vvEF'A
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Effluent Guidelines Division
WH-552
Washington DC 20460
EPA-440/1-79/090-b
December 1979
Water and Waste Management
Development
Document for
Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and
Standards for the
Ink Formulating
Proposed
Point Source Category
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A
DEVELOPMENT ^DOCUMENT
1. for ;
PROPOSED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES,
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
for the
INK FORMULATING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
Douglas M. Costle
Admin istrator
1 Robert. B. Schaffer
Director, Effluent Guidelines Division
• ' John E. Riley
Chief, Wood Products and Fibers Branch
James R. Berlow
Project Officer
December, 1979
Effluent Guidelines Division
Office of Water and Waste Management
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
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ABSTRACT
This document presents the findings of an extensive study of the ink
manufacturing industry for the purpose of developing effluent
limitations for ,existing point sources and standards of performance
for new sources and pretreatment "standards for existing and new
sources to implement Sections 301, 304, 306 and 307 of the Clean Water
Act. The study covers approximately 460 ink manufacturing facilities
in SIC Group 2893.
Effluent limitation guidelines are set forth for the degree of
effluent pollutant reduction attainable through application of best
available technology economically achievable which must be attained by
existing point sources by July 1, 1984. The standards of performance
for new sources (NSPS) set forth the degree of effluent pollutant
reduction that is achievable through" the application of the best
available demonstrated control technology, processes, operating
methods, or other alternatives. Pretreatment standards for existing
and new sources (PSES and PSNS) set forth the degree of effluent
pollutant reduction that must be achieved in order to prevent the
discharge of pollutants that pass through, interfere with, or are
otherwise incompatible with the operation of POTW.
The' proposed regulations for BAT, NSPS, PSES and PSNS are based on
application of contract hauling to completely eliminate the discharge
of pollutants from ink plants^ •
=w> • ' • %
Supportive data, rationale,, and methods of the proposed effluent
limitation guidelines and standards of performance are contained in
this document.
111
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
CONCULSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION -' - '. " •
Purpose and Authority
"Summary of Methodology
: Data and Information Gathering Program
General Description of the Industry
Number of Manufacturing Sites and
Employment
; Ink Industry Sales
Geographic Distribution of Ink Plants
Organization of Ink Plants
Age.Distribution of Ink Plants
Batch Sizes and Available Tankage
Periods of Operation
Production Characteristics
Raw Materials
INDUSTRIAL SUBCATEGORIZATION
Introduction
: Rationale for Subcategorization
; Raw Materials and Products
Production Methods " •
Size and'Age of Production Facilities
Wastewater Constituents
Tub Cleaning, Techniques
WATER USES AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATIONS
Water Use
Wastewater Sources
Tub and; Equipment Cleaning
Other Pollutant Sources
Wastewater Volume
Wastewater Characterization
-Sampling Data
Mass Loadings
Resampling . *
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Introduction
Methodology
- -Raw Materials Evaluation
Raw Materials Survey
1
3
5
5
7
8
10
11
14
14
18
18
18
22
22
23
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
35
35
35
35
41
43
46
50
63
66
69
69
69
70
70
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VII
VIII
Sampling Program 73
Plant Location 73
Plant Size 73
Wastewater Treatment 76
Toxic Pollutants 76
Direct Dischargers 76
Selection of Sampling Sites 76
Toxic Pollutants 77
Pesticides "and Metabolites 77
PCB'S 78
Phenolic Compounds 79
Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants 79
Halomethanes 79
Chlorinated Ethanes , 80
Aromatic Solvents 81
Chloroaklyl Ethers . 82
. Dichioropropane and
Dichloropropene 82
Chlorinated Ethylenes 82
Miscellaneous Volatile Organics 83
Semi-Volatile Organic Priority Pollutants 83
Polynuclear Aromatics (PNA's) 83
Chlorobenzenes 84
Phthalate Esters 84
Haloethers 85
Nitrbsamines 86
Nitro-Substituted Aromatics Other ,
than Phenols 86
Benzidine Compounds 86
Miscellaneous Semi-Volatile Organic
Toxic Pollutants 86
Inorganic; Toxic Pollutants 87
Conventional Pollutant Parameters 87•
Nonconventional Pollutant Parameters 88
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY 89
In-Plant Wastewater Control Strategies 89
Wastewater Reduction 89
Wastewater Recycle 90
Wastewater Disposal 92
Wastewater Treatment 92
Preliminary Treatment Systems 94
Physical-Chemical Treatment 94
Other Wastewater Treatment Systems 97
COST, ENERGY, AND OTHER NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS 99
Costs 99
Historical Cost Information 99
Cost Development 99
vz
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Physical-Chemcial Precipitation
Manual Physical-Chemical Treatment
System
Wastewater Disposal by Contract '
Hauling
: Wastewater Reduction System
Nonwater Quality Aspects
Energy
Sludge Quantity and Characteristics
Solvent-Wash Subcategory
T02
105
105
105
112
112
112
112
IX
XI
EFFLUENT'REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION
OF THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY
ACHIEVABLE EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES 115
: Introduction 115
Identification of BAT Technology 116
.Technology Options Available 116
Rationale Used to Develop BAT Effluent
Guidelines 117
Size, Age, Production Methods, Raw
Materials and Products, Tub Cleaning
Techniques 117
Engineering Aspects of Best Available
; Technology Economically Achievable 118
Nonwater Quality Environmental Impact 118
-Total Cost of Application in Relation to
Effluent Reduction Benefits . - 118
BAT Effluent Guidelines 119
Regulated Pollutants 119
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 121
Introduction '121
^Identification of New Source Performance
Standards ' 121
] Rationale Used to Develop NSPS Effluent
Limitations 121
Size, Production Methods, Raw Materials
and'Products, Tub Cleaning Techngiues 121
Engineering Aspects of New Source
Performance Standards 121
Nonwater Quality Environmental Impacts 122
Total Cost of Application in Relation
to Effluent Reduction Benefits 122
NSPS Effluent Limitations 122
Regulated Pollutants 122
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES 123
Introduction 123
vii
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XII
XIII
XIV
XV
Identification of Pretreatment Standards
Rationale Used to Develop Pretreatment
Standards for Existing Sources
Size, Age, Production Methods, Raw
Materials, and Products, Tub Cleaning
Techniques
Engineering Aspects of Pretreatment for
Existing Sources
Nonwater Quality Environmental Impacts
Total Cost of Application in Relation to
Effluent Reduction Benefits
Pretreatment Standards For Existing Sources
Regulated Pollutants
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
Introduction
Identification of New Source Pretreatment
Standards
Rationale Used to Develop PSNS Effluent
Limitations
Size, Production Methods, Raw Materials
and Products, Tub Cleaning Techniques
Engineering Aspects of New Source
Performance Standards
Nonwater Quality Environmental Impacts
Total Cost of Application in Relation
to Effluent Reduction Benefits
Pretreatment Standards For New Sources
Regulated Pollutants
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -
REFERENCES
GLOSSARY .
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIXP
124
124
125
125
125
126
126
126
129
129
129
129
129
129
130
;
130
130
130
131
133
137
149
165
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
APPENDIX H
APPENDIX I
185
195
199
207
221
Vlll
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
Title
III-l
III-2
Number of Production Employees in Ink
Plants (1976)
Ink Industry Profile - 1972 Census of
12
III-3
.111-4
III-5
in-$'
III-7
III-8
I II'- 9
I.II-10
III-ll
111-12
V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
Geographical Distribution of Ink Plants
Distribution of Ink Manufacturing Plants
by Stcite . - , -
Ink Industry Breakdown by Age '
Number of Ink Plants with Tubs of Various
Sizes •
Total Ink Industry Tankage
Production Breakdown of Ink Plants
• Production Breakdown of Ink Plants by
Vehicle
Comparison of Plants Specializing in Water-
Base and Sol vent/oil -Base Ink
Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Pigments
_ Used in Ink Plants
Slopes and Correlation Coefficients for Plots
of Percent Toxic Pollutants Usage Versus
Percent Solvent-Base Ink Production
Total Water Usage by the Ink Industry
Percent Water Usage in Ink Plants
Methods of Tub Cleaning Used by Ink Plants
Amount of Water Used to Clean an Ink Tub
Other Pollution Sources
i tj
16
17
19
20
21
24
25
,26
r -
27
29
36
37
38
42
44
IX
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V-6
V-7
V-8
V-9
V-10
V-ll
V-12
V-13
V-14
V-15
V-16
V-17
V-18
V-19
VI-1
VI-2
Wastewater Generation by the Ink Industry
Volume of Wastewater Generated by Ink
Plants Producing Only Water-Base, Oil-Base
or Solvent-Base Ink
Wastewater Discharge by the Ink Industry
Volume of Wastewater Discharged by Ink
Plants Producing Only Water-Base, oil-Base,
or Solvent-Base Inks
Constitutuents of Ink Manufacturing Plant
(SIC 2893) Wastes in East Bay Municipal
Utilities District
Waste Characterization from an Ink Tub
Washer that Recycles the Wash Water
(10/15-18/1973)
Characterization of Ink Plants Participating
in the 1977 Sampling Program
Characteristics of Ink Sampling Plants
Toxic Pollutants Found in Sampling Plant
Raw Materials
Untreated Wastewater Data Summary (1977/78
Sampling Program)
45
48
49
51
52
53
54
55
56
Treated Wastewater Data Summary (1977/78 Sampling
Program)
Intake (Tap) Water Data Summary (1977/78
Sampling Program)
Untreated Wastewater Mass Loading
Results of Resampling at Two Ink Plants
(One Year Interval)
Occurrance of Toxic Pollutants in Ink
Raw Materials
Toxic Pollutants Found in Raw Materials
Used by the ink Industry
58
60
64
67
71
74
x
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VI- 3
VI I-1
"VII-2
VII-3
VIII-1
VIII-2
VIII-3
i
VIII-4
VIII-5
Distribution,of Ink Plants in Major Metro-
politan Areas ' 75
/
Frequency of Tank Cleaning and Reuse of Ink
Wastewater . • 91
Wastewater Disposal Methods , 93
Untreated and Treated Wastewater Concen-
trations and Percent Removals from Ink
Plant 22 , 95
Cost of Sludge or Wastewater Removal
by Contract Hauler 100
Physical-Chemical Treatment System
Design Data 103
Physical-Cheiriical Pretreatment Systems
Capital Costs 104
Physical-Chemical Pretreatment Systems
Operating Costs 106
Manually Operated Physical-Chemical Pre-
treatment Systems Capital Costs 107
VIII-6
VIII-7
VHI-f
VIII-9
Manually Operated Physical-Chemical Pre-
treatment Systems Operating Costa
Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling
Capital Costs
Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling
Operating Costs
Wastewater Reduction Through High Pressure
Tank Rinsing Capital Costs
108
109
110
111
XI
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Mo. , | Title ,
III-l Geographical Distribution of Ink Manufac-
turing Sites
VII-1 . Flow Diagram for a Batch Physical-Chemical
Treatment System :
15
xxn
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
For the purpose of establishing wastewater effluent limitation
guidelines for existing sources and standards of performance for new
sources the ink manufacturing point source category has been
subcategorized as follows: -
1. Solvent-wash
2. Caustic and/or water-wash
Tub cleaning techniques constitute the only valid technical basist for
subcategorization; raw materials and production methods are not valid
bases for subcategorization except as they influence tub cleaning
techniques. Production methods, size, age, and wastewater
constitutents of ink manufacturing facilities.were not found to be a
basis for subcategorization.
The most significant pollutants and pollutant parameters appearing in
the industry wastewater in terms of occurence and concentration
include: the nonconventional and conventional pollutants BOD5_, TSS,
pH, COD, and oil and grease; and the following toxic pollutants:
Chromium(Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Zinc (Total)
Isophorone '
Di-h-octyl Phthalate
Trichloroethylene
Ethylbenzene
'Methylene Chloride
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Pentachlorophenol
Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
discharges of these pollutants will cease under proposed best
available treatment economically -achievable (BAT), new source
performance standards (NSPS), and pretreatment standards for new and
existing sources (PSNS amd PSES). .
- " " v -
The Agency estimates total investment costs for the- proposed
regulations (BAT, NSPS, PSNS, PSES) to be 1.5 million dollars.
Associated annualized costs (including interest, depreciation,
operation, and maintenance) are estimated to be 3.0 million dollars.
No unemployment, plant closures, or changes in industry production
capacity are expected.
Generation of hazardous wastes subject to the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) may be as high as 23,000 metric tons per year.
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EPA expects no significant changes in terms of air emissions, noise,
or radiation.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of this study, EPA recommends that wastewater
effluent limitations attainable, through the application of best
available technology economically achievable (BAT) rest on contract
hauling to, "completely eliminate the discharge of pollutants from all
ink manufacturing facilities.
Similarly, EPA recommends that standards of performance for new
sources (NSPS) and pretreatment standards for new and existing sources
(PSNS and PSES), eliminate pollutant-discharges from ink manufacturing
facilities.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY
; / ' ' ' • "- "
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 established
a comprehensive; program to v"restore and maintain the chemical,
physical, and biological. . integrity of the Nation's waters," Section
ioi (a) . L5y July 1, 1977, existing industrial dischargers were
required to achieve "effluent limitations requiring the application of
the, best practicable control technology currently available" (BPT),
Section 301 (b) (1) (A) ; and by July .1, 1983, these dischargers were
required to achieve "effluent limitations requiring the application of
the. best available technology economically achievable . . . which.will
result in reasonable further progress toward the national goal of
eliminating the 'discharge of ,all pollutants" ~ (BAT) , Section 301 (b)
(2) (A). , New industrial direct dischargers were required to comply
with Section 306 new source performance standards (NSPS) , based on
best available demonstrated technology; , and new and existing
dischargers to publicly owned treatment works (POTW) were subject to
pjretreatment standards under Sections 307 (b) and (c) of the Act.
Wliile the requirements for direct dischargers were to be incorporated
into National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits
issued tinder Section 402 of the Act, pretreatment standards were made
enforceable directly against dischargers to POTW (indirect
dischargers) . ./ •
Although Section 402(a) (1) of the 1972 Act authorized the setting of
requirements for direct dischargers on a case-by-case basis. Congress
intended that, for the most part, control requirements would be based
on reaulations promulgated by the Administrator of EPA. Section
304(b) of the Act required' the Administrator to promulgate regulations
providing guidelines for effluent limitations setting forth the degree
of effluent reduction attainable through the application of BPT and
BAT. ; Moreover, Sections 304 (c) and 306 of the Act required
promulgation of regulations for NSPS, and Sections 304 (f) , 307(b), and
307 (c) required promulgation of regulations for pretreatment
standards. In addition to these^regulations for designated industry
categories, Section 307 |[a) of the Act required the Administrator to
promulgate effluent standards applicable to all dischargers of toxic
pollutants. Finally, Section 301 (a) of the Act authorized the
Administrator to prescribe any additional regulations "necessary to
carry out his functions111 under the Act.
The EPA was unable to promulgate many of these' regulations by the
dates contained in .the Act. In 1976, EPA was sued by several
environmental groups, arid in settlement of this lawsuit EPA and the
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plaintiffs executed a "Settlement Agreement," which was approved by
the Court. This Agreement required EPA to develop a program and
adhere to a schedule for promulgating for 21 major industries BAT
effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, and new
source performance standards for 65, "priority" pollutants and classes
of pollutants. See Natural Resources Defense Council^ Inc., y. Train,
8 ERG 2120 (D.D.C. 1976), modified March 9, 1979.
On December 27, 1977, the President signed into law the Clean Water
Act of 1977. Although this law makes several important changes in the
federal water* pollution control program, its most significant feature
is its incorporation into the Act of several of the .basic elements of
the Settlement Agreement program for toxic pollution control.
Sections 301 (b) (2) (A) and 301 (b) (2) (C) of the Act now require the
achievement by July 1, 1984, of effluent limitations requiring
application of BAT fpr "toxic" pollutants, including the 65 "priority"
pollutants and classes of pollutants which congress declared "toxic"
under Section 307 (a) of the Act. Likewise, EPA's programs for new
source performance standards and pretreatment standards are now aimed
principally at toxic pollutant controls. Moreover, to strengthen the
toxics control program. Congress added Section 304(e) to the Act,
authorizing the Administrator to prescribe "best management practices"
(BMP) to prevent the release of toxic and hazardous pollutants from
plant site runoff, spillage ox: leaks, sludge or waste disposal, and
drainage from raw material storage associated with, or ancillary to,
the manufacturing or treatment process.
In keeping with its emphasis on toxic pollutants, the Clean Water Act
of 1977 also revised the control program for nontoxic pollutants.
Instead of BAT for "conventional" pollutants identified under Section
304 (a) (4) (including biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids,
fecal coliform, and pH) , the new Section 301 (b) (2) (E) requires
achievement by July 1, 1984, of "effluent limitations requiring the
application of the best conventional pollutant control technology"
(BCT). The factors considered in assessing BCT for an industry
include the costs of attaining a reduction in effluents and the
effluent reduction benefits derived compared to the costs and effluent
reduction benefits from the discharge of publicly owned treatment
works (Section 304 (b) (4) (B)). For nonconventional pollutants.
Sections 301 (b) (2) (A) and (b) (2) (F) require achievement of BAT
effluent limitations within three years after their establishment or
July 1, 1984, whichever is later, but not later than July 1, 1987.
The purpose of this report is to provide the technical data support
for any BAT, 3CT, or NSPS pretreatment standards for existing sources
(PSES), and pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS), which EPA
may choose to issue for the unregulated segments of the ink industry,
under Sections 301, 304, 306, 307 and 501 of the Clean Water Act.
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ST3MMKRY OF METHODOLOGY . , "
". - = , r ' /
This _ document summarizes data concerned with wastewater generated by
the ink industry. The initial task was to review previous EPA work on
the industry; reports that provided background information included:
"Development Dpcument for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New-
Source Performance Standards for the Oil-Base Solvent-Wash
Subcategories of the Paint and Ink Formulating Point Source Category,
(1975) »
Prepared by the EPA National Field Investigation Center in Denver
(NFIC-D) ,, this document served as the basis for the July 28, 1975
regulations (40 CFR 447) that set forth no discharge for BPT, BAT,
NSPS and New Source Pretreatment standards for the Oil-Base Solvent-
Wash Subcategories. The information in this document was based on
data provided by the East Bay Municipal Utilities District (EBMUD) of
Oakland, California about several ink plant wastewaters.
"Draft Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines,
Pretreatment Standards and New Source Performance Standards, Paint and
Ink Formulating Point Source Categories, (1976) "(2)
Referred to .as the "1976 study," this unr el eased report provides
additional detailed information related to wastewater management in
those segments of the ink industry not covered by the July, 28, 1975 no
discharge regulations. The data presented in the 1976 report were
based on a program of sampling and analysis at several ink plants, as
well as on numerous plant visits and evaluations,. Analytical data
developed during this study were for conventional, nonconventional and
inorganic toxic pollutants. Since this study was completed shortly
after ; the Settlement Agreement between EPA and several environmental
groups, EPA decided to incorporate this data with the required toxic
pollutant study.
Review of these documents showed the need for additional information
to prof ile the ink industry, as well as /to properly guantify the
impact of toxic pollutants as required by the Settlement Agreement.
Development of the needed information included the following tasks:
Industry survey;
Industry profile;
Wastewater sampling program;
industry subcategorization; ,
Water use and wastewater characterization;
Selection of pollutant parameters;
Description of control and treatment technologies ;
Cost data development. .
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First, EPA studied the ink formulating industry to determine whether
differences in raw materials, final products, manufacturing processes.
equipment, age and size of plants
water
usage.
wastewater
constituents, or other factors required the development of separate
effluent limitations and standards for different segments of the
industry.
Next, EPA identified several distinct control and treatment
technologies, including both in-plant and end-of-process technologies,
which are in use, or capable of being used, in the ink formulating
industry. The Agency compiled and analyzed historical data and newly
generated data on the effluent quality resulting from the application
of these technologies. The long term performance, operational
limitations, and reliability of each of the treatment and control
technologies were also identified. In addition, EPA considered the
nonwater quality environmental impacts of these technologies,
including impacts on air quality, solid waste generation, water
scarcity, and energy requirements.
The Agency then estimated the costs of each control and treatment
technology from unit cost curves developed by standard engineering
analysis as applied to ink formulating wastewater characteristics.
EPA derived unit process costs from model plant characteristics
(production and flow) applied to each treatment process unit cost
curve. These unit process costs were added to yield total cost at
each treatment level. After confirming the reasonableness of this
methodology by comparing EPA cost estimates to treatment system costs
supplied by the industry, the Agency evaluated the economic impacts of
these costs.
! '
Upon consideration of these factors, as more fully described below,
EPA identified various control and treatment technologies as BAT,
PSES, PSNS, and NSPS. The proposed regulations, however, do not
require the installation of any particular technology. Rather, they
require achievement of effluent limitations representative of the
proper operation of these technologies or equivalent technologies.
The ultimate goal of this work was to provide sufficient data for
rulemaking in the unregulated segments of the ink industry. The
remaining sections of this document discuss the results of each" task
in detail.
DATA AND INFORMATION GATHERING PROGRAM
EPA surveyed the ink formulating industry through the Data Collection
Portfolio (DCP). This consisted of a questionnaire and some
explanatory material and was intended to gather data for the
unregulated segments of the ink industry.
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The DCP form was divided into seven sections:
- General Information
- Plant Operations
- Production Characteristics
Tank and Equipment Cleaning (representing a major,
wastewater source in many ink plants)
- Other Wastewater Sources
Wastewater Handling and Disposal
- Raw Materials
This final format, as depicted in Appendix A, represents several
stages of development, including review by members of the National
Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers (NAPIM) and EPA.
Rather than attempting to contact a small but statistically valid
sample of the ink industry, it was determined that through the use of
computerized marketing information services virtually all ink
manufacturing sites could be identified for receipt of a Data
Collection Portfolio (DCP). In order to do this, a copy of the Dun
and Bradstreet (D5B) "Dun's Market Identifiers" computer data tapes
was obtained. On these tapes, general business information is
recorded according to Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for
essentially all commercial establishments in the United States. For
SIC 2893, Printing Ink, the D&B tapes utilized contain 567 entries.
The addresses of the 567 (SIC 2893) entries on the D&B tapes were used
to form a preliminary mailing list. This list was reviewed by the
National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers (NAPIM) . The NAPIM
comments suggested certain additions and deletions to the mailing list
yielding va final mailing list containing 598 entries. Additionally,
representatives of major ink manufacturing firms were given the
opportunity to review the mailing list. Six large companies indicated
that,. the list did not adequately represent the number of small
manufacturing sites and blending stations their firms operated. To
resolve this, multiple blank portfolios were supplied to the corporate
headquarters of the six firms requesting additional questionnaires.
This final mailing list was computerized and transferred to address
labels to facilitate distribution. Each address was given a unique
code number to assure that each response would be appropriately
catalogued.
An additional complicating factor associated with the Ink Industry DCP
was how to handle those captive ink producers that manufactured ink
within a printing plant solely for use within that plant. Although
strictly speaking these ink manufacturing operations are within SIC
28,93, ii^_ji«Eas _ dec±ded__ that^Jb wjan]_d_ba— ronat- A-FfMqjent to survey the
captive operations in conjunction with a parallel study of the
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Printing Industry, SIC 27, beigj? conducted by Environmental Science
and Engineering inc. consequently the survey information gathered tor
the ink industry profile does not reflect the incremental impact of
captive ink production on printing plant operations.
Pesponse to the survey varied. -Of the DCP's mailed out:
460 Portfolio questionnaires were returned and encoded on data
tpaes ,
177
11
Portfolios were marked "Not a Manufacturing Site" indicating
that the questionnaire,was received by a corporate, or other
site not involved in printing ink manufacture.
Portfolios were mailed
longer in business.
to ink manufacturers who were no
21 Portfolios were duplicates mailed to operating ink production
plants.
23 Portfolios were undeliverable and returned.
All DCP respondents were instructed to answer survey questions
pertaining to annual production or employment on the basis of their
1S76 operations. For all other questions the respondents were
directed to provide information on the basis of current operations.
Consequently, the bulk of the^-SJorvev infarmation jased in the following
profile of the industry i s-±>a?s-e4--e>H~-pJ-ant
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY
The variety of inks used today is broad, ranging from ordinary writing
inks to specialized magnetic inks. A large volume of inks are
specially produced for the printing industry and fall into four major
categories. These four categories are: letterpress inks, lithographic
inks, flexographic inks, and gravure inks. (3)
Letterpress inks are viscous tacky pastes using vehicles that are oil
and varnish-based. They generally contain resins and dry by the
oxidation of the vehicle.
Lithographic or off-set inks are viscous inks with a varnish-based
vehicle, similar to the letterpress varnishes. The pigment content is
higher in lithographic inks than letterpress ink because the ink is
applied in thinner films. These inks are formulated to run in the
presence of water since water is used to create the nonimage areas of
the printing plate.
10
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Flexographic inks are liquid inks which dry by evaporation, absorption
into the substrate, and decomposition. There are two main types of
flexographic inks: water and solvent. Water inks are used on
absorbent paper . and the solvent inks are used, on nonabsorbent
surfaces. ' .
Gravure inks are liquid inks which dry by solvent evaporation. The
inks have a variety of uses ranging from printing publications to food
package'printing.
Number of Manufacturing Sites: and Employment . . •
Total industry employment was, placed at approximately 9,600 by the
1972 Commerce Department Census of Manufacturers, 5,700 of which were
involved in production. Based on the DCP results, the number of
employees involved in production during 1976 averaged approximately
9,000. Ink manufacturers produce many custom formulations, and tend
to be geographically dispersed as are their customers. This and other
factors, such, as relatively low capital investment, accounts for the
large number of small plants in the industry. Forty-two percent of
the plants responding to the survey have less than ten employees, and
71 percent have under 20 employees. Six companies (Borden, Sun
Chemical, Inmont Flint Ink, Kohl and Madden, and Sinclair and
Valentine Division of Wheelabrator Frye) have 37 percent of all ink
manufacturing plants and 13 companies account for 51 percent of all
plants. A. breakdown of the number of plants falling into.size ranges
according to the number of employees is presented in Table III-l.
f
Table III-2 summarizes some pertinent - ink industry statistics as
outlined in the 1972 Census of Manufacturers. According to the
census, there were , 407 ink establishments in 1972, up from 360 a
decade earlier. Only 145 plants had over 20 employees. It should be
noted that the census did not poll single establishment companies with
less that ten employees, which represent a significant portion of the
industry. • '
11
-------
TABLE III-1
NUMBER OF PRODUCTION EMPLOYEES IN INK PLANTS (1976)
Number of
Employees
0-10
11-20
21 - 30
31 - 40
Hi - 50
51 - 60
61- 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
91 - 100
101 - 150
Over 150
No Data
Total
Number of Percent of
Plants Total
195
133
59
26
11
3
5
3
4
3 ]
9 ,'
4
2
46Q
42.4
28.9
12.8
5.7
3.0
0.7
1.1
0,7
0.9
0.7
2.0
0.9
0.4
100%
Source: DCP
12
-------
TABI£ III-2
INK INDUSTRY PROFILE
1972 Census of Manufacturers
Number of
Emoloyees
1-4.
5-9
10 - 19,
20-49
50 - 99
100 - 249
Over 250
Total,
Number of
Plants
79
. ; si
102
104
'21
17
: 3
407
Percent of
Plants
19.4
19.9
25.1
25.6
. 5.2
4.2
0.7
100%
Value of
Shinments
($ millions)
16.0
34.7
79.2
149.5
76.5
113.8
38.6
508.3
Percent of '
All Shipments
3.1
6.8
15.6
29.4
15.. 1
22.4
7.6
' 100%
Source: 1972 Department of Commerce Census of Manufacturers
13
-------
Ink Industry Sales ' . "
In 1972 the Census of Manufacturers estimated the total ink production
to be over one billion pounds valued at $508 million. The products
manufactured by the industry included letterpress inks (22 percent of
dollar sales), lithographic inks (31 percent), gravure inks (17
percent), flexographic inks (15 percent), and other printing inks (15
percent). The single largest product of the ink industry is black ink
for newspapers, which consists of finely ground carbon black in
mineral oil. This ink is generally sold in bulk at low prices, while
custom blended lightographic inks, frequently sold in batches (or
kits) as small as 2.2 kg (five pounds), can cost ten times as much per
unit weight. For a discussion on the types and properties of various
printing inks, the Printing Ink Handbook (4) published by N&PIM is
recommended.
Geographic Distribution of Ink Plants
The overall geographic distribution of ink plants is depicted in
Figure III-1 and on Table III-3. Table III-4 shows that ink plants
tend to be near population centers, due to transportation costs and
the need to be near customers. Five states (California, Illionois,
New Jersey, New York and Ohio) contain 194 plants or 42 percent of the
460 plants responding to the survey. Ten states have 65 percent of
all ink plants and 21 states have 89 percent of all plants. Large ink
plants tend to be concentrated in a relatively few states. Of the 130
ink plants with more than 20 employees, 52 percent are in just four
states (California, Illinois, New Jersey, and Ohio), and 96 percent
are in the 21 states listed on Table III-4. California, Illinois ,and
Ohio have significantly higher proportions of large ink plants than
expected relative to their total number of plants, while New York and
Florida have a lower number of such plants than proprotional.
Production volume by state for the majority of states was not itemized
by the Census Bureau because in many states one company accounts for a
large percentage of production value. Production value by state,
based on DCP data is also not presented, but California, Illinois, New
Jersey, New York, and Ohio, account for over half of the ink
manufactured in the United States.
14
-------
CO
•— — •
ce
s
to
-------
TABLE III-3
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INK PLANTS
Number of Plants
EPA Region
Region I
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Total
Region II
New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Total
Region III
Delaware
D.C.
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Virginia
West Virginia
Total
Region IV
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Total
Region V
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Total
Region VI
Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
Total
Region VII
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Total
Region VIII
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
Total
Region IX
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Total
Region X
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington
Total
Accumulative Total
Total ;
6
0
21 ;
2
1 .
0
30
- 39
34
0
0
73
0 .
1
9 ,
24
9 '
0
43
2
14
20
4
1
10
3
13
67 I
46
7
13
9 '
28
14
117
2
9 i
0 :
1
22
34 ;
3
1
16 !
2
22
5 '
0
0
0
3
0 . i.
8 : ;"
4 . •..
47 ,
2 .
0 :
53 '"
0
0
7
6 : -
13,
460
0-10
Employees
5
0
i 14
1
0
0
20
14
19
0
0
33
0
0
5
9
6
0
20
0
6
7
1
1
6
2
6
29
12
1 •
5
0
9
3
30
1
7
0
1
6
15
2 S
1
6
2
11
4
0
0
0
3
0
7"
3
21
2
0
26
0
0
2
2
4
195
10-20
Employees
1
0
3
0
1
0
S
10
9
0
0
19
0
0
2
6
2
0 • .
10
2
7
7
2
0
2
1
6
27
13
1
4
6'
- 6
7
37
1
2
0
0
11
• 14
1
0
5
0
6
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0 •
7
0
0
7
0
0
4
3
7
133
Over 30
Employees
0
0
• J 4
1
0
0_
. 5
15
.6
0
0
21
0
1
2
9
1
, „ 0
13
0
1
6
• 1
0
, 2
0
•*•
11 . .
20 .,
5
4
3
13
4
49
0
0
0
0
5_
5 . • • -
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
p_
0
0
19 .
0
0
19
0
0
1
1
2 ;
130
Not
Indicated
;
, 0 :
0
0
0 .
f 0 - ...
0 '•_'
0
0 '
0
0
0
0
0 '
0
0
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0
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0
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0
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o ;
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0
0
0 ,
0.
o;
0
0
0
0'
; '-0..
0
J.
0
0:
0
1
0
0
0
0
"o"
2
Source: DCP
16
-------
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17
-------
Organization of Ink Plants
Of the DCP respondents, 28 percent indicated that they were the only
manufacturing location for that company. Sixty-four percent of the
plants are branch plants of a multiple plant company and six percent
are divisions of a parent corporation. Less than two percent of the
plants are captive manufacturing sites which produce ink solely for
internal consumption. There are known to be approximately 100 captive
ink manufacturing sites, but to avoid duplication, these plants
received DCP's sent to the printing and publishing industry. Of the
plants responding that they were branch plants, divisions or captive
sites, almost 90 percent were set up as profit centers, while the
remainder were cost centers. Forty-two percent, or 103 plant sites,
are part of publicly held corporations and 54 percent, or 247 plants,
are privately held. The remaining four percent of the industry falls
under such other forms of organization as cooperative, partnerships,
proprietorships, or did not answer the question on company
organization.
Age Distribution of Ink Plants
Table III-5 breaks down the ink industry by the age of manufacturing
facility. Half of the plants are between six and 20 years old, and
the remaining plants are split almost equally into plants under six
years old or over 20 years old. A cross tabulation of plant age and
the number of employees (Appendix B) indicates that the plants with
over 20 employees tend to be older facilities than the plants with
under 20 employees.
Batch Sizes and Available Tankage
In the ink industry, the primary plant operation is, the blending of
various size batches of 'ink. Inks are often custom manufactured in
batch sizes as small as 2.2 kilograms (5 pounds). Newspaper ink is
commonly mass manufactured-continuously or in large batches. In the
DCP, plants were asked how many tubs they had in various sizes. Table
III-6 presents a summary of production tub sizes used in the ink
industry. EPA estimates the total available tankage for the industry
to be 11,000 tubs, as indicated on Table III-7. Half of the tankage in
the industry is less than 190 liters (50 gallons), .accounting for
about 12 percent of capacity. The majority of the industry's capacity
is in tubs of 950 to 1900 liters (251 to 500 gallons). Large ink
plants (those with over 20 employees) have approximately 50 percent of
all tubs, and over 60 percent of total industry capacity, although
they represent only 29 percent of all ink plants. '.
18
-------
Age
Less than 3 years
3-5 years
6- - 10 ye.ars
11 - 20 years
21 - 30 years
Over 30 years
Did not answer
Total
III-5
INK INDUSTRY BREAKDOWN BY AGE
Number of Plants
49
51
98
126
60
64
12.
460
Percent of Total
10.7
11.1
21.3
27.4
13.0
13.9
2.6
100%
Source: DCP
19
-------
TABLE III-6
NUMBER OF INK PLANTS WITH TUBS OF VARIOUS SIZES
Number of Tubs
Tub Size
Less than 5 gal.
6-10 gals.
10 - 50 gals.
51 - 100 gals.
101 - 250 gals.
251 - 500 gals.
501 - 1000 gals.
Over 1000 gals.
0
123
123
41
54
118
162
188
195
1-5
Number'
72
65
119
107
104
54
27
13
6-10
of Plants
45
45
94
96
45
12
4
2
11-20
Responding
46
31
78
61
20
11
6
1
21-50
9
7
30
17
10
6
0
1
Over 50
5
5
3
4
'0
2
0
Source: DCP
20
-------
TABLE III-7
TOTAL INK INDUSTRY TANKAGE
Tub Size
(gallons) Number of Tubs
Less than 5 gal.
6-10 gals.
11 - 50 gals.
51 - 100 gals.
101 - 250 gals.
251 - 500 gals.
501 - 1000 gals.
Over 1000 gals.
Total
1700 ;
1300
3400
2600
1100
600 ' :
200
100
11,000
Percent of
Total Capacity
1%
1%
10%
20%
20%
23%
15%
10%
100%
Percent of Tubs
In 132 Largest Plants*
30%
50%
50%
50%
60%
80%
60%
70%
*Plants with over 20 employees
Source: DCP
21
-------
Periods of Operation
The ink industry primarily functions on a one shift per day five day
per week basis. Eighty-one percent of the plants responding to the
DCP question concerned with -shift operation indicated that they
operate one shift per day, while 16 percent operate two shifts and
only 3 percent operate three shifts. Almost 94 percent of the plants
have eight-hour shifts, with the next most common shift lengths being
seven hours and ten hours (2 percent each). Over 96 percent of the
plants responding to the DCP operate five days per week, while 1
percent operate six days weekly and 2 percent indicate work weeks of
under four days.
Most ink plants operate approximately 250 days per year. Forty-eight
percent of the plants indicated that they work between 201 and 250
days per year and 44 percent Work between 251 and 300 days. Of those
giving the exact number of days, the four most common answers were
250, 253, 260, and 248 days per year. Three percent of the plants
operate less than 200 days per year, and 4 percent operate over 300
days.
Production characteristics
In the manufacture of inks, the three major ingredients, vehicles,
pigments, and dryers, are mixed thoroughly together to form an even
dispersion of pigments within the vehicle. The mixing is accomplished
with the use of high-speed mixers, ball mills, three-roll mills, sand
mills, shot mills, and/or colloid mills. ,
Most inks are made in a batch process in tubs ranging in sizes from 19
liters (five gallons) to over 3750 liters (1,000 gallons). The number
of steps needed to complete the manufacture of the ink depends upon
the dispersion characteristics of the ingredients. Most inks can be
completely manufactured in one or two steps since many of the pigments
used can be obtained predispersed in a paste or wetted form.
The pigments, vehicles, and additives are combined in calculated
amounts into a mixing tub then blended in the commonly used high-speed
vertical post mixers. The mixing speed used, determined by the nature
of the ingredients, can range from a few revolutions per minute to
several thousand revolutions per minute.
Many inks need additional dispersion to meet their formulation
specifications. This is accomplished through further milling
operations. A batch of ink may be put through the mills several times
before the required dispersion is reached.
22
-------
on total ink industry! production appeared earlier in this
Section. The following paragraphs discuss some of the production
characteristics, analyses, statistics, and interrelationships of this
data in more detail. Approximately half of the plants in the ink
industry specialize in either paste ink or liquid ink. The other half
produce both types of inks, with a wide variety of fractional, mix.
Table III-8 presents the data on production breakdown from all plants.
The "average" plant, based on the average mix of all plants, produces
65 percent paste ink, and about 35 percent liquid ink.
Ink manufacturers ' can also be classified by their percentages of
water-base ink and solvent-base or oil-base ink. Thirty-seven percent
of the ink plants responding to the survey produce 100 percent
solvent-base or oil-base ink, but only 3 percent of the plants produce
100 percent water-base ink. A breakdown of ink plants by the percent
of water, solvent or oil-base ink manufactured is presented in Table
III-9. The "average" plant produces approximately 60 percent oil-base
ink, 25 percent solvent-base ink and 15 percent water-base ink.
However, there are some differences Between plants that produce
exclusively solvent-base or oil-base ink and those that produce 100
percent water-base ink. These differences are depicted in Table III-
10. Plants making exclusively solvent-base or oil-base ink produce
mostly paste ink, while the plants dedicated to water-base ink
products manufacture primarily liquid inks. Both groups of
specialized plants are smaller in general than the industry average.
Water-base ink plants,, predictably rinse tubs with water more
frequently and use a higher percentage of their total water
consumption for this purpose. ,
*
Table III-11 summarizes the usage of organic and inorganic pigments in
ink. This is important because many inorganic pigments contain heavy
metals which are toxic pollutants. The survey data show that the
industry relies on inorganic pigments for approximately 40 percent of
total production, and organic pigments for 60 percent of production.
The data in
consistent.
Tables III-8, III-9 and 111-10 are not necessarily
This is because these tables ' represent responses to
several DCP questions which were not, answered consistently, nor were
the answers to these questions necessarily mutually exclusive.
Raw Materials
The responses to DCP questions concerned with raw materials indicates
that the production characteristic most strongly affecting the usage
of toxic pollutants is the percentage of solvent-base ink and water-
base ink production. To illustrate this trend for the industry as' a
whole, the percentage of solvent-base ink production was plotted
against the percentage of plants using common toxic pollutants or
classes of toxic pollutants (see Appendix D). For each plot, a least
23
-------
TABLE III-8
PRODUCTION BREAKDOWN OP INK PLANTS
Paste Ink Percent of
Production All . 5 lants
(Percent of
Production Volume)
0
1-10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81-90
91 - 99
100
Did not answer
Total
Average
13.0
2.4
5.9
4.3
3.3
9.6
3.3
2.8
3.0
3.5
8.3
38.7
2.0
100%
65%
Liquid Ink Percent of
Production All Plants
(Percent of
Production Volume)
0
1-10
11-20
21 - 30
31-40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
91 - 99
100
Did not answer
Total
Average
39.1
8.0
3.0
2.8
2.6'
6.5
7,2
3.3
4.8
4.3
2.2
12. 2
3_._9_
100%
35%
Source: DCP
24
-------
TABLE III-9
PRODUCTION BREAKDOWN OF INK PLANTS BY VEHICLE
Percent of Total
Ink Production
Water-Base
Ink
Solvent-Base
Ink
Oil- Base
- Ink
Percent of Responders
0
1-10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
•41 - 50
51 - 60
61-70
81 - 90
91 - 99
100
Did not answer
Total
Average
44.1
23.9
5.9
4.3
4.3
3.9
2.0
1.1
0.7
2.0
2.6
4.1
100%
15
48.0
7.0
3.3
4.1
4.6
10.0
" 2.6
2.4
3.0
2.8
4.8
5.0
100%
25
14.1
3.7
6.7
4.3
4.3
7.6
3.5
3.0
3.5
10.7
32.4
2.6
100%
60
Source: DCP
25
-------
O
H
H
H
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a
§
s s
ft) CM
H o
rH VQ
rtj <3"
<*>
o a) m
o 01 +J
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01 I rH
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01
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M
-------
111-11
COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PIGMENTS
USED IN INK PLANTS
Inorganic Pigment
Organic Pigment
Usage (Percent of
Production Volume)
0
1 -
11.
21
31..
41
-51
61
71
81
91
100
Did
•10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
-60
- 70
- 80
- 90
- 99
not answer
Total
Percent of
Plants
7.0
25.4
7.4 '
7.2
4.6
12.4
7.6
5-. 2
-4.1
4.1.,
3.7
3.0
a'. 3
100%
Usage (Percent of
Production Volume)
•0
1 -
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
31
.91
100
Did
• 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
-60
- 70
- 80
- 90
-99
•not answer
Total
Percent of
Plants .
4.1
5.7
6.5
5.7
5.0
15.0
3.7
5.4
7.4
7.6
21. -5
6.3
6.1
100%
Source: DCP
27
-------
squares fit was calculated. The results of these calculations (slopes
and correlation coefficients) are presented in Table 111-12. For all
but one major toxic pollutant, the slope of the best fit line is
positive, indicating that the overall trend is for greater toxic
pollutant usage with increased solvent-base ink production. The
statistical validity of the fit was better for some of the toxic
pollutants than for others as reflected in the higher R2 or
correlation coefficient. As can be seen from Table 111-12,
comparatively good fits were obtained for phenol, zinc, and lead.
28
-------
TABLE 111-12
SLOPES AND CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS
FOR PLOTS OF PERCENT TOXIC POLLUTANT USAGE
VERSUS
PERCENT SOLVENT BASE INK PRODUCTION
Toxic
Pollutant
Dichlorobenzidene
Cyanide
Zinc
Chromium
Chlorinated Organic
Solvents
Lead
Phthalates
Toluene
Phenol
Percent Solvent Base
Ink Production
Slope
.12
' .004
.42
.064
-.12
.50
.21
.38
.43
R2
.14
.00008
.67
.016
.04
.64
.13
.27
.46
Source: DCP
29
-------
-------
SECTION IV
INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
INTRODUCTION
EPA considered the following factors in determining whether
differences within the ink industry might require separate
limitations.
1. Raw materials and products
2. Production methods
3., Size and age of production facilities
4. Wastewater characteristics
5. Tank or tub cleaning techniques
RATIONALE FOR SUBCATEGORIZATION •
The Agency has concluded that tank or tub cleaning techniques offer an
appropriate basis for subcategorization of the ink industry. The
following two subcategories have been chosen.
1. Solvent-wash (solvent-base solvent-wash)
2. Caustic and/or water-wash
RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
Solvents, resins, extenders, pigments, and dispersing agents generally
are similar for all ink products, except for the use of solvent or
water as the dispersing medium. Raw materials and products are,
therefore, not a basis for subcategorization, except as they influence
tank or tub cleaning techniques.
PRODUCTION METHODS
Both solvent-base and water-base inks can be made in the same factory,
with many of the same raw materials and in much of the same equipment.
Some solvent-base pigments may be dispersed in roll or ball mills
before blending into the dispersed calcium carbonate, talcs, and
clays; these mills are generally not used for water-base inks.
Because the production methods for all inks are quite similar, they
are not a basis for subcategorization;
31
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SIZE AND AGE OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES
This study showed that the size of production facilities affects only
the volume of wastewater; the characteristics of the wastes are
similar regardless of plant size. Because the ink manufacturing
process equipment has not changed appreciably over the years, the age
of the plant has little bearing on the waste characteristics.
Therefore, neither size nor age of ink production facilities appear to
be a valid basis for subcategorization.
WASTEWATER CONSTITUENTS • ' *
The untreated wastewaters generated by ink manufacturing operations
contain a fairly diverse mixture of pollutants. These pollutants
range from oxygen demand and solids to various toxic pollutants. Both
water-base and solvent-base ink manufacturing wastewaters contain
substantial quantities of these pollutants. No specific segment of
the industry has a significantly different quality of wastewater.
Consequently, wastewater constituents do not provide a good basis for
subcategoriz ation.
TUB CLEANING TECHNIQUES
The ink industry commonly uses three specific methods of ink tub
cleaning. These cleaning methods include: (1) solvent-wash; (2)
caustic-wash; and (3) water-wash^ Solvent-wash is used exclusively to
clean tubs used for formulating solvent-based and oil-based ink. When
solvent-washing is used, essentially no wastewater is discharged.
Caustic-wash techniques are used to clean both solvent-base and water-
base ink manufacturing tanks. Water-washing techniques also are used
in both the solvent-base and water-base segments of the ink industry.
For solvent-base operations, water-washing usually only follows
caustic-washing of solvent-base tanks. For water-base operations,
water-washes often constitute the only tub cleaning operation. It
should be noted, however, that periodic caustic cleaning of water-base
ink tubs is also a common practice.
The treatability and disposal options for wastewater generated by
water-wash and caustic-wash operations are essentially the same.
Rinse waters generated following caustic-wash are sometimes less
concentrated than exclusively water rinse generated wastewaters,
although the pollutants contained in these two types of wastewater are
similar. Consequently, the methods of treatment and disposal are
alike. Furthermore, the quantity of wastewater generated by caustic-
wash operations is not greater than that generated by water-wash
techniques.
32
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On the other hand, solvent-wash .operations create significantly
different waste1 streams. As a result, tub cleaning techniques appear
to be a workable basis for subcategorization.
33
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-------
SECTION V
WATER USE AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
WATER USE
Water usage by ink plants responding to the DCP is shown on Table V-l.
Based on these results EPA estimates daily water usage for the total
industry between 3.7 and 21.6 million liters (1.1 -5.7 mgd), with the
most likely average falling between 7.6 and 11.4 million liters per
day (2— 3 mgd). Previous EPA studies of the ^ink industry have
developed little data on water consumption, therefore no comparisons
of historical data can be presented.
Water usage data for all ink plants also indicates that the highest
proportion of water use is for cooling (50 percent), sanitary (27
percent), and product (9 percent). Other uses include boiler feed
water (5 percent), tank and equipment cleaning (7 percent), air
pollution control (1 percent), and miscellaneous (1 percent). The
percentage of water used for various purposes does not differ
substantially between small plants and large plants, as illustrated on
Table V-2.
WASTEWATER SOURCES
Tub and Equipment Cleaning
Process wastewater from ink manufacturing plants results ^primarily
from the rinsing of mixing tanks, roller mills and other equipment
used for ink manufacture. Some additional wastewater may be
contributed by floor and spill cleaning, laboratory and plant sinks,
boiler and cooling water blowdown, air pollution control devices using
water, and cleanout of raw material supply tank cars or trucks. Many
ink plants segregate noncontact cooling water and sanitary wastewater
for discharge to the sewer with no pretreatment.
Ink manufacture involves three basic steps; mixing of raw materials,
milling, if required, and , filling and packaging. In many plants,
filling is done directly from the mill and no additional equipment is
contacted by ink except some hand tools. Mixing tubs can be rinsed
with either water, caustic, solvent, cleaned by dry methods, or by
some combination of methods. Water rinses usually follow water-base
ink' batches, solvent rinses follow solvent or oil-base ink batches and
caustic rinses follow either. Many plants routinely use caustic
rinsing for small portable tubs and clean fixed tubs with caustic only
when heavy build up of ink residue makes it necessary. The methods of
tub rinsing practiced by ink plants according to DCP responses are
presented on Table V-3.
35
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TABLE V-l
TOTAL WATER USAGE BY THE INK INDUSTRY
Water Consumption
0 - 10,000 GPD
10,000 - 20,000 GPD
20,000 - 30,000 GPD
30,000 - 50,000 GPD
50,000 - 100,000 GPD
Over 10,000 GPD
Not Answered
Source: DCP
Number of Plants
376
: 32
13
. i 6
6
0
27
Percent of Total
81.7
7.0
2.8
1.3
1.3
0
5.9
36
-------
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-------
TABLE V^3
METHODS OF TUB CLEANING USED BY INK PLANTS
Rinsing Method
Water Rinse only*
Solvent Rinse only*
Caustic Rinse or Soak only*
Dry Cleaning Only
Water and Caustic Rinse*
Water and Solvent Rinse*
Solvent and Caustic Rinse*
Water, Solvent and Caustic*
Not Answered
Total Using
Water Rinse
Solvent Rinse
Caustic Rinse
Caustic Soak
Dry Clean Up
Number of Plants
15
176
56
25
; 43
; 64
32
36
; • • 13
158
308
; , HI
'.' 85
106
Percent of Total
3.3
38.3
'. 12.2
5.4
9.3
13.9
7.0
7.8
2.3
34.3
67.0
24.1
18. 5
23.0
*With or without dry cleaning of tanks
Source: DCP
38
-------
Solvent rinsing of ~ solvent-base or oil-base ink tubs ord±n.3.r±ly
generates no wastewater. The dirty solvent generally is handled in
one of three ways:
1.
