ENS ING
)-TO-60
5ALS
A

22
100.0
I 	 3.1
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
3.1
l-A
trO
88.9
2.3
2.2
175
9-7.2
24.9
24.3
•— —- — .^i— — _«^_. | .......
3
0.6
100.0-
0.4

3
0.4
I
I
-I
I



5
1.0
41. -7
0.7

1-2
1.7
I
I
I
I



491
98,2
•••69 .-7
68.2

704
97.8
-tt-

I
Ht
T
A
I
-I
I

I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
^_T
I
I
-I
I



TNKSIZE2 TANKS 251 - 500 GALLONS
1 WATER USED PER TANK RINSING
IOVER 200 1:01 TO-£ 61 TO -10 0 TO 60
COL PCT I GALS
TOT PCT I D
WATRPRES 	 -— I 	
0
OVER 150

PSI

I
I
I
I
-T.
C
101 TO 150


A
I
PSI I

i
8
50 -TO- 100-PS-fr


I
I
I
I
I
I
— T.
A
LESS THAN


•»
I
50 P I


T
L
I
0
0.0
0*0
0.0
.. ...... 0
0.0
0.0
0-.-0
2
5o!o
0.4
2
0.7
—50 -.0-
0.4
00 GALS
I C
I
r
	 T
I
I
I
- -I-
I
-*
I
I
i
4 »-4 t-t
1
T
"i
I
0
0.0
0.0-
0.0
0
I
E~T *mtm
I
I
-I
I
- o — i
0.0 I
0.0
0.0-
4
-2.6--
44.4
0.9
5
1.9
•^^ ft
33 uO 	
1.1
I
!-..
I
I
GAL GALS
B I A I
0
0.0
0*0
0.0
20.0
9.4
0,7-
12
7^9-
I 37.5
I
I
2.6
17
6*3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
T
I
I
17
100.0
	 4-,-2
3.7
80.0
2.9
2.4
134
S8-.-2--
32.8
29.5
246
91.1
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•I
I
I
*-5-3-Hr- I 	 60-,-i 	 §
I
3.7
I
54.2
I
t--*-.iF- ION -e fc
ROW
TOTAL
22
C. b
3.1


1 Q
18
2.5


180
25.0



500
69.4



720
100,0
ROW
TOTAL
17
3.7


15
3.3


152
3-3*5


270
59.5


-I— — - — I- 	 . — !„ 	 ..._! 	 ...j
TOTAL
0.9

9
2.0

7.0

^0-9
90.1

454
100.0.

-------
BREAKDOWN
                C R 0-9- S--T-*-fl-U-tr-A
    WATRPRES  WATER PRESSURE  USED FOR TANK RINSING
    »*******»»*»»»»**»*»»*»«
                                                                         -e~F-
 COUNT
ROW -PCT
COL PCT
                     TNKSIZE3
                    I
                    -IOVER Z&Q-
                    I GALS
.  TANKS 501 •
  WATER USED
1-0-1 *0~2
00 GALS   0
• 1000 GALLONS
PER TANK RINSING
 TO --i 0 0~-Ta 60
   GAL GALS
WATRPRES
       0
TOT PCT I
PSI
0 PSI
PSI
50
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
^
0
4
26.7
33.3
1.3
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
C
0
0.0
0.-0
0.0
&
0.0
0.0
0.-0
I
-I-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
B
4
26.7
9.3
1.3
5
38.5
11.6
1.6
I 51 2 I 17
I 4.1 I 1.6 I 13.*
I 41,7 I 22.2 I 39.5
I 1.6 I a.6 I 5.5
I 3 'I 71 17
P I 1.9 I 4.3 I 10.6
I 25.0 I 77^8 I 39.5
I 1.0 I 2.3 I 5.5
I A
1 7
I 46.7
I 2.8
I 2.3
I
I
I
8-
61.5
3.2
I 98
I 80.3
I 39.7
I 31.5
-I 	
I 134
I 83.2
I S4.-3
I 43.1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
           COLUMN
             TOTAL
 12
3.9
                        9
                      2.9
             43
           13.8
           247
         79.4
                                     ROW-
                                    TOTAL
                                       15
                                      4.8
                                                               13
                                                              4.2
                                                              122
                                                             39.2
                                                              161
                                                             51.8
  3H
100.0


COUNT
I
TNKSIZE4
ROW PCT iOVER 200-
COL PCT I
TOT PCT I
WATRPRES

OVER




101



0
150



C



PSI




TO 150 HSI


B
50 TO- 100







PS*




i
i
i
i
-i
i
i
i
i
«T
1
I
I
I
I
GALS
0


2
25.0
25.0
1.2
--___..._
1-
14.3
12.5
-0.6
4
4.7
50.0
2.3

I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TANKS 1000
WATER USED
101 TO
00 GALS
C

w« «
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
—«•—•»•»
2
28.6
11.8
1^2
7
8-» 1
41.2
4.1
I---— --—I— »->•»---

LESS


A
THAN



50 P


I
I
f-
1
1
1.4
-t2-55
0.6
I
I
I
I
8
11.3
4-7H
4.7
- 1500 GALLONS
PER TANK RINSING
2 61 TO 10
0
I
-I-
I
I
I
I
— I —
I
I
I
I
I
3
I
I
-I-
I
I
A
I
GAL:
B


2
25.0
5.1
1.2
.•>._._
j.
14.3
2.6
0-.6-
19
22-* i
48.7
11.0
—

17
23.9
-4-3-* 6
9.9
- 1 	 1 	 ... x 	
/^rtt t IM*.»
CJUUUNri




TOTAL



8
4.7




t?
9i9



236
39-
'2.7

I
-I
I
I
I
I
•—I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I


I
I
T
i
0 TO 60
GALS
A


4
50.0
3.7
2.3
_______
3
42.9
2.8
1.-7
56
$5»i
51.9
32.6


45
63.4
4-1,-?
26.2


I
-I
I
I
I
I
-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I


I
I
I
I
-i 	 1



1-frB
62.8




                                                             ROW
                                                            TOTAL
                                                                8
                                                              4.7
                                                                7
                                                              4.1
                                                               86
                                                             50.0
                                                               71
                                                              172
                                                           100.0

-------
BREAKDOWN
WATRPRES WATER PRESSURE USED FOR

1


WATRPRES
n
OVER 150


C
TNKSIZE6
COUNT
ROW- PG-T-
COL PCT
TOT PCT
I
-CROSS "T -A B 'U-i
TANK RINSING
b-ft T I 0-N- — fh-F
TANKS 2501 - 6000 GALLONS
WATER USED PER
IOVER
I
1
GALS
D
-_-.__ «..j.» 	

PSI



•101 TO 150 PSI
I
I
I
I
I
I
*

\2.
6.
1.

16.
200

—
1
5
3
0
1
7
4-01 TS--2
00 GALS
I C

I 2
I 25.0
I 10,5
I 2.0
I t
I 16.7
TANK RINSING
61r TO 40-
I
-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
B


37
-11
. 3
GAL
I

3 I
.5 I
.1- I
.0 I
0--TO £0
GALS
A .

T
ROW
TOTAL
^ A
•""•—" "* ~~I
2
25.0
5.3
2.0
.4- -L ..-&
66
.7 I
0.0
T
J>
I
I
I
I
I
8
8.0


_£
6.0
H
50- TO 100 PSI
A
LESS THAN 50 P
. TOTAL
COUNT
ROW -PET
COL PCT
TOT PCT
WATRPRES 	 •*•- —
i)
OVER 150 PSI
•
C
101 TO 150 PSI
m
B
50- TO 100--PS4
•
A
LESS THAN 50 P
COLUMN
TOTAL
I 10
I 17-. 2-
I 62.5
I 10.0
I 4
I 14.3
-I -25*0-
I 4.0
I 12
I 29-«7
I 63.2
I 12.0
I 4.
I 14.3
I 2K1
I 4.0
1* 19
16.0 19.0
TNKSIZE5 TANKS
I WATER
IOVER 20 0 1-04 TO-
I GALS 00 GALS
ID 1C
I 11 I 25
I 19.0- I *-3.1
I 40.7 I 65.8
I 11.0 I 25.0
I 9 I 11
I 32.1 I 39.3
I -33.3 -I S8.9
I 9.0 I 11.0
27 3&
27.0 38.0
1501 - 2500 GALLONS
USED PER TANK RINSING
2- 61 TO 4-0 4 -TO 60
0 GAL GALS
IB I A
I 31 11 31 4
I 27.3 I 9.1 I 27.3 I 36.4
I 16.7 I S.-9 I 8.6 I 4.7
_I 1.9 I 0.6 I 1.9 I 2.6
4 11 01 6- .j. i"~
I 12.5 I 0.0 I 75.0 I 12.5
I 5.6 I 0.0 I 17.1 I 1.2
-4 -0,-6- I OrO I 3.9- I- 0.6
I 61 9 I 15 I 45
I B-.0 I 42r& -I 30.-0- -I -60. &
1 33.3 I 52.9 I 42.9 I 52.9
1 3.9 I 5.8 I 9.7 I 29.0
* 81 71 11 I 35
I 13.1 I 11.5 I 18.0 I 57.4
I 44,4 I -4W2 I 3-1.4-1 -4t.2
I 5.2 I 4.5 I 7.1 I 22.6
. j 	 1 ... 	 , j 	 j 	
i8 17 35 85
11.6 11.0 22.6 54.8
237
I
I
I
I
•I
r
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
58
58.0
28
28.0
100
.100.0
ROW
TOTAL
11
7.1
8
5.2
75
61
39.4
155
100.0

-------
      -*
                 »-
                     -*-
R 0 5 4-f-A-B-
WATRPRES   WATER PRESSURE  USED FOR TANK  RINSING
#»»»#»»*»»»***»*»***»»».<
                   *- *
                       A ••.•»  * * * *
TNKSIZE7 TANKS OVER 6000 GALLONS
COUNT I WATER USED PER TANK RINSING
ROW POT fOVER 2-00- 1-0-1 TO 2 61 -TO -10 0 TO- 60
COL PCT I GALS 00 GALS 0 GAL. GALS
TOT PCT ID 1C 18 IA I
D I
OVER 150 PSI I
I
I
-I-
c- i
101 TO 150 PSI I
I
I
B I
50 TO 100 PSI I
I
I
-I-
A I
LESS THAN 50 P I
I
I
ml"
COLUMN
TOTAL
50
50
6
0
0
0
13
50
6
0
0
0
12
2 I
.0 I
.0 I
.3 I
0
.0
.0
.0
2
.3
.0
.3
0
.0
.0
.0
A
.5
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
r
i
i

0.
0.
o.
50.
25.
3.
20.
75.
9.
0.
0.
0.
12.
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1

0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
40.0
6.3
3
27.3
60-, 0
9.4
5-
15.6
I,
I ,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

2
50.0
10,5
6.3
1
50.0
5.3
3.1
8
53^3
42.1
25.0
8
72.7
42 .-1
25.0
19
59.4
I
I ,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

ROW
TOTAL
4
12.5
2
6.3
15
46.9
n
34.4
32
100.0
                                   238

-------
            APPENDIX D
  PROCEDURES FOR METALS ANALYSIS
BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED ARGON PLASMA
           239

-------

-------
                 Determination of Total Metals in Water
                 and Wastewaters by Plasma Spectrometry
                         CRL Method Nos. 504-570
Scope and Application

This procedure is applicable to the determination of-calcium, magnesium,
sodium/ potassium^ aluminum, barium, berylium, boron, cadmium, chromium,
cobalt , copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silver, thallium,
tin, titanium., vanadium, ytrium and" zinc in water and industrial municipal
wastewaters.

Summary of Method

The sample is digested with 8 N nitric acid to near dryness followed by
additional heating with HC1 to solubilize transition and noble metals.
The sample is cooled, diluted to 50 ml and analyzed using Inductively
Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICAP).  The alkali
metals concentrations are expressed in milligrams per liter, whereas
concentrations for other metals are expressed in micrograms per liter.
Twenty-two metals are routinely analyzed.

Scruipment

Jarrell Ash Atomcomp  750.   Inductively coupled argon plasma  emission
spectrometer consisting of:

  a.   RF generator

  b.   Plasma housing

        1.  Water-cooled  induction coil
        2.  Quartz  torch
        3.  Cross-flow nebulizer
        4.  Spray chamber

  c«   Direct  reading  spectrometer

        1.  Entrance  slit
        2.  Refractor plate at entrance  slit
        3.  Grating
        4*  Iix.it slits
        5•  Phototubes.

   d.  Computer for  instrument control

   e.  Data output device.
 300 ml tall form beakers
 Mattler PR 700 Balance
 Corning Hot Plates
                                    241

-------
Reagents, Water, Glassware and Standards

Redistilled Nitric Acid (1:1-8 Normal).
Hydrochloric Acid (1:1), Reagent Grade.

Glassware;  Beakers for digestion, after being run through diswasher, are
rinsed with distilled water and placed in an aqua regia bath for at least two
hours.  They are then rinsed thoroughly and allowed !to air dry.  The chemist
performing the digestion will select his or her beakers and give each a hot
acid wash by following then with 1:1 KCl and placing on the hot plate for at
least one half hour.

The laboratory distilled water is passed through an ultrapure mixed-bed resin
coluran before use.  All water used unless otherwise stated,-has been passed
through the mixed-bed resin (Super Q Water).
Standards;  All standards are diluted from Fisher 1000 pp-a Atomic Absorption
standards with the exception of silver and beryllium (varianj and Yytrium
(made from ytrium nitrate (Y(N03)3).
Standards used for the ICAP Calibration Procedure
   SOOO:  Mixed-bed resin water (super Q water)
   SO01:  One ppm in all elements except silver and
          calcium
   AGCA:  1 ppa silver and 10 ppm calcium, made fresh
          daily.
   1000:  1000 ppm calcium (Fisher)
   XXXX:  1000 ppm iron (Fisher), FFFA matrix only.

Procedure
1.  A designated aliquot (usually 50 ml) of well-shaken and preserved
    sample (pH<2) is poured off into a 300 ml tall-form beaker.   Normal
    procedure is to place the beaker on an automatic-tare balance and
    deliver 50 g - drawing off excess with a disposable pipet.  (This
    procedure assumes the sample is of sufficiently low concentration that
    the specific gravity is not appreciably greater than one..  The purpose of a
    mass determination rather than a volume one is to eliminate cross-contamina-
    tion) .  After the addition of 6 ml of 8N redistilled ENO3, to the
    sample a ribbed beaker cover is placed on the beaker and the sample
    is heated to near dryness.  (The sample is not .taken to complete
    dryness to avoid the loss of boron) .  If the residue is dark colored
    after cooling, an additional 6 ml of 8N HK03 is added and the sample
    is reheated.  This process is continued until no color change is
    detected.

2.  Following the digestion,  5 ml of 1:1 HCl is added and the residue is
    dissolved and/or placed in suspension by warming on a hot plate.
    After cooling, the sample is transferred to a pre—tared 2 ounce
    polyethylene bottle and diluted up to 50 g.  If some solids remain
    undissolved, the sample is filtered into a 50 ml volxanetric and then
    transferred to a polyethylene bottle for subsequent analysis.
                                       242

-------
3.  Operating Conditions
      a.
      b.
      c,
      d.
      e.
      f.
Incident RF power         .1.1  kw
Reflected RF gower         mimimized «10 w)
Plasma observation height   15  nun above  load  coil
Horizontal observation position...center
Aspiration Argon flow rate   0.6  L/min
Plasma Argon flow rate       22 L/min
4.  ICAP Standardization Procedure  and  Sample Analysis.

    Following startup,  the instrument is profiled with the merczzry monitor.
    The micrometer reading is recorded  on  the sheet with the interelement
    correction values for the day.

    The matrix is brooight-onto core and time and date established.   The
    available matrices are:                                       '
       CCAS:  correction for calcium
       FSAS:  correction for calcium and iron
       K1AS:  correction for calcium and iron and
              outputs potassium.

    The Q-string QEGGGAB is set for standization.  This string of-commands
    will erase the burn buffers,  execute three burns, average'them,  and
  .  print the average on the teletype.

    (It has been found that examining the  standards in background mode allows
    a better judgement of the noise in  a given channel).

5.  The standards cited above are run.  Once it has been verified that the
    standards check, the values for interelement correction for  iron and
    calcium are recorded and entered via the data base manager.   In  actual
    operation it is possible that these may vary only slightly (5%)  from day
    to day, in which case they need not be entered.

    Upon return to the operating system, the matrix is recalled  and  the
    blank and 1 ppm standard are checked.   If these remain with  in  standard-
    zation, an instrument AQC solution  is  measured.  *This AQC  solution
    is simply the waste from the drain  of  the nebulizer, collected  and
    held until it is deemed stable. The values for this solution are
    recorded in a log book and compared with previous values.  This  is
    a check for gross operator error during standardzation.

6.  Once these criteria have been satisfied, the instrument is reacy
    to run samples.  The blank and  1 ppm standard should be checked
    every 30-45 min £o establish that the  instrument has not drifted.
    The blank should also be checked if values above detection limits
    are found for the field blanks  or digested laboratory blanks.
                                  243

-------
7.
8.
    Samples are aspir-ited for  45 seconds before executing the Q string
    QEGC Which perform a single burn followed by output in concentration
    mode which includes interelement corrections.  Longer flush times,
    may be desired  for ^samples which follow high (>500 ppm) iron samples
    or  high  (>1000  ppm) sodium samples.  No other elements have been
    encountered in  sufficient quantities in real samples to result in
    noticeable memory effects.

    Duplicates and  spikes should be checked against the corresponding
    sanoles before  continuing.  This is to establish whether deviations
    occur  in  the  digestion  or measurement of samples on the ICAP.  If
    it is  found that the digestion is  not at fault, restandardization
    on the 1C A? is  recommended.

3«  Samples at high 1-evels  are routinely diluted 10 -fold to determine
    if results for  all  elements  are valid or the result of intererence
    not accounted for by the matrix  ISCC's.

    The paper tape  from the teletype  is read into the  DG KOVX  and  the
    report plus QC check is performed by programs written  in. BASIC.

Quality Control                               :
Four types of quality control' samples are  put  through  the  digestion
process" at the same time as the samples.   In a1 typical run of  forty
samples there are  in addition,  four blanks,  4  AQC  solutions, 2 dupli-
cates* 2 spikes.

    1.  Blanks:  These are simply the laboratory super Q water carried
        through the same digestion process as  the  samples.  13ie blank
        data is summarized periodically and is used to determine detec-
        tion XiEiits for the method (average and 2  standard deviations).
     2.
     3.
         AQC Solutions:  A series of solutions were made to  cover the
         ranges measured for each parameter.   These were arranged in
         Youden pairs approximately as follows:  10 ppm - 8  ppaj  1 ppm -
         800 ppb; 100 ppb - 80 ppb.  Two 'pairs of these solutions are
         digested as part of the run.  This is separate from the  instru-
         ment AQC and calibration procedure mentioned earlier.

         Duplicates:  Two samples are chosen to be analyzed  as  duplicate? are
         carried through the digestion process.  The results for  these are
         expected tc be within 10% of each other for each element, for concen
         trations in the working range (blank one + 10 standard deviations).
          Soikes:  Two  samples are chosen, to be analyzed as spikes.  A table
          of  sp'ike concentrations in terms of final concentrations is formulated
          Spike  recoveries are determined if the sample is less than 200% of
          the added  spike.,
                                       244

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                          Routine Maintaiaance

Following four days of operation the torch and nebulization spray chamber
should be acid washed.  Before the torch is removed and after"it*is replaced,
statistical programs are run to determine the standard deviation of all the
lines when aspirating blank water.  Dark currents are  also  examined in this
manner.  A reading of the profile meter is taken for each element both before
and after cleaning while aspirating both blank water and the 1 ppm standard."
When the torch is replaced, coarse alignment is made using  a 1000 pixn yttrium
standard to center.the image on the slit.  Fine adjustment  of the mirror is
made by maximizing the signal to noise ratio on the lead line.

