-------
-------
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT
for
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
for the
NONFERROUS METALS FORMING AND METAL POWDERS
POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
:; VOLUME I
Lee M. Thomas
Administrator
Lawrence J. Jensen
Assistant Administrator for Water
William A. Whittington
nff * Director
Office of Water Regulations and Standards .
Devereaux Barnes, Acting Director
industrial Technology Division
P' Hal1' P'E"
Metals Industries Branch
Janet K. Goodwin
Technical Project Officer
j
September 1986
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
'
, D.C. 20460
-------
-------
Ms document is divided into three voltes. Vota* I contains Sections
I through IV. volume II contains Sections V and V!. Volume III contains
Sections VII through XVI.
SECTION I
SECTION II
SECTION III
SECTION IV
SECTION V
SECTION VI
SECTION VII
SECTION VIII
SECTION IX
SECTION X
SECTION XI
SECTION XII
SECTION XIII
SECTION XIV
SECTION XV
SECTION XVI
SUMMARY AND .CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
SELECTION OF: POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
-------
-------
Section
CONTENTS
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Methodology
Technology Basis for Limitations
and Standards
RECOMMENDATIONS
BPT and BAT Mass Limitations
New Source Performance Standards
Pretreatment Standards for Existing
and New Sources
INTRODUCTION
Legal Authority
Data Collection and Utilization
Description of the Nonferrous
Metals Forming Category
Description of Nonferrous Metals
Forming Processes
INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
Evaluation and Selection of
Subcategorization Factors
Production Normalizing Parameter
Selection
Description of Subcategories
WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
Data Sources .
Water Use and Wastewater Characteristics
SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
Rationale for Selection of Pollutant
Parameters
Description of Pollutant Parameters
Pollutant Selection by Subcategory
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
End-of-Pipe Treatment Technologies
Major Technologies
Major Technology Effectiveness
Minor, Technologies
In-Process Pollution Control Techniques
319
385
413
1119
1311
-------
CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
VIII
IX
XI
COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL
Summary of Cost Estimates
Cost Estimation Methodology
Cost Estimates for Individual Treatment
Technologies
Compliance Cost Estimation
Nonwater Quality Aspects
BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
Technical Approach to BPT
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
Magnesium Forming Subcategory
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory
Refractory Metals Forming Subcategory
Titanium Forming Subcategory
Uranium Forming Subcategory
Zinc Forming Subcategory
Zirconium Hafnium Forming Subcategory
Metal Powders Subcategory
Application of Regulation in Permits
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY
ACHIEVABLE
Technical Approach to BAT
BAT Option Selection
Regulated Pollutant Parameters
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
Magnesium Forming Subcategory
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory
Refractory Metals Forming Subcategory
Titanium Forming Subcategory
Uranium Forming Subcategory
Zinc Forming Subcategory
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcategory
Metals Powders Subcategory
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Technical Approach to NSPS
NSPS Option Selection
Regulated Pollutant Parameter
New Source Performance Standards
1461
1553
1757
1915
11
-------
Section
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
CONTENTS (Continued)
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
Introduction of Nonferrous Metals
Forming Wastewater into POTW
pl^in^oi^03011 to Pretreatment
PSES and. PSNS Option Selection
Regulated Pollutant Parameters
Pre treatment Standards
P°LLUTANT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
2013
2187
2189
2191
2211
ill
-------
-------
LIST OF TABLES
III-2
III-3
III-4
IV-1
V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
V-6
V-7
V-8
Title
Metal Types Not Formed on a
?n?^iJ?ale' or for »hi<*
Metal Types Covered Under the
Nonferrous Metals Forming
Category
Years Since Nonferrous Forming
Operations Began at Plant
Nonferrous Metal Production by
Product Formed in 1981
Number of Plants Discharging
Nonferrous Metals Forming
Wastewater, By Subcategory
Number of Samples Per Waste
Stream, By Subcategory
Sample Analysis Laboratories
Nonpriority Pollutants Analyzed
tor During Sampling Effort
Supporting This Regulation
Results of Chemical Analyses of
Sampled Lead and Nickel Extrusion
ContL^P Sofution Heat Treating
Contact Cooling Water
°fTChemical Analyses of
Sampled Lead, Nickel, and
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent
Emulsions Raw Wastewater
Sampling, .Data
Rolling Spent
qo
Soap Solutions
Page
356
357
358
359
411
478
483
484
486
487
488
489
492
-------
Table
V-9
V-10
V-ll
V-12
V-13
V-14
V-15
V-16
V-17
V-18
V-19
V-20
V-21
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Title
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent
Neat Oils
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent
Emulsions
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent
Soap Solutions
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent
Soap Solutions Raw Wastewater
Characteristics
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press
or Solution Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press
Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
Characteristics
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Swaging Spent
Emulsions
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Continuous Strip
Casting Contact Cooling Water
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Continuous Strip
Casting Contact Cooling Water
Raw Wastewater Characteristics
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous
Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water
493
494
495
496
497
498
501
502
503
, 504
506
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous
ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water Raw Wastewater Characteristics
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Casting Con-
tact Cooling Water
507
510
VI
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-22
V-23
V-_24
V-25
V-26
V-27
V-28
V-29
V-30
V-31
V-32
V-33
V-34
V-35 ....
V-36
Title
" -
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Casting
Contact Cooling Water Raw
Wastewater
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Forming Wet
Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Sampling Data
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning
i\.l rlS
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Alkaline Cleaning
Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data y
Magnesium Rolling Spent Emulsions
Magnesium Forging Spent Lubricants
Magnesium Forging Contact Cooling
Water ^
Page
511
514
516
519
520
524
525
526
Cleaning 527
Surface Treatment Spent 529
Magnesium Surface Treatment Spent 530
Baths Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse 535
Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse 535
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
VII
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
V-38
V-39
V-40
V-41
V-42
V-43
V-44
V-45
V-46
V-47
V-48
V-49
V-50
V-51
Title
Magnesium Sawing or Grinding Spent
Emulsions
Magnesium Wet Air Pollution Control
Slowdown
Magnesium Wet Air Pollution Control .
Slowdown Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Neat
Oils
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Emulsions
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Emulsions 554
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling 558
Water
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling 559
Water Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Page
548
549
, 550
552
553
Nickel-Cobalt Tube Reducing Spent
Lubricants
Nickel-Cobalt Tube Reducing Spent
Lubricants Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Neat
Oils
56S
567
570
f'3-
Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Emulsions 571
Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Emulsions 572
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data -~
Nickel-Cobalt .Extrusion Spent
Lubricants ,,
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press and
Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
574
575
vin
-------
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-52
V-5.3
V-54
V-55
V-56
V-57
V-58
V-59
V-60
V-61
V-62
V-63
V-64
,Title Page
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press and 576
Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press 579
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press 580
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Spent 584
Lubricants
:.>,1" -(-..
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact 585
Cooling Water
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact 586
Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Equipment 590
Cleaning Wastewater
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Press 591
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Nickel-Cobalt Forging Press 592
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Metal Powder 595
Production Atomization
Wastewater
Nickel-Cobalt Metal Powder 595
Production Atomization
Wastewater Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Stationary Casting 601
Contact Cooling Water
Nickel-Cobalt Vacuum Melting 602
Steam Condensate
IX
-------
Table
V-65
V-66
V-67
V-68
V-69
V-70
V-71
V-72
V-73
V-74
V-75
V-76
V-77
V-78
V-79
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Title
Nickel-Cobalt Vacuum Melting
Steam Condensate Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Annealing and
Solution Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water
Nickel-Cobalt Annealing and
Solution Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment
Spent Baths
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment
Spent Baths Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment
Rinse
Nickel-Cobalt Surface Treatment
Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Nickel-Cobalt Ammonia Rinse
, Nickel-Cobalt Ammonia Rinse Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobal-t Alkaline Cleaning
Spent Baths
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning
Spent Baths Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning
Rinse
Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning
Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt Rinse
Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt Rinse
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Page
603
606
607
611
612
620
621
635
636
,639
', 'C *""-' '
640
646
647
654
655
x
-------
Table
V-80
V-81
V-82
V-83
V-84
V-85
V-86
V-87
V-88
V-689
V-90
V-91
..,,- >
V-92
V-93
V-94
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
"Title '
Page
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding 661
Spent Emulsions
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding 662
Spent Emulsions Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding 685
Rinse
Nickel-Cobalt Steam Cleaning 686
Condensate
Nickel-Cobalt Hydrostatic Tube 687
, Testing.and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater
Nickel-Cobalt Dye Penetrant Testing 688
Wastewater
Nickel-Cobalt Dye Penetrant Testing 689
Wastewater Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Nickel-Cobalt Wet Air Pollution 691
Control Slowdown
Nickel-Cobalt Wet Air Pollution 692
Control Slowdown Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Nickel-Cobalt Electrocoating Rinse 697
Precious Metals Rolling Spent Neat 698
Oils
<-:'-,--.'
Precious Metals Rolling Spent 699
Emulsions
Precious Metals Rolling Spent 700
Emulsions Raw Wastewater
iSampling Data
Precious Metals Drawing Spent 705
:Neat Oils
Precious Metals Drawing Spent 706
Emulsions -
xi
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
V-96
V-97
V-98
V-99
V-100
V-101
V-102
V-103
V-104
V-105
V-106
V-107'
V-108
Title
Precious Metals Drawing Spent
Emulsions Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Precious Metals Drawing Spent Soap
Solutions
Precious Metals Metal Powder
Production Atomization
Wastewater
Precious Metals Direct Chill Casting
Contact Cooling
Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact
Cooling Water
Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact
Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
precious Metals Stationary Casting
Contact Cooling Water
Precious Metals Semi-Continuous and
Continuous Casting Contact Cooling
Water
Precious Metals Semi-Continuous and
Continuous Casting Contact Cooling
Water Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Precious Metals Heat Treatment Con-
tact Cooling Water
Precious Metals Surface Treatment
Spent Baths
Precious Metals Surface Treatment
Rinse
Precious Metals Surface Treatment
Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning
Spent Baths
Page
707
710
711
712
713
714
111
718
719
723
.724
725
726
732
XII
-------
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-109
V-110
V-lll
V-112
V-113
V-114
V-115
V-116
V-117 s;
V-11B >.
V-119
V-120
V-121
V-122
V-123
Title Page
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning 733
Rinse ,
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning 734
Prebonding Wastewater
Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning 735
Prebonding Wastewater Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Precious Metals Tumbling or 740
Burnishing Wastewater
Precious Metals Tumbling or 741
Burnishing Wastewater Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding 745
Spent Neat Oils
Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding 745
Spent Emulsions
Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding 747
Spent Emulsions Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Precious Metals Pressure Bonding 750
Contact Cooling Water
Precious Metals Pressure Bonding 751
Contact Cooling Water Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Precious Metals Wet Air Pollution 754
Control Slowdown
Refractory Metals Rolling Spent 755
Neat Oils and Graphite-Based
Lubricants
Refractory Metals Rolling Spent 755
Emulsions
Refractory Metals Drawing Spent 757
Lubricants
Refractory Metals Extrusion Spent 758
Lubricants
Xlll
-------
Table
V-124
V-125
V-126
V-127
V-128
V-129
V-130
V-131
V-132
V-133
V-134
V-135
V-136
V-137
V-138
V-139
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Title ' .
Refractory'Metals Extrusion Press
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Refractory Metals Extrusion Press
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Refractory Metals Forging Spent
Lubricants-
Refractory Metals Forging Contact
Cooling Water
Refractory Metals Metal Powder
Production Wastewater
' Refractory Metals Metal Powder
Production Floor Wash Wastewater
Refractory Metals Metal Powder
Pressing Spent Lubricants
. Refractory Metals Surface Treatment
Spent Baths
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment
Spent Baths Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment
Rinse
Paqe
759
760
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
771
Refractory Metals Surface Treatment 772
Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning g?778
'Spent Baths
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning 779
Spent Baths Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning 781
Rinse , '
Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse 782
Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse 783
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
xiv
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-140
V-141
V-142
V-143
V-144
V-145
V-146
V-147
V-148
V-149
V-150 «
V-151 v
V-152 "'
V-153
Title
gage
Refractory Metals Tumbling or 739
Burnishing Wastewater
Refractory Metals Tumbling or 790
Burnishing Wastewater Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding 796
Spent Neat Oils
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding 797
Spent Emulsions
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding 798
Spent Emulsions Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding 800
Contact Cooling Water
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding 801
Contact Cooling Water Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding 805
Rinse
Refractory Metals Dye Penetrant
Testing Wastewater
Refractory Metals Dye Penetrant
Testing Wastewater Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Refractory Metals Equipment Cleaning
Wastewater
Metals Equipment Cleaning
Wastewater Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data y
Refractory Metals Miscellaneous
Wastewater Sources
Refractory Metals Wet Air Pollution
Control Slowdown
806
807
810
811
813
814
xv
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-154
V-155
V-156
V-157
V-158
V-159
V-160
V-161
V-162
V-163
V-164
V-165
V-166
V-167
V-168
V-169
V-170
Title
Refractory Metals Wet Air Pollution
Control Slowdown Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Titanium Rolling Spent Neat Oils
Titanium Rolling Contact Cooling
Water
Titanium Drawing Spent Neat Oils
Titanium Extrusion Spent Neat Oils
Titanium Extrusion Spent Emulsions
Titanium Extrusion Press Hydraulic
Fluid Leakage
Titanium Extrusion Press Hydraulic
Fluid Leakage Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Titanium Forging Spent Lubricants
Titanium Forging Contact Cooling
Water
Titanium Forging Equipment Cleaning
Wastewater
Titanium Forging Press Hydraulic
Fluid Leakage
Titanium Tube Reducing Spent
Lubricants
Titanium Tube Reducing Spent
Lubricants Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Titanium Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Titanium Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Titanium Surface Treatment Spent
Baths
Page
815
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
:829
: '830
'831
832
833
836
xvi
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-171
V-172
V-173
V-174
V-175
V-176
V-177
V-178
V-179
V-180 .,
V-181
V-182
V-183
V-184
V-185
V-186
Page
Titanium Surface Treatment Spent 837
Baths Raw Wastewater Sampling
:Data
Titanium Surface Treatment Rinse 841
Titanium Surface Treatment Rinse 842
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Spent 847
Baths
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Spent 848
jBaths Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse 850
Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse 851
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Titanium Molten Salt Rinse 853
Titanium Tumbling Wastewater 854
Titanium Tumbling Wastewater Raw 855
Wastewater Sampling Data
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Spent 858
Neat Oils
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Spent 859
Emulsions
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Spent 860
Emulsions Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data y
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Contact 865
Cooling Water ,
Titanium Sawing or Grinding Contact 866
Cooling Water .Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Titanium Dye Penetrant Testing 867
Wastewater
xvn
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-187
V-188
V-189
V-190
V-191
V-192
V-193
V-194
V-195
V-196
V-197
V-198
V-199
V-200
V-201
V-202
V-203
Title
Titanium Hydrotesting Wastewater
Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control
Slowdown
Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control
Slowdown Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Uranium Extrusion Spent Lubricants
Uranium Extrusion Tool Contact
Cooling Water
Uranium Forging Spent Lubricants
Uranium Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water
Uranium Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Uranium Surface Treatment Spent
Baths
Uranium Surface Treatment Spent
Baths Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
Uranium Surface Treatment Rinse
Uranium Surface Treatment Rinse
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Spent
Emulsions
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Spent
Emulsions Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Contact
Cooling Water
Uranium Sawing or Grinding Rinse
Uranium Area Cleaning Washwater
Paqe
868
869
870
873
874
875
876
877
884
885
888
,889
,894
895
898
899
900
xvi 11
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Page
V-204
V-205
V-206
V-207
V-208
V-209
V-210
V-211
V-212
V-213
V-214
V-215
f
V-216
V-217
V-218
V-219
V-220
Uranium Area Cleaning Washwater 901
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Uranium Wet Air Pollution Control 908
Slowdown
Uranium Wet Air Pollution Control 909
Slowdown Raw Wastewater Samplina
Data
Uranium Drum Washwater 911
Uranium Drum Washwater Raw 913
Wastewater Sampling Data
Uranium Laundry Washwater 917
Uranium Laundry Washwater Raw 918
Wastewater Sampling Data
Zinc Rolling Spent Neat Oils 921
Zinc Rolling Spent Emulsions 922
Zinc Rolling Contact Cooling 923
Water
Zinc Drawing Spent Emulsions 924
Zinc Direct Chill Casting 925
Contact Cooling Water
Zinc Stationary Casting Contact 926
Codling Water
Zinc Heat Treatment Contact 927
Cooling Water
Zinc Surface Treatment Spent 928
Baths
Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse 929
Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse 930
Raw Wastewater Sampling
Data
XIX
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-221
V-222
V-223
V-224
V-225
V-226
V-227
V-228
V-229
V-230
V-231
V-232
V-233
V-234
V-235
V-236
Title
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Spent
Baths
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Zinc Sawing or Grinding Spent
Emulsions
Zinc Electrocoating Rinse
Zirconium-Hafnium Rolling Spent
Neat Oils
Zirconium-Hafnium Drawing Spent
Lubricants
Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Spent
Lubricants
Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Press
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Press
Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Zirconium-Hafnium Swaging Spent
Neat Oils
Zirconium-Hafnium Tube Reducing
Spent Lubricants
Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water
Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment
Contact Cooling Water Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment
Spent Baths
Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment
Spent Baths Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Page
935
936
937
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
"951
952
955
956
xx
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-237
V-238
V-239
V-240
V-241
V-242
V-243
V-244
V-245
V-246
V-247
V-248
V-249
V-250
V-251
V-252
Title
Surface Treatment 962
^* ^- ccixi j. .nu y o «j
Alkaline Cleaning 954
Zirconium-Hafnium Molten Salt Rinse 965
or Grinding
Binding 967
or Grinding
°r
Zirconium-Hafnium Inspection and
Testing Wastewater
Zirconium-Hafnium Inspection and
969
970
/U
971
Spent 974
Zirconium-Hafnium Degreasing Rinse 975
Zi5o^^r«?fniUm Wet Air Dilution 976
control Slowdown
Metal Powders Metal Powder Production 977
Atomization Wastewater roauction 977
Metal Powders Metal Powder Production 978
Atomization Wastewater Raw 0aUCClon 978
Wastewater Sampling Data
rr7S Tumbling^ Burnishing or 980
Wastewater
xxi
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Page
V-253
V-254
V-255
V-256
V-257
V-258
V-259
V-260
V-261
V-262
V-263
V-264
V-265
V-266
Metal Powders Tumbling, Burnishing or
Cleaning Wastewater Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
Spent Neat Oils
Metal powderstSawing or Grinding
Spent Emulsions
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
Spent Emulsions Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
Contact Cooling Water
Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
Contact Cooling Water Raw
Wastewater Sampling Data
Metal Powders Sizing Spent Neat
Oils
Metal Powders Sizing Spent Emulsions
Metal Powders Steam Treatment Wet
Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Metal Powders Steam Treatment Wet
Air Pollution Control Slowdown
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Metal Powders Oil-Resin
Impregnation Spent Neat Oils
Metal Powders Hot Pressing Contact
Cooling Water
Metal Powders Hot Pressing Contact
Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
Sampling Data
Metal Powders Mixing Wet Air
Pollution Control Slowdown
982
987
988
989
993
994
995
996
997
T998
1001
1002
1003
1004
xxii
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-267
V-268
V-269
V-270
V-271
V-272
V-273
V-274
V-275
' .': iil'li .
V-276 ::
V-2,77 )
V-278
'* "
' j .
V-279
V-280
V-281
V-282
Title
Metal Powders Mixing Wet Air
Pollution Control Slowdown
Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant A
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant B
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant D
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant E
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant F
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant I
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant J
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant M'
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant Q
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data -? Plant R
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant S
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant T
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant U
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant V
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant W
Page
1005
1006
1009
1013
1017
1025
1032
1038
1041
1051
1060
1062
1064
1065
1072
1080
xxm
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
V-283
V-284
V-285
VI-1
VI-2
VI-3
VI-4
VI-5
VI-6
VI-7
Title
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant X
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant Y
Wastewater Treatment Performance
Data - Plant Z
List of 129 Priority Pollutants
Analytical Quantification and
Treatment Effectiveness Values
Priority Pollutant Disposition
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
Magnesium Forming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
Precious Metals Forming
Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
Refractory Metals Forming
Subcategory
Page
1084
1089
1094
1245
1251
1255
1259
1263
1273
1280
Priority Pollutant Disposition
V1~a Titanium yForming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~y Uranium Forming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~1U Zinc Forming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~J"L Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~12 Metal Powders Subcategory
xxiv
1287
0.294
1298
1302
1306
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
VI I-1
VII-2
VII-3
VI1-4
VII-5
VIII-6
VII-7
VII-8
VII-9
VII-10
VII-11
VII-12
VII-13
VIInl4
VII-15
VII-16
VII-17
Title
pH Control Effect on Metals
Removal
Effectiveness of Sodium Hydroxide
tor Metals Removal
Effectiveness of Lime arid Sodium
Hydroxide for Metals Removal
Theoretical Solubilities of
Hydroxides and Sulfide of
Selected Metals in Pure Water
Sampling Data Prom Sulfide
Precipitation-Sedimentation
Systems
Sulfide Precipitation-Sedimentation
Performance
Perrite Co-Precipitation Performance
Concentration of Total Cyanide
Multimedia Filter Performance
Performance of Selected Settlinq
Systems y
Skimming Performance
Selected Partition Coefficients
Trace Organic Removal by Skimming
Combined Metals Data Effluent
Values
Page
1400
1400
1401
1401
1402
1403
1404
1404
1405
1405
1406
1407
1408
1408
L & S Performance Additional
Pollutants
Combined Metals Data Set -
Untreated Wastewater
Maximum Pollutant Level in
Untreated Wastewater Additional
Pollutants
1409
1409
1410
XXV
-------
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table
VII-18
VII-19
VII-20
VII-21
VII-22
VII-23
VII-24
VII-25
VII-26
VII-27
VII-28
VII-29
VII-30
vin-i
VIH-2
VIH-3
Title
Precipitation-Settling-Filtration
(LS&F) Performance Plant A
Precipitation-Settling-Filtration
(LS&F) Performance Plant B
Precipitation-Settling-Filtration
(LS&F) Performance Plant C
Summary of Treatment Effectiveness
Summary of Treatment Effectiveness
for Selected Nonconventional
Pollutants
Treatability Rating of Priority
Pollutants
Classes of Organic Compounds
Adsorbed on Carbon
Activated Carbon Performance
(Mercury)
Ion Exchange Performance
Membrane Filtration System
Effluent
Peat Adsorption Performance
Ultrafiltration Performance
Chemical Emulsion Breaking
Efficiencies
BPT Costs of Compliance for
the Nonferrdus Metals
Forming Category
BAT Costs of Compliance for the
Nonferrous Metals Forming
Category
PSES Costs of Compliance for the
Nonferrous Metals Forming
Category
Page
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
'1417
1418
1418
1419
j
1419
1420
1421
1508
1509
1510
xxvi
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
VIII-4
VIII-5
VIII-6
VIII-7
VI'II-8
VIII-9
VIII-10
VIII-11
VIII-12
VI11-13
VIII-14
VII1-15
VHI-16
IX-1
IX-2
Title
Nonferrous Metals Forming Category
Cost Equations for Recommended
Treatment and Control Technologies
Components of Total Capital
Investment
Components of Total Annualized
Investment .'.'.