2.
3.
used in the next compatible batch
vehicle;
of ink as part of the
collected and redistilled, either by the plant or by
outside contractor for.subsequent resale or reuse; and
an
reused with or without settling to clean tubs and equipment
until spent, and then drummed off for disposal. If sludge is
settled out it is also drummed off for disposal by contract
hauling.
Wastewater generated by rinsing tubs or equipment used for
manufacturing water-base ink is usually handled in one of four ways:
1. reused in the next, compatible batch of water-base ink as part
of the vehicle;
2. reused either with or without treatment to clean tubs and
equipment until spent. If sludge is settled out it is
disposed by contract hauling;
3. discharged with or without treatment as wastewater; and
4. disposed of by contract hauling.
Plants using caustic rinse or washing s'ystems usually rinse the
caustic residue with water, although a few plants allow the caustic
solution to evaporate in the tubs. There are several types of caustic
systems commonly used by the ink industry. For periodic cleaning of
fixed tubs two methods are most popular:
1. maintaining the 'caustic in a holding tank (usually heated)
and pumping through fixed piping or flexible hose to the tub
to be cleaned. often a portable hood is placed over that
tub, with nozzles to direct the spray. The caustic is
returned to the holding tank; and
2. preparing the caustic solution in the tub to be cleaned, and
soaking the tub until clean. The caustic solution is either
transferred to the next tub to be cleaned, stored in drums or
a tank for subsequent use, or is discarded.
For cleaning small portable tubs three common methods are used by
ink industry:
the
39
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1. pumping caustic from a holding tank (usually heated) to
nozzles in a fixed or portable hood which is placed over the
tub to be cleaned. The.caustic drains to a floor drain or
sump and is pumped back to the tank, or is pumped back
directly from the tub;
2. maintaining an open top caustic holding tank. Small tubs are
put into "strainers" and dipped into these tanks until clean;
and
3. placing the tubs in a "diswasher-like" device which
circulates hot caustic and a subsequent water rinse. These
devices can handle tubs up to about 1900 liters (500 gal).
The water rinse following a caustic-wash is rarely reused in a
subsequent batch of ink. The most common methods for disposal of this
rinse are:
1.
2.
3.
recycling it back into the caustic as make-up water;
drumming it for contract hauling;
discharging it as wastewater, with or without pretreatment.
Combination with other wastewater prior to treatment or
disposal is sometimes practiced. Discharge of this
wastewater is currently prohibited by some states and
municipalities and may be prohibited in other areas in the
future; and
discharge as a wastewater, with or without
other plant wastewaters or pretreatment.
combination with
Most caustic using plants recycle the caustic solution until it loses
some of its cleaning ability. The caustic is then disposed of either
by contract hauling or as a wastewater, with or without neutralization
or other treatment. In .the DCP, plants using caustic rinsing were
asked to indicate whether their system was a closed loop system (all
of the water rinse is used as caustic make-up) , partial recycle, or
open (no reuse of the water rinse), There was some confusion among
responders regarding the definitions of the three terms. Sixty-five
plants responded that they had a closed loop system. Telephone and
field contact with a sample of these plants showed that while all of
the plants recycled their caustic solution, few were able to recycle
a'll of their water rinse. At least one manufacturer in the United
States makes a true closed loop caustic system, but it is not widely
used by the ink industry. Twenty-one plants responding to the survey
recycled part of their caustic irinse water and 68 plants indicated no
recycle of rinse water.
40
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Ps.gen.cy asked plants responding to the DCP to indicate how many
gallons of water were used to clean tubs of various sizes. The
results are presented in Table V-4, for that section of the industry
indicating the use of water to clean tubs. For all tub sizes listed,
the majority of plants used less than 38 liters (10 gal) to clean a
tub after a batch of ink. The percentage of plants requiring over 38
liters (10 gal) to clean a mixing tub increases as expected, as the
size of the tub increases. For tubs between 950 and 1900 liters (251
to 500 gal) the Agency estimates that the average water usage for
cleaning falls between 45 and 114 liters (12 and 30 gal) with the most
likely average between 57 and 76 liters (15 to 20 gal).
The amount of water generated by tub cleaning is influenced by the
water pressure used. A cross-tabulation of water pressure by volume
of water for each range of tub size is presented in Appendix C. These
tables indicate some correlation between the two variables; plants
with high pressure rinses tend to generate less tub cleaning
wastewater per batch of ink.
Other Pollutant Sources
Beyond process wastewater generated from tub and equipment cleaning,
there are other sources of pollutants within the typical ink plant.
These wastewater streams must be considered in any water management
schemes developed for the ink industry. The following are the most
common sources of potentially contaminated wastewater found at ink
manufacturing facilities, other than those discussed in the preceding
section:
1. bad or spoiled ink batches which are not reworked or disposed
of by contract hauling;
2. residue from spills,: which are discharged to the sewer or
combined with other wastewater;
3. contaminated storm Water runoff;
4. wastewater from cleaning tank trucks delivering raw
materials;
5. wastewater from plant or laboratory sinks used for rinsing
hand equipment coated with ink or for disposal of small
quantities of ink;
steam condensaite from steam injection distillation
solvents used to clean ink tubs;
contact water from air pollution control devices; and
of
41
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TABLE V-4
AMOUNT OF WATER USED TO CLEAN AN INK TUB
Water Used Per Tub Cleaning
Tub Size
1-50 gal.
0-5 gal.
85.0
60.3
44.4
30.5
. 41.2
.. 65.4
, 75.0
6-10 gal.
10.0
26.7
29.6
• 24.4
23.5
3.8
_.
11-50 gal
Percent of
5.0
11.2
: 23.1
; 40.2
23.5
: 7-7
10.0
51-100 gal. Over 100 gal.
Plants Responding*
_
1.7
1.9 0.9
4.9
7.3 3.9
19.2 , 3.8
5.0 10.0
Total
100%
100
100
100
100
100
100
*0nly plants indicating the use of a water rinse were considered (158 plants)
Source: DCP
42
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8. was-tewater from tine laundering of rags
clean ink tubs or equipment.
which
were
used to
Other_ wastewater sources which do not contact the ink but which may
contain conventional or nonconventional pollutants, such as BOD or
TSS, include:
1. sanitary wastewater;
2. noncontact cooling water;
3. boiler blowdown; and '
4. noncontact steam condensate
The DCP asked plants to indicate which of these wastewater sources
were combined with tub cleaning wastewater before disposal. The three
most common answers were sanitary wastewater, noncontact cooling
water, and laboratory wastewater. As with water usage, sanitary
wastewater and cooling water account for over 75 percent ,of the total
wastewater stream at most ink plants, with tub cleaning, wastes and
boiler blowdown making the next largest contribution. Table V-5
presents the number of plants which generate various miscellaneous
sources of wastewater.
WASTEWATER VOLUME
According to the DCP responses, the ink industry generates about
150,000 liters (40,000 gallons) of wastewater daily. Only 75 percent
or 112,500 liters (30,000 gallons), as reported in the DCP responses
actually is discharged, , the remaining fraction being reused,
evaporated or disposed of by contract hauling.
As is the typical trend in the ink industry, a few large plants
generate most of the wastewater, while the many small plants account
for just a few percent of the total flow. A follow-up-with several
larger ink plants, conducted by NAPIM, indicated that those plants
contacted had overestimated the volume of wastewater discharged
indicated on their DCP responses. NAPIM has stated that based on
their follow-up, the total ink industry discharge should be adjusted
to about 92,000 liters (24,300 gallons) daily.
Table V-6 presents the amount of process wastewater generated by all
ink plants as reported in the DCP responses. Process wastewater for
this study was defined as only that wastewater that has an opportunity
to contact ink solids, such as tub wash water, caustic-wash rinse
water, and floor wash water. Other wastewaters such as sanitary or
noncontact cooling water were not considered part of the process
43
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TABLE V-5
OTHER POLLUTION SOURCES
Number of Plants
Source Responding
Wet Scrubbers
Boiler Slowdown or Cleaning j
Laboratory :
Steam Condensate ;
Solvent is Redistilled on Site ;
By Steam Injection ;
Distillation
10
11
21
5
2
0
Percent of
All Plants
2
2
5
1
1
0
Spent Caustic is Discharged to i
Sanitary Sewer 43
Spent Solvent is Discharged to '
Sanitary Sewer . 26
Source: DCP
-------
TABLE V-6
WASTEWATER GENERATION BY THE INK INDUSTRY
All Plants
Plants Using a Water Rinse
Wastewater i ,
Generated
0
1 - 100
101 - 250
251 - 500
500 - 750 ;
751 •- 1,000
Over 1,000*
Not Answered
Total
Number of
Plants
,171
'171
33
12
6
5
12
50_
460
Percent of
Total
37.2
37.2
7.2
2.6
I
1.3
1.1
2.6
10.9
100.0
Number of
Plants
12
97
23
\
7 »
5
, 1
7
j T,i
158
Percent of
. Total
7.6
61.4
14.6
'-4.4
3.2
0.6
4.4
3.8
100.0
*Follow-up by NAPIM with this group of plants indicated that some
responders included non-contact cooling water.
Source: DCP
45
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wastewater stream, although a few plants may have mistakenly included
these flows in their totals indicated on the DCP.
The most important factors affecting the volume of process wastewater
generated and discharged at ink plants is the amount of solvent-base
or oil-base ink versus water-ba-se ink produced, and whether solvent
rinsing or caustic rinsing of solvent-base ink is utilized. Table V-7
compares wastewater generation volumes between plants producing only
water-base ink and plants producing solvent-base ink exclusively. As
the table shows, most of the plants that generate no wastewater
produce only solvent-base ink.
The volume of process wastewater discharged by the ink industry as a
whole is shown on Table V-8.: Fifty-two percent (237 plants) of the
industry discharges no wastewater. Of plants that utilize a water
rinse for cleaning tubs, 57 plants, (36 percent) practice "no
discharge." Even among plants that produce 100 percent water-base ink
(Table V-9), four plants (33 percent) discharge no wastewater. Of
plants producing 100 percent oil-base or solvent-base ink, 87 plants
(51 percent) discharge no wastewater. Of the plants that discharge
wastewater (Table V-8), 84 plants (18 percent of the industry)
discharge less than 380 liters per day (100 gpd) .
WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION
The Agency assembled historical analytical data on the occurrence of
conventional, nonconventional, and toxic pollutants in wastewater from
the ink industry from the following sources:
1. the National Field Investigation Center - Denver (NFIC-D)
Report (1975) (1) ;
2. historical data attached to DCP responses; and
3. municipalities and EPA regional offices.
Unfortunately, much of the historical data represents ink process
wastewater combined with other wastewater sources, such as cooling
water or sanitary wastewater, in undetermined ratios. Virtually all
of the data obtained from municipalities and from the DCP's are in
this form. These data are not directly comparable with sampling data
from segregated ink process wastewater. The sources of historical
analytical data are discussed in the following paragraphs.
In February 1975, NFIC published a Draft Develop.ment_ Document for
Proposed Effluent Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for
the Paint and Ink Formulation Industries.
-------
TAKLE V-7
VOLUME OF WASTEWATER GENERATED BY INK PLANTS
PRODUCING ONLY WATER-BASE, OIL-BASE,
OR SOLVENT-BASE INK
Wastewater , Plants Producing 100% Plants Producing 100% Oil-Base or
Generated Water- Base Ink Solvent-Base Ink
(gpd) Number of Plants Percent
0 . 1 8.3
1 - 100 6 50.0
101 - 250 -
251 - 500 3 25.0
501 - 750 1 . 8.3
751 - 1,000 -
Over 1,000 ' _ : - -
Not Answered 1 8. 3
Total 12 100.0
Number of Plants Percent
93
37
7
2
-
2
2
63
206
54.4
21.6
4.1
1,2
-
1.2
1.2
13.7
100.0
Source: DCP
47
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TABLE V-8
WASTEWATER DISCHARGE BY THE INK INDUSTRY
All Plants
giants Using Water Rinse
Wastewater Number of
Discharged Plants
0
1 - 100
101 - 250
251 - 500
501 - 750
751 - 1,000
Over 1,000*
Not Answered
Total
237
84
32
10
5
5
11
76
460
Percent of
Total
: 51.5
; is.3
7.0
2.2
1.1
1.1
i
2.4
16.5
100.0
Number of
Plants
57
47
21
8
2
1
7
15
158
Percent of
Total
36.1
29.7
13.3
5.1
1.3
0.6
4.4
' 9.5
100.0
*Follow-up by NAPIM with this group of plants indicated that some
responders overestimated their discharge volume.
Source: DCP
48
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TABLE V-9
VOLUME OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGED BY INK PLANTS
PRODUCING ONLY WATER-BASE, OIL-BASE
OR SOLVENT-BASE INKS
Wastewater Plants Producing 100% Plants Producing 100% Oil— Base
Discharged Water-Base Ink or Solvent-Base Ink
(gpd) Number of Percent of
Plants Total
0 4 .; 33.3
1-100 4 33.3
101 - 250 - -
251 - 500 3 25.0
501 - 750
751 - 1,000 . • - '
Over 1,000 - -
Not Answered 1 8.3
Total 12 , 100.0
Number of
Plants
87
25
6
3
3
1
2
44
171
Percent of
Total
50.9
19.7
2.5
1.8
1.8
0,6
1.2
25.7
100.0
Source: DCP
49
-------
This report was based, in part, on analytical data collected by the
NFIC-Denver staff. This report served as the basis of the July 1975
Development Document recommending no discharge for the two
subcategories, solvent-base/solvent-wash paint and solvent-
base/solvent-wash ink. These regulations were subsequently
promulgated for direct discharge plants only. The NFIC researched the
untreated wastewater discharge of ink manufacturing sites in the
Oakland, California area using the files of the East Bay Municipal
Utilities District (EBMUD) ! '
These results are presented in Table V-10. Some of EBMUD samples,
however, appear to be from ink wastewater combined with other plant
wastewater streams. To supplement these data, the NFIC collected two
grab samples of the rinse from ; a caustic-washer. The results are
found in Table v-11. For most parameters, the data from the two grab
samples are at least an order of magnitude higher than the data from
the EBMUD files. ! .
Approximately 15 plants attached historical analytical data on
wastewater discharged from their plants to their DCP*s. All of the
data characterized ink process wastewater combined with other
wastewater streams. Consequently, none of the data submitted with the
surveys is applicable.
SAMPLING DATA
Appendix H presents analytical data for conventional, nonconventional,
and toxic pollutants from each I of six ink plants where samples were
collected during this study. ;The six selected plants covered a broad
range of ink production. Some of the production characteristics of
these plants, and their wastewater sources and treatment methods are
presented in Tables V-12 and V-13. Three of the six plants treated
wastewater prior to discharge, but only Plant 22 had sufficient
wastewater volume to warrant sampling of both treated and untreated
wastex^ater. Only untreated wastewater and intake water samples were
collected at the other five plants. The information in Table V-12
came from interviews of plant personnel during plant visits
supplemented by data from the DCP. The toxic pollutants that were
potentially present in the raw . materials from each ink plant are
listed in Table V-14. This table was based on an analysis of the raw
materials survey in the ink industry DCP.
A ^ummary of the characteristics of untreated and treated wastewater,
and tap water from the sampled;ink plants is presented in Tables V-15
to V-17. Section VI discusses this information and its relationship
to the raw materials survey. These tables summarize the number of
times each conventional, nonconventional and toxic pollutant was
analyzed for, the number of times each organic toxic pollutant was
detected, and the number of times each was detected above 10 ug/1
50
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-------
TABLE V-ll
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION FROM AN INK TUB WASHER
THAT RECYCLES THE WASH WATER (1) ,
(October 15-18, 1973)
Pollutant
Concentration
(mg/1)
COD
TOG
Total Suspended Solids
pH ;
Metals
59,500
32,000
31,600
12.5 (2)
Barium
Total Chromium
Cadmium
Iron '
Lead
Zinc
Copper
Titanium \ '
6.7
150
0.29
134
760
4.9
6.4
1 !
(1) Survey conducted by NFT.C-D; daily production 18,400 Ib/day
(average of data from two grab samples).
(2) Value reported as standard units.
[
Source: NFID-D Report |
52
-------
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(inorganic toxic pollutants and nonconventional pollutants had
different detection limits, ranging from 0.5 ug/1 to 2000 ug/1). The
average (mean), median, minimum, and maximum values also are
indicated. For many parameters in ink wastewaters, the average .value
is significantly higher than ,the median value. This is caused,
partly, by the batch nature of;ink manufacture. The infrequent use of
any particular pigment containing a high level of a toxic pollutant
may result in a large number of wastewater batches with a relatively
low concentration of that pollutant, and a few wastewater batches with
high levels. These high levels will proportionately influence the
calculation of the average, and have a small effect on the computation
of the median. In the tables that follow, pollutants which were never
detected are not listed.
Table V-15 indicates the average untreated wastewater characteristics
from the ink industry. A total of 60 toxic pollutants were detected
at any level in one or more samples although only 10 toxic pollutants
were measured at above 10 'ug/1 (or above their specific reported
detection limit in the case of:metals) in 50 percent or more of the
samples. They were:
TOKJC Pollutant
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Toluene
Zinc
Cyanide
Tetrachloroethylene
Methylene Chlorine
Benzene
Trichloroethylene
- Percent of time measured
above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metals)
100%
100%
100%
• 75%
73%
70%
63%
63%
63%
50%
An additional 12 toxic ' . pollutants (chlorobenzene, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, chloroform, ethylbenzene,
naphthalene, phenol, di (2-ethylh'exyl)/ phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate,
antimony, cadmium, and mercury) measured above 10 - ug/1 (or the
specific detection limit) in 25 to 50 percent of all samples.
i „
I . • • I- . ••• "• •„ .M
A summary of wastewater characteristics from one ink plant after
treatment is presented in Table V-16. Pollutant removal calculations
will be presented in Section VII, A total of 32 toxic pollutants were
reported in one or more treated ink effluent samples at any level.
Only fifteen toxic pollutants measured above 10 ug/1 (or above their
specific reported detected limit in the case of metals) in 50 percent
or more of the samples. These were:
62
-------
_Toxic Pollutant
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Methylene Chloride
Toluene- ,
Cyanide
Zinc . • _ ' .:
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Phenol
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Phenanthrene :
Percent of time measured
above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metals)
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
To properly gauge the effect of intake water on toxic pollutant
occurrence, tap water was sampled at each ink plant. These data are
presented in Table V-17. A total of 41 toxic pollutants were detected
at any level- in one or more samples. However, 18 of these were
organic toxic pollutants that ^never measured above 10 ug/1. Only ten
.toxic pollutants measured over 10 ug/1 (or their specific detection
limzt) in 25 percent or more of the samples. These were:
Toxic Pollutant
Methylene Chloride
chromium
Copper
Lead ' -. • :
Benzene ;
Chloroform
Dichlorobromomethane
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Mercury .
Zinc
Mass Loadings ; ;
Percent of time measured
above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metals^
88%
75%
75%
75%
50%
50%
38%
38%,
33%
25%
As discussed previously in .this section, according to DCP responses,
the ink industry generates approximately 0.15 million liters (0.04
million gallons) of process wastewater daily, of which 0.113 million
liters (30,000 gallons) is discharged. Table V-18 indicates the mass
63
-------
TABLE V-18
PARAMETER
UNTREATED WASTEWATER
MASS LOADING
AVERAGE
CONCENTRATION
KG/DAY
LBS/DAY
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS;
i
BOD(MG-L) i
TOTAL SUSP* SOLIDS(MG-L) I
TOTAL CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS
NON-CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS :
COD(MG-L)
TOC(MG-L) ;
OIL & GREASE(MG-L)
TOTAL SOLIDS(MG-L)
TOTAL DISS, SOLIDS(MG-L)
TOTAL VOLATILE SOLIDS(MG-L) \
VOLATILE DISS. SOLIDS(MG-L)!
TOTAL VOL. SUS. SOLIDS(MG-L')
ALUMINUM [
BARIUM
IRON :
MANGANESE
CALCIUM(MG-L) I
MAGNESIUM(MG-L) !
BORON :
COBALT
MOLYBDENUM
TIN
TITANIUM i
VANADIUM
YTTRIUM
SODIUM i
TOTAL NON-CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS-
METAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS i
114
115
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
CYANIDE
LEAD
MERCURY
NICKEL
SELENIUM
SILVER
THALLIUM
ZINC
19804
991
1890,0 KG/DA Y<
39819
9874
622
11351
11244
10870
11882
341
40926
19792
29454
505
962
93
553
396
55990
349
1479
131
156
2559
8810 KG/DAY
613
384
8
44
35271
17138
161
151009
131
261
384
8
371
4080
1796*
90*
4160,0 LBS/HAY)
3611.
895.
56,
1029.
1020,
986,
1077,
31.
3,711
1 . 795
2,671
0.046
87 .
8.
0.050
0.036
5.077
0.032
0.134
0.012
0.014
0.232
( 19400 LBS/DAY)
0.056
0.035
0.001
0.004
3.198
: 1.554
0,015
13,694
0,012
0.024
0.035
0.001
0,034
0,370
(3959, ' )
( 198, )
,
(7961, )
<1974, )
( 124. )
(2269, )
(2248, )
(2173, )
(2375. )
( ' 68. )
( 8.182)
( 3.957)
( 5,888)
( 0,101)
( 192, )
( 19, )
( 0,111)
( 0,079)
( 11.194)
( 0.070)
( 0.296)
( 0,026)
( 0,031)
( 0.512)
( 0.123)
( 0.077)
( 0,002)
( 0,009)
( 7,051)
( 3,426)
( 0 , 032 )
( 30.190)
( 0,026)
( 0.052)
( 0,077)
( 0,002)
( 0,074)
( 0,816)
TOTAL METAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
19,0 KG/DAY( 42.0 LBS/DAY)
64
-------
TABLE V-1S
' PP PARAMETER
ORGANIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
4 BENZENE
6 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
7 CHLOROBENZENE
10 li-2-niCHLORQETHANE
11 irljl-TRICHLOROETHANE
23 CHLOROFORM ,
29 If1-DICHLORQETHYLENE
38 ETHYLBENZENE,
44 METHYLENE CHLORIDE
51 CHLORQDIBROMOMETHANE
54 ISOPHORONE
55 NAPHTHALENE
64 PENTACHLORQPHENOL
65 PHENOL . '' .
TOTAL PHENOLS
66 DK2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE:
68 ni-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
69 DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
70 DIETHYL PHTHALATE
78 ANTHRACENE
85 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
, 86 TOLUENE
87 TRICHLOROETHYLENE
TOTAL ORGANIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
UNTREATED WASTEWATER
MASS LOADING
AVERAGE PERCENT
CONC. OCCUR.
368
96
278
89
560
37
15
4151
950
43
44000
16
' 655
121
235
12520
188
3600
25
12
1250
1617
1841
75
12
25
25
25
50
37
37
62
12
12
50
25
62
87
75
12
12
37
' 62
87
50
KG/DAY
LBS/DAY
0.025 (
0.001 <
0.006 (
0 . 002 (
0.013 (
0,002 <
0,001 <
0,139 (
0.053 (
0.000 (
0.479 (
0,001 <
0,015 (
0,007 (
0 , 021 (
0,988 <
0.013 (
0,039 <
0,000 <
0,000 <
0,070 (
0.128 <
0.083 (
0.055)
0.002)
0.014)
0.004)
0.028)
0.004)
0.001)
0.307)
0.118)
0.001)
1.056)
0.002)
0.033)
0,015)
0,047)
2.178)
0.028)
0.086)
,0,001)
0,001)
0,155)
,0,281)
0.184)
2.2 KG/DAY( 4.8 LBS/DAY)
POLLUTANTS PRESENT AT LESS THAN 0.001 KG/DAY ARE NOT LISTED
AVERAGE CONCENTRATION IN UG/L UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
65
-------
loading from the ink industry for each conventional, nonconventional
and toxic pollutant, based on an industry flow of 0.092 million liters
(24,000 gallons) daily, and the average untreated wastewater
characteristics from Table V-15. The effluent flow of 92,000 liters
daily reflects comments made by NAPIM concerning the DCP responses to
wastewater flow questions.
The ink industry discharges approximately 1900 kg/day (4200 Ib/day) of
conventional pollutants (BOD and TSS). The discharge of
nonconventional pollutants is 8800 kg/day (19,400 Ib/day); that of
inorganic toxic pollutants is 19 kg/day (42 Ib/day). The industry
also discharges approximately 2.2 kg/day (4.8 Ib/day) of organic
pollutants. It should be noted, however, that different pollutant
classes may count the same!materials more than once. For example,
some organic or inorganic toxic pollutants may be detected and counted
by the analysis for BOD, COD, and/or solids,
I : . ' ' :
Resampling , '-.'•.
I !'
Most of the ink industry sampling was conducted between September 1977
and January 1978. During that |time span EPA contract laboratories
were badly overloaded, and consequently some of the samples were not
extracted promptly, and some of the samples were not analyzed within
the recommended time limitsJ To ascertain whether the subsequent
analyses were accurate, the Agency chose two plants for resampling.
During September 1978, one sample of untreated and treated wastewater
and tap water was taken from one plant and untreated wastewater and
tap water was taken from the second plant to compare with the old
data. The untreated wastewater comparisons for conventional and toxic
pollutants for these plants |aire presented in Table V-19. Both
samplings showed general agreement for the presence or abscence of
most organic toxic pollutants,; although there was often a large
difference in the quantitative value indicated. This is caused partly
by the batch nature of ink manufacture and wastewater treatment, and
partly by the essentially random selection of batches approximately
one year apart. The inorganic toxic pollutants showed tendences
similar to the organics* . i
66
-------
TABLE V-19 .
RESULTS OF RESAMPLING AT TWO PLANTS
(One Year Interval)
Plant No. • . ;
Batch , '
/ Conventional Pollutants ::
• ' pH
BOD (mg/1) 27,
TSS (mg/1) 1,
Inorganic Toxic Pollutants: !,
114 Antimony ' 1,
115 Arsenic :. , L
117 Beryllium L
118 ' Cadmium
119 Chromium 115,
120 Copper
121 Cyanide
122 Lead 120,
123 Mercury , '
124 Nickel . , ' L,
125 * Selenium L
•126 Silver ' L
127 Thallium L
128 Zinc ,3,
Organic Toxic Pollutants '
1 Acenaphthene • •
4 Benzene
6 Carbon tetrachloride •
7 Chlorobenzene . •• '
8 l,2,4-Trichloroben2:ene
10 1,2-Dichloroethane
11 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
13 1,1-Dichloroethane
21 1,4,6-Trichlorophenol
22 Parachlorometa Crestol
23 Chloroform
25 1,2-Dichlorobenzene ' '}
29 1,1-Dichloroethylene
30 1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene . •
32 1,2-Dichloropropane
.34 2,4-Dimethylphenol.
35 2,4rDinitrotoluene
36 2 , 6-Dinitrotoluene ' '
37 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
38 Ethylbenzene
39 Fluoranthene
42 Di (2-rchloroisopropyl) Ether ,
44 Methylene Chloride
49 Trichlorofluoromethane
51 Chlorodibromome thane
54 Isophorone
55 Naphthalene
62 N-nitrosodiphenylamine '
64 Pentachlorophenol
65 Phenol
66 Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
67 Butyl benzyl Phthalate
68 Di-N-butyl Phthalate
70 Diethyl Phthalate
71 . Dimethyl, Phthalate ' j
72 1,2-Benzanthracene i.
78 Anthracene ;
80 Fluorene
81 Phenanthrene L
84 Pyrene
85 Tetrachloroethylene 2,
86 Toluene
37 Trichloroethylene 2,
90 Dieldrin
A
8.5
500
155
275
25
10
30
000
600
91
000 '
39
50
25
10
10
000
-
45
96~
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-- -
-
-
-
-
1
. - .1
-
-
-
- .
ND
- ,
•-
-
23
• -
-
510
• -
260
25
-,
-
-
-
10 . -
-
900
-
300
'-
7
L
L
' L
L
L
L
L
L
L
I,
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
• L
L
L
L
, "L
L
L
- L
L
, ' 1
L
L
B
6
9,900
2,100
2,000
2,000
1
19
3,690 *
3,120
1
14,100
1
1 65 '
2,000
4
2,000
2,550
10
10
-
27
10
169
1,000 .
33
.
10
19
10
10
10
22
10
10
10
10
,254
10
10
2,900
10
'-
•
10
10
-
10
10
ND
10
ND
10
_
10
ND
ND
10
3,100
6,000
5,000
10
22
A
13 - .
21,000
1,600
L 25
L 25 .
L 10
90 -
10,000 v
10,000
330 . ,
90,000
. L 5
L 50
L 25
L ' 10
L 10
1,000
.
-
.'
—
-
-
L 10
"
-
-
_
L 10
_
_
_
-
-
_
7,600
•
•
-
ND
_
- - .
44,000
ND
-
-
L . 10 .
L 10
-
. ND '
' -
-
'
.
.
ND
' -
_ .
L 10 ,.
-
- ' •
B
NR
NR
NR
L 2,000
L 2,000
L 10
160.
38,100
62,800
,NR
150,000
NR
2,410
L 2,000
L 10
.L 2,000
2,530.
. ND
220
_
' 530
_
-
"
,
L 10
•
ND
_
_
, _
_
ND
_
.. _
6,700
_
_
• 45
_
43
ND
17
'
L 10
, -
L 10
L 10
L 10 •
_
L 10
. L . 10
ND
L 10
_
22
3,000
-
A - First sample, fall 1977; B - Resampling, fall 1978.
All results are for untreated wastewater and are in ug/1 unless'otherwise noted.
Notes:
Blanks or ND indicate not detected; NR indicates not run; L - less than.
Organic Toxic pollutants not listed indicate not detected or less than 10 for all six plants.
67
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-------
SECTION VI
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the BAT review of the ink industry is to evaluate the
occurrence and impact of toxic pollutants in the untreated, treated,
and sludge streams generated within ink plants. The list of toxic
pollutants, which represents1 the focus of the program, was developed
as a result of the Settlement Agreement, Appendix A of the Settlement
Agreement lists 65 classes of pollutants to be considered in the BAT
revision for 21 industries, which EPA later expanded to 129 particular
compounds. Appendix E presents 129 pollutants which represent the
toxic, or,"priority", pollutants addressed in this study.
The BAT review also included the evaluation of conventional and
selected nonconventional pollutant parameters. The conventional
parameters included in the study were pH, BOD, oil and grease, and
total suspended solids (TSS). Nonconventional parameters included
COD, and TOC. : . ..-'•' '
In addition, a number of other nonconventional parameters were
evaluated on an incidental basis either because their analysis had
been included in ICP (Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma) multiple metal
analysis (see Appendix I for a detailed explanation of this method) or
because the parameter is an important element in ink manufacture or
physical-chemical treatment of ink wastewater. These, additional
pollutants included aluminum, barium, boron, calcium, 'cobalt, iron,
magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and
yttrium. ' ,
This section presents the techniques^used to identify toxic pollutants
in the ink industry. ' -
METHODOLOGY !
Prior to the various EPA studies of, the ink industry, relatively
little historical data had been developed for toxic pollutants. Some
limited analyses of inorganic toxic pollutants had been completed^ but
for the most part historical data focused on conventional and
nonconventional pollutants. The Agency established a three-step
methodology to develop toxic pollutant data:
1. raw materials evaluation;
2. industry wide raw materials survey; and
3. screening sampling.
69
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Raw Materials Evaluation ;
By studying the raw materials jof the industry, EPA was able to
establish information about the distribution of toxic pollutants in
ink waste streams. This is a consequence of the way ink products are
produced and ink wastewater is generated.
i ''•.. • •'
Ink is generally manufactured by blending raw materials; consequently,
no thermodynamic changes occur (except for occasional heat of
solution) and no by-products } are formed. Instead, ink is made
according to a predetermined; formula or recipe without chemical
reaction or change. Similarly, ink plant wastewater is generally
produced in a straightforward way. When required, production tubs and
other manufacturing vessels ate washed clean of residue or clingage,
using water, caustic or solvent. The spent cleaning material thus
becomes laden with the material cleaned out. of the tank, which, in
turn, is composed of the raw materials making up the ink product.
Determining the possible toxic pollutants in the waste streams is thus
a matter of pinpointing the raw materials and toxic pollutants used in
manufacturing ink.
There are four primary sources of ink industry raw materials
information: ;
1. The National Paint and! Coatings Association (NPCA)
Raw Material Indexes (26, 27, 28) ;
2. Information supplied by raw materials vendors;
3. The Colour Index (9) ; [and
4. The National Printing jink Research Institute (NPIRI)
Raw Materials Handbook (7, 8)
i ,.-•;., I
The Agency identified 39 toxic| ,pollutants as constituents of raw
materials used in ink manufacture. Table VI-1 lists those toxic
pollutants that were identified;, and their occurrence in ink raw
materials. '•
i "• '
Raw Materials Survey
The next step in ascertaining the extent of toxic pollutants in the
ink industry was a survey of the industry to determine the use of
specific raw materials associated with specific toxic pollutants.
Section G, Raw Materials, of the Data Collection Portfolio (DCP) was
designed to obtain this information and was organized-according to the
four broad areas of raw materials used in ink manufacture:
Pigments and Dyes, Flushes and Dispersions;
Chemical Specialties;
Resins; and :
Solvents
70
-------
' TABLE VI-1
OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
IN INK RAW MATERIALS
Toxic Pollutant
Antimony ,
Cadmium
Copper
.Chromium
Lead
Nickel : ,
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Pigments
& Dyes
X
X
''X
X
x
X
X
X
, ' X
Occurrence in Raw Materials
Chemical . '
Specialties Resins Solvents
X
X
J X
x.
Phenols •' • :
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene ! ,
Isophordne
di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Butylbenzyl Phthalate
di-N-Butyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
3-3' Dichlorobenzidine
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Methyl Chloride •
Methylene Chloride
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride, :
Vinylidine Chloride
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Chlorobenzene ,
1,3-Dichloropropylene
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Pentachlorophenol
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
di-(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Sources: 7,8,9,26,27,28
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-71
-------
Raw materials within these |areas were grouped according to the
occurrence of toxic pollutarits. For example, all plasticizers
containing diethyl phthalate, or all green aqueous dispersions
containing chromium used in ink were grouped. Within each generic raw
material designation, EPA listed the major manufacturers1 trade names
as an aid to respondents who 'might not be familiar with the chemical
constituents of the raw materials in their products. Space also was
provided so that respondents could indicate additional trade names for
toxic pollutant-bearing raw materials used in their products.
The criteria for including raw materials in the DCP were:
1. The raw material itself is a solvent such as benzene,
toluene or chemical specialties such as di-n-butyl phthalate
or asbestos. |
2. The raw material is known to contain toxic pollutants, i..e.,
white lead, zinc oxide, chrome orange, etc.
3. The raw material is commonly thinned with, or contains, toxic
pollutants that are solvents, i.e., polyamids soluble in, or
containing, toluene.
4. The raw material is synthesized from other raw materiails that
are toxic pollutants, ii.e., dichlorobenzidine-derived aqueous
dispersions. \
Although for the last item listed above (raw materials synthesized
from toxic pollutants) there is no firm evidence that the toxic
pollutant is present in the raw material, these raw; materials were
included because of the possible carry over of small residues of the
toxic pollutant.
Responses to the DCP indicated;that 32 toxic pollutants identified in
the literature review are tised at one time or another in the ink
industry. Since many of the raw materials included in the DCP can
contain more than one toxic pollutant, the Agency was unable to obtain
unambiguous counts for the occurrence of particular toxic pollutants.
A conservative approach was taken because of this. When the DCP
response did not indicate clearly which toxic pollutant was in use,
the Agency made two counts - pne including neither, one including
both. This gave a maximum'and minimum count for toxic pollutants.
Fifteen plants did not check any boxes in the survey. It is not clear
whether these responders use none of the listed raw materials or
whether they did not fill out the questionnaire completely.
The range of plants using raw materials containing particular toxic
pollutants appears in Table VI-r,2. The most common toxic pollutants
72
-------
found in ink raw materials are chromium, lead, toluene and phenol.
Thirty-two of these toxic pollutants were indicated by at least one
plant. Eight of the raw materials containing toxic pollutants were
used by more than 100 plants, and 16 raw materials were used by at
least 30 plants.
Sampling Program - „
EPA designed the sampling program to generate information that could
characterize the nature, distribution, and concentration of toxic
pollutants in ink wastewater. Further, the sampling program aimed to
gather information about the efficiency of common end-of-pipe
treatment systems, not only to remove toxic pollutants, but to reduce
the concentration of classical pollutants. Detailed information on
sampling and analytical procedures used and specific data on samples
collected are included in Appendix F.
In selecting sites for sampling, the Agency looked for ink
manufacturing plants that were representative not only of industry
production methods and product "lines, but also of wastewater genera-
tion and treatment techniques. The following criteria were used in
the selection process: ,
Plant Location |.
The logistics and costs of the anticipated sampling program required
EPA to arrange multiple sampling visits within concentrated industrial
zones. Table VI-3 summarizes the distribution of ink plants in major
metropolitan areas.- Ink plants located within these areas were given
preference in the selection process. -
Plant Size
Although very small plants outnumber others in the ink industry, the
Agency decided not to sample at plants with less than ten production
workers. The rationale for;this decision was based on the fact that
these ink plant operations do not differ significantly from the ink"
industry as a whole. Because ink manufacture is a batch process,
using relatively small mixing vessels, small plants duplicate large
plant operations precisely, differing only in scale. Plant inspection
visits confirmed this. ,
73.
-------
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANTS FOUND IN RAW MATERIALS
USED BY THE INK INDUSTRY
Responders Indicating Usage of Raw Materials Containing
Specific ToxieJBoll-nltants
Toxic Minimum
Pollutant No. of Plants
Antimony
Cadmium
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Phenol
Mercury
Pentachlorophenol
Vinyl Chloride
3,3 -Dichlorobenzid ine
Di-2 Ethylhexyl Phthalate
Di-N-butyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Isophorone
Carbon Tetrachloride
1/1/1 Trichloroe thane
1,1,2 Trichloroethane
Chloroform
1/2 Dichlorobenzene
Methylene Chloride
Tri chloroe thy lene
Methyl Chloride
Tetrachloroe thy lene
4
92
10
325
256
3
2
59
151
188
' 2 ',
8
193
393
i24
129
;26
134 '
J15
• i 9
225
33
;30
1
41
1
; i
i
:i3
32
; *
;14
Maximum
Percent No. of Plants Percent
2.9
20
2.2
70.7
55.7
0.7
0.
12.8
32.8
40.9
0.4
1.7
20.2
85.4
27.0
28.0
5.7
7.4
3.3
2.0
48.9
7.2
6.5
0.2
8.9
0.2
0.2
0.2,
2-8
7.0
*
3.0
50
93
354
377
400
268
2
277
159
222
2
8
93
393
124
129
26
34
15
9
253
33
30
1
41
1
1
1
13
67,
86
14
10.9
20.2
77.0
82.0
87.0
58.3
0.4
60.2
34.6
48.3
0.4
1.7
20.2
85.4
27.0
28.0
5.7
7.4
3.3
2.0
55.0
7.2
6.5
0.2
8.9
0.2
0.2
0.2
2.8
14.6
18.7
3.0
*Minimum usage of methyl chloride could not be determined.
Source: DCP
74
-------
TABLE VI-3
DISTRIBUTION OF INK PLANTS IN MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS
Metropolitan
' Area
New Yor k / New Jer s ey
Ghidago -
Los Angeles
Atlanta ', , .
San Francisco
Dallas
Cleveland
St. Louis
Miami
Detroit
Houston .
Louisville
Number of
Ink Plants
40
44
31
'. 18
15
14
11
10
7
6
4
4
Source: DCP
75
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Wastewater Treatment
I ' *
EPA made every effort to choose plants that operated end~of-pipe pipe
wastewater treatment systems, and that encompassed all existing
wastewater treatment types. Untreated wastewater loads at these
plants were expected to be equivalent to untreated wastewater loads at
similar plants without treatment. ;
A significant proportion (51 percent) of the DCP respondents indicated
that they did not discharge any wastewater. These plants^ fit into
several categories, including: plants using only solvent-wash, plants
practicing complete wastewater reuse, and plants contract hauling all
wastewater or spent caustic.; Other plants indicated that they
produced or discharged very little wastewater. As a result, in order
for a plant to be selected for 'sampling, it would have to generate a
reasonable volume of wastewater^.
Some plants indicated that they had taken samples of their wastewater
over a period of time, thus developing background on wastewater
quality. Because this historical data could supply important
substantiation, EPA tried to sa:mple at these plants.
Toxic Pollutants ; .....:
As previously stated, a goal of the raw materials survey was to
provide information about the idistribution of toxic pollutants in ink
wastewaters. The. survey established that 39 of the 129 toxic
pollutants could be expected to occur at one time or another in ink
wastewater. Consequently, in choosing sampling plants, the Agency
tried to select operations that utilized raw materials containing a
maximum number of toxic pollutants.
Direct Dischargers
EPA knew from the outset that practically no ink plants discharged
process wastewaters; nevertheless, the Agency hoped to sample at least
a few direct dischargers. Unfortunately, no ink plants discharging to
navigable waters were located. \ •
Selection of Sampling Sites :
The sampling plant selection was accomplished in a step fashion.
Initially, plants were selected if they had indicated on their
questionnaires that they treat or condition their wastewater in some
way before disposal. This selection yielded a preliminary list
containing 23 ink plants. ;A supplementary selection of plants
treating their wastewater before reuse yielded an additional 13
preliminary sampling site candidates.
76
-------
Al-fclx>ugh the total of 35 sampling candidates derived from the above
selection criteria would appear to have been sufficient for the
purpose of selecting ink sampling plants-/ when the list was presented
to NAPIM for their review and comments, several deficiencies were
discovered. Perhaps the most serious drawback to the list was the
tact that it did;not adequately encompass the five major types of
printing ink manufacturing plants: '
Exclusively paste ink >
\ - Paste ink plus water flexo
Liquid inks, mostly solvent
Heterogeneous (broad paste and liquid product mix)
Specialty (e.g., screen processes)
Additionally, it was suggested that the sampling program be limited
only to those ink plants with more than twenty employees. As a result
of these industry comments and suggestions, NAPIM volunteered to
submit an alternate list of ink sampling plant candidates based on
factors considered important by the industry, as well as including the
five categories and having twenty or more employees. After extensive
review, the NAPIM sampling list was eventually adopted as the basis
for screening sampling. The list did not reflect either the
geographic distribution of ink plants or the various types of end-of-
pipe treatment in the industry. EPA concluded however, that the NAPIM
list was at least as representative as the initial list and, in some
respects, was more appropriate. : . - -
TOXIC POLLUTANTS , , ' '.- .
EPA grouped the toxic pollutants covered in this study according to
the following components:: , • ,
Pesticides;
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) ;
Phenolic Compounds;
- Volatile Organic Compounds;
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds; and
Inorganic Compoxmds : •••.>'
The basis for this breakdown is chemical similarities and methods of
analysis within each group. Each group's impact on ink wastewater is
discussed in the following sections.
• •• ,. '" ' ' f • '•' •
Pesticides and Metabolites .
, - • aldrin '••'..'; ' • . ...'•• . ' '< . . . ....
dieldrin • ;
chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)
4,4« - DDT ,
77
-------
4,4» - DDE (p,p'DDX) .
4,4« - ODD (p,p«TDE)
a-endosulfan <: .
b-endosulfan '
endosulfan sulfate ,
endrin :
endrin aldehyde ;
heptachlor : ' ,
heptachlor epoxide
a-BHC (hexachlorocylohexane)
b-BHC (hexachlorocylohexane) .
c-BHC (hexachlorocylohexane)
d-BHC (hexachlorocylohexane)
toxaphene
Pesticides are not part of any raw materials used in ink manufacture.
Occasional use of these materials in some ink plants for fumigation
purposes has been reported. All occurrences of pesticides in ink
wastewater samples were at less than 10 ug/1. Out of eight raw ink
wastewater samples analyzed for pesticides, only dieldrin was found
once at less than 10 ug/1. Two other pesticides, a-BHC and c-BHC,
occurred at less than 10 ug/1 once each in a tap water sample.
PCB'S . ; " .
None of the PCB mixtures included in the toxic pollutant listings were
detected in any sample analyzed during this study. The raw materials
evaluation similarly did not uncover any use of these materials in ink
manufacture. However, it should be noted that specific PCB compounds
may nevertheless be present in ink wastewaters. ;
The PCB's on the toxic pollutant list are actually mixtures of various
PCB compounds ranging from monochlorobiphenyl to octochloroblphenyl.
As such, a positive identification of a PCB would require observation
of a predetermined set of gas chromatogram . peaks with appropriate
relative intensities. However, various PCB's are formed during the
synthesis of two types of pigments commonly used in ink manufacture:
diarylide and phthalocyanine pigments. In Appendix E of the Dry Color
Manufacturers Association comments regarding proposed rules for their
industry (24), the following evaluation of PCB compounds in diarylide
and phthalocyanine pigments was presented.
! - • ' ' " '
"For diarylide pigments, 'the source of the PCB's is 3,3'-
dichlorbenzidene (sic), or its reaction product, which may undergo
cleavage at the (biphenyl) carbon-to,-nitrogen linkage to yield 3,3'
dichlorbiphenyl (sic). Indeed> this has been identified as the PCB
present in diarylide pigments. In the case of phthalocyanine the
source of PCB is the trichlorbenzene (sic)(TCB) which has for many
years been used as the solvent in the synthesis of the crude. TCB is
78
-------
not -the only solvent which may be used, but it is the solvent which
has been most widely used historically. It is believed that PCB's
form by the elimination of hydrogen chloride, in the presence of
copper, between two molecules of TCB. In the case of phthalocyanine
blue, many different PCB's are present, since TCB is not a chemically
pure material, and contains\some amounts of dichloro and tetrachloro
as well as trichlorobenzenes, and isqmers of each in addition."v
Phenolic Compounds
phenol
2-chlorophenol
2 , 4-dich1oropheno1
p-chlorometa cresol
2,4-dimethylphenol
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2- ni,tr ophenol
4-nitrophenol
2,4-dinitrophenol
4,6-dinitr0-0-cresol
pentachlorophenol (PCP)
total phenols
Only one phenolic toxic pollutant is used directly as a raw material
in ink manufacture. That compound is pentachlorophenol (PCP) which is
used, as a preservative in some ink formulations. Approximately 1.7
percent of the respondents to the Data,Collection Portfolio indicated
that they used PCP. 'Other phenolic toxic pollutant compounds are not
directly used in ink manufacture, but some occurrence of these
materials was expected by virtue of the approximately 45 percent of
the industry using phenolic resins.
PCP occurred in two of eight ink .untreated wastewater samples (range,
less than 10 .to 1300 ug/1). Phenol also occurred frequently in ink
wastewaters. Found in five of eight samples, untreated wastewater
levels ranged from less than 10 to 536 ug/1. A single phenol
measurement of 18 ug/1 was reported in a treated effluent sample.
Three other . * phenolic compounds, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4,6-
trichlorophenol and parachlorometacresol were found once in untreated
wastewater samples at less than 10 ug/1. 2,4-dichlorophenol was found
"in one effluent sample, cilso at less than 10 ug/i.
Total phenols occurred frequently in all waste samples analyzed during
the screening program. Raw wastewater total phenol ranged from less
than 1 mg/1 to 700 mg/1 with an average of 235 mg/1. Treated effluent
total phenol ran from 30 mg/1 to 400 mg/1 with an average of 215 mg/1.
Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants
Halomethane s
bromoform (tribromomethane) _
carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
chloroform (trichlorqmethane) ,
chlorodibromomethane I
79
-------
dichlorodifluoromethane ,
dichlorobromomethane ; -
methyl bromide (bromomethane)
methyl chloride (chloromethane)
methylene chloride (dichlorOmethane)
trichlorofluoromethane j
Halomethanes, consisting of methane molecules with one or more
hydrogen replaced by a halogeh (chlorine, bromine, etc.) are used_as
solvents, aerosol propellants op for medicinal purposes. In the ink
industry, only four of these pollutants, carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform, methyl chloride, and methylene chloride were found to be
raw materials (used as solvents;).
Although only 0.2 percent of the DCP respondents indicated that they
use chloroform, four of eight untreated wastewater samples were found
to contain it (range, less than 10 to 110 ug/1; median, 14 ug/1)-.
This is partially explained by the fact that nearly all (six of ei
-------
ctiloroetliane :
Three of the six chlorinated ethanes which are primarily used as
solvents were identified as being used in ink manufacture. The
responses to the Data Collection Portfolio indicated that 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and lrl,2-trichloroethane are used
at 8.9 percent, 0.2 percent and 0.2 percent.of all ink manufacturing
.sites, respectively. Occurrence of these chlorinated ethanes in
analyzed samples roughly followed this trend- 1,1,1-trichloroethane
was detected in two of eight untreated wastewater samples (median, 560
ug/1). A single tap water sample contained 1,1,1-trichloroethane at
less than 10 ug/1.
1,2-dichloroethane was detected in two of eight untreated wastewater
samples (median, 89 ug/1), and in one of eight tap water samples at
less than 10 ug/1. Similarly, 1,1-dichloroethane was found in two of
the nine untreated wastewater samples (median, 21 ug/1) but it was not
detected, in any tap water sample. The only other occurrences of a
chlorinated ethane were a single detection at less than 10 ug/1 of
1,1,2-trichloroethane in a untreated wastewater,sample and a single
occurrence of 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane in a single tap water sample,
also at less than 10 ug/1.. The remaining chlorinated ethanes were
absent from any analyzed sample.