Once a month, statistical programs are run to maintain an historical record of
intensities obtained on each line for the series of standards.

Calculations

These are done by the computer program (written in basic) including
insertion of dilution factors to give results in mg/1  for calcium,
magnesium and sodium and ug/1 for the other metals.
1.
2.
                           Reference

Manual of "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water  and Wastes",
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  Office of  Technology Transfer,
1974, Washington, DC, pp 78-155.

"Simultaneous Multielement Analysis of Liquid Samples, by Inductively
Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic - Emission spectroscopy", U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency..  Region V, Central  Regional Laboratory, Chicago,
Illinois, (unpublished).
                                245

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Ag
Al
B
Ba
Ca(l)
Ca(2)
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
	 — i
Name \ in nm
Silver 328.1
Aluminum 396 ,.2
Boron 249,7
Barium 233.5
Calcium 393.4
Calcium 364 ,.4
Cadmium 226.5
Cobalt 238.9
Chromium 267.7
Copper' 324.8
Iron 259.5

Mg
Mn
Mo
Ni
Pb

Sn
Ti
V
Y .
Zn
Name x in nm
Magnesium 279.6
Manganese 257.6
Molybdenum 203.8
Nickel 341.5
Lead', 220.3

Tin : 190.0 .
Titanium 334.7
Vanadium 309.3
Yttrium 417.8
Zinc ; 213.9
                       ELEMENT LIST AND ANALYTICAL  LINES
                                TABLE I

A list of the elements currently analyzed by the CRL ICAP-AES instrument and
the emission line chosen for each element.      :
                                   246

-------

Ag
Al
B
Ba
Ca
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
D.L. LQD
yg/1 yg/1
4 20
7 35
3 15
1 5
<0.5 l
2 10
4 20
1 5
1 5
2 10











Mg
Mn
Mo
Ni
Pb
Sn
Ti
V
y
Zn
D.L. LQD
ug/1 wg/1
<0.5 1
1 5
5 25
15 75
12 60
12 60
1 5
1 5
-1 5
1 5 '•
                                 *Five  Runs  over  Three  Months

                     MEAN*DETECTION LIMITS
      AND LOWEST QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINABLE CONCENTRATIONS  (LCD)

                           TABLE 2


The detection limit (D.L.) is the amount of material  that will produce
a signal ;that is twice as large as the standard deviation of the noise.
The lowest quantitative detemiinable concentration (LQD) is  5 tines the
D.L. and is the lowest concentration one can expect to report.
                          247

-------

-------
        APPENDIX E




LIST OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
               249

-------
r

-------
                            APPENDIX E

                      List of 129  Priority Pollutants

Compound Name
 1.  *acenaphthene
 2.  *acrolein
 3.  *acry1on1trils
 4.  *benzene
 5.  *benzidine
 6.  *carbon tetrachloride  (tatraehloromethane)
     ^Chlorinated benezenes  (other than
          dTChlorobenzenes}
 7.       ehlorobenezene
 8.       Is2,4-triehlorobenzena
 9.       hexachlorobenzene
     *Ch1orinated ethanes  (including 1,2-
          dichloroethane,  181,1-tri chloro»
          ethane and hexachloroethane)
10^       1,2-dichloroethane
11.       18.18l-trichloroethane
12..       hexachloroethane
13.       T,1I-dichloroethane.
H.       7,1,2-trichloroethane
15.       T,1S2,2~tetraehloroethane
16.       chloroethant
     *ChloroaTkyl ethers  (chloromethyl,
          cfTforoethyl and mixed ethers)
17.       bis(chloromethyl) ether

     *Specific compounds and chemical  classes as listed
      in the consent degree.
                                251

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18.
19.

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

25,
26.
27.

28.


29.
30.
3K

32.
"33..
"34.
    bis(2-chloroethly) ether
    2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed;
*Chl ori na ted naphtal ene
    2-chloronaphthalene
*Chlorinated phenols (other than: those,
    listed elsewhere; includes trichloro-
    phenols and chlorinated cresols)
    2,4,6-trichlorophenol
    .parachlorometa cresol
*ch1oroform (trichloromethane)   ;
*2-chlorophenol                  :
*DichTorobenzenes
    1,2-dichlorobenzene
    1,3-dichlorobenzene
    1,4-dichlorobenzene
*DichlorQbenzidine               ;
    3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
*Dichloroethylenes  (1 ,1-dichloroethylene
    and  1 ,2-di chloroethyl ene)
    1,1-di chloroethyl ene
    1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
 *Dichloropropane ind dichloropropene
    1,2-dichiorL.^ropane
    1,2-dichloropropylene  (1,3-di.chloropropene)
 ^2,4-dimethyl phenol
                          252

-------
       *D1nitrotoluene
35.       2»4<-dinitrotoluene
36.       2,6,-dinitrotolueric
37.  *l,2»diphenylhydrazine
38.  *ethylbenzene
39..  *fluoranthene
     *HaToethers (other than those listed
        "elsewhere)
40.       4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
41.       4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
42.       bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
43-       bis(2"-chloroethoxy) methane
     *Halpmethanes (other than those listed
          elsewhere)
44.       methylene chloride (dichloromethane)
45.       methyl chloride (chloromethane)
46.       methyl bromide (bromomethane)
47.       broraoform (tribromomethane)
48.       dichlorobromomethane
49.       trichlorofluoromethane
50.       dichlorodifluoromethane
57»       chlorodibromomethane
5Z.  *hexachlorobutadiene
53.  *hexachlorocyclopentadiene
54.  *isophorone
                             253

-------
55.  *naphthalene
56.  *nitrobenzene
     *Nitrophenols (including 2,4-dinitrophenol
          and cnnTtrocresol)
57.       2-nitrophenol
58.       4-nitraphenol
59.      *2',4-dinitrophenol
60.       4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
     *Nitrosannnes>
61.       N-ni trosodimethylamine
62.       N-nitrosodiphenylamine
63.       N-nitrosqdi-n-propylamine
64.  *pentachlorophenol
65.  *pheno!
     *Phthalate  esters
66.         bis(2L-ethylhexyl)  phthalate
67.         butyl benzyl  phthalate
68.         di-n-butyl  phthalate
69..         dl-n-octyl  phthalate    t    ;
70.         diethyl phthalate
71.         dimethyl  phthalate
     *Polvnuclear aromatic hvdracarbons:
72.         benzo(a)anthracene  (1,2-benzanthracene)
                             254

-------
73.        benzo (a) pyrene  (3,4-benzopyrene)
74.        3,4-benzofluoranthene
75.        benzo(k)f!uoranthane  (11,12-benzofluoranthene)
76.        chrysene
77.        acenaphthylene
78         anthracene
79..        benzo(ghi)perylene (1,12-benzoperylene)
80.        fluroene                                       1 .,
81..        phenathrene
82.        dibenzo (a,h)anthracene  (1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene)
83..      .  indeno (l,2,3-cd)pyrene (2,3-o-phenylenepyrene)
84.        pyrene
85.  *tetrach1oroethylen&
8ff..  *toluene
87.  *trich1oroethylene
88.  *vinyl chloride  (chloroethylene)
Pesticides and Metabolites
89.        *aldrin
90.        *dieldrin
9T.        *chlordane (technical mixture & metabolites)
*ODT and metabolites
9Z.        4,4'-DDT
9J.        4,4'-DDE (p,p'-DDX)
94.        4,4'-DDD (p,p'-TDE)
                             255

-------
*endpsu1fan and metabolites
95.        a-endosul fan-Alpha
96.        b-endosul fan-Beta
97.          endosulfan sulfate
*endrin and metabolites
98.        endrin
99-..        endrin aldehyde
*heptachlor and metabolites
TOO.       heptachlor
TOT.       heptachlor epoxide
*hexachlorocyclohexane (all Isomers)
T02~       a-BHC-Alpha
T03-       b-BHC-Beta
104-'..       r-BHC (lindane)-Gamma
T05r       g-BHC-Delta
*polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's)
106. '      PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242)
           PCB-1254 (Arochlor 1254}
           PCB-T221 (Arochlor 1221)
           PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232)
           PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248)
           PCB-1260 (Arochlqr 1260)
           TCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016)
113. "*Toxaphene
114.       *Antirtony (Total
115.       *Arsenic (Total)
108.
109>.
111.
112.
                               256

-------
115.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122V
123.
124.
125.
126.
127,
128,,
129.
*Asbestcs (Flbrcvs)
"Beryllium (Total)
*Cadmium (Total)
*Chromium (Total)
*Copper (Total)
*Cyan1de (Total)
*Lead (Total)
*Mercury (Total)
*N1ckel (Total)
*Selenium (Total)
'Silver (Total)
*Thallium (Total)
*Zinc (Total)
**2,3,7,8'- tetracnlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
  *Specffic compounds and chemical classes as listed
   1rr the consent degree.
**This compound was specifically listed in the consent
  degree..  Because of the extreme toxicity (TCOD).  We are reconmending
  that laboratories not acquire analytical standard for
  this compound.
                              257

-------

-------
    APPENDIX F




SAMPLING PROCEDURES
        259

-------

-------
SAMPLING PROCEDURES

     Following the selection of sampling sites, final prepa-
rations were made for the field activities.  The sampling
protocol developed by EPA (Draft EPA Sampling Protocol for
Measurement of Toxics, October 1976)" was used as a basii~Tor
sample collection.  However, due to the nature of wastewater
treatment at the sites selected, some modifications to the
EPA protocol were required.   These modifications, which were
approved by the Project Officer, are described below.
Additionally, all samples analyzed for toxic substances were
run in accordance with EPA Draft Analytical Protocol for
the Measurement of Toxic Substances, October 1976.

Protocol Modifications

     The protocol developed for priority pollutant sampling
recommends the collection of composite samples.  Since most
paint process wastewater is collected over a period o'f time
for batch treatment, the recommended composite sampling
method was not necessary.  Consequently, grab samples were
taken at the majority of the sampling plants.  At the remain-
ing plants, composite samples were taken since the wastewater
streams were either continuous or semicontinuous.

     Beside the collection of grab samples,, some modifications
of the protocol's sample preservation methods were required.
In order to correlate the data between this sampling program
and the one conducted during the 1976 study, the preservation
method recommended in the protocol for the phenol fraction
was changed.  The protocol shows phosphoric or sulfuric acid
alone being used for phenol sample preservation.  For the
1976 study, samples were preserved in accordance with the
guidelines established under section 304g of the Act (Methods
for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, U.S. EPA, Monitoring
and Support Laboratory, 1974).  Specifically, the phenol
fractions were preserved with copper sulfate plus phosphoric
acid. To maintain uniformity, copper sulfate and phosphoric
acid were also used to preserve phenol samples collected
during the 1977 sampling program.

     An additional variation related to the protocol required
precautions against the presence of residual chlorine in
samples.  Sample fractions collected during the 1977 sampling
program were riot checked for residual chlorine in the field.
This procedure was deemed unnecessary because all of the
plants sampled discharge to publicly owned treatment works
precluding the need for effluent chlorination.  This fact
was verified in the field by the sampling teams.
                             261

-------
Sample Collection                         ,   .  .   •

     Table F-l summarizes the samples taken during the 1977
sampling program.  The.five possible sampling points at each
plant were as followss

     (1)  Intake Water or Plant water supply:  These samples were
collected and analyzed to obtain background measurements.

     (2)  Untreated wastewater: Process wastewater (tank and
equipment cleaning wastewater) collected before treatment.  In the
batch treatment operations, the wastewater collected in the
treatment tank was mixed to insure a representative sample for the
collection period.  The length of the collection period ranged
from a few hours to over a week, depending upon each plant's
production schedule.  At the two plants that did not have batch
treatment, composite samples were taken of the untreated waste-
water as it flowed into the treatment system.

     (3)  Treated wastewater: Sampled at the end of the plant's
normal treatment and settling period, usually the following day.
The samples were taken immediately before or, as the supernatant
was being discharged to the sewer-

     (4)  Sludge:  Sampled, if available, and if the consistancy
was sufficiently fluid to allow analysis.;

     (5)  Sampler Blanks:  Deionized water was run through the
automatic samplers used when taking composite samples 4  This was
done to ascertain the amount of hydrocarbon contamination intro-
duced by the sampler tubing.              :

     At a majority of plants, more than one treatment batch was
sampled to account for possible variability in wastewater com-
position.  After the samples were taken, they were properly
labeled, packed in ice, and shipped to the appropriate labora-
tories for analyses.  The samples were shipped by air freight and
received at the labs within 24 hours after sampling.  A chain of
custody form, signed by the samplers, accompanied each set of
samples back to the labs.

Sampling Teams

     For each sampling, plant, a two-man team collected the appro-
priate samples.  During the initial visit to a plant, the engineer
would determine the location of sampling points and set up the
sampling schedule with the plant representative.

Inventory of Sampling Points

     Table F-2 presents pertinent information  regarding each
sample taken during the 1977  study.
                                      262

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      2
      01


      Q'
a    |

I    s
      §
                M

                .
                                                                                     O 4J 4J
                                                                                     •H fl -H
                                                                                     m 
                                                                                     >i c 
-------
                                   TABLE  F-2



                    1977-1978  Inwantory of Saspla Point*

                              Paint/Ink Industry              :


        Part At   Burni. «nd Ro«/Richard«on Acsociates Sanpling Program



simolina   Airbill  to    Parmonnal Prasant   Ship Oat«/ABf   Data R«c'd
.(•ut^'.a. i ir-j                            ....a*      at** S4 s*K*Vi4*nn   .  Rafaft

1-1-R
1-1-1
1-1-T
1-2-R
1-2-T
1-3-R
1-3-T
2-l-R
2-i-t
2-1-T
2-1-S
2-2-R
2-3-R
2-3-T
2-3-S
2-4-R
2-4-S
3-1-R
3-L-T
3-1-1
3-1-S
3-2-R
3-2-*
3-2-S
3-3-R
3-3-T
3-3-3
4-1-R
4-1-1
4-1-t
4-1-S
4-2-R
4-2-T
4-2-3
4-3-R.
4-3-T
4-3-5
S-l-R
S-JL-I
S-l-T
3-1-S
S-2-R
S-3-R
S-3-T
S-3-S
S-3-R*
S-3-T'
S-3-S*
6-1-R
6-1-1
6-1-T
6-1-S
6-2-R,
6-2-T
6-2-S
6-3-R
6-3-T
6-3-3
7-1-R
7-2-R

7-2-1
S-l-R
8-1-T
8-1-S
8-2-R
8-2-1
8-2-T
8-2-3
8-3-R
8-3-T
8-3-S
. 9-1-R
9-1-T
9-1-S
9-1-1
9-2-R
9-1-t

S-A-002
S-A-001
5-B-016
S.-L-OOl
S-L-002
S-L-004
S-K-008
S-C-016
S-G-017
5-0-021
5-0-022
5-O-023
S-F-024
5-F-02S
S-F-026
•S-F-067
S-F-068
S-F-O69
5-F-001
5-F-002
S-F-003
5-F-004
5-0-018
5-0-019
5-0020
S-F-027
S-F-028
S-F-029
S-F-005
S-F-006
S-0-008
S-G-007
5-F-030
S-F-031
5-F-032
S-F-036
S-F-037
S-F-038
S-F-009
5-F-010
S-F-011
S-F-012
5-F-013
S-F-033
5-F-034
S-F-035
S-F-O60
s-r-063
S-F-064
S-C-04O
5-0039
S-G-041
5-0-042
5-0-043
5-0-044
5-0045
S-O-046
5-0-047
5-0048
5-0049
5-F-061

S-F-062
S-C-037
5-C-038
5-C-039
5-H-003
S-B-004
S-H-006
S-B-005
5-C-049
5-C-050
S-C-051
S-C-042
5-C-C43
5-C-044
S-C-045
S-C-046
5-B-fl07

9/14/77
10/25/77
10/26/77
9/21/77 <
9/21/77 <
9/22/77 t
9/22/77 <
9/23/77
9/26/77
9/27/77
9/27/77
1V9/77
U/10/77
U/10/77
9/19/77
9/19/77
9/19/77
9/19/77
9/21/77
9/21/77
9/21/77
9/27/77
9/27/77
9/27/77
9/20/77
9/20/77
9/21/77
9/21/77
9/27/77
9/28/77
9/28/77
9/28/77
9/29/77
9/20/77
9/21/77
9/21/77
9/22/77
9/22/77
9/22/77
9/27/77
9/28/77
9/28/77
1 1 /fl /TJ
11/a/ / /
11/9/77
11/9/77
9/27/77
9/27/77
9/27/77
9/27/77
9/28/77
9/29/77
9/29/77
9/29/77
9/29/77
9/29/77
9/29/77
11/8/77

11/9/77
10/11/77
10/11/77
10/11/77
10/13/77
10/13/77
10/13/77
10/13/77
10/18/77
10/18/77
10/18/77
10/12/77
10/13/77
10/13/77
10/13/77
10/13/77
10/14/77


1
1
1
1
IRQ 4472043 1
3RD 4472043 i
3RD 4486391
3RD 4486391







ORO 4472043
MKE 2647099
MKE 2647099
MXE 2650103

ORD 4474418
ORO 4474419
ORD 4474413
HKE 2661714

KKE 2661714
LAX 3960383
LAX 3960383
LAX 3960383
LAX 3960303
LAX 396031)3
LAX 3962036
! Hand Carriad Hotat ,u]
TO AC " S^'to^
*.S. L.W. Band Carriad ?ollutant
1.3. L.W. Band Carriad Hatala Oal
U.S. L.H. Hand Carriad Racaivad 1
f.S. A.C. Band Carriad 11/1/78
M.S. B.E. ORD 4472044
H.S. B.E. ORO 4472044
M.S. B.E. ORD 88212913
M.S. B.K.. ORD 88212913 ,
M.S.
P 3 ,M.3. ORD 89328245
„ 3 ORO 88213753
M.3. ORD 88213753
H 3. ORO 89256204 '
E.K. ORO 46765121
E.K. ORD 46765121
P. 3., M.S. E.K. , B.E.
P. 3., M.S. E.K..8.E.
P. 3., M.S. E.K. .B.E.
P. 3., M.S. E.K. , B.E.
M.3. B.E. ORD 4472044
M.S. B.E. ORD 4472044
M.S. B.E. ORD 4472044
M.S. ORD 88213753 :
H s. ORD 88213753
H.S. ORD 88213753
P.S..M.S. E.K. , B.E.
P.S. , M.S. E.K. ,B.E.
P.S..M.S. B.E. ORD 4472044
P.S..M.S. B.E. ORD 4472044
H s. °R° 88213753
H.3. ORD 89328282
H.S. ORD 89328282
M.3. E.K. ORO S821391S
H S E.K. ORO 48304255
M.3. E.K. ORD 48304255
E.K. MKE 2647098
E.K. MKE 2647098
E.K. MKE 41466972
E.X. MKE 41466972
E.K. MKE 2650103
E.K. MKE 45183526
P.S. S.K. MKE 45163366
p.3. E.K. MKB 45163366
H.S..T.F. E.K. MKE 48913410
T F. E.K. ORD 89256204 -
T.F. E.K. ORO 39256204
t.a. B.E. ORD 88213720
P.S. B.E. ORD 88213720
P.S. B.E. ORD 88213720
g S B.E. ORD 88213720
F.3. B.E. ORO 88213915 ,
P.S. B.E. ORO 48304255
P.S. B.E. ORD 48304255
P.S. B.S. " ORO 48304255
B.E. , S.K. ORO 48304255 :
B.S. , E.K. ORD 43304255
P.S.,H.S. MKE 86856011
T.-..M.S. E.K. MKE 48913410

T.F..M.S. E.K. MKE 48913410 '
P.S..M.S. G.A. , A.C. LAX 43290730 .
P. 3., M.S. G.A. , A.C. LAX 43290730
P.S..M.S. O.A..A.C. LAX 43290730
p s. A.C. LAX 43291614
P.S. A.C. LAX 43291614 ;
P.S..M.S. G.A..A.C.. LAX 43291614
P.S..M.S. G.A. , A.C. LAX 43291614
M.S. A.C. LAX 43291625
M.S. A.C. , G.A. LAX 43291625 ;
M S. ' A.C. ,G.A. LAX 43291625
P.S. , M.S. LAX 43291010 '
H.S. G.A. LAX 43291614
H.S. G.A. LAX 43291614 •
H.3. G.A. LAX 43291614
P.S. , M.S. G.A. , A.C. LAX 43291614
S.S. A.C. ' LAX 43292476
&fill Co^Q note jL*si9*WM^
i
and
Oi
»y

ralaaaad baton MBpUng






Vraataant didn't work,
calaaicd a* aludga
"Fraction* should b*
aasignad 5-4-R,T,S,
not S-3-R,T,S
Traatvnnt don* twioa
Tot. metal not procusad-
takan tzom axtra aaBpla
fraction

                                                   264

-------
                 Pare \  (Cone.)