Wastewater Sampling Frequency
Pollutant Parameter Important to
Treatment System Design
Sludge to Influent/Flow Ratios
Key to Cost Curves and Equations
Cost Equations Used in Cost Curve
Method ;
Number of Plants for Which Costs
Were Scaled ;From Similar Plants
Flow Reduction Recycle Ratio and
Association Cost Assumptions
Segregation .Cost Basis
Nonferrous Metals Forming Solid
Waste Generation ;
Nonferrous Metals Forming Enerqv
Consumption ,
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Forming Subcategory
'Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Magnesium Forming
Subcategory -
Page
1511
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1528
1529
1530
1626
1627
.xxvii :
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Title
Pac
1628
IX-4
IX-5
IX-6
IX-7
IX-8
IX-9
IX-10
IX-11
IX-12
IX-13
IX-14
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Nickel-Cobalt
Forming Subcategory
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Precious Metals
Forming Subcategory
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Refractory Metals
Forming Subcategory
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Titanium Forming
Subcategory
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Uranium Forming
Subcategory
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Zinc Forming
Subcategory
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Zirconium-Hafnium
Forming Subcategory
Potential Preliminary Treatment
Requirements Metal Powders
Subcategory
BPT Regulatory Flows for Production:. 1639
Operations - Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Forming Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 1641
BPT Effluent Limitations
BPT Regulatory Flows for- Production 1648
Operations - Magnesium Forming
Subcategory
1630
1631
1633
1635
1636
1637
1638
Magnesium Forming Subcategory BPT
Effluent Limitations
1649
XXVlll
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Page
IX-15
IX-16
IX-17
IX-18
IX-19
IX-20
IX-21
IX-22
IX-23
IX-24
IX-25
IX-26
IX-27
IX-28
BPT Regulatory Flows for Production 1653
Operations - Nickel-Cobalt
Forming Subcategory
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory 1656
BPT Effluent Limitations
BPT Regulatory Flows for Production 1670
Operations - Precious Metals
Forming Subcategory
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory 1672
BPT Effluent Limitations
BPT Regulatory Flows for Production 1682
Operations - Refractory Metals
Forming Subcategory
Refractory Metals Forming Subcate- 1684
gory BPT Effluent Limitations
BPT Regulatory Flows for Production 1701
Operations - Titanium Forming
Subcategory
Titanium Forming Subcategory BPT 1703
Effluent Limitations
BPT Regulatory Flows 'for Production 1715
Operations - Uranium Forming
Uranium Forming Subcategory BPT 1717
Effluent Limitations
.BPT Regulatory Flows for Production 1724
Operations - Zinc Forming
Subcategory
Zinc Forming Subcategory BPT 1725
Effluent Limitations
BPT Regulatory Flows for Production 1731
Operations - Zirconium-Hafnium
Forming Subcategory
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate- 1733
gory BPT Effluent Limitations
xxix
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Pac
IX-2 9
IX-30
IX-31
IX-32
IX-33
BPT Regulatory Flbws for Production 1741
Operations - Metal Powders
Subcategory
Metal Powders Subcategory BPT 1742
Effluent Limitations
Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1748
Refractory Metals Forming Plant X
in Example 1 (Nickel)
Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1749
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Plant Y
in Example 2 (Total Suspended
Solids)
Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1751
Nickel-Cobalt and Titanium Forming
Plant Z in Example 3 (Nickel) ,
IX-34
X-l
X-2
X-3
X-4
X-5
Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1753
Nickel-Cobalt and Titanium Forming
Plant Z in Example 3 (Cyanide)
Capital and Annual Cost Estimates 1794
for BAT (PSES) Total Subcategory ;
Capital and Annual Cost Estimates 1795
for BAT Direct Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals .Forming Pollutant 1796
Reduction.Benefit Estimates Lead-
Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
Total Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1797
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Magnesium Forming Subcategory
Total Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1798
Reduction Benefit Estimates ';.;
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory
Total Subcategory
XXX
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Page
X-6
X-7
X-8
X-9
X-10
X-ll
X-12
X-13
X-14
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1799
Reduction Benefit Estimates Precious
Metals Forming Subcategory Total
Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1800
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Refractory Metals Forming
Subcategory Total Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1801
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Titanium Forming Subcategory Total
Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1802
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Uranium Forming Subcategory Total
Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1803
Reduction Benefit Estimates Zinc
Forming Subcategory Total
Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1804
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Subcategory Total Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1805
Reduction Benefit Estimates Metal
Powders Subcategory Total
Subcategory
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1806
Reduction Benefit Estimates Lead-
Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
Direct Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1807
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Magnesium Forming Subcategory
Direct Dischargers
xxxi
-------
LIST OF,TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
X-15
X-16
X-17
X-18
X-19
X-20
X-21
X-22
X-23
X-24
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1808
Reduction Benefit Estimates Nickel-
Cobalt Forming Subcategory Direct
Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1809
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory
Direct Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1810
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Refractory Metals Forming
Subcategory Direct Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1811
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Titanium Forming Subcategory
Direct Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1812
Reduction Benefit Estimates Uranium
Forming Subcategory Direct
Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant
Reduction Benefit Estimates Zinc
Forming Subcategory
1813
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1814
Reduction Estimates Zirconium-
Hafnium Forming Direct Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 1815
Reduction Estimates Metal Powders
Subcategory Direct Dischargers
Options Selected as the Technology 1816
Basis for BAT
BAT Regulatory Flows for the Produc- 1817
tion Operations - Lead-Tin-Bismuth
Forming Subcategory
xxxn
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Pa<
X-25
X-26
X-27
X-28
X-29
X-30
X-31
X-32
X-33
X-34
X-35
X-36
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 1819
BAT Effluent Limitations
BAT Regulatory Flows for the Produc- 1824
tion Operations - Magnesium Forming
Subcategory
Magnesium Forming Subcategory BAT
Effluent Limitations
1825
BAT Regulatory Flows for the Produc- 1829
tion Operations - Nickel-Cobalt
Forming Subcategory
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory 1832
BAT Effluent Limitations
BAT Regulatory Flows for the 1845
Production Operations - Precious
Metal Forming Subcategory
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory 1847
BAT Effluent Limitations
BAT Regulatory Flows for the 1856
Production Operations - Refractory
Metals Forming Subcategory
Refractory Metals Forming Subcate- 1858
gory BAT Effluent Limitations
BAT Regulatory Flows for the 1869
Production Operations -
Titanium Forming Subcategory
Titanium Forming Subcategory BAT 1871
Effluent Limitations
BAT:Regulatory Flows for the 1882
Production Operations - Uranium
Forming Subcategory
XXXlll
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Paqe
X-37
X-38
X-39
X-40
X-41
X-42
X-43
XI-1
XI-2
XI-3
XI-4
XI-5
XI-6
XI-7
Uranium Forming Subcategory BAT
Effluent Limitations
BAT Regulatory Flows for the
Production Operations - Zinc
Forming Subcategory
Zinc Forming Subcategory BAT
Effluent Limitations
BAT Regulatory Flows for the
Production Operations -
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Subcategory
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Subcategory BAT Effluent
Limitations
BAT Regulatory Flows for the
Production Operations - Metal
Powders Subcategory
Metal Powders Subcategory BAT
Effluent Limitations
Options Selected as the Bases
for NSPS
1884
1889
1890
1896
1898
1906
1907
1919
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 1920
New Source Performance Standards
Magnesium Forming Subcategory New 1927
Source Performance Standards
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory 1931
New Source Performance Standards
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory 1946
New Source Performance Standards
Refractory Metals Forming Subcate- 1956
gory New Source Performance Standards
Titanium Forming Subcategory New
Source Performance Standards
1973
xxxiv
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
XI-8
XI-9
XI-10
XI-11
XII-1
XII-2
XII-3
XII-4
XII-5
XII-6
XII-7
Uranium Forming Subcategory New
Source Performance Standards
Zinc Forming Subcategory New
Source Performance Standards
1986
1993
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate- 1999
gory New Source Performance Standards
Metal Powders Subcategory New Source 2006
Performance Standards
POTW Removals of the Toxic Pollu- 2019
tants Found in Nonferrous Metals
Forming Wastewater
Pollutant Removal Percentages for 2021
BAT or PSES Model Technology By
Subcategory
Option Selected as the Model 2022
Technology Basis for PSES and
PSNS
Capital and Annual Cost Estimates 2023
for PSES Options Indirect
Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2025
Reduction Benefit Estimates Lead-
Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
Indirect Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2026
Reduction Benefit Estimates Magnesium
Forming Subcategory Indirect
Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2027
Reduction Benefit Estimates Nickel-
Cobalt Forming Subcategory Indirect
Dischargers
xxxv
-------
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
XII-8
XII-9
XII-10
XII-11
XII-12
XII-13
XII-14
XII-15
XII-16
XII-17
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2028
Reduction Benefit Estimates Precious
Metals Forming Subcategory Indirect
Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2029
Reduction Benefit Estimates Refractory
Metals Forming Subcategory Indirect
Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2030
Reduction Benefit Estimates Titanium
Forming Subcategory Indirect
Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2031
Reduction Benefit Estimates
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcategory
Indirect Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant 2032
Reduction Benefit Estimates Metal
Powders Subcategory Indirect
Dischargers
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 2033
Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
Magnesium Forming Subcategory 2038
Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory 2042
Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory 2055
Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
Refractory Metals Forming Subcate- 2064
gory Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
xxxvi
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Paqe
XII-18
XII-19
XII-20
XII-21
XII-22
Titanium Forming Subcategory
Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
Uranium Forming Subcategory
Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
2075
2085
Zinc Forming Subcategory Pretreat- 2091
ment Standards for Existing Sources
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate-
gory Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources
2097
Metal Powders Subcategory Pretreat- 2105
ment Standards for Existing Sources
XII-23
XII-24
XII-25
XII-26
XII-27
XII-28
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 2110
Pretreatment Standards for
New Sources
Magnesium Forming Subcategory 2115
Pretreatment Standards for New
Sources
Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory 2119
Pretreatment Standards for
New Sources
Precious Metals Forming Subcategory 2132
Pretreatment Standards for
New Sources
Refractory Metals Forming Subcate- 2141
gory Pretreatment Standards for
New Sources
Titanium Forming Subcategory 2152
Pretreatment Standards for
New Sources
xxxvii
-------
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Page
XII-29
XII-30
XII-31
XII-32
Uranium Forming Subcategory 2162
Pretreatment Standards for
New Sources
Zinc Forming Subcategory Pretreat- 2168
ment Standards for New Sources
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate- 2174
gory Pretreatment Standards for New
Sources
Metal Powders Subcategory Pretreat- 2182
ment Standards for New Sources
XXXVlll
-------
LIST OP FIGURES
Figure
III-l
III-2
III-3
III-4
III-5
III-6
III-7
III-8
III-9
111-10
III-ll
111-12
111-13
111-14
111-15
111-16
111-17
111-18
111-19
111-20
111-21
111-22
111-23
111-24
Title Page
Geographical Distribution of Nonferrous 360
Forming Plants
Sequence of Nonferrous Metals Forming 361
Operations
Common Rolling Mill Configurations 362
Reversing Hot Strip Mill 363
4-High Cold Rolling Mill 364
Tube Drawing 365
Hydraulic Draw Bench 366
Direct Extrusion 367
Extrusion Press 368
Extrusion Tooling and Setup 369
Forging 370
Ring Rolling 371
Impacting 372
Some Clad Configurations 373
Atomization 374
Powder Metallurgy Die Compaction 375
Direct Chill Casting 376
Direct Chill (D.C.) Casting Unit 377
Continuous Sheet Casting 378
Continuous Strip Casting ; 379
Shot Casting 380
Roller Hearth Annealing Furnace 381
Bulk Pickling Tank 382
Continuous Pickling Line 383
xxxix
-------
Figure
111-25
V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
V-6
V-7
V-8
V-9
V-10
V-ll
V-12
V-l 3
V-l 4
V-l 5
V-16
V-17
V-18
V-19
V-20
V-21
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Title
Vapor Degreaser
Wastewater Sources at Plant A
Wastewater Sources at Plant B
Wastewater Sources at Plant C
Wastewater Sources at Plant D
Wastewater Sources at Plant E
Wastewater Sources at Plant F
Wastewater Sources at Plant G
Wastewater Sources at Plant I
Wastewater Sources at Plant J
Wastewater Sources at Plant K
Wastewater Sources at Plant L
Wastewater Sources at Plant M
Wastewater Sources at Plant N
Wastewater Sources at Plant O
Wastewater Sources at Plant P
Was.tewater Sources at Plant Q
Wastewater Sources at Plant R
Wastewater Sources at Plant S
Wastewater Sources at Plant T
Wastewater Sources at Plant V
Wastewater Sources at Plant Z
Page
384
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
xl
-------
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure
VII-1
VII-2
VII-3
VII-4
VII-5
VII-6
VII-7
VII-8
VII-9
VII-10
VII-11
VII-12
VII-13
VII-14
VII-15
VII-16
VII-17
VII-18
Title Page
Comparative Solubilities of Metal 1422
Hydroxides and Sulfide as a
Function of pH
Lead Solubility in Three Alkalies 1423
Effluent Zinc Concentrations vs. 1424
Minimum Effluent pH
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1425
Effectiveness - Cadmium
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1426
Effectiveness - Chromium
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1427
Effectiveness - Copper
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1428
Effectiveness - Lead '
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1429
Effectiveness - Nickel and Aluminum
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1430
Effectiveness - Zinc :.''>-
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1431
Effectiveness - Iron
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1432
Effectiveness - Manganese
Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation 1433
Effectiveness - TSS
Hexavalent Chromium Reduction with 1434
Sulfur Dioxide
Granular Bed Filtration 1435
Pressure Filtration 1436
Representative Types of Sedimentation 1437
Activated Carbon Adsorption Column 1438
Centrifugation 1439
xli
-------
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure
VII-19
VII-20
VII-21
VII-22
VII-23
VII-24
VII-25
VII-26
VII-27
VII-28
VII-29
VII-30
VII-31
VII-32
VII-33
VII-34
VII-35
VII-36
VII-37
VII-38
Title
Treatment of Cyanide Waste by Alkaline
Chlorination
Typical Ozone Plant for Waste Treatment
UV/Ozonation
Types of Evaporation Equipment
Dissolved Air Flotation
Gravity Thickening
Ion Exchange with Regeneration
Simplified Reverse Osmosis Schematic .
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Configurations
Sludge Drying Bed
Simplified Ultraf iltration Flow
Schematic
Vacuum Filtration
Flow Diagram for Emulsion Breaking with
Chemicals
Filter Configurations
Gravity Oil/Water Separator
Flow Diagram for a Batch Treatment
Ultraf iltration System
Flow Diagram of Activated Carbon
Adsorption with Regeneration
Flow Diagram for Recycling with a
Coolint Tower
Countercurrent Rinsing (Tanks)
Effect of Added Rinse Stages on Water
Page
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
Use
xlii
-------
LIST OF FIGURES ( Continued)
Figure '
VIII-1
VIII-2
VIII-3
VII1-4'
VIII-5
VIII-6
VIII-7
viii-8
, ' , '- " - 3
VIII-9
VIII-10
VIII-11
'VIII-12
VIII-13
VIII-14
VIII-15
VIII-16
VIII-17
General Logic Diagram of Computer
Cost Model .
' ,
Logic Diagram of Module Design
Procedure "
Logic Diagram of the Cost
.Estimation Routine
Capital Cost of a Spray Rinsing
'.System
Page
1531
1532
1533
1534
Capital and Annual Costs of Aerated 1535
Rectangular Fiberglass Tanks
Capital,and Annual Costs of Centri- 1536
fugal Pumps
Capital and Annual Costs of Cooling 1537
Towers ,and Holding Tank
Capital and Annual Costs of Holding 1538
Tanks and Recycle Piping
Capital and Annual Costs of 1539
Equalization . . ' .
Capital and Annual Costs of Cyanide 1540
Precipitation
Capital and Annual Costs of Chromium 1541
Reduction
Capital Costs of Iron Coprecipitation 1542
Annual Costs; of iron Copre.cipitation 1543
Capital and Annual Costs of Chemical 1544
Emulsion Breaking *
Capital and Annual Costs of Ammonia 1545
Steam Stripping
Capital'and Annual Costs of Chemical 1546
Precipitation
Capital Costs for Carbon Steel Vacuum 1547
Filters
xliii
-------
Figure
VIII-18
VIII-19
VIII-20
VIII-21
XI-1
X-l
X-2
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Title Page
Capital Costs for Stainless Steel 1548
Vacuum Filters
Annual Costs for Vacuum Filters 1549
Capital and Annual Costs for Multi- 1550
media and Cartridge Filtration
Annual Costs for Contract Hauling 1551
BPT Treatment Train for the Non- 1755
ferrous Metals Forming Category
BAT Option 1 and 2 Treatment Train 1912
for the Nonferrous Metals Forming
Category
BAT Option 3 Treatment Train for 1913
the Nonferrous Metals Forming
Category
xliv
-------
.SECTION I
i , i
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the nonferrous
metals forming and metal powders category pursuant to Sections
301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of the Clean Water Act. For conve-
nience, this category is referred to as the nonferrous metals
forming category in this document. The promulgated regulation
contains effluent limitations for best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT), and best available technol-
ogy economically achievable (BAT), as well as pretreatment
standards for new and existing sources (PSNS and PSES), and new
source performance standards (NSPS).
This development document highlights the technical aspects of
EPA's study of the nonferrous metals forming category. This
document and the Administrative Record provide the technical
basis for promulgating the;effluent limitations guidelines and
pretreatment standards. ;
The Agency's economic analysis of the regulation is set forth in
a separate document entitled Economic Analysis of Effluent
Limitations and Standards for the Nonferrous Metals Forming and
Metal Powders Point Source Category. That document is available
from the Office of Analysis and Evaluation, Economic Analysis
Staff, WH-586, USEPA, Washington, D.C., 20460.
METHODOLOGY '
To develop the effluent limitations guidelines and standards
presented in this document, the Agency characterized the category
by subdividing it, collecting raw and treated wastewater samples,
and examining water usage and discharge rates, and production
processes. To gather data about the category, EPA developed a
data collection portfolio (dcp) or questionnaire to collect
information regarding plant size, age and production, the
production processes used, the quantity of process wastewater
used and discharged, wastewater treatment in place, and disposal
practices. The dcps were sent to 377 firms known or believed to
perform nonferrous metals forming. The responses were reviewed,
and it was determined that 334 plants performed nonferrous metals
forming.
As a next step, EPA conducted a sampling and analytical program
to characterize the raw (untreated) and treated process waste-
water. This program was carried out in two stages. Screen
sampling was performed at 16 facilities, each representing the
forming of a particular nonferrous metal or group of metals.
Samples were collected from wastewater sources associated with
the major manufacturing processes in this category, i.e., forming
by rolling, drawing, extruding, forging, and cladding opera-
tions, as well as associated processes, including cleaning,
-------
etching, solution heat treatment, and annealing, among others.
Each of the samples .was analyzed to determine the presence or
absence, and ;if present, the concentration, of 128 of the ' 129
toxic priority pollutants, plus conventional and selected noncon-
ventional pollutants. The toxic pollutant TCDD was not analyzed
for because an analytical standard for TCDD was judged to be too
hazardous to be made generally available. , After proposal,
wastewater sampling was conducted at nine facilities. A discus-
sion of the sampling and analysis methods, and procedures is
presented in Section V. .
The Agency examined -the metals formed and the manufacturing
processes reported in the dcps for each nonferrous metals forming
operation. This information, combined with the wastewater
characterization data obtained from sampling visits and reported
by the nonferrous metals forming plants, became the principle
bases for subcategorizing this category. Based on this
information, EPA determined that the most appropriate approach to
subcategorizing this category is by the metals formed. A discus-
sion of the subcategorization scheme is presented in Section IV.
For this rulemaking, the nonferrous metals forming point source
category has been divided into 10 subcategories based on the
differences in wastewater quantity and quality related to metal
type formed. The 10 subcategories are.:
1. Lead-Tin-Bismuth. Forming,
2. Magnesium Forming,
3. Nickel-Cobalt Forming,
4. Precious Metals Forming,
5. Refractory Metals Forming,
6. Titanium Forming,
7. Uranium Forming, ,
8. Zinc Forming,
9. Zirconium-Hafnium Forming, and
10. Metal Powders. , .
Each subcategory is further subdivided into major sources of
wastewater for specific limitation within the regulation. Other
sources of wastewater hot directly related to; metal forming, such
as stormwater runoff or sanitary water, generally were not
considered for specific limitation by the regulation. The Agency
believes wastewater"sources of this type are site-specific, and
they are best handled on a case-by-case basis. Each wastewater
source identified for this rulemaking, with the exception of
uranium laundry wash water, was production^normalized. That is,
each waste stream was characterized by the volume of wastewater
discharged per unit of production. Uranium laundry wash water
was characterized by the volume of wastewater discharged per
employee per day. The limitations at BPT, BAT, NSPS, PSES, and
PSNS are based on the effluent flow and< the treatment effective-
ness.
-------
There are 158 plants identified in the nonferrous metals forming
point source category discharging an estimated 5.14 billion
liters per year (1.36 billion gallons per year) of process
wastewater. Untreated, this process wastewater contains
approximately 393,000 kilograms (866,000 pounds) of priority
pollutants, and 1.53 million kilograms (3.37 million pounds) of
conventional and nonconventional pollutants. The pollutants
present in the highest concentrations and selected for
consideration for each subcategory are presented in Section VI.
EPA studied the characteristics of the untreated wastewater in
each subcategory for the purpose of selecting in-plant control
and end-of-pipe treatment options. The Agency also studied
various :end-of-pipe technologies to treat the pollutants present
in the identified process wastewaters, including:
- Chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and
settle),
Chemical emulsion breaking,
- Oil skimming,
- Ammonia steam stripping, v
- Cyanide oxidation or precipitation,
Chromium reduction, e
- Multimedia filtration, and
- Ion exchange.
'**--: r .
EPA also studied various types of in-plant qpntf.ols reported in
the dcps and observed during sampling. The, i;n-plant controls
studied included: - -or -
' i"" ?[;
Reuse of process wastewater .-, , .,,-
- Recycle of contact cooling water and^air;^pollution
control scrubber liquor, and ^L-;.-,^ \ ..
Countercurrent cascade rinsing.
' - r - / - - t
Engineering model costs were estimated for each, of the treatment
options considered for the category on a plint-by-plant basis.
These costs were then used by the Agency to^e^timate the impact
of implementing the various options on the industry. For each
subcategory for each control and treatment option, ;; the number of
potential closures, number of employees affected,, and impact on
price were estimated. These results are reported in. the Economic
Impact Assessment. , -;. >»-;^w v ...-.
