vvEF'A
           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
            Effluent Guidelines Division
            WH-552
            Washington DC 20460
EPA-440/1-79/090-b
December 1979
           Water and Waste Management
Development
Document for
Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and
Standards for the

Ink Formulating
Proposed
           Point Source Category

-------

-------
                                               A
           DEVELOPMENT ^DOCUMENT

          1.        for ;

PROPOSED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES,
  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, AND
          PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

                 for the

  INK FORMULATING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
            Douglas M. Costle
              Admin istrator
          1  Robert. B. Schaffer
  Director, Effluent Guidelines Division

          • '   John E. Riley
  Chief, Wood Products and Fibers Branch

             James R. Berlow
             Project Officer
              December, 1979
       Effluent Guidelines Division
   Office of Water and Waste Management
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
         Washington, D.C.  20460

-------

-------
                               ABSTRACT
This document presents the findings of an extensive study of  the  ink
manufacturing   industry   for  the  purpose  of  developing  effluent
limitations for ,existing point sources and  standards  of  performance
for  new  sources  and  pretreatment "standards  for  existing and new
sources to implement Sections 301, 304, 306 and 307 of the Clean Water
Act.  The study covers approximately 460 ink manufacturing  facilities
in SIC Group 2893.

Effluent  limitation  guidelines  are  set  forth  for  the  degree of
effluent pollutant reduction attainable through  application  of  best
available technology economically achievable which must be attained by
existing  point sources by July 1, 1984.  The standards of performance
for new sources (NSPS)  set forth  the  degree  of  effluent  pollutant
reduction  that  is  achievable  through"  the  application of the best
available  demonstrated  control  technology,   processes,   operating
methods,  or  other alternatives.  Pretreatment standards for existing
and new sources (PSES and PSNS)   set  forth  the  degree  of  effluent
pollutant  reduction  that  must  be  achieved in order to prevent the
discharge of pollutants that pass  through,  interfere  with,  or  are
otherwise incompatible with the operation of POTW.

The' proposed  regulations  for  BAT, NSPS, PSES and PSNS are based on
application of contract hauling to completely eliminate the  discharge
of pollutants from ink plants^                         •
  =w>         •    '                •                      %

Supportive  data,   rationale,,  and  methods  of  the proposed effluent
limitation guidelines and standards of performance  are  contained  in
this document.
                                 111

-------

-------
                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Section

 I

 II

 III
IV
V
VI
CONCULSIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS

INTRODUCTION     -'  -  '.                "   •
     Purpose and Authority
     "Summary of Methodology
    : Data and Information Gathering  Program
     General Description of the  Industry
          Number of Manufacturing  Sites and
             Employment
        ;  Ink Industry Sales
          Geographic Distribution  of Ink Plants
          Organization of Ink Plants
          Age.Distribution of Ink  Plants
          Batch Sizes and Available  Tankage
          Periods of Operation
          Production Characteristics
          Raw Materials

INDUSTRIAL SUBCATEGORIZATION
     Introduction
    : Rationale for Subcategorization
    ; Raw Materials and Products
     Production Methods          "  •
     Size and'Age of Production  Facilities
     Wastewater Constituents
     Tub Cleaning, Techniques

WATER USES AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATIONS
     Water Use
     Wastewater Sources
          Tub and; Equipment Cleaning
          Other Pollutant Sources
     Wastewater Volume
     Wastewater Characterization
    -Sampling Data
          Mass Loadings
          Resampling  .           *

SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
     Introduction
     Methodology
      - -Raw Materials Evaluation
          Raw Materials Survey
  1

  3

  5
  5
  7
  8
 10

 11
 14
 14
 18
 18
 18
 22
 22
 23

 31
 31
 31
 31
 31
 32
 32
 32

 35
 35
 35
 35
 41
 43
 46
 50
 63
66

 69
69
69
70
70

-------
VII
VIII
          Sampling Program                           73
          Plant Location                             73
          Plant Size                                 73
          Wastewater Treatment                       76
          Toxic Pollutants                           76
          Direct Dischargers                         76
          Selection of Sampling Sites                76
     Toxic Pollutants                                77
          Pesticides "and Metabolites                 77
          PCB'S                                      78
          Phenolic Compounds                         79
          Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants          79
               Halomethanes                          79
               Chlorinated Ethanes                  , 80
               Aromatic Solvents                     81
               Chloroaklyl Ethers            .        82
              . Dichioropropane and
                 Dichloropropene                     82
               Chlorinated Ethylenes                 82
               Miscellaneous Volatile Organics       83
          Semi-Volatile Organic Priority Pollutants  83
               Polynuclear Aromatics (PNA's)          83
               Chlorobenzenes                        84
               Phthalate Esters                      84
               Haloethers                            85
               Nitrbsamines                          86
               Nitro-Substituted Aromatics Other ,
                 than Phenols                        86
               Benzidine Compounds                   86
               Miscellaneous Semi-Volatile Organic
                 Toxic Pollutants                    86
          Inorganic; Toxic Pollutants                 87
          Conventional Pollutant Parameters          87•
          Nonconventional Pollutant Parameters       88

CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY                     89
     In-Plant Wastewater Control Strategies          89
          Wastewater Reduction                       89
          Wastewater Recycle                         90
          Wastewater Disposal                        92
     Wastewater Treatment                            92
          Preliminary Treatment Systems              94
          Physical-Chemical Treatment                94
          Other Wastewater Treatment Systems         97

COST, ENERGY, AND OTHER NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS     99
     Costs                                           99
          Historical Cost Information                99
          Cost Development                           99
                                  vz

-------
                   Physical-Chemcial Precipitation
                   Manual Physical-Chemical Treatment
                     System
                   Wastewater Disposal by Contract '
                     Hauling
              :     Wastewater Reduction System
              Nonwater Quality Aspects
                   Energy
                   Sludge Quantity and Characteristics
                   Solvent-Wash Subcategory
                                                    T02

                                                    105

                                                    105
                                                    105
                                                    112
                                                    112
                                                    112
                                                    112
IX
XI
EFFLUENT'REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION
  OF THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY
  ACHIEVABLE EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES       115
    : Introduction                                  115
     Identification of BAT Technology              116
          .Technology Options Available             116
          Rationale Used to Develop BAT Effluent
             Guidelines                            117
          Size, Age, Production Methods, Raw
             Materials and Products, Tub Cleaning
             Techniques                            117
          Engineering Aspects of Best Available
    ;         Technology Economically Achievable    118
          Nonwater Quality Environmental Impact    118
        -Total Cost of Application in Relation to
            Effluent Reduction Benefits     .  -     118
     BAT Effluent Guidelines                       119
     Regulated Pollutants                          119

NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS                   121
     Introduction                                '121
     ^Identification of New Source Performance
       Standards          '                         121
    ]      Rationale Used to Develop NSPS Effluent
            Limitations                            121
          Size, Production Methods, Raw Materials
             and'Products, Tub Cleaning Techngiues 121
          Engineering Aspects of New Source
             Performance Standards                 121
          Nonwater Quality Environmental Impacts   122
          Total Cost of Application in Relation
            to Effluent Reduction Benefits         122
     NSPS Effluent Limitations                     122
     Regulated Pollutants                          122

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES        123
     Introduction                                  123
                                 vii

-------
XII
XIII

XIV

XV
      Identification of Pretreatment Standards
           Rationale Used to Develop Pretreatment
            Standards for Existing Sources
           Size,  Age, Production Methods,  Raw
              Materials, and Products, Tub Cleaning
              Techniques
           Engineering Aspects of Pretreatment for
              Existing Sources
           Nonwater Quality Environmental  Impacts
           Total  Cost of Application in Relation to
              Effluent Reduction Benefits
     Pretreatment Standards For Existing Sources
     Regulated Pollutants

 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
     Introduction
     Identification of New Source Pretreatment
       Standards
          Rationale Used to Develop PSNS Effluent
            Limitations
          Size, Production Methods, Raw Materials
            and Products, Tub Cleaning Techniques
          Engineering Aspects of New Source
             Performance Standards
          Nonwater Quality Environmental Impacts
          Total Cost of Application in Relation
             to Effluent Reduction Benefits
      Pretreatment Standards For New Sources
      Regulated Pollutants

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                               -

REFERENCES

GLOSSARY           .
         APPENDIX A
         APPENDIX B
         APPENDIX C
         APPENDIXP
                                                             124
                                                             124
125

125
125

126
126
126

129
129

129

129

129

129
130
;
130
130
130

131

133

137

149
165
         APPENDIX E
         APPENDIX F
         APPENDIX G
         APPENDIX H
         APPENDIX I
185
195
199
207
221
                                 Vlll

-------
                            LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
               Title
 III-l
 III-2
Number of Production Employees in Ink
  Plants (1976)

Ink Industry Profile - 1972 Census of
                                                              12
III-3
.111-4

III-5
in-$'

III-7
III-8
I II'- 9

I.II-10

III-ll

111-12


V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
Geographical Distribution of Ink Plants
Distribution of Ink Manufacturing Plants
by Stcite . - , -
Ink Industry Breakdown by Age '
Number of Ink Plants with Tubs of Various
Sizes •
Total Ink Industry Tankage
Production Breakdown of Ink Plants
• Production Breakdown of Ink Plants by
Vehicle
Comparison of Plants Specializing in Water-
Base and Sol vent/oil -Base Ink
Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Pigments
_ Used in Ink Plants
Slopes and Correlation Coefficients for Plots
of Percent Toxic Pollutants Usage Versus
Percent Solvent-Base Ink Production
Total Water Usage by the Ink Industry
Percent Water Usage in Ink Plants
Methods of Tub Cleaning Used by Ink Plants
Amount of Water Used to Clean an Ink Tub
Other Pollution Sources
i tj
16

17
19

20
21
24

25

,26
r -
27


29
36
37
38
42
44
                                 IX

-------
V-6

V-7



V-8

V-9



V-10



V-ll



V-12


V-13

V-14


V-15


V-16


V-17


V-18

V-19


VI-1


VI-2
Wastewater Generation by the Ink Industry

Volume of Wastewater Generated by Ink
  Plants Producing Only Water-Base, Oil-Base
  or Solvent-Base Ink

Wastewater Discharge by the Ink Industry

Volume of Wastewater Discharged by Ink
  Plants Producing Only Water-Base, oil-Base,
  or Solvent-Base Inks

Constitutuents of Ink Manufacturing Plant
   (SIC 2893) Wastes in East Bay Municipal
  Utilities District

Waste Characterization from an Ink Tub
  Washer that Recycles the Wash Water
   (10/15-18/1973)

Characterization of Ink Plants Participating
  in the 1977 Sampling Program

Characteristics of Ink Sampling Plants

Toxic Pollutants Found in  Sampling Plant
  Raw Materials

Untreated Wastewater Data  Summary (1977/78
   Sampling  Program)
                                                           45
48



49



51



52


53

54


55


56
 Treated  Wastewater Data Summary (1977/78 Sampling
 Program)
 Intake (Tap)  Water Data Summary (1977/78
   Sampling Program)

 Untreated Wastewater Mass Loading

 Results of Resampling at Two Ink Plants
   (One Year Interval)

 Occurrance of Toxic Pollutants in Ink
   Raw Materials

 Toxic Pollutants Found in Raw Materials
   Used by the ink Industry
 58


 60

 64


 67


 71


 74
                                x

-------
   VI- 3



  VI I-1



  "VII-2

  VII-3




 VIII-1



 VIII-2



 VIII-3

      i

 VIII-4



 VIII-5
Distribution,of Ink Plants in Major Metro-
  politan Areas                                '  75
                 /
Frequency of Tank Cleaning and Reuse of Ink
  Wastewater                       . •             91

Wastewater Disposal Methods              ,        93

Untreated and Treated Wastewater Concen-
  trations and Percent Removals from Ink
  Plant 22                         ,              95

Cost of Sludge or Wastewater Removal
  by Contract Hauler                           100

Physical-Chemical Treatment System
  Design Data                                    103

Physical-Cheiriical Pretreatment Systems
  Capital Costs                                  104

Physical-Chemical Pretreatment Systems
  Operating Costs                                106

Manually Operated Physical-Chemical Pre-
  treatment Systems Capital Costs                107
VIII-6
VIII-7
VHI-f
VIII-9
Manually Operated Physical-Chemical Pre-
  treatment Systems Operating Costa

Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling
  Capital Costs

Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling
  Operating Costs

Wastewater Reduction Through High Pressure
  Tank Rinsing Capital Costs
108


109


110


111
                                  XI

-------

-------
                        LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Mo.  ,                |  Title    ,

 III-l        Geographical Distribution of Ink Manufac-
                turing Sites

 VII-1  .      Flow Diagram for a Batch Physical-Chemical
                Treatment System   :
15
                                 xxn

-------

-------
                              SECTION I

                             CONCLUSIONS
For   the  purpose  of  establishing  wastewater  effluent  limitation
guidelines for existing sources and standards of performance  for  new
sources   the   ink  manufacturing  point  source  category  has  been
subcategorized as follows:                                            -

    1.    Solvent-wash
    2.    Caustic and/or water-wash

Tub cleaning techniques constitute the only valid technical basist for
subcategorization;  raw materials and production methods are not valid
bases for subcategorization except  as  they  influence  tub  cleaning
techniques.    Production   methods,   size,   age,   and   wastewater
constitutents of ink manufacturing facilities.were not found to  be  a
basis for subcategorization.

The  most significant pollutants and pollutant parameters appearing in
the industry  wastewater  in  terms  of  occurence  and  concentration
include:   the  nonconventional and conventional pollutants BOD5_, TSS,
pH, COD, and oil and grease; and the following toxic pollutants:
    Chromium(Total)
    Copper  (Total)
    Lead  (Total)
    Zinc  (Total)
    Isophorone  '
    Di-h-octyl Phthalate
    Trichloroethylene
    Ethylbenzene
'Methylene Chloride
 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 Pentachlorophenol
 Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
 Tetrachloroethylene
 Toluene
    discharges of these pollutants  will  cease  under  proposed  best
available   treatment   economically   -achievable   (BAT),  new  source
performance standards  (NSPS), and pretreatment standards for  new  and
existing sources  (PSNS amd PSES).                                .
                - "    " v            -
The   Agency   estimates  total  investment  costs  for  the- proposed
regulations (BAT,  NSPS,  PSNS,  PSES)  to  be   1.5  million  dollars.
Associated   annualized   costs    (including  interest,  depreciation,
operation, and maintenance) are estimated to be  3.0  million  dollars.
No  unemployment,  plant  closures,  or changes  in industry production
capacity are expected.
Generation of hazardous wastes subject to  the  Resource  Conservation
and Recovery Act  (RCRA) may be as high as  23,000 metric tons  per year.

-------
EPA  expects  no significant changes in terms of air emissions, noise,
or radiation.

-------
                              SECTION II

                           RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of this study, EPA  recommends  that  wastewater
effluent  limitations  attainable, through  the  application  of  best
available technology economically achievable  (BAT)   rest  on  contract
hauling  to,  "completely eliminate the discharge of pollutants from all
ink manufacturing facilities.

Similarly, EPA  recommends  that  standards  of  performance  for  new
sources (NSPS)  and pretreatment standards for new and existing sources
(PSNS  and PSES), eliminate pollutant-discharges from ink manufacturing
facilities.

-------

-------
                             SECTION III

                             INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY
                     ;          / '     '  '     •     "-       "
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 established
a  comprehensive;  program  to  v"restore  and  maintain  the  chemical,
physical,  and  biological. . integrity of the Nation's waters,"  Section
ioi (a) .   L5y  July  1,  1977,   existing  industrial  dischargers  were
required to achieve "effluent  limitations requiring the application of
the,  best  practicable  control technology currently available"  (BPT),
Section 301 (b) (1)  (A) ; and by July  .1,  1983,  these  dischargers  were
required to achieve "effluent  limitations requiring the application of
the. best available technology  economically achievable . . . which.will
result  in  reasonable  further  progress  toward the national  goal of
eliminating the 'discharge of ,all  pollutants" ~  (BAT) ,  Section  301 (b)
(2) (A). ,  New  industrial  direct  dischargers were required to comply
with Section 306 new source performance  standards  (NSPS) ,  based  on
best   available   demonstrated   technology; , and  new  and  existing
dischargers to publicly owned  treatment works (POTW) were  subject  to
pjretreatment  standards  under  Sections  307 (b)  and   (c) of the Act.
Wliile the requirements for direct dischargers were to be  incorporated
into  National  Pollutant Discharge Elimination System  (NPDES)  permits
issued tinder Section 402 of the Act, pretreatment standards were  made
enforceable   directly   against   dischargers   to   POTW    (indirect
dischargers) .                       ./    •

Although Section 402(a) (1) of  the 1972 Act authorized the  setting  of
requirements  for direct dischargers on a case-by-case basis. Congress
intended that, for the most part, control requirements would be  based
on  reaulations  promulgated   by  the  Administrator  of EPA.   Section
304(b)  of the Act required' the Administrator to promulgate regulations
providing guidelines for effluent limitations setting forth the degree
of effluent reduction attainable through the application  of  BPT  and
BAT.  ;   Moreover,    Sections   304 (c)  and  306  of  the  Act  required
promulgation of regulations for NSPS, and Sections 304 (f) , 307(b), and
307 (c)   required  promulgation   of   regulations   for   pretreatment
standards.   In  addition to these^regulations for designated industry
categories, Section 307 |[a) of  the Act required  the  Administrator  to
promulgate  effluent  standards applicable to all dischargers of toxic
pollutants.  Finally,  Section  301 (a)  of  the  Act  authorized   the
Administrator  to  prescribe   any additional regulations "necessary to
carry out his functions111 under the Act.

The EPA was unable to promulgate many  of  these' regulations  by  the
dates  contained  in  .the  Act.   In  1976,  EPA  was  sued by  several
environmental groups, arid in settlement of this lawsuit  EPA  and  the

-------
plaintiffs  executed  a  "Settlement Agreement," which was approved by
the Court.  This Agreement required  EPA  to  develop  a  program  and
adhere  to  a  schedule  for  promulgating for 21 major industries BAT
effluent  limitations  guidelines,  pretreatment  standards,  and  new
source  performance standards for 65, "priority" pollutants and classes
of pollutants.  See Natural Resources Defense Council^ Inc., y.  Train,
8 ERG 2120  (D.D.C. 1976), modified March 9, 1979.

On  December  27,  1977, the President signed into law the Clean Water
Act of 1977.  Although this law makes several important changes in the
federal water* pollution control program, its most significant  feature
is  its incorporation into the Act of several of the .basic elements of
the  Settlement  Agreement  program  for  toxic   pollution   control.
Sections  301 (b) (2) (A)  and  301 (b)   (2) (C) of the Act now require the
achievement  by  July  1,  1984,  of  effluent  limitations  requiring
application of BAT fpr "toxic" pollutants, including the  65 "priority"
pollutants  and  classes of pollutants which congress declared "toxic"
under Section 307 (a) of the Act.  Likewise,  EPA's  programs  for  new
source  performance standards and pretreatment standards  are now aimed
principally at toxic pollutant controls.  Moreover, to strengthen  the
toxics  control  program.  Congress  added  Section 304(e) to the Act,
authorizing the Administrator to prescribe "best management practices"
(BMP)  to prevent the release of toxic and  hazardous  pollutants  from
plant  site  runoff,  spillage ox: leaks, sludge or waste  disposal, and
drainage from raw material storage associated with, or  ancillary  to,
the manufacturing or treatment process.

In  keeping with its emphasis on toxic pollutants, the Clean Water Act
of 1977 also revised the  control  program  for  nontoxic pollutants.
Instead  of BAT for "conventional" pollutants identified  under Section
304 (a) (4)  (including  biochemical  oxygen  demand,  suspended  solids,
fecal  coliform,  and  pH) ,  the  new  Section  301 (b)  (2) (E)  requires
achievement by July 1, 1984, of "effluent  limitations  requiring  the
application  of  the  best  conventional pollutant control technology"
(BCT).  The factors  considered  in  assessing  BCT  for  an  industry
include  the  costs  of  attaining  a  reduction  in effluents and the
effluent reduction benefits derived compared to the costs and effluent
reduction benefits from the  discharge  of  publicly  owned  treatment
works   (Section   304 (b) (4) (B)).    For  nonconventional pollutants.
Sections  301 (b) (2) (A)  and   (b) (2) (F)  require  achievement  of   BAT
effluent  limitations  within three years after their establishment or
July 1,  1984, whichever is later, but not later than July 1, 1987.

The purpose of this report is to provide the  technical   data  support
for  any BAT, 3CT, or NSPS pretreatment standards for existing sources
(PSES),  and pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS),  which  EPA
may  choose to issue for the unregulated segments of the  ink industry,
under Sections 301, 304, 306, 307 and 501 of the Clean Water Act.

-------
ST3MMKRY OF METHODOLOGY                            .          ,      "
    ".     -                = ,                    r    '    /

This _ document summarizes data concerned with wastewater  generated  by
the  ink industry.  The initial task was to review previous EPA work on
the  industry; reports that provided background information included:

     "Development Dpcument for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and  New-
Source   Performance   Standards   for   the   Oil-Base   Solvent-Wash
Subcategories of the Paint and Ink Formulating Point Source  Category,
(1975) »
Prepared  by  the  EPA  National  Field Investigation Center in Denver
 (NFIC-D) ,, this document served as the basis  for  the  July  28,  1975
regulations   (40  CFR  447)  that set forth no discharge for BPT, BAT,
NSPS and New Source Pretreatment standards for the  Oil-Base  Solvent-
Wash  Subcategories.   The  information  in this document was based on
data provided by the East Bay Municipal Utilities District  (EBMUD)  of
Oakland, California about several ink plant wastewaters.

    "Draft Development Document for Effluent  Limitations  Guidelines,
Pretreatment Standards and New Source Performance Standards, Paint and
Ink Formulating Point Source Categories, (1976) "(2)

Referred  to .as  the  "1976  study,"  this unr el eased report provides
additional detailed information related to  wastewater  management  in
those segments of the ink industry not covered by the July, 28, 1975 no
discharge  regulations.    The  data presented in the 1976 report were
based on a program of sampling and analysis at several ink plants,  as
well  as  on  numerous  plant visits and evaluations,.  Analytical data
developed during this study were for conventional, nonconventional and
inorganic toxic pollutants.  Since this study  was  completed  shortly
after ; the  Settlement Agreement between EPA and several environmental
groups,  EPA decided to incorporate this data with the  required  toxic
pollutant study.

Review  of  these documents showed the need for additional information
to prof ile the ink industry, as  well  as /to  properly  guantify  the
impact of toxic pollutants as required by the Settlement Agreement.

Development of the needed information included the following tasks:

    Industry survey;
    Industry profile;
    Wastewater sampling program;
    industry subcategorization; ,
    Water use and wastewater characterization;
    Selection of pollutant parameters;
    Description of control and treatment technologies ;
    Cost data development.      .

-------
First,  EPA  studied the ink formulating industry to determine whether
differences in raw materials, final products, manufacturing processes.
equipment,  age  and  size  of   plants
water
usage.
         wastewater
constituents,  or  other  factors required the development of separate
effluent limitations and  standards  for  different  segments  of  the
industry.

Next,   EPA   identified   several   distinct  control  and  treatment
technologies, including both in-plant and end-of-process technologies,
which are in use, or capable of being used,  in  the  ink  formulating
industry.   The Agency compiled and analyzed historical data and newly
generated data on the effluent quality resulting from the  application
of   these  technologies.   The  long  term  performance,  operational
limitations, and reliability of each  of  the  treatment  and  control
technologies  were  also  identified.  In addition, EPA considered the
nonwater  quality  environmental  impacts   of   these   technologies,
including  impacts  on  air  quality,  solid  waste  generation, water
scarcity, and energy requirements.

The Agency then estimated the costs  of  each  control  and  treatment
technology  from  unit  cost  curves developed by standard engineering
analysis as applied to  ink  formulating  wastewater  characteristics.
EPA  derived  unit  process  costs  from  model  plant characteristics
(production and flow) applied to  each  treatment  process  unit  cost
curve.   These  unit  process  costs were added to yield total cost at
each treatment level.  After confirming  the  reasonableness  of  this
methodology  by comparing EPA cost estimates to treatment system costs
supplied by the industry, the Agency evaluated the economic impacts of
these costs.
                               !                       '
Upon consideration of these factors, as more  fully  described  below,
EPA  identified  various  control  and  treatment technologies as BAT,
PSES, PSNS, and NSPS.   The  proposed  regulations,  however,  do  not
require  the  installation of any particular technology.  Rather, they
require achievement of  effluent  limitations  representative  of  the
proper operation of these technologies or equivalent technologies.

The  ultimate  goal  of  this  work was to provide sufficient data for
rulemaking in the unregulated  segments  of  the  ink  industry.   The
remaining  sections  of this document discuss the results of each" task
in detail.

DATA AND INFORMATION GATHERING PROGRAM

EPA surveyed the ink formulating industry through the Data  Collection
Portfolio    (DCP).    This  consisted  of  a  questionnaire  and  some
explanatory  material  and  was  intended  to  gather  data  for   the
unregulated segments of the ink industry.

-------
The DCP form was divided into seven sections:

    -    General Information
    -    Plant Operations
    -    Production Characteristics
         Tank and Equipment Cleaning  (representing a major,
         wastewater source in many ink plants)
    -    Other Wastewater Sources
         Wastewater Handling and Disposal
    -    Raw Materials

This  final  format,  as  depicted  in  Appendix A, represents several
stages of development, including review by  members  of  the  National
Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers  (NAPIM) and EPA.

Rather  than  attempting  to  contact  a small but statistically valid
sample of the ink industry, it was determined that through the use  of
computerized   marketing   information   services  virtually  all  ink
manufacturing  sites  could  be  identified  for  receipt  of  a  Data
Collection  Portfolio   (DCP).   In order to do this, a copy of the Dun
and Bradstreet (D5B) "Dun's Market Identifiers"  computer  data  tapes
was  obtained.   On  these  tapes,  general  business  information  is
recorded according to Standard  Industrial  Classification  (SIC)  for
essentially  all  commercial establishments in the United States.  For
SIC 2893, Printing Ink, the D&B tapes utilized contain 567 entries.

The addresses of the 567 (SIC 2893) entries on the D&B tapes were used
to form a preliminary mailing list.  This list  was  reviewed  by  the
National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers (NAPIM) .  The NAPIM
comments suggested certain additions and deletions to the mailing list
yielding  va  final mailing list containing 598 entries.  Additionally,
representatives of  major  ink  manufacturing  firms  were  given  the
opportunity to review the mailing list.  Six large companies indicated
that,. the  list  did  not  adequately  represent  the  number of small
manufacturing sites and blending stations their  firms  operated.   To
resolve this, multiple blank portfolios were supplied to the corporate
headquarters of the six firms requesting additional questionnaires.

This  final  mailing  list was computerized and transferred to address
labels to facilitate distribution.  Each address was  given  a  unique
code  number  to  assure  that  each  response  would be appropriately
catalogued.

An additional complicating factor associated with the Ink Industry DCP
was how to handle those captive ink producers  that  manufactured  ink
within  a  printing  plant solely for use within that plant.  Although
strictly speaking these ink manufacturing operations  are  within  SIC
28,93,  ii^_ji«Eas _ dec±ded__ that^Jb wjan]_d_ba— ronat- A-FfMqjent to survey the
captive operations  in  conjunction  with  a  parallel  study  of  the

-------
Printing  Industry,  SIC   27, beigj? conducted by Environmental  Science
and Engineering inc.  consequently the  survey information gathered  tor
the ink industry profile does not reflect the   incremental  impact   of
captive ink production on  printing plant operations.

Pesponse to the survey varied.  -Of the  DCP's mailed out:

    460  Portfolio questionnaires were  returned and   encoded on  data
         tpaes                                               ,
     177
     11
Portfolios were marked "Not a Manufacturing Site"  indicating
that  the questionnaire,was received by a corporate, or other
site not involved in printing ink manufacture.
Portfolios were mailed
longer in business.
to  ink  manufacturers  who  were  no
    21   Portfolios were  duplicates mailed  to  operating ink production
         plants.

    23   Portfolios were  undeliverable  and  returned.
All  DCP  respondents  were   instructed   to   answer   survey  questions
pertaining  to  annual  production  or  employment on  the  basis of their
1S76  operations.   For   all   other questions   the   respondents  were
directed  to  provide  information  on  the basis  of current operations.
Consequently, the bulk of the^-SJorvev infarmation jased in the following
profile of the  industry i s-±>a?s-e4--e>H~-pJ-ant

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY

The variety of  inks used  today is broad,  ranging from ordinary writing
inks to specialized  magnetic  inks.   A   large   volume   of  inks  are
specially  produced for the printing industry and fall into four major
categories.  These four categories  are: letterpress  inks, lithographic
inks, flexographic inks,  and  gravure inks. (3)

Letterpress inks are viscous  tacky  pastes using  vehicles that are  oil
and  varnish-based.   They  generally  contain   resins  and dry by the
oxidation of the vehicle.

Lithographic or off-set inks  are viscous   inks   with  a   varnish-based
vehicle, similar to the letterpress varnishes.   The  pigment content is
higher  in  lithographic  inks than letterpress  ink  because the ink is
applied in thinner films.  These inks  are formulated  to  run  in  the
presence  of water since  water is used to create the nonimage areas of
the printing plate.
                                  10

-------
Flexographic inks are liquid inks which dry by evaporation, absorption
into the substrate, and decomposition.  There are two  main  types  of
flexographic  inks:   water  and  solvent.   Water  inks  are  used on
absorbent  paper . and  the  solvent  inks  are  used,  on  nonabsorbent
surfaces.  '                    .

Gravure  inks  are  liquid inks which dry by solvent evaporation.  The
inks have a variety of uses ranging from printing publications to food
package'printing.

Number of Manufacturing Sites: and Employment .    .  •

Total industry employment was, placed at  approximately  9,600  by  the
1972  Commerce Department Census of Manufacturers, 5,700 of which were
involved in production.  Based on  the  DCP  results,  the  number  of
employees  involved  in  production during 1976 averaged approximately
9,000.  Ink manufacturers produce many custom formulations,  and  tend
to be geographically dispersed as are their customers.  This and other
factors,  such, as relatively low capital investment, accounts for the
large number of small plants in the industry.   Forty-two  percent  of
the  plants responding to the survey have less than ten employees, and
71 percent have  under  20  employees.   Six  companies  (Borden,  Sun
Chemical,  Inmont  Flint  Ink,  Kohl  and  Madden,  and  Sinclair  and
Valentine Division of Wheelabrator Frye)  have 37 percent  of  all  ink
manufacturing  plants  and  13 companies account for 51 percent of all
plants.   A. breakdown of the number of plants falling into.size  ranges
according to the number of employees is presented in Table III-l.
                                                f
Table  III-2  summarizes  some  pertinent - ink  industry statistics as
outlined in the  1972  Census  of  Manufacturers.   According  to  the
census,   there  were , 407  ink  establishments  in 1972, up from 360 a
decade earlier.  Only 145 plants had over 20 employees.  It should  be
noted that the census did not poll single establishment companies with
less  that ten employees, which represent a significant portion of the
industry. •                                                '
                                 11

-------
                              TABLE III-1
         NUMBER OF PRODUCTION EMPLOYEES  IN INK PLANTS  (1976)
Number of
Employees
0-10
11-20
21 - 30
31 - 40
Hi - 50
51 - 60
61- 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
91 - 100
101 - 150
Over 150
No Data
Total
Number of Percent of
Plants Total
195
133
59
26
11
3
5
3
4
3 ]
9 ,'
4
2
46Q
42.4
28.9
12.8
5.7
3.0
0.7
1.1
0,7
0.9
0.7
2.0
0.9
0.4
100%
Source:  DCP
                                   12

-------
                                 TABI£ III-2

                             INK INDUSTRY PROFILE
                         1972 Census of Manufacturers
Number of
Emoloyees

1-4.
5-9
10 - 19,
20-49
50 - 99
100 - 249
Over 250
Total,
Number of
Plants

79
. ; si
102
104
'21
17
: 3
407
Percent of
Plants

19.4
19.9
25.1
25.6
. 5.2
4.2
0.7
100%
Value of
Shinments
($ millions)
16.0
34.7
79.2
149.5
76.5
113.8
38.6
508.3
Percent of '
All Shipments

3.1
6.8
15.6
29.4
15.. 1
22.4
7.6
' 100%
Source:  1972 Department of Commerce Census of Manufacturers
                                    13

-------
Ink Industry Sales             '  . "

In 1972 the Census of Manufacturers estimated the total ink production
to be over one billion pounds valued at $508  million.   The  products
manufactured  by the industry included letterpress inks (22 percent of
dollar sales),  lithographic  inks  (31  percent),  gravure  inks  (17
percent),  flexographic inks  (15 percent), and other printing inks (15
percent).  The single largest product of the ink industry is black ink
for newspapers, which  consists  of  finely  ground  carbon  black  in
mineral  oil.   This ink is generally sold in bulk at low prices, while
custom blended lightographic inks,  frequently  sold  in  batches  (or
kits)  as small as 2.2 kg  (five pounds), can cost ten times as much per
unit  weight.   For a discussion on the types and properties of various
printing inks, the Printing Ink  Handbook (4)   published  by  N&PIM  is
recommended.

Geographic Distribution of Ink Plants

The  overall  geographic  distribution  of  ink  plants is depicted in
Figure III-1 and on Table III-3.  Table III-4 shows  that  ink  plants
tend  to  be  near population centers, due to transportation costs and
the need to be near customers.  Five  states  (California,  Illionois,
New Jersey, New York and Ohio) contain 194 plants or 42 percent of the
460  plants  responding  to the survey.  Ten states have 65 percent of
all ink plants and 21 states have 89 percent of all plants.  Large ink
plants tend to be concentrated in a relatively few states.  Of the 130
ink plants with more than 20 employees, 52 percent are  in  just  four
states   (California,  Illinois,  New Jersey, and Ohio), and 96 percent
are in the 21  states listed on Table III-4.  California, Illinois  ,and
Ohio  have  significantly  higher proportions of large ink plants than
expected relative to their total number of plants, while New York  and
Florida have a lower number of such plants than proprotional.

Production volume by state for the majority of states was not itemized
by the Census Bureau because in many states one company accounts for a
large  percentage  of  production  value.   Production value by state,
based on DCP data is also not presented, but California, Illinois, New
Jersey, New  York,  and  Ohio,  account  for  over  half  of  the  ink
manufactured in the United States.
                                 14

-------
     CO
•—  — •
    ce
    s
    to

-------
                                          TABLE III-3




                             GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INK PLANTS




                                        Number of Plants

EPA Region
Region I
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Total
Region II
New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Total
Region III
Delaware
D.C.
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Virginia
West Virginia
Total
Region IV
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Total
Region V
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Total
Region VI
Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
Total
Region VII
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Total
Region VIII
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
Total
Region IX
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Total
Region X
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington 	
Total
Accumulative Total

Total ;

6
0
21 ;
2
1 .
0
30
- 39
34
0
0
73

0 .
1
9 ,
24
9 '
0
43

2
14
20
4
1
10
3
13
67 I
46
7
13
9 '
28
14
117
2
9 i
0 :
1
22
34 ;

3
1
16 !
2
22
5 '
0
0
0
3
0 . i.
8 : ;"

4 . •..
47 ,
2 .
0 :
53 '"

0
0
7
6 : -
13,
460
0-10
Employees

5
0
i 14
1
0
0
20
14
19
0
0
33

0
0
5
9
6
0
20

0
6
7
1
1
6
2
6
29
12
1 •
5
0
9
3
30
1
7
0
1
6
15

2 S
1
6
2
11
4
0
0
0
3
0
7"

3
21
2
0
26

0
0
2
2
4
195
10-20
Employees

1
0
3
0
1
0
S
10
9
0
0
19

0
0
2
6
2
0 • .
10

2
7
7
2
0
2
1
6
27
13
1
4
6'
- 6
7
37
1
2
0
0
11
• 14

1
0
5
0
6
1
0
0
0
0
0
1

0 •
7
0
0
7

0
0
4
3
7
133
Over 30
Employees

0
0
• J 4
1
0
0_
. 5
15
.6
0
0
21

0
1
2
9
1
, „ 0
13

0
1
6
• 1
0
, 2
0
•*•
11 . .
20 .,
5
4
3
13
4
49
0
0
0
0
5_
5 . • • -

0
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
p_
0

0
19 .
0
0
19

0
0
1
1
2 ;
130
Not
Indicated

;
, 0 :
0
0
0 .
f 0 - ...
0 '•_'
0
0 '
0
0
0

0
0 '
0
0
0
— ,.
0

0 -
0
0 ; .
0
i 0 .
0 .
0
0 '
o r
1
o .
0
0
0 ,
o ;
i [
0
0
0 ,
0
OJ
0
Q*

0
0
0 ,
0.
o;
0
0
0
0'
; '-0..
0

J.
0
0:
0
1

0
0
0
0
"o"
2
Source:  DCP
                                           16

-------
>


















\ -




•"31
1
H
M
H

3
§
««











































H

|rf
EH
07

^4
03
cn
|
CD
1
3
EH ,
CJ

fa
z
s

^sj
Z
H
fa
o .
o
t-l
frl •
(0 ,
H
si
£4
cn
M
a














-u
' §
CU
04



m
4J
• fl

0
£
3






CO
4-1
(M
§
i—4
cu











cn
^J
£j
rH










0)
4J
1°
ca
^ at'to Lncoco(OTO moo coo o
*^j* (^ *d* ^l* ^rt I.Q r^i co ^3* (^ ^D f1^ ^O






;


/
f - ,

^rt f* 4 U^ vO ^^ G^ W) ^* ^O Ul- i™ *i ^* *^*
•H CN (H r-t

' -
. ,



-







CN O U1 ^3* r-i CN CO VO O LDi O cO CO
co co co r^ ^o ^^ *"3* ^* ^i* ^^ d ^^ CN
H — i '








•





f*» \£ cj\ ^< CO ^3* CN r-l O ^ ^J* ^* C*1
^•^"ClflCNCNlMCNCNi— fr-ii—t'i— 1

' ~ r
en
tt! -U
•H 4J
flj •• > C CU
•H  3 — t -HC
J*4 *H M >4 (— ( pCt (d JM fO en fl
OOi 0-H3T3CCn
<«-i c rj x 9isi.iacnOi-*o-i-)
1-1 -H o c « en s-i en w o jr
•-<. r-t 3 3 -H s x en o en o en o
•U i-i (1) CU JS CJ CJ (0 CU -H r-l -H 'H
OHZZOO<£tSO2fa3S
CO
O












•-I















CO
CN









,





ro
r-«






CU
CO
en

cu
C
£J
3
m
-*












CN















CN
CN















O
rH

10
C

rH
O

rtj
g

_^
4-1
O
z
in ro co co co co
O <— 1 CN O f) O <"1












o CN fi r-i in i-t m















o o O O in in r-
CN CN CN CN r-t i-t O
I-t ' 1

^












cn cn cn cn r^ r** cn
•q*



34
0
\ en Q

G T3 J-l tO CU
ffl C O -H it) .C
•H co
tn r-t CD -H IB o o o
•H ^ G cn **-t cn rf
3MCS-tT3COr^ .- S
O (0 -H -H C !>* rH O
w s s > i-i o ft, cn
17

-------
Organization of Ink Plants

Of  the  DCP respondents, 28 percent indicated that they were the only
manufacturing location for that company.  Sixty-four  percent  of  the
plants  are  branch plants of a multiple plant company and six percent
are divisions of a parent corporation.  Less than two percent  of  the
plants  are  captive  manufacturing sites which produce ink solely for
internal consumption.  There are known to be approximately 100 captive
ink manufacturing  sites,  but  to  avoid  duplication,  these  plants
received  DCP's  sent to the printing and publishing industry.  Of the
plants responding that they were branch plants, divisions  or  captive
sites,  almost  90  percent  were  set up as profit centers, while the
remainder were cost centers. Forty-two percent, or  103  plant  sites,
are  part of publicly held corporations and 54 percent, or 247 plants,
are privately held.  The remaining four percent of the industry  falls
under  such  other forms of organization as cooperative, partnerships,
proprietorships,  or  did  not  answer   the   question   on   company
organization.

Age Distribution of Ink Plants

Table  III-5  breaks down the ink industry by the age of manufacturing
facility.  Half of the  plants are between six and 20 years  old,  and
the  remaining  plants  are split almost equally into plants under six
years old or over 20 years old.  A cross tabulation of plant  age  and
the  number  of  employees  (Appendix B) indicates that the plants with
over 20 employees tend to be older facilities  than  the  plants  with
under 20 employees.

Batch Sizes and Available Tankage

In  the  ink  industry, the primary plant operation is, the blending of
various size batches of 'ink.  Inks are often  custom  manufactured  in
batch  sizes  as  small as 2.2 kilograms  (5 pounds).  Newspaper ink is
commonly mass manufactured-continuously or in large batches.   In  the
DCP, plants were asked how many tubs they had in various sizes.  Table
III-6  presents  a  summary  of  production  tub sizes used in the ink
industry.  EPA estimates the total available tankage for the  industry
to be 11,000 tubs, as indicated on Table III-7. Half of the tankage in
the  industry  is  less  than  190 liters  (50 gallons), .accounting for
about 12 percent of capacity.  The majority of the industry's capacity
is in tubs of 950 to 1900 liters  (251  to  500  gallons).   Large  ink
plants  (those with over 20 employees) have approximately 50 percent of
all  tubs,  and  over 60 percent  of total industry capacity, although
they represent only 29 percent of all ink plants.                '.
                                  18

-------
     Age




     Less than 3 years




     3-5 years




     6- - 10 ye.ars




     11 - 20 years




     21 - 30 years




     Over 30 years




     Did not answer




     Total
               III-5




INK INDUSTRY BREAKDOWN BY AGE







      Number of Plants
             49




             51




             98




            126




             60




             64




             12.




            460
Percent of Total




       10.7




       11.1




       21.3




       27.4




       13.0




       13.9




        2.6




      100%
Source:  DCP
                                    19

-------
                                  TABLE III-6




                NUMBER OF INK PLANTS WITH TUBS OF VARIOUS SIZES






                                      Number of Tubs
Tub Size

Less than 5 gal.
6-10 gals.
10 - 50 gals.
51 - 100 gals.
101 - 250 gals.
251 - 500 gals.
501 - 1000 gals.
Over 1000 gals.
0

123
123
41
54
118
162
188
195
1-5
Number'
72
65
119
107
104
54
27
13
6-10
of Plants
45
45
94
96
45
12
4
2
11-20
Responding
46
31
78
61
20
11
6
1
21-50

9
7
30
17
10
6
0
1
Over 50

5
5
3
4
'0
2
0

Source:  DCP
                                    20

-------
                                  TABLE III-7





                          TOTAL INK INDUSTRY TANKAGE
Tub Size
(gallons) Number of Tubs
Less than 5 gal.
6-10 gals.
11 - 50 gals.
51 - 100 gals.
101 - 250 gals.
251 - 500 gals.
501 - 1000 gals.
Over 1000 gals.
Total
1700 ;
1300
3400
2600
1100
600 ' :
200
100
11,000
Percent of
Total Capacity
1%
1%
10%
20%
20%
23%
15%
10%
100%
Percent of Tubs
In 132 Largest Plants*
30%
50%
50%
50%
60%
80%
60%
70%
*Plants with over 20 employees
Source:   DCP
                                   21

-------
Periods of Operation

The ink industry primarily functions on a one shift per day  five  day
per  week  basis.   Eighty-one percent of the plants responding to the
DCP question  concerned  with  -shift  operation  indicated  that  they
operate  one  shift  per  day, while 16 percent operate two shifts and
only 3 percent operate three shifts.  Almost 94 percent of the  plants
have  eight-hour shifts, with the next most common shift lengths being
seven hours and ten hours  (2 percent each).  Over 96  percent  of  the
plants  responding  to  the  DCP  operate  five days per week, while 1
percent operate six days weekly and 2 percent indicate work  weeks  of
under four days.

Most  ink plants operate approximately 250 days per year.  Forty-eight
percent of the plants indicated that they work  between  201  and  250
days  per year and 44 percent Work between 251 and 300 days.  Of those
giving the exact number of days, the four  most  common  answers  were
250,  253,  260,  and  248 days per year.  Three percent of the plants
operate less than 200 days per year, and 4 percent  operate  over  300
days.

Production characteristics

In  the  manufacture  of  inks, the three major ingredients, vehicles,
pigments, and dryers, are mixed thoroughly together to  form  an  even
dispersion of pigments within the vehicle.  The mixing is accomplished
with  the use of high-speed mixers, ball mills, three-roll mills, sand
mills, shot mills, and/or colloid mills.               ,

Most inks are made in a batch process in tubs ranging in sizes from 19
liters  (five gallons) to over 3750 liters  (1,000 gallons).  The number
of steps needed to complete the manufacture of the  ink  depends  upon
the  dispersion  characteristics of the ingredients.  Most inks can be
completely manufactured in one or two steps since many of the pigments
used can be obtained predispersed in a paste or wetted form.


The pigments, vehicles,  and  additives  are  combined  in  calculated
amounts into a mixing tub then blended in the commonly used high-speed
vertical post mixers.  The mixing speed used, determined by the nature
of  the  ingredients,  can  range from a  few revolutions per minute to
several thousand revolutions per minute.

Many  inks  need  additional  dispersion  to  meet  their  formulation
specifications.    This   is   accomplished  through  further  milling
operations.  A batch of ink may be put through the mills several times
before the required dispersion is reached.
                                  22

-------
     on  total   ink   industry!  production   appeared   earlier  in   this
 Section.    The   following  paragraphs   discuss   some  of  the production
 characteristics,  analyses,  statistics,  and interrelationships  of   this
 data   in  more   detail.   Approximately half of the  plants in the ink
 industry specialize  in either paste  ink or liquid ink. The  other   half
 produce  both  types of  inks,  with a  wide variety of fractional, mix.
 Table  III-8 presents the  data on production breakdown from  all plants.
 The "average" plant, based  on the average  mix of all  plants,  produces
 65 percent  paste  ink, and about  35 percent liquid ink.

 Ink  manufacturers '  can   also be classified  by their  percentages  of
 water-base  ink and solvent-base  or oil-base ink.   Thirty-seven percent
 of the ink  plants   responding  to  the survey   produce 100   percent
 solvent-base or  oil-base  ink,  but only  3 percent of the  plants produce
 100  percent water-base ink.   A  breakdown  of ink plants  by  the percent
 of water, solvent or oil-base ink manufactured is presented in  Table
 III-9.  The "average" plant produces approximately 60 percent  oil-base
 ink,   25  percent solvent-base   ink and   15  percent water-base ink.
 However, there  are   some  differences   Between   plants  that   produce
 exclusively  solvent-base  or oil-base ink and  those that  produce 100
 percent water-base ink.   These differences are depicted  in  Table   III-
 10.    Plants  making exclusively solvent-base or oil-base  ink produce
 mostly paste  ink,   while  the  plants   dedicated to  water-base ink
 products   manufacture    primarily  liquid  inks.   Both   groups  of
 specialized plants are smaller in general  than the industry  average.
 Water-base   ink  plants,,   predictably   rinse  tubs  with   water   more
 frequently  and   use a   higher   percentage of   their   total   water
 consumption for this purpose. ,
                                        *
 Table  III-11 summarizes the usage of organic and  inorganic  pigments  in
 ink.   This is important  because many inorganic  pigments contain  heavy
 metals which are  toxic pollutants.   The  survey   data  show that the
 industry  relies  on  inorganic  pigments  for approximately 40  percent  of
 total  production, and organic  pigments  for 60 percent of production.
The data in
consistent.
             Tables  III-8,  III-9  and  111-10  are  not  necessarily
              This  is  because  these  tables ' represent responses to
several DCP questions which were not, answered consistently,  nor  were
the answers to these questions necessarily mutually exclusive.
Raw Materials

The  responses to DCP questions concerned with raw materials indicates
that the production characteristic most strongly affecting  the  usage
of  toxic  pollutants is the percentage of solvent-base ink and water-
base ink production.  To illustrate this trend for the industry  as'  a
whole,  the  percentage  of  solvent-base  ink  production was plotted
against the percentage of plants  using  common  toxic  pollutants  or
classes  of toxic pollutants (see Appendix D).  For each plot, a least
                                 23

-------
                                 TABLE III-8




                     PRODUCTION BREAKDOWN OP INK PLANTS
Paste Ink Percent of
	 Production All . 5 lants 	
(Percent of
Production Volume)
0
1-10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81-90
91 - 99
100
Did not answer
Total
Average

13.0
2.4
5.9
4.3
3.3
9.6
3.3
2.8
3.0
3.5
8.3
38.7
2.0
100%
65%
Liquid Ink Percent of
Production All Plants
(Percent of
Production Volume)
0
1-10
11-20
21 - 30
31-40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
91 - 99
100
Did not answer
Total
Average

39.1
8.0
3.0
2.8
2.6'
6.5
7,2
3.3
4.8
4.3
2.2
12. 2
	 3_._9_
100%
35%
Source:  DCP
                                   24

-------
                             TABLE III-9





           PRODUCTION  BREAKDOWN OF INK PLANTS BY VEHICLE
Percent of Total
Ink Production
Water-Base
Ink
Solvent-Base
Ink
Oil- Base
- Ink
Percent of Responders
0
1-10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
•41 - 50
51 - 60
61-70
81 - 90
91 - 99
100
Did not answer
Total
Average
44.1
23.9
5.9
4.3
4.3
3.9
2.0
1.1
0.7
2.0
2.6
4.1
100%
15
48.0
7.0
3.3
4.1
4.6
10.0
" 2.6
2.4
3.0
2.8
4.8
5.0
100%
25
14.1
3.7
6.7
4.3
4.3
7.6
3.5
3.0
3.5
10.7
32.4
2.6
100%
60
Source:  DCP
                                   25

-------
O
H

H
H
M


a

§
    s  s

    ft)  CM

    H  o
    rH  VQ
    rtj  <3"
<*>
o  a)  m
o  01  +J
rH  (0    "


 01   I  rH
 j i  ^

 C  (!)
 (0  -P  CN


ft  »  "--
 I  0)

•a  s

 ^
H  H
 O  -H
cn  o

dP  W*
o  o
o  o
                    01  VI


                    s  °
                    m  

•3
0)
01
D

0)
01
C
•rH
CM

M

-------
                                        111-11
                 COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND  INORGANIC PIGMENTS
                              USED IN INK PLANTS
Inorganic Pigment
Organic Pigment
Usage (Percent of
Production Volume)
0
1 -
11.
21
31..
41
-51
61
71
81
91
100
Did

•10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
-60
- 70
- 80
- 90
- 99

not answer
Total
Percent of
Plants
7.0
25.4
7.4 '
7.2
4.6
12.4
7.6
5-. 2
-4.1
4.1.,
3.7
3.0
a'. 3
100%
Usage (Percent of
Production Volume)
•0
1 -
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
31
.91
100
Did

• 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
-60
- 70
- 80
- 90
-99

•not answer
Total
Percent of
Plants .
4.1
5.7
6.5
5.7
5.0
15.0
3.7
5.4
7.4
7.6
21. -5
6.3
6.1
100%
Source:   DCP
                                27

-------
squares fit was calculated.  The results of these calculations (slopes
and correlation coefficients) are presented in Table 111-12.  For  all
but  one  major  toxic  pollutant,  the  slope of the best fit line is
positive, indicating that the  overall  trend  is  for  greater  toxic
pollutant  usage  with  increased  solvent-base  ink  production.  The
statistical validity of the fit was  better  for  some  of  the  toxic
pollutants   than  for  others  as  reflected  in  the  higher  R2  or
correlation  coefficient.   As  can  be  seen   from   Table   111-12,
comparatively good fits were obtained for phenol, zinc, and lead.
                                  28

-------
                           TABLE 111-12

                SLOPES AND CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS
           FOR PLOTS OF PERCENT  TOXIC   POLLUTANT USAGE
                              VERSUS
                PERCENT SOLVENT BASE INK PRODUCTION
Toxic
Pollutant
Dichlorobenzidene
Cyanide
Zinc
Chromium
Chlorinated Organic
Solvents
Lead
Phthalates
Toluene
Phenol
Percent Solvent Base
Ink Production
Slope
.12
' .004
.42
.064
-.12
.50
.21
.38
.43

R2
.14
.00008
.67
.016
.04
.64
.13
.27
.46
Source:   DCP
                               29

-------

-------
                              SECTION IV

                      INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
INTRODUCTION

EPA   considered   the   following   factors  in  determining  whether
differences  within  the   ink   industry   might   require   separate
limitations.

    1.   Raw materials and products
    2.   Production methods
    3.,   Size and age of production facilities
    4.   Wastewater characteristics
    5.   Tank or tub cleaning techniques

RATIONALE FOR SUBCATEGORIZATION                                      •

The Agency has concluded that tank or tub cleaning techniques offer an
appropriate  basis  for  subcategorization  of  the ink industry.  The
following two subcategories have been chosen.

    1.   Solvent-wash (solvent-base solvent-wash)

    2.   Caustic and/or water-wash

RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

Solvents, resins, extenders, pigments, and dispersing agents generally
are similar for all ink products, except for the  use  of  solvent  or
water  as  the  dispersing  medium.   Raw  materials and products are,
therefore, not a basis for subcategorization, except as they influence
tank or tub cleaning techniques.

PRODUCTION METHODS

Both solvent-base and water-base inks can be made in the same factory,
with many of the same raw materials and in much of the same equipment.
Some solvent-base pigments may be dispersed  in  roll  or  ball  mills
before  blending  into  the  dispersed  calcium  carbonate, talcs, and
clays; these  mills  are  generally  not  used  for  water-base  inks.
Because  the  production  methods for all inks are quite similar, they
are not a basis for subcategorization;
                                 31

-------
SIZE AND AGE OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES

This study showed that the size of production facilities affects  only
the  volume  of  wastewater;  the  characteristics  of  the wastes are
similar regardless of  plant  size.   Because  the  ink  manufacturing
process  equipment has not changed appreciably over the years, the age
of  the  plant  has  little  bearing  on  the  waste  characteristics.
Therefore, neither size nor age of ink production facilities appear to
be a valid basis for subcategorization.

WASTEWATER CONSTITUENTS        •        ' *

The  untreated  wastewaters  generated by ink manufacturing operations
contain a fairly diverse  mixture  of  pollutants.   These  pollutants
range from oxygen demand and solids to various toxic pollutants.  Both
water-base  and  solvent-base  ink  manufacturing  wastewaters contain
substantial quantities of these pollutants.  No  specific  segment  of
the  industry  has  a  significantly  different quality of wastewater.
Consequently, wastewater constituents do not provide a good basis  for
subcategoriz ation.

TUB CLEANING TECHNIQUES

The  ink  industry  commonly  uses  three  specific methods of ink tub
cleaning.  These cleaning  methods  include:  (1)  solvent-wash;   (2)
caustic-wash; and  (3) water-wash^  Solvent-wash is used exclusively to
clean tubs used for formulating solvent-based and oil-based ink.  When
solvent-washing  is  used,  essentially  no  wastewater is discharged.
Caustic-wash techniques are used to clean both solvent-base and water-
base ink manufacturing tanks.  Water-washing techniques also are  used
in  both the solvent-base and water-base segments of the ink industry.
For  solvent-base  operations,  water-washing  usually  only   follows
caustic-washing  of  solvent-base  tanks.   For water-base operations,
water-washes often constitute the only  tub  cleaning  operation.   It
should be noted, however, that periodic caustic cleaning of water-base
ink tubs is also a common practice.

The  treatability  and  disposal  options  for wastewater generated by
water-wash and  caustic-wash  operations  are  essentially  the  same.
Rinse  waters  generated  following  caustic-wash  are  sometimes less
concentrated  than  exclusively  water  rinse  generated  wastewaters,
although the pollutants contained in these two types of wastewater are
similar.   Consequently,  the  methods  of  treatment and disposal are
alike.  Furthermore, the quantity of wastewater generated by  caustic-
wash  operations  is  not  greater  than  that generated by water-wash
techniques.
                                 32

-------
On  the  other  hand,  solvent-wash  .operations  create  significantly
different  waste1 streams.  As a result, tub cleaning techniques appear
to be a workable basis for subcategorization.
                                  33

-------

-------
                              SECTION V

                 WATER USE AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
WATER USE
Water usage by ink plants responding to the DCP is shown on Table V-l.
Based on these results EPA estimates daily water usage for  the  total
industry between 3.7 and 21.6 million liters  (1.1 -5.7 mgd), with the
most  likely  average  falling between 7.6 and 11.4 million liters per
day  (2— 3 mgd).  Previous  EPA  studies  of  the  ^ink  industry  have
developed  little  data on water consumption, therefore no comparisons
of historical data can be presented.

Water usage data for all ink plants also indicates  that  the  highest
proportion  of  water  use  is  for cooling  (50 percent), sanitary (27
percent), and product  (9 percent).  Other  uses  include  boiler  feed
water   (5  percent),  tank  and  equipment  cleaning   (7 percent), air
pollution control (1 percent), and  miscellaneous  (1  percent).   The
percentage  of  water  used  for  various  purposes  does  not  differ
substantially between small plants and large plants, as illustrated on
Table V-2.

WASTEWATER SOURCES

Tub and Equipment Cleaning

Process wastewater from ink  manufacturing  plants  results ^primarily
from  the  rinsing  of  mixing tanks, roller mills and other equipment
used  for  ink  manufacture.   Some  additional  wastewater   may   be
contributed  by  floor and spill cleaning, laboratory and plant sinks,
boiler and cooling water blowdown, air pollution control devices using
water, and cleanout of raw material supply tank cars or trucks.   Many
ink  plants segregate noncontact cooling water and sanitary wastewater
for discharge to the sewer with no pretreatment.

Ink manufacture involves three basic steps; mixing of  raw  materials,
milling,  if  required,  and , filling  and packaging.  In many plants,
filling is done directly from the mill and no additional equipment  is
contacted  by  ink  except some hand tools.  Mixing tubs can be rinsed
with either water, caustic, solvent, cleaned by  dry  methods,  or  by
some  combination  of methods.  Water rinses usually follow water-base
ink' batches, solvent rinses follow solvent or oil-base ink batches and
caustic rinses follow  either.   Many  plants  routinely  use  caustic
rinsing for small portable tubs and clean fixed tubs with caustic only
when heavy build up of ink residue makes it necessary.  The methods of
tub  rinsing  practiced  by  ink plants according to DCP responses are
presented on Table V-3.
                                 35

-------
                             TABLE V-l





               TOTAL WATER USAGE BY THE INK INDUSTRY
Water Consumption




0 - 10,000 GPD




10,000 - 20,000 GPD




20,000 - 30,000 GPD




30,000 - 50,000 GPD




50,000 - 100,000 GPD




Over 10,000 GPD




Not Answered






Source: DCP
Number of Plants




      376




   :    32




       13




.   i     6




        6




        0




       27
Percent of Total




     81.7




      7.0




      2.8




      1.3




      1.3




        0




      5.9
                             36

-------
CN
 I
9
04



a,
M


z
M


H
               M-I  cn
                O  -u


                CD  (0
                Qi
                rd
                ^
                
-------
                                   TABLE  V^3




                  METHODS OF TUB CLEANING USED BY INK PLANTS
Rinsing Method
Water Rinse only*
Solvent Rinse only*
Caustic Rinse or Soak only*
Dry Cleaning Only
Water and Caustic Rinse*
Water and Solvent Rinse*
Solvent and Caustic Rinse*
Water, Solvent and Caustic*
Not Answered
Total Using
Water Rinse
Solvent Rinse
Caustic Rinse
Caustic Soak
Dry Clean Up
Number of Plants
15
176
56
25
; 43
; 64
32
36
; • • 13

158
308
; , HI
'.' 85
106
Percent of Total
3.3
38.3
'. 12.2
5.4
9.3
13.9
7.0
7.8
2.3

34.3
67.0
24.1
18. 5
23.0
*With or without dry cleaning of tanks




Source: DCP
                                  38

-------
Solvent rinsing  of ~ solvent-base  or  oil-base  ink  tubs  ord±n.3.r±ly
generates  no  wastewater.   The dirty solvent generally is handled in
one of three ways:
    1.
    2.
    3.
         used in the next compatible batch
         vehicle;
of  ink  as  part  of  the
         collected and redistilled, either  by  the  plant  or  by
         outside contractor for.subsequent resale or reuse; and
                        an
         reused with or without settling to clean tubs  and  equipment
         until spent, and then drummed off for disposal.  If sludge is
         settled  out  it is also drummed off for disposal by contract
         hauling.

Wastewater  generated  by  rinsing  tubs   or   equipment   used   for
manufacturing water-base ink is usually handled in one of four ways:

    1.   reused in the next, compatible batch of water-base ink as part
         of the vehicle;

    2.   reused either with or without treatment  to  clean  tubs  and
         equipment  until  spent.   If  sludge  is  settled  out it is
         disposed by contract hauling;

    3.   discharged with or without treatment as wastewater; and

    4.   disposed of by contract hauling.

Plants using caustic  rinse  or  washing  s'ystems  usually  rinse  the
caustic  residue  with  water, although a few plants allow the caustic
solution to evaporate in the tubs.  There are several types of caustic
systems commonly used by the ink industry.  For periodic  cleaning  of
fixed tubs two methods are most popular:

    1.   maintaining the 'caustic in a holding  tank   (usually  heated)
         and  pumping through fixed piping or flexible hose to the tub
         to be cleaned.  often a portable hood  is  placed  over  that
         tub,  with  nozzles  to  direct  the  spray.   The caustic is
         returned to the holding tank; and

    2.   preparing the caustic solution in the tub to be cleaned,  and
         soaking  the tub until clean.  The caustic solution is either
         transferred to the next tub to be cleaned, stored in drums or
         a tank for subsequent use, or is discarded.
For cleaning small portable tubs three common methods are used by
ink industry:
                                                                   the
                                 39

-------
    1.   pumping caustic from  a  holding  tank   (usually  heated)  to
         nozzles  in a fixed or portable hood which is placed over the
         tub to be cleaned.  The.caustic drains to a  floor  drain  or
         sump  and  is  pumped  back  to  the  tank, or is pumped back
         directly from the tub;

    2.   maintaining an open top caustic holding tank.  Small tubs are
         put into "strainers" and dipped into these tanks until clean;
         and

    3.   placing  the  tubs  in  a   "diswasher-like"   device   which
         circulates  hot  caustic and a subsequent water rinse.  These
         devices can handle tubs up to about 1900 liters  (500 gal).

The water rinse  following  a  caustic-wash  is  rarely  reused  in  a
subsequent batch of ink.  The most common methods for disposal of this
rinse are:
    1.

    2.

    3.
recycling it back into the caustic as make-up water;

drumming it for contract hauling;

discharging it as wastewater, with or  without  pretreatment.
Combination  with  other  wastewater  prior  to  treatment or
disposal  is  sometimes   practiced.    Discharge   of   this
wastewater   is  currently  prohibited  by  some  states  and
municipalities and may be prohibited in other  areas  in  the
future; and
         discharge as a wastewater, with or without
         other plant wastewaters or pretreatment.
                                            combination  with
Most  caustic using plants recycle the caustic solution until it loses
some of its cleaning ability.  The caustic is then disposed of  either
by contract hauling or as a wastewater, with or without neutralization
or  other  treatment.   In .the DCP, plants using caustic rinsing were
asked to indicate whether their system was a closed loop  system  (all
of  the  water  rinse is used as caustic make-up) , partial recycle, or
open (no reuse of the water rinse),  There was  some  confusion  among
responders  regarding  the definitions of the three terms.  Sixty-five
plants responded that they had a closed loop  system.   Telephone  and
field  contact  with a sample of these plants showed that while all of
the plants recycled their caustic solution, few were able  to  recycle
a'll  of  their  water  rinse.  At least one manufacturer in the United
States makes a true closed loop caustic system, but it is  not  widely
used  by the ink industry.  Twenty-one plants responding to the survey
recycled part of their caustic irinse water and 68 plants indicated  no
recycle of rinse water.
                                 40

-------
     Ps.gen.cy  asked  plants  responding to the DCP to indicate how many
gallons of water were used  to  clean  tubs  of  various  sizes.   The
results  are  presented in Table V-4, for that section of the industry
indicating the use of water to clean tubs.  For all tub sizes  listed,
the  majority  of  plants used less than 38 liters (10 gal) to clean a
tub after a batch of ink.  The percentage of plants requiring over  38
liters   (10  gal)  to clean a mixing tub increases as expected, as the
size of the tub increases.  For tubs between 950 and 1900 liters   (251
to  500  gal)  the  Agency  estimates that the average water usage for
cleaning falls between 45 and 114 liters  (12 and 30 gal) with the most
likely average between 57 and 76 liters (15 to 20 gal).

The amount of water generated by tub cleaning  is  influenced  by  the
water  pressure  used.  A cross-tabulation of water pressure by volume
of water for each range of tub size is presented in Appendix C.  These
tables indicate some correlation between  the  two  variables;  plants
with   high  pressure  rinses  tend  to  generate  less  tub  cleaning
wastewater per batch of ink.

Other Pollutant Sources

Beyond process wastewater generated from tub and  equipment  cleaning,
there  are  other  sources of pollutants within the typical ink plant.
These wastewater streams must be considered in  any  water  management
schemes  developed  for  the ink industry.  The following are the most
common sources of potentially contaminated  wastewater  found  at  ink
manufacturing  facilities, other than those discussed in the preceding
section:

    1.   bad or spoiled ink batches which are not reworked or disposed
         of by contract hauling;

    2.   residue from spills,: which are discharged  to  the  sewer  or
         combined with other wastewater;

    3.   contaminated storm Water runoff;

    4.   wastewater  from  cleaning   tank   trucks   delivering   raw
         materials;

    5.   wastewater from plant or laboratory sinks  used  for  rinsing
         hand  equipment  coated  with  ink  or  for disposal of small
         quantities of ink;
         steam  condensaite  from  steam  injection   distillation
         solvents used to clean ink tubs;

         contact water from air pollution control devices; and
of
                                 41

-------
                                   TABLE V-4




                   AMOUNT OF WATER USED TO CLEAN AN INK TUB




                                  Water Used Per Tub Cleaning
Tub Size
1-50 gal.
0-5 gal.