Aromatic Solvents •"'.-.•'
benzene ,
toluene (methylbenzene)
ethylbenzene r
The three aromatic solvents designated as toxic pollutants are common
raw materials used throughout ;the ink industry, although some are used
more extensively than others. These materials are not only used in
ink formulations and as cutting solvents for resins used in ink, but
also as a solvent for clean up. v
Roughly 50 percent of all Data Collection Portfolio respondents
indicated on the raw^materials survey that they use toluene or toluene
containing raw materials in their plants. The median toluene
concentration in untreated wastes analyzed for aromatic solvents was
580 ug/1. The range was less than 10 ug/1 to 6,000 ug/1. In total,
seven of eight untreated wastewater samples contained toluene. Four
of eight tap water samples contained toluene (range: less than 10 to
21 ug/1; median, less than 10 ug/1) and a single treated effluent
sample contained 1,100 ug/1 of toluene.
Ethylbenzene, used by 7.2 percent of the DCP respondents, was found in
more than one-third of the untreated wastewater samples (median, 5,500
81
-------
ug/1) and in one treated effluent samples (2,400 ug/1) but not in any
tap water samples. i
Benzene is not a frequently utilized aromatic solvent with only 2.0
percent of the DCP respondents indicating it on the raw materials
survey. However, six of eight ^untreated wastewater samples were found
to contain the solvent. The median untreated wastewater level was 132
ug/1 with a range of less than 10 to 1,600 ug/1. Five of eight tap
water samples contained this solvent (range, less than 10 to 135 ug/1;
median, 40 ug/1), and it was f|ound in a treated wastewater sample (96
ug/1) .
Chloroalkyl Ethers
di (chloromethyl) ether ;
2-chloroethyl vinyl ether ;
These two materials which are used in pharmaceutical manufacture are
not used in the ink industry,; nor were they detected in any cinalyzed
sample. I -
Dichloropropane and Dichloropropene
1,2-dichloropropane ; • ;
1,3-dichloropropylene ;
i
Neither of these two solvents which are used as dry cleaning agents or
soil fumigants were identified as raw materials used in the ink
industry. However, 1,2-dichloropropane 'was found in one untreated
wastewater sample at 22 ug/1, but not in any other analyzed sample.
Chlorinated Ethylenes
vinyl chloride • '
1,1-dichloroethylene 1
1,2-trans-dichloroethylene|
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene „ . .
Tetrachloroethylene is a common solvent used as a degreaser or dry
cleaning fluid. Identified by 3.0 percent of the DCP respondents as
in use at their plants, five of eight untreated wastewater samples
contained tetrachloroethylene, (median, 170 ug/1). No tap water or
treated effluent samples contained the solvent.
Trichloroethylene is used by alpout 10 percent of the DCP respondents.
Pour of eight untreated wastewater samples were found to contain the
solvent (median, 1,172 ug/1) and two tap water samples contained it
both times at less than 10 ug/1. Although not identified as an ink
82
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raw material, 1,2-trans-dichloroet.hylene was found in one untreated
wastewater sample at less than 10 ug/1 but not in any other analyzed
sample. Similarly, 1,1-dichloroethylene which is not an ink raw
material was found in ink untreated wastewater. Three of eight
untreated wastewater samples contained 1,1-dichloroethylene (range,
less than 10 to 25 ug/1; median, less than 10 ug/1)- NO tap water or
treated effluent samples contained this solvent.
Vinyl chloride was expected to occur in ink wastewater by virtue of
the fact that about 20 percent of the DCP respondents indicated that
they use polyvinylchloride (pyc) resins. Although vinyl chloride is
the monomer used in polymerization of PVC, no ink wastewater samples
were found to contain this toxic pollutant.
Miscellaneous Volatile Organics
acrolein
acrylonitrile
chlorobenzene
Neither acrolein nor acrylonitrile were identified as raw materials
used in the ink industry. Both of these pollutants were found: to be
absent from any analyzed samples.
Chlorobenzene is a chemical intermediate used in production of phenol,
aniline and DDT. Although not used as an ink raw material,
chlorobenzene was found in two of eight untreated wastewater samples
(27 and 530 ug/1) but not in any other analyzed samples.
Semi-Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants
Polynuclear Aromatics (PNA*s)
acenaphthene
acenaphthylene
anthracene
1, 2-benzanthracene
3,4-benzofluoranthene
11,12-benzofluoranthene
3,4-benzopyrene
1,12-benzoperylene ;
crysene
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
fluorene
fluoranthene ;
indeno-(1,2,3-cd) pyrene -
naphthalene
phenanthrene , '.....
pyrene ;
83
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With the exception of naphthalene, no significant incidence of
polynuclear aromatics was found in ink wastewater nor are any of these
materials used as raw materials in the industry.
Naphthalene was detected in four of eight untreated wastewater samples
(range: less than 10 ug/1 t6 23 ug/1; median: 15 ug/1). Similarly,
both effluent samples contained naphthalene (less than 10 and 110
ug/1) and it was found in one tap water sample at less than 10 ug/1.
The following PNA's occurred once in ink untreated wastewater at less
than 10 ug/1: acenaphthene„ chrysene, fluorene, and pyrene.
Phenanthrene and fluoranthene occurred twice at less than 10 ug/1 in
untreated wastewater. Phenanthrene, acenaphthene, anthracene,
fluorene, and 3,4-benzofluorajfithene all occurred once in tap water at
less than 10 ug/1. Single treated wastewater samples contained less
than 10 ug/1 of acenaphthene, 1,2 benzanthracene and anthracene.
Phenanthrene was measured in one effluent sample at 12 ug/1. Finally
anthracene was found in three of eight untreated wastewater samples
(range: less than 10 to 16 ug/1) .
'
Chlorobenzenes ,
1,2-dichlorobenzene
1,3-dichlorobenzene
1,4-dichlorobenzene ;
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene ; ----,.:-
hexachlorobenzene j
No DCP respondent indicated usk of any of the chlorobenzenes listed
above. Two of the chlorobenzenes occurred in ink raw waterwater:
1,2-dichlorobenzene twice and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene once, always at
less than 10 ug/1. 1,2-dichlorobenzene occurred once in tap water, at
less than 10 ug/1. One tap; water sample also contained 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene at below the detection limit. :
Phthalate Esters \
f i
di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalatje
butyl benzyl phthalate
di-n-butyl phthalate |
di-n-octyl phthalate ;
diethyl phthalate
dimethyl phthalate i •
Phthalate esters are synthetic compounds used primarily as
plasticizers. In the ink industry, several phthalate esters were
indicated as in use by varying percentages of DCP respondents: di (2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate, 27 percent; di-n-butyl phthalate, 20 percent;
84
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pYvthalate, 5.7 percent; diethyl phthalate, 7.4 percent. All
of the phthalate ester toxic pollutants were detected at least once
.during the screening sampling program. As indicated by the DCP
responses, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate
occurred most frequently in ink wastewater. The first of these, di
(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found in seven of eight untreated waste
samples (range, less than 10 ug/1 to 87,000 ug/1). Di (2-ethylhexyl)
was also found in both treated effluent samples (less than 10 and 19
ug/1) and in four of eight tap water samples (range: Less than 10 to
164 ug/1; median: 47 ug/1).
Di-n-butyl phthalate was found in six of eight untreated wastewater
samples. The concentration range in these samples was between less
than 10 ug/1 to 770 ug/1. Both treated wastewater samples contained
di-n-butyl phthalate at less than 10 ug/1. Four of eight tap water
samples contained di-n-butyl phthalate, both also at less than 10
ug/1. Four other phthalate esters occurred in ink untreated
wastewater: butyl benzyl phthalate (once at less than 10 ug/1)
dimethyl phthalate (once at less than 10 ug/1), and diethyl phthalate
(once at 25 ug/1). A relatively high measurement for di-n-octyl
phthalate of 3,600 ug/1 in a single untreated wastewater sample was
reported.
Di-n-octyl phthalate was found in one effluent sample at less than 10
ug/1 and diethyl phthalate was detected in one tap water sample, also
at less than 10 ug/1.
Since automatic samplers were used at roughly half of the plants where
samples were collected, phthalate ester contamination is a
possibility. However, phthalate esters were present in grab samples
which did not come into contact with any material that might leach a
phthalate ester contaminant. ;
Haloethers •
di (2-chloroethyl) ether ! . -
di (2-chloroisopropyl) ether
di (2-chloroethoxy) methane
4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
i
The haloethers are synthetically produced chemical intermediates that
are sometimes used as solvents. None of the haloethers were
identified as in use as raw materials in the ink industry. Single
occurrences at less than 10 ug/1 of di (2-chloroisopropyl) ether and
di (2-chloroethyoxy) methane were found in raw and treated
wastewaters, respectively. 4-chloroephenyl phenyl ether was measured
in one tap water s.ample at 40 ug/1.
85
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Nitrosamines
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine > :
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
No incidence of nitrosamine tdxic pollutants in ink raw materials has
been found in the literature. 'N-nitrosodiphenylamine was found once
at less than 10 ug/1 in a untreated wastewater sample. No other
incidence of a nitrosamine in an analyzed sample was reported.
i . . , ,
I
Nitro-Substituted Aromatics Other than Phenols
••-•"••• -—• -' - ' • "" "~ - Tf -I...... i....- --. i
nitrobenzene 1
2,4-dinitrotoluene ! '
2,6-dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluenes are chemical intermediates used in the production of
TNT. No evidence of the use o£ these compounds in ink manufacture was
found during the raw materials evaluations. However, both
nitrotoluenes were found once in untreated wastewater samples at less
than 10 ug/1. A single treated effluent sample contained 2,4-
dinitrotoluene at less than 10iug/1.
material nor was it
Nitrobenzene was not identified as an ink raw
detected in any analyzed sample»
Benzidine Compounds • \
benzidine
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine ;
Benzidine compounds are used primarily in the manufacture of dyes.
Benzidine itself was not identified as an ink raw material nor was it
detected in any samples.! However, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, was
identified as a raw material used in the manufacture of many pigments
and dyes used in ink. Additionally, about 85 percent of the DCP
respondents said they use dichlorobenzidine derived dyes pr pigments.
Although it was suspected jbhat this material might carry over as a
contaminant in pigments or dyes used in ink, it was only found in one
treated effluent sample at less than 10 ug/1.
Miscellaneous Semi-Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants
- - p- ••
1,2 diphenylhydrazine | ;
hexachloroethane i
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2-chloronaphthalene l
86
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2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
These materials are used primarily as solvents or chemical
intermediates. TCDD is a by-product produced during the synthesis of
the pesticide 2,4,5-T. Of the miscellaneous semi-volatile organics,
only one, isophorone was identified as in use in ink manufacturing
operations. Used as a solvent, 6.5 percent of the DCP respondents
indicated isophorone on the raw materials survey, Isophorone was
found in one of eight untreated wastewater samples (14,000 ug/1), one
of two treated effluent samples (46 ug/1) and in one of eight tap
water samples at below 10 ug/1.
Although not identified as a raw material, 1,2 diphenylhydrazine was
found in two untreated wastewater samples (less than 10 and 7,600
ug/1).
Inorganic Toxic Pollutants
antimony
arsenic
asbestos
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
copper
cyanide
lead ;
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
No asbestbs or asbestos containing raw materials were identified as in
use in any ink manufacturing plant. Coupled with the high costs of
asbestos analysis, no samples were collected or analyzed for asbestos.
Four inorganic toxic pollutants, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc were
found to be both contained in commonly used raw materials and to occur
at relatively high concentrations in ink wastewater. For each of
these toxic .pollutants, average untreated wastewater concentrations
were above 1,000 ug/1. The average antimony concentration in
untreated wastewater was about ;600 ug/1.
Some of the remaining inorganic toxic pollutants are contained in
common ink raw materials, but none of the untreated wastewater samples
were found to contain average concentrations greater than 400 ug/1 for
any of these pollutants.
Conventional Pollutant Parameters
Four conventional pollutant parameters (BOD, TSS, oil and grease, and
pH) were measured in ink wastewaters collected during the sampling
program. BOD concentrations averaged 19,800 mg/1 in untreated ink
87
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wastewaters and 2,600 mg/1 ! in treated wastewaters. For TSS, the
average untreated wastewater and. treated wastewater concentrations
were 990 mg/1 and 970 mg/1, respectively. The average oil and grease
concentration was 622 mg/1 while the median pH value in untreated ink
wastewater samples was 9. j
Nonconventional Pollutant Parameters
;
Among the nonconventional pollutant parameters analyzed during the
screening program, a number of materials and reagents used in ink
manufacture and ink wastewater treatment were measured. Elements
found in ink wastewater treatment that were measured included
aluminum, calcium, iron and sodium. Average untreated wastewater
concentrations for these elements ranged between 2.6 and 962 mg/1.
Other inorganic nonconventional pollutant average influent
concentrations ranged between'130 ug/1 to a high of 93 mg/1 for
magnesium. COD was measured at 39,800 mg/1 in untreated ink
wastewaters and 5800 mg/1 in treated wastewaters.
88
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SECTION VII
•NTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
_Tjie_jna-jorityf of ink plants that discharge wastewater discharge to
municipal sewage systems. Frequently, ink process wastewater is
diluted before discharge with cooling water, sanitary wastewater or
other waste streams. Gejie^ai^jke-O^^
of ink
-to-pEfefcreat their_wastewater_,^an-d f.e.w plantg__have
IN-PLANT WASTEWATER CONTROL STRATEGIES
Ink plants use two general strategies to reduce the amount of
wastewater discharged to the environment. The first is to reduce the
amount of wastewater generated, and the second to reuse as much
wastewater as possible within plant processes. The amount of
wastewater generated is influenced by the water pressure used for tub
and equipment cleaning, the degree of cleaning required, and the use
of dry cleaning techniques. Some of these factors have been discussed
in Section V (see Table V-4) .
Wastewater Reduction
Some ink plants already utilize methods to reduce overall water usage.
The amount of water required to clean large ink tubs can be reduced by
cleaning the tub surfaces with a squeegee prior to rinsing. Small
tubs can be partially or completely cleaned with rags. The quantity
of wastewater from tub cleaning can also be reduced by the use of high
pressure water. There are several commercial systems available which
consist of booster pumps, flow regulators and nozzles; these supply
low volume, high pressure water sprays which clean tubs as well or
better than hand-held hoses using city water pressure, in a shorter
time, with less water. As presented in Section V, the information
from DCP responses indicates that there is a correlation between water
pressure and the amount of water required for tub cleaning. This
cross tabulation is shown in Appendix C.
A typical cleaning procedure* for large ink tubs' consists of using a
garden hose with 40 to 60 psi water for a ten minute rinse of a 15,000
liter (4,000 gallon) mixing tub. This method can generate up to 1,100
liters (300 gallons) of wastewater. The use of a high pressure (1200
to 1500 psi), low volume (19 liters per minute) spray system on the
same tub after it has been scraped clean of excess ink generates only
110 to 190 liters (30 to 50 gallons) of water. The lower volume of
wastewater will also have a higher solids content, which facilitates
89
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eventual solids recovery. The basic equipment for a high pressure low
volume wash system includes: a 19 liter per minute (5 gal/m) pump,
high pressure hoses, nozzles, ! one inch piping, and the necessary
fittings and connectors. The cost of such a system :for ink plants is
detailed in Section VIII. A 'spray pressure of 1200 to 1500_ psi
achieves the maximum cleaning efficiency while still maintaining a
margin of safety for plant personnel. Hand-held wand nozzles, as well
as large fixed whirling nozzles, are both available for tub cleaning.
The wand nozzles also can'be adapted for other cleaning operations
within a plant. A permanent high pressure wash system with enough
outlets to service the whole;production area can be installed at very
large ink plants. Smaller plants can use portable high pressure pumps
with flexible hoses that can be moved from spot to spot.
/ | • : ...T... , :.;...-.- ... .. - . ,_„„_, ,,
other in-plant control measure already used by ink plants to reduce
\wastewater generation"is "^fie sealing or ^elimination of f loot grains!
and trenches. Plants that have no drains must cbTlectglT" tub rinse
water (unless it is piped toithe treatment system or disposal point),
which may encourage them to reduce the volume of water used for each
purpose. Spills must be picked up with shovels or'squeegees; floors
usually are mopped, vacuumed \or cleaned by machine. Where floor
trenches exist, there is a greater tendency to hose down equipment and
floors, leading to greater water consumption and wastewater
generation. ;
Wastewater Recycle :
Ink plants vary considerably in their tub cleaning practices and their
willingness or reluctance to recycle wastewater. Of the DCP
respondents , 158 plants indicated that they used a water rinse. An
analysis of the tub cleaning and wastewater recycle procedures used by
these plants is presented in Table VII-1. Of this group, 60 percent
of the plants usually clean their tubs between batches, and 11 percent
of the plants usually reuse their wastewater in subsequent batches of
ink. There are no difference^ in reuse practices between small plants
and large plants, as shown onj Table VII-1.
Ink plants that practice causjtic rinsing of tanks also can recycle
s'ome of their rinse water.; As discussed in Section V, most caustic
rinse systems recycle the caubtic cleaning solution. The subsequent
water rinse should be reuse& to the greatest extent possible to make
up caustic solution'lost by evaporation. Package caustic cleaning
systems that incorporate cpmplete or partial recycle of rinse water
are available from various vendors- High pressure rinses following
caustic cleaning reduce wasteWater generation.
90
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TABLE VII-1
FREQUENCY OF TANK CLEANING AND REUSE OF INK WASTEWATER
All Plants
Using
Water Rinse
Plants Producing
100%
Water—Base
Plants with Plants with
Under 10 emp. Over 20 emp.
Using Using
Water Rinse Water Rinse
Frequency of Tub
Cleaning Between
Batches
Always 10.8
Most of time 48.7
Occasionally 38.6
Never , 0.6
Not Answered 1.3
Reuse in Product
Always • " '5.1
Most of time 5.7
Occasionally 16.5
Never 68.4
Not Answered 4.4
Reuse as Rinsewater
Always 8.2
Most of time 17.7
Occasionally , 19.0
Never 48.1
Not Answered 7.0
Source: DCP
Percent of Plants
25.0
33.3
33.3
0
8.3
0
0
8.3
66.7
25
8.3
8.3
8.3
50.0
25.0
10.0
35.0
53.3
1-7
0
5.0
6.7
10.0
73.3
5.0
3.3
15.0
13.3
60.0
8.3
8.5
62.7
28.8
0
0
5.1
6.8
IB. 6
67.8
1.7
15.3
22.0
22.0
37.3
3.4
91
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Wastewater Disposal < '
Almost all ink plants that discharge process wastewater are indirect
dischargers. The disposal methods used by ink plants for their
wastewater are presented on Table VII- 2. The most common methods are
discharge to a sewer, contract hauling, evaporation and landfill or
impoundment. Only four plants indicated discharging ink process '
wastewater directly to a receiving stream. Follow-up with these
plants, however, showed th^t actually none were direct dischargers.
Several respondents had misinterpreted the questions, and others
discharged only noncontact cooling water. Thirteen ink plants
indicated that they discharge Iprocess wastewater to a storm sewer,
which can be considered a ; method of direct discharge. However,
follow-up with all 13 plants determined that all of the plants either
misinterpreted the question on the survey or discharged only
noncontact cooling water to the storm sewer. In summary, th§ire_j.re no .
known lant5^^
Al together „ 155 ink plants discharge all of their wastewater and/or
spent caustic sludges by means of contract hauling, landfilling, or
impoundment on plant property. Most contract haulers discharge the
sludge to a landfill, although a small number incinerate or reclaim
it. Thirty- one percent of' all ink plants did not know what the
contract hauler does with their waste.
i •
Another potential source of Waste from the ink industry is off-
specification ink batches or other nonsuitable or returned product.
Most plants attempt to rework; this ink into other products to save as
much of the raw materials as ; possible. Other plants sell or give the
material to scavengers for reclaiming, or sell the ink at reduced
prices as a lower quality material. This waste source usually is not
discharged as a wastewater. I
Some ink plants dispose of their wastewater by evaporation. Forced
evaporation may be a wastewater disposal alternative for plants with
no other viable choices. Forced evaporation requires high inputs of
energy, and may require extensive air pollution control devices. Ink
wastewater with high solids contents may coat heat exchanger surfaces
and reduce operating efficiency. However, where excess steam is
available, this process may; be economically comparable to other
disposal methods. This method also results in a significant residue
or sludge stream which requires contract hauling.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
The most common methods used by ink plants for treating or pretreating
wastewater prior to disposal are gravity separation or settling, and
neutralization. Wastewater ' treatment is practiced by less than 15
92
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TABLE VTX-2
WASTEWATEB. DISPOSAL METHODS
All Plants
Plants Using Water Rinse
Number of
Disposal Method* Plants
Complete Reuse
Partial Reuse
Evaporation
Discharge to City Sewer
Discharge to Storm Sewer
Discharge to Receiving Stream
Impoundment of Plant Property
Incineration
Contract Hauling
Landfilled
Well or Septic Tank
14 '
45
34
138 :
13
4,
14'; .
2! -
123,
13
1
Percent of
Total
3.0
9.8
7.4
30.0
2.8
0.9
3.0
0.4
26.7
3.9
0.2
Number of
Plants
9
18
9
75
5
2
10
1
61
10
—
Percent of
Total
5.7
11.4
5.7
47.5
3.2
1.3
6.3
0.6
97
6.3
0
*Some plants indicated multiple disposal methods.
Source: DCP
93
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percent of all ink plants. Few plants employ any physical-chemical
treatment or biological treatment. No ink plants use advanced
wastewater treatment methods such as activated carbon or
ultrafiltration. Of the plants that discharge their wastewater to a
municipal sewer, less than one-third pretreat their waste prior to
disposal. Only 84 plants indicated that the local municipality or
sewage authority limited their discharges by an industrial waste
ordinance, but 162 plants jsaid that the municipality sampled their
wastewater. Thirty plants were required to sample their own
wastewater and 39 plants need :a permit to discharge to the city sewer.
Although many municipalities prohibit the discharge of solvents to the
sewers, 26 ink plants indicated that they discharge their spent
solvents to the sewer. Forty-fthree plants discharge spent caustic
solutions to the sewer, either with or without neutralization. Two-
thirds of the plants discharging to the sewer and responding to the
appropriate question on thel survey indicate that their discharge is
batch, while the remaining plahts discharge continuously.
Preliminary Treatment Systems ;
I
Approximately 10 percent of the ink plants responding to the DCP
indicated the use of some [ type of preliminary treatment system
(gravity separation, settling and/or neutralization)- S.ampling^ during..
the 1977/Z8-_j3roqram was^coyiducted^ at^ only__-pne ink plant with
wastewater treatment. ~~Tr^atment ~~at"this plarvE* consists of
neutralization, oil skimming and settling. Data from two batches for
this plant are presented in Table VII-3.. These data indicate that
removal for some pollutant parameters are excellent, while some
organic toxic pollutants are not removed at all. However, additional
data points are required before meaningful conclusions regarding this
treatment system can be developed.
! ' ! ' ' .
Physical-Chemical Treatment ;
Physical-chemical (P-C) treatment systems are basically enhancements
of gravity settling systems. JP-C treatment is commonly used in the
paint manufacturing industry, which has many similarities to ink
manufacturing. Most plants utilizing P-C systems operate them on a
batch basis. The plant's wa'stewater flow collects in a holding tank
until a sufficient quantity warrants treatment. If necessary, the pH
is adjusted to an optimum levejl, a coagulant (often lime, alum,, ferric
chloride, or iron salts) and/or a coagulant aid (polymer) is added and
mixed, and the batch is allowed to settle (from 1 to 48 hours). The
supernatant is discharged, and the sludge is generally disposed of by
contract hauling. Often the [sludge is left in the treatment tank for
one or more subsequent batches', to reduce the overall sludge volume.
and skins
Solvents, oils,
removed manually. A flow diagram, of a
system is presented in Figure VII-l.
may float to the surface where they are
typical batch P-C treatment
-------
TABLE VII-3
UNTREATED AND TREATED WASTEWATER CONCENTRATIONS
AND PERCENT REMOVALS FROM INK PLANT 22
1
Batch 1
Parameter Untreated ' Treated'2'
Conventional Pollutants :
BOD :
Total Suspended Solids
Oil and Grease (mg/1)
Nonconventional Pollutants :
COD (mg/1)
TOC (mg/1)
Total Phenols
Total Solids (mg/1)
Total Diss. Solids (mg/1)
Total Volatile Solids (mg/1)
Volatile Diss. Solids (mg/1)
Total Vol. Sus. Solids (mg/1)
Aluminum
Barium
Iron
Manganese
Calcium (mg/1)
Magnesium (mg/1)
Boron . ' L
Cobalt
.Molybdenum
Tin L
Titanium .
Vanadium L
Yttrium L
Sodium
Inorganic Toxic Pollutants:
114 Antimony L
115 Arsenic L
117 Beryllium L
118 Cadmium
119 Chromium
120 Copper ;
121 Cyanide
'122 Lead .' § "
123 Mercury ' L
124 Nickel , - L
125 Selenium L
126 Silver ' . L
127 Thallium L
128 Zinc
Organic Toxic Pollutants
1 Acenaphthene
4 Benzene
7 Chlorobenzene ,
10 1 , 2-Dichloroethane L
21 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
23 Chloroform L
28 3,3' -Dichlorobenzidine
31 2 , 4-Dichlorophenol
37 1,2 Diphenylhydrazine
38 Ethylbenzene
21000
1600
2400 •'
32000 ;
4000 -
330
22600
21000
6300 '
5300
1000
20000 i
20000
30000
400 .
71
13
500
900
700
50
3000
100
200
3700 , ,
25
25
10
90 '
10000
10000
330
90000
5
50 ,
25
10 '•
10
1000 '
10 .
10 [
'
7600
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
t,
L
L
L
L
L
2600
100
260
4800
94O
30
5600
5500
200
153
47
600
100
2000
50
50
9
500
50
50
50
3000 •
100
200
450
25
25
10
20
50
60
30
200
, 5
50
25
10
10
1000
NR
NR
N-D
Batch 2
% Removal Untreated Treated
87
93
89
85
76
90
75
73
96
97
95
97
G 99
93
- 87
29
30
0
94
92
0
0
0
0
87
0
0
0
77
G_ 99
G 99
90
G 99
0
0
0
0
0
0
G 99
43 Di(2-Chloroethyoxyl) Methane \
44 Methylene .Chloride
51 Chlorodibromomethane
54 Isophorone
55 Naphthalene
64 Pentachlorophenol
65 Phenol ' L
66 Dl(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
67 Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
68 Di-N-butyl Phthalate
69 Di-N-octyl Phthalate
72 1,2-Benzanthracene
76 Chrysene
78 Anthracene
80 Pluorene
81 Phenanthrene
85 Tetrachloroethylene
86 Toluene L
44000
N-D
10 i
L 10
N-D
; f
N-D I
11
10
L
N-D
110'
18
19
10
12
NR
G 99
0
0
0
0
0
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
31800
120000
200000
1260
39
8
3110
2760
460
5500
L 120
L 160
22
L 2000
L 2000
L 10
160
38100
62800
. NR
isoboo
NR
2410
L 2000
L 10
L 2000
2530
N-D
220
530
L 10
N-D
N-D
6700
N-D
45
43
N-D
17 .
L 10
L 10
L 10
N-D
N-D
L 10
N-D
L 10
22
3600
1830
5384
6810
400
15331
6710
4020
4260
60
L 5
1
670
2240
50
450
L 120
L 160
364
L 2000
L 2000
L 10
L 20
4940
2170
1300
32500
I. 1
L 50
L 2000
L 10
L 2000
720
L 10
96
N-D
N-D
L 10
L 10 -
2400
L 10
29
N-D
46
L 10
N-D
L 10
N-D
L 10
L 10
N-D .
L 10
N-D
N-D
1100
% Removal
-
' 78
96
97
95
87
87
78
18
89
91
0
0
0
0
0 .
0
87
87
96 -
78
97
0
0
0
71
0
56
G 99
G 99,
0
0
64
0
35
G 99
0
41
G 99
0
G 99
0
0
G 99
0
G 99
G 99
69
Notes: (1) Discharge from caustic washer
(2) The plant's neutralization system malfunctioned during sampling.
L - Less than. G - Greater than, NR - Not run, ND - Not detected.
Toxic Pollutant not measured ,in either stream are not indicated. All units ug/1 unless otherwis
noted.
95
-------
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TANK
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§ W
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EQUILIZATION
TANK
§
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en
-------
Some pLarvts, operate continuous P-C treatment systems which operate on
the same principal. Other plants operate semi-continuous P-C
treatment systems, where the wastewater is collected, batch treated
and released into a continuous flow settling tank. Most P-C systems
in the paint and ink industries are batch, however, which seems best
suited to their batch nature of wastewater generation.
P-C treatment systems for paint wastewater achieve good removal of
some metals and some organic toxic pollutants, and excellent removal
of Suspended solids. P-C treatment may be applicable to ink
wastewater to reduce metals, solids and some organics. As presented
in Section VI, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc occurred frequently at
relatively high concentrations in ink wastewater. P-C treatment in
the paint industry achieved median removals of between 54 and 90
percent for these metals. ;
The cost of physical-chemical .treatment for ink plants is presented in
Section VIII. Several ink companies that have experimented with P-C
treatment have reported that dewatering of sludge may be required to
reduce sludge to 15 percent of the original wastewater volume and that
filtration of the supernatant may be required to achieve good
pollutant removals. Additional data on P^C treatment^ for _ink
jga.stewa.ter_ will be required to accurately predict poljLgtant: removals
and^desigrT parameters. '"" ~~ ~~ ~
Other Wastewater Treatment Systems
usedin_gther
by ^theH ink inclustrv. A
that may have potential
description of what appear to be the most applicable are presented in
the following paragraphs.
Biological treatment reduces some toxic pollutants in some industries.
There are essentially no data on the applicability of biological
treatment to ink wastewater, and very little data regarding its
effectiveness on paint wastewater. In addition, biological treatment
is probably not cost effective for the low flows (under 1,000 gpd)
found in almost all ink plants.
Ultraf iltration (UF) is a membrane process that reduces the solids
content of a feed stream by pressurizing the feed while it is in
contact with a semi-permeable ; membrane. Water molecules pass through
the membrane while solids are left behind. The automotive industry
commonly uses UF :for purification of electrolytic paint solutions by
removing some water while "rejecting" valuable paint solids.
Ultrafiltration also produces a concentrate stream consisting of
rejected solids and some water, which requires disposal by contract
hauling. No data are available on the effluent quality that can be
expected from UF treatment of ink wastewater.
97
-------
Activated carbon is a treatment process capable of removing some
organic toxic pollutants by adsorption. It generally is applied after
biological treatment has reduced a wastewater's strength to low BOD
and TSS levels. Carbon is rapidly plugged by high solids loadings,
and does not appear applicable ' to untreated ink wastewater or to
effluent from batch physical-chemical treatment systems (based on
typical removals from paint industry data applied to untreated ink
wastewater). For carbon to treat ink wastewater effectively,
extensive pretreatment would be' required.
98
-------
SECTION VIII
COST, .ENERGY, AND OTHER WONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
COSTS
Historical Cost Information
The DCP asked plants with installed wastewater treatment systems to
report their capital and operating costs, and the year of
installation. Most of the wastewater treatment systems used by the
ink industry were installed since 1970. Of the plants that knew the
date of installation of their , system, five systems were installed
before -1968, twelve between 1968 and 1972, and 21 from 1973 to mid- ^
1977.. The capital costs of wastewater treatment systems were provided p/1* *
from 33 plants. :The range of costs was from $50 to $55,000 with a "-
median value of under $1,000 (1977 dollars). Operating cost data was/'
provided by 25 plants, and ranged from $10 to $9,000, with a median
value of $1,000 in 1977..
Plants with wastewater treatment or caustic-washing systems often
generate a sludge which is usually disposed of by contract hauling.
Of plants that contract haul either their wastewater or sludges, 99
reported unit cost information for hauling and disposal. These costs
are presented in Table VIII- 1. The cost per unit volume is affected
by such factors as transportion distance, disposal method used by the
contractor, variation in landfill policy from state to state, etc?
The reported median cost of t contract hauling (transportation and
disposal combined) was 2.90, per liter (110 per gallon) , and the
average cost was 4.20 per liter (160 per gallon). EPA expects these
costs to rise as the states and federal government adopt more
stringent solid and hazardous waste disposal requirements.
Cost Development
The following discussion presents the capital and operating costs for
various wastewater treatment unit operations currently produced by the
ink industry or used in other industries and having applicability to
ink wastewater. All costs have a 1978 basis unless otherwise noted.
The Agency has developed costs for three model plant sizes: 110 liters
per day (30 gpd) , 300 liters per day (80 gpd) and 950 liters per day
(250 gpd) . Because the size range for all ink plants is very narrow,
and flows are relatively sjnall compared to the entire wastewater
treatment industry, little error will result from linear interpolation
to determine intermediate costs between adjacent treatment plant
sizes. Below 110 liters/day costs will increase only slightly as flow
decreases, since most equipment is already at a minimum size.
0°
99
-------
TABLE VIII-1
COST OF SLUDGE OR WASTEWATER REMOVAL
BY CONTRACT HAULER
Cost
($/qallon)
1 - 5
6-10
11 - 15
16 - 20
21 - 30
31 - HO
41-50
Over 50
Cost
; ($/liter)
I Less than 1.3
1.6 - 3
3-4
U - 5
5-8
|
I 8-11
11-13
Over 13
Number of
Plants
20
27
16
8
19
5
3
1
Source: DCP
100
-------
The Agency expects the costs presented to va.ry widely between plants,
depending on geographical location, possible use of existing
equipment, "off-the-shelf" components versus designed units, and other
factors. An effort was made to cost the processes conservatively.
Therefore, most plants should be able to purchase and operate the
treatment systems covered at near; or below the cost estimates
presented. ' • "
EPA made the following assumptions throughout the cost evaluation
section:
Plant Operations - Plants are assumed to operate 250 days annually,
one shift per day. Treatment equipment is sized to treat all
wastewater in one shift. Treatment of wastewater over two or three
shifts can significantly reduce capital costs.
Depreciation - Annual depreciation is assumed at 17.7 percent of
capital costs, which equals a capital recovery over ten years at 12
percent interest. :
Contingency - A contingency of 15 percent is assumed-
Labor - Plant operator costs of $16,000 per man year, including labor
taxes and fringe benefits, are assumed. Indirect labor was taken as
20 percent of operator costs, to account for occasional laboratory,
management, and accounting involvement in wastewater treatment.
Power, Heat, and Light - Electricity costs are assumed to be $0.04 per
kwh. The Agency calculated the annual power costs for mixing and
pumping as follows: ;
(Total horsepower) x (Hours per year of operation) x (0.746) x $0.04.
Based on engineering visits, the Agency also assumed that most
wastewater treatment or modification systems will be installed in
existing buildings. No increase in heating and lighting costs is
assumed, except as noted.
Piping and Valying - Required^) piping is assumed to cost 50 percent of
basic equipment costs. ^
Buildings, Yard, and Service Facilities - The Agency anticipates that
most plants will construct required facilities in existing buildings.
However, the installed cost; of an outdoor steel utility building of
appropriate size has been developed for plants without available
space. . . - - :
Land - Land costs were noi^ included in cost calculations, but the
total area required for each system is shown.
101
-------
Electrical and Instrumentation I- Required electrical installations are
assumed to be 10 percent of total equipment costs.
Engineering,. Freight, and Instrumentation - These costs are assumed to
be 50 percent of total equipment costs. Package units from a single
manufacturer, may significantly reduce these costs.
Operation
per year.
and Maintenance - j These are at 3 percent of capital costs
Contract Hauling Costs - Most 'plants contract their wastewater or
sludge hauling to outside firms, and pay a single cost for trans-
portation and disposal. These ! costs range from less than 1.30 per
liter (50/gal) to over 130 per liter (500/gal) . The higher costs
prevail in states which have restricted industrial sludges to
designated landfills only. Therefore, an "average" or median cost has
little meaning to plants thai are forced to pay the higher fees. To
be conservative, the Agency assumed contract hauling cost of 70 per
liter (300/gal) including transportation to be characteristic of 1978
prices for the majority of all ;plants. As previously discussed, the
cost of contract hauling may rise in the future because of more
stringent state and federal regulations.
POTW Charges - POTW user charges are also highly variable, and often
are computed as a percentage of the plant's water bill, according to
wastewater strength and volume, or by some combination of these and
other factors. A use charge of $5 per 3750 liters (1,000 gal) of
wastewater was assumed, which allows for significant surcharges for
high BOD and TSS loading. I
Monitoring Costs - The cost of monitoring effluent to meet any new
regulations is assumed to be $1,200 per year per plant regardless of
size. This assumes that each plant will sample its wastewater once
monthly, and pay a commercial laboratory to analyze chromium, copper,
mercury, nickel, lead, zinc, BOD, and TSS. The exact monitoring cost
will depend on the regulations j adopted.
i
Physical-Chemical Precipitation
Physical-chemical (P-C) wastewater treatment was discussed in Section
VII. The treatment design, ; is based on a batch system, and design
information is presented in Table VIII- 2. P-C capital costs are
presented in Table VIII-3 and include four tanks, a collectidn sump,
mixers, and pumps. The polymer feed system consists of two plastic
tanks, two portable mixers, and two small feed pumps.
P-C operating costs are presented in Table VIII-4. For design and
cost purposes, the Agency assumed that the flocculating and
neutralizing agents used consist of alum, polymer, and sulfuric acid.
102
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"Historical data (see Section VII) indicate that sludge volume will
average 15 percent of original wastewater volume. Sludge was assumed
to be contract hauled. ;
Manual Physical-Chemical Treatment System
A simpler P-C system than that presented in Table VIII-3 is available
to small plants- that wish to avoid large capital expenditures. Such
an alternative system can consist of plastic treatment tanks (or
drums) and portable mixers and pumps. The system utilizes manual
conveyance of wastewater to the treatment tanks (via pails) and manual
addition of chemicals. The capital costs for such a system are
presented in Table VIII-5, for 110 liter per day (30 gpd) and 300
liter per day (80 gpd) wastewater flows. Operating costs are
indicated in Table VIII-6., Labor costs are assumed to be slightly
higher than standard P-C systems and were given as two hours per day
for both systems. The other design assumptions are the same as those
in Table VIII-2.
Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling
i
This alternative holds the total wastewater flow for periodic removal
by a contract hauler. The capital costs for this option are presented
in Table VIII-7. Costs include a holding tank equal to 20 days flow
for all model plants, with associated piping and installation.
Small plants may prefer to hold wastewater in drums to avoid capital
expenditures. Plants with excess tankage can convert a spare tank to
a wastewater holding tank at minimum expense.
Operating cost's for contract hauling are indicated on Table VIII-8.
All model plants are assumed to require one hour of labor daily to
service the collection system;. No/ costs for routine monitoring have
been included because the ; wastewater will not be discharged to a
waterway or sewer.
Wastewater Reduction System ;
As discussed in Section VII, one option for reducing wastewater volume
is to replace standard tub rinsing operations with a high pressure low
volume rinse system. The approximate capital costs for such a system
are presented in Table VIII-9. The model system consists of 2 pumps
to pressurize water to 1200-1500 psi, one-inch piping to selected
points in the process area, and flexible hoses with connectors to
reach individual tubs and other equipment. Operating costs are not
presented, but are expected to compare to standard cleaning
procedures.
105
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-------
TABLE VIII-5
MANUALLY OPERATED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT SYSTEMS
CAPITAL COSTS
Wastewater Generated
liters/day
(gallons/day)
Tanks (plastic)
Mixers (portable)
Pumps
Piping, Valving .
Material Handling Equipment
Subtotal
Electrical
Freight and Installation !
Contingency
Total
115
(30)
$ 95
700
600
700
250
$2,345
235
1,290
580
$4,450
300
(80)
$ 455
700
600
875
300
$2'>930
295
1,615
725
$5,565
107
-------
TABLE VIII-6
MANUALLY OPERATED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT SYSTEMS
OPERATING COSTS
Wastewater Generated
liters/day
(gallons/day)
115
(30)
300
(80)
Depreciation
Labor - direct
Labor - indirect
Chemicals
Polymers
Acid
Inorganic salt
Power
Maintenance
Sludge Disposal
POTW user charge
Monitoring
Total
$ 790
4,000
800
$ 985
4,000
800
3
15
25
150
135
340
35
1,200
8
40
60
150
165
900
90
1,200
$7,500
$8,400
108
-------
VII1-7
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL BY CONTRACT HAULING
CAPITAL COSTS
Waste-water Generated
liters/day
(gallons/day)
Holding Tank ;
Piping and Valving ;
Subtotal
Electrical and Instrumentation
Engineering, Freight and Installation
Contingency
/ Total ' :
Square Meters (feet) Required
Additional Utility Building (if required)
110
(30)
$1,000
500
11,500
150
825
375
$2,900
5(50)
$2>000
300
(80)
$2 , 100
1,050
$3,150
315
1,735
780
$6,000
,5(50)
$2 , 000
950
(250)
$5,000
2,500
$7,500
750
4,100
1,900
$14,250 ,
12(125)
$ 4,000
109
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TABLE VIII-8
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL BY CONTRACT HAULING
OPERATING COSTS
Wastewater Generated ;
liters/day
(gallons/day)
Depreciation 1
Labor - direct j
Labor - indirect :
Maintenance
Sludge Transportation & Disposal
Total
,110
(30-)
$ 515
2,000
400
90
2,250
$5,255
300
(80)
$1,065
2,000
400
180
6,000
$9,645
950
(250)
$2,500
2,000
400
400
18, 750
$24,050
110
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111
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NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS j
Energy I
The energy use associated with physical-chemical treatment was
presented in the preceding section for each model plant size. On an
industry-wide basis, if all j plants with a wastewater discharge
installed P-C treatment systems, the total energy use would be
approximately 0.5 to 1.5 MkWh/yr. This assumes that all plants
currently discharging no wastewater will continue to do so. No
additional credit was allowed for any systems which may already be in
place. Contract hauling woiild not involve major additional, energy
expenditures by the ink industry.
i •
Sludge Quantity and Characteristics
P-C treatment is not widely used by the ink industry, and EPA did not
collect samples of ink sludges. If the entire industry were to
install P-C treatment systems, ;the Agency estimates that 14,000' liters
(3,600 gal) of sludge would be 'produced daily. This sludge would most
likely have the same toxic pollutants as untreated ink wastewater, but
at higher concentration. Untreated ink wastewater characteristics are
listed in Table V-15. i
If the entire wastewater volume of the ink industry is contract
hauled, the toxic pollutant | loading would equal that presented in
Table V-18 (2.2 kg/d of organic toxic pollutants and 19 kg/d of
inorganic toxic pollutants). Reduction of wastewater volume by high
pressure rinse alone, without any other dry clean up procedures, will
not affect the amount of polliitants discharged from the ink industry,
but it can significantly reduce the wastewater volume and the disposal
costs for plants that contract haul any of their wastewater.
r ,- ,.
Solvent-Wash Subcategory \
i
Currently the only unregulated .segment of the solvent-wash subcategory
of the ink industry is the existing source indirect dischargers. A
key point in favor of the no discharge regulations for the remaining
segments of this subeategory was the proven cost effectiveness of on-
site solvent recovery versus outside purchase of reclaimed solvent.
j . .
I •
The July 1975 Development Document stated that the in-house cost of
reclaiming solvents was 1.0 to 13.80/1 (3.6 to 14.20/gal) , while the
selling price of reclaimed solvents was 10 to 300/1 ($.40 to $l/gal).
These costs compared favorably with the cost of purchasing new
solvent. I
The Agency updated these data with a telephone survey of ink plants
using recovered solvent for tubi cleaning.
112
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Corvsiderirxg the rising costs of labor, energy, and sludge disposal, in
1979, solvents can be reclaimed for 5.4 to 8.50/1 (200 to 300/gal),
while reclaimed solvents are selling for 110/1 (450/gal) to well over
300/1 ($l/gal) . New solvents generally cost over 300/1 ($l/gal).
113
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SECTION IX
EFFLUENT REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF
THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES
INTRODUCTION
EPA determines the effluent limitations that must be achieved by July
1, 1984, by identifying the vejry best control and treatment technology
employed by a specific point source within the industrial category or
subcategory or by one industry where it is readily transferable to
another. The Agency must specifically determine the availability of
control measures and practices to eliminate the discharge of
pollutants, taking into account the cost of such elimination.
Consideration also was given to:
o The age of the equipment and facilities;
o The processes employed;
o The engineering aspects of the application of various types
of control techniques;
o Process changes; and '
o Nonwater quality environmental impact (including
requirements). '
energy
The Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) emphasizes
in-process controls as well! as control or additional treatment
techniques employed at the end of the production process. It
considers those plant processes and control technologies which, at the
pilot plant, semi-works, •and other levels, have demonstrated
sufficient technological performances and economic viability to
justify investing in such facilities. BAT represents the highest
degree of demonstrated control technology for plant-scale operation up
to and including '?no discharge" of pollutants. The costs' of this
level of control are defined top-of-the-line current technology,
subject to limitations imposed by economic and engineering
feasibility. There may be some technical risk, however, with respect
to performance and certaintyi of costs. Therefore, some process
development and adaptation may be necessary for application at a
.specific plant site.
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The statuatory asgegsment of !BAT "consi
a alnc^g of costs againstL
"
In developing the proposed BAT,
however, EPA has given substantial weight to the reasonableness of
costs. The Agency has considered the volume and nature of discharges, •
the volume and nature of discharges expected after application of BAT,
the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the costs and
economic impacts of the required pollution control levels.
Despite this expanded consideration of costs, the primary determinant
of BAT is effluent reduction capability. As a result of the Clean
Water Act of 1977, the achievement of BAT has become the principal
national means of controlling jtoxic water pollution. EPA has selected
BAT technology which will significantly reduce this toxic pollution.
i ' ;
IDENTIFICATION OF BAT TECHNOLOGY
Both in-plant and end-of-pipe modification are necessary for most
plants to achieve BAT. Control technologies are discussed in detail
in Section VII while costs a!nd operating parameters for model plants
are given in Section VIII. i
The Agency considered the following technologies:
In-Plant Controls !
wastewater reduction -through high pressure water washing of
equipment, dry floor clean-up and sealing of floor drains,
and use of squeegees jprior to tank cleaning-
- wastewater reuse through recycle of caustic rinses back into
caustic tank as majke-up and water rinses back into the
product or rinse water.
I
End-of-Pipe Controls ;
Physical-chemical treatment including coagulation/precipitation
and sedimentation i
- Biological treatment iby aerated lagoons
Contract hauling | i
- Evaporation
Ultrafiltration |
Reverse osmosis ' j : ;
Activated carbon adsorption
Technology Options Available i
I (
Option One - Physical-chemical treatment (coagulation/^precipation) and
sedimentation) ;
116
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Option Two - Elimination of pollutant discharge through the use of
contract hauling of nonrecyclable wastes.
Other evaluated technologies were unacceptable due to a lack of
demonstrated effectiveness on ink wastewater or severe economic or
nonwater quality impacts. j
t
Rationale Used to Develop BAT Effluent Guidelines
Based on analysis of available: control options, the Agency selected
Option Two for the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory. The amount
of wastewater generated by all ink plants is sufficiently small in
volume to be contract hauled to hazardous waste disposal facilities.
Strict control of water use through in-plant controls such as high
pressure rinses •and recycle of water and caustic washes, can reduce
wastewater generation from ink1 plants significantly.
The remaining wastewater should be sufficiently small in volume to
make contract hauling practical and eliminate any need for discharge.
However, the basis of the analysis for BAT was contract hauling of
1005? of wastewater currently generated. This was due to the fact that
many plants produce water rinsed ink in batches as small as five
pounds. Due to the relatively;small volumes of water produced by ink
plants, EPA .assumed that most plants would choose to contract haul all
wastes rather than attempt recycle or other in-plant controls.
The Agency rejected Option One because it fails to provide consistent
removal of toxic pollutants to the level attained by Option Two. High
concentrations of toxic pollutants have been measured in the effluents
from plants using the best end-of-pipe technologies. Due to the toxic
nature of ink manufacturing wastewater, the Agency has determined that
disposal'of these wastes to prbperly designed hazardous waste disposal
sites is preferable to discharge to surface waters.
The most significant conventional pollutants and pollutant parameters
controlled are BOD, TSS, oil and grease, and pH.
Sizeff Age, Production
Cleaning Techniques
Methods, Raw Materials and Products, Tub
Ink production uses process i equipment which has not changed
appreciably for many years. This equipment produces ink in batches of
varying sizes. Therefore the age of a plant has little bearing on its
waste characteristics. Size: of a plant affects only the volume of
wastewater produced. Raw matefials used and products produced affect
wastewater characteristics only to the extent that they affect
equipment cleaning techniques. These techniques are the basis of
subcategorization of the industry.
117
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In summary, the factors of; size, age, production methods, raw
materials, and products are noip significant to effective application
of the control technology. ! Detailed discussion of the wastewater
characteristics for the ink industry is available in Section V.,
Engineering Aspects of Best
Achievable
Available Technology Economically
The effectiveness of in-plant controls has been described in detail in
Section VII. Of the plants using a water rinse, 12 report that they
generate no wastewater.
High pressure washing generally can reduce wastewater generation by
90%. Elimination of floor |drains and subsequent dry clean up of
spills, and use of squeegees or rags for precleaning of equipment can
further reduce wastewater generation. The applicability of in-plant
controls is dependent on the types and quantities of water rinsed ink
produced. Plants which only Occasionally produce water rinsed ink or
make very small batches may not find in-plant controls to be cost-
effective. '
Simple volume reduction does not also reduce pollutant mass. It does
concentrate pollutants in manageable volumes of water which then can
be recycled back into product or contract hauled to hazardous waste
disposal facilities. If wastewater can be recycled, valuable raw
materials are reclaimed.