The Agency then reviewed each of the treatment;., opt ions for each
subcategory to determine the estimated mass of pollutant removed
by the application/of each treatment technology. The amount of
pollutant removal after the application of the treatment technol-
ogy is referred to as the benefit. The methodology used to
calculate the pollutant removal estimates is presented in Section
X.
-------
TECHNOLOGY BASIS FOR LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
BPT
_ general, the BPT level represents the average of the best
existing performances of plants of various ages, sizes, processes
or other common characteristics. Where existing performance is
uniformly inadequate BPT may be transferred from a different
subcategory or category. In balancing costs in relation to
effluent reduction benefits, EPA considers the volume and nature
of discharges expected after application of BPT the general
environmental effects of the pollutants, cost and economic impact
of the required pollution control level.
After examining the various treatment technologies, the Agency
has identified BPT to represent the average of the best existing
technology. EPA is promulgating mass limitations based on model
end-of-pipe treatment which consists of oil skimming, lime
precipitation and sedimentation technology. Chemical emulsion
breaking, chromium reduction, cyanide removal, iron co-
precipitation, and ammonia steam stripping are included in the
model technology as preliminary treatments when necessary.
BAT
The BAT technology level represents the best economically
achievable performance of plants of various ages, sizes,
processes or other shared characteristics. As with BPT, where
existing performance is uniformly inadequate, BAT may be
transferred from a different subcategory or category. BAT may
include feasible process changes or internal controls, even when
not common industry practice.
In developing BAT, EPA has given substantial weight to the
reasonableness of costs. The Agency considered the volume and
nature of discharges, the volume and nature of discharges
expected after application of BAT, the general environmental
effects of the pollutants and the costs and economic impacts of
the required pollution control levels. Despite this
consideration of costs, the primary determinant of BAT is still
effluent reduction capability.
The _ direct dischargers are expected to move directly to
compliance with BAT limitations from existing treatment because
the flow reduction used to meet BAT limitations would allow the
use of smaller and less expensive lime and settle equipment
than would be used to meet BPT limitations without flow
reduction.
To meet the BAT effluent limitations based on this technology,
the nonferrous metals forming point source category is estimated
to incur a capital cost of $603,000 (1982 dollars) and a total
annual cost of $202,000 (1982 dollars) above the costs required
-------
for BPT. The Agency predicts no additional plant or line
closures as a result of these costs. If the average compliance
cost incurred by the plants in the industry were passed on to
consumers, price increases would range from 0.1 to 1.9 percent;
about the same as the BPT increases. Thus the Agency has
determined that BAT is. economically achievable.
NSPS
Best demonstrated technology, which is the technical basis of
NSPS, is lime, settle, and filter with in-process controls to
reduce wastewater flows for all subcategories except lead-tin-
bismuth forming, titanium forming, zirconium-hafnium forming, and
metal powders. EPA is . promulgating NSPS for the lead-tin-
bismuth forming, titanium forming, zirconiumhafnium forming,
and metal powders subcategories on the basis of lime and settle
with in-process controls to reduce wastewater flows. The
subcategories which have more stringent requirements for new
sources than for existing sources are magnesium forming, and
metal powders. In, selecting best demonstrated technology, EPA
recognizes ,that new plants have the opportunity to implement the
best and most efficient manufacturing processes and control and
treatment technology.
Since NSPS is based on the same model technology as BAT for all
but two subcategories, the Agency does not believe that NSPS will
constitute a barrier to entry for new sources, prevent major
modifications to existing sources or produce other adverse
economic effects. The NSPS promulgated for the metal powder
subcategory incorporates in-process control, technologies that
will reduce the overall cost of treatment from the cost existing
sources will incure. NSPS promulgated for the magnesium forming
category included the addition of a polishing filter to the end-
of-pipe treatment. The Agency does not believe this will cause a
barrier to entry for new sources because a new source has the
opportunity to design the plant with flow reduction technologies
included in the design and thus will not have costs associated
with retrofitting in-process or treatment equipment into the new
facility. ;
PSES i':. :
PSES (pretreatment standards for existing sources) are designed
to prevent the discharge of pollutants which pass through,
interfere with or are otherwise incompatible with the operation
of POTW. Pretreatment standards are technology-based and
analogous to the best available technology for-removal of toxic
pollutants. EPA is promulgating PSES based on the application of
technology equivalent to BAT with the exception of the refractory
metals forming, uranium forming,, and zinc forming subcategories.
For the refractory metals forming subcategory, the Agency
selected PSES based on .lime precipitation and sedimentation
technology, in conjunction with the in-process control
technologies. The uranium forming and zinc forming subcategories
are excluded from PSES.
-------
To meet the pretreatment standards for existing sources, the
nonferrous metals forming point source category is estimated to
incur a capital cost of $7.5 million (1982 dollars) and an annual
cost of $4 million (1982 dollars). The Agency has excluded the
zinc forming subcategory on the basis of economic impact, the
Agency estimates that PSES could cause the closure of the larger
of the two indirect dischargers in this subcategory. Aside from
the zinc forming subcategory the Agency estimates there may be
two titanium forming plant closures affecting 56 employees.,
Total production loss would be less than one percent. Thus, the
Agency has determined that PSES is economically achievable.
PSNS
Like PSES, PSNS (pretreatment standards for new sources) are
established to prevent the discharge of pollutants which pass-
through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with the
operation of the POTW. New indirect dischargers, like new direct
dischargers, have the opportunity to incorporate the best
available demonstrated technologies including process changes,
in-plant controls and end-of-pipe treatment technologies, and to
use plant site selection to ensure adequate treatment system
installation.
This regulation establishes mass-based PSNS for the nonferrous
forming category. The treatment technology basis for the PSNS
being promulgated is identical to the treatment technology set
forth as the basis for the NSPS being promulgated. The Agency is
promulgating PSNS for the uranium forming and zinc subcategories.
-------
SECTION II
'RECOMMENDATIONS
1. EPA has,divided the nonferrous metals forming category into
ten subcategories for the purpose of effluent , limitations and
standards. These subcategories are:
Lead-Tin-Bismuth .Forming '
- Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt Forming ,,
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
- Titanium Forming
- Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming .' ' , ., . , ::
- Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
- Metal' Powders :
2. BPT is being promulgated based on the model treatment
technology of flow equalization,, oil skimming, and chemical
precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle) technology, and
where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical emulsion
breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation. Iron
coprecipitation is included in,this model treatment technology
for removal of the pollutant molybdenum from wastewaters in the
refractory metals and uranium forming subcategories. The
following BPT effluent limitations are being promulgated for
existing sources:
3. BAT is being promulgated based on the model treatment
technology of flow equalization, oil skimming, chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration (lime, settle, and
filter) technology, and in-process flow reduction control
methods, and where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical
emulsion breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation
for the nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, uranium, and zinc
forming subcategories. Iron coprecipitation is included in this
model treatment technology for removal of the pollutant
molybdenum from wastewaters in the refractory metals and uranium
forming subcategories. BAT is being promulgated based on the
model treatment technology of flow equalization, oil skimming,
chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle)
technology, and in-process flow reduction control methods, and
where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical emulsion
breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation for the
lead-tin-bismuth, 'magnesium, precious metals, titanium, and
zirconium-hafnium forming subcategories. BAT is being
promulgated based on the model treatment technology of flow
equalization, oil skimming, and chemical precipitation and
sedimentation (lime and settle) technology, and where
appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical emulsion breaking,
-------
chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation for the metal
powders subcategory. The following BAT effluent limitations are
being promulgated for existing sources:
8
-------
SUBPART A: BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.068
0.010
0.468
0.960
0.030
0.005
0.281
0.457
PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.125
0.019
0.860
1.80
0.055
0.009
0.520
0.840
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
-------
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.076
0.011
0.526
1.08
0.034
0.005
0.316
0.513
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - BPT
Pollutant or .,
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.022
0.003
0.149
0.306
0.010
0.002
0.090
0.146
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
10
-------
(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
4.14
0.605
28.80
59,10
range of 7.5
1.850
0.288
17.30
28.10
to 10.0 at all times
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.158
0.023
1.10
2.26
0.071
0.011
0.660
1.07
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
11
-------
(h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
Oil S Grease
TSS
0.003
0.0004
0.020
0.041
0.001
0.0002
0.012
0.020
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.085
0.013
0.588
1.21
pH
0.038
0.006
0.353
0.574
Within-the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
12
-------
(j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.107
0.016
Q.746
1.53
0.048
0.008
0.448
0.728
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
1.69
6.247
11.8
24.1
0.753
0.118
7.06
11.5
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
13
-------
(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.345
0.051
2.40
4.92
0.154
0.024
1.44
2.34
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse -BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
6.78
0.991
47.2
96.8
3.02
0.472
28.4
46.0
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
14
-------
(n) Swaging Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
.pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
,"Maximum for
mpnthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/millibn off-lbs) of' lead-tin-rbismuth
swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.005
0.0008
0.036
0.073
0.002
0:0004
0*022
0.035
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at,,all -times
(o) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT ';
There shall : be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. ' ' ; , . ;": ; :'','-"' '.'"'' '</;.
15
-------
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
0.067
0.010
0.030
0.005
(b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
0.124
0.018
0.055
0.009
16
-------
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony;
Lead
0.080
0.011
0.034
0.005
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - BAT
Pollutajft or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-teg- (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn, wi,th soap solutions
Antimony,
Lead
0.022
0.003
0.010
0.002
17
-------
(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
0.414
0.061
0.185
0.030
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Antimony
Lead
0.158
0.023
0.071
0.011
18
-------
(h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
:Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
0.003
0.0004
0.001
0.0002
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
.Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony
Lead
0.009
0.001
0.004
0.0006
19
-------
(j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
0.107
0.016
0.048
0.008
(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Blowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
Antimony
Lead
0.169
0.025
0.076
0.012
20
-------
(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
0.345
0.051
0.154
0.024
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
0.678
0.099
0.302
0.047
21
-------
(n) Swaging Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
0.005
0.0008
0.002
0.0004
(o) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SDBPART B: BPT and BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE MAGNESIUM
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.033
0.109
9.95
4.440
1.49
3.06
the range of 7.5
0.014
0.046
4.37
1.97
0.895
1.46
to 10.0 at all times
(b) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
22
-------
(c) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
. 1.27
4.22
385
172
57.8
'119
range of 7.5
forged magnesium
0.520
1.77
170
76.3
34.7
56.4
cooled
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc :-; *
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oils Grease
TSS
pH
0.018
0.059
5.32
2.38
0.798
1.64
0.007
0.025
2.34
1.06
0.479
0.778
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
23
-------
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium cast with direct
chill methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
1.74
5.77
527
235
79.0
162
range of 7.5
0.711
2.41
232
105
47.4
77.1
to 10.0 at all times
(f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.205
0.681
62.1
27.8
9.32
19.1
0.084
0.285
27.3
12.3
5.59
9.09
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
24
-------
(g) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
8.32
27.6
2520
1130
378
775
range of 7.5
magnesium surface
3.4
11.5
1110
499
227
369
to 10.0 at all times
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed or
ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.009
0.029
2.60
1.16
0.390
0.800
0.004
0.012
1.15
0.515
0.234
0.381
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
25
-------
(i) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.273
0.904
82.5
36.9
12.4
25.4
0.112
0.378
36.3
16.4
7.43
12.1
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
26
-------
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for
pollutant property any one day
mg/off-kg
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of
0.033
0.109
9.95
4.44
Maximum for
monthly average
magnesium rolled with
0.014
0.046
4.37
1.97
(b) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. .-.'.,'
27
-------
(c) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.127
0.422
38.5
17.2
0.052
0.177
17.0
7.63
(d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly averge
mg/6ff-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.002
0.006
0.532
0.238
0.0007
0.003
0.234
0.106
28
-------
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly averge
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium cast with direct
chill methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
1.74
5.77
527
235
0.711
2.41
232
105
(f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.205
0.681
62.1
27.8
0.084
0.285
27.3
12.3
(g) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.832
2.76
252
113
0.340
1.16
111
49.9
29
-------
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed or
ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.009
0.029
2.60
1.16
0.004
0.012
1.15
0.515
(i) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant propetty
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.273
0.904
82.5
36.9
0.112
0.378
36.3
16.4
30
-------
SUBPART C: BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE NICKEL-COBALT
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.075
0.327
10.1
3.4
6.97
0.031
0.216
4.49
2.04
3.32
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with_ water . . .
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
1.66
7.24
225
75.4
155
0.679
4.79
99.6
45.3
73.5
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
31
-------
(d) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricant - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.042
0.183
5.68
1.91
3.91
0.017
0.121
2.52
1.15
1.86
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
32
-------
(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
Within the
0.037
0.160
4.95
1.67
3.41
range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.015
0.106
2.20
0.999
1.63
at all times
(i) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for,
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.102
0.446
13.8
4.64
9.51
range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.042
0.295
6.13
2.79
4.53
at all times
(j) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.018
0.077
2.38
0.800
1.640
0.007
0.051
1.06
0.480
0.780
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
33
-------
(k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
Within the
0.209
0.910
28.2
9.48
19.5
range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.086
0.602
12.5
5.69 ;
9.25
at all times
(1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.083
0.359
11.2
3.74
7.67
range of 7.5
0.034
0.238
4.94
2.25
3.65
to 10.0 at all times
(m) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT "
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
34
-------
(n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt cast with
stationary casting methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
5.33
23.3
720
242
496
2.18
15.4
320
145
236
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o) Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - BPT
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant" property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt metal
powder atomized
Chromium
Nickel;,.,
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.16
5.03
156
52.4
108
0.472
3.33
69.2
31.5
51.1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
35
-------
(q) Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
Water - BPT
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.357
1.56
48.2
16.2
33.2
pH
0.146
1.03
21.4
9.72
15.:8
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
36
-------
(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.412
1.80
55.7
18.7
38.4
0.169
1.19
24.7
11.2
18.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated -.
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
10.4
45.3
1410
472
968
4.25
30.0
623
283
460
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
37
-------
(u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
Within the
0.015
0.065
2.02
0.678
1.39
range of 7.5
0.006
0.043
0.895
0.407
0.661
to 10.0 at all times
(v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.03
4.48
139
46.6
95.6
0.420
2.96
61.5
28.0
45.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
38
-------
(w) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly .average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
3.72
16.2
502
169
346
1.52
10.7
223
101
165
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(x) Ammonia Rinse - BPT
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.007
0.029
0.881
0.296
0.607
0.003
0.019
0.391
0.178
0.289
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
39
-------
(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.018
0.076
2.35
0.788
1.62
0.007
0.050
1.04
0.473
0.769
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(z) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.797
3.48
108
36.2
74.2
0.326
2.30
47.8
21.7
35.3
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to"10.0 at all times
40
-------
(aa) Steam Cleaning Condehsate - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.013
0.058
1.79
0.602
1.24
0.006
0.039
0.795
0.361
0.587
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater - BPT
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
41
-------
(ad) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested
with dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.094
0.409
12.7
4.26
8.74
0.039
0.271
5.63
2.56
4.16
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
42
-------
(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
electrocoated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs)
1.48
6.47
201
67.4
138
pH Within the range of 7.5
of nickel-cobalt
0.607
4.28
89.0
40.5
65.7
to 10.0 at all times
(af) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BPT
Pollutant
pollutant
mg/off-kg
formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
or Maximum for Maximum for
property any one day monthly average
( Ib/million off-lbs )
; 0.108
0.473
14.7
Oil & Grease 4.92
TSS
PH
10.1
Within the range of 7.5
of nickel-cobalt
0.044
0.313
6.50
2.95
4.80
to 10.0 at all times
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
43
-------
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.063
0.094
10.1
0.026
0.063
4.49
44
-------
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.028
0.042
4.49
0.011
0.028
1.99
(d) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.036
0.053
5.68
0.015
0.036
2.52
45
-------
(g) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat-treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.031
0.046
4.95
0.013
0.031
2.20
46
-------
(i) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.086
0.128
13.8
0.035
0.086
6.13
(j) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.002
0.002
0.238
0.0006
0.002
0.106
47
-------
(k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt cooled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.018
0.026
2.82
0.007
0.018
1.25
(1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for"
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged;
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.069
0.103
11.2
0.028
0.069
4.94
(m) Forging Spent L'ubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wa,stpwater
pollutants. :
48
-------
(n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt cast with
stationary casting methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.448
0.666
72.0
0.182
0.448
32.0
(o) Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - BAT h
There shall be no allowance for the 'discharge of
wastewater pollutants. '
(p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewa%er - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Max'i&um for
mo n t ftly : a v e r a g e
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt-metal
powder atomized , ;* -'
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.970
1.44
156
"0.^93
^0.370
(q) Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
Water - BAT "^''
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
wastewater pollutants. '""'
49
-------
(r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.300
0.446
48.2
0.122
0.300
21.4
(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.346
0.514
55.7
0.141
0.346
24.7
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.873
1.30
141
0.354
0.873
62.3
50
-------
(u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.013
0.019
2.02
0.005
0.013
0.895
(v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned .
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.086
0.128
13.9
0.035
0.086
6.15
(w) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.312
0.464
50.2
0.127
0.312
22.3
51
-------
(x) Ammonia Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.006
0.008
0.881
0.002
0.006
0.391
52
-------
(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.015
0.022
2.35
0.006
0.015
1.04
(z) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.067
0.100
10.8
0.027
0.067
4.78
53
-------
(aa) Steam Cleaning Condensate - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.011
0.017
1.79
0.005
0.011
0.795
(ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater - BAT
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of.
process wastewater pollutants.
(ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(ad) Dye Pentrant Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested with
dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.079
0.117
12.7
0.032
0.079
5.63
54
-------
(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
electrocoated
of
nickel-cobalt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
1.25
1.86
201
0.506
1.25
89.0
(af) .Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.091
0.136
14.7
0.037
0.091
6.50
SUBPART D: BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRECIOUS
METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
55
-------
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.026
0.147
0.023
0.032
1.54
3.16
0.012
0.077
0.010
0.013
0.925
1.51
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.016
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.950
1.95
pH
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
0.570
0.926
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
56
-------
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
with soap
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
(Ib/million
solutions
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
Within the
off-lbs) of
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.001
0.063
0.128
range of 7.5
precious metals drawn
0.0005
0.003
0.0004
0.0006
0.038
0.061
to 10.0 at all times
(f) Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder
wet atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
2.27
12.7
1.94
2.70
134
274
1.00
6.70
0.802
-1.1-4
80.2
130
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at-all times
57
-------
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
metals heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
1.42
7.93
1.21
1.71
83.4
171
range of 7.5
extruded precious
0.626
4.17
0.501
0.709
50.1
81.3
to 10.0 at all times
(h) Semi-Continuous or Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
3.50
1.55
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
19.6
2.99
4.23
206
423
range of 7.5
10.3
1.24
1.75
124
201
to 10.0 at all times
(i) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
58
-------
(j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
off-lbs) of
precious metals
cast
by the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
3.67
20.5
3.13
4.43
216
443
range of 7.5
1.62
10.8
1.30
1.84
130
211
to 10.0 at all
times
(k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast
shot
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.
6
1
1
73
151
25
98
07
51
4
0.551
3.67
0.441
0.624
44.1
71.6
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
59
-------
(1) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and
base metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.029
0.159
0.024
0.034
1.67
3.43
range of 7.5
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
1.00
1.63
to 10.0 at all times
(n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or .
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.033
0.183
0.028
0.040
1.93
3.95
0.015
0.097
0.012
0.017
1.16
1.88
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
60
-------
(o) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
2.10
11.7
1.79
2.53
123
253
0.924
6.16
0.739
05
1
73.9
120
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.021
0.114
0.018
0.025
1.20
2.46
0.009
0;060
0.007
0.010
0;720
1.170
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
61
-------
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
3.81
21.3
3.25
4.59
224
459
range of 7.5
precious metals
1.68
11.2
1.35
1.91
135
219
to 10.0 at all times
(r) Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned prior to bonding
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
3.95
22.1
3.37
4.76
232
476
1.74
11.6
1.39
1.97
139
226
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
62
-------
(s) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one clay
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
4.12
23.0
3.51
4.96
242
496
1.82
12.1
1.45
2.06
145
236
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT .
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.032
0.178
0.027
0.039
1.87
3.83
0.014
0.094
0.011
0.016
1.12
1.82
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
63
-------
(v) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
64
-------
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals rolled
with emulsions
Cadmium
Coppe r
Cyanide
Silver
0.026
0.147
0.023
0.032
0.012
0.077
0.010
0.013
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.016
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with soap solutions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.002
0.0005
0.003
0.0004
0.0006
65
-------
(f) Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder
wet atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
2.27
12.7
1.94
2.74
1.00
6.68
0.802
1.14
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Gold
0.142
0.793
0.121
0.171
0.063
0.417
0.050
0.071
(h) Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.350
1.96
0.299
0.423
0.155
1.03
0.124
0.175
66
-------
(i) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.3676
2.05
0.313
0.443
0.162
1.08
0.130
0.184
(k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ibmillion off-lbs) of precious metals shot
cast
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.125
0.698
0.107
0.151
0.055
01367
0.044
0.063
(1) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
, , 't \
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
67
-------
(m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.0297
0.159
0.0247
0.0342
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
(n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.033
0.183
0.028
0.040
0.015
0.097
0.012
0.017
(o) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.210
1.17
0.179
0.253
0.093
0.616
0.074
0.105
68
-------
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.021
0.114
0.018
0.025
0.009
0.060
0.007
0.010
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.381
2.13
0.325
0.459
.0.168
vl.12
0.135
0.191
69
-------
(r) Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned prior to bonding
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.400
2.210
0.337
0.476
0.174
1.16
0.139
0.197
(s) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.412
2.300
0.351
0.496
0.182
1.21
0.145
0.206
70
-------
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge pf process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.0327
0.178
0.0277
0.0381
0.014
0.094
OiOll
.0.016
(v) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART E: BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE REFRACTORY
METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
71
-------
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of refractory metals rolled
with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.815
0.824
25.5
2.84
8.58
17.6
pH
0.429
0.545
11.3
1.47
5.15
8.37
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion'Spent' Lubricants - BPT
There shall" be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
72
-------
(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
2.26
2.29
70.8
7.87
23.8
48.8
range of 7.5
refractory metals
1.19
1.51
31.4
4.07
14.3
23.2
to 10.0 at all times
(f) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.614
0.620
19.2
2.14
6.46
13.3
0.323
0.410
8.53
1.11
3.88
6.30
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
73
-------
(h) Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million bff-lbs) of refractory metals
formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
2.59
2.61
80.9
8.99
27.2
55.8
1.36
1.73
35.9
4.65
16.3
26.5
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or ;
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0-.534 0.281
0.540 0.357
16,70 7.42
1.86 0.961
:-; 5.62 3.37
rj. '*'r 11.5 5.48
Within1'the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j) Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. *
74
-------
(k) Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/6ff-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.739
0.747
23.2
2.57
7.78
16.0
0.389
0.494
10.3
1.33
4.68
7.59
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals surface
treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
230
233
7200
800
2420
4960
121
154
3200
414
1450
2360
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
75
-------
(n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals alkaline
cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.635
0.641
19.9
2.21
6.68
13.7
0.334
0.424
8.82
1.14
4.01
6.52
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day.