85.0
60.3
44.4
30.5
. 41.2
.. 65.4
, 75.0
6-10 gal.

10.0
26.7
29.6
• 24.4
23.5
3.8
_.
11-50 gal
Percent of
5.0
11.2
: 23.1
; 40.2
23.5
: 7-7
10.0
51-100 gal. Over 100 gal.
Plants Responding*
_
1.7
1.9 0.9
4.9
7.3 3.9
19.2 , 3.8
5.0 10.0
Total

100%
100
100
100
100
100
100
*0nly plants indicating the use of a water rinse were considered  (158 plants)
Source: DCP
                                  42

-------
    8.   was-tewater from tine laundering of rags
         clean ink tubs or equipment.
which
       were
used  to
Other_ wastewater  sources  which do not contact the ink but which may
contain conventional or nonconventional pollutants,  such  as  BOD  or
TSS, include:

    1.   sanitary wastewater;

    2.   noncontact cooling water;

    3.   boiler blowdown; and                                '

    4.   noncontact steam condensate

The DCP asked plants to indicate which  of  these  wastewater  sources
were combined with tub cleaning wastewater before disposal.  The three
most  common  answers  were  sanitary  wastewater,  noncontact cooling
water, and laboratory  wastewater.   As  with  water  usage,  sanitary
wastewater  and cooling water account for over 75 percent ,of the total
wastewater stream at most ink plants, with  tub  cleaning, wastes  and
boiler  blowdown  making  the  next  largest  contribution.  Table V-5
presents the number of plants  which  generate  various  miscellaneous
sources of wastewater.

WASTEWATER VOLUME

According  to  the  DCP  responses,  the  ink industry generates about
150,000 liters (40,000 gallons) of wastewater daily.  Only 75  percent
or  112,500  liters (30,000 gallons), as reported in the DCP responses
actually  is  discharged, , the  remaining   fraction   being   reused,
evaporated or disposed of by contract hauling.

As  is  the  typical  trend  in  the  ink industry, a few large plants
generate most of the wastewater, while the many small  plants  account
for  just  a  few percent of the total flow.  A follow-up-with several
larger ink plants, conducted by NAPIM,  indicated  that  those  plants
contacted  had  overestimated  the  volume  of  wastewater  discharged
indicated on their DCP responses.  NAPIM  has  stated  that  based  on
their  follow-up,  the total ink industry discharge should be adjusted
to about 92,000 liters (24,300 gallons)  daily.

Table V-6 presents the amount of process wastewater generated  by  all
ink  plants  as reported in the DCP responses.  Process wastewater for
this study was defined as only that wastewater that has an opportunity
to contact ink solids, such as  tub  wash  water,  caustic-wash  rinse
water,  and  floor  wash water.  Other wastewaters such as sanitary or
noncontact cooling water were  not  considered  part  of  the  process
                                 43

-------
                                   TABLE  V-5

                            OTHER POLLUTION SOURCES
Number of Plants
Source Responding
Wet Scrubbers
Boiler Slowdown or Cleaning j
Laboratory :
Steam Condensate ;
Solvent is Redistilled on Site ;
By Steam Injection ;
Distillation
10
11
21
5
2
0
Percent of
All Plants
2
2
5
1
1
0
Spent Caustic is Discharged to i
Sanitary Sewer                       43

Spent Solvent is Discharged to '
Sanitary Sewer                 .      26
Source: DCP

-------
                               TABLE V-6

              WASTEWATER GENERATION BY THE INK INDUSTRY
                     All Plants
Plants Using a Water Rinse
Wastewater i ,
Generated
0
1 - 100
101 - 250
251 - 500
500 - 750 ;
751 •- 1,000
Over 1,000*
Not Answered
Total
Number of
Plants
,171
'171
33
12
6
5
12
	 50_
460
Percent of
Total
37.2
37.2
7.2
2.6
I
1.3
1.1
2.6
10.9
100.0
Number of
Plants
12
97
23
\
7 »
5
, 1
7
j T,i
158
Percent of
. Total
7.6
61.4
14.6
'-4.4
3.2
0.6
4.4
3.8
100.0
*Follow-up by NAPIM with this group of plants indicated that some
responders included non-contact cooling water.
Source: DCP
                                45

-------
wastewater  stream, although a few plants may have mistakenly included
these flows in their totals indicated on the DCP.

The most important factors affecting the volume of process  wastewater
generated  and  discharged at ink plants is the amount of solvent-base
or oil-base ink versus water-ba-se ink produced,  and  whether  solvent
rinsing or caustic rinsing of solvent-base ink is utilized.  Table V-7
compares  wastewater  generation volumes between plants producing only
water-base ink and plants producing solvent-base ink exclusively.   As
the  table  shows,  most  of  the  plants  that generate no wastewater
produce only solvent-base ink.

The volume of process wastewater discharged by the ink industry  as  a
whole  is  shown  on Table V-8.:  Fifty-two percent  (237 plants) of the
industry discharges no wastewater.  Of plants  that  utilize  a  water
rinse  for  cleaning  tubs,  57  plants,   (36  percent)  practice  "no
discharge."  Even among plants that produce 100 percent water-base ink
(Table V-9), four plants  (33 percent)  discharge  no  wastewater.   Of
plants  producing  100 percent oil-base or solvent-base ink, 87 plants
(51 percent) discharge no wastewater.  Of the  plants  that  discharge
wastewater   (Table  V-8),  84  plants   (18  percent  of  the industry)
discharge less than 380 liters per day  (100 gpd) .

WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION

The Agency assembled historical analytical data on the  occurrence  of
conventional, nonconventional, and toxic pollutants in wastewater from
the ink industry from the following sources:

    1.   the National Field Investigation  Center  -  Denver   (NFIC-D)
         Report  (1975) (1) ;

    2.   historical data attached to DCP responses; and

    3.   municipalities and EPA regional offices.

Unfortunately, much of the  historical  data  represents  ink  process
wastewater  combined  with  other  wastewater sources, such as cooling
water or sanitary wastewater, in undetermined ratios.   Virtually  all
of  the  data  obtained   from municipalities and from the DCP's are in
this form.  These data are not directly comparable with sampling  data
from  segregated  ink  process  wastewater.  The sources of historical
analytical data are discussed in the following paragraphs.

In February 1975, NFIC published a  Draft  Develop.ment_  Document  for
Proposed  Effluent Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for
the Paint and Ink Formulation Industries.

-------
                                   TAKLE V-7

                 VOLUME OF WASTEWATER GENERATED BY INK PLANTS
                      PRODUCING ONLY WATER-BASE,  OIL-BASE,
                               OR SOLVENT-BASE  INK
Wastewater , Plants Producing 100% Plants Producing 100% Oil-Base or
Generated Water- Base Ink Solvent-Base Ink
(gpd) Number of Plants Percent
0 . 1 8.3
1 - 100 6 50.0
101 - 250 -
251 - 500 3 25.0
501 - 750 1 . 8.3
751 - 1,000 -
Over 1,000 ' _ : - -
Not Answered 1 8. 3
Total 12 100.0
Number of Plants Percent
93
37
7
2
-
2
2
63
206
54.4
21.6
4.1
1,2
-
1.2
1.2
13.7
100.0
Source: DCP
                                    47

-------
                                  TABLE V-8

                   WASTEWATER DISCHARGE BY THE INK INDUSTRY
                         All Plants
giants Using Water Rinse
Wastewater Number of
Discharged Plants
0
1 - 100
101 - 250
251 - 500
501 - 750
751 - 1,000
Over 1,000*
Not Answered
Total
237
84
32
10
5
5
11
76
460
Percent of
Total
: 51.5
; is.3
7.0
2.2
1.1
1.1
i
2.4
16.5
100.0
Number of
Plants
57
47
21
8
2
1
7
15
158
Percent of
Total
36.1
29.7
13.3
5.1
1.3
0.6
4.4
' 9.5
100.0
*Follow-up by NAPIM with this group of plants indicated that some
responders overestimated their discharge volume.
Source: DCP
                               48

-------
                                      TABLE V-9

                  VOLUME OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGED  BY INK PLANTS
                       PRODUCING ONLY WATER-BASE,  OIL-BASE
                              OR SOLVENT-BASE  INKS
Wastewater Plants Producing 100% Plants Producing 100% Oil— Base
Discharged Water-Base Ink or Solvent-Base Ink
(gpd) Number of Percent of
Plants Total
0 4 .; 33.3
1-100 4 33.3
101 - 250 - -
251 - 500 3 25.0
501 - 750
751 - 1,000 . • - '
Over 1,000 - -
Not Answered 1 8.3
Total 12 , 100.0
Number of
Plants
87
25
6
3
3
1
2
44
171
Percent of
Total
50.9
19.7
2.5
1.8
1.8
0,6
1.2
25.7
100.0
Source: DCP
                                  49

-------
This report was based, in part, on analytical data  collected  by  the
NFIC-Denver  staff.   This report served as the basis of the July 1975
Development  Document  recommending   no   discharge   for   the   two
subcategories,    solvent-base/solvent-wash    paint    and   solvent-
base/solvent-wash   ink.    These   regulations   were    subsequently
promulgated for direct discharge plants only.  The NFIC researched the
untreated  wastewater  discharge  of  ink  manufacturing  sites in the
Oakland, California area using the files of  the  East  Bay  Municipal
Utilities District  (EBMUD)     ! '

These  results  are  presented  in Table V-10.  Some of EBMUD samples,
however, appear to be from ink wastewater combined  with  other  plant
wastewater  streams.  To supplement these data, the NFIC collected two
grab samples of the rinse from ; a  caustic-washer.   The  results  are
found  in Table v-11.  For most parameters, the data from the two grab
samples are at least an order of magnitude higher than the  data  from
the EBMUD files.                                                !  .

Approximately   15  plants  attached  historical  analytical  data  on
wastewater discharged from their plants to their DCP*s.   All  of  the
data   characterized   ink  process  wastewater  combined  with  other
wastewater streams.  Consequently, none of the data submitted with the
surveys is applicable.

SAMPLING DATA

Appendix H presents analytical data for conventional, nonconventional,
and toxic pollutants from each I of six ink plants  where  samples  were
collected  during this study.  ;The six selected plants covered a broad
range of ink production.  Some of the  production  characteristics  of
these  plants,  and their wastewater sources and treatment methods are
presented in Tables V-12 and V-13.  Three of the  six  plants  treated
wastewater  prior  to  discharge,  but  only  Plant  22 had sufficient
wastewater volume to warrant sampling of both  treated  and  untreated
wastex^ater.   Only  untreated wastewater and intake water samples were
collected at the other five plants.  The  information  in  Table  V-12
came   from   interviews   of  plant  personnel  during  plant  visits
supplemented by data from the DCP.  The  toxic  pollutants  that  were
potentially  present  in  the  raw . materials  from each ink plant are
listed in Table V-14.  This table was based on an analysis of the  raw
materials survey in the ink industry DCP.

A  ^ummary of the characteristics of untreated and treated wastewater,
and tap water from the sampled;ink plants is presented in Tables  V-15
to  V-17.   Section VI discusses this information and its relationship
to the raw materials survey.  These tables  summarize  the  number  of
times  each  conventional,  nonconventional  and  toxic  pollutant was
analyzed for, the number of times each  organic  toxic  pollutant  was
detected,  and  the  number  of  times each was detected above 10 ug/1
                                 50

-------























c
J

a
|























3
a
en -
8
w
Ed
H
r g-l
M
H
,J
CU
M
O
r-l
S
X
0)
en
rt
H
5 '
en
g
W

*
en
CO
O
21
fri
2j
.. &
z
- a
^
o
< •
I-1-
S

!srf
z
HH

•q
en !
' z
CONSTITUE



_









5
1
01
§
fO














c
ft
''
a


>
£
,
r^
4.
W



a
ft
33







X

S



c
S






01
' 'u
• -U
Se
Ed




Constituent
^3 LO v»O 03 C^ -.CD {Q
<3\ ro ,c** c**» c^ o
^t1 O1 '00 1 1 J •
Q




] ' n fo p^ - 01 ^\ - O- o
^0 ctt ^r o^ ^*
|^J \,Q \_Q fs^




i - -

CN • vO" fN i-^ vO r^» iH O> O VO
("tCN^fi^lDin^rH O
^or^nr-i r-j. «
; o O




,
f
O OOin Orrt CO iH o ^0
vO'r^coooc^oo «CN o
r-l CN Cn Cl. CN r-l r-( . .
-T • ' • » oo
CN (*> CN r-l

i


m o o co ro p» moo o " M •« O 3
•H C 4J H
1-4 • O rj r-l 
O ffl C O rH S
M 0) - IB -H -H -H
i-i J s z en . e^























01

-------
                             TABLE V-ll

          WASTE CHARACTERIZATION FROM AN INK TUB WASHER
                   THAT RECYCLES THE WASH WATER  (1) ,
                       (October 15-18, 1973)
          Pollutant
Concentration
   (mg/1)	
          COD

          TOG

          Total Suspended Solids

          pH                ;


          Metals
     59,500

     32,000

     31,600

       12.5  (2)
Barium
Total Chromium
Cadmium
Iron '
Lead
Zinc
Copper
Titanium \ '
6.7
150
0.29
134
760
4.9
6.4
1 !
(1)   Survey conducted by NFT.C-D; daily production  18,400  Ib/day
     (average of data from two grab samples).

(2)   Value reported as standard units.

                            [
Source: NFID-D Report       |
                           52

-------






















^__
rH

' 35
J3
05
CD
g
cn cs
EH 04
g CD
04 H

H fl|
CN cn

1 , O r-
> r-
Cd § 2
EH N EH
Si
«! EH
CJ 04
HI
CJ
1
04

























s •




':









, -P
g
id

EV



O

x^
01
CD



01
CD
O O
4J -H 0) 3
G -P 01 >x
id O 3 CO
I-H (d a) a)
Ot SH « x
04

01
0)
cn o
D -H SH o
•P CD 3
4J 01 .G \
G 3 W 01
(ft flj (0 Q)
rH CJ
O4

01
4J
G
•H
O4



3 X
O
•H
cn
oc JH
O
C
H
o
•H
C

D
C



V




O
•rl
-P
O
3
-0
o

04

L4
G
H




(JJ
o;

O tt

•rl C
O a>
>
dP i—

V.


|

a> a>
4-> 01
id t
3 m

dp

4J
' '§«
. 0,8





CJ S
* ••
H CN
U CJ
^
« S S o? S
s o cj 3 . cj
CJ
cn
cn

•
cn -P
CD 3
••S
^
1 S


01 01
o a) o o a>
. 3 X ' 3 3 X






cn cn -, ' 01
a> 1} o a> o
,X X 3 X 3




CO 01 01
o a> a> o a)
J2 ^^ ?^ 53 ?"*

dP dP dP ' dP dP
, o in in tn m
^t 1^ ; Q\ QQ fT)



f dP dp dp dP dP
o m in in m
VD <*) • rH V43
-





-— «.
CN

o m o in o
c** r^ o vo o
*™i >-H






t
<#> dP " dP
o m o m o
m CN ro
,
1




r~ o 
o
3
O
cn
tewater
01
(d
J5

^
•n
1








••
+J
G

g


&^
M
0)
4-1
id
3
5
01
id
3

<«H
. O
a>
ft
EH





















M
0

01
id
3

o
•H
4J
3
id
0
g
a

01
01
C
•H
M
S
1
S1
rl
P4

1
g










c
o
-rl
4J
id
M
id
a.
S

^
4J
•rl
^
^4
o

|



C3




















^|

1
rT
id
O
a>
cn

i
2
o













G
O
•H
4J
«S
N
•rl
rH
id
j»j
4J
3
(U
3

1

.
4->
3
3






















•Mk.
Cl
•rl
4J '
Ul rl
3 a>
id fi
u id
a>
S-3

'O \O
0) 3
i-H 4->
O
^1 S
u 
04


i
CJ


































































01
•s
4->

jyfj
•H
IH
a>
01
•rl
S-l
a>
id
[2

d
OS
3





















































































p^
r~

                                                            •H
                                                             a>
                                                            4-1
                                                             G
                                                             a)
                                                             O
                                                             M
                                                   -> ^     3
                                                             O
                                                            W
53

-------
                               rH
                               CVl
                                                   CTi
•H  id
 V4 4->
 co
•H
            2
                    CO
            O      *
                                                           O
                                                           2
9
I
            o
            in
                        in
                                                   o
                                                   o
                                                   o
                                               O

                                               O
                                               rH
r      in
                                I        i
                                                   O
                                                   m
                                                          o
                                                          ro
                                                           1
 §
•H
4J  J   co
                                       CQ
                                       3
                                       O
                                       0)


                                       I
                                       o

                                       (1)
                                       4->
                                       
CO
n)
                                                           )H
                                                           0)
(U  O
4J  X
CO  CD
(0  H
 c   
-------
                en
                      XXXXXXXXXXXX   •    XX
                         XXX        XXX
                                                                     X
 w

 3
 M
 «
 u
 E-t
                         XXX
                                                        X        '  X
I
 EH
               rH|       X X X X X X X  X  X  X     XX    XXXXXX
CM


u
2
H
ij
                         XXXXXX    X        X
                                                                    X
£3
I
      01
z
M
                   x  x x x x    xx        x
                                                              X
      fc




      S
      e<
      a
      H?


      f
      o
                                                          
                                           o
                                        o  c
                                              0)
                                              c
                                              0)
                                            0)  4)
                                            N  C
                                            C  5
                                                                    0)


                                                              0)     -H

                                                              -P     T3
                                                        n)
                                                       x:
                                                       -P

                                                       fi
                                                  I   0)  3  >i •
                                                                    O
                                                                    SH
                                                                    o
                                                                    rH

                                                                    •S
                                                                          •8 i
                                     •H

                                     O
                                  
-------
             a:
             3
             3;
             W
             X
             r cs
                                             o o 1-1 o o -o K M o  o o o in CM o  in o o o w -o w
                                             Cs«-    o 03 "T M in O  O O M W   O    MO f^ i-l i-l CM
                                             ,-i       ,-t a-    ri    m  w o-         M
                                                                                                                   *-< O O    O
                                                                                                                     CM IH    o
                                                                                                                              M
                                                                                                                                             1 O
                                                                                                                                              -o
z
•c
             0
             Ul
                                 CN WO
                                    Cf-T
                                    Mr-
                                    in
                                             OOT OOOulf^O OOO OUTO  OOO OOO  O
                                             in -o TH wow inn o woo in TH o  ui o o o o o  co
                                             M?Ji-i!n«ors«woino-<-       10     o n n •* CM  cs
                                                                                                          iii in  o o o o in o in o in  o o o
                                                                                                          CM CM  1-1 CM O O O O    IO CM  IH 1-1 M
                                                                                                                     o CN 1-1 o               in
                                                                                                                              o
                                                                                                                              CM
                                                                                                                             O
                                                                                                                             if)
             Ul
             a
tf.
Ul
n
3
s: s:
3 _i
   2: a
   t-lOl  '

        Ul
        Q
                                    O O-
                                    COCN

                                    CN
                                 CN OO
                                              i N w
                                                co-o
                                                Qs
                                                                   CM 1-1 -fl w -

                 S »
     2: E.O ui  - co
     ~ ^ CO -1 CO 3
     LU CO    1-1 CO CO
     CO S3  -l-l-l
      F- <:
                                                                                 co
                                                                                  z
                                                                                  LU
                                                                                          zj s:
                                                                                                     z
                                                                                                     - z: o
a: i=i ci
LU - UJ
CJ CJ -i

O i-l CM
CM CM W
                                                                                                                                    _
                                                                                                                                 3LUZ
                                                                                                                                 CJ '£. LU
                                                                                                                                 fii O —I
                                                                                                                                 Llj !-; LU
                                                                                                                                 2: z co

                                                                                                                                 w  _!0
_j <: z

co PM,

-O N05
JM CM CM'
                                                                                  56

-------
         s:
         i-i
         x
         OO  rOWl-l 1-* ^Hl-1  C-Il-IOI THT-IT-! PO^H^P-rt O CO p CS-P TlpOP-
<£
*L
          Ui
          CD
a:
Ui
i S3 CS fx i-ri CO S3 ~4 TI
 t«3    r-i       in
                                                           7-t  7-t f*3 7-1 T-i  7-1 CM  Tl T-l
p in 71 P P poi*3P*^pmTimpPcoPinpPCMPPPP^Tio
Tl P LO Tl 71 in Tl 
LU
_i
'«
 03
1 S'O Z)
i M a,
i .i- «t Q
i

i Q
Lj_ ' Ui '
CD 03 f-
Ui C_*
izx:bl
Uiw t-
ca i- ui
s a
=
z

i 03 LU
! Ul N
! _1 >-
I a 	 !
i :c -
Ui
sz
^ '
a:
-
i-
M
|V
O
..I
;y
i-

2
- UI LU -x,z s: x_ii-i-
.2uixuixuiui 2uiO2_iuiLUh, a.uii-<: .-oa.2uiuia: a:i-<:ci- >-o « h- « « i^-
cxpxop zx.jouiZ)Z!Q , a. a: p ui z z j.xxx-x

ouiouiaot- so'ui cja. a. oo x co-iocs xx cox xxix3z: a. a. _iLu_ia.a.x
xa:xa:xxz: ac a: esa: >- oo >- zz o cj_i o ui M o o x >- i-
u q u ojUCJ02:oo.ioxa:a:2Luuia:iiU.a:ui2£3a: 2_iM_i_iX

a:xa:xa:a:poxxzxuiiitixzi-_izcc:!::ig_!co.j xxuii-i-;

i M i H i^ i x OM M &:M' ii' MM S a ? cr_i _j S:ox a; u _i LU . ^ PS o >

.. i » i > > '<£ o | i 1 I, i |l i >- O C-i X U O'fiL. X H i- 2 - 2 U
X LU-X
M X Z
a cj -a:
71 ^ 03
ix r** ix




p PP






-








03 03 03



















Ul
Z
Ui
a:
Ui X
zs-
Ul ZLU

O ZU1
z: uia:
u.3la.
o 71 -
X
I-
LU
O
a: z
U1O M

LUX (a

_iw LU
O '"^ i~t (
Hf- i=i
'OiX O
CO ^ CN




















w
Ul
1-
o
z

LU
. CO
M
3
' a:
Ul
x
i-
o

CO
03
Ui
_I
2
r>


X,
CD


CO
(-
2

i

-.z
i- <:
rl X
a^ H-
Q
M CO
a: co
a. LU

a. i
a 	 i
                                                                                     57

-------
              £

              z:
              M
              X
              H
                        CM  IH          -o    in in in          -o T r w -o o o in *r in -o  M in CM    o o T in r-4 IH to o
      cocsco-^-UTr-4-rt    -oo-r-i          inMi-i    rxnt-i'r
      in    CM o in          to CM  w                *H    •*
                                                                      r-4 r-4 o o in in in o n o r-4 o  in  o
                                                                      IM i-i 1-1 r-4 o- TH -o in    in i-i TH  o  s3
                                                                      oo       TUSJM       o     oco
                                                                      i-i i-i       r-4 i-i    s3       i-i     i-i
              ui
              CD
                 l-CL
   CO UI M
   UI => _l
   31 O
      in or-iinooMrxinooinrxinooy-jowootx
      o -^r r-j ~o o o in •
   flu _l
   s:  CO
      CD co co a
      ZOO: HI
      ^^ HI HC _1
— -^ to _i_i o
_i _i « o o; co
 i   I  Hi to CO
CDCD _l
^ z: a Ui  •; co
— N- CO _l CO 3
UI CO    M CO CO
O3 Q  « I- H
-
   co a:
   CKUI
                                                                        • in rx
                                                                        E TH 1-1
         z: 3    ui    >-     3     3
         3Hilj;a    Ci—IHILEiHI
         HiZIUIHi    3LUZUI_!
         z:ou.zotjiiuir>_icj
         Qct:Q--UIUJHIUIH!XHi
         CJCJCJCJ-ISZtOtOHN

         cocsoTHr-jfo-^rinsjixoo
         TH i-i« r-4 CM r-4  r-4 r-4 r-4  r-4 r-4
                                                                                     58

-------
              X
              G T-llHT-i THT-lT-i T-I 1-i. O
                                                                                         '
j-  "act:
     cots
2:      o
C    C3
 I  2:  O Z!
•!  HI  «
 !  t-  -
   £L  _J
   2:  -s
   -
                               i-
                               (£.
                              •a.
                               u
                               Hi
                               2
                               i-y

                               O
LOROBENZIDINE
OROPHENOL '
                                          LU

                                         . -  LU
                                    2:    X  Q
                                    LU    O  w   .
                                    Z3    5-  Ci
                                    _l    X  O
                                    O    !-  _!
                                    I- LULU  X
                                    O 2:0  U    LU
                                    ee. LU Lt     bi 2:
                                    !- N O  LU 2: LU
                                    HI 2: _i  2 O' _l
                                    2: LU x  LU a: :'
   03 X
   _!LU
   C X
   2: -J
   LU>-
   XX
                                       >- r-4  x a. x
                                      • x —  i- cs a.
                                            i  LU
      LU,
o _i  i
2: - V o.-*o *o rs  i\ S3 co
                                                                                                 59

-------
 3:


 M
 X
 
tu

•c
H









fiS
z: x.
X <£
Z3 QC
W O
O
> vH
N
Ul N
M£ (^
« O-
H— ^4
2
M
i.
t
<
1
<











I
C
Q
U
£
:

;








ii
3
E
tl
>
: i-

x:
01 Ul M
U13--J
XT O
M OS -

Ul




3
^
1
t
3
•
o
en ui
Ul N
_i >-
0. _l
z: -    3     rj
PC. C5    ;V   i t^  tV t-t
UI H-i    CD Ul Z  Ul _!

£L.iIUi UiHUi  MXl-l
uu_i z:zcn  COHN



r-i r-i CM r-i CM ~-\  r-i r-i r-i
                                                                       60

-------
           x
            O
 !  Z  O O
 i  s-i  a
 i  H-  <£ O
 !
 i      a
u.     LU
c en j-
   LU CJ
       LU
                  LU
                  a
               to lu
               LU N
            -i  ^  • LU <£ LU fc- - a. i- _i a: -J
OLUO-_iooo cox x-
LU _!o_iaj ozxzztz _jia_ia.x^ LU x
2: xa:xi- a:Lucjo_io tuox->- i- _i •z. t-
LU" CJOCJLU^O"'" L^li.aiLUZZ_iNf^Xji_LU LU LU
x. M_!-I-I i-a: .j a.Lu a o sa 2: LULU >- 2:> !X cz JK oou
!- acxa:io:EO2:ou:i-io_iXXLUt- NLULUX a:xx
x m t- cs i- CM" u. o o; LU a; o a a; -x a-s-azj-izuZf-Luossa
0. Z 1 HH 1 ^OMO-JO-jOOXLU S3>- LU <£ LU Z 2: _1 i i
- -j x ai x -5— _ i i — i i xac£a:<:Lux<:. ~O i XXXUwLL.X-ZS- iXOZ^CJXS
LU Z C-4 CM T-I -rt _i r-4 C-J 1- CJ i-i _i O fl. i- ~ >- i IU <• t- 12 LU -1 M CL ^
r_3ijj BV >. ^ a^x =» J LUJ-iaixcci
-------
 (inorganic   toxic  pollutants  and  nonconventional   pollutants   had
 different   detection limits,  ranging from 0.5 ug/1 to 2000 ug/1).   The
 average   (mean),   median,   minimum,   and  maximum  values   also   are
 indicated.    For  many parameters in  ink wastewaters,  the average .value
 is  significantly  higher  than ,the  median  value.    This  is  caused,
 partly,  by  the  batch nature of;ink manufacture.   The  infrequent use of
 any  particular  pigment   containing a high level of  a toxic pollutant
 may result  in a large number  of wastewater batches with  a  relatively
 low concentration of that  pollutant,  and a few wastewater batches  with
 high  levels.   These high  levels  will proportionately influence the
 calculation of  the average, and have a small effect on the computation
 of  the median.  In the tables that follow,  pollutants which were never
 detected are not  listed.

 Table V-15  indicates the average untreated wastewater  characteristics
 from  the   ink  industry.   A total of 60 toxic pollutants were detected
 at  any level in one or more samples  although only 10  toxic  pollutants
 were  measured  at  above   10 'ug/1   (or above their  specific reported
 detection limit in the case of:metals)  in 50 percent  or  more  of   the
 samples.  They  were:
    TOKJC Pollutant

    Chromium
    Copper
    Lead
    Toluene
    Zinc
    Cyanide
    Tetrachloroethylene
    Methylene Chlorine
    Benzene
    Trichloroethylene
- Percent of time measured
 above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metals)

          100%
          100%
          100%
      •     75%
           73%
           70%
           63%
           63%
           63%
           50%
An    additional    12   toxic ' . pollutants    (chlorobenzene,   1,1,1-
trichloroethane,   1,1-dichloroethane,    chloroform,    ethylbenzene,
naphthalene, phenol, di (2-ethylh'exyl)/ phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate,
antimony,  cadmium,  and  mercury)  measured  above  10 - ug/1   (or the
specific detection limit) in 25 to 50 percent of all samples.
                                                                i „
                               I . •        •       I-        .   •••     "•     •„ .M
A summary of wastewater  characteristics  from  one  ink   plant  after
treatment  is presented in Table V-16.  Pollutant removal  calculations
will be presented in Section VII,  A total of 32 toxic pollutants were
reported in one or more treated ink effluent  samples  at  any  level.
Only  fifteen  toxic pollutants measured above 10 ug/1  (or above their
specific reported detected limit in the case of metals) in 50  percent
or more of the samples.  These were:
                                 62

-------
    _Toxic Pollutant

     Benzene
     Ethylbenzene
     Methylene Chloride
     Toluene-                  ,
     Cyanide
     Zinc           . •  _ '       .:
     Chromium
     Copper
     Lead
     Isophorone
     Naphthalene
     Phenol
     Di(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate
     Di-n-butyl phthalate
     Phenanthrene             :
Percent  of  time  measured
above 10 ug/1  (or  other
detection limit  for metals)
         100%
         100%
         100%
         100%
         100%
         100%
          50%
          50%
          50%
          50%
          50%
          50%
          50%
          50%
          50%
 To  properly   gauge  the   effect  of  intake  water on toxic pollutant
 occurrence, tap water was  sampled  at each ink plant.   These  data  are
 presented  in  Table V-17.   A total  of 41  toxic pollutants were detected
 at  any  level- in  one  or  more   samples.   However,  18 of these were
 organic toxic  pollutants that ^never measured above  10  ug/1.   Only  ten
.toxic  pollutants  measured  over  10 ug/1 (or their specific detection
 limzt) in  25  percent or more of  the samples.   These were:
    Toxic Pollutant

    Methylene Chloride
    chromium
    Copper
    Lead             '  -.   •   :
    Benzene                   ;
    Chloroform
    Dichlorobromomethane
    Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
    Mercury      .
    Zinc

Mass Loadings    ;             ;
Percent of time measured
above 10 ug/1 (or other
detection limit for metals^

          88%
          75%
          75%
          75%
          50%
          50%
          38%
          38%,
          33%
          25%
As discussed previously in .this section, according to  DCP  responses,
the  ink  industry  generates  approximately 0.15 million liters  (0.04
million gallons)  of process wastewater daily, of which  0.113  million
liters  (30,000 gallons) is discharged.  Table V-18 indicates the mass
                                 63

-------
                                       TABLE V-18
      PARAMETER
                            UNTREATED WASTEWATER
                                MASS LOADING

                                  AVERAGE
                               CONCENTRATION
                                                         KG/DAY
LBS/DAY
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT PARAMETERS;
                                 i

      BOD(MG-L)                  i
      TOTAL SUSP* SOLIDS(MG-L)   I

TOTAL CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS

NON-CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS      :

      COD(MG-L)
      TOC(MG-L)                  ;
      OIL & GREASE(MG-L)
      TOTAL SOLIDS(MG-L)
      TOTAL DISS, SOLIDS(MG-L)
      TOTAL VOLATILE SOLIDS(MG-L) \
      VOLATILE DISS. SOLIDS(MG-L)!
      TOTAL VOL. SUS. SOLIDS(MG-L')
      ALUMINUM                   [
      BARIUM
      IRON                       :
      MANGANESE
      CALCIUM(MG-L)              I
      MAGNESIUM(MG-L)            !
      BORON                      :
      COBALT
      MOLYBDENUM
      TIN
      TITANIUM                   i
      VANADIUM
      YTTRIUM
      SODIUM                     i

TOTAL NON-CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS-

METAL PRIORITY POLLUTANTS        i
  114
  115
  117
  118
  119
  120
  121
  122
  123
  124
  125
  126
  127
  128
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BERYLLIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
CYANIDE
LEAD
MERCURY
NICKEL
SELENIUM
SILVER
THALLIUM
ZINC
19804
991
1890,0 KG/DA Y<
39819
9874
622
11351
11244
10870
11882
341
40926
19792
29454
505
962
93
553
396
55990
349
1479
131
156
2559
8810 KG/DAY
613
384
8
44
35271
17138
161
151009
131
261
384
8
371
4080
1796*
90*
4160,0 LBS/HAY)
3611.
895.
56,
1029.
1020,
986,
1077,
31.
3,711
1 . 795
2,671
0.046
87 .
8.
0.050
0.036
5.077
0.032
0.134
0.012
0.014
0.232
( 19400 LBS/DAY)
0.056
0.035
0.001
0.004
3.198
: 1.554
0,015
13,694
0,012
0.024
0.035
0.001
0,034
0,370
(3959, ' )
( 198, )
,
(7961, )
<1974, )
( 124. )
(2269, )
(2248, )
(2173, )
(2375. )
( ' 68. )
( 8.182)
( 3.957)
( 5,888)
( 0,101)
( 192, )
( 19, )
( 0,111)
( 0,079)
( 11.194)
( 0.070)
( 0.296)
( 0,026)
( 0,031)
( 0.512)

( 0.123)
( 0.077)
( 0,002)
( 0,009)
( 7,051)
( 3,426)
( 0 , 032 )
( 30.190)
( 0,026)
( 0.052)
( 0,077)
( 0,002)
( 0,074)
( 0,816)
TOTAL METAL PRIORITY  POLLUTANTS
                                 19,0 KG/DAY(  42.0 LBS/DAY)
                                   64

-------
                                       TABLE V-1S 
  ' PP PARAMETER
ORGANIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS

    4 BENZENE
    6 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
    7 CHLOROBENZENE
   10 li-2-niCHLORQETHANE
   11 irljl-TRICHLOROETHANE
   23 CHLOROFORM       ,
   29 If1-DICHLORQETHYLENE
   38 ETHYLBENZENE,
   44 METHYLENE CHLORIDE
   51 CHLORQDIBROMOMETHANE
   54 ISOPHORONE
   55 NAPHTHALENE
   64 PENTACHLORQPHENOL
   65 PHENOL     .   ''            .
      TOTAL PHENOLS
   66 DK2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE:
   68 ni-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
   69 DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
   70 DIETHYL PHTHALATE
   78 ANTHRACENE
   85 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
  , 86 TOLUENE
   87 TRICHLOROETHYLENE

TOTAL ORGANIC PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
UNTREATED WASTEWATER
    MASS LOADING

      AVERAGE PERCENT
       CONC.  OCCUR.
368
96
278
89
560
37
15
4151
950
43
44000
16
' 655
121
235
12520
188
3600
25
12
1250
1617
1841
75
12
25
25
25
50
37
37
62
12
12
50
25
62

87
75
12
12
37
' 62
87
50
KG/DAY
LBS/DAY
0.025 (
0.001 <
0.006 (
0 . 002 (
0.013 (
0,002 <
0,001 <
0,139 (
0.053 (
0.000 (
0.479 (
0,001 <
0,015 (
0,007 (
0 , 021 (
0,988 <
0.013 (
0,039 <
0,000 <
0,000 <
0,070 (
0.128 <
0.083 (
0.055)
0.002)
0.014)
0.004)
0.028)
0.004)
0.001)
0.307)
0.118)
0.001)
1.056)
0.002)
0.033)
0,015)
0,047)
2.178)
0.028)
0.086)
,0,001)
0,001)
0,155)
,0,281)
0.184)
       2.2 KG/DAY(  4.8 LBS/DAY)
POLLUTANTS PRESENT AT LESS THAN 0.001 KG/DAY ARE NOT LISTED

AVERAGE CONCENTRATION IN UG/L UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
                                     65

-------
loading from the ink industry for each  conventional,  nonconventional
and toxic pollutant, based on an industry flow of 0.092 million liters
 (24,000   gallons)   daily,   and  the  average  untreated  wastewater
characteristics from Table V-15.  The effluent flow of  92,000  liters
daily  reflects comments made by NAPIM concerning the DCP responses to
wastewater flow questions.

The ink industry discharges approximately 1900 kg/day  (4200 Ib/day) of
conventional   pollutants    (BOD   and   TSS).    The   discharge   of
nonconventional  pollutants  is  8800  kg/day (19,400 Ib/day); that of
inorganic toxic pollutants is 19 kg/day   (42  Ib/day).   The  industry
also  discharges  approximately  2.2  kg/day  (4.8  Ib/day) of organic
pollutants.  It should be noted,  however,  that  different  pollutant
classes  may  count  the  same!materials more than once.  For example,
some organic or inorganic toxic pollutants may be detected and counted
by the analysis for BOD, COD, and/or solids,
                               I :          .     '       '          :
Resampling                          ,                  '-.'•.
                               I !'
Most of the ink industry sampling was conducted between September 1977
and January 1978.  During that |time  span  EPA  contract  laboratories
were  badly  overloaded, and consequently some of the samples were not
extracted promptly, and some of the samples were not  analyzed  within
the  recommended  time  limitsJ   To  ascertain whether the subsequent
analyses were accurate, the Agency chose two  plants  for  resampling.
During  September 1978, one sample of untreated and treated wastewater
and tap water was taken from one plant and  untreated  wastewater  and
tap  water  was  taken  from  the second plant to compare with the old
data.   The untreated wastewater comparisons for conventional and toxic
pollutants for  these  plants  |aire  presented  in  Table  V-19.   Both
samplings  showed  general  agreement  for the presence or abscence of
most organic toxic  pollutants,;  although  there  was  often  a  large
difference  in the quantitative value indicated. This is caused partly
by the batch nature of ink manufacture and wastewater  treatment,  and
partly  by  the  essentially random selection of batches approximately
one year apart.   The  inorganic  toxic  pollutants  showed  tendences
similar to the organics*    .   i
                                 66

-------
                                                 TABLE V-19  .

                                     RESULTS OF RESAMPLING AT TWO PLANTS
                                              (One Year Interval)
Plant No. • . ;
Batch , '
/ Conventional Pollutants ::
• ' pH
BOD (mg/1) 27,
TSS (mg/1) 1,
Inorganic Toxic Pollutants: !,
114 Antimony ' 1,
115 Arsenic :. , L
117 Beryllium L
118 ' Cadmium
119 Chromium 115,
120 Copper
121 Cyanide
122 Lead 120,
123 Mercury , '
124 Nickel . , ' L,
125 * Selenium L
•126 Silver ' L
127 Thallium L
128 Zinc ,3,
Organic Toxic Pollutants '
1 Acenaphthene • •
4 Benzene
6 Carbon tetrachloride •
7 Chlorobenzene . •• '
8 l,2,4-Trichloroben2:ene
10 1,2-Dichloroethane
11 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
13 1,1-Dichloroethane
21 1,4,6-Trichlorophenol
22 Parachlorometa Crestol
23 Chloroform
25 1,2-Dichlorobenzene ' '}
29 1,1-Dichloroethylene
30 1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene . •
32 1,2-Dichloropropane
.34 2,4-Dimethylphenol.
35 2,4rDinitrotoluene
36 2 , 6-Dinitrotoluene ' '
37 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
38 Ethylbenzene
39 Fluoranthene
42 Di (2-rchloroisopropyl) Ether ,
44 Methylene Chloride
49 Trichlorofluoromethane
51 Chlorodibromome thane
54 Isophorone
55 Naphthalene
62 N-nitrosodiphenylamine '
64 Pentachlorophenol
65 Phenol
66 Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
67 Butyl benzyl Phthalate
68 Di-N-butyl Phthalate
70 Diethyl Phthalate
71 . Dimethyl, Phthalate ' j
72 1,2-Benzanthracene i.
78 Anthracene ;
80 Fluorene
81 Phenanthrene L
84 Pyrene
85 Tetrachloroethylene 2,
86 Toluene
37 Trichloroethylene 2,
90 Dieldrin

A

8.5
500
155

275
25
10
30
000
600
91
000 '
39
50
25
10
10
000

-
45
96~
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-- -
-
-
-
-
1
. - .1
-
-
-

- .
ND
- ,
•-
-
23
• -

-
510
• -
260
25
-,
-
-
-
10 . -
-
900
-
300
'-
7






L
L
' L



L

L

L

L


L
L


I,




L

L
L
L

L
L
L
L

• L
L

L


L
, "L

L
L

- L

L

, ' 1


L



L

B

6
9,900
2,100

2,000
2,000
1
19
3,690 *
3,120
1
14,100
1
1 65 '
2,000
4
2,000
2,550

10
10
-
27
10
169
1,000 .
33
.
10
19
10
10
10
22
10
10
10
10
,254
10
10
2,900
10
'-
•
10
10
-
10
10
ND
10
ND
10
_
10
ND
ND
10
3,100
6,000
5,000
10
22
A

13 - .
21,000
1,600

L 25
L 25 .
L 10
90 -
10,000 v
10,000
330 . ,
90,000
. L 5
L 50
L 25
L ' 10
L 10
1,000
.
-
.'
—
-
-
L 10
"
-
-
_
L 10
_
_
_
-
-
_

7,600
•
•
-
ND
_
- - .
44,000
ND
-
-
L . 10 .
L 10
-
. ND '
' -
-
'
.
.
ND
' -
_ .
L 10 ,.
-
- ' •

B

NR
NR
NR

L 2,000
L 2,000
L 10
160.
38,100
62,800
,NR
150,000
NR
2,410
L 2,000
L 10
.L 2,000
2,530.

. ND
220
_
' 530
_
-
"
,
L 10
•
ND
_
_
, _

_
ND
_
.. _
6,700
_
_
• 45
_
43
ND
17
'
L 10
, -
L 10
L 10
L 10 •
_
L 10
. L . 10
ND
L 10
_

22
3,000
-

A - First sample, fall 1977;  B - Resampling, fall 1978.
    All results are for untreated wastewater and are in ug/1 unless'otherwise noted.
Notes:
        Blanks or ND indicate not detected; NR indicates not run; L - less than.
        Organic  Toxic   pollutants not listed indicate not detected or less than 10 for all six plants.
                                         67

-------

-------
                              SECTION VI

                  SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
INTRODUCTION
The  purpose  of the BAT review of the ink industry is to evaluate the
occurrence and impact of toxic pollutants in the  untreated,  treated,
and  sludge  streams  generated  within ink plants.  The list of toxic
pollutants, which represents1 the focus of the program,  was  developed
as a result of the Settlement Agreement,  Appendix A of the Settlement
Agreement  lists  65 classes of pollutants to be considered in the BAT
revision for 21 industries, which EPA later expanded to 129 particular
compounds.  Appendix E presents 129  pollutants  which  represent  the
toxic, or,"priority", pollutants addressed in this study.

The  BAT  review  also  included  the  evaluation  of conventional and
selected  nonconventional  pollutant  parameters.   The   conventional
parameters  included  in  the  study were pH, BOD, oil and grease, and
total suspended solids  (TSS).   Nonconventional  parameters  included
COD, and TOC.   :            .                  ..-'•'             '

In  addition,  a  number  of  other  nonconventional  parameters  were
evaluated on an incidental basis either  because  their  analysis  had
been included in ICP (Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma)  multiple metal
analysis  (see Appendix I for a detailed explanation of this method) or
because  the  parameter  is an important element in ink manufacture or
physical-chemical  treatment  of  ink  wastewater.   These,  additional
pollutants  included  aluminum,  barium, boron, calcium, 'cobalt, iron,
magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and
yttrium.                     '                    ,

This section presents the techniques^used to identify toxic pollutants
in the ink industry.                  '  -

METHODOLOGY                  !

Prior to the various EPA  studies  of,  the  ink  industry,  relatively
little  historical data had been developed for toxic pollutants.  Some
limited analyses of inorganic toxic pollutants had been completed^ but
for  the  most  part  historical  data  focused  on  conventional  and
nonconventional  pollutants.   The  Agency  established  a  three-step
methodology to develop toxic pollutant data:

    1.   raw materials evaluation;
    2.   industry wide raw materials survey; and
    3.   screening sampling.
                                 69

-------
Raw Materials Evaluation       ;

By studying the raw  materials jof  the  industry,  EPA  was  able  to
establish  information  about  the distribution of toxic pollutants in
ink waste streams.  This is a consequence of the way ink products  are
produced and ink wastewater is generated.
                               i  ''•..        •   •'
Ink is generally manufactured by blending raw materials; consequently,
no   thermodynamic  changes  occur   (except  for  occasional  heat  of
solution)  and  no  by-products } are  formed.   Instead,  ink  is  made
according  to  a  predetermined;  formula  or  recipe  without chemical
reaction or change.  Similarly,  ink  plant  wastewater  is  generally
produced in a straightforward way.  When required, production tubs and
other  manufacturing  vessels ate washed clean of residue or clingage,
using water, caustic or solvent.  The  spent  cleaning  material  thus
becomes  laden  with  the  material cleaned out. of the tank, which, in
turn, is composed of the raw materials  making  up  the  ink  product.
Determining the possible toxic pollutants in the waste streams is thus
a matter of pinpointing the raw materials and toxic pollutants used in
manufacturing ink.

There   are  four  primary  sources  of  ink  industry  raw  materials
information:                   ;

    1.   The National Paint and! Coatings Association (NPCA)
         Raw Material Indexes  (26, 27, 28) ;
    2.   Information supplied by raw materials vendors;
    3.   The Colour Index  (9) ; [and
    4.   The National Printing jink Research Institute (NPIRI)
         Raw Materials Handbook  (7, 8)
                               i   ,.-•;.,           I
The Agency identified 39  toxic|  ,pollutants  as  constituents  of  raw
materials  used  in  ink  manufacture.   Table  VI-1 lists those toxic
pollutants that were identified;,  and  their  occurrence  in  ink  raw
materials.                     '•
                               i                                  "•   '
Raw Materials Survey

The  next  step  in ascertaining the extent of toxic pollutants in the
ink industry was a survey of the industry  to  determine  the  use  of
specific  raw  materials  associated  with  specific toxic pollutants.
Section G, Raw Materials, of the Data Collection Portfolio   (DCP)  was
designed to obtain this information and was organized-according to the
four broad areas of raw materials used in ink manufacture:

         Pigments and Dyes, Flushes and Dispersions;
         Chemical Specialties;
         Resins; and                                  :
         Solvents
                                 70

-------
                            '   TABLE VI-1

                        OCCURRENCE OF TOXIC  POLLUTANTS
                              IN INK RAW MATERIALS
Toxic Pollutant
Antimony ,
Cadmium
Copper
.Chromium
Lead
Nickel : ,
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Zinc

Pigments
& Dyes
X
X
''X
X
x
X

X
X
, ' X
Occurrence in Raw Materials
Chemical . '
Specialties Resins Solvents




X
X
J X


x.
Phenols  •'    •    :
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene     !  ,
Isophordne
di-(2-Ethylhexyl)  Phthalate
Butylbenzyl Phthalate
di-N-Butyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
3-3' Dichlorobenzidine
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Methyl Chloride  •
Methylene Chloride
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride,  :
Vinylidine Chloride
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Chlorobenzene              ,
1,3-Dichloropropylene
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Pentachlorophenol
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
di-(2-Chloroethyl)  Ether

Sources:  7,8,9,26,27,28
              X
                          X
                          X
                          X
                          X
                          X
              X
              X
              X
              X
              X
X
                          X

                          X
                          X
                          X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                      X
                                 -71

-------
Raw  materials  within  these  |areas  were  grouped  according  to the
occurrence  of  toxic  pollutarits.   For  example,  all   plasticizers
containing   diethyl  phthalate,  or  all  green  aqueous  dispersions
containing chromium used in ink were grouped.  Within each generic raw
material designation, EPA listed the major manufacturers1 trade  names
as  an  aid to respondents who 'might not be familiar with the chemical
constituents of the raw materials in their products.  Space  also  was
provided so that respondents could indicate additional trade names for
toxic pollutant-bearing raw materials used in their products.

The criteria for including raw materials in the DCP were:

    1.   The raw material  itself  is   a  solvent  such  as  benzene,
         toluene  or chemical specialties such as di-n-butyl phthalate
         or asbestos.          |

    2.   The raw material is known to contain toxic pollutants,  i..e.,
         white lead, zinc oxide, chrome orange, etc.

    3.   The raw material is commonly thinned with, or contains, toxic
         pollutants that are solvents, i.e., polyamids soluble in,  or
         containing, toluene.

    4.   The raw material is synthesized from other raw materiails that
         are toxic pollutants, ii.e., dichlorobenzidine-derived aqueous
         dispersions.          \

Although for the last item listed  above   (raw  materials  synthesized
from  toxic  pollutants)  there is  no  firm  evidence that the toxic
pollutant is present in the raw material,  these  raw; materials  were
included  because  of the possible carry over of  small residues of the
toxic pollutant.

Responses to the DCP indicated;that  32 toxic pollutants identified  in
the  literature  review  are  tised   at  one time  or another in the ink
industry.  Since many of the raw materials included   in  the  DCP  can
contain more than one toxic pollutant, the Agency was unable to obtain
unambiguous  counts  for the occurrence of particular  toxic pollutants.
A conservative approach was taken  because  of  this.   When  the  DCP
response  did  not   indicate clearly which toxic  pollutant was in use,
the Agency made two counts -  pne  including  neither,  one  including
both.   This  gave   a  maximum'and minimum count  for  toxic pollutants.
Fifteen plants did not check any boxes in the survey.  It is not clear
whether these responders use none  of  the  listed  raw  materials  or
whether they did not fill out the questionnaire completely.

The  range  of  plants using raw materials containing particular toxic
pollutants appears in Table VI-r,2.  The most  common   toxic  pollutants
                                  72

-------
found  in  ink  raw  materials are chromium, lead, toluene and phenol.
Thirty-two of these toxic pollutants were indicated by  at  least  one
plant.  Eight  of  the  raw materials containing toxic pollutants were
used by more than 100 plants, and 16 raw materials  were  used  by  at
least 30 plants.

Sampling Program      -        „

EPA  designed  the sampling program to generate information that could
characterize the nature,  distribution,  and  concentration  of  toxic
pollutants  in ink wastewater.  Further, the sampling program aimed to
gather  information  about  the  efficiency  of   common   end-of-pipe
treatment  systems, not only to remove toxic pollutants, but to reduce
the concentration of classical pollutants.   Detailed  information  on
sampling  and  analytical procedures used and specific data on samples
collected are included in Appendix F.

In  selecting  sites  for  sampling,  the  Agency   looked   for   ink
manufacturing  plants  that  were  representative not only of industry
production methods and product "lines, but also of  wastewater  genera-
tion  and  treatment  techniques.  The following criteria were used in
the selection process:  ,

Plant Location               |.

The logistics and costs of the anticipated sampling  program  required
EPA to arrange multiple sampling visits within concentrated industrial
zones.   Table VI-3 summarizes the distribution of ink plants in major
metropolitan areas.-  Ink plants located within these areas were  given
preference in the selection process.  -

Plant Size

Although  very  small plants outnumber others in the ink industry, the
Agency decided not to sample at plants with less than  ten  production
workers.   The  rationale for;this decision was based on the fact that
these ink plant operations do not differ significantly  from  the  ink"
industry  as  a  whole.   Because  ink manufacture is a batch process,
using relatively small mixing vessels, small  plants  duplicate  large
plant operations precisely, differing only in scale.  Plant inspection
visits confirmed this.                      ,
                                 73.

-------
                             TABLE  VI-2
                TOXIC POLLUTANTS  FOUND IN RAW MATERIALS
                     USED BY THE INK INDUSTRY

                Responders Indicating Usage of Raw Materials Containing
                          Specific ToxieJBoll-nltants
Toxic Minimum
Pollutant No. of Plants
Antimony
Cadmium
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Phenol
Mercury
Pentachlorophenol
Vinyl Chloride
3,3 -Dichlorobenzid ine
Di-2 Ethylhexyl Phthalate
Di-N-butyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Isophorone
Carbon Tetrachloride
1/1/1 Trichloroe thane
1,1,2 Trichloroethane
Chloroform
1/2 Dichlorobenzene
Methylene Chloride
Tri chloroe thy lene
Methyl Chloride
Tetrachloroe thy lene
4
92
10
325
256
3
2
59
151
188
' 2 ',
8
193
393
i24
129
;26
134 '
J15
• i 9
225
33
;30
1
41
1
; i
i
:i3
32
; *
;14
Maximum
Percent No. of Plants Percent
2.9
20
2.2
70.7
55.7
0.7
0.
12.8
32.8
40.9
0.4
1.7
20.2
85.4
27.0
28.0
5.7
7.4
3.3
2.0
48.9
7.2
6.5
0.2
8.9
0.2
0.2
0.2,
2-8
7.0
*
3.0
50
93
354
377
400
268
2
277
159
222
2
8
93
393
124
129
26
34
15
9
253
33
30
1
41
1
1
1
13
67,
86
14
10.9
20.2
77.0
82.0
87.0
58.3
0.4
60.2
34.6
48.3
0.4
1.7
20.2
85.4
27.0
28.0
5.7
7.4
3.3
2.0
55.0
7.2
6.5
0.2
8.9
0.2
0.2
0.2
2.8
14.6
18.7
3.0
*Minimum usage of methyl chloride  could not be  determined.
Source:  DCP
                            74

-------
                               TABLE VI-3
        DISTRIBUTION OF INK  PLANTS IN MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS
Metropolitan
   ' Area	

New Yor k / New Jer s ey

Ghidago            -

Los Angeles

Atlanta      ', , .

San Francisco

Dallas

Cleveland

St. Louis

Miami

Detroit

Houston       .

Louisville
Number of
Ink Plants

     40

     44

     31

'.     18

     15

     14

     11

     10

      7

      6

      4

      4
Source:  DCP
                                 75

-------
Wastewater Treatment
                               I '                 *
EPA  made every effort to choose plants that operated end~of-pipe pipe
wastewater  treatment  systems,  and  that  encompassed  all  existing
wastewater  treatment  types.   Untreated  wastewater  loads  at these
plants were expected to be equivalent to untreated wastewater loads at
similar plants without treatment.                     ;

A significant proportion  (51 percent) of the DCP respondents indicated
that they did not discharge any wastewater.   These  plants^ fit  into
several categories, including:  plants using only solvent-wash, plants
practicing  complete wastewater reuse, and plants contract hauling all
wastewater  or  spent  caustic.;   Other  plants  indicated  that  they
produced  or discharged very little wastewater.  As a result, in order
for a plant to be selected for 'sampling, it would have to  generate  a
reasonable volume of wastewater^.

Some  plants indicated that they had taken samples of their wastewater
over a period  of  time,  thus  developing  background  on  wastewater
quality.    Because   this  historical  data  could  supply  important
substantiation, EPA tried to sa:mple at these plants.

Toxic Pollutants                                      ;          .....:

As previously stated, a goal  of  the  raw  materials  survey  was  to
provide  information about the idistribution of toxic pollutants in ink
wastewaters.   The. survey  established  that  39  of  the  129  toxic
pollutants  could  be  expected to occur at one time or another in ink
wastewater.  Consequently, in choosing  sampling  plants,  the  Agency
tried  to  select  operations that utilized raw materials containing a
maximum number of toxic pollutants.

Direct Dischargers

EPA knew from the outset  that practically  no  ink  plants  discharged
process wastewaters; nevertheless, the Agency hoped to sample at least
a few direct dischargers.  Unfortunately, no ink plants discharging to
navigable waters were located. \ •

Selection of Sampling Sites    :

The  sampling  plant  selection  was  accomplished  in a step fashion.
Initially, plants  were   selected  if  they  had  indicated  on  their
questionnaires  that  they treat or  condition their wastewater in some
way before  disposal.   This  selection  yielded  a  preliminary  list
containing  23  ink  plants.   ;A  supplementary  selection  of  plants
treating their  wastewater  before   reuse  yielded  an  additional  13
preliminary sampling site candidates.
                                  76

-------
 Al-fclx>ugh  the  total  of 35 sampling candidates derived from the above
 selection criteria would  appear  to  have  been  sufficient  for  the
 purpose  of selecting ink sampling plants-/ when the list was presented
 to NAPIM for their review  and  comments,  several  deficiencies  were
 discovered.    Perhaps  the  most  serious drawback to the list was the
 tact that it did;not adequately encompass  the  five  major  types  of
 printing ink manufacturing plants:       '

          Exclusively paste ink             >
  \  -    Paste ink plus water flexo
          Liquid inks,  mostly solvent
          Heterogeneous (broad paste and liquid product mix)
          Specialty (e.g.,  screen processes)

 Additionally,   it  was  suggested that the sampling program be limited
 only to those  ink plants with more  than twenty employees.  As a result
 of these industry  comments  and suggestions,  NAPIM  volunteered  to
 submit   an  alternate   list  of ink sampling plant candidates based on
 factors considered important by the industry,  as well as including the
 five categories and having twenty or more employees.   After  extensive
 review,   the   NAPIM  sampling list  was eventually adopted as the basis
 for  screening  sampling.    The  list  did  not  reflect  either   the
 geographic   distribution of ink plants or the  various types of end-of-
 pipe treatment in the  industry.   EPA concluded however, that the NAPIM
 list was  at  least as representative as the initial list and,  in  some
 respects, was  more appropriate.                               :   .  -  -

 TOXIC POLLUTANTS                             ,  ,  '               '.-  .

 EPA   grouped   the   toxic pollutants covered  in this study according to
 the  following  components::                  ,        •  ,

         Pesticides;
         Polychlorinated Biphenyls  (PCB's) ;
         Phenolic  Compounds;
     -    Volatile  Organic Compounds;
         Semi-Volatile Organic  Compounds;  and
         Inorganic  Compoxmds  :                 •••.>'

 The basis for this  breakdown  is chemical  similarities and methods   of
 analysis  within each group.  Each  group's impact  on  ink wastewater  is
discussed in the following  sections.
          •         ••        ,.        '" '    '        f •       '•'         •
Pesticides and Metabolites        .

 , - • aldrin  '••'..';     ' •    .            ...'••    . '  '<   .   . .     ....
    dieldrin     •             ;
    chlordane  (technical mixture and metabolites)
    4,4« - DDT                                            ,
                                 77

-------
    4,4»  - DDE (p,p'DDX)    .
    4,4«  - ODD (p,p«TDE)
    a-endosulfan               <: .
    b-endosulfan               '
    endosulfan sulfate         ,
    endrin                     :
    endrin aldehyde            ;
    heptachlor                 :                                  '    ,
    heptachlor epoxide
    a-BHC  (hexachlorocylohexane)
    b-BHC  (hexachlorocylohexane)              .
    c-BHC  (hexachlorocylohexane)
    d-BHC  (hexachlorocylohexane)
    toxaphene

Pesticides are not part of any raw materials used in ink  manufacture.
Occasional  use  of  these materials in some ink plants for fumigation
purposes has been reported.  All  occurrences  of  pesticides  in  ink
wastewater  samples  were  at less than 10 ug/1.  Out of eight raw ink
wastewater samples analyzed for pesticides, only  dieldrin  was  found
once  at   less  than  10 ug/1.  Two other pesticides, a-BHC and  c-BHC,
occurred at less than 10 ug/1 once each in a tap water sample.

PCB'S       .                   ;            "              .

None of the PCB mixtures included in the toxic pollutant listings were
detected in any sample analyzed during this study.  The raw  materials
evaluation similarly did not uncover any use of these materials  in ink
manufacture.   However, it should be noted that specific PCB compounds
may nevertheless be present in  ink wastewaters.       ;

The PCB's  on the toxic pollutant list are actually mixtures of various
PCB compounds ranging from monochlorobiphenyl  to  octochloroblphenyl.
As  such,  a positive identification of a PCB would require observation
of a predetermined set of  gas  chromatogram . peaks  with  appropriate
relative   intensities.   However,  various PCB's are formed during the
synthesis  of two types of pigments commonly used in  ink  manufacture:
diarylide  and phthalocyanine pigments.  In Appendix E of the Dry Color
Manufacturers  Association comments regarding proposed rules for their
industry  (24), the following evaluation of PCB compounds in  diarylide
and phthalocyanine pigments was presented.
                               !       -   •    '               '          " '
"For   diarylide   pigments,   'the   source  of  the  PCB's  is  3,3'-
dichlorbenzidene  (sic), or its  reaction  product,  which  may  undergo
cleavage   at  the   (biphenyl) carbon-to,-nitrogen linkage to yield 3,3'
dichlorbiphenyl  (sic).  Indeed> this has been identified  as   the  PCB
present   in   diarylide  pigments.   In  the case of phthalocyanine the
source of  PCB is the trichlorbenzene  (sic)(TCB)  which  has   for many
years  been used as the solvent in the synthesis of the crude.   TCB  is
                                  78

-------
 not -the  only  solvent which may be used,  but it is  the  solvent  which
 has  been  most  widely  used historically.  It is believed that PCB's
 form by  the elimination of  hydrogen  chloride,  in  the  presence  of
 copper,   between  two  molecules of TCB.   In the case of phthalocyanine
 blue, many different PCB's are present,  since TCB is not a  chemically
 pure  material,  and contains\some amounts of dichloro and tetrachloro
 as  well  as trichlorobenzenes, and isqmers of each in addition."v
 Phenolic  Compounds

     phenol
     2-chlorophenol
     2 , 4-dich1oropheno1
     p-chlorometa  cresol
     2,4-dimethylphenol
     2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2- ni,tr ophenol
4-nitrophenol
2,4-dinitrophenol
4,6-dinitr0-0-cresol
pentachlorophenol (PCP)
total phenols
Only  one phenolic toxic pollutant  is  used  directly as  a  raw  material
in  ink manufacture.   That  compound is pentachlorophenol (PCP)  which is
used, as  a  preservative  in  some  ink formulations.  Approximately 1.7
percent of the respondents to the  Data,Collection  Portfolio  indicated
that  they used PCP.  'Other phenolic  toxic pollutant compounds are not
directly used  in  ink  manufacture,   but   some  occurrence  of  these
materials  was  expected   by  virtue of the approximately 45 percent of
the industry using phenolic resins.

PCP occurred in two of eight  ink .untreated wastewater  samples  (range,
less  than  10 .to 1300 ug/1).  Phenol also occurred frequently in ink
wastewaters.  Found in five of eight  samples,  untreated  wastewater
levels  ranged  from  less than   10   to   536  ug/1.    A single phenol
measurement of 18 ug/1 was reported  in a  treated  effluent  sample.
Three    other .  * phenolic   compounds,    2,4-dimethylphenol,    2,4,6-
trichlorophenol and parachlorometacresol were  found once in  untreated
wastewater samples at less than 10  ug/1.   2,4-dichlorophenol was found
"in  one effluent sample, cilso  at less  than  10 ug/i.

Total phenols occurred frequently  in  all waste samples  analyzed during
the screening  program.   Raw wastewater total phenol  ranged from less
than 1 mg/1 to 700 mg/1 with  an average of 235 mg/1.   Treated effluent
total phenol ran from 30 mg/1 to 400  mg/1  with an  average of 215 mg/1.

Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants

Halomethane s

    bromoform (tribromomethane)                                  _
    carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
    chloroform (trichlorqmethane)             ,
    chlorodibromomethane      I
                                 79

-------
    dichlorodifluoromethane    ,
    dichlorobromomethane       ;                                  -
    methyl bromide (bromomethane)
    methyl chloride (chloromethane)
    methylene chloride  (dichlorOmethane)
    trichlorofluoromethane     j

Halomethanes,  consisting  of  methane  molecules  with  one  or  more
hydrogen  replaced  by a halogeh  (chlorine, bromine, etc.) are used_as
solvents, aerosol propellants op  for medicinal purposes.  In  the  ink
industry,   only  four  of  these  pollutants,  carbon  tetrachloride,
chloroform, methyl chloride, and  methylene chloride were found  to  be
raw materials  (used as solvents;).

Although  only  0.2 percent of the DCP  respondents indicated that they
use chloroform, four of eight untreated wastewater samples were  found
to  contain  it   (range,  less   than 10 to 110 ug/1; median, 14 ug/1)-.
This is partially explained by the fact that nearly all  (six of ei
-------
    ctiloroetliane                                       :

 Three  of the  six chlorinated   ethanes  which   are   primarily  used   as
 solvents  were  identified  as being  used  in  ink manufacture.   The
 responses to  the  Data  Collection   Portfolio indicated  that  1,1,1-
 trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane  and  lrl,2-trichloroethane are used
 at  8.9  percent, 0.2 percent  and 0.2 percent.of all ink manufacturing
.sites, respectively.   Occurrence  of  these   chlorinated   ethanes   in
 analyzed  samples   roughly  followed  this trend-  1,1,1-trichloroethane
 was detected  in two of eight untreated wastewater  samples  (median,  560
 ug/1).  A single tap water  sample contained  1,1,1-trichloroethane   at
 less than 10  ug/1.

 1,2-dichloroethane  was  detected in two of eight  untreated wastewater
 samples  (median, 89 ug/1),  and in one of eight tap  water   samples   at
 less   than 10 ug/1.  Similarly, 1,1-dichloroethane was  found in  two of
 the nine untreated  wastewater  samples  (median, 21  ug/1)  but it was  not
 detected, in any tap water sample.  The only  other  occurrences  of  a
 chlorinated   ethane were   a   single detection at  less  than 10 ug/1 of
 1,1,2-trichloroethane in a  untreated wastewater,sample   and  a  single
 occurrence  of 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane in a single tap water sample,
 also at less  than 10 ug/1..  The  remaining  chlorinated ethanes were
 absent from any analyzed sample.