9-2-S
9-3-R
9-3-T
9-3-S
10-1-R
10-1-1
10-2-R
10-3-R
11-1-R
11-1-1
12-1-R
12-1-1
13-1-R
13-1-1
13-1-T
13-1-S
13-2-R
13-2-T
13-2-3
13-3-R
13-3-1
13-3-S
14-1-R
14-1-1
14-1-T
14-1-S
14-2-R
14-2-T
14-2-3
1S-1-I
15-1-R
1S-1-T
1S-2-R
1S-2-T
1S-3-R
15-3-T
16-1-R
16-1-1
17-1-R
17-1-1
17-1-T
17-2-R
17-2-T
17-3-R
17-3-T
18-1-R
18-1-1
18-1-T
18-2-R
18-2-T
18-3-R
18-3-T
18-3-3

19-1-R
19-1-1
20-1-R
20-1-1
20-1-T
20-1-S
20-2-R
20-2-T
20-2-S
20-3-R
20-3-T
21-1-R
21-1-1
22-1-R
22-1-1
22-1-T
23-1-R
23-1-1

5-8-008
5-C-043
5-C-052
S^-C-053
5-C-040
S-C-041
5-C-047
5-C-054
5-F-06S
5-F-066
S-F-070
S-ff-071
5-H-010
5-K-011
S-H-012
5-H-013
5-C-055
S-C-056
5-C-OS7
S-C-058
5-C-059
5-C-060
S-H-014
5-H-015
5-H-O16
S-H-017
3-H-013
S-H-019 ;
5-B-020
5-H-021
5-H-022
S-ft-023
5-8-024
5-H-02S
5-H-026
S-H-027
S-U-028A
5-B-029A
S-B-028B
S-H-029B
5-H-030
S-H-031
5-H-032
5-C-064
S-C-06S
S-H-033
S-H-034
S-C-063
5-C-073
5-H-037
S-J-001
S-J-002
5-J-003

S-C-061
S-C-062
5-C-066
S-C-067
5-C-068
5-C-069
S-C-070
S-C-071
5-C-072
S-H-038
5-8-039
S-H-03S
5-H-036
S-E-001
S-E-002
S-E-003
5-J-006
5-J-007

10/14/77
' i n nt /ll
" 10/17/77
10/18/77
10/18/77
10/12/77
10/12/77
10/14/77
10/20/77
11/10/77
11/10/77
11/10/77
11/10/77
11/14/77
11/14/77
11/15/77
11/15/77
11/17/77
11A8/77
11/18/77
11/21/77
11/22/77
11/22/77
11/15/77
11/15/77
11/16/77
11/16/77
11/15/77
11/16/77
1V16/77
11/16/77
11/16/77
11/16/77
11/17/77
11/17/77
11/18/77
11/18/77
11/17/77
11/17/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
11/30/77
12/1/77
12/1/77
12/6/77
12/6/77
12/2/77
12/2/77
12/5/77
12/9/77
12/12/77
12/16/77
12/19/77
12/19/77

12/7/77
12/7/77
12/7/77
12/7/77
12/8/77
12/8/77
12/8/77
12/9/77
12/9/77
12/12/77
12/13/77
12/9/77
12/9/77
1/10/78
1/10/78
1/10/78
1/31/78
1/31/78
Airbill to


LAX 3960333
LAX 3960333
ORD 4509943
OBO 4509943
ORD 4509943
ORD 4509943
SEA 5476736
SEA 5476736
SEA 5476740







SBA 5476740
SEA 5476740
SBA S47S741




POX 5366344
PDX 5366966
PDX 5366966
PDX 5366997
PDX 5366997
JFK 5454956
JFK 5454956
JFK 5454956
JFK 5454591
JFK 5454591
EWR 6022816





EWR 6022839
EWR 6022839
EHR 6022839
EWR 6022839
EWR 6022855






EWR 6047003
EWR 6047003




Personnel
P.S.
M.S.

P.S. ,M.S.
P.S. ,M.S.
M.S.
M.S.
M.S., T.F.
M.S., T.F.
T.F.
T.F.
P. 3., M.S.
P.S.,M.S.
P. 3., M.S.
P.S..H.S.
P.S.
P.S.
P.S.
M.S.
M.S.
M.S.
p. a., M.S.
P.S.,M.S.
M.S.
K.3.
P.S..M.S.
M.S.
M.S.

M.S.
M.S.
P.S. .M.S.
P. 3., M.S.

P. 3., M.S.
P.S.,M.S.
P. 3., M.S.
M.S.
P. 3., M.S.
M.S.
M.S.
M.S.

M.S.

M.S.
M.S.
M.S.
M.S.

M.S.
M.S.
11.3.
M.S.
P.S.
P.S.



M.S.
M.S.
Present Ship Data/As* Data 8
EHRA to Richardson Date
A.C. LAX 43292476
G.A. , A.C.
S.A. LAX 43291625
S.A. LAX 43291625
A.C..G.A. LAX 43291010
A.C. , G.A. LAX 43291010
S.A. LAX 43292476
G.A. , A.C.
ORD 46765121
ORD 46765121
E.K. OBO 46765121
E.K. ORD 46765121
G.A. , A.C. SEA 5476738
G.A. , A.C. SEA 5476738
G.A. , A.C. SEA 62486410
G.A. ,A,C. SEA 62486410
G.A. SEA 35533562
S.A. SEA 26397276
S.A. SEA 26397276
G.A. , A.C. SEA 62466082
S.A. ,A.C. SEA 46286903
S.A. ,A.C. SEA 46286903
G.A. , A.C. SEA 62486410
G.A. , A.C. SEA 62486410
S.A. SEA 35520612
S.A. SBA 35520612
G.A. , A.C. SEA 62486410
S.A. SEA 35502612
O.A. SEA 35502612
A.C. POX 2676S185-
A.C. POX 267631BS
A.C. POX 2676S13S
A.C. POX 26896645
A.C. POX 26896645
A.C. PDX 26896756
A.C. POX 26896756
S.A. PDX 26896645
S.A. PDX 2689664S
S.A. ,A.C. EWR 09965244
G.A..A.C. EWR 09965244
G.A. , A.C. EWR 09965244
S.A. ,A.C. EHR 09965362
Q.A. ,A.C. EWR 09965362
G.A. ,J,.C. EWR 14921255
G.A. , l.C. EHR 14921255
G.A. , A.C. Hand Carried
G. A., A.C. Hand Carried
EWR 09965804
G.A. Rand Carried
EWR 15449210
EWR 15449534


6. A., A.C.
A.C.
G.A.
S.A.
G.A. , A.C. EWR 15449022
G.A. . A.C. EWR 15449022
S.A..A.C. EWR 15449022
S.A. Band Carried
G.A. Rand Carrieil
A.C. EWR 15449210
A.C. Hand Carried
A.C. Hand Carried
A.C. Band Carried
A.M.
A.M.
A.M.

«c'd
Raaarks


Composite
Coaposit*
Coaposite






















Composite
Cooposite
Composite
Composite
Composite

Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Cooposita






No preservative in
Cyanide
















COD not preserved,
UTUL hlank sent to
                                                              Carborundtai.
                   PESSONHBL
Burns and Roe

Henry Celestino
To» Fieldsend
Mark Sadowaki
Paul storch
                      265
B.H. Richardson

Garret Area
Angelo Conte
Toa Dean
Bill Elliott
Eric Hoffe
Earl Kunkle
Albert Kerena
Larry willay

-------
                                                        TABLE F-2

                                     PASS  BI EPA FZGIONAI, OFFICES SAMPLIRG PBOGMM
Personnel Preeant
BUI
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
s
5
6
s
6
6
7
7
O2
12
12
12
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
ESJ-SCC*
Cod«
0021S
00214
00216
00217
00129
00128
00130
00131
00119
00118
00120
00121
00062
00061^
00063 *
00064
00113
00112
00114
00115
00069
00067
00123
00122
00124
00125

























Regional Sanpla •
OS-05-CM19S02
08-O5-CM19S01
08-OS-QU9S03
08-05-CM19S04
08-OS-CM29S02
08-05-CH29S01
08-OS-CM29S03
OS-05-CH29S04
CB30S02
CB30S01
C330S03
CB30S04




CB01302
CSOlSOl
CB01303
CB01S04


C331S02
CB31S01
CB31S03
CB31S04
08-05-161502
08-05-E619503
08-05-E619S04

SOI
SO4
309
S02
SOS
S03
S06
S07
132D
1521
152?
1524
1525
1519
1518
1344
1545
080SEG18S02
0805EG18S01
030SEG18S04
080SEG18S03
0805EG18S06
P3-1
7S-4
SaBple

I
T
S
R
I
T
S'
R
I
I
S
R
I
•S
S
R
I
1
S
R
I
R
I
T
• 3
R
I
I
S
X
T
I
R
t
R
T
S
R
t
R
S
I
R
I
T
S
R
1
*
S
I.
R
I
Simple Points
it - n»u Uutawater
Stapling
Date
10/2/78
10/3/78
10/4/78
10/4/78
10/3/78
10/3/78
10/3/78
10/3/78
10/5/78
10/5/78
10/6/78
10/6/78
9/19/78
9/19/78
9/20/78
9/20/78
10/4/78
10/4/78
10/4/78
10/4/78
9/19/78
9/19/78
10/5/78
10/5/78
10/6/78
10/6/78
10/11/78
10/11/78
10/11/78
10/11/78
6/26/78
6/27/78
6/27/78
6/27/78
6/27/78
6/27/78
6/27/78 .
6/27/78
7/11/78
7/11/78
7/12/78
7/12/78
7/12/78
7/11/78
7/11/78
7/14/78
7/14/78
8/16/78
3/16/78
3/21/78
8/18/78
3/16/78
1/2S/78
1/25/78
Born* and too
BCR

MS
MS
MS, PS
MS. PS
MS, PS
MS, PS
MS, PS
MS. PS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS, PS
MS, PS
MS, PS
MS, PS
MS
MS
MS, PS
MS, PS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
MS
KS



MS
MS




Of
•et
Par«om
Regional, Data Rac'd
EPA Date Remark*

EM of th«
EM organic data
EH ' r«c«iv«d by
CM 12/18/78
EM . '
EM . '
EH
S3
SB
SB
SB
me
we
WK
WK
SB
SB
SB
SB
:wc
'me
' SB . '
SB
SB
SB
CB
a
'CB
CB
pa
PG
• PC
PC
!PQ
PC
PG
PG - On* iludga aamj
1 GO • repr«*«nta all 3
; GO batch** of ww.
GO
GD
SO
' KC
KC
MS
KC
JG
JG
JG - 3
-------
      APPENDIX G
 ANALYTICAL DATA FROM
INDIVIDUAL PLANT SITES
           267

-------

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          APPENDIX H

   TABULATION OF ANSWERS TO
SELECTED QUESTIONS FROM THE  DCP

      (Refer to Appendix A)
               331

-------

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03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
STATE
STATE
CATEGORY LABEL


CODE
AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
6A
IA
10
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1
12
7
6
196
11
• 10
3
69
35
13
2
106
34
10
22
15
54
20
3
47
19
51
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.4
14.3
0.8
0.7
0.2
5.0
2.5
0.9
0.1
7.7
2,5
0.7
1.6
1.1
3,9
1.5
0.2
3.4
1.4
3.7
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.4
14.3
0*8
0.7
0.2
5.0
2.5
0.9
0,1
7,7
2.5
0,7
1.6
1.1
3.9
1.5
0,2
3,4
1.4
3.7
CUM
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
MS
MT
NC
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
PR
RI
SC
SO
TN
IX
UT
VA
VT
WA

WI
WV
WY
TOTAL
5
3
20
2
3
112
3
1
109
103
9
20
66
6
5
5
1
17
58
4
13
2
22

34
4
1
1374
0.4
• 	 0.2
j ... •
'. 1.5
, 	 0.1
0.2
8.2
\ 0.2
0.1
7.9
7.5
0.7
1.5
: 4.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.1
! 1.2
1 4,2
0.3
' 	 " 	 0.9
0.1
; 1.6
r •» • • i "...
2.5
i 0.3
0.1
: 100.0
0.4
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.2
8.2
0.2
0.1
7.9
7.5
0.7
• 1.5
4.8
0*4
0.4
0.4
0.1
1.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
0.1
1.6

2.5
0.3
0.1
100.0
54.7
54.9
56.3
56.5
56.7
64.8
65.1
65.1
73.1
80.6
81.2
82.7
87.5
87.9
88.3
88.6
88.7
90.0
94.2
94.5
9574
95.6
97.2
	 	 ,
99.6
9g.9
100.0

                                    334

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT    - CHEATED 03/23/78
ORGNTYPE  TYPE OF ORGANIZATION
CATEGORY LABEL
PUBLIC CCRP
PRIVATE CORP
PARTNERSHIP
PROPRIETORSHIP
COOPERATIVE


VALID CASES 1352
SITETYPE STATUS OF
CATEGORY LABEL
ONLY LOCATION
BRANCH PLANT
DIVISION
CAPTIVE SITE


CODE
A
B
C
D
E

TOTAL
MISSING
PLANT SITE
CODE
A
B
C
D

TOTAL
1
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
301
963
22
61
5
22"
1374
CASES 22

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
864
311
175
10
14
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
21.9
70.1
1.6
4.4
0.4
,1.6
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
62.9
22.6
12.7
0.7
1.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
22.3
71.2
1.6
4.5
0.4
MISSING
lO'O.O -
- -.

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
63.5
22.9
12.9
0.7
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(pen
22.3
93.5
95.1
99.6
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREU
(PCT)
63.5
86.4
99.3
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
1360
MISSING CASES
                                           14
                                    335

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
COSTPROF  COST CENTER OR PROFIT     CENTER
CATEGORY LABEL
COST CENTER
PROFIT CENTER

VALID CASES 493
AVRGEMP AVERAGE NUMBER
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN IP
10 TO 20
21 TC 30
31 TC 40
41 TC 50
51 TC 60
61 TC 70
71 TO 80
81 TO 90
91 TC 100
101 TO 150
OVER 150

CODE
A
e
TOTAL
MXSSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
FREQ (PCT)
103
390
881
1374
CASES 881
7.5
28.4
64.1
100.0
i
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
20.9
79.1
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
20.9
100.0
100.0

OF EMPLOYEES 1976
CODE
A
B
C
0
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FHEO
562
286
134
64
66
49
30
15
19
19
52
53
25
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
40.9
20.8
9.8
: 4<7
,4.8
13.6
2.2
: 1.1
1.4
1.4
; 	 3.8. .
3.9
1.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
41.7
21.2
9o9
4«7
4«9
3o6
2.2
1.1
1.4
1.4
3.9
3.9
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
41.7
62.9
72.8
77.5
82.4
86.1
88.3
89.4
90.8
92.2
96.1
100.0
100.0
 VALID CASES
1349
MISSING CASES
25
                                     336

-------
03/23/78
   FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
^AXENPL   MAXIMUM NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 1976
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 10
10 TO 20
21 TO 30
31 TO 40
41 TO SO
51 TO 60
61 TO 70
71 TO 80
81 TO 90
91 TO 100
101 TO 150
OVER 150


VALID CASES 1238
VAfilATN DOES MONTHLY
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO


CODE
A
B
C
0
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAL
MISSING C
PRODUCTION
CODE
A
B

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
476
262
123
72
54
54 •
31
19
23
14
59
51
136
1374
IASES 136
VARY BY 25
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
728
603
43
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
34.6
19.1
9.0
5.2
3.9
3.9
2.3
1.4
1.7
1.0
4.3
3.7
9.9
100.0

PRCNT
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
53.0
43.9
3.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
36.4
21.2
9.9
5.8
4.4
4.4
2.5
1.5
1.9
1.1
4.8
4.1
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
54.7
45.3
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
38.4
59.6
69.5
75.4
79.7
84.1
86.6
88.1
90.0
91.1
95.9
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
54.7
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
1331      MISSING CASES




                    337
43

-------
03/23/78
                  FILE •• PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
PLANTAGE  AGE OF MANUFACTURING FACILITIES
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 3 YEARS
3 TO 5 YEARS
6 TO 10 YEARS
11  TO 20 YEARS
21  TO 30  YEARS
CVER 30  YEARS
 VALID CASES
1352
 VOLUME76  1976


 CATEGORY LABEL
 LESS  THAN 50000
 50001  TO 200000
 200K  TO  1 MILLION
  1  TO  5 MILLION
  OVER  5 MILLION
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F

TOTAL
MISSING
ANNUAL
CODE
A
B
C
D
E

TOTAI
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
67
102
168
321
268
426
22
1374
CASES c
PRODUCTION
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
355
339
416
194
34
36
1374
iRELATIVE /
FREQ
; (PCT)
1 	 4,9 	
7.4
i 12.2
1 23.4
: 	 	 19.5
: 11.0
; 1.6
100.0
!2 	
GALS.
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25.8
24.7
30.3
14.1
; 2.5
2.6
100.0
XDJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
" 5.0 !
7.5
12.4
23.7
19.8
31.5
MISSING
100.0
	 	

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
26.5
25.3
31.1
14.5
2.5
MISSING
100*0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
5.0 	 	 	
12.5
24.9
48.7
68.5
100.0
100.0


' • " 	 ••-
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
26.5
51. 9
83.0
97.5
100.0
100.0

  VALID CASES
 1338
                           MISSING CASES
                            36
                                            338

-------
03/23/78          FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78

PRCNTUSE  PERCENT OF MAXIMUM CAPACITY USED IN 1976
CATEGORY LABEL
o TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
31 TC 40
41 TC 50
51 TO 60
61 TO 70
71 TO 80
81 TO 90
91 TO  100
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
50
31
55
79
140
140
229
342
169
72
67
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
3,6
2.3
4*0
5.7
10,2
10.2
16.7
24,9
12,3
5.2
4.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
3.8
2.4
4.2
6.0
10,7
10.7
17.5
'26.2
12.9
5,5
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
3.8
6,2
10.4
16.4
27.2
37,9
55.4
81.6
94,5
100.0
100,0

 VALID CASES
1307
MISSING CASES
                                           67
                                    339

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
AVGPRODN  AVERAGE ANNUAL PRODUCTION PAST 5 ;YEARS
RELATIVE

CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 50000
50001 TO 200000
200K TO 1 MILLION
1 TO 5 KuLLION
OVER 5 MILLION


VALID CASES 1327
HRKTVALU MARKET VALUE


CATEGORY LABEL
LNDER $250000
S250K TO 500K
S500K TO 1.5 MILLIO
41,5 TO 3 MILLION
S3 TO 5 MILLION
45 TO 10 MILLION
OVER S10 MILLION