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum ! ; '
Oil & Grease ';
TSS
off-lbs) of refractory metals alkaline
1550
1570
48600
5400
16300
33500
816
1040
21600
2790
9790
15900
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
76
-------
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals treated
with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
12.1
12.2
377
41.9
127
260
6.33
8.04
167
21.7
76.0
124
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly, average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals tumbled
or burnished
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
23.8
24.0
744
82.7
250
513
12.5
15.9
330
42.8
150
244
Within the range,of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
77
-------
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.565
0.570
17.7
1.97
5.94
12.2
range of 7.5
refractory metals
0.297
0.377
7.84
1.02
3.57
5.79
sawed
to 10.0 at all times
(t) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or ...
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
46.2
46.7
1450
161
486
997
24.3
30.9
642
83.1
292
474
Within"the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
78
-------
(u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant, or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.257
0.259
8.03
0.893
2.70
5.54
0.135
0.172
3.57
0.462
1.62
2.63
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(v) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory met a. Is sawed
ground, surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
1.50
1.51
46.8
5.20
15.8
32.3
0.787
1.00
20.8
2.69
9.45
15.4
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
79
-------
(w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.656
0.663
20.6
2.28
6.9
14.2
0.345
0.438
9.11
1.18
4.14
6.73
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or"
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
.Maximufti for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant methods
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.150
0.150
4.62
0.513
1.60
3.20
0.078
0.099
2.05
0.266
0.93J.
1.52"
pH
Within;-the range of 7.5 to 10.. 0 at all'times
(y) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT -, .
There \shall'- be no discharge of process wastewater:
pollutants.
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
80
-------
pollutants,
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals rolled
with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.549
0.236
25.5
2.16
0.262
0.159
11.3
0.957
(c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - BAT
T,here shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BAT
., .Tfhere shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
81
-------
(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.5
0.655
71.0
5.99
0.730
0.441
31.4
2.66
(f) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory metals
cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.041
0.018
1.92
0.163
0.020
0.012
0.853
0.072
82
-------
(h) Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.174
0.075
8.09
0.684
0.083
0.051
3.59
0.303
(i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.360
0.155
16.7
1.42
0.172
0.104
7.42
0.627
(j) Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
83
-------
(k) Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.498
0.214
23.2
1.96
0.237
0.144
10.3
0.868
(m) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for -
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals surface
treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
15.5
6.66
720.
60.9
7.38
4.48
320.
27.0
84
-------
(n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.428
0.184
19.9
1.68
0.204
0.124
8.82
0.745
(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(Ib/million
off-lbs)
of
refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
10
4
486
41
.5
.49
.1
4
3
216
18
.98
.02
.2
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-Kg "(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.810
0.348
37.7
3.19
0.386
0.234
16.7
1.41
85
-------
(q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals tumbled
or burnished
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.60
0.688
74.4
6.29
0.763
0.463
33.0
2.79
(r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.380
0.164
17.7
1.50
0.181
0.110
7.84
0.663
86
-------
(t) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
3.11
1.34
145.0
12.2
1.48
0.899
64.2
5.42
(u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground refractory
metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.018
0.008
0.803
0.068
0.009
0.005
0.357
0.030
(v) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed,
surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.01
0.433
46.8
3.96
0.480
0.291
20.8
1.76
87
-------
(w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.442
0.190
20.6
1.74
0.211
0.128
9.11
0.770
(x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals product
tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.100
0.043
4.62
0.391
0.048
0.029
2.05
0.173
(y) Degreasing Spent Solvents
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SDBPART F: BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE TITANIUM FORMING
SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
88
-------
(b) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium rolled with
contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
1.4
2.05
7.13
651
291
97.6
200
0.586
0.976
98
2
286
129
58.6
95.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be nod discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be nod discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
with emulsions
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.021
0.030
0.105
9.59
4.28
1.44
2.95
0.009
0.015
0.044
4.22
1.9
0.863
1.4
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
89
-------
(f) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
3.56
7.30
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
2.14
3.47
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/millibn
with water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of
0.580
0.840
2.92
267
119
40.0
82.0
forged titanium cooled
0.240
0.400
1.22
117
52.8
24.0
39.0
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
90
-------
(i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/inillion
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
0.012
0.017
0.059
5.33
2.38
0.800
1.64
range of 7.5
titanium forged
0.005
0.008
0.025
2.35
1.06
0.480
0.780
to 10.0 at all times
(j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide 0.293 0.121
Lead 0.424 0.202
Zinc 1.48 0.616
Ammonia 135 59.2
Fluoride , 60.1 26.7
Oil & Grease 20.2 12.1
TSS 41.4 19.7
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
91
-------
(1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(m) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide 0.061 0.025
Lead 0.088 0.042
Zinc 0.304 0.127
Ammonia 27.7 12.2
Fluoride 12.4 5.49
Oil & Grease 4.16 2.50
TSS 8.53 4.06
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(n) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average-
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
8.47
12.3
42.7
3,890
1,740
584
1,200
3.51
5.84
17.8
1,710
771
351
570
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
92
-------
(o) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
or forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.621
0.899
3.13
285
128
42.8
87.8
0.257
0.428
31
1
126
56.5
25.7
41.8
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/of"f-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc "~
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil ST Grease
TSS
0.070
0.101
0.351
32.0
14.3
4.80
9.84
0.029
0.048
0.147
14.1
6.34
2.88
4.68
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
93
-------
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium alkaline cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.801
1.16
4.03
370
164
55.2
113
range of 7.5 to
0.331
0.552
1.69
162
72.9
33.1
53.8
10.0 at all times
(r) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium rinsed after
molten salt treatment
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range
0.277
0.401
1.40
128
56.8
19.1
39.2
of 7.5 to 10.0
0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
11.5 -
18.6
at all times
94
-------
(s) Tumbling Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tumbled
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.229
0.332
1.16
110.
47.0
15.8
32.4
0.095
0.158
0.482
46.
20.9
9.48
15.4
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) -Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with an emulsion
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of titanium
0.053
0.077
0.267
24.4
10.9
3.66
7.51
sawed or ground
0.022
0.037
0.112
10.7
4.83
2.20
3.57
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
95
-------
(v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(Ib/million
of-lbs)
of
titanium sawed or
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
1.
2.
6.
635
283
95.
195
38
00
95
2
0
0
2
279
126
57
92
.571 .
.952
.91
.1
.8
ground
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
96
-------
Dye Penetrat Testing Wastewater -
BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium tested with dye
penetrant methods
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.325
0.471
1.64
149
66.7
22.4
45.9
0.135
0.224
0.683
65.7
29.6
13.5
21.9
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BPT
Pollutant or .
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.010
0.014
0.048
4.32
1.93
0.648
1.33
0.004
0.007
0.020
1.90
0.856
0.389
0.632
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
97
-------
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BAT ;
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with contact cooling
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of titanium
water
0.142
0.205
0.713
65.1
29.1
Maximum for
monthly average;
rolled
0.059
0.098
0.298
28.6
12.90
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. ,r '
98
-------
(e) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.021
0.030
0.105
9.59
4.28
0.009
0.015
0.044
4.22
1.90
(f) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia, ,
Fluoride
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
(g) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
99
-------
(h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with water
off-lbs) of forged titanium cooled
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.029
0.042
0.146
13.3
5.95
0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
(i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million
off-lbs)
0
0
0
5
2
of titanium
.012
.017
.059
.33
.38
forged
0.005
0.008
0.025
? -3CL
1.06
(j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.293
0.424
1.48
135
60.1
0.121
0.202
0.616
59.2
26.7
100
-------
(k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
101
-------
(1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
There shall be no discharge allowance for process
wastewater pollutants.
(m) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.061
0.088
0.304
27.7
12.4
0.025
0.042
0.127
12.2
5.49
(n) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.847
1.23
4.27
389
174
0.351
0.584
1.78
171
77.1
102
-------
(o) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
or forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.062
0.090
0.313
28.5
12.8
0.026
0.043
0.131
12.6
5.68
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) ot titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.070
0.101
0.351
32.0
14.3
0.029
0.048
0.147
14.1
6.34
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium alkaline cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.080
0.116
0.403
36.8
16.4
0.033
0.055
0.169
16.2
7.29
103
-------
(r) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
molten salt
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
off-lbs) of titanium,
0.277
0.401
1.40
128
56.8
treated
0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
with
(s) Tumbling Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tumbled
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.023
0.033
0.116
11.0
4.70
0.010
0.016
0.048
4.63
2.09
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or ground
with emulsions
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.053
0.077
0.267
24.4
10.9
0.022
0.037
0.112
10.7
4.83
104
-------
(v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any:one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) to titanium sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.138
0.200
0.695
63.5
28.3
0.057
0.095
0.291
27.9
12.6
(w) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
penetrant
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million
methods
off-lbs)
0.
0.
1.
149
66.
of
325
471
64
7
titanium tested
0.
0.
0.
65.
29.
with
135
224
683
7
6
dye
(x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
105
-------
(y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.010
0.014
0.048
4.32
1.93
0.004
0.007
0.020
1.90
0.856
(z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART G: BPT and BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE URANIUM
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge process wastewater
pollutants.
106
-------
(b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium extruded
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride 20
Molybdenum 2.28
Oil & Grease 6.88
ipgg 14.1 6.71
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
0.117
0.152
0.654
0.145
0.661
5
0.052
0.062
0.344
0.069
0.437
9.08
1.18
4.13
(c) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded or forged uranium
heat treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper-
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.646
0.836
3.61
0.798
3.65
113
12.6
38.0
77.9
0.285
0.342
1.90
0.380
2.42
50.2
6.5
22.8
37.1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(d) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
107
-------
(e) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.010
0.012
0.052
0.012
0.052
1.62
0.180
0.544
1.12
range of 7.5 to
0.004
0.005
0.027
0.006
0.035 :
0.718
0.093 i
0.327
0.531
10.0 at all times
(f) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium 0.115
Chromium 0.149
Copper 0.641
Lead 0.142
Nickel 0.647
Fluoride 20.1
Molybdenum 2.23 i.ie
Oil & Grease 6.74 4.05
TSS . 13.8 6.57
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
0.050
0.061
0.337
0.068
0.428
8.90
108
-------
(g) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range of 7
0.001
0.002
0.007
0.002
0.007
0.208
0.023
0.070
0.143
0.0006
0.0007
0.004
0.0007
0.005
0.092
0.012
0.042
0.068
5 to 10.0 at all times
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or ground
with emulsions
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.003
0.011
0.338
0.038
0.114
0.233
0.0009
0.001
0.006
0.001
0.007
0.150
0.020
0.068
0.111
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
109
-------
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or
ground with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.561
0.726
3.14
0.693
3.17
98.2
10.9
33.0
67.7
0.248
0.297
1.65
0.330
2.1
43.6
5.65
19.8
32.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground uranium
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.002
0.002
0.009
0.002
0.009
0.277
0.031
0.093
0.191
0.0007
0.0009
0.005
0.001
0.006
0.123
0.016
0.056
0.091...
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
110
-------
(k) Area Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.015
0.019
0.082
0.018
0.083
2.56
0.284
0.858
1.76
0.007
0.008
0.043
0.009
0.055
1.14
0.147
0.515
0.837
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(1) Drum Washwater - BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper i-.
Lead $ ,
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
of uranium formed
0.015
0.020
0.084
0.019
0.085
2.64
0.293
0.886
1.82
0.007
0.008
0.045
0.009
0.057
1.17
0.152
0.532
0.864
PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
111
-------
(m) Laundry Washwater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee - day
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
17.8
23.1
99.6
22.0
101
3,120
347
1,050
2,150
range of 7.5 to 10.0
7.86
9.43
52.4
10.5
66.6
1,390
179
629
1,020
at all times
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT , ,,; . .
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
112
-------
(a) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium extruded
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride ,
Molybdenum
0.007
0.013
0.044
0.010
0.019
2.05
0.173
0.003
0.005
0.021
0.005
0.013
0.908
0.077
113
-------
(c) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
heat treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
of extruded or
0.006
0.012
0.040
0.009
0.017
1.86
0.158
forged uranium ;
0.003
0.005
0.019
0.004
0.012
0.827
0.070
(d) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
114
-------
(e) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.006
0.010
0.035
0.008
0.015
1.62
0.137
0.002
0.004
0.017
0.004
0.010
0.718
0.061
(f) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
20
0.068
0.125
0.432
0.095
0.186
1
1.70
0.027
0.051
0.206
0.044
0.125
8.90
0.752
115
-------
(g) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.0007
0.001
0.005
0.001
0.002
0.208
0.018
0.0003
0.0005
0.002
0.0005
0.001
0.092
0.008
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawer or ground
with emulsions
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.001
0.002
0.007
0.002
0.003
0.338
0.029
0.0005
0.0009
0.004
0.001 r
0.002
0.150
0.013
116
-------
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead ;
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.033
0.061
0.211
0.046
0.091
9.82
0.830
0.013
0.025
0.101
0.022
0.061
4.36
0.368
(j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground uranium
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.003
0.277
0.024
0.0004
0.0007
0.003
0.0006
0.002
0.123
0.011
117
-------
(k) Area Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.009
0.016
0.055
0.012
0.024
2.56
0.216
0.004
0.007
0.026
0.006
0.016
1.14
0.096
(1) Drum Washwater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.009
0.017
0.057
0.013
0.025
2.64
0.223
0.004
0.007
0.027
0.006
0.017
1.17
0.099
(m) Laundry Washwater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee - day
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
5.24
9.70
33.6
7.34
14.4
1,560
132
2olO
3.93
16.0
3.41
9.70
692
58.4
118
-------
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
119
-------
SUBPART H: BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE ZINC FORMING
SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT :
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.0006
0.003
0.0004
0.002
0.028
0.057
0.0003
0.002
0.0002
0.0009
0.017
0.027
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
120
-------
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.236
1.02
0.156
0.783
10.7
22.0
0.097
0.536
0.065
0.327
6.43
10.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc drawn with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.009
0.116
0.238
0.001
0.006
0.0007
0.004
0.070
0.113
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
121
-------
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast by the direct
chill method
'Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.222
0.960
0.147
0.738
10.1
20.7
0.091
0.505
0.061
0.308
6.06
9.85
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc heat treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.336
1.45
0.221
1.12
15.3
31.3
0.138
0.763
0.092
0.466
9.16
14.9
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
122
-------
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.039
0.169
0.026
0.130
1.78
3.64
range of 7.5
0.016
0.089
0.011
0.054
1.07
1.73
to 10.0 at all times.
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.58
6.80
1.04
5.23
71.6
147
0.645
3.58
0.430
2.19
43.0
69.8
Within the range pf 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
123
-------
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs)
0.002
0.007
0.001
0.005
0.071
0.146
pH Within the range of 7.5
of zinc alkaline cleaned
0.0007
0.004
0.0004
0.002
0.043
0.069
to 10.0 at all times.
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.744
3.21
0.490
2.47
33.8
69.3
0.304
1.69
0.203
1.03
20.3
33.0
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
124
-------
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc sawed or ground
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.011
0.045
0.007
0.035
0.476
0.976
0.005
0.024
0.003
0.015
0.286
0.464
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(m) Electrocoating Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc electrocoated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
.pH
1.01
4.35
0.664
3.35
45.8
93.9
0.412
2.29
0.275
1.40
27.5
44.7
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
125
-------
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
126
-------
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.0005
0.002
0.0003
0.002
0.0002
0.0009
0.0001
0.0006
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.020
0.069
0.011
0.055
0.009
0.033
0.004
0.023
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc drawn with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.002
0.008
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.004
0.0005
0.003
127
-------
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast by the direct
chill method
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.019
0.065
0.010
0.052
0.008
0.031
0.004
0.021
(f) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly :average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc heat treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.029
0.098
0.016
0.078
0.012
0.047
0.006
0.032
128
-------
(h) Surface Treatment Spent.Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any- one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.033
0.114
0.018
0.091
0.014
0.054
0.007
0.038
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surfact treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.133
0.458
0.072
0.365
0.054
0.219
0.029
0.151
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.002
0.005
0.0007
0.004
0.0006
0.002
0.0003
0.002
129
-------
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.626
2.17
0.338
1.73
0.254
1.03
0.135
0.710
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
off-lbs) of
0.009
0.031
0.005
0.025
zinc sawed or
0.
0.
0.
0.
ground
004
015 "
002
010
(m) Electrocoating Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc electrocated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.085
0.293
0.046
0.234
0.035
0.140
0.019
0.096
130
-------
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART I: BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE ZIRCONIUM-
HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no :discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
131
-------
(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
of zirconium-hafnium
0.104
0.069
0.455
31.6
14.1
4.74
9.72
0.043
0.029
0.301
13.9
6.26
2.85
4.62
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(e) Swaging Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process waatewater
pollutants.
(f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or~
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
(lb/million
Maximum for
monthly average
of zirconium-hafnium heat
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
fpCCJ
pH Within the range of 7.'5 to 10.0 at all times.
0.151
0.100
0.659
45.7
20.4
6.86
0.062
0.041
0.436
20.1
9.06
4.12
132
-------
^g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property .
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium 0.150 0.061
Cyanide 0.099 0.041
Nickel 0.653 0.432
Ammonia 45.3 20.0
Fluoride 20.3 8.98
Oil & Grease 6.80 4.08
TSS 14.0 6.63
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
133
-------
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
3.91
2.58
17.1
1,190
' 529
178
364
1
1
11.3
521
235
107
173
60
07
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.704
0.464
07
3
214
95.2
32.0
65.6
0.288
0.192
2.03
93.8
42.3
19.2
31.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
134
-------
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for .
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
13.8
9.11
60.3
4,190
1870
628
1290
5.65
3.77
39.9
1,840
829
377
613
PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.124
0.082
0.540
37.5
16.7
5.62
11.5
0.051
0.034
0.357
16.5
7.42
3.37
5.48
pH
Within the range of 7.'5 to 10.0 at all times,
(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
There shall be no allowance for the discharge
process wastewater pollutants.
of
135
-------
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(o) Degreasing Rinse - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
rinsed following molten salt treatment
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
3.33
2.20
14.5
1,010
450
151
310
1.360
0.907
9.60
443
200
90.7
148
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
136
-------
C.q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.142
0.093
0.617
42.8
19.1
6.42
13.2
0.058
0.039
0.408
18.8
8.48
3.85
6.26
Within the range of 7.5 bo 10.0 at all times,
(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground zirconium-
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.792
0.522
3.46
240
107
36.0
73-8
0.324
0.216
2.29
106
47.5
21.6
35.1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
137
-------
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.007
0.005
0.030
2.06
0.917
0.308
0.632
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.903
0.407
0.185
0.301
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
138
-------
(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.104
0.069
0.455
31.6
14.1
0.043
0.029
0.301
13.9
6.26
139
-------
(e) Swaging Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
»
(f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.015
0.010
0.066
4.57
2.04
0.006
0.004
0.044
2.01
0.906
(g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
140
-------
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.150
0.099
0.653
45.3
20.3
0.061
0.041
0.432
20.0
8.98
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.391
0.258
1.71
119
52.9
0.160
0.107
1.13
52.1
23.5
141
-------
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.704
0.464
3.07
214
95.2
0.288
0.192
2.03
93.8
42.3
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
1.380
0.911
6.03
419
187
0.565
0.377
3.99
184
82.9
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant proper ty
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed
or ground with emulsions ;
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.124
0.082
0.540
37.5
16.7
0.051
0.034
0.357
16.5
7.42
142
-------
(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(o) Degreasing Rinse - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/mlllion off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium rinsed
following molten salt treatment
Chromium ">
Cyanide ;.;
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.333
0.220
1.45
101
45.0
0.136
0.091
0.960
44.3
20.0
143
-------
(q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average;
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed or
ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.093
0.617
42.8
19.1
0.058
0.039
0.408
18.8
8.48
(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant ofi
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum 'for"
monthly avejrage
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground zireoni:um-
hafnium ringed ?:,.
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.079
0.052
0.346
24.0
10.7
0.033
0.022
0.229
10.6
4.75
(s) Sawing -or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process,
pollutants. ; :<
144
-------
(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-'lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.007
0.005
0.030
2.06
0.917
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.903
0.407
SUBPART J:
BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE METAL POWDERS
SUBCATEGORY
(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
9.58
1.46
2.12
101
207
5.04
0.605
1.01
0Er5
98.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all.times.
(b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
145
-------
(c) Sizing Spent Emulsion - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
(Ib/million
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs
0
0
0
0
0
)
'
of powder
028
004
006
292
599
sized
0
0
0
0
0
.015
.002
.003
.175
.285
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
146
-------
(d) Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Blowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.51
0.230
0.333
15.9
32.5
0.792
0.095
0.159
9.51
15.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
8.36
1.28
1.85
88.0
181
4.40
0.528
0.880
52.800
85.8
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
147
-------
(g) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsion - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
mo.nthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsion
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.035
0.005
0.008
0.362
0.742
the range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.018
0.002
0.004
0.217
0.353
at all times.
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with contact cooling
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
3.08
0.470
0.681
32.4
66.4
1.62
0.195
0.324
19.5
31.6
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
148
-------
(j) Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after
pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
16.7
2.55
3.70
176
361
8.80
1.06
1.76
106
172
PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(k) Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
15.0
2.29
3.32
158
324
7.90
0.948
1.58
94.8
154 ;=:
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all .times,
(1) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT
K, ~
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
149
-------
(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
9.58
1.46
2.12
5.04
0.605
1.01
(b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process waste;water
pollutants.
(c) Sizing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
0.028
0.004
0.006
0.015
0.002
0.003
(d) Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. ,
150
-------
(e) Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
1.51
0.230
0.333
0.792
0.095
0.159
(f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
8.36
1.28
1.85
4.40
0.528
0.880
(g) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsions
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
0.035
0.005
0.008
0.018
0.002
0.004
151
-------
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sawed or ground
with contact cooling
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
3.08
0.470
0.681
1.62
0.195
0.324
(j) Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
16.7
2.55
3.70
8.80
1.06
1.760
(k) Mixing Wet Air, Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
'Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
15.0
2.29
3.32
7.90
0.948
1.58
(1) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
4. NSPS is being promulgated based on the model treatment
technology of flow equalization, oil skimming, chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration (lime, settle, and
152
-------
filter) technology, and in-process flow reduction control
methods, and where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping,_chemical
emulsion breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation
for the magnesium, nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, uranium, and
zinc forming subcategories. Iron coprecipitation is included in
this model treatment teqhnology for removal of the pollutant
molybdenum from wastewaters in the refractory metals and uranium
forming subcategories. NSPS is being promulgated based on _the
model treatment technology of flow equalization, oil skimming,
chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle)
technology, and in-process flow reduction control_methods, and
where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical emulsion
breaking^ chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation for the
lead-tin-bismuth, precious metals, titanium, and zirconium-
hafnium forming subcategories and the metal.powders subcatetory.