 Aromatic Solvents        •"'.-.•'

    benzene                  ,
    toluene (methylbenzene)
    ethylbenzene                                            r

 The  three aromatic solvents designated  as  toxic pollutants are  common
 raw materials used  throughout ;the ink industry, although some are used
 more extensively than others.  These materials are not   only  used   in
 ink  formulations   and as cutting solvents  for resins used in ink,  but
 also as a solvent for clean up.                                v

 Roughly 50  percent  of  all   Data   Collection  Portfolio   respondents
 indicated on  the raw^materials survey that  they use toluene or toluene
 containing    raw  materials  in  their   plants.    The   median toluene
 concentration in untreated wastes analyzed  for aromatic solvents   was
 580  ug/1.    The range was less than 10  ug/1  to 6,000 ug/1.   In  total,
 seven  of eight untreated wastewater  samples contained   toluene.   Four
 of  eight tap water samples contained toluene (range:   less than 10  to
 21 ug/1; median, less than 10  ug/1)  and a  single treated  effluent
 sample contained 1,100 ug/1 of toluene.

 Ethylbenzene, used by 7.2 percent of the DCP  respondents,  was found  in
 more than one-third of the untreated wastewater samples  (median, 5,500
                                 81

-------
ug/1)  and in one treated effluent samples (2,400 ug/1)  but not in any
tap water samples.             i

Benzene is not a frequently utilized aromatic solvent  with  only  2.0
percent  of  the  DCP  respondents  indicating it on the raw materials
survey.  However, six of eight ^untreated wastewater samples were found
to contain the solvent.  The median untreated wastewater level was 132
ug/1 with a range of less than 10 to 1,600 ug/1.  Five  of  eight  tap
water samples contained this solvent  (range, less than 10 to 135 ug/1;
median,  40 ug/1), and it was f|ound in a treated wastewater sample (96
ug/1) .

Chloroalkyl Ethers

    di (chloromethyl) ether    ;
    2-chloroethyl vinyl ether  ;

These two materials which are used in pharmaceutical  manufacture  are
not  used  in the ink industry,; nor were they detected in any cinalyzed
sample.                        I                         -

Dichloropropane and Dichloropropene

    1,2-dichloropropane        ; •                                ;
    1,3-dichloropropylene      ;
                               i
Neither of these two solvents which are used as dry cleaning agents or
soil fumigants were identified  as  raw  materials  used  in  the  ink
industry.   However,  1,2-dichloropropane  'was  found in one untreated
wastewater sample at 22 ug/1, but not in any other analyzed sample.

Chlorinated Ethylenes

    vinyl chloride             • '
    1,1-dichloroethylene      1
     1,2-trans-dichloroethylene|
    trichloroethylene
    tetrachloroethylene                                       „     .    .

Tetrachloroethylene is a common solvent used as  a  degreaser  or  dry
cleaning  fluid.   Identified by 3.0 percent of the DCP respondents as
in use at their plants, five of  eight  untreated  wastewater  samples
contained  tetrachloroethylene,  (median,   170  ug/1).  No tap water or
treated effluent  samples contained the solvent.

Trichloroethylene is used by alpout 10 percent of the DCP  respondents.
Pour  of  eight untreated wastewater  samples were found to contain the
solvent  (median,  1,172 ug/1) and two  tap water  samples  contained it
both  times  at   less than  10 ug/1.  Although not identified as an ink
                                  82

-------
raw material, 1,2-trans-dichloroet.hylene was  found   in   one   untreated
wastewater  sample  at less than 10  ug/1 but  not  in  any  other analyzed
sample.  Similarly, 1,1-dichloroethylene  which   is  not  an   ink   raw
material  was  found  in  ink  untreated  wastewater.    Three of eight
untreated wastewater samples  contained  1,1-dichloroethylene  (range,
less  than 10 to 25 ug/1; median, less than 10 ug/1)-  NO  tap water or
treated effluent samples contained this solvent.

Vinyl chloride was expected to occur in ink wastewater   by virtue   of
the  fact  that about 20 percent of the DCP respondents  indicated that
they use polyvinylchloride  (pyc) resins.  Although vinyl  chloride   is
the  monomer  used in polymerization of PVC,  no ink  wastewater samples
were found to contain this toxic pollutant.

Miscellaneous Volatile Organics

    acrolein
    acrylonitrile
    chlorobenzene

Neither acrolein nor acrylonitrile were identified   as   raw   materials
used  in  the ink industry.  Both of these pollutants were found: to be
absent from any analyzed samples.

Chlorobenzene is a chemical intermediate used in production of  phenol,
aniline  and  DDT.   Although  not  used  as  an  ink  raw   material,
chlorobenzene  was  found in two of eight untreated  wastewater  samples
(27 and 530 ug/1)  but not in any other analyzed samples.

Semi-Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants

Polynuclear Aromatics (PNA*s)

    acenaphthene
    acenaphthylene
    anthracene
    1, 2-benzanthracene
    3,4-benzofluoranthene
    11,12-benzofluoranthene
    3,4-benzopyrene
    1,12-benzoperylene        ;
    crysene
    1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
    fluorene
    fluoranthene ;
    indeno-(1,2,3-cd)  pyrene  -
    naphthalene
    phenanthrene              ,                 '.....
    pyrene                     ;
                                 83

-------
With  the  exception  of  naphthalene,  no  significant  incidence  of
polynuclear aromatics was found in ink wastewater nor are any of these
materials used as raw materials in the industry.

Naphthalene was detected in four of eight untreated wastewater samples
(range:  less  than  10 ug/1 t6 23 ug/1; median: 15 ug/1).  Similarly,
both effluent samples contained naphthalene   (less  than  10  and  110
ug/1) and it was found in one tap water sample at less than 10 ug/1.

The  following PNA's occurred once in ink untreated wastewater at less
than  10  ug/1:   acenaphthene„  chrysene,    fluorene,   and   pyrene.
Phenanthrene  and  fluoranthene occurred twice at less than 10 ug/1 in
untreated   wastewater.    Phenanthrene,   acenaphthene,   anthracene,
fluorene,  and 3,4-benzofluorajfithene all occurred once in tap water at
less than 10 ug/1.  Single treated wastewater samples  contained  less
than  10  ug/1  of  acenaphthene,  1,2  benzanthracene and anthracene.
Phenanthrene was measured in one effluent sample at 12 ug/1.   Finally
anthracene  was  found  in three of eight untreated wastewater samples
(range:  less than 10 to 16 ug/1) .
                                                      '
Chlorobenzenes                ,

    1,2-dichlorobenzene
    1,3-dichlorobenzene
    1,4-dichlorobenzene       ;
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene    ;                            ----,.:-
    hexachlorobenzene         j

No DCP respondent indicated usk of any of  the  chlorobenzenes  listed
above.   Two  of  the  chlorobenzenes  occurred in ink raw waterwater:
1,2-dichlorobenzene twice and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene once,  always  at
less  than 10 ug/1. 1,2-dichlorobenzene occurred once in tap water, at
less than 10  ug/1.   One  tap;  water  sample also  contained  1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene at below the detection limit.        :

Phthalate Esters              \
                              f                        i
    di  (2-ethylhexyl) phthalatje
    butyl benzyl phthalate
    di-n-butyl phthalate      |
    di-n-octyl phthalate      ;
    diethyl phthalate
    dimethyl phthalate        i  •

Phthalate   esters   are   synthetic   compounds   used  primarily  as
plasticizers.  In the ink  industry,  several phthalate  esters  were
indicated  as in use by varying percentages of DCP respondents: di  (2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate, 27 percent; di-n-butyl phthalate,  20  percent;
                                  84

-------
           pYvthalate,  5.7  percent;  diethyl phthalate, 7.4 percent.  All
 of the phthalate ester toxic pollutants were detected  at  least  once
 .during  the   screening sampling  program.   As  indicated  by the DCP
 responses,   di  (2-ethylhexyl)   phthalate  and  di-n-butyl   phthalate
 occurred  most  frequently  in  ink wastewater.  The first of these, di
 (2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate  was found in seven of eight  untreated  waste
 samples  (range,  less than 10 ug/1 to 87,000 ug/1).  Di (2-ethylhexyl)
 was also found in both treated  effluent samples (less than 10  and  19
 ug/1)   and in four of eight tap water samples (range:  Less than 10 to
 164 ug/1;  median:   47 ug/1).

 Di-n-butyl phthalate  was  found  in  six of  eight  untreated  wastewater
 samples.   The  concentration  range in these samples was between less
 than 10 ug/1  to 770 ug/1.   Both treated wastewater   samples  contained
 di-n-butyl   phthalate  at  less than 10 ug/1.  Four of eight tap water
 samples contained di-n-butyl  phthalate, both  also   at  less  than  10
 ug/1.     Four   other  phthalate  esters  occurred   in  ink  untreated
 wastewater:   butyl benzyl  phthalate  (once  at  less  than  10  ug/1)
 dimethyl  phthalate (once at  less  than 10 ug/1),  and diethyl phthalate
 (once at 25  ug/1).    A relatively  high  measurement  for  di-n-octyl
 phthalate  of  3,600   ug/1 in a single untreated wastewater sample was
 reported.

 Di-n-octyl phthalate  was  found  in  one effluent sample at less than  10
 ug/1  and diethyl  phthalate was detected in one tap water sample, also
 at  less than  10 ug/1.

 Since automatic samplers  were used at roughly half  of the plants where
 samples were   collected,   phthalate   ester   contamination   is   a
 possibility.    However,   phthalate esters were present in grab samples
 which did not  come  into contact with any material that might  leach  a
 phthalate ester contaminant.  ;

 Haloethers                    •

     di  (2-chloroethyl) ether  !      .       -
     di  (2-chloroisopropyl)  ether
     di  (2-chloroethoxy) methane
     4-bromophenyl phenyl  ether
     4-chlorophenyl  phenyl ether
                              i
 The  haloethers are synthetically  produced chemical  intermediates that
 are  sometimes  used  as  solvents.    None of  the   haloethers    were
 identified  as  in  use  as raw materials  in  the ink industry.   Single
 occurrences at  less than 10 ug/1 of  di (2-chloroisopropyl)   ether  and
 di    (2-chloroethyoxy)   methane  were    found  in   raw  and  treated
wastewaters,  respectively.  4-chloroephenyl phenyl ether was  measured
 in one tap water s.ample at 40 ug/1.
                                 85

-------
Nitrosamines

    N-nitrosodimethylamine
    N-nitrosodiphenylamine     >                       :
    N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

No  incidence of nitrosamine tdxic pollutants in ink raw materials has
been found in the literature.  'N-nitrosodiphenylamine was  found  once
at  less  than  10  ug/1  in  a untreated wastewater sample.  No other
incidence of a nitrosamine in an analyzed sample was reported.
                               i                 .    .  ,                 ,
                               I
Nitro-Substituted Aromatics Other than Phenols
	 	••-•"••• -—• -'  -  ' • ""   "~          - Tf       -I...... i....- --. i

    nitrobenzene               1
    2,4-dinitrotoluene         ! '
    2,6-dinitrotoluene

Dinitrotoluenes are chemical intermediates used in the  production  of
TNT.  No evidence of the use o£ these compounds in ink manufacture was
found   during   the   raw   materials   evaluations.   However,  both
nitrotoluenes were found once in untreated wastewater samples at  less
than  10  ug/1.   A  single  treated  effluent  sample  contained 2,4-
dinitrotoluene at less than 10iug/1.
                                                material  nor  was   it
Nitrobenzene was not identified as an ink  raw
detected in any analyzed sample»

Benzidine Compounds       •    \

    benzidine
    3,3'-dichlorobenzidine    ;

Benzidine  compounds  are  used  primarily in the manufacture of dyes.
Benzidine itself was not identified as an ink raw material nor was  it
detected   in   any   samples.!   However,  3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, was
identified as a raw material used in the manufacture of many  pigments
and  dyes  used  in  ink.   Additionally,  about 85 percent of the DCP
respondents said they use dichlorobenzidine derived dyes pr  pigments.
Although  it  was  suspected  jbhat this material might carry over as  a
contaminant in pigments or dyes used in ink, it was only found in  one
treated effluent sample at less than 10 ug/1.

Miscellaneous Semi-Volatile Organic Toxic Pollutants
-                           -  p-              ••

    1,2 diphenylhydrazine     |                       ;
    hexachloroethane          i
    hexachlorobutadiene
    hexachlorocyclopentadiene
    2-chloronaphthalene       l
                                  86

-------
    2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin  (TCDD)

These   materials   are   used   primarily  as  solvents  or  chemical
intermediates.  TCDD is a by-product produced during the synthesis  of
the  pesticide  2,4,5-T.  Of the miscellaneous semi-volatile organics,
only one, isophorone was identified as in  use  in  ink  manufacturing
operations.   Used  as  a  solvent, 6.5 percent of the DCP respondents
indicated isophorone on the  raw  materials  survey,   Isophorone  was
found  in one of eight untreated wastewater samples  (14,000 ug/1), one
of two treated effluent samples  (46 ug/1) and  in  one  of  eight  tap
water samples at below 10 ug/1.

Although  not  identified as a raw material, 1,2 diphenylhydrazine was
found in two untreated wastewater samples   (less  than  10  and  7,600
ug/1).

Inorganic Toxic Pollutants
    antimony
    arsenic
    asbestos
    beryllium
    cadmium
    chromium
    copper
    cyanide
lead   ;
mercury
nickel
selenium
silver
thallium
zinc
No asbestbs or asbestos containing raw materials were identified as in
use  in  any  ink manufacturing plant.  Coupled with the high costs of
asbestos analysis, no samples were collected or analyzed for asbestos.

Four inorganic toxic pollutants, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc were
found to be both contained in commonly used raw materials and to occur
at relatively high concentrations in  ink  wastewater.   For  each  of
these  toxic .pollutants,  average untreated wastewater concentrations
were  above  1,000  ug/1.   The  average  antimony  concentration   in
untreated wastewater was about ;600 ug/1.

Some  of  the  remaining  inorganic  toxic pollutants are contained in
common ink raw materials, but none of the untreated wastewater samples
were found to contain average concentrations greater than 400 ug/1 for
any of these pollutants.

Conventional Pollutant Parameters

Four conventional pollutant parameters  (BOD, TSS, oil and grease,  and
pH)   were  measured  in  ink wastewaters collected during the sampling
program.   BOD concentrations averaged 19,800  mg/1  in  untreated  ink
                                 87

-------
wastewaters  and  2,600  mg/1 ! in  treated  wastewaters.  For TSS, the
average untreated wastewater  and.  treated  wastewater  concentrations
were  990 mg/1 and 970 mg/1, respectively.  The average oil and grease
concentration was 622 mg/1 while the median pH value in untreated  ink
wastewater samples was 9.     j

Nonconventional Pollutant Parameters
                              ;
Among  the  nonconventional  pollutant  parameters analyzed during the
screening program, a number of materials  and  reagents  used  in  ink
manufacture  and  ink  wastewater  treatment  were measured.  Elements
found  in  ink  wastewater  treatment  that  were  measured   included
aluminum,  calcium,  iron  and  sodium.   Average untreated wastewater
concentrations for these elements ranged between  2.6  and  962  mg/1.
Other    inorganic    nonconventional   pollutant   average   influent
concentrations ranged between'130 ug/1  to  a  high  of  93  mg/1  for
magnesium.    COD  was  measured  at  39,800  mg/1  in  untreated  ink
wastewaters and 5800 mg/1 in treated wastewaters.
                                  88

-------
                              SECTION VII


                     •NTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
_Tjie_jna-jorityf of ink plants  that  discharge  wastewater  discharge  to
municipal   sewage  systems.    Frequently,   ink  process  wastewater is
diluted  before discharge with cooling water,  sanitary  wastewater  or
other waste   streams.    Gejie^ai^jke-O^^
                                                               of   ink
                  -to-pEfefcreat  their_wastewater_,^an-d	f.e.w	plantg__have

IN-PLANT WASTEWATER  CONTROL  STRATEGIES

Ink   plants  use   two   general   strategies  to  reduce  the  amount of
wastewater discharged to  the environment.   The first is to reduce  the
amount  of  wastewater  generated,   and the  second  to reuse as much
wastewater  as  possible  within plant processes.    The  amount   of
wastewater  generated is  influenced  by the water pressure used for tub
and equipment cleaning, the  degree of cleaning required, and  the  use
of dry cleaning techniques.   Some of these factors  have been discussed
in Section V  (see  Table V-4) .

Wastewater Reduction

Some  ink plants already utilize  methods to reduce overall water usage.
The amount of water  required to  clean large ink tubs can be reduced by
cleaning  the  tub  surfaces with a squeegee  prior  to rinsing.   Small
tubs  can be partially or  completely  cleaned with rags.    The  quantity
of wastewater from tub cleaning  can  also be reduced  by the use of high
pressure  water.   There are  several  commercial systems available which
consist of booster pumps, flow regulators  and   nozzles;   these  supply
low   volume,  high  pressure water  sprays which clean tubs as well or
better than hand-held hoses  using city water pressure,   in  a  shorter
time,  with  less  water.    As presented in Section  V,  the information
from  DCP responses indicates that there is a correlation between water
pressure and the amount of water required  for  tub  cleaning.    This
cross tabulation is  shown in Appendix C.

A  typical  cleaning procedure*  for  large  ink  tubs' consists of using a
garden hose with 40  to 60 psi water  for a  ten  minute rinse of a  15,000
liter (4,000 gallon)  mixing  tub.  This method  can generate up to 1,100
liters (300 gallons)  of wastewater.   The use of a high  pressure   (1200
to  1500  psi),  low volume  (19  liters per minute) spray system  on the
same tub after it  has been scraped clean of excess ink  generates  only
110   to  190  liters  (30 to 50  gallons) of water. The  lower volume of
wastewater will also have a  higher solids  content,   which  facilitates
                                 89

-------
eventual solids  recovery.   The  basic  equipment  for  a  high pressure  low
volume  wash   system  includes:   a 19 liter per minute (5 gal/m)  pump,
high pressure  hoses,  nozzles, !  one  inch  piping,   and  the  necessary
fittings   and  connectors.   The  cost of such a system  :for ink plants is
detailed in Section VIII.   A 'spray  pressure  of   1200  to  1500_  psi
achieves   the  maximum  cleaning  efficiency while  still maintaining a
margin  of  safety for plant personnel.  Hand-held wand nozzles,  as well
as  large fixed whirling nozzles, are both available for tub  cleaning.
The  wand   nozzles  also  can'be adapted for other  cleaning operations
within  a plant.   A permanent high pressure  wash system  with  enough
outlets to service the whole;production area can be  installed at very
large ink  plants.  Smaller plants can use portable  high pressure pumps
with flexible  hoses that can be moved from spot to  spot.
/                             |  •          :	...T... ,	:.;...-.- ... .. -  . ,_„„_, ,,
   other in-plant control measure already used by ink plants to  reduce
\wastewater generation"is "^fie sealing or ^elimination of f loot grains!
and trenches.  Plants that have no drains must  cbTlectglT" tub  rinse
water  (unless it is piped toithe treatment system  or disposal point),
which may  encourage them to reduce the volume of water used  for each
purpose.    Spills  must be picked up with shovels or'squeegees; floors
usually are mopped, vacuumed \or  cleaned  by  machine.   Where  floor
trenches exist,  there is a greater tendency to  hose down equipment  and
floors,   leading   to   greater   water  consumption  and  wastewater
generation.                  ;

Wastewater Recycle           :

Ink plants vary  considerably in their tub cleaning  practices and their
willingness  or   reluctance  to  recycle  wastewater.   Of   the   DCP
respondents  ,  158 plants indicated that they used a water rinse.   An
analysis  of the  tub cleaning and wastewater recycle procedures used by
these plants  is  presented in Table VII-1.  Of this  group,  60  percent
of the plants usually clean their tubs between batches, and 11 percent
of  the plants usually reuse their wastewater in subsequent batches of
 ink.  There are  no difference^   in reuse practices between  small plants
and large  plants, as shown onj Table VII-1.

Ink plants that practice causjtic rinsing of  tanks  also   can  recycle
s'ome  of   their   rinse water.;   As discussed in Section V,  most caustic
rinse systems recycle the caubtic cleaning solution.   The  subsequent
water  rinse   should be reuse&  to the greatest extent possible to make
up caustic solution'lost by  evaporation.   Package  caustic  cleaning
 systems  that  incorporate  cpmplete or partial recycle of rinse water
 are available from various vendors-  High  pressure  rinses  following
 caustic cleaning reduce wasteWater generation.
                                  90

-------
                                 TABLE VII-1

            FREQUENCY OF TANK CLEANING AND REUSE OF INK WASTEWATER
                     All Plants
                        Using
                    Water Rinse
Plants Producing
     100%
  Water—Base
Plants with   Plants with
Under 10 emp. Over 20 emp.
   Using         Using
 Water Rinse   Water Rinse
Frequency of Tub
Cleaning Between
Batches
  Always                10.8
  Most of time          48.7
  Occasionally          38.6
  Never             ,     0.6
  Not Answered           1.3

Reuse in Product
  Always  •      "        '5.1
  Most of time           5.7
  Occasionally          16.5
  Never                 68.4
  Not Answered           4.4

Reuse as Rinsewater
  Always                 8.2
  Most of time          17.7
  Occasionally         , 19.0
  Never                 48.1
  Not Answered           7.0

Source:  DCP
                                      Percent of Plants
      25.0
      33.3
      33.3
       0
       8.3
       0
       0
       8.3
      66.7
      25
       8.3
       8.3
       8.3
      50.0
      25.0
10.0
35.0
53.3
1-7
0
5.0
6.7
10.0
73.3
5.0
3.3
15.0
13.3
60.0
8.3
8.5
62.7
28.8
0
0
5.1
6.8
IB. 6
67.8
1.7
15.3
22.0
22.0
37.3
3.4
                                   91

-------
Wastewater Disposal           < '

Almost  all  ink plants that discharge process wastewater are indirect
dischargers.  The disposal  methods  used  by  ink  plants  for  their
wastewater  are presented on Table VII- 2.  The most common methods are
discharge to a sewer, contract hauling, evaporation  and  landfill  or
impoundment.   Only  four  plants  indicated  discharging  ink process '
wastewater directly to  a  receiving  stream.   Follow-up  with  these
plants,  however,  showed  th^t actually none were direct dischargers.
Several respondents  had  misinterpreted  the  questions,  and  others
discharged   only  noncontact  cooling  water.   Thirteen  ink  plants
indicated that they discharge Iprocess wastewater  to  a  storm  sewer,
which  can  be  considered  a ; method  of  direct discharge.  However,
follow-up with all 13 plants determined that all of the plants  either
misinterpreted   the   question  on  the  survey  or  discharged  only
noncontact cooling water to the storm sewer.  In summary, th§ire_j.re no .
known  lant5^^
Al together „  155  ink  plants discharge all of their wastewater and/or
spent caustic sludges by means of contract  hauling,  landfilling,  or
impoundment  on  plant  property.  Most contract haulers discharge the
sludge to a landfill, although a small number  incinerate  or  reclaim
it.   Thirty- one  percent  of' all   ink   plants  did not know what the
contract hauler does with their waste.
                              i                                 •
Another potential source of  Waste   from  the  ink  industry  is  off-
specification  ink  batches  or other nonsuitable or returned product.
Most plants attempt to rework; this ink into other products to save  as
much  of the raw materials as ; possible.   Other plants sell or give the
material to scavengers for reclaiming, or sell  the  ink  at  reduced
prices  as a lower quality material.  This waste source usually is not
discharged as a wastewater.   I

Some ink plants dispose of their wastewater  by  evaporation.   Forced
evaporation  may  be a wastewater disposal alternative for plants with
no  other viable choices.  Forced evaporation requires high   inputs  of
energy,  and may require extensive air pollution control devices.  Ink
wastewater with high solids  contents may  coat heat  exchanger surfaces
and reduce  operating  efficiency.   However,  where  excess steam is
available, this  process  may;  be  economically  comparable  to  other
disposal  methods.   This method also results in a  significant residue
or  sludge stream which requires contract  hauling.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

The most common methods used by ink  plants  for treating  or pretreating
wastewater prior to disposal are  gravity  separation or   settling,  and
neutralization.   Wastewater ' treatment   is  practiced by  less than 15
                                  92

-------
                                 TABLE VTX-2
                          WASTEWATEB. DISPOSAL METHODS
                                     All Plants
Plants Using Water Rinse
Number of
Disposal Method* Plants
Complete Reuse
Partial Reuse
Evaporation
Discharge to City Sewer
Discharge to Storm Sewer
Discharge to Receiving Stream
Impoundment of Plant Property
Incineration
Contract Hauling
Landfilled
Well or Septic Tank
14 '
45
34
138 :
13
4,
14'; .
2! -
123,
13
1
Percent of
Total
3.0
9.8
7.4
30.0
2.8
0.9
3.0
0.4
26.7
3.9
0.2
Number of
Plants
9
18
9
75
5
2
10
1
61
10
—
Percent of
Total
5.7
11.4
5.7
47.5
3.2
1.3
6.3
0.6
97
6.3
0
*Some plants indicated multiple disposal methods.




Source:  DCP
                                   93

-------
percent of all ink plants.  Few plants  employ  any  physical-chemical
treatment  or  biological  treatment.   No  ink  plants  use  advanced
wastewater   treatment   methods   such   as   activated    carbon   or
ultrafiltration.   Of  the plants that discharge their wastewater to a
municipal sewer, less than one-third pretreat  their  waste prior  to
disposal.   Only  84  plants  indicated that the local municipality or
sewage authority limited  their  discharges  by  an  industrial  waste
ordinance,  but  162  plants  jsaid that the municipality sampled their
wastewater.   Thirty  plants  were  required  to  sample    their   own
wastewater and 39 plants need :a permit to discharge to the  city sewer.
Although many municipalities prohibit the discharge of solvents to the
sewers,  26  ink  plants  indicated  that  they  discharge  their spent
solvents to the sewer.  Forty-fthree  plants  discharge  spent  caustic
solutions  to  the sewer, either with or without neutralization.  Two-
thirds of the plants discharging to the sewer and  responding  to  the
appropriate  question  on  thel survey indicate that their discharge is
batch, while the remaining plahts discharge continuously.

Preliminary Treatment Systems ;
                              I
Approximately 10 percent of the  ink  plants  responding  to  the  DCP
indicated  the  use  of  some [ type  of  preliminary  treatment system
(gravity separation, settling and/or neutralization)-  S.ampling^ during..
the  1977/Z8-_j3roqram  was^coyiducted^ at^	only__-pne	ink   plant  with
wastewater   treatment.   ~~Tr^atment  ~~at"this   plarvE*  consists  of
neutralization, oil skimming and settling.  Data from two batches  for
this  plant  are  presented  in Table VII-3..  These data indicate that
removal for  some  pollutant  parameters  are  excellent,   while  some
organic  toxic pollutants are not removed at all.  However, additional
data points are required before meaningful conclusions regarding  this
treatment system can be developed.
                              ! '                      !  '         '      .
Physical-Chemical Treatment   ;

Physical-chemical   (P-C)  treatment systems are basically enhancements
of gravity settling systems.  JP-C treatment is commonly  used  in  the
paint  manufacturing  industry,  which  has  many  similarities to ink
manufacturing.  Most plants utilizing P-C systems operate   them  on   a
batch  basis.   The plant's wa'stewater flow collects in a holding tank
until a sufficient quantity warrants treatment.  If necessary, the  pH
is adjusted to an optimum levejl, a coagulant  (often lime, alum,, ferric
chloride, or iron salts) and/or a coagulant aid  (polymer) is added and
mixed,  and  the batch is allowed to settle  (from 1 to 48 hours).  The
supernatant is discharged, and the sludge is generally disposed of  by
contract  hauling.  Often the [sludge is left in the treatment tank for
one or more subsequent batches', to reduce the overall  sludge  volume.
                   and  skins
Solvents,  oils,
removed manually.  A flow diagram, of a
system is presented in Figure VII-l.
may  float to the surface where they are
          typical  batch  P-C  treatment

-------
                                                  TABLE VII-3
                                UNTREATED AND TREATED WASTEWATER CONCENTRATIONS
                                    AND PERCENT REMOVALS FROM INK PLANT 22
1


Batch 1
Parameter Untreated ' Treated'2'
Conventional Pollutants :
BOD :
Total Suspended Solids
Oil and Grease (mg/1)
Nonconventional Pollutants :
COD (mg/1)
TOC (mg/1)
Total Phenols
Total Solids (mg/1)
Total Diss. Solids (mg/1)
Total Volatile Solids (mg/1)
Volatile Diss. Solids (mg/1)
Total Vol. Sus. Solids (mg/1)
Aluminum
Barium
Iron
Manganese
Calcium (mg/1)
Magnesium (mg/1)
Boron . ' L
Cobalt
.Molybdenum
Tin L
Titanium .
Vanadium L
Yttrium L
Sodium
Inorganic Toxic Pollutants:
114 Antimony L
115 Arsenic L
117 Beryllium L
118 Cadmium
119 Chromium
120 Copper ;
121 Cyanide
'122 Lead .' § "
123 Mercury ' L
124 Nickel , - L
125 Selenium L
126 Silver ' . L
127 Thallium L
128 Zinc
Organic Toxic Pollutants
1 Acenaphthene
4 Benzene
7 Chlorobenzene ,
10 1 , 2-Dichloroethane L
21 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
23 Chloroform L
28 3,3' -Dichlorobenzidine
31 2 , 4-Dichlorophenol
37 1,2 Diphenylhydrazine
38 Ethylbenzene

21000
1600
2400 •'

32000 ;
4000 -
330
22600
21000
6300 '
5300
1000
20000 i
20000
30000
400 .
71
13
500
900
700
50
3000
100
200
3700 , ,

25
25
10
90 '
10000
10000
330
90000
5
50 ,
25
10 '•
10
1000 '




10 .

10 [

'
7600















L
L
L

L
L
L
L

L
L


L
L
L
L
L
L

t,
L
L
L
L
L













2600
100
260

4800
94O
30
5600
5500
200
153
47
600
100
2000
50
50
9
500
50
50
50
3000 •
100
200
450

25
25
10
20
50
60
30
200
, 5
50
25
10
10
1000




NR

NR


N-D



Batch 2
% Removal Untreated Treated

87
93
89

85
76
90
75
73
96
97
95
97
G 99
93
- 87
29
30
0
94
92
0
0
0
0
87

0
0
0
77
G_ 99
G 99
90
G 99
0
0
0
0
0
0









G 99

43 Di(2-Chloroethyoxyl) Methane \
44 Methylene .Chloride
51 Chlorodibromomethane
54 Isophorone
55 Naphthalene
64 Pentachlorophenol
65 Phenol ' L
66 Dl(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
67 Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
68 Di-N-butyl Phthalate
69 Di-N-octyl Phthalate
72 1,2-Benzanthracene
76 Chrysene
78 Anthracene
80 Pluorene
81 Phenanthrene
85 Tetrachloroethylene
86 Toluene L


44000
N-D

10 i
L 10

N-D




; f
N-D I
11
10








L










N-D
110'

18
19

10





12

NR


G 99
0

0
0

0





0




NR
NR

NR
NR.
NR




31800
120000
200000
1260
39
8

3110
2760
460
5500
L 120
L 160
22

L 2000
L 2000
L 10
160
38100
62800
. NR
isoboo
NR
2410
L 2000
L 10
L 2000
2530

N-D
220
530

L 10

N-D
N-D

6700
N-D
45
43
N-D
17 .
L 10

L 10
L 10

N-D
N-D
L 10
N-D
L 10

22
3600


1830
5384

6810
400
15331




6710
4020
4260
60
L 5
1

670
2240
50
450
L 120
L 160
364

L 2000
L 2000
L 10
L 20
4940
2170
1300
32500
I. 1
L 50
L 2000
L 10
L 2000
720

L 10
96
N-D

N-D

L 10
L 10 -

2400
L 10
29
N-D
46
L 10
N-D

L 10
N-D

L 10
L 10
N-D .
L 10
N-D

N-D
1100

	 % Removal











-
' 78
96
97
95
87
87

78
18
89
91
0
0
0

0
0 .
0
87
87
96 -

78

97
0
0
0
71

0
56
G 99

G 99,

0
0

64
0
35
G 99
0
41
G 99

0
G 99

0
0
G 99
0
G 99

G 99
69
Notes:  (1) Discharge from caustic washer
        (2) The plant's neutralization system malfunctioned during sampling.
        L - Less than.  G - Greater than, NR - Not run, ND - Not detected.
          Toxic   Pollutant not measured ,in either stream are not indicated.  All units ug/1 unless otherwis
        noted.
                                               95

-------
  o
  f>
-§•>
05 w
  >TJ H

  5 ^
  CO ^
  M ca
a
O Ed H-

                                 »l
                                 1-3 W  I
                                 M H  I
                                 fa w  I





CO
i

o

1
' 1 '
1
1
1
r
1 -

I
f
I

COLLECTION
SUMP
1
HOLDING
TANK
1
1-3
§ W
1

SUPERNATANT
EQUILIZATION
TANK
§








1
                    8
                    w
                    g
                    I
                    o
                    z
           M
             >
                        96
                                 CO
on
?o
  en

-------
Some  pLarvts, operate continuous P-C treatment systems which operate on
the  same  principal.   Other  plants  operate   semi-continuous   P-C
treatment  systems,  where  the wastewater is collected, batch treated
and released into a continuous flow settling tank.  Most  P-C  systems
in  the  paint and ink industries are batch, however, which seems best
suited to their batch nature of wastewater generation.

P-C treatment systems for paint wastewater  achieve  good  removal  of
some  metals  and some organic toxic pollutants, and excellent removal
of  Suspended  solids.   P-C  treatment  may  be  applicable  to   ink
wastewater  to  reduce metals, solids and some organics.  As presented
in Section VI, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc occurred frequently at
relatively high concentrations in ink wastewater.   P-C  treatment  in
the  paint  industry  achieved  median  removals  of between 54 and 90
percent for these metals.     ;

The cost of physical-chemical .treatment for ink plants is presented in
Section VIII.  Several ink companies that have experimented  with  P-C
treatment  have  reported that dewatering of sludge may be required to
reduce sludge to 15 percent of the original wastewater volume and that
filtration  of  the  supernatant  may  be  required  to  achieve  good
pollutant   removals.   Additional  data  on  P^C  treatment^ for _ink
jga.stewa.ter_ will be required to accurately predict  poljLgtant:  removals
and^desigrT parameters.       '""   ~~       ~~ ~

Other Wastewater Treatment Systems

                                                         usedin_gther
                                            by ^theH ink  inclustrv.  A
           that may have potential
description  of what appear to be the most applicable are presented in
the following paragraphs.

Biological treatment reduces some toxic pollutants in some industries.
There are essentially no  data  on  the  applicability  of  biological
treatment  to  ink  wastewater,  and  very  little  data regarding its
effectiveness on paint wastewater.  In addition, biological  treatment
is  probably  not  cost  effective for the low flows  (under 1,000 gpd)
found in almost all ink plants.

Ultraf iltration (UF) is a membrane process  that  reduces  the  solids
content  of  a  feed  stream  by  pressurizing the feed while it is in
contact with a semi-permeable ; membrane.  Water molecules pass  through
the  membrane  while  solids are left behind.  The automotive industry
commonly uses UF :for purification of electrolytic paint  solutions  by
removing   some   water   while  "rejecting"  valuable  paint  solids.
Ultrafiltration also  produces  a  concentrate  stream  consisting  of
rejected  solids  and  some water, which requires disposal by contract
hauling.  No data are available on the effluent quality  that  can  be
expected from UF treatment of ink wastewater.
                                 97

-------
Activated  carbon  is  a  treatment  process  capable of removing some
organic toxic pollutants by adsorption.  It generally is applied after
biological treatment has reduced a wastewater's strength  to  low  BOD
and  TSS  levels.   Carbon is rapidly plugged by high solids loadings,
and does not appear applicable ' to  untreated  ink  wastewater  or  to
effluent  from  batch  physical-chemical  treatment  systems (based on
typical removals from paint industry data  applied  to  untreated  ink
wastewater).    For   carbon  to  treat  ink  wastewater  effectively,
extensive pretreatment would be' required.
                                 98

-------
                              SECTION VIII

           COST, .ENERGY,  AND  OTHER  WONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS
COSTS
Historical Cost Information

The DCP asked plants with installed wastewater  treatment  systems  to
report   their   capital   and   operating  costs,  and  the  year  of
installation.  Most of the wastewater treatment systems  used  by  the
ink  industry  were installed since 1970.  Of the plants that knew the
date of installation of their , system,  five  systems  were  installed
before  -1968,  twelve  between 1968 and 1972, and 21 from 1973 to mid-    ^
1977..  The capital costs of wastewater treatment systems were provided  p/1* *
from 33 plants.  :The range of costs was from $50  to  $55,000  with  a   "-
median  value of under $1,000  (1977 dollars).  Operating cost  data  was/'
provided by 25 plants, and ranged  from  $10 to  $9,000,   with  a  median
value of $1,000 in 1977..

Plants  with  wastewater  treatment  or caustic-washing systems often
generate a sludge which is usually disposed of by  contract   hauling.
Of  plants  that  contract haul either  their wastewater or sludges,  99
reported unit cost information for hauling and disposal.  These   costs
are  presented  in Table VIII- 1.   The cost per unit  volume is  affected
by such factors as transportion distance, disposal method used by  the
contractor,  variation  in  landfill  policy from state to state, etc?
The reported median  cost  of t contract hauling   (transportation  and
disposal  combined)   was  2.90,  per  liter   (110  per gallon) , and  the
average cost was 4.20 per liter  (160 per gallon).  EPA   expects   these
costs  to  rise  as  the  states   and   federal government  adopt more
stringent solid and hazardous waste disposal requirements.

Cost Development

The following discussion presents  the capital  and operating costs   for
various wastewater treatment unit  operations currently  produced  by  the
ink  industry  or used in other industries and having applicability to
ink wastewater.  All costs have a  1978  basis unless  otherwise   noted.
The Agency has developed costs for three model plant sizes: 110  liters
per  day  (30 gpd) ,  300 liters per day  (80 gpd) and  950  liters per  day
(250 gpd) .  Because the size range for  all ink plants is  very  narrow,
and  flows  are  relatively  sjnall compared   to the entire wastewater
treatment industry,  little error will result from linear  interpolation
to determine  intermediate  costs  between  adjacent  treatment   plant
sizes.   Below 110 liters/day costs will increase only slightly as flow
decreases, since most equipment is already at  a minimum size.
                                                                         0°
                                 99

-------
                               TABLE VIII-1
                   COST OF SLUDGE OR WASTEWATER REMOVAL
                            BY CONTRACT HAULER
              Cost
           ($/qallon)

             1 - 5

             6-10

             11 - 15

             16 - 20

             21 - 30

             31 - HO

             41-50

             Over 50
   Cost
;  ($/liter)

I Less than  1.3

  1.6 - 3

   3-4

   U - 5

   5-8
|
I   8-11

   11-13

   Over  13
Number of
 Plants

   20

   27

   16

    8

   19

    5

    3

    1
Source: DCP
                                  100

-------
The  Agency expects the costs presented to va.ry widely between plants,
depending  on  geographical  location,  possible   use   of   existing
equipment, "off-the-shelf" components versus designed units, and other
factors.   An  effort  was  made to cost the processes conservatively.
Therefore, most plants should be able  to  purchase  and  operate  the
treatment  systems  covered  at  near; or  below  the  cost  estimates
presented.           '   •  "

EPA made the following  assumptions  throughout  the  cost  evaluation
section:

Plant Operations  -  Plants  are assumed to operate 250 days annually,
one shift  per  day.   Treatment  equipment  is  sized  to  treat  all
wastewater  in  one  shift.  Treatment of wastewater over two or three
shifts can significantly reduce capital costs.

Depreciation - Annual depreciation  is  assumed  at  17.7  percent  of
capital  costs,  which  equals a capital recovery over ten years at 12
percent interest.             :

Contingency - A contingency of 15 percent is assumed-

Labor - Plant operator costs of $16,000 per man year, including  labor
taxes  and  fringe benefits, are assumed.  Indirect labor was taken as
20 percent of operator costs, to account  for  occasional  laboratory,
management, and accounting involvement in wastewater treatment.

Power, Heat,  and Light - Electricity costs are assumed to be $0.04 per
kwh.   The  Agency  calculated  the  annual power costs for mixing and
pumping as follows:           ;

(Total horsepower) x (Hours per year of operation)  x (0.746) x $0.04.

Based on  engineering  visits,  the  Agency  also  assumed  that  most
wastewater  treatment  or  modification  systems  will be installed in
existing buildings.  No increase in  heating  and  lighting  costs  is
assumed, except as noted.

Piping and Valying - Required^) piping is assumed to cost 50 percent of
basic equipment costs.        ^

Buildings,  Yard, and Service Facilities - The Agency anticipates that
most plants will construct required facilities in existing  buildings.
However,  the  installed  cost; of an outdoor steel utility building of
appropriate size has  been  developed  for  plants  without  available
space.  .   .  -     -            :

Land  -  Land  costs  were  noi^ included in cost calculations, but the
total area required for each system is shown.
                                 101

-------
Electrical and Instrumentation I- Required electrical installations are
assumed to be 10 percent of total equipment costs.

Engineering,. Freight, and Instrumentation - These costs are assumed to
be 50 percent of total equipment costs.  Package units from  a  single
manufacturer, may significantly reduce these costs.
Operation
per year.
           and  Maintenance  - j These are at 3 percent of capital costs
Contract Hauling Costs - Most  'plants  contract  their  wastewater  or
sludge  hauling  to  outside  firms,  and pay a single cost for trans-
portation and disposal.  These ! costs range from  less  than  1.30  per
liter  (50/gal)  to  over  130  per liter (500/gal) .  The higher costs
prevail  in  states  which  have  restricted  industrial  sludges   to
designated landfills only.  Therefore, an "average" or median cost has
little  meaning  to plants thai are forced to pay the higher fees.  To
be conservative, the Agency assumed contract hauling cost  of  70  per
liter  (300/gal) including transportation to be characteristic of 1978
prices for the majority of all ;plants.  As previously  discussed,  the
cost  of  contract  hauling  may  rise  in  the future because of more
stringent state and federal regulations.

POTW Charges - POTW user charges are also highly variable,  and  often
are  computed  as a percentage of the plant's water bill, according to
wastewater strength and volume, or by some combination  of  these  and
other  factors.   A  use  charge  of $5 per 3750 liters  (1,000 gal) of
wastewater was assumed, which allows for  significant  surcharges  for
high BOD and TSS loading.      I

Monitoring  Costs  -  The  cost of monitoring effluent to meet any new
regulations is assumed to be $1,200 per year per plant  regardless  of
size.   This  assumes  that each plant will sample its wastewater once
monthly, and pay a commercial laboratory to analyze chromium,  copper,
mercury,  nickel, lead, zinc, BOD, and TSS.  The exact monitoring cost
will depend on the regulations j adopted.
                               i
Physical-Chemical Precipitation

Physical-chemical  (P-C) wastewater treatment was discussed in  Section
VII.   The  treatment  design, ; is based on a batch system, and design
information is presented in  Table  VIII- 2.   P-C  capital  costs  are
presented  in  Table VIII-3 and include four tanks, a collectidn sump,
mixers, and pumps.  The polymer feed system consists  of  two  plastic
tanks, two portable mixers, and two small feed pumps.

P-C  operating  costs  are  presented in Table VIII-4.  For design and
cost  purposes,  the  Agency  assumed  that   the   flocculating   and
neutralizing  agents used consist of alum, polymer, and sulfuric acid.
                                  102

-------
CN

 I
M

H
«


CQ


EH
      1$
      O
      H
      CO
      &
      a
      EH
      CQ

      cn
      g
      S
      w
      »V4

      a

      r4

      u
      w
      cn

      K










































•o
co
4J
(8
S-4
CO
C
CO
C3
SH
CO
03
CO
4-1
cn
<8
3




*~ s,
O
m
S ^
CT\ **'-'









»— V
o o
O 00
m — •




*~^
o o
rH cn
rH ^-'
















^-^
T3 13
*x, "\
cn cn
co O
4-1 rH
•H rH
>— '
- o
m
CN



n
CN





- *-^
o
0
rH
*~*



cn

0
o
.H
""'



a\ '









rO
CO
.%
3
ty
CO
CN
4-1
U-4
CQ
J-4
CO
4-1 '
S
CO
<8
3
cn
cn

o
rH




n






,— ^
o
rH
*""



CO


0
•H
*""



m







*~*
4J
0)
co
ii
cn
cu
4-1
§

^
M
•H
3
tr
CO
4J
•H
OJ




o
o
G\
•H









O
0
cn
•H




o
a
cn
rH






^>*
03
V4
(JJ
4J
•H
rH
"*"'
co
3
"Q
t>

a
s
3
cn
O
•H
4J
O
Colle

i



o
VO
r~










0
o
vo





0.
0





-— *~
CQ
M
CO
4J
•*~4
rH
"*^-
1
3
rH
O
>
cn
pW
(0

X
•H
S
i
>t
rH1
O
ft





O
in
c^










o
o
m





o
rH
rH









««-^
CQ
CU
4-1
•H
ci
i
3
rH
O
y
R3
4J
in
c
« -H
rH
O





0
in
cn










o
o
ff^





o
rH
rH







*~,
03
S-l
CD
4J
"f-
rH
CD
3
rH
O
>
C
03
4J
4-1
C
cu
Treat




0
o
o
CN










in
CN
10





in

CN



IH
*-^

CO
S
3
rH
O

C
t8
Cn
•H
T3
rH
O
A

4-1
C
(8
(8
C
cu
a
3
cn




o
• o
o
CN










in
CN
10





m
CN
CN



In
i-t
cu
4-1
•H
rH
*•_»

CO
3
rH
O
c
RJ
4-1
Cn
C
•H
rH
O
J2
CO
Cn
3
rH
cn





^3*
x^
cn










CN
X^
rH





CN

rH










s^
CU
o
a
cu
cn
O

cn
o
3
C
•H
4->
C
o
o
rH
O







en












CN







CN

_^
T3
75"
JS
CN
^.^

^
CO

O
a
CO
cn
o
4J
g
03
4J
4-1
•H

CO
4-1
C
•H
Total







CN












rH







rH



rQ
\
CQ
M
3
O

C
a
^-*
1
•H
3
C1
CO
4-1
O
CO
•H
•0
Labor



o
o
o

vo








o
o
o

^*

,

o
o
o

"*




s
CO
4J
cn

cn.

«. co
4-)
S-l
CO
a.
o
o •
4J

T3
CO
•H
3
CU 17
w ?*t
ens
cu —
G
w •







^^
cn
CO
N
•H
cn

rH

"*—^
*3*
O
O

















_— ^
rH

Cn
*-'
1
cn
O


5
\
CN
CN
0
3
fH







™ •

^«.
cn
co
N
•H
cn
rH
rH
(8


O
rH



-











,^_
rH

Cn

CU
Cn
(8
cn
O

^_^
Cn
\
rH
iH

M
CU
s
rH
O







^^
CQ
CU
N
•H
CQ

rH

*-*
CN
O
O









IH
N^
X
rH

cu
cn

cn
O


^^
S-l
CD
4-)
-H
fH
\
CN
O
•CO-
TS
-H
O
O
•H
U
Sulfu:
                                                103

-------
n
H
H
H
S
ca
      v.
      en
      o
      cj
      o<
      o
      en
en
en

w
      CU
      M
      a
      o
      M
      en



— -.
o
om

CIV— '



o o
O CO
CO «-'



o o"
i-H OO
r-H — '









t3
CD
-P

rl -
CD ^i ^
C3 fd cr;
CD fO *C
C3 ">i^\
en en
SH SH C
CD CD O
•P -P rH
<3 -H rH
3 r-H rt
•P *—
en
i >
S en r-H
3 (T3 rH
CO ' "T3 ^ *0
CD -P
c .CD •n o
O &4 C -P
•H ; (0 13
-P • M 3
o 01 CD o>' en
CD 01 SH ' en S C
rH ,« CD Oi >i -H
rH C X S rH 04
O «3 -H 3 O "H
CJ EH S Pa CU ft
3 O O O O
3 O O O O
3 CO Cl OO O
^ o •* r- m
H OO -CO-

3 O O O O
Z) 0 O O O
n oo oo rH o
•H r~» oo in oo
CN i
CM 4-)
M -H
13 rH
T3 C -H
C «J -P "H
<0 D CD
Oi >i SH
rH C O . i-H rH -H
nj -H C fl it! 3
O M CD -P CO1
H 
-------
"Historical data  (see Section VII) indicate  that  sludge  volume  will
average  15 percent of original wastewater volume.  Sludge was assumed
to be contract hauled.       ;

Manual Physical-Chemical Treatment System

A simpler P-C system than that presented in Table VIII-3 is  available
to  small  plants- that wish to avoid large capital expenditures.  Such
an alternative system can  consist  of  plastic  treatment  tanks   (or
drums)  and  portable  mixers  and  pumps.  The system utilizes manual
conveyance of wastewater to the treatment tanks (via pails) and manual
addition of chemicals.  The  capital  costs  for  such  a  system   are
presented  in  Table  VIII-5,  for  110 liter per day  (30 gpd) and  300
liter  per  day   (80  gpd)  wastewater  flows.   Operating  costs   are
indicated  in  Table  VIII-6.,   Labor costs are assumed to be slightly
higher than standard P-C systems and were given as two hours  per   day
for  both systems.  The other design assumptions are the same as those
in Table VIII-2.

Wastewater Disposal by Contract Hauling
                             i
This alternative holds the total wastewater flow for periodic  removal
by a contract hauler.  The capital costs for this option are presented
in  Table  VIII-7.  Costs include a holding tank equal to 20 days flow
for all model plants, with associated piping and installation.

Small plants may prefer to hold wastewater in drums to  avoid  capital
expenditures.   Plants with excess tankage can convert a spare tank to
a wastewater holding tank at minimum expense.

Operating cost's for contract hauling are indicated  on  Table  VIII-8.
All  model  plants  are  assumed to require one hour of labor daily to
service the collection system;.  No/ costs for routine  monitoring  have
been  included  because  the ; wastewater  will  not be discharged to a
waterway or sewer.

Wastewater Reduction System  ;

As discussed in Section VII, one option for reducing wastewater volume
is to replace standard tub rinsing operations with a high pressure  low
volume rinse system.  The approximate capital costs for such a  system
are  presented  in Table VIII-9.  The model system consists of 2 pumps
to pressurize water to 1200-1500  psi,  one-inch  piping  to  selected
points  in  the  process  area,  and flexible hoses with connectors to
reach individual tubs and other equipment.  Operating  costs  are   not
presented,   but   are   expected  to  compare  to  standard  cleaning
procedures.
                                 105

-------
H
H
M
a
03
                CTi >_»
                 O O
                 o oa
                 co —•
o o
                          o
                          o
                          vo
                o
                o
                o
o
o
CO
                                                     in
                                                            in
                                 CN
O
O
o
l-l
03
                                                         «N
O
o
CN
                       o
                       VO
                                                                                                             •CO
                          in
                          •w-
                o
                o
                o
                  ^
                CM
                                        O
                                        o
                           o
                           ID
                                                                         in
in
in
o
o
                 o
                 o
                 CN
       O
       0
                                 o
                                 o
                                 o
                       o
                       o
                                                            in
                                                  CN
                                                                         in
                                        O
                                        P-
                                        m
                                                                                                m
                       o
                       o
                       C3


                       i-H
                         >•

                       CO
CD
fj
(ft
i-4 -^
(U >i >•
c tJ (ts
(U rO T3
CD <*Ss^ ^^x.
cn cn
M M C
0) 
-------
                           TABLE VIII-5

     MANUALLY OPERATED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT SYSTEMS
                           CAPITAL COSTS
Wastewater Generated
liters/day
(gallons/day)
Tanks (plastic)
Mixers (portable)
Pumps
Piping, Valving .
Material Handling Equipment
Subtotal
Electrical
Freight and Installation !
Contingency
Total
115
(30)
$ 95
700
600
700
250
$2,345
235
1,290
580
$4,450
300
(80)
$ 455
700
600
875
300
$2'>930
295
1,615
725
$5,565
                           107

-------
                          TABLE VIII-6
     MANUALLY OPERATED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT  SYSTEMS
                         OPERATING COSTS
Wastewater Generated
      liters/day
     (gallons/day)
115
(30)
300
(80)
Depreciation

Labor - direct

Labor - indirect

Chemicals

     Polymers

     Acid

     Inorganic salt

Power

Maintenance

Sludge Disposal

POTW user charge

Monitoring

          Total
$  790

 4,000

   800
$  985

 4,000

   800
3
15
25
150
135
340
35
1,200
8
40
60
150
165
900
90
1,200
$7,500
$8,400
                          108

-------
                                        VII1-7
                    WASTEWATER DISPOSAL BY CONTRACT HAULING
                                  CAPITAL COSTS
Waste-water Generated
liters/day
(gallons/day)
Holding Tank ;
Piping and Valving ;
Subtotal
Electrical and Instrumentation
Engineering, Freight and Installation
Contingency
/ Total ' :
Square Meters (feet) Required
Additional Utility Building (if required)
110
(30)
$1,000
500
11,500
150
825
375
$2,900
5(50)
$2>000
300
(80)
$2 , 100
1,050
$3,150
315
1,735
780
$6,000
,5(50)
$2 , 000
950
(250)
$5,000
2,500
$7,500
750
4,100
1,900
$14,250 ,
12(125)
$ 4,000
                                    109

-------
            TABLE VIII-8

WASTEWATER DISPOSAL BY  CONTRACT HAULING
           OPERATING  COSTS
Wastewater Generated ;
liters/day
(gallons/day)
Depreciation 1
Labor - direct j
Labor - indirect :
Maintenance
Sludge Transportation & Disposal
Total
,110
(30-)
$ 515
2,000
400
90
2,250
$5,255
300
(80)
$1,065
2,000
400
180
6,000
$9,645
950
(250)
$2,500
2,000
400
400
18, 750
$24,050
          110

-------


















cn
1

1— i
f—l
>
w

CQ
rij
EH








































--«
o m
m i >
C fl ctj
- (j^ ^3 ^j
U \\
W CQ
M S-l C
0 CD O
-P -P r-l
flj -H r-<
3 r-l (tj
(U cn
•P '—
cn
a
S
o ; o o o m o m
o o o m f- o CN
o - in m o P- vo o>
r* i m o r-i in CN cn
«H r-l
{/> l 
I
j
o o o o in o in
o o o in 'P» o CN
o in in o P» vo cn
p» rno«-»incicn
' rH r-i
^ ^
1
1

- |
f
|
•
•
o ! o o o in o in
o o o m r- o r>i
o ' in m o r^* v^ cn
p^ (**) o *-H in CM cn



\ ' . -
G
O



3 ; f-H
CQ i ,H
cn • . fl
CD -P
s-i ; en
CU C
: H -
•.
03-^; T3
S-4 CQ i CO C
O CU CD nJ
-P >H 03
O N O CT>
S N ! K fi
O ! -H
J3 G CD M
-P 1 iH CD
•H T3 [ jQ CD
3 C -H . C
— fU ! X r-l -H
, cu ^ <8 cn
£ - r-l 4J C f >1
CDCQfa O^&3 Or-(
-P M I -P (d C 03
cnoi'-a A o - cu -P
>i-P ! 3 -H 4J Cn O
cn«J cncn s-i je • G EH
r-i ' c -P cn -H
Oi 3 ! -H O -H 4J
S en a CD CD C
3 0) -H r-i iH O
eu M &i pa fci o
111

-------
NONWATER QUALITY ASPECTS       j

Energy                         I

The  energy  use  associated  with  physical-chemical  treatment   was
presented  in  the preceding section  for each model plant size.  On an
industry-wide  basis,  if  all j plants  with  a  wastewater  discharge
installed  P-C  treatment  systems,   the  total  energy  use  would be
approximately 0.5 to  1.5  MkWh/yr.   This  assumes  that  all  plants
currently  discharging  no  wastewater  will  continue  to  do so.  No
additional credit was allowed for any systems which may already be  in
place.   Contract  hauling  woiild  not involve major additional, energy
expenditures by the ink industry.
                               i                       •
Sludge Quantity and Characteristics

P-C treatment is not widely used by the ink industry, and EPA did  not
collect  samples  of  ink  sludges.   If  the  entire industry were to
install P-C treatment systems, ;the Agency estimates that 14,000' liters
(3,600 gal) of sludge would be 'produced daily.  This sludge would most
likely have the same toxic pollutants as untreated ink wastewater, but
at higher concentration.  Untreated ink wastewater characteristics are
listed in Table V-15.          i

If the entire wastewater  volume  of  the  ink  industry  is  contract
hauled,  the  toxic  pollutant | loading  would equal that presented in
Table V-18 (2.2 kg/d of  organic  toxic  pollutants  and  19  kg/d  of
inorganic  toxic  pollutants).  Reduction of wastewater volume by high
pressure rinse alone, without any other dry clean up procedures,  will
not  affect the amount of polliitants  discharged from the ink industry,
but it can significantly reduce the wastewater volume and the disposal
costs for plants that contract haul any of their wastewater.
                                                                   r ,-  ,.
Solvent-Wash Subcategory       \
                               i
Currently the only unregulated .segment of the solvent-wash subcategory
of the ink industry is the existing source  indirect  dischargers.   A
key  point  in favor of the no discharge regulations for the remaining
segments of this subeategory was the  proven cost effectiveness of  on-
site solvent recovery versus outside  purchase of reclaimed solvent.
                               j .   .
                               I                         •
The  July  1975  Development Document stated that the in-house cost of
reclaiming solvents was 1.0 to 13.80/1 (3.6 to  14.20/gal) ,  while  the
selling  price of reclaimed solvents was 10 to 300/1 ($.40 to $l/gal).
These costs  compared  favorably  with  the  cost  of  purchasing  new
solvent.                       I

The  Agency  updated  these data with a telephone survey of ink plants
using recovered solvent for tubi cleaning.
                                 112

-------
Corvsiderirxg the rising costs of  labor,  energy,  and sludge disposal, in
1979, solvents can be reclaimed  for  5.4 to 8.50/1  (200  to  300/gal),
while  reclaimed solvents  are  selling for 110/1 (450/gal)  to well over
300/1  ($l/gal) .  New solvents  generally cost over 300/1 ($l/gal).
                                  113

-------

-------
                               SECTION IX

        EFFLUENT REDUCTION ATTAINABLE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF
         THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
                    EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS  GUIDELINES
 INTRODUCTION
 EPA  determines the  effluent  limitations  that must be achieved by  July
 1, 1984, by  identifying the  vejry best control and treatment technology
 employed  by a specific point  source  within  the  industrial  category or
 subcategory  or by one  industry where  it   is   readily  transferable  to
 another.   The  Agency must  specifically determine the availability of
 control  measures   and practices  to eliminate  the   discharge   of
 pollutants,  taking  into account the cost of  such elimination.

 Consideration also  was given to:

     o    The age of the equipment and facilities;

     o    The processes employed;

     o    The engineering  aspects of the  application of  various   types
         of  control techniques;
     o    Process changes; and  '

     o    Nonwater  quality  environmental   impact   (including
         requirements).        '
energy
The Best Available  Technology Economically Achievable  (BAT)  emphasizes
in-process  controls  as  well! as  control  or  additional  treatment
techniques  employed  at  the   end  of  the  production   process.    It
considers those plant processes and control technologies  which,  at the
pilot   plant,   semi-works,   •and  other  levels,  have   demonstrated
sufficient  technological  performances  and  economic  viability    to
justify  investing  in  such  facilities.   BAT represents the highest
degree of demonstrated control  technology for plant-scale operation  up
to and including '?no discharge" of  pollutants.   The  costs' of this
level  of  control  are  defined  top-of-the-line  current technology,
subject  to  limitations   imposed   by   economic   and   engineering
feasibility.   There may be some technical risk, however,  with respect
to performance  and  certaintyi of  costs.   Therefore,   some  process
development  and  adaptation  may  be  necessary  for application at a
.specific plant site.
                                 115

-------
The statuatory asgegsment of  !BAT  "consi
         a  alnc^g of costs againstL
                                  "
                                   In  developing  the  proposed  BAT,
however,  EPA  has  given  substantial weight to the reasonableness of
costs.  The Agency has considered the volume and nature of discharges, •
the volume and nature of discharges expected after application of BAT,
the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the costs and
economic impacts of the required pollution control levels.

Despite this expanded consideration of costs, the primary  determinant
of  BAT  is  effluent  reduction capability.  As a result of the Clean
Water Act of 1977, the achievement of BAT  has  become  the  principal
national means of controlling jtoxic water pollution.  EPA has selected
BAT technology which will significantly reduce this toxic pollution.
                              i          '             ;
IDENTIFICATION OF BAT TECHNOLOGY

Both  in-plant  and  end-of-pipe  modification  are necessary for most
plants to achieve BAT.  Control technologies are discussed  in  detail
in  Section  VII while costs a!nd operating parameters for model plants
are given in Section VIII.    i

The Agency considered the following technologies:

In-Plant Controls             !

         wastewater reduction -through high pressure water  washing  of
         equipment,  dry  floor  clean-up and sealing of floor drains,
         and use of squeegees jprior to tank cleaning-

    -    wastewater reuse through recycle of caustic rinses back  into
         caustic  tank  as  majke-up  and  water  rinses  back into the
         product or rinse water.
                              I
End-of-Pipe Controls          ;

         Physical-chemical treatment including coagulation/precipitation
         and sedimentation    i
    -    Biological treatment iby aerated lagoons
         Contract hauling     |                       i
    -    Evaporation
         Ultrafiltration      |
         Reverse osmosis   '   j :                      ;
         Activated carbon adsorption

Technology Options Available  i
	                     I            (

Option  One - Physical-chemical treatment  (coagulation/^precipation) and
sedimentation)                ;
                                  116

-------
Option  Two  -  Elimination  of pollutant discharge through the use of
contract hauling of nonrecyclable wastes.
Other evaluated technologies  were  unacceptable  due  to  a  lack  of
demonstrated  effectiveness  on  ink  wastewater or severe economic or
nonwater quality impacts.     j
                              t
Rationale Used to Develop BAT Effluent Guidelines

Based on analysis of available: control options,  the  Agency  selected
Option  Two for the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory.  The amount
of wastewater generated by all ink plants  is  sufficiently  small  in
volume  to  be contract hauled to hazardous waste disposal facilities.
Strict control of water use through in-plant  controls  such  as  high
pressure  rinses •and  recycle of water and caustic washes, can reduce
wastewater generation from ink1 plants significantly.

The remaining wastewater should be sufficiently  small  in  volume  to
make  contract hauling practical and eliminate any need for discharge.
However, the basis of the analysis for BAT  was  contract  hauling  of
1005? of wastewater currently generated.  This was due to the fact that
many  plants  produce  water  rinsed  ink  in batches as small as five
pounds.  Due to the relatively;small volumes of water produced by  ink
plants, EPA .assumed that most plants would choose to contract haul all
wastes rather than attempt recycle or other in-plant controls.

The  Agency rejected Option One because it fails to provide consistent
removal of toxic pollutants to the level attained by Option Two.  High
concentrations of toxic pollutants have been measured in the effluents
from plants using the best end-of-pipe technologies.  Due to the toxic
nature of ink manufacturing wastewater, the Agency has determined that
disposal'of these wastes to prbperly designed hazardous waste disposal
sites is preferable to discharge to surface waters.

The most significant conventional pollutants and pollutant  parameters
controlled are BOD, TSS, oil and grease, and pH.
Sizeff  Age,  Production
Cleaning Techniques
Methods,  Raw  Materials  and  Products,  Tub
Ink  production  uses  process i  equipment  which   has   not   changed
appreciably for many years.  This equipment produces ink in batches of
varying sizes.  Therefore the age of a plant has little bearing on its
waste  characteristics.   Size:  of  a plant affects only the volume of
wastewater produced.  Raw matefials used and products produced  affect
wastewater  characteristics  only  to  the  extent  that  they  affect
equipment cleaning techniques.  These  techniques  are  the  basis  of
subcategorization of the industry.
                                 117

-------
In  summary,  the  factors  of; size,  age,  production  methods,  raw
materials, and products are noip significant to  effective  application
of  the  control  technology.  ! Detailed  discussion of the wastewater
characteristics for the ink industry is available in Section V.,
Engineering  Aspects  of  Best
Achievable
Available   Technology   Economically
The effectiveness of in-plant controls has been described in detail in
Section  VII.   Of the plants using a water rinse, 12 report that they
generate no wastewater.

High pressure washing generally can reduce  wastewater  generation  by
90%.   Elimination  of  floor |drains  and  subsequent dry clean up of
spills, and use of squeegees or rags for precleaning of equipment  can
further  reduce  wastewater generation.  The applicability of  in-plant
controls is dependent on the types and quantities of water rinsed  ink
produced.   Plants which only Occasionally produce water rinsed ink or
make very small batches may not find in-plant  controls  to  be  cost-
effective.                    '

Simple  volume reduction does not also reduce pollutant mass.  It does
concentrate pollutants in manageable volumes of water which  then  can
be  recycled  back  into product or contract hauled to hazardous waste
disposal facilities.  If wastewater  can  be  recycled,  valuable  raw
materials are reclaimed.

Nonwater Quality Environmental Impact
                              I                        :
EPA  anticipates,  based  on  information  transferred  from its paint
industry study, that  the  implementation  of  BAT  at  a  plant  will
generate  up  to 0.2 liters of I hazardous waste per liter of caustic or
water-washed  (water rinsed) ink produced.  Ink_TpJLan±J
                 ^
          Jb:cea±ment^-^^                             WJj-1  increase  the
reduce  the  sludge   component:  as   facilities   adopt  in-plant  control
alternatives to physical-chemical treatment.No significant change in
consumptive  water  use   or   atmospheric  quality  in   terms of   air
emissions, noise, or  radiationj will  result from implementation  of BAT.
                               i
Negligible  amounts   of   energy will be used for pumping,  mixing,  and
contract hauling of these wastes.