Nonwater Quality Environmental Impact
I :
EPA anticipates, based on information transferred from its paint
industry study, that the implementation of BAT at a plant will
generate up to 0.2 liters of I hazardous waste per liter of caustic or
water-washed (water rinsed) ink produced. Ink_TpJLan±J
^
Jb:cea±ment^-^^ WJj-1 increase the
reduce the sludge component: as facilities adopt in-plant control
alternatives to physical-chemical treatment.No significant change in
consumptive water use or atmospheric quality in terms of air
emissions, noise, or radiationj will result from implementation of BAT.
i
Negligible amounts of energy will be used for pumping, mixing, and
contract hauling of these wastes.
Total Cost of Application in Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits
i ' :
Based on the cost information in Section VIII the total investment and
annualized costs are estimated' to be negligible due to the nature of
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current direct discharge by the ink industry. No ink plants
discharge directly to surface water. BAT limitations are being issued
to provide guidelines for current indirect dischargers who convert to
direct discharge. No closures in the ink industry are expected as a
result of the proposed limitations.
BAT EFFLUENT GUIDELINES •'.
There shall be no discharge of pollutants in process wastewaters from
the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory of the Ink Formulating Point
Source Category. The prohibition of discharge of pollutants from the
Solvent-Wash Subcategory promulgated in HO CFR 447 on July 28, 1975,
remains unchanged. j .
REGULATED POLLUTANTS !
Issuance of this regulation will prevent discharges of all pollutants
from affected ink plants. The significant toxic pollutants controlled
are:
Chromium (Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Zinc (Total) ;
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Methylene Chloride
Isophorone
Ethylbenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Toluene
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
Tetrachlorethylene
Trichloroethylene
119
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SECTION X
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION
The basis for New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) under Seqtion
306 of the Act; is the best available demonstrated technology. New
plants have the opportunity to design the best and most efficient ink
manufacturing processes and , wastewater treatment technologies, and
Congress therefore directed EPA to consider the best demonstrated
processes and operating methods, in-plant control measures, end-of-
pipe treatment technologies, and other alternatives that reduce
pollution to the maximum extent feasible, including, where
practicable, a standard permitting no discharge of pollutants.
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
New Source Performance Standards rest on the technology options
considered for BAT in Section IX. Since BAT represents the current
state-of-the-art technology, no further improvement for new sources is
possible. Based on analyses of the technology options EPA selected
BAT Option Two for NSPS for the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory.
This option completely removes pollutants from ink plant discharges.
Selection of BAT Option One would provide less stringent requirements
for NSPS than BAT. This would be inconsistent with the basis for
NSPS. - :
Rationale Used to Develop NSPS;Effluent Limitations
The rationale used to select NSPS was identical to that used to select
BAT in section IX. No justification could be found for selecting a
technology option for NSPS less stringent than BAT.
Size, Production Methods,, Raw Materials and Products, Tub Cleaning
Techniques I
The aspects of size, production methods, raw materials, and products,
and tub cleaning techniques for the ink industry discussed for BAT in
Section IX also apply to NSPS.. '
Engineering Aspects of New Source Performance Standards
In addition to the engineering aspects discussed in Section IX for
BAT, it should be noted that the design of new plants offers the
opportunity to optimize performance of in-plant controls. This
optimization should enable new plants to attain NSPS with reduced
Hazardous waste generation in comparison with many existing plants
meeting BAT. ;
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Nonwater Quality Environmental! impacts
I
The nonwater quality environmental impacts associated with NSPS
effluent limitations are the :same as those associated with BAT
effluent limitations, as discussed in Section IX. The energy
requirements to meet this standard should represent a small fraction
of the plants* consumption. \ [
[ i , , , r ,m „ , i ., _ i
Total Cost of Application in Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits
I ,
At this time, 40 percent of; all plants in the industry are indirect
dischargers; the remaining 60 ! percent practice no discharge., The
Agency expects that the majority of new firms entering the industry
will be no dischargers or indijrect" dischargers. EPA does not expect
any significant impacts. i
NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
There shall be no discharge ojf pollutants in process' waste waters from
the Caustic and/or Water-Wash (Subcategory of the Ink Formulating Point
Source Category. [
i
The prohibition of discharge i of pollutants from the Solvent-Wash
Subcategory promulgated in !40 CFR 446 on July 28, 1975, remains
unchanged.
REGULATED POLLUTANTS
The pollutants controlled are [identical to those controlled by BAT and
discussed in Section IX. >
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SECTION xi
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
INTRODUCTION :'.....
The effluent limitations that must be achieved by existing sources in
the ink industry that discharge into a publicly owned treatment works
(POTW) are termed pretreatment standards. Section 307 (b) of the Act
requires EPA to promulgate pretreatment standards for existing sources
(P'SES) to prevent the discharge of pollutants that pass through,
interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with the operation of
POTW. The Clean Water Act of 1977 adds a new dimension by requiring
pretreatment for: pollutants,: such as heavy metals, that limit POTW
sludge management alternatives, including the beneficial use of
sludges on agricultural lands. The legislative history of the 1977
Act indicates that pretreatment standards are to be technology-based,
analagous to the best available technology for removal of toxic
pollutants. The general pretreatment regulations (40 CFR Part 403),
which served as the framework for these proposed pretreatment
regulations for the ink industry, can be found at 43 FR 27736-27773
(June 26, 1978) .
Consideration was also
pretreatment standards:
given to the following in establishing the
o Plant size, age of j equipment and facilities, production
methods, raw materials and products, tank cleaning
techniques;
The engineering aspects of the application
technology and its relationship to POTW;
of pretreatment
o Nonwater quality environmental impact (including energy
requirements); and
o The total cost of.application of technology in relation to
the effluent reduction and other benefits to be achieved from
such application. !
Pretreatment standards must reflect effluent reduction achievable by
the application of the best available pretreatment technology. This
may include primary treatment technology as used in the industry and
in-plant control measures when such are considered to be normal
practice within the industry- ;
A final consideration is the determination of economic and engineering
reliability in the application of the pretreatment technology. This
123
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must be determined from the results of demonstration projects, pilot
plant experiments, and most preferably, general use within the
industry. |
1 ! ' ' ;
IDENTIFICATION OF PRETREATMENTi STANDARDS '••
Ink plants discharge almost exclusively to POTW. Less than 15% of the
plants use some pretreatment technologies and 13% practice in-plant
controls to reduce wastewater generation. The technologies considered
for pretreatment are identical to those considered for BAT in Section
IX with the exception of solvent reclamation which was considered for
solvent-wash inks. Analysis! of the technologies resulted in the
development of two options forl pretreatment standards for existing
sources.
Technology Options Available: '
\
Option One - Physical-chemical; treatment by coagulation/flocculation
and sedimentation- (BAT Option One)
Option Two - No discharge of pbllutants through the use of
contract hauling of nonrecyclable wastes
(BAT Option Two) j
Other evaluated technologies were unacceptable due to a lack of
demonstrated effectiveness on ink wastewater, or severe economic or
nonwater quality impacts. !
Rationale Used to Develop P re treatment Standards for Existing Sources
The elimination of pollutantI discharge for solvent-wash ink is based
on the hazardous and toxic nature of these wastes and the economic
advantage in reclaiming thej solvents. Since no water is used in
cleaning solvent-wash equipmen-b, the solvents and off~specification
batches comprise the entire! discharge of this subcategory. Most
plants in the subcategory currently meet no discharge. The Agency is
requiring that the remainder;of the industry meet this level of good
practice.
As in BAT, caustic or water-wash subcategory pretreatment standards
are based on contract hauling of all wastewater generated,. It is
possible to reduce waste generation through the use of in-plant
controls such as high pressure rinses, recycle of water and caustic
washes. The Agency rejected Option one because they fail to provide
consistent removal of toxic pollutants to the level attained by Option
Two. Djifi,,. ta__-the_J-oyic naiuijce—of-—iink—was-tewateg?—EPA-teas~xLejbermined
ihat. the disposaljQ_f_J^ege-4(iasjies--±^o__BrjiT3erlv designed hcizardous waste
'disposal sites ispref erable
124
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Size,
Product, ion Methods, Raw Materials and Products, Tub
Cleaning Techniques
. t ." ' '
As previously noted in Section IX for BAT, ink is produced with
methods and equipment which are relatively uniform from plant to
plant. As a result, the factors of size, age, production methods, raw
materials and products do hot affect wastewater characteristics
significantly. Tub cleaning techniques are the fundamental factors
which control these characteristics. Therefore, the subcategorization
of the ink industry is based! on use of solvent, caustic or water for
tub cleaning. ' • -'
Engineering Aspects of Pretreatment for Existing Sources
Waste solvents produced by tub and equipment cleaning can be
regenerated easily through Distillation. Not surprisingly, many
plants recover their solvents and distill them on site. Other plants
sell waste solvents to scavengers who regenerate and market them. Few
plants therefore have any reason to discharge waste solvents to the
POTW.
As noted in Section IX for BAT, the use of in- plant controls
significantly reduces wastewater from caustic and/ or water -washed ink
formulation which must be eliminated™
Recycle, high pressure rinses,; dry clean up of floors, and precleaning
of tubs with squeegees or rags are all techniques to reduce wastewater
for disposal to 0.2 liter/liter or less. The removal of the non-
recyclable wastes by contract hauler to a hazardous waste disposal
site should provide an acceptably safe method of disposal for these
toxic materials. Recycle of wastewater to the product conserves raw
materials in addition to saving water.
- { . .
Nonwater Quality Environmental Impacts
EPA estimates that the implementation of PSES will generate an
additional 23,000 metric tons (wet) of hazardous wastes. I± should_be
noted that — PSES also__jwill commensurately reduce concentrations and
These sludges will
become — more
_
polluTants in POTW sludges.
arrrerncri3±-e
to
-£pssibly_ including beneficial use on agricultural lands. Moreover,
disposal of adulterated POTW: slud^s"TsrsTgnTFicantlY more" diff icuTt
and costly — than. — djuspnsaJ - of — _£ „ wasjtas— . _£rom
individual plant sites.
No significant change in consumptive water use or atmospheric quality
in terms of air emissions, noise, or radiation will result from
implementation of ;PSES.
125
r S4-3L
o
-------
Total Cost, of Application in Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits
Based on the cost information presented in Section VIII, elimination
of pollutant discharges by ink'plants to POTW is possible with a. total
capital investment of 1.5 million dollars. The annualized cost for
the industry will be 3.0 million dollars.
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
There shall be no discharge
the Solvent-Wash Subcategory
of the Ink Formulating Point
of
and
S6urce
REGULATED POLLUTANTS
Issuance of this regulation
pollutants from affected
toxic pollutants controlled are
Chromium (Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Zinc (Total)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Methylene Chloride
Isophorone
will prevent the discharges of all
indirect dischargers. The most significant
pollutants in process wastewaters from
the Caustic or Water-Wash Subcategory
Category.
Ethylbenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Toluene
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
Tetrachlorethylene
Trichloroethylene
If the Agency had selected Pretreatment Option One for the caustic
and/or water-wash subcategory, numerical mass limitations would be
used. Concentration values arfe not appropriate due to the ease with
which dilution can occur by indiscriminate water use in equipment
cleaning. '
The mass limitations are basedi on the median percent removal observed
in the paint industry, average observed pollutant concentration in
untreated wastewater reported in Table V-15, and wastewater discharge
of 0.2 liter per liter ofj water rinsed ink produced. Since no
operating precipitation systemjs were found in the ink industry, it was
necessary to transfer the performance of this treatment option from
the paint industry. Both industries have similar wastewaters.
126
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The resulting daily maximum mass limitations would be:
Pollutant
Chromium (Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Zinc (Total)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ethylbenzene
Di (2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichlorpethylene
mg/1000 liters
water rinsed
ink
3240
1060
3021
82
16
166
75
5
84
67
lb/1000 gallons
water rinsed
jnk
0.02710
0.00890
0.02520
0.00070
0.00020
0.00140
0.00060
0.00004
0.00070
0.00060
127
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SECTION XII
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
INTRODUCTION ;
Section 307(c) of the Act requires the EPA to promulgate Pretreatment
Standards for New Sources (PSNS) at the same time that it promulgates
NSP3. New indirect dischargers, like new direct dischargers, have the
opportunity to incorporate the best available demonstrated
technologies including process changes, in-plant controls, and end-of-
pipe treatment technologies, and to use plant site selection to insure
adequate treatment system installation.
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCE PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
New Source Pretreatment Standards were based on the options considered
for PSES in Section XI. Since PSES represents the current state-of-
the-art technology, no further improvement for new sources is
possible.
Based on analyses of the technology options, EPA chose PSES Option Two
for PSNS for the caustic and/or water-wash subcategory. This option
completely eliminates pollutant discharges from ink plants to POTW.
Selection of PSES Option One would provide less stringent requirements
for PSNS than PSES and would be inconsistent with the basis for PSNS
limitations.
Rationale Used to Develop PSNS Effluent Limitations
i
The rationale used to select PSNS was in fact identical to that used
to select PSES in Section XI. : No justification could be found for
selecting a technology option ifor PSNS less stringent than PSES.
Size, Production Methods, Raw Materials and Products, Tub Cleaning
Techniques
The aspects of size, production methods, raw materials and products,
and tub cleaning techniques for the ink industry discussed for PSES in
Section XI also apply to PSNS.i
Engineering Aspects of New Source Performance Standards
In addition to the engineering aspects discussed in Section XI for
PSES, it should be noted that the design of new plants offers the
opportunity to optimize performance of in-plant controls. This
optimization should enable new plants to attain PSNS with reduced
129
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hazardous waste generation in comparison to many existing plants
meeting BAT. '•
i
Nonwater Quality Environmental I Impacts
( . • , :
The nonwater quality environmental impacts associated with NSPS
effluent limitations are th4 same as those associated with PSES, as
discussed in Section IX, Energy consumption in order to attain new
source performance should represent a negligible fraction of total
plant consumption. .
Total Cost of Application in Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits
i
Based on the cost information in Section VIII, EPA estimates that the
complete elimination of pollutants in new source process wastewater
indirect discharges may add 0.. 6 cents per pound to the price of ink.
i , i
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
There shall be no discharge of pollutants in process wastewaters from
the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory of the Ink Formulating Point
Source Category.- i
The prohibition of discharge of pollutants from the Solvent-Wash
Subcategory promulgated in 40 CFR 446 on July 28, 1975 remains
unchanged.
REGULATED POLLUTANTS •
The pollutants controlled are identical to those controlled by PSES
and discussed in Section xt- if the Agency had selected pretreatment
Option One for the Caustic ^ncl/or Water-Wash Subcategory, numerical
mass limitations equal to thos^ calculated for this option in Section
XI would have been used.
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SECTION XIII
AC KNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgment is made to all Environmental Protection Agency
personnel contributing to the'overall project effort. Specifically,
the development of this report was under the direction of the
following EPA personnel:
Robert B. Schaffer
John E. Riley
James R. Berlow
Lisa Friedman
Barry Malter
Louis DuPuis .
John Kukulka
Chris Ehret
Director, Effluent Guidelines Division
Chief, Wood Products & Fibers Branch
Project Officer, Paint & Ink Industries
Office of General Counsel
Office of General Counsel
Office of Analysis & Evaluation
Office of Analyisis & Evaluation
Monitoring & Data Support Division
Acknowledgment is also made for the helpful cooperation
following paint and ink industry Working Group members:
of the
Michael Flaherty
Ronald Turner
Richard Raines
Fanny Knox
Roman Kuchkuda
Benjamin Lim
Matthew Straus
Special thanks go to David Alexander, the EPA Project Officer for the
for the first two years of the project, and to the . Document
Preparation Staff of Kaye Starr, Pearl Smith, Nancy Zrubek, Vicky
Wilson, and.Carol Swann. Micki Treacy is especially noted for her
valuable secretarial assistance.
Appreciation is extended toithe National Association of Printing Ink
Manufacturers especially Executive Director, James E» Renson, and the
National Printing Ink Research Institute for their extremely valuable
assistance and cooperation throughout this project.
Appreciation is also extended to the
participation in the study: <
A.J. Daw Printing Ink Co.
Braden Sutphin Ink Co. '
Capitol Printing Ink Co., Inc.
Colonial Printing Ink Div. , U..S.P.
Inmont Division Carrier Corp,
Morrison Printing Ink Co.'
Richardson Ink Co. I
following companies for their
131
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Roberts and Porter, Inc.
Sun Chemical Corp. '
The following members of the Burns and Roe Technical Staff made
' of
significant contributions to th'e project and the
report: I
development
the
Arnold S. Vernick, P.E.
Howard D. Feiler, P.E.
Paul J. Storch, P.E.
Mark V. Sadowski
Richard Hergenroeder
Roy E. Ehlenberg
Manager, Environmental Eng.
Prjoject Manager
Project Engineer
Assistant Project Eng.
Cijvil Engineer
Systems Engineer
The assistance of Mrs. S. ijrances Thompson and Miss Emilie Carl of
Burns and Roe in the typing of jthis report is specifically noted.
The efforts of Edward H. Richardson Associates, Inc. in regard to
sampling and analysis is greatly appreciated. Specifically, the
efforts of Mr. Albert Merena are acknowledged.
132
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SECTION XIV
; REFERENCES
1. Environmental Protection Agency, Development Document for Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the
011 Base Solvent Wash Subcategories of the Paint and the Ink
Formulating Point Source Category, Washington, DC, July 1975.
3
2. Burns and Roe Industrial Services Corporation, Draft Development
Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines. Pre treatment Standards
and New Source Performance Standards for the Paint and Ink Formulating
Point Source Categories - Water- Base, Water-Wash, and Caustic-Wash
Subcategories. Paramus, NJ, September, 1976. --
3. Arthur D. Little, Inc. "Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent
Guidelines: Paint and Allied Products and Printing Ink Industries",
Draft Document for the Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
DC, August, 1974. i
4- Printing Ink Handbook, 3rd Edition, National Association of
Printing Ink Manufacturers, Inc., Harrison, NY, 1976,.
5. Shreeve, R. , "Surface-Coating Industries", Chemical Process
Industries, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1967.
6- "Census of Manufactures", Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 1972.
• " • ' I .
7. Raw Materials Data Handbook - Organic Solvents, National Printing
Ink Research Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 1974.
8 Raw Materials Data Handbook - Plasticizers, National Printing Ink
Research Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 1975.
9- Colour Index, 3rd Edition, Society of Dyers and Colourists with
acknowledgement to the American Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorists, 1971.
10. Nie, N., C. Hull, J. /Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner, D. Bent,
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences , 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1975,.
11. Environmental Protection Agency, "Field Notes and Chemical
Analyses - Survey of Paint and Ink Manufacturers in Oakland,
California," collected by National Field Investigations Center,
Denver, Colorado, October, 1973.
133
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12. Environmental Protection Agency, Development Document for Prop.Qg_ed
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards
for the Synthetic Resins Se'qment of the Plastics and Synthetic
Materials Manufacturing Point Source Category, Washington, DC, August,
1973, | • '
13. Reid, L.C., "Memorandum to Record," (Specifying Plants Attaining
No Discharge of Process Wastewater to Surface Waters), National Field
Investigations Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Denver,
Colorado, December, 1973-January, 1974.
14. Reid, L.C., and A. Masse, "[Trip Reports," (Paint and Ink Plants in
Chicago, Illinois and Oakland, California Areas), National Field
Investigations Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Denver,
Colorado, December, 1973-January, 1974.
i
15. "Water Quality Criteria, 19;72," National Academy of Sciences and
National Academy of Engineering for the Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, 1973 (U.S. Government Printing Office Stock
No. 5501-00520). | '
16. Williams, Alex, "Printing jinks," Noyes Data Corporation, Park
Ridge, NJ, 1972.
17. King, Robert, "Trip Report,'" National Field Investigations Center,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO, November,! 1973.
18. Enviornmental Protection | Agency,
Handbook for Monitoring
Industrial Wastewater, Washington, DC, August, 1973.
—'-"•-••-- — - ----"' I
19. Environmental Protection Agency, Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes, Cincinnati, OH, 1974.
20. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Guidelines: State
Local Pretreatment Programs, Washington, DC, January, 1977.
and
21. Environmental Protection Agency, Rationale for the Development of
BAT Priority Pollutant Parameters, Washington, DC, June, 1977.
22. Environmental Protection Agency, Sampling and Analysis Procedures
for Screening of Industrial Effluents for Priority Pollutants,
Cincinnati, OH, April, 1977.. :
23. Environmental Protection (Agency, General Reference Materials
Relating to the Measurement jof Priority Pollutants, Washington, DC,
June, 1977- [
^
24. Dry Color Manufacturers Association, Appendix E of the comments
made to the proposed rules on the "Manufacturing Processing,
134
-------
Distribution in Commerce, and Use Bans of Polychlorinated Bephenyls"
as appeared in the Federal Register on June 7, 1978.
25. Olofosson, John A., Paul L, Bishop, Dickson, Richard A.,,
"Physiochimical Treatment of Lithograph Wastewater". A paper
presented at the 33rd Annual Purdue, Industrial Waste Conference,
Purdue University, Indiana, May 9-11, 1978.
26. Raw Materials Index - Pigments and Solvents, National Paint and
Coatings Association, Washington, DC, 1975.
27. Raw Materials Index - Resins, National Paint and Coatings
Association, Washington, DC, 1972.
28. Raw Materials Index - Drying Oils, National Paint and Coatings
Association, Washington, DC, 1973.
135
-------
-------
SECTION XV
GLOSSARY
Additive
One of a number of materials added to ink in small amounts to alter
one or more of its properties. They include driers, antiskinning
agents, dispersing agents, waxes, lubricants, surface active agents,
etc.
Background Level
The amounts of toxic pollutants present in process intake waters
water) . :
BATEA • ' ' . ! •
(tap
Limitations for point sources which are based on the application of
the Best Available Technology Economically Achievable. These
limitations must be achieved by July 1, 1984.
Ball Mill . ' :-
A horizontally mounted cylindrical tank containing steel or ceramic
balls that reduce particle size of materials when the tank is rotated.
Batch
Any manufacturing or treatment process which accumulates a fixed
volume of material (i.e., wastewater) for processing, treatment or
discharge. Compare to Continuous.
Binder
The components in an ink film which hold the pigment to
surface.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) .
the printed
The amount of Oxygen required by microorganisms while stabilizing
decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions. The level of
BODS is usually measured as the demand for oxygen over a standard
five-day period. Generally expressed as mg/1.
137
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BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand , !
[
Capital Costs j
Expenditures which result in the acquisition of, or the addition to,
capital or fixed assets. Costs associated with the installation of
such assets are included in capital costs.
by other
I j
Captive Manufacturing Site
A plant which only manufactures ink for internal use or use
divisions of a parent organization,
Carbon Black \
I
An intensely black, finely divided pigment obtained by burning natural
gas or oil with a restricted axr supply.
i
Caustic Rinse ,
—— i ^ _; ^
The cleaning of residue froih ink tubs with a caustic solution. See
Closed Loop Caustic System, Open Caustic System and Partial Recycle
Caustic System. !
Caustic Soda ; .
In its hydrated form it is called sodium hydroxide.
I ,
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ;
A measure of the amount of organic matter which can be oxidized to
carbon dioxide and water by a \ strong oxidizing agent under acidic
conditions. Generally expressed as mg/1.
f '
Chemical Treatment •
A process involving the addition of chemicals to wastewater to induce
the settling of solid matter and remove dissolved materials. Materials
commonly used in chemical treatment include polyelectrolytes, lime and
alum. (See also physical-Chemical Treatment.)
Clarification ',
Any process or combination of (processes, the primary purpose_of which
is to reduce the concentration of suspended matter in a liquid.
138
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Closed "Loop Cans-tic System
A tank cleaning system which recycles a primary caustic rinse and uses
all of a secondary water rinse as make-up water for the caustic.
(Compare to open Caustic System and Partial Recycle Caustic System.)
COD
Chemical oxygen Demand
Continuous i
Any manufacturing process which produces a continuous flow of product
or wastewater and treats or discharges wastewater at the same rate at
which it is generated. (Compare to Batch.)
Contract Hauling ;
The collection of wastewater or sludge by a private disposal service,
scavenger, or purveyor in tank trucks or by other means for
transportation from the site.
Cost Center >
A business whose objective it is to accomplish its mission within cost
or expense parameters. A cost center realizes no income.
Discharge of Wastewater
The release of treated or untreated wastewater to a receiving water,
POTW, or any other location that is off-site. Examples of instances
where wastewater is generated I but not discharged are total recycling,
total on-site containment, contract hauling of wastewater, and total
evaporation. :
Disperser ! -' .
Mixing machine that acts to disperse the components-of ink.
Dispersing Agent ,
A reagent that is compatible With the solvent and holds finely divided
matter dispersed in the solvent.
Drier
# . .
A composition which accelerates the drying of printing ink or varnish.
Driers are available in both solid and liquid forms.
139.
-------
Drying Oil
An oil which readily takes oxygen from the air and changes to a
relatively hard, tough film by[oxidation and polymerization.
Epoxy Resins ;
Plastic or resinous materials used for strong, fast-setting adhesives,
as heat resistant coatings and:binders, etc.
Equalization
Any process for averaging variations in flow and/or composition of
wastewater so as to effect a more uniform discharge.
Evaporation of Wastewater . :
i '
A disposal method in which natural or induced heat causes evaporation
of wastewater.
Extender
See Filler. ' ;
Filler i j
Inert substance in a composition to increase the bulk, strength,
and/or lower the cost, etc. [
Flexographic Ink
Quick drying, low viscosity ink based on volatile solvents that are
used in the flexographic printing process. Flexographic inks can be
water-based. ;
Flotation
Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) or dispersed air flotation, which are
processes that inject air into wastewater causing dissolved and
suspended material to float to\the surface for removal.
Flushing
A method of transferring pigments from dispersions in water to
dispersions in oil by displacement of the water by oil. The resulting
dispersions are known as flushed colorfe.
140
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of Was-tewa.-fc.er
The process whereby wastewater results from the manuf act taring process.
Wastewater may be generated but not discharged. (See Discharge of
Wastewater.)
Gravity Separation
Any process in which oil, grease, skins, or other floating solids are
allowed to rise to the surface, where they are skimmed off, while
heavier solids are allowed to ; settle out.
Gravure Ink
Quick drying, low viscosity inks based on volatile solvents.
Heat Se thinks . • ;
Letterpress and lithographic inks which dry under the action of heat
by evaporation of their high boiling solvent.
Ink ;
See Printing Ink.
Inks, Quick- Setting
These inks for letterpress and offset dry by either filtration,
coagulation, selective absorption or often a combination of these with
some of the other drying methods. The vehicles are generally special
resin-oil combinations which, after the ink has been printed, separate
into a solid material which 'remains on the surface as a dry film and
an oily material which penetrates rapidly into the stock. This rapid
separation gives the effect of very quick setting or drying.
Inorganic Pigments
A class of pigments used i,n printing ink manufacture consisting of
compounds of the various metals. Example: Chrome Yellow.
Lago-on ;
A shallow body of water, such as a pond or lake, which can be used for
impoundment for purposes of storage, treatment, or disposal,
141
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Landfill
A solid waste land disposal technique in which waste is placed in an
excavation and covered with[ earth. Wastewaters land sludges may
occasionally be disposed of in landfills.
Letterpress Ink ;
I
Ink used for typographic (raised type) printing which is a viscous,
tacky ink which cures by oxidation,
Lithographic Inks
Inks used in the lithographic process. The principal characteristic
of a good lithographic ink jis its ability to resist excessive
emulsification by a reservoir of dampering solution.
Metallic Inks i
Inks composed of aluminum or bronze powders in varnish to produce gold
or silver color effects.
Moisture-set Inks
Inks that dry or set principally by precipitation. The vehicle
consists of a water insoluble resin dissolved, in a hygroscopic
solvent. Drying occurs when the hygroscopic solvent has absorbed
sufficient moisture either from the atmosphere, substrate or external
application to precipitate the binder. An important characteristic of
these inks is their low odor. :
Mineral Spirits
A petroleum derivative used as a vehicle for inks and varnishes. It
usually boils in the range of 149 to 204°C (300 to 40b°F) and has a
flash point just about 27°C (1pO°F).
(
Mixing
The incorporation of ingredients into a coating with the use of little
or no shearing energy. '
NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) Permit
A permit issued by EPA or an| approved state program to point sources
which discharge to public waters allowing the discharge of wastewater
under certain stated conditions.
142
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Addition of acid or alkali until
(i.e., pH = 7) . ;
News Inks
the pH is approximately neutral
Printing inks designed -' to run on newsprint, consisting basically of
carbon black or colored pigments dispersed in mineral oil vehicles,
which dry by absorption. -Recent developments utilize emulsion,
oxidation, and heat set systems.
Noncontact Cooling Water
Water which is used for cooling purposes but which has no direct
contact with and is in no way contaminated by either the manufacturing
process or contaminated wastewaters. In the cooling process, however,
it may experience a change in temperature.
*F
OSHA . '
I -
The Occupational Safety and Health Act.
Organic Pigments
General classification of pigments which are manufactured from coal
tar and its derivatives. Compared with inorganic pigments as a class,
they are generally stronger an'd brighter. Example: Lithol Rubine.
Organosol j
A suspension of particles in an organic solvent, most usually made
with vinyl resins, solvents and plasticizers,
Opaque Ink
An _ink that does not allow the light to pass through it and has good
hiding power. It does not permit the paper or previous printing to
show through .
Open Caustic System
Any tank or tub cleaning system that does not reuse any part of a
secondary water rinse following caustic-washing.
Operating Costs
Expenses necessary for the maintenance and operation of capital
assets, including depreciation, interest, labor, materials, etc.
143
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The reciprocal logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in
wastewater expressed as a standard unit.
POTW (Publicly Owned Treatment Works)
Wastewater collection and treatment facilities owned and operated by a
public authority such as a municipality or county.
Partial Recycle Caustic System ;
i
A tank or tub cleaning operation which recycles a primary caustic
rinse and uses only a portion of secondary water rinse as make-up
water for the caustic. (Compare to Closed Loop Caustic System and
Open Caustic System.) i
Physical-Chemical
The method of treating wastewaters using combinations of the processes
of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, carbon adsorption,
electrodialysis or reverse psmosis. As used in this study, a
physical-chemical treatment system involves the addition of chemicals
to wastewater to induce the[ settling of solids ,and removal of
dissolved materials, followed by mixing and sedimentation.
Pigment
- - - • I
The colorant used to give printing inks the desired hue and color.
Plasticizer
A substance added to printing ink to impart flexibility.
Printing Ink
Any fluid or viscous composition of materials, used in printing,
impressing, stamping, or transferring on paper or paper-like
substances, wood, fabrics,> plastics, films or metals, by ^the
recognized mechanical reproductive processes employed in printing,
publishing and related services.
Process Wastewater
Any used water which results from or has had contact with the
manufacturing process, including any water for which there is_ a
reasonable possibility of cpritaniination from the ink manufacturing
process or from raw material-intermediate product-final product
storage, transportation, handling processing or cleaning. Examples of
144
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pxocess vrastewater include wastewater generated £>y -tub washing or
floor cleaning, etc. Cooling iWater, sanitary wastewater, storm water
and boiler blowdown are not considered process wastewater if they have
no contact with the process.
Profit Center
— ' •"•~——^——~ e '
I
A business or portion of ;a business whose objective it is to con-
tribute income over and above its expenditures and allocated charges.
Public Waters
All navigable waters of the United States and the tributaries thereof;
all interstate waters and tributaries thereof; and all intrastate
lakes, rivers, streams and tributaries thereof not privately owned.
Purveyor
See Contract Hauling. :
Reclaimed
Water or solvent which has bee|n treated and restored for use.
Recycle of Wastewater
The piping of wastewater, whether treated or not, from its points of
final collection to a prior process step.
Resin
A natural or synthetic material that is an ingredient of ink and which
binds the various other ingredients together. It also aids adhesion
to the surface. : ;
Reuse of Wastewater
The collection of either treated or untreated wastewater for the
purpose of utilization in a prior step of the manufacturing process.
Scavenger , ;
See Contract Hauling
Screening j
Samples taken of untreated wastewater only to determine the absence or
presence of toxic pollutants (see also Verification).
145
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Settlement Agreement
i , . .
An agreement between the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and
EPA remanding 21 industrial categories, one of which is paint and ink
manufacturing and printing, for review of BATEA, including a study of
toxic pollutant levels. ;
I «
Settling
The process of disposition of sjuspended matter carried by a liquid by
gravity. It is usually accomplished by reducing the velocity of the
liquid below the point at wh'ich it can transport the suspended
material. ;
Shellac
An alcohol-soluble natural resin widely used in flexographic inks.
Silk Screen Ink
-.....-I- jm«-m,nf-iT_«n. -— - ^
Quick drying, full bodied, volatile inks used in the silk, screen
printing process.
Skimming l
The removal of floating matter that has risen and remains on the
surface of wastewater. '
Sludge Conditioning
Treatment of liguid sludge by chemical addition, dewatering,
filtration, drying, or other methods.
Spray Irrigation
Transport of sludge or wastewatier to a distribution system from which
it is sprayed over an area 4f land. The liquid percolates into the
soil and/or evaporates. None of the sludge or wastewater runs off the
irrigated area. ;
Solvent-Ease Ink
Inks which use oil or solvent as the primary vehicle.
Thermosetting Ink
A thermosetting ink is one whiqh polymerizes to a permanently solid
and infusible state upon the application of heat.
146
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Solvents, diluents, low viscosity oils, and vehicles added to inks to
reduce their consistency or tack.
Tint - .
A very light color produced by adding a small amount of color to an
extender.
Total Organic Carbon (TOG)
-A measure of the amount of carbon in a sample'originating from organic
matter only. The test is run; by burning the sample and measuring the
carbon dioxide produced. ;
'- ' /
TOC
^ - - / I . ' " ' '
Total Organic Carbon i
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Solids that either float on the surface of, or are in suspension in,
water and which are largely removable by filtering or sedimentation.
Toxic Pollutant
/ ':
One of the elements or compounds on a list of 129 derived from the
Settlement Agreement (See Appendix E of this document).
Treatment , - ' >
Any process of conditioning water, wastewater, or sludge prior to use
reuse> or discharge.
Varnish , '
A transparent, liquid that . dries on exposure to air to give a
decorative and protective coating when applied as a thin film
Varnish may be made by reacting an oil and a resin at high temperature
and dissolving in a suitable element (Cooked Varnish), or by blending
a previously made resin with a solvent (Cold-Blended Varnish).
\ i . "
Verification .; '
A sampling program including samples of untreated and treated
wastewater and sludge to determine the levels of classical pollutant
and toxic pollutants known to be present, as well as removal
147
-------
efficiencies by various wastewater treatment processes. (See also
Screening.) !
Volatile Fraction ',
That portion of a ink which evaporates from the film Curing the drying
process.
Water-Base Ink
Inks containing a vehicle whose binder is water soluble or water
dispersible. ; !
148
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APPENDIX A
DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIO
149
-------
-------
A.
1.
2.
S.
7.
mx ^ssaauazaa njousntir SURVEY
ganaral Information (Sotas For Multiple Plant Companiaa, Coaplata on*
questionnaire for each manufacturing aita.)
Naaa of Firn , " '
Plant Ideation and Mailing Address
(including zip coda) • ;
3. Telephone Number
4. Mama and Title at Respondent
S. .Address and Telephone Number at Saspondent (it different)
Indicate your type of .busine«a organization
-------
10 ladieae. th. nnmb*r of th. various si» Iload and jcrtabl. irJc =anufac=uri=g tubs (tanks) at your plant th»c
rtquSrelaania, (us. clos.st tab sis. shovn). Do not inelud. any d«iicat*d «or.a. tanks (i... solvent,
s«sin, «tc.) or Ball aills that ar. raraly or n«»»r el«ori«d.
Hmt>« of Ti^a
Mere th.in 50
?ch« Stz. (Gallons)
Lass n*"" 5
fr-10
10-50
51-100
101-250
asx-soo
501-1000
o»«r looo
11. Indicat. th. numb«r of
150-200 Q 201-250 [
^
G
G
G
G
G
G
n
G
days
H
i-3
G
G
D
G1'
G;
Qi
p*r y«ar th. ink
251-300 [""I
I
D
G
G
G
G
G
G
D
plane o{Mrat>s<
301-365 Q
G
G
G
G
G
G
G •
G
G
G
G'
G
G
G
D
G
G
C3
C3
G
D
G
G
G
12. indicte. th. a«r»o. daily wa«r con-nptica for ail us« ""(.*. cpiMtion 13) within th. ink manufacturing facility
(gallons p«r day)
0-10,000 Q 10,000-20.000 Q 20.000-30,000 Q 30.000-50,000 Q SO.OOO-WO.OOO Q Ov.r 100.000 Q
Actual (i£ known) 9Pd ,
13. Indicat. th. p«rc«vt of wat.r us«i for aacti of th. followingi
fareiint: of Total Mater O«a
-------
1. Indicate th* metnod(s) used to ciun ranks, tabs, filling machin*s, «te. (check as many as applicable) :
Water Rinse |~[ Caustic Hash Q Solvent Wash Q Dry Clean Op Techniques | | Periodic Caustic SoakQ
2.
Partial 8«cyela
If you us* a caustic system, indicate which tyo*:
Closed Loop (Conplet* Recycle) FJ ' Open (No Racycl*) j~~]
If you us* a water rins*, indicate th* water pressura ua*di
Less than 50 psi FJ 51-100 psi |~~| 101-150 psi FJ Greater than 150 psi[~""]
Indicate th* appropriate frequency for each of the following equipment cleaning or housek**ping operations:
All tte Tin* Hose o£ The Tin* Occasionally Mover
a '•; a p
;a
a
Clean tubs s*tu**n aaoh batch
itaus* apenc rins* uatar in
3ues*qu*nt batches
F*us* spent rins* watar to vwsh
tubs, aquipoont, ate*
a
a
G
G
G
b
G
5. Do you pick up spills using dry clean-up mthods?
S. Are any floor drains connected to th* itoia s*v*r?
7. Are any floor drains connected to th* sanitary sevoc?
G
G
G
G
8.
Indicate approximately how much water is used to claan ehe tab sizes listed:
7olun* of Mater naud ao Clean a Tanfc (gallons)
0-5
o--
n
a
a
a
a
a
6-10
a
a
n '
D
,a.
a
D
u-so
El
c
n
a
D'
' G
a
31-100
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
.-tore than 11
• D
a
a
a
. G
. G
a
9.
10.
If you us* solvent washing, is your spent solvent rodistilled? Yes I I So I I
Do you redistill solvent at this sit*? ; " ' Yes | | No h j
If yes, do you us* steaa injection distillation Yes [~"[ Ho F™]
If steao injection distillation is usod; what is tan disposition of th* contact staaa condansat*'
Discharged to stora sew*r | | Discharged to sanitary s*w*r [ | Mixed with cooling watar | |
Mixed with other process wastewatar f"l Oth*r I j '
11. If caustic is used for cub or equipment. cleaning, is spent caustic discharged to th* sanitary
3«w«r? Yes p| So j [ -, ..
12. If solvent is us*d for tub or equipment. cleaning, axa spent solvents discha'-.gad to the sanitary sever?
1.
Do you ua« v«t scrubbers in th« ink plant for air pollution control?
Which of the following other air pollution control dovicas do you utilis*? (Ink manufacturing operations only)
Afterburners j ] Electrostatic Precipitators [~~| Baghous* Collectors Q Cyclones j"^ Pilsars Qj
Other _
153
-------
3.
r.
Indicate which of eh* fallowing uastawatari aza eoabiaxi with tub cleaning vastawatsr bafore disposal;
««t Serobbar Q Boiler Slowdown Q Boiler Cleaning Q Hon-asntact Cooling Q Sanitary j~j Laboratory
A (indicate)
Wastevater Handling and Disposal
1. Total rolia» of ink process- vastavatar generated daily (gallons):
0 1-10O 101-250 251-5001 501-750 7S1-WOO Over 1000
Average
n a
0 G
G
G
G i
G :
G
D
G
G
G
2.
TnfMc-n»^ tha aethod(*) of ^<«r"wsl of wastawatar:
Caaplata tUfaf or Racycla I""] Evaporation I 1 | Partial Kcuse or Hacyele [""] Discharge of City S«w«r [j
^•aJ UneeT i Wesa* | |
Bave you Bade an application for an asnta p«rmit for process wastewatar? fa* | J "o | J
«av« you applied for and/or recaived an OTOES p«rait for csoling waster or stor»«ter runoff? Tas | J Mo | |
I£ yea to 4, 5 or 6 indicate tha nav* of stream or wmtar body receiving your vaatawatar
a. Ii proceu wai
aanicipalityi.
is discbarmd tr> dry i
the nazM and address of the sewar authority or
10.
u.
Indlcat* if tha ariicipality or j«xag« authority utiiiiaa any of eh« Jollowingi
lodiucriai Watta Ordinaoe* [~~|
S««»r 0«« CiargM or SurchargM |~~|
Uast«watae sanplln? at your plant | [
local p«rait zyitaa to discharge to tha siwar | |
Jl*qair«« you ts sazp;* and analyn your oira va«t»«at^r j [
I* your ittk pro=a«« vast«wat»r traat^ or conditional in any way b«for« disposal?
•D
M proc.«« wasewatar i* tr*at«l by th« plant prior Co aischarg.. iwUcata which wasts-mt«r strmams ar. scnbiawl
vita ch« procais vastas arior to ar.acaent. and t."* extant of sheir contriiution to th« waotwatar str«am.
Uajtewatar Source
of rotal Maatawater Strean Cndargoing rraacignt
01 1-20 21-40
Ink ?roces» Wastavatar Q Q | !
itaiin HaBofictoring I—I r~| I j
Uasuwatar I—I I—I I—1
SoUar Blovdown Q Q [""]
Air Pollution Control \] | ] [ |
Sanitary G G Q
Coaling Matar | j [~"j j |
Other G Q Q
11-40
D
G
G
G
G
G
G
€1-30
:G
G
• G
G
1 G
: G
i- n
31-99
G
G
G
G
- G
G
G
100
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
154
-------
12. Indicate Hathod<3) of wastewatar treatment or conditioning used at your sitai
neutralization
Settling or Clarification
Flotation
Chemical Treatment (polymer) | '|
Lagoon | J
Carbon Adsorption | |
13. Is your wastewatar treatment system batch ["""] ;
14. Is your wastewater discharge batch FH
| |
| j
Equalization I I
Evaporation ' | |
Chemical Treatment (lime) | i
Tritdcling Filter Q
Gravity Separation FH
Filtration; F"1 '
Chamioal Treatment (alum) [~1
Activaeed Sludge F~j
Chaaieal Traatnent (other)
or continuous | |
or continuous | |
15. Provide .the following information far your in-'plant wastawater treatment facility!
laar Installed 19__ ' | - '
_ Installed capital cost ($1 __ _ '
Approximate annual operating costs (S)_
Design volume
-------
2S. li you responded positively fas any of the analyse* listed above, please attach, data sheets jusmarizing the
analytical Information you have collected for the last four years. Indicate whether the analyses are Jor
uncreated or txeaeed wascewacer, and wnether rhe process wastevaear scream was combined with other waste ^
streams at the point of sampling.
26. Eatiaata the combined r.ev investment and total operating coses that will be required during the next Jour
years to aeec existing wacar pollution control regulations on tfa« local. 3ta.ce and Federal levels.
Total Maw Investment required S_
Annual Operating Costs i
27. Indicate which of the following miscellaneous regulatory areas you eacpecs.will require s^onificane investment
over thai next four years:
Odor [""I
Air PoUution Control
Therr-il,
(~]
Solid Waste j [
Sonic Substances Ace | |
Safe Drinking Water
IS. Estimate the anticipated new investawnc and aimual operating costs so aeee the carrent requirioents of these
other regulatory considerations over the next four years i
Total New Inrestaeac Required $_
Annual Operating Costs S
S. RAX ."ATSUALS •
Plus* eheck the. appropriate box for each clans of raw material which is used at this site (regardless of
quantity used) . If you are not positive abcuf the heading used, check the list of eradenames and numbers
and check the box if you use one of the materials listed. ., IS you use an unlisted material which is desc«i«d
exactly by the heading, checx the box? listing Che other material is optional* If there is no "other" listiid
for any category, checx the box only if one of the specific listed materials is used. Abbreviations used
for concany oaaes are listed at the end of this leceion.
DYES, FLCSHES. ANO
n
se LEAD
Cyascab Serie*
BaxBondi "anli-ii-h" Series
Eagle Picheri -S-P-202-, -E-P-303", -Z-P-»1"
Cacor* 4Sx
O«DE
Cheiecroni WT 6200 Series
Earshawt CR, JQl-TS
ML Ind.: Xequlsr (BtSJ r Red scar; Grade 101 FM-li
Oncer -23Ai 75RA> 7SRA2
Ctheri
I I zgg sciriaz PIOJSHTS
?era-0-U.th
Otheci
ASAJCOl -AZO--11.22,33,SS,S5LO,55Tr
ASAKCOt -AZCOOX" Series
£agle-?icher> "S-P-AAA, Series
M.J. Sine - "XX* Series
Otide* 30-P
St. Joe Minerals. *St«7oC" - 17, 20,40
Other American 71 no Oxidesi
n
ZIKC oxrpg
ASAKC3 - AZO 06, 77, 775
K.J. .Onct rior.nce Ore«n Seal - It -T&DOX' 2S.SJ.S
St. Jo* Hineralst *St. Joe* - 913.
Other:
I IgiTie yriiAi
-.B. DiTljl 50EW, 50SWJ, J134S, 533W, 533WJ, J13I.O
Ouponej r-539-O
Other:
^
COS? AND TUXES
M.J. Zinc: -Standard Zinc Oust" - 22,44,422, 444, 641
"Sigh ?uriiy Sine Ouss" - 122,222
•3.S. 3ron=e: 751, 752
Other:
D OTHER KCTAIilC fOWDEES AND rtSJCES a
XICXEI., SILVER. COPPES, LZan A
Alcan: *MD* Series
O.S. Sronie: "Cupro-Nickel"
Other:
D
Ferro Corp.: V-aa6O, V-8SSO, V-384O, V-3830, V-8S30
V-8820, 7-flS21, V-883S, V-H82S, V-834S
7-354O
General Color: 8OO, 80S, 313, 824, 827, 1000, 101
1020. 1024, 1027, 2000, 2012, 202C
2024, 2027, 301S, 3020, 3022, 3027
100S .
CUdden: •Cadaolith* 200 Serlest 2000 Serins
Harsh/no "Uthonnn* R«d" Serinsi C? 1401) Serlest
O> 1SOO Secies;
Hercules. X-2327. X-3327. X-2328. X-332II. X-2329
X-3329. X-2330. X-2947. X-29«S. X-2949'
: X-2950X
Other. Cadaiusi Reds:
r—I
RED. KAHOOX. CEtANGE
Cadmerc Series
Sarshaw: 18060. 18120. 18210. 18290. 1S370. 18410
C? Ofhirl'tn Series
Hercadiua Red Series
Other:
a<
*a. Cvanamid: "Sorwood Green* 10-3000 Series
Hercules: A-44OQ C.?. .Series
HYORATT3 CHUOMIDM OXTCE
n
Hercules: X-1010. X-1483. X-2944
Pfizer: GH-9869
C-ther:
n
CZRCKIOK OXIDE
F.3. Oavis: 3020, J 3310, J 53S1
Hercules: X-1134 C.P.. X-1861 C.7.
Pfizer: G 4099, G 5099, G 6099, 3 6139, G *099
Other
156
-------
• PIGMENTS, OYgS, ?tUSHES ASB OISPgaSIOHS. (Cant.)
D
CaDMUM YELLOW AMD ORAHGE'
Ferro: 7-9820, 7-9520, 7-9810, 7-9510, 7-8810, 7-881S
General Color: 920, 950, 970, €20, 640, 660
Cadmolith Serias ,
Glidden: 3050, 3150, 32SO, 3350. 3450, -3550 ;
Harshaw Chea.: 1400 Series; 1500 Series; Primrose - 20, 206,
23, 1400 Series,; Lemon 30, 306, 32, 33,
Yellow 4O, 406, 42, 43, 45, 456, Light
Orange 50
Hercules: X-2272, X-2273, X-2233, X-231S, X-2S21, X-2S2S,
X-2823, X-2824, X-232S, X-2326, X-3201, X-3203,
X-3205, X-2320, X-2326, X-294S, X-2946
Other Orlmi im Yellow and Oranges
I I CHROME
in. Cyanamid - fallow 40 Series, Primrose 40 1450, 1460
F.a. Davis - J1200 Series '
Dupon-f - I-758-Oi y-433-Oj 434 0, 469 D, Krolor KX Series
Harahaw: "Vallov 2000" Seriasi *Grallow" 39SO, 3951,
"Srisiroso" Sarias, Softax Series \ '
ffarcules: X-1937, X-3148, X-1945, X-2558, X-1899, X-2S48,
X-33S5, X-1S09, X-2541. X-33S6, X-2891, X-2774,
X-321S, X-2777, X-2778, X-321S, X-3480, X-1810
X-2035, X-3431, X-34S9 aanpart HR Med.