The following effluent standards are being promulgated for new
sources:
SUBPART A:
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE LEAD-TIN-
BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.067
0.010
0.468
0.960
0.030
0.005
0.281
0.457
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.124
0.018
0.860
1.80
0.055
0.009
0.520
0.840
Within the range of 7-5 to 10.0 at all times
153
-------
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
154
-------
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.076
0.011
0.526
1.087
range of 7.5
0.034
0.005
0.316
0.513
to 10.0 at all times
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.022
0.003
0.149
0.306
0.010
0.002
0.090
0.146
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
155
-------
(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average;
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
pH
0.414 0.185
0.061 0.030
2.88 1 73
5.91 2;81
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.158
0.023
1.10
2.26
0.071
0.011
0.660
1.07
Within.the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
156
-------
(h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.003
0.0004
0.020
0.041
the range of 7.5
0.001
0.0002
0.012
0.020
to 10.0 at' all times
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony 0.009 0.004
Lead 0.001 0.0006
Oil & Grease 0.059 0.036
TSS 0.121 0.058
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
157
-------
(j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.107
0.016
0.746
1.53
the range of 7.5
0.048
0.008
0.448
0.728
to 10.0 at all times
(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
Antimony 0.169 0.076
Lead 0.025 0.012
Oil & Grease 1.18 0.706
TSS 2.41 1.15
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
158
-------
(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.345 0.154
0.051 0.024
2.40 1.44
4.92 2.34
the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.678
0.099
4.72
9.68
0.302
0.047
2.84
4.60
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
159
-------
(n) Swaging Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.005
0.0008
0.036
0.073
0.002
0.0004
0.022
0.035
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART B: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE MAGNESIUM
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property.
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.028
0.076
9.95
4.44
0.746
1.12
0.011
0.032
4.37
1.97
0.746
0.895
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
160
-------
Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
rpoq
X O LJ
pH Within the
0.107
0.295
38.5
17.2
2.89
4.34
range of 7.5
0.044
0.122
17.0
7.63
2.89
3.47
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.002
0.004
0.532
0.238
0.040
0.060
0.0006
0.002
0.234
0.106
0.040
0.048
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
161
-------
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium cast with direct
cni±i methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.46
4.03
527
235
39.5
59.3
0.593
1.66
232
105
39.5
47.4
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at ail times
(f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths -
NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.173
0.476
62.1
27.8
4.66
6.99
0.070
0.196
27.3
12.3
4.66
5.60
^^ -J \J \J
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.700
1.93
252
113
18.9
28.4
0.284
0.794
111
49.9
18.9
22.7
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at ail times
162
-------
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed
nr around
or ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.007
0.020
2.60
1.16
0.195
0.293
range of 7.5
0.003
0.008
1.15
0.515
0.195
0.234
to 10.0 at all times
(i) begreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.229
0.632
82.5
36.9
6.19
9.29
0.093
0.260
36.3
16.4 "
6. 1-9.
7.43
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
163
-------
SUBPART C: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE NICKEL-
COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average;
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.063
0.094
10.1
1.70
2.55
0.026
0.063
4.49,
1.70
2.04
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.028
0.042
4.49
0.754
1.13
range of 7 . 5
nickel-cobalt rolled
0.012
0 . 028
1.99
0.754
0.905
to 10.0 at all times
(d) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricant - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
164
-------
(e) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.036
0.053
5.68
0.954
1.43
0.015
0.036
2.52
0.954
1.15
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. , .
(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - NSPS ... .......
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat treated :
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.031
0.046
4.95
0.832
1.25
0.013
0.031
2.20
0.832
0.999
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
165
-------
(i) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.086
0.128
13.8
2.32
3.48
0.035
0.086
6.13
2.32
2.79
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.002
0.002
0.238
0.040
0.060
0.0006
0.002
0.106
0.040
0.048
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
cooled with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil s Grease
TSS
off-lbs)
0.018
0.026
2.82
0.474
0.711
of forged nickel-cobalt
0.007
0.018
1.25
0.474
0.569
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
166
-------
Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.069
0.103
11.2
1.87
2.81
0.028
0.069
4.94
1.87
2.25
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of
Maximum for,
monthly average
nickel-cobalt cast
with
stationary casting methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.448
0.666
72.0
12.1
18.2
. -jO.182
0.448
32 .0
12.1
14.5
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o) Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - NSPS
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
167
-------
(p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt metal
powder atomized
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.970
1.44
156
26.2
39.3
pH
0.393
0.970
69.2
26.2
31.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(q) Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
Water - NSPS
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs),of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.300
0.450
48.2
8.1
12.2
0.122
0.300
21.4
8.1
9.72
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
168
-------
(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.346
0.515
55.7
9.35
14.1
0.141
0.346
24.7
9.35
11.2
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt-surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.874
1.30
141
23.6
35.4
0.354
0.873
62.3
23.6
28.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off;-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.013
0.019
2.02
0.339
0.509
0.005
0.013
0.895
0.339
0.407
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
169
-------
(v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.086
0.128
13.9
2.33
3.50
0.035
0.086
6.15
2.33
2.80
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(w) Molten Salt Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
with molten salt
Chromium ''
Nickel :
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.312
0.464
50.2
8.44
12.7
range of 7.5
nickel-cobalt treated
0.127
0.312
22.3
8.44
10.1
to 10.0 at all times
(x) Ammonia Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.006
0.008
0.881
0.148
0.222
0.002
0.006
0.391
0.148
0.178
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
170
-------
(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium 0.015
Nickel 0.022
Fluoride 2.35
Oil & Grease 0.394
TSS
pH
0.591
Within the range of 7.5
0.006
0.015
1.04
0.394
0.473
to 10.0 at all times
(z) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground
Chromium 0.067
Nickel 0.100
Fluoride 10.8
Oil & Grease 1.81
TSS
PH
2.72
Within the range of 7.5
0.027
0.067
4.78
1.81
2.17
to 10.0 at all times
(aa) Steam Cleaning Condensate - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.011
0.017
1.79
0.301
0.452
0.005
0.011
0.795
0.301
0.361
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
171
-------
(ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(ad) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel cobalt tested with
dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.079
0.117
12.7
2.13
3.20
0.032
0.079
5.63
2.13
2.56
Within < the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or ,
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
electrocoated
Chromium . 1.25
Nickel 1.86
Fluoride 201
Oil & Grease 33.7
TSS 50.6
PH
nickel-cobalt
0.506
1.25
89.0
33.7
40.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
172
-------
(af) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.091
0.136
14.7
I2.46
3.69
0.037
0.091
6.50
2.46
2.95
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
SUBPART D: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE PRECIOUS
METALS FORMING .SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals rolled
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.026
0.147
0.023
0.032
1.54
3.16
0.012
0.077
0.010
0.013
0.925
1.51
Within the range!of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
173
-------
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.017
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.950
1.95
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
0.570
0.927
all times
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with soap solutions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within;the
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.002
0.063
0.128
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
0.0005
0.003
0.0004
O.O006
0.038
0.061
all times
(f) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder wet
atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
2.27
12.7
1.94
2.74
134
274
1.00
6.68
0.802
1.14
80.2
131
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
174
-------
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
metals heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of precious
0.142
0.793
0.121
0.171
8.34
17.1
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
0.063
0.417
0.050
0.071
5.01
8.13
all times
(h) Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cpoling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.350
1.96
0.299
0.423
20.6
42.3
the range of 7.5
0.155
1.03
0.124
0.175
12.4
20.1
to 10.0 at all times
(i) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
175
-------
(j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.367
2.05
0.313
0.443
21.6
44.3
0.162
1.08
0.130
0.184
13.0
21.1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly.average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals shot
r«ac!t-
cast
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.125
0.698
0.107
0.151
7.34
15.1
0.055
0.367
0.044
0.063
4.41
7.16
Within tifae range of 7.5 to 10..0 at all times
(1) Wet-Air-. Pollution Control Scrubber .Slowdown -v-NSPS.
There shall he no discharge'of process wastewater
pollutants.
176
-------
(m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.029
0.159
0.024
0.034
1.67
3.43
range of 7.5 to
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
1.00
1.63
10.0 a't all times
(n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant, or
pollutant- property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum;for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
0.033
0.183
0.028
0.040
1.93
3.95
0.015
0.097
0.012
0.017
1.16
1.88
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollufeant,,pr,
pollutant; property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg:: (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.210
1.17
0.179
0.253
12.3
25.3
0.093
0.616
0.074
0.105
7.39
12.0
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
177
-------
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
0.021 0.009
0.114 0.060
0.018 0.007
0.025 0.010
1.20 0.720
2.46 1.17
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.381
2.13
0.325
0.459
22.4
45.9
range of 7.5 to
0.168
1.12
0.135
0.191
13.5
21.9
10.0 at all times
(r) Alkaline Cleaning Pre-Bonding Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned prior to bonding
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.400
2.21
0.337
0.476
23.2
47.6
the range of 7.5 to
0.174
1.16
0.139
0.197
13.9
22.6
10.0 at all times
178
-------
Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.412
2.30
0.351
0.496
24.2
49.6
0.182
1.21
0.145
0.206
14.5
23.6
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.032
0.178
0.027
0.038
1.87
3.83
0.014
0.094
0.011
0.016
1.12
1.82
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(v) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
179
-------
SUBPART E: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE REFRACTORY
METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.549
0.236
25.5
2.16
4.29
6.44
pH
0.262
0.159
11.3
0.957
4.29
5.15
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times;
(c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
180
-------
(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.53
0.655
70.8
5.99
11.9
17.9
0.726
0.441
31.4
2.66
11.9
14.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(f) Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory metals
cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS -.
pH
0.041
0.018
1.92
0.163
0.323
0.485
0.020
0.012
0.853
0.072
0.323
0.388
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
181
-------
(h) Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.174
0.075
8.09
0.684
1.36
2.04
pH
0.083
0.051
3.59
0.303
1.36
1.63
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.360
0.155
16.7
1.42
2.81
4.22
pH
0.172
0.104
7.42
0.627
2.81
3.37
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j) Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(k) Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
182
-------
(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.498
0.214
23.2
1.96
3.89
5.84
0.237
0.144
10.3
0.868
3.89
4.67
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH - Within the
15.5
6.66
720
60.9
121
182
range of 7.5
refractory metals
7.38
4.48
320
27.0
121
145
to 10.0 at all times
(n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH.
0.428
0.184
19.9
1.68
3.34
5.01
0.204
0.124
8.82
0.745
3.34
4.01
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
183
-------
(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
10.5
4.49
486
41.1
81.6
123
4.98
3.02
216
18.2
81.6
97.9
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.810
0.348
37.7
3.19
6.33
9.5
16
0.386
0.234
7
1.41
6.33
7.6
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
1.60
0.688
74.4
6.29
12.5
18.8
0.763
0.463
33.0
2.79
12.5
15.0
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
184
-------
(r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no .discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.380
0.164
17.7
1.5
2.97
4.46
0.181
0.110
7.84
0.663
2.97
3.57
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
3.11
1.34
145.
12.2
24.3
36.5
1.48
0.899
64.2
5.42
24.3
29.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
185
-------
(u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
'Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.018 -
0.008
0.803
0.068
0.135
0.203
the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0 . 009
0 . 005
0. 357
\J * +J -J I
0.030
0.135
0.162
times
(v) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed,
ground, surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
1.01
0.433
46.8
3.96
7.87
11.8
range of 7.5 to
0 480
\J * Tt \J \J
0 . 291
20.8
1 76
J- / \j
7.87
9.45
10.0 at all times
(w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.442
0.190
20.6
1.74
3.45
5.18
0.211
0.128
9.11
0.770
3.45
4.14
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
186
-------
(x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
- NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
product tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.100
0.043
4.62
0.391
0.776
1.17
0.048
0.029
2.05
0.173
0.776
0.931
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(y) Deg-reasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART F: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE TITANIUM
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
187
-------
(b) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average;
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium rolled with
contact cooling water
Cyanide
.Lead
'Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.142
0.205
0.713
65.1
29.1
9.76
20.0
0.059
0.098
0.298
28.6
12.9
5.86
9.52
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil s Grease
TSS
pH
0.021
0.030
0.105
9.59
4.28
1.44
2.95
0.009
0.015
0.044
4.22
1.9
0.863
1.40
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
188
-------
(f) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
3.56
7.30
range of 7.5 to
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
2.14
3.47
10.0 at all times
(g) Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
with water
Cyanide
Lead v
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of forged
0.029
0.0420
0.146
13."3
5.95
2.00
4.10
titanium
0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
1.20
1.95
cooled
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
189
-------
(i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
^y^nide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
0.012
0.017
0.059
5.33
2.38
0.800
1.64
range of 7.5
titanium forged
0.005
0.008
0.025
2.35
1.06
0.480
0.780
to 10.0 at all times
(j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide 0.293 0.121
Lead 0.424 0.202
Zinc 1.48 0.616
Ammonia 135 59.2
Fluoride 60.1 26.7
Oil & Grease 20.2 12.1
TSS 41.4 19.7
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
There shall be no discharge allowance for the discharge
of process wastewater pollutants.
190
-------
(m) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.061
0.088
0.304
27.7
12.4
4.16
8.53
0.025
0.042
0.127
12.2
5.49
2.50
4.06
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(n) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.847
1.23
4.27
389
174
58.4
120
0.351
0.584
1.78
171
77.1
35.1
57.0
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
191
-------
(o) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
or forged
Cyanide 0.062 0.026
Lead 0.090 0.043
Zinc 0.313 0.131
Ammonia 28.5 12.6
Fluoride 12.8 5.65
Oil & Grease 4.28 2.57
TSS 8.78 4.18
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.070
0.101
0.351
32.0
14.3
4.80
9.84
14
pH
0.030
0.048
0.147
.1
6.34
2.88
68
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
192
-------
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium alkaline cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.080
0.116
0.403
36.8
16.4
5.52
11.3
16
7
0.033
0.055
0.169
2
29
3.31
5.38
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(r) Molten Salt Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of
molten salt
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.277
0.401
40
1
128
56.8
19.1
39.2
titanium treated with
0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
11.5
18.6
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
193
-------
(s) Tumbling Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average;
mg/off~kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of
0.023
0.033
0.116
10.6
4.70
Oil & Grease 1.58
TSS
pH
3.24
Within the range of 7 . 5
titanium tumbled
0.010
0.016
0.048
4.63
2. 09
0.948
1.54
to 10.0 at all times
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or around
with emulsions
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS 7.51 3 57
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
0.053
0.077
0.267
24.4
10.9
3.66
0.022
0.037
0.112
10.7
4.83
2.20
194
-------
Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range
0.138
0.200
0.695
63.5
28.3
9.52
19.5
of 7.5 to 10.0
sawed or
0.057
0.095
0.291
27.9
12.6
5.71
9.28
ground
at all times
(w) Dye' Penetrant Testing Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
pentrant methods
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
of-lbs) of titanium
0.325
0.471
1.64
149
66.7
22.4
45.9
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
tested using
0.135
0.224
0.683
65.7
29.6
13.5
21.9
at all times
dye
(x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants."
195
-------
(y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.010
0.014
0.048
4.32
1.93
0.648
1.33
0.004
0.007
0.020
1.90
0.856
0.389
0.632
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART G: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE URANIUM
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
196
-------
(b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range of
of uranium
0.007
0.013
0.044
0.010
0.019
2.05
0.173
0.344
0.516
7.5 to 10.0
extruded
0.003
0.005
0.021
0.005
0.013
0.908
. 077
0.344
0.413
at all times
(c) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded or forged uranium
heat treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease ;
TSS
pH Within the range of
0.006
0.012
0.040
0.009
0.017
1.86
0.158
0.313
0.470
7.5 to
0.003
0.005
0.019
0.004
0.012
0.827
0.070
0.313
0.376
10.0 at all times
(d) Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
197
-------
(e) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.006
0.010
0.035
0.008
0.015
1.62
0.137
0.272
0.408
0.002
0.004
0.017
0.004
0.010
0.718
0.061
0.272
0.327
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
(f) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Jb'O-LJ.utant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.068
0.125
0.432
0.095
0.186
20,
1,
3,
5.
1
70
37
06
0.027
0.051
0.206
0.044
0.125
8.90
0.752
3.37
4.05
j \> \j H U D
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
198
-------
(g) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average.
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range of 1
0.0007
0.001
0.005
0.001
0.002
0.208
0.018
0.035
0.053
0.0003
0.0005
0.002
0.0005
0.001
0.092
0.008
0.035
0.042
5 to 10.0 at all times
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or ground
with emulsions
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range of 7
0.001
0.002
0.007
0.002
0.003
0.338
0.029
0.057
0.085
0.0005
0.0009
0.004
0.0008
0.002
0.150
0.013
0.057
0.068
5 to 10.0 at all times
199
-------
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range of 7
of uranium
0.033
0.061
0.211
0.046
0.091
9.82
0.830
1.65
2.48
.5 to 10.0
sawed or ground
0.013
0.025
0.101
0.022
0.061
4.36
0.368
1.65
1.98
at all times
(j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
of sawed or
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.003
0.277
0.024
0.047
0.070
ground uranium
0.0004
0.0007
0.003
0.0006
0.002
0.123
0.011
0.047
0.056
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
200
-------
Ik) Area Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.009
0.016
0.055
0.012
0.024
2.56
0.216
0.429
0.644
0.004
0.007
0.026
0.006
0.016
1.14
0.096
0.429
0.515
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(1) Drum Washwater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of uranium
0.009
0.017
0.057
0.013
0.025
2.64
0.223
0.443
0.665
range of 7.5 to 10.0
Maximum for
monthly average
formed
0.004
0.007
0.027
0.006
0.017
1.17
0.099
0.443
0.532
at all times
201
-------
(m) Laundry Washwater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/employee - day
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
Maximum for
any one day
5.24
9.70
33.6
7.34
14.4
1,560
132
262
393
range of 7.5 to 10.0
Maximum for
monthly average
2.10
3.93
16.0
3.41
9.70
692
58.4
262
315
at all times
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process waster
pollutants.
SUBPART H: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE ZINC
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
202
-------
Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.0005
0.002
0.0003
0.002
0.014
0.021
range bf 7.5
0.0002
0.0009
0.0001
0.0006
0.014
0.017
to 10.0 at all times.
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.020
0.069
0.011
0.055
0.536
0.804
range of 7.5
0.009 '
0.033
0.004
0.023
0.536
0.643
to 10.0 at all times.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
(Ib/million
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of
0
0
0
0
0
0
002
008
001
006
058
087
zinc drawn
0
0
0
0
0
with
0.
0009
004
0005
003
058
070
emulsions
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
203
-------
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast by the direct
chill method
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.019
0.065
0.010
0.052
0.505
0.758
0.008
0.031
0.004
0.021
0.505
0.606
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(f) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc heat treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.029
0.098
0.016
0.078
0.763
1.15
0.012
0.047
0.006
0.032
0.763
0.916
Within the range of 7.5,to 10.0 at all times
204
-------
Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.033
0.114
0.018
0.091
0.887
1.33
range of 7.5 to
0.014
0.054
0.007
0.038
0.887
1.07
10.0 at all times.
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.133
0.459
0.072
0.365
3.58
5.37
the range of 7.5
0.054
0.219
0.029
0.151
3.58
4.30
to 10.0 at all times.
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.002
0.005
0.0007
0.004
0.036
0.054
0.0006
0.002
0.0003
0.002
0.036
0.043
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
205
-------
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range
0.626
2.17
0.338
1.73
16.9
25.4
of 7.5 to
zinc alkaline cleaned
0.254
1.03
0.135
0.710
16.9
20.3
10.0 at all times.
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc sawed or ground
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.009
0.031
0.005
0.025
0.238
0.357
0.004
0.015
0.002
0.010
0.238
0.286
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(m) Electrocoating Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
(Ib/million
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of
0.085
0.293
0.046
0.234
2.29
3.44
zinc electrocoated
0.035
0.140
0.019
0.096
2.29
2.751
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
206
-------
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no . discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART I: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
207
-------
(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.104
0.069
0.455
31.6
14.1
4.74
9.72
pH
0.043
0.029
0.301
13.9
6.26
2.85
4.62
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(e) Swaging Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS ;. <:
Pollutant or
pollutant- property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum,fbr
mqnthlysaverage
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium,'
heat treated . , -... .,
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.015
0.010
0.066
4.57
2.04
0.686
1.41
0.006
.-0.004
0.044
;2.,01
$0.906
pH
0.669
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all-times.
208
-------
(g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no, discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.150
0.099
0.653
45.3
20.3
6.80
14.0
0.061
0.041
0.432
20.0
8.98
4.08
6.63
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium 0.391 0.160
Cyanide 0.258 0.107
Nickel 1-71 1.13
Ammonia 119 52.1
Fluoride 52.9 23.5
Oil & Grease 17.8 10.7
TSS 36.4 17.3
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
209
-------
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil s Grease
TSS
0.704
0.464
07
3
214
95.2
32.0
65.6
0.288
0.192
2.03
93.8
42.3
19.2
31.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
1.38
0.911
6.03
419
187
62.8
129
0.565
0.377
99
pH
3
184
82.9
37.7
61.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
210
-------
Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-;lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.124
0.082
0.540
37.5
16.7
5.62
11.5
0.051
0.034
0.357
16.50
7.42
3.37
5.48
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
\
(o) Degreasing Rinse - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants
211
-------
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - NSPS
Maximum for
monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
rinsed following molten salt treatment
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.333
0.220
45
1
101
45.0
15.1
31.0
0.136
0.091
0.960
44.3
20.0
9.07
14.8
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.142
0.093
0.617
42.8
19.1
6.42
13.2
0.058
0.039
0.408
18.8
8.48
3.85
6.26
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
212
-------
Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of sawed
0.079
0.052
0.346
24.0
10.7
3.60
7.38
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
or ground zirconium-
0.033 -
0.022
0.229
10.6
4.75
.2.16
3.51
at all times.
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS ;
There shall be no discharge of process- wastewater
pollutants.
(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.007
0.005
0.030
2.06
0.917
0.308
0.632
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.903
0.407
0.185
0.301
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
213
-------
SUBPART J: NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE METAL
POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
9.58
1.46
2.12
101
207
5.04
0.605
1.01
60.5
98.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall
pollutants.
be no discharge of
process
wastewater
(c) Sizing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.028
0.004
0.006
0.292
0.599
0.015
0.002
0.003
0.175
0.285
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(d) Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
214
-------
(e) Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Blowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.151
0.023
0.033
1.59
3.25
0.079
0.010
0.016
0.951
1.55
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
0.836
0.128
0.185
8.80
18.1
0.440
0.053
0.088
5.28
8.58
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(g) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
215
-------
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsions
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0
0
0
0
0
the range of 7.5
.035
.005
.008
.362
.742
to 10.0 at all
0.018
0.002
0.004
0.217
0.353
times.
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
3.08
0.470
0.681
32.4
66.4
range of 7.5
1.62
0.195
0.324
19.5
31.6
to 10.0 at all times.