Total Cost of  Application in  Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits
                               i '                      :
Based on the cost information in Section VIII the total investment and
annualized costs are  estimated' to be negligible due to the   nature  of
                                  118

-------
     current  direct  discharge  by  the   ink  industry.   No ink  plants
 discharge directly to surface water.   BAT  limitations  are being  issued
 to provide guidelines for current  indirect dischargers who convert   to
 direct  discharge.   No  closures in the ink industry are  expected as a
 result of the proposed limitations.

 BAT EFFLUENT GUIDELINES       •'.

 There shall be no discharge of pollutants  in process wastewaters  from
 the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory  of the Ink Formulating  Point
 Source  Category.  The prohibition of  discharge of pollutants  from  the
 Solvent-Wash Subcategory promulgated in HO CFR 447 on  July  28,   1975,
 remains unchanged.            j  .

 REGULATED POLLUTANTS          !

 Issuance  of this regulation will  prevent  discharges of all pollutants
 from affected ink plants.  The significant toxic pollutants controlled
 are:
Chromium  (Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Zinc (Total)       ;
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Methylene Chloride
Isophorone
Ethylbenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Toluene
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
Tetrachlorethylene
Trichloroethylene
                                 119

-------

-------
                               SECTION X

                    NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
 INTRODUCTION
 The basis  for New Source Performance Standards  (NSPS)   under  Seqtion
 306  of the   Act;  is the best available demonstrated technology.   New
 plants have the  opportunity to design the best and most efficient   ink
 manufacturing processes  and , wastewater  treatment technologies,  and
 Congress therefore directed EPA  to  consider  the  best  demonstrated
 processes  and  operating  methods, in-plant control measures,  end-of-
 pipe  treatment   technologies,  and  other  alternatives  that   reduce
 pollution   to   the   maximum   extent   feasible,   including,  where
 practicable,  a standard permitting no discharge of pollutants.

 IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 New Source Performance  Standards  rest  on  the  technology  options
 considered for   BAT  in Section IX.  Since BAT represents the  current
 state-of-the-art technology,  no further improvement for new sources is
 possible.  Based on analyses of the technology  options  EPA selected
 BAT Option Two for NSPS for the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory.
 This  option   completely removes pollutants from ink plant discharges.
 Selection  of  BAT Option One would provide less stringent  requirements
 for  NSPS  than   BAT.    This  would be inconsistent with the basis  for
 NSPS.                      -    :

 Rationale  Used to Develop NSPS;Effluent Limitations

 The rationale used to select NSPS was identical to that used to  select
 BAT in section IX.   No justification could be found  for  selecting  a
 technology option for NSPS less stringent than BAT.

 Size,   Production  Methods,,   Raw  Materials and Products,  Tub Cleaning
 Techniques                    I

 The aspects of size,  production methods,  raw materials,  and  products,
 and  tub cleaning techniques  for the ink industry discussed for  BAT in
 Section IX also  apply to NSPS..                     '

 Engineering Aspects of New Source Performance Standards

 In  addition to the  engineering aspects discussed  in Section IX   for
 BAT,   it   should  be   noted  that  the design of new plants offers  the
 opportunity   to   optimize   performance  of  in-plant controls.   This
 optimization   should   enable   new  plants   to attain NSPS  with reduced
Hazardous  waste  generation in  comparison   with  many existing   plants
 meeting BAT.                    ;
                                 121

-------
Nonwater Quality Environmental! impacts
                              I
The  nonwater  quality  environmental  impacts  associated  with  NSPS
effluent limitations  are  the  :same  as  those  associated  with  BAT
effluent   limitations,  as  discussed  in  Section  IX.   The  energy
requirements to meet this standard should represent a  small  fraction
of the plants* consumption.   \  [
                              [  	  i        ,  ,    ,     r    ,m „ ,     i    ., _ i
Total Cost of Application in Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits
                              I                 ,
At  this  time,  40 percent of; all plants in the industry are indirect
dischargers; the remaining 60 ! percent  practice  no  discharge.,   The
Agency  expects  that  the majority of new firms entering the industry
will be no dischargers or indijrect" dischargers.  EPA does  not  expect
any significant impacts.      i

NSPS EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS

There  shall be no discharge ojf pollutants in process' waste waters from
the Caustic and/or Water-Wash (Subcategory of the Ink Formulating Point
Source Category.              [
                              i
The prohibition of  discharge i of  pollutants  from  the  Solvent-Wash
Subcategory  promulgated  in  !40  CFR  446  on  July 28, 1975, remains
unchanged.

REGULATED POLLUTANTS

The pollutants controlled are [identical to those controlled by BAT and
discussed in Section IX.      >
                                  122

-------
                              SECTION xi

             PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
INTRODUCTION                  :'.....

The effluent limitations that must be achieved by existing sources  in
the ink industry  that discharge into a publicly owned treatment works
(POTW)   are  termed pretreatment standards.  Section 307 (b) of the Act
requires EPA to promulgate pretreatment standards for existing sources
(P'SES)  to prevent the  discharge  of  pollutants  that  pass  through,
interfere  with,  or  are otherwise incompatible with the operation of
POTW.  The Clean Water Act of 1977 adds a new dimension  by  requiring
pretreatment  for:  pollutants,:  such  as heavy metals, that limit POTW
sludge  management  alternatives,  including  the  beneficial  use  of
sludges  on  agricultural  lands.  The legislative history of the 1977
Act indicates that pretreatment standards are to be  technology-based,
analagous  to  the  best  available  technology  for  removal of toxic
pollutants.  The general pretreatment regulations  (40 CFR  Part  403),
which   served  as  the  framework  for  these  proposed  pretreatment
regulations for the ink industry, can be found at  43  FR  27736-27773
(June 26, 1978) .
Consideration  was  also
pretreatment standards:
given  to  the following in establishing the
    o    Plant size,  age  of j equipment  and  facilities,  production
         methods,   raw   materials   and   products,   tank  cleaning
         techniques;
         The engineering aspects of the  application
         technology and its relationship to POTW;
                            of  pretreatment
    o    Nonwater  quality  environmental  impact   (including   energy
         requirements); and

    o    The total cost of.application of technology  in  relation  to
         the effluent  reduction and other benefits to be achieved from
         such application.    !

Pretreatment  standards  must reflect effluent reduction achievable by
the application of the best available pretreatment  technology.   This
may  include  primary  treatment technology as used in the industry and
in-plant control measures  when  such  are  considered  to   be  normal
practice within the industry- ;

A final consideration  is the determination of economic  and  engineering
reliability  in  the application of the pretreatment technology.  This
                                  123

-------
 must be  determined from the results of demonstration  projects,  pilot
 plant experiments,   and  most  preferably,  general  use  within  the
 industry.                      |
                               1 !                      ' '              ;
 IDENTIFICATION OF PRETREATMENTi STANDARDS             '••

 Ink  plants  discharge almost exclusively to POTW.  Less than 15% of the
 plants use  some pretreatment technologies and  13%  practice  in-plant
 controls to reduce wastewater generation.  The technologies considered
 for   pretreatment are identical to those considered for BAT in Section
 IX with  the exception of solvent reclamation which was considered  for
 solvent-wash  inks.    Analysis!  of  the  technologies  resulted in the
 development of two options forl  pretreatment  standards  for  existing
 sources.

 Technology  Options Available: '
                               \
 Option One  - Physical-chemical; treatment by coagulation/flocculation
              and sedimentation- (BAT Option One)

 Option Two  - No discharge of pbllutants through the use of
              contract hauling of nonrecyclable wastes
              (BAT Option Two) j

 Other evaluated  technologies  were  unacceptable  due  to  a lack of
 demonstrated effectiveness on ink wastewater, or  severe  economic  or
 nonwater quality impacts.      !

 Rationale Used to Develop P re treatment Standards for Existing Sources

 The   elimination  of pollutantI discharge for solvent-wash ink is based
 on the hazardous and toxic nature of these  wastes  and  the  economic
 advantage   in  reclaiming  thej  solvents.   Since  no water is used in
 cleaning solvent-wash equipmen-b,  the  solvents  and  off~specification
 batches  comprise  the  entire!  discharge  of  this subcategory.  Most
 plants in the subcategory currently meet no discharge.   The Agency  is
 requiring   that  the remainder;of the industry meet this level of good
 practice.

 As in BAT,  caustic or water-wash  subcategory  pretreatment  standards
 are   based   on  contract  hauling  of all wastewater generated,.  It is
 possible to reduce  waste  generation  through  the  use  of  in-plant
 controls such  as  high pressure rinses, recycle of water and caustic
 washes.  The Agency rejected Option one because they fail  to  provide
 consistent  removal of toxic pollutants to the level attained by Option
 Two.   Djifi,,.   ta__-the_J-oyic naiuijce—of-—iink—was-tewateg?—EPA-teas~xLejbermined
 ihat. the disposaljQ_f_J^ege-4(iasjies--±^o__BrjiT3erlv designed hcizardous waste
'disposal sites ispref erable
                                  124

-------
 Size,
Product, ion  Methods,  Raw  Materials  and  Products,  Tub
 Cleaning Techniques
                  . t             ."          '    '
 As  previously  noted  in  Section  IX  for  BAT, ink is produced with
 methods and equipment which  are  relatively  uniform  from  plant  to
 plant.   As a result, the factors of size, age, production methods, raw
 materials  and  products  do  hot  affect  wastewater  characteristics
 significantly.  Tub cleaning techniques are  the  fundamental  factors
 which control these characteristics.  Therefore, the subcategorization
 of  the  ink industry is based! on use of solvent, caustic or water for
 tub cleaning.                 '    •  -'

 Engineering Aspects of Pretreatment for Existing Sources

 Waste  solvents  produced  by  tub  and  equipment  cleaning  can   be
 regenerated  easily  through  Distillation.   Not  surprisingly,   many
 plants recover their solvents and distill them on site.   Other  plants
 sell waste solvents to scavengers who regenerate and market them.   Few
 plants  therefore  have  any reason to discharge waste solvents to the
 POTW.

 As noted  in  Section  IX  for  BAT,  the  use  of  in- plant  controls
 significantly  reduces wastewater from caustic and/ or water -washed ink
 formulation which must be eliminated™

 Recycle,  high pressure rinses,; dry clean up of floors, and precleaning
 of tubs with squeegees or rags are all techniques to reduce wastewater
 for disposal to 0.2 liter/liter or less.    The  removal   of  the  non-
 recyclable  wastes  by  contract  hauler to a  hazardous  waste disposal
 site should provide an acceptably safe method  of  disposal  for  these
 toxic  materials.    Recycle of wastewater to the product conserves raw
 materials in addition to saving water.
                             -  {      .                            .
 Nonwater Quality Environmental Impacts

 EPA estimates  that  the  implementation  of  PSES  will  generate  an
 additional 23,000  metric tons  (wet)  of hazardous wastes.  I± should_be
 noted  that — PSES  also__jwill  commensurately reduce concentrations and
                                                   These   sludges   will
become — more
          _
       polluTants in POTW sludges.
 arrrerncri3±-e
                         to
-£pssibly_ including  beneficial  use  on   agricultural   lands.    Moreover,
 disposal   of   adulterated POTW: slud^s"TsrsTgnTFicantlY more" diff icuTt
 and  costly — than. — djuspnsaJ - of — _£ „ wasjtas— . _£rom
 individual plant  sites.
No   significant  change  in consumptive  water  use or atmospheric quality
in  terms  of  air  emissions,  noise,  or   radiation   will   result   from
implementation of ;PSES.
                                  125
                                                      r  S4-3L
                                                                       o

-------
Total Cost, of Application in Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits

Based  on  the cost information presented in Section VIII, elimination
of pollutant discharges by ink'plants to POTW is possible with a. total
capital investment of 1.5 million dollars.  The  annualized  cost  for
the industry will be 3.0 million dollars.

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES
There  shall be no discharge
the Solvent-Wash Subcategory
of the Ink Formulating Point
  of
  and
  S6urce
REGULATED POLLUTANTS
Issuance of  this  regulation
pollutants  from  affected
toxic pollutants controlled are

Chromium (Total)
Copper  (Total)
Lead  (Total)
Zinc  (Total)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Methylene Chloride
Isophorone
    will  prevent  the  discharges  of  all
indirect dischargers.   The most significant
pollutants in process wastewaters from
 the Caustic or Water-Wash Subcategory
    Category.
     Ethylbenzene
     Pentachlorophenol
     Di (2-ethylhexyl)  Phthalate
     Toluene
     Di-n-octyl Phthalate
     Tetrachlorethylene
     Trichloroethylene
If the Agency had selected Pretreatment Option  One  for  the  caustic
and/or  water-wash  subcategory,  numerical  mass limitations would be
used.  Concentration values arfe not appropriate due to the  ease  with
which  dilution  can  occur  by  indiscriminate water use in equipment
cleaning.                     '

The mass limitations are basedi on the median percent removal  observed
in  the  paint  industry,  average observed pollutant concentration in
untreated wastewater reported in Table V-15, and wastewater  discharge
of  0.2  liter  per  liter  ofj  water  rinsed  ink produced.  Since no
operating precipitation systemjs were found in the ink industry, it was
necessary to transfer the performance of this  treatment  option  from
the paint industry.  Both industries have similar wastewaters.
                                  126

-------
The resulting daily maximum mass limitations would  be:
Pollutant

Chromium (Total)
Copper  (Total)
Lead (Total)
Zinc (Total)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ethylbenzene
Di (2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichlorpethylene
mg/1000 liters
water rinsed
	ink	

   3240
   1060
   3021
     82
     16
    166
     75
      5
     84
     67
lb/1000 gallons
water rinsed
	jnk	

  0.02710
  0.00890
  0.02520
  0.00070
  0.00020
  0.00140
  0.00060
  0.00004
  0.00070
  0.00060
                                 127

-------

-------
                             SECTION XII

                PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES
INTRODUCTION                  ;

Section  307(c)  of the Act requires the EPA to promulgate Pretreatment
Standards for New Sources  (PSNS) at the same time that it  promulgates
NSP3.  New indirect dischargers, like new direct dischargers, have the
opportunity   to   incorporate   the   best   available   demonstrated
technologies including process changes, in-plant controls, and end-of-
pipe treatment technologies, and to use plant site selection to insure
adequate treatment system installation.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCE PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

New Source Pretreatment Standards were based on the options considered
for PSES in Section XI.  Since PSES represents the  current  state-of-
the-art   technology,  no  further  improvement  for  new  sources  is
possible.

Based on analyses of the technology options, EPA chose PSES Option Two
for PSNS for the caustic and/or water-wash subcategory.   This  option
completely  eliminates  pollutant  discharges from ink plants to POTW.
Selection of PSES Option One would provide less stringent requirements
for PSNS than PSES and would be inconsistent with the basis  for  PSNS
limitations.

Rationale Used to Develop PSNS Effluent Limitations
                                           i
The  rationale  used to select PSNS was in fact identical to that used
to select PSES in Section XI. : No justification  could  be  found  for
selecting a technology option ifor PSNS less stringent than PSES.

Size,  Production  Methods,  Raw  Materials and Products, Tub Cleaning
Techniques

The aspects of size, production methods, raw materials  and  products,
and tub cleaning techniques for the ink industry discussed for PSES in
Section XI also apply to PSNS.i

Engineering Aspects of New Source Performance Standards

In  addition  to  the  engineering aspects discussed in Section XI for
PSES, it should be noted that the design  of  new  plants  offers  the
opportunity  to  optimize  performance  of  in-plant  controls.   This
optimization should enable new plants  to  attain  PSNS  with  reduced
                                 129

-------
hazardous  waste  generation  in  comparison  to  many existing plants
meeting BAT.                                          '•
                              i
Nonwater Quality Environmental I Impacts
                              (                  .  •    ,          :
The  nonwater  quality  environmental  impacts  associated  with  NSPS
effluent  limitations  are  th4 same as those associated with PSES, as
discussed in Section IX,  Energy consumption in order  to  attain  new
source  performance  should  represent  a negligible fraction of total
plant consumption.            .

Total Cost of Application in Relation to Effluent Reduction Benefits
                              i
Based on the cost information in Section VIII, EPA estimates that  the
complete  elimination  of  pollutants in new source process wastewater
indirect discharges may add 0.. 6 cents per pound to the price of ink.
                                          i          ,  i
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES

There shall be no discharge of pollutants in process wastewaters  from
the Caustic and/or Water-Wash Subcategory of the Ink Formulating Point
Source Category.-              i

The  prohibition  of  discharge  of  pollutants  from the Solvent-Wash
Subcategory promulgated in  40  CFR  446  on  July  28,  1975  remains
unchanged.

REGULATED POLLUTANTS                                  •

The  pollutants  controlled  are identical to those controlled by PSES
and discussed in Section xt-  if the Agency had selected  pretreatment
Option  One  for  the Caustic ^ncl/or Water-Wash Subcategory, numerical
mass limitations equal to thos^ calculated for this option in  Section
XI would have been used.
                                 130

-------
                             SECTION XIII

                           AC KNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgment   is   made  to  all  Environmental  Protection  Agency
personnel contributing to the'overall project  effort.   Specifically,
the  development  of  this  report  was  under  the  direction  of the
following EPA personnel:
    Robert B. Schaffer
    John E. Riley
    James R. Berlow
    Lisa Friedman
    Barry Malter
    Louis DuPuis .
    John Kukulka
    Chris Ehret
Director, Effluent Guidelines Division
Chief, Wood Products & Fibers Branch
Project Officer, Paint & Ink Industries
Office of General Counsel
Office of General Counsel
Office of Analysis & Evaluation
Office of Analyisis & Evaluation
Monitoring & Data Support Division
Acknowledgment is  also  made  for  the  helpful  cooperation
following paint and ink industry Working Group members:
                                  of  the
    Michael Flaherty
    Ronald Turner
    Richard Raines
    Fanny Knox
Roman Kuchkuda
Benjamin Lim
Matthew Straus
Special  thanks go to David Alexander, the EPA Project Officer for the
for  the  first  two  years  of  the  project,  and  to  the . Document
Preparation  Staff  of  Kaye  Starr,  Pearl Smith, Nancy Zrubek, Vicky
Wilson, and.Carol Swann.  Micki Treacy is  especially  noted  for  her
valuable secretarial assistance.

Appreciation  is  extended toithe National Association of Printing Ink
Manufacturers especially Executive Director, James E» Renson, and  the
National  Printing Ink Research Institute for their extremely valuable
assistance and cooperation throughout this project.
Appreciation is also extended to the
participation in the study:  <

    A.J. Daw Printing Ink Co.
    Braden Sutphin Ink Co.   '
    Capitol Printing Ink Co., Inc.
    Colonial Printing Ink Div. , U..S.P.
    Inmont Division Carrier Corp,
    Morrison Printing Ink Co.'
    Richardson Ink Co.       I
         following  companies  for  their
                                  131

-------
    Roberts and Porter, Inc.
    Sun Chemical Corp.         '

The  following  members  of  the  Burns  and  Roe Technical Staff made
                               '                                of
significant contributions to th'e project and the
report:                        I
                     development
                                                                   the
    Arnold S. Vernick, P.E.
    Howard D. Feiler, P.E.
    Paul J. Storch, P.E.
    Mark V. Sadowski
    Richard Hergenroeder
    Roy E. Ehlenberg
Manager, Environmental Eng.
Prjoject Manager
Project Engineer
Assistant Project Eng.
Cijvil Engineer
Systems Engineer
The  assistance  of  Mrs.  S. ijrances Thompson and Miss Emilie Carl of
Burns and Roe in the typing of jthis report is specifically noted.

The efforts of Edward H. Richardson  Associates,  Inc.  in  regard  to
sampling  and  analysis  is  greatly  appreciated.   Specifically, the
efforts of Mr. Albert Merena are acknowledged.
                                  132

-------
                              SECTION XIV

                              ; REFERENCES

 1.   Environmental Protection Agency, Development Document for Effluent
 Limitations  Guidelines and New Source Performance  Standards  for  the
 011  Base  Solvent  Wash  Subcategories  of  the  Paint  and  the  Ink
 Formulating  Point Source Category,  Washington,  DC, July 1975.
                                        3
 2.   Burns and  Roe Industrial Services Corporation,  Draft  Development
 Document  for   Effluent Limitations Guidelines. Pre treatment Standards
 and New Source Performance Standards for the Paint and Ink Formulating
 Point Source Categories -  Water- Base,  Water-Wash,  and  Caustic-Wash
 Subcategories.  Paramus, NJ,  September, 1976.              --
 3.   Arthur  D. Little,  Inc.  "Economic   Analysis   of   Proposed  Effluent
 Guidelines:   Paint  and  Allied  Products  and Printing Ink Industries",
 Draft Document  for the Environmental   Protection Agency,  Washington
 DC,  August,  1974.             i

 4-   Printing  Ink  Handbook,   3rd   Edition,   National  Association   of
 Printing Ink Manufacturers, Inc.,  Harrison,  NY,  1976,.

 5.   Shreeve,  R. ,  "Surface-Coating  Industries",    Chemical   Process
 Industries,  3rd  Edition,  McGraw-Hill  Book Company, New York, NY,  1967.

 6-   "Census of Manufactures",  Bureau  of the  Census,  U.S.  Department  of
 Commerce, 1972.
              • "  • '            I                       .
 7.   Raw Materials Data Handbook  -  Organic Solvents,  National  Printing
 Ink  Research Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,  PA,  1974.

 8    Raw Materials Data Handbook  -  Plasticizers,  National  Printing Ink
 Research Institute, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA,  1975.

 9-   Colour Index, 3rd  Edition, Society of Dyers  and   Colourists  with
 acknowledgement  to  the  American Association of Textile Chemists and
 Colorists, 1971.

 10.  Nie,  N.,  C.  Hull,  J.  /Jenkins,  K.   Steinbrenner,    D.    Bent,
 Statistical  Package for the Social Sciences , 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill
 Book Company, 1975,.

 11.  Environmental  Protection  Agency,  "Field  Notes   and   Chemical
 Analyses   -  Survey  of  Paint  and   Ink Manufacturers   in Oakland,
California,"  collected  by  National  Field  Investigations   Center,
 Denver,  Colorado, October, 1973.
                                 133

-------
12. Environmental Protection Agency, Development Document for Prop.Qg_ed
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source  Performance  Standards
for  the  Synthetic  Resins  Se'qment  of  the  Plastics  and Synthetic
Materials Manufacturing Point Source Category, Washington, DC,  August,
1973,                          |  •     '

13. Reid, L.C., "Memorandum to Record,"  (Specifying  Plants  Attaining
No  Discharge of Process Wastewater to Surface Waters), National Field
Investigations  Center,  Environmental  Protection   Agency,    Denver,
Colorado, December, 1973-January, 1974.

14. Reid, L.C., and A. Masse, "[Trip Reports,"  (Paint and Ink Plants  in
Chicago, Illinois  and  Oakland,  California  Areas),  National Field
Investigations   Center,   Environmental  Protection   Agency,   Denver,
Colorado, December, 1973-January, 1974.
                               i
15. "Water Quality Criteria, 19;72," National Academy of  Sciences   and
National  Academy  of  Engineering  for  the  Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, 1973  (U.S. Government  Printing  Office Stock
No. 5501-00520).               |  '

16. Williams, Alex, "Printing  jinks,"  Noyes  Data  Corporation,   Park
Ridge, NJ, 1972.

17. King, Robert, "Trip Report,'" National Field Investigations  Center,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO, November,! 1973.
18. Enviornmental   Protection |   Agency,
Handbook   for   Monitoring
Industrial Wastewater, Washington,  DC,  August,  1973.
       —'-"•-••-- — - ----"'                I

19. Environmental Protection  Agency,  Methods for Chemical Analysis  of
Water and Wastes, Cincinnati,  OH,  1974.
20. Environmental Protection Agency,  Federal  Guidelines:    State
Local Pretreatment  Programs, Washington,  DC, January, 1977.
                        and
 21. Environmental  Protection Agency,  Rationale for the Development  of
 BAT Priority  Pollutant Parameters,  Washington, DC, June, 1977.

 22. Environmental  Protection Agency,  Sampling and Analysis  Procedures
 for    Screening of  Industrial  Effluents  for  Priority  Pollutants,
 Cincinnati, OH,  April, 1977..  :

 23. Environmental   Protection (Agency,   General  Reference   Materials
 Relating    to  the Measurement jof Priority Pollutants, Washington, DC,
 June,  1977-                    [
                               ^
 24. Dry Color Manufacturers Association, Appendix E  of  the  comments
 made    to  the proposed  rules  on  the  "Manufacturing  Processing,
                                  134

-------
Distribution in Commerce, and Use Bans of  Polychlorinated  Bephenyls"
as appeared in the Federal Register on June 7, 1978.

25. Olofosson,  John  A.,  Paul  L,  Bishop,   Dickson,  Richard   A.,,
"Physiochimical   Treatment   of   Lithograph  Wastewater".   A  paper
presented at the 33rd  Annual  Purdue,  Industrial  Waste  Conference,
Purdue University, Indiana, May 9-11, 1978.

26. Raw Materials Index - Pigments and Solvents,  National  Paint  and
Coatings Association, Washington, DC, 1975.

27. Raw  Materials  Index  -  Resins,  National  Paint   and   Coatings
Association, Washington, DC, 1972.

28. Raw Materials Index - Drying Oils,  National  Paint  and  Coatings
Association, Washington, DC, 1973.
                                  135

-------

-------
                              SECTION XV


                               GLOSSARY
Additive

One  of  a  number of materials added to ink in small amounts to alter
one or more of its  properties.   They  include  driers,  antiskinning
agents,  dispersing  agents, waxes, lubricants, surface active agents,
etc.
Background Level

The amounts of toxic pollutants present in process intake waters
water) .                       :

BATEA            •   '   '  .     !  •
         (tap
Limitations  for  point  sources which are based on the application of
the  Best  Available  Technology   Economically   Achievable.    These
limitations must be achieved by July 1, 1984.

Ball Mill      . ' :-

A  horizontally  mounted  cylindrical tank containing steel or ceramic
balls that reduce particle size of materials when the tank is rotated.

Batch

Any manufacturing or  treatment  process  which  accumulates  a  fixed
volume  of  material  (i.e.,  wastewater)  for processing, treatment or
discharge.  Compare to Continuous.
Binder

The components in an ink film which hold the pigment  to
surface.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)          .
the  printed
The  amount  of  Oxygen  required  by microorganisms while stabilizing
decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions.   The  level  of
BODS  is  usually  measured  as  the demand for oxygen over a standard
five-day period.  Generally expressed as mg/1.
                                 137

-------
BOD

Biochemical Oxygen Demand      ,                       !
                               [
Capital Costs                  j

Expenditures which result in the acquisition of, or the  addition  to,
capital  or  fixed  assets.  Costs associated with the installation of
such assets are included in capital costs.
                                                             by  other
                               I                       j
Captive Manufacturing Site

A plant which only manufactures ink for internal use or use
divisions of a parent organization,

Carbon Black                   \
                               I
An intensely black, finely divided pigment obtained by burning natural
gas or oil with a restricted axr supply.
                               i
Caustic Rinse                  ,
         ——                  i                       ^     _; ^

The  cleaning  of  residue froih ink tubs with a caustic solution.  See
Closed Loop Caustic System, Open Caustic System  and  Partial  Recycle
Caustic System.                !

Caustic Soda                   ;    .

In its hydrated form it is called  sodium hydroxide.
                               I                       ,
Chemical Oxygen Demand  (COD)   ;

A  measure  of  the  amount of organic  matter which can be oxidized to
carbon dioxide and water  by a  \ strong   oxidizing   agent  under   acidic
conditions.  Generally expressed as mg/1.
                               f                       '
Chemical Treatment             •

A  process involving the  addition  of chemicals to  wastewater to  induce
the  settling of solid matter and remove dissolved  materials. Materials
commonly used  in  chemical treatment include  polyelectrolytes,  lime and
alum.   (See also  physical-Chemical Treatment.)

Clarification                  ',

Any  process or combination of  (processes,  the primary  purpose_of   which
is to reduce the  concentration of  suspended  matter in a  liquid.
                                  138

-------
Closed "Loop Cans-tic System

A tank cleaning system which recycles a primary caustic rinse and uses
all  of  a  secondary  water  rinse  as make-up water for the caustic.
(Compare to open Caustic System and Partial Recycle Caustic System.)

COD

Chemical oxygen Demand

Continuous                    i

Any manufacturing process which produces a continuous flow of  product
or  wastewater and treats or discharges wastewater at the same rate at
which it is generated.   (Compare to Batch.)

Contract Hauling              ;

The collection of wastewater or sludge by a private disposal  service,
scavenger,   or  purveyor  in  tank  trucks  or  by  other  means  for
transportation from the site.

Cost Center                   >

A business whose objective it is to accomplish its mission within cost
or expense parameters.  A cost center realizes no income.

Discharge of Wastewater

The release of treated or untreated wastewater to a  receiving  water,
POTW,  or  any other location that is off-site.  Examples of instances
where wastewater is generated I but not discharged are total  recycling,
total  on-site  containment, contract hauling of wastewater, and total
evaporation.                  :

Disperser                     !   -'          .

Mixing machine that acts to disperse the components-of ink.

Dispersing Agent            ,

A reagent that is compatible With the solvent and holds finely divided
matter dispersed in the solvent.

Drier
                               # .      .
A composition which accelerates the drying of printing ink or varnish.
Driers are available in both solid and liquid forms.
                                 139.

-------
Drying Oil

An oil which readily takes oxygen  from  the  air  and  changes  to  a
relatively hard, tough film by[oxidation and polymerization.

Epoxy Resins                   ;

Plastic or resinous materials used for strong, fast-setting adhesives,
as heat resistant coatings and:binders, etc.

Equalization

Any  process  for  averaging  variations in flow and/or composition of
wastewater so as to effect a more uniform discharge.

Evaporation of Wastewater                     .        :
                               i                       '
A disposal method in which natural or induced heat causes  evaporation
of wastewater.

Extender

See Filler.                    '                       ;

Filler                         i                       j

Inert  substance  in  a  composition  to  increase the bulk, strength,
and/or lower the cost, etc.    [

Flexographic Ink

Quick drying, low viscosity ink based on volatile  solvents  that  are
used  in  the flexographic printing process.  Flexographic inks can be
water-based.                                          ;

Flotation

Dissolved Air Flotation  (DAF) or dispersed air  flotation,  which  are
processes  that  inject  air  into  wastewater  causing  dissolved and
suspended material to float to\the surface for removal.

Flushing

A method  of  transferring  pigments  from  dispersions  in  water  to
dispersions in oil by displacement of the water by oil.  The resulting
dispersions are known as flushed colorfe.
                                 140

-------
           of Was-tewa.-fc.er
The process whereby wastewater results  from the manuf act taring  process.
Wastewater  may  be  generated  but not discharged.   (See  Discharge  of
Wastewater.)

Gravity Separation

Any process in which oil, grease, skins, or other  floating solids  are
allowed  to  rise  to  the  surface, where they are skimmed off, while
heavier solids are allowed to ; settle out.

Gravure Ink

Quick drying, low viscosity inks based  on volatile solvents.

Heat Se thinks   . •             ;

Letterpress and lithographic inks which dry under  the action  of  heat
by evaporation of their high boiling solvent.

Ink                           ;

See Printing Ink.

Inks, Quick- Setting

These  inks  for  letterpress  and  offset  dry  by either filtration,
coagulation, selective absorption or often a combination of these with
some of the other drying methods.  The  vehicles are generally  special
resin-oil combinations which, after the ink has been printed,  separate
into  a  solid material which 'remains on the surface as a  dry  film and
an oily material which penetrates rapidly into the stock.   This  rapid
separation gives the effect of very quick setting  or drying.

Inorganic Pigments

A  class  of  pigments  used i,n printing ink manufacture consisting  of
compounds of the various metals.  Example:  Chrome Yellow.

Lago-on                        ;

A shallow body of water, such as a pond or lake, which can be  used for
impoundment for purposes of storage, treatment, or disposal,
                                 141

-------
Landfill

A solid waste land disposal technique in which waste is placed  in  an
excavation  and  covered  with[ earth.   Wastewaters  land  sludges may
occasionally be disposed of in landfills.

Letterpress Ink                ;
                               I
Ink used for typographic  (raised type) printing which  is  a  viscous,
tacky ink which cures by oxidation,

Lithographic Inks

Inks  used  in the lithographic process.  The principal characteristic
of a  good  lithographic  ink  jis  its  ability  to  resist  excessive
emulsification by a reservoir of dampering solution.

Metallic Inks                  i

Inks composed of aluminum or bronze powders in varnish to produce gold
or silver color effects.

Moisture-set Inks

Inks  that  dry  or  set  principally  by  precipitation.  The vehicle
consists of  a  water  insoluble  resin  dissolved,  in  a  hygroscopic
solvent.   Drying  occurs  when  the  hygroscopic solvent has absorbed
sufficient moisture either from the atmosphere, substrate or  external
application to precipitate the binder.  An important characteristic of
these inks is their low odor.  :

Mineral Spirits

A  petroleum  derivative used as a vehicle for inks and varnishes.  It
usually boils in the range of 149 to  204°C  (300 to  40b°F)  and  has  a
flash point just about 27°C  (1pO°F).
                               (
Mixing

The incorporation of ingredients into a coating with the use of little
or no shearing energy.         '

NPDES  (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) Permit

A  permit  issued by EPA or an| approved state program to point sources
which  discharge to public waters allowing the discharge of wastewater
under certain stated conditions.
                                  142

-------
Addition of acid or alkali  until
(i.e., pH = 7) .               ;

News Inks
                                    the  pH  is   approximately  neutral
 Printing   inks   designed -' to  run on  newsprint,  consisting basically of
 carbon  black  or  colored pigments dispersed in   mineral   oil   vehicles,
 which  dry by   absorption.   -Recent  developments   utilize   emulsion,
 oxidation,  and heat  set systems.

 Noncontact Cooling Water

 Water which is used  for cooling  purposes    but  which   has no   direct
 contact with  and is  in no way contaminated by either the manufacturing
 process or contaminated wastewaters.   In the cooling process, however,
 it may  experience a  change in temperature.
                              *F
 OSHA                      .    '
                              I                        -
 The Occupational Safety and Health Act.

 Organic Pigments

 General classification  of   pigments  which are manufactured from coal
 tar and its derivatives.  Compared with inorganic pigments as a  class,
 they  are generally stronger an'd brighter.   Example:  Lithol Rubine.

 Organosol                     j

 A suspension  of  particles in  an organic  solvent,  most   usually made
 with vinyl resins, solvents and plasticizers,

 Opaque  Ink

 An _ink  that does not allow the light to pass through it and has good
 hiding  power.   It does not permit the paper or  previous  printing  to
 show through .

 Open Caustic  System

Any  tank  or  tub  cleaning  system that does not reuse any part of a
 secondary water rinse following caustic-washing.

 Operating Costs

Expenses necessary  for  the  maintenance  and  operation  of  capital
assets,  including depreciation,  interest,  labor, materials, etc.
                                 143

-------
The   reciprocal  logarithm  of  the  hydrogen  ion  concentration  in
wastewater expressed as a standard unit.

POTW  (Publicly Owned Treatment Works)

Wastewater collection and treatment  facilities owned and operated by a
public authority such as a municipality or county.

Partial Recycle Caustic System ;
                               i
A tank or tub cleaning operation  which  recycles  a  primary  caustic
rinse  and  uses  only  a  portion of secondary water rinse as make-up
water for the caustic.   (Compare to  Closed  Loop  Caustic  System  and
Open Caustic System.)          i

Physical-Chemical

The method of treating wastewaters using combinations of the processes
of   coagulation,    flocculation,  sedimentation,  carbon  adsorption,
electrodialysis  or  reverse  psmosis.   As  used  in  this  study,  a
physical-chemical  treatment system  involves the addition of chemicals
to wastewater  to  induce  the[ settling  of  solids  ,and  removal  of
dissolved materials, followed by mixing and sedimentation.

Pigment
- - - •                             I
The colorant used to give printing inks the desired hue and color.

Plasticizer

A substance added to printing ink to impart flexibility.

Printing Ink

Any   fluid  or  viscous  composition  of  materials, used in printing,
impressing,  stamping,   or  transferring  on   paper   or   paper-like
substances,   wood,    fabrics,> plastics,   films   or  metals,   by ^the
recognized mechanical  reproductive   processes  employed  in  printing,
publishing and related services.

Process Wastewater

Any   used  water  which results  from or  has   had  contact  with the
manufacturing process,  including  any  water   for which  there  is_  a
 reasonable  possibility of   cpritaniination  from  the ink manufacturing
 process  or   from   raw  material-intermediate  product-final    product
 storage, transportation, handling processing or cleaning.   Examples of
                                  144

-------
pxocess  vrastewater  include  wastewater  generated  £>y  -tub washing or
floor cleaning, etc.  Cooling iWater, sanitary wastewater, storm  water
and boiler blowdown are not considered process wastewater if they have
no contact with the process.

Profit Center
—  '     •"•~——^——~           e   '
                              I
A  business  or  portion  of  ;a business whose objective it is to con-
tribute income over and above its expenditures and allocated charges.

Public Waters

All navigable waters of the United States and the tributaries thereof;
all interstate waters and  tributaries  thereof;  and  all  intrastate
lakes, rivers, streams and tributaries thereof not privately owned.

Purveyor

See Contract Hauling.         :

Reclaimed

Water or solvent which has bee|n treated and restored for use.

Recycle of Wastewater

The  piping  of wastewater, whether treated or not, from its points of
final collection to a prior process step.

Resin

A natural or synthetic material that is an ingredient of ink and which
binds the various other ingredients together.  It also   aids  adhesion
to the surface.  :             ;

Reuse of Wastewater

The  collection  of  either  treated  or  untreated wastewater for the
purpose of utilization in a prior step of the manufacturing process.

Scavenger        ,            ;

See Contract Hauling

Screening                     j

Samples taken of untreated wastewater only to determine the absence or
presence of toxic pollutants (see also Verification).
                                 145

-------
Settlement Agreement
                               i ,           .        .
An agreement between the National Resources Defense Council  (NRDC) and
EPA remanding 21 industrial categories, one of which is paint and  ink
manufacturing  and printing, for review of BATEA, including a study of
toxic pollutant levels.        ;
                               I               «

Settling

The process of disposition of sjuspended matter carried by a liquid  by
gravity.   It  is usually accomplished by reducing the velocity of the
liquid below the  point  at  wh'ich  it  can  transport  the  suspended
material.                      ;

Shellac
An alcohol-soluble natural resin widely used in flexographic inks.

Silk Screen Ink
      -.....-I-  jm«-m,nf-iT_«n. -— -                 ^

Quick  drying,  full  bodied,  volatile  inks  used in the silk, screen
printing process.

Skimming                       l

The removal of floating matter that  has  risen  and  remains  on  the
surface of wastewater.         '

Sludge Conditioning

Treatment   of   liguid   sludge  by  chemical  addition,  dewatering,
filtration, drying, or other methods.

Spray Irrigation

Transport of sludge or wastewatier to a distribution system from  which
it  is  sprayed  over an area 4f land.  The liquid percolates  into the
soil and/or evaporates.  None of the sludge or wastewater runs off the
irrigated area.                                       ;

Solvent-Ease Ink

Inks which use oil or solvent as the primary vehicle.

Thermosetting Ink

A thermosetting ink is one whiqh polymerizes to  a  permanently  solid
and infusible state upon the application of heat.
                                  146

-------
 Solvents,   diluents, low viscosity oils, and vehicles added to inks to
 reduce their consistency or tack.

 Tint                                                -  .

 A very light color produced by adding a small amount of  color  to  an
 extender.

 Total Organic Carbon (TOG)

-A measure  of the  amount of carbon  in a sample'originating from organic
 matter  only.   The test is run; by  burning the sample and measuring the
 carbon dioxide produced.       ;
                  '-                      '                      /
 TOC
  ^ - -               /             I           . '     "      ' '

 Total Organic Carbon          i

 Total Suspended Solids  (TSS)

 Solids that either  float  on the surface of,  or are  in   suspension   in,
water and  which are largely removable by filtering  or  sedimentation.

 Toxic Pollutant
                                      /                                 ':
One   of the   elements  or  compounds  on a list of 129  derived from the
Settlement Agreement (See Appendix E  of this  document).

Treatment         ,         -                                   '  >

Any  process of  conditioning  water, wastewater, or sludge prior to  use
reuse>  or  discharge.

Varnish  ,  '

A transparent,  liquid  that  . dries  on   exposure  to   air  to give  a
decorative  and  protective  coating  when  applied  as  a  thin film
Varnish may be made  by reacting an oil  and a resin at  high temperature
and  dissolving  in a  suitable element  (Cooked Varnish), or by  blending
a previously made resin with a solvent  (Cold-Blended Varnish).
                   \           i           .                      "
Verification                  .;  '

A    sampling  program  including  samples  of  untreated  and  treated
wastewater and sludge to determine the levels of  classical  pollutant
and  toxic  pollutants  known  to  be  present,  as  well  as  removal
                                 147

-------
efficiencies by various wastewater  treatment  processes.   (See  also
Screening.)                                          !

Volatile Fraction             ',
That portion of a ink which evaporates from the film Curing the drying
process.

Water-Base Ink
Inks  containing  a  vehicle  whose  binder  is water soluble or water
dispersible.                  ;                       !
                                  148

-------
       APPENDIX A




DATA COLLECTION PORTFOLIO
         149

-------

-------
 A.


 1.


 2.
S.
7.
                                         mx ^ssaauazaa njousntir SURVEY

  ganaral Information  (Sotas  For Multiple Plant Companiaa,  Coaplata  on*
                       questionnaire for each manufacturing aita.)
  Naaa of Firn              ,                              "	'


  Plant Ideation and Mailing Address	
  (including zip coda)      •                         ;
3.    Telephone Number


4.    Mama and Title at Respondent
S.    .Address and Telephone Number at Saspondent (it different)
  Indicate your type of .busine«a organization   
-------
10   ladieae. th. nnmb*r of th. various si» Iload and jcrtabl. irJc =anufac=uri=g tubs (tanks) at your plant th»c
     rtquSrelaania, (us. clos.st tab sis. shovn).  Do not inelud. any d«iicat*d «or.a. tanks (i... solvent,
     s«sin, «tc.) or Ball aills that ar. raraly or n«»»r el«ori«d.
                                            Hmt>« of Ti^a
                                                                                      Mere th.in 50
?ch« Stz. (Gallons)
Lass n*"" 5
fr-10
10-50
51-100
101-250
asx-soo
501-1000
o»«r looo
11. Indicat. th. numb«r of
150-200 Q 201-250 [

^
G
G
G
G
G
G
n
G
days
H

i-3
G
G
D

G1'
G;

Qi
p*r y«ar th. ink
251-300 [""I
I
D
G
G
G
G
G
G
D
plane o{Mrat>s<
301-365 Q

G
G
G
G
G
G
G •
G



G
G
G'
G
G
G
D
G



G
C3
C3
G
D
G
G
G



 12.   indicte. th. a«r»o. daily wa«r con-nptica for ail us« ""(.*. cpiMtion 13) within th. ink manufacturing facility
      (gallons p«r day)
      0-10,000 Q 10,000-20.000 Q   20.000-30,000 Q   30.000-50,000 Q  SO.OOO-WO.OOO Q  Ov.r 100.000 Q
      Actual (i£ known)         9Pd                                                              ,
 13.   Indicat. th. p«rc«vt of wat.r us«i for aacti of th. followingi
                                     fareiint: of Total Mater O«a
-------
1.    Indicate th* metnod(s) used to ciun ranks, tabs, filling machin*s, «te. (check as many as applicable) :
      Water Rinse |~[ Caustic Hash Q Solvent Wash Q Dry Clean Op Techniques |   |    Periodic Caustic SoakQ
2.
                                                                      Partial 8«cyela
If you us* a caustic system, indicate which tyo*:
Closed Loop (Conplet* Recycle) FJ   '   Open (No Racycl*) j~~]
If you us* a water rins*, indicate th* water pressura ua*di
Less than 50 psi FJ 51-100 psi |~~| 101-150 psi FJ Greater than 150 psi[~""]
Indicate th* appropriate frequency for each of the following equipment cleaning or housek**ping operations:
                             All tte Tin*    Hose o£ The Tin*      Occasionally        Mover
                                 a  '•;             a                 p
                                                  ;a
                                                    a
Clean tubs s*tu**n aaoh batch

itaus* apenc rins* uatar in
3ues*qu*nt batches
F*us* spent rins* watar to vwsh
tubs, aquipoont, ate*
                                       a
                                       a
G
G
G
b
G
5.    Do you pick up spills using dry clean-up mthods?

S.    Are any floor drains connected to th* itoia s*v*r?

7.    Are any floor drains connected to th* sanitary sevoc?
                                                                      G
                                                                              G
                                                                              G
                                                                              G
8.
      Indicate approximately how much water is used to claan ehe tab sizes listed:
                                        7olun* of Mater naud ao Clean a Tanfc (gallons)
0-5
o--
n
a
a
a
a
a
6-10
a
a
n '
D
,a.
a
D
u-so
El
c
n
a
D'
' G
a
31-100
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
.-tore than 11
• D
a
a
a
. G
. G
a
9.

10.
      If you us* solvent washing, is your spent solvent rodistilled?            Yes I   I         So I   I

      Do you redistill solvent at this sit*? ;                    "            '   Yes |   |         No h  j

      If yes, do you us* steaa injection distillation                           Yes [~"[         Ho F™]

      If steao injection distillation is usod;  what is tan disposition of th* contact staaa condansat*'

      Discharged to stora sew*r |  |           Discharged to sanitary s*w*r [   |        Mixed with cooling watar |   |

      Mixed with other process wastewatar f"l Oth*r I   j           '

11.   If caustic is used for cub or equipment. cleaning, is spent caustic discharged to th* sanitary
      3«w«r?   Yes p|   So j  [             -,                                           ..

12.   If solvent is us*d for tub or equipment. cleaning, axa spent solvents discha'-.gad to the sanitary  sever?
1.
      Do you ua« v«t scrubbers in th« ink plant for air pollution control?
      Which of the following other air pollution control dovicas  do  you utilis*?   (Ink manufacturing operations  only)

      Afterburners j  ]   Electrostatic Precipitators [~~|    Baghous* Collectors Q   Cyclones j"^   Pilsars Qj

      Other _
                                                        153

-------
3.
r.
      Indicate which of eh* fallowing uastawatari  aza  eoabiaxi with tub cleaning vastawatsr bafore disposal;
      ««t  Serobbar Q  Boiler Slowdown Q  Boiler Cleaning Q Hon-asntact Cooling Q  Sanitary j~j  Laboratory
                                   A (indicate)
      Wastevater Handling and Disposal
1.    Total rolia» of ink process- vastavatar generated daily (gallons):
                         0    1-10O     101-250     251-5001      501-750      7S1-WOO      Over 1000
      Average
                        n    a
                        0    G
G
G
G  i
G  :
G
D
                                                                               G
G
G
2.
      TnfMc-n»^ tha aethod(*) of ^<«r"wsl of wastawatar:
      Caaplata tUfaf or Racycla I""]     Evaporation I  1    | Partial Kcuse or Hacyele [""]   Discharge of City S«w«r [j
                                ^•aJ                 UneeT    i                         Wesa*                           |	|
      Bave you Bade an  application for an asnta p«rmit for process wastewatar?                           fa*  | J   "o |  J
      «av« you applied  for  and/or recaived an OTOES p«rait for csoling waster or stor»«ter runoff?      Tas  |   J   Mo |  |
      I£ yea  to 4, 5  or 6  indicate tha nav* of stream or wmtar body receiving your vaatawatar
 a.     Ii proceu wai
       aanicipalityi.
                             is discbarmd tr> dry i
                                                                  the nazM and address of the sewar authority or
 10.
 u.
       Indlcat* if tha ariicipality or j«xag« authority utiiiiaa any of eh« Jollowingi
       lodiucriai Watta Ordinaoe* [~~|
       S««»r 0«« CiargM or SurchargM |~~|
       Uast«watae sanplln? at your plant |   [
       local p«rait zyitaa to discharge to tha  siwar |   |
       Jl*qair«« you ts sazp;* and analyn your  oira va«t»«at^r j   [
       I* your ittk pro=a«« vast«wat»r traat^ or conditional in any way b«for« disposal?
                                                                                             •D
       M proc.«« wasewatar i* tr*at«l by th« plant prior Co aischarg..  iwUcata which wasts-mt«r strmams ar. scnbiawl
       vita ch« procais vastas arior to ar.acaent.  and t."* extant of sheir  contriiution  to  th« waotwatar str«am.
       Uajtewatar Source
                                       of rotal Maatawater Strean Cndargoing rraacignt
                               01   1-20   21-40
       Ink ?roces» Wastavatar Q   Q     |   !
       itaiin HaBofictoring    I—I   r~|     I   j
       Uasuwatar             I—I   I—I     I—1
       SoUar Blovdown        Q   Q     [""]
       Air Pollution Control  \]   |   ]     [   |
       Sanitary               G   G     Q
       Coaling Matar          |  j   [~"j     j   |
       Other                  G   Q     Q
11-40
D
G
G
G
G
G
G
€1-30
:G
G
• G
G
1 G
: G
i- n
31-99
G
G
G
G
- G
G
G
100
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
                                                          154

-------
12.  Indicate Hathod<3) of wastewatar treatment or conditioning used at your  sitai
     neutralization

     Settling or Clarification

     Flotation

     Chemical Treatment (polymer) |  '|

     Lagoon                       |  J

     Carbon Adsorption            |   |


13.  Is your wastewatar treatment system batch ["""] ;

14.  Is your wastewater discharge batch        FH
                                  |   |

                                  |   j
Equalization              I   I

Evaporation           '    |   |

Chemical Treatment  (lime) |   i

Tritdcling Filter          Q

Gravity Separation        FH
Filtration;               F"1 '

Chamioal Treatment (alum) [~1

Activaeed Sludge          F~j

Chaaieal Traatnent (other)
                                                          or continuous  |  |

                                                          or continuous  |  |
15.  Provide .the following information far your in-'plant wastawater treatment facility!

     laar Installed          19__ '                |  -            '


   _  Installed capital cost  ($1 __ _ '
     Approximate annual operating costs  (S)_

     Design volume 
-------
2S.  li you responded positively fas any of the analyse* listed above, please attach, data sheets jusmarizing the
     analytical Information you have collected for the last four years.  Indicate whether the analyses are Jor
     uncreated or txeaeed wascewacer, and wnether rhe process wastevaear scream was combined with other waste  ^
     streams at the point of sampling.

26.  Eatiaata the combined r.ev investment and total operating coses that will be required during the next Jour
     years to aeec existing wacar pollution control regulations on tfa« local. 3ta.ce and Federal levels.
     Total Maw Investment required S_

     Annual Operating Costs i
27.  Indicate which of the following miscellaneous regulatory areas you eacpecs.will require s^onificane investment
     over  thai next four years:
Odor [""I

Air PoUution Control
Therr-il,
                                      (~]
          Solid Waste j  [

Sonic Substances Ace |  |
                                                                                          Safe Drinking Water
 IS.  Estimate  the anticipated  new  investawnc and  aimual operating  costs  so aeee  the carrent requirioents of these
     other regulatory considerations over  the  next four years i
      Total New Inrestaeac Required $_

      Annual Operating Costs S
 S.    RAX ."ATSUALS                                 •

      Plus* eheck the. appropriate box for each clans of raw material which is used at this  site (regardless  of
      quantity used) .   If you are not positive abcuf the heading used, check the list of eradenames  and numbers
      and check the  box if you use one of the materials listed.  ., IS you use an unlisted material which is  desc«i«d
      exactly by the heading, checx the box?  listing Che other material is optional*  If there is no "other"  listiid
      for any category, checx the box only if one of the specific listed materials is used.   Abbreviations used
      for concany oaaes are listed at the end of this leceion.
                                                    DYES, FLCSHES. ANO
  n
         se LEAD
 Cyascab  Serie*
 BaxBondi  "anli-ii-h" Series
 Eagle Picheri  -S-P-202-, -E-P-303", -Z-P-»1"
 Cacor* 4Sx
               O«DE
 Cheiecroni  WT 6200 Series
 Earshawt  CR, JQl-TS
 ML Ind.:  Xequlsr (BtSJ r Red scar; Grade 101 FM-li
           Oncer -23Ai 75RA> 7SRA2
 Ctheri

  I   I zgg sciriaz PIOJSHTS
 ?era-0-U.th
 Otheci
 ASAJCOl  -AZO--11.22,33,SS,S5LO,55Tr
 ASAKCOt  -AZCOOX" Series
 £agle-?icher>  "S-P-AAA, Series
 M.J. Sine - "XX* Series
 Otide* 30-P
 St. Joe Minerals. *St«7oC" - 17, 20,40
 Other American 71 no Oxidesi
   n
      ZIKC oxrpg
 ASAKC3 - AZO 06, 77, 775
 K.J. .Onct  rior.nce Ore«n Seal - It -T&DOX' 2S.SJ.S
 St. Jo* Hineralst  *St. Joe* - 913.
 Other:
   I  IgiTie yriiAi
 -.B. DiTljl  50EW,  50SWJ, J134S,  533W,  533WJ, J13I.O
 Ouponej  r-539-O
 Other:
   	^
           COS? AND TUXES
 M.J. Zinc:   -Standard Zinc Oust" -  22,44,422,  444,  641
              "Sigh ?uriiy Sine Ouss" -  122,222
 •3.S. 3ron=e:   751,  752
 Other:
D                                                                              OTHER KCTAIilC fOWDEES AND rtSJCES a
                                                                              XICXEI., SILVER. COPPES, LZan A
                                           Alcan:   *MD* Series
                                           O.S.  Sronie:   "Cupro-Nickel"
                                           Other:
                                                                          D
                                           Ferro Corp.:   V-aa6O, V-8SSO, V-384O, V-3830,  V-8S30
                                                         V-8820, 7-flS21, V-883S, V-H82S,  V-834S
                                                         7-354O
                                           General Color:  8OO, 80S,  313,  824,  827,  1000, 101
                                                           1020. 1024,  1027,  2000,  2012,  202C
                                                           2024, 2027,  301S,  3020,  3022,  3027
                                                           100S    .
                                           CUdden:  •Cadaolith* 200  Serlest   2000  Serins
                                           Harsh/no  "Uthonnn* R«d"  Serinsi  C? 1401) Serlest
                                                      O> 1SOO Secies;
                                           Hercules.   X-2327. X-3327. X-2328. X-332II. X-2329
                                                      X-3329. X-2330. X-2947. X-29«S. X-2949'
                                             :         X-2950X
                                           Other. Cadaiusi Reds:
                                            r—I
                                                               RED.  KAHOOX.  CEtANGE
                                           Cadmerc  Series
                                           Sarshaw:  18060. 18120. 18210. 18290. 1S370. 18410
                                                     C? Ofhirl'tn Series
                                           Hercadiua  Red Series
                                           Other:
                                                                          a<
                                           *a. Cvanamid:  "Sorwood Green*  10-3000 Series
                                           Hercules:  A-44OQ C.?. .Series
                                                                              HYORATT3 CHUOMIDM OXTCE
                                            n
                                           Hercules:  X-1010. X-1483. X-2944
                                           Pfizer:  GH-9869
                                           C-ther:
                                            n
                                                                               CZRCKIOK  OXIDE
                                           F.3. Oavis:  3020, J 3310, J 53S1
                                           Hercules:  X-1134 C.P.. X-1861 C.7.
                                           Pfizer:  G 4099, G 5099, G 6099, 3 6139, G *099
                                           Other
                                                           156

-------
                                   • PIGMENTS, OYgS, ?tUSHES  ASB  OISPgaSIOHS. (Cant.)
  D
     CaDMUM YELLOW AMD ORAHGE'
Ferro:  7-9820, 7-9520, 7-9810, 7-9510, 7-8810, 7-881S
General Color:  920, 950, 970, €20, 640, 660
Cadmolith  Serias                                ,
Glidden:  3050, 3150, 32SO, 3350. 3450, -3550         ;
Harshaw Chea.:  1400 Series; 1500 Series; Primrose   - 20, 206,
                23, 1400 Series,; Lemon 30, 306, 32, 33,
                Yellow 4O, 406, 42, 43, 45, 456, Light
                Orange 50
Hercules:  X-2272, X-2273, X-2233, X-231S, X-2S21, X-2S2S,
           X-2823, X-2824, X-232S, X-2326, X-3201, X-3203,
           X-3205, X-2320, X-2326, X-294S, X-2946
Other Orlmi im Yellow and Oranges

 I	I CHROME
 in.  Cyanamid - fallow 40 Series, Primrose 40 1450, 1460
 F.a. Davis - J1200 Series                           '
 Dupon-f - I-758-Oi  y-433-Oj  434 0, 469 D,  Krolor  KX Series
 Harahaw:   "Vallov  2000"  Seriasi *Grallow" 39SO, 3951,
           "Srisiroso"  Sarias,  Softax Series \        '
 ffarcules:   X-1937, X-3148,  X-1945, X-2558, X-1899, X-2S48,
            X-33S5, X-1S09,  X-2541. X-33S6, X-2891, X-2774,
            X-321S, X-2777,  X-2778, X-321S, X-3480, X-1810
           X-2035,  X-3431, X-34S9 aanpart   HR Med.
 Oncotr  W7.-A               ,                         ;
 Hiefaea:   1561E.  1590,  1610E,  1610, 310SE, 310S, 8777E,
        • 1678PO, 1677PO, 1605PD, 1640, 1670
 Saichhold:.  Yallow 45-100 Sarias, 45-200  Series
 Other Chroae Yalloust                                :
  n
     canons
Harshaws   2201.  2204,  2213,  2205,  2209,  2203
Harmless   x-819 CP  Light
Other:
  D
     MOLYBOATS ORM1GE COtTIAIiliaa CHROMinK AHO/OR LEAD
Am. Cyanamid:  Orange 400-8000  Series
Ouponts  Holy. Orange-re Series;  Krolor!: Or.Y.  KC—789-O;
         Krolor  Or.?. KC-786-O;  Krolor  Red, Kr-980-^O
Barsnaw:   "Ming,JJrange"  Series
Hercules:   Rex    Orange Series,  "Chili Red" x-3170,•
            Rampart  Or - X-3386,  X-3390;  Rampart  ER Or X-3047
Hicham:  Holy. Or.  1720,  1730,  1740                 ,'
Reichhold:  Orange  45-365,  45-366, 45-370,  45-382  !'i
Other Molybdace Oranges>                   .          :
 a
     RED LEAD. LITHASGE. 3LOE  LEAD,  ETC.   . ,

Eagle-Picher:  E»gla 97 Redhead; Eagle  29 Lithargaj
               Eagle 33 Litharge; Eagle Sublimed  31ue
               Lead
Hammond:   "Litaarge" 100X; Red Lead  -  85%,  95%, 97%  :
           98%, Orange Mineral
NL Ind: • Red Lead 95t, 97%, 93%; "Fume* Litharge:    ',
         "Color Makers' Litharge                     '
Other:
 a
     PHLOXINE REP
  I	iLinttKESCSKT SIGMEtlTS COMTRIiHiC LSAD

HostasoiR 13-3397, 3398, 3399, U-5100
Other:
  D
                 3LOS CONTAItmtS SILVER
Davis Co.:  4103, 448, 449, 4S8B, 41S6H, 45323
Xohnstamo:  A4S7S, A9B29
Landers-Segal:  S301F, 5303F, 5183P, 5400F
wittaker, Clark, Daniels:  500 Series
Other:                               ,-
 D
D                                                                       BROWN AMD GBlUf PIGMENTS CONTAINING ZINC
                                                                        AND/OR CHROMIUM 	

                                                                   Ferro: V-9U7, 7-9119, 7-9121, 7-5101, V-5102,
                                                                          F-6109, F-S111, F-6112, F-«113, V-9128
                                                                   Harshawt  7733. 7739, 7751, 7760, 7776,
                                                                   Hercules: 10393, 10352, 10369, 10392, 10327, 10391,  '
                                                                             10378, 10328, 10363, 10394 .   /
                                                                   Other Browns and Grays Containing Zinc And/Or Chromium
                                                                    D
                                                                                       BICE
 Am. Cyanamid:  "Cyan* 55-3000 Series
 Hostaperm  15-1000 Series
 BASF:  "Paliofast" Blua - 6000 Series, 700O Series,
 Chemtront  BT-4510, 3L-4S21, 3T-4559, BT-4561,
            BI-4S64, BT-4614, BT-4651
; Irgazin -Blue 3GT  •
 Irgalita  Blua LGCD
 Oupont:  Monstral  Slue ST Series, BL Series,
          "Ramapo" Blue - 3P Series
 Harmon Colors:  3-4714, 3-4769, 3-4773, 3-4804
 Harshaw:  "Zulu" Blua 4800 Series,
 Hercules:  X-292S, X-3374, X-3048, X-2303, X-3414,
            X-3223, X-2371, X-2810, X-3367, X-3453,
                                                                             X-26S8, X-2372, X-3241, A-4434,^-348S,
                                                                             X-3527. X-912O. X-92!fl. MoB»Tft?h™ Bin..
                                                                  Hilton-Davis:
             -3527, x-9120,
                30-0286, 30-0291, 30-0344;
                SOF-R-CONC* 6-68-C-301
 Konnstamt  A5712 "Monafaae* Blue
 Nicheaii  "Shthalo" Blue 500O Series, U40>
 Sandozi  -Graphthal" Blue SNK
 Son Chrait  Sunf asc  Blua and Peach Blua Sorian
 Other Phchalocyanine Blues
                                                                                                                      Series
                                                                    D
                                                                       PHTHSLOCfaHIHg G8ESH
 Am. Cyanamid:  Cyan Gr'een Y1S-304O; 315-3100
 Hostapera  1&-2000 series
 BASF:   Paliofast Green 3600, 868O, 3720, 9140, 936O
 Cheatron: • GI 4SOQ Series
 Dupont:  Monstral'  Green  GT Series
       '   "Ramapo" Green B, GT-501-O
 Harmon Colors>'~'a-5000 Sarias,
 Harshawi   "Zulu* Green - 3800 Series
 Herculesi  X-3166,  X-3167, A-4433, A-4436
 Hilton-Oavis:  '30-031S, 30-325; SOT-R-CONC
                6-€8-C-401 B.S.
 !Cohnstama>   a 1581, A 5776
 Hicham:  Phthalo Green 4000 Serias
 Sandoz:  "Sandorln" Green 3GLS
 Sun Chaasi  Sunfast  Green 264-0000 Series; Sunrast
            Serias;  "Emerald vista" Green 264-444
 Other  Phthalocyanine Greenst

  I	1 CORRO3IOH mHIBITING PIGMEtTCS COHTaiMIKC CHROMIUM

 ?.a. Davis:  Strontium Chromate J-1365
              Calciua Chromate J-1376
            X-2865,  x-2974 strontium Chromate
                                                                                                                      464
                                                                 u..Harcules
                                                                   Other:
                                                                    a
                                                                        CORROSIOH INHI3ITO1G PIGMEMTS COHTAISING ZINC
                                                                  F3. Davis:  Zinc Holybdate 0830, Zinc Phosphate 0852
                                                                   "HALOX"  ZX-lll.
                                                                  HL'Ind.:  Halzin  SC-1, "Holy-white" 101. 212
                                                                  Other:

                                                                   I _ JcORSOSIOK nngBITISS PIGMEtlTS COtlTMaiKG LEAD

                                                                  Sagla Picher:  "Permox" 1-4-3, Ternox" X
                                                                  Hamnond:  P-7, c-9
                                                                  Other:
     IHOH BLUE CCHTAIMIilS CfAMIPES
                                                                      JDIARILID2 ORANGE TONER  (PICH1OROBENZIDEME-OERIVED)
An. Cyanamid:  50-0000 Series, "AUealoric", "Mile
               "Blacxstone"
F.3. Davis:  "Milori" Slue 4049, 4215
Harahawi  "Hilori" Blue AR 4028, 4050
Sercules:  X-640 C.P., X-2274 C.P., X-3163 C.P.,
          . X-2235-C.P., X-1835-C.P., X-712 C.P.
           A-984 C.P., X-3434, X-3340
Other:                  ''         -     '
                                                                  An.  c/anamidi  "Oiarylide Or; "45-285O, "45-2880  Series
                                                                  Aa.  Hoechst: '5era. Or." 12-1000 Series
                                                                  Chemtron:   OT-5661
                                                                  Harmon:  OP-S833-
                                                                  Herculea:   X-2065, X-3082
                                                                  Sandoz:  3272-0
                                                                  Sun  Cheat   276-2384
                                                                  Other Oiarylide Orange Toners (Dichlorobenzidene Derived) :

-------
                                                        PIGKEHTS.  DYSS, FLESHES ANO OISPERSICHS  (cone.)
                     A». Cyanamldi  45-2555, 45-2650
                     A«. 8e«CJl»ei 11-1101, 1103, 1006, 1003, 1200, 1300, U16,
                                  1300, 1216, 1012. 1013, 1305, 1125      ',
                                  1012, 1013, 1305, U7*i
                     CIWKZOIU  tT-8073, YS-8047, YT-6093
                           t*  T«llow L3AM
                            Color*!  V3-570O Sariu
                              Y«llow  1200 S«ri«»
                     Buculut  1-2435, X-1940, X-2476, X-2600. X-2382, X-338S,
                                X-2S38,  X-2864, X-3446, X-3S3S, X-9340   |
                     Silton-0*»£»«  Di-irrlid* r*l 30-0535j Sup-R-Csne 5«rins
                     XebnsUBU  A9145, A9744. 33503, 13577, 13615
                     Hiebuu  *»uuzidla« Y«l" 3000 S«ri«»
                     Sindoti  4233-0, 4335-0, 4534-0) 'Sriphtol YcllaV Kdi
                     Sun Cunt  -Kac?30a Yd- 273-OOOO S«ri«i -TUdiant Y«l'
                                274-0000 S«rl««i -twoon Metallic- - 275-0003,
                                275-51291 "Siuylld* Y«l« 27S-O049> •Tranifara
                                ITSR- 275-2233                             '
                     Otiuf Olazylld* r«llov Tonars (Dichlorob«nzid»n« D«riv*d) >
                                                                                                          SLACK ?IG>i£tfa CC
                      I   I
                                     asns XKD MABCOHS (DicgLoscBgtarpEita
                         SiMchac:  13-1000 -Vcra R»d- VB
                            Calozai  a-6200 SarlM
                     Stxxhxwi -IVrualixm 8*d* 1153
                     Sun OMI  'Aoiiea R*d- 236-5025
                     Othut

                      I— I tUSCZUAKZOaS REDS, MAROONS TCNZRS AMD IJUETS
                      I  IcoHixtapc zmc, CHUOMTOM. ANO/CR
                     A*. So*ciuic>  13-4305 *?«za fink* E-O
                     OMttrom  KT-53101 RT-5340I RT-539O
                     Ochxci
                      D
     tastntjm.rras YEUOU AMD ORAMCE TCNZKS AND
                       ANTIMONY AHD/OR CHBOMIOM
                     BASTi  Tulioail tallow*- -1690, 1770, 2330)
                     tMOioMt  "!4«c»or Suii" 7370, 7376
                               •itauor Oring.- 7383
                               •M«t«oc tin* 7729
                     Oeit*z>
                      a
                          AMD ORANGE TOKERS AND
     LAJXS coMTArtrnc COPPER AKD/OR
SASTl  Tallotol I.llou
H«T-«h»vi
Othurt
                                              1070
                                                   2912
                      (— l KISCZtiAHSOTS YSIXOU AMD GRANGE TOHEHS AMD LAKES r
                      I  I CCiflXtNUC HIOSI.