Oncotr W7.-A , ;
Hiefaea: 1561E. 1590, 1610E, 1610, 310SE, 310S, 8777E,
• 1678PO, 1677PO, 1605PD, 1640, 1670
Saichhold:. Yallow 45-100 Sarias, 45-200 Series
Other Chroae Yalloust :
n
canons
Harshaws 2201. 2204, 2213, 2205, 2209, 2203
Harmless x-819 CP Light
Other:
D
MOLYBOATS ORM1GE COtTIAIiliaa CHROMinK AHO/OR LEAD
Am. Cyanamid: Orange 400-8000 Series
Ouponts Holy. Orange-re Series; Krolor!: Or.Y. KC—789-O;
Krolor Or.?. KC-786-O; Krolor Red, Kr-980-^O
Barsnaw: "Ming,JJrange" Series
Hercules: Rex Orange Series, "Chili Red" x-3170,•
Rampart Or - X-3386, X-3390; Rampart ER Or X-3047
Hicham: Holy. Or. 1720, 1730, 1740 ,'
Reichhold: Orange 45-365, 45-366, 45-370, 45-382 !'i
Other Molybdace Oranges> . :
a
RED LEAD. LITHASGE. 3LOE LEAD, ETC. . ,
Eagle-Picher: E»gla 97 Redhead; Eagle 29 Lithargaj
Eagle 33 Litharge; Eagle Sublimed 31ue
Lead
Hammond: "Litaarge" 100X; Red Lead - 85%, 95%, 97% :
98%, Orange Mineral
NL Ind: • Red Lead 95t, 97%, 93%; "Fume* Litharge: ',
"Color Makers' Litharge '
Other:
a
PHLOXINE REP
I iLinttKESCSKT SIGMEtlTS COMTRIiHiC LSAD
HostasoiR 13-3397, 3398, 3399, U-5100
Other:
D
3LOS CONTAItmtS SILVER
Davis Co.: 4103, 448, 449, 4S8B, 41S6H, 45323
Xohnstamo: A4S7S, A9B29
Landers-Segal: S301F, 5303F, 5183P, 5400F
wittaker, Clark, Daniels: 500 Series
Other: ,-
D
D BROWN AMD GBlUf PIGMENTS CONTAINING ZINC
AND/OR CHROMIUM
Ferro: V-9U7, 7-9119, 7-9121, 7-5101, V-5102,
F-6109, F-S111, F-6112, F-«113, V-9128
Harshawt 7733. 7739, 7751, 7760, 7776,
Hercules: 10393, 10352, 10369, 10392, 10327, 10391, '
10378, 10328, 10363, 10394 . /
Other Browns and Grays Containing Zinc And/Or Chromium
D
BICE
Am. Cyanamid: "Cyan* 55-3000 Series
Hostaperm 15-1000 Series
BASF: "Paliofast" Blua - 6000 Series, 700O Series,
Chemtront BT-4510, 3L-4S21, 3T-4559, BT-4561,
BI-4S64, BT-4614, BT-4651
; Irgazin -Blue 3GT •
Irgalita Blua LGCD
Oupont: Monstral Slue ST Series, BL Series,
"Ramapo" Blue - 3P Series
Harmon Colors: 3-4714, 3-4769, 3-4773, 3-4804
Harshaw: "Zulu" Blua 4800 Series,
Hercules: X-292S, X-3374, X-3048, X-2303, X-3414,
X-3223, X-2371, X-2810, X-3367, X-3453,
X-26S8, X-2372, X-3241, A-4434,^-348S,
X-3527. X-912O. X-92!fl. MoB»Tft?h™ Bin..
Hilton-Davis:
-3527, x-9120,
30-0286, 30-0291, 30-0344;
SOF-R-CONC* 6-68-C-301
Konnstamt A5712 "Monafaae* Blue
Nicheaii "Shthalo" Blue 500O Series, U40>
Sandozi -Graphthal" Blue SNK
Son Chrait Sunf asc Blua and Peach Blua Sorian
Other Phchalocyanine Blues
Series
D
PHTHSLOCfaHIHg G8ESH
Am. Cyanamid: Cyan Gr'een Y1S-304O; 315-3100
Hostapera 1&-2000 series
BASF: Paliofast Green 3600, 868O, 3720, 9140, 936O
Cheatron: • GI 4SOQ Series
Dupont: Monstral' Green GT Series
' "Ramapo" Green B, GT-501-O
Harmon Colors>'~'a-5000 Sarias,
Harshawi "Zulu* Green - 3800 Series
Herculesi X-3166, X-3167, A-4433, A-4436
Hilton-Oavis: '30-031S, 30-325; SOT-R-CONC
6-€8-C-401 B.S.
!Cohnstama> a 1581, A 5776
Hicham: Phthalo Green 4000 Serias
Sandoz: "Sandorln" Green 3GLS
Sun Chaasi Sunfast Green 264-0000 Series; Sunrast
Serias; "Emerald vista" Green 264-444
Other Phthalocyanine Greenst
I 1 CORRO3IOH mHIBITING PIGMEtTCS COHTaiMIKC CHROMIUM
?.a. Davis: Strontium Chromate J-1365
Calciua Chromate J-1376
X-2865, x-2974 strontium Chromate
464
u..Harcules
Other:
a
CORROSIOH INHI3ITO1G PIGMEMTS COHTAISING ZINC
F3. Davis: Zinc Holybdate 0830, Zinc Phosphate 0852
"HALOX" ZX-lll.
HL'Ind.: Halzin SC-1, "Holy-white" 101. 212
Other:
I _ JcORSOSIOK nngBITISS PIGMEtlTS COtlTMaiKG LEAD
Sagla Picher: "Permox" 1-4-3, Ternox" X
Hamnond: P-7, c-9
Other:
IHOH BLUE CCHTAIMIilS CfAMIPES
JDIARILID2 ORANGE TONER (PICH1OROBENZIDEME-OERIVED)
An. Cyanamid: 50-0000 Series, "AUealoric", "Mile
"Blacxstone"
F.3. Davis: "Milori" Slue 4049, 4215
Harahawi "Hilori" Blue AR 4028, 4050
Sercules: X-640 C.P., X-2274 C.P., X-3163 C.P.,
. X-2235-C.P., X-1835-C.P., X-712 C.P.
A-984 C.P., X-3434, X-3340
Other: '' - '
An. c/anamidi "Oiarylide Or; "45-285O, "45-2880 Series
Aa. Hoechst: '5era. Or." 12-1000 Series
Chemtron: OT-5661
Harmon: OP-S833-
Herculea: X-2065, X-3082
Sandoz: 3272-0
Sun Cheat 276-2384
Other Oiarylide Orange Toners (Dichlorobenzidene Derived) :
-------
PIGKEHTS. DYSS, FLESHES ANO OISPERSICHS (cone.)
A». Cyanamldi 45-2555, 45-2650
A«. 8e«CJl»ei 11-1101, 1103, 1006, 1003, 1200, 1300, U16,
1300, 1216, 1012. 1013, 1305, 1125 ',
1012, 1013, 1305, U7*i
CIWKZOIU tT-8073, YS-8047, YT-6093
t* T«llow L3AM
Color*! V3-570O Sariu
Y«llow 1200 S«ri«»
Buculut 1-2435, X-1940, X-2476, X-2600. X-2382, X-338S,
X-2S38, X-2864, X-3446, X-3S3S, X-9340 |
Silton-0*»£»« Di-irrlid* r*l 30-0535j Sup-R-Csne 5«rins
XebnsUBU A9145, A9744. 33503, 13577, 13615
Hiebuu *»uuzidla« Y«l" 3000 S«ri«»
Sindoti 4233-0, 4335-0, 4534-0) 'Sriphtol YcllaV Kdi
Sun Cunt -Kac?30a Yd- 273-OOOO S«ri«i -TUdiant Y«l'
274-0000 S«rl««i -twoon Metallic- - 275-0003,
275-51291 "Siuylld* Y«l« 27S-O049> •Tranifara
ITSR- 275-2233 '
Otiuf Olazylld* r«llov Tonars (Dichlorob«nzid»n« D«riv*d) >
SLACK ?IG>i£tfa CC
I I
asns XKD MABCOHS (DicgLoscBgtarpEita
SiMchac: 13-1000 -Vcra R»d- VB
Calozai a-6200 SarlM
Stxxhxwi -IVrualixm 8*d* 1153
Sun OMI 'Aoiiea R*d- 236-5025
Othut
I— I tUSCZUAKZOaS REDS, MAROONS TCNZRS AMD IJUETS
I IcoHixtapc zmc, CHUOMTOM. ANO/CR
A*. So*ciuic> 13-4305 *?«za fink* E-O
OMttrom KT-53101 RT-5340I RT-539O
Ochxci
D
tastntjm.rras YEUOU AMD ORAMCE TCNZKS AND
ANTIMONY AHD/OR CHBOMIOM
BASTi Tulioail tallow*- -1690, 1770, 2330)
tMOioMt "!4«c»or Suii" 7370, 7376
•itauor Oring.- 7383
•M«t«oc tin* 7729
Oeit*z>
a
AMD ORANGE TOKERS AND
LAJXS coMTArtrnc COPPER AKD/OR
SASTl Tallotol I.llou
H«T-«h»vi
Othurt
1070
2912
(— l KISCZtiAHSOTS YSIXOU AMD GRANGE TOHEHS AMD LAKES r
I I CCiflXtNUC HIOSI.
SACTl TaliotOl Yallow* C830 >
OuPonei "Cr««a Sold' Y^-714-o, YT-562-D
Banhavi *Sun-Y>llov-S', NS310, C3320. •Son-auff ;
S33O
i X-3247 •r=vr«a» Grain Yalloir", 10401
n
_
sure, PURPLE AKS VIOLET
CTBOMICM
Terra i V-5200 31u*j V-5272 Blaa-CrMn, V-5274
M«d. Slu*
gii-ih»«i *X«t»ar Cetaklc* - BLa-7536
•itaMor Cabale* - BL 7550. 7556
*»«c«or Turquois«-Cob«lf "579
Oth*ri
I - 1 (USaQiMttOCS SLOE. POUPLE AND VIOLET PIGMESIS
1 _ I COKTXiaiHS CAOMICM
B«rcul««i 10312 *C*ral**n Blu«'
Cthmrr
D
Miser'r,Anreqs BLAO: ?IOGSTS eonrxiNiMg COPPER
r.rrot V-302, V-717, r-2302, f-6331,
Krxhawi .7S90 *!Ue«or Bk*
?«rroi -v-6730
Uurcului 10335 Hack
Ctiar:
a
XISCZLLANECCS YELLCW FIGMENTS CCHTAINISS
AMTIMCKY. LSAO. AND/CR
H«rcul««j 10315 Lwon fallow, 10324 Antxr,
10401 Yellow
Otbar:
D
sispmsiots - vrnirg'
,\urup«r3« Anriaonr Oxide M-320 ' XR LT3
Othor:
D
AQCE30S DISPCESICHS - SCO
Podvllz Vf-5031
Oeharz
tad*
(— lAQOTOOS OlSTERSICftS - YTXLOM (DIQCLORCBCalDENZ
I I
Colanyl Yellow OT 11-11O9
Aurup«r>« W-1041
Barcului X-2413, X-2453, X-3611
Saadoz: "Graptieol Yallov* 4534-2
Podall: W-3827
Otlmr:
a
KZSCZIIAKBODS
COPPER CH CSBOMICM
?erro. F 5686, 5637, 7637, 7610, 11633, 11649,
11655, 11656
Hinhtwi Sun 5r««n I. 9420, M«toor 741(i, 7459
B«rculM> 10342, 10329, 10307, 10402
Othari
I IAQOSOCS OISPESSIOKS - YTLLOK COBtAISISG LEAD
I IAKD/OR CHROMIUM
Hydrotin«R 0 .512, 0536
Aurup«r3e w-1031
Harahaw B-1133
Inaone: 991 3O22 CJiroaa Loon Ydllow, 991 038
ClrcoM H«diun Yellow
Podtll: H3013, W3S07, IH3499, W39O3. H3904
Aquaspcrsa 377-OOO-2065
ColortreiKl CP886S O
0£har Aqueoux Disparalonja - Yallow Cc:
and/or Chrooduats
I
nAQUEOOS DISJERSIONS - YELSCW COKBUHDC
AMD/OR CADMIUM
AurMp«n«R H1061, W1068
Hercul**i X-3291
Podall: W3941, H3946
Oth«ri
{ _ I
orspsasiCHS. - ORANSZ
Dtni«lt
20—59 >»lyb
-------
gIGMEMTS. DYES. FEOSHES ASO OISPggSIOKS '(Cone.
I 1 AQUEOUS OISPERSIONS - GREEN CONTAINIM3 COPPER i
I 1 AND/OR CYANIDES
ColanylR Green 16-2O05, 16-2001, 16-2010
Chematron: WDG-55, ' :
Daniel: BD2744,. UL20-77, OCS 10-70D, AC 66-78, OL 20-79
Hydrotint D-3658
Aurasperse M-60U j
"Aquis" Manastral Green - B.GW-749-P >
Harshau: "Thalo" Grean MC-O
Imparsa' Graan - X-2346, X-24S4, X-2689, X-3244, X-3288,
Hilton-Davis: 6-11-B-462: 6-ll-B-432» 6-33-T-410 '
Inmont: 991-8-O41 "Phthalo" Groan a/Si 991-006 "Graan
Phthaio" Y/A ,
Landers-Segal: 3336D "Phthaio" Graen w.o.
Podell: W-26O3A, IW-2829
Sandoz: Graphtal Graan 5869-2
Aquasperse 877-000-5 SU
Cal-Tint HC-3022, 3046, 3011 ' '
Colortrend GP-8811D !
Tennecb: "Thalo" Grean 897-000-5501 :
Other Aqueous Dispersions - Grean containing Copper
and/or Cyanides: , ;
I I AQUEOUS OISPERSIONS - GREEN CONTAINIHS CHROMIUM
Danial: gcs 10-72K !
Hydrotint D-310
Aurasperse W 6O17 . ;
Harshawr Oxrooiua Oxide HC-K
IMPerse Green X2722, X3289 ,
Podelli H-203S, M2607At. W2817 1
AquaSpersa 877-000-4205
Cal-Tint OC-30OS • • ' '
Colortrend GP-8805K . :
Other Aqueous Dispersions - Graan Containing Chroisiuas
| 1 AQUEOUS DISPESSIONS'- S1OE COWtAINISG COPPES Z8O/OS.
I ICYAMIDES !
ColanyAlue 15-1006 i
Chemetroa HDBS6 >
Microsol arillianc Blue 4G Pasta ~
Oaniai: AC 66-27, WD 2223, Ol 20-26, OCS.10-20E
Hydrotine 04S46
"Aquig" Monastrai^w-37z-t, HW-431-P )
Auraaparse W4123 ]
Barsnawj "Phthalo!1 Blue MC-E, 3-4011
IMPersa Blue X-2345, X-2446, X-2687, X-2688, X-2663, X-3221
X-3496 ',
Hilton-Davisi 6-11-3-32S "Shthalo" Bluet 6-33-T-31S "Phthalo"
Blue (S.S.I . ;
Inmont: .991 037, 991S-O4O;.
Kodis Blue ti-21
Podell: W-6402, W-6307R, 1H-62934, IW-«942
Sandozs "Graphtol" Blue 6812-2, 6325-2
Tennecoi 8|5-OOO-7202'"Thalo" Blue '
Aqua-Sparse "THaio" aiua - 377-OOO;7026, 377-000-7214
Cal-Tint' alua ac-3O14t Colortrand Blue - G? 8814E '
Other Aqueous Dispersions tBlue Containing Copper And/or cyanide
I [ NOB-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - RED CONTAINING
I I eapMitm AMD SSIBIIDM
Inmont: C|daiium Red - 5419, 5420
Chroma-Cal Cadmium Had 850-000-0601, 350-000-0301
Other:
D
NON-AQOZOCS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW CONTSIBING
LEAD AND/OR CHROMHIM ,
Daniel: Chroma Yellow - At 405, AL 409
Alkytint Chrome Yellow - S-536, S-5507
Hilton-Davis i Chrome Yellow— S-24-A-200;
S-24-A-203; S-24-A-206> 5-42-A-201j
- S-42-A7206i 5-83-P-3S3f 5-21-9-212
Auraeota Chrome Yellow 5-SO-?-36S '
Inmont: Qirone Yellow 3,6i Medium Chrome Yellow
2347, 2612, 4904, 5413, 5414, 6258
Oni-Cal _-66 - 6604M, 6665X
Chroma-Cal - 350-000-2006
Tennaco: Chrome Yallow - GSD 2006: GPO 2510
Other:
i - 1 NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW '
I I (BICHU1ROBEMZIDSNE
Inmont: Diarylida Yellow 1178, Transparent Yallow 1198
Other:
| - 1 NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - ORANGE CONTAIHIHG
I _ 1 LEAD AND/OR CHROMIUM
Oaniai: Molybdate Orange: AL SIS, UL 2069
_Hilton-Oavi3 : Chrome Oranga S-24-A-60Ot Orange
Bland S-24-A-609; Molybdata Oranga
5-24-A-616, 5-42-A-«12j 5-83-P-635,
, S-42-A-61S, S-21-P-603 -• •
Auraeote Holybdata Orange 5-50-R-639
Inmont: Molybdata Orange 840, 2377, 4905, 5415, 6264
Tanneco: Moly Orange GPO 0940
Chroaa-Cal 850-000-O903
Other:
D
NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - BLDS COMTAIMiaS LEAD
AND/OR CHROMIUM
Chetatroni
Other:
"SCOT" fS-89Si "SCOT" RS-957j "NCMf- HS-1197J
"BCOT" RS-1795
D
AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - 3UJE CONTAINING SILVER
Hydrotint D4053.
Kodis Blue AD-23
Landers-Segal: 5494-0 Ultramarine Blua,,WD
Podall: W-6032, IW-6940
Aquasperse 317-000-7504 Ultra Blue '.
Cal-Tint' Blue - UC-3074
Other:
D
NON-AOUEOOS. OISPERSIONS - BLUE COHTMNIHC SILVER
Alkytint 5448
Danial: AL 221
Inmont: 6297
Tanneco: 7504
Other:
r-1
! ; NON-AQUEOUS OISPERSIONS - USD CONTAINING LEAD
Red
Daniel: AL625
AlJcytint' S-5022 Le. Molybdate Orange
Hilton-Davis:
other:
'Quinacridone"
! Lt. Molybdat
5-42-A-123 Toluidine Rad, Dark
| 1 NON-AC.UEOUS DISPERSIONS - GREEN CONTAINING LEAD
• I | AND/OR CHROMIUM •
AUeytineR Green S-310
Danial DCS 10-72S
Tennecoi GPO-4Z02O?, GSO-4509 CP, GPO-4208, GPD-5103'
Hni-Cal 66-6605
Other:
l: I [NONiAQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - GREEN CONTAINING
I [COPPER AMD/OR CYANIDES
Hostaprint Green 16-2008
Chametron: "Phtftalo" Green FS-7S4> FS-958:
- FS-1192, FS 1794
HicroLtth Green G-A, G-T, G-K ;-
AJJcytint Green S-317
Daniel: "Phthalo" Green - AL 703, UL 20-77,
UCS 10-70D, AC 66-78, OT 75-74, EP 30-7t,
ST 47SO, AL 745, UL 20-79,
Hilton-Davis: "Phthalo" 3reen - 5-24-A-400,
S-24-A-40S, S-42-A-4O7, 5-42-A-411, 5-24-A-435
S-83-P-401, S-42-A-400, S-33-P-401, S-21-P-441,
5-21-P-444, Chrome Gr. 5-24-A-406
Auraeote . Phehalo 5-65-A-427 -
•Innbnt: Chrome Graen 1, 809? "Phthalo" Green
1083, 1168, 1199, 1245, 2330,'2610, 3035,
5412, 5447, 54r2 '
Podeil: 2000 Sariea prafix AL. AH, AME, AV, c, CS, CU,
DU, LA, LC, S, VT, Y
Tennacoj CTD-5503, GPO-4S03-L?, -AD-5503
Uni-Cal 56 - oollR
Chroma-Cal" Green 850-000-3001
Other Non-Aqueous Dispersions - Green Containing
Copper and/or Cyanides:
159
-------
ores, nesses XBD 3is?sasion3 (Con-e.)
(— I SOM-AQCE003 OIS5ERSION - 3LOE COHTAINIJC COPPER.
I J AN3/CR CfAMISES _ ^_
I l
OteP-saSICHS - !3UE CCNTMMIia SILVER
A3R-K
Alkytint 54213, 54SS7, S-1B2
S*ni«ll At 201A. AL 231A, AL 29€B. AC 66-27, UT 7S-28,
CT 30-23, it 4260, ML 297R, AL 298, UL 20-26.
UC3 10-20E
Biltoa-C«vi»«, "Cxin««» Blu«" 5-24-A-304, 302i 'ghfhala
Blu* - S-24-A-306. 304, 308, 309, 311.
5-21-P-33S, 337, 5-4Z-A-312. 305, |
S-S3-P-300.301
Auracot« Slu« S-45-A-39S
1190. 1202, 1211, 2609, 5444, 547S, 3034,;
4914, 1077, 4916, 9024, 2327, 5498, 6150,
6000 S«ri«» prefix At, AX, AKE, XV, C, CS, DO,
tc. s, SR, sr, VT. *
CTO-7309. 7209,
Oni-Cal £6_- 6608P, 6614O
Cnra*»-C»l - 150-000-7202
Othur Bon-Ao»ylie
Acidi Oi««arl E»t«) Ethyl ?oraie Eit«r: Phtha.lic Acidi
Diathyl E»t«rs Ethyl M«th»no»t«i Eehyl Phtiv«lJ.t«» Foroi
EChari •Snorol", "Ar«<7in«l" , TV««nttin«"; "Psl*tinol A";
•Plreaalol"; "51»cidol«"; "Solvanol"
Otimr:
I I PLASTICTISBS cotrnmaiic DI-Z-STHYLHEXYI,
OOP, Phth»lic Acid, Oi-S«c-Octyl-Phth«Jl*e«
Jcyiluc DO?
o-DOP
OOP, PX 138
Suticizu 215
Othur
'DJ
Ochurt
L:c SOAPS ASP
s ;cs?rrs CCNTMKTMC a
A*ro Mo. 4S O.S.P.i Dliaond 'Zinc St. H", 'ilnc St. OSP',
•Zinc Se. OS^ 603", "Sine St. 639C"; Nuodax US?, ;01G-10, DtS-20,
T«chnie«l» Plynoath XXX-B. SI-36, SI-50, So. 21: i
Uitco TUKjaiaXf L» V12S!S,
V133i V1S77, V134I 71298, V152: V1399 . V1026!
VT.420, V1048t V1S03, V1204r V1SS5, V1216; Vl'572
Otiar Stabilizers Containing Zine and/or Cidaim:
1212A. 1776,
2020: 5444
5330, 6V6A
-10-
160
-------
CHEMICAL SPSCJAtTlES (Cent.)
n
STABILIZERS CONTAINING LEAD OS. PHENOL
Intaratab W-24
Troykydr Anti-Skin Special Mod.
Anti-Skin Odorless
Other:
I I WJ.TJNO AGENTS CONTfllimia PHEKOL
Sianond: "Hyonic" Series
Witco 936, 960, 930
Other:
n
MISCELLANEOUS HETTINS AGENTS
Aerosol;: OS
Troyaan Zinc 3 , ,
i—1 VISCOSITY SUSPENSION S FLOW CONTSOL AGENTS
I [CONTAINING TOLUENE .
Pliolitaa AC-3 • .
Other:
AHTI-SlCTHNIiK! AGENTS COMTaiHIMG PHENOLS
n
"Cuaiacol SpeciaLC"; Troykyd" Antiakin Special
Modified, IBoyteyd AntisJcin Cdorlass Liquid.
troykyn Antisfcin Si Sevillac 10, TS
Other: \
n
PPESSSVATIVgS
"Intercida"'PMO 11*, PMA 1S», SO
Huodex PMR-18, PMO-10
"Troyaan" CMP Acataca. PHA10 SEP, CMP 10 SEP, PMO 30,
. PUB, Mercuric Oxide, PMA 30, PMA 100
•Super AO-lt"
Other Preservatives Containing Mercury
n.
CONTAINING COPPER
Intentab "Capper Naphthenata" 6%, 3%
"Tntercide" copper 10*
Insotral" CQ-A. CQ-WR, CN8
"Nap-All" Copper Naphthanate
"TJvaraoJj" Copper Haphthenata
Troysan' Copper 3
Hitco" Copper Naphthenate
Muodex Copper Naphthenata
"Quindex"
Other Preservatives Containing Copper:
D<
CONTAINING PSNTACHLOROPHESOL (PCP)
Oowicide S, EC-7
"Santobrite"
"Penta"
"Santophen-20"
•5CP"
Other PCP Presermcivea
n
"Interatab" Zinc Naphthenata 3%
"Ttoysan" Zinc 3
"Vancida" S1Z
."Bap-All" Zinc Naphthenata
"Uverrol" ^^^** Naphthenata1
Uitco Zinc Kaphthenate
Other Zinc Preservativaet
n
OTHER PRESEBOTITIVES
Dovacide A
I - 1 OSXIHC Oil. MOOtE-IED AUCCD SOLUBLE
I _ ISAPHTHALSNB _ .
OR COHTMfTCNG
Aroplaz 310-V-SOj "Coroc" L-26-34, S-47-H4, S-4700-a4j
Reliance AL-4313-HA-50, AL-3617-SA-SO, AL-4409-HX-SO ,
.AL-4313-HA-SO, . ;
Other: ;
r— I OICOSG on. MOorrtEo ALKIO SOLUBLE ra OR CONTRINING
I I TOLUENE OR ^'X '
Xoppers: 1330-27, 7365-SS-70
Haliances AL 4310-T-50, AL 4323-T-6O
"Synraaatar D-30360-T, W-7170-T
Other:
n
NOH-ORXIS5 i SEMI OXIDIZING OIL MOOIFIZO ALXZO SOLOBLE
Dl OR CCNTAIIgHG SZSXZBENZEltS OR TOLOENB '
Concheoce 323-O10 ' f
Xoppers 99-4, 99-ES-70; -Mirasol" 123-6-T, '131. 902, !
RCI-12-O10, 12-021; Helianca AL-2107-TX-60 , AL-2313-TIB-SO,
AL-4106-1S-75, AL-4129-T-60 ; ^Synraaata" W-7170-T '<
Other: " I "
| - 1 RESIN MODIFIED AUCfDS SOLUBLE HI OR CONTAINIMG TOLUENE
' I OR H
Aroplaz 1031-T-70: "Mirasol", 214 , 202-A> Rd 10-O10, ,
Reliance AL-3321-HA-50 Varicyd 310-SOHS
Other: ' '
I - ICOPOLXMER ALODS SOLUBLE' IS OR COSTRISIK3 TOLUENE OR
I _ I NAPHTHALENE _ I
"Chempol" !3-2444i "Synresata" O-98SO-S, TP-134-OAi |
Reliance SY-2003-VT-SO; "Salpol" 3713-'50E ' '
Other:
(— [CSL1OLOSE RESINS SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING MET3TL
LJ CHLORIDE OR TOLUEHE _ ___________ •
Eastnan "CA" Series, CAB 381-O.I, CAB 331-0. S,
CAB 331- 2O, CAB 451-1. CAP 432-0. S ;
Other: , '
n
POLXESTER AUSmS SOLUBLE IK OR COHTAINING TOLtTHNE OR
MftPHTHALZMS
Aroplaz 6022-S-6S, 602S-S-70, 6029-S-<5Oj Capjill
6619/6619-70, 6620/6620-60t "Synreaate" W83270EX03,
H876OS
Other: / .
I IEPOXX SOLUTIONS SOLUBLE in OR CONTAINING
"EPI-REZ" - 2047; Armldite* S71-T-7S, 597-ST-5S,
.597-EX-S5, 597-ST-SSj Dow D.E.R. 671-T7S; GanEpoxy
526T-25, Epotuf^ 33-S08, 33-507, 33-519
Epon Resin 1001 ST 70, 1001 CS-7S, 1001 FT-7S, 1O01 T-7S
10O7-CT-55, 10O7-KT-SS> Vanoxy 201-T-7S, 2O1-8T-70,
201-FT-7S, 207-iW-SS, 207-CT-5S
Other Epoxy Solutions Soluble in or Containing Toluene t
I IPOLXAMIDES SOLUBLE IN OR CCNTAININC TOIJENE
'CI3A Polyanide" 800IT60, 81ST-70; •CropoliOid" L-100 IT;
Saery "anerez- 1SOO; Varaamid 400, Epo'tuf 37-621. 37-648,
'anAnid 3rtrt «"--=rt
%her:
D™ '
UREA
VanAnid 30O ET-60
Other:
bt ca coNraiiiiac TOLUEME
Reliance AM-1008-IT-SS, AM-1012-IT-5S
Other:
a
RESINS soLnaLS is OR GOHTAimas MAPHTHRLSNE
Mnlnar 243-3
Other:
n
VIHK, SOLIDS. PVD (SYBTHESIZED ?ROM VINYL. CHLSRID'Ei
APCI "PVC" Series; Goodsuar "Pliovic" Series i
OCC - Trap: VYNC. VYBD: QYUtf, VTLF; CVK7, VTSS; '7ITV,
VYNWi QYJV, VAGH; QYOH, VAGD; QYSL, VMCH; QVSJ,
VHCC; S-2000; VMCA; VXDS, '^ROH; VTCDS-66, VERR;
"Saran aesin" ?310
Other vinyl Solids, PVC:
161
-------
r"l>oiaviH«, Msan isYirrgESizsp raoM vran. CHLORICE), M s-mugre a vrrei, roicsre SOISHLS :n -rpta
:* »7, ais, i2S. 1100, saoo, Asasis
f— IJOX3VD1H. AtCOBOt, FORMAL £ SO«SM. SOlDBtS HI
[ _ jog cetrtAiHias PKEMOI. OR TO
Sului occ XXSL. rrss. EMC, EDBH
t vpntLSjga
Other:
D
S«ria»f "Saxan tacax- 143» folidaaa S«ria»
s
S01I33 SOUBLg IX OR CCTTAINIMC TOS
Acryloid'" I«8U, 350, B66. 267, S72. 382
I J
re soumcMS scrsatr IM on cstmnrcc i
311—tQS,- 311-1301 O.v»cit«a 6011, 6012, 6013.
8014. 6016, 60241 G Car. 867 RJ» 60, 868 RHF 6O,
*69 KBT SOr Acryloiir fc-21, A-21LV, i-44. S-48S,
»-50. B-66, 8-72, B-82. S-fl«. »-99, C-lOtV
Oth«ri
soumix a o*
«i««
lurlonr S«i«« ;
Othmri
I IpBaMLie assiss
>xof«n«R S«ri««j Aa2j«rolR STS137, Sup«r Secitacitm '
S«ri««i Raiehold (V) 29-000, 100, 4OO S«ri««:
DCS CK-12B2, CK-1634»
3EJ.-JS20, SKS-2315, SX5C-245S. BKS-2600, BtS-2700,
1KS-2750I Aa«rOl ST-149f OCC "CS" S«riu, CKSS-2001!
7«ntalyn
*sh*BC3*
oehwr ;h*nolic
.^R
p-i OLSORESISODS VRBNXSSES SOtSBlX IS OR CCSTMSIW
I _ iPHENOT, Ca STHYtaUCSHS '. __ ] _ , _
Con=h«aco 385-0031 Tenneco 2-12B; KeCl:»X«y
12225-54 SSD, 10424-55B, U233-SSEND., H32S-SO ESB,
735-41E, 10917-54EKD, 1633-58E, 162S-60N! Syncon C3-3-SO,
3024-65ENO, 133S-56E, UlSOrSlND. 10731-461, 10931-28E,
2211-46E, 320-50na3i Xalvnr' G-«3a-<06, G-S81-50H
Chempol 15-2509, 15-2518; Mjucvar 2Slfi, 2S98> Syiicon"
S«ci«a, ?-24'7, r-121.. 'losa, HIS.,
"L*vrcnr" SEries i "Sop«rior" S«r±e« ,
Oth«r Oleorulnsus v»miiii«« Solublo la ac
or -
nsiii
HapH
soLoats is OR cosraisiJjs wiana oil
OCC-R-12J Carqill 6106-60
Ocbor:
I IMKLEIC sarsnciis sormrs m on CONTMSIHS T
ArociiMR S20T: syncon HAS6OT
a a earamae
78-|OT, Sjwncer XP 1857i "Synre»«i:«' a83270
EX03> Sp«nli£« Wl-301j Sp«no«r 3V -MOO" S«ri««
Otbwr:
[—I M1SCILLANEOCS SOU/BLS IM OR CCHTTiUIIUS T
I I KETgYI. CEZ^RIEg. OR TSICHLCP^gTHYt^yE
ElvaxR 40 i "Visas' PE207, PI2071T, ?E222, PT222T, PS307,
PE3077, VPESS45A, VPE S571A..J HCS 10-V14
Ochar:
CipuolR a»nz«r«j B«oi«r.« (Nitrttion Grid.) I
"3«niol", •Cycloh«x«tri«n«" Co»l ttaphtiia. Benzol Sydcids,
Othur: ^
LJ B
?Ot3BTE MIX
SolVX, "Solv1 A-3Q, 'Sol*' \-el. "Solv1 A-lOOi
Cyolo»ol 27", 2»l EsjiMOl 7200-\l Slc«ily SK-69 [
Oth«s:
I l-
Sip««olR 1° Tolu«n«, 7200, ticcol Spirits
Toluolj H«thyl-3«ni«n«.- M«etaeid« ?henyln«eh«n«i Toluonol
Oe^crt
I i
AKICO Sol» 3» Oyelo«ol 37
tap«»oi Sthylbanr«n«» Asuco -Sup«r Si-
Shell TS-2S8
I i ISOPBOaOKE
3-5-5-Trinaehyl-2-Cyclohajcan-l-On«
I ICAJUKMt TrrSAC3tCRI3E
Dov
EC; x»c!un«
?«rcalcron«sh«ii«! H«c»torin»i
I I
CTT/1RC3ESZEMB
Kooociiloro-3cnz«na> a«nznne-Oilpride ; Shanyl Chloridn
Ashland Monoc&loro B«CZ«Q«I Dow Konocnlors 8«nzs>i«
oth«r:
PI 1,2.4 -T
n!.».«.
Ethyl«n« Dichlorid*; Dow Echylim* 3ieaiorid«;
Olln E£!>yl«r.« 2ic!-.lorid«
n 1.1.1-a
M««hyle&loroforai 1-1-1-TC2; Cilorori:«n«i Vinyl
Tricnlori4«i l-l-l-Triehioro«tMn«i 1-1-2 TricJtloro«chanr
Oo« -Ciaoroeusnm- Htt! Qxloroeli«n« VO, SU»
X-Trichloro* ch«n«
"rri«thon«"j •3«nkl«n«"
I !bi»
I |
Trichlorcmaehan*
I Ij.Z - DI
O-Oiciiloratxnzxna t ?-Oichloreb«n=an*
Sov Ori-jjdieiioro 3cnz«n«
?ropyl«n« Dichlorid*
-12-
162
-------
sawarrs (Cone.)
CHLORIDS
Mathwu Oichlorid«> DicbloreoaeiiaiMt M««!tyla
Bichloride i M«thyl«n« bichloride
Dow P
D
Tri«l«n«t Tril«n«i Trichlorani Tric)Uor«n> Algylanj
Tartimr; Trilin«, Trij Tr»thyl«ni Trothylanai r
Chloxylant
LJ
OICHLORIDE
Oichloroath»n«; Glycol Diciiloridii 1,2 Dichloro»ch«c«i
Etbylan* Chloride : Ethan«-OC, 3-Dicl)lorid*; "Brocld*";
"Oaacnntol" ; "Borer-Sol"; "Di-<2»loro-«ul3ion" ; "Dutch
Liquid"; "EDC"; "2OT 1, 6S6"
D
Ethylan* Taeraeblorido Tacrlchloro«thyl«n«i Otrbon-
Oicblorid*! Oidakua, N«m«, T«txacadt Tscropil,
?or=I«n«, Ankiloseiai *B««-Solv"; "?«r-S«e";
"^ttreaaolv"; "Cow-Per"
a
HAPHTA (CCfll, TAR)
B«nzol ISO
'Company
Alcnn
Aacco
CSC
ad ,
Raic&hold
occ
(V)
Co* of CJUULCL&
™ Onion oil o£
- Air Products and Oxoaticals,
* '"cyronr'T^^I. Solvents Corp.
— Itoichhold Chgqic*l!f Inc.
- Varcum Ch«micaJL Division of
Kcicnhold Ch«ndcml*
— Onion Carbida Corp.
-13-
163
-------
-------
' . • ' . ' APPENDIX B
CROSS TABULATION:OF AGE OF INK MANUFACTURING
; FACILITIES,BY NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
165
-------
-------
INK iNuusTRY SURVEY-
FILE : INK (CREATION DATE
= ;03/03/78)
G56 WATER PRESSURE USED FOR
COUNT
COL PCT
TOT PCT
! — IMTA = — =
C
101 TO 150 PSI
.:
51, TO 100 PSI
A
• Lii55 f.fAN 5D Hil
!
COLUMN
TOTAL
063
I
IT
I
I
—
I
I
I
.
I
I
I
-
I
I
s
i *
c
0
P
25
1
75
3
4
Tubs under 10
Water Use Per
0 50
0
.0
• U
.0
.0
.0
.0
3
.0
.0
4
.0
Q
I
-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
r
i
i
i-
1 U 1U
B,;
; 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1
, 3
12.0
30,. 0
3.0
; 7
70.0
7.0
10
10.0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
i-
U h U b b
WATER WASH
-
T A H 'D L A 1 — I U N CT7 *
BY 063
»»•»»»»*«.•»»»»«»«•
Gallons
Tub Rinsing (Gal)
0 TO 5
A
100
1
1
84
24
, 21
36
74
64
86
"l
.0
.0
21
.0
.4
.0
64
.4
.0
86"
.0
r
• i
i
i
i
•i
i ••
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
HUW
TOTAL
1
1.0
25 -
25.0
74 /
/4.0
100
100.0
'—,
'
>
-
C56 WATER PRESSURE
'
COUNT
KUW HC T
COL PCT
TOT PCT
C
101 TO, 150 PSI '
d
51 TO 100 PSI
' • -A
Lt55 Tf-AN all HSi
COLUMN
TOTAL
G64'
I
li
TO
I
-I— •
I
I
I
r
i~"
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
L 1
0
0
U
0
2
50
(j
U
50
0
1
USED; FOR
Tubs 10 to 50
Water Use Per
u In
0
.0
.u
.0
,
1
.3
.0
• 7
i
.0
.7
2
.4
11 1 U 3U
I C :
I
I
1
I
1
I
I
1
I-
I
1
I
I
0
o.o
6.0
J
8,.3
•'21 '.4
eLtl
11
1 U . 4
78.6
7:. 6
14 -
9*7
I
I
I
1
I
T
1
I
I
1
T
I
1
I
I
1
v, « U 3 5
WATER WASH
TABU
LAT1CTN UP *
8Y Q64" v
Gallons ,
Tub Rinsing (Gal)
o 1 u
8
0
0
0
36
40
V
i /
59
13
22
10
0
.0
•°
1 j
a
.6
• u
19
• a
.4
.2
32
.2 •
u
I
I
I
1
I
1
I
I
i
I
1
I
I
ru t>
a
1
100.0
1*0
0.7
52. P ,
19.8
l3.d
76
79.2
52. P
96
66+7
KUYl
TOTAL
I
I
I 1
I 0.7
i
I '
I
I 25.0 :
I
1
I
I 107
I 7<*.3
I -
I
i
144
100.0
.167
-------
INK INDUSTRY SURVEY
FILE
INK
(CREATION DATE = 03/03/78)
f A a ITU"
CS6
•WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
'i'Ubs 51 to 100 Gallons
Q65 Water Use Per Tub Rinsing (Gal)
COUNT I
RtJW>tl lUVtK 1UU bi IU 1
COL PCT I 0
TOT PCT I E 10
C
101 TO
B
51 TO
A
Ltbi> I'
I
150 PSI I
I
I
-I-
1
100 PSI I
I
I
"•!•*
I
HAN STT'FS I. I
I
I
0
0.0
U.O
0.0
1
3.3
100.0
u.a
0
U.O
0.0
0.0
-L
COLUMN 1
TOTAL- 0.8
-JL-
1
I
L
I
1
I
I
i.
I
. I
I
I
— i-
0
0.0
U.O
0.0
3.3
33.3
o.a
2
66.7
i.s
3
2.3
J i
I
-I-
I
I
i
I
I
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I'-
ll 1 U D
C
0
0.0
U.U
0.0
0
20.0
24.0
4. (3
19
76.0
14.6
25
19.2
u o
I
—
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Iv
I
I
I
-
1 U. iU
8
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.7
38.9
iu.a
22
61.1
16-. 9
36
27.7
BY G65
PI^ cr —
1 A
— — "•«» — "• — '
I 1
I 100.0
I
1.3
0.8
I 26.7
I 12.3
I
I
I
—
1 56
SSTfT"
86.2
43.1
65
50.0
TOTAL
I
_ f "— • '-"— ' •—
™ i
I 1
I 0.8 - x
-
I
I 23,1 :
I
I 99
I / rj > e.
I
I
130
100.0
!
A H U L
G56 WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
COUNT
kuw per
COL PCT
TOT PCT
0
OVER 150 PSI
d
51 TO 100 PSI
A
CESS THAN bU Vb'J
COLUMN
TOTAL
BY G66
TUDS 1U1 to 250 Gallons
G66 Water Use Per Tub Rinsing (Gal)
1UVLR 1UU 51 1U LO 11 TO b*"1 ' "~" "~~" " rr' c ^"^
I 0
IE ID 1C
I
I
1
I
-I
n >-•*-<
~I
-I
I
T
I
I
0
0.0
-1-
I
I
0
0.0
- i-
I
I
0
0.0
u a i u i u
I 8
- i— — — —
I 0
I 0.0
I
"•'
I
I
'0.0 i U.O i U.U i u.u L
0.0 I 0.0 I 0.0 I 0.0 I
u
0.0
0.0
1
I
I
|6.7
sn.o
1
I
I
I4*
46.7
38.9
i e
I 26.7
I 38.1
i
I
I
A
100
i
20
15
1
.0
.6
.0
.0
.8
O.U i
-------
INK INDUSTRY SURVEY
FILE
INK
(CREATION DATE =03/03/78)
G56
•'"*• * * » »..» tt a L H U ^ b 1
PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
A H U L A [ i U N 0—F *
BY Q67 WATF
COUNT
ROW H<_ I
COL PCT
TOT PCT
D
OVER ISO PSI
51 TO 100 PSI
A
~ LbbS FHflN SCT PSI
COLUMN
TOTAL
-^ Tubs '
Q67 Water
I
IU
I
I
I
- I
I
I
«»T —
i
i
i
r
r
i
i
—
VtK iUO 3
0
E I
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0 .0
2
3.G
100.0
3.S
2
3.5
-i-
I
I
L
I
1
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
— i—
i5JL: to 500 saxxons
Use Per Tub Rinsing. (Gal)
1 TO
C '.
0
0.0
1 0.0
0.0
.•1
6.3
25.0
i.a
1 3
7.5
75.0
5.3
7*0
1 0 i i I U b
I C
"I
I
1
I
I1 •
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o
37.5
46.2
1,0.5
*-" 7
S3. 3
12.3
13
22.8
U 6
I
I
I
i
I
t
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
ru 10
8
0
0.0
1 " 0 .0
0.0
'• , 2
12.5
18.2
3.5
9
81.8
15.8
11
19.3
"a
i
i
i
i111
I
i'
i
i
i1
r
i
i
TO 5"
A
1
100.0
• 1.7"
1.8
7-
43.8
25.9
.12.3
. 19
47.5
70.4
33.3
27
47.4
I
-1
I
I
r
i
r
i
i
r
i
— r
i
i
WOW1— "
TOTAL
1
1.8
— rs
28.1
40
— 70.2
57
100.0
(• + *•* *-»--*--*-T» ****.**.»» *. * .LnUSbTAbUL
CS6 WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
A r
BY
L 0 N U F '"••— *-
Q68 WATEi
Tubs 501 to 1000 Gallons
.-' C68 Water Use Per Tub Rinsing (Gal)
COUNT ,1
HOW HCT~l.oVtH IUO bi TO 10 11 IU bO 6 TO 10
COL. PCT: i o
TOT PCT I E I D 1C 18
\»3Q . ^»»— — — — — «.| -.^«— — — WM J>«>MOTM ^..
8 I 01 3
51 TO 100 PSI I 0.0 I 30'.0
I 0.0 1 60.0
i o.b r io:.3
A ., nr 1 — r 2~
LESS THAN 50 PSI I 5.3 I IQ'.S
I 100.0 I 40.0
-i-
I
I
1
r
-i-
-r~
i
i
2
20.0
66. f
6.9
T~
5.3
33.3
I 0
I 0.0
1 0.0
t 0.0
-I
~I T~
I 5.3
I 100.0
0
I
I
I
i
I
•I—
I—
I
I
ro b
A
5
50.0
'26.3
17.2
14
73.7
73.7
TOTAL
I
— 1
I 10
I 3^,5
I
— I
i iy • •
I 65.5 >
I
I 3.* i. fa.y i J.A. i j.4. i 4a.j i
•I -i— — .< 1.— 1 . -j . !
COLUMN 1 5 31 19 29
TUTAL j . * 1 I , '£
10. J
J«*
0:3.3.
tU.I.U
169
-------
INK INDUSTRY SURVEY
FILE
INK
(CREATION DATE =03/03/78)
G56 WATER PRESSURE
COUNT
ROW FCT
COL PCT
TOT PCT
B
51 TO 100 PSI
A
LESS T^AN 50 PSI
COLUMN
,U,«U
?j — g — 5, — 5-
USEO ?<
C69
I
"lOVh*
I
I E
-i —
I
I
I
-I—
I
I
I
1
-I-
12
5
9
50
3
10
TUDS over
Water Use
100
1
.5
.0
-3
1
.1
.0
*O
2
. 3
3
0
I
I
I
1
I
1
I
I
i
i IU
D
1
12.5
1 U 0 e U
5.3
•u
0.0
0.0
Q.O
1
3.3
I k U
DR. WATER
1000
Per
11} 1
I
— 1_
I
I
i
I
I
I
r
i
Tub
i ro
c
0.
u.
0.
18.
100.
10.
10'.
b b r
WASH
A
1
Rinsing
3
0
0
0
0
e.
2
0
5
2
5
u u
I
—
I
I
"I
I
I
I
I
• 1
1 U
A
75
31
72
57
!*•_
73
d u L A. r— r.-0-N ; u i-
8Y 069 . .
(Gal)
3 RCTS
TOTAL
I -
6 I 8
.0 I 42.1
. y •• 1
.6 I
I 1 i.
.7 I 57.9
.11
1
14 , 19
.7 100.0
i 170
-------
: . <• APPENDIX C '
CROSS TABULATION OF:AMOUNT OF WATER USED TO RINSE INK
TUB BY WATER PRESSURE OF RINSE WATER
171
-------
-------
INK 1NUUS1*Y
FILE
INK
(CREATION DATE ~ 03/07/78)
'•'. C-y
NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES
AVERAGE NUMBER OF
•G10
COUNT ' I
K0l» PCT IOVER 30 21
CUL PCT I YEARS
. , -
'EMPLOYEES
AGE OF MANUFACTURING
! FACILITIES (YEARS)
TO 30 11 TO 20 6 TO 10 3
A T I 0 N
BY aio
-
TO 5 LESS
N 3
OF *
AGE
,TMA ROW
TOT .
: 'L I
- " " OVER "I5U I
I
, I
101 TO ISO • ; I
T
I
' ' ' J ' ' ' T'
91 TO 100 ; I
I
T
i r
81 TO 90 • ' I
'''•'' • 'I
- - , -'- I
-T
, '71 TO 80 ' I
» I
~T.
fj ' I
61 TO 70 ' I
I
T
«t.
F -•••.!
51 TG 60 T
'] i
rni IIMN
1
' ^5*0
1.6
8
86.9
1-3 5
ua
0
66.7
, 3.1
0 *t
. 3
75 0
4.7
0.7
I.
, 33.3
1.6
0.2
1
20.0
1*6
0 "*
0
0 0
0*0.
0.0
fit*.
I
T
I
I
- I-
I
I
• T
L
r
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
T
I
I
I
.1
T
I
T
I
I
-T_ T
o
0 0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Q, n
0.0
1 "
33.3
1.7
'02
; 0
0 0
0.0
d.o
i
33.3
I 7
0'.2
; 0
0.0
0.0
0 0
o:.o
0.0
AH
i
i
i
i
T _
I
I
T
I
r
I
I
j
I
I
I
T
I
I'
f
I
T
I
I
r
L
r
L
I
T in
2
50 ^0
1.6
0.4
1
11.1
0 i ft
0.2
0.0
0.0
(i j. n
1
per a
0.8
0.2
1
33.3
fl 4
0.2
3
60.0
2.4
n 7
2
£.£. t
1.6
0.4
i ik
— t «
I
L
I.
T T
I
I
T
I .
T
I
I
T
I
T
I
1
r t
i
i .
T
I
I
I
T
I
T •
I
I
T
"
1
3^ n
1.0
0.2
0
0.0
n n
0.0
Q
0.0
0.0
n n
0
n n
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
n n
0.0
n
0.0
0.0
efl
0
8n
0.0
0.0
aa
± —
I
T
I
I
• T -r
I
' I
T
I
T
I
I
T
I
I
i
i
T'
i
i
T
.1
T
I
I
I
I
I
^
0
n n
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
n n
0.0
Q
0.0
0.0
0 0
0
9fl
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
20.0
2.0
rt -5
0
Of\
0.0
0.0
en
— t- —
I
T
I
1
-r r
I
I
T
I
T
I •
i
T
I
T
I
I
i — ,
L
I
r
i
T
I
I
I ,
t'
I
r
*
0
Q 0
U.O
0.0
0
0.0
Ufl
0.0
Q
0.0
(i n
0
»A
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
(} ft
u.o
ll
0.0
0.0
o n
1
2.0
0.2
An
±
i
T -
I
I
I
I
I
T
1
I
I
T
I
r
J.
I
I
< 1-1 l-i l-
I
r
I
I
I
I
I
I
44*
9- .' '
H.O
0
3
0 7
1
J
COLUMN
. .' ' TOTAL :
(CUNT iNUtQ )
64
14. 3 ^
60
13.4
:
..,,.,.126
. 28,2
. . ,.,98. ..
21.9
. 50
11.2
•
49 4^
11.0 100.
173
-------
INK INDUSTRY
FILE
CCKEATION UATE =03/07/78)
as
NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES
AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
[
.,10 AGE OF MANUFACTURING
'•'JlifT I FACILITIES (YEARS)
BY (210 AGE .