(j) Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after
pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
1.67
0.255
0.370
17.6
36.1
0.880
0.106
0.176
10.6
17.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
216
-------
Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
15.0
2.29
3.32
158
324
7.90
0.948
1.58
94.8
154
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(1) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
5 PSES is being promulgated based on the model treatment
technology of flow equalization, oil skimming, chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration (lime, settle, and
filter) technology, and in-process flow reduction control
methods, and where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping,_chemical
emulsion breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation
for the nickel-cobalt forming subcategory. PSES is being
promulgated based on the model treatment technology of flow
equalization, oil skimming, chemical precipitation and
sedimentation (lime and settle) technology, and in-process flow
reduction control methods,, and where appropriate, ammonia steam
stripping, chemical emulsion breaking, chromium reduction, and
cyanide precipitation for the lead-tin-bismuth, magnesium,
precious metals, refractory metals, titanium, and _zirconium-
hafnium forming subcategories. Iron coprecipitation is included
in this model treatment technology for removal of the pollutant
molybdenum from wastewaters in the refractory metals forming
subcategory. PSES is being promulgated based on the model
treatment technology of flow equalization, oil skimming, and
chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle)
technology, and where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping,
chemical emulsion breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide
precipitation for the metal powders subcategory. The Agency is
not regulating the uranium and zinc forming subcategories under
PSES. The following pretreatment standards are being promulgated
for existing sources:
217
-------
6. PSNS is being promulgated based on the model treatment
technology of flow equalization, oil skimming, chemical
precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration (lime, settle, and
filter) technology, and in-process flow reduction control
methods, and where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical
emulsion breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation
for the magnesium, nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, uranium, and
zinc forming subcategories. Iron coprecipitation is included in
this model treatment technology for removal of the pollutant
molybdenum from wastewaters in the refractory metals and uranium
forming subcategories. PSNS is being promulgated based on the
model treatment technology of flow equalization, oil skimming,
chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle)
technology, and in-process flow reduction control methods, and
where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical emulsion
breaking, chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation for the
leadytin-bismuth, precious metals, titanium and zirconium-hafnium
forming subcategories and the metals powders subcategory. The
following pretreatment standards are being promulgated for new
sources:
SUBPART A:
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
0.067
0.010
0.030
0.005
(b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
0.124
0.018
0.055
0.009
218
-------
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
219
-------
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
0.076
0.011
0.034
0.005
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
0.022
0.003
0.010
0.002
220
-------
(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
0.414
0.061
0.185
0.029
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded .- ..
Antimony
Lead
0.158
0.023
0.071
0.011
221
-------
(h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
"**:;t by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
0.003
0.0004
0.001
0.0002
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony
Lead
0.009
0.001
0.004
0.0006
(j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
0.107
0.016
0.048
0.008
222
-------
(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed.
Antimony
Lead
0.169
0.025
0.076
0.012
(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned :
Antimony
Lead
0.345
0.051
0.154
0.024
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
0.678
0.099
0.302
0.047
223
-------
(n) Swaging Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
0.005
0.0008
0.002
0.0004
(o) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emul'sions
Antimony
Lead
0.067
0.010
0.030
0.005
(b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property...
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
0.124
0.018
0.055
0.009
224
-------
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils-- PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
0.076
0.011
0.034
0.005
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million_off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
0.022
0.003
0.010
0.002
(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
0.414
0.061
0.185
0.029
225
-------
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Jfoxiutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Antimony
Lead
0.158
0.023
0.071
0.011
(h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
0.003
0.0004
0.001
0.0002
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Coolinq
Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony
Lead
0.009
0.001
0.004
0.0006
(j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water -
PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
0.107
0.016
0.048
0.008
226
-------
(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
Antimony
Lead
0.169
0.025
0.076
0.012
(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
0.345
0.051
0.154
0.024
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
0.678
0.099
0.302
0.047
227
-------
(n) Swaging Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
0.005
0.0008
0.003
0.0004
(o) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART B: PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.033
0.109
9.95
4.44
0.014
0.046
4.37
1.97
(b) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
228
-------
Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.127
0.422
38.5
17.2
0.052
0.177
17.0
7.63
(d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly averge
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.002
0.006
0.532
0.238
Ov0007
0;003
0.;234
0.106
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water"- PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly averge
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium cast with direct
chill methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
1.74
5.77
527
235
0.711
2.41
232
105
229
-------
(f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.205
0.681
62.1
27.8
0.084
0.285
27.3
12.3
(g) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.832
2.76
252
113
0.340
1.16
111
49.9
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed or
ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.009
0.029
2.60
1.16
0.004
0.012
1.15
0.515
230
-------
^i.) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be no :discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant propetty
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.273
0.904
82.5
36.9
0.112
0.378
36.3
16. .4.
(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or ;
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium -rol-led with
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.028
0.076
9.95
4.44
"o.dii
- 0.032
4.37
1.97
231
-------
(b) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.107
0.295
38.5
17.2
0.044
0.122
17.0
7.63
(d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.002
0.004
0.532
0.238
0.0006
0.002
0.234
0.106
232
-------
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-f-lbs) of magnesium cast with direct
chill methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
1.46
4.03
527
235
0.593
1.66
232
105
(f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
4- rf^.a-|-f=»ri
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.173
0.476
62.1
27.8
0.070
0.196
27.3
12.3
(g) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
i-rp^l-p'd
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.700
1.93
252
113
0.284
0.794
111
49.9
233
-------
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed
or around
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.007
0.020
2.60
1.16
0.003
0.008
1.15
0.515
(i) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
repaired or forged,.
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Maximum for Maximum for
any one day monthly average
off-lbs)
0.229
0.632
82.5
36.9
of magnesium sanded and
0.093
0.260
36.3
16.4
SUBPART C:
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
234
-------
Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.063
0.094
10.1
0.026
0.063
4.49
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.028
0.042
4.49
0.011
0.028
1.99
(d) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
235
-------
(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.036
0.053
5.68
0.014
0.036
2.52
(g) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.031
0.046
4.95
0.013
0.031
2.20
(i) Extrusion .Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.086
0.128
13.8
0.034
0.086
6.13
236
-------
Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/of f-*g (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.002
0.002
0.238
0.0006
0.002
0.106
(k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.018
0.026
2.82
0.007
O.Q18
1.25
(1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.069
0.103
11.2
0.028
0.069
4.94
(m) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSES ,
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
237
-------
(n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt cast with
stationary methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.448
0.666
72.0
0.182
0.448
32.0
(o) Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - PSES
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
wastewater pollutants.
(p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt metal
powder atomized
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.970
1.44
156
0.393
0.970
69.2
(q) Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
Water - PSE3
There shall be no allowance for the discharge ,of
wastewater pollutants.
238
-------
(r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.300
0.446
48.2
0.122
0.300
21.4
(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.346
0.514
55.7
0.141
0.346
24.7
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.873
1.30
141
0.354
0.873
62.3
239
-------
(u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.013
0.019
2.02
0.005
0.013
0.895
(v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
(w) Molten Salt Rinse -
0.086
0.128
13.9
- PSES
0.035
0.086
6.15
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly; average
mg/off-kg (Ib/toillion off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.312
0.464
50.2
0.127
0.312
22.3
240
-------
(x) Ammonia Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.006
0.008
0.881
0.002
0.006
0.391
(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.015
0.022
2.35
0.006
0.015
1.04
(z) Sawing or Grinding Rinsewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.067
0.100
10.8
0.027
0.067
4.78
241
-------
(aa) Steam Cleaning Condensate - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.011
0.017
1.79
0.005
0.011
0.795
(ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater - PSES
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(ad) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested with
dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.079
0.117
12.7
0.032
0.079
5.63
242
-------
(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
electrocoated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
1.25
1.86
201
of
nickel-cobalt
0.506
1.25
89.0
(af) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.091
0.136
14.7
0.037
0.091
6.50
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions- PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.063
0.094
10.1
0.026
0.063
4.49
243
-------
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.028
0.042
4.49
0.012
0.028
1.99
(d) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricant - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge _ of process wastewater
pollutants.
(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.036
0.053
5.68
0.015
0.036
2.52
(g) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
244
-------
(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.031
0.046
4.95
0.013
0.031
2.20
(i) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.086
0.128
13.8
0.034
0.086
6; 13
(j) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.002
0.002
0.238
0.0006
0.002
0.106
245
-------
(k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged
cooled with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.018
0.026
2.82
nickel-cobalt
0.007
0.018
1.25
(1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.069
0.103
11.2
0.028
0.069
4.94
(m) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt cast with
stationary methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.448
0.666
72.0
0.182
0.448
32.0
246
-------
(o) Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - PSNS
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg. (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt metal
powder atomized
Chromium
Nickel-
Fluoride
0.970
1.44
156
0,393
0.970
69.2
(q) Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
Water - PSNS
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutant.
(r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.300
0.450
48.2
0.122
0.300
21.4
247
-------
(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths- PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.346
0.515
55.7
0.141
0.346
24.7
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.874
1.30
141
0.354
0.873
62.3
(u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.013
0.019
2.02
0.005
0.013
0.895
248
-------
(v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.086
0.128
13.9
0.035
0.086
6.15
(w) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.312
0.464
50.2
0.127
0.312
22.3
(x) Ammonia Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.006
0.008
0.881
0.002
0.006
0.391
249
-------
(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.015
0.022
2.35
0.006
0.015
1.04
(z) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.067
0.100
10.8
0.027
0.067
4.78
(aa) Steam Cleaning Condensate - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.011
0.017
1.79
0.005
0.011
0.795
(ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
Wastewater - PSNS
There shall be no allowance discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
250
-------
(ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no Discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(ad) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one clay
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested
with dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel,
Fluoride
0.079
0.117
12.7
0.032
0.079
5.63
(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
electrocoated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
1.25
1.86
201
of
nickel-cobalt
0.506
0.125
89.0
(af) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.091
0.136
14.7
0.037
0.091
6.50
251
-------
SUBPART D: PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
PRECIOUS METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals rolled
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.026
0.147
0.023
0.032
0.012
0.077
0.010
0.013
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall 'be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
m?/?ff-k? flb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.016
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
252
-------
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
with soap solutions
drawn
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.002
0.0005
0.003
0.0004
0.0006
(f) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum ror
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder
wet atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
2.27
12.7
1.94
2.74
LOO
6.68
0.802
1.14
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
heat treated
heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.142
0.793
0.121.
0.171
0.063
0.417
0.050
0.071
253
-------
(h) Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.350
1.96
0.299
0.423
0.155
1.03
0.124
0.175
(i) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.367
2.05
0.313
0.443
0.162
1.08
0.130
0.184
(k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ibmillion off-lbs) of precious metals shot
cast
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.125
0.698
0.107
0.151
0.055
0.367
0.044
0.063
254
-------
wet Air
Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - PSES
There shall be no 'discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.029
0.159
0.024
0.034
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
(n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.033
0.183
0.028
0.040
0.015
0.097
0.012
0.017
(o) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.210
1.17
0.179
0.253
0.093
0.616
0.074
0.105
255
-------
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
nl p»anpH
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.021
0.114
0.018
0.025
0.009
0.060
0.007
0.010
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.381
2.13
0.325
0.459
0.168
1.12
0.135
0.191
256
-------
Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater - PSES
- .
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned ;prior to bonding
Cadmium
Coppe r
Cyanide
Silver
0.400
2.210
0.337
0.476
0.174
1.16
0.139
0.197
(s) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.412
2.300
0.351
0.496
0.182
1.21
0.145
0.206
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals sawed
or. ground with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.032
0.178
0.027
0.038
0.014
0.094
0.011
0.016
257
-------
(v) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
»f£ff;u?sio^milli°n
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of preci
0.026
0.147
0.023
0.032
Maximum
monthly
cus metals r
0.012
0.077
0.010
0.013
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
258
-------
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.016
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with soap solutions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.002
0.0005
0.003
0.0004
0.0006
(f) Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder wet
atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
2.27
12.7
1.94
2.74
1.00
6.68
0.802
1.14
259
-------
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
metals heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
off-lbs) of extruded
0.142
0.793
0.121
0.171
precious
0 . 063
0.417
0.050
0.071
(h) Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
oy the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.350
1.96
0.299
0.423
0.155
1.03
0.124
0.175
(i) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
260
-------
j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.367
2.05
0.313
0.443
0.162
1.08
0.130
0.184
(k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals shot
cast
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.125
0.698
0.107
0.151
0.055
0.367
0.044
0.0631
(1) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant orMaximum for
pollutant property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.029
0.159
0.024
0.034
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
261
-------
(n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.033
0.183
0.028
0.040
0.015
0.097
0.012
0.017
(o) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
T~ T*Q3 T* Orf
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.210
1.17
0.179
0.253
0.093
0.616
0.074
0.105
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.021
0.114
0.018
0.025
0.009
0.060
0.007
0.010
262
-------
Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned ' .'
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.381
2.13
0.325
0.459
0.168
1.12
0.135
0.191
(r) Alkaline Cleaning Pre-Bonding Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned prior to bonding , . -
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.400
2.21
0.337
0.476
0.174
1.16
0.139
0.197
(s) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - PSNS _
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
.Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.412
2.30
0.351
0.496
0.182
1.21
0.145
0.206
263
-------
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.032
0.178
0.027
0.038
0.014
0.094
0.011
0.016
(v) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART E: PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
264
-------
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals rolled
with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.815
0.824
25.5
2.84
0.429
0.545
11.4
1.47
(c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
2.26
2.29
70.8
7.87
1.19
1.51
31.4
4.07
265
-------
(f) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory metals
cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.062
0.062
1.92
0.214
0.033
0.041
0.853
0.111
(h) Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.259
0.261
8.09
0.899
0.136
0.173
3.59
0.465
(i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.534
0.540
16.7
1.86
0.281
0.357
7.42
0.961
266
-------
(j) Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(k) Metal Powder Pressing, Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.739
0.747
23.2
2.57
0.389
0.494
10.3
1.33
(m) Surface Treatment Rinsewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals surface
treated ,
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
23.0
23.3
720
80.0
12.1
15.4
320
41.4
267
-------
(n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.635
0.642
19.9
2.21
0. 334
0.424
8.82
1.14
(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
15.5
15.7
486
54.0
8 Ifi
*~* !_ \J
10 . 4
216.0
27.9
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.20
1.22
37.7
4.19
0.633
0.804
16.7
2.17
268
-------
(q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals tumbled
or burnished :
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
2.38
2.40
: 74.4
8.27
1.25
1.59
33.0
4.28
(r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.565
0.570
17.7
1.97
0.297
0.377
7.84
1.02
(t) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Coppe r
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
4.62
4.67
145
16.1
2.43
3.09
64.2
8.31
269
-------
(u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground refractory
metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.026
0.026
0.804
0.089
0.014
0.017
0.357
0.046
(v) Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed,
surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.50
1.51
46.9
5.20
0.787
1 . 00
20 .8
2.69
(w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/mi:iion off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.656
0.663
20.6
2.28
0.345
0.438
9.11
1.18
270
-------
(x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals product
tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.148
0.149
4.62
0.513
0.078
0.099
2.05
0.266
(y) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. , ,
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or,
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.549
0.236
25.5
2.16
0.262
0.159
11.3
0.957
271
-------
(c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - NSPS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or"
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.53
0.655
70.8
5.99
0.726
0.441
31.4
2.66
(f) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
272
-------
(g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory metals
cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.041
0.018
1.92
0.163
0.020
0.012
0.853
0.072
(h) Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.174
0.075
8.09
0.684
0.083
0.051
3.59
0.303
(i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater
- PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.360
0.155
16.7
1.42
0.172
0.104
7.42
0.627
j) Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
273
-------
(k) Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.498
0.214
23.2
1.96
0.237
0.144
10.3
0.868
(m) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
15.5
6.66
720
60.9
7.38
4.48
320
27.0
(n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.428
0.184
19.9
1.68
0.204
0.124
8.82
0.745
274
-------
(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
10.5
4.49
486
41.1
4.98
3.02
216
18.2
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.810
0.348
37.7
3.19
0.386
0.234
16.7
1.41
(q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.60
0.688
74.4
6.29
0.763
0.463
33.0
2.79
275
-------
(r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.380
0.164
17.7
1.50
0.181
0.110
7.84
0.663
(t) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
3.11
1.34
145
12.2
1.48
0.899
64.2
5.42
(u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.018
0.008
0.803
0.068
0.009
0.005
0.357
0.030
276
-------
(v) Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed,
ground, surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.01
0.433
46.8
3.96
0.480
0.291
20.8
1.76
(w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Source - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.442
0.190
20.6
1.74
0.211
0.128
9 .11
0.770
(x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
product tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.100
0.043
4.62
0.391
0.048
0.029
"2.05
0.173
(y) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
277
-------
SUBPART F: PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium rolled
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.205
0.713
65.1
29.1
0.059
0.098
0.298
28.6
12.9
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
278
-------
(e) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
tag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.021
0.030
0.105
9.59
4.28
0.009
0.015
0.044
4.22
1.90
(f) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
nig/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
(g) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant orMaximum for
pollutant property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
off-lbs) of forged
0.029
0.042
0.146
13.3
5.95
titanium
0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
cooled
279
-------
(i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.012
0.017
0.059
5.33
2.38
0.005
0.008
0.025
2.35
1.06
(j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or ~~~
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.293
0.424
48
1
135
60.1
0.121
0.202
0.616
59.2
26.7
(k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSES
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
280
-------
Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.061
0.088
0.304
27.7
12.4
0.025
0.042
0.127
12.2
5.49
(n) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.847
1.23
4.27
389
174
0.351
0.584
1.78
171
77.1
(o) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
or forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.062
0.090
0.313
28.5
12.8
0.026
0.043
0.131
12.6
5.65
281
-------
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) ot titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.070
0.101
0.351
32.0
14.3
0.029
0.048
0.147
14.1
6.34
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium alkaline cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.080
0.116
0.403
36.8
16.4
0.033
0.055
0 . 169
16. 2
7.29
(r) Molten Salt Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium treated with
molten salt
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.277
0.401
1.40
128
56.8
0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
282
-------
(s) Tumbling Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
0.023
0.033
0.116
10.6
4.70
tumbled
0.010
0.016
0.048
4.63
. 09
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or ground
with emulsions
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.053
0.077
0.267
24.4
10.9
0.022
0.037
0.112
10.7
4.83
(v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
PSES
Pollutant, or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.138
0.200
0.695
63.5
28.3
0.057
0.095
0.291
27.9
12.6
283
-------
(w) Dye Pentrant Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for
pollutant property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off~kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tested usinq
dye penetrant methods "
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.325
0.471
1.64
149
66.7
0.135
0.224
0.683
65.7
29.6
(x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.010
0.014
0.048
4.32
1.93
0.004
0.007
0.020
1.90
0.856
(z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be ho discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
284
-------
Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium rolled
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.205
0.713
65.1
29.1
0.059
0.098
0.298
28.6
12.9
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. :
(d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.021
0.030
0.105
9.59
4.28
0.009
0.015
0.044
4.22
1.90
285
-------
if) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
" TT~""iiae
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
(g) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
with water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million
off-lbs) of forged
0.029
0.042
0.146
13.3
5.95
titanium
0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
cooled
(i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.012
0.017
0.059
5.33
2.38
0.005
0.008
0.025
2.35
1.06
286
-------
(j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.293
0.424
1.48
135
60.1
0.121
0.202
0.616
59.2
26.7
(k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of process
wastewater pollutants.
(m) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.061
0.088
0.304
27.7
12.4
0.025
0.042
0.127
12.2
5.49
287
-------
(n) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.847
1.23
4.27
389.
174.
0.351
0.584
1.78
171.
77.1
(o) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
or forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.062
0.090
0.313
28.5
12.8
0.026
0.043
0.131
12.6
5.65
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) ot titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.070
0.101
0.351
32.0
14.3
0.029
0.048
0.147
14.1
6.34
288
-------
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
0.
0.
0.
36.
16.
080
116
403
8
4
alkaline
0
0
0
16
7
.033
.055
.169
.2
. 29
cleaned
(r) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium treated with
molten salt
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.277
0.401
1.40
128
56.8
0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
(s) Tumbling Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tumbled
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.023
0.033
0.116
10.6
4.70
0.010
0.016
0.048
4.63
2.09
289
-------
(t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or around
with emulsions
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.053
0.077
0.267
24.4
10.9
0.022
0.037
0.112
10.7
4.83
(v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed pr ground
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.138
0.200
0.695
63.5
28.3
0.057
0.095
0.291
27.9
12.6
290
-------
(wj Dye Pentrant Testing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
dye penetrant methods
Cyanide ;
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of
0.325
0.471
1 . 64
149
66.7
Maximum for
monthly average
titanium treated
0.135
0.224
0.683
65.7
29 .6
using
(x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.010
0.014
0.048
4.32
1.93
0.004
0.007
0.020
1.90
0.856
(z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
291
-------
SUBPART G: PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water -
PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium extruded
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.007
0.013
0.044
0.010
0.019
2.05
0.173
0.003
0.005
0.021
0.005
0.013
0,908
0.077
(c) Heat Treatment 'Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
jfo-Liutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
off~lbs) of -extruded or forged uranium
0.006
0.012
0.040
0.009
0.017
1.86
0.158
0.003
0.005
0.019
0.004
0.012
0.827
0.070
292
-------
Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
off-lbs) of uranium
0.006
0.010
0.035
0.008
0.015
1.62
0.137
surface treated
0.002
0.004
0.017
0.004
0.010
0.718
0.061
(f) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
of uranium
0.068
0.125
0.432
0.095
0.186
20.1
1.70
surface treated
: ;, 0.027
0.051
0.206
0.044
0.125
8. 90
0.752
293
-------
(g) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.0007
0.001
0.005
0.001
0.002
0.208
0.018
0.0003
0 . 0005
0.002
0.0005
0.001
0 . 092
0.008
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawer or around
with emulsions
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.001
0.002
0.007
0.002
0.003
0.338
0.029
0.0005
0.0009
0.004
0.0008
0.002
0.150
0.013
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.033
0.061
0.211
0.046
0.091
9.82
0.830
0.013
0.025
0.101
0.022
0.061
4.36
0.368
294
-------
(j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground uranium
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.003
0.277
0.024
0.0004
0.0007
0.003
0.0006
0.002
0.123
0.011
(k) Area Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.009
0.016
0.055
0.012
0.024
2.56
0.216
0.004
0.007
0.026
0.006
0.016
1.14
0.096
(1) Drum Washwater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.009
0.017
0.057
0.013
0.025
2.64
0.223
0.004
0.007
0.027
0.006
0.017
1.17
0.099
295
-------
(m) Laundry Washwater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
rag/employee - day
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Maximum for
any one day
5.24
9.70
33.6
7.34
14.4
1,560
132
Maximum for
monthly average
210
3. 93
16.0
3 41
9 70
692
58.4
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART H: PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE ZINC
FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.0005
0.002
0.0003
0.002
0.0002
0.0009
0.0001
0.0006
296
-------
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.020
0.069
0.011
0.055
0.008
0.033
0.004
0.023
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc drawn with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.002
0.008
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.004
0.0005
0.003
(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast by the direct
chill method
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.019
0.065
0.010
0.052
0.008
0.031
0.004
0.021
(f) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants. .