                     SACTl  TaliotOl Yallow* C830                        >
                     OuPonei  "Cr««a Sold' Y^-714-o, YT-562-D
                     Banhavi  *Sun-Y>llov-S', NS310, C3320. •Son-auff   ;
                               S33O
                             i  X-3247 •r=vr«a» Grain Yalloir", 10401
n
                       _
                                        sure, PURPLE AKS VIOLET
                                     CTBOMICM
                     Terra i  V-5200 31u*j V-5272 Blaa-CrMn, V-5274
                             M«d. Slu*
                     gii-ih»«i  *X«t»ar Cetaklc* - BLa-7536
                               •itaMor Cabale* - BL 7550. 7556
                               *»«c«or Turquois«-Cob«lf "579
                     Oth*ri

                      I - 1 (USaQiMttOCS SLOE. POUPLE AND VIOLET PIGMESIS
                      1 _ I COKTXiaiHS CAOMICM

                     B«rcul««i  10312 *C*ral**n Blu«'
                     Cthmrr
                      D
     Miser'r,Anreqs BLAO: ?IOGSTS eonrxiNiMg COPPER
                     r.rrot  V-302, V-717, r-2302, f-6331,
                     Krxhawi  .7S90 *!Ue«or Bk*
                                                                  ?«rroi -v-6730
                                                                  Uurcului  10335 Hack
                                                                  Ctiar:
a
                                                                       XISCZLLANECCS YELLCW FIGMENTS CCHTAINISS
                                                                       AMTIMCKY.  LSAO. AND/CR
                                                                  H«rcul««j  10315 Lwon fallow, 10324 Antxr,
                                                                             10401 Yellow
                                                                  Otbar:
                                                                   D
                                                                               sispmsiots - vrnirg'
                                                                  ,\urup«r3«  Anriaonr Oxide M-320 ' XR LT3
                                                                  Othor:
D
                                                                       AQCE30S DISPCESICHS - SCO
                                                                  Podvllz  Vf-5031
                                                                  Oeharz
                                                                                                                   tad*
                                                                   (— lAQOTOOS OlSTERSICftS - YTXLOM (DIQCLORCBCalDENZ
                                                                   I   I
                                                                  Colanyl  Yellow OT 11-11O9
                                                                  Aurup«r>«  W-1041
                                                                  Barcului X-2413, X-2453, X-3611
                                                                  Saadoz:  "Graptieol Yallov* 4534-2
                                                                  Podall:  W-3827
                                                                  Otlmr:
                                                                   a
     KZSCZIIAKBODS
     COPPER CH CSBOMICM
?erro.  F 5686, 5637, 7637, 7610, 11633, 11649,
        11655, 11656
Hinhtwi  Sun 5r««n I. 9420, M«toor 741(i, 7459
B«rculM>  10342, 10329, 10307, 10402
Othari
 I	IAQOSOCS OISPESSIOKS - YTLLOK COBtAISISG LEAD
 I   IAKD/OR CHROMIUM

Hydrotin«R 0 .512, 0536
Aurup«r3e  w-1031
Harahaw B-1133
Inaone:  991 3O22 CJiroaa Loon Ydllow, 991 038
         ClrcoM H«diun Yellow
Podtll:  H3013, W3S07, IH3499, W39O3. H3904
Aquaspcrsa  377-OOO-2065
ColortreiKl  CP886S O
0£har Aqueoux Disparalonja - Yallow Cc:
and/or Chrooduats
                                                                                                            I
                                                                       nAQUEOOS DISJERSIONS - YELSCW COKBUHDC
                                                                       AMD/OR CADMIUM

                                                                  AurMp«n«R H1061, W1068
                                                                  Hercul**i  X-3291
                                                                  Podall:  W3941, H3946
                                                                  Oth«ri
                                                                                        { _ I
                                                                                                    orspsasiCHS. - ORANSZ
                                                                  Dtni«lt
                                                                              20—59 >»lyb
-------
                                    gIGMEMTS. DYES. FEOSHES ASO OISPggSIOKS  '(Cone.
  I	1 AQUEOUS OISPERSIONS - GREEN CONTAINIM3 COPPER i
  I	1 AND/OR CYANIDES

 ColanylR Green 16-2O05, 16-2001, 16-2010
 Chematron:  WDG-55,                       '         :
 Daniel:  BD2744,. UL20-77, OCS 10-70D, AC 66-78, OL 20-79
 Hydrotint  D-3658
 Aurasperse  M-60U                                 j
 "Aquis" Manastral  Green - B.GW-749-P              >
 Harshau:  "Thalo" Grean MC-O
 Imparsa' Graan - X-2346, X-24S4, X-2689, X-3244, X-3288,
 Hilton-Davis:  6-11-B-462: 6-ll-B-432» 6-33-T-410  '
 Inmont:  991-8-O41 "Phthalo" Groan a/Si 991-006 "Graan
          Phthaio" Y/A                              ,
 Landers-Segal:  3336D "Phthaio" Graen w.o.
 Podell:  W-26O3A, IW-2829
 Sandoz:  Graphtal Graan 5869-2
 Aquasperse  877-000-5 SU
 Cal-Tint  HC-3022, 3046, 3011         '            '
 Colortrend  GP-8811D                               !
 Tennecb:  "Thalo" Grean 897-000-5501               :
 Other  Aqueous Dispersions - Grean containing Copper
 and/or Cyanides:           ,                         ;

  I	I AQUEOUS OISPERSIONS - GREEN CONTAINIHS CHROMIUM

 Danial:  gcs 10-72K                                !
 Hydrotint  D-310
 Aurasperse  W 6O17                   .              ;
 Harshawr  Oxrooiua Oxide HC-K
 IMPerse  Green X2722, X3289                        ,
 Podelli  H-203S,  M2607At. W2817                     1
 AquaSpersa  877-000-4205
 Cal-Tint  OC-30OS      •     • '                     '
 Colortrend  GP-8805K      .                         :
 Other  Aqueous Dispersions - Graan Containing Chroisiuas

  |	1 AQUEOUS DISPESSIONS'- S1OE COWtAINISG COPPES Z8O/OS.
  I   ICYAMIDES                                      !

 ColanyAlue 15-1006                               i
 Chemetroa HDBS6                                    >
 Microsol  arillianc Blue 4G Pasta                  ~
 Oaniai:  AC 66-27,  WD 2223,  Ol 20-26,  OCS.10-20E
 Hydrotine  04S46
 "Aquig" Monastrai^w-37z-t,  HW-431-P               )
 Auraaparse  W4123                                   ]
 Barsnawj  "Phthalo!1  Blue MC-E, 3-4011
 IMPersa  Blue X-2345,  X-2446,  X-2687,  X-2688, X-2663, X-3221
               X-3496                               ',
 Hilton-Davisi   6-11-3-32S "Shthalo"  Bluet  6-33-T-31S "Phthalo"
                Blue (S.S.I .                         ;
 Inmont: .991 037,  991S-O4O;.
 Kodis   Blue  ti-21
 Podell:   W-6402, W-6307R,  1H-62934,  IW-«942
 Sandozs   "Graphtol"  Blue 6812-2,  6325-2
 Tennecoi   8|5-OOO-7202'"Thalo" Blue                 '
 Aqua-Sparse  "THaio"  aiua - 377-OOO;7026, 377-000-7214
 Cal-Tint'  alua ac-3O14t Colortrand  Blue - G? 8814E '
 Other  Aqueous  Dispersions  tBlue Containing Copper And/or cyanide
                                                     I	[ NOB-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - RED CONTAINING
                                                     I	I eapMitm AMD SSIBIIDM	

                                                    Inmont:  C|daiium Red - 5419, 5420
                                                    Chroma-Cal  Cadmium Had 850-000-0601, 350-000-0301
                                                    Other:
                                                     D
       NON-AQOZOCS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW CONTSIBING
       LEAD AND/OR CHROMHIM ,
                                                    Daniel:   Chroma Yellow - At 405, AL 409
                                                    Alkytint  Chrome Yellow - S-536, S-5507
                                                    Hilton-Davis i   Chrome Yellow— S-24-A-200;
                                                                   S-24-A-203; S-24-A-206>  5-42-A-201j
                                                            -      S-42-A7206i 5-83-P-3S3f  5-21-9-212
                                                    Auraeota  Chrome Yellow 5-SO-?-36S '
                                                    Inmont:   Qirone Yellow 3,6i Medium Chrome Yellow
                                                             2347,  2612,  4904, 5413, 5414,  6258
                                                    Oni-Cal  _-66 -  6604M,  6665X
                                                    Chroma-Cal  -  350-000-2006
                                                    Tennaco:  Chrome Yallow - GSD 2006: GPO 2510
                                                    Other:

                                                     i - 1 NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - YELLOW          '
                                                     I   I (BICHU1ROBEMZIDSNE
                                                    Inmont:   Diarylida Yellow 1178,  Transparent Yallow 1198
                                                    Other:

                                                     | - 1 NON-AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS  - ORANGE CONTAIHIHG
                                                     I _ 1 LEAD AND/OR CHROMIUM

                                                    Oaniai:   Molybdate Orange:  AL SIS,  UL 2069
                                                   _Hilton-Oavi3 :  Chrome Oranga  S-24-A-60Ot Orange
                                                                  Bland S-24-A-609; Molybdata  Oranga
                                                                  5-24-A-616,  5-42-A-«12j  5-83-P-635,
                                                            ,     S-42-A-61S,  S-21-P-603      -•     •
                                                    Auraeote  Holybdata Orange  5-50-R-639
                                                    Inmont:   Molybdata Orange 840, 2377,  4905,  5415,  6264
                                                    Tanneco:   Moly Orange GPO 0940
                                                    Chroaa-Cal 850-000-O903
                                                    Other:
                                                     D
       NON-AQUEOUS  DISPERSIONS  -  BLDS  COMTAIMiaS LEAD
       AND/OR CHROMIUM	
                                                   Chetatroni
                                                   Other:
                                                               "SCOT" fS-89Si  "SCOT" RS-957j  "NCMf- HS-1197J
                                                               "BCOT" RS-1795
 D
     AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS - 3UJE CONTAINING SILVER
Hydrotint  D4053.
Kodis  Blue AD-23
Landers-Segal: 5494-0 Ultramarine Blua,,WD
Podall:  W-6032, IW-6940
Aquasperse  317-000-7504 Ultra Blue     '.
Cal-Tint' Blue - UC-3074
Other:
 D
     NON-AOUEOOS. OISPERSIONS - BLUE COHTMNIHC SILVER
Alkytint  5448
Danial:  AL 221
Inmont:  6297
Tanneco:  7504
Other:
 r-1
 !	; NON-AQUEOUS OISPERSIONS - USD CONTAINING LEAD
                              Red
Daniel:  AL625
AlJcytint'  S-5022 Le. Molybdate Orange
Hilton-Davis:
other:
 'Quinacridone"
 ! Lt. Molybdat
5-42-A-123 Toluidine Rad, Dark
   |	1 NON-AC.UEOUS DISPERSIONS  - GREEN CONTAINING  LEAD
 •  I	| AND/OR CHROMIUM                                  •

 AUeytineR Green S-310
 Danial DCS 10-72S
 Tennecoi  GPO-4Z02O?, GSO-4509 CP, GPO-4208, GPD-5103'
 Hni-Cal   66-6605
 Other:

l:  I	[NONiAQUEOUS DISPERSIONS  - GREEN CONTAINING
   I	[COPPER AMD/OR CYANIDES

 Hostaprint  Green 16-2008
 Chametron:  "Phtftalo" Green FS-7S4> FS-958:
           - FS-1192, FS 1794
 HicroLtth Green G-A, G-T, G-K                     ;-
 AJJcytint  Green S-317
 Daniel:   "Phthalo" Green - AL 703, UL 20-77,
           UCS 10-70D, AC 66-78, OT 75-74, EP 30-7t,
           ST 47SO, AL 745, UL  20-79,
 Hilton-Davis:  "Phthalo" 3reen - 5-24-A-400,
           S-24-A-40S, S-42-A-4O7, 5-42-A-411, 5-24-A-435
           S-83-P-401, S-42-A-400, S-33-P-401, S-21-P-441,
           5-21-P-444, Chrome Gr. 5-24-A-406
 Auraeote . Phehalo 5-65-A-427  -
 •Innbnt:  Chrome Graen 1, 809? "Phthalo" Green
           1083, 1168, 1199, 1245, 2330,'2610, 3035,
           5412, 5447, 54r2          '
 Podeil:   2000 Sariea prafix AL. AH, AME, AV, c, CS, CU,
          DU, LA, LC, S, VT, Y
 Tennacoj  CTD-5503, GPO-4S03-L?, -AD-5503
 Uni-Cal  56 - oollR
 Chroma-Cal"  Green 850-000-3001
 Other Non-Aqueous Dispersions - Green Containing
 Copper and/or Cyanides:
                                                              159

-------
                                             ores,  nesses  XBD  3is?sasion3  (Con-e.)
 (— I SOM-AQCE003 OIS5ERSION - 3LOE COHTAINIJC COPPER.
 I  J AN3/CR CfAMISES       _ ^_
                                                                  I   l
                                                                                 OteP-saSICHS - !3UE CCNTMMIia SILVER
                            A3R-K
Alkytint  54213, 54SS7, S-1B2
S*ni«ll  At 201A. AL 231A, AL 29€B. AC 66-27, UT 7S-28,
         CT 30-23, it 4260, ML 297R, AL 298, UL 20-26.
         UC3 10-20E
Biltoa-C«vi»«,  "Cxin««» Blu«" 5-24-A-304, 302i 'ghfhala
               Blu* - S-24-A-306. 304, 308, 309, 311.
               5-21-P-33S, 337, 5-4Z-A-312. 305,  |
               S-S3-P-300.301
Auracot«  Slu« S-45-A-39S
         1190. 1202, 1211, 2609, 5444, 547S, 3034,;
         4914, 1077, 4916, 9024, 2327, 5498, 6150,
         6000 S«ri«» prefix At, AX, AKE, XV, C, CS, DO,
         tc. s, SR, sr, VT. *
          CTO-7309. 7209,
Oni-Cal £6_- 6608P, 6614O
Cnra*»-C»l  - 150-000-7202
Othur Bon-Ao»ylie
                                                                   Acidi Oi««arl E»t«)  Ethyl ?oraie  Eit«r: Phtha.lic Acidi
                                                                   Diathyl E»t«rs Ethyl  M«th»no»t«i Eehyl Phtiv«lJ.t«» Foroi
                                                                   EChari •Snorol",  "Ar«<7in«l" ,  TV««nttin«"; "Psl*tinol A";
                                                                   •Plreaalol"; "51»cidol«";  "Solvanol"
                                                                   Otimr:

                                                                    I   I PLASTICTISBS cotrnmaiic DI-Z-STHYLHEXYI,

                                                                   OOP, Phth»lic Acid, Oi-S«c-Octyl-Phth«Jl*e«
                                                                   Jcyiluc DO?
                                                                          o-DOP
                                                                             OOP, PX 138
                                                                   Suticizu  215
                                                                   Othur
                                                                   'DJ
 Ochurt
           L:c SOAPS ASP
                                s ;cs?rrs CCNTMKTMC a
 A*ro Mo. 4S O.S.P.i Dliaond 'Zinc St. H", 'ilnc St. OSP',
 •Zinc Se.  OS^ 603", "Sine St. 639C"; Nuodax US?, ;01G-10, DtS-20,
 T«chnie«l» Plynoath XXX-B. SI-36, SI-50, So. 21: i
 Uitco TUKjaiaXf  L»  V12S!S,
                                                                   V133i V1S77, V134I 71298, V152:  V1399 . V1026!
                                                                   VT.420, V1048t V1S03,  V1204r V1SS5,  V1216;  Vl'572
                                                                   Otiar Stabilizers Containing Zine and/or Cidaim:
                                                                    1212A. 1776,
                                                                    2020: 5444
                                                                    5330, 6V6A
                                                           -10-
                                                           160

-------
                                            CHEMICAL SPSCJAtTlES (Cent.)
 n
     STABILIZERS CONTAINING LEAD OS. PHENOL
Intaratab W-24
Troykydr Anti-Skin Special Mod.
         Anti-Skin Odorless
Other:

 I   I WJ.TJNO AGENTS CONTfllimia PHEKOL

Sianond:  "Hyonic" Series
Witco 936, 960, 930
Other:
  n
     MISCELLANEOUS HETTINS AGENTS
Aerosol;: OS
Troyaan  Zinc 3 ,   ,

  i—1 VISCOSITY SUSPENSION S FLOW CONTSOL AGENTS
  I	[CONTAINING TOLUENE	.	

Pliolitaa AC-3                •                .
Other:
     AHTI-SlCTHNIiK! AGENTS COMTaiHIMG PHENOLS
 n
"Cuaiacol SpeciaLC"; Troykyd"  Antiakin Special
Modified, IBoyteyd  AntisJcin Cdorlass Liquid.
troykyn  Antisfcin Si Sevillac  10, TS
Other:                         \
 n
     PPESSSVATIVgS
 "Intercida"'PMO 11*, PMA 1S», SO
 Huodex PMR-18, PMO-10
 "Troyaan" CMP Acataca. PHA10 SEP, CMP 10 SEP, PMO 30,
         . PUB, Mercuric Oxide, PMA 30, PMA 100
 •Super AO-lt"
 Other Preservatives Containing Mercury
                                                                  n.
                                                                                    CONTAINING COPPER
                                                                  Intentab "Capper Naphthenata" 6%, 3%
                                                                  "Tntercide" copper 10*
                                                                  Insotral"  CQ-A. CQ-WR, CN8
                                                                  "Nap-All"  Copper Naphthanate
                                                                  "TJvaraoJj"  Copper Haphthenata
                                                                  Troysan'  Copper 3
                                                                  Hitco"  Copper Naphthenate
                                                                  Muodex Copper Naphthenata
                                                                  "Quindex"
                                                                  Other Preservatives Containing Copper:
  D<
                                                                                     CONTAINING PSNTACHLOROPHESOL  (PCP)
                                                                  Oowicide  S, EC-7
                                                                  "Santobrite"
                                                                  "Penta"
                                                                  "Santophen-20"
                                                                  •5CP"
                                                                  Other PCP Presermcivea
                                                                   n
                                                                  "Interatab" Zinc Naphthenata 3%
                                                                  "Ttoysan" Zinc 3
                                                                  "Vancida" S1Z
                                                                  ."Bap-All" Zinc Naphthenata
                                                                  "Uverrol" ^^^** Naphthenata1
                                                                  Uitco Zinc Kaphthenate
                                                                  Other Zinc Preservativaet
                                                                   n
                                                                       OTHER PRESEBOTITIVES
                                                                  Dovacide  A
  I - 1 OSXIHC Oil. MOOtE-IED AUCCD SOLUBLE
  I _ ISAPHTHALSNB     _ .
                                          OR COHTMfTCNG
Aroplaz   310-V-SOj "Coroc" L-26-34, S-47-H4, S-4700-a4j
Reliance  AL-4313-HA-50, AL-3617-SA-SO, AL-4409-HX-SO ,
.AL-4313-HA-SO,                               .          ;
Other:                                                 ;

  r— I OICOSG on. MOorrtEo ALKIO  SOLUBLE ra OR CONTRINING
  I   I TOLUENE OR ^'X                            '
 Xoppers:   1330-27,  7365-SS-70
 Haliances  AL 4310-T-50, AL 4323-T-6O
 "Synraaatar D-30360-T, W-7170-T
 Other:
  n
     NOH-ORXIS5 i SEMI OXIDIZING OIL MOOIFIZO ALXZO SOLOBLE
     Dl OR CCNTAIIgHG SZSXZBENZEltS OR TOLOENB          '
Concheoce 323-O10             '                         f
Xoppers  99-4,  99-ES-70;  -Mirasol"  123-6-T, '131. 902,   !
RCI-12-O10,  12-021;  Helianca  AL-2107-TX-60 , AL-2313-TIB-SO,
AL-4106-1S-75, AL-4129-T-60 ;  ^Synraaata" W-7170-T      '<
Other:                                       "          I     "

  | - 1 RESIN MODIFIED  AUCfDS SOLUBLE HI OR CONTAINIMG TOLUENE
  '   I OR  H
 Aroplaz  1031-T-70:  "Mirasol", 214 ,  202-A>  Rd 10-O10,  ,
 Reliance  AL-3321-HA-50 Varicyd   310-SOHS
 Other:                   '    '

  I - ICOPOLXMER ALODS SOLUBLE' IS OR COSTRISIK3 TOLUENE OR
  I _ I NAPHTHALENE _ I

 "Chempol" !3-2444i  "Synresata"  O-98SO-S, TP-134-OAi    |
 Reliance  SY-2003-VT-SO;  "Salpol" 3713-'50E              '   '
 Other:

  (— [CSL1OLOSE RESINS SOLUBLE IN OR CONTAINING MET3TL
  LJ CHLORIDE OR  TOLUEHE    _ ___________  •

 Eastnan "CA" Series, CAB 381-O.I,  CAB 331-0. S,
 CAB 331- 2O, CAB 451-1. CAP 432-0. S                    ;
 Other:                                          ,       '
                                                                   n
      POLXESTER AUSmS SOLUBLE IK OR COHTAINING TOLtTHNE OR
      MftPHTHALZMS	
                                                                  Aroplaz  6022-S-6S, 602S-S-70, 6029-S-<5Oj Capjill
                                                                  6619/6619-70, 6620/6620-60t "Synreaate" W83270EX03,
                                                                  H876OS
                                                                  Other:           /                        .
  I   IEPOXX SOLUTIONS SOLUBLE in OR CONTAINING	

 "EPI-REZ" - 2047; Armldite* S71-T-7S, 597-ST-5S,
.597-EX-S5, 597-ST-SSj Dow D.E.R. 671-T7S; GanEpoxy
 526T-25,  Epotuf^ 33-S08, 33-507, 33-519
 Epon   Resin 1001 ST 70, 1001 CS-7S, 1001 FT-7S, 1O01 T-7S
 10O7-CT-55, 10O7-KT-SS> Vanoxy  201-T-7S, 2O1-8T-70,
 201-FT-7S, 207-iW-SS, 207-CT-5S
 Other Epoxy Solutions Soluble in or Containing Toluene t

  I	IPOLXAMIDES SOLUBLE IN OR CCNTAININC TOIJENE

  'CI3A Polyanide" 800IT60, 81ST-70; •CropoliOid" L-100 IT;
  Saery "anerez- 1SOO; Varaamid 400, Epo'tuf  37-621. 37-648,
  'anAnid  3rtrt «"--=rt
  %her:

      D™  '
      UREA
                                                                  VanAnid  30O ET-60
                                                                  Other:
                                                                                           bt ca coNraiiiiac TOLUEME
                                                                   Reliance  AM-1008-IT-SS,  AM-1012-IT-5S
                                                                   Other:
                                                                   a
                                                                                RESINS soLnaLS is OR GOHTAimas MAPHTHRLSNE
                                                                  Mnlnar  243-3
                                                                  Other:
                                                                   n
      VIHK, SOLIDS. PVD (SYBTHESIZED ?ROM VINYL. CHLSRID'Ei
                                                                  APCI  "PVC" Series; Goodsuar  "Pliovic" Series i
                                                                  OCC - Trap: VYNC. VYBD: QYUtf, VTLF; CVK7, VTSS; '7ITV,
                                                                  VYNWi QYJV, VAGH; QYOH, VAGD; QYSL, VMCH; QVSJ,
                                                                  VHCC; S-2000; VMCA; VXDS, '^ROH; VTCDS-66, VERR;
                                                                  "Saran aesin" ?310
                                                                  Other vinyl Solids, PVC:
                                                            161

-------
      r"l>oiaviH«, Msan isYirrgESizsp raoM vran. CHLORICE),      M s-mugre a vrrei, roicsre SOISHLS :n -rpta
    :* »7,  ais,  i2S.  1100,  saoo,  Asasis
 f— IJOX3VD1H. AtCOBOt, FORMAL £ SO«SM. SOlDBtS HI
 [ _ jog cetrtAiHias PKEMOI. OR TO
         Sului occ XXSL. rrss.  EMC,  EDBH
                    t vpntLSjga
Other:
  D
         S«ria»f  "Saxan tacax- 143» folidaaa  S«ria»
              s
S01I33 SOUBLg IX OR CCTTAINIMC TOS
Acryloid'" I«8U, 350, B66. 267, S72. 382
  I  J
          re soumcMS scrsatr IM on cstmnrcc i
          311—tQS,- 311-1301 O.v»cit«a 6011, 6012, 6013.
8014. 6016, 60241 G Car.  867 RJ» 60, 868 RHF 6O,
*69 KBT SOr Acryloiir fc-21, A-21LV, i-44. S-48S,
»-50. B-66, 8-72, B-82. S-fl«. »-99, C-lOtV
Oth«ri
                         soumix a o*
                                                  «i««
 lurlonr S«i««                                       ;
 Othmri

  I   IpBaMLie assiss

 >xof«n«R S«ri««j  Aa2j«rolR STS137,  Sup«r Secitacitm   '
 S«ri««i Raiehold (V)  29-000,  100,  4OO S«ri««:
 DCS  CK-12B2, CK-1634»
 3EJ.-JS20, SKS-2315, SX5C-245S.  BKS-2600, BtS-2700,
 1KS-2750I Aa«rOl  ST-149f OCC "CS" S«riu, CKSS-2001!
 7«ntalyn
 *sh*BC3*
 oehwr ;h*nolic
                                                                         .^R
                                                                 p-i OLSORESISODS VRBNXSSES SOtSBlX IS OR CCSTMSIW
                                                                 I _ iPHENOT, Ca STHYtaUCSHS     '. __ ] _ , _

                                                               Con=h«aco 385-0031 Tenneco 2-12B;  KeCl:»X«y
                                                               12225-54 SSD, 10424-55B, U233-SSEND., H32S-SO ESB,
                                                               735-41E, 10917-54EKD, 1633-58E, 162S-60N! Syncon C3-3-SO,
                                                               3024-65ENO, 133S-56E, UlSOrSlND.  10731-461, 10931-28E,
                                                               2211-46E, 320-50na3i Xalvnr' G-«3a-<06, G-S81-50H
                                                               Chempol  15-2509, 15-2518; Mjucvar  2Slfi, 2S98> Syiicon"
                                                               S«ci«a, ?-24'7, r-121.. 'losa, HIS.,
                                                               "L*vrcnr" SEries i "Sop«rior" S«r±e« ,
                                                               Oth«r  Oleorulnsus v»miiii«« Solublo la ac
                                                                      or -
                                                                       nsiii
                                                                       HapH
                                                                                soLoats is OR cosraisiJjs wiana oil
                                                                OCC-R-12J  Carqill  6106-60
                                                                Ocbor:

                                                                 I   IMKLEIC sarsnciis  sormrs  m on CONTMSIHS T

                                                                ArociiMR S20T:  syncon  HAS6OT
                                                                                               a  a  earamae
                                                                           78-|OT, Sjwncer XP 1857i  "Synre»«i:«' a83270
                                                                EX03> Sp«nli£«  Wl-301j  Sp«no«r 3V  -MOO" S«ri««
                                                                Otbwr:
                                                                 [—I M1SCILLANEOCS SOU/BLS IM OR CCHTTiUIIUS T
                                                                 I   I KETgYI. CEZ^RIEg. OR TSICHLCP^gTHYt^yE

                                                                ElvaxR 40 i "Visas' PE207, PI2071T, ?E222,  PT222T,  PS307,
                                                                PE3077, VPESS45A, VPE S571A..J HCS 10-V14
                                                                Ochar:
 CipuolR a»nz«r«j B«oi«r.« (Nitrttion Grid.)          I
 "3«niol", •Cycloh«x«tri«n«" Co»l ttaphtiia. Benzol Sydcids,
 Othur:                                              ^
 LJ B
                  ?Ot3BTE MIX
        SolVX, "Solv1 A-3Q, 'Sol*' \-el. "Solv1 A-lOOi
 Cyolo»ol  27", 2»l EsjiMOl  7200-\l Slc«ily SK-69     [
 Oth«s:

   I  l-
 Sip««olR 1° Tolu«n«, 7200, ticcol Spirits
 Toluolj H«thyl-3«ni«n«.- M«etaeid« ?henyln«eh«n«i Toluonol
 Oe^crt

   I   i
  AKICO Sol» 3» Oyelo«ol   37
  tap«»oi  Sthylbanr«n«»  Asuco  -Sup«r Si-
  Shell TS-2S8
 I	i ISOPBOaOKE

3-5-5-Trinaehyl-2-Cyclohajcan-l-On«

 I   ICAJUKMt TrrSAC3tCRI3E

Dov
                 EC; x»c!un«
                      ?«rcalcron«sh«ii«!  H«c»torin»i
                                                                   I   I
                                                                    CTT/1RC3ESZEMB

                                                                 Kooociiloro-3cnz«na> a«nznne-Oilpride ; Shanyl Chloridn
                                                                 Ashland Monoc&loro B«CZ«Q«I Dow Konocnlors 8«nzs>i«
                                                                 oth«r:
                                                                    PI 1,2.4  -T
                                                                    n!.».«.
                                                                         Ethyl«n«  Dichlorid*; Dow Echylim* 3ieaiorid«;
                                                                 Olln E£!>yl«r.« 2ic!-.lorid«
                                                                  n 1.1.1-a
                                                                 M««hyle&loroforai  1-1-1-TC2;  Cilorori:«n«i Vinyl
                                                                 Tricnlori4«i l-l-l-Triehioro«tMn«i  1-1-2 TricJtloro«chanr
                                                                 Oo« -Ciaoroeusnm-  Htt!  Qxloroeli«n« VO,  SU»
                                                                 X-Trichloro* ch«n«
                                                                 "rri«thon«"j •3«nkl«n«"
                                                                     I  !bi»
                                                                     I   |
                                                                   Trichlorcmaehan*

                                                                     I   Ij.Z - DI
                                                                   O-Oiciiloratxnzxna t ?-Oichloreb«n=an*
                                                                   Sov Ori-jjdieiioro 3cnz«n«
                                                                    ?ropyl«n« Dichlorid*
                                                          -12-
                                                            162

-------
                                                  sawarrs  (Cone.)
               CHLORIDS
Mathwu Oichlorid«> DicbloreoaeiiaiMt M««!tyla
Bichloride i M«thyl«n« bichloride
                           Dow P
 D
Tri«l«n«t Tril«n«i Trichlorani Tric)Uor«n> Algylanj
Tartimr; Trilin«, Trij Tr»thyl«ni Trothylanai    r
           Chloxylant
                                                             LJ
                                                                          OICHLORIDE
        Oichloroath»n«;  Glycol Diciiloridii  1,2 Dichloro»ch«c«i
        Etbylan* Chloride :  Ethan«-OC,  3-Dicl)lorid*; "Brocld*";
        "Oaacnntol" ;  "Borer-Sol";  "Di-<2»loro-«ul3ion" ;  "Dutch
        Liquid";  "EDC";  "2OT 1, 6S6"
         D
        Ethylan* Taeraeblorido  Tacrlchloro«thyl«n«i Otrbon-
        Oicblorid*!  Oidakua,  N«m«,  T«txacadt Tscropil,
        ?or=I«n«, Ankiloseiai  *B««-Solv";  "?«r-S«e";
        "^ttreaaolv"; "Cow-Per"
                                                             a
                                                                 HAPHTA (CCfll, TAR)
                                                            B«nzol ISO
                                                    'Company
                                          Alcnn
                                          Aacco
                                          CSC
                                          ad   ,
                                          Raic&hold

                                          occ
(V)
           Co* of CJUULCL&
             ™ Onion oil o£
- Air Products and Oxoaticals,
* '"cyronr'T^^I. Solvents Corp.
— Itoichhold Chgqic*l!f Inc.
- Varcum Ch«micaJL Division of
  Kcicnhold Ch«ndcml*
— Onion Carbida Corp.
                                                         -13-
                                                          163

-------

-------
' .  • '  .           ' APPENDIX B

CROSS TABULATION:OF AGE OF INK MANUFACTURING
    ;  FACILITIES,BY NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
                     165

-------

-------
INK iNuusTRY SURVEY-
FILE : INK (CREATION DATE
= ;03/03/78)
G56 WATER PRESSURE USED FOR

COUNT
COL PCT
TOT PCT
! — IMTA 	 = — = 	 	
C
101 TO 150 PSI
.:
51, TO 100 PSI
A
• Lii55 f.fAN 5D Hil
!
COLUMN
TOTAL


063
I
IT
I
I
—
I
I
I

.
I
I

I
-
I
I
s
i *
c
0
P

25
1

75
3
4




Tubs under 10
Water Use Per
0 50
0
.0
• U
.0

.0
.0
.0
3
.0
.0
4
.0
Q
I
-
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
r
i
i
i-
1 U 1U
B,;
; 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1
, 3
12.0
30,. 0
3.0
; 7
70.0
7.0
10
10.0
I
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
i-


U h U b b
WATER WASH



-

T A H 'D L A 1 — I U N 	 CT7 	 *
BY 063
»»•»»»»*«.•»»»»«»«•
Gallons
Tub Rinsing (Gal)
0 TO 5
A
100
1
1

84
24
, 21

36
74
64
86
"l
.0
.0

21
.0
.4
.0
64
.4
.0
86"
.0
r
• i
i
i
i
•i
i ••
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
HUW
TOTAL
1
1.0

25 -
25.0
74 /
/4.0
100
100.0

'—,
'
>



-
C56 WATER PRESSURE
'
COUNT
KUW HC T
COL PCT
TOT PCT
C
101 TO, 150 PSI '

d
51 TO 100 PSI
' • -A
Lt55 Tf-AN all HSi
COLUMN
TOTAL


G64'
I
li
TO
I
-I— •
I
I
I
r
i~"
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i

L 1
0
0
U
0

2
50
(j

U
50
0
1

USED; FOR



Tubs 10 to 50
Water Use Per
u In
0
.0
.u
.0
,
1
.3
.0
• 7
i
.0
.7
2
.4
11 1 U 3U
I C :
I
I
1
I

1
I
I
1
I-
I
1
I
I

0
o.o
6.0

J
8,.3
•'21 '.4
eLtl
11
1 U . 4
78.6
7:. 6
14 -
9*7
I
I
I
1
I
T

1
I
I
1
T
I
1
I
I
1
v, « U 3 5
WATER WASH



TABU

LAT1CTN UP *
8Y Q64" v

Gallons ,
Tub Rinsing (Gal)
o 1 u
8
0
0
0

36
40
V

i /
59
13
22
10
0
.0
•°

1 j
a
.6
• u
19
• a
.4
.2
32
.2 •
u
I
I
I
1
I

1
I
I
i
I
1
I
I

ru t>
a
1
100.0
1*0
0.7

52. P ,
19.8
l3.d
76
79.2
52. P
96
66+7
KUYl
TOTAL
I
I
I 1
I 0.7
i
I '
I
I 25.0 :
I
1
I
I 107
I 7<*.3
I -
I
i
144
100.0
.167

-------
INK INDUSTRY SURVEY
FILE
INK
(CREATION DATE = 03/03/78)
                                                 f A a ITU"
CS6

•WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH

	 'i'Ubs 51 to 100 Gallons
Q65 Water Use Per Tub Rinsing (Gal)
COUNT I
	 RtJW>tl lUVtK 1UU bi IU 1
COL PCT I 0
TOT PCT I E 10
C
101 TO

B
51 TO
A
Ltbi> I'
I
150 PSI I
	 	 I
I
-I-
	 	 1
100 PSI I
I
	 	 I
"•!•*
I
HAN STT'FS I. I
I
I
0
0.0
U.O
0.0

1
3.3
100.0
u.a
0
U.O
0.0
0.0
	 -L 	
COLUMN 1
TOTAL- 0.8
-JL-
1
I
L
I

1
I
I
i.
I
. I
I
I
— i-
0
0.0
U.O
0.0

3.3
33.3
o.a
2
66.7
i.s
3
2.3
J i
I
-I-
I
I
i
I
I
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-I'-
ll 1 U D
C
0
0.0
U.U
0.0

0
20.0
24.0
4. (3
19
76.0
14.6
25
19.2
u o
I
—
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
Iv
I
I
I
-
1 U. iU
8
0
0.0
0.0
0.0

46.7
38.9
iu.a
22
61.1
16-. 9
36
27.7
BY G65
PI^ cr —
1 A
— — "•«» — "• — '
I 1
I 100.0
I

1.3
0.8

I 26.7
I 12.3

I
I
I
—

1 56
SSTfT"
86.2
43.1
65
50.0

TOTAL
I
_ f 	 "— • 	 '-"— ' •—
™ i
I 1
I 0.8 - x
-
I

I 23,1 :
I

I 99
I / rj > e.
I
I
130
100.0
!
                                                    A  H  U  L
G56 WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
COUNT
	 kuw per
COL PCT
TOT PCT
0
OVER 150 PSI

d
51 TO 100 PSI
A
	 CESS THAN bU Vb'J
COLUMN
TOTAL
BY G66
TUDS 1U1 to 250 Gallons
G66 Water Use Per Tub Rinsing (Gal)
1UVLR 1UU 51 1U LO 11 TO b*"1 ' "~" "~~" " rr' c ^"^
I 0
IE ID 1C
I
I
1
I
-I
n >-•*-<
~I
-I
I
T
I
I

0
0.0
-1-
I
I
0
0.0
- i-
I
I
0
0.0
u a i u i u
I 8
- i— — — —
I 0
I 0.0
I
"•'
I
I
	 '0.0 i U.O i U.U i u.u L
0.0 I 0.0 I 0.0 I 0.0 I
u
0.0
0.0
1
I
I
|6.7
sn.o
1
I
I
I4*
46.7
38.9
i e
I 26.7
I 38.1
i
I
I
A
100
i
20
15

1
.0
.6
.0
.0
.8
	 O.U i 
-------
INK INDUSTRY SURVEY
FILE
INK
(CREATION DATE =03/03/78)
    G56
            •'"*• *  *  »  »..» tt a	L H U ^ b 1
             PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
                                   A  H  U L A [  i U N	0—F	*
                                            BY   Q67       WATF

COUNT
ROW H<_ I
COL PCT
TOT PCT
D
OVER ISO PSI

51 TO 100 PSI
A
~ LbbS FHflN SCT PSI
COLUMN
TOTAL



-^ 	 Tubs '
Q67 Water
I
IU
I
I
I
- I
I
I
«»T —

i
i
i
r
r
i
i
—
VtK iUO 3
0
E I
0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0
0.0
0.0
0 .0
2
3.G
100.0
3.S
2
3.5
-i-
I
I
L
I

1
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
— i—


i5JL: to 500 saxxons
Use Per Tub Rinsing. (Gal)
1 TO
C '.
0
0.0
1 0.0
0.0

.•1
6.3
25.0
i.a
1 3
7.5
75.0
5.3
7*0
1 0 i i I U b
I C
"I
I
1
I

I1 •
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.

0
0.0
0.0
0.0

o
37.5
46.2
1,0.5
*-" 7
S3. 3
12.3
13
22.8
U 6
I
I
I
i
I

t
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

ru 10
8
0
0.0
1 " 0 .0
0.0

'• , 2
12.5
18.2
3.5
9
81.8
15.8
11
19.3
"a
i
i
i
i111
I

i'
i
i
i1
r
i
i


TO 5"
A
1
100.0
• 1.7"
1.8

7-
43.8
25.9
.12.3
. 19
47.5
70.4
33.3
27
47.4

I
-1
I
I
r
i

r
i
i
r
i
— r
i
i



WOW1— 	 "
TOTAL
1
1.8

	 — rs 	
28.1
40
— 70.2 	
57
100.0
(• + *•* *-»--*--*-T» ****.**.»» *. * 	 .LnUSbTAbUL
CS6 WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
A r
BY
L 0 N U F '"••— *-
Q68 WATEi
Tubs 501 to 1000 Gallons
.-' C68 Water Use Per Tub Rinsing (Gal)
COUNT ,1
HOW HCT~l.oVtH IUO bi TO 10 11 IU bO 6 TO 10
COL. PCT: i o
TOT PCT I E I D 1C 18
\»3Q . ^»»— — — — — «.| -.^«— — — WM J>«>MOTM ^..
8 I 01 3
51 TO 100 PSI I 0.0 I 30'.0
I 0.0 1 60.0
i o.b r io:.3
A ., nr 	 1 — r 	 2~
LESS THAN 50 PSI I 5.3 I IQ'.S
I 100.0 I 40.0
-i-
I
I
1
r
-i-
-r~
i
i
2
20.0
66. f
6.9
	 	 T~
5.3
33.3
I 0
I 0.0
1 0.0
t 0.0
-I 	
~I 	 T~
I 5.3
I 100.0
0
I
I
I
i
I
•I—
I—
I
I
ro b
A
5
50.0
'26.3
17.2
14
73.7
73.7
TOTAL
I
— 1
I 10
I 3^,5
I
— I
i iy • •
I 65.5 >
I
I 3.* i. fa.y i J.A. i j.4. i 4a.j i 	 	
•I 	 -i— — .< 	 1.— 	 1 	 . 	 -j 	 . 	 !
COLUMN 1 5 31 19 29
TUTAL j . * 1 I , '£

10. J
J«*

0:3.3.
tU.I.U
                                    169

-------
INK INDUSTRY SURVEY
FILE
INK
         (CREATION DATE =03/03/78)
G56 WATER PRESSURE

COUNT
	 ROW FCT
COL PCT
TOT PCT
B
51 TO 100 PSI

A
LESS T^AN 50 PSI
COLUMN
,U,«U
?j — g — 5, — 5-
USEO ?<

C69
I
"lOVh*
I
I E
-i —
I
I
I
-I—
I
I
I
1
-I-

12
5

9
50
3

10

TUDS over
Water Use
100
1
.5
.0
-3

1
.1
.0
*O
2
. 3
3
0
I
I
I
1
I

1
I
I
i


i IU
D
1
12.5
1 U 0 e U
5.3

•u
0.0
0.0
Q.O
1
3.3
I k U
DR. WATER

1000
Per
11} 1
I
— 1_
I
I
i
I

I
I
r
i



Tub
i ro
c
0.
u.
0.

18.
100.
10.

10'.
b b r
WASH


A
1

Rinsing
3
0
0
0
0

e.
2
0
5
2
5
u u
I
—
I
I
"I
I

I
I
I
• 1


1 U
A
75
31

72
57
!*•_

73
d u L A. r— r.-0-N ; u i-
8Y 069 . .

(Gal)
3 RCTS
TOTAL
I -
6 I 8
.0 I 42.1
. y •• 1
.6 I

I 1 i.
.7 I 57.9
.11
1
14 , 19
.7 100.0
                                 i  170

-------
     :           .    <•  APPENDIX C '

CROSS TABULATION OF:AMOUNT OF WATER USED TO RINSE INK
         TUB BY WATER PRESSURE OF RINSE WATER
                         171

-------

-------
INK 1NUUS1*Y
FILE
        INK
(CREATION DATE ~ 03/07/78)

'•'. C-y
NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES


AVERAGE NUMBER OF
•G10
COUNT ' I
K0l» PCT IOVER 30 21
CUL PCT I YEARS
. , -
'EMPLOYEES
AGE OF MANUFACTURING
! FACILITIES (YEARS)
TO 30 11 TO 20 6 TO 10 3

A T I 0 N
BY aio
-
TO 5 LESS
N 3

OF *
AGE

,TMA ROW
TOT .

: 'L I
- " " OVER "I5U I
I
, I
101 TO ISO • ; I
T
I
' ' ' J ' ' ' T'
91 TO 100 ; I
I
T

i r
81 TO 90 • ' I
'''•'' • 'I
- - , -'- I
-T
, '71 TO 80 ' I
» I
~T.
fj ' I
61 TO 70 ' I
I
T
«t.
F -•••.!
51 TG 60 T
'] i
rni IIMN

1
' ^5*0
1.6
8
86.9
1-3 5
ua
0
66.7
, 3.1
0 *t

. 3
75 0
4.7
0.7
I.
, 33.3
1.6
0.2
1
20.0
1*6
0 "*

0
0 0
0*0.
0.0
fit*.

I
T
I
I
- I-
I
I
• T
L
r
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I
T
I
I
I
.1
T

I
T
I
I
-T_ T


o
0 0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Q, n
0.0
1 "
33.3
1.7
'02

; 0
0 0
0.0
d.o
i
33.3
I 7
0'.2
; 0
0.0
0.0
0 0


o:.o
0.0
AH

i
i
i
i
T _
I
I
T
I
r
I
I
j

I
I
I
T
I
I'
f
I
T
I
I
r

L
r
L
I
T in


2
50 ^0
1.6
0.4
1
11.1
0 i ft
0.2

0.0
0.0
(i j. n

1
per a
0.8
0.2
1
33.3
fl 4
0.2
3
60.0
2.4
n 7

2
£.£. t
1.6
0.4
i ik
— t 	 «
I
L
I.
T T
I
I
T
I .
T
I
I
T

I
T
I
1
r t
i
i .
T
I

I
I
T

I
T •
I
I
T

"
1
3^ n
1.0
0.2
0
0.0
n n
0.0
Q
0.0
0.0
n n

0
n n
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
n n
0.0
n
0.0
0.0
efl

0
8n
0.0
0.0
aa
	 ± —
I
T
I
I
• T -r
I
' I
T
I
T
I
I
T

I
I
i
i
T'
i
i
T
.1
T
I
I

I
I
I
^

0
n n
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
n n
0.0
Q
0.0
0.0
0 0

0
9fl
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0

20.0
2.0
rt -5

0
Of\
0.0
0.0
en
— t- —
I
T
I
1
-r r
I
I
T
I
T
I •
i
T

I
T
I
I
i — ,
L
I
r
i
T
I
I

I ,
t'
I
r
*

0
Q 0
U.O
0.0
0
0.0
Ufl
0.0
Q
0.0
(i n

0
»A
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
(} ft
u.o
ll
0.0
0.0
o n

1
2.0
0.2
An
	 ± 	
i
T -
I
I
I
I
I
T
1
I
I
T

I
r
J.
I
I
< 1-1 l-i l-
I
r
I
I

I
	
I
I
I 	

44*
9- .' '

H.O


0



3
0 7


1

J


COLUMN
. .' ' TOTAL :
(CUNT iNUtQ )

64
14. 3 ^

60
13.4
:
..,,.,.126
. 28,2

. . ,.,98. ..
21.9

. 50
11.2
•
49 4^
11.0 100.

                                       173

-------
INK INDUSTRY




FILE
    CCKEATION  UATE =03/07/78)

as
NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES

AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
[
.,10 AGE OF MANUFACTURING
'•'JlifT I FACILITIES (YEARS)

BY (210 AGE .

HOW PCT IQVER 30
COL PCT IYEAHS
rn r or T r cr

E I
/• i Y n c n T
i
i
_T
0 I
31 TO 40 I
T
1 "-" ' ' - i
I
-I-
C I
21 TO 30 I
I
T

5 I
1 n -rn "an T
i
i
T
A I
LESS THAN 10 I
T
— " 	 1
I
	 	 COL- LIMN 	

2
15.i 4-
ol4-
3
12.0
*t t 7
0.7
16
27.6
25.0

13
7 n -5
20.3
2.9
14-
7.3
•> i 4
Ci 1 « 9
3.1
fi*t
21 TO 30 11 TO 20 6
T e rn T

I
T
I
I
I
I
r
I
T
I
I
r

L
T
I
r
—4-—
I
'I
T
I


0
0 4 0
0.0
0«0
i 4
16.0
6 7
0.9
i g
15.5
15.0

1-3 7
48.3
6.5
i 16
8.3
~in 7
3.6
' bQ

I
r
i
i
i
i
T
r
i

r
r
I
I
- 1 -.
I
I
T
I


6
4.3
1.3
6
24.0
't t 8
1.3
19
31.0
14.3
^ * u

29
•5-> 7
23.0'
6.5
57
29.7
(,q -5
12.8
126

I
T
I
1
-4—
I
I
f
I
T
I
I
T

I
r
i
i
i
i
T
I

TO 10
£

z
15 'i
2.0
0.4
9
36.0
g 2
2.0
lu
17.2
10.2
•3 n

30
30.6
6.7
46
24.0
10.3
	 aa-
3
T

I
T
I
I
T -r
I
I
I
T
I
I
T

I
T
"I
I
T
I
I
T
I

TO 5
g

2
15 *v
4.0
0.4
2
8.0
4 0
0.4
•3
•3.4
4.0

14
109
28.0
3.1
29
15.1
6.5
eo
LESS THA KOw
N 3 TOTAL
I * T

I
I
1
-4-—
1
I
I
T
1
I
,'T

I
I
I
I
I
I
T
I


1
7*7
2.0
0.2
1
2..0
0.2
- -9
5.2
6.1
U.7

13
10 ^
26.5
2.9
30
lb.6
*• 1 "
6.7
43-

I
f
I
1
— T
-t t-i i-t *
I
-r
r
I
I

I
j
1
I
I
I
T
I

13
2.9

25
5.6
55
13.0
128
— 3-S-.-&-

192
43.0

TOTAL
                       14.3
13.4
28*2
21.9
11.2
11.0
100.0
                        174

-------
            APPENDIX D
  PROCEDURES" FOR METALS ANALYSIS
BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED ARGON PLASMA
              175

-------

-------
                  Determination ;of Total Metals in Water
                  and Wastewaters by Plasma Spectrometry
                          CRL Method Nos. 504-570
 Scope  and Application          •,                     .

 This procedure  is applicable to the determination of calcium, magnesium,
 sodium,  potassium,  aluminum, barium, berylium, boron, cadmium, c-hromium,
 cobalt , copper,,  lead;  manganese,  molybdenum, nickel, silver, thallium,
 tin, titanium,  vanadium,  ytrium and zinc in water and industrial municioal
 wastewaters.                    j                .         ---•-.•

 Summary  of Method                                  .              •-    -   :

 The sample .is digested  with 8 N nitric acid to near dryness followed by
 additional heating with HC1 to solubilize transition and noble metals.
 The sample is cooled, diluted to 50 ml and analysed using Inductively •
 Coupled  Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICAP).  The alkali
 metals concentrations are expressed in milligrams per liter>-'-wh-ereas-
 concentrations  for other metals are expressed in micrograms per liter.
 v:enty-two metals are routinely analyzed.                     •   - '   "

, n equipment                      j - - _     '   .                -.-••-.

 Jarrell  Ash Aiomcora.p 750.  Inductively coupled argon plasma emission
 spectrometer consisting of:    i  -   -   -
   i.      -       : •        '       '    • '   .    '-  '    	
   a.   KP generator        ••:'•_

   b.   Plasma housing

   :      -1. Water-cooled induction coil   •          .
         2. Quartz torch   ,    ,            .  •     '      .           .
         3. Cross-flow  nebulizer               ^                        .
         4. Spray chamber     ' !   .                      '
                                      '<       •      '     V
   c\   Direct reading spectrometer           -

 ,        1. Entrance slit        .                .
         2. Refractor plate at^entrance slit
         3. Grating                        ,       .       • .     -     •    -
         4. Exit slits         ';•            • '   -..'..      • •               ;•
         5. Phototubes.      .;-..-

   d.   Computer  for•instrument control      '       -

   e.   Data output device.      '          "•

 300 ml tall form benkors       '                             '
 Mettler  PR 700  Balance          !                    '   .          '
 Corning  Hot Pla'tes               ,     "~
                                 177

-------
Reagents/ Water, Glassware and Standards

Redistilled Nitric Acid '(1:1-8 Normal).
Hydrochloric Acid (1:1), Reagent Grade.

Glassware;  Beakers for digestion, after being run through diswasher, are      ;
rinsed with distilled water and placed in an aqua regia bath for at least two
hours.  They are then rinsed thoroughly and allowed to air dry.  The chemist'
performing the digestion will select his or her beakers and give each a hot
acid wash by following then with 1:1 HCl and placing on the hot plate for at
least one half hour.

The laboratory distilled water is passed through an ultrapure mixed-bed resin
column before use.  7J.1 water used [unless otherwise stated,-has been passed
through the mixed-bed resin (Super ;Q Water).
Standards:  All standards are diluted from Fisher 10Ou ppsa Atomic Absorption
standards with the exception of silver and beryllium (variaii) and Yytriuru
(made from ytrium nitrate (Y(N03)3),.
iiandards used for the ICAP; Calibration Procedure
   SOOO:  Mixed-bed resin water (super Q water)
   S001:  Cne ppm in all elements except silver and
          calcium
   AGCA:  1 ppm silver and'10 ppm calcium, made fresh
          daily.
   1000:  1000 p^n calcium  (-Fi-sher)         •             '                 •
   XXXX:  .134-8 ppm j.ron  (Fisher), FFFA matrix only.

  ocedure                         ^     •          ,
i.  A designated  al'icruot  (usually 50 ml) of well-shaken and preserved
    samnle  (pH<2) is poured off into a 300 ml tall-form beaker.   Normal
    procedure is  to place the beaker on an automatic-tare balaince and
    deli.ver 50  g  — drawing  off excess with a disposable pipet.   (This
    procedure assumes  the sample  is, of sufficiently low concentration  that
    the  specific  gravity  is not appreciably greater than one.  The  purpose of a
    mass determination rather  than!a volume one is to  eliminate  cross-contamina-
    tion) .  After the  addition of 6 ml of  8N redistilled HNO3, to the
    sample  a  ribbed be'aker  cover  is placed on the beaker and  the sample
    is  heated to  near  dryness.   (The sample is not taken to complete
    dryness to  avoid  the  loss  of  boron).  .If the  residue is dark colored
    after cooling,  an  additional  6'ml  of  8N HN03  is added  and the  sample
    is  reheated.  This process  is continued until no color change  is
    detected.

 <>.  Following the digestion,  5  ml of  1:1  HCl  is  added  and  the residue is
    dissolved and/or  placed in  suspension by warming on a  hot plate.
    After cooling,  the sample is  transferred  to  a pre—tared' 2 ounce
    polyethylene bottle and diluted ,up to 50  g.   If some solids  remain
     undinsolved,  the  sample is filtered into  a  50 ml volumetric  and then
     transferred to  a  polyethylene bottle for  subsequent analysis,.
                                          178

-------
3.   Operating Conditions
      a.
      b.
      c.
      d.
      e.
      f.
Incident RF power
Reflected RF Qower
Plasma observation height
1.1' kw
mimimized (<10 w)
 15 mm above load coil
Horizontal observation position.•.center
Aspiration Argon flow rate   0.6 L/min
Plasma Argon flow rate       22 L/min
4.  ICAP Standardization Procedure and Sample Analysis.

    Following startup, the instrument is profiled with the mereisry monitor.
    The micrometer reading is recorded,on the sheet with the i^-terelement
    correction values for the day.

    The matrix is brought onto, core and time and date established.   The
    available matrices are:   :
       CCAS:  correction for calcium
       FEAS:  correction for calcium and iron
       KlAS:  correction for calcium and iron and
              outputs potassium.

    The Q-string QEGGGA3 is se.t for standization.  This string of  commands
    will erase the burn buf f er;s, execute three burns, average them,  and
    print the average on the teletype.

    (It has hfeen f6~und that examining the -standards in-background  mode allows
    a better judgement of the'hois'e .in a given channel).

S.  The standards cited above .are run.  Once it has been verified  that the
    standards check, the value's for interelement correction for  iron and
    calcium are recorded and entered via the data base manager.  In  actual
    operation it is possible that these may vary only slightly  £5%)  from day
    to day, in which case they need not be entered.

    Upon return to the operating system, the matrix is recalled,  and  the
    blank and -1 ppm standard are checked.  If these .remain with;  in standard—
    2ation, an instrument AQC 'solution is measured.  (This AQG solution
    is simply the waste from the drain of the nebulizer, collected and
    held until it is deemed stable.  The values for this solution  are
    recorded in a log book and  compared with previous values.  This  is
    a check .for gross operator  error during standardzation..

6.  Once these criteria have been satisfied, the instrument is  rondy
    to run samples.  The blank  and 1 ppm standard should be checked
    every 30-45 min £0 establish that  the instrument has not drifted.
    The blank should also be checked if .values above detection  limits
    arc  fo-und .for tho field blanks or  digested laboratory blanks.
                                 179

-------
7.  S.tmplcs nro aspirated for  45 seconds before executing the Q string
   'QEGC which perform a single burn followed by output in concentration
    mode which-includes interelement corrections.   Longer flush times,
    nay be desired for ^samples which follow high (>500 ppcn) iron samples
    or high (>1000 ppm) sodium samples.  No other elements have been
    encountered in sufficient quantities in real samples to result in
    noticeable memory effects.     j

8.  Duplicates and spikes should be; checked against the corresponding
    samples before continuing.  This is to establish whether deviations
    occur in the digestion or measurement of samples on the ICAP.  If
    it is found that the digestion is not at fault, restandara-isation
    on the ICAP is recommended.

9»  Saraples at high levels are routinely diluted 10-fold to determine
    if results for all elements are valid or the result of i^tererence
    not accounted for by the matrix ISCC's.

    The paper tape from the teletype is read into the DG NOVA and the
    report plus QC check is performed by programs written, in BASIC.

Quality Control                    \  •
Four typos of quality control samples are put through the digestion
process at the sane time as the samples.  I-n a typical run of £0rty
samples there are in addition, four blanks, 4.AQC solutions, 2 dupli-
cates, 2 spikes.

    1.  Blanks:  These are simply the laboratory super Q water carried
        through the -s~ame digestion [process as the samples.  Tr>e; blank
        data is summarized periodically and is used to determine detec-
        tion limits for the method  (average and 2 standard deviations).

    2.  AQC Solutions:  A series of solutions were made to cover the
        ranges measured for each parameter.  These were arranged in
        Youden pairs approximately  as  follows:  10 ppm - 8 praa; 1 ppm -
        800 ppb; 100 ppb - 80 ppb.  Two pairs of these solutions are
        digested as part of the run.   This is separate from the instru-
        ment AQC and calibration procedure mentioned earlier.

    3.  Duplicates:  Two samples are chosen to be analysed as duplicates are
        carried through the digestion  process.  The results for these are
        expected  to be within  10% of each other for each elenient, for concen-
        trations  in the working range  (blank one -r 10  standard deviations).
              f!:   Two  n.implo:.  arc  chonon  to  bn  analyzed An  npLkos.   A table
         of spike concentrations in'terms of final concentrat-ions is formulated
         Spike recoveries  are • determined  if  the sample  is less  than 2001; of
         the cxcldorl spike.
                                            180

-------
                          Routine1 Maintainance

Following four days of operation the torch and nebulization spray chamber
should be acid washed.  Before the torch is removed and after it is replaced,
statistical programs are run to determine the standard deviation of all  the
lines when aspirating blank water.  Dark currents are also examined in this
manner.  A reading of the profile1 meter is taken for'each element both before
and after cleaning while aspirating both blank water and the 1 ppm standard.
When the torch'is replaced, coarse alignment is made using a 1000 pom yttrium
standard to center the image on the slit.  Fine' adjustment of the mirror is
made by maximizing-the signal to noise ratio on the lead line.

Once a month/ statistical programs are run.to maintain an historical record of
intensities obtained on each line for the series of standards.

Calculations                      ~.

These are done by the computer program .(written in basic) including
insertion of dilution factors to give results in mg/1 for calcium,
magnesium and sodium and ug/1 for the other metals.

                               Reference

1.  Manual of "Methods for'Chemical -Analysis' of""Water and Wastes"',
    U.S. Environmental 'Protection! Agency, Office of Technology Transfer,
    1974, Washington, DC, pp 78-155.
                             ' i   i
2.  "Simultaneous Multielement Analysis of Liquid Samoles by Inductivelv
    Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic - Emission spectroscopy" , U.S. Snvironmu.ital
    Protection Agency.  Region V/; Central .Regional Laboratory, Chicago,
    Illinois, (unpublished)..
                                   181

-------

Ag
Al
B
Ba
Ca(l)
Ca(2)
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
Name in nm
Silver 328.1
Aluminum 396.2
Boron J249.7
Barium 233.5
Calcium 393.4
Calcium 364.4
Cadmium 226.5,
Cobalt 238. 1
Chromium 267.7
Copper 324.8
Iron 259.5

Mg
Mn
Mo
Mi
Pb

Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn
Name x i n nm
MagnesTurn 279.6
Manganese 257.6
Molybdenum ' 203.8
Nickel 341.5
Lead 220.3

Tin '190.0
Titanium , 334.7
Vanadium 309.3
Yttrium 417.8
Zinc 213.9
                       ELEMENT LIST AND ANALYTICAL LIMES   ,





                                TABLE I









A list of the elements- currently analyzed by the CRL ICAP-AES instrument and



the emission line chosen for ;each element.
                                           182

-------

Ag
AT
«3
Ba
Ca
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
D.L. LQD :
ug/l ng/l
4 20 ;
7 35 .
3 15 '
i - 5 ;
<0.5 1 i
2 10 i
4 20 .. !
1 5 ,
1 5 ;
2 10 :











Mg
Mn
Mo
Ni
Pb
Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn
U.L. LQD
ug/l iicj/1
<0 5 1
1 5
5 25
15 75
12' 60
12 60
1 5
1 5
~1 5
1 5
                                  Five Runs over Three Months






        ' ,            MEAN*DETECTION LIMITS



      AND LOWEST QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINATE CONCENTRATIONS (LQD)







                        ;   TABLE 2










The detection limit (D.L,.) is the amount of material that will produce-



a signal that- is twice as large as the standard deviation of  the noise-.



The lowest quantitative determinate concentration  (LQD) is 5 times the



D.L. and is the lowest concentration one can expect to report.
                              183

-------

-------
      .  APPENDIX  S



•LIST OF PRIORITY  POLLUTANTS
           185

-------

-------
                            APPENDIX E
                      List of 129 Priority Pollutants
Compound Name
 1.  *acanaphthene \   •
 Z.  *acraleirr
 3.  *acrylanitrne;
 £..  *benzane      :
 5.  *banzidine    i
 ff.  *carbon tatraichlorfde (tatrachlaraniethana}
     *ChTorfnatad benazanas (othar than
          dich-iarobenzanas)
 7.       chTorobenezsna
 8.       1,2,4-trichlorofaanzana
 9.       hexachlarobanzane
  1   *ChTorinatad ethanes (including 1,2-
  I        dicnioroecrtana, 1,1,1-trichloro-
          ethana and hexachlorcethane)
1Q»       1,2-dichlaroethans
H.       1^1,1-trichloraathana
12.       haxachloroathane
13.       Trl-dichTaroathane
H.       T,l,2-trichToroathane
15..       T,T,2,2-tatrachloraethane
             t     11
16.       chloraethana
     *Chloroal'
-------
18.
19.

20.
2T.
22.
23.
24.

25;
26"..
27-

2S.


25.
30.
31.