VALID CASES 1333

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ ;
A 373
B 359
C 387 :
D 181 :
E 27
47 |
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 47
OF PLANT PRODUCTION

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ ;
A 302 ;
B 185
i 	
C 328
D 191
E 105 !
F HI !'
G 111 !
41
TOTAL 1374
FREQ
(PCT>
27.1
26.1
28.2
13.2
2.0
3.4
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
22.0
13,5
23.9
13.9
7,6
8.:i
8.1
	 3.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
28.1
27.1
29.2
13.6
2.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
22.7
13.9
24.6
14.3
	 7.9
8.3
8.3
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
28.1
55.2
84.3
98.0
100 .0
100.0


	
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
22.7
36.5
61.1
75.5
83.3
91.7
100.0
166.6

MISSING CASES 41
340




-------
   03/23/78
                          -  PAINT     .  CREATED
   TANKSIZ1  NUMBER OF  TANKS LESS  THAN  250 GALS
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 5

6 TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 50
OVER 50



VALID CASES 1245
TANKSIZ2 NUMBER OF
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 5
6 TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 50

OVER 50


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 106

B 466
C 232
D 182
E 187
F_
72
129
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 12'
TANKS 251 TO 500 GALS
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 160
8 433
C 151
D 95

t 70
F 19
446
TOTAL 1374
PIC.I.A 1 i VI
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
7ANKSIZ3  NUMBER OF TANKS 501 TC 1000 GALS


CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 5
6 TO 10

11 TC 20
21 TO 50
OVER SO


VALID CASES 784
TANKSIZ4 NUMBER OF

CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 5
6 TO 10
11 TC 20
21 TC 50
OVER 50




CODE
A
8
C

D
E
F

TOTAL
MISSING
TANKS 1001 TC

COOE
A
B
C
D
E
F

TOTAL
F
ABSOLUTE
FREO
211
336
117
! i,i''i|!,!i: Mm
68
44 	 "'
8
590
1374:
CASES 590
1 1500 GALS

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
296
212
62
44
14
4
742
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
TANKSI25  NUMBER OF TANKS 1501 TO 2500 GALS
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 5
6 TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 50
OVER 50


VALID CASES 598
TANKSIZ6 NUMBER OF
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 5
6 TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 50


F
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 313
B 186
C 61
0 28
E 8
F 2'
776
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 776
TANKS 2501 TO 6000 GALS
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
A 375
8 107
C 34
D 18
E 14
826
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
22.8
13.5
4.4
2.0
0.6
0.1
56.5
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
27,3
7.8
2.5
1.3
1.0
60.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FKEQ
(PCT)
52.3
31.1
10.2
4.7
1.3
0.3
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
68.4
19.5
6.2
3.3
2.6
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
52.3
' 83.4
93*6
98.3
99.7
100.0
100.0

-

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
68.4
88.0
94.2
97.4
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
548
MISSING CASES   826
                                      343

-------
 03/23/78
    FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/33/70
 TANKSIZ7  NUMBER OF TANKS OVER 6nno  GALS
 CATEGORY LABEL
 o
 i  TO  s
 6  TO  10
 21  TO 50
 OVER  50
VALID CASES
 476
NOFShFTS  NUMBER OF


CATEGORY LABEL
I SHIFT
2 SHIFTS
3 SHIFTS
CODE
A
B
C
E
F

TOTAL
MISSING
SHIFTS
CODE
A
B
C

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
449
18
7
1
1
898
1374
CASES 898
PER DAY
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1128
119
45
82
1374
RELATIVE
, FREQ
j (PCT)
32.7
1.3
0.5
!" •' ' ,',,,, " ,'": ,
' 0-1
i 0.1
I 65.4
100.0
' 	

RELATIVE
' FREQ
(PCT)
82.1
! .8.7
3.3
1 V.o'
; 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
94.3
3.8
	 1.5
0.2
0.2
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
87.3
9.2
3.5
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
94.3
98.1
99.6
99.8
100.0
100.0


':,::„
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
87.3
96.5
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
1292
MISSING CASES
                                          821
                                       344

-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
SHFTLGTH  LENGTH OF SHIFTS IN HOURS
CATEGORY LABEL
7 HOURS
8 HOURS
10 HOURS
12 HOURS
9 HOURS

VALID CASES 1329
DAYSPRWK NUMBER OF
CATEGORY LABEL
UNDER 4
4
5
6
7

RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREO ,•••••»••
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
4.1
94.1
97.9
98.0
100.0
100.0

DAYS PER V»EEK OF OPERATION
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 130
B 79
C 1119
0 23
E 1
22
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
9.5
5.7
81.4
1.7
0.1
1.6
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
DAYSPRYR  DAYS PER YEAR OF PLANT OPERATION
CATEGORY LABEL
150 TO 200
201 TO 250
251 TO 300
301 TO 365
UNDER 150


VALID CASES 1337
WATRCONS PLANT WATER
CATEGORY LABEL
UNDER 10000 GPO
10K TO 25K GPU
25K TO 50K GPD
50K TO 100K GPD
100K TO 500K GPD
OVER 500K GPO


VALID CASES 1284

CODE
A
B
C
D
E

TOTAL
MISSING
CONSUMPTION
CODE
A
8
C
D
E
F

TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
125 ;
533
557
87
35 ;
37
1374 i
CASES
i
FOR ALL;
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1100
78
52
22
26 :
6 '
90
1374 ,
CASES
346
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
9.1
38.8
40.5
6.3
2.5
2.7
100.0
37 	 •' '
USES
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
80.1
5.7
3.8
1.6
1.9
0.4
6.6
100.0
90

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
9.3
39.9
41.7
6.5
2.6
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
85.7
6.1
4.0
1.7
2.0
0.5
MISSING
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
9.3
49.2
90.9
97.4
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
85.7
91.7
95.8
97.5
99.5
100.0
100.0




-------
03/23/78
   FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
fcATERUSl  WATER USED IN PRODUCT    PERCENT
CATEGORY LABEL
0

1 TO
11
21
3.1
41
51
61
71
81
9.1
100

TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO



10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
99


CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
6
H
I
J
K
L
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
297
416
100
63
38
59 '
46
53
69
66
78
16
73
1374
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
21
30
7
4
2
4
3
3
5
4
5
1
5
100
.6
.3
.3
.6
.8
• 3
.3
.9
.0
.8
.7
.2
.3
.0
22.
32.
7.
4.
2.
4.
3.
4.
5.
5.
6.
1.
8
0
7
8
9
5
5
1
3
1
0
2
MISSING
100.
0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
22
54
62
67
70
74
78
82
87
92
98
100.
100
.8
.8
.5
.3
.3
.8
.3
.4
.7
.8
.8
.0
.0
VALIO CASES
1301
MISSING CASES
73
                                      347

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
WATERUS2  WATER USED FOR COOLING PERCENT
CATEGORY LABEL



0



1 TO    10



11 TO 20



21 TO 30



31 TO 4.0



41 TO 50



51 TO 60



61 TO 70



71 T.O 80



81 TO 90



91 TO 99



 100
CODE
A
B
C
0
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAL
ii
ABSOLUTE^
FREQ
484
236
62 :
51 !
35 ,
45 '
41 ;
42
45
67 :
51
2
213 ;
1374 '''•
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
35.2
17.2
4.5
3.7
2.5
3.3
3.0
3.1
3.3
4.9
3.7
0.1
15.5 	
100.0
ADJUSTED
FHEQ
(PCT)
41.7
20.3
5.3"'
^.4
3.0
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.9
5.8
4.4
0.2
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
41.7 	
62.0
6 7, "4
-.:-"
74.8
78.6
82.2
85.8
89.7
95.4
99.8
iW.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
1161
                          MISSIM3 CASES   213
                                           348

-------
03/23/78
  FILE  -  PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
WATERUS3  PERCENT OF WATER USED FOR BOILER FEED
CATEGORY LABEL



0



1 TO   10



11 TO 20



21 TC 3Q



31 TO 40



41 TO 50



51 TC 60



61 TO 70



71 TO 80



81  TO 90



 91  TO 99


CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K

TOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
562
446
48
23
7
13
5
1
3
7
2
257
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
40.9
32.5
3.5
1.7
0.5
0.9
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
18.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
50.3
39.9
4.3
2.1
0.6
1.2
0,4
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.2
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
50.3
90.2
94.5
96.6
97.2
98.4
98.8
98.9
99.2
99. «
100.0
100. 0

 VALID CASES
1117
MISSING CASES   257
                                      349

-------
 03/23/78
    FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
 WATERUS4  PERCENT OF WATER USED FOR TANK CLEANING
 CATEGORY  LABEL
 0
 1  TO    10
 11  TO 20
 21  TO 30
 31  TO 4.0
 41  TC 50
 51  TC 60
 61  TC 70
 71  TC 80
VALID CASES
1209
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

I

TOTAL
MISSING
, 	 1
ABSOLUTE
FREQ i
427
602
84
43
26
13 I
1
6
7
j ,!:,„!!»
1
! 	 '
165 ;
1374
CASES 165
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
3M
43.8
6.1
3.1
1.9
0.9
0.4
0.5
" •:!! , ', '"'' l|'1'" ' '"' •
O.I
12.0
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
35.3
49.8
6.9
3.6
2.2
1.1
0.5
0.6
, • • ; !"'! ' ! '»' ' i
P»l
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCJ)
35,3
85.1
92.1
95.6
97.8
98.8
99.3
99.9
1 !!«, ''• I!'11'!'1!!!!1!'1!", ''
lop.o
100.0
	

                                      350

-------
 03/23/78
    FILE  - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
 KATERUS5  PERCENT  OF WATER USED FOR SANITARY
 CATEGORY  LABEL



 0



 1  TO    10



 11 TO 20



 21 TC 30



 31 TO 40



 41 TO 50



 51 TC 60



 61 TC 70



 71 TC 80



 81 TC 90



 91 TC 99



 100

CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

OTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
112
539
129
70
59
55'
35
37
42
44
78
44
130
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
a. 2
39.2
9.4
5.1
4.3
4.0
2.5
2.7
3.1
3.2
5.7
3.2
9.5
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
9.0
43.3
10.4
5.6
4.7
4.4
2.8
3.0
3.4
3.5
6.3
3.5
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
9.0
52.3
62.7
68.3
73.1
77.5
80.3
83.3
86.7
90.2
96.5
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
1244
MISSING CASES   130
                                    351

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
&ATERUS6  PERCENT OF WATER USED FOR AIR POLL CONTR
CATEGORY LABEL
o
i TO   10
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
31 TC 40
51 TC 60
71 TC 80
91 TO 99
 VALID  CASES
1016
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
G
I
K
TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
952
55
3
2
1
1
1
1
358
1374
CASES
: 69.3
	 4.o '
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
26.1
; loo.o
358
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
93.7
	 '. 5.4
"' ' " 0.3 	
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
93.7
99. "l 	
"99.4 	
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.0

                                         352

-------
03/23/78
  FILE  -  PAINT     -  CREATED 03/23/78
 KATERUS7  PERCENT  OF  WATER  USED  FOR  OTHER  PURPOSES
CATEGORY LABEL
o
i TO   10
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
3.1 TO 40
41 TO 50
61 TO 70
71 TO 80
81 TO 90
91 TO 99


CODE
A
B
C
0
E
F
H
I
J
K

rOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREO
359
46
10
10
1
3 '
1
1
2
1
940
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
26.1
3.3
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
68.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
82.7
10.6
2.3
2.3
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
82.7
93,3
95.6
97.9
98.2
98.8
99.1
99.3
99.8
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
434
MISSING CASES   940
                                        353

-------
03/23/7b
  FILE - PAINT
                                  - CHEATED 03/23/78
TRAOESLS  PERCENT OF TRAOESALES PAINT
CATEGORY LABEL




0




1 TO   10



11 TC 20



21 TC 30




31 TO 40



41 TC 50



51 TO 60



61 TC 70




 II TO 80



81 TC 90




91 TO 99



 100
 VALID  CASES
1312
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
464
125
39
44
39
58
34
47
43
77
160
182
62
1374
CASES
RELATIVE
: FREQ
; (PCT)
33.8
I
9.1
' 	 2.8
3.2
: 2.8
! 4.2
2.5
3.4
1 3.1
5.6
; 	 11. 6
1 •' .i,r i"!1'11::,,"1 • "iinii!' • "i": ' / -
13.2
4.5
100.0
62
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
35.4
9.5
3.0
3.4
3.0
4.4
2.6
3.6
3.3
5.9
12.2
""•"••' 1^.9'
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
35.4"
44.9
47.9
51.2
54.2
58.6
61.2
64.8
68 . 1
" '73.9 	
86.1
jiiili i<,.i,inii iiiiiiiL'Miiii1"
160.0
100.0


                                         354

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
                                    CREATED 03/23/78
INDSLS    PERCENT OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
CATEGORY LABEL
0

1 TO
11
21
11
41
51
61
71
81
91
TO
TC
TO
TO
TO
TO
T:0
TO
TO

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
99
100



CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
6
H
I
J
K
L
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
295
190
62
56
38
66
26
33
44
44
111
340
69
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
21,5
13.8
4e5
4,1
2.8
4.8
1.9
2.4
3.2
3.2
8.1
24.7
5.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
'J3/23/78
   FILE: - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/73
OTHKSLS   PERCENT OF OTHER PRODUCTS
CATEGORY LABEL



0




1 TO   10



11 TO 20



21 TC 30



31 TC 40



41 TO 50



51 TC 60




61 TO 70



71 TO 80




81 TO 90



91 TO 99



100
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
919
170
22
17
22
15
6
4
7
8
25
37
122
1374
RELATIVE
• FREQ
! (PCT)
! 	 66.9"
12.4
i 1.6
1 1.2
!' 	 " :i.6 :
1.1
i •
; 0.4
0.3
0.5
0.6
1.8
2.7
8.9
100.0
: ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
73.4 	
13.6
1.8
1.4
' 	 ''::;Y.a
1.2
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.6
2.0
3.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
7374'
87.0
88.7
90.1
'"'9179'
93.1
93.5
93.8
94.4
95.0
97«0
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
1252
MISSING CASES   122
                                           356

-------
03/23/78
  FILE  -  PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
WTRBASE   PERCENT OF WATER BASE PAINT
CATEGORY LABEL



0



1 TO   10



11 TO 20



21 TO 30



3.1 TO 40



41 TO 50



51 TO 60



61 TO 70



71 TO 80



81 TO 90



91 TO 99



100
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

fOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
345
274
86
S3
52
63
33
99
79
€a I
54
55
70
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25.1
19.9
6.3
3.9
3.8
4.6
6.0
7.2
5.7
4.4
3.9
4.0
5.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FSEQ
(PCT)
26.5
21.0
6.6
4.1
4.0
4.8
6.4
7.6
6.1
4.7
4.1
4.2
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
26.5
47.5
54.1
58.1
62.1
66.9
73.3
80.9
87.0
91.6
95.8
100.0
100.0

VALIC CASES
1304
MISSING CASES
70
                                    357

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
SOLVBASE  PERCENT OF SOLVENT BASE PRODUCTION
CATEGORY LABEL



0



1 TO   10



11 TO 20



21 TC 30



31 TO «0



41 TC 50



51 TO 60



61 TO 70



71 TC 80



81 TC 90



91 TO 99



 100
CODE
A
8
C
D
E
F
6
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
135
98
66
100
78
114
60
50
51
97
229
230
66
1374
RELATIVE
: FREQ
(PCT)
1 9.8
1 7.1
; 4.8
7.3
: 5.7
; 8.3
4.4
3.6
3.7
7.1
16.7
	 16.7 	
. ^Q
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
10.3
7.5
5.0
7.6
6.0
8.7
4.6
3.8
3.9
7.4
17.5
	 17.6 	
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
10.3
17.8
22.9
,30.5
36.5
45.2
49.8
53.6
57.5
64.9
82.4
100. 0
100.0

 VALID CASES
1308
MISSING CASES
                                           66
                                        358

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
                                  » CREATED 03/23/78
OTHR8ASE  PERCENT OF OTHER BASE PAINT PRODUCTION
CATEGORY LABEL



0



1 TO   10



11 TC 20



21 TO 30



31 TO 40



41 TC SO



51 TG 60



61 TC 70



71 TO 80



81 TO 90



91 TO 99



100
 VALID  CASES
1192
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
6
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1056
59
11
7
5
8'
7
4
1
10
8
16
182
a> *B  OB
1374
CASES K
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
76.9
4,3
0.8
0*5
0,4
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.1
0,7
0.6
1.2
13.2
100.0
32
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
88.6
4,9
0.9
Oe6
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.8
0.7
1.3
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
88.6
93.5
9495
95,1
95e5
96.1
96.7
97.1
97.1
98.0
98.7
100.0
100.0


                                        359

-------
03/23/78
   FILE  »  PAINT
         -  CREATED  03/23/78
TINTBASE  PERCENT OF PAINT IN WHITE OR TINTBASE
CATEGORY LABEL



0



1 TO   10



11 TC 20



21 TC 30



31 TC 40



41 TC 50



51 TC 60



61 TO 70



71 TO 80



81 TO 90



91 TO 99



100
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
122
159
106
87
102
122
95
106
113
109
115
49
89
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
8.9
i ..11-6
7.7
1 6.3
7.4
: 8.9
6.9
7.7
8.2
7.9
8.4
3.6
	 6.5 .,
: 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
9.5
12.4
8.2
6.8
7.9
9.5
7.4
8.2
8.8
8.5
8.9
3.8
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
9.5 	
21.9
30.1
36.9
44.8
54.3
61.7
70.0
78.8
87.2
96.2
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
1285
MISSING CASES
89
                                             360

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
         -  CREATED  03/23/78
COLORPNT  PERCENT OF PAINT TINTED
CATEGORY LABEL
0

1 TO
n
21
31
41
SI
61
71
81
91
100

TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO



10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
99


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
TOTAL
125
200
121
127
91
145
105
71
88
87
68
40
106
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
9
14
8
9
6
10
7
a
,6
.8
.2
.6
.6
.6
5,2
6
6
A
2
7
100
.4
,3
.9
.9
.7
.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
9.9
15.8
9.5
10.0
7.2
11.4
8.3
5.6
6.9
6.9
5.4
3.2
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
9
25
35
45
52
63
72
77
84
91
96
100
100
.9
.6
.2
.2
04
.8
ol
.7
.6
85
.8
.0
.0
VALID CASES
1268
MISSING CASES   106
                                   361

-------
03/23/78
                  FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
ORGANIC   PERCENTAGE OF ORGANIC PIGMENTS EXC TI02
CATEGORY LABEL




0



1  TO    10



11 TC  20



21 TO  30



31 TC  40



41 TC  50



 51 TC  60




 61 TC 70



 71 TC 80



 81 TC 90




 91 TC 99



 100
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAl
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
163
437
159
92
43
92
22
29
31
39
: si
28
188
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
:
-------
03/23/78
 FILE  -  PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
INORGNIC  PERCENT OF INORGANIC PIGMENTS EXC TI02



ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TC 30
31 TO 40
41 TO 50
51 TC 60
61 TC 70
71 TO 80
81 TO 90
91 TO 99
100


VALID CASES 1203
MNFRSNS ARE RESINS

CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO


CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L

TOTAL
FREQ
92
113
49
39
25
86
44
52
104
156
344
99
171
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
6.7
8.2
3.6
2.8
1.8
6.3
3.2
3.8
7.6
11.4
25.0
7.2
12.4
100,0 "
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
7.6
9.4
4.1
3.2
2.1
7.1
3.7
' 4.3
8.6
13.0
28.6
8.2
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
7.6
17.0
21.1
24.4
26.4
33.6
37.2
41.6
50.2
63.2
91.8
100.0
100.0