HOW PCT IQVER 30
COL PCT IYEAHS
rn r or T r cr
E I
/• i Y n c n T
i
i
_T
0 I
31 TO 40 I
T
1 "-" ' ' - i
I
-I-
C I
21 TO 30 I
I
T
5 I
1 n -rn "an T
i
i
T
A I
LESS THAN 10 I
T
— " 1
I
COL- LIMN
2
15.i 4-
ol4-
3
12.0
*t t 7
0.7
16
27.6
25.0
13
7 n -5
20.3
2.9
14-
7.3
•> i 4
Ci 1 « 9
3.1
fi*t
21 TO 30 11 TO 20 6
T e rn T
I
T
I
I
I
I
r
I
T
I
I
r
L
T
I
r
—4-—
I
'I
T
I
0
0 4 0
0.0
0«0
i 4
16.0
6 7
0.9
i g
15.5
15.0
1-3 7
48.3
6.5
i 16
8.3
~in 7
3.6
' bQ
I
r
i
i
i
i
T
r
i
r
r
I
I
- 1 -.
I
I
T
I
6
4.3
1.3
6
24.0
't t 8
1.3
19
31.0
14.3
^ * u
29
•5-> 7
23.0'
6.5
57
29.7
(,q -5
12.8
126
I
T
I
1
-4—
I
I
f
I
T
I
I
T
I
r
i
i
i
i
T
I
TO 10
£
z
15 'i
2.0
0.4
9
36.0
g 2
2.0
lu
17.2
10.2
•3 n
30
30.6
6.7
46
24.0
10.3
aa-
3
T
I
T
I
I
T -r
I
I
I
T
I
I
T
I
T
"I
I
T
I
I
T
I
TO 5
g
2
15 *v
4.0
0.4
2
8.0
4 0
0.4
•3
•3.4
4.0
14
109
28.0
3.1
29
15.1
6.5
eo
LESS THA KOw
N 3 TOTAL
I * T
I
I
1
-4-—
1
I
I
T
1
I
,'T
I
I
I
I
I
I
T
I
1
7*7
2.0
0.2
1
2..0
0.2
- -9
5.2
6.1
U.7
13
10 ^
26.5
2.9
30
lb.6
*• 1 "
6.7
43-
I
f
I
1
— T
-t t-i i-t *
I
-r
r
I
I
I
j
1
I
I
I
T
I
13
2.9
25
5.6
55
13.0
128
— 3-S-.-&-
192
43.0
TOTAL
14.3
13.4
28*2
21.9
11.2
11.0
100.0
174
-------
APPENDIX D
PROCEDURES" FOR METALS ANALYSIS
BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED ARGON PLASMA
175
-------
-------
Determination ;of Total Metals in Water
and Wastewaters by Plasma Spectrometry
CRL Method Nos. 504-570
Scope and Application •, .
This procedure is applicable to the determination of calcium, magnesium,
sodium, potassium, aluminum, barium, berylium, boron, cadmium, c-hromium,
cobalt , copper,, lead; manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silver, thallium,
tin, titanium, vanadium, ytrium and zinc in water and industrial municioal
wastewaters. j . ---•-.•
Summary of Method . •- - :
The sample .is digested with 8 N nitric acid to near dryness followed by
additional heating with HC1 to solubilize transition and noble metals.
The sample is cooled, diluted to 50 ml and analysed using Inductively •
Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICAP). The alkali
metals concentrations are expressed in milligrams per liter>-'-wh-ereas-
concentrations for other metals are expressed in micrograms per liter.
v:enty-two metals are routinely analyzed. • - ' "
, n equipment j - - _ ' . -.-••-.
Jarrell Ash Aiomcora.p 750. Inductively coupled argon plasma emission
spectrometer consisting of: i - - -
i. - : • ' ' • ' . '- '
a. KP generator ••:'•_
b. Plasma housing
: -1. Water-cooled induction coil • .
2. Quartz torch , , . • ' . .
3. Cross-flow nebulizer ^ .
4. Spray chamber ' ! . '
'< • ' V
c\ Direct reading spectrometer -
, 1. Entrance slit . .
2. Refractor plate at^entrance slit
3. Grating , . • . - • -
4. Exit slits ';• • ' -..'.. • • ;•
5. Phototubes. .;-..-
d. Computer for•instrument control ' -
e. Data output device. ' "•
300 ml tall form benkors ' '
Mettler PR 700 Balance ! ' . '
Corning Hot Pla'tes , "~
177
-------
Reagents/ Water, Glassware and Standards
Redistilled Nitric Acid '(1:1-8 Normal).
Hydrochloric Acid (1:1), Reagent Grade.
Glassware; Beakers for digestion, after being run through diswasher, are ;
rinsed with distilled water and placed in an aqua regia bath for at least two
hours. They are then rinsed thoroughly and allowed to air dry. The chemist'
performing the digestion will select his or her beakers and give each a hot
acid wash by following then with 1:1 HCl and placing on the hot plate for at
least one half hour.
The laboratory distilled water is passed through an ultrapure mixed-bed resin
column before use. 7J.1 water used [unless otherwise stated,-has been passed
through the mixed-bed resin (Super ;Q Water).
Standards: All standards are diluted from Fisher 10Ou ppsa Atomic Absorption
standards with the exception of silver and beryllium (variaii) and Yytriuru
(made from ytrium nitrate (Y(N03)3),.
iiandards used for the ICAP; Calibration Procedure
SOOO: Mixed-bed resin water (super Q water)
S001: Cne ppm in all elements except silver and
calcium
AGCA: 1 ppm silver and'10 ppm calcium, made fresh
daily.
1000: 1000 p^n calcium (-Fi-sher) • ' •
XXXX: .134-8 ppm j.ron (Fisher), FFFA matrix only.
ocedure ^ • ,
i. A designated al'icruot (usually 50 ml) of well-shaken and preserved
samnle (pH<2) is poured off into a 300 ml tall-form beaker. Normal
procedure is to place the beaker on an automatic-tare balaince and
deli.ver 50 g — drawing off excess with a disposable pipet. (This
procedure assumes the sample is, of sufficiently low concentration that
the specific gravity is not appreciably greater than one. The purpose of a
mass determination rather than!a volume one is to eliminate cross-contamina-
tion) . After the addition of 6 ml of 8N redistilled HNO3, to the
sample a ribbed be'aker cover is placed on the beaker and the sample
is heated to near dryness. (The sample is not taken to complete
dryness to avoid the loss of boron). .If the residue is dark colored
after cooling, an additional 6'ml of 8N HN03 is added and the sample
is reheated. This process is continued until no color change is
detected.
<>. Following the digestion, 5 ml of 1:1 HCl is added and the residue is
dissolved and/or placed in suspension by warming on a hot plate.
After cooling, the sample is transferred to a pre—tared' 2 ounce
polyethylene bottle and diluted ,up to 50 g. If some solids remain
undinsolved, the sample is filtered into a 50 ml volumetric and then
transferred to a polyethylene bottle for subsequent analysis,.
178
-------
3. Operating Conditions
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Incident RF power
Reflected RF Qower
Plasma observation height
1.1' kw
mimimized (<10 w)
15 mm above load coil
Horizontal observation position.•.center
Aspiration Argon flow rate 0.6 L/min
Plasma Argon flow rate 22 L/min
4. ICAP Standardization Procedure and Sample Analysis.
Following startup, the instrument is profiled with the mereisry monitor.
The micrometer reading is recorded,on the sheet with the i^-terelement
correction values for the day.
The matrix is brought onto, core and time and date established. The
available matrices are: :
CCAS: correction for calcium
FEAS: correction for calcium and iron
KlAS: correction for calcium and iron and
outputs potassium.
The Q-string QEGGGA3 is se.t for standization. This string of commands
will erase the burn buf f er;s, execute three burns, average them, and
print the average on the teletype.
(It has hfeen f6~und that examining the -standards in-background mode allows
a better judgement of the'hois'e .in a given channel).
S. The standards cited above .are run. Once it has been verified that the
standards check, the value's for interelement correction for iron and
calcium are recorded and entered via the data base manager. In actual
operation it is possible that these may vary only slightly £5%) from day
to day, in which case they need not be entered.
Upon return to the operating system, the matrix is recalled, and the
blank and -1 ppm standard are checked. If these .remain with; in standard—
2ation, an instrument AQC 'solution is measured. (This AQG solution
is simply the waste from the drain of the nebulizer, collected and
held until it is deemed stable. The values for this solution are
recorded in a log book and compared with previous values. This is
a check .for gross operator error during standardzation..
6. Once these criteria have been satisfied, the instrument is rondy
to run samples. The blank and 1 ppm standard should be checked
every 30-45 min £0 establish that the instrument has not drifted.
The blank should also be checked if .values above detection limits
arc fo-und .for tho field blanks or digested laboratory blanks.
179
-------
7. S.tmplcs nro aspirated for 45 seconds before executing the Q string
'QEGC which perform a single burn followed by output in concentration
mode which-includes interelement corrections. Longer flush times,
nay be desired for ^samples which follow high (>500 ppcn) iron samples
or high (>1000 ppm) sodium samples. No other elements have been
encountered in sufficient quantities in real samples to result in
noticeable memory effects. j
8. Duplicates and spikes should be; checked against the corresponding
samples before continuing. This is to establish whether deviations
occur in the digestion or measurement of samples on the ICAP. If
it is found that the digestion is not at fault, restandara-isation
on the ICAP is recommended.
9» Saraples at high levels are routinely diluted 10-fold to determine
if results for all elements are valid or the result of i^tererence
not accounted for by the matrix ISCC's.
The paper tape from the teletype is read into the DG NOVA and the
report plus QC check is performed by programs written, in BASIC.
Quality Control \ •
Four typos of quality control samples are put through the digestion
process at the sane time as the samples. I-n a typical run of £0rty
samples there are in addition, four blanks, 4.AQC solutions, 2 dupli-
cates, 2 spikes.
1. Blanks: These are simply the laboratory super Q water carried
through the -s~ame digestion [process as the samples. Tr>e; blank
data is summarized periodically and is used to determine detec-
tion limits for the method (average and 2 standard deviations).
2. AQC Solutions: A series of solutions were made to cover the
ranges measured for each parameter. These were arranged in
Youden pairs approximately as follows: 10 ppm - 8 praa; 1 ppm -
800 ppb; 100 ppb - 80 ppb. Two pairs of these solutions are
digested as part of the run. This is separate from the instru-
ment AQC and calibration procedure mentioned earlier.
3. Duplicates: Two samples are chosen to be analysed as duplicates are
carried through the digestion process. The results for these are
expected to be within 10% of each other for each elenient, for concen-
trations in the working range (blank one -r 10 standard deviations).
f!: Two n.implo:. arc chonon to bn analyzed An npLkos. A table
of spike concentrations in'terms of final concentrat-ions is formulated
Spike recoveries are • determined if the sample is less than 2001; of
the cxcldorl spike.
180
-------
Routine1 Maintainance
Following four days of operation the torch and nebulization spray chamber
should be acid washed. Before the torch is removed and after it is replaced,
statistical programs are run to determine the standard deviation of all the
lines when aspirating blank water. Dark currents are also examined in this
manner. A reading of the profile1 meter is taken for'each element both before
and after cleaning while aspirating both blank water and the 1 ppm standard.
When the torch'is replaced, coarse alignment is made using a 1000 pom yttrium
standard to center the image on the slit. Fine' adjustment of the mirror is
made by maximizing-the signal to noise ratio on the lead line.
Once a month/ statistical programs are run.to maintain an historical record of
intensities obtained on each line for the series of standards.
Calculations ~.
These are done by the computer program .(written in basic) including
insertion of dilution factors to give results in mg/1 for calcium,
magnesium and sodium and ug/1 for the other metals.
Reference
1. Manual of "Methods for'Chemical -Analysis' of""Water and Wastes"',
U.S. Environmental 'Protection! Agency, Office of Technology Transfer,
1974, Washington, DC, pp 78-155.
' i i
2. "Simultaneous Multielement Analysis of Liquid Samoles by Inductivelv
Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic - Emission spectroscopy" , U.S. Snvironmu.ital
Protection Agency. Region V/; Central .Regional Laboratory, Chicago,
Illinois, (unpublished)..
181
-------
Ag
Al
B
Ba
Ca(l)
Ca(2)
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
Name in nm
Silver 328.1
Aluminum 396.2
Boron J249.7
Barium 233.5
Calcium 393.4
Calcium 364.4
Cadmium 226.5,
Cobalt 238. 1
Chromium 267.7
Copper 324.8
Iron 259.5
Mg
Mn
Mo
Mi
Pb
Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn
Name x i n nm
MagnesTurn 279.6
Manganese 257.6
Molybdenum ' 203.8
Nickel 341.5
Lead 220.3
Tin '190.0
Titanium , 334.7
Vanadium 309.3
Yttrium 417.8
Zinc 213.9
ELEMENT LIST AND ANALYTICAL LIMES ,
TABLE I
A list of the elements- currently analyzed by the CRL ICAP-AES instrument and
the emission line chosen for ;each element.
182
-------
Ag
AT
«3
Ba
Ca
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
D.L. LQD :
ug/l ng/l
4 20 ;
7 35 .
3 15 '
i - 5 ;
<0.5 1 i
2 10 i
4 20 .. !
1 5 ,
1 5 ;
2 10 :
Mg
Mn
Mo
Ni
Pb
Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn
U.L. LQD
ug/l iicj/1
<0 5 1
1 5
5 25
15 75
12' 60
12 60
1 5
1 5
~1 5
1 5
Five Runs over Three Months
' , MEAN*DETECTION LIMITS
AND LOWEST QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINATE CONCENTRATIONS (LQD)
; TABLE 2
The detection limit (D.L,.) is the amount of material that will produce-
a signal that- is twice as large as the standard deviation of the noise-.
The lowest quantitative determinate concentration (LQD) is 5 times the
D.L. and is the lowest concentration one can expect to report.
183
-------
-------
. APPENDIX S
•LIST OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
185
-------
-------
APPENDIX E
List of 129 Priority Pollutants
Compound Name
1. *acanaphthene \ •
Z. *acraleirr
3. *acrylanitrne;
£.. *benzane :
5. *banzidine i
ff. *carbon tatraichlorfde (tatrachlaraniethana}
*ChTorfnatad benazanas (othar than
dich-iarobenzanas)
7. chTorobenezsna
8. 1,2,4-trichlorofaanzana
9. hexachlarobanzane
1 *ChTorinatad ethanes (including 1,2-
I dicnioroecrtana, 1,1,1-trichloro-
ethana and hexachlorcethane)
1Q» 1,2-dichlaroethans
H. 1^1,1-trichloraathana
12. haxachloroathane
13. Trl-dichTaroathane
H. T,l,2-trichToroathane
15.. T,T,2,2-tatrachloraethane
t 11
16. chloraethana
*Chloroal'
-------
18.
19.
20.
2T.
22.
23.
24.
25;
26"..
27-
2S.
25.
30.
31.
32.
33.
"34.
bis(2-chloroethly) ether
2-chloroethyl vinyl ethsr (mixed)
*Chlon'natad naohtalene
2-chloronaphthalene
*Chlorinatad phenols (other than those
listed elsewhere; includes trichloro-
phenols arid chlorinated crssols)
2,4.',S-triehloraphenol
parachlorometa erase 1
*chl orofonn (trichlorcmethane)
*2-chloraphencil
*0ichlorobanzanes
l,2-dichlaroben22ne
1,3-dichlarafaenzene-
1,4-dichlorofaenzsne
*0ichlorobenzidine
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
*0ichloroethylenes (1 ,1-dichloroethylena
and T,2-dichlorGethylene)
1,1-dichloroethylane
l,2-trans-dichlort3ethylene-
*OichloroproJ3ane and dichloropropene
1,2-dichloropropane
1,2-dichTqroprcpylene (1 ,3-dichloroprcpene)
"^^-di methyl phenol
E-2.
188
-------
*D1m'troto1uena
35. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
36. 2,S,-dinitratoluene
37. *l,2-diphenylhydrazine
38. *ethylbenzene;
33.. *fTuoranthene:
*Haloethars (other than those listed
eisswnere)
40. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
I
41. 4-bromaphenyl phenyl ether
.42. bis(2-chtoroTSopropyl) ether
43. bis(2"-chloraethoxy) methane
; *Halomethanas\(other than those- listed
iTiewHere)
44. nsathylene chlorids (dichloromethane)
45. methyl chloride (chlororaethane)
45.. methyl bromide (bromamethane)
47.. branafann (tribrarnomethane)
43. dichlorofararaamethane
49. trichlora-fluoromethane
50. dichlorodifluoromethane
57- chlorodibrcmainethane
5Z. *hexachlorofautadiene
53. *hexadilorocyclopantadiene
54. *1sophorone
E-3
189
-------
55. *naphthalane
56. *nitrobenzsne
*Nitrophenols (including 2,4-dinitrcphencl
ana ainTcrocrasal)
57. 2-nitraphenql
55- 4-nitraphenol
59. *Z,4-dinitraphenol
60. 4,S-
-------
73. faenzo (a) pyrena (3,4-banzapyrene)
74. 3,4-banzaflucranthena
75. benza(SOfluoranthane 01,12-bsnzofluaranthane)
75. chrysene
77. acsnaphthylane
78- anthracene •
79w ; benzo(ghi)peryTena (1,12-banzapsrylene)
SQ« fluroena |
SI- phenatftrsna '
82. difaanza (a,h)anthracsne (1,2,5,6-d-ifaanzanthracane)
83. indano (l,2,3-cd)pyrsne (2,3-o^phenylanepyrane)
84:, pyrane
85". *tatrach1oroathylane
Sff., *toTuene ;
87. *trichloroathylane:
88. *viny1 chloride (chloraethylena)
Pesticides and Metabolites
89". , *aldHn
90. *dieldrin .:
i
$7. *chlordane (tachm'cal mixtura S metabolites)
*QDT and mataboTitss ,
9Z.. ; 4,4'-ODT '
95,. 4,4'-ODE" (p.p'-OOX)
94. 4,4'-ODD (p.p'-TDE)
E-5,
191
-------
*andosulfan and metabolites
95. a-sndosulfan-Alpha
96. fa-<5ndosul fan-Seta
97. endosulfan sulfata
*endrin and metabolites
98. andrin -
9Sv endrin aldehyde
*heotach1or and metabofi'tas
100. heptachlor
TOT. hejatachlor epoxida
*hexadrTQrocycTohexane (a'T isomgrs)
T02.. a-BHC-Alpha
TQ3. b-SHC-8eta
104. r-BHC (lindane)-Gainna
TQ5. g-SHC-Oelta
*po7ychtorinatad biphenyls (PC3's)
1QS. -PC3-T242 (Arochlor 1242}
T07. PC3-1254 (ArodiTor 1254)
.PC3-T221 (ArooHlor 1221)
PC3-1232 (Arochlor 1232)
TTff. PG-6-124S (Arochlor 1248)
m.. PC3-12SO (Arochlqr 12SQ)
112. -PCS-IOIS (Arochlor 1016)
113. ~*Toxapheife ~"
114. *Ant1ntony (Total
115. *A:rsenic (Total)
£-6
192
-------
'its.
117.
us.
119.
120."
121.
122.
123.
124..
125.
125.
127.
123.
125.
(Fibrous)
*Saryniu» (Total 3
*Cadnriuni (Total)
*Chrosriura (Total)!
*Copper- (Total)
*Cyanide (Total) .
*taad: (Total)
*Mercury (Total)
*NicxeT (Total) ;
*Seleniunt (Total),
*SiTver (Total)
*Thallium (Total),
*Zfnc (Total) ;
**2,3,7,ff- tatrathlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
*Specific csmpounds and chemical classes as listsd
in the cansant degree. ;
**This compound was speciflcalTy listad in the consent
degree. Because of the extreme taxi city (TCDD). We are reccroending
that laboratories not acquire analytical standard for
this compound.
193
-------
-------
' APPENDIX F
LIST OF SAMPLING CANDIDATES
195
-------
-------
, APPENDIX P
t ' .. '
LIST OF SAMPLING CANDIDATES
CATEGORY •! - Paste Ink Only
Capitol Printing Ink Co.
806 Channing Place, NE
Washington, DC 20018
Inmont Corporation
4700 Paddock Rd. ',
Cincinnati, OH 45229
CATEGORY 2 - Paste Ink Plus Water Flexo
Braden-Sutphin Ink Co.
3650 E. 93rd St. ;
Cleveland, OH 44105
Morrison Printing Ink Co.
4801 W. 160th Street
Cleveland, OH 44135
wikoff.Color Corp.
410 So. Gardner Ave.
Charlotte, NC 28208 i
Roberts &t Porter, Inc. - .
1001'Morse Ave.
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007'
CATEGORY 3 - Liquid Inks '- mostly solvent, some water
C - P & W Printing Ink Co 'f
3389 Powers Avenue
Jacksonville, PL 32217
American Inks & Coatings
P. 0. Box 217
Volley Forge, PA 19481
Richardson Ink Co. :
3901 W. Rohr Ave.
Milwaukee, WI 53209 |
J. M. Huber Corp. I
Raritan Center
Edison, NJ 08817 ''.
Thiele Engdahl
6699 Winthrop Street
Addison, '.IL 60101
197
-------
CATEGORY 4 - Paste Inks, Liquid Inks.- broad product mix -
(heterogeneous)
Flint Ink Corp.
25111 Glendale Ave.
Detroit, MI 48239
A. J. Daw Printing Ink Co.
3559 So. Greenwood Ave.
Los Angeles, CA 90040
Sinclair & Valentine Co.
5560 Doolittle Rd.
Jacksonville, PL 32205
Sun Chemical Corp.
3301 Hunting Park Ave.
Philadelphia, PA 19132
CATEGORY 5 - Speciality
Colonial Printing Ink Co.
180 E Union Ave.
E. Rutherford, NJ 07073
K. c. Coatings
500 Railroad Ave.
N. Kansas City, MO 64116
Naz Dar Co.
1087 No. Branch St.
Chicago, IL 60622
198
-------
' APPENDIX G
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
199
-------
-------
PROCEDURES '
Following the selection of sampling sites, final preparations
were made for the field activities',. The sampling protocol develoaed
by EPA (Draft EPA Sampling Protocol for Measurement of Toxics , '
October 1976) was used as a basis -for sample collection. However,
due to the nature of wastewater treatment at the sites selected,
some modifications to the EPA protocol were required. These
modifications, which were approved, by the Project Officer, are
described below. Additionally, all samples analyzed for toxic
substances were run 'in accordance with EPA Draft Analytical Protocol
for the Measurement of Toxic Substances , October 1976. ~
Protocol Modifications ;
The protocol developed for priority pollutant sampling recommends
the' collection of composite samples. Since, at three of the six
plants visited, ink' process wastewater is collected over a period
of time in holding tanks, the recommended composite sampling
method was not necessary.. At the remaining three plants, conroosite
samples were taken at the discharges from hot caustic' tub washers
on the days that they were operating.
l
Besides the collection of grap samples, some modifications of
che protocol's sample preservation methods were recuired. In
order to correlate the data between this sampling program and the
one conducted during the 1976 study, the preservation method
recommended in the protocol for the phenol fraction was changed.
The protocol shows phosphoric or sulfuric acid alone being used
for phenol sample preservation. For the 1976 study, samples were
preserved in accordance with the guidelines established under
section '304g of the: Act (Methods for Chemical Analysis of_ Water
and Wastes, U.S. EPA, Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1974).
Specifically, the phenol fractions; were preserved with copper
sulfate plus phosphoric acid. To maintain uniformity, cooper
sulf ate and phosphoric acid were also used to preserve phenol
samples collected during the 1977 sampling program.
An additional, variation related to the protocol required
precautions against the presence of residual chlorine in samples.
Sample fractions collected during the 1977 sampling program were
not checked for residual chlorine in the field*. This procedure
was deemed unnecessary because all' of "the plants sampled discharge
to publicly owned treatment works precluding the need for effluent
chlorination. This fact was. verified in the field by the sampling
teams.
201
-------
Sample Collection _
Table G-l summarizes the number of samples taken at each site
during the 1977/78 sampling program. The four possible sampling
points at each plant were as follows:
(1) Intake Water or plant water supply - These samples were
collected and analyzed to obtain background measurements.
(2) Untreated Wastewater - Tub and equipment cleanings.
Composite samples were taken of the water rinse discharge
from hot caustic washers at three of the plants. At the
other three plants the untreated wastewater was collected
in holding tanks prior to outside disposal or discharge
to the sewer. At these plants, grab samples were taken
from the tanks after! the wastewater was mixed to ensure
a representative sample for the collection period. The
length of collection period ranged from a few hours to
over two weeks, depending upon .each plant's production
schedule.
(3) Treated Wastewater -L At five of the six plants the
untreated wastewater was combined with other plant waste
streams (e.g., cooling water, boiler blowdown) before
treatment or disposal. Consequently, no treated waste-
water samples were taken at these plants. At the remaining
plant, a composite sample was taken before the treated
wastewater was discharged to the sewer.
(4) Sampler Blanks - Deionized water was run through the
automatic samplers prior to taking composite samples.
This was done to ascertain the amount of hydrocarbon
contamination introduced by the sampler tubing.
At two of the six plants, more than one untreated sample was
taken to account for possible variability in wastewater composition.
After the samples were taken, they were properly labeled, packed
in ice, and shipped to the appropriate laboratories for analyses.
In most instances, the samples were shipped by air freight and
received at the labs within 24 hours after sampling. A chain of
custody forms, signed by the samplers, accompanied each set of
samples back to the labs.
Inventory of Sampling Points
Table G-2 presents pertinent information regarding each
sample taken during the 1977/78 study.
202
-------
TABLE G-l
NUMBER OF SAMPLES FHOM EACH INK PLANT
Plant
7
10
19
21
22
23
Total
Type -of
Treatment •
A
B
. A
A '
^sTc,^)
B,C
Type of !
Samcle
Grab
Composite
Composite
Grab
Composite
Grab
Intake
1
' 1
1
1
2
1
7
Dntreated
2
3
1
1
2
1
10
Treated Samnler Blank
1
1
(D
2 4
Type of Treatment
A - None ,
B - Gravity Separation
C - Settling and Clarification
D - Neutralization
203
-------
1977*1373 Inventory of SaispJ.* Poin«
Paint/Infc Indtiicry
Bums, and Boa/Richardson Asoociacaa SaapLiag Pragma
1-1-tl
1-l-r
l-L-t
1-Z-*
1-2-T
1-3-il
1-3-t
2-1-t
1-1-*
2-1-S
2-1-a.
2-3-R
2-3-1!
2-3-S
Z-4-fl
2-4-f
!•-+••
3-1-11
3-1-1:
3-l-S
3-2-R
3-J-t
3-2-3
3-3-«
3-3-1T
3-J-iI
4-l-a
4-l-t
4-1-T
4-1-3
4-2-a
4-2-t
4-l-S
4-3-fl
4-3-t
4-3-S
3-i-a
5-1-t
J-l-C
S-l-S
3-2-*
5-3-R
s-3-r
5-3-3
5-3-*"
s-s-r>
5-3-5*
S-l-R
Srl-t
S-l-t
5-1-5
6-2-X,
5-1-T
6-Z-S
S-3-R
4-3-S
7-l-R.
7-2-*
7-2-t
3-1-%
3-1-t
8-1-3
3-3-R
3-Z-t
S-Z-T
3-2-S
8-J-*
a-i-i
9-l-R
3-1-1!
9-1-S
3-l-S
9-Z-a.
t-Z-S
S-A-001
S-*"01S
S-t^OOl
3-L-O02
3-1-004
5-8-OOS
5-C-016
3-0-017
S-G-021
5-4-022
5-«-023
5-?-O2*
S-T-02S
5-T-026
5-HT-067
5-HT-36&
5HT-OS9
s-r-ooi
5-?-O02
5-JMJ03
5-^-O04
3-3-013
5-S-019
3-3-020
3-f-027
!-r-o:a
5-?-029
s-r-oos
3-7-004
5-0-003
5-C-007
$-r-o30
s-r-03l
5-T-O32
S-f-038
S-f-037
S-F-031
s-r-oo9
5-r-oio
s-r-ou
S-F-O12
s-r-ou
J-f-033
3-r-034
3-r-O35
j-r-oio
j..f_^43
5-f-064
3-C-040
5-C-039
3-C-041
S-«-
-------
ttff A (Canr.)
3tft Cad*
9-2-3
9-3-R
9-3-T
9-3-3
10-1-R
10-1-1
10-2-R
10-3-R
U-i-R
U-l-t
12-l-R
12-1-t
U-l-R
13-1-1
13-1-T
13-1-S
13-2-R
ia-2-r
13-2-S
13-3-tt
13-3-T
13-3-S
14-l-R
14-1-1
14-1-1
14-1-S
14-2-R
14-2-T
14-2-3
1S-1-I
is-i-a
IS-I-T.
1S-2-R
1S-2-T
13-3-R
1S-3-T
16-t-R
16-1-1
17-1-R
17-1-t
17-1-T
17-2-S
17-2-T
17-3-n
17-3-rT
18-1-R
18-l-t
18— 1-T
13-2-R
1B-2-T
18-3-R
18-3-T
.13-3-6
19-1-R
19-1-1
20-1-R
20-1-:
20-1-t
20-1-S
20-2-R
20-2-1
20-2-3
20-3-R
20-J-T"
21-1-R
21-1-1
22— 1-tt
22-1-1
22-1-T
23-1-8.
23-1- t
SESA Ceda
5-a-oos
5-C-O48
3-C-OS2
5-C-OS3
5-C-040
5-C-041
S-C-O47
S-C-OS4
5-C-06S
3-?-066
s-r-070
5-r-on
S—S-O10
3-S-Oli
3-»-012
S-a-ou
3-C-05S
S-C-OS8
3-C-037
5-C-OSS
S-C-039
S-C-060
S-a-OM
S-a-oiS
5-3-016
S-a-017
s-s-ois
s-a-019
3-3-020
s-a-021
5-S-022.
5-^—023
S-S-024
S-S-025
S-a-026
S-H-Q27
5— ff*O28fL
5-H-029S.
5-S-O2E8
5-B-029S
S-B-030
S-B-031
3-S-032
S-C-064
S-C-065
S-g-033
3-B-O34
S-C-063
S-C-073
S-fi-037
S-J-001
S-rJ-002
S-J-003
- S-C-061
S-C-OS2
3-C-066
S-C-067
3-C-068
5-C-069
5-C-070
5-C-071
3-C-077
S-B-038
S-fi-039
S-S-035
3-3-036
5-e-ooi
3-S-002
3-E-003
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219
-------
-------
APPENDIX I
TABULATIONS OF ANSWERS TO SELECTED QUESTIONS
FROM THE DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIO
(Refer to Appendix A)
221
-------
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
1
DFl ATTW
... ' , ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LA8EL , COpE FREQ (PCT)
AL
A°
. •" - ; -*z>/ _
CA;
CO
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DC
FL
GA
1 .. , , - .' . Hi
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• ' • - •
- : MS'
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2
2
4
47
5
6
1
14'
20
2
3
46
7
?
4
9
•5*
£. 1-
9
13
16
i
10
0.4
0.4
0.9
10.2
1*1
1.3
0.2
3 . n
4,3
/
0.4
n j.7
10,0
1.5
I
ft ^
0«9
- 2.0
4/L
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2.0
R.a
.0
3.5
0.2
2.2
E A43JUS-T?
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
0.4
0.9
10.2
i _, i
1.3
0.2
3.0
4.3
0.4"
ft 7
10.0
1.5
ao
0.9
' 2.0
4.6
2.0
2.8
2.0
'"i
.3.5
0.2
2.2
"n n IM
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
O.Q
1.7
12.0
i •» n
14.3
14.6
1 7 A •
, i-f-»-<3
22.0
22.4
\ '
5T ft
— -&J t-V—
33.0
'-/. " »
34.6
4fl
3S'.7
37.6
42.2 -
44.1 " ,
47.0
48.9
,52.4
52.6
' 54.8
223
-------
03/22/76
FILE - iNK
- CKtATEO 03/22/78
HAOt 21
0.4
0.4
55.2
NH
0.4
0.4
NY
34
7.4
7.4
5S.7
7:L.b
OH
28
-Q*r-
6,1
-G-.-2-
OR
1.5
6.1
-Q-r2-
1.5
77.6
-Wv6-
79.3
PA
24
5.2
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SC
-G-r2-
0.7
5.2
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0.7
84.6
-B4-.-Q-
d5.^
TN
-T*-
UT
13
-2-2-
3
2.8
-^4-r8-
0.7
2.8
-4-rS-
0.7
BQ.3
93.7
VA
2.0
-V?AT
WI
TOTAL
14
• *••§'*•' »••*!
460
1—3-
3.0
100.0
2.0
t-rf-
3.0
- «1»-»'^»-*w-«
100.0
95.7
100.0
VALID CASES
460
MISSING CASES
224
-------
QS
TYPE OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
CATEGORY LABEL
PUBLIC CORP
-PJ5.1VATE_.C.ORP-. _
PARTNERSHIP
PROPRIETORS
-COOPERATIVE
CODE
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
193
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
42.0
FREQ
(PCT)
42.3
CUM-
FREQ
(PCT)
42.3
P C
SHIP D
P - ''• -• P s
' 6
9
T
1.3
2.0
0,2
1.3
2.0
0.2
97.8
99.8
100 0
TOTAL
4 0.9 MISSING 100.0
460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
456
MISSING CASES
225
-------
03/21/78
.DA-
- INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
CTATIIC nr TMC- 0
L-AMI_&I4CE-
CATEGORY LABEL
5NLY SITE
BRANCH PLA.N|T-
DIVISION
CAPTIVE SITE
VALID CASES 454
.
CODE
A
p. -
c
D
TOTaL
MISSING
'" f
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
128
26 /
7
1 •
460
CASES 6
5ELA-T.-I-V-E-
FREQ
(PCT)
27.8
63.7
5.7
1.5
1^3
100.0
—ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
28.2
5«7
1.5
MTSSTNG
ioo.o
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
28.2
92' j,7
98.5
100.0
1 nri n
• • •
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
COST CENTER A 22 4.8.
I
PROFTT TFNTFP B ?Q7 A4.A
141 30.7
TOTAL 460 , 100.0
VALID CASES 319 MISSING CASES 141
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
609
MISSING
100. 0
•
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
6.9
1 no o
.100.0
226
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
f • , ; ••
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN ''10
in Tn ?n
21 TO 30
31 TO 40 ' " ,
A! rn PQ
51 TO 60
61 TO 70
71 TO-80
81 TO 90
I 91 TO 100 ;
^ ini jn i"e;n
OVER ISO
— VALID CASES '- . i 458 -
)
CODE
""' A ;
H
C '
0
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
X >
TOTM
MISSING
- ;
f
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
195
133
59 '
26
14
3
5
3
4
3
9
4
. . . . 2
/,An
CASES -. 2
?ELAXIVE — AOJUSIEO-
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
42.4
JB.Q
12.8
5.7
3.0
0.7
i . i
A 7
,0.9
0.7
2 b
0.9
P.-*
T Art n
42.6
2°. 0
12.9
5.7
3* i
0.7
1.1
07
0.9
0.7
2 0
0.9
MISSING
i An n
i-U-W- «-U
/
CUM
FREO
-------
I 03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
Q9
MAXIMUM 1976 EMPLOYMENT
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 10
1Q TO 20
RELATIVE—ADJUSTED-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ.
CODE FREQ (PCT) CPCT3
_-.CUM.-
FREQ
(PCT)
A
_B_
178
38.7
21 Tp 30
~31 TO 40
_A1_T.O_50-
C
D
59
29
12.8
"'6.3
40.3
-29,4-
13.3
'6.6
40.3
69.7
83.0
89.6
92>,5,
51 TO 60
61 TO 70
71 Tn an
F
G
6
4
1.3
0.9
1,4
"0.9
93.9
94.8
95,2
81 TO 90
.0.9
0.9
96.2
91 TO 100
0.9
0.9
97.1
i ni Tr\ i c;n
OVER 150
K
L
Q
4
^ fl
0.9
?.;()
0.9
00 i
100.0
^10141=-
.18
mf»*mi**
-A60-
-VALLD CASES
MISSING-CASE*
3.9
4^0-^0-
-18
MISSING
i04J^-0-
100.0
228
-------
[
'
03/21/78 :, FII
Q10 AGE-OF PL At
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN, 3
3 TO c;
6 TO 10
11 TO 20
OVER 30 YEARS
• •
1- — UAL-I.D. CASES ,-448 .
i •
Gil-.-— TOTAL 1976
CATEGORY LABEL
UNDER 200000 LSS'
_2_o.oooo TO SfiQnnq
500K TO 1MM
1MM TO 3MM
O.VER -3-MTM..ION—
—
•
_E - INK - CREATED
MT
• . i • -
ABSOLUTE
CQOE FREQ
A 49
B e?l
C : 98
0 126
E 60
F 64
12
TOTAL 460
- - MISSING CASES 1-Z
VOLUME IN POUNDc
: ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
. A 1.21"
R • 76
C . 79
D "" 75
P ' 69
40
TOTAL 460
03/21/78
_J3PI ATT UP
FREQ
(PCT)
10.7
11,1
21.3
27.4
1 "5, ft
13.9
2.6
inn r»
-RELATIVE -
FREQ
(PCT)
26.3
16.5
17.2
16.3
8-7
100.0
-AOJUSIE-D—
FREQ
(PCT>
10.9
1 1 -ti.
21.9
28.1
i ^ ti.
14.3
MISSING
i t\f\ n
-
FREQ
(PCT)
28.8
18,- 1
18.8
17.9
16.4
MISSING
100.0
-.
FREQ
(PCT)-
10.9
44.2
72.3
100.0
100..0
/^f tlut
FRFQ
(PCT)
28.8
46 Q
65.7
83.6
i r>n rt
100.0
'--
VALID CASES
420
MISSING CASES
40
229
-------
03/21/78 FILE -
?
CATEGORY LABEL
0' TO 10
1 i Tn pri
21 TO 30
31 TO 40
A'I Tn i^n
51 TO 60
61 TO 70
71" TO an
ai TO 90
91 TO 100
VALID CASES 398
V Q14 AVERAGE ANNUAL
CATEGORY LABEL
UNDER 200000 LBS,
gjJOUOll IJJ — DU.UUJJU. _
500K fO 1MM
IMM TO 3MM
rn/crn -a UTI I TOM
1
INK - CREATED
ABSOLUTE
C05E FREQ
A 5
R 1<3
C 26
D 77'
E ^°
F 46
G 59
H 48
I' 30
J 29
TOTAL 460
03/21/78
FREQ
(PCT)
1.1
A.T
5.7
16.7
1-2.8
10.0
12.8
' 6.5
6.3
ioo.o
_
FREQ
(PCT)
1.3
4.8
6.5
19.3
14^,3 . -
11.6
I40a
7.5
7.3
—M4-SS5-NG—
ioo.o
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
1.3
6,0 -
12.6
31.9
/,<;, 7
58.3
73.1
85.2
92.7
100.0
-WO.-0 ,
MISSING CASES 62 .
PRODUCTION
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 124-
C 68
D 59
F &.\-
61
TOTAL 460
. RELATIVE.
FREQ
27.0
14.8
12.8
1 ** . "»-
13.3
100.0
-^ADJUSTED-
FREQ
(PCT)
31.1
17.0
14.8
15.3
MISSING
ioo.o
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
31 „ 1
52^.9,, •
69.9
84.7
1.00.0
100.0
•
VALID CASES
399
MISSING CASES
230
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 250K
500K TO 750K
75, OK TO 1~MM
IMM TO 1.25MM
1.25MM TO 1.5MM
1.5 TO 3MM
i
VALID CASES 372
-•• -017- - NUMBER OF
i
CATEGORY LA8EL '
ONE SHIFT
T.WQ_SHIE±S. . : .
THREE SHIFTS
1
sJ-fG. — -WP r*KwLJUlr.
C05E
A
B
c ;
D ,
E
F
G
H '
"TOTAL
MISSING
1 iUN
ABSOLUTE
FREO
85
76 '
40
31
35
49
42
a?
460
CASES 88
SHIFTS PER DAY
CODE
A
._.._.'• a
C
ZOlAL
'ABSOLUTE
FREO
373
73
13
'. .-. 1
AArt
Dpi ATT\/I
FREQ
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
nr CMTFTC
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE" FREQ
7 HOURS A 7
fl* R &T^
10 • C 7
12 0 1
13
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 447 MISSING CASES 13
*N-*« in uiQC-n nc- n A Vff oiro utre'V
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
1.5 1.6
1.5' 1.6
0.2 0.2
2.8 MISSING
100.0 100.0
FREQ
(PCT)
1.6
99.8
100.0
ioo.o -
t
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
LESS THAN 4- A
6 D
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
10
6
460
(PCT)
FREQ
(PCT)
FRFQ
(PCT)
2.2
2.2
2.2
93.7
1.3
100.0
1.3
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
'460
MISSING CASES
232
-------
03/21/78
FJLE - INK
-CREATED 03/21/78
> 021 NUMBER OF, TUBS LESS THAN 5 GALS
• ; .• ,
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
0 A
L_TQ 5 __... ' . . p
6 TO 1 0 C
10 TO 20 D
20 TO =;n p
OVER 50 F
' - ' ' - ' «•»•
VALID. CASES 300 .-MISSIMG
.
^ °^2 TUBS 6 TO 10 GALS
.CATEGORY LABEL CODE
: 0 A
6 TO 10 C
10 TO 20 ' D
OVER 50 F
' TOTAL-
VALID CASES 276 . --MISSING.,,
• ABSOLUTE
, FREQ
123
72
45
; 46
Q
5.
T Jp.o "
4Af)
_
p
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
';. 123
AC; . •
45
31
7
5
: 184
. 460
CASES 134.
RELATIV
FREQ
(PCT)
26.7
9.8
10.6
2« 0
1.1
34,8
100.0
^>-
FREQ
(PCT)
26.7
14.1
9,8
6.7
1 S
1.1
40.0
On
'P AD IIICTPn
FREQ
(PCT)
41.6
74 n
15.0
15.3 ,
1.7
MISSING
100.0
EX n ii icTpn
FREQ
(PCT)
44.6
, 16.3
11.2
•3
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
S Q23 TUBS 10 TO r>0 GALS
[ PPLATJVP iDJUSTFO-
ABSOLUTE FREQ' FREQ .
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
0*™ A 41 8.9 11. 1
i TO * R no ?^-o •*?•,:*
6 to .10 C 94 20.4 25.4
10 TO 20 0 78 17.6 21.1
9n Tn =;n F ^n £.5 fl.l
OVER 50 F 8 1.7 2.2
| .90 .19.6 MISSING
Tn'f AL 4Aft io^.O 100.0
Ufti Tn r&c;Ft; 370 MTC^TWR CA^F*;' Q(j
I -
qg|_/\T^yp ^n lllgTCTL
• ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ.
CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
0 A 54 11.7 15.9
6 TO 10 C 96 20.9 28.3
10 to 20 D 61 13.3 18.0
•an Tn Cn f 1 7 "* . 7 e;— Q
OVER 50 F 4 0.9 1.2
121 26.3 MISSING
TOTJM 46
-------
Q3/E1/73 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
V- 025 TUBS 101 TO 250 GALS
, , -
v- .- ABSOLUTE
, CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 ~~~~ ' . - . .". A ; ~\ us
6 TO 10 .< \ C i 45
; 10 TO 20 o 20
2Q_TO_«5n F • 10
. ; -163
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25.7
9.8
4.3
35.4
100.0 ,,
— AOJUSTEO-
FREQ
(PCT)
39,7~~
15.2
6.7
1 A.
MISSING
100.0
FREQ
(PCT)
39.7
7 A .7
89.9
96.6
100. 0
VALID 'CASES 297 MISSING CASES .163
s — -Q?A ™8S 2^1 TO 500 GALS
\ • l
: PFI ATT\/P
ABSOLUTE FREQ -
CATEGORY .LABEL _ CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A . r 162
i TO q R c,,
6 TO '10 C 12
10 TO 20 D 11
OVER 50 F 2
' - :- .".' ' : 213
-— - TOTAL 460
VALID CASES. ..247. MISSIMG CASFS 213
35.2
i T -. i
2.6
2.4
.0.4
46.3
ijin n
AH n icTtrn
FREQ
(PCT)
65.6
PI- q
4.9
2 4
• ,0.8
MISSING
inn ft
M.
FREQ
(PCT)
65.6
07 /,
92.3
96.8
QQ ?
1 0-0 .0
100.0
V • . ' ' . -
235 '
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
J>. UHf,_ _.,- 1 UDO 3Ui IU 1UUU <3HUS
RELATIVE-. ADJUSTED-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CATFGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
'0 A 188 40.9 83.6
1 TO <=; R ?7 ^T<3 1?Tn
6 TO 10 C 4 0.9 i.8
' 10 TO 20 D 6 1.3 2.7
2-^ *i.l MlsqTNfl __
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES 225 MISSING CASES 235
,
r L
PFLAT-1-«F ATLUJ«3iEn_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
0 A 195 42.4 92.0
1 TO
-------
03/21/78 : FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
">- 029 NUMBER OF 'PRODUCTION : DAYS PER YEAR
_ — ..... .. .'. .. , .„ ..--. ._...._,.;.. -. •-.„_..-, ,-.„.„. DPI ATTVC
CATEGORY LABEL
150 to 200~
??ni TO 25.0
251 TO 300
301 TO 365
UNDFR Tqn
VALID CASES
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 13
R 21°
C , 204
' , D "• ' 17
F- -a*
;, s ,
TOTAL 460
455 MISSING CASES 5
2.3
44.3
3.7
0*4
.1-1
100. 0
*n JUSTFn
FREQ
(PCT)
2.9
44.8
3.7
0.4
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
2.9
•51 0
95.8
99.6
inn n
100. 0
> Q31 ...'-. . GALS
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 10000
1.0.0 0.0. TJO_.2_Q.Q.QCL
20000 TO 30000
' 30000 to 50000
__50K T0_l DDK.
^ VALID CASES
OF WATER USED FOR ALL PURPOSES
• • R
. i ABSOLUTE
' CODE FREQ
A ' 376
R - 32 . '
C 13
.0 • &•
...-'• 27
TOTAL 460
433 MISSING CASES 27
ELATIVE A-DJUSIEO-
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
81.7
7,0
2,3
1.3
i .3
5.. 9
100.0
86.8
7»4
3.0
1.4
1 .4
MISSING
100.0
•
FPEQ
(PCT)
86.8
97.2
98.6
i nn n
100.0 ,
-. -
237
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
^ rpT ocorc-MT ne- uXrpp nSFn TM PRODUCT
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL ; CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A 201 43.7
| Tn i-ii R \*\ i^t^
11 TO- 20 C 24 5.2
21 TO 30 08 1.7
•31 Tn 4n P ig 3*9
41 TO §6 F '6 1.3
51 TO 60 G 1 0.2
fl TO 70 H 3 0,7
71 TO 80 I 5' ,1.1
81 TO 90 J 4 6.9
°1 TO °9 K '3 6m7
100 LI 0.2
35 7.6
TOTaL 460 100 6
VALID CASES • 42^ MISSIMG CASES 35
-
-
ADJUS^gO—
FREQ
(PCT)
47.3
3^ a 5
5.6
1.9
L. -S
i.4
0.2
0 ,7
1.2
0,9
0*7
0.2
MISSING
100..0
/
,,, CUM „ ' .'
FRFQ
-------
J 03/21/78 • FILE - INK ; - CREATED 03/21/78
f" y
> '034-.-.-. ... PERCENT Or WATER FOR COOLIMG
~ RFI ATTVF
• ' ' ; ABSOLUTE FREQ -
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A 42 9.1
1 TO 10 R , . 5-3 11,5
11 TO 20 - - . . C . '38 8.3
21 TO 30 D 29 6.3
_1. .31 TO 40 P •'?*'• *,7
41 TO 50 F 26 5.7
51 TO 60 G ; 24 5.2
f>\ tn 7p H 27 5 o
71 TO 80 I 35 7.6
81 TO 90 J 70 _ 15.2
•31 Tn oa «• , A* 14.3
100 L 5 1.1
' : .19 f-.l
TOTAL 460 inn n
; .-. ,, ,'.,.,, \
•• ' ' : '
1 s'
1 •
AD-JUSTED CUM
FREQ - FREQ
(PCT)
-------
03/21/78 FILE
> 035 DFC"'*FK!T ^F Wy
i
i
CATEGORY LABEL
6
1 Jn in
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
31 TO 40
41 TO SO
51 TO 60
01 Tn Qrj
-INK - CREATED
TER FOP BnILEP FEED
CODE
A
C
D
F
G
j
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
229
11
3
2
1 -
75
460
VALID CASES 385 MISSING CAS^S 7
^ ..Q36 ... PERCENT OF WATER FOR TUB CLEANING
i
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO i n
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
**i Tn in
, JJ_LQ_*D
41 T.O 50
VALSD CASES ...399
CODE
A
R
C
D
P
F
TOT.AI ,_
MISS IMG.
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
179
IfiT
30
11
7
5
61
iftn
03/21/78
RELATIVE
FREQ
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
f ' ;.••' :• — '; ' .
"ELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
i - . -. . . ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ " FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT> (PCT)
0 A 20 4.3
1 T° lfl fl ' IBI' 1Q.3
11 TO 20 C 64 13.9
1 21 TO 30 ; 6 - 19 4.1
7T TO in . . E ' 21 4.6
41 TO 50 F 49 10.7
51 TO 60 , G 24 5.2
61 TO 70 H 11 2*4
71 TO 80 , I / 1-3 - 2.8
81 TO 90 , J 6 i.3
i
°1 TO °9 K 11 2,4
100 L ' 8 1.7
• 33. 7.2
TOTAL 460 1 00 0
i r
VALID- CASES 427 MISSIMG CASES 33
i
4.7 4.7
15.0 62.1
4.4 66.5
i..a 71 i*.