32.
33.
"34.
    bis(2-chloroethly) ether
    2-chloroethyl vinyl ethsr (mixed)
*Chlon'natad naohtalene
    2-chloronaphthalene
*Chlorinatad phenols  (other than those
    listed elsewhere; includes trichloro-
    phenols arid chlorinated crssols)
    2,4.',S-triehloraphenol
    parachlorometa erase 1
*chl orofonn (trichlorcmethane)
*2-chloraphencil
*0ichlorobanzanes
    l,2-dichlaroben22ne
    1,3-dichlarafaenzene-
    1,4-dichlorofaenzsne
*0ichlorobenzidine
    3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
*0ichloroethylenes  (1 ,1-dichloroethylena
    and  T,2-dichlorGethylene)
    1,1-dichloroethylane
    l,2-trans-dichlort3ethylene-
  *OichloroproJ3ane and  dichloropropene
     1,2-dichloropropane
    1,2-dichTqroprcpylene  (1 ,3-dichloroprcpene)
  "^^-di methyl phenol
                         E-2.
                        188

-------
       *D1m'troto1uena
35.       2,4-dinitrotoluene
36.       2,S,-dinitratoluene
37.  *l,2-diphenylhydrazine
38.  *ethylbenzene;
33..  *fTuoranthene:
     *Haloethars  (other than  those listed
          eisswnere)
40.       4-chlorophenyl  phenyl  ether
                   I
41.       4-bromaphenyl  phenyl ether
.42.       bis(2-chtoroTSopropyl)  ether
43.       bis(2"-chloraethoxy) methane
  ;   *Halomethanas\(other than those- listed
          iTiewHere)
44.       nsathylene chlorids  (dichloromethane)
45.       methyl chloride (chlororaethane)
45..       methyl bromide (bromamethane)
47..       branafann (tribrarnomethane)
43.       dichlorofararaamethane
49.       trichlora-fluoromethane
50.       dichlorodifluoromethane
57-       chlorodibrcmainethane
5Z.  *hexachlorofautadiene
53.  *hexadilorocyclopantadiene
54.  *1sophorone
                             E-3
                            189

-------
55.  *naphthalane
56.  *nitrobenzsne
     *Nitrophenols (including 2,4-dinitrcphencl
          ana ainTcrocrasal)
57.       2-nitraphenql
55-       4-nitraphenol
59.      *Z,4-dinitraphenol
60.       4,S-
-------
73.        faenzo (a) pyrena  (3,4-banzapyrene)
74.        3,4-banzaflucranthena
75.        benza(SOfluoranthane  01,12-bsnzofluaranthane)
75.        chrysene
77.        acsnaphthylane
78-        anthracene  •
79w   ;     benzo(ghi)peryTena (1,12-banzapsrylene)
SQ«        fluroena    |
SI-        phenatftrsna '
82.        difaanza (a,h)anthracsne  (1,2,5,6-d-ifaanzanthracane)
83.        indano (l,2,3-cd)pyrsne (2,3-o^phenylanepyrane)
84:,        pyrane
85".  *tatrach1oroathylane
Sff.,  *toTuene          ;
87.  *trichloroathylane:
88.  *viny1 chloride (chloraethylena)
Pesticides and Metabolites
89".    ,    *aldHn
90.        *dieldrin   .:
                       i
$7.        *chlordane (tachm'cal mixtura S metabolites)
*QDT and mataboTitss   ,
9Z..   ;     4,4'-ODT    '
95,.        4,4'-ODE" (p.p'-OOX)
94.        4,4'-ODD (p.p'-TDE)
                             E-5,
                             191

-------
*andosulfan and metabolites
95.        a-sndosulfan-Alpha
96.        fa-<5ndosul fan-Seta
97.          endosulfan sulfata
*endrin and metabolites
98.        andrin -
9Sv        endrin  aldehyde
*heotach1or and metabofi'tas
100.       heptachlor
TOT.       hejatachlor epoxida
*hexadrTQrocycTohexane (a'T  isomgrs)
T02..      a-BHC-Alpha
TQ3.       b-SHC-8eta
104.       r-BHC  (lindane)-Gainna
TQ5.       g-SHC-Oelta
*po7ychtorinatad  biphenyls  (PC3's)
1QS.       -PC3-T242 (Arochlor 1242}
T07.        PC3-1254 (ArodiTor 1254)
           .PC3-T221 (ArooHlor 1221)
            PC3-1232 (Arochlor 1232)
 TTff.       PG-6-124S (Arochlor 1248)
 m..       PC3-12SO (Arochlqr 12SQ)
112.      -PCS-IOIS (Arochlor 1016)
113.  ~*Toxapheife   ~"
 114.        *Ant1ntony  (Total
 115.        *A:rsenic  (Total)

                               £-6
                              192

-------
'its.
 117.
 us.
 119.
 120."
 121.
 122.
 123.
 124..
 125.
 125.
 127.
 123.
 125.
          (Fibrous)
*Saryniu» (Total 3
*Cadnriuni (Total)
*Chrosriura (Total)!
*Copper- (Total)
*Cyanide (Total) .
*taad: (Total)
*Mercury (Total)
*NicxeT (Total)  ;
*Seleniunt (Total),
*SiTver (Total)
*Thallium (Total),
*Zfnc (Total)    ;
**2,3,7,ff- tatrathlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
   *Specific csmpounds  and chemical  classes  as  listsd
    in the cansant degree.     ;
 **This compound was speciflcalTy  listad in  the  consent
   degree.  Because of the extreme taxi city  (TCDD).  We  are  reccroending
   that laboratories not acquire analytical  standard for
   this compound.
                              193

-------

-------
   '      APPENDIX F




LIST OF SAMPLING CANDIDATES
               195

-------

-------
                       ,  APPENDIX P
                       t    '     ..          '

                 LIST OF SAMPLING CANDIDATES
CATEGORY •! - Paste Ink Only

Capitol Printing Ink Co.
806 Channing Place, NE
Washington, DC 20018

Inmont Corporation
4700 Paddock Rd.       ',
Cincinnati, OH 45229

CATEGORY 2 - Paste Ink Plus Water Flexo

Braden-Sutphin Ink Co.
3650 E. 93rd St.       ;
Cleveland, OH 44105

Morrison Printing Ink Co.
4801 W. 160th Street
Cleveland, OH 44135

wikoff.Color Corp.
410 So. Gardner Ave.
Charlotte, NC 28208    i

Roberts &t Porter, Inc.                           -   .
1001'Morse Ave.
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007'


CATEGORY 3 - Liquid Inks '- mostly solvent, some water
C - P & W Printing Ink Co 'f
3389 Powers Avenue
Jacksonville, PL 32217

American Inks & Coatings
P. 0. Box 217
Volley Forge, PA 19481

Richardson Ink Co.     :
3901 W. Rohr Ave.
Milwaukee, WI 53209    |

J. M. Huber Corp.      I
Raritan Center
Edison, NJ 08817       ''.
Thiele Engdahl
6699 Winthrop Street
Addison, '.IL 60101
                             197

-------
CATEGORY 4 - Paste Inks, Liquid Inks.- broad product mix -
                                                (heterogeneous)
Flint Ink Corp.
25111 Glendale Ave.
Detroit, MI 48239

A. J. Daw Printing Ink Co.
3559 So. Greenwood Ave.
Los Angeles, CA 90040

Sinclair & Valentine Co.
5560 Doolittle Rd.
Jacksonville, PL 32205

Sun Chemical Corp.
3301 Hunting Park Ave.
Philadelphia, PA 19132

CATEGORY 5 - Speciality
Colonial Printing  Ink Co.
180 E  Union Ave.
E. Rutherford,  NJ  07073

K. c.  Coatings
500 Railroad Ave.
N. Kansas  City, MO 64116

Naz Dar Co.
1087 No. Branch St.
Chicago, IL 60622
                          198

-------
   ' APPENDIX G



SAMPLING PROCEDURES
       199

-------

-------
         PROCEDURES '
     Following the selection of sampling sites, final preparations
were made for the field activities',.  The sampling protocol develoaed
by EPA (Draft EPA Sampling Protocol for Measurement of Toxics , '
October 1976) was used as a basis -for sample collection.  However,
due to the nature of wastewater treatment at the sites selected,
some modifications to the EPA protocol were required.  These
modifications, which were approved, by the Project Officer, are
described below.  Additionally, all samples analyzed for toxic
substances were run 'in accordance with EPA Draft Analytical Protocol
for the Measurement of Toxic Substances , October 1976.              ~

Protocol Modifications            ;

     The protocol developed for priority pollutant sampling recommends
the' collection of composite samples.  Since, at three of the six
plants visited, ink' process wastewater is collected over a period
of time in holding tanks, the recommended composite sampling
method was not necessary..  At the remaining three plants, conroosite
samples were taken at the discharges from hot caustic' tub washers
on the days that they were operating.
                                  l
     Besides the collection of grap samples, some modifications of
che protocol's sample preservation methods were recuired.  In
order to correlate the data between this sampling program and the
one conducted during the 1976 study, the preservation method
recommended in the protocol for the phenol fraction was changed.
The protocol shows phosphoric or sulfuric acid alone being used
for phenol sample preservation.  For the 1976 study, samples were
preserved in accordance with the guidelines established under
section '304g of the: Act  (Methods for Chemical Analysis of_ Water
and Wastes, U.S. EPA, Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1974).
Specifically, the phenol fractions; were preserved with copper
sulfate plus phosphoric acid.  To maintain uniformity, cooper
sulf ate and phosphoric acid were also used to preserve phenol
samples collected during the 1977 sampling program.

     An additional, variation related to the protocol required
precautions against the presence of residual chlorine in samples.
Sample fractions collected during the 1977 sampling program were
not checked for residual chlorine in the field*.  This procedure
was deemed unnecessary because all' of "the plants sampled discharge
to publicly owned treatment works precluding the need for effluent
chlorination.  This fact was. verified in the field by the sampling
teams.
                               201

-------
Sample Collection _

     Table G-l summarizes the number of samples taken at each site
during the 1977/78 sampling program.  The four possible sampling
points at each plant were as follows:

     (1)  Intake Water or plant water supply - These samples were
          collected and analyzed to obtain background measurements.

     (2)  Untreated Wastewater - Tub and equipment cleanings.
          Composite samples were taken of the water rinse discharge
          from hot caustic washers at three of the plants.  At the
          other three plants the untreated wastewater was collected
          in holding tanks prior to outside disposal or discharge
          to the sewer.  At these plants, grab samples were taken
          from the tanks after! the wastewater was mixed to ensure
          a representative sample for the collection period.  The
          length of collection period ranged from a few hours to
          over two weeks, depending upon .each plant's production
          schedule.

     (3)  Treated Wastewater -L At five of the six plants the
          untreated wastewater was combined with other plant waste
          streams  (e.g., cooling water, boiler blowdown) before
          treatment or disposal.  Consequently, no treated waste-
          water samples were taken at these plants.  At the remaining
          plant, a composite sample was taken before the treated
          wastewater was discharged to the sewer.

     (4)  Sampler Blanks -  Deionized water was run through the
          automatic samplers prior to taking composite samples.
          This was done to ascertain the amount of hydrocarbon
          contamination introduced by the sampler tubing.

     At two of the six plants, more than one untreated sample was
taken to account for possible variability in wastewater composition.
After the samples were taken, they were properly labeled, packed
in  ice, and shipped to the appropriate laboratories for analyses.
In  most instances, the samples were shipped by air freight and
received at the labs within 24 hours after sampling.  A chain of
custody forms, signed by the samplers, accompanied each set of
samples back to the labs.

Inventory of Sampling Points

     Table G-2 presents pertinent information regarding each
sample  taken during the 1977/78  study.
                                202

-------
                                   TABLE G-l


                      NUMBER OF SAMPLES FHOM EACH INK PLANT
Plant
7
10
19
21
22
23
Total
Type -of
Treatment •
A
B
. A
A '
^sTc,^)
B,C
Type of !
Samcle
Grab
Composite
Composite
Grab
Composite
Grab
Intake
1
' 1
1
1
2
1
7
Dntreated
2
3
1
1
2
1
10
Treated Samnler Blank

1
1
(D

2 4
Type of Treatment

  A - None               ,
  B - Gravity Separation
  C - Settling and Clarification
  D - Neutralization
                                          203

-------
  1977*1373  Inventory of SaispJ.* Poin«
            Paint/Infc Indtiicry
Bums, and Boa/Richardson Asoociacaa SaapLiag Pragma

1-1-tl

1-l-r
l-L-t

1-Z-*
1-2-T
1-3-il
1-3-t

2-1-t
1-1-*
2-1-S
2-1-a.
2-3-R
2-3-1!
2-3-S
Z-4-fl
2-4-f
!•-+••
3-1-11
3-1-1:
3-l-S

3-2-R
3-J-t
3-2-3
3-3-«
3-3-1T
3-J-iI
4-l-a
4-l-t
4-1-T
4-1-3
4-2-a
4-2-t
4-l-S
4-3-fl
4-3-t
4-3-S
3-i-a
5-1-t
J-l-C
S-l-S
3-2-*

5-3-R
s-3-r
5-3-3
5-3-*"
s-s-r>
5-3-5*
S-l-R
Srl-t
S-l-t
5-1-5
6-2-X,
5-1-T
6-Z-S
S-3-R

4-3-S
7-l-R.
7-2-*


7-2-t
3-1-%
3-1-t
8-1-3
3-3-R
3-Z-t
S-Z-T
3-2-S
8-J-*

a-i-i
9-l-R
3-1-1!
9-1-S
3-l-S
9-Z-a.
t-Z-S



S-A-001
S-*"01S

S-t^OOl
3-L-O02
3-1-004
5-8-OOS
5-C-016
3-0-017
S-G-021
5-4-022
5-«-023
5-?-O2*
S-T-02S
5-T-026
5-HT-067
5-HT-36&
5HT-OS9
s-r-ooi
5-?-O02
5-JMJ03
5-^-O04
3-3-013
5-S-019
3-3-020
3-f-027
!-r-o:a
5-?-029
s-r-oos
3-7-004
5-0-003
5-C-007
$-r-o30
s-r-03l
5-T-O32
S-f-038
S-f-037
S-F-031
s-r-oo9
5-r-oio
s-r-ou
S-F-O12
s-r-ou

J-f-033
3-r-034
3-r-O35
j-r-oio
j..f_^43
5-f-064
3-C-040
5-C-039
3-C-041
S-«-
-------
                    ttff A (Canr.)
3tft Cad*
9-2-3
9-3-R
9-3-T
9-3-3
10-1-R
10-1-1
10-2-R
10-3-R
U-i-R
U-l-t
12-l-R
12-1-t
U-l-R
13-1-1
13-1-T
13-1-S
13-2-R
ia-2-r
13-2-S
13-3-tt
13-3-T
13-3-S
14-l-R
14-1-1
14-1-1
14-1-S
14-2-R
14-2-T
14-2-3
1S-1-I
is-i-a
IS-I-T.
1S-2-R
1S-2-T
13-3-R
1S-3-T
16-t-R
16-1-1
17-1-R
17-1-t
17-1-T
17-2-S
17-2-T
17-3-n
17-3-rT
18-1-R
18-l-t
18— 1-T
13-2-R
1B-2-T
18-3-R
18-3-T
.13-3-6
19-1-R
19-1-1
20-1-R
20-1-:
20-1-t
20-1-S
20-2-R
20-2-1
20-2-3
20-3-R
20-J-T"
21-1-R
21-1-1
22— 1-tt
22-1-1
22-1-T
23-1-8.
23-1- t
SESA Ceda
5-a-oos
5-C-O48
3-C-OS2
5-C-OS3
5-C-040
5-C-041
S-C-O47
S-C-OS4
5-C-06S
3-?-066
s-r-070
5-r-on
S—S-O10
3-S-Oli
3-»-012
S-a-ou
3-C-05S
S-C-OS8
3-C-037
5-C-OSS
S-C-039
S-C-060
S-a-OM
S-a-oiS
5-3-016
S-a-017
s-s-ois
s-a-019
3-3-020
s-a-021
5-S-022.
5-^—023
S-S-024
S-S-025
S-a-026
S-H-Q27
5— ff*O28fL
5-H-029S.
5-S-O2E8
5-B-029S
S-B-030
S-B-031
3-S-032
S-C-064
S-C-065
S-g-033
3-B-O34
S-C-063
S-C-073
S-fi-037
S-J-001
S-rJ-002
S-J-003
- S-C-061
S-C-OS2
3-C-066
S-C-067
3-C-068
5-C-069
5-C-070
5-C-071
3-C-077
S-B-038
S-fi-039
S-S-035
3-3-036
5-e-ooi
3-S-002
3-E-003
5-•— ^ Cassnad
g»««j< Cassiad
Eire 1S449213

g,^^ Car-i«d
Hand Cazriad




COO on ;r*Mrra
-------
                                                 T3SL3  ?-2

                              PAST Bi  S»V BXSXXaa. OFTICZS SMCTLIHO ?3CG2UM
ana
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
S
£
t
4

7
7
12
12
12
12
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
23
23
23
23
2S
28
26
2S
25
27
27
17
27
27
28
28
3*m
3. •*
T -
3 -

KB-SCC*
00215
00214
00216
00217
0012»
00128
00130
00131
C0119
00118
00120
00121
00082
000*1
COQH
00084
00113
CO 112
00114
00115
OOO89
000(7
00123
00122
00124
00125




























11* 7oiBts
Raw Vasxawacaz
TXaacad XUCM
51ui$?«
Ta? Uaear
Rational Saapl*
08-OS-OU9S02
08-OS-OU9SOI
08-03-OO9S03
aS-03-OU9S04
08-03-O129302
08-OS-CMZ9S01
OS-03-OS9303
Oa-OS-OB9S04
O30S02
C330S01
O30303
CU0304




O01S02
001301
OOIS03
C301304


C331302
C331S01
C331S03
031304
08-OSHB61302
08-OS-M19J03
aa-os-E6i9504

SOI
3O4
309
3O2
SOS
303
SOS
307
1320 ;
1321
1S23
1524
1223
1319
1311
1344
1343
0803EG1S302
080SBHB301
08051013304
080SZC1SS03
OSQSEG1S30S
PS- 1



wear



I
I
s
a
I
T
S
ft
t
T
3
a
I
T
3
a
I
y
3
R
I
a
r
T
3
a
I
t
s
a
T
I
a
T
a
T
3
a
7
a
T
I
a
z
T
S
a
t
T
3
L
a
i






10/3/78
10/4/78
10/4/78
10/3/78
10/3/78
10/3/78
10/3/78
10/3/78
10/S/78
10/6/78
10/6/78
9/19/78
9/19/78
9/20/78
9/20/73
10/4/78
10/4/78
10/4/73
10/4/78
9/19/78
9/19/78
10/S/73
10/3/7S
10/6/78
10/6/78
10/11/78T
10/11/78
10/11/78
10/11/78
6/2S/78
6/27/78
8/27/78
8/27/78
6/27/78
6/27/7S
6/27/78
8/27/78
7/11/78
7/11/78
7/12/78
7/12/78
7/12/78
7/11/78
7/11/78
7/14/78
7/14/78
3/16/7S
8/1S/78
8/21/78
3/18/78
3/16/78
1/23/78
1/25/7S

Baza* and 3o«
ET -Howard n
Ml - Mark Sadc



H3
M3
MS, PS
MS, IS
MS, PS
MS, PS
M3*JS
M3,P3
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
S3 ,39
MS.fS
XS.iS
MS,;S
MS
MS
MS, 73
H3.JS
MS
MS
MS
MS
M3
M3
PS
PS
73
PS
PS
73
73
PS
MS
MS



MS
MS







Of
er
?«raenn«l

lilac
nraki
?!l - Paul scorch


EH of tta
SM ovganic ^"^*
EM mo«iv«d by
CM 12/13/78
£H
EM
EM
33
S3
S3
S3
HK
WK
«C
VE
SB
S3
S3
sc
•nc
HC
S3
S3
SB
S3
C3
C3
at
C3
PCS
?<•
?G
pa
7^
pa
pa
7G * On* slud^a samp]
GO rapnsancs aj^ 3
G3 batcfaa* o£ vtr.
SD

-------
               ;  APPENDIX  H  .






ANALYTICAL  DATA  FROM INDIVIDUAL PLANT SITES
                  207

-------

-------
LU
i-
-t-[—
                        iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
      zzzzzzzzz
      3 33 333333
      ^(-•-•-i-l-r;!-;-

      zzzzzzzzz
 O LU
 Z CO
  UJ
  X
  to
 i- en
 zui
 LU _<
 zsz
 -JI Z)
 u.

 It's
     zzzzzzzzz
     333333333
     I- 1- i- i- t- I- !- •- .
     oooooaoco
     z z z z z z zz z
  _
_• -H-l— I— f^l— f— i— H-Hr-i— h- i—>— r-)— t— >->—(— Ki— 1— p-f— f— «
                           oooacooooaaooaaoaoooooooaaoob
                        zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
                          .  >-h-}— (— i— i— f— i— :— r-i— :— f—i— I"*— J— H-f—(— i_i— u. i_i_
                 o a o o a o o CiO oo-ooooooaoooooociboaboo
                 Z Z Z Z_Z Z Z Z'Z ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
                                                                                        a
                                                                                        z
                                                                                        LU
                                                                                        C£
                                                                                         Z 3 LU >-
_1 3 i-i t£. a Ci
_J <-< Z LU >-< 3
v z o u_ z a u
a: a ci o. c -i M en en
CD CD _l _J
z z a o LU • en
^cn^coco_jen3
LU _J to i-i en en
en a a * * h- I-H
' -izi-icnciL^ ->-i-_ji-3Li:o
u_j_i<:zz:oooiT-HL-^(--i
z en en i- M '
Tiii -o r^.m ,
•1 PJ M H PI
f
rsrsrsNrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrs









^^
i

_l CD
1 Z
CD -'

MANGANESI
CALCIUMd
MAGNESIUi


rs rs rs














•^

iaJ 3 3 Z
h- a l-l 1-4 3 Z
z _i iii z a i-i 3
O *£ >- >-en


rsfsrsrsrsrsrsrs
                                                                             . -i EN i-i  Z •-
                                                                                     Ij.
                                                                                       U5
                                                                                     >- LU
                                                                                        .
                                                                                     Li Z
                                                                                     a -
                                                                                       z
                                                                                      I 
-------
c;
01
I-
CO O O '

T* I V '

                                                                         I _J      -I _J
u
        SZEZZSXZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
                                                                                              ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
                                                                                                                                                             u;
                                                                                                                                                             i-
                                                                                                                                                             en
^ ui
^ >-
-10
<: z
>
O LI
C CO
                                                                                                                                                    UI
                                                                                                                                                    Li
                                                                                                                                                    
: zz z :
       3 :
                  ;zzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z-z z
                  1333333333333333333
                                                                                                                                                             z-

                                                                                                                                                             en

                                                                                                                                                             S
                                                                                                                                                          O, Ul
                                                                                                                                                          Z I-
                                                                                                                                                          ~
Z
Ui .
3.
u.
z
                                                     O
                                                     F)
                                                                     M   N in O
                                                                                        T-H Q TH  O- 0-
                                                                                                         o o o
                                                                                                         ro M TI
                                                                                                                                                          o .    UJ    X Ul
              Z    Z    O.I-
             - to ui <:       • x
   X I-
   UJX
   XCu
Ul -J
Z >• _l
UJ X >-
_]!->-
t UJ 3
X  I «
I- N 1
X — Z
u. en i
->
«   >-
_i   ~
•C   I-
X Ul Ul
t- z o
X Ul C£
a. a: O
   x _J
_i >- x
>- 2. U
x -i XUl
a a. i-
zulr
O >H  _j 3
C Z  _J >-
M Ul  >- Z
h- en  cc Q
z ci:  ui -iDD
                                                             _.   2    « eb eo o                 ^    -.- •
                                                            i w a H.    zrx:i:«_i_l_i_i-ii-_j
                                                        o >-
                                                        u u
                   3~.w^.    -lU|l-lX^-tlXCiejH>OI— )— t— h- HI>^- t Ul
a u a
Z ^ CD
 >- .01
         «r *o  o
                  •cnin-ocnO'-iiiTr'«'rinrsc3i
                  •^tf3*O«otsCOCOCO^i—4TH*H-
                                              • O ^ PI 1*3 T in *0 N G3
                                              I PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI
         CJ PI M PJ CM CM M CM PI CM PI PJ PI CM  PI CM f-l PJ PI PI P-l PI PJ PI P-l PI PI PI PI PI CM PI PI PI PI PI PI PI CM CM PI PI PI P,l P4 CM PI P-l PI PI PI PI
                                                                                                                                           O  <:
                                                                                                                                           >-i  CO
                                                                                                                                           C£


                                                                                                                                              Z


                                                                                                                                           CL
                                                                                                                                           Ci.  Z
.- a
Z uj

-------
                                                                                 i
S  iiIll5iiiiilIlIi-Ii§iii5si = 3555555355.3~£S3S35553335S = SS,S3 = = 35~S = 3 55S3SS5S33  =
H  2255S55225;s'222555£55£225:£555-555S2552.2a:2£:25 5*2 22*5 255-^55 5-2 2 555 22252 5525255222  ^



2  iSiiiziliiiliiiliiiii'IIIiliiilijiliiliglllililiiiliiiiiiiiltliiil iiililllli  -






fs'.Ij                                                             - •                          *"
" ~       f            .                  i   ..?..-..*,    •            _. •          .   _;
 _.      -                                    . -;      .    h   -     .     .      .  .        .




>j              ••-•           •      r  •;.-•     '   ./',    .             .•    i






 .'.','                         •     -               ,            .                   ^

Hll§§ = 5§B§l53H§l§§§HllH3§------s — 5 S S S SS3S55S55 5SS3HS53 S55S5S55SS53S 5555555=55  §
-.ZrS^IEHSilSS^SSSS^S^SsS^StsSE^SS^S^ESS^KijSSSSSSiESSS-SSSSSSSHsSSS^:!^^^ 2222S55522  -



z'-siiiiiiiiiilllli'iiiiiiliiilii'iilililiiiiliiillliiiliiiliiliiiiil iliiliiill  \








-5cc^o> o-rco- ocor. oooo^ocoooooosoicoiiocooooo-.o-cc«o-«.i;c-' s. — ^ — ^i  -3 tj ri — -« c —
= -     — -    «        ' w   o*       z  z   z z — o o  3 o  si —  —   o ' o u- > -v. v.-   .- — -^ r. - ,-. -^ -i  =  ri  , K ^ -
— —    _  -•                 "i             .   n -o«  r-i r-4 . - *n n  v   a rj r-i s- rx ii   =• r. •*• L* -•; —      —     . t~ <-: ^
_—                      ^                                «         i-,_            .—""

-"                  '              "      '                            .    -                  - %

                         3 -j — -c
                      • s s: :s u _j u i— _•>
                                                                   5  i= :


                                                                   ~ S3 ~ •
        ; - c-: - -j-
   s;2T5-SuiH2=.= H5S-S-iJ,zs =


   Hfi^M-rTii^t^^tT^^EfsJ
                                                          s  =  =:
                                                       Z = 9tH;n^C~~'w~'"""~'
          -|  = = i=iM



— c £ - r u z 3 5 S ^.— ^ > 5 "*

                   I -c -"v a > t: ^- •> u
                    - -    -
                                           211

-------
Ul
H-

«
                          *rQ  aooaonoooooo-o
             i  ti I  «r to is  I  i  t .1  i  0 CM -< CM rs m CM o
            inz         z  zz    z~                   -. >- H- J— i- f— h- V- f— >_>_(— H- S— i—  i— I— f— r— h- I— (— !— H- f-f— r-f— f— !—
                                                                         G'OOCOOaOOOOOOOGCaOOGOOOOGOaGQGC
                                                                       zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
N! U
^ ^-
_i a
   tn
I-U)
zui

li
u.
U.-I
Ul X
   c
   en
   1-
1-3


Id
-J-C
u.
z
                         :zzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
                         133  333333333333"
         t- I— I— I— I- 1- S- I-  h- !— f- I- I- I- I- I— I- (- I- 1- (-
         aaoGooaaaoGooooooooo-
         zzzszzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
         WOOnOOaO-iCMaolflt.1000000.*
         o -< -1 ri o  i  i o  
                                ro M                CM    n                ^
                                                                                                                                                                          Ui
                                                                                                                                                                          r—
                                                                                                                                                                          10
                                                                                                                                                                           i-
                                                                                                                                                                           G
                                                                                                                                                                           z
                                                                                                    k!
                                                                                                    N!
                                                                                                                                                                           z
                                                                                                                                                                           •c
                                                                                                                                                                           G
                                                                                                                                                                           z
                                                                                                                                                                           •I
                                                                                                                                                                           Ci
                                                                                                 uj a
                                                                                                 £4 UJ

                                                                                                 D 0)
                                                                                                 2 i-l
                                                                                                    _J
_J








111
z


1**
Ul
a
ct
•IE
-TRICHLI
U] Cl
N "
Z f
Ul ^
a -<
*-(






















i:
CS
O
l_
r->
cc
o
_i
D
M
w
















Ul


_5 a
>• *•*
X C6
t- O
Ul .J
O 3
go
siz1
u ki
s>
»-l p
- Ul

0- T
















UI Ul
z z

— — ^ t
?— t- o
Ul U1Z
£ 3Z Ui
o ozz
31 ES-
0 O G
CS £C ££.
a coo
O M -I
cc ax
o o cj
_i o: ^fe
"1— N 5^ Z) E
Lti 1 ^r,J^™G"3££&LiQ_*X^il£
^ t—t »> O 21 ''^* i * t vo^'iiTfs'CDCsoTHnm




ooooooooooooo

J^ J-J J






«.





1
to
r
•^ tn
• ui _i
tn o
. <: z
^, ^ ^, ^ UJ HI
3; i: t- i i i ca t
3 3 t-i g ts ea
jjzui-J S^5" *
2: tn 'tn f N
T n >o N to
M r-i r-i n CM




3OOOOOOOOOO













_I
1
G
z
en
L SOLID
1-
G






0






^> ^N
«J ^1
1. 1
G tO
Z Z

cn crs

hH >-»
1 1
O O
tn cn
cn &.
tn tn
a tn


„




o o

_l _1 _J _! -1

_l
1
CO

*^ !- ' 1
tn

t_(
_i
G
tn

» *-^
tn _i
3 -^ 1
tn _i G
i 3:
a >-. 3:
_l Ul'C S ' 3'
03; tn — 3 z 3:r:
>3 UIZi-i UJ 33r
zz: =3en KC. w M 3 r:
_|M3 - <:<£&>-<
!-3ii:oz-jGi:a-JZi-2:-a
O_J-en






ooooooooooooo oo

G *it
Q.
tr, '
>- Ul
^— «J

o; E
o <:
M U3
££'•
Cl- >-
.c.
i -
2 "~
5
z t.
                                                                             212

-------
IIIIIIII III IIIIIIII fill IIIIII 111'IP 11III


r- r- ?— V- 1— i— H-i— H-l— f— r— r-t— r- iV- !— i— i— p- i— r- W «- f— H i— i— rC j-: J—" {— p- t— V-'h- I— r- (— V-
QQGOOOGOGOO c ooaooccccooooo aao o oo GCO a Q a <-• in
Z2Z2Z ZZZ ZZZ Z ZZ ZZZ 2ZZZZZZ22 §.§2§ §§ 5§.§ §§i S§
                                                   222222
a
3
_l
0)


~ a
-JO
 '
OGGGGCoobGbabcabaoGGOQOooacGGobaoGGQOoab
222222222222 22 2222222222 22222 22222222222



; ^ - , .:.... , .
X . .


: ' ' ' -

\

5 S 5 55 2'22 2222 2^2 2 22 2222 222 222222 222 222 22 22
.333333333333 33 33333333333 3'3 3333333333333
EKiKKCiKctfijEKCirtt: K.O: ci Ciii: ti a: a. &. tc. v. te. &. &. a. u. a. sz tc. se. se. tz sz te. !£-z. a. c;

t- !- i-!-!— 1— >-l— >-!— j-i-i-*-!— 1-!— r- (-!-!— l-j-l— '1-1-!- >-H-r---l— i— j-r-i-f-l— r-r-

ZZ2Z222222Z222222222222Z22222222222ZZZ22
- ' • ~ -' -•''--.
- _ ' '

UTIlTOOOOOOOOb-DOOOOOOfOPJOOOOOOOOOOOO^^OOOOOOOO
pi PI *-» CM o o PJ o PI in PI *-i *-i o »-( o o ro cs o si ~.I3 3i C1 ;c iiitou.cnQcn— Ji>3 ui XT *-< bj ID^DT:
SU^^D^y >- 13 p OCOO ;UJ. •-( 2 3= - S 3 tn KG w »-i 3 C

x:3:^j^jguj^; DUJEUJ«J v^-w <£<±<:- « « a *H
H cn a: a-ce Ci.<:- UJ
(— _l
I-* li_

G -
2
1 -
O 1-

G
>-i »-j
i C£
2 i.
                                   213

-------
cz
Li
a.
-!-l--i-(---
          gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg-ggggg
                                                                                           a
                                                                                           ui
                                                                                           z

                                                                                           Ui
                                                                                           LU
                                                                                           N
r in
Ul w
                                                                                           _
                                                                                           -f— •— cn(—^h-- LJ
i— _i
1-1 a.
                                                                                          i
                                                                                         LL.
                                                                                         0.
•^ Ci.
Z UJ
<: i-
z u
k- UI

in ul
01 C-i
UJ
_J 1-
 I O
_! Z
                                                                                    u zi
                                                                                    ui _i
                                                                                    ui o
                                                                                    a a.
                                                                                          i- >-
                                                                                          o )-
       ooooooooooooooooooooo;ooC'OOoooooc
                                                                      ooooooooo
                                                                                      o


                                                                                    z ~sL
                                                         214

-------
UI
I-
 •
O UJ
z: cn
UJ I-*
a: 3
UI
z
3

cn
i- cn •
2 UI
UJ _l
3 2
1 -•}
u.
U. '
UJ N
CD
01
^-"
t-t
2'
H~ 3
2
UI _1
3 _1
,-l «
• u.
2





1

1
1
1
I
1



UI
i- '
UI

g
tt
a.







Cu.
f.



' cj
i
m
t-
2


• • • .„
' ,
*


222222222222 2' 22222222222222222222 2 2222
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3'3 3333333333333333 3 3333

. .
oaaoabaooobosbaaoaaaaoaobbaboaoooaaabb
22222222222222222222222222222222222222

/ -
i

_
O I O 1 fO G* O T"* *O in T CM CN '-I C*-I O O *0 O in CM *-t 7-* O *-t 0- O -z>-uj , . • s s o o ui • cn
cj3xt-z_i — cn — cncn_icn3
- , • ,- uj_icn wcncn
££UIZZlX-UIZ - cnOa->r-»H
t-2u_i OH- " " <:2wcno.-2o o x • tn_ij_jazo«-i3auios
i ?: X i- *- ui j cc v 3 T: z z . i- i i i o t w a co ^ _i :• 3
UirJLUUJ UIUUZUJOSCJMC3 Ul >- 3 3 i-HCDOCT >i Z
z-is_i_i i o-i_i3'-iii:a tt-i-HCi:!-! 2z:i:z«>_i_j_j_i_ii-_ii-i
uj CN -J vc ri i c: Z=-.az£iZiUwU)>-SOil.20UiiUi»iJ'0«aCiCJ_JI-l^H.|-"*_J!-3
2 -fi-(2Ulu3iiC2C::UJ-LJUJi-iUJ»~lZ>-»Cl_iIiCJh-Of— H-f— Ht— >i—  co n -o r- -CS^C^O~^CS>:CS^a-C^CSCSO-C>.C>.CSCSC>-CSCSCNCNCSCSCSC>CS^C>-CSC^CS

2
3


0
2















2


o
2





o
o
r-j






















s:

^^
^
^f
St











^

2 2
2 Z5
f< a^

Q 0
2 2















2 2
3 3


o a
2 2





o o
o in
c






















UI
Ul

2 O
C 2

^ z











cs o

2
3


0
2















2
3


a
2





o
o
c


















^
.J
I
CD

T.
3

CJ
_J
<;
CJ











CS

2
s

o
2















2


c
2





m


















fl*.
I
CD


3
to
UJ
z
CD

f-











o-

2222
3333
l'< ;y rf ;*<

O O O O
2222










^*




2222
3333


a o a c
"''22"°''





c in c o
in o-o




_i _i














- -


z
3
UJ
)•• •*"'

O 

2
!*.-•

2















2


a





o























=
3
a

•^
^
i>











o-

2 2
3 3


c: a
2 2















2 2
? ?


C C
2 2





C O
r-i c-j
r;



_i












*






5 r
•--^ ^

_ .— .
— S
>• C.O











•> Cs
























tz

2^
Z3
"Z
''C
^

Z;

«J
Ci-
>-
•_

^





j

CL

^
^r
-
^j
.
2

VM

B
'-i
                                                                                               215

-------
              z,zzz z
I
                                                                 _J -J  -I -1.
til
13
a
=1
-1
in
                                                               zzzzzzzzz
    oo
    S

                                                               t- f- 1- t- H- U-
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiigzzgiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiisiiiiiiii
                                                                          UJ
                                                                          t-
                                                                          u>
— a
NUJ
                                                                               UJ
                                                                               cs
                                                                               c
 en
v-er.
ZUI
ziz1
 1 §
                 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ



liillllllllilililiiillllllllillliilllllliilllllliiii
 _  2. z j:
                                                                               Q



                                                                               to
                                        O'OOOOOliTOUTCfJIilOCCOOr-JOOOOC^OOg
                                                                 OIJTOOOOOO
                                                                 o  o o o sj n w
MOOSO»CC3OOOOCSOlj~3GOOOOOOOU"3OOOp'O


W £j *"" X *"* N 2 § (^ £< in "  r' ^ C° O § n O -rt J   ^ ^ O rt 5 O O 111 llT PI O PI in PI PI O O O


          CD           *O O  O        *-i  r+ r^ •&   111 m
                        rH  P4          TI PI
                                                                              z v-
                                                                              -«
a
i
^t
*,
<-*
UJ
a
>«i
C£
O
_1

U

UJ
z
u
_l
>-
*™"
)—
UJ

-
i: x
a ui
c:r
0 -J
is: >-
CQ 1C
O t-
i: u
0 \
-J PJ
""• »^
Ci Ul
p-t »-4
a a
UJ
i- UJ
•c z
_J UJ
-
^"
a.

_•
>-
u.
O
a
!
2;
1
(-H
a
>-
X
)—
Ul
0
tt
0
_J
~
u
-c
Ci
r-
Ul
1-







LJ
^
UI
Zt
_I
o
1-
Ul
z
Ul
_]
>-
X
>-
UJ
5
o
f
x
CJ
hM
ii:
i-
                                              —  — cn co .
      i   i
      C3  C2
      x:  z
      ^ CO —
      LU _l CO
      cn o a
      - z:
                           rujM  ziujzuj-j zi — —•-
                           o i. z = o ji ui i- _! a — a a u ,
                                                  cn a. •
                                                  co co
                                                  M D I
                                                  a co :

                                                  _i _j .
                                                   >- co
                                                                               CO
                                                                              >- UJ
                                                                             ' I- _5
                                                                              •-H -^
                                                                              ii z:
                                                                              =. -
                                                                               z
                                                                              I C
Z UJ

- r:

P UJ

en uj

uj ~

~\ b-


 C";
         c  <
                -o co a CD -H « ^ rt -. n r-i n r-i r-i c-i n PI M
U.


U
£
t«4

^
Z
C
si

UJ _J
1- _J
UJ C
1— >-
C3 i-

' - '§

rJSrJnMWNNcJSwHMMPJWMMNNMCNNWNtMPlMNPJCVIplNPlPI, PI , C-l PI, PI PI fl PI PI PI PI PI P' Pi P! fi f-i C'J Q g
                                      216

-------
i- i i T T -< T 7 T i i -i r-i .1 i T T
— ( 2 ^v LU ~
2 Q UJ >- 2 i
1 LU t-i _! _' LU X lu  2 oca:: _> '
1 • i. 22LULU S- M !— C3 _
lli O LU LU O Z3 ^ICi^UJ 2^

u. Lu'0-Ou.ii.O tU_IC! ^IU
iij' Ul 2-1 CEOO — LUOXS CLj
Z 2 LUZ OKCfOZCUO LUOi

^7 j; Da.otjir~2Si~p_i.j¥K
i ;5uia:^LCiCiCiC._iri>:cc:Et-cr-

f uj2.^-i 2 o_ 12
fi_ r-i r-j n M M fj i*i - r^ O1*
•«~t ^< ^H TH


1
'„ ^ ^0 - j - - ^ - :- 0 0
1 T-I -rt tH 1 « T 1 C i i O O -r-1 r-i T IS O O hi O rt O
2 . Z -.2 Z rt Z z 0 0 - CX-IMIT) 0 0
-< ' r-i rj Or-iOi=iCOO'.OOOO2O2OOOO
2 Z Z S3 ZZOO ^^*-~

_i 31 t X • LU ' ! ' •'"
Nl -J — i 2 LU Ce
uJ^J-KiujLuui-j rn:>- b T; r r
SoSijJ-xocc;orzn>-^LU>-zoLu2a(jiiuj~*_j
— i i rjccii— 01— -jCu^ci— cnucncc:L(_ r-i c N N is co co co' o o *H i-< TH »M v-c r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i' r-i r-i

r-i r-i r-i r-i r-j r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i r-4 ri c-i r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i r-j r-i r^ r-i r-i r-i
rj r-i r-i r-i/c-j r-i r-j r-i rj-c-i r-j r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i c-i r-i r-i r.* rj r-i r-i c-j
ri n r-i n ri ri ri n.ri r-i r-J r-i r-i n r-i ri ri c-i r-i ci ri r-i r-i ri
-
•-0 M in T rs UT ^ rt rt rt CM


-J _!_•_!. _!_' _I _/-_! _l _I_1_I
22222222222222222222
= = = 3 = I3=ia = Z)=l=Z!OnS==* =
i ct" ii: Ci "LC ce ££ ii u: £c a: cs LE ti: C£ cs li ce ••". f,- '
liiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiii




^^ CDs3rs>.u^rN>r%scoG^C"*i^io c- -o
rs rs. o^ 0s 0s co co r^ i-* cs &••



1
fs Q M .•
-o n n ^ >o  _> _i .j is ii ~ !£ j £ ~ S ^ if. ;L
Cj — Q _J ^— I— !-- ^5 2 Q ' £ "'' ^ ~*- 1^ "^ ^~ '*" "'
zzco^-'Ooo- icci*xS-* I" 	 ^
«a.uoi-i-H-i--uv.~
03 •;
r-i ^
......... .. .... c
r-i r-i n r-i r-i ri c-< ri CM r-i ri r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i r-i ri n ^
r-i rj n ri ri r-i ri r-i n fi a ,-; n ri ri r-i r-i n ri ri
r-i CM ri ri c; r-i ri r-i r-i r-i n ri ri r-i r-i r-i n ri ri r.1 .r





)~
-
5
ti..
IX
<^'.
£
s.

~r
„
-
:.



— ,


-
-
~
_


i


^.


T












-

217

-------
                                                               o
                                                               r-i
i.
C
1

«
                                                                                                                                                                        a
                                                                                                                                                                        UJ
                                                                                                                                                                        o
                                                                                                                                                                        2
                     OOOOOOOOOOIXO^CNOCsOOOOOO
                     o                o          rs o* o* ON &*
                                                            o in o  o o n  o o o  o. o o .o..o o
                                                               r-j ^t  tn o T-(  o o -^  ^o ro o o t-c o  I
                                                                        o    -o o cs  r-j    -o n ii r -j
                                                                        rt ,   r-J T      '    V) llT
                                                                                                                        o o o o o
                                                                                                                        c o o n in
                                                                                                                        vj -
          aa
          i  o
i _i_  cui


11-1X0
                                 ZZ-J
                                 >-iiiJ>-
                                 ^-uice
                                 zc:uj
'-IICLJ
zoQ.
acea.
Htnt.-=Z3Dl-_ju— aciaji-i-i-i-i-_i>-3ii:
-UJUJMUiMZ:t-fii-KtJH"af—*— HJ—f— Z> H- ->
: o u

iS^
H Z U
n       z    z
1-1       UJ    3
tn    i- a    >-
uj i _i a    z
z o c >•    - o
                                                                                                                                                          :»• OJ
                                                                                                                     o
                                                                                                                     2


                                                                                                                     01
                                                                                                                     2
                                                                                                                     Q
                                                                                                                     M
                                                                                                                     1-
                                                                                                                     £J
                                                                                                                     - uj
                                                                                                                  i- _/
                                                                                                                  l-i £L
                                                                                                                  C£ Z
                                                                                                                  O «
                                                                                                                  1-1 tn
                                                                                                                  ce
                                                                                                                  a. >
                                                                                                                     2
                                                                                                                   i  -
 I  Q
-J Z

   cn
                                                                                                                  UJ c
                                                                                                                  i- >-
                                                                                                                  u zi
 u
 f-

 A
          ci r« rj rj ri <
          pj M <••! rj rj i
                 i ri r-j c-i n ri rj r-i r-i  ri r-i r-i n  r-i r-i  r-i  r-i n r-i r-i r-i  r-i  ri n  r-i  r-i r-i  n r-i n  r-i r-i r-i  r-i r-i r-i  r-i  n r-i r-i ri r-i  r-i n r-i ri
                 I ri N rl r-J r-i r! r-i r-i  r-i r-S rj r-;  r-i r-i  N  r-i-N r-i r-i r-i  c-i  ri r-i  M  ri r-i  r-i r-i r-i  r-i r-i n  r-i r-i r-i  r-i  « r-i r-i r-i n  r-i r-i r-i r-i
                                                                                                                                                                      Ui O
                                                                                                                                                                      =; a.
                                                                                                                                                                      o t-
                                                                                                                                                                      2 -i
                                                                                    218

-------
UJ
«
3
a.
h-

LU
CD
*"j
cn



_
-s*5 iu
S^ J—
_l 0
H


1
1
1
1
U
1
1
1
1
C£
UJ
t—
UJ
I
•t
a.
a.
i
i
i
i
i
a.
CL
.
U
1^.


^
F*3 OGOOOa*HOOaa*-(ZZT-iP- -, i- H
O O ' ' Q O
z z z z
. -J -J -1 -1-1 -1 -I -i _J -I _J _J _1 _J _l
X
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
3333333333333333333333333333
COGOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
ZZZZZZZ2Z Z,Z ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

,


"l
' «. •,-•••-
*r
• o-






zzzzzzzz z z zzozzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
333333333333^333333 33 3333333
lilCiliiCeiECtCiliiirCCiiCLi: £C. KCZCZiZiZCZCZKCZIZtZiZiZIZ
r— t— H ^-h— H-H-f— f— K- .&— h- h- h— ^- H- H- f— f— !— H- h- H-H-1—"- h-
OCjOOOOOOOOGO OOCOOOOCDOOOOOO O
ZZZ2ZZZ-Z-ZZZ:* ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

; _i • , ' ' .

i

i-H i-l 1-1 C3 1 »-« i^ i-< ! W IM TH fx PI PJ *H O O PJ O M r-J TM O »H ^"
-I Z Z -rt PJ rt 0 0
" " -<:
Z ,Gi ' >- Z X -
ui o x a. i-
flj _l UJ I
o ui z: x -j a. uj
CC 2. U Uj' _J '- S
:C O LU UJ V. V. f.( _j ul UJ ' < - ' ' ^ *>

OXl-ZO-J H-lUt-UIZ > 3 'Z. 3Z:c 1-1
U.CJZUICiT UliIi3UI-UJZUi-<3:3 UI 3 3 i-iC3
O .>-!<£ _J O = _J 1 Ci-zxz3i-iuj>-3:ou.zci£Uj^_icj — a
_iPJ3f— oo-uicni— i i— uj-ji— cncccii^Lu-'3i-iZXOZ(j;UI-UJi--iCufll
u—u.a:i-iZu.a,aiCi- M
r*) ij"j Or *r T in u"t *o ^ co 03 *^ *o *r to TN Wi 0' o ••* rj T ij~ ^A r- ijo
M N w «r tn ii-j -o -o ^o -o N co Co n « -< T-I «. pi PJ M ti n f j tj PI



, :


• i-< ^ ^ U 0 NUrtpIrt
- •-_! -J _i _! _J _l _i _• _J _l

5^55gg55552:3zzzzzzzzzzzz
OOOOOOCOOOQCOOOOOOOCDOOOO
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz










- "'


zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
333333333333333333333333
ce &: u: o:Q;a:a:a;a;a:a:o;ii:c:a;fi:a;fi:fi:ci:a:a:a;££

t^^^.^^.^.^*_ ^^^.^-«_ .^<.^A_ ^M_^.^_
I v_. 1. ' ' . . «

•
^
o-OPJ orooocc-• n 13-
. -_j5'3 - -CCCi^
acj_ji-!-!-i-i-_'i-3i:oz_J3i:a_iZr-z'-a
coiHooooooo_j-h-r>>-<:aii-iEui:oiCJ3:t-i-^>-(n









ul
!— '
C
Z
LU
Ci
. -
2
^
<2
r~
9
S
M*
' t_
C^
u.

ID a
« iil
S b
' 3: •-* •
_j
C C
!— S
Ij J-U
C'-'I
u.
>- LiJ
•—f ;!_
^ -
0 i-
Z 1-1
M r-j r-j r-i r-i r-j r-j r-j
                             I  PI M n PI PI PJ PI PI Pi H n  -j « W PJ PI pi P! w PI rj  pi PI  pi r-i c, c; PI PI rlri P!  P! S P!  P! S PJ S P; S   • a  5
                                                                       219

-------

-------
                 APPENDIX  I

TABULATIONS OF ANSWERS TO  SELECTED  QUESTIONS
     FROM THE DATA COLLECTION  PORTFOLIO

            (Refer to Appendix A)
                     221

-------

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
1

DFl ATTW
... ' , ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LA8EL , COpE FREQ (PCT)
AL
A°
. •" - ; -*z>/ _
CA;
CO
CT
DC
FL
GA
1 .. , , - .' . Hi
— • • ' • IA
IL
•..:'• IN: _' .
' KC'
KY:
LA
i . . ' .
i " .*•--!•'
' " * MA
> ' "
- • . MO;
,M1.
: !
MM
, MO
• ' • - • 	
- : MS'
' ' Mr

2
2
4
47
5
6
1
14'
20
2
3
46
7
?
4
9
•5*
£. 1-
9
13
16
i
10
0.4
0.4
0.9
10.2
1*1
1.3
0.2
3 . n
4,3
/
0.4
n j.7
10,0
1.5
I
ft ^
0«9
- 2.0
4/L
•eO
2.0
R.a
.0
3.5
0.2
2.2
E 	 A43JUS-T?
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
0.4
0.9
10.2
i _, i
1.3
0.2
3.0
4.3
0.4"
ft 7
10.0
1.5
ao
0.9
' 2.0
4.6
2.0
2.8
2.0
'"i
.3.5
0.2
2.2
"n n IM
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
O.Q
1.7
12.0
i •» n
14.3
14.6
1 7 A •
, 	 i-f-»-<3
22.0
22.4
\ '
5T ft
— -&J t-V— 	
33.0
'-/. " »
34.6
4fl
3S'.7
37.6
42.2 - 	
44.1 " ,
47.0
48.9 	 	
,52.4
52.6
' 54.8
                                      223

-------
03/22/76
  FILE  -  iNK
          - CKtATEO  03/22/78
                                      HAOt   21
                                                    0.4
                                             0.4
                                            55.2
                               NH
                                  0.4
                                   0.4
                               NY
                        34
                        7.4
                                 7.4
                                         5S.7
                               7:L.b
                               OH
                        28
                              -Q*r-
          6,1


          -G-.-2-
                               OR
                                  1.5
                                   6.1
                                -Q-r2-

                                 1.5
                                         77.6
                                                     -Wv6-
                                            79.3
                               PA
                        24
                        5.2
                              -R-t-
                               SC
                                  -G-r2-


                                  0.7
                                 5.2

                                -O-i-2-

                                 0.7
                              84.6


                              -B4-.-Q-


                              d5.^
                               TN
-T*-

 UT
 13


-2-2-

  3
                                  2.8
                                                   -^4-r8-
                                                    0.7
                                   2.8
                                             -4-rS-
                                             0.7
                                          BQ.3
                                            93.7
                               VA
                                  2.0
                              -V?AT
                               WI
                              TOTAL
              14
            • *••§'*•' »••*!

             460
                   	1—3-


                      3.0


                    100.0
                                   2.0
                   	t-rf-


                      3.0
                   - «1»-»'^»-*w-«

                   100.0
                                          95.7
                                                     100.0
VALID  CASES
460
MISSING  CASES
                                      224

-------
QS
           TYPE OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
 CATEGORY LABEL

 PUBLIC CORP

-PJ5.1VATE_.C.ORP-. _

 PARTNERSHIP

 PROPRIETORS

-COOPERATIVE
                             CODE
         ABSOLUTE
           FREQ

            193
                                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)

42.0
FREQ
(PCT)

42.3
 CUM-
FREQ
(PCT)

42.3
P C
SHIP D
P - ''• -• P s
' 	 6
9
T
1.3
2.0
0,2
1.3
2.0
0.2
97.8
99.8
100 0
                            TOTAL
                                         4        0.9    MISSING   100.0

                                      460      100.0     100.0
VALID  CASES
                 456
MISSING CASES
                                      225

-------
 03/21/78
.DA-
- INK
- CREATED  03/21/78
           CTATIIC nr TMC- 0
                            L-AMI_&I4CE-

CATEGORY LABEL
5NLY SITE
BRANCH PLA.N|T-
DIVISION
CAPTIVE SITE

VALID CASES 454
.
CODE
A
p. -
c
D
TOTaL
MISSING
'" f
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
128
26 /
7
1 •
460
CASES 6
5ELA-T.-I-V-E-
FREQ
(PCT)
27.8
63.7
5.7
1.5
1^3

100.0

—ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
28.2
5«7
1.5
MTSSTNG

ioo.o

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
28.2
92' j,7
98.5
100.0
1 nri n


• • •
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
COST CENTER A 22 4.8.
I
PROFTT TFNTFP B ?Q7 A4.A
141 30.7
TOTAL 460 , 100.0
VALID CASES 319 MISSING CASES 141


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
609
MISSING
100. 0

•

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
6.9
1 no o
.100.0




                                          226

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
f • , ; ••
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN ''10
in Tn ?n
21 TO 30
31 TO 40 ' " ,
A! rn PQ
51 TO 60
61 TO 70
71 TO-80
81 TO 90
I 91 TO 100 ;
^ ini jn i"e;n
OVER ISO

— VALID CASES '- . i 458 -
)

CODE
""' A ;
H
C '
0
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
X >
TOTM
MISSING
- ;
f
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
195
133
59 '
26
14
3
5
3
4
3
9
4
. . . . 2
/,An
CASES -. 2

?ELAXIVE — AOJUSIEO-
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
42.4
JB.Q
12.8
5.7
3.0
0.7
i . i
A 7
,0.9
0.7
2 b
0.9
P.-*
T Art n



42.6
2°. 0
12.9
5.7
3* i
0.7
1.1
07
0.9
0.7
2 0
0.9
MISSING
i An n
	 i-U-W- «-U 	
/
CUM
FREO

-------
I   03/21/78
                   FILE  -  INK
                                       - CREATED 03/21/78
   Q9
           MAXIMUM 1976  EMPLOYMENT
CATEGORY LABEL

LESS THAN  10

1Q TO 20	
                                	    RELATIVE—ADJUSTED-
                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ.
                                CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      CPCT3
                                                                    _-.CUM.-
                                                                     FREQ
                                                                     (PCT)
 A

_B_
                                          178
                                                 38.7
 21 Tp 30

~31 TO 40

_A1_T.O_50-
C

D
                                        59

                                        29
                    12.8

                    "'6.3
 40.3

-29,4-

 13.3

  '6.6
                                       40.3

                                       69.7
                                                                        83.0
                                                                        89.6

                                                                        92>,5,
 51 TO 60

 61 TO 70

 71 Tn an
F

G
                                         6

                                         4
                     1.3

                     0.9
  1,4

  "0.9
                                                                        93.9
                                                                        94.8

                                                                        95,2
    81 TO 90
                                                     .0.9
                                                             0.9
                                       96.2
    91 TO 100
                                                     0.9
                                                             0.9
                                       97.1
i ni Tr\ i c;n
OVER 150
K
L
Q
4
^ fl
0.9
?.;()
0.9
00 i
100.0
                                ^10141=-
                                         .18
                                       mf»*mi**

                                       -A60-
    -VALLD  CASES	
                           MISSING-CASE*
                    3.9

                  4^0-^0-
               -18	
                                                         MISSING

                                                          i04J^-0-
                                                                       100.0
                                             228

-------

[



'

03/21/78 :, FII
Q10 	 AGE-OF PL At

CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN, 3
3 TO c;
6 TO 10
11 TO 20
OVER 30 YEARS
• •
1- — UAL-I.D. CASES 	 ,-448 .
i •

Gil-.-— 	 TOTAL 1976
CATEGORY LABEL
UNDER 200000 LSS'
_2_o.oooo TO SfiQnnq
500K TO 1MM
1MM TO 3MM
	 O.VER -3-MTM..ION— 	

—
•

_E - INK - CREATED
MT
• . i • -
ABSOLUTE
CQOE FREQ
A 49
B e?l
C : 98
0 126
E 60
F 64
12
TOTAL 460
- - MISSING CASES 	 1-Z

VOLUME IN POUNDc
: ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
. A 1.21"
R • 76
C . 79
D "" 75
P ' 69
40
TOTAL 460
03/21/78
_J3PI ATT UP
FREQ
(PCT)
10.7
11,1
21.3
27.4
1 "5, ft
13.9
2.6
inn r»

-RELATIVE -
FREQ
(PCT)
26.3
16.5
17.2
16.3
8-7
100.0

-AOJUSIE-D—
FREQ
(PCT>
10.9
1 1 -ti.
21.9
28.1
i ^ ti.
14.3
MISSING
i t\f\ n


-
FREQ
(PCT)
28.8
18,- 1
18.8
17.9
16.4
MISSING
100.0
-.

FREQ
(PCT)-
10.9
44.2
72.3
100.0
100..0



/^f tlut
FRFQ
(PCT)
28.8
46 Q
65.7
83.6
i r>n rt
100.0
'--
VALID CASES
420
MISSING CASES
                                           40
                                       229

-------
03/21/78 FILE -
?
CATEGORY LABEL
0' TO 10
1 i Tn pri
21 TO 30
31 TO 40
A'I Tn i^n
51 TO 60
61 TO 70
71" TO an
ai TO 90
91 TO 100

VALID CASES 398
V Q14 AVERAGE ANNUAL
CATEGORY LABEL
UNDER 200000 LBS,
gjJOUOll 	 IJJ — DU.UUJJU. 	 _ 	
500K fO 1MM
IMM TO 3MM
rn/crn -a UTI I TOM
1
INK - CREATED

ABSOLUTE
C05E FREQ
A 5
R 1<3
C 26
D 77'
E ^°
F 46
G 59
H 48
I' 30
J 29

TOTAL 460
03/21/78

FREQ
(PCT)
1.1
A.T
5.7
16.7
1-2.8
10.0
12.8
' 6.5
6.3

ioo.o

_
FREQ
(PCT)
1.3
4.8
6.5
19.3
	 14^,3 . -
11.6
I40a
7.5
7.3
—M4-SS5-NG—
ioo.o

	 CUM 	
FREQ
(PCT)
1.3
6,0 	 -
12.6
31.9
/,<;, 7
58.3
73.1
85.2 	
92.7
100.0
-WO.-0 ,

MISSING CASES 62 .
PRODUCTION
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 124-
C 68
D 59
F &.\-
61
TOTAL 460
. RELATIVE.
FREQ
27.0
14.8
12.8
1 ** . "»-
13.3
100.0
-^ADJUSTED-
FREQ
(PCT)
31.1
17.0
14.8
15.3
MISSING
ioo.o

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
31 „ 1
	 52^.9,, •
69.9
84.7
1.00.0
100.0
•
VALID CASES
399
MISSING CASES
                                      230

-------
 03/21/78
   FILE - INK
                                    - CREATED 03/21/78

CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 250K
500K TO 750K
75, OK TO 1~MM
IMM TO 1.25MM
1.25MM TO 1.5MM
1.5 TO 3MM
i

VALID CASES 372

-•• -017- - NUMBER OF
i
CATEGORY LA8EL '
ONE SHIFT
	 T.WQ_SHIE±S. . : .
THREE SHIFTS
1
sJ-fG. — -WP 	 r*KwLJUlr.
C05E
A
B
c ;
D ,
E
F
G
H '

"TOTAL
MISSING
1 iUN 	 	
ABSOLUTE
FREO
85
76 '
40
31
35

49
42
a?
460
CASES 88
SHIFTS PER DAY
CODE
A
._.._.'• a
C
ZOlAL
'ABSOLUTE
FREO
373
73
13
'. .-. 1
AArt
Dpi ATT\/I
FREQ

-------
03/21/78
 FILE -  INK
        - CREATED 03/21/78
                 nr CMTFTC
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE" FREQ
7 HOURS A 7
fl* R &T^
10 • C 7
12 0 1
13

TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 447 MISSING CASES 13

*N-*« in uiQC-n nc- n A Vff oiro utre'V 	
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
1.5 1.6
1.5' 1.6
0.2 0.2
2.8 MISSING

100.0 100.0



FREQ
(PCT)
1.6
99.8
100.0
ioo.o 	 -





t
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
LESS THAN 4- A
6 D
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
10
6
460
                                               (PCT)
                                        FREQ
                                         (PCT)
                                        FRFQ
                                        (PCT)
                                                2.2
                                          2.2
                                         2.2

                                        93.7
                                1.3

                              100.0
                                                           1.3
                                                 100.0
                                                         100.0
 VALID CASES
'460
MISSING CASES
                                       232

-------
   03/21/78
FJLE - INK
                                      -CREATED 03/21/78
> 021 NUMBER OF, TUBS LESS THAN 5 GALS
• ; .• ,
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
0 A
	 L_TQ 5 __... ' . . p
6 TO 1 0 C
10 TO 20 D
20 TO =;n p
OVER 50 F
' - ' ' - ' «•»•
VALID. CASES 	 300 .-MISSIMG
.
^ 	 °^2 TUBS 6 TO 10 GALS

.CATEGORY LABEL CODE
: 0 A
6 TO 10 C
10 TO 20 ' D
OVER 50 F
' TOTAL-
	 VALID CASES 	 276 . --MISSING.,,
• ABSOLUTE
, FREQ
123
72
45
; 46
Q
5.
T Jp.o "
4Af)
_


p
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
';. 123
AC; . •
45
31
7
5
: 184
. 	 460
CASES 134.
RELATIV
FREQ
(PCT)
26.7
9.8
10.6
2« 0
1.1
34,8
100.0


^>-
FREQ
(PCT)
26.7
14.1
9,8
6.7
1 S
1.1
40.0
On

'P AD IIICTPn
FREQ
(PCT)
41.6
74 n
15.0
15.3 ,
1.7
MISSING
100.0



EX n ii icTpn
FREQ
(PCT)
44.6
, 16.3
11.2
•3 
-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
S Q23 TUBS 10 TO r>0 GALS
[ PPLATJVP 	 iDJUSTFO-
ABSOLUTE FREQ' FREQ .
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
0*™ A 41 8.9 11. 1
i TO * R no ?^-o •*?•,:*
6 to .10 	 C 94 20.4 25.4
10 TO 20 0 78 17.6 21.1
9n Tn =;n F ^n £.5 fl.l
OVER 50 F 8 1.7 2.2
| .90 .19.6 MISSING
Tn'f AL 4Aft io^.O 100.0 	
Ufti Tn r&c;Ft; 370 MTC^TWR CA^F*;' Q(j
I -

qg|_/\T^yp ^n lllgTCTL
• ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ.
CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREO (PCT) (PCT)
0 A 54 11.7 15.9
6 TO 10 C 96 20.9 28.3
10 to 20 D 61 13.3 18.0
•an Tn Cn f 1 7 "* . 7 e;— Q 	
OVER 50 F 4 0.9 1.2
121 26.3 MISSING
TOTJM 46
-------
   Q3/E1/73           FILE - INK      -  CREATED 03/21/78






V-  025       TUBS  101  TO 250 GALS
, , -
v- .- ABSOLUTE
, CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 ~~~~ ' . - . .". A ; ~\ us
6 TO 10 .< \ C i 45
; 10 TO 20 o 20
	 2Q_TO_«5n F • 10
. ; -163
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
25.7
9.8
4.3
35.4
100.0 ,,
— AOJUSTEO-
FREQ
(PCT)
39,7~~
15.2
6.7
1 A.
MISSING
100.0

FREQ
(PCT)
39.7
7 A .7
89.9
96.6
100. 0

VALID 'CASES 297 MISSING CASES .163
s — -Q?A 	 ™8S 2^1 TO 500 GALS

\ • l
	 	 : 	 PFI ATT\/P
ABSOLUTE FREQ -
CATEGORY .LABEL _ CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A . r 162
i TO q R c,,
6 TO '10 C 12
10 TO 20 D 11
OVER 50 F 2
' - :- .".' ' : 213
	 	 	 -— - TOTAL 460
VALID CASES. ..247. MISSIMG CASFS 213

35.2
i T -. i
2.6
2.4
.0.4
46.3
ijin n



AH n icTtrn
FREQ
(PCT)
65.6
PI- q
4.9
2 4
• ,0.8
MISSING
inn ft



M.
FREQ
(PCT)
65.6
07 /,
92.3
96.8
QQ ?
1 0-0 .0
100.0


V • . ' ' . -
                                          235  '

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
J>. UHf,_ _.,- 1 UDO 3Ui IU 1UUU <3HUS
RELATIVE-. ADJUSTED-
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CATFGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
'0 A 188 40.9 83.6
1 TO <=; R ?7 ^T<3 1?Tn
6 TO 10 C 4 0.9 i.8
' 10 TO 20 D 6 1.3 2.7
2-^ *i.l MlsqTNfl __

TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
VALID CASES 225 MISSING CASES 235

,
r L
PFLAT-1-«F 	 ATLUJ«3iEn_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
0 A 195 42.4 92.0
1 TO 
-------
03/21/78         :  FILE -  INK      - CREATED  03/21/78
">- 029 NUMBER OF 'PRODUCTION : DAYS PER YEAR
	 _ 	 	 — ..... .. .'. .. , .„ ..--. ._...._,.;.. -. 	 •-.„_..-, ,-.„.„. DPI ATTVC
CATEGORY LABEL
150 to 200~
??ni TO 25.0
251 TO 300
301 TO 365
UNDFR Tqn


VALID CASES
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 13
R 21°
C , 204
' , D "• ' 17
F- -a*
;, s ,
TOTAL 460
455 MISSING CASES 5
2.3
44.3
3.7
0*4
.1-1
100. 0

*n JUSTFn
FREQ
(PCT)
2.9
44.8
3.7
0.4
MISSING
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
2.9
•51 0
95.8
99.6
inn n
100. 0



> Q31 ...'-. . GALS
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 10000
	 1.0.0 0.0. TJO_.2_Q.Q.QCL
20000 TO 30000
' 30000 to 50000
__50K T0_l DDK.