297
-------
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc heat treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.029
0.098
0.016
0.078
0.012
0.047
0.006
0.032
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.033
0.114
0.018
0.091
0.014
0.054
0.007
0.038
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surfact treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.133
0.459
0.072
0.365
0.054
0.219
0.029
0.151
298
-------
Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.002
0.005
0.0007
0.004
0.0006
0.002
0.0003
0.002
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.626
2.17
0.338
1.73
0.254
1.03
0.135
0.710
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc sawed or ground
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.009
0.031
0.005
0.025
0.004
0.015
0.002
0.010
299
-------
(m) Electrocoating Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc electrocoated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
0.085
0.293
0.046
0.234
0.035
0.140
0.019
0.096
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
SUBPART I: PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
300
-------
(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.104
0.069
0.455
31.6
14.1
0.043
0.029
0.301
13.9
6.26
(e) Swaging Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSES :
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.015
0.010
0.066
4.57
2.04
0.006
0.004
0.044
2.01
0.906
(g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
301
-------
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.150
0.099
0.653
45.3
20.3
0.061
0.041
0.432
20.0
8.98
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.391
0.258
1.71
119
52.9
0.160
0.107
1.13
52.1
23.5
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.704
0.464
3.07
214
95.2
0.288
0.192
2.03
93.8
42.3
302
-------
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
1.38
0.911
6.03
419
187
0.565
0.377
3.99
184
82.9
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed
or ground with emulsions ,
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.124
0.082
0.540
37.5
16.7
0.051
0.034
0.357
16.50
7.42
(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
There shall be no allowance for the discharge of
process wastewater pollutants.
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
303
-------
(o) Degreasing Rinse - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium rinsed
following molten salt treatment
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.333
0.220
1.45
101
45.0
0.136
0.091
0.960
44.3
20.0
(q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off~kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed or
ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.093
0.617
42.8
19.1
0.058
0.039
0.408
18.8
8.48
304
-------
(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum -for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground zirconium-
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.079
0.052
0.346
24.0
10.7
0.033
0.022
0.229
10.6
4.75
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.007
0.005
0.030
2.06
0.917
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.903
0.407
305
-------
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.104
0.069
0.455
31.6
14.1
0.043
0.029
0.301
13.9
6.26
(e) Swaging Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
306
-------
(f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.015
0.010
0.066
4.57
2.04
0.006
0.004
0.044
2.01
0.906
(g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Maximum for
any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.150
0.099
0.653
45.3
20.3
0.061
0.041
0.432
20.0
8.98
307
-------
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
off-lbs) of
0
0
1
119
52
.391
.258
.71
.9
zirconium-hafnium
0.
0.
1.
52.
23.
160
107
13
1
5
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
off-lbs) of
0.704
0.464
3.07
214
95.2
zirconium-hafnium
0.288
0.192
2.03
93.8
42.3
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
1.38
0.911
6.03
419
187
0,565
0.377
99
3
184
82.9
308
-------
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.124
0.082
0.540
37.5
16.7
0.051
0.034
0.357
16.50
7.42
(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSNS
There shall be no allowance for the discharge
process wastewater pollutants.
of
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(o) Degreasing Rinse - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium rinsed
following molten salt treatment
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.333
0.220
1.45
101
45.0
0.136
0.091
0.960
44.3
20.0
309
-------
(q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed or
ground with contact cooling water ,
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.093
0.617
42.8
19.1
0.058
0.039
0.408
18.8
8.48
(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground zirconium-
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.079
0.052
0.346
24.0
10.7
0.033
0.022
0.229
10.6
4.75
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be- no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
310
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(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.007
0.005
0.030
2.06
0.917
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.903
0.407
SUBPART J: PRETRATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
9.58
1.46
2.12
5.040
0.605
1,01
(b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(c) Sizing Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
0.028
0.004
0.006
0.015
0.002
0.003
311
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(d) Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
1.51
0.230
0.333
0.792
0.095
0.159
(f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
8.36
1.28
1.85
4.40
0.528
0.880
(g) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
312
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Sa-wing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsions
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
0.035
0.005
0.008
0.018
0.002
0.004
(i) Sawing ox Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
3.08
0.470
0.681
1.62
0.195
0.324
(j) Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
16.7
2.55
3.70
8.80
1.06
1.76
313
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(k) Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
15.0
2.29
3.32
7.90
0.948
1.58
(1) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
9.58
1.46
2.12
5.04
0.605
1.01
(b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
314
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(c) Sizing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/of f-kg
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
(Ib/million
off-lbs) of powder sized
0.028
0.004
0.006
0.015
0.002
0.003
(d) Oil-Resin. Impregnation Wastewater - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(e) Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
0.151
0.023
0.033
0.079
0.010
0.016
(f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for .
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/raillion off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
0.836
0.128
0.185
0.440
0.053
0.088
315
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(g) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsions
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
0.035
0.005
0.008
0.018
0.002
0.004
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
3.08
0.470
0.681
1.620
0.195
0.324
316
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Hot Pressing (Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
1.67
0.-255
0.370
0.880
0.106
0.176
(k) Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
15.0
2.29
3.32
7.90
0.948
1.58
(1) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS
There shall be no discharge of process wastewater
pollutants.
317
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
LEGAL AUTHORITY
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
established a comprehensive program to "restore and maintain the
chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation s
waters^" unde? Section 101(a). By July I,", existing indus-
trial dischargers were required to achieve "effluent limitations
requiring the application of the best practicable control tech-
nology currently available" (BPT), under Section 301(b)(1)(A);
and by July 1, 1983, these dischargers were required to achieve
"effluent limitations requiring the application of the best
available technology economically achievable . . . which will
result in reasonable further progress toward the national goal of
efiminating the discharge of all pollutants" (BAT), under Section
301(b)(2)(A). New industrial direct dischargers were required to
comply with Section 306 new source performance standards (NSPS),
bSsed on best available demonstrated technology; existing and new
dischargers to publicly owned treatment works (POTW) were subject
to pretreJtment standards under Sections 307(b) (PSES) and (c)
(PSNS) respectively, of the Act. While the requirements for
direct' dIsSha?gerS were to be incorporated into National Pollu-
tant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued under
Section 402 of the Act, pretreatment standards were made enforce-
able directly against discharges to a POTW (indirect discharg-
ers) .
Although Section 402(a)(l) of the 1972 Act authorized the setting
of NPDES permit requirements for direct dischargers on a case-by-
case basiS, Congress intended that, for the most part, control
requirements would be based on regulations promulgated by the
Administrator of EPA. Section 304(b) of the Act required the
Administrator to promulgate regulations providing guidelines for
effluent limitations setting forth the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable through the application of BPT and BAT. More-
over, Sections 304(c) and.306 of the Act required promulgation of
regulations for new sources (NSPS); and Sections 304(f), 307(b),
and 307(c) required promulgation of regulations for pretreatment
standards In addition to these regulations for designated
industry categories, Section 307(a) of the Act required the
Administrator to promulgate effluent standards applicable to all
dischargers of toxic pollutants. Finally, Section 301(a) of the
Act authorized the Administrator to prescribe any additional
regulations "necessary to carry out his functions" under the Act.
EPA was unable to promulgate many of these regulations by the
dates contained in the Act. In 1976, EPA was sued by several
environmental groups and in settlement of this lawsuit, EPA and
the plaintiffs executed a "Settlement Agreement," which was
approved by the Court. This Agreement required EPA to develop a
319
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program^ and adhere to a schedule for promulgating 21 major
industries' BAT effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment
standards, and new source performance standards for 65 "priority"
pollutants and classes of pollutants. See Settlement Agreement
in Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Train, 8 ERC 2120
(D.D.C. 1976), modified 12 ERC 1833 (D.D.C. 1979), and modified
by October 26, 1982, August 2, 1983, and January 6, 1984.
On December 27, 1977, the President signed into law amendments to
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (P.L. 95-217). The Act,
as amended, is commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act.
Although this Act makes several important changes in the federal
water pollution control program, its most significant feature is
its incorporation of several of the basic elements of the Settle-
ment Agreement program for toxic pollution control. Sections
301(b)(2)(A) and 301(b)(2)(C) of the Act now require the achieve-
ment, by July 1, 1984, of effluent limitations requiring applica-
tion of BAT for toxic pollutants, including the 65 priority pol-
lutants and classes of pollutants (the same priority pollutants
as listed in Natural Resources Defense Council v. Train), which
Congress declared toxic under Section 307(a) of the Act. Like-
wise, EPA's programs for new source performance standards and
pretreatment standards are now aimed principally at control of
these toxic pollutants. Moreover, to strengthen the toxics con-
trol program, Congress added Section 304(e) to the Act, authoriz-
ing the Administrator to prescribe "best management practices"
(BMPs) to prevent the release of toxic and hazardous pollutants
from plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste dis-
posal, and drainage from raw material storage associated with, or
ancillary to, the manufacturing or treatment process.
The 1977 Amendments added Section 301(b)(2)(E) to the Act estab-
lishing "best conventional pollutant control technology" (BCT)
for discharges of conventional pollutants from existing indus-
trial point sources. Conventional pollutants are those mentioned
specifically in Section 304(a)(4) (biochemical oxygen demanding
pollutants (BODS), total suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliform,
and_ ^pH), and any additional pollutants defined by the
Administrator as "conventional." (To date, the Agency has added
one such pollutant, oil and grease, 44 FR 44501, July 30, 1979.)
DATA COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION
EPA gathered and evaluated technical data in the course of devel-
oping these guidelines in order to perform the following tasks:
To profile the category with regard to the production,
manufacturing processes, geographical distribution,
potential wastewater streams, and discharge mode of
nonferrous metals forming plants.
1.
2.
To subcategorize, if necessary, in order to permit
regulation of the nonferrous metals forming category in
an equitable and manageable way. This was done by
320
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taking all of the factors mentioned above plus Others
into account.
3 TO characterize wastewater, detailing water use, waste-
rJSif^s^^aiir^ss.s.T.^srs--
from nonferrous metals forming processes.
4 TO select pollutant parametersthose toxic, conven-
tional? and nonconventional pollutants present at signi-
ficant concentrations in wastewater streams-that should
be considered for regulation.
5 TO consider control and treatment technologies and
select alternative methods for reducing pollutant
discharges in this category.
6 To consider the costs of implementing the alternative
control and treatment technologies.
7. To present possible regulatory alternatives.
Sources of Industry Data
to nrooosal, data on the nonferrous metals forming category
"questing specific information concerning
Finally, a sampling program was carried out at
xa ^ars1^^.^! s=S
Water
facility.
The
under
Act, and
> ^
321
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In
fil
i ??ency requested data to support comments on the
9U ?o10? a?d n°tice °f availability from 10 companies?
P f W6re re^uested to submit analytical data
raW WaSte streams- A11 additional information
since Pr°P°sal which arrived in a timely manner and all
in preparing
?ffortf Prior to Proposal are discussed in detail
prosal iS°diS£;ged?he8e discussions' ^ collection since
Literature Review. EPA reviewed and evaluated existing litera-
^fL. °r .^ground information to clarify and defini various
aspects of the nonferrous metals forming category and to deter-
mine general characteristics and trends in production processes
and wastewater treatment technology. Review of current litera-
ture continued throughout the development of these guidelines.
Existing Data Review. Information related to nonferrous metals
rorming processes, wastewater, and wastewater treatment technol-
«f?ho?a| ^P1^ nfrom a number of sources. Technical data
fnnh f H, n development of guidelines for related categories,
such as the aluminum forming, copper forming, metal finishing,
nonferrous^ metals manufacturing, electroplating, and battery
R?S mC*2rt?9 ^egones^ were reviewed and incorporated into
this guideline, where applicable.
Frequent contact has been maintained with industry personnel.
Contributions from these sources were particularly useful for
clarifying differences in production processes.
and Evaluation. The nonferrous metals forming
plants were surveyed to gather information regarding plant size
age and production, the production processes used, Ld the luan-
tity, treatment, and disposal of wastewater generated at these
A listing of plants believed to be in the nonferrous metals form-
ate9°ry was compiled from a Dun and Bradstreet computer
Publicftions and telephone contacts with various trade
h ns4. believed to represent parts of the industry, thj
Thomas Register, and telephone contacts with commodity special-
t^nt-,'?^ ^S BU.eaU °f Mines' These sources resulted in the
inSoi^103 P°f aPPr°ximately 1,000 plants as being possibly
engaged in nonferrous metals forming activities. The SIC codes
^ ^73356A Rollin^ Dewing, Extruding of NonL??ouI '
Kf«n?} - Drawing and Insulating Nonferrous Wire; (3)
Nonferrous Forgings; and (4) 3497: Metal, Foil, and Leaf .
A comprehensive telephone survey was undertaken in order to
determine which plants should comprise a final mailing list?
i;»«n4. £ u°rcn°^ nonferrous metals forming operations were
present at each of the plants on the original list. During the
telephone survey, questions we're asked concerning what metals are
322
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a particular plant, the type of forming operations
operations are utilized and their associated water usage, dis-
charge, and treatment-in-place. At the conclusion of the tele
nhone survey, many of the plants on the original list were deter-
mined not to be within the scope of the nonferrous metals forming
category.
A list of those plants believed to be a part of the category was
then compiled in preparation for dcp distribution. The results
of the telephone survey are documented in the administrative
record for this rulemaking.
The Agency mailed 377 data collection portfolios to companies
believed to be in the nonferrous metals forming category. These
377 tos were sent out under the authority of Section 308 of the
Clean Water Act to companies on the mailing list. The dcps were
sent to the corporate office of each company and addressed to the
Signes? rank?ng corporate official which could be identified.
The dcp instructions clearly stated that the portfolio was to be
completed for each facility operated by that company which had
operations wSich are defined in the instructions to be nonferrous
metals forming.
Atjoroximately 95 percent of the companies responded to the
sS?vey in many cases, companies contacted did not conduct
operations covered by the nonferrous metals forming category as
it is defined by the Agency. Where firms had nonferrous metals
forming operations at more than one location, a dcp was returned
for each plant. A total of 294 dcps applicable to the nonferrous
metals forming category were returned. In cases where the dcp
responses were^ incomplete or unclear, additional information was
requested by telephone or letter.
The dcp responses were interpreted individually, and the follow-
ing data were recorded for future reference and evaluation:
- Company name, plant address, and name of the contact
listed .in the dcp.
- Metal types formed at the plant.
- Plant discharge status as direct (to surface water),
indirect (to POTW) , or zero discharge by metal type.
- Production process streams present at the plant, as well
as associated flow rates; production rates? operating
hours; wastewater treatment, reuse, or disposal methods;
and the quantity and nature of process chemicals used.
- Plant age and number of employees.
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- Availability of pollutant monitoring data provided by the
plant.
i i
The summary listing of this information provided a consistent
systematic method of evaluating and summarizing the dcp
responses. In addition, procedures were developed to simplify
subsequent analyses. The procedures developed had the follbwino
capabilities: y
- Selection and listing of plants containing specific pro-
duction process streams or treatment technologies.
- Summation of the number of plants containing specific
process streams and treatment combinations.
- Calculation of the percent recycle present for specific
streams and summation of the number of plants recycling
this stream within various percent recycle ranges.
- Calculation of annual production values associated with
each process stream and summation of the number of plants
with these process streams having production values'
within various ranges.
- Calculation of water use and blowdown from individual
process streams.
The calculated information and summaries were important and fre-
quently used in the development of this guideline. Summaries
were used in the category profile, evaluation of subcategoriza-
tion, and analysis of in-place treatment and control technolo-
gies. Calculated information was used in the determination of
water use and discharge values for the conversion of pollutant
concentrations to mass loadings.
! '
After proposal, additional data were provided in dcps received
from 41 plants that had not responded before proposal or that
were identified after proposal. Twenty-nine plants which
submitted dcps before proposal were recontacted to clarify
information supplied in the dcps. Two plants were identified
after publication of the notice of availability. Process and
wastewater treatment data for these two plants were obtained by
telephone conversations and follow-up letters.
Discharge Monitoring Reports. To supplement existing data
regarding treatment-in-place and the long-term performance of
that treatment, the Agency collected discharge monitoring report
(DMR) data from state and EPA Regional offices for direct dis-
chargers. DMR data are self-monitoring data supplied by permit
holders to meet state or EPA permit requirements. These data
were available from 17 nonferrous metals forming plants; however,
the data vary widely in character and nature due to the dissimi-
lar nature of the monitoring and reporting requirements placed on
nonferrous metals forming plants by the NPDES permit issuing
authority. DMR data from plants with lime and settle treatment
324
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were used as a check on the.achievability of the treatment effec-
tiveness values used to establish the limitations and standards.
Engineering Site Visits and Sampling Trips. In addition to the
above data soUEces"; pTTor to proposal, EPA sampled 17 nonferrous
metals forming plants. After proposal EPA visited and sampled
nine nonferrous forming plants. Plant visits were made to sample
treated and untreated wastewater and to gather additional
information on manufacturing processes, wastewater flows, and
wastewater treatment technologies and associated costs. _Samples
were collected at these 17 plants in order to characterize the
wastewaters from the various nonferrous metals forming manufac-
turing operations and to characterize the performance^ existing
treatment systems. The 17 plants selected for sampling practice
some combination of hot rolling, cold rolling, drawing,
extrusion, forging, tube reducing, cladding, metal powder
production and powder metallurgy, as well as the associated
operations of casting, heat treatment, surface _treatment,
alkaline cleaning, sawing, grinding, tumbling, burnishing, and
product testing. These plants were chosen for sampling because
the flow rates and pollutant concentrations in the wastewaters
discharged from their manufacturing operations are representative
of the flow :rates and pollutant concentrations of wastewaters
generated by similar operations at other plants in the nonferrous
metals forming industry.
In addition, EPA requested that 49 plants submit analytical data
on specific raw waste streams. Twenty-four plants provided these
data and 19 plants provided samples which were subsequently
analyzed by EPA's contract laboratory. Three plants responded
that they were no longer forming the metal for which information
was requested, or their production schedule did not include this
metal within the t'imeframe of the request. Three plants reported
that they did not actually generate the waste stream for which
information was requested. In all, the Agency received
analytical data for 51 waste streams for which wastewater
characteristic data were not previously available.
Utilization of Industry Data
Data from the previously listed sources were used to develop BPT
and BAT limitations and NSPS and pretreatment standards as
described in this document. Subcategorization of the nonferrous
metals forming category, described in Section IV, was based on
information obtained from previous EPA studies, the technical
literature and our own sampling data. Sampling results were used
to determine raw wastewater characteristics, presented in Section
V, and to select pollutant parameters for control, as described
in Section VI. After determining the pollutants requiring
control' and the concentrations at which they are commonly found,
applicable treatment technologies were identified. The applica-
bility of wastewater treatment technologies currently in use at
nonferrous metals forming plants (reported in dcps and observed
at sampled plants) was especially considered. These technologies
are described in Section VII. Section VIII describes the method
325
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used to estimate the cost of various treatment technology
options. The cost estimates were based on data from the tech-
nical literature and from equipment manufacturers. Finally, data
from dcps and sampling, along with estimated treatment system
performance, were used to develop the limitations and standards
described in Sections IX, X, XI, XII, and XIII of this document.
The data were used first to select treatment technologies appli-
cable to the category and then to calculate achievable effluent
pollutant concentrations for each subcategory.
I
DESCRIPTION OF THE NONFERROUS METALS FORMING CATEGORY
The nonferrous metals forming category is generally included
within SIC 3356, 3357, 3463, and 3497 of the Standard Industrial
Classification Manual, prepared in 1972 by the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget, Executive Office of the'President. These SIC
codes are: (1) 3356: Rolling, Drawing, Extruding of Nonferrous
Metals; (2) 3357: Drawing and Insulating Nonferrous Wire; (3)
3463: Nonferrous Forgings; and (4) 3497: Metal, Foil, and Leaf.
The category includes establishments engaged in the forming of
nonferrous metals and their alloys, except for copper and alumi-
num for which separate regulations have been promulgated [40 CFR
Part 468 (48 FR 36942, August 15, 1983), 40 CFR Part 467 (48 FR
49126, October 24, 1983)] and beryllium. Beryllium alloy forming
was included in the nonferrous metals forming category when the
regulation was proposed, but was not included in the final
regulation.
Casting of nonferrous metals is included in this category when it
is performed as an integral part of the nonferrous metals forming
process. Casting of parts is included in the metal molding and
casting category [40 CFR Part 464 (proposed at 47 FR 51512 on
November 15, 1982)]. Casting which is an integral part of a
nonferrous metals smelting and refining operation is included in
the nonferrous metals manufacturing category [40 CFR Part 421
(nonferrous metals manufacturing phase I, promulgated at 49 FR
8742 on March 8, 1984; nonferrous metals manufacturing phase II,
proposed at 49 FR 26352 on June 27, 1984)].
For the purpose of this regulation, nonferrous metal has been
defined as any pure metal other than iron, copper, or aluminum;
or metal alloy for which a metal other than iron, copper, or
aluminum is its major constituent by weight. Alloys are consid-
ered as only one metal type. The metal type of any particular
alloy is defined to be the metal that is the major component in
percent by weight. Thus, an alloy which is 53 percent lead and
47 percent zinc is considered as lead, and an alloy which is 40
percent nickel, 35 percent zinc, and 25 percent tin is consid-
ered as nickel. Forming of an alloy which is greater than 50
percent iron, copper, or aluminum is not'included in the cate-
gory. The above definition is applicable for all metals except
beryllium and precious metals alloys. Beryllium alloys are
defined as any nonferrous metal alloy in which beryllium is
present at 0.1 or greater percent by weight.
326
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Alloys are considered precious metal alloys when the precious
metal is present at 30 or greater percent by weight. Any alloy of
a precious metal and another nonferrous metal, where the precious
metal is present at 30 or greater percent by weight, is included
in the precious metals subcategory.
Use of the term "metal" throughout this document is not meant to
imply pure metals only. "Metal" means any substance having
metallic properties, including alloys composed of two or more
chemical elements, of which at least one is an elemental metal.
Thus "copper" means copper and its alloys (brass, bronze, nickel
silver, beryllium copper, etc.); "iron" means iron and its alloys
(including steel, an alloy of iron and carbon), and so forth.
Forming is the deformation of a metal into specific shapes by hot
or cold working. The major forming operations include rolling
(both hot and cold), extruding, forging, and drawing. Minor
forming operations included in the category are cladding, tube
reducing, swaging, and metal powder production. Ancillary
operations performed as an integral part of the forming process
are also included in the category. These operations include
casting for subsequent forming, heat treatment, surface treat-
ment, surface coating, alkaline cleaning, solvent degreasing,
product testing, and wet air pollution controls on forming
operations and the associated operations. Iron, copper, and
aluminum powder manufacturing and forming of parts from metal
powders as well as any associated ancillary operations (listed
above), are covered under the nonferrous metals forming category,
although the other forming operations for these metals are
covered under separate regulations (Iron and Steel, 40 CFR Part
420; Copper Forming, 40 CFR Part 468; 1983; and Aluminum Forming,
40 CFR Part 467). Metal powder'production processes included^ in
this category' include metal powder production such as milling,
abrading or atomizing. This category does not include the
production of metal powders by chemical means such as
precipitation. The production of metal powders by chemical means
may be regulated under the inorganic chemicals manufacturing
regulation, 40 CFR'Part 415. The production of metal powder as
the final step in refining metal is regulated under the
nonferrous metals manufacturing regulation, 40 CFR Part 421.