MISSING CASES 171
MANUFACTURED

CODE
A
B

TOTAL
ON THIS

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
112
1220
42
1374
SITE
RELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED ,03/23/78
h-NFVRNSH  VARNISH IS PRODUCED
CATEGORY LABEL
                          RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                ABSOLUTE  :  FREQ      FREQ     FREQ
          CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 716
HNFSHLLC SHELLAC IS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS

VALID CASES 32
A
TOTAL
MISSING
MANUFACTURED
CODE
B
TOTAL
MISSING
716 ! 52.1 100.0 100.0
658 I 47.9 MISSING 100.0
1374 100.0 100.0
CASES 658
1
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE ! FREQ FREQ FREQ
FHEQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
32 2.3 100S0 100.0
1342 j 97.7 MISSING 100.0
1374 100.0 100.0
! 	 	 	 	
CASES 1342
MNFCAULK CAULK COMPOUNDS ARE PRODUCED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 106
CODE
C
TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREU
FREQ , (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
106 ! 7.7 100.0 100.0
1268 92.3 MISSING 100.0
1374 ! 100. 0 100.6
CASES 1268
364

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
          PUTTY PRODUCTS    ARE PRODUCED

CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 74
HNFGRAVR GRAVURE INK IS

CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 33
MNFPteOER POWDER COATINGS

CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS



CODE
D

TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
74
1300
1374
CASES 1300
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.4
94.6
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.X)
100.0


PRODUCED ON SITE -

CODE
E

TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
33
1341
1374
CASES 1341
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.4
97.6
100,0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


ARE PRODUCED

CODE
F

TOTAL
VALID CASES 47 MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
47
1327
1374
CASES 1327
RELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
  FILE « PAINT    - CREATED '03/23/78
MNFRNOVR  PAINT REMOVERS    ARE MANUFACTURED
CATEGORY LABEL



NO* CF PLANTS
CODE
G

OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
124
1250
1374
RELATIVE
: FREQ
(PCT)
9.0
' 91,0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
124
MISSING CASES  1250
MNFFLLRS  WOOD FILLERS OR SEALANTS ARE MANUFACTURE
CATEGORY LABEL

CODE
H ,

rOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
206
1168
1374
RELATIVE
[ FREQ
: (PCT)
! 15.0
85.0
, ^ ^ **M ^
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID  CASES
206
                          MISSING  CASES   1168
 *ATR*ASH  WATER RINSE OF TANKS IS PRACTICED
 CATEGORY LABEL

CODE
A

FOTAL

•ABSOLUTE !
FREQ !
851 ,
523 !
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
61.9
38.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

  VALID CASES
 851
                           MISSING CASES   523
                                        366

-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT    -- CREATE. UJ/23/78
CSTCVuASH  CAUSTIC
      RINSING OF TANKS IS PRACTIC
CATEGORY LABEL
MO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASES 163
SOLVViASH SOLVENT RINSING
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASES 1101
ORYCLNTK DRY CLEAN UP OF
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREO 
B 163 11.9
1211 88.1
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1211
OF TANKS IS PRACTICED
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
C 1101 80.1
273 19.9
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 273
r TANKS IS PRACTICED
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
D 189 13.8
1185 86.2
TOTAL 1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FKEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
( PCT )
100.0
MISSING
10 0.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100*0
100.0


••
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
189
MISSING CASES  1185
                                      367

-------
 03/23/78
   FILE  -  PAINT     -  CREATED  03/23/78
CSTCSOAK   PEKIODIC  CAUSTIC  SOAKS  OF  TANKS


CATEGOKY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASfcS
CSTCTYPE TYPE

CATEGORY LABEL
CLOSEU LOOP
OPEN
PARTIAL RECYCLE




CODE
E

TOTAL
164 MISSING
OF CAUSTIC SYSTEV

CODE
A
B
C

TOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
164
1210
1374
CASES 1210
USED

ABSOLUTE
FREO
70
101
80
1123
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
; 
-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
WATRPRES  WATER PRESSURE USED FOR TANK RINSING


CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 50 PSI
50 TO 100 PSI
101 TO 150 PSI
OVER 150 PSI


VALID CASES 851
DRYCLNFL SPILLS PICKED

CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO



ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 576
8 226
C 20
D 29
523
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 52
UP BY DRY CLEANING

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 1014
B 223
137
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
41.9
16.4
1.5
2.1
38.1
100.0
13
METHODS
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
73.8
16.2
10.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
67*7
26.6
2.4
3.4
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
82.0
18.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
67*7
94.2
96.6
100.0
100.0



CUM
. FREQ
(PCT)
82.0
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
1237
                          MISSING CASES    137
                                       369

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
CLNGFREQ  FREQUENCY OF TANK
                 RINSING


CATEGORY LABEL
ALL OF THE TIME
HOST OF THE TIME
OCCASIONALLY
NEVER


VALID CASES 1334
REUSEPKD REUSF OF


CATEGORY LABEL
ALL OF THE TIME
HOST OF THE TIME
OCCASIONALLY
NEVER




CODE
A
B
C
D

TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
403
522
307
102
40
1374
CASES
WASHWATER IN SUBSEQUENT


CODE
A
B
C
D

TOTAL
VALID CASES 1000 MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FHEQ
131
219
185
465
374
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
I 29.3
38,0
• 22.3
	 7.4"
i 2.9
100.0
40
BATCHES
RELATIVE
: FREQ
(PCT)
i
	 9.5
15.9
13.5
; 33. a
27.2
; 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
30.2
39.1
23.0
Y.6 	
MISSING
100.0

. ,,' " .
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
	 13.1 	
21.9
18.5
46.5
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
30.2
" gj^ V
92.4
100. 0
100.0


• 	 ' ' - '
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
"'is 	 .'i '
35.0
53,5
100. 0
100, U

CASES 374
                                       370

-------
03/23/78
   FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
REUSEWSH  REUSE OF WASHWATER TO CLEAN TANKS
CATEGORY LABEL
ALL OF THE TIME
NOST OF THE TIME
OCCASIONALLY
NEVER

VALID CASES 942
ORAINSTR FLOOR DRAINS
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO

CODE
A
B
C
D
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
69
152
226
495
432
1374
CASES 432
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.0
11.1
16.4
36.0
31,4
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
7.3
16.1
24.0
52.5
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
7.3
23.5
47.5
100.0
100.0

ARE CONNECTED TO STORM SEUE
CODE
A
8
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
202
1104
66
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
14.7
80.3
4.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
15.5
84.5
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREU
(PCT)
15.5
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
1306
MISSING CASES
68
                                371

-------
03/23/78
 FILE  -  PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
DHAINSAN  FLOOR DRAINS CONNECTED TO SANITARY SEViER
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO


VALID CASES 1303
TNKSIZE1 WATER USED
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 60 GALS
61 TO 100 GALS
101 TO 200 GALS
OVER 200 GALS


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
i 	
A 441 ; 32.1
B 862 62,7
71 ! 5.2
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 71
TO CLEAN TANKS UNDER 250 GALS
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ ; (PCT)
A 834 j 60.7
B 13 0.9
C 4 0.3
D 1 ; 0.1
522 ' 38.0
TOTAL 1374 100.0
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
33*8 33.8
66.2 100,0
MISSING 100.0
100.0


ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
97.9 97.9
1.5 99.4
0.5 99.9
0.1 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
 VALID CASES
852
MISSING CASES   522
                                     372

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
TNKSIZE2  WATER USED TO CLEAN TANKS 251-500 GALS
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 60 GALS
61 TO 100 GALS
101 TO 200 GALS
OVER 200 GALS
.
VALID CASES 516
TNKSIZE3 WATtR USED
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 60 GALS
61 TC 100 GALS
101 TO 200 GALS
OVER 200 GALS

RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 470
B 33
C 9
D 4
858
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 858
TO CLEAN TANKS 501-1000
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 295
B 46
c 10
D 12
1011
TOTAL 1374
34.2
2,4
0.7
0.3
62.4
100.0

GALS
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
21.5
3.3
0.7
0.9
73,6
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
91.1
6.4
1.7
0.8
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
81.3
12.7
2.8
3.3
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
91.1
97.5
99.2
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
81.3
93.9
96.7
100.0
100.0
  VALID CASES
363
                           MISSING CASES  1011
                                     373

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT     -  CREATED  03/23/78
 FNKSIZE4  WATER USED  TO  CLEAN  TANKS  1001-1500  GALS
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 60 GALS
61 TC 100 GALS
101 TO 200 GALS
OVER 200 GALS

VALID CASES 210
TNKSIZES WATER USED
CATLGOKY LABEL
U TO 60 GALS
61 TC 100 GALS
101 TO 200 GALS
OVER 200 GALS

CODE
A
B
C
D
TOTAL
MISSING
. RE
ABSOLUTE^
FREQ ;
10 1 :
42 : 	
17
i ., . . ,
10 '_
1164 :
1374 ' 1
j . M . .
CASES 1164
TO CLEAN TANKS 1501-2500
CODE
A
B
C
D
TOTAL
:LATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
10.3
3.1
J»2
0.7
84.7
00.0

GALS
-RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE' '". FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
114 i
37 ; 	
18
20
1185 !
1374 1
8.3
2.7 	
1.3
1.5
86,2
00.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
67.1
20.0
8.1
4.8
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
60.3
19.6
9.5
10.6
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
67.1
87.1
	 95.2 	
100.0
100,0
	

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
60.3
79.9
89.4
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
189
MISSING CASES  1185
                                      374

-------
 03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
 TNKSIZE6   WATER  USED  TO  CLEAN  TANKS  2501  TO  6000  G

CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 60 GALS
61 TO 100 GALS
101 TO 200 -GALS
OVER 200 GALS


VALID CASES 127
TNKSI2E7 WATER USED

CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 60 GALS
61 TC 100 GALS
101 TO 200 GALS
OVER 200 GALS



CODE
A
B
C
0

TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
61
27
21
18
1247
1374
CASES 1247
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.4
2.0
1.5
1.3
90.8
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
48.0
21.3
16.5
14.2
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREU
(PCT)
48.0
69.3
85.8
100.0
100.0


TO CLEAN TANKS OVER 6000 GALS

CODE
A
B
C
D

TOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
33
5
4
4
1328
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.4
0.4~
0.3
0.3
96.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
71.7
10.9
8.7
8.7
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
71.7
82.6
91.3
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
46
MISSING CASES  1328
                                 375

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
REDISTIL  IS SPENT SOLVENT REDISTILLED


CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO



ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 492
B 712
170
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
35.8
51.8
; 12.4
• 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
40.9
59.1
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
40.9
100.0
100.0

VALID OASES 1204 MISSING CASES 170
CNSITE IS SPENT

CATEGORY LABEL

YES

NO


i
SOLVENT REDISTILLED ONSITE

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 69
M
B 1195

110
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
! 5.0

87.0

; 8»°
! 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
' ;:;: 5.5 	

94.5

MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
5.5

100.0

100.0

 VALID CASES
1264
                          MISSING CASES   110
                                          376

-------
03/23/78
 FILE  -  PAINT     - CREATED 03/23/78
STEAMINJ  STEAM INJECTION DISTILLATION IS USED
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO

VALID CASES
STMCCNDl STEAM
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES
STMCOND2 STEAM
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS

CODE
A
B
TOTAL
124 MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
25 1.8
99 7.2
1250 91.0
1374 100.0
CASES '1250
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
20.2
79.8
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
20.2
100.0
100.0

CONDENSATE IS DISCHARGED TO STORN
CODE
A
TOTAL
2 MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FftEQ (PCT)
2 0,1
1372 99.9
1374 100.0
CASES 1372
ADJUSTED
FftEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
1UO.O

CONDENSATE DISCHARGED TO SANITARY
CODE
B
TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
15 1.1
1359 98.9
1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
15      MISSING CASES  1359




                 377

-------
03/E3/78
FILE » PAINT
        - CREATED  03/23/78
STMCON03  STEAM CONDENSATE MIXED WITH COOLING WATE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES
STMCOND4 STEAM
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES

STMCCND5 STEAM
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCTJ
C 4 • 0,3
1370 ; 99.7
TOTAL 1374 100.0
4 MISSING CASES 1370
CONDENSATE MIXED WITH PROCESS WAST
: RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ ; ,,i

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID  CASES
18
MISSING CASES  1356
                                       378

-------
03/23/78
   FILE  - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
CSTCDSCH  SPENT CAUSTIC IS DISCHARGED TO SANITARY


CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO
. ..

VALID CASES 432
SOLVCSCH SPENT SOLVENT


CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO




CODE
A
B

TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
91
341
942
1374
CASES 942
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
6.6
24.8
68.6
100.0

ADJUSTED
.FREQ
(PCT)
21.1
78.9
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
21.1
100.0
100.0


IS DISCHARGED TO SANITARY


CODE
A
B

TOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREO
13
1171
190
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.9
85.2
13.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
1.1
98.9
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
1.1
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
1184
MISSING CASES   190
                                    379

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CHEATED 03/23/78
SPHY8THS  PLANT OPERATES SPRAY BOOTHS
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO

VALID CASES 1350
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 27
B 1323
24
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 24
: 2.0
96.3
1.7
100.0
i
' 	 '
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
2*0 2.0
98.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0

SCRBBERS PLANT OPERATES WET SCRUBBERS
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO

VALID CASES 1323
AFTR8RNR PLANT USES
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 52
B 1271
51
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 51
AFTERBURNERS
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 18
1356
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
| 3.8
• 	 92.5
3.7
• 100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.3
l
98.7
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(HCT) (PCT)
3.9 3.9
96.1 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0


ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
  VALID  CASES
 18
MISSING CASES  1356
                                                    380

-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
ELECPRCP  PLANT OPERATES ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATO
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES
8AGHCUSE PLANT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. Cf PLANTS

VALIC CASES
CYCLCNE PLANT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS

CODE
8
TOTAL
6 MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
6
1368
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100. U
CASES 1368
USES BAGhOUSE COLLECTORS
CODE
C
TOTAL
356 MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
3b6
1018
1374
CASES 1018
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25.9
74.1
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

OPERATES CYCLONES
CODE
D
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
61
1313
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.4
95.6
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
61
MISSING CASES  1313
                                 381

-------
03/23/78
                  FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
FILTERS   PLANT USES FILTERS FOR DUST CONTROll
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. CF PLANTS
                                             RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
                                   ABSOLUTE     FREQ       PREQ
                             CODE     FREQ       (PCT)      
-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/7*
SOURCE3   BOILER SLOWDOWN IS COMBINED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASES 75
SOURCES BOILER CLEANING-
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS



VALID CASES 34
SOURCES SANITARY WASTE
CATEGORY LABEL
NOo CF PLANTS


1
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
C 75
1299
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 1299
WASTE IS COMBINED
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
D 34
1340
TOTAL 1374

MISSING CASES 134C
WATER IS COMBINED
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
E 162
1212
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.5
94.5
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.5
97.5
100.0

1

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
11.8
88.2
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
03/33/78
  FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
SOURCE6   NON CONTACT COOLING WATER IS COMBINED
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. CF PLANTS
                            RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                  ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
            CODE    FREQ      (PCT)     (PCT)
                           TOTAL
                     100

                    1274
                   • •»•••••«

                    1374
                      7.3

                     92.7

                    100.0
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FREQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
VALID CASES
100
MISSING CASES  1274
SOURCE7   LABORATORY WASTEtaATER IS COMBINED
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. CF PLANTS
                            RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                  ABSOLUTE    iFREQ      FREQ
            CODE    FREQ      (PCT)     (PCT)
                            TOTAL
                     115


                    1259
                    •  •» w^*
                    1374
                     ! 8.4


                     91.6
                    «»«•«»« •«

                    100.0
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FREQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
VALID  CASES
115
                          MISSING  CASES  1259
 SOURCES   STEAM CONDENSATE WASTEWATEH IS COMBINED
 CATEGORY LABEL

 NO. CF PLANTS
                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                   ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ
             CODE     FREQ     ! (PCT)      (PCT)
                            TOTAL
                       38


                     1336
                    BM»^
-------
 03/23/78
                   FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
 wSWTRGEN  VOLUME OF RAW hASTEWATER GENERATED DAILY
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 100 GPO
101 TO 500 GPD
501 TO 1000 GPD
1000 TO 6000 GPO
6K TC 12000 GPO
OVER 12000 GPD

VALID CASES 1254
PEAKGEN PEAK VOLUME
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 100 GPD
101 TO 500 GPD
501 TO 1000 GPD
1000 TO 6000 GPD
6K TC 12000 GPD
OVER 12000 GPO

CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
339
536
156
56
81
23
63
120
1374
CASES 120
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
24.7
39.0
11.4
4.1
5.9
1.7
4,6
8.7
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
27.0
42.7
12.4
4.5
6.5
1.8
•5.0
MISSING
1 00 . 0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
27.0
69.8
82.2
86.7
93.1
95.0
100.0
100.0

OF WASTEtaATER GENERATED DAIL
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
235
418
184
76
81
29
61
290
«» «>«•»<»•
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
17.1
30.4
13.4
5.5
5.9
2.1
4.4
21.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
21.7
38.6
17.0
7,0
7.5
2.7
5.6
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
21,7
60.2
77.2
84.2
91.7
94.4
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
1084
MISSING CASES   290
                                  385

-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT
                                  - CHEATED 03/23/78
COMREUSE  WASTEtaATER DISPOSAL BY COMPLETE REUSE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 88
tVAPCRTN EVAPORATION OF
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 125
PRTREUSE PARTIAL REUSE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


! 1
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 88 :
1286
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 1286
WASTEWATER
' 1
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
B 125
1249
•TOTAL 1374 ,
MISSING CASES 1249
! 	
OF WASTEWATEK
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
C 262
1112
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
6.4
.93.6
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
9.1
90.9
100.0

: ' : . , " : .
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCTJ
19.1
80,9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
	


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
160.0
100.0


. :','.:
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID  CASES
262
MISSING CASES  1112
                                     386

-------
03/23/78
  FILE  -  PAINT     - CREATED 03/23/78
CITYSEWR  DISCHARGE OF WASTEWATER TO CITY SEWER
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. OF PLANTS
                            RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                  ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
            CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)
                           TOTAL
                     475

                     899

                    1374
                     34.6

                     65.4
                    • «• «t v •• •
                    100.0
 100.0

MISSING

 100*0
  CUM
 FREQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
VALID CASES
475
MISSING CASES   899
STRMSEWR  DISCHARGE OF WASTEWATER  TO  STORM  SEWER
 CATEGORY  LABEL

 NO.  OF  PLANTS
                                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE     FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)
                            TOTAL
                      68

                     1306
                    • wiwwa
                     1374
                      4.9


                     95.1
                     ww^ •• «•

                     100.0
  100.0

MISSING

  100.0
  CUM
 FREQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
 VALID CASES
  68
                          MISSING CASES  1306
 RECVWATR  DISCHARGE OF WASTEWATER TO RECEIVING STR
 CATEGORY LABEL

 NO. OF PLANTS
                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
             CODE    FREQ            (PCT)
                             TOTAL
                                                                   CUM
13
1361
1374
0.9
99.1
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0

  VALID  CASES
  13
                           MISSING  CASES   1361
                                  387

-------
  03/23/78           FILE  - PAINT    -  CREATED: .03/23/78


  STORAGE    IMPOUNDMENT OF WASTEWATER  ON  PLANT  PROPE
 CATEGORY LABEL

 NO. OF PLANTS
                             RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
             CODE    FREQ      (PcT)      (PCT)
                            TOTAL
                       87

                     1287

                     1374
                       6.3

                      93,7

                     100.0
 VALID CASES
  87
 MISSING CASES  1287
  100.0

 MISSING

  100.0
   CUM
  FREO
  (PCT)

 100.0

 100.0
 INCINERT  INCINERATION OF bASTEWATER
CATEGORY  LABEL
NO. CF  PLANTS
                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                   ABSOLUTE   :  FR£Q       FREQ
             CODE     FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT5
                             H
                            TOTAL
                        5