^ VALID CASES
OF WATER USED FOR ALL PURPOSES
• • R
. i ABSOLUTE
' CODE FREQ
A ' 376
R - 32 . '
C 13
.0 • &•
...-'• 27
TOTAL 460
433 MISSING CASES 27
ELATIVE 	 A-DJUSIEO-
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
81.7
7,0
2,3
1.3
i .3
5.. 9
100.0

86.8
7»4
3.0
1.4
1 .4
MISSING
100.0
•

FPEQ
(PCT)
86.8
97.2
98.6
i nn n
100.0 ,


-. -
                                        237

-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
^ rpT ocorc-MT ne- uXrpp nSFn TM PRODUCT
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL ; CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A 201 43.7
| Tn i-ii R \*\ i^t^
11 TO- 20 C 24 5.2
21 TO 30 08 1.7
•31 Tn 4n P ig 3*9
41 TO §6 F '6 1.3
51 TO 60 G 1 0.2
fl TO 70 H 3 0,7
71 TO 80 I 5' ,1.1
81 TO 90 J 4 6.9
°1 TO °9 K '3 6m7
100 LI 0.2
35 7.6
TOTaL 460 100 6
VALID CASES • 42^ MISSIMG CASES 35


-
-
ADJUS^gO—
FREQ
(PCT)
47.3
3^ a 5
5.6
1.9
L. -S
i.4
0.2
0 ,7
1.2
0,9
0*7
0.2
MISSING
100..0


/

,,, CUM „ ' .'
FRFQ

-------
J   03/21/78        •   FILE - INK   ;    -  CREATED 03/21/78
                                                f"         y
>  '034-.-.-. ... PERCENT Or WATER FOR COOLIMG
~ RFI ATTVF
• ' ' ; ABSOLUTE FREQ -
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A 42 9.1
1 TO 10 R , . 5-3 11,5
11 TO 20 - - . . C . '38 8.3
21 TO 30 D 29 6.3
_1. .31 TO 40 P •'?*'• *,7
41 TO 50 F 26 5.7
51 TO 60 G ; 24 5.2
f>\ tn 7p H 27 5 o
71 TO 80 I 35 7.6
81 TO 90 J 70 _ 15.2
•31 Tn oa «• , A* 14.3
100 L 5 1.1
' : .19 f-.l
	 	 	 TOTAL 460 inn n


	 ; 	 .-. ,, ,'.,.,, \
•• ' ' : '
1 s'


1 •
AD-JUSTED CUM
FREQ - FREQ
(PCT) 
-------
03/21/78 FILE
> 035 DFC"'*FK!T ^F Wy
i
i
CATEGORY LABEL
6
1 Jn in
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
31 TO 40
41 TO SO
51 TO 60
01 Tn Qrj


-INK - CREATED
TER FOP BnILEP FEED

CODE
A
C
D
F
G
j

TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
229
11
3
2
1 -
75
460
VALID CASES 385 MISSING CAS^S 7
^ ..Q36 	 ... PERCENT OF WATER FOR TUB CLEANING
i
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO i n
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
**i Tn in
, 	 JJ_LQ_*D 	
41 T.O 50

VALSD CASES ...399
CODE
A
R
C
D
P
F
TOT.AI ,_
MISS IMG.
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
179
IfiT
30
11
7
5
61
iftn

03/21/78
RELATIVE
FREQ

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
f ' ;.••' :• — 	 '; 	 ' .
"ELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
i - . -. . . ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ " FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT> (PCT)
0 A 20 4.3
1 T° lfl fl ' IBI' 1Q.3
11 TO 20 C 64 13.9
1 21 TO 30 ; 6 - 19 4.1
7T TO in . . E ' 21 4.6
41 TO 50 F 49 10.7
51 TO 60 , G 24 5.2
61 TO 70 H 11 2*4
71 TO 80 , I / 1-3 - 2.8
81 TO 90 , J 6 i.3
i
°1 TO °9 K 11 2,4
100 L ' 8 1.7
• 33. 7.2
TOTAL 460 1 00 0
i r
VALID- CASES 427 MISSIMG CASES 33
i
4.7 4.7
15.0 62.1
4.4 66.5
i..a 71 i*.
11.5 82.9
5.6 88.5
2^6 91'
3.0 94.1
1.4 95.6
?,A an \
1.9 100.0
MISSING 100.0
Too o




••- • • ; • "
• . " ! '.'"--
' •'
: 	 -- ••- - - - - -• - -'

                                      . 241

-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
> Q38 	 . PERCENT OF WATER FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTR
RFI ATTVE...
CATEGORY LABEL
6
1 TO VO
61 TO 70
91 TO 99

VALID' CASES 353
CODE
A
H
H
K
TOTAL
MISSING
'ABSOLUTE FRE^.
FREQ (PCT)
344 , 7t.8
'• i»*
1 6.2
1 6.2
1 Q"r' 7."*\ •» - - -

460 100.0
CASES' lOT
-ADJUSTED-
FREQ.
(PCT)
97. S
?,Q
0.3
6.3
...MISS-ING- ...

100.0


... CUM 	
FREQ
(PCT)
97.5
QP.4.
99.7
100.0
100 0



.
n-JO OFDfTMT HP"

CATEGORY LABEL
0
i TO i n
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
ai Tn Qn
91 TO 99

VAI Tn rA«?F«;. .. 256
WATEP FOR OTutrD o'looncre 	

conE
A
p
c
D
j
K
f nfj\L
	 MISSING
OEL'TT-"*7
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
237 51.5
i? ?.*
3 0.7
2 -0.4
7 " (} t' p
1 . 0.2
204 44.3
460 In6,0
CASES ... 204
ADJUSTED-
FREQ
(PCT)
92.6
4.7
1.2
0.8
0,4
0.4
MISSING
ioo,o 	 -

1
CUM 	
FREQ
(PCT) ,
92.6
97^3
98.4
99,2
....99.6
100.0
1 00 . 0

242

-------
03/21/76         ; FILE—  INK
                                   - CREATED 03/21/78
v ._Q4Q. GFMFRAl ^AI F^
[
- •• ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL " CODE. FREQ
6 A ; n
	 1-iO .10 R '- IA
11 TO 20 . c ' 5
21 TO 30 0 2
41 TO 50 - F 3
—51 TO- 60 G £
	 6.1 tn 7n u ! a
71 TO 80 I 14,
81 TO 90 j 22
— 9l_io_9P K ;,n
iOO L 298
. 36 ..
	 	 • 	 	 	 TOT^t 460
\
—VALID-CASES 4E4 MISSING CASES 	 36

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.A
T,<7
1.1
0.4
6 ,Q
0.7
0.4
9. n

4.8
fl-7'
64.8
7.8
fnn A



An HicTcn /•! iu
FREQ FREQ
(PCTJ (PCT)
2.6 2.6
T-T ^:~Q
	 J.-3 	 ~ . ^ 	
1.2 7.1.
0.5 7.5
no Q c
0.7 9.2
0.5 9.7
"?' 1 V 1 a
	 : 	 C^-i 	 1 I .8 	
3.3 15.1
5.2 20.3
9L -3Q t
70.3 100..0
MISSING ,100.0
i n n n

.
''- •
[ : X
I - - '
•••'.;
x .

\

                                      243

-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
<. OM rA.PTTVF PPQOi"*TTON
OEL'VTT/E ADJ'JSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CAJEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT (PCT)
0 A 302 65.7 73.8
\ rn jn p ^4 7.4. R,T
11 TO 20 C 22 4.8 5.4
21 TO 30 0 11 2.4 2.7
41 TO 50 F 3 0.7 0.7
51 TO 60 G 3 0.7 0.7
M Tn 7n H 3 0»7 n.7
71 TO 80 I 4 0.9 1.0
81 TO 90 J 4- 6.9 1.0
ejj yn oa K 7 1»5 1»7
100 L 8 1.7 2.0
51 11.1 M.ISSING
TOTAL 460 100 0 100 0
VALID CASES 409 MISSING CASFS "51 •- - - -







CUM 	
FREQ

-------
 03/21/78
                    FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/73
.-042	.. PASTE  INK  PRODUCTION

. . , ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A 60
i" to in R ii
11 TO 20 C i 27
21 TO 30 D 20
31 TO 4n F. j'q
41 TO 50 F 44
51 TO 60 6 15
].. 61 Tn 7n ' H ' . - i-j
. 71 TO 80 I 14
81 TO 90 J 16
100 - L :• • • 178
- •: ' . " .9
TOTAL 460
VAI LD CASF;^ • &*l M ISSXWG— CASES 	


•' ' !


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
13.0
2.4
5.9
4.3
9.6
3.3
2. a
3.6
3.5
fl^T
38.7
2»P
1 00 * 0
Q



>

ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
03/21/78
w nA-» LTO^in
s*
\
CATEGORY LABEL
0
i TO in
11 TO 20 -
21 TO 30
T| Tf) iQ
41 TO 50
51 TO 60
f>\ T° 70
71 TO-30-
81 TO 90
ni Tn QQ_
00
i

VAI TH f^AcrF'^


1

f


FILE - INK - CREATED
JKJI^ p(?OD(,irf IOM

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 180
R 37
C 14
D 13
p- i?
F 30
G 33
H 15'
I 22
J 20
K 10
L 56
18
TOTil 460
AAP' MT^STMG CASES 1


'




03/21/78
•RELAT-IVE ADJUSTED-
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
39»1 40.7
p,n n,A
3,0 3.2
2'.8 2.9
2; 6 2.7
6.5 6,8
7.2 7.5
3.3 "**4
4.8 5,0
4.3 4.5
2 2 2.3
12.2 12.7
3.9 MISSING
looo iooo
3 , , , 	




\
\
\



FREQ
(PCT3
40.7
49.1 	 - ~^-
52.3
55.2
6407
7202
7S „ 6 	 -
80.5
85.1
87^3
100.0
ioo.6









246

-------
03/21/78
                   FILE - INK
                                   - CREATED 03/21/78
Q44.... ......  WATER BASE  INK PRODUCTION
_ _..: — — . 	 . _.. . 	 	 ___ : _ .RELATIVE
- . : ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ 
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
^ 'W? - 1 L ~."i*~ JIN". h"^'."'L"- ' l'j'"i
PPI ATTVP An.in
-------
        FILE  -  INK
                         -CREATED 03/21/78
^..046...
SOLVENT BASE  INK  PRODUCTION
I
. ......
CATEGORY LABEL
1 Td 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
_ _3.1_IQ 40 	
j 41 TO 50
51 TO 60
( 	 61 Tr> 70
71 TO 80
L_. _.._
81 TO 90
, <31 rn QQ
100


-VALID. CASES .-_ 437








	 .. ... ... . *_^.,.^.. •• RELATIVE-. -ADJUSTED -
ABSOLUTE FREQ FRPQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 221 48.0 50.6
R ' "*? 7,0 7 j
C 15 3.3 3.4
0 19 4.1 4.3
£ 21 A A A Q
F 46 10.0 10.5
G 12 2.6 2.7
H 11 _? A 5 C
I 11 2.4 2.5
J 14 3-0 3.2
	 K IT p. ft in
L 22 4.8 5.0
?3 5.0 MISSING
	 TOTA*' A£,n inn rt irtA rt
— .. MISSING_CASE!5 	 ?^



\

••


- CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
50.6
= 7 q
61.3
65.7
"7 n c
	 7.0-..5- 	
81.0
83.8
Q JC *3
. 88.8
92.0
QC ft
100.0
100.0



- '




	 : 	 	
                           249

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
w n/. *y nortAMTPOT CMPMTC » tern
•
PFL*TTUP 	
ABSOLUTE FREO
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
6 A 19 4.1
i rn in n ?^ 5.7
11 TO 20 C 30 6.5
21 TO 30 D 26 5.7
11 TO 40 E 23" c^0
41 TO 50 F / 69 15.0
51 TO 60 G 17 3.7
A1 TH TO U "3C 5 4
71 TO 80 ,1 34 , 7.4
81 TO 90 J 35 7.6
oV Tn QQ K 99 21.5
100 L 29 6.3
28 6.1
TAT * i 46A Tonn
\/ Al T n P ACtTC A*7C3 MtCCTMfi PAQ?"^ ?fl
1
f

ADJUST-SO—
FREQ
(PCT)
4.4
6.0
6.9
6.0
16.0
3.9
	 5V8
7.9
8.1
22*9
6.7
MISSING
100 0



i^UM
FREQ
(PCT)
4.4
17.4
23.4
...2 8 .7 	 -
44,7
48 „ 6
54U4 • :.
62.3
70.4
—-93.3
100.0
100.0






. .. .•__



                                     250

-------
I   03/21/73          FILE - INK"  ,    -  CREATED  03/21/78





   046       INORGANIC PIGMENT.  USAGE

CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 10
11 TO 20
21 TO 30
31 TO 4n
41 TO 50
51 TO 60
61 Tn 7n
71 TO 80
1
81 TO 90

-------
I.
 03/21/78          FILE - INK


-Q50	._.. WATER RINSE OF TUBS
                                      - CREATED 03/21/78
   CATEGORY  LABEL
   "YES
                              ,..--	     RELATIVE-ADJUSTED	OJM_
                                   ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FRF.Q
                             CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
A


TOTAL
158
-,n?

460
34.3
6=;. 7

100.0
100.0 ,
HjcjqjNrt

100.0
100.0
1 Ona n


   VALID  CASES
                 158
MISSING CASES   302
   oci
              r/utcTTr  UACU ne- Tune
"E'LATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
YES B 111
•340
24.1
7^.9
100.0 100.0
~
TOTAL 460
100.0
100.0
VALID CASES 111 MISSING CASES 349
• '
>-
   0,52.,,
           SOLVENT WASH OF TUBS
   CATEGORY  LABEL

   YES   "
                             	.	     RELATIVE .. ADJUSTED--
                                    ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE     FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                                       308 '      67.0     100.0    100.0

                                      -152	33.0	_, MISS ING	1.00.0.

                                       460      100.0     100.0
   VALID  CASES
                 308
MISSING CASES   152
                                       252

-------
03/21/78
FILE - IN*
- CREATED 03/21/78
PC;-3
f
CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES 106
v_ Q54 PERIODIC CA

CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES 85
, D
ABSOLUTE
COOE FREO
D 106
i . •
TOTAL 460
i .
MISSING CASES 354
USTIC SOAKING
R
ABSOLUTE
CODE \ FREQ
E ; 85
• - - . 375

TOTAL 460
MISSING CASES 375
ELAT-I-VE—
FREQ
(PCT)
23.0
77.0

100.0

ELATIVE—
FREQ
(PCT)
18.5
ai .=;

ioo.o

AOJUST-ED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING

100.0


ADJUSTED 	
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
MISSING

100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
100.0



CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0 .
100. «



v. — CL=L<^ 	 TYP'1' nr C/11

CATEGORY LA8EL
CLOSED LOOP
OPFN
PARTIAL RECYCLE

VALID-CASES ,_173.

JSTI'* WASHING SYSTEM

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 68
C : , 25
i 287
TOTAL 460
... MISS-LMG-JCASES - g87
i 253
M<;cn
FREQ
(PCT)
14.8
17.4
5,4
62.4
100 n



ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
39.3
4.A ?
14,5
MISSING
i nn n



Pt IM
FREQ
(PCT)
39.3
100.0
100.0



-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
                                  - CREATED 03/21/78
       — WATER PRESSURE USED FOR WATER WASH
i
I
CATEGORY LABEL
LESS THAN 50 PSI
51 TO TOO PST
101 TO 150 PSI
OVER 150 PSI


VALID CASES 196


CATEGORY LABEL
ALL OF THE TIME
Mr>e;T DP" TWF TTMF
OCCASSIONALLY
NEVER


VALID CASES 444
i

PFI ATTVF Xn II ICTPn
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 149 32.4 76.0
R 4=; Q.R ?"*,0
C 1 0.2 0.5
D 1 0.2 0.5
*
TOTAL 460 100.0 100.0
MISSING CASES 264
-QF TUB OLE AM I N«~"' '
DCl ATTWCT 7n ilfeTCTi
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 62 13.5 14.0
R ?"3P e^J 7 c;-^ £
C 133 28.9 30.0
0 11 2.4 2.5
' * ^ ^
TOTAL 460 100.0 500.0
MISSING CASES 16



FREQ
(PCT)
76.0
99.5
100.0
i U • -.




FREQ
(PCT)
14.0
A7 ft
9.7.5
100.0
i 0 f > n



<

                                    254

-------
 : (53/21/78
  FILE -•INK
         - CREATED 03/21/78
1 . .
CATEGORY LABEL :
ALL OF THE TIME
MOST OF THE TIME
OCCASSIONALLY
NEVER :
it
VALID CASES 297
V Q5.9 ..: 	 REUSE SPEMT-
f
CATEGORY LABEL
ALL OF THE TIME
	 MOST' OF THF TTMF;
OCCASSIONALLY
NEVER

i VALID CASES , 296 "
V. Q60 SPILL CLEAN

CATEGORY LABEL •
1 	
1 YES
j NO , •.. .,..'
L
:

CODE
A ,
R
C
0
TOTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
12
14
34
237
163

460
RELATIVE 	 ADJUSTED
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
2.6
7.4
51.5
• •
100.0
4.0
4.7
11.4
79.8
—MISSING-
ioo.o
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
4.0
fl.fl
20.2
100.0
100,0

MISSING CASES 163
RINSE. WATER As WACH WATER
ad ATTl/IT
CODE
A
R '
C
o ;
TOTAL
MISSING
UP BY DRY
COOE
A
B •
TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
46
40
172
	
460
CASES 164
METHODS
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
363
27
460
-1
FREQ
(PCT)
10.0
a, 3
8.7
37.4-
•^c; 7

100.6
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
78.9
1S.2_
5.9
106.0 -
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
15.5
13.5
58.1
M I 3 3j Wj
100.0

... ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
83.8
16.2
MISSING.
100.0
/*» IM
FREQ
(PCT)
15.5
41.9
100.0
i n A rt


.— ... .CUM 	 : ..
FREQ
' (PCT)
83.8
i rtn n
100.0
i
i  - VALID CASES
433
MISSING CASES
                                           255

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
s 0^1 FI nno ni?ATMC ' Tn ^TODU CFUFD •
i
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
wn


VALID CASES
> 062 FLOOR

CATEGORY LABEL
-""YES""'
rn

y
VALID CASES
1
v 053 UATED

CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
f, Trv \n
11 TO 50

' 	 YA LID- .CASES
DFLATTVF
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 61 13.3
R- TA7 70. B
"32 7,0
TOTAL 460 100.0
428 MISSING CASES 32
DRAINS CONNECTED TO SANITARY SEWER -
"FLATIVF
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREO (PCT)
A 170 37.6
27 ' 5.9
TOTAL 4bO 100.0
433 MISSING CASES 27
I i^FD Tn UJRCU i TO in CAI TI ics
-AOJUSIEO
FREQ
(PCT)
14.3
RE;, 7
MISSING
1.00.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT),
39.3
MISSING
100.0


("I !M
FREQ
(PCT)
14.3
1 0 n . 0
100.0


(^11M ' '
FREQ
(PCT) j
39.3
1
1000 ;
ioo.o •



DC! ATT\/C" An MfCTtm ^»«iui
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
A 162 35.2
R J £t. 3 i 0
C 4 0.9
280 60.9
T^TAL ^^n inn o
isn MTc^TKir ra^P9 *
90.0
7 a
2.2
MISSING
inn n

FRFQ
(PCT)
90.0
100.0
100.0

                                   256

-------
03/21/78
FILE -  INK
- CREATED  03/21/78
s~








CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
6 TO 10
11 TO 50
51 TO 100
QVFR ino


VALID CASES 226

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 168
B 40
c is
0 2
234
TOTAL 460
MISSING CASES 234
RELATIVE-..
FREQ
(PCT)
36.5
3.3
0.4
0.2
50,9
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
74.3
17.7
6.6
0.9
0.4
MISSING
100.0

CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
74.3
98.7
99.6
100.0



V




-

r
i
Q65 U"\TEO USE™ Tn

CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
ft j<"> \n
11 TO 50
51 TO 100
\
—OVER- 100

\
VALID CASES 204

fJACUA C 1 TH Irtrt rtAI

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 128
g ^T
C 28
D ; "3
E ' 2
256
TOTAL *60
MISSING CASES 256

T'JR
DILATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
27.8
o 3
6.1
0.7
0 4
55.7
ioo.o



ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
62.7 .
21.1
13.7
1.5
1 0
MISSING
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
62.7
97.5
99.0
100.0



                                       257

-------
L
  03/21/78          FILE - INK      - CREATED 03/21/78





._Q66.
1
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
6 TO in
11 TO 50
51 TO i6o
nvFR Tnn


VALID CASES 155
> 0^7 W*TED ' '5ED
\
CATEGORY LABEL
0 TO 5
U TO 50
51 TO 100
n\/£p - 1 o 0


VALID CASES 105

CODE
A
s
c
D
r

TOTAL
MISSING
TO WASH *\ ^5

CODE
A
R
C
D
£

TOTAL
MISSIWG

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
87
37
5
I
305
460
CASES 305
1 Tn 500 GA

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
70
If,
• 13
4.
2
. 355
460
l_ 1 UO
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
18.9
8.0
i.i
66.3
100.0

L TUB
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
15.2
2.8
• 0.9
77.2
100.0
An »i<;TFn rt IM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
56.1
1 ft . 1
23.9
3.2
MISSING
100.0


FREQ
(PCT)
66.7
12.4
3.8
MISSING
ioo.o
56.1
96.1
99.4
1
100,0


-J
FRE'Q
(PCT)
66.7
94.3
98.1
100^0
100.0

CASES 355
a
                                    258

-------
1
   03/21/7ft
FILE - INK
                 - CREATED 03/21X78
>..Q6a-._	 WATER USED TO WASH  A  501  TO 1000 GAL  TU
•
- . - ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ

.. 0 TO 5 . : A 56
6 J0...1.0 . .. . q •*
11 TO 50 i C 3
1 51 TO 100 D 5
<»s
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 69 MISSING CASES 391

^ — QA-*3 VATF." "^F_n TO WASH A 1000 GAL nP M

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE 'FREQ
0 TO 5 A : 46
6_T_0_. 10: 91
11 TO 50 C 2
51 TO 100 D 1
	 QVFR inn E j
-*«.
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 52 MISSING CASES 408

Dpi ATTUP
FREQ
(PCT)

12.2
n.7
0.7
i»i
0.4
.85.0
10 0.0


nop- -rii
RELATIVE
FREQ ""
(PCT)
10.0
0.2
0.4
.0.2
88.7
100.0


A n II tcTtrn
FREQ
(PCT)
\

81.2
4.3
4.3
7.2
MISSING
100.0



API iiiQTPri
FREQ
(PCT)
88.5
i Q
3.8
1.9
MISSING
100,0



- CUM
FREQ
(PCT)

81.2
89.9
97.1
inn n
100.0




Pi 'M
FREQ
(PCT)
88.5
QQ &
94.2
96.2
i nh n
100.0
•

......
                                           259

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
"ELATTVP
ABSOLUTE FREQ
j CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
| YES A 38 8.3
-NO R 311 A7.A
1.11 24.1
! TOTAL 460 100.0
t
VALID CASES 349 MISSING CASES 111
V OT1 TC CDI V/FMT DPnTCTTI I crn OMCTTC

ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES A 2 0.4-
MO R 7AA. yq . 1
94 20.4
TOT4L 460 100.0
VALID CASES 366 MISSING CASES 94
V 07? ,, IS STtAM INJECTION! DISTILLATION USED
	 , , "RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
NO 8 55 12.0
1 *
TOTAL 460 100.0
f
, VALID CASES 55 MISSING CASES 405
i
1
v^
. ADJUSTED -
FREQ
(PCT)
10.9
MISSING
100.0


FREQ
(PCT)
0,5
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING

100.0


CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
10.9
inri.n
100.0



(PCT)
0.5
1 n n , n
100.0



n IM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
1 nn . n




                                    260

-------
 03/21/78
FILE - INK
                                   .- CREATED  03/21/78
i
CATEGORY LABEL

VAI in rA
-------
03/21/78
> 	 QZ6 	 _. STEAM
CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES
> H77 STEftW

CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES
FILE - INK f CREATED 03/21/78
CONDENSATE MIXED WITH PROCESS WAST
... 	 _.. RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
D 1 0.2
4=?Q tJQ.^fl 	

TOTAL 460
1 MISSING CASES 459
COMDEMSATE DISPOSED OF OTHER
1
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
E 3

TOTAL 460
3 MISSING CASES 457

ioo.6

METHO
3EL-AT-I-V-E—
FREQ
(PCT)
0.7
' QQ , 3

100. 0


ADJUSTED-
FREQ
(PCT)
— ;
. , CUM
FREQ
(F'CT)
100.0 100.0
..MISSING IOfl.0 ,!.,, 	

100. 0


,-AOJUSXEO-
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING

100.0




	 CUM-..,- , ,
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100^0
'.


1 	 	 	 •
L rV7fl SPFNT
1
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
Kin
™u 	 . 	

i VALID CASES
CAUSTIC TO SANITARY SEWER
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREQ
A 43
8 . lag...
22B

TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
9.3
.41.1- -
49.6
ioo.6r


ADJUSTED 	 CUM 	
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
18.5
81.5
MISSING
100.0
18.5
	 100.0
100.0

232 MISSING CASES 228
262

-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK , .; - CREATED 03/21/78
- 	 Oza 	 SPENT SCM^gM"^ TO e;A\iYYApY SEWFO
	 ; 	 — ^ . . DPI ATTWIT
• ABSOLUTE FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES A 26 5.7
.60 13.6
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 400 MISSING CASES 60
}».. 080 	 .WET SCRUBBERS USED FOR AIR POLL

:
_ , . . - ABSOLUTE FREQ ^
CATEGORY .LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
y£S A 10 2.2
NO - • B 4?T 9\ 1
« 29 6.3
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 431 MISSING CASES 29
1 	 .. ._^ 	 , .. . . ' ...;.. . _


CATEGORY LABEL COOE ^FREO^ "c?>
l~Yes - . •: « i — —^r~
— 	 	 	 	 — 	 	 ^57 9O.T

TOTAL 460 100.0



— AO-JU5TED-
FREQ
(PCT)
, 6.5,
MISSING
100.0


ADJUSTED—
FREQ
(PCT)
2.3
97.7
MISSING
100.0



-ADUU-SZEO—
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
M T CC T Mi"

100.0



CUM — ,
FREQ
(PCT)
6.5
1 ft ft ft
100.0
,



FREQ
(PCT)
2.3
100 n
100.0




	 CUM-
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
_1 n n . n

— 	 — 	 : 	 . , .
   VALID CASES
r
                             MISSIMG CASES    457
                                        263

-------
   03/21/78
         FILE - INK
CREATED 03/21/78
S	Q82-
..USE OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
RELATIVE...
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES B 2 0.4
— - - • • • • • • •
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 2 MISSING CASES 458

"ELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES C 99 21.5
TAI 70.=;

TOTAL, 460 100.6
VALID CASES 99 MISSING CASES 361

OftA HCF OF CYCLQNFS 	 - ... - - 	
.ADJUSTED 	 CUM.
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
ioo.o ' ioo.o
..MISSING 100.0
.
100.0


ADJUSTED rUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT). (PCT)
ioo.o iooao

100.0



    CATEGORY LABEL
   "YES
                          	    RELATIVE -ADJUSTED	CUM.
                          ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ      FREQ
                    CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                TOTAL
                               7        1.5

                             _4S3   	98.5.

                             460      100.0
                    100.0    100.0

                   MISSING —.100..0—

                    100.0
    VALID CASES
                 MISSING CASES    453
                                       264

-------
;>	OSS
03/21/78           FILE - INK       -  CREATED 03/21/78


      	 "SF OF  FTLTFTPS Fnn_ATP Pni  t  rnMTonL
   CATEGORY LABEL
                                CODE
                                             -BELAT-IYE—ADJUST
                                                FREQ      FREQ
                                                (PCT)     (PCT)
                                                   21.1     ,100.0    100, n

                                                  -Z8*S	MISSIHG	1-0-Q-»Q_
                               TOTAL
                                      460
                                                  100.0
                                                         100.0
   VALID CASES
                 97
                             MISSING CASES    363
   QQT
   CATEGORY LABEL
                                   ABSOLUTE
                             CODE    FREQ
       JLJtT-J-WE—AOJJJSXEO	CUM-
        FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
        (PCT)     (PCT)     (PCT)
   YES
                               TOTAL
                                        5        1.1      100.0    100.0

                                    —ASS—'.	...98.9—. —-MISSJJSIG	1_Q..Q...^O_

                                      460     100.0      100.0
  VALID  CASES
                            MISSING CASES   455
—_Q88 —
        --BOILER  SLOWDOWN COMBINED
  CATEGORY LABEL

  YES
                           ..—.-.:   	__-_.-:•   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED-... .CUM
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FRfQ
                            CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)
                               B
                              TOTAL
                                     460
7        1.5      100.0    100.0

   	__98.5..._   MISSING	100.0..

      100.0      100.0
  VALID CASES
                 7
                            MISSING CASES    453
                                       265

-------
03/21/78
f
\
CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES

^ 	 Q90 	 NON CO
CATEGORY -LABEL


VALID CASES
V. AO1 CAMTT/i

CATEGORY LABEL
YES


VALID CASES

FILE - INK - CREATED 03/21/78
CLEAMTMG VM5TE COM°lMEr* 	

ABSOLUTE FPEQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
C 4 0.9 100.0
456 QQ . T Mi«s^f-N<7
TOTAL 460 ioO.O 100.0
4 MISSING CASES , 456
N. nf+f f*nni*T"Mft UATPR rTlMRTKlFH , ...
RFI.ATJVF 	 ADJUSTEE
ABSOLUTE FREQ ' FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
0 46 10.0 100.0
414 	 90^0 	 MISSING
TOTAL 460 100.0 lOO.O
46 MISSING CASES 414
pv WAST^rf/TE0 '"CM0 1 MED 	
PEL*TT-yp" — tTLJli^TPJ
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
E , 41 8.9 100.0

TOT4L 460 100.0 100.0
41 MISSING CASES 419


1
I
CUM
FREQ
(PCT),
100.0
i no . £i
-


1 	 OJM 	
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
lon.n 	

^


FRPQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 	 	


i

266

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
                                   - CREATED 03/21/78
         ..LABORATORY WASTEWATER  COMBINED

CATEGORY LABEL
YES


VALID CASES 21
^ 	 CL9-T 	 	 ^TEAM CWf

s CATEGORY LABEL



VALID CASES 5
^ ooe; wni YlMP nc

CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TD inn fipn
101 TO 250
251 TO 500
751 TO 1000
OVER 1000

'

CODE
F
i

TOTaL
MISSING

CODE
•G ;

TOTAL
MISSING
TMK ppnpjree;1 I

CODE
A
R
c
D ,
F ;
G

TOTAL
\
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
21

460
CASES 439

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
5

460
CASES 455


ABSOLUTE
FREQ
171
171
33 •
12
5
12
50

46"0
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.6

ioo.o

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.1
QQ m O

100.0

T^D GP
PELATI VE
FREQ
(PCT)
37.2
"*7 • 2
7.2
2.6
1.3
v.i"
, 2.6
i n .0

100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0 ,
MISSING

100.0

An II icTrn
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
3
ioo.o


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
41.7
M.7
8.0
2.9
1 *5
1.2
2.9
MISSING

100.0
1
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
100.0



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
ioo.o
inn n




CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
41.7
9i.5
94.4
QC; o
97.1
100.0
1 nn n

.,
                                          267

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
                                  - CREATED 03/21/78
y...Q96 . . PEAK VOLUM

CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO TOO 
-------
 03/21/78
-09.9..
        FILE  -  INK
                                    - CREATED 03/21/78
U)flc;TFWATP-0
                                 REUSED
 CATEGORY LABEL
                  	REL A-T-I-VE	ADJUSTED	CUM—
                         ABSOLUTE    FPEQ-       FREQ     FREQ
                   CODE    F.REQ      (PCT)      {PCT)     (PCT)
 YE?
                                         45

                                        415
                                      9.8      100.0    100.0

                                      Q.g     MIS?INQ   100.0
                             TOTaL
                            460
                                                 100.0
           100.0
 VALID CASES
       45
                            MISSING CASES    415
- Q1QO.-
          -WASTEWATER DISCHARGED
                            •TO CITY SEWE
 CATEGORY LABEL
"YES   ~
                              .. .  ; . ,  .._. - .  .. RELATIVE __ ADJUSTED
                                     ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ
                               CODE    FREQ             (PCT)
                                                         FRFQ
                                                         (PCT)
                            138

                           _322_
                             TOTAL
                            460
  30.0      100.0

-,_7..0,«J1	MISSING-

 100,0      100.0
                                                                    100.0

                                                                    Tnn.o
 VALID CASES
      138
                            MISSING CASES    322

CATEGORY- LABEL
YES

i
ABSOLUTE
CODE . FREQ
E 13
447

TOTAL 460
RFLATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
2.8
Q7.2

100.0
— AOJUSI£D-
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING

100.0
ryM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
i nn n

VALID CASES 13 MISSING CASES'' 447
                                     269

-------
03/31/78
                      FILE  -  INK
                                    - CREATED 03/21/78
          -WASTEWATER DISCHARGED  TO RECEIVING WATER
CATEGORY LABEL
YES
                                       	     RELATIVE.
                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ
                                 CODE    FREQ       (PCT)

                                 F          4       6.9
                                        	CUM._
                                 FREQ      FREQ
                                 (PCT)     (PCT)
                            TOTAL
                                          460
                     100. 0
1.00.0     1QQ..O

 SS.ING	-.LOJU-Q-

ioo.o
VALID CASES
                             MISSING CASES   456
Q103
CATEGORY LABEL
                                CODE
                                   	BELAJ3-UE	AOJUSXEO——CUM_
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ.     FREQ
                                      FREQ
                      ;(PCT)
 (PCT)
                                                                    (PCT)
YES
                                                 3.0
                                                             100.0
                                         100.0

                                        -1.0.(U-0-
                            TOTAL
                                          460
                     100.0
100.0
VALID CASES
                     14
MISSING CASES    446
I
CM-Q4-
             -WASThWATER INCINERATED
   CATEGORY  LABEL

   "YES"'""
VALID CASES
                            	  	.    RELATIVE.... ADJUSTS!
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)
                             H
                                                 0.4
                               TOTAL      460     100.-0


                             MISSING  CASES , 458
                               100.0

                             .-MISSING.

                               100.0
         _.._CUM_
          FRFQ
          (PCT)

         f.pci.o

         _1.0\0 . 0^_
                                    270

-------
03/21/78 i FILE
^ m n=; WACTFWATFO m

CATEGORY LABEL
YES


VALID CASES 2

y, — QID.O 	 WASltWAItK LI

CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES 123

L qin7 UACTFUATFD 1

CATEGORY LABEL :
YES ;



- INK - CREATED 03/21/78
RELATIVE ADJUSTED CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT) (PCT)
I 2 0.4 100.0 100.0
... ...
TOTaL 460 100.0 100.0
MISSING CASES 458
^MTO A f*T LI A 1 It m — .

RELATIVE.'- ADJUSTED- -CUM
ABSOLUTE FREQ ' FREQ FREQ
COf)E FREQ (PCT) 
-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
                                  - CREATED 03/21/78
1
V— oinft WftST^WATE0 TO DEEP WFLL DISPOSAL
'
	 	 	 	 	 RFLATT VF
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
YES L 1 0.2

TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 1 MISSING CASES 459


V nifiQ- AycofiRP \/o[_i IMC TMi'' PR^^E^S W^^TE DISCH^P
"tl_ATT^E
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
0 A .237 51.5
1 yn ]hn GPD n si 1^,3
101 TO 250 C 32 7.6
251 TO 500 D 10 2.2
=;oi -f " 7^1 E * 1*1
751 TO 1000 F 5 1.1
OVER 1000 G 11 2.4
7* 1*.5

TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 384- MISSING CASES 76



ADJUSTFD
FREQ
(PCT)
100. 0
-MISSING

100.0




AOJ"STED
FREQ
(PCT)
61.7
8.3
2.6
1.3
1.3
2.9
-M.ISSI-NG -

100.0




PI IM '
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100 ft







(PCT)
61.7
AT .A
91.9
t
94.5
97.1
100.0
loii.o




\
                                 272

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
                                    -  CREATED 03/21/73
i.
CATEGORY LABEL
0
1 TO 1 0..0 .GI2D _
101 TO 250
251 TO 500
f?m Tn 7SO
751 TO 1000
OVER 1000

VALID CASES
; - RELATIVE -
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 209 45.4
- .. B i 7j 15,4-
C 26 5.7
D 18 3.9
F A pta
F 3 0.7
\ ' G 12 2.6
117 25.4-

TOTAL 460 100.0
343 MISSING CASES 117
ADJUSTED--.
FREQ
(PCT)
60.9
7.6
5.2
1.2
0.9
3,5

100..0


FREQ
(PCT)
60.9 '
89.2
94.5
96.5
100.0
1 00 ft


i : .
	 	 .... ..
QI i 1 nnc-c
f "J-J-i u^i_J
"CATEGORY LABEL
YES
NO


VALID CASES
PLANT HAVE MPPFS PERMIT
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 10 2.2
> 359 78.0
TOTAL 460 100.0
. ,101 MISSING CASES 359

-ADJUST-ED—
FREQ
(PCT)
9.9
e>n , i
MISSING
100.0


riiM
FPEQ
(PCT)
9.9
100.0
100.0


-
I . '
' ' " -
                                     273

-------
03/21/78
O}
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES 'A 8
NO R ?|A
236
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
1.7
51..3
100.0
ADJUSTED—
FREQ
(PCT)
3.6
96,4
MISSING
100.0
—. '
FREQ
(PCT)
3.6
i n n , o
100.0

VALID CASES 224 MISSING CASES 236
> llf"^ nnfTQ PLANT H*VE'DFPMTT FOP.,COOLiKIG

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL C05E FREQ
YES A ig
NCI R 91 R
223
TOTAL 460
WATE°

PELATIVE *n.iiicTPn
FREQ
(PCT)
4,1
47, i.
43.5
100.0
FREQ
(PCT)
a.o
O9, 0
MISSING
100.0

: run
FREQ
(PCT)
8.0
100,0
ioo.o

VALID CASES 237 MISSING CASES 223
V 	 Q_1_1_q 	 UtlMTr-[0*]_TTy ncpc; WA^T^ nopi

_ , ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES A 84
-
TOTAL 460
NAMTE
DPI ATTUF
FREQ
(PCT)
18.3
*
100.0

— ivOJUSIEO —
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0

ioo.o

f*l IM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
i n o o

VALID CASES 84 MISSING CASES " 376
                                    274

-------
j   03/21/73           FILE - INK      -  CREATED 03/21/78

y.-.QU.6— _  MUNICIPALITY IMPOSES SEWER USE  CHARGES
   CATEGORY LABEL

,   ~YES "~~      7 ".
                                -....., ,   __.-—   ,  RELATIV£-_. AD JUSTED	CUM_
                                      ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FREQ
                                CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    —Q-ua—:	MUNICIPALITY
                               ISSUES SEWER PERMITS
   CATEGORY LABEL

   YES •
                               	s. .___—_._._; ....RELATIVE-  ADJUSTED	CUM_
                                      ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ      FREQ
                                CODE    FREQ      (PCT) '     (PCT)     (PCT)
                                          39
                                                   8.5
                                                            100.0
                                        100.0
                                                -,_9..1..5	 MISSING	LQ.O..Q	
                               TOTAL
                                         460
                                                 100.0
                                                            100.0
   VALID CASES
                    39
                             MISSING CASES   421
                                         275

-------
03/21/78
         FILE -  INK
         - CREATED 03/21/78
          MIJMICIoaLTTv  "EO'-'IPEg PLAMT TO A.MALYZE! ''/
CATEGORY LABEL
	RELATJl-y£-
       ABSOLUTE    FPEQ
 CODE    FREQ      (PCT)
                                                FREQ
                                                (PCT)
                                         F=cFQ
                                         (PCT)
YES
                              30
                       6.5
                             100.0
100.0
                            TOTAL
                             4-60
                     100. 0
                             100.0
VALID CASES
        30
MISSING CASES   4^u
O1 7>Q
..PLANT WASTEWATER  IS TREATED BEFORE DISPO
CATEGORY LABEL
 VALID CASES
       .231
                   	1  	RELATIVE—ADJUSTED	CUM_
                          ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ      FREQ
                    CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)  „  (PCT)
                             A

                            _ B __.



                            TOTAL
30
?01
. 22?
460
6.5
43.7
49.8
100.0
13.0
aytn
MISSING
100.0
13.0
100,0

MISSING  CASES   229
                                   276

-------
    03/21/78
                      FILE - INK
                                       -  CREATED 03/21/78
:__i: 	 PFf ATTVF AR PM^TPn
. -'- ABSOLUTE FRFQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
0 A 78 17.0 78.0
1 TO ?n R 7 i i*- 7 n
.21 T0 4« C 3 0.7 3.0
41 TO 6Q 0 1 , 6.2 1.0
- «-f- T.n CJQ '"~ F ; ? ^ 4 p 0
100 G 9 2.0 9.0
360 78,3 MISSING
TOTflL ^6" inf 0 inn n
	 tfAMD CASFS 100 	 	 _MlAsiwa CA?;Ft; 7Arj
)
\
'
P1 (M
FREQ
(PCT)
78 ..0
88.0
89.0
Q| f)
100.0
100.0


-

I
^—CLL22	:	RESIN WASTE AS PERCENT OF TOTAL
  . --          •
   CATEGORY LABEL



   °


   .LJT0...20   '•  ...
                               — - -  ——^—>-   --•- RELATIVE— ADJUSTED	CUM_

                                      ABSOLUTE     FREQ       FREQ     FREQ

                                CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
                                          70
 15.2
                               TOTiL
                                         388


                                         460
 84.3


100.0
  97.2     97.2


   2.8	LOO.O..



MISSING   -10-0.0


 100,0   ~~  ~~"
   VALID CASES
                    72
                             MISSING CASES   398
                                      277

-------
03/21/78
FILE  -  INK
         -  CREATED  03/21/78
"
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A 95
ion ft i

TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 96 MISSING CASES 364
_
01 ?4 ATP PfH | WA^TF AS PFprFNT OF TOTAf
i
1
i
! ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A« 73
! 1 TO ?0 8 f
386
JU
'ELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
20.7
n,?
7Q.T
100.0



BELATXVE-
FREQ
(PCT)
15.9
83.9
AOJH5TPD
FREQ %
(PCT)
99.0
MISSING
100.0



AO-JU«;TFn
FREQ
(PCT)
98.6
1.4
MISSING
/ ;
FREQ
(PCT)
99.0
loo. n
100.0

i

'

FREQ
(PCT)
98.6
i o n „ n
100.0
                            TOTAL
                    460
                    100.0
100.0
VALID  CASES
74
MISSING CASES   386
                                    278

-------
03/21/78 FILE -
> — 04-25 	 gA"TTAPY- WASTE.

CATEGORY LABEL
o
i rn po
21 TO 40
100

VALID CASES 129
INK - CREATED 03/21/78
_a.9 pro'^frivif AF TOT/iL
OPM ATTW1T
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 1.17 ,25.4
.. . B : L. no
C 4 0.9
G . t. 4 ••- 0.9

TOTAL 460 100. 0
MISSING CASES 331

— AOJUS-TED-
FREQ
-(PCT)
90.7
*3 1
i » 1
3.1
3.1
— M-I55IN6 — _
100.0

-.

CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
90.7
96.9
100.0
— U)0 , 0 	 ; 	

• ' .
• i •-''..
^ — QI2.6 — -- -. COOLING WATER, A

CATEGORY LABEL
_ ________ 	
	 1 TO ?Q
21 TO 40 .
41 TO 60
• 6.1 T0_ 80
81 TO 99
100 i

S PERCENT. OF TOTAL
DC*I ATTl/C*
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ (PCT)
A 122 26. S
8 P n j
C 1 0.2
D , 2 0.4
F ; >, 0.9 '
•• « ,5 1.1
..oS^-H.
TOTAL 460 100.0

-ADJUSTED—
FREQ
(PCT)
87.8
1 -4
0.7
1.4
2.9
3.6
100.0


FREQ
(PCT)
87.8
flQ 5
89.9
91.4
Q-3 C
96.4
100.0
IQO^Q 	

VALID CASES
139
                         MISSING  CASES    321
                                  279

-------
03/21/73
FILE - INK
        - CREATED 03/21/78
y Ql?7 	 njM^M wnv | fc n^ — tdfaWUf-f^-J — •*-«= 	 ULM-O-U 	
i
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
0 A 39
1 TO ?0 R 1
81 TO 99 F 1
. *.l?
TOTAl A Art
Mt-aiiBJ*™-' ii
nioft TPFATMFMT RY WFHTPAI T7ATTOM

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE ' FREQ
,' YES A 9 '
45 V
TOTAL 460
| VALID CASES 9 MISSING CASES 45
.
	 ,_-,.

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL " CODE FREQ
YES 8 36
4?4
TOTAL 460
"""-•- • — "
-BELAXIVE AOJUSXED—
FREQ FREQ.
(PCT) (PCT)
8.5 95.1
0.2 2.4
.91.1. MISSING
inn.o ion, n 	
Q

RE'LAT IV.E 	 AD JUS3^D_
FREQ FREQ ,
(PCT) 
-------
    Q3/21/7B
                       FILE  - INK
                                        -  CREATED 03/21/78
   -Q130	  TREATMENT BY  FLOTATION
    CATEGORY  LABEL
       •              RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
           ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FRFQ
    CODE     FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)
 CUM._
FREQ
(PCT)
                     1                      460      loo.o    MISSING   100.0

        	—	:	-;-'-       ..—TOTAL	46<3	iO.O*jQ_.	100.0	


 — .VAL1D_CASES.._.	  ..0      MISSING CASES.. . 460	"_	
 J                    •             • -               .           —   -   .	•	;	





 •f Q13]	TOFflTMFMT HV pr)LYMER_	

                 - -        -           I                    •
  ~	:	—	—	:	BELATIME	An.iilgTFn     ryM
   PATFrnov , -Xan         '   ,  .   _'   ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
   CATEGORY LABEL               CODE    FREQ1      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

                • •"• v  :    •                  ^66      foo.p    MISSING    100.0

  	—	TOTAL	4^Jl______LaQ^JL	1-0 OyQ.  '	


  —VAI TD CASE.S	:	_Q	   MT^-.Mn  TA<;F<;    ^.An        	"'








^	Q132—	LAGOON TREATMENT   "      ^                           .	


   .._._.	.....        '   ,..  ... ..  ..   .  .,...,_,.    RELATIVE   ADJUSTED 	CUM._.
         •  .                        _'.  ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FREQ
   CATEGORY LABEL               CODE ;    FREQ        (PCT)      (PCT) '    (PCT)

                                 E           3        0.7    .100.0     100.0

        		— ,         „-_,.;  ,.'.	457.      .99.3 _'.  MISSING- -_1.00..0_.,

                                TOTAL      460     ~100.0      100.0
   VALID  CASES
MISSING  CASES   457
                                        281

-------
03/21/78 rILE - INK - CKtATtU OJ/dl/ra
V Ql 3^ CADPO^I Ap^npoy^nM TD^^TMFMT 	
c
RH.&TTVF 	 AQJUSTF_D_
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
460 100,0 MISSING
TOTAL 4fin inn,n inn, ft

O1**4 TREATMENT BY FQUAl'lZATION • • ......... ..
	 RELATIVE 	 ADJUSTED ..
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ.
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT) (PCT)
YES G 3 0.7 * .100.0
4^7 " 99.J3 	 MISSING—
TOTAL 460 iOQ.O 100.0
VALI.D CASES 3 MISSING CASES 457


FREQ
(PCT)
lOOoO



CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
_LCLQLJ5 	 : 	



CATEGORY LABEL
YES

VALID CASES 11

ABSC
CODE FF
H
t
TOTAL l
MISSING CASE
                                              	RELA-T-I.VE	ADJUSTED	CUM_
                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ  .   FREQ
                                                     (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                           46.0
          100.0     10000

    x	MISSING	1.00 ,.0-

100.0     100.0
r
                                     282

-------





L
r




.
1
1
r
r~
\
03/21/79 ' . FILE - INK - CREATED
Q13o TWt.AfMc.NI H Y LI"t, AUD I i iUN
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL > COnE FREQ
460
TOTil 460


': ' •' :
. .. ...
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES .- J 1
.
, TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 1 MISSING CASES 45

QU38 TREATMNT BY GRAVITY SEPARATION
: , - . ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES ; K '• 19
_. 	 ._.„.., . ; . ' ' ... _... '. .._ ..441
TOTAL 460
03/21/78
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
ioo.o
D


RELATIVE
FREQ
,(PCT)
0.2
QQ.fl

100.0
9
	

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
4.1
95.9
100.0
1
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
MISSING
100,0


i
-ADJUSTED
FREQ '
(PCT)
100.0
RISSiNG.

100.0 '

-

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

CUM 	
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0



-
CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0




•• "
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 	
i
'VALID  CASES
19
MISSING CASES   441
                                     283

-------
]   03/21/78

                      FILE  -  INK
             -IB£AJMFNT RY  FILTPAJJpJM-
                         - CREATED  03/21/78
   CATEGORY LABEL
                  	RELATIVE-—ADJUSTED	CUM_...
                         ABSOLUTE     FRF.Q       FREQ     FREQ
                   CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
f  YES
                                                    0.9      100.0     100.0

                                                                 JG	LQ.OL»G-
                                TOTaL
                            460
                                                  100.0
100.0
   VALID CASES
                MISSING CASES   456
i
>-._ai.40 .... _.. TREATMENT BY ALUM  ADDITION
   CATEGORY LABEL

   YES
                         ABSOLUTE
                   CODE    FREQ
                                                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED	CUM...
                                                   FREQ
                                                   ((PCT)
 FREQ
 (PCT)
FRF.Q
(PCT)
                                M
                               TOTAL
                                            Z
                            460
                                                    0.4     100.0

                                                 ^-99.6. -...MISSING.

                                                  100.0     100.0
                                                                      100.0

                                                                     -1Q.O..O_
   VALID  CASES
                             MISSING  CASES   458
>	CO.4J.
apTTVATPn g|"P?F  TPFXTMFMT,
   CATEGORY LABEL

   "YES	
                  	;	,	RELATIVE—ADJUSTED	C
                         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FRFQ
                   CODE     FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                            460
                                                    1.5      100.0    100.0

                                                 —98 ..5	MISS ING	10 0 ..0

                                                  100,0      100.0
   VALID CASES
               MISSING  CASES   453

-------
   03/21/73
        FILE  -
         - CREATED  03/21/78
   Q142
BATCH OR CONTINUOUS TREATMENT SYSTEM
   CATEGORY LABEL
   BATCH
   CONTINUOUS _..
1 '
CODE
A S
B
0 i
•OTAL
. ABSOLUTE
FREQ'
34
27
399
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
7-*
5.9
86.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
55.7.
44.3
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFO
(PCT)
55.7
100.0
100.0

   VALID CASES
       61
MISSING CASES    399
                    DP  mMTjMlinijC i^a^TFVJ.ftTFP
   CATEGORY LABEL
   BATCH
!	CONTUMU.Q11S	_._	
                  	:	_._R£LATIVE_-ADJUSTED -	GUM-
                         ABSOLUTE    FRE-Q      FREQ      FREQ
                   CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                   A
                   B
              73
             _.30	
 15.9
_ 6.5-
                               TOTAL
                             357
                             460
                      77.6
                     100.'b
   VALID  CASES
       103
MISSING  CASES   357
   70.9     70.9
	E9..1	:_. 1.0 Q»0—
 MISSING   100.0
          100.0
                                        285 -

-------
03/21/7R
        FILE - INK
                                   -  CREATED  03/21/78
0144
YEAR WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM WAS INS
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
GORY LABEL CODE F'REQ (PCT)
56
57.
60
61
	 „. . . , . 62.
68
69
	 • 	 7ft
72
73
75
76
77
TOTAL
1
... 1
1
i
i
3
. 4
?
3
2
2
8
5
A
422
460
0.2
.. 0.2... .
'• 0.2 ^
0.2
. .. 0.2. -
0.7
0.9
0.4
0.7
0.4
ri.4
. 1.7
1.1
91.7
100.0
ADJUSTED CUM _
FREQ FREO
(PCT) (PCT)
2.6
2.6
•2.6
2.6
__. 2.6.-.
7.9
10.5
5^3
7.9
5.3
R-T
21.1
13.2
i n Q
MISSING
100.0
, 2.6
S,3
7.9
10.5
n?
21.1
31.6
Tft A
44.7
50.0
«?m •?
76.3
89.5
i nn n
100.0

VALID CASES
       38
                         MISSING CASES   422
                                286

-------
03/21/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
.: so.
ion.
>. Voii:.
600,
i ' 700 .
1000.
1340:.
1500.
1800.
i 2000.
! iooo.
610S6.
10000.
i 1 1 o o o .
1117«.
15000.
1
j
i 17000.
- 18000.
20000.
acnnn
55000.
0.
;- 	 • - : TOTAL
1
3
i
1
?
i
1
•?
1
3
i_
1
3
I
i
4
1
?
1
- i"
i
' 427
460
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
• FREQ FREQ
(PCT) ,(PCT)
' 0,2
0.2
0.2
0.4.
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.7
n . ?
0.2
0.9
0 .?
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
92.8
100.0
3.0
<3,1
3.0
3.0.
	 	 6^1. -
3.0
3.0
- ^«1
3.0
, 9.1
3.0 - -
. 3.0
9.1
- 3.0
3.0
12.1
3.0
6.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM. 	 	
FRFQ
(PCT)
3.0
12.1
15.2
18.2
24.2
27.3
30.3
36". 4
39.4
48.5
51 1*
54.5
63.6
66.7 .-'--..
69.7
81.8
84.8
90.9
93.9
97.0
100.0
100. 0
                                   287

-------
03/25/78
S oiift
r
FILE - INK
AMMIIAL nprpftTjnM rncf15 nr

CREATED 03/21/78
G
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ


I
1
i
i
\
i
i
i
L . ...
i
10.
!
100.
150.
260.
600.
1000 .

3000.
9000.
0.
... , • 	 ... TOTAL
1
I
.3
1
i
i
i
«
4
1
i'
435
.....460
ELATIVE
FREQ

-------
                      F:\_E -
                         - CREATED  03/21/73
   Q149
SLUDGE STORED  ON PLANT PROPERTY
   CATEGORY LABEL

   YES
      ABSOLUTE
CODE    FREQ
                                    RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                                      FREO      FREQ
                                      (PCT)      (PCT)
                   A
                               TOTAL
                          ..^458

                            460
                    0.4

                   99.6

                  100.0
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FRF.Q
 (PCT)

100,0

100.0 .
   VALID CASES"
                MISSING CASES    458
        ......_.		_.RELATIVE	ADJUSTED	CUM—
                                       ABSOLUTE    FPEQ       FREQ     FREQ
   CATEGORY  LABEL               CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      

[   YES    ~B           3       0.7      100.0    100.0

  	L _	 .:.	.___	.452	:	99..3	-MISSING	10,0.0-.-
                    f~~       • -- - ' •-  --.    -   4»*»«»WM*»    •»•••!••»«->«     «•••«•••«•.••
                               TQTaL     460     100.0    .  100.0


   VALID CASES       3      MISSIKIG CASES   457
  ;			.   •  '		  	  	:	
                  •     ;      -         •'   .--...••...".•'       '
                                       (     \   '     "
                                                      >


V.-.-.Q1S1	 SLUDGE IS SOLD	


!               .                                  RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
i              '                         'ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FRFQ
   CATEGORY  LABEL               CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

I   YES                           C           -1?.       0.4      100.0    100.0

i  ..       ....   ...                  ..'..... 458      99'.6    MISSING   V100.0
!           ,             .             ,  -____„  '  -___„—     ______
i                               TOTAL  '.   460     100.0      100.0
   VALID CASES
                MISSING  CASES
              458
                                        289

-------
   03/21/78
                  FILE  - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
             -SLUOGE—LS—CONIRACX-HlULED-
                                                                    CUM
                                                                   FRFQ
                                                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                                     - ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FRFQ
   CATEGORY  LAPEL              CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCTJ
   YES                          D          59       12.8     100.0    100.0
  - , ------- . -- .... ________ ,_.. ________ &ni       a?,? ____ MISSING— 100.0.
                               TOTAL     4-60      100.0   _. 10,0.0

   VALID CASES       59      MISSING CASES   401

v._,Q153. ....... SLUDGE  IS RECLAIMED

I                                                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                                      ABSOLUTE     FPEO      FREO     FRFQ
   CATEGORY  LABEL              CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)  ,  (PCT)
i                                         460      loo.o    MISSING   100.0
j .,_ ...... , _ __ .....           ..TOTAL    . ..46,0  ....... 100.0.  ..   100.0  _____ .  .

•._ VALID CASES.  .     o      MISSING CASES   460                    ..- .  ...


(
I
S	OLSA-
          ...SLUDfiE
   CATEGORY  LABEL
                            	•	RELATIVE.-.. ADJUSTED    CUM_
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FREQ
                             COOE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PC'D
                               TOTflL
                                        9        2.0
                                      .451	98.0
                                      460      100.0
                      100.0     100.0-
                     MISSING- . .100.0..
                      100.0
VA.LID CASES
                             MISSING CASES    451
                                    290

-------
;   03/21/7^           FILE - INK   '    - CREATED 03/21/73

t       *            i                '   •
i   • .               ,                • -
V—.Q.L56	I.5.. SLUDGE. .CQMQI TUNEo,	      	
   CATEGORY LAREL

   YES,     	"

 — NO  .   . _.._-_
                                               : -. .RELATIVE- . ADJUSTED    CUM-
                                   !_    ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FREQ "
                                 CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
                                            3

                                         J.15
                                                 0.7

                                                -25 ..9-
                                                                     2.5
                               TOTAL
                                          33fl

                                          460
                                                73,5

                                               100.0
                               2.5

                           _ SZ. 5_ _z

                           MISSING   loo.o
                             100.0
   VALID CASES:
                    122
                          MISSING CASES   338
V.  Ql'57
             CONTRACTOR  USES PUBLIC LANDFILL
-._-.„„ ,„,
CATEGORY LABEL

YES
  -   ABSOLUTE
CODE    FREO
          50

         410
         -B^^-
         460
                                                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED  ...   CUM	
VALID CASES
                    50
                               TOTAL


                             MISSING CASES
                                                FREQ
                                                .(PCT)

                                                10.9

                                                S9.i
                                               *-«•«»_.»
                                               100.0
                                                              FREO
                                                              (PCT)
                                                                       FREQ
                                                                       (PCT)
                                                            100.0     100. Q"

                                                           MISSING, ._ 100.0....
                                                            •«>««.«.«
                                                            100.0
                                             410
)=—JU53-
             rnMTParTi-ip IJSES
   -      -
   CATEGORY LABEL

   YES
   VALID CASES
                                               ANDFILL
                    71
                                ;_—,.,__ ------ ._-• ---- RELATIVE-  ADJUSTED-  -CUM
                                  -   ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FRFQ     FRFQ
                                CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     
-------
03/21/78
 FILE  -  INK
                                  - CRE&TED 03/21/73
Q159. CONIKAUIUK 1NUINC.WA 1 h.b 3LUUWC.

RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COPE FREQ

YES C 17
L .... 	 	 	 ._ 	 	 .. _443
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 17 MISSING CASES 443
i
i
j

t _f
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO
: "YES ° ?2
; 4-?*
| TOTAL 460
FREO
(PCT)

3.7
96.3.....
106.0"






ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)

100.0
MISSING

100.0





?ELAT-I-V£ 	 AOJUSZEO
FREO
(PCT)
4.8
<**,?
ioo.o
FREO
(PCT)
100.0
MISSXNG —
100.0

CUM .. ..
FREQ
(PCT)
•• — — •-
100.-0
1 OQ 0
*
^





-CUM. ' '..:
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
.100.0

!.
1 VALID CASES 22 MISSING CASES 438
1 ' ' , '
I, 	 CLL61 	 CONTRACTOR DISPOSAL METHOD UNKNOWN
t
i
l ABSOLUTE
} CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO
! YES E 144
316
I • * * ~ «— •
TOTAL 460

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
31.3
68.7

100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING

100.0



CUM.. ....
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0... ... ..


 VALID CASES
144
MISSING CASES   316
                                   292

-------
                  . FIUE -
                        - CREATED  03/21/78
Q163
COST PER GALLON OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL
RELATIVE ADJUSTED
; ABSOLUTE FREQ FRFQ
CATEGORY LABEL . COnE FREQ (PCT) {PCT>
- - . ' - ; . f .
. ' • " 2. : •-
3.
. - ••- ' - ---.- ... 	 	 ., . .'. ' 4.-
,|' , ' ' . ' ' > ' "
____, . _„_..__
** i
	 . . . ' • '• . • 7._
9- :
- -11.
• : 12. i
IS;
" ' 17
^ ' - 18,. •
19,
----- -20^-
-
'.
4
.2
7
... .1
6
"""s ~-"T--
2_
2
4_
14
4
6.
6
2
|
1
1
- 1
1
^
0.9
0.4
1.5
0..2 -.
"Y.i """"" '
0.4
0.4
0.9
3.0
0.9
0.9
OA
1.3
0.4
n ?
0.2
0.2
0.2
-. )- -: L „* ..; •::,
0.2 •-
n . 7
0,9
0.4
1.5
. 0.2
.... i'3/ .,
1.1
-.0 ^4 .
0.4
0.9
0.9
0.9
.-O.A. ...
1.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
--0.7-
0.2
0.2
n 7
CUM
FREQ

-------
03/21/78 FILE - INK - C
zV
28.
32.
34.

47.
• "50.
i 69.
TOTAL
:REATEO
L.
2
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
460
33/21/78
0*9
0.4
0.2
1.5
0.2
0.2
n.7
0.2
0.2
.0.2
100.0
0 Q
0.4
0.2
i
•- .liS ...
0.2
0.2
r>,7
p. 2
0.2
0.2
0.2
100.0

96.3
96.5
98.3
98.5
pq.l
99.3
99.6
100.0

294

-------
    Q3/21/7A          FILE -  INK  ,,    -CREATED 03/?1X78


    Q164      PERCENT OF           FLOW BECOMING SLUDGE  .,
    CATEGORY LABEL

    0 TO 5

    6 TO 10

    11 TO 15
                         ABSOLUTE
                   CODE    FREQ

                   A         40

                   8          8

                   C          9
                               TOTAL
                            404

                            '+60
RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
  FREQ      FREQ
  (PCT>     (PCT)

   8.7      71.4

   1.7..     . 14.3 . .

   1.7  '    14.3

  87.8    MISSING
                                           CUM
                                        .  FREQ
                                          (PCT)

                                          71.4

                                        ... 85.7 .

                                        100.0

                                        100.0
                                                  100.0   .„._, 100.0 _..
    VALID CASES
        56
              OFFSPFC
                             MISSING CASES   404
                                     uTTH
   CATEGORY  LABEL

   YES "   "'
                  	—— —RELATIVE—ADJUSTED	CUM _
                         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ     FRFQ"
                   CODE    FREO      (PCT)     (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                            460
                       0.7     100.0  r  100.0

                    _..9.9 ^3^	MISSING	100.0—

                     100.0     100.0
   VALID CASES
                             MISSING CASES   457
S-..-Q166.
OFFSPEC INK SOLD TO SCAVENGERS
   CATEGORY LABEL

   YES'1
   VALID CASES
       42
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                        ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ '    FRFQ
                  CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT')
                               ,B
                               TOTAL"
MISSING CASES
42
41fl
460
SES '" 418
:95 -•
• 9.1
90.9
100.0

100.0
MISSING
100.0

100.0
100.0

;

-------
   03/31/78
  FILE  - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
C.ATEGORY LABEL CODE
' YES C ,
TOTAL
t
t
VALID CASES 85 MISSING
}
ABSOLUTE
85

460
CASES 375
1
V.. .Q168_ 	 OFFSPEC INK BLENOF.D INTO OTHER PRO
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES . D 378
8?
TOTAL
VALID CASES 378 MISSING

460
CASES 82
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
18.5

100.0

DUCT
RELATIVE
FREQ
((PCT)
82.2
1.7.8
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING.

100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
* lOO'.O""
MISSING
100.0
CUM .. 	
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0




CUM 	 .
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100,0


                               -QE-
   CATEGORY LABEL
            _,	. 	RELATIVE:. ADJUSTED ...   CUM...
                   ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ      FRFQ
             CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
.GIVE
• HAUL
PAY

TOTAL -
1 '
1_
1
457
460
0.2
0 , 7>
0.2
99.3
. 100.0.
                                                             33.3      33.3


                                                             _33.3	66.7


                                                             33.3     100.0


                                                                      100.0
                                        MISSINO


                                        .100.0	.. -.  -...
•_..VALID CASES.
,	3.  	MISSING  CASES '...457..— ..