11.5 82.9
5.6 88.5
2^6 91'
3.0 94.1
1.4 95.6
?,A an \
1.9 100.0
MISSING 100.0
Too o
••- • • ; • "
• . " ! '.'"--
' •'
: -- ••- - - - - -• - -'
. 241
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
> Q38 . PERCENT OF WATER FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTR
RFI ATTVE...
CATEGORY LABEL
6
1 TO VO
61 TO 70
91 TO 99
VALID' CASES 353
CODE
A
H
H
K
TOTAL
MISSING
'ABSOLUTE FRE^.
FREQ (PCT)
344 , 7t.8
'• i»*
1 6.2
1 6.2
1 Q"r' 7."*\ •» - - -
460 100.0
CASES' lOT
-ADJUSTED-
FREQ.
(PCT)
97. S
?,Q
0.3
6.3
...MISS-ING- ...
100.0
... CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
97.5
QP.4.
99.7
100.0
100 0
.
n-JO OFDfTMT HP"
CATEGORY LABEL
0
i TO i n
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
ai Tn Qn
91 TO 99
VAI Tn rA«?F«;. .. 256
WATEP FOR OTutrD o'looncre
conE
A
p
c
D
j
K
f nfj\L
MISSING
OEL'TT-"*7
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
237 51.5
i? ?.*
3 0.7
2 -0.4
7 " (} t' p
1 . 0.2
204 44.3
460 In6,0
CASES ... 204
ADJUSTED-
FREQ
(PCT)
92.6
4.7
1.2
0.8
0,4
0.4
MISSING
ioo,o -
1
CUM
FREQ
(PCT) ,
92.6
97^3
98.4
99,2
....99.6
100.0
1 00 . 0
242
-------
03/21/76 ; FILE— INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
v ._Q4Q. GFMFRAl ^AI F^
[
- •• ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL " CODE. FREQ
6 A ; n
1-iO .10 R '- IA
11 TO 20 . c ' 5
21 TO 30 0 2
41 TO 50 - F 3
—51 TO- 60 G £
6.1 tn 7n u ! a
71 TO 80 I 14,
81 TO 90 j 22
— 9l_io_9P K ;,n
iOO L 298
. 36 ..
• TOT^t 460
\
—VALID-CASES 4E4 MISSING CASES 36
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.A
T,<7
1.1
0.4
6 ,Q
0.7
0.4
9. n
4.8
fl-7'
64.8
7.8
fnn A
An HicTcn /•! iu
FREQ FREQ
(PCTJ (PCT)
2.6 2.6
T-T ^:~Q
J.-3 ~ . ^
1.2 7.1.
0.5 7.5
no Q c
0.7 9.2
0.5 9.7
"?' 1 V 1 a
: C^-i 1 I .8
3.3 15.1
5.2 20.3
9L -3Q t
70.3 100..0
MISSING ,100.0
i n n n
.
''- •
[ : X
I - - '
•••'.;
x .
\
243
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
<. OM rA.PTTVF PPQOi"*TTON
OEL'VTT/E ADJ'JSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CAJEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT (PCT)
0 A 302 65.7 73.8
\ rn jn p ^4 7.4. R,T
11 TO 20 C 22 4.8 5.4
21 TO 30 0 11 2.4 2.7
41 TO 50 F 3 0.7 0.7
51 TO 60 G 3 0.7 0.7
M Tn 7n H 3 0»7 n.7
71 TO 80 I 4 0.9 1.0
81 TO 90 J 4- 6.9 1.0
ejj yn oa K 7 1»5 1»7
100 L 8 1.7 2.0
51 11.1 M.ISSING
TOTAL 460 100 0 100 0
VALID CASES 409 MISSING CASFS "51 •- - - -
CUM
FREQ
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/73
.-042 .. PASTE INK PRODUCTION
. . , ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A 60
i" to in R ii
11 TO 20 C i 27
21 TO 30 D 20
31 TO 4n F. j'q
41 TO 50 F 44
51 TO 60 6 15
].. 61 Tn 7n ' H ' . - i-j
. 71 TO 80 I 14
81 TO 90 J 16
100 - L :• • • 178
- •: ' . " .9
TOTAL 460
VAI LD CASF;^ • &*l M ISSXWG— CASES
•' ' !
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
13.0
2.4
5.9
4.3
9.6
3.3
2. a
3.6
3.5
fl^T
38.7
2»P
1 00 * 0
Q
>
ADJUSTED
FREQ
-------
03/21/78
w nA-» LTO^in
s*
\
CATEGORY LABEL
0
i TO in
11 TO 20 -
21 TO 30
T| Tf) iQ
41 TO 50
51 TO 60
f>\ T° 70
71 TO-30-
81 TO 90
ni Tn QQ_
00
i
VAI TH f^AcrF'^
1
f
FILE - INK - CREATED
JKJI^ p(?OD(,irf IOM
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 180
R 37
C 14
D 13
p- i?
F 30
G 33
H 15'
I 22
J 20
K 10
L 56
18
TOTil 460
AAP' MT^STMG CASES 1
'
03/21/78
•RELAT-IVE ADJUSTED-
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
39»1 40.7
p,n n,A
3,0 3.2
2'.8 2.9
2; 6 2.7
6.5 6,8
7.2 7.5
3.3 "**4
4.8 5,0
4.3 4.5
2 2 2.3
12.2 12.7
3.9 MISSING
looo iooo
3 , , ,
\
\
\
FREQ
(PCT3
40.7
49.1 - ~^-
52.3
55.2
6407
7202
7S „ 6 -
80.5
85.1
87^3
100.0
ioo.6
246
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
Q44.... ...... WATER BASE INK PRODUCTION
_ _..: — — . . _.. . ___ : _ .RELATIVE
- . : ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
^ 'W? - 1 L ~."i*~ JIN". h"^'."'L"- ' l'j'"i
PPI ATTVP An.in
-------
FILE - INK
-CREATED 03/21/78
^..046...
SOLVENT BASE INK PRODUCTION
I
. ......
CATEGORY LABEL
1 Td 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
_ _3.1_IQ 40
j 41 TO 50
51 TO 60
( 61 Tr> 70
71 TO 80
L_. _.._
81 TO 90
, <31 rn QQ
100
-VALID. CASES .-_ 437
.. ... ... . *_^.,.^.. •• RELATIVE-. -ADJUSTED -
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRPQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 221 48.0 50.6
R ' "*? 7,0 7 j
C 15 3.3 3.4
0 19 4.1 4.3
£ 21 A A A Q
F 46 10.0 10.5
G 12 2.6 2.7
H 11 _? A 5 C
I 11 2.4 2.5
J 14 3-0 3.2
K IT p. ft in
L 22 4.8 5.0
?3 5.0 MISSING
TOTA*' A£,n inn rt irtA rt
— .. MISSING_CASE!5 ?^
\
••
- CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
50.6
= 7 q
61.3
65.7
"7 n c
7.0-..5-
81.0
83.8
Q JC *3
. 88.8
92.0
QC ft
100.0
100.0
- '
:
249
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
w n/. *y nortAMTPOT CMPMTC » tern
•
PFL*TTUP
ABSOLUTE FREO
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
6 A 19 4.1
i rn in n ?^ 5.7
11 TO 20 C 30 6.5
21 TO 30 D 26 5.7
11 TO 40 E 23" c^0
41 TO 50 F / 69 15.0
51 TO 60 G 17 3.7
A1 TH TO U "3C 5 4
71 TO 80 ,1 34 , 7.4
81 TO 90 J 35 7.6
oV Tn QQ K 99 21.5
100 L 29 6.3
28 6.1
TAT * i 46A Tonn
\/ Al T n P ACtTC A*7C3 MtCCTMfi PAQ?"^ ?fl
1
f
ADJUST-SO—
FREQ
(PCT)
4.4
6.0
6.9
6.0
16.0
3.9
5V8
7.9
8.1
22*9
6.7
MISSING
100 0
i^UM
FREQ
(PCT)
4.4
17.4
23.4
...2 8 .7 -
44,7
48 „ 6
54U4 • :.
62.3
70.4
—-93.3
100.0
100.0
. .. .•__
250
-------
I 03/21/73 FILE - INK" , - CREATED 03/21/78
046 INORGANIC PIGMENT. USAGE
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
31 TO 4n
41 TO 50
51 TO 60
61 Tn 7n
71 TO 80
1
81 TO 90
-------
I.
03/21/78 FILE - INK
-Q50 ._.. WATER RINSE OF TUBS
- CREATED 03/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
"YES
,..-- RELATIVE-ADJUSTED OJM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRF.Q
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
A
TOTAL
158
-,n?
460
34.3
6=;. 7
100.0
100.0 ,
HjcjqjNrt
100.0
100.0
1 Ona n
VALID CASES
158
MISSING CASES 302
oci
r/utcTTr UACU ne- Tune
"E'LATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
YES B 111
•340
24.1
7^.9
100.0 100.0
~
TOTAL 460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES 111 MISSING CASES 349
• '
>-
0,52.,,
SOLVENT WASH OF TUBS
CATEGORY LABEL
YES "
. RELATIVE .. ADJUSTED--
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
308 ' 67.0 100.0 100.0
-152 33.0 _, MISS ING 1.00.0.
460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
308
MISSING CASES 152
252
-------
03/21/78
FILE - IN*
- CREATED 03/21/78
PC;-3
f
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES 106
v_ Q54 PERIODIC CA
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES 85
, D
ABSOLUTE
COOE FREO
D 106
i . •
TOTAL 460
i .
MISSING CASES 354
USTIC SOAKING
R
ABSOLUTE
CODE \ FREQ
E ; 85
• - - . 375
TOTAL 460
MISSING CASES 375
ELAT-I-VE—
FREQ
(PCT)
23.0
77.0
100.0
ELATIVE—
FREQ
(PCT)
18.5
ai .=;
ioo.o
AOJUST-ED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0 .
100. «
v. — CL=L<^ TYP'1' nr C/11
CATEGORY LA8EL
CLOSED LOOP
OPFN
PARTIAL RECYCLE
VALID-CASES ,_173.
JSTI'* WASHING SYSTEM
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 68
C : , 25
i 287
TOTAL 460
... MISS-LMG-JCASES - g87
i 253
M<;cn
FREQ
(PCT)
14.8
17.4
5,4
62.4
100 n
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
39.3
4.A ?
14,5
MISSING
i nn n
Pt IM
FREQ
(PCT)
39.3
100.0
100.0
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
— WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
i
I
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 50 PSI
51 TO TOO PST
101 TO 150 PSI
OVER 150 PSI
VALID CASES 196
CATEGORY LABEL
ALL OF THE TIME
Mr>e;T DP" TWF TTMF
OCCASSIONALLY
NEVER
VALID CASES 444
i
PFI ATTVF Xn II ICTPn
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 149 32.4 76.0
R 4=; Q.R ?"*,0
C 1 0.2 0.5
D 1 0.2 0.5
*
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
MISSING CASES 264
-QF TUB OLE AM I N«~"' '
DCl ATTWCT 7n ilfeTCTi
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 62 13.5 14.0
R ?"3P e^J 7 c;-^ £
C 133 28.9 30.0
0 11 2.4 2.5
' * ^ ^
TOTAL 460 100.0 500.0
MISSING CASES 16
FREQ
(PCT)
76.0
99.5
100.0
i U • -.
FREQ
(PCT)
14.0
A7 ft
9.7.5
100.0
i 0 f > n
<
254
-------
: (53/21/78
FILE -•INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
1 . .
CATEGORY LABEL :
ALL OF THE TIME
MOST OF THE TIME
OCCASSIONALLY
NEVER :
it
VALID CASES 297
V Q5.9 ..: REUSE SPEMT-
f
CATEGORY LABEL
ALL OF THE TIME
MOST' OF THF TTMF;
OCCASSIONALLY
NEVER
i VALID CASES , 296 "
V. Q60 SPILL CLEAN
CATEGORY LABEL •
1
1 YES
j NO , •.. .,..'
L
:
CODE
A ,
R
C
0
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
12
14
34
237
163
460
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
2.6
7.4
51.5
• •
100.0
4.0
4.7
11.4
79.8
—MISSING-
ioo.o
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
4.0
fl.fl
20.2
100.0
100,0
MISSING CASES 163
RINSE. WATER As WACH WATER
ad ATTl/IT
CODE
A
R '
C
o ;
TOTAL
MISSING
UP BY DRY
COOE
A
B •
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
46
40
172
460
CASES 164
METHODS
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
363
27
460
-1
FREQ
(PCT)
10.0
a, 3
8.7
37.4-
•^c; 7
100.6
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
78.9
1S.2_
5.9
106.0 -
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
15.5
13.5
58.1
M I 3 3j Wj
100.0
... ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
83.8
16.2
MISSING.
100.0
/*» IM
FREQ
(PCT)
15.5
41.9
100.0
i n A rt
.— ... .CUM : ..
FREQ
' (PCT)
83.8
i rtn n
100.0
i
i - VALID CASES
433
MISSING CASES
255
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
s 0^1 FI nno ni?ATMC ' Tn ^TODU CFUFD •
i
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
wn
VALID CASES
> 062 FLOOR
CATEGORY LABEL
-""YES""'
rn
y
VALID CASES
1
v 053 UATED
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
f, Trv \n
11 TO 50
' YA LID- .CASES
DFLATTVF
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 61 13.3
R- TA7 70. B
"32 7,0
TOTAL 460 100.0
428 MISSING CASES 32
DRAINS CONNECTED TO SANITARY SEWER -
"FLATIVF
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT)
A 170 37.6
27 ' 5.9
TOTAL 4bO 100.0
433 MISSING CASES 27
I i^FD Tn UJRCU i TO in CAI TI ics
-AOJUSIEO
FREQ
(PCT)
14.3
RE;, 7
MISSING
1.00.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT),
39.3
MISSING
100.0
("I !M
FREQ
(PCT)
14.3
1 0 n . 0
100.0
(^11M ' '
FREQ
(PCT) j
39.3
1
1000 ;
ioo.o •
DC! ATT\/C" An MfCTtm ^»«iui
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 162 35.2
R J £t. 3 i 0
C 4 0.9
280 60.9
T^TAL ^^n inn o
isn MTc^TKir ra^P9 *
90.0
7 a
2.2
MISSING
inn n
FRFQ
(PCT)
90.0
100.0
100.0
256
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
s~
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
6 TO 10
11 TO 50
51 TO 100
QVFR ino
VALID CASES 226
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 168
B 40
c is
0 2
234
TOTAL 460
MISSING CASES 234
RELATIVE-..
FREQ
(PCT)
36.5
3.3
0.4
0.2
50,9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
74.3
17.7
6.6
0.9
0.4
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
74.3
98.7
99.6
100.0
V
-
r
i
Q65 U"\TEO USE™ Tn
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
ft j<"> \n
11 TO 50
51 TO 100
\
—OVER- 100
\
VALID CASES 204
fJACUA C 1 TH Irtrt rtAI
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 128
g ^T
C 28
D ; "3
E ' 2
256
TOTAL *60
MISSING CASES 256
T'JR
DILATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
27.8
o 3
6.1
0.7
0 4
55.7
ioo.o
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
62.7 .
21.1
13.7
1.5
1 0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
62.7
97.5
99.0
100.0
257
-------
L
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
._Q66.
1
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
6 TO in
11 TO 50
51 TO i6o
nvFR Tnn
VALID CASES 155
> 0^7 W*TED ' '5ED
\
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
U TO 50
51 TO 100
n\/£p - 1 o 0
VALID CASES 105
CODE
A
s
c
D
r
TOTAL
MISSING
TO WASH *\ ^5
CODE
A
R
C
D
£
TOTAL
MISSIWG
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
87
37
5
I
305
460
CASES 305
1 Tn 500 GA
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
70
If,
• 13
4.
2
. 355
460
l_ 1 UO
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
18.9
8.0
i.i
66.3
100.0
L TUB
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
15.2
2.8
• 0.9
77.2
100.0
An »i<;TFn rt IM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
56.1
1 ft . 1
23.9
3.2
MISSING
100.0
FREQ
(PCT)
66.7
12.4
3.8
MISSING
ioo.o
56.1
96.1
99.4
1
100,0
-J
FRE'Q
(PCT)
66.7
94.3
98.1
100^0
100.0
CASES 355
a
258
-------
1
03/21/7ft
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21X78
>..Q6a-._ WATER USED TO WASH A 501 TO 1000 GAL TU
•
- . - ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
.. 0 TO 5 . : A 56
6 J0...1.0 . .. . q •*
11 TO 50 i C 3
1 51 TO 100 D 5
<»s
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 69 MISSING CASES 391
^ — QA-*3 VATF." "^F_n TO WASH A 1000 GAL nP M
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE 'FREQ
0 TO 5 A : 46
6_T_0_. 10: 91
11 TO 50 C 2
51 TO 100 D 1
QVFR inn E j
-*«.
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 52 MISSING CASES 408
Dpi ATTUP
FREQ
(PCT)
12.2
n.7
0.7
i»i
0.4
.85.0
10 0.0
nop- -rii
RELATIVE
FREQ ""
(PCT)
10.0
0.2
0.4
.0.2
88.7
100.0
A n II tcTtrn
FREQ
(PCT)
\
81.2
4.3
4.3
7.2
MISSING
100.0
API iiiQTPri
FREQ
(PCT)
88.5
i Q
3.8
1.9
MISSING
100,0
- CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
81.2
89.9
97.1
inn n
100.0
Pi 'M
FREQ
(PCT)
88.5
QQ &
94.2
96.2
i nh n
100.0
•
......
259
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
"ELATTVP
ABSOLUTE FREQ
j CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
| YES A 38 8.3
-NO R 311 A7.A
1.11 24.1
! TOTAL 460 100.0
t
VALID CASES 349 MISSING CASES 111
V OT1 TC CDI V/FMT DPnTCTTI I crn OMCTTC
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES A 2 0.4-
MO R 7AA. yq . 1
94 20.4
TOT4L 460 100.0
VALID CASES 366 MISSING CASES 94
V 07? ,, IS STtAM INJECTION! DISTILLATION USED
, , "RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
NO 8 55 12.0
1 *
TOTAL 460 100.0
f
, VALID CASES 55 MISSING CASES 405
i
1
v^
. ADJUSTED -
FREQ
(PCT)
10.9
MISSING
100.0
FREQ
(PCT)
0,5
MISSING
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
10.9
inri.n
100.0
(PCT)
0.5
1 n n , n
100.0
n IM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
1 nn . n
260
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
.- CREATED 03/21/78
i
CATEGORY LABEL
VAI in rA
-------
03/21/78
> QZ6 _. STEAM
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES
> H77 STEftW
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES
FILE - INK f CREATED 03/21/78
CONDENSATE MIXED WITH PROCESS WAST
... _.. RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
D 1 0.2
4=?Q tJQ.^fl
TOTAL 460
1 MISSING CASES 459
COMDEMSATE DISPOSED OF OTHER
1
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
E 3
TOTAL 460
3 MISSING CASES 457
ioo.6
METHO
3EL-AT-I-V-E—
FREQ
(PCT)
0.7
' QQ , 3
100. 0
ADJUSTED-
FREQ
(PCT)
— ;
. , CUM
FREQ
(F'CT)
100.0 100.0
..MISSING IOfl.0 ,!.,,
100. 0
,-AOJUSXEO-
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM-..,- , ,
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100^0
'.
1 •
L rV7fl SPFNT
1
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
Kin
™u .
i VALID CASES
CAUSTIC TO SANITARY SEWER
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 43
8 . lag...
22B
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
9.3
.41.1- -
49.6
ioo.6r
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
18.5
81.5
MISSING
100.0
18.5
100.0
100.0
232 MISSING CASES 228
262
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK , .; - CREATED 03/21/78
- Oza SPENT SCM^gM"^ TO e;A\iYYApY SEWFO
; — ^ . . DPI ATTWIT
• ABSOLUTE FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES A 26 5.7
.60 13.6
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 400 MISSING CASES 60
}».. 080 .WET SCRUBBERS USED FOR AIR POLL
:
_ , . . - ABSOLUTE FREQ ^
CATEGORY .LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
y£S A 10 2.2
NO - • B 4?T 9\ 1
« 29 6.3
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 431 MISSING CASES 29
1 .. ._^ , .. . . ' ...;.. . _
CATEGORY LABEL COOE ^FREO^ "c?>
l~Yes - . •: « i — —^r~
— — ^57 9O.T
TOTAL 460 100.0
— AO-JU5TED-
FREQ
(PCT)
, 6.5,
MISSING
100.0
ADJUSTED—
FREQ
(PCT)
2.3
97.7
MISSING
100.0
-ADUU-SZEO—
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
M T CC T Mi"
100.0
CUM — ,
FREQ
(PCT)
6.5
1 ft ft ft
100.0
,
FREQ
(PCT)
2.3
100 n
100.0
CUM-
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
_1 n n . n
— — : . , .
VALID CASES
r
MISSIMG CASES 457
263
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
CREATED 03/21/78
S Q82-
..USE OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
RELATIVE...
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES B 2 0.4
— - - • • • • • • •
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 2 MISSING CASES 458
"ELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES C 99 21.5
TAI 70.=;
TOTAL, 460 100.6
VALID CASES 99 MISSING CASES 361
OftA HCF OF CYCLQNFS - ... - -
.ADJUSTED CUM.
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
ioo.o ' ioo.o
..MISSING 100.0
.
100.0
ADJUSTED rUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT). (PCT)
ioo.o iooao
100.0
CATEGORY LABEL
"YES
RELATIVE -ADJUSTED CUM.
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
7 1.5
_4S3 98.5.
460 100.0
100.0 100.0
MISSING —.100..0—
100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 453
264
-------
;> OSS
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
"SF OF FTLTFTPS Fnn_ATP Pni t rnMTonL
CATEGORY LABEL
CODE
-BELAT-IYE—ADJUST
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
21.1 ,100.0 100, n
-Z8*S MISSIHG 1-0-Q-»Q_
TOTAL
460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
97
MISSING CASES 363
QQT
CATEGORY LABEL
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
JLJtT-J-WE—AOJJJSXEO CUM-
FREQ FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
YES
TOTAL
5 1.1 100.0 100.0
—ASS—'. ...98.9—. —-MISSJJSIG 1_Q..Q...^O_
460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 455
—_Q88 —
--BOILER SLOWDOWN COMBINED
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
..—.-.: __-_.-:• RELATIVE ADJUSTED-... .CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRfQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
B
TOTAL
460
7 1.5 100.0 100.0
__98.5..._ MISSING 100.0..
100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
7
MISSING CASES 453
265
-------
03/21/78
f
\
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES
^ Q90 NON CO
CATEGORY -LABEL
VALID CASES
V. AO1 CAMTT/i
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES
FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
CLEAMTMG VM5TE COM°lMEr*
ABSOLUTE FPEQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
C 4 0.9 100.0
456 QQ . T Mi«s^f-N<7
TOTAL 460 ioO.O 100.0
4 MISSING CASES , 456
N. nf+f f*nni*T"Mft UATPR rTlMRTKlFH , ...
RFI.ATJVF ADJUSTEE
ABSOLUTE FREQ ' FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
0 46 10.0 100.0
414 90^0 MISSING
TOTAL 460 100.0 lOO.O
46 MISSING CASES 414
pv WAST^rf/TE0 '"CM0 1 MED
PEL*TT-yp" — tTLJli^TPJ
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
E , 41 8.9 100.0
TOT4L 460 100.0 100.0
41 MISSING CASES 419
1
I
CUM
FREQ
(PCT),
100.0
i no . £i
-
1 OJM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
lon.n
^
FRPQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
i
266
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
..LABORATORY WASTEWATER COMBINED
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES 21
^ CL9-T ^TEAM CWf
s CATEGORY LABEL
VALID CASES 5
^ ooe; wni YlMP nc
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TD inn fipn
101 TO 250
251 TO 500
751 TO 1000
OVER 1000
'
CODE
F
i
TOTaL
MISSING
CODE
•G ;
TOTAL
MISSING
TMK ppnpjree;1 I
CODE
A
R
c
D ,
F ;
G
TOTAL
\
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
21
460
CASES 439
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
5
460
CASES 455
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
171
171
33 •
12
5
12
50
46"0
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.6
ioo.o
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.1
QQ m O
100.0
T^D GP
PELATI VE
FREQ
(PCT)
37.2
"*7 • 2
7.2
2.6
1.3
v.i"
, 2.6
i n .0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0 ,
MISSING
100.0
An II icTrn
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
3
ioo.o
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
41.7
M.7
8.0
2.9
1 *5
1.2
2.9
MISSING
100.0
1
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
inn n
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
41.7
9i.5
94.4
QC; o
97.1
100.0
1 nn n
.,
267
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
y...Q96 . . PEAK VOLUM
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO TOO
-------
03/21/78
-09.9..
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
U)flc;TFWATP-0
REUSED
CATEGORY LABEL
REL A-T-I-VE ADJUSTED CUM—
ABSOLUTE FPEQ- FREQ FREQ
CODE F.REQ (PCT) {PCT) (PCT)
YE?
45
415
9.8 100.0 100.0
Q.g MIS?INQ 100.0
TOTaL
460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
45
MISSING CASES 415
- Q1QO.-
-WASTEWATER DISCHARGED
•TO CITY SEWE
CATEGORY LABEL
"YES ~
.. . ; . , .._. - . .. RELATIVE __ ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
FRFQ
(PCT)
138
_322_
TOTAL
460
30.0 100.0
-,_7..0,«J1 MISSING-
100,0 100.0
100.0
Tnn.o
VALID CASES
138
MISSING CASES 322
CATEGORY- LABEL
YES
i
ABSOLUTE
CODE . FREQ
E 13
447
TOTAL 460
RFLATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.8
Q7.2
100.0
— AOJUSI£D-
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
ryM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
i nn n
VALID CASES 13 MISSING CASES'' 447
269
-------
03/31/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
-WASTEWATER DISCHARGED TO RECEIVING WATER
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
RELATIVE.
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
F 4 6.9
CUM._
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
460
100. 0
1.00.0 1QQ..O
SS.ING -.LOJU-Q-
ioo.o
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 456
Q103
CATEGORY LABEL
CODE
BELAJ3-UE AOJUSXEO——CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ. FREQ
FREQ
;(PCT)
(PCT)
(PCT)
YES
3.0
100.0
100.0
-1.0.(U-0-
TOTAL
460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
14
MISSING CASES 446
I
CM-Q4-
-WASThWATER INCINERATED
CATEGORY LABEL
"YES"'""
VALID CASES
. RELATIVE.... ADJUSTS!
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
H
0.4
TOTAL 460 100.-0
MISSING CASES , 458
100.0
.-MISSING.
100.0
_.._CUM_
FRFQ
(PCT)
f.pci.o
_1.0\0 . 0^_
270
-------
03/21/78 i FILE
^ m n=; WACTFWATFO m
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES 2
y, — QID.O WASltWAItK LI
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES 123
L qin7 UACTFUATFD 1
CATEGORY LABEL :
YES ;
- INK - CREATED 03/21/78
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
I 2 0.4 100.0 100.0
... ...
TOTaL 460 100.0 100.0
MISSING CASES 458
^MTO A f*T LI A 1 It m — .
RELATIVE.'- ADJUSTED- -CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ ' FREQ FREQ
COf)E FREQ (PCT)
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
1
V— oinft WftST^WATE0 TO DEEP WFLL DISPOSAL
'
RFLATT VF
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES L 1 0.2
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 1 MISSING CASES 459
V nifiQ- AycofiRP \/o[_i IMC TMi'' PR^^E^S W^^TE DISCH^P
"tl_ATT^E
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A .237 51.5
1 yn ]hn GPD n si 1^,3
101 TO 250 C 32 7.6
251 TO 500 D 10 2.2
=;oi -f " 7^1 E * 1*1
751 TO 1000 F 5 1.1
OVER 1000 G 11 2.4
7* 1*.5
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 384- MISSING CASES 76
ADJUSTFD
FREQ
(PCT)
100. 0
-MISSING
100.0
AOJ"STED
FREQ
(PCT)
61.7
8.3
2.6
1.3
1.3
2.9
-M.ISSI-NG -
100.0
PI IM '
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100 ft
(PCT)
61.7
AT .A
91.9
t
94.5
97.1
100.0
loii.o
\
272
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/73
i.
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 1 0..0 .GI2D _
101 TO 250
251 TO 500
f?m Tn 7SO
751 TO 1000
OVER 1000
VALID CASES
; - RELATIVE -
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 209 45.4
- .. B i 7j 15,4-
C 26 5.7
D 18 3.9
F A pta
F 3 0.7
\ ' G 12 2.6
117 25.4-
TOTAL 460 100.0
343 MISSING CASES 117
ADJUSTED--.
FREQ
(PCT)
60.9
7.6
5.2
1.2
0.9
3,5
100..0
FREQ
(PCT)
60.9 '
89.2
94.5
96.5
100.0
1 00 ft
i : .
.... ..
QI i 1 nnc-c
f "J-J-i u^i_J
"CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO
VALID CASES
PLANT HAVE MPPFS PERMIT
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 10 2.2
> 359 78.0
TOTAL 460 100.0
. ,101 MISSING CASES 359
-ADJUST-ED—
FREQ
(PCT)
9.9
e>n , i
MISSING
100.0
riiM
FPEQ
(PCT)
9.9
100.0
100.0
-
I . '
' ' " -
273
-------
03/21/78
O}
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES 'A 8
NO R ?|A
236
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.7
51..3
100.0
ADJUSTED—
FREQ
(PCT)
3.6
96,4
MISSING
100.0
—. '
FREQ
(PCT)
3.6
i n n , o
100.0
VALID CASES 224 MISSING CASES 236
> llf"^ nnfTQ PLANT H*VE'DFPMTT FOP.,COOLiKIG
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL C05E FREQ
YES A ig
NCI R 91 R
223
TOTAL 460
WATE°
PELATIVE *n.iiicTPn
FREQ
(PCT)
4,1
47, i.
43.5
100.0
FREQ
(PCT)
a.o
O9, 0
MISSING
100.0
: run
FREQ
(PCT)
8.0
100,0
ioo.o
VALID CASES 237 MISSING CASES 223
V Q_1_1_q UtlMTr-[0*]_TTy ncpc; WA^T^ nopi
_ , ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES A 84
-
TOTAL 460
NAMTE
DPI ATTUF
FREQ
(PCT)
18.3
*
100.0
— ivOJUSIEO —
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
ioo.o
f*l IM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
i n o o
VALID CASES 84 MISSING CASES " 376
274
-------
j 03/21/73 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
y.-.QU.6— _ MUNICIPALITY IMPOSES SEWER USE CHARGES
CATEGORY LABEL
, ~YES "~~ 7 ".
-....., , __.-— , RELATIV£-_. AD JUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) —Q-ua—: MUNICIPALITY
ISSUES SEWER PERMITS
CATEGORY LABEL
YES •
s. .___—_._._; ....RELATIVE- ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) ' (PCT) (PCT)
39
8.5
100.0
100.0
-,_9..1..5 MISSING LQ.O..Q
TOTAL
460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
39
MISSING CASES 421
275
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
MIJMICIoaLTTv "EO'-'IPEg PLAMT TO A.MALYZE! ''/
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATJl-y£-
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
FREQ
(PCT)
F=cFQ
(PCT)
YES
30
6.5
100.0
100.0
TOTAL
4-60
100. 0
100.0
VALID CASES
30
MISSING CASES 4^u
O1 7>Q
..PLANT WASTEWATER IS TREATED BEFORE DISPO
CATEGORY LABEL
VALID CASES
.231
1 RELATIVE—ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) „ (PCT)
A
_ B __.
TOTAL
30
?01
. 22?
460
6.5
43.7
49.8
100.0
13.0
aytn
MISSING
100.0
13.0
100,0
MISSING CASES 229
276
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
:__i: PFf ATTVF AR PM^TPn
. -'- ABSOLUTE FRFQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
0 A 78 17.0 78.0
1 TO ?n R 7 i i*- 7 n
.21 T0 4« C 3 0.7 3.0
41 TO 6Q 0 1 , 6.2 1.0
- «-f- T.n CJQ '"~ F ; ? ^ 4 p 0
100 G 9 2.0 9.0
360 78,3 MISSING
TOTflL ^6" inf 0 inn n
tfAMD CASFS 100 _MlAsiwa CA?;Ft; 7Arj
)
\
'
P1 (M
FREQ
(PCT)
78 ..0
88.0
89.0
Q| f)
100.0
100.0
-
I
^—CLL22 : RESIN WASTE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL
. -- •
CATEGORY LABEL
°
.LJT0...20 '• ...
— - - ——^—>- --•- RELATIVE— ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
70
15.2
TOTiL
388
460
84.3
100.0
97.2 97.2
2.8 LOO.O..
MISSING -10-0.0
100,0 ~~ ~~"
VALID CASES
72
MISSING CASES 398
277
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
"
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A 95
ion ft i
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 96 MISSING CASES 364
_
01 ?4 ATP PfH | WA^TF AS PFprFNT OF TOTAf
i
1
i
! ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A« 73
! 1 TO ?0 8 f
386
JU
'ELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
20.7
n,?
7Q.T
100.0
BELATXVE-
FREQ
(PCT)
15.9
83.9
AOJH5TPD
FREQ %
(PCT)
99.0
MISSING
100.0
AO-JU«;TFn
FREQ
(PCT)
98.6
1.4
MISSING
/ ;
FREQ
(PCT)
99.0
loo. n
100.0
i
'
FREQ
(PCT)
98.6
i o n „ n
100.0
TOTAL
460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
74
MISSING CASES 386
278
-------
03/21/78 FILE -
> — 04-25 gA"TTAPY- WASTE.
CATEGORY LABEL
o
i rn po
21 TO 40
100
VALID CASES 129
INK - CREATED 03/21/78
_a.9 pro'^frivif AF TOT/iL
OPM ATTW1T
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 1.17 ,25.4
.. . B : L. no
C 4 0.9
G . t. 4 ••- 0.9
TOTAL 460 100. 0
MISSING CASES 331
— AOJUS-TED-
FREQ
-(PCT)
90.7
*3 1
i » 1
3.1
3.1
— M-I55IN6 — _
100.0
-.
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
90.7
96.9
100.0
— U)0 , 0 ;
• ' .
• i •-''..
^ — QI2.6 — -- -. COOLING WATER, A
CATEGORY LABEL
_ ________
1 TO ?Q
21 TO 40 .
41 TO 60
• 6.1 T0_ 80
81 TO 99
100 i
S PERCENT. OF TOTAL
DC*I ATTl/C*
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 122 26. S
8 P n j
C 1 0.2
D , 2 0.4
F ; >, 0.9 '
•• « ,5 1.1
..oS^-H.
TOTAL 460 100.0
-ADJUSTED—
FREQ
(PCT)
87.8
1 -4
0.7
1.4
2.9
3.6
100.0
FREQ
(PCT)
87.8
flQ 5
89.9
91.4
Q-3 C
96.4
100.0
IQO^Q
VALID CASES
139
MISSING CASES 321
279
-------
03/21/73
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
y Ql?7 njM^M wnv | fc n^ — tdfaWUf-f^-J — •*-«= ULM-O-U
i
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A 39
1 TO ?0 R 1
81 TO 99 F 1
. *.l?
TOTAl A Art
Mt-aiiBJ*™-' ii
nioft TPFATMFMT RY WFHTPAI T7ATTOM
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE ' FREQ
,' YES A 9 '
45 V
TOTAL 460
| VALID CASES 9 MISSING CASES 45
.
,_-,.
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL " CODE FREQ
YES 8 36
4?4
TOTAL 460
"""-•- • — "
-BELAXIVE AOJUSXED—
FREQ FREQ.
(PCT) (PCT)
8.5 95.1
0.2 2.4
.91.1. MISSING
inn.o ion, n
Q
RE'LAT IV.E AD JUS3^D_
FREQ FREQ ,
(PCT)
-------
Q3/21/7B
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
-Q130 TREATMENT BY FLOTATION
CATEGORY LABEL
• RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
CUM._
FREQ
(PCT)
1 460 loo.o MISSING 100.0
— : -;-'- ..—TOTAL 46<3 iO.O*jQ_. 100.0
— .VAL1D_CASES.._. ..0 MISSING CASES.. . 460 "_
J • • - . — - . • ;
•f Q13] TOFflTMFMT HV pr)LYMER_
- - - I •
~ : — — : BELATIME An.iilgTFn ryM
PATFrnov , -Xan ' , . _' ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ1 (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
• •"• v : • ^66 foo.p MISSING 100.0
— TOTAL 4^Jl______LaQ^JL 1-0 OyQ. '
—VAI TD CASE.S : _Q MT^-.Mn TA<;F<; ^.An "'
^ Q132— LAGOON TREATMENT " ^ .
.._._. ..... ' ,.. ... .. .. . .,...,_,. RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM._.
• . _'. ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE ; FREQ (PCT) (PCT) ' (PCT)
E 3 0.7 .100.0 100.0
— , „-_,.; ,.'. 457. .99.3 _'. MISSING- -_1.00..0_.,
TOTAL 460 ~100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 457
281
-------
03/21/78 rILE - INK - CKtATtU OJ/dl/ra
V Ql 3^ CADPO^I Ap^npoy^nM TD^^TMFMT
c
RH.&TTVF AQJUSTF_D_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
460 100,0 MISSING
TOTAL 4fin inn,n inn, ft
O1**4 TREATMENT BY FQUAl'lZATION • • ......... ..
RELATIVE ADJUSTED ..
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ.
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
YES G 3 0.7 * .100.0
4^7 " 99.J3 MISSING—
TOTAL 460 iOQ.O 100.0
VALI.D CASES 3 MISSING CASES 457
FREQ
(PCT)
lOOoO
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
_LCLQLJ5 :
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES 11
ABSC
CODE FF
H
t
TOTAL l
MISSING CASE
RELA-T-I.VE ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ . FREQ
(PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
46.0
100.0 10000
x MISSING 1.00 ,.0-
100.0 100.0
r
282
-------
L
r
.
1
1
r
r~
\
03/21/79 ' . FILE - INK - CREATED
Q13o TWt.AfMc.NI H Y LI"t, AUD I i iUN
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL > COnE FREQ
460
TOTil 460
': ' •' :
. .. ...
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES .- J 1
.
, TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 1 MISSING CASES 45
QU38 TREATMNT BY GRAVITY SEPARATION
: , - . ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES ; K '• 19
_. ._.„.., . ; . ' ' ... _... '. .._ ..441
TOTAL 460
03/21/78
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
ioo.o
D
RELATIVE
FREQ
,(PCT)
0.2
QQ.fl
100.0
9
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.1
95.9
100.0
1
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
MISSING
100,0
i
-ADJUSTED
FREQ '
(PCT)
100.0
RISSiNG.
100.0 '
-
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
-
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
•• "
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
i
'VALID CASES
19
MISSING CASES 441
283
-------
] 03/21/78
FILE - INK
-IB£AJMFNT RY FILTPAJJpJM-
- CREATED 03/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE-—ADJUSTED CUM_...
ABSOLUTE FRF.Q FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
f YES
0.9 100.0 100.0
JG LQ.OL»G-
TOTaL
460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 456
i
>-._ai.40 .... _.. TREATMENT BY ALUM ADDITION
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM...
FREQ
((PCT)
FREQ
(PCT)
FRF.Q
(PCT)
M
TOTAL
Z
460
0.4 100.0
^-99.6. -...MISSING.
100.0 100.0
100.0
-1Q.O..O_
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 458
> CO.4J.
apTTVATPn g|"P?F TPFXTMFMT,
CATEGORY LABEL
"YES
; , RELATIVE—ADJUSTED C
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
460
1.5 100.0 100.0
—98 ..5 MISS ING 10 0 ..0
100,0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 453
-------
03/21/73
FILE -
- CREATED 03/21/78
Q142
BATCH OR CONTINUOUS TREATMENT SYSTEM
CATEGORY LABEL
BATCH
CONTINUOUS _..
1 '
CODE
A S
B
0 i
•OTAL
. ABSOLUTE
FREQ'
34
27
399
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
7-*
5.9
86.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
55.7.
44.3
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFO
(PCT)
55.7
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
61
MISSING CASES 399
DP mMTjMlinijC i^a^TFVJ.ftTFP
CATEGORY LABEL
BATCH
! CONTUMU.Q11S _._
: _._R£LATIVE_-ADJUSTED - GUM-
ABSOLUTE FRE-Q FREQ FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
A
B
73
_.30
15.9
_ 6.5-
TOTAL
357
460
77.6
100.'b
VALID CASES
103
MISSING CASES 357
70.9 70.9
E9..1 :_. 1.0 Q»0—
MISSING 100.0
100.0
285 -
-------
03/21/7R
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
0144
YEAR WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM WAS INS
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
GORY LABEL CODE F'REQ (PCT)
56
57.
60
61
„. . . , . 62.
68
69
• 7ft
72
73
75
76
77
TOTAL
1
... 1
1
i
i
3
. 4
?
3
2
2
8
5
A
422
460
0.2
.. 0.2... .
'• 0.2 ^
0.2
. .. 0.2. -
0.7
0.9
0.4
0.7
0.4
ri.4
. 1.7
1.1
91.7
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM _
FREQ FREO
(PCT) (PCT)
2.6
2.6
•2.6
2.6
__. 2.6.-.
7.9
10.5
5^3
7.9
5.3
R-T
21.1
13.2
i n Q
MISSING
100.0
, 2.6
S,3
7.9
10.5
n?
21.1
31.6
Tft A
44.7
50.0
«?m •?
76.3
89.5
i nn n
100.0
VALID CASES
38
MISSING CASES 422
286
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
.: so.
ion.
>. Voii:.
600,
i ' 700 .
1000.
1340:.
1500.
1800.
i 2000.
! iooo.
610S6.
10000.
i 1 1 o o o .
1117«.
15000.
1
j
i 17000.
- 18000.
20000.
acnnn
55000.
0.
;- • - : TOTAL
1
3
i
1
?
i
1
•?
1
3
i_
1
3
I
i
4
1
?
1
- i"
i
' 427
460
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
• FREQ FREQ
(PCT) ,(PCT)
' 0,2
0.2
0.2
0.4.
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.7
n . ?
0.2
0.9
0 .?
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
92.8
100.0
3.0
<3,1
3.0
3.0.
6^1. -
3.0
3.0
- ^«1
3.0
, 9.1
3.0 - -
. 3.0
9.1
- 3.0
3.0
12.1
3.0
6.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM.
FRFQ
(PCT)
3.0
12.1
15.2
18.2
24.2
27.3
30.3
36". 4
39.4
48.5
51 1*
54.5
63.6
66.7 .-'--..
69.7
81.8
84.8
90.9
93.9
97.0
100.0
100. 0
287
-------
03/25/78
S oiift
r
FILE - INK
AMMIIAL nprpftTjnM rncf15 nr
CREATED 03/21/78
G
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
I
1
i
i
\
i
i
i
L . ...
i
10.
!
100.
150.
260.
600.
1000 .
3000.
9000.
0.
... , • ... TOTAL
1
I
.3
1
i
i
i
«
4
1
i'
435
.....460
ELATIVE
FREQ
-------
F:\_E -
- CREATED 03/21/73
Q149
SLUDGE STORED ON PLANT PROPERTY
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREO FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
A
TOTAL
..^458
460
0.4
99.6
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRF.Q
(PCT)
100,0
100.0 .
VALID CASES"
MISSING CASES 458
......_. _.RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM—
ABSOLUTE FPEQ FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
[ YES ~B 3 0.7 100.0 100.0
L _ .:. .___ .452 : 99..3 -MISSING 10,0.0-.-
f~~ • -- - ' •- --. - 4»*»«»WM*» •»•••!••»«->« «•••«•••«•.••
TQTaL 460 100.0 . 100.0
VALID CASES 3 MISSIKIG CASES 457
; . • ' :
• ; - •' .--...••...".•' '
( \ ' "
>
V.-.-.Q1S1 SLUDGE IS SOLD
! . RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
i ' 'ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
I YES C -1?. 0.4 100.0 100.0
i .. .... ... ..'..... 458 99'.6 MISSING V100.0
! , . , -____„ ' -___„— ______
i TOTAL '. 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES
458
289
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
-SLUOGE—LS—CONIRACX-HlULED-
CUM
FRFQ
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
- ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ
CATEGORY LAPEL CODE FREO (PCT) (PCTJ
YES D 59 12.8 100.0 100.0
- , ------- . -- .... ________ ,_.. ________ &ni a?,? ____ MISSING— 100.0.
TOTAL 4-60 100.0 _. 10,0.0
VALID CASES 59 MISSING CASES 401
v._,Q153. ....... SLUDGE IS RECLAIMED
I RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FPEO FREO FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) , (PCT)
i 460 loo.o MISSING 100.0
j .,_ ...... , _ __ ..... ..TOTAL . ..46,0 ....... 100.0. .. 100.0 _____ . .
•._ VALID CASES. . o MISSING CASES 460 ..- . ...
(
I
S OLSA-
...SLUDfiE
CATEGORY LABEL
• RELATIVE.-.. ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
COOE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PC'D
TOTflL
9 2.0
.451 98.0
460 100.0
100.0 100.0-
MISSING- . .100.0..
100.0
VA.LID CASES
MISSING CASES 451
290
-------
; 03/21/7^ FILE - INK ' - CREATED 03/21/73
t * i ' •
i • . , • -
V—.Q.L56 I.5.. SLUDGE. .CQMQI TUNEo,
CATEGORY LAREL
YES, "
— NO . . _.._-_
: -. .RELATIVE- . ADJUSTED CUM-
!_ ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ "
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
3
J.15
0.7
-25 ..9-
2.5
TOTAL
33fl
460
73,5
100.0
2.5
_ SZ. 5_ _z
MISSING loo.o
100.0
VALID CASES:
122
MISSING CASES 338
V. Ql'57
CONTRACTOR USES PUBLIC LANDFILL
-._-.„„ ,„,
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
- ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
50
410
-B^^-
460
RELATIVE ADJUSTED ... CUM
VALID CASES
50
TOTAL
MISSING CASES
FREQ
.(PCT)
10.9
S9.i
*-«•«»_.»
100.0
FREO
(PCT)
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0 100. Q"
MISSING, ._ 100.0....
•«>««.«.«
100.0
410
)=—JU53-
rnMTParTi-ip IJSES
- -
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES
ANDFILL
71
;_—,.,__ ------ ._-• ---- RELATIVE- ADJUSTED- -CUM
- ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CRE&TED 03/21/73
Q159. CONIKAUIUK 1NUINC.WA 1 h.b 3LUUWC.
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COPE FREQ
YES C 17
L .... ._ .. _443
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 17 MISSING CASES 443
i
i
j
t _f
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO
: "YES ° ?2
; 4-?*
| TOTAL 460
FREO
(PCT)
3.7
96.3.....
106.0"
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
?ELAT-I-V£ AOJUSZEO
FREO
(PCT)
4.8
<**,?
ioo.o
FREO
(PCT)
100.0
MISSXNG —
100.0
CUM .. ..
FREQ
(PCT)
•• — — •-
100.-0
1 OQ 0
*
^
-CUM. ' '..:
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
.100.0
!.
1 VALID CASES 22 MISSING CASES 438
1 ' ' , '
I, CLL61 CONTRACTOR DISPOSAL METHOD UNKNOWN
t
i
l ABSOLUTE
} CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO
! YES E 144
316
I • * * ~ «— •
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
31.3
68.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM.. ....
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0... ... ..
VALID CASES
144
MISSING CASES 316
292
-------
. FIUE -
- CREATED 03/21/78
Q163
COST PER GALLON OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
; ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL . COnE FREQ (PCT) {PCT>
- - . ' - ; . f .
. ' • " 2. : •-
3.
. - ••- ' - ---.- ... ., . .'. ' 4.-
,|' , ' ' . ' ' > ' "
____, . _„_..__
** i
. . . ' • '• . • 7._
9- :
- -11.
• : 12. i
IS;
" ' 17
^ ' - 18,. •
19,
----- -20^-
-
'.
4
.2
7
... .1
6
"""s ~-"T--
2_
2
4_
14
4
6.
6
2
|
1
1
- 1
1
^
0.9
0.4
1.5
0..2 -.
"Y.i """"" '
0.4
0.4
0.9
3.0
0.9
0.9
OA
1.3
0.4
n ?
0.2
0.2
0.2
-. )- -: L „* ..; •::,
0.2 •-
n . 7
0,9
0.4
1.5
. 0.2
.... i'3/ .,
1.1
-.0 ^4 .
0.4
0.9
0.9
0.9
.-O.A. ...
1.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
--0.7-
0.2
0.2
n 7
CUM
FREQ
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - C
zV
28.
32.
34.
47.
• "50.
i 69.
TOTAL
:REATEO
L.
2
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
460
33/21/78
0*9
0.4
0.2
1.5
0.2
0.2
n.7
0.2
0.2
.0.2
100.0
0 Q
0.4
0.2
i
•- .liS ...
0.2
0.2
r>,7
p. 2
0.2
0.2
0.2
100.0
96.3
96.5
98.3
98.5
pq.l
99.3
99.6
100.0
294
-------
Q3/21/7A FILE - INK ,, -CREATED 03/?1X78
Q164 PERCENT OF FLOW BECOMING SLUDGE .,
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
6 TO 10
11 TO 15
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 40
8 8
C 9
TOTAL
404
'+60
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREQ FREQ
(PCT> (PCT)
8.7 71.4
1.7.. . 14.3 . .
1.7 ' 14.3
87.8 MISSING
CUM
. FREQ
(PCT)
71.4
... 85.7 .
100.0
100.0
100.0 .„._, 100.0 _..
VALID CASES
56
OFFSPFC
MISSING CASES 404
uTTH
CATEGORY LABEL
YES " "'
—— —RELATIVE—ADJUSTED CUM _
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ"
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
460
0.7 100.0 r 100.0
_..9.9 ^3^ MISSING 100.0—
100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 457
S-..-Q166.