                     1369
                    » w w«
                     1374
                       0.4


                      99.6
                     *** ^ «»*»^ •

                     100.0
VALID CASES
         MISSING CASES   1369
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FREQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
HAULER    WASTEWATER  IS REMOVED  BY  A  CONTRACT  HALL
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS
VALID CASES
271
                            RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                  ABSOLUTE   i FREQ      FREQ
            CODE    FREQ      (PCT)     (PCT)
                           TOTAL
                     271

                    1103
                    »••»•»«
                    1374
                     19.7

                    ! 80.3

                    100.0
MISSING CASES  1103
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FREQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
                                    388

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
LANDFILL  WASTEteATER IS LANOFILLED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 107
OEEPfcELL taASTEWATER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 13
SPRAYIRR WASTEWATER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
K 107 7.8
1267 92.2
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1267
IS DISPOSED OF BY A WELL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
L 13 0.9
1361 99.1
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1361
IS USED FOR SPRAY IRRIGATION
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
M 8 0.6
1366 99.4
TOTAL 1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
        MISSING CASES  1366
                                  389

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
VLMDSCHG  VOLUME CF PROCESS WASTE DISCHARGE GPD
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 100 GPD
101 TO 500 GPD
501 TO 1000 GPD
1000 TO 6000 GPD
6K TC 12000 GPD
OVER 12000 GPD

VALID CASES 1252
MAXDISCH MAXIMUM VOLUME
CATEGOKY LABEL
0
1 TO 100 GPD
101 TO 500 GPD
501 TO 1000 GPD
1000 TO 6000 GPD
feK TC 12000 GPD
OVER 12000 GPD

VALID CASES 1098

CODE
A
8
C
D
E
F
G
TOTAL
MISSING
OF PAINT
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
608
412
111
26
50
16
29
122
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
44.3
30.0
8.1
	 1.9.
	 3.6 	
1.2
2.1
8.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
48.6
32.9
8.9
2.1
4.0
1.3
2.3
MISSING
100.0
CASES 122
WASTEWATER GPD
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
471
343
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
34.3
25.0
142 ' 10.3
42
47
23
30
276
1374
3.1
3.4
1.7
2.2
20.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
42.9
31.2
12.9
3.8
4.3
2.1
2.7
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
48.6
,81 	 .5 	
90.3
.92._4 	
96.4
97.7
100.0
100.0

	
CUM
FRLQ
(PCT)
42.9
	 74"."i 	
87.1 	
90.9
95.2
97.3
100.0
100.0
CASES 2|76

;„;<' 	 •';•: t.? . "
.VI " •
"" •• ' , lily.. ?'•
                                     390

-------
 03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
          - CREATED 03/23/78
NPDES
PLANT HAS AN NPDES PERMIT

CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO

-
VALID CASES 318
APPNPOES HAS PLANT
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO



CODE
A
B

TOTAL
MISSING
APPLIED FOR
CODE
A
B

TOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
30
288
1056
1374
CASES .1056
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.2
21.0
76.9
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
9.4
90.6
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
9.4
100.0
100.0


AN NPOES PERMIT
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
20
579
775
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.5
42,1
56.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
3.3
96.7
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
" (PCT)
3.3
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
     599
MISSING CASES   775
                                      391

-------
03/23/78
 FILE  -  PAINT
                                  - CHEATED 03/23/78
HNFPERM   PLANT HAS AN NPOES FOR COOLING WATER
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO


VALID CASES 694
ORDINANC MUNICIPALITY
CATEGORY LABEL
YES


VALID CASES 208
SURCHRG MUNICIPALITY
CATEGORY LABEL
YES


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE i FREQ
CODE FREQ | (PCT)
A 75 ; 5.5
B 619 \ 45.1
680 49.5
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 68Q,
USES INDUSTRIAL ORDINANCE
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREO
CODE FREQ : (PCT)
A 208 ', 15,1
1166 84.9
TOTAL 1374 > 100.0
MISSING CASES 1166
USES SEWER SURCHARGES
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE : FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
B 413 30.1
961 ; 69.9
TOTAL 1374 ; 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
10.8
89.2
MISSING
100.0
'. ' ", '•• •.':•'•

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
10.8
100.0
100. 0

	

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
	


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
413      MISSING CASES   961




                       392

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
SAMPLING  MUNICIPALITY PERFORMS WASTEWATER SAMPLIN
CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES 206
PERMIT MUNICIPALITY
CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES 137
OWNSAMPL MUNICIPALITY
CATEGORY LABEL
YES

CODE
C
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
206
1168
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
15.0
85.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CASES 1168
UTILIZES PERMIT SYSTEM
CODE
D
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
137
1237
1374
CASES 1237
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
10.0
90.0
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSINC-
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

REQUIRES PLANT TO ANALYZE W
CODE
E
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
105
1269
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
7.6
92.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
105
MISSING CASES  1269
                                     393

-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT
        - CREATED 03/23/78
FREATMNT  PLANT WASTEWATER TREATED BEFORE DISCHARG
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO


VALID CASES as

PROCESSW PROCESS
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 20 %
21 TC 4tt<*
41 TC 60 %
61 TC 80*
81 TC 99*
100*


CODE
A
B

TOTAL
>5 MISSING

WASTEWATER AS F
CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
216
609
549
1374
CASES 5^

'ERCENT OF
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
116
46
8
9
11
20
83
1081
1374
RELATIVE
• FREQ
| (PCT)
!
15.7
; 44.3
I 40.0
; 100.0
••9
1 	 i," If ! , 	 Ill 1 , 	 L I, II 	 ,
TOTAL
RELATIVE
! FREQ
(PCT)
i 8.4
; 	 3.3
" 	 '" '" '0.6" '''"'
' 0.7
0.8
1.5
| 	 ""6.0
i 78.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
26.2
73.8
MISSING
100.0

, i;;1,,,,™ " 	 , " | ,!'
	
ADJUSTED
FHEQ
(PCT)
39.6
	 15.7'
....... 2>? .. •
3.1
3.8
6.8
""28.3"
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
26.2
100.0
100.0
	

	 , "• 	 ;;,; , '„ ;;„!;; '

CUM
FRtQ
(PCT)
39.6
	 s'5.3
58.0
61.1
64.8
71.7
10070
100.0

 VALID  CASES
293
MISSING CASES  1081
                                        394

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
RESINWST  RESIN toASTEWATER AS PERCENT OF TOTAL
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 20 *
21 TO 40*
41 TC 60 %
61 TO 80*
81 TO 99*
100%

VALID CASES
BOILERWW BOILER
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 20 *
21 TC 40*
61 TC 80*
81 TO 99*
100%

CODE
A
B
C
0
E
F
G
TOTAL
194 MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
169
a
8
1
1
2
5
1180
««•«»•»•»•
1374
CASES 1180
12.3
0.6
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
85.9
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
87.1
4.1
<».!
0.5
0.5
1.0
2.6
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREU
(PCT)
87.1
91.2
95.4
95.9
96.4
97.4
100.0
100.0

SLOWDOWN AS PERCENT OF TOTAL
CODE
A
B
C
E
F
G
TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ 
-------
03/23/78
FILE •  HA INT    - CREATED 03/23/78
AIRPCLLW  AIR POLLUTION hASTEWATEK PERCENT OF TOTA
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 20 %
21 TC 40*
41 TC 60 %
61 TC 80S
81 TC 99*
100%

VALID CASES 190
CODE
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
TOTAL
MISSING
SANITtoAS SANITARY WASTEtoATER AS
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 20 *
21 TC 40*
41 TC 60 %
61 TO 80*
81 TO 99*
100%

VALID CASES 252

CODE
A
8
C
D
E
F
G
TOTAL
MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
172
7
1
3
1
1
5
1184
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1 12»5
0.5
; o.i
0.2
i 0.1
: P...1
0.4
; _ 	 86 .2 	
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
90.5
3.7
0.5
1.6
0.5
P»5
2.6
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCD
.90.5
94.2
94.7
S6.3
96.8
97.4
100.0
100. 0
CASES 1184
PERCENT OF
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
192
26
6
4
6
6
12
1122
1374
i TOTAL
i RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
14.0
|
: 1.9
. o^
i 	
: 0.3
0.4
| 	 0,4
0.9
i 81.7
100,0
	
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
76.2
10.3
2.4
1.6
2.4
2.4
4.8
MISSING
100.0
	
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
76.2
86.5
" 88.9 	
90. S
92.9
95.2
100.0
100.0
CASES 1122
396
; 	



-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
COOLNGtoW  COOLING WASTEWATER AS PERCENT OF TOTAL
RELATIVE

CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 20 *
21 TO 40*
41 TO 60 %
61 TO 80.*
81 TO 99*
100%


VALID CASES
OTHERWAS OTHER

CATEGORY LABEL
0

1 TO 20 *

21 TO 40*

81 TC 99*

1009,


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 177
B 19
C 9
D 8
E 5
F 7
G 7
1142
TOTAL 1374
232 MISSING CASES 1142
HASTEWATER SOURCE PERCENT OF

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 88
a 5
D -'
f 1
C A
c 1
r A
6 3
o w
1276
TOTAL 1374
FREQ
(PCT)
12.9
1.4
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.5
83.1
100.0

TOTAL
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
6.4
0.4

o.i

0.1

0,2

92.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
76.3
8.2
3.9
3.4
2.2
3.0
3.0
M-ISSING
100,0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
89.8
5.1

1.0

1.6

3.1

MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
76.3
84.5
88.4
91.8
94.0
97.0
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
89.8
94.9

95.9

96.9

100.0

100.0

  VALID CASES
                           MISSING CASES   1276
                                    397

-------
 03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
          - CREATED 03/23/78
 TRTMNT1   WASTEWATER IS NEUTRALIZED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 53
TRTMNT2 WASTEtaATER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 28

TRTMNT3 WASTEWATER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 53
1321
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 132;
IS FILTERED
ABSOLUTE !
CODE FREQ
8 28 l
1346
TOTAL 1374 •
MISSING CASES 1346
t
IS EVAPORATED ;
ABSOLUTE :
CODE FREQ
C 87
1287
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
3»9
96.1
100.0
1

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.0
98.0
100.0

	 , , . :| ,

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
,'.^,6. ,3 	 ',
93.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100 '9


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

	 	 ,, „ |

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FHEU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
	 : 	 :,, ":::,::; -,; ,, ;;,:


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

	
. , 	 	 ,

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
87
MISSING CASES  1287;
                                     398

-------
 03/23/78
FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
 TRTMNT4   KASTEWATER
       IS TREATED BY FLOTATION

CATEGORY LABEL

NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 23
TRTMNT5 WASTEkATER

CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASES s
TRTMNT6 VfASTEWATF.R
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
G 1 0.1
0 22 1.6
1351 98.3
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES .1351
IS TREATED BY ACTIVATED SLUDG
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
E 5 0,4
1369 99.6.
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1369
IS TREATED BY A TRICKLING FIL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ 
-------
03/23/78
                  FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
TRTMNT7   WASTEWATER IS TREATED BY A LAGOON
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. GF PLANTS
 VALID  CASES       24


 TRTMNT8    WASTEWATER




 CATEGORY  LABEL

 NO.  CF PLANTS
 VALID CASES
132

CODE
G

TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ 
9.6
90.4
1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FHEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

                          MISSING CASES  1242
  TRTMNT9    WASTEV.ATER IS TREATED BY CARBON ADSORPTI
  CATEGORY LABEL
                                           I   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                                    ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
                              CODE    FREQ      
-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CHEATED 03/23/78
TRTMNT10  WASTEfcATER IS EQUALIZED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASES 10
TRTMNT11 toASTEWAYER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALIC CASES 158
TRTMNT12 WASTEtoAfER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


CODE
J

TOTAL
MISSING
IS SETTLED
CODE
K

TOTAL
MISSING
IS TREATED \
CODE
L

TOTAL
f
ABSOLUTE
FHEQ
10
1364
1374
CASES 1364

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
158
1216
1374
CASES 12K
nlITH ALU>«
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
28
1346
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.7
99.3
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
11.5
88.5
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.0
98.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FHEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
io o.o
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FHEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
1UO.O
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
        MISSING CASES  1346
                                 401

-------
03/33/78
FILE  - PAINT     - CREATED  03/23/79
TRTMKT13  fcASTEWATER IS  TREATED WITH LIME
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. CF PLANTS

VALID CASES 19
TRTMNT14 MASTEMATER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 42
TRTMNT15 WASTEWATER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS

CODE
G
M
TOTAL
MISSING-
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1
I*
1355 :
1374
CASES 1355
i ,
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT1!
0.1
1.3
98.6
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
5.3
94.7
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
5.3
100.0
100.0

IS TRATED V.ITH POLYMER
CODE
N
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREO
42
1332
1374
CASES 1332
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCTJ
3.1
96.9
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

i
UNDERGOES OTHER CHEM TREATMEN
CODE
0
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ ;
24
1350
j • -
1374 ;
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.7
98.3"" '
100.0
ADJUSTED
FHEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
24
MISSING CASES  1350
                                       402

-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
BATOTRT  HASTEWATER TREATMENT BATCH OR CONTINUOUS
CATEGORY LABEL
BATCH
CONTINUOUS

VALID CASES 334
BATCHOIS WASTEWATER
CATEGORY LABEL
bATCh
CONTINUOUS

CODE
A
B
TOTAL
HISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
199
135
1040
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
14.5
9.8
75.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
59.6
40.4
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
SLDGTRT1  SLUDGE STORED ON
               PLANT PROPERTY
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES
SLDGTRT2 SLUDGE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES
SLDGTRT3 SLUDGE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 40
1334
TOTAL 1374
40 MISSING CASES 133
IS INCINERATED
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
B 1
1373
TOTAL 1374
1 MISSING CASES 13'
IS SOLD
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
C 2
1372
TOTAL 1374
2 MISSING CASES 13
404
RELATIVE
FREQ
, !(PCT)
! 	 2.9 	
97.1
100.0
4 ;
i 	
;::"",,„' /: „
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.1
99.9
100.0
rs ;
; : .' .. - .
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0,1
99,9
100,0
72;
;•.:•./ .-. •. •.
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100,0
MISSING
100.0

	 ! -
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

, .- , : :
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
- FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100. 0


••^M

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
5LDGTRT4  SLUDGE IS CONTRACT HAULED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 248
SLUGTRT5 SLUDGE IS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES 13
SLOGTRT6 SLUDGE IS
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. OF PLANTS


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
D 248 18.0
1126 82.0
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1126
RECLAIMED
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FRfcQ (PCT)
E 13 0,9
1361 99.1
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1361
TAKEN TO LANDFILL BY PLANT
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
G 1 0.1
F 90 6.6
1283 93.4
TOTAL 1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
1.1
98.9
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FRE.Q
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREd
(PCT)
1.1
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
91
MISSING CASES- 1283
                                    405

-------
03/23/78
  FILE -  PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
SLDGCNDT  IS SLUDGE CONDITIONED BEFORE DISPOSAL
CATEGORY LABEL



YES



NO
VALID 'CASES
476


CODE
A
B

•OTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREG
33
443
898
1374
j RELATIVE
. FREQ
(PCT)
i 	 "."'2.4 '
32.2
; 65,4
100. 0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
6.9
93.1
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
6.9
100.0
100.0

MISSING CASES   89B
SLDGDSP1   HAULER  TAKES  SLUDGE  TO  PUBLIC LANDFILL
 CATEGORY  LABEL



 YES


CODE
A

OTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
135
1239
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
9.8
90.2
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
io o.o
CUM
FREO
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
	
 VALID CASES
 135
MISSING CASES   1239
 SLDGOSP2   HAULER  TAKES  SLUDGE  TO PRIVATE LANDFILL
  CATEGORY  LABEL



  YES '


CODE
B

rOTAL
!„; :
ABSOLUTE
FREQ !
212 \
1162
1374 i
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCt)
15.4
84.6
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100. 0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
10 (Co
100.0

  VALID  CASES
  212
 MISSING CASES   1162
                                          406

-------
 03/23/78
   FILE - PAINT
          - CREATED 03/23/78
 SLOGDSP3.  CONTRACTOR INCINERATES SLUDGE
CATEGORY LABEL
YES


VALIC CASES 73
SLOGDSP4 CONTRACTOR
CATEGORY LABEL
YES


VALID CASES 108
SLDGDSP5 UNKNOWN HO*
CATEGORY LABEL
YES


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
C 73 5.3
1301 94,7
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1301
RECLAIMS SLUDGE
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
D 108 7.9
1266 92.1
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1266
CONTRACTER DISPOSES OF SLUCG
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
E 267 19.4
1107 80.6
TOTAL 1374 100. 0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
267
MISSING CASES  1107
                                     407

-------
03/33/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23/78
PCNTSLDG  PERCENT OF WASTEKATER ENDING AS SLUDGE


CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5%
6 TO
11 TO
16
21 TC
OVER



10%
15*
TO 20%
25*
25*



VALID CASES

CODE
A
B
C
D
E
F


TOTAL
293 MISSING

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
208
40
9
19
10
7

1081
1374
RELATIVE
. FREQ
(PCT)
15.1 	 : 	
|2.9
0,7
1.4
;0.7
0.5

78*7
jr
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
71.0
13.7
3.1
6o5
3.4
2.4

MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
71.0
84.6
87.7
94.2
97.6
100.0

100.0

CASES 1081
OFFSPEC1 OFFSPEC BATCHES DISCHARGED WITH




CATEGORY LABEL
NO.