                    296

-------
 <33/21/7fl          FILF -  INK    ,   - CREATED 03/21/78


. "    - -  V

 Q170      PLANT HAS PH ANALYSIS  OF WASTEWATF.P
 CATEGORY LABEL
                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                  ABSOLUTE •    FRF.Q       FREO     FRFQ
            CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
i Tt5 , _ . A 53 11.5
-407 88.5
TOTAL K 460 100.0
VALID CASES 53 MISSING; CASES 407
^ °i7i PL«MT HA.S ROD AMAL.YSTS OF WASTEWATF°
.. 	 _....," ..'.', RELATIVE
- • ; ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY, LARFL COHE FREQ (PCT)
YES B 33 7.2
•*
TOTAL 460 100.0
/ VALID CASES 33 MISSING CASES 427
i - 'A
,r --:-— - .

i • - ' • - •'• •.'.-••'
^ — 0172. :......_. PLANT HAS COD ANALYSTS OF WASTEWATER
RELATIVE
„ „ • ' ' ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL , CODE FREQ (PCT) -
'vc ' ' '" '' "' •
ES C Ifl . 3.9
442 96.1
. • •. TOTaL 460 100.0
100.0 100.0
MISSING ioo.o.._..
loo.q
AO.JUSTFP CtIM
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MfSSINfi 100 0

100.0




ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING loo.o
100.0
VALID CASES
IS
                                  CASES   442



                                      297

-------
 03/21/78
 FILE - INK
                                       -•"CREATED 03/21/78
   7T
!
j   CATEGORY LABEL

~~~YES
   CODE

   D
                  ABSOLUTE
                    FREQ
                                               RELATIVE
                                                 FREQ
                                                 (PCT)
                              TOTAL
                      32       7,0

                    ...428	-9.3 ..0—

                     460     100.0
 ADJUSTED
   FREQ
   (PCT)

  100.0

-MISSING—

  100.0
  CUM
 FRFQ
  (PCT)

 100.0

JL O0.^0_.
 VALID CASES
32
                             MISSING' CASES   428
.. Q1Z4.	PLANT HAS TOTAL  SOLIDS AMALSIS OF WASTEW
  CATEGORY LABEL

  YES
   CODE

   E

  ..._._.,.

  TOTAL
                           ' RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM...
                  ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
                    FREQ      (PCT)      
-------
                  FILE - INK
                        - CREATFD  03/?l/79
Q176
PLANT HAS OIL AND GRFASE, ANALYSIS
CATEGORY LABEL
                                   RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM
                        ABSOLUTE     FREQ       FREQ     FREQ
                  CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

.
•
,-
•
_
..
••
I
:
1
YES G 17
: 443
3.7
96.3
.- ' TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 17/ MISSING CASES 443
tti77 PLANT HAS Ti"5siniTY ANALYSIS o^ '-"V^TEWAT
RPI ATTUF
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES, H 5
•
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 5 MlsSIMG CASES 455
.- ' .._...,...._:
. _QL78 	 ._ PLANT HAS TRACE ORGANJICS ANALYSIS
' ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
YES . • I 5
' ' 455
, TOTAL 460
VALID CASES ; 5 wlSSI'NG CASES 455
FREQ
(PCT)
!•!

100.0


RELATIVE
. .FREQ
(PCT)
'l.l
98.9
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
ADJUSTED- -
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING '-
100.0


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
JOO.O
100.0 	 : 	
-
\
. CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
1*00.0


.

CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 "

-------
03/21/78
                  FILE -  INK
                        - CREATED  03/23/78
Q180
NEW CAP COST FOR RASFLINE WATER POLL REG
| CATEGORY LARF.L cOr>E
500.
-. .. 	 . • :J32.06.
i 4000.
5000.
- — 	 ..-- 6000..
« 7500.
10000.
}••- - 	 	 	 _J_9.0fto.
! 15000.
i
200,0.0..-.
IT — — 	 	 "SO-OiL.
30000.
38000.
_.__ — . 	 	 	 _ _ .400Qfl~.
j 50000.
! 60065.
	 	 . .8.0.00-0-.
125000.
150000.
	 — — 	 --- 1^5-0-dn
1500000.
0.
i 	 _ — . 	 	 	 	 	 XQZ4L

RELATIVE ADJUSTED
ABSOLUTE FREQ FREQ
FREQ (PCT) (PCT.
1
' 	 1.
1
2
1
1
11
1
2
4-
3
3
1
j
2
2
1
1
1
i"
1
: . *18'
4fin

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
...O.2.
0.2
2.4
0.?
0.4
0.9
n .7
0.7
0.2
-.. .... -0.2.
0.4
0.4
a^
0.2
• 0.2
A O
	 U-«-C —
0.2
90.9
1 rt rt ft
	 __| UU • U —
2.4,
2.4...
2.4.
4.8
2.4
2.4
26.2
?. h.
4.3
9.5
7 1
7.1
' 2.4
,4 	
4.8
4.8
o /.
2.4
-2.4
	 2 « .4 	
2-4
MISSING

	 1-00.. 0
CUM
FRFQ
, 
-------
03/21/7S
FILE - INK
- CREATED  Q3/21/7B
CATEGORY LA8FL COOE
o.
.... . 175.
'...-.: -.'son;.
700!.
-V..' 	 , ... 800.
Tooo.
1200.
150 0«
1831.
. ?ooa.
3000.
3500.
4000.
4500.
.'.... . 5000.
'
'
9000.
, 12000.
20000.
, ' 135000.
. ...''_ ...TOTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
409
i
. _ 1
8
1
1
5
i
3
2
S •
1
5
3 •
1
3
•p
1
. i
460
RELATIVE t
FREQ
(PCT)
88.9
	 0.2 	
0.4
0.2
	 ,0.2..—,-.
1.7
0.2
0.7
. 0.2
i .i
0.2
JO-.7
0.4
1 » 1
0.2
'i.i
0.7
0.2
,-0,7
0.4
0.2
0.2
100.0
iOJUSTE
FREQ
(PCT)
88.9
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
1.7
0.2
..1.0.7
0.2
l.'l
0.2-
0.7
0.4
1.1-
0.2
1.1
0.2
0.7
.- -0..4-
0.2
0.2
100..0
D CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
88.9 -
89.6
89.8
.90.0 	
91.7
92.0
92'. 8
93.9
04 . 1
94.8
95.2
96.5 ,
97.6
98.3
98.5
99.1
9Q 6
99.8
100.0
                                    301

-------
    03/21/78
                   fILF. - INK
                                      - CREATED 03/21/78
   Q182.
           ODOR REGS TO HAVE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON P[_A
   CATEGORY  LABEL

   YES
   VALID  CASES
i
   _DJ-S3
                                             RELATIVE' ADJUSTED     CUM
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ x    FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                            .  ....  	45L

                            TOTAL     460


                          MISSING CASES   451
                                                   2.0      100.0     100.0

                                                . , 98.0-   MISSING  ... 100...0-

                                                 100.0      100.0
                                            IMpAT
r
   CATEGORY  LABEL
                            	:	BELATI-VE	ADJUSTED	CUM-
                                   ABSOLUTE    FPEQ      FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
YES 8

.TOTAL
5

460
1.1 100.0

.100.0 100.0
100.0
i f i n . n


   VALID  CASES
                          MISSING CASES   455
1
L
.018,4	SOLID WASTE REGS TO HAVE ECONOMIC IMPACT
   CATEGORY  LABEL
   YES
                                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    ' CUM .
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FRFQ
                             CODE    FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

                             C         59      1?.8      100.0     100.0

                           .  .....      .401      87.2    MISSING    100.0-

                            TOTAL     460     100.0      100.0
   VALID  CASES
                  59
MISSING CASES   401
                                      302

-------
   03/21/7P
                   FILET - INK
                                      - CREATED  03/21/78
 =—0135 __-
           1SHA..J3EGS.-..T.O HA VE_£CnNO.M IC-IMPAC
   CATEGORY LABEL

   YES    ;	"
                              '	••    RELATIVE  ADJUSTED  .  CUM
                                   ABSOLUTE     FREO       FRFQ     FRFQ
                             CODE    FREO       (PCT)      '(PCT)     (PCT)
                                      110       23.9      100.0    100.0

                                                      —MISSING— 100.0._.

                                                         100.0
   VALID CASES
                 110
  TOTAL     460      100.0


MISSING CASES    350
V  Q186
          AIR POLL  CONTROL PEGS TO HAVE IMPACT
CATEGORY LABEL

YES
   VALID CASES
                 46
                                       	      RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                                      ABSOLUTE     FREO       FRF.Q     FRFQ
                                CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)    .(PCT)
                               TOTAL
                                       46

                                      414

                                      460
                      10.0

                      90.0

                    .100.0
MISSING CASES-  414
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
                                                                     100.0

                                                                     IOQ.Q
                      HAVF
                                        n\) PLANT
   CATEGORY LABEL
   VALID CASES
                  67
                            _	 	__.. ....RELATIVE-. AD JUSTED    CUM.
                                 -  ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                F       .67       14.6

                              	 'w    ,.,.393..  	.85.4.

                               TOTAL     460      100.0
                                                         100.0    100.0

                                                       .MISSING   100.0..

                                                         100.0
MISSING CASES    3<53
                                       303

-------
   03/S1/73
        FILE - INK
-CREATED 03/21/78
   Qiaa
SAFE DRINKIMG WATFR ACT TO HAVE  IMPACT
i   CATEGORY LABEL
1
   YES
                                  RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
                        ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ
                  CODE    FREO       (PCT)      
-------
   03/21/78
         FILE - TNK
                                       - CREATED 03/21/78
V--Q-1-89-
-MEW.-CAP- COSTS .JO-MEET.-ALL—REG-,-AR£AS—.
   CATEGORY LABEL
                          ABSOLUTE
                   COnE     FREO
RELATIVE
  FRFQ
  (PCT)
ADJUSTED
  FREQ
  (PCT)
 CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
                                      305

-------
03/P1/78
FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
90000.
100000.
1
; .125000.
!
150000.
pooooo.
250000.
300000.
4.00000.
500000.
i
1 _
6.
TOTAL
f, ^

1
r

1 !'
I
1 0.2 0.9 ..89. a. 	
3 0.7 2.8 91.7
' f 0.2 , 0.9" 92.7 "
1 0.2 0.9 93.6 ...
2 0.4 1.8 95.4
1 0.2 0.9 96.3
1 6.2 0.9 _97.2. — ._
1 0.2 0.9 98.2
1 0.2 0.9 99.1
	 £ 0*2 0.9 10 0.0
351 76.3 MISSING 100.0
1 ^ ,—
460 100.0 100.0





                                 306

-------
    03/21/78
          FILE -  TNK
                                          - CREATED 03/21/78
"I
 v — 04,9.0-
-AWWUAL-.OPER.-COST.S-TO .M££T -4LL-.REG-JiR.E4S.

CATEGORY LAPEL COHE
: ion.
ISO
250.
500.
	 — 	 --' 	 — fono. .
1200.
. 1500 i,
''flon
*
~ 	 •• : ?5oo.
?700.
T o o o
• *
4000i
5000.
fioori
"
ftion.
., ,
7000.
	 '~- 	 ; -•- 	 ' 	 7200.
7500.
P 0 0 0 .

.
	 	 P500.

looon.
1?000.
•-- 	 15000.

ABSOLUTE
1
1
1
*
.. 	 g 	
l"
2
i n

1
1
4

1
6
•5-7

1

2
1
1
3

1

3
2
4
RELATIVE t
FREO
(PCT)
0.2
0,2
0.2
0.9
	 U7 	
0.2
0.4
? 2

0.2
0.2
OQ

0.2
1.3


0.2

0.4
0.2
0.2
0.7

0.2

0.7
0.4
0.9
lOJUSTFO
FREQ
(PCT)
0.9
fl Q
0,9
3.6
... -7.3---.
0.9
1.3
91
..i .. —
0.9
0.9
3gL
• o
0.9
5.5

33.6 •
0.9

1.8
0.9
0.9
2.7

0.9

2.7
1.8
3.6
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
0.9
1 Q
2.7
6.4
13. -6 	
14.5
16.4

25*5 	 	
26.4
27.3

30 .9 	 . ,
31.8
37.3

70.9
71.8

73.6
74.5
75.5
78.2

79.1

81.8
83.6
87.3
                                           307

-------
03/21/7B
FILE -
- CRE&TEO 03/21/78
19000.
19500.
20000.
30000.
37500.
47000.
60000.
65000.
1050,00.
148000.
0.
TOTAL
1
1
3
2
1
' ?
i
i
i
	 i...
350
460
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2 	
76.1 k
100.0
0.9
0..9
2.7
i.a
0.9
1.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9 ...

100«0
88.2 	
89.1
91. 8
93.6 	
94..S
96.4
97.3 	
98.2
99.1
.1.00..Q 	
-100.0

                                   308

-------
03/21/78           FILE - INK
-RM.1.
          -WJ=LI..I£_LEAD--.P.IGMF.NT._
                                     -  CREATED 01/21/78
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO. PLANTS IJSIMG
 VALID CASES
                                          	RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM.
                                    ABSOLUTE    FREQ       F'RFQ     FRFQ
                             CODE     FREO            
-------
03/21/78
FILF - INK
- -CREATED 03/21/78
RM4
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LAREL CODE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING D is
"... , ._44S
TOTAL 460
I
VALID CASES 15 MISSING CASES 445
i
I OM =
f
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COHE FREQ .
NO. PLANTS USING £ ' 5?
•
TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 5-2 MISSING CASES 408

f
V,»_RM6 	 , 	 ZINC YELLOW
~" ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO
| NO. PLANTS USING F 2
..... 458
' TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FPEQ
(PCT)
3.3
96.7
100.0

PCI ATTVF
FREQ
(PCT)
11.3
Rfl ,7

100.0


RELATIVE
FRF.Q
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100,0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING-
100.0


CUM
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
100«-Q 	 ..


_AO lu^TFn n IM
FREQ FPFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0
- s -L 3--
100.0



ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
i no ft




CUM ..
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
10 O.Q.._
VALID  CASES
       MISSING  CASES   4-58 .
                                  310

-------
                      FILE -  INK
                          - CREATED  03/21/78
   CATEGORY  LABEL
                   ...	R£LA±I.VE—A.O JUSIED	C1JM_
                          ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ     FRfQ
                    CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
   NO. PLANTS  USING
                                                    0.7

                                                   qg.3
                                                100.0

                                              MTS.SJJ
                     100.0

                     100.0
                               TOTAL
                             460
 100.0
                                                            100.0
                             MISSING CASES   457
\>	RMS
-MISC MI AG CU PB-OR  BRONZE
   CATEGORY LABEL

   NO. PLANTS USING
                   		,-:     RELATIVE... ADJUSTED	CUM_
                          ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
                   CODE     FREQ       (PCT)     (PCT)     (PcT)
                                H
                             268

                            _L22_
                               TOTAL
                             460
  58.3     100.0

—4i.»7.	MISS INC

 100.0     100.0
                                                                     100.0

                                                                    _LO.a_Q
   VALID CASES
       268
                             MISSING CASES   192
• 	 	 DC1! A TT WC1
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING I 79 17<2
	 • 	 "5 Si ars a

TOTAL 460 100.0
— AOJ.US1ED-
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
M T QC TMr*

100.0
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0

VALID CASES 79 MISSING CASES 381
                                     311

-------
 03/21/78
FILE - IMK
- CREATED 03/21/78
.. RM1Q	 CADMIUM
CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

'. VALID CASES 50
PMJl TWOOMF fSP££M

CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING


I VALID CASES 24

k. RM1 ? CHROMIUM OXtDF
•CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
1
f ' " "
i
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
COnE FREO (PCT)
J 50 10.9
	 	 -^All).. , ._ 89. !,._
TOTAL 460 100.0
MISSING CASES 410

PFLA-T-I-U£
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CODE FREQ 
-------
    03/21/78
FILE -  IMK
                                       - CREATED  03/21/78
 i	BM4-3-
I    CATEGORY LABFL  '
    NO.  PLANTS USING
    VALID CASES
          •  -             —RELATIVE.  ADJUSTED.    CUM .
                 ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FRFQ     FREQ
          CODE     FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                 M
                                TOTAL
                                                     2.0
                    460
100.0
                             MISSING CASES   451
  100.0    100.0

-MISSING	10Q.-Q—

  100.0
        	CADMIUM YELLOW OR  ORANGE
   CATEGORY LABEL
                           RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM_
                 ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FRFQ
          CODE     rREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
|   NO.  PLANTS  USING             A  ;        64      13.9      1QO.O  "lOO.V

   •-— -•		:		    -   •'••-  -.--..  —396  . —-,86.1	MISSING	10Q..Q_
I                         .       .   _'     "~ —™—~    --.—--     --._,„-«
1                                TOT4L     460     100.0      100.0


   VALID  CASES      64      MISSING CASES   396


i


I
S	RM.iq	rMPOMF vc'LLni-ir	


1	--.,,..._.RELATIVE -ADJUSTED—   CUM__
                                       4RSOLUTE    FREQ      FREO     FRFO
   CATEGORY LABEL               COnE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

   NO.  PLANTS~USING""           a"    	"322     "TO'.O      ioo."o    iob"."o"~

j	_	:.	 ,..i;   ; .__i3a	30<§o	.MISSING  .  100.0..

                               TOTAL    460     100.0      100.0
   VALID CASES      322
       MISSING CASES

                  313
                                              138

-------
   03/21/7B
        FILE -
         - CREATED 03/21/78'
   RM16..  ,
CHROME ORANGE
   CATEGORY LABEL

   NO.  PLANTS USING
   VALID CASES
       24
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                         ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FRFQ
                  CODE     FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     
                                                       100.0
                              TOTAL
MISSING CASES   436
24
436
460
5.2
... .94.8
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
   CATEGORY LABEL
                  	RELATIVE—ADJUSTED	 - CUl-
                         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREO     FRFQ
                   COnE    FREQ      JPCT)     (PCT>    (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING o
i
! TOTAL
307

460
66.7
33. T

ioo.o
100.0

100.0
100.0
10". 0


   VALID CASES
      307
MISSING CASES    153
•v	JRHiQ	.-..LEAD
   CATEGORY LAP.EL
   NO. PLANTS USING
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
                   CODE    FREQ      (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                                                                      CUM ______
454
460
1.3
98.7
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0

   VALID CASES
                MISSING CASFS
                 454
                                       314

-------
   03/21/78
                  FILE -  INK
         - CREATED  03/21/78
            .PHLOXJNE_#E0	
!
I   CATEGORY LABEL
!		  ;	_
:   NO. PLANTS USING
                                       	RELATIVE.  ADJUSTED    CUM ..
                                      ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FRFQ
                               CODE     FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
                                         129
                                               28.0
                               100.0
                        100.0
VALID CASES
                   129
>.-_RM20.~  . -. LEAD
                              TOTaL
                                      460
                     100.0
              100.0
MISSING CASES   331
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO.  PLANTS USING
   VALID CASES
                                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM .
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREO    '  FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE    FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                              TOTAL
                          MISSING  CASES   4-57
3
457
460
0.7
.... 99.3
100.0
100.0
MISSING
100.0
100.0
100.0 	 _....

   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS USING
   VALID CASES
                 57
                            ..._ 			_._-RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
                             CODE    FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (P.CT)
  TOTAL


MISSING CASES
                                       57      12.4      100.0     100.0

                                      .403	87.6 ..	MISSING. ..  100.0

                                      460     lOO.O      100.0
403
                                        315

-------
03/21/73
        FILE - INK
                                   - CREATED 03/21/78
RM22
IRON BLUE WITH CYANIDES
| CATEGORY LABEL
t
'. NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES 299
v — RjA?*v ?TM^ no rnPOMT


* *„.* i
[ CATEGORY LABEL
1 NO. PLANTS 'USING ••-•
L. . . ._ ... ... ,.,. ... •

VALID CASES 1
i
V, — RM2.4, 	 . . PHTHALOCYANINE
'"
CATEGORY LA.BEL
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES 343
CODE
I
TOTAL
MISSING
Lj.M_aaoutii-
COOE
J
TOTAL
MISSING

BLUE
CODE
K
TOTAL
MISSING
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
299
161
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
65.0
- 35.0
460 100.0
CASES 161


ABSOLUTE
FREQ
1

460
CASES 459

ABSOLUTE
FREQ
343
117
460
CASES 117

DCI ATTWp
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
QQ ft

100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
74.6
25.4
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
ioo.o


AH ii iCTcrn
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
M T <^QT Ml^

100.0



ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 . 	 -..
	
f*i IM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
IA n f\




CUM 	
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0'
100.0
                                316

-------
 03/21/7R
          FILE  - IN*
                                    -  CREATED 03/21/78
-R.M25-
 CATEGORY LABEL

 MO.  PLANTS USING
                     CODE

                     L



                    TOTAL
           	RELATIVE   ADJUSTED.. .   CUM_
         ABSOLUTE     FREQ       FREQ     FRFO
           FREQ       .(PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
            32?       70.0      100.0    100.0

            -L3S	30.0	MISS ING	10 0* 0_

            460      100.0      100.0
 VALID CASES
        322
MISSING CASES    138
 RM26
... CHROMIUM PIGMENTS
CATEGORY  LABEL
VALID  CASES.
                             __^__.-.-  RELATIVE  ADJUSTED .  _. CUM_
                    .,—	ABSOLUTE    FREO      FREQ      FREQ
                     COOE     FREO      (PCT)     (PCT)     (PCT)
                           -TOTAL
                              460
                            ««M«D4WW«

                            ...460
                    100.0

                    100.0
MISSING

 100.0 .
                                                                  100.0
                          MISSING CASES   A60
 PM77
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO.  PLANTS USING
                    	'__.._	RELATIVE	ADJUSTED	GUM-
                           ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
                     COHE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                     N
                            TOTAL
              1       -0.2      100.0    100.0

            _459	9.9 . 3	MISSING	100.0-

            460      100.0      100.0
 VALID CASES
                  MISSING CASES   459
                                     317

-------
03/21/73
        PILE - INK
         - CREATED 03/21/78
RM28
LEAD PIGMENTS

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LAREL CODE FREQ
I
460
„-.-..; -, TOTAL 46Q


•
VALID CASES o "ISSIMG CASFS 4&o

L PMPQ
i
i
! 	 	 .
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)

100.0
100.0




TQMFD


CJFI ATTVF
! . ABSOLUTE FRFQ
| CATEGORY LABEL . CODE FREQ
NO. PLANTS USING P 204
•
?^A

TOTAL 460
.
•VALID CASES 204 MISSING CASES 256
t
i
i • .
v. RM30 DICHLOROBENZIDENE DlARYLIDE YFLLOW

i
I • ABSOLUTE
i CATEGORY LABEL COOE FREO
I
J
NO. PLANTS USING A 31*
;. . . ..... 142
j TOTAL 460
((PCT)
44 ..3

5=5.7

ioo.o




TONER

RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)


69.1
30.9
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)

MISSING
100.0




...


ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0

MISSING

100.0






ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)


100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
' (PCT)
-...
100.0









f*t !M
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0

inn n







CUM .... ....
FRFQ
(PCT)


100.0 •
100.0. 	

VALID CASES
      318
MISSIMG CASES
142
                                 318

-------
_r
     03/21/78
  FILE  -  INK
                                       - CREATED 03/?l/78
               PYRAZOLOMF—RE-D
i ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COOE FREQ
i NO. PLANTS USING B 55
	 	 	 -. - — - - - . .-...- 	 _ .. 4.QS-

TOTAL 460
RELATIVE.
FRFQ
(PCT)
12.0

100.0
ADJUSTED-
FREQ
• (PCT)
100.0
MISSING

100.0
CUM 	
(PCT)
100.0
100 0


    VALID CASES
55
MISSING  CASES    405
 V -RM32    ,._. MISC RED WITH  ZINCtCR,  OR PB
    CATEGORY LAREL
    NO. PLANTS USING
    VALID CASES
49
                            RELATIVE  ADJUSTED-   CUM...
                  ABSOLUTE    FREQ   •   FREQ  '   FRFQ
           CODE     FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
                                           49
          TOTAL
                                          460
                      10.7     100.0    100.0

                     . 89.3  .  MISSING..-.. 100.0.

                     100.0     100.0
MISSING CASES   4ii
                   YFLLOW WITH ANITTMONY  OP  CHPQMIIJM
    CATEGORY LABEL
 i   VALID CASES
 I		   ....  _	
41
           		-.-RELATIVE-  ADJUSTED-   CUM-
                 ABSOLUTE     FRFQ       FREQ     FRFQ
           CODE    FREQ       '(PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
USING


D
'
TOTAL
41
419

460
8.9
91.1

100. 0
100.0
MISSING

100.0
100.0
100.0


MISSING CASES   419
                                      319

-------
03/21/7H
FILE -
- CREATED OV21/78
CATEGORY LABEL COQE
NO. PLANTS USING E
TOTAL
VALID CASES 18, MISSING
v, DM^C; MJSP VFLLQV/ WITH MICKFL
i
i" '" - '
; CATEGORY LABEL COOE
I
NO. PLANTS USING F
I 	
i
j TOTAL
! VALID CASES 3 wlssiWG
i
t
i
i
C 	 RM3.6 	 MISC CHROMIUM SLUFv
jt
8_ 	 	 	 f 	
*
CATEGORY LABEL COnE
i NO, PLANTS USING G
i TOTAL
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREO (PCT)
18 3.9
......442... . 96.1_._.
460
CASES 442


ABSOLUTE
FREQ
3
&=;?

460
CASES 457

ABSOLUTE
FREO
2
.. 458
460
100.0

ADJUSTED
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING—
100.0


RELATIVE — ADJUSTED -
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)
0,7
QQ.3

100.0


RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.4
99.6
100.0
100.0
-MISS-LbJG 	
100.0



ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 	


CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
}nn.n




CUM 	
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 . ._. _
 VALID  CASES
        MISSING CASES   458
                                 320

-------
 —SM3-7—
                      FILE - INK-
             JAISC.~CADMJJJM.. BLUES	
                                       - CREATED 03/21/78
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS  USING
                                	  	 RELATIVE.  ADJUSTED.   CUM-
                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FRFQ
                                 CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
H ;?

TOTAL 460
0,4
QQ.A

100.0
100.0

100.0
100.0
1 0 0 • 0


   VALID CASES
                             MISSING  CASES   458
1

V-..RM38.. .  .. MISC  COPPER BLACK
:i •
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS USING
                                      •-.-•-..      RELATIVE  ADJUSTED .   CIJM_
                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
                                CODE     FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
   VALID CASES
TOTAL
                                         460
                                                    0.9
                                                  100.0
 100.0     100.0

MISSING	]

 100.0
                             MISSING CASES   456
L
1
L.
             MTcr
   CATEGORY LABEL
                                	RELATIVE-—ADJUSTED -  .GUM-
                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
                                CODE     FREQ       (PCT)     (PCT)     (PCT)
                             ._TOTiL.-
                                          460

                                         -46.Q-.
                   100.0

                  _LO 0 ...Q	
                                                           MISSING   loo.o
   -VALID. CASES	   ...0..
                            .MiSSlAlG -CASES	46A.
                                     321

-------
 03/21/7*
        FILE - INK
         - CREATED D3/21/7R
 RM4Q
MISC ANTIMONY LEAD OR ZINC YELLOW
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO.  PLANTS  USING
wrr i.
CODE
K
. — ..
OTAL
ABSOLUTE
FREQ
41
.....417.
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT?
9.3
90.7
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING ..
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(Pr.T)
100.0
100.0 	

•VALID CASES
       43
MISSING CASES   417
 57M
flNTTMQNY WHITE ^OUFO'J*
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO.'PLANTS USING
                  	RELATIVE	ADJUSTED	GUM-
                         ABSOLUTE     FREQ       FRFQ     FREQ
                  CODE     FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                  TOTAL
                                      460
                      0.2      100.0     100.0

                    __99 .3	M.I SSIN6	1 0 0 »0-

                     100.0      100.0
 VALID CASES
                MISSING  CASES   459
. RM4a__
DICHLOROBENZIDENE  RED  AQ
 CATEGORY LABEL
 NO, PLANTS USING
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                         ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ
                   CODE     FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)
                   M
                            TOTAL
 28

432

460
  6.1

 93.9

100.0
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
                                          CUM
                                         FRFQ
                                         (PCT)

                                        100.0

                                        100.0
 VALID CASES
        28
MISSING CASES    432
                                322

-------
    03/21/70
    FILE - INK
                                       - CREATED -03/21/78
   CATEGORY  LABEL
                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
      ABSOLUTE     FREQ      F~REQ
CODE    FREQ       (PCT)     (PCT)
JSING . N

• TOTAL
90
^70

460
19.6
80.4

100.0
100.0
MT	SM4S-
nff
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS USING  '
   VALID CASES
  88
                              .RELATIVE  ADJUSTED  ..   CUM._
                    ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
              CODE    FREO       (P.CT)     - (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                         2

                       458

                       460
                    0.4    . 100.0'     I'OO.O

                   99.6    MISSING  ..  100.0.

                  100.0     100.0
           MTSSIMG CASES    458
                                    AO
            .,^__-—.--.	,.,.._  .,;.__•.£. EL A TIVE -ADJUSTED-    CUM...
                    ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FREQ
            - COOE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
                              ..--.-. ...-•_^_._ 372 .1.

                               T.OTaL     460
                                 19.1      100.0   ,100.0

                              	SO.9	— MISSING- - 100.0

                                10-0..0      100.0
                             MISSING CASES    372
                                     323

-------
   03/21/7S
        FILE -  INK
         -  CREATED 03/21/78
   RM46
NICKEL OR CADMIUM  YEl LOW  AQ
   CATEGORY LABEL
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                         ABSOLUTE '   FREO      FRED
                   CODE    FREO      (PCT)      __RiU
ORANGE LEAD  ftQ-
i
I   CATEGORY LABEL
I              _«__ ,IT-	 '
*   NO."PLANTS-USING
                  	RELATIVE	ADJUSTED	 CUM-
                         -ABSOLUTE    FREO       FREQ    - FR*EQ
                   COriE'    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                             61       13,. 3      100.0  •  100.0

                           __3.93.	86,. 2	MISSING—1 00 ..0.

                            460   "   100.0      lOOoO :'
   VALID  CASES
        61
MISSING CASES   399
I
V ,.RM48...  ._ . DICLOROBENZIDENE.ORAMGE  AQ
    CATEGORY LABEL
    VALID CASES
                                    RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM .
                          ABSOLUTE    -FREQ      FREO     FRFQ
                   CODE     FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     l-PCT)
                                TOT4L
                               3

                             457
                            mmm^^m
                             460
                MISSING  CASES
                       0.7

                      99.3

                     100.0
  100.0

 MISSING

  100.0
                                                                      100.0

                                                                      100.0
                                  324

-------
    03/31/78


 •.—RMA.9	
                      FILE -  INK
          - CREATED  03/21/78
                                     N.. -AQ_	
    CATEGORY LABFL
    NO.  PLANTS USING
                    RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
          ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FRFO
    CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)
                               TOTAL
              7fl       '7-0

            -382	S3»0-

             460     100.0
   VALID  CASES
                             MISSING  CASES    38?
                                                                        CUM
                                                                       FRFQ
                                                                       (PCT)
                                                             100.0    , 100.0

                                                           -MISSING-— 100.0	

                                                             100.0
 .-: RM50... „_„ CHROMIUM GREEN AQ
   CATEGORY  LABEL
   NO. PLANTS  USING
   VALID CASES
                    RELATIVE   ADJUSTED     CUM
          ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FRFQ      FREQ •
    CODE    FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                8
                               TOTAL
             .458

             460
                                                    ^.4     100.0     100.0

                                                  ,p9.6    MISSING. ..-.loo.o.

                                                  100.0     100.0
                             MISSING CASES   458
>
                     no
1..	:	
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS USING" ~
I	.	

|  • VALID CASES
        ABSOLUTE
  COPE    FREO
__   ..__   _..__


.— .-•-:.;.. -.-••- 369 .,

 TOTAL     460
                      FREQ
                      (PCT)
                                                — 80.£

                                                 1 0 0 . ff.
                                                          'ADJUSTED   ".CUM
                                                             FREQ     FRF.Q
                                                             (PCT)     (-PCT)
                               •100.0

                              MISSING

                              " 100.0
                                                                     100.0
                    91.
MISSING'-CASES    369
                                    325

-------
   03/21/78
   R.M5H
        FILE  -  INK
                                      - CREATED 03/21/78
SILVER BLUE  AO
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS USING
                         ABSOLUTE
                   CODE    FREQ
  1
459
460
                                                RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
   VALID CASES
                  TOTaL

                MISSING CASES   459
 FREO
 (PCT)
  0.2
 99.8
ioo.o
                                                             FREQ
                                                             (PCT)
                              CUM
                             FRFQ
                             (PCT)
                                               100.0     100.0
                                              MISSING   loo.O-
                                               100.0
S -RM54_. ._. READ  LEAD NOW AO


   CATEGORY  LAP.EL
   NO. PLANTS USING


CODE

F

,~ * "
•OTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREQ

T
4=7
	 *T-3 /.
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
(
n.7
go .3
7 ~ • -J
ioo.o
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)

100.0
MISSING

100.0
CUM — _-
FRFQ
(PCT)

100.0
1 n 0 . 0


   VALID  CASES
                MI.SSING CASES    457
   -RMS3-
J3L U E -.SI-L^gS—tj
    CATEGORY LABEL
                                                            \
                   ,	-RELATIVE. .ADJUSTED-    CUM...
                          ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FRFQ     FPFQ
                   CODE     FREQ       (PCT)     (PCT)     (PCT)
   .VALIO CASES
                             460      100.0
         		TOTAl	460, 	aOO.O

         _0	MLSS1NG .CASES—  460..	
                  MISSING
                   100..0.
                                                                      100.0
                                   326

-------
                                       - CREATED 03/21/78
I   CATEGORY LABEL

j   NO. PLANTS USING
                                  --	 RELATIVE  -ADJUSTED     CUM
                                       ABSOLUTE    FPEQ      FREQ      FRFQ
                                CODE     FREQ      (PCT)     (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOT«L
                                                    0.4     100.0    100.0.

                                                 —9-9 . 6. 	_M ISS ING	 100.0-

                                                  100.0     100.0
   VALID CASES
                             MISSING CASES    45a
V—RM56....... _ LEAD  OR  CHROMIUM YELLOW NON AO
   CATEGORY LABEL

   NO. PLAMTS USING
   VALID CASES
                    90
                                                RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM
                                      ABSOLUTE    FREO       FREQ     FRFQ
                                COHE    FREn      (PCT)      
-------
   03/21/73
                     FILE -  INK
         -'CREATEO 03/21/78
             LEAD OR CHROME  ORANGE NON AQ
   CATEGORY LABEL

   NO. PLANTS USING
                                                RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                                      ABSOLUTE    FRFQ .     FREQ     FRFQ
                                coriE     FREQ      

                                J          84      18.3     100.0    100.0

                                        ..376      81.7    MISSING  ..100.0

                               TOTAL  \    460     100.0     100.0
   VALID CASES
                     84
HISSING CASES   376
I  OMC;Q
                                    MOM.-AQ-
                            	RELATIVE-—AD JUSTE-D	-CUM--..
                             ,         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ     FREQ
f   CATEGORY LABEL              CODE    FREQ        ^ (PCT)	
-------
    03/21/7R           FILE -  INK '  •   - CREATED  03/21/78


  —-RM61 _.„	COPPER -.OR ..CYANIOE-.-GRFEN  NON AQ			
    CATEGORY LABEL

    NO. PLANTS  USING
                                 •RELATIVE  ADJUSTED-   CUM..
                       ABSOLUTE     FRFQ      FRFQ      FRFQ
                 CODE    FREQ       (PCT)     (PCT)     (PCT)
                                 ,M  ' '
                                                     31.3     100.0     100.0

                                —-. ,'.^.L.,_::_316	__.. 6fl.z:	.MISSING——100.0.---

                                TOTAL      460      100.0     100.0
    VALID CASES
                              MISSING  CASES   316
 V-...J?M6'2'.._ ... COPPER  OR CYAJMIQE BLUE  MON AQ
    CATEGORY LAPEL

    NO.  PLANTS USING
   VALID CASES
    166
                                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM
                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FRF.Q  "  FRFQ
                CORE     FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)
                                TOTdL .
                          166

                          294

                          460
                    36.1

                    63.9

                   lon.o
 100.0

MISSING

 100.0
                                                                       100.0

                                                                       100.0-
                                      CASES    294
>	RM63-

i'
VF.P BLJJ£-
   CATEGORY  LABEL
   NO. PLANTS
               -HOW—A.O.
   VALID CASES
               -^.— ,.._.	  ..:.:_.. RELATIVE ...ADJUSTED—-^. CUM....
                      ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ      FPEQ
                CODE    FRFQ       (PCT) •     (PCT)     (P.r.T)
 8        •   1        0.2     100.0     100.0

—-.---.- .•:-., . .459	-99.3.	MISSING—..'100.0..

                  100.0     100.0
               TOTAL
                                          460
                             MTSSTNG CASES   459
                                        329

-------
03/21/75?
        FILE -  INK
        - CREATED  01/21/78
RM64
LEAD DRIERS



:

i
/*""""
i

* **
i
•

\
i

aR'SOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING A 140
T?0

TOTAL 460
VALID CASES 140 MISSING CASES 320
RM6S ZTk'f PRj^pc

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL , CODE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING ' B '60
4-O.fl

TOT4L 46H
VALID CASES 60 MISSING CASES 40<


RMoo M15U UKlcKa
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LA8.EL CODE FREO
NO. PLANTS USING C 37 .
423
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
30.4
69.6

100.0


-RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
13.0
R7,P-

100.0
)
. -

RELATIVE
FREO
(PCT)
8.0
92.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FRF.Q
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING

100.0


/
ADJUS-TED -
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING.

iOO.O

••

ADJUSTED.
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM ....
FRFQ .;.
• (PCT)
100.0
1 0 n * n



' \
i
.. CUM
FRFQ
' (PCT) :
100.0
ion0n
t




CUM. 	
F"FQ
(RCT)
100.0
100.0 	

 VALID CASES
        37
MISSING CASES   423.
                                   330

-------
   03/21/73
S.-—RM67L.
       F-ILE  -  INK


XPH.THENAI£_DR.IF.RS-
- CREATED  03/21/78
:	RELATIVE .  ADJUSTED   ' CUM
i       .    ' •                           ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FREO
I   CATEGORY LABEL               CODE     FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

|.  NO. PLANTS USING             o         173      37.6   ~~   100.0     loo-.o

|	.-.: 	-	   :  -	  :	... _:__'_2a.7	-6.2.4	MISSING	...loo.o.

j                     .           TOTAL      460     ioo.o      loo.o
!	;			;	    . •  _ -	 _	._	;	:	.   	;	
i                 ,    ''               •
'•   VALID CASES     173      MISSING  CASES    287



V ..RM68     /  ZINC SOAPS	;	                       -..---..	


i '                   '.":          ^                 - RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM..
:                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREO     FREQ
i  /CATEGORY LABEL               CODE     FREQ  '    (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

:   NO. PLANTS USING         ,    E         2V	   5.2      100.0     10.0.b

                                        ...436    .. 94.8 	  MISSING....  100.0.

                                                   loo.o      10,0.0


   VALID CASES      24.       MISSIMG  "CASES    436             ,   .

;                       •                         .
1         .                 ,     .               -                               -
i                                    "                  '               '      • •



>	RM69	LEA.D.. 50 ASS——-	'.	


  	 		-.--.-.. ..—-.      • 	--.-,, RELATIVE-' ADJUSTED.   CUM
                    ; •                  ABSOLUTE    FREO       FREQ     FRFQ
   CATEGORY LABEL               CpOE     FREQ      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PcT)

                                           460     loo.o     MISSING    100.0

 - 		 --  •.:•"..--TOT.AL - -    460 . 	100...0	/._. -100.0	
 —VALID  CASES
      ,- 0		,-MISS.lAlG-CASES ,	460_.
                                      331

-------
   03/21/7R
        FILE  -  INK
         - CREATED  03/?l/78
   RM70
01 N BUTYL °HTHALATF  PLASTTCI7E&S
;   CATEGORY  LAPEL

•   NO. PLANTS  USING
   VALID  CASES
      129
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
                   CODE     FREQ      (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                            12-9

                            331

                            460
                      28.0

                      72.0

                     lon.o
MISSING CASES   331
 100.0

HISSING

 100.0
  CUM
 FRFQ
 (PCT)

100.0

100.0
>__RM:
:   ., - ....	.._	RELATIVE— ADJUSTED---.,. CUM...
                                      ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FRFQ
!   CATEGORY  LABEL               CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

   NO. PLA.NTS  USING	  ,	H 	 "7.7.26.."    "sTf-	  lOoV'6    foo".~0~

• .,-.._  _	434	94_3..-.__.MISSING	100.0.  .

|                               TOT&L     460      100.0     100.0


   VALID CASES      26      MISSIMG CASES    434







> -RM72,     OIETHYL PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS                              ._


:    '                                 '            RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM

^   CATEGORY  LABEL               coo'E  ^F^^     ^?,      "«,    ^?,

;   NO. PLANTS  USlKlG      .      j .        34        7.4     100.0    100>0

; " '"'         —                   ;	  426       92.6    MISSING   100.0

                               TOTaL     460      100.0     100.0
   VALID CASES
       34
                             MISSING CASES
                                     332

-------
                      FILE.- INK
                          - CREATED 03/21/7B
 ,—RM.Z3-
01 2 . FJIHYL.-H&XYL. ..PH.TfcULA.Xg—glaAS
               	_ ..'.   ..  •_.'.'.-...  .RELATIVE.. . ADJUSTED     CUM. -
                                     .   ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ      FRFQ
   CATEGORY LABEL     x        .cone.    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     

   NO.  PLANTS USING.            J         124      27.0      100.0     100.0

  . 	 		.._-.:	>-..,	:_-	336	73...0	MIS-SXNG	100.0—_

                                TOTAL      460     100.0      100.0


'.   VALID CASES      124      MISSING CASES   336



•v.. . RM.74.....>.  PARAPLEX                                                  		


                                        .          RELATIVE  ADJUSTED*     CUM...-
  .                   i                   ABSOLUTE    FRF.Q       FREO      FREQ
i   CATEGORY LABEL '              CODE     FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                                    /• •

<   NO.  PLANTS USING             K          6n      r'3.o      100.0     100.0  .

;	,...,..     .      ..  ._.      	 4,03	-..87,0	 MISSING...—100.0—

I                                TOTAL      460     100.0      100.0
I    .                 •                        .         -, _	    •  _	  	

   VALID CASES       60      MISSIMG CASES   400
                ••               	      	   	-   _    _  	 _      x  	_.
   ~         "'" "•	" ' '• '  ~" "	         •""    "   ;   '   ,-•-. .. —=•         -••      -

                                                                     i



V PM?g	Q'.'T^L  HFM7YL	PHTHftLATE PL/*STTCIZE°	'

i                                 .  .  .    .-                   .
		 _„-		:—		.	.	:.	 -		—RELATIVE .--ADJUSTED--  ' CUM—
                                        ABSOLUTE    FREO'      FRFQ      FRF.Q
|   CATEGORY LABEL               cone  ,   FREQ       (PCTJ      CPCT)     .. _	 	   	445	96.X	MISSING    100.0.-

                                TOTAL'     460     100.0      100.0
    VALID CASES
        15
MISSING CASES   445
                                       333

-------
03/21/78
        FILE - INK
                                   T- CREATED 03/21/78
RM76
LEAD STABILIZERS
CATEGORY LABEL
t
NO. PLANTS USING
i
VALID CASES
j
S 	 RM7.Z- 	 Z-T-MC— OR.
t
i
i
j,.
,
j CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
\
I
VALID CASES
i
i
I
s, RM7S. _,„_ .LEAD OR
! CATEGORY LABEL
1
s NO. PLANTS USING
; - -
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
M 1
. - - , 459
	 TOTAL 460
RFLATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
99.8
~ loo.o
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING.
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
	 100.0.-
1 MISSING CASES 459
CADMIUM STARTLIZF0*

ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
N 3
457_

TOTAL 460
PPI ATTVF
FREO
(PCT)
0.7
99. 3

100.0
i
i
J
t
n
t
	 !
1
.ADJUSTED 	 CUM_ ..!
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT) • n
100.0
-MISSLNG

100.0
100.0
inn n

..I
' |.
i
i
J'
3 MISSING CASES 457


PHENOL STABILIZER
ABSOLUTE
CODE FREO
A 23
.437
TOTAL 460


RELATIVE
FREQ
'(PCT)
5.0
95.0
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0

	
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
1

; !
--


VALID CASES
       23
MISSING,CASES   437
                                  334

-------
  03/21/78
                      FILE -  INK
- CPE&TED  03/21/7S
,	HH79-
             P-HENQ4	WETXIMG	AGEM.TS-
   CATEGORY LABEL
                                                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM
                                      ABSOLUTE     FREQ   '   FREQ ,  -   FRFQ
                                CODE    FREO       (PCT)       (PCT)     (PCT)
!   NO. PLANTS USING :             e           *        1.7     100.0     100.0

i.	:..  , .:_.,		 '		  	!._    ._.___A52	-98«3	MISSING—.  100..Q ..

|                                TOTAL     460      100.0     100.0


   VALID  CASES   -     R       MISSING CASES   452

i                                                                 '

v	RMSQ.--.  - MISC  WETTING AGENTS	-


                                                 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED   " CUM"..
   .                                    ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
!   CATEGORY LABEL                CODE    FREO       (PCT)      -- .  ,    	__...,.__.._..._:.,.    .-.RELATIVE...ADJUSTED     CUM..
i                                       ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ      FREQ
   CATEGORY LABEL   ,         ;    COHE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

   NO. PLANTS USING \             o           '? -       o".'*.'"'   Voo.o"    106.o~~

         ' —'	 	—•	 :,.-:.... 45S _.-	99..6 -—MISSING ..  1 00 . 0

                                TOTAL     461)      100.0     100.0


   VALID  CASES        2       MISSING CASES
                                  335

-------
    03/2i/7ft
                                                03/21/78
RM82
              =>HENOL AMTI SKIM AGEMTS
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
'. NO. PLANTS USING E
TOTAL
VALID CASES 65 MISSING
^ DMRT M£DrtipY PRESERVATIVES

j CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING,. F
t
i , , TOTAL
VALID CASES 2 MISSING
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREQ
FREQ (PCT)
6s? 14.1
- 395 8S.9
460 100.0
CASES 395
RFLATTVF
ABSOLUTE FRF.Q
FREO (PCT)
2 0.4
- • • . .
460 100.0
CASES 458
ADJUSTED ClI*
FREO FRFO
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0 !
MISSING 100.0 	 n
ioo«o ;
it •
AH fl I
-------
01/21/7S ,
         '  FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
          P.CP .
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. PLANTS USING
                                     RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM
                           ABSOLUTE    FREO       FREQ     FRFQ
                             FREQ       (PCT)'      (PCT)     (PCT)
                     H
                            TOTaL
     8
                              460
   1.7      100.0    100,0

_SS.,3..	-MISSING	100.-0.-

 100.0      100.0
VALID CASES
                  MISSING CASES
       452
RM86
.  .ZINC  PRESERVATIVES
CATEGORY LABEL
                     cone-
                           .TOTAL
                                             RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ
  -FREQ

   460

   .460
,(PCT>

100.0

100.0
  (PCT)

MISSING

 100.0
                      CUM._
                     FREQ
                     (PCT)
                                                                  100.0
VALID CASES
                  M-ISSIMG CASES . 460...
PMH7
          flTHFP
CATEGORY LARFL
                    —n- --		-.-RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM-
                           ABSOLUTE     FREQ       FREQ     FRFQ
                     CODE    FREQ       
-------
OU/21/73
        FILE - INK
- CREATED 03/21/78
RMQS
MAPHTHA BASED RFSTNS
CATEGORY LABEL
                        ABSOLUTE
                  cone    FREP
          RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
            FREO      FREQ  .   FRrQ

            (PCT)     (PCT)    (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING A 36 7.8
424 92.2
• TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 36 , MISSING CASES 424
i . ' - -
\ OMRQ TnLnFME OP -'^THYLPFM^FME SOLURL
« !
i
t "ELAT-I^F
i ' ABSOLUTE FREQ
I CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREQ (PCT)
i NO. PLANTS USING B 83 18.0-
t 377 a?, n

I TOTAL 460 100. .0
1 VALID CASES 83 MISSING CASES 377
*
|
•
V 	 RM90-. 	 TOLUENE, OR ETHYLBENZENE SOLUBLE RESINS
', RELATIVE
j — • • - ABSOLUTE FREO
i CATEGORY LABEL COriE FREO (PCT)
i NO, PLANTS USING c 62 13.5,
398 86.5
1 TOTAL 460 100.0
i
i
100.0 100.0 i
MISSING 100.0 	 -,
100.0 '
i
/ . i
i
ADJUSTED--. CUM 	 :
FRFQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT) j
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0

100.0



ADJUSTED CUM . 	
FREQ FRfQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
' MISSING 100.0 -.-
100.0'
 VALID CASES
        62
                          MISSING CASES   398
                               338

-------
   03/21/7R
         FILF  -  INK-
                                      - CREATED 03/31/78
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS USING
    CODE
                                 „   RELATIVE - ADJUSTED     CUM
                          ABSOLUTE    FPEQ      FREQ     FRFQ
                            FREO      (PCT)     (PCT)     
-------
03/21/7H
        FILE  -  INK
                                   - CREATF.O  03/?l/78
RM94
TOLUFME OR -MAPHTHA  SOLUBLE POLYESTER
CATEGORY  LAPEL
NO.  PLANTS  USING
 VALID CASES
        41
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM
                         ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ "    FRFQ
                   COOE    FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                            TOTAL
            41        8.9

           419       91.1
         «• *«•««••*     ••••«,•••••

          . 460      100.0



        CASES   419
                                               100.0     100.0

                                             MISSING ,.  100.0

                                               100.0
                               _-	RELATIVE--ADJUSTED.-.  CUM.—
                                   •ABSOLUTE    FREQ      F.RFQ      FRFQ
                              COOE    FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
 CATEGORY 'LABEL                                               	

 NO. PLANTV'usiNG' ""'"""^"""""""H^      ~39 "~~.B.5      100.0     100.0.

               _    	;_	42]' .. _^	91.5	MISSING.	100.0

                             TOTAL     460     100.0      100.0


 VALID CASES      39       MISSIMG CASES   421






, RM96     . TOLUENE  SOLUBLE.POLYAMIDE RESTNS                      —-•


                                               RFLATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                                    ARSCLUTE    FREO       FREQ     F^FQ
 CATEGORY LABEL               CODE    FREO           (PCT

 NO. PLANTS USING             i         49       10.7      100.0     100.0

                                       411      89.3  '   MISSINT,    100,0

                             TOTAL     460      100.0      100.0
 VALID  CASES
        49
MISSING CASES   411
                                 340

-------
    03/21/7K
  FILE - INK
                                       - CREATED 03/21/78
   J3W.97 ..	T-OLUENE.-SnLUSL-E-UREA-RES.I-HS—
   CATEGORY LAREL
   NO.  PLANTS USING'
   VALID  CASES
                   .       ---RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM.
                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FREQ
            COriE     FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                TOTAL
            29       6.3

          _4ai.	;	-S3 .7	

           461     100.0
                                         100.0    100.0

                                       MISSING-	100.0.--.

                                         100.0
29
                              MISSIMG CASES   431
S -RM98   .......  NAPHTHA SOLUBLE
              MELAMINE  RESINS
   CATEGORY  LABEL
   NO. PLANTS  USING
                             RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM
                  ABSOLUTE     FREO      FREQ      FREO
            CODE    FREO       (PCT)     (PCT)
.-.-,-     .....417

TOTAL      460
                                9.3

                               90.7

                              100.0
                                                             100.0

                                                            MISSING

                                                             100.0
100.0

100..CL
   VALID  CASES
43
                             MISSING CASES   417
I,
             ..VTM.Y1—rm
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO. PLANTS USING
           -:_.... .,._.....__,. ,__ .-RELATIVE - ADJUSTED-  .  CUM...
                  ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FRFQ
            COOE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                               TOTAL
            91

          ,369.
          • *» *»••<•
          460
                               19.8     100.0     100.0

                             ...80.2	-..MISSING ..  100.0

                              100.0     100.0
   VALID CASES
91
                                      CASES   169
                                       341

-------
   03/21/7P          FILE - TN*      -  CREATED  03/21/78


   RM100     VIMYL CHLORIDE DERIVED
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO.  PLANTS USING
   VALID CASES
11
                           RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                 ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ
           CODE

           A



          TOTAL
                                                                      CUM
                                                                     FREQ
                                                                     (PCT3
           FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)

             if       2.4      100..0 _   100.0

            449     ..  97.6   - MISSING_..  -100.0-

            460     100.0   	,100.,0
MISSING CASES   449
                    OP
   CATEGORY LABEL
                                SnL'-'ql-E PV ALCOHOL
           	RELATIVE— ADJUSTED	CUM_
                 ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREQ     FREO
           COOE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)      (PCT)
   NO. PLANTS USING
           B          2?

          	43S.	

          TOTAL"     460
                       4.R     100.0    100.0

                    _9.5 . 2	MISSI-NG	10 0 . 0_

                     100.0     100.0
   VALID  CASES
22
MISSING  CASES    438
l,_RM102_ _- VINYL CHLORIDE VlNYLIDENE CHLORIDE
    CATEGORY LABEL

    NO.  PLANTS USING
    VALID CASES
                               TOTAL
                       9

                     451

                     460
                              MISSIMG  CASES
                                                RELATIVE   ADJUSTED    CUM
                                      ABSOLUTE     FPEQ       FREQ
                                COliE   'FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)
                       2.0     1,00.0     100.0

                      98.0    MISSING    100.0,

                     100.0     100.0
                                         342

-------
    03/21/79
                       FILE - INK
                                    -  CREATED 0.1/21/78
   .RM 1 03.
CATEGORY LAPEL

NO. PLANTS USING
                                         —  .   RELATIVE   ADJUSTED
                                       ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ
                                 CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)
                                 o
                                TOT4L
                                        90       19.6

                                    	37.n	_. _80..4....

                                      460      100.0
               100.0

             -MISSING-

               100.0
                                 CUM .
                                FRFQ
                                (PCT)


                               100.0


                               100.0 -
    VALID CASES
                  90
                              MISSING CASES   370
   RR104 ..-..TOLUENE 'SOLUBLE
                                     -ACRYLIC SOLUTIONS
             LABFU  .

   NO. PLANTS  USING
                             conE

                             E
                               TOTAL
                                 -V' -
 FREQ

   78

—382

  460
RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
            FREQ
            (PCT)
                                                17.0


                                                83.0
                                              ^^ •»*•«• *

                                              100.0
           100.0

          MISSING

           100.0
   VALID CASES
                     78
                             MISSING CASES    382
                          CUM
                         FR'FQ
                         (PCT)

                        100.0

                        100.0
>—BM4-OS	T.niJtFME  SOLUS|=g-au8agj?.S-
   WTEBOW UIBEU

   NO. PLANTS USING ."
                            COHE

                            F



                           TOTAL
- .--.RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
               FREQ
               (PCT)
                                         .381 .....

                                         460
  -—82.8

    100.0
   VALID CASES
                 79
                                     CASES   38*1
                     100.0

                   MISSING

                     100.0
                     • CUM_-
                     FRFQ
                     (PCT)


                    100.0

                    100.0
                                   343

-------
03/21/78
        FILE: -
                                   - CREATED 03/P1/78
RM106
PHENOLIC   RESIMS
CATEGORY LABEL
                                   RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                         ABSOLUTE    FREO      FREQ     F«FQ
                   CODE     FREO      (-PC TV     (PCT)    (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING
VALID CASES 157
.5
t
• CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING
t
t
VALID CASES 53
(
V _RM105 	 ETHYLBENZENE
j CATEGORY LABEL
NO. PLANTS USING

G 157 34.1
303 65.9
TOTAL 460 100.0
MISSING CASES 303

RFLAT.IVf-
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
CODE FREO (PCT)
H 53 11.5

TOTAL 460 100.0
MISSING CASES 407

OR . . _ , PHENOL SOLUBLE OLc.
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREO
COOE FREO (PCT)
'I 96 .20.9
..364 79.1
TOTAL 460 100.0
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0 	 -
100.0

.ADJUSTED 	 CUM
FREQ FREQ
(PCT) (PCT)'
100.0 100.0
-MISSING lQit<>

100.0


ADJUSTED CUM
FREQ FRFQ
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0 -
100,0

• -

'r '.
- ' T
1
"1
' !

|
J
'


 VALID CASES
        96
MISSING CASES   364
                                  344

-------
    01/21/73
                       FILE - TN*
                                    - CREATED  03/21/78
 ]. ,_J?M109
 !   CATEGORY LABEL
 ;   NO. PLANTS USING

 i
                             •        -  	 RELATIVE  ADJUSTED    CUM
                                    ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FRFQ     FREQ
                             CODE    FREQ       (PCT)      (PCT)    (PCT)
                                TOTAL
                                        7<5

                                      -3as.	

                                       460
                    16.3      lOOoO    100.0

                   -.33. 7 ..-.-MISSING	100.0-

                   lon.o      100.0
VALID CASES
                     75
                                      CASES    385
 S  - RM11Q .    TOLUENE SOLUBLE-MALETC SOLUTIONS
-;—  CATEGORY LABEL

    NO.  PLANTS USING
    VALID CASES
                     44-
 COnF

 K



TOTAL
                                         -   •      RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                                       ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FRFQ
 FREO



.--4L6

  460
(PCT)
                                                                     CUM .
                                                                    FREQ
                                                                    (PCT)
            (PCT)

  9.6      100.0     100.0

 90.4 .  . MISSING  -....1.00,0..

100.0      100.0
                             MISSING CASES   416
>—BM4-U,
          TDl IIFMF
                                    RE5TMS-
CATEGORY LABEL

NO. PLANTS usIMG
                            	^..!-:_._:.,_,_:•__-_ ...RELATIVE...-ADJUSTED.	 CUM,..
                                   .    ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ     FREQ
                                CODE     FREQ      (PCT)      -(PCT)     
-------
03/21/7*
FILE - IN*
                                   -  CREATED 03/21/78
RM11? MISC PtblNb
RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FPEQ
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREO (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING M 62 13.5
398 86.5
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 6? MISSING CASES 398

V, 	 HMl.l-J 	 MbMltlMt 	
RP1 ATTVF .
ABSOLUTE FREQ
CATEGOR-Y—frffBEl. CODE FREQ (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING . ... A 6 1.3
454 9fi 7
' TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 6 MISSING CASES 454


V. 	 RMilA 	 BENZENE TOLUENE MIXTURES
: . RELATIVE
ABSOLUTE FREO
'; CATEGORY LABEL COnE FREO _ (PCT)
NO. PLANTS USING s 3 0.7
457 ' 99.3
TOTAL 460 100.0
VALID CASES 3 MISSING CASES 457

ADJUSTED CUM
FREO FREO
(PCT) (PCT)
100..0 100.0 i
MISSING 100.0 	 	
1 100.0
« s-
3
1
-ADJUSTED ..-CUM 1
FREQ FRP-Q
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
! , •' - '. 1
MISSING- 	 100. a
100.0



ADJUSTED CUM ...
FREO FRc-Q
(PCT) (PCT)
100.0 100.0
MISSING 100.0
too.o

                              346

-------
   03'/21/7R
 FILE -  INK
         - CREATED  03/21/78
V—BM-ILS,—
CATEGORY LABEL CODE
NO. PLANTS USING c
TOTaL
.
VALID CASES - 160 MI^SlMG
ABSOLUTE
FREO
16(1
30 n

460
CASES " 300
y
^ - RM116 ..,.. TOLUENE ETHYLBENZFNE MIXTURES
-
• ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE 'FREO
NO. PLANTS USING D
L •
TOTAL
4
456
460
FPEQ
(PCT>
34.8
6^.2

100.0

RELATIVE
FPEQ
tPCT)
0'.9
99.1
100..0
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISST-NG,.-
100.0

ADJUSTED
FREO
(PCT)
,100.0
MISSING
100.0
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0 ,
100.0



CUM 	
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
1,00.0'. 	 	 .
   VALID CASES
        MISSING CASES

               \
                                             456
              THY
   CATEGORY LABEL  |

   NO. SLANTS USING
           	  	  .	, '.	RELATIVE- ADJUSTED    CUM..
                 ABSOLUTE     FREQ  ;    FREQ    , FREQ-
           COOE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)
                               TOTAL
                      29        6.3     100.0


                    .431- —	. 93.7  ..... MISSING


                     460      100.0     100.0
                                        100.0


                                        100,.0
   VALID CASES
29
MISSING CASES  ' 431
                                  347

-------
03/21/7*
        FILE - IN*
- CREATFO 03/21/7(3
RM11S
ISOPHORONE
ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL COOE FREQ
NO. PLANTS USING . F 30
.. , 	 .430
TOTAL 46n
VALID CASES 30 MISSING CASES 430

ABSOLUTE
CATEGORY LABEL CODE FREQ
NO. PLANTS USING G i
•
TOTAL 460
.VALID CASES 1 MISSING CASES 4=59

•.—RM12.0 	 JCHLOROBENZENE 	 	 .*
CATEGORY LAPEL COOE ^F^EQ^
460
TOTAL 460
RELATIVE
FRFQ
(PCT)
6.5
93. 5
100.0
..._..
RELATIVE-
FREQ
(P.CT)
0.2
39.8

100.0
.


RELATIVE
FPFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
- - -
- . AD JUSTFOT
FREQ
(PCT)
1 00 . 0_.
	 MISSING-

100.0



ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100..0 	 -,

J
—
.." 	 I
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
-.10.0.. 0 	

, i
; - '•


CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100,0

VALID CASES
                          MISSING  CASES
                                348

-------
   03/21/78  ,


>—am 21—
                      FILE -  INK
                  - CREATED  03/21/78
   CATEGORY  LABEL
                            RELATIVE  ADJUSTED
                -  AHSOLUTE    FREO       FREQ-
            COOE     FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)
                                                                         CUM
                                                                        FRFQ
               -•-.-..               :     4fio      ion.o    MISSING    100.0

----- -     ----- ,- .        -.,..      TOTAL  .  ..-46Q ____ 100.0 ..... ........ 100. Q....


..—VALID  CASES _____  , ... .0_ ..... .   MISSING -.CASES ______ 4.6fl _ _ ....... _______________ ; .....






y. -RM122-- - 1-2-OICHLOROETHANF.             ,           ,                 ___


                                 '                RELATIVE  ADJUSTED     CUM
: '  „  -               -"               . ' ABSOLUTE     FREO      FRF.Q      FRFQ
   CATEGORY  LABFL                COOE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

:          . '""                             ^60      100.0    MISSING    100.0

<     •   ,•  '---•-<.               .TOTAL     460      100.0     100.0      ..   ......


: v  V41 Tn  na«?F«;       o



i                    '
1      .              -
I        ,        •
i  - .          ....


L  PMi?3 _ 1 1 It 1


1 ________ ....... ________ .     ...._...,,.,: _______  ...  ,,-.,: ..... — RELATIVE.  ADJUSTED     CUM
\                            '.-•-••  ABSOLUTE     FREQ      FREO      FRFO
   CATEGORY  LABEL                CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)

   NO.  PLANTS USING'             K          41        8.9     100.0     100.0

          ________  ..  ... ; ......... _        ,.41.9.. .:...-. 91.1...  MISSING    100.0

            •                    TOTAL     460  "   100.0     .100.0
    VALID CASES
41
MISSING CASES
                                              419
                                      349

-------
   03/21/78
        FILE - IN*
- CREATED 03/P1/7S
   RM124
I«lt2 TRICHLOROFTMANF
   CATEGORY LABEL
   NO'. PLANTS USING
                  COHE
                               TOTAL
BSOLUTE
FREO
1
. ..459
460
RFLATIVE
(PCT)
0.2
99. S
100.0 '
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING
100.0
CUM
FRFQ
(PCT)
100.0
100.0.

   VALID CASES
               MISSING CASES    459
'   CATEGORY LABEL
                  	RELATIVE—ADJUSTED— -CUM-
                    ;    ABSOLUTE     FRFQ      FRFQ     FRFQ
                  CODE    FREO       (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
                                         460
  -VALID CASES	,.0	M1SS.1MG _CAS£S	46H_
                                    loo.o     MISSING   100.0

                                   .1.0 0 .. 0	lU 0 ..0		
                                      350

-------
                      FILE -
                         - CREATED  03/21/78
  .-RM126
CHLOROFORM
!   CATEGORY LABEL
f
;   NO. PLANTS USING
   VALID  CASES
                   cone
                               TOTflL
                MISSING CASES   459
RSOLUTE
PREO
1
459
460
RELATIVE
FREQ
(PCT)
0.2
99.3
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ

-------
03/21/73
                      FILE - IN*
                                   - CREATED 03/21/78
 .	RM.12<3
   CATEGORY LABEL

t   NO'. PLANTS USING
                                           -.-•RELATIVE   ADJUSTED     CUM
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREO      FREQ      FRFQ
                             CODE    FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PcTJ
                          ,   A         13       2.8      100.0     100.0


                         		442	.	9.7.2—	MISSING.- . 100,0.


                           TOTAL     460     100.0      100.0
   VALID CASES
                 13
MISSING CASES    447
  ..RM130  	THICHLOROETHYLENE




   CATEGORY LABEL

   NO. PLANTS USING


CODE
8 ,

•OTAL

ABSOLUTE
FREO
3?
42B
460
RELATIVE
FREO
((PCT)
7.0
93.0
100.0
ADJUSTED
FREQ
(PCT)
100.0
MISSING .
100.0
CUM 	
FRP-Q
(PCT)
100.0
100.0 	

   VALID CASES
                 32
MISSING CASES
             ETHYLEME  DICMLOpTnE
   CATEGORY LAPEL
                         	  RELATIVE  ADJUSTED.  •  CUM.
                                   ABSOLUTE    FREQ      FREQ     FRrQ
                             CODE    FREO      (PCT)      (PCT)     (PCT)
 —.VALID.,CASES .
                                              100.0    MISSING    100.0


                   			.T.D.TAL-  	460 	 100.0.	   100.0 .._



                  .0	HISSING-CASES	460		_.  . .1
                                        352

-------
RM132
                      FILE  -
              PFRCHLOROETHYLEME
                                    -  CRFATED 03/21/78
                                                  RELATIVE   ADJUSTED     CUM
  t                                      ABSOLUTE    FRFQ       FREQ      FRFQ
  • CATEGORY  LABEL               COHE     FREQ       CPCT>      	8-M.1.33———MAP-HTA	:	—	:	:	:	


|      ....  	 ;..,.  .......'	RELATIVE	ADJUST-EC	  CUM	
;      .                  .                ABSOLUTE    FREQ       FREQ      FRF.P
j   CATEGORY LABFL               COOE   •  FREQ       (PCT)      
-------

-------

-------
                                                                                                                      Special
                                                                                                                      Fourth-Class
                                                                                                                      Rate
                                                                                                                      Book
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Washington DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use 5300

-------