OFFSPEC INK SOLD TO SCAVENGERS
CATEGORY LABEL
YES'1
VALID CASES
42
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ ' FRFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT')
,B
TOTAL"
MISSING CASES
42
41fl
460
SES '" 418
:95 -•
• 9.1
90.9
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0
;
-------
03/31/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
C.ATEGORY LABEL CODE
' YES C ,
TOTAL
t
t
VALID CASES 85 MISSING
}
ABSOLUTE
85
460
CASES 375
1
V.. .Q168_ OFFSPEC INK BLENOF.D INTO OTHER PRO
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES . D 378
8?
TOTAL
VALID CASES 378 MISSING
460
CASES 82
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
18.5
100.0
DUCT
RELATIVE
FREQ
((PCT)
82.2
1.7.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING.
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
* lOO'.O""
MISSING
100.0
CUM ..
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CUM .
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100,0
-QE-
CATEGORY LABEL
_, . RELATIVE:. ADJUSTED ... CUM...
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
.GIVE
• HAUL
PAY
TOTAL -
1 '
1_
1
457
460
0.2
0 , 7>
0.2
99.3
. 100.0.
33.3 33.3
_33.3 66.7
33.3 100.0
100.0
MISSINO
.100.0 .. -. -...
•_..VALID CASES.
, 3. MISSING CASES '...457..— ..
296
-------
<33/21/7fl FILF - INK , - CREATED 03/21/78
. " - - V
Q170 PLANT HAS PH ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATF.P
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE • FRF.Q FREO FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
i Tt5 , _ . A 53 11.5
-407 88.5
TOTAL K 460 100.0
VALID CASES 53 MISSING; CASES 407
^ °i7i PL«MT HA.S ROD AMAL.YSTS OF WASTEWATF°
.. _....," ..'.', RELATIVE
- • ; ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY, LARFL COHE FREQ (PCT)
YES B 33 7.2
•*
TOTAL 460 100.0
/ VALID CASES 33 MISSING CASES 427
i - 'A
,r --:-— - .
i • - ' • - •'• •.'.-••'
^ — 0172. :......_. PLANT HAS COD ANALYSTS OF WASTEWATER
RELATIVE
„ „ • ' ' ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL , CODE FREQ (PCT) -
'vc ' ' '" '' "' •
ES C Ifl . 3.9
442 96.1
. • •. TOTaL 460 100.0
100.0 100.0
MISSING ioo.o.._..
loo.q
AO.JUSTFP CtIM
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MfSSINfi 100 0
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING loo.o
100.0
VALID CASES
IS
CASES 442
297
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
-•"CREATED 03/21/78
7T
!
j CATEGORY LABEL
~~~YES
CODE
D
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
TOTAL
32 7,0
...428 -9.3 ..0—
460 100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
-MISSING—
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
JL O0.^0_.
VALID CASES
32
MISSING' CASES 428
.. Q1Z4. PLANT HAS TOTAL SOLIDS AMALSIS OF WASTEW
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
CODE
E
..._._.,.
TOTAL
' RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM...
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
-------
FILE - INK
- CREATFD 03/?l/79
Q176
PLANT HAS OIL AND GRFASE, ANALYSIS
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
.
•
,-
•
_
..
••
I
:
1
YES G 17
: 443
3.7
96.3
.- ' TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 17/ MISSING CASES 443
tti77 PLANT HAS Ti"5siniTY ANALYSIS o^ '-"V^TEWAT
RPI ATTUF
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES, H 5
•
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 5 MlsSIMG CASES 455
.- ' .._...,...._:
. _QL78 ._ PLANT HAS TRACE ORGANJICS ANALYSIS
' ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES . • I 5
' ' 455
, TOTAL 460
VALID CASES ; 5 wlSSI'NG CASES 455
FREQ
(PCT)
!•!
100.0
RELATIVE
. .FREQ
(PCT)
'l.l
98.9
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
ADJUSTED- -
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING '-
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
JOO.O
100.0 :
-
\
. CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
1*00.0
.
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 "
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/23/78
Q180
NEW CAP COST FOR RASFLINE WATER POLL REG
| CATEGORY LARF.L cOr>E
500.
-. .. . • :J32.06.
i 4000.
5000.
- — ..-- 6000..
« 7500.
10000.
}••- - _J_9.0fto.
! 15000.
i
200,0.0..-.
IT — — "SO-OiL.
30000.
38000.
_.__ — . _ _ .400Qfl~.
j 50000.
! 60065.
. .8.0.00-0-.
125000.
150000.
— — --- 1^5-0-dn
1500000.
0.
i _ — . XQZ4L
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
FREQ (PCT) (PCT.
1
' 1.
1
2
1
1
11
1
2
4-
3
3
1
j
2
2
1
1
1
i"
1
: . *18'
4fin
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
...O.2.
0.2
2.4
0.?
0.4
0.9
n .7
0.7
0.2
-.. .... -0.2.
0.4
0.4
a^
0.2
• 0.2
A O
U-«-C —
0.2
90.9
1 rt rt ft
__| UU • U —
2.4,
2.4...
2.4.
4.8
2.4
2.4
26.2
?. h.
4.3
9.5
7 1
7.1
' 2.4
,4
4.8
4.8
o /.
2.4
-2.4
2 « .4
2-4
MISSING
1-00.. 0
CUM
FRFQ
,
-------
03/21/7S
FILE - INK
- CREATED Q3/21/7B
CATEGORY LA8FL COOE
o.
.... . 175.
'...-.: -.'son;.
700!.
-V..' , ... 800.
Tooo.
1200.
150 0«
1831.
. ?ooa.
3000.
3500.
4000.
4500.
.'.... . 5000.
'
'
9000.
, 12000.
20000.
, ' 135000.
. ...''_ ...TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
409
i
. _ 1
8
1
1
5
i
3
2
S •
1
5
3 •
1
3
•p
1
. i
460
RELATIVE t
FREQ
(PCT)
88.9
0.2
0.4
0.2
,0.2..—,-.
1.7
0.2
0.7
. 0.2
i .i
0.2
JO-.7
0.4
1 » 1
0.2
'i.i
0.7
0.2
,-0,7
0.4
0.2
0.2
100.0
iOJUSTE
FREQ
(PCT)
88.9
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
1.7
0.2
..1.0.7
0.2
l.'l
0.2-
0.7
0.4
1.1-
0.2
1.1
0.2
0.7
.- -0..4-
0.2
0.2
100..0
D CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
88.9 -
89.6
89.8
.90.0
91.7
92.0
92'. 8
93.9
04 . 1
94.8
95.2
96.5 ,
97.6
98.3
98.5
99.1
9Q 6
99.8
100.0
301
-------
03/21/78
fILF. - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
Q182.
ODOR REGS TO HAVE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON P[_A
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES
i
_DJ-S3
RELATIVE' ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ x FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
. .... 45L
TOTAL 460
MISSING CASES 451
2.0 100.0 100.0
. , 98.0- MISSING ... 100...0-
100.0 100.0
IMpAT
r
CATEGORY LABEL
: BELATI-VE ADJUSTED CUM-
ABSOLUTE FPEQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
YES 8
.TOTAL
5
460
1.1 100.0
.100.0 100.0
100.0
i f i n . n
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 455
1
L
.018,4 SOLID WASTE REGS TO HAVE ECONOMIC IMPACT
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
RELATIVE ADJUSTED ' CUM .
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
C 59 1?.8 100.0 100.0
. ..... .401 87.2 MISSING 100.0-
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
59
MISSING CASES 401
302
-------
03/21/7P
FILET - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
=—0135 __-
1SHA..J3EGS.-..T.O HA VE_£CnNO.M IC-IMPAC
CATEGORY LABEL
YES ; "
' •• RELATIVE ADJUSTED . CUM
ABSOLUTE FREO FRFQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) '(PCT) (PCT)
110 23.9 100.0 100.0
—MISSING— 100.0._.
100.0
VALID CASES
110
TOTAL 460 100.0
MISSING CASES 350
V Q186
AIR POLL CONTROL PEGS TO HAVE IMPACT
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
VALID CASES
46
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREO FRF.Q FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) .(PCT)
TOTAL
46
414
460
10.0
90.0
.100.0
MISSING CASES- 414
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
IOQ.Q
HAVF
n\) PLANT
CATEGORY LABEL
VALID CASES
67
_ __.. ....RELATIVE-. AD JUSTED CUM.
- ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
F .67 14.6
'w ,.,.393.. .85.4.
TOTAL 460 100.0
100.0 100.0
.MISSING 100.0..
100.0
MISSING CASES 3<53
303
-------
03/S1/73
FILE - INK
-CREATED 03/21/78
Qiaa
SAFE DRINKIMG WATFR ACT TO HAVE IMPACT
i CATEGORY LABEL
1
YES
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT)
-------
03/21/78
FILE - TNK
- CREATED 03/21/78
V--Q-1-89-
-MEW.-CAP- COSTS .JO-MEET.-ALL—REG-,-AR£AS—.
CATEGORY LABEL
ABSOLUTE
COnE FREO
RELATIVE
FRFQ
(PCT)
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
305
-------
03/P1/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
90000.
100000.
1
; .125000.
!
150000.
pooooo.
250000.
300000.
4.00000.
500000.
i
1 _
6.
TOTAL
f, ^
1
r
1 !'
I
1 0.2 0.9 ..89. a.
3 0.7 2.8 91.7
' f 0.2 , 0.9" 92.7 "
1 0.2 0.9 93.6 ...
2 0.4 1.8 95.4
1 0.2 0.9 96.3
1 6.2 0.9 _97.2. — ._
1 0.2 0.9 98.2
1 0.2 0.9 99.1
£ 0*2 0.9 10 0.0
351 76.3 MISSING 100.0
1 ^ ,—
460 100.0 100.0
306
-------
03/21/78
FILE - TNK
- CREATED 03/21/78
"I
v — 04,9.0-
-AWWUAL-.OPER.-COST.S-TO .M££T -4LL-.REG-JiR.E4S.
CATEGORY LAPEL COHE
: ion.
ISO
250.
500.
— --' — fono. .
1200.
. 1500 i,
''flon
*
~ •• : ?5oo.
?700.
T o o o
• *
4000i
5000.
fioori
"
ftion.
., ,
7000.
'~- ; -•- ' 7200.
7500.
P 0 0 0 .
.
P500.
looon.
1?000.
•-- 15000.
ABSOLUTE
1
1
1
*
.. g
l"
2
i n
1
1
4
1
6
•5-7
1
2
1
1
3
1
3
2
4
RELATIVE t
FREO
(PCT)
0.2
0,2
0.2
0.9
U7
0.2
0.4
? 2
0.2
0.2
OQ
0.2
1.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.9
lOJUSTFO
FREQ
(PCT)
0.9
fl Q
0,9
3.6
... -7.3---.
0.9
1.3
91
..i .. —
0.9
0.9
3gL
• o
0.9
5.5
33.6 •
0.9
1.8
0.9
0.9
2.7
0.9
2.7
1.8
3.6
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
0.9
1 Q
2.7
6.4
13. -6
14.5
16.4
25*5
26.4
27.3
30 .9 . ,
31.8
37.3
70.9
71.8
73.6
74.5
75.5
78.2
79.1
81.8
83.6
87.3
307
-------
03/21/7B
FILE -
- CRE&TEO 03/21/78
19000.
19500.
20000.
30000.
37500.
47000.
60000.
65000.
1050,00.
148000.
0.
TOTAL
1
1
3
2
1
' ?
i
i
i
i...
350
460
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
76.1 k
100.0
0.9
0..9
2.7
i.a
0.9
1.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9 ...
100«0
88.2
89.1
91. 8
93.6
94..S
96.4
97.3
98.2
99.1
.1.00..Q
-100.0
308
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK
-RM.1.
-WJ=LI..I£_LEAD--.P.IGMF.NT._
- CREATED 01/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS IJSIMG
VALID CASES
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM.
ABSOLUTE FREQ F'RFQ FRFQ
CODE FREO
-------
03/21/78
FILF - INK
- -CREATED 03/21/78
RM4
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LAREL CODE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING D is
"... , ._44S
TOTAL 460
I
VALID CASES 15 MISSING CASES 445
i
I OM =
f
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COHE FREQ .
NO. PLANTS USING £ ' 5?
•
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 5-2 MISSING CASES 408
f
V,»_RM6 , ZINC YELLOW
~" ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO
| NO. PLANTS USING F 2
..... 458
' TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FPEQ
(PCT)
3.3
96.7
100.0
PCI ATTVF
FREQ
(PCT)
11.3
Rfl ,7
100.0
RELATIVE
FRF.Q
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100,0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING-
100.0
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100«-Q ..
_AO lu^TFn n IM
FREQ FPFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0
- s -L 3--
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
i no ft
CUM ..
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
10 O.Q.._
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 4-58 .
310
-------
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
... R£LA±I.VE—A.O JUSIED C1JM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRfQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING
0.7
qg.3
100.0
MTS.SJJ
100.0
100.0
TOTAL
460
100.0
100.0
MISSING CASES 457
\> RMS
-MISC MI AG CU PB-OR BRONZE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
,-: RELATIVE... ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PcT)
H
268
_L22_
TOTAL
460
58.3 100.0
—4i.»7. MISS INC
100.0 100.0
100.0
_LO.a_Q
VALID CASES
268
MISSING CASES 192
• DC1! A TT WC1
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING I 79 17<2
• "5 Si ars a
TOTAL 460 100.0
— AOJ.US1ED-
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
M T QC TMr*
100.0
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
VALID CASES 79 MISSING CASES 381
311
-------
03/21/78
FILE - IMK
- CREATED 03/21/78
.. RM1Q CADMIUM
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
'. VALID CASES 50
PMJl TWOOMF fSP££M
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
I VALID CASES 24
k. RM1 ? CHROMIUM OXtDF
•CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
1
f ' " "
i
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
COnE FREO (PCT)
J 50 10.9
-^All).. , ._ 89. !,._
TOTAL 460 100.0
MISSING CASES 410
PFLA-T-I-U£
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ
-------
03/21/78
FILE - IMK
- CREATED 03/21/78
i BM4-3-
I CATEGORY LABFL '
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
• - —RELATIVE. ADJUSTED. CUM .
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
M
TOTAL
2.0
460
100.0
MISSING CASES 451
100.0 100.0
-MISSING 10Q.-Q—
100.0
CADMIUM YELLOW OR ORANGE
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE rREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
| NO. PLANTS USING A ; 64 13.9 1QO.O "lOO.V
•-— -• : - •'••- -.--.. —396 . —-,86.1 MISSING 10Q..Q_
I . . _' "~ —™—~ --.—-- --._,„-«
1 TOT4L 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES 64 MISSING CASES 396
i
I
S RM.iq rMPOMF vc'LLni-ir
1 --.,,..._.RELATIVE -ADJUSTED— CUM__
4RSOLUTE FREQ FREO FRFO
CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS~USING"" a" "322 "TO'.O ioo."o iob"."o"~
j _ :. ,..i; ; .__i3a 30<§o .MISSING . 100.0..
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES 322
MISSING CASES
313
138
-------
03/21/7B
FILE -
- CREATED 03/21/78'
RM16.. ,
CHROME ORANGE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
24
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
100.0
TOTAL
MISSING CASES 436
24
436
460
5.2
... .94.8
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE—ADJUSTED - CUl-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREO FRFQ
COnE FREQ JPCT) (PCT> (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING o
i
! TOTAL
307
460
66.7
33. T
ioo.o
100.0
100.0
100.0
10". 0
VALID CASES
307
MISSING CASES 153
•v JRHiQ .-..LEAD
CATEGORY LAP.EL
NO. PLANTS USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
CUM ______
454
460
1.3
98.7
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASFS
454
314
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
.PHLOXJNE_#E0
!
I CATEGORY LABEL
! ; _
: NO. PLANTS USING
RELATIVE. ADJUSTED CUM ..
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
129
28.0
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
129
>.-_RM20.~ . -. LEAD
TOTaL
460
100.0
100.0
MISSING CASES 331
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM .
ABSOLUTE FREO ' FREQ FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
MISSING CASES 4-57
3
457
460
0.7
.... 99.3
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0 _....
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
57
..._ _._-RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (P.CT)
TOTAL
MISSING CASES
57 12.4 100.0 100.0
.403 87.6 .. MISSING. .. 100.0
460 lOO.O 100.0
403
315
-------
03/21/73
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
RM22
IRON BLUE WITH CYANIDES
| CATEGORY LABEL
t
'. NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES 299
v — RjA?*v ?TM^ no rnPOMT
* *„.* i
[ CATEGORY LABEL
1 NO. PLANTS 'USING ••-•
L. . . ._ ... ... ,.,. ... •
VALID CASES 1
i
V, — RM2.4, . . PHTHALOCYANINE
'"
CATEGORY LA.BEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES 343
CODE
I
TOTAL
MISSING
Lj.M_aaoutii-
COOE
J
TOTAL
MISSING
BLUE
CODE
K
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
299
161
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
65.0
- 35.0
460 100.0
CASES 161
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1
460
CASES 459
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
343
117
460
CASES 117
DCI ATTWp
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
QQ ft
100.0
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
74.6
25.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
ioo.o
AH ii iCTcrn
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
M T <^QT Ml^
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 . -..
f*i IM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
IA n f\
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0'
100.0
316
-------
03/21/7R
FILE - IN*
- CREATED 03/21/78
-R.M25-
CATEGORY LABEL
MO. PLANTS USING
CODE
L
TOTAL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED.. . CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFO
FREQ .(PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
32? 70.0 100.0 100.0
-L3S 30.0 MISS ING 10 0* 0_
460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
322
MISSING CASES 138
RM26
... CHROMIUM PIGMENTS
CATEGORY LABEL
VALID CASES.
__^__.-.- RELATIVE ADJUSTED . _. CUM_
.,— ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ FREQ
COOE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
-TOTAL
460
««M«D4WW«
...460
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0 .
100.0
MISSING CASES A60
PM77
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
'__.._ RELATIVE ADJUSTED GUM-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
COHE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
N
TOTAL
1 -0.2 100.0 100.0
_459 9.9 . 3 MISSING 100.0-
460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 459
317
-------
03/21/73
PILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
RM28
LEAD PIGMENTS
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LAREL CODE FREQ
I
460
„-.-..; -, TOTAL 46Q
•
VALID CASES o "ISSIMG CASFS 4&o
L PMPQ
i
i
! .
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
TQMFD
CJFI ATTVF
! . ABSOLUTE FRFQ
| CATEGORY LABEL . CODE FREQ
NO. PLANTS USING P 204
•
?^A
TOTAL 460
.
•VALID CASES 204 MISSING CASES 256
t
i
i • .
v. RM30 DICHLOROBENZIDENE DlARYLIDE YFLLOW
i
I • ABSOLUTE
i CATEGORY LABEL COOE FREO
I
J
NO. PLANTS USING A 31*
;. . . ..... 142
j TOTAL 460
((PCT)
44 ..3
5=5.7
ioo.o
TONER
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
69.1
30.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
MISSING
100.0
...
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
' (PCT)
-...
100.0
f*t !M
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
inn n
CUM .... ....
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0 •
100.0.
VALID CASES
318
MISSIMG CASES
142
318
-------
_r
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/?l/78
PYRAZOLOMF—RE-D
i ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COOE FREQ
i NO. PLANTS USING B 55
-. - — - - - . .-...- _ .. 4.QS-
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE.
FRFQ
(PCT)
12.0
100.0
ADJUSTED-
FREQ
• (PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
(PCT)
100.0
100 0
VALID CASES
55
MISSING CASES 405
V -RM32 ,._. MISC RED WITH ZINCtCR, OR PB
CATEGORY LAREL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
49
RELATIVE ADJUSTED- CUM...
ABSOLUTE FREQ • FREQ ' FRFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
49
TOTAL
460
10.7 100.0 100.0
. 89.3 . MISSING..-.. 100.0.
100.0 100.0
MISSING CASES 4ii
YFLLOW WITH ANITTMONY OP CHPQMIIJM
CATEGORY LABEL
i VALID CASES
I .... _
41
-.-RELATIVE- ADJUSTED- CUM-
ABSOLUTE FRFQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREQ '(PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
USING
D
'
TOTAL
41
419
460
8.9
91.1
100. 0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0
MISSING CASES 419
319
-------
03/21/7H
FILE -
- CREATED OV21/78
CATEGORY LABEL COQE
NO. PLANTS USING E
TOTAL
VALID CASES 18, MISSING
v, DM^C; MJSP VFLLQV/ WITH MICKFL
i
i" '" - '
; CATEGORY LABEL COOE
I
NO. PLANTS USING F
I
i
j TOTAL
! VALID CASES 3 wlssiWG
i
t
i
i
C RM3.6 MISC CHROMIUM SLUFv
jt
8_ f
*
CATEGORY LABEL COnE
i NO, PLANTS USING G
i TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREO (PCT)
18 3.9
......442... . 96.1_._.
460
CASES 442
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
3
&=;?
460
CASES 457
ABSOLUTE
FREO
2
.. 458
460
100.0
ADJUSTED
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING—
100.0
RELATIVE — ADJUSTED -
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
0,7
QQ.3
100.0
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100.0
100.0
-MISS-LbJG
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
}nn.n
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 . ._. _
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 458
320
-------
—SM3-7—
FILE - INK-
JAISC.~CADMJJJM.. BLUES
- CREATED 03/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
RELATIVE. ADJUSTED. CUM-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
H ;?
TOTAL 460
0,4
QQ.A
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 0 0 • 0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 458
1
V-..RM38.. . .. MISC COPPER BLACK
:i •
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
•-.-•-.. RELATIVE ADJUSTED . CIJM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
VALID CASES
TOTAL
460
0.9
100.0
100.0 100.0
MISSING ]
100.0
MISSING CASES 456
L
1
L.
MTcr
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE-—ADJUSTED - .GUM-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
._TOTiL.-
460
-46.Q-.
100.0
_LO 0 ...Q
MISSING loo.o
-VALID. CASES ...0..
.MiSSlAlG -CASES 46A.
321
-------
03/21/7*
FILE - INK
- CREATED D3/21/7R
RM4Q
MISC ANTIMONY LEAD OR ZINC YELLOW
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
wrr i.
CODE
K
. — ..
OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
41
.....417.
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT?
9.3
90.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING ..
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(Pr.T)
100.0
100.0
•VALID CASES
43
MISSING CASES 417
57M
flNTTMQNY WHITE ^OUFO'J*
CATEGORY LABEL
NO.'PLANTS USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED GUM-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
460
0.2 100.0 100.0
__99 .3 M.I SSIN6 1 0 0 »0-
100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 459
. RM4a__
DICHLOROBENZIDENE RED AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO, PLANTS USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
M
TOTAL
28
432
460
6.1
93.9
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
28
MISSING CASES 432
322
-------
03/21/70
FILE - INK
- CREATED -03/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ F~REQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
JSING . N
• TOTAL
90
^70
460
19.6
80.4
100.0
100.0
MT SM4S-
nff
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING '
VALID CASES
88
.RELATIVE ADJUSTED .. CUM._
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREO (P.CT) - (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
2
458
460
0.4 . 100.0' I'OO.O
99.6 MISSING .. 100.0.
100.0 100.0
MTSSIMG CASES 458
AO
.,^__-—.--. ,.,.._ .,;.__•.£. EL A TIVE -ADJUSTED- CUM...
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
- COOE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
..--.-. ...-•_^_._ 372 .1.
T.OTaL 460
19.1 100.0 ,100.0
SO.9 — MISSING- - 100.0
10-0..0 100.0
MISSING CASES 372
323
-------
03/21/7S
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
RM46
NICKEL OR CADMIUM YEl LOW AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE ' FREO FRED
CODE FREO (PCT) __RiU
ORANGE LEAD ftQ-
i
I CATEGORY LABEL
I _«__ ,IT- '
* NO."PLANTS-USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM-
-ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ - FR*EQ
COriE' FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
61 13,. 3 100.0 • 100.0
__3.93. 86,. 2 MISSING—1 00 ..0.
460 " 100.0 lOOoO :'
VALID CASES
61
MISSING CASES 399
I
V ,.RM48... ._ . DICLOROBENZIDENE.ORAMGE AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
VALID CASES
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM .
ABSOLUTE -FREQ FREO FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) l-PCT)
TOT4L
3
457
mmm^^m
460
MISSING CASES
0.7
99.3
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0
324
-------
03/31/78
•.—RMA.9
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
N.. -AQ_
CATEGORY LABFL
NO. PLANTS USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFO
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
7fl '7-0
-382 S3»0-
460 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 38?
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0 , 100.0
-MISSING-— 100.0
100.0
.-: RM50... „_„ CHROMIUM GREEN AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ FREQ •
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
8
TOTAL
.458
460
^.4 100.0 100.0
,p9.6 MISSING. ..-.loo.o.
100.0 100.0
MISSING CASES 458
>
no
1.. :
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING" ~
I .
| • VALID CASES
ABSOLUTE
COPE FREO
__ ..__ _..__
.— .-•-:.;.. -.-••- 369 .,
TOTAL 460
FREQ
(PCT)
— 80.£
1 0 0 . ff.
'ADJUSTED ".CUM
FREQ FRF.Q
(PCT) (-PCT)
•100.0
MISSING
" 100.0
100.0
91.
MISSING'-CASES 369
325
-------
03/21/78
R.M5H
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
SILVER BLUE AO
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
1
459
460
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
VALID CASES
TOTaL
MISSING CASES 459
FREO
(PCT)
0.2
99.8
ioo.o
FREQ
(PCT)
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING loo.O-
100.0
S -RM54_. ._. READ LEAD NOW AO
CATEGORY LAP.EL
NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
F
,~ * "
•OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
T
4=7
*T-3 /.
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
(
n.7
go .3
7 ~ • -J
ioo.o
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM — _-
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
1 n 0 . 0
VALID CASES
MI.SSING CASES 457
-RMS3-
J3L U E -.SI-L^gS—tj
CATEGORY LABEL
\
, -RELATIVE. .ADJUSTED- CUM...
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ FPFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
.VALIO CASES
460 100.0
TOTAl 460, aOO.O
_0 MLSS1NG .CASES— 460..
MISSING
100..0.
100.0
326
-------
- CREATED 03/21/78
I CATEGORY LABEL
j NO. PLANTS USING
-- RELATIVE -ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FPEQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOT«L
0.4 100.0 100.0.
—9-9 . 6. _M ISS ING 100.0-
100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 45a
V—RM56....... _ LEAD OR CHROMIUM YELLOW NON AO
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLAMTS USING
VALID CASES
90
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ FRFQ
COHE FREn (PCT)
-------
03/21/73
FILE - INK
-'CREATEO 03/21/78
LEAD OR CHROME ORANGE NON AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FRFQ . FREQ FRFQ
coriE FREQ
J 84 18.3 100.0 100.0
..376 81.7 MISSING ..100.0
TOTAL \ 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
84
HISSING CASES 376
I OMC;Q
MOM.-AQ-
RELATIVE-—AD JUSTE-D -CUM--..
, ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
f CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ ^ (PCT)
-------
03/21/7R FILE - INK ' • - CREATED 03/21/78
—-RM61 _.„ COPPER -.OR ..CYANIOE-.-GRFEN NON AQ
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
•RELATIVE ADJUSTED- CUM..
ABSOLUTE FRFQ FRFQ FRFQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
,M ' '
31.3 100.0 100.0
—-. ,'.^.L.,_::_316 __.. 6fl.z: .MISSING——100.0.---
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 316
V-...J?M6'2'.._ ... COPPER OR CYAJMIQE BLUE MON AQ
CATEGORY LAPEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
166
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRF.Q " FRFQ
CORE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
TOTdL .
166
294
460
36.1
63.9
lon.o
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0-
CASES 294
> RM63-
i'
VF.P BLJJ£-
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS
-HOW—A.O.
VALID CASES
-^.— ,.._. ..:.:_.. RELATIVE ...ADJUSTED—-^. CUM....
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FPEQ
CODE FRFQ (PCT) • (PCT) (P.r.T)
8 • 1 0.2 100.0 100.0
—-.---.- .•:-., . .459 -99.3. MISSING—..'100.0..
100.0 100.0
TOTAL
460
MTSSTNG CASES 459
329
-------
03/21/75?
FILE - INK
- CREATED 01/21/78
RM64
LEAD DRIERS
:
i
/*""""
i
* **
i
•
\
i
aR'SOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING A 140
T?0
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 140 MISSING CASES 320
RM6S ZTk'f PRj^pc
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL , CODE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING ' B '60
4-O.fl
TOT4L 46H
VALID CASES 60 MISSING CASES 40<
RMoo M15U UKlcKa
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LA8.EL CODE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING C 37 .
423
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
30.4
69.6
100.0
-RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
13.0
R7,P-
100.0
)
. -
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
8.0
92.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FRF.Q
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
/
ADJUS-TED -
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING.
iOO.O
••
ADJUSTED.
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM ....
FRFQ .;.
• (PCT)
100.0
1 0 n * n
' \
i
.. CUM
FRFQ
' (PCT) :
100.0
ion0n
t
CUM.
F"FQ
(RCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
37
MISSING CASES 423.
330
-------
03/21/73
S.-—RM67L.
F-ILE - INK
XPH.THENAI£_DR.IF.RS-
- CREATED 03/21/78
: RELATIVE . ADJUSTED ' CUM
i . ' • ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREO
I CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
|. NO. PLANTS USING o 173 37.6 ~~ 100.0 loo-.o
| .-.: - : - : ... _:__'_2a.7 -6.2.4 MISSING ...loo.o.
j . TOTAL 460 ioo.o loo.o
! ; ; . • _ - _ ._ ; : . ;
i , '' •
'• VALID CASES 173 MISSING CASES 287
V ..RM68 / ZINC SOAPS ; -..---..
i ' '.": ^ - RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM..
: ABSOLUTE FREQ FREO FREQ
i /CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ ' (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
: NO. PLANTS USING , E 2V 5.2 100.0 10.0.b
...436 .. 94.8 MISSING.... 100.0.
loo.o 10,0.0
VALID CASES 24. MISSIMG "CASES 436 , .
; • .
1 . , . - -
i " ' ' • •
> RM69 LEA.D.. 50 ASS——- '.
-.--.-.. ..—-. • --.-,, RELATIVE-' ADJUSTED. CUM
; • ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL CpOE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PcT)
460 loo.o MISSING 100.0
- -- •.:•"..--TOT.AL - - 460 . 100...0 /._. -100.0
—VALID CASES
,- 0 ,-MISS.lAlG-CASES , 460_.
331
-------
03/21/7R
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/?l/78
RM70
01 N BUTYL °HTHALATF PLASTTCI7E&S
; CATEGORY LAPEL
• NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
129
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
12-9
331
460
28.0
72.0
lon.o
MISSING CASES 331
100.0
HISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
>__RM:
: ., - .... .._ RELATIVE— ADJUSTED---.,. CUM...
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
! CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLA.NTS USING , H "7.7.26.." "sTf- lOoV'6 foo".~0~
• .,-.._ _ 434 94_3..-.__.MISSING 100.0. .
| TOT&L 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES 26 MISSIMG CASES 434
> -RM72, OIETHYL PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS ._
: ' ' RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
^ CATEGORY LABEL coo'E ^F^^ ^?, "«, ^?,
; NO. PLANTS USlKlG . j . 34 7.4 100.0 100>0
; " '"' — ; 426 92.6 MISSING 100.0
TOTaL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
34
MISSING CASES
332
-------
FILE.- INK
- CREATED 03/21/7B
,—RM.Z3-
01 2 . FJIHYL.-H&XYL. ..PH.TfcULA.Xg—glaAS
_ ..'. .. •_.'.'.-... .RELATIVE.. . ADJUSTED CUM. -
. ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL x .cone. FREO (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING. J 124 27.0 100.0 100.0
. .._-.: >-.., :_- 336 73...0 MIS-SXNG 100.0—_
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
'. VALID CASES 124 MISSING CASES 336
•v.. . RM.74.....>. PARAPLEX
. RELATIVE ADJUSTED* CUM...-
. i ABSOLUTE FRF.Q FREO FREQ
i CATEGORY LABEL ' CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
/• •
< NO. PLANTS USING K 6n r'3.o 100.0 100.0 .
; ,...,.. . .. ._. 4,03 -..87,0 MISSING...—100.0—
I TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
I . • . -, _ • _
VALID CASES 60 MISSIMG CASES 400
•• - _ _ _ x _.
~ "'" "• " ' '• ' ~" " •"" " ; ' ,-•-. .. —=• -•• -
i
V PM?g Q'.'T^L HFM7YL PHTHftLATE PL/*STTCIZE° '
i . . . .- .
_„- :— . . :. - —RELATIVE .--ADJUSTED-- ' CUM—
ABSOLUTE FREO' FRFQ FRF.Q
| CATEGORY LABEL cone , FREQ (PCTJ CPCT) .. _ 445 96.X MISSING 100.0.-
TOTAL' 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
15
MISSING CASES 445
333
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
T- CREATED 03/21/78
RM76
LEAD STABILIZERS
CATEGORY LABEL
t
NO. PLANTS USING
i
VALID CASES
j
S RM7.Z- Z-T-MC— OR.
t
i
i
j,.
,
j CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
\
I
VALID CASES
i
i
I
s, RM7S. _,„_ .LEAD OR
! CATEGORY LABEL
1
s NO. PLANTS USING
; - -
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
M 1
. - - , 459
TOTAL 460
RFLATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
99.8
~ loo.o
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING.
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0.-
1 MISSING CASES 459
CADMIUM STARTLIZF0*
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
N 3
457_
TOTAL 460
PPI ATTVF
FREO
(PCT)
0.7
99. 3
100.0
i
i
J
t
n
t
!
1
.ADJUSTED CUM_ ..!
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT) • n
100.0
-MISSLNG
100.0
100.0
inn n
..I
' |.
i
i
J'
3 MISSING CASES 457
PHENOL STABILIZER
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
A 23
.437
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
'(PCT)
5.0
95.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
1
; !
--
VALID CASES
23
MISSING,CASES 437
334
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CPE&TED 03/21/7S
, HH79-
P-HENQ4 WETXIMG AGEM.TS-
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ ' FREQ , - FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
! NO. PLANTS USING : e * 1.7 100.0 100.0
i. :.. , .:_., ' !._ ._.___A52 -98«3 MISSING—. 100..Q ..
| TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES - R MISSING CASES 452
i '
v RMSQ.--. - MISC WETTING AGENTS -
RELATIVE ADJUSTED " CUM"..
. ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
! CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT) -- . , __...,.__.._..._:.,. .-.RELATIVE...ADJUSTED CUM..
i ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL , ; COHE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING \ o '? - o".'*.'"' Voo.o" 106.o~~
' —' —• :,.-:.... 45S _.- 99..6 -—MISSING .. 1 00 . 0
TOTAL 461) 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES 2 MISSING CASES
335
-------
03/2i/7ft
03/21/78
RM82
=>HENOL AMTI SKIM AGEMTS
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
'. NO. PLANTS USING E
TOTAL
VALID CASES 65 MISSING
^ DMRT M£DrtipY PRESERVATIVES
j CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING,. F
t
i , , TOTAL
VALID CASES 2 MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
6s? 14.1
- 395 8S.9
460 100.0
CASES 395
RFLATTVF
ABSOLUTE FRF.Q
FREO (PCT)
2 0.4
- • • . .
460 100.0
CASES 458
ADJUSTED ClI*
FREO FRFO
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0 !
MISSING 100.0 n
ioo«o ;
it •
AH fl I
-------
01/21/7S ,
' FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
P.CP .
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ FRFQ
FREQ (PCT)' (PCT) (PCT)
H
TOTaL
8
460
1.7 100.0 100,0
_SS.,3.. -MISSING 100.-0.-
100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES
452
RM86
. .ZINC PRESERVATIVES
CATEGORY LABEL
cone-
.TOTAL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
-FREQ
460
.460
,(PCT>
100.0
100.0
(PCT)
MISSING
100.0
CUM._
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
VALID CASES
M-ISSIMG CASES . 460...
PMH7
flTHFP
CATEGORY LARFL
—n- -- -.-RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREQ
-------
OU/21/73
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
RMQS
MAPHTHA BASED RFSTNS
CATEGORY LABEL
ABSOLUTE
cone FREP
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
FREO FREQ . FRrQ
(PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING A 36 7.8
424 92.2
• TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 36 , MISSING CASES 424
i . ' - -
\ OMRQ TnLnFME OP -'^THYLPFM^FME SOLURL
« !
i
t "ELAT-I^F
i ' ABSOLUTE FREQ
I CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREQ (PCT)
i NO. PLANTS USING B 83 18.0-
t 377 a?, n
I TOTAL 460 100. .0
1 VALID CASES 83 MISSING CASES 377
*
|
•
V RM90-. TOLUENE, OR ETHYLBENZENE SOLUBLE RESINS
', RELATIVE
j — • • - ABSOLUTE FREO
i CATEGORY LABEL COriE FREO (PCT)
i NO, PLANTS USING c 62 13.5,
398 86.5
1 TOTAL 460 100.0
i
i
100.0 100.0 i
MISSING 100.0 -,
100.0 '
i
/ . i
i
ADJUSTED--. CUM :
FRFQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT) j
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM .
FREQ FRfQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
' MISSING 100.0 -.-
100.0'
VALID CASES
62
MISSING CASES 398
338
-------
03/21/7R
FILF - INK-
- CREATED 03/31/78
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
„ RELATIVE - ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FPEQ FREQ FRFQ
FREO (PCT) (PCT)
-------
03/21/7H
FILE - INK
- CREATF.O 03/?l/78
RM94
TOLUFME OR -MAPHTHA SOLUBLE POLYESTER
CATEGORY LAPEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
41
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ " FRFQ
COOE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
41 8.9
419 91.1
«• *«•««••* ••••«,•••••
. 460 100.0
CASES 419
100.0 100.0
MISSING ,. 100.0
100.0
_- RELATIVE--ADJUSTED.-. CUM.—
•ABSOLUTE FREQ F.RFQ FRFQ
COOE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
CATEGORY 'LABEL
NO. PLANTV'usiNG' ""'"""^"""""""H^ ~39 "~~.B.5 100.0 100.0.
_ ;_ 42]' .. _^ 91.5 MISSING. 100.0
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES 39 MISSIMG CASES 421
, RM96 . TOLUENE SOLUBLE.POLYAMIDE RESTNS —-•
RFLATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ARSCLUTE FREO FREQ F^FQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT
NO. PLANTS USING i 49 10.7 100.0 100.0
411 89.3 ' MISSINT, 100,0
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
49
MISSING CASES 411
340
-------
03/21/7K
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
J3W.97 .. T-OLUENE.-SnLUSL-E-UREA-RES.I-HS—
CATEGORY LAREL
NO. PLANTS USING'
VALID CASES
. ---RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM.
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
COriE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
29 6.3
_4ai. ; -S3 .7
461 100.0
100.0 100.0
MISSING- 100.0.--.
100.0
29
MISSIMG CASES 431
S -RM98 ....... NAPHTHA SOLUBLE
MELAMINE RESINS
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ FREO
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
.-.-,- .....417
TOTAL 460
9.3
90.7
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100..CL
VALID CASES
43
MISSING CASES 417
I,
..VTM.Y1—rm
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
-:_.... .,._.....__,. ,__ .-RELATIVE - ADJUSTED- . CUM...
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRFQ
COOE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
91
,369.
• *» *»••<•
460
19.8 100.0 100.0
...80.2 -..MISSING .. 100.0
100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
91
CASES 169
341
-------
03/21/7P FILE - TN* - CREATED 03/21/78
RM100 VIMYL CHLORIDE DERIVED
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
11
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE
A
TOTAL
CUM
FREQ
(PCT3
FREO (PCT) (PCT)
if 2.4 100..0 _ 100.0
449 .. 97.6 - MISSING_.. -100.0-
460 100.0 ,100.,0
MISSING CASES 449
OP
CATEGORY LABEL
SnL'-'ql-E PV ALCOHOL
RELATIVE— ADJUSTED CUM_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREO
COOE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING
B 2?
43S.
TOTAL" 460
4.R 100.0 100.0
_9.5 . 2 MISSI-NG 10 0 . 0_
100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
22
MISSING CASES 438
l,_RM102_ _- VINYL CHLORIDE VlNYLIDENE CHLORIDE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
TOTAL
9
451
460
MISSIMG CASES
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FPEQ FREQ
COliE 'FREO (PCT) (PCT)
2.0 1,00.0 100.0
98.0 MISSING 100.0,
100.0 100.0
342
-------
03/21/79
FILE - INK
- CREATED 0.1/21/78
.RM 1 03.
CATEGORY LAPEL
NO. PLANTS USING
— . RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
o
TOT4L
90 19.6
37.n _. _80..4....
460 100.0
100.0
-MISSING-
100.0
CUM .
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 -
VALID CASES
90
MISSING CASES 370
RR104 ..-..TOLUENE 'SOLUBLE
-ACRYLIC SOLUTIONS
LABFU .
NO. PLANTS USING
conE
E
TOTAL
-V' -
FREQ
78
—382
460
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
17.0
83.0
^^ •»*•«• *
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
VALID CASES
78
MISSING CASES 382
CUM
FR'FQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
>—BM4-OS T.niJtFME SOLUS|=g-au8agj?.S-
WTEBOW UIBEU
NO. PLANTS USING ."
COHE
F
TOTAL
- .--.RELATIVE ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
.381 .....
460
-—82.8
100.0
VALID CASES
79
CASES 38*1
100.0
MISSING
100.0
• CUM_-
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
343
-------
03/21/78
FILE: -
- CREATED 03/P1/78
RM106
PHENOLIC RESIMS
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ F«FQ
CODE FREO (-PC TV (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES 157
.5
t
• CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
t
t
VALID CASES 53
(
V _RM105 ETHYLBENZENE
j CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
G 157 34.1
303 65.9
TOTAL 460 100.0
MISSING CASES 303
RFLAT.IVf-
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
CODE FREO (PCT)
H 53 11.5
TOTAL 460 100.0
MISSING CASES 407
OR . . _ , PHENOL SOLUBLE OLc.
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREO
COOE FREO (PCT)
'I 96 .20.9
..364 79.1
TOTAL 460 100.0
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0 -
100.0
.ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)'
100.0 100.0
-MISSING lQit<>
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0 -
100,0
• -
'r '.
- ' T
1
"1
' !
|
J
'
VALID CASES
96
MISSING CASES 364
344
-------
01/21/73
FILE - TN*
- CREATED 03/21/78
]. ,_J?M109
! CATEGORY LABEL
; NO. PLANTS USING
i
• - RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
7<5
-3as.
460
16.3 lOOoO 100.0
-.33. 7 ..-.-MISSING 100.0-
lon.o 100.0
VALID CASES
75
CASES 385
S - RM11Q . TOLUENE SOLUBLE-MALETC SOLUTIONS
-;— CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
44-
COnF
K
TOTAL
- • RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ
FREO
.--4L6
460
(PCT)
CUM .
FREQ
(PCT)
(PCT)
9.6 100.0 100.0
90.4 . . MISSING -....1.00,0..
100.0 100.0
MISSING CASES 416
>—BM4-U,
TDl IIFMF
RE5TMS-
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS usIMG
^..!-:_._:.,_,_:•__-_ ...RELATIVE...-ADJUSTED. CUM,..
. ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) -(PCT)
-------
03/21/7*
FILE - IN*
- CREATED 03/21/78
RM11? MISC PtblNb
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING M 62 13.5
398 86.5
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 6? MISSING CASES 398
V, HMl.l-J MbMltlMt
RP1 ATTVF .
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGOR-Y—frffBEl. CODE FREQ (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING . ... A 6 1.3
454 9fi 7
' TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 6 MISSING CASES 454
V. RMilA BENZENE TOLUENE MIXTURES
: . RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREO
'; CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREO _ (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING s 3 0.7
457 ' 99.3
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 3 MISSING CASES 457
ADJUSTED CUM
FREO FREO
(PCT) (PCT)
100..0 100.0 i
MISSING 100.0
1 100.0
« s-
3
1
-ADJUSTED ..-CUM 1
FREQ FRP-Q
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
! , •' - '. 1
MISSING- 100. a
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM ...
FREO FRc-Q
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
too.o
346
-------
03'/21/7R
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
V—BM-ILS,—
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING c
TOTaL
.
VALID CASES - 160 MI^SlMG
ABSOLUTE
FREO
16(1
30 n
460
CASES " 300
y
^ - RM116 ..,.. TOLUENE ETHYLBENZFNE MIXTURES
-
• ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE 'FREO
NO. PLANTS USING D
L •
TOTAL
4
456
460
FPEQ
(PCT>
34.8
6^.2
100.0
RELATIVE
FPEQ
tPCT)
0'.9
99.1
100..0
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISST-NG,.-
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREO
(PCT)
,100.0
MISSING
100.0
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0 ,
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
1,00.0'. .
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES
\
456
THY
CATEGORY LABEL |
NO. SLANTS USING
. , '. RELATIVE- ADJUSTED CUM..
ABSOLUTE FREQ ; FREQ , FREQ-
COOE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
TOTAL
29 6.3 100.0
.431- — . 93.7 ..... MISSING
460 100.0 100.0
100.0
100,.0
VALID CASES
29
MISSING CASES ' 431
347
-------
03/21/7*
FILE - IN*
- CREATFO 03/21/7(3
RM11S
ISOPHORONE
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COOE FREQ
NO. PLANTS USING . F 30
.. , .430
TOTAL 46n
VALID CASES 30 MISSING CASES 430
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
NO. PLANTS USING G i
•
TOTAL 460
.VALID CASES 1 MISSING CASES 4=59
•.—RM12.0 JCHLOROBENZENE .*
CATEGORY LAPEL COOE ^F^EQ^
460
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FRFQ
(PCT)
6.5
93. 5
100.0
..._..
RELATIVE-
FREQ
(P.CT)
0.2
39.8
100.0
.
RELATIVE
FPFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
- - -
- . AD JUSTFOT
FREQ
(PCT)
1 00 . 0_.
MISSING-
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100..0 -,
J
—
.." I
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
-.10.0.. 0
, i
; - '•
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100,0
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES
348
-------
03/21/78 ,
>—am 21—
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
- AHSOLUTE FREO FREQ-
COOE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
CUM
FRFQ
-•-.-.. : 4fio ion.o MISSING 100.0
----- - ----- ,- . -.,.. TOTAL . ..-46Q ____ 100.0 ..... ........ 100. Q....
..—VALID CASES _____ , ... .0_ ..... . MISSING -.CASES ______ 4.6fl _ _ ....... _______________ ; .....
y. -RM122-- - 1-2-OICHLOROETHANF. , , ___
' RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
: ' „ - -" . ' ABSOLUTE FREO FRF.Q FRFQ
CATEGORY LABFL COOE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
: . '"" ^60 100.0 MISSING 100.0
< • ,• '---•-<. .TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0 .. ......
: v V41 Tn na«?F«; o
i '
1 . -
I , •
i - . ....
L PMi?3 _ 1 1 It 1
1 ________ ....... ________ . ...._...,,.,: _______ ... ,,-.,: ..... — RELATIVE. ADJUSTED CUM
\ '.-•-•• ABSOLUTE FREQ FREO FRFO
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING' K 41 8.9 100.0 100.0
________ .. ... ; ......... _ ,.41.9.. .:...-. 91.1... MISSING 100.0
• TOTAL 460 " 100.0 .100.0
VALID CASES
41
MISSING CASES
419
349
-------
03/21/78
FILE - IN*
- CREATED 03/P1/7S
RM124
I«lt2 TRICHLOROFTMANF
CATEGORY LABEL
NO'. PLANTS USING
COHE
TOTAL
BSOLUTE
FREO
1
. ..459
460
RFLATIVE
(PCT)
0.2
99. S
100.0 '
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0.
VALID CASES
MISSING CASES 459
' CATEGORY LABEL
RELATIVE—ADJUSTED— -CUM-
; ABSOLUTE FRFQ FRFQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
460
-VALID CASES ,.0 M1SS.1MG _CAS£S 46H_
loo.o MISSING 100.0
.1.0 0 .. 0 lU 0 ..0
350
-------
FILE -
- CREATED 03/21/78
.-RM126
CHLOROFORM
! CATEGORY LABEL
f
; NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES
cone
TOTflL
MISSING CASES 459
RSOLUTE
PREO
1
459
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
99.3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
-------
03/21/73
FILE - IN*
- CREATED 03/21/78
. RM.12<3
CATEGORY LABEL
t NO'. PLANTS USING
-.-•RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREO FREQ FRFQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PcTJ
, A 13 2.8 100.0 100.0
442 . 9.7.2— MISSING.- . 100,0.
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES
13
MISSING CASES 447
..RM130 THICHLOROETHYLENE
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
CODE
8 ,
•OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREO
3?
42B
460
RELATIVE
FREO
((PCT)
7.0
93.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING .
100.0
CUM
FRP-Q
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
32
MISSING CASES
ETHYLEME DICMLOpTnE
CATEGORY LAPEL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED. • CUM.
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRrQ
CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
—.VALID.,CASES .
100.0 MISSING 100.0
.T.D.TAL- 460 100.0. 100.0 .._
.0 HISSING-CASES 460 _. . .1
352
-------
RM132
FILE -
PFRCHLOROETHYLEME
- CRFATED 03/21/78
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
t ABSOLUTE FRFQ FREQ FRFQ
• CATEGORY LABEL COHE FREQ CPCT> 8-M.1.33———MAP-HTA : — : : :
| .... ;..,. .......' RELATIVE ADJUST-EC CUM
; . . ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FRF.P
j CATEGORY LABFL COOE • FREQ (PCT)
-------
-------
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Special
Fourth-Class
Rate
Book
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Washington DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use 5300
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