CF PLANTS




CODE
A

TOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
17
1357
1374
WASTEWAT
i
RELATIVE
;FREQ
; (PCT)
1.2
98.8
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.6

  VALID CASES
 17
MISSING CASES  1357
                                         408

-------
03/23/78
   FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
OFFSPEC2  OFFSPEC BATCHES SOLD TO SCAVENGER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO, OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 192
GFFSPEC3 OFFSPEC
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALIC CASES 162
CODE
8
TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ 
-------
03/23/7d
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED: 03/23/78
OFFSPEC5  OFFSPEC BATCHES SOLD AT REDUCED PRICES
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASES
OFFSPEC6 OFFSPEC
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES i

CFFSPEC7 OFFSPEC
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS


VALID CASES
ABSOLUTE !
CODE FREQ •
E 29 ;
f
1345
TOTAL 1374
29 MISSING CASES 134;S
)
BATCHES LANDFKLLED !
ABSOLUTE \
CODE FREQ ;
F 26
1348 ;
TOTAL 1374 i
26 MISSING CASES 1348
I
BATCHES INCINERATED '
ABSOLUTE ;
CODE FREQ
G 5
1369
TOTAL 1374
5 MISSING CASES 1369
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.1
97.9
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.9
98.1
100.0

•= 	 .• •> '•• • 	 	 • <

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MlSS ING
100.0

'•• •' -'I1' 	 • • " -

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ

100.0
100.6

	 - 	
1 , 1 * Hi ii H, ,, C
J ii, ,; liji.iij1' 1: , '« 'fie1
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



-------
03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
OFFSPEC8  OFFSPEC BATCHES RECLAIMED FOR SOLVENTS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS

VALID CASES
CODE
H
TOTAL
8 MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
8
1366
1374
CASES 1366
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.6
99,4
100,0

ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE" - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
ANALYZE2  PLANT HAS SUSP SOLIDS DATA OF VsASTEWATER
CATEGORY. LABEL
                          RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM
                ABSOLUTE  i  FREO       FREQ      FREQ
          CODE    FREQ    ,   (PCT)      (PCT)     
-------
03/23/78
 FILE - PAINT
           CREATED 03/23/78
ANALYZES  PLANT HAS TOTAL SOLIDS DATA OF mASTEWATE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO, OF PLANTS


VALID CASES
ANALYZE.6 PLANT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


VALID CASES
ANALYZE? PLANT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
E 122 889
1252 91.1
TOTAL 1374 100,0
'122 MISSING CASES 1252
HAS TURBIDITY DATA OF fcASTE&ATER
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ .
CODE FREQ «P,CT)
F 45 3*3
1329 9,6,7
TOTAL 1374 100,0
45 " MISSING CASES 1329
HAS COD DATA OF WASTEtfATER
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
G 96 7eO
1278 9300
TOTAL 1374 100,0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100*0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
lOO.'O


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100,0
100,0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100,0
cs,


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
96
MISSING CASES  1278
                                  413

-------
 03/23/78
  FILE  -  PAtNT     -  CREATED  03/23/78
 ANALYZES   PLANT  HAS  METALS  DATA   OF  WASTEWATER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES
ANALYZE9 PLANT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

CODE
H
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
119
1255
1374
119 MISSING CASES 125
HAS TRACE CRGANICS
CODE
I
TOTAL
DATA
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
RELATIVE
FREQ
, (PCT)
,:,,,,,8-7 ..
91.3
100.0
5
	
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
41 3.0
1333 *: 97.0
1374 : 1QO.O
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
loo.p
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
41
MISSING CASES  1333
                                        414

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
NEWINVES  NEW CAPITAL COSTS TO *EET BASELINE REGS
CATEGORY LABEL

CODE
100.
200.
500.
1000.
1500.
2000.
2500.
3000.
3500.
4000,
4500.
5000.
6000.
7000.
7500.
8000.
8400.
10000.
12000.
15000.
17000.
20000.
21000.
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
3
:i
4
1
14
1
3
3
1
1
17
2
4
1
7
1
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
1.0
0.1
0,2
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.1
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
0.7
0.7
0-.7
2.6
0.7
0.7
1.3
2*0
0.7
2.6
0.7
9.2
0.7
2.0
2.0
0.7
0.7
11.2
1.3
2.6
0.7
4.6
0.7
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
0.7
1.3
2.0
4.6
5.3
5.9
7.2
9.2
9.9
12.5
13.2
22.4
23.0
25.0
27.0
27.6
28.3
39.5
4Q.8
43.4
44.1
<+8.7
49.3

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CHEATED,03/23/78
22000 „
25000.
30000.
35000,
37000,
40000.
45000.
50000.
55000.
60000.
70000.
75000.
80000.
100000.
125000.
130000.
140000.
150000.
155000.
200000.
250000.
300000.
900000.
1000000.
0.
TOTAL

1
10
6
3
1
1
1
18
1
1
1
5
1
9
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
1
1
3
1222
1374
416
0 . 1 ' 	
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.1
,:, 	 ;OA.S 	
	 \ 	 " 0.1 "'
1.3
0,1
:"o",'i"
0.1
0.4
0.1
0,7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
O.l' '
0,2
88"i9 	
100.0

0.7
6.6
3.9
2.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
11.8
0.7
':i;1";'d.7
0.7
3.3
0.7
5.9
0.7
0.7
0.7
	 1.3
0.7
3.3
1.3
0.7
0.7
2.0
MISSING
100.0
".'. .'.,'
50.0
56.6
60.5
62.5
63.2
63 . B 	
'" 64.5 	 '
76.3
77.0
77.6
78.3
81.6
82.2
88.2
88.8
89,5
90.1
'"91". 4 	
92.1
95.4
96.7
97.4
98.0
100.0
100,0

w^mmm

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT    - CHEATED 03/23/78
NEWOPCST  OPERATING COSTS TO MEET BASELINE REGS
CATEGORY LABEL
ABSOLUTE
CODE FHEQ
75.
100.
105.
150.
200.
250.
270.
300.
400.
500.
800.
850.
1000.
1.200,
1500.
1600.
2000.
2500.
3000.
3500.
3600.
4000.
5000.
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
9
1
2
13
7
?
1
5
5
8
1
1
2
23
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
,0.1
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.6
0,1
0.1
0.1
1.7
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
0.6
1.2
0.6
0.6
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.6
1.2
5.4
0.6
1.2
7.7
4,2
1.2
0.6
3.0
3.0
4.8
0.6
0.6
1.2
13.7
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
0.6
1.8
2.4
3.0
4.2
5.4
6.0
6.5
7.7
13.1
13.7
14.9
22.6
26.8
28.0
28.6
31.5
34. S
39.3
39.9
40.5
41.7
55.4
                                  417

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
5500.
6000.
7500.
8000.
8750.
9000.
10000.
10800.
11000.
12000.
15000.
16000.
17000.
18000.
20000.
23000.
25000.
26000.
30000.
35000.
40000.
45000.
50000.
60000.
75000.
aoooo.
100000.

1 i
5
2
4 ' ,
I
2 •
15 !
1 i
\
i ;
1 : 	
6 : •
2 :
2 ;
1 1
2 1
i !'
6 !-^
i \
3
1
2 : 	
2
6
1 • _
t
1 ! 	
1
2
i ,i ' -I 	
!
418 ;
0,1
0.4
0.1
°.«3
0.1
0.1
V«.l
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0,1
0.1
0.1
°«v
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
b.i
0.1
0.1
	 	
0.6
3.0
1.2
2.4
0.6
1.2
8.9
0.6
0.6
0.6
3.6
1.2
L.2
0.6
1.2
0.6
" 3.6
0.6
1.8
0.6
1.2
1.2
3.6
0.6
0,6
0.6
1.2

56.0
58.9
60.1
62.5
63.1
64.3
73.2
73.8
74.4
75.0
78.6
79.8
81.0
81. S
82.7
83.3
86.9 	
87.5
89.3
89,9
91.1 	
92.3
95.8
96.4
97.0
97.6
98.8


-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
         -  CREATED  03/23/78



REGAREA1 NEW INVESTMENT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 43
RE6AREA2 NEw INVESTMENT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. CF PLANTS

175000.
200000.
0.
TOTAL
REQUIRED
CODE
A
TOTAL
MISSING
1
1
1206
1374
FOR ODOR
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
48
1326
1374
0.1
0.1
87.8
100.0
CONTROL
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
3»5
96-95
100,0
0.6 '
0.6
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100,0
MISSING
100.0
99.4
100.0
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100*0
CASES 1326
REQUIRED FOR THERMAL POLL
CODE
B
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREO
13
1361
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.9
99,1
100,0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
13
MISSING CASES  1361
                                   419

-------
03/23/78 FILE -
HEGAREA3 NEW INVESTMENT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 274
REGAREA4 NEW INVESTMENT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

VALID CASES 351
HEGAREA5 NEW INVESTMENT
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS

PAINT
REQUIRED
CODE
C
TOTAL
- CREATED
FOR SOLID
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
274
1100
1374
.03/23/78
WASTE
RELATIVE
; FREQ
i (PCT)
19.9
80.1
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
MISSING CASES 1100
REXJUISED
CODE
0
TOTAL
MISSING
REQUIRED
CODE
E
TOTAL
FOR OShA
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
351
1023
1374
REGULA-T
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
: 	 25,5 	
I 74.5
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100*0
CASES 1023
FOR AIR POLLUTIO
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
353
1021
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25.7
74.3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
353
MISSING CASES  1021
                                      420

-------
 03/23/78
  FILE - PAINT    - CHEATED 03/23/78
 HEGAREA6  NEW INVESTMENT REQUIRED  FOR  TSCA  CONTROL
 CATEGORY  LABEL
 NO.  OF  PLANTS


CODE
F

OTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
221
1153
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
16.1
83.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE -
- CREATED 03/23/78
QTHRCAP   NEW INVESTMENT REQUIRED FOR ALL GOVT REG
CATEGORY LABEL
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
5.
100.
200.
500.
1000.
2000.
2500.
3000.
3500.
4000.
4500.
5000.
6000.
7000.
7500.
8000.
10000,
11000.
12000.
12500.
15000.
16000.
17500.
1
2
1
3
3
1
1
5
1
5
1
17
5
2
4
3
33
1
1
1
11
1
1
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREQ FREQ

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
18000.
20000.
21000.
24000.
25000.
30000.
31000.
32000.
33000.
35000.
39000.
40000*
50000.
60000.
61000.
65000.
70000.
72000.
75000.
80000.
100000.
120000.
125000.
136000.
140000.
150000.
178000.
2
21
1
2
17
15
1
1
1
5
1
7
24
2
1
2
2
1
4
3
22
1
1
1
1
10
1
0.1
1.5
0,1
0.1
1.2
1.1
0.1
0,1
oa
0,4
0.1
0.5
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0,2
1.6
0,1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.7
7.2
0.3
0.7
5.8
5.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.7
0.3
2.4
8.2
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.7
0.3
1.4
1.0
7.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
3.4
0.3
36. <»
43.6
44.0
44.7
50.5
55.7
56.0
56.4
56.7
58.4
58.8
61.2
69.4
70.1
70.4
71.1
71.8
72.2
73.5
74.6
82.1
82.5
82.8
83.2
83.5
86.9
87.3
                                       423

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
200000.
225000,,
250000o
300000*
350000.
400000.
500000.
600000.
750000.
1500000.
2000000.
0.
TOTAL
7
1
5
4
3
3
8
2
1
1
2
1083
1374
| ..9-5
; o.i
0.4
'!.... .0.3 	
0.2
! 0.2
; 0.6
0.1
; o.i
: 0.1
: o.i
78.8
100.0
2.4
0.3
1.7
I.-.!*
1.0
1.0
2.7
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.7
MISSING
100.0
89.7
90.0
91.8
93.1
94.2
95.2
97.9
98.6
99.0
99.3
100.0
100.0

                                       424

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
                                  - CREATED 03/23,'/8
OTHRCPRG  ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS FOR ALL GOVT  REGS
CATEGORY LABEL
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
2.
50.
75.
100.
200.
250.
300.
350.
400.
500.
600.
750.
1000.
1200.
1500.
1750.
1800.
1900.
2000.
2300.
2400.
2500.
3000.
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
2
12
3
2
17
3
6
1
1
1
22
1
1
8
13
RELATIVE
FREQ

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.2
0.1
1.2
0,2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.6
0,9
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
0.4
0.4
1.5
0.4
0.4
1.1
0.4
0.7
4.4
1.1
0.7
6*3
1.1
2.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
8.1
0.4
0.4
3.0
4.8
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
0.7
1.1
2.6
3.0
3.3
4.4
4.8
5.5
10.0
11.1
11.8
18.1
19.2
21.4
21.8
22.1
22. b
30.6
31.0
31.4
34.3
39.1
                                          425

-------
03/23/78
CREATED 03/23/78
If- 00.
4000.
4500.
5000.
5400.
5500.
6000.
6500.
7000.
8000.
9000.
10000.
10400.
12000.
12500.
14000.
15000.
15250.
17500.
18000.
20000.
23000.
25000.
30000.
31000.
35000.
36700.


1
10
2
31
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
24
1
3
2
1
8
1
1
1
13
1
10
6
1
2
1


0.1
0.7
: 0.1
i
' 2.3 	
0.1
; o.i
i
0.1
L.O.I 	
0 . 1
; 0,2
. 0.1
1 «7.
0.1
0.2
,0.1
0.1
: 0.6
0.1
i °«1
• 0.1
| 0.9
; °»i
1 0.7
| 0.4
_0.1 ^
i •.. 	
0.1
0.1
1
1
i 	
1 	
426
i 	
0.4
3.7
0.7
11.4
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.1
0.4
8.9
0.4
' 1.1 	
0.7
0.4
3.0
0.4
	 0.4 	
0.4
4.8
0.4
3.7
2.2
0.4
0.7
0.4


39.5
43.2
43.9
55.4
55.7
56.1
56.8
57.6
58.3
59.4
59.8
68.6
69.0
70.1
70.8
71.2
74.2
74.5
74.9
75.3
80.1
80.4
84.1
86.3
86.7
87.5
87.8



-------
03/23/78
  FILE = PAINT
          -  CREATED  03/23/78
RM1
37500.
40000.
44000.
45000.
50000.
52000.
70000.
75000.
80000.
90000*
100000.
120000.
130000.
200000.
250000.
0.
TOTAL
WHITE LEAD PIGMENT
ABEL CODE
USING A

TOTAL
1
4
1
1
11
I
1
1
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
1103
1374

ABSOLUTE
FREO
160
1214
1374
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
80.3
100.0

RELATIVE
fREQ

11,6
88.4
100.0
0.4
1.5
0.4
0.4
4.1
0.4
0,4
0.4
1.1
0*4
1.1
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.4
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
. 88.2
89. r
90.0
90.4
94. 5
94.8
95.2
95.6
96.7
97.0
98.2
98.9
99.3
99.6
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
160
MISSING CASES  1214
                               427

-------
03/23/78 FILE -
KM2 ANTIMONY OXIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 166

RM3 ZINC SULFIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

.
PAINT - CREATEb
;
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ '• .
B 166 .
1208
TOTAL 1374 !
MISSING CASES 1208
I
!
L
!
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ ;
C 77
1297
TOTAL 1374
03/23/78

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
12»1
^ 87.9 	
100.0



RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.6
94,4
100.0
'i •• -' - I;; •• - 	

ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100. 0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
. . . 	

	 -Mi, .'
ADJUSTED CUM "
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
       77
MISSING CASES  1297
RM4
ZINC OXIDE
CATEGORY  LABEL

NO. PLANTS  USING
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                        ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ
                  CODE     FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)
                  D
                            TOTAL
             721

             653
           »«§•»<••»«
            1374
 52.5

 47.5
•• «•» M ^ ttm «
100.0
 100.0

MISSING

 100*0
  CUM
 FREQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
VALID  CASES
      721
MISSING  CASES    653
                                    428

-------
 03/23/78
         FILE  - PAINT    - CHEATED  03/33/78
 RMS
 ZINC  OXIDE
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO.  PLANTS USING
 VALID  CASES
      345
RM6
ZINC YELLOW
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALIC CASES     633
RM7
ZINC OUST
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES     318
CODE
E

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
F

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
G

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREO
345
1029
1374
CASES 102<
ABSOLUTE
FHEQ
633
741
1374
CASES 741
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
318
1056
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25.1
74.9
100.0
3
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
46.1
53.9
100.0

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
23.1
76.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FRECJ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

               MISSING  CASES  1056
                                      429

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
       - CRfcATED 03/23/78
KM8
MISC M AG CU PB OR BRONZE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
      296
RM9
CADMIUM RED
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
       183
 RM10
 CADMIUM
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
H

TOTAL
MISSING l
CODE
A

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
B

TOTAL
' •. 1
ABSOLUTE i
FHtQ ;
296 :
1078 ;
1374 !
CASES 1070"
i
ABSOLUTE j
FREQ ;
183
1191
1374
! i.
i
CASES 1191
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
68
1306
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCt)
21.5
78.5
100.0

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
13.3
86.7
100.0

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.9
?S.l
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0

ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
• 	 ;«.- 	
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
  VALID CASES
        68
MISSING CASES  1306
                                        430

-------
03/23/78
        FILE  -  PAINT
        - CREATED 03/23/78
          CADMIUM YELLOW ORANGE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
      160
RM12
CHROME GREEN
CATEGORY LABEL
NO.  PLANTS  USING
 VALID CASES
      456
RM13
CHROMIUM OXIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
C

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
0

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
E

TOTAL
1
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
160
1214
1374
CASES 1214
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
456
918
1374
CASES 9li
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
77
1297
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
11.6
88.4
100.0

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
33.2
66.8
100.0
3
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.6
94.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT I
100.0
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FHEQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID  CASES
       77
MISSING CASES  1297
                                 431

-------
03/33/78
        FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED ,03/23/78
RM14
CHROMIUM OXIDE
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
      617
RM15
CHROME YELLOW
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
      858
RM16
CHROME ORANGE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
F

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
G

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
H

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
617
757
1374
CASES 757
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
858
516
1374
CASES 51
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
178
1196
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CHEATED 03/23/78
RM17
MOLYBOATE ORANGE WITH CR OH PB
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
      721
 KM18
 LEAD
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO.  PLANTS USING
 VALID CASES     398
 RM19
 LEAD
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
I
TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
J
TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
K
TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
721
653
1374
CASES 653
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
393
976
1374
CASES 976
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
5
1369
1374
52,5
47.5
100.0

RELATIVE
FREQ
(-PCT)
29.0
71.0
100.0

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREU
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0

ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FRtQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0

ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREU
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
 VALID CASES
                MISSING CASES  1369
                                   433

-------
 03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
          - CREATED 03/23/78
 RM20
SILVER BLUE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 207
RM21 IRON BLUE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

CODE
L
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FHEQ : '
207
1167
1374
1 . ,
i
CASES 1167
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
15.1
84.9
•*«->»—«•
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

WITH CYANIDES
CODE
M
TOTAL
VALID CASES 543 MISSING
RM22 ZINC OR CHROMIUM BROWN
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

CODE
N
TOTAL
1
•l
ABSOLUTE'
FREQ '
543
831 ;
1374
CASES 831
GREY .
: "F
ABSOLUTE ;
FREQ
32
1342 :
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
39.5
60.5
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2,3
97.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


	
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
      32
MISSING CASES  1342
                                       434

-------
03/23/78          FILE - PAINT
KM23      PHTHALGCYANINE BLUE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
                        - CREATED 03/23/78
CODE
0

OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
795
579
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
57.9
42.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
RM26
ZINC PIGMENTS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 280
HM27 LEAD PIGMENTS

CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 364
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ : (PCT)
B 280 20.4
1094 79.6
TOTAL 1374 j 100.0
MISSING CASES 1094
i . i.<, '• i 	 1
! ' .".. ',!:'!i "" '''.'l""'"1" " , :
RELATivE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ : (PCT)
C 364 26.5
1010 73,5
TOTAL 1374 ; 100.0
MISSING CASES 1010
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

	
,: • P' : „ '.«' : • : ! ,i." : •." j
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCf)
100.0
100.0


1 ;" in 	 : Hf isi ji'i:
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
'!' '" , ,'""n!"
RM28 DICHLOR08ENZIDENE DIARYLIDE ORANGE TONER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE j FREQ
CODE FREQ \ (Pcf»
D 304 ; 22.1
1079 ; 77,9
TOTAL 1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
      304
MISSING CASES  1070
                                    436

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
RM29
DICHLOROBENZIDENE OIARYLIDE YELLOW TONER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 144
RM30 PYRAZOLQNE RED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 58
RM31 MISC RED WITH
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


CODE
E

TOTAL.
MISSING

CODE
F

TOTAL
MISSING
ZINCfCRt
CODE
G

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
144
1230
1374
CASES 1230

1
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
58
1316
1374
CASES 1316
OR PB
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
80
1294
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
10.5
89.5
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.2
95.8
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.8
94.2
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
{PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT>
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100*0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
       80
MISSING CASES  1294
                                    437

-------
03/23/78
      - CREATED 03/23/78
RM32
MISC YELLOW WITH  .
        OR CHROMIUM
CATEGORY LABEL
                RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
      ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ     FREQ
CODE    FREQ      (PCT)     (PCT)    (PCT)
NO, PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 44
RM33 MISC YELLOW
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES 24
RM34 MISC YELLOW
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 156

H 44
1330
TOTAL 1374
3.2
96.8
100.0
100*0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100 .0
MISSING CASES "1330
WITH cu OR DICHLOROBENZIDENE:
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ : (PCT)
I 24
1350
TOTAL 1374
	 T.7 	
,,,;„;, 98 f 3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
loo. 	 o 	
.. l'Wr:
MISSING CASES 1350
WITH NICKEL
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
J 156
1218
TOTAL 1374
' • •
RELATIVE
FREO
	 	 , 	 (PCT),,
11.4
88.6
100. 0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
••• 	 	 "•'
CUM
FREQ
JPCJ) „
100.0
100.0
MISSING CASES 1218