Casting of nonferrous metals is considered a nonferrous metals
forming' operation when performed as an integral part of the
nonferrous metals forming process and located at the same plant
site at which nonferrous metals are formed. This includes shot-
casting and casting of billets, ingots, bars, and strip which are
subsequently formed on-site. Casting of lead which is subse-
quently rolled and fabricated into battery cases is regulated
under this category and under battery manufacturing 40 CFR Part
461. However,, the limitations for this casting operation are the
same in each category.
Surface treatment of nonferrous metal includes any chemical or
electrochemical treatment applied to the surface of the metal.
Surface treatment of nonferrous metals is considered to be an
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integral part of nonferrous metals forming whenever it is
performed at the same plant site at which nonferrous metals are
formed. Wastewater discharges covered by the nonferrous metals
forming point source category, as delineated above, are not
subject to regulation under 40 CFR Part 413 (electroplating) or
40 CPR Part 433 (metal finishing).
Historical
The nonferrous metals forming category covers forming operations
performed on 30 metals. Nine of these metals have been excluded
from this regulation. These metal types are listed in Table III-
1, They are excluded from regulation because, according to
information reported in dcps, they are not formed on a produc-
tion scale in the United States or because the forming operations
performed on them do not discharge wastewater. As previously
discussed, the forming of beryllium alloys will be covered under
another regulation. The 21 nonferrous metal types that are
covered under this regulation are listed in Table III-2.
Employment data are given in the dcp responses for 280 plants (84
percent of the plants Known to be engaged in nonferrous metals
forming). These plants report a total of 39,000 workers in
nonferrous metals forming. At an average plant 117 employees are
engaged in nonferrous metals forming. The employment distribu-
tion of nonferrous metals forming workers at 280 plants is: 31
percent employ fewer than 25 people in nonferrous metals forming
operations; 71 percent employ fewer than 100 people in this
capacity; and 96 percent employ fewer than 500 people.
Nonferrous metals forming plants are not limited to any one geo-
graphical location. As shown in Figure III-l, plants are found
throughout most of the United States, but the ma-jority are
located(east of the Mississippi River. Population density is not
a limiting factor in plant location. Nonferrous metals forming
plants tend to be more common in urban areas, but they are
frequently found in rural areas as well.
The majority of the nonferrous metals forming plants (72 percent)
that reported the age of their facility indicated they were built
since 1954. Table III-3 shows the age distribution of nonferrous
metals forming plants according to their classification
direct, indirect, and zero discharge type.
as
Product Description
Nonferrous metals are formed by a variety of operations,
described in the second half of this section. The product of one
operation is often the starting material for a subsequent opera-
tion, _ as shown in Figure III-2. Cast ingots and billets are the
starting point for making sheet and plate, extrusions, and forg-
ings, as well as rod, for use in drawing operations. Rolled
sheet and plate can be used as stock for stampings, can blanks,
and roll formed products; as finished products in building, and
aircraft construction; or as foil. Extrusions can be used as raw
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stock for forging and drawing; or can be sold as final products,
such as beams or extruded tubing. Forgings are either sold as
consumer products or used as parts in the production of
machinery, aircraft, and engines.
Products manufactured by nonferrous metals forming operations
qenerally serve as stock for subsequent fabricating operations.
Because the 21 metals included in this category have_a wide range
of physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties, they are
Ssed in a wide range of fabricated products. The forming and
associated operations in common use for a particular metal depend
on what is possible, given the physical properties of the metal,
and what is required for a specific application. For example:
- Bismuth has a low melting point and thus is rolled into
strip for use in fuses. When alloyed with lead, tin,
or cadmium, it is also extruded and drawn into solder
wire.
- Cobalt :is often alloyed with nickel, and is formed by the
same method used to form steels. It is used for applica-
tions requiring strength and corrosion resistance at high
temperatures, such as turbine blades.
- Hafnium is formed into control rods for nuclear reactors
because of its special properties.
- Lead is extruded and swaged into bullets because it is
dense and inexpensive. When alloyed with tin, bismuth,
and cadmium, it is extruded into solder, an application
which makes use of its low melting point. Lead is formed
into cases for automobile batteries because of its elec-
trochemical properties and because it is inexpensive.
- Magnesium is extruded into cases for batteries used in
portable communications equipment. The application takes
advantage of the metal's electrochemical properties and
light weight.
- Nickel is often alloyed with chrome and iron to make
stainless steel alloys,'many greater than 50 percent
nickel. It is formed by all major forming operations and
is used in applications requiring high strength and
corrosion resistance at high temperatures, such as tubing
for steam and gas turbines and in jet engines.
- Precious metals (silver, gold, platinum, and palladium)
are corrosion-resistant and good electrical conductors.
Because of their expense, they are often used as a thin
layer clad to a layer of base metal (usually copper or
nickel) which is rolled into strip and stamped into
electrical contacts. Pure and clad precious metals are
also drawn to wire used to fabricate jewelry. The
corrosion resistance of precious metals makes them useful
in dentistry.
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- Refractory metals (columbium, molybdenum, rhenium, tanta-
lum, tungsten, and vanadium) must be formed at high tem-
peratures (relative to other metals) or as powders
because they have melting points above 1,960C. Their
unique properties make them useful for specialized appli-
cations. Columbium is used as a structural material in
nuclear reactors. Molybdenum is drawn into semiconductor
wires. Although rhenium can be cold worked there are no
common uses and very little production of formed rhenium.
Tantalum is used in very small capacitors and heat trans-
fer and furnace equipment. Tungsten finds wide applica-
tion ^ as filaments for electric light bulbs. As tungsten
carbide it is used in cutting tools and abrasives because
of its extreme hardness.
- Tin is used in solder, usually alloyed with lead.
- Titanium, used in aerospace applications because of its
high_strength and light weight, is formed by all major
forming techniques. It is also used for corrosion-
resistant hardware and surgical implants.
- Uranium, when composed of 0.2 to 0.3 percent 235U (the
fissionable isotope), remainder 238U, is called
depleted uranium. This material is extruded into armor
piercing projectiles because it is extremely dense.
Zinc is light-weight and corrosion-resistant. It is
rolled into sheet for architectural uses and stamped into
penny blanks. Its chemical properties make it useful for
battery cases and lithographic plates.
- Zirconium is used to clad nuclear fuel rods in water
cooled reactors and as a construction material in
chemical plants because of its high melting point and
corrosion resistance. It is extruded into tubes and
rolled into plate and sheet.
Some forming operations are more commonly used on some metals
than others. For instance, 72 percent of plants which form lead,
tin, or bismuth extrude these metals, but only 8.3 percent of
lead forming plants forge (swage) the metal. Casting is not
common at refractory metals plants (26 percent of the plants) but
powder metallurgy is (79 percent of the plants). Precious metals
are commonly rolled (67 percent) and drawn (53 percent), but less
commonly extruded (16 percent).
Production of formed nonferrous metal products is tabulated in
Table III-4. Production varies widely, from as little as two and
a half million pounds of cobalt to 391 million pounds of lead
products formed in 1981. Approximately 234 million pounds of
iron, steel, copper, and aluminum powders and parts made from
powder were produced in 1981. Reported production of formea
nonferrous metals at individual plant sites ranged from 12 kg (27
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pounds) to almost 23 million kg (51 million pounds) during 1981.
Wastewater Generation and Treatment
One hundred seventy-six plants indicated that no wastewater ^from
nonferrous metals forming operations is discharged to either
surface waters or a POTW. Of the remaining 158 plants, 37 dis-
charge an effluent from nonferrous metals forming directly to
surface waters, while 121 discharge indirectly, sending
nonferrous metals forming effluent through a POTW. The volume of
nonferrous metals forming wastewater discharged by plants in this
category ranges from 0 to 893 million liters per year (0 to 236
million gallons per year). The mean volume is approximately 28.1
million liters per year (7.42 million gallons per year) for those
plants having discharges. Only 102 of the discharging plants
provided enough information to calculate the volume of wastewater
discharged. Of these 102 plants, 18 percent discharge less than
38,000 liters per year (10,000 gallons per year); 36 percent
discharge less than 380,000 liters per year (100,000 gallons per
year); 70 percent discharge less than 3,800,000 liters per year
(1,000,000 gallons per year); and 90 percent discharge less than
38,000,000 liters per year (10,00,000 gallons per year). There
is no correlation between overall water use and total nonferrous
metals production for a plant as a whole. However, correlations
can be developed between water use or wastewater discharge and
production on a process basis, as discussed in Section V.
Approximately 44 percent of the plants reported some form of
treatment of wastewater from nonferrous metals forming processes.
The most common forms of wastewater treatment are pH adjustment,
clarification, and gravity oil separation (skimming). Recircu-
lation, including in-line filtration and cooling towers, is
frequently used to control the volume of wastewater generated.
Other flow reduction techniques demonstrated, include countercur-
rent cascade and spray rinsing. Oily wastes are separated into
oil and water .fractions by emulsion breaking using heat or chemi-
cals. Gravity separation is frequently used to separate neat oil
and broken emulsions' from the water fraction. The oil portion is
usually removed by a contractor, although some plants dispose of
it by land application or incineration. Wastewater treatment
sludges generally are not thickened, but are disposed of without
treatment; however, vacuum and pressure filters, centrifuges, and
drying beds are occasionally used. Sludge disposal methods
include landfill and contractor removal. Disposal of wastewater
is being accomplished by discharge to surface waters or a POTW,
by contractor removal, or by land application (lagoons and septic
tanks).
DESCRIPTION OF NONFERROUS METALS FORMING PROCESSES
In the remainder of this section, nonferrous metal forming_opera-
tions and operations associated with nonferrous metal forming are
described in detail. In these descriptions, particular emphasis
is placed on the use of water and generation of wastewater. The
major nonferrous metals forming operations covered under this
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guideline include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rolling, drawing, extruding and forging of nonferrous
metals other than copper, aluminum, and beryllium;
Cladding of any metals other than iron, copper,
aluminum, and beryllium to any base metal (including
iron, steel, copper, aluminum, and beryllium);
Production of powders of all metals except beryllium
(including iron, copper, and aluminum) by mechanical
methods or atomization; and
Manufacture of parts from powders of all metals except
beryllium (including iron, copper, and aluminum).
Nonferrous metal forming operations which are associated with the
above operations are also included in this category. These
include:
1. Casting of nonferrous metals for subsequent forming;
2. Heat treatment;
3. Chemical surface treatments (acid, caustid, chromate,
molten salt, electrocoating);
4. Chemical cleaning (alkaline);
5. Degreasing;
6. Mechanical surface treatments (machining, grinding,
polishing, tumbling, burnishing);
7. Sawing;
8. Product testing; and
9. Other operations generating wastewater.
Water is used in forming of nonferrous metals to achieve desired
metal characteristics such as tensile strength, malleability,
hardness, and specific surface characteristics. Water can be
used_ without_additives, as in contact cooling and rinsing; in
combination with soaps and oils, as in lubricating various opera-
tions; and in combination with other chemicals, as in surface
treatment and cleaning operations; Water is used in vapor form
to steam clean and surface treat some metals and as a high pres-
sure jet in the production of metal powders by atomization. In
addition to its use in applications which directly affect metal
properties, water is used in cleaning nonferrous metal forming
plants and equipment and in devices used to control air pollution
generated during forming. A tally of wastewater sources in the
nonferrous metals forming industry is presented in Section V.
Regulatory flow allowances for waste streams under BPT/.BAT,
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NSPS, and pretreatment standards are presented and discussed in
Sections IX, X, XI, XII, and XIII, respectively.
EPA recognizes that plants sometimes combine wastewater from
nonferrous metals forming and other processes and nonprocess
wastewater prior to treatment and discharge. Pollutant discharge
allowances will be established by this guideline only for nonfer-
rous metals forming process wastewater. The flows and wastewater
characteristics for other waste streams are a function of the
plant operations, layout, and water handling practices. As a
result, the pollutant discharge effluent limitation for waste-
water streams other than nonferrous metals'forming process water
will be prepared by the permitting authority on a case-by-case
basis, applying other effluent limitations and guidelines, if
appropriate. These wastewaters are not further discussed in this
document.
Nonferrous Metals Forming Operations
Rolling. Rolling is the process of reducing the cross-sectional
area of metal stock, or otherwise shaping metal products, through
the application of pressure by rotating rolls. Cylindrical rolls
are used to produce flat shapes; grooved rolls produce rounds,
squares, and structural shapes. Two common roll configurations
are'shown in Figure III-3. Because multiple passes through _the
rolls are often required to reduce the metal to the desired
thickness, mills are frequently designed to allow rolling in the
reverse direction.
Rolling employs either hot- or cold-working techniques depending
on the kind of metal or alloy, and the properties desired in the
final product. Hot rolling is defined as rolling above the
recrystallization temperature of the metal and is typically the
first step in a' series of operations to produce a rolled product.
Cast ingots or billets are usually reduced by hot rolling_ to
elongated forms, known as blooms or slabs. The rolling mills
used for this operation are generally referred to as "breakdown
mills" or "roughing mills." Additional hot or cold rolling can
then follow the "breakdown" process. A diagram of a reversing
hot strip,mill which would be used subsequent to a "breakdown"
operation is presented in Figure III-4.
Cold rolling ;is defined as rolling below the recrystallization
temperature of the metal and may be carried out at temperatures
much higher than ambient and still be considered "cold" rolling.
A diagram of a typical 4-high cold rolling mill is presented in
Figure III-5. :
The rolling process is used to produce any one of a number of
intermediate or final products from cast metal. Rolling is used
to make flat products such as plate, sheet, strip, and foil.
Plate is defined as being greater than or equal to 6.3 mm (0.25
inch) thick, and is usually produced from ingots by hot rolling.
Cold rolled flat products are generally classified as sheet [from
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6.3 to 0.15 mm (0.249 to 0.007 inch) thick] and foil [below 0.15
mm (0.006 inch) thick].
Rod, bar, and wire may be produced by either hot or cold rolling
using grooved rolls. Rod is defined as having a solid round
cross section 0.95 cm (3/8 inch) or more in diameter. Bar is
also identified by a cross section with 0.95 cm (3/8 inch) or
more between two parallel sides, but it is not round. Wire is
characterized by a diameter of less than 0.95 cm (3/8 inch).
A specialized cold rolling operation, called tube reducing, is
used to reduce the diameter and wall thickness of tubing. A
mandrel is inserted in the tubing which is then rolled between a
pair of rolls with tapered grooves. This process is used on
nickel, silver, gold, zirconium, and titanium tubing.
As will be discussed later in this section, heat treatment is
usually required before and between stages of the rolling pro-
cess. Ingots are usually made homogeneous in grain structure
prior to hot rolling in order to remove the effects of casting on
the metal's mechanical properties. Annealing is typically
required between passes or after cold rolling to keep the metal
ductile and remove the effects of work hardening. The kind and
degree of heat treatment applied depends on the metal and alloy
involved, the nature of the rolling operation, and the properties
desired in the product.
It is necessary to use a cooling and lubricating compound during
rolling to prevent excessive wear on the rolls, to prevent: adhe-
sion of metal to the rolls, and to maintain a suitable and uni-
form rolling temperature. Water and oil-in-water emulsions,
stabilized with emulsifying agents such as soaps and other polar
organic materials, are used for this purpose in hot rolling oper-
ations. Emulsion concentrations usually vary between 5 and 10
percent oil. Evaporation of the lubricant as it is sprayed on
the hot metal serves to cool the rolling process. Mist elimina-
tors may be used to recover rolling emulsions that are dispersed
to the atmosphere. The emulsions are typically filtered to
remove metal fines and other contaminants and recirculated
through the mills
Water without additives is also used as a coolant and lubricant
in hot rolling operations. The water is typically not recycled,
but used once and discharged. Oil-in-water emulsions, described
above, and mineral oil or kerosene-based lubricants are used in
cold rolling operations. Emulsions are used to roll lead,
nickel, magnesium, precious metals, refractory metals, and zinc.
Neat oils are used to roll nickel, zinc, and refractory metals.
Kerosene-based lubricants are used to roll precious metals.
Graphite based lubricants are sometimes used' to roll refractory
metals. Often a light (low viscosity) oil or emulsion is used to
lubricate the outside of a tube during tube reducing, while the
inside is lubricated with a heavier (higher viscosity) oil or
grease. ' These lubricants eventually become rancid or degraded
and are eliminated by continuous bleed or periodic discharge.
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Generally, spent neat oils and tube reducing lubricants
contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site.
are
The steel rolls used in hot and cold rolling operations may
require periodic machining to remove metal buildup and to grind
away any cracks or imperfections that appear on the surface of
the rolls. The survey of the industry indicated that roll
grinding with an oil-in-water emulsion is common practice. This
emulsion is usually recycled and periodically discharged after
treatment with other emulsified waste streams at the plant.
Of the surveyed plants, 112 have rolling operations. Wastewater
is discharged from lead, nickel-cobalt, zinc, precious metals,
titanium, and refractory metals rolling operations.
Drawing. Drawing is pulling of metal through a die or succession
of dies to reduce its diameter, alter the cross-sectional shape,
or increase its hardness. This process is used to manufacture
tube, rod, bar, and wire. In the drawing of tubing, one end of
an extruded tube is swaged to form a solid point and then passed
through the die. A clamp, known as a bogie, grips the swaged end
of tubing, as shown in Figure III-6. A mandrel is then inserted
into the die orifice, and the tubing is pulled between the man-
drel and die, reducing the outside diameter and the wall thick-
ness of the tubing. Wire, rod, and bar drawing is accomplished
in a similar manner, but the metal is drawn through a simple_die
orifice without using a mandrel. A diagram of a typical
hydraulic draw bench is presented in Figure III-7.
Drawing may be carried out hot or cold. In order to ensure uni-
form drawing temperatures and avoid excessive wear on the dies
and mandrels used, it is essential that a suitable lubricant be
applied during drawing. A wide variety of lubricants are used
for this purpose. Heavier draws, which have a higher reduction
in diameter, may require oil-based lubricants, but oil-in-water
emulsions are used for many applications. Graphite, ground
glass, soap powders,- and soap solutions may also be used for some
of the-lighter draws. Drawing oils are usually recycled until
their-lubricating properties are exhausted.
Intermediate annealing is frequently required between draws in
order to restore the ductility lost by cold working of the drawn
product. .,Degreasing of the metal may be required to prevent
burning of heavy lubricating oils in the annealing furnaces.
Of the surveyed plants, 94 have drawing operations. Spent
lubricants are Discharged from lead, nickel, zinc, and precious
metals drawing Operations.
Extrusion.
In the extrusion process, high pressures are applied
to a cast metal billet, forcing the metal to flow through a die
orifice. The resulting product is an elongated shape or tube of
uniform cross-sectional area. If a piercing mandrel is,used, or
if the center of the billet or round has been removed by boring
or trepanning, the extruded product is a tube.
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There are two basic methods of extrusion practiced in the nonfer-
rous metals forming category:
Direct extrusion, and
- Indirect extrusion.
The direct extrusion process is shown schematically in Figure
III-8. A heated cylindrical billet is placed into the ingot
chamber, and the dummy block and ram are placed into position
behind it. Pressure is exerted on the ram by hydraulic or
mechanical means, forcing the metal to flow through the die open-
ing. The extrusion is sawed off next to the die, and the dummy
block and ingot butt are released. Hollow shapes are produced
with the use of a mandrel positioned in the die opening so that
the metal is forced to flow around it. A less common technique,
indirect extrusion, is similar, except that in this method, the
die is forced against the billet extruding the metal in the oppo-
site direction through the ram stem. A dummy block is not used
in indirect extrusion. Diagrams of extrusion tooling equipment
and a typical extrusion press are presented in Figures. III-9 and
111-10, respectively.
Although some metals, such as lead, can be extruded .cold, most
metals are heated first to reduce adhesion of the dde to the
extrusion and the resulting cracks and flakes in the extruded
product (galling). Extrusion at elevated temperatures also
reduces the amount of work hardening that will be imposed on the
product. Heat treatment is frequently used after extrusion to
attain the desired mechanical properties and will be described,
in detail, later in this section. At some plants, contact
cooling of the extrusion, sometimes called press heat, treatment,
is practiced as the extrusion leaves the press., This can be done
in one of three ways: with a water spray near the die, by
immersion in a water tank adjacent to the runout table,,; or by
passing the metal through a water wall. Contact cooling water
may also be-used to cool extrusion dummy blocks, though no plants
in this category specifically reported its use.' Following an
extrusion, the dummy block drops from the press and is, cooled
before being used again. Air cooling is most commonly used ' for
this purpose, but water may be used to quench the dummy blocks.
The extrusion process requires the use of a lubricant.£,0 prevent
adhesion of the metal to the die and ingot container wal
-------
be encased in a copper or steel can before extrusion. The can
prevents galling of the core metal and is reduced to a very thin
shell as a result of the extrusion. The thin shell is then
removed from the core metal by acid pickling or machining.
Extrusion presses that are used to extrude hard alloys such as
aircraft alloys operate under extremely high pressures. These
presses frequently use an oil-water emulsion as the hydraulic
fluid instead of neat oil which is used as the hydraulic fluid in
other presses to reduce the risk of fires. Due to the nature of
this hydraulic fluid and the extremely -high pressures, these
extrusion presses frequently develop hydraulic fluid leaks.
Extrusion press hydraulic fluid leakage was reported at plants
forming lead, nickel, refractory metals, titanium, and zirconium.
The steel dies used in the extrusion process require frequent
dressing and repairing to ensure the necessary dimensional pre-
cision and surface quality of the product. The metal that has
adhered to the die orifice is typically removed by grinding or
polishing, which is a dry process.
Of the surveyed plants, 75 have extrusion operations. Wastewater
is discharged from lead, nickel, precious metals, titanium,
refractory metals, zirconium, and uranium extrusion operations.
Forging. Forging is deforming metal, usually hot, with compres-
sive force into desired shapes, with or without dies. The actual
forging process is a dry operation. Five types of forging are
commonly practiced in the nonferrous metals forming category:
- Closed die'forging,
Open die forging,
- Rolled ring forging,
- Impacting, and
Swaging.
In each of these techniques, pressure is exerted on dies or
rolls, forcing the heated stock to take the-desired shape. The
first three processes are types of hot working; the other two are
cold working.
Closed die forging (Figure Ill-lla), the most prevalent method,
is accomplished by hammering or squeezing the metal between two
steel dies, one fixed to the hammer or press ram and the other to
the anvil. Forging hammers, mechanical presses, and hydraulic
presses can be used for the closed die forging of nonferrous