!i :"' i i' 	 ll.i', • • , :, '"in, f ! i
- f '' "„ 1 • • „ •
. »i" I ,'"!" I1' „, •'
                                        438

-------
03/23/78
        TILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
RM35
MISC CHROMIUM BLUE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING K

TOTAL
VALID CASES 27 MISSING
RM36 MISC CADMIUM BLUES
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. OF PLANTS USING L

TOTAL
VALID CASES 10 MISSING
RM37 MISC COPPER BLACK
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING M

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
27
1347
1374
CASES 1347

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
10
1364
1374
CASES 1364

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
43
1331
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.0
98.0
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.7
99.3
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
3.1
96.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRtQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

«¥»

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
       43
MISSING CASES  1331
                                 439

-------
03/23/78 FILE
RM38 MISC
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 22
RM39 MISC ANTIMONY
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 61
4
- PAINT - CREATED
CHROMIUM BLACK
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
N 22
1352
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 1352
LEAD OR ZINC YELLOW
03/23/78

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.6
98.4
100.0

	
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ ; 
-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
HM41
OICHLORGQENZIDENE RED AO
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 16
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ 
-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
RM44
LEAD OR CHROME YELLOW AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES
RM45 NICKEL
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES
RM46 ORANGE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
T 141
1233
TOTAL 1374
141 MISSING CASES 1233
OR CADMIUM YELLOW AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
A 23
1351
TOTAL 1374
23 MISSING CASES 1351
LEAD AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
8 97
1277
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
10.3
! 89.7
100.0
i „::»„„:',„ •„ , • •„:,' ,' ; •
I „ ', 	 ,!! , " ',',,'!,
i
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.7
?8.3
100.0


RELATIVE
; FREQ
; (PCT)
7.1
92.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100,0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
       97
MISSING CASES  1277
                                    442

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
        - CREATED  03/23/78
HM47
DICLOR08ENZIDENE ORANGE AQ
CATEGORY LABEL ,
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 51
RM48 COPPER OF
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 449
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
C 51
1323
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 1323
CYANIDE GREEN AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
D 449
925
TOTAL 1374
3.7
96.3
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
32.7
67.3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0 .
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
MISSING CASES 925
HM49 CHROMIUN GREEN AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
E 241
1133
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
17.5
82.5
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
 VALID  CASES
       24 H
MISSING CASES  1133
                                443

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
        - CREATED  03/23/78
RM50
COPPER OR CYANIDE BLUE AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 492
ftMSl SILVER BLUE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 28
RM52 BLUE SILVER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
F 492
882
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 882
AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
G 28
1346
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 134(
NOK AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
H 43
1331
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
35.8
64.2
100.0

	 	 ;„ , i; 	
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.0
98.0
: 100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
3.1
96.9
\ 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100*0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


	 	 •. 	 , 	
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
        43
MISSING CASES  1331
                                    444

-------
03/23/76
        FILE - PAINT
        - CREATED 03/23/78
RM53
READ LEAD NON AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES K
RM54 CADMIUM
CATEGORY LABEL
No9 PLANTS USING


VALID CASES
RM55 LEAD OR
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


f
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
I 139
1235
TOTAL 1374
39 MISSING CASES 1235
08_S£LENIUM RED NON AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
J 37
1337
TOTAL 1374
37 MISSING CASES 1337
CHROMIUM YELLOW NON AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
K 345
1029
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/33/78 FILE -
PAINT
- CREATED
03/23/78


RMS6 OICHLOROBENZIDENE YELLOW NON AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. OF PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 81
RM57 LEAD OR CHROME
CATEGORY LABEL
NO, PLANTS USING

CODE
L
TOTAL
MISSING
ORANGE
CODE
M
TOTAL
VALID CASES 297 MISSING
RM58 LEAD OR CHROMIUM GREEN
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

CODE
N
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE !
FREQ , ;
81
1293
1374
CASES 1293
NON AQ !
ABSOLUTE :
FREQ
297 ;
1077
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.9
94,1
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
21.6
78.4
100.0
CASES 1077
NON AQ ',"" "
i
ABSOLUTE ;
FREQ
148 ,
1226
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
10.8
89.2
To o.o
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
	

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.6
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
• ; •• ,: 	 ,::-
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
148
MISSING CASES  1226
                                   446

-------
 03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
 RM59
LEAD CR CHROMIUM BLUE NON AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 34
HM60 COPPER OR
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING .


VALID CASES 527
HM61 ASBESTOS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
0 34
1340
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 13'
CYANIDE GREEN NON AQ
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 527
847
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 84

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
B 218
1156
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.5
97.5
100.0
iO

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
38.4
61.6
100.0
7

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
15.9
84.1
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100*0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES     218
              MISSING CASES  1156
                                447

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAiNT    - CREATED 03/23/78
RM62
BLUE ViITH COPPER OR CYANIDE NON AQ
CATEGORY. LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 526
RM63 SILVER BLUE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 43
RM64 LEAD DRIERS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


CODE
C

TOTAL
MISSING
NON AQ
CODE
D

TOTAL
MISSING

CODE
A

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
526
848
1374
CASES 848

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
43
1331
1374
CASES 1331

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
679
695
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
38.3
61.7
" io o.O
, ,, . . ,, 	
: 	
RELATIVE
i FREQ
I (PCT)
: 3.1
1 	 96". 9'" 	
100.0

•
RELATIVE
; FREQ
(PCT)
! 49.4
; 50,6
' 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
ioo.o
", • " ' ,.. i ... i

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MfSSlNG
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

	 , ^ ,,h

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID  CASES     679
                MISSING CASES   695
                                   448

-------
03/23/78
        FJLE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
RM65
ZINC DRIERS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 531
HM66 MISC DRIERS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 178
RM67 NAPHTHENATE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


i
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
8 531
843
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 843

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
C 178
1196
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 1196
DRIERS
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREG1
D 772
602
TOTAL 1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
38.6
61.4
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
13.0
87.0
100.0
-

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
56.2
43.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
      772
MISSING CASES   602
                                  449

-------
03/23/78
RM68
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
ZINC SOAPS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES     513
 RM69
LEAD SOAPS
 CATEGORY  LABEL
 NO.  PLANTS  USING
VALID CASES


RM70      01 N Bl


CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
       22
CODE
E
TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
F
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
513
861
1374
CASES 861
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
22
1352
1374
CASES 1352
RELATIVE
FREQ
, (PCT)
37 . 3
62 o 7
100..0
	
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.6
98,4
100,0

ADJUSTED
FREfl
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
1 •!'
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
	
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

ALATE PLASTICIZERS
CODE
G
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
354
1020
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25 ,,8
74,2
100,0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ.
(PCT)
100,0
100.0
VALID CASES
      354
MISSING CASES  1020
                                     450

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
HM71
DIMETHYL PHTHALATE   PLASTICIZERS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 51
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT)
H 51 3.7
1323 96.3
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1323
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

RM72 DJETHYL PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 22
RM73 01 2 ETHYL
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USIN6

RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
I 22 1.6
13S2 98.4
TOTAL 1374 100.0
MISSING CASES 1352
HEXYL PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ 
-------

03/23/78 FILE - PAINT
RM74 LEAD STABILIZERS
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING K

TOTAL
VALID CASES 66 MISSING
RM7S ZINC OR CADMIUM STABIL
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING A

TOTAL
VALID CASES 82 MISSING
RM76 LEAD OR PHENOL STABILi;
CATEGORY LABEH CODE
NO. PLANTS USING B

TOTAL

- CREATED 03/23/78

RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREO (PCT)
66 .."..' 	 4.8
1308 95™2
1374 100.0
CASES 1308
IZERS
'RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
82 6.0
1292 : 94.0
1374 100.0
CASES -1292
ZER
i
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ i (PCT)
141 10.3
1233 89.7
1374 ; 100.0



ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100^.0
MISSING
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.6
100.0

	 	 -

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

11

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
141
MISSING CASES  1233
                                     452

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
RM77
PHENOL toETTING AGENTS
                                       RK78 MISC W
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING c
TOTAL
VALID CASES 56 MISSING
RM78
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING D
TOTAL
VALID CASES 118 MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREO (PCT)
56
13)18
1374
CASES 1318

4.1
95.9
100.0


RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
118
1256
1374
CASES 1256
8.6
91.4
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
RM80
PHENOL ANTI SKIN AGENTS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING


VALID CASES <

RMB1 COPPER
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING


VALID CASES
RMB2 MERCURY
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


CODE
F

TOTAL
+01 MISSING

PRESERVATIVES
CODE
G

TOTAL
139 MISSING
' PRESERVATIVES
CODE
H

TOTAL
f
ABSOLUTE ,
FREQ
401
973
1374
CASES 973


ABSOLUTE
FREO
139
1235
1374
CASES 1235

f
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
586
788
1374
IELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
  CREATED  03/23/78
«M83
PCP PRESERVATIVES
CATEGORY LABEL. ۩OE
NO. PLANTS USING I

; TOTAL
VALID CASES 190 HISSING
*M84 ZINC PRESERVATIVES
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO* PLANTS USING j

TOTAL
VALID CASES 186 MISSING
RM85 OTHER PRESERVATIVES
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NOe PLANTS USING K

TOTAL
1
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
190
1184
1374
CASES 1184

f
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
186
1188
1374
CASES 1188

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
193
1271
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
IPCT)
13*8
869g
100,0


RELATIVE
FREQ
IPCTK
13.5
66.5
100. 0


RELATIVE
FREQ
IPCT)
7a§
92aS
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
IPCT)
100.0
MISSING
lOOeO


ADJUSTED
FREQ
CPCT)
lOOeO
MISSING
100*0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
IPCT)
100.0
HISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
IPCT)
100*0
lOOeO



CUM
FREQ
IPCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
IPCT)
100.0
100.0

VALID CASES
       103
CASES  1171
                                  455

-------
 03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
fcM86
NAPHTHA BASED RESINS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 223
RM87 TOLUENE OR
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING
-
VALID CASES 332
RMB8 TOLUENE OR
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING

CODE
A
TOTAL
MISSING
ETHYLBENZEKE
CODE
B
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREO
223
1151 :
1374
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
16.2!
83,8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
....<£?!_)
100.0
100.0
CASES 1 151

ABSOLUTE
FREQ '
332
1042
1374
SOLUBL
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCTJ
24.2
75.8
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
MISSING CASES 1042
ETHYLBENZENE
CODE
C
TOTAL
SOLUBLE RESINS
r
ABSOLUTE'
FREQ
255 ;
1119
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
18.6
81.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FKEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
      255
MISSING CASES  1119
                                   456

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
RM89
TOLUENE OR NAPHTHA SOLUBLE RESINS
CATEGORY LABEL
M>. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 316
KM90 TOLUENE OR
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 269
RM91 TOLUE'NE OR
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

CODE
D
TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FHEQ
FREQ (PCT)
316 23.0
1058 77.0
1374 100.0
CASES 1058
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

NAPHTHA ALKYD RESIN
CODE
E
TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
269 19.6
1105 80.4
1374 100.0
CASES 1105
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

NAPHTHA SOLUBLE POLYESTER
CODE
F
TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ I PCT)
153 11.1
1221 88.9
1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
      153
MISSING CASES  1221
                                    457

-------
 03/23/78          FILE - PAINT    - CHEATED 03/23/78
 KM92      TOLUENE SOLUBLE EPOXY RESINS
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO* PLANTS USING
CODE
G

OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREO
424
950
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
RM95
NAPHTHA SOLUBLE
     MELAMINE RESINS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 186
«M96 VINYL CHLORIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
feO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 511
RM97 VINYL CHLORIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

CODE
8
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
188
1186
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
13.7
66.3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRtQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CASES 1166
DERIVATIVES
CODE
C
TOTAL
MISSING
DERIVED
CODE
D
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
511
863
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
37.2
62.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CASES 663
PVA
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
104
1270
1374

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
7.6
92.4
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
      104
MISSING CASES  1270
                                    459

-------
03/23/78
         HE - PAINT    - CHEATED 03/23/78
RM98
PHENOL OR TOLUENE SOLLBLE   PV ALCOHOL
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 247
RM99 VINYL CHLORIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 44
CODE
E
TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREO
FREQ 
-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CHEATED 03/23/78
KH101
TOLUENE SOLUBLE
      ACRYLIC SOLUTIONS
CATEGORY LABEL
M)« PLANTS USING

VALID CASES 451
CODE
H
TOTAL
MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREO
F«EO (PCT)
451 32*8
923 67.2
1374 100. 0
CASES 923
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
HISSING
100.0

CUM
FREO
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

«H102 TOLUENE SOLUBLE STYRENE AND VINYL TOLUEN
CATEGORY LABEL
N0» PLANTS USING

VALID CASES ISO
RM103 PHENOL OR
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING

CODE
I
TOTAL
HISSING
ETHYLBENZENE
CODE
J
TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FRECJ (PCT)
150 10.9
1224 89.1
1374 100.0
CASES 1224
SOLUBLE OLEORESIN
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
167 12.2
1207 87.8
1374 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
HISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
HISSING
100.0
CUH
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUH
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
 VALID CASES
       167
HISSING CASES  1207
                                   461

-------
03/23/78          FILE - PAINT    « CHEATED 03/23/78


RMJS04     TOLUENE OR NAPHTHA SOLUBLE SILICONES
CATEGORY LAtiEL

NO. PLANTS USING
                                 RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
                       ABSOLUTE   , FREQ      FREG
                 CODE     FREQ     i (PCT)      (PCT)
                           TOTAL
                          223


                         1151
                        »M«»«a
                         1374
                     16.2

                    i 83,8

                    100.0
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FREU
 (PCT)

100.6

100.0
VALID CASES
     223
MISSING CASES  1151
 RM105      TOLUENE SOLUBLE HALEIC SOLUTIONS
 CATEGORY LABEL

 NO.  CF  PLANTS USING


CODE
L

rOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
122
1252
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
i
8.9
' "'91. 1"/"""
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
      122
 MISSING CASES  1252
  HM106
PHENOLIC RESINS
  CATEGORY  LABEL

  NO.  PLANTS USING


CODE
M

rOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
377
997
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
27.4
72.6
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

  VALID CASES
      377
  MISSING CASES   997
                                      462

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
         - CREATED 03/23/78
RM107
METHYL CHLORIDE OR TOLUENE SOLUBLE   CEL
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
      273
CODE
N

OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
273
1101
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
19.9
eo.i
100.0
ADJUSTED
FKEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRE.Q
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

MISSING CASES  1101
NM108
TOLUENE SOLUBLE URETHANE RESINS
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
      284
CODE
0

OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
284
1090
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
20.7
79.3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRECI
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

MISSING CASES  1090
 03/23/78
 NM109
         FILE - PAINT
 MISC RESINS
 CATEGORY LABEL

 NO. PLANTS USING
 VALID CASES
       143
                            TOTAL
          - CREATED 03/23/78
        PAGE 423
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FKEQ
                   CODE    FREQ
                            143


                           1231
                           »«*«D«»4»«
                           1374
                      (PCT)

                      10.4

                      89.6

                     100.0
 MISSING CASES  1231
  (PCT)

 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FREU
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
                                463

-------
03/23/78
FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
HM110 BENZENE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 43
RM111 BENZENE TOLUENE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


VALID CASES 27
HM112 TOLUENE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 43
1331
TOTAL 137*
HISSING CASES 1331
I-IXTURES
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
B 27
1347
TOTAL 1374
MISSING CASES 1347

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
C 825
549
TOTAL 1374

RELATIVE
FREO
,
3,1
96.9
100.0

1 'i!!!!11 ,:,! i ' 'ii'i|'"'i. !• 'i
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.0
98.0
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
60.0
40.0
[•<•••«••
100.0

ADJUSTED
F«EO
CPCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

-,.•;, .,v i . :,.,, - ..
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
• 	 	

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


'" 'V 11, i "I". 'l|' 1, «'
CUM
FREO
(PCt)
100.0
100.0

	 	

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID  CASES     825
        MISSING CASES   549
                                      464

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
HM113
TOLUENE E1THYLBEN2ENE FIXTURES
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
       57
          ETHYLBENZENE
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. PLANTS USING
 VALID CASES
       161
 KM115
 ISOPHORONE
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
0

TOTAL
MISSING 4
CODE
E

TOTAL
MISSING
CODE
F

TOTAL
1
ABSOLUTE
FREG
57
1317
1374
DASES 1317
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
161
1213
1374
CASES 121:
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
175
1199
1374
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
4.1
95.9
100.0

RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
11.7
88.3
100.0
\
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
12.7
87.3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0

 VALID CASES
       175
MISSING CASES  1199
                                465

-------
03/33/78
        FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
HM116
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASLS
CODE
G
TOTAL
8 MISSING
KM117 CHLOROBENZENE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING

VALID CASES
RM118 124
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING
H
TOTAL
9 HISSING
TRICHLOROBENZENE
CODE
I
TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREO ; (PCT)
I
8 i 0.6
1366 99.4
1374 100.0
CASES 1366
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
9 0.7
1365 99.3
1374
CASES 1361

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
3
1371
1374
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
99.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCI)
100.0
100.0
: ,;;;'~~ 	 ;,; .;;
i>'< '! .'Mil, Illi' i1 'i!111 ,' <: <;i|i<

CUM
FREU
(PCT)
100.0 	
100.0
	


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
               MISSING CASES  1371
                                    466

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT
- CREATED 03/23/78
RM119
1-2-OICHLOROETHANE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO* PLANTS USING

VALID CASES
RM120 Itltl
CATEGORY LABEL
CODE
J
TOTAL
5 HISSING
TRICHLOROETHANE
CODE
NO. PLANTS USING K

VALID CASES
RM121 1»1«2
TOTAL
140 HISSING
TRICHLOROETHANE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO* CF PLANTS USING L
TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
5
1369
1374
CASES 1369

ABSOLUTE
FR6.Q
140
1234
1374
0.4
99.6
JOO.O


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
10.2
89.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRE.Q
(PCT)
100.0
100.0


CUM
FRtQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CASES 1234

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
10
1364
1374

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.7
99.3
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
 VALID CASES
                MISSING  CASES  1364
                                    467

-------
03/23/78
        FILE - PAINT    - CREATED 03/23/78
RM122
BIS 2 CHLOROETHYL ETHER
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING A

TOTAL
VALID CASES 1 MISSING
RM123 CHLOROFORM
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING B

TOTAL
VALID CASES 3 MISSING
RM124 1«2 DICHLOROBENZENE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING C

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREO
i 	
1373
1374
CASES 1373
;
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
3 ! 	
1371
\
1374
1
CASES 1371
! 	 :
ABSOLUTE !
FREO
8
1366
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
CPCT)
0.1
99.9
100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
99.8
100.0

	 	 - ••• 	
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
""','' : 	 :,0,6:;;V"
99.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
	 io o.o
MISSING
100.0

; 	
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

	 ' -. . • 	
ADJUSTED
	 FREQ 	
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRtU
(PCT)
100.0
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.1
100.0
;,;; 	 „: 	 '.


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
lOOfO "
100.0

VALID CASES
        8
MISSING CASES  1366
                                    468

-------
03/23/78
         FILE - PAINT
- CHEATED 03/23/78
RM125
1»3 DICHLOPOPROPYLENE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING D
TOTAL
VALID CASES 6 MISSING
KM126 METHYLENE CHLORIDE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING E
TOTAL
VALID CASES 305 MISSING
RM127 THICHLOROETHYLENE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING F
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
6
1368
1374
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRtQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CASES 1368

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
305
1069
1374

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
22.2
77.8
100,0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CASES 1069

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
77
1297
• •» •••»•»*»
1374

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
5.6
94.4
100.0

ADJUSTED
FKEQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID  CASES
                 MISSING CASES  1297
                                     469
                                           U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1979 0 '- 307-2H8

-------

-------
-------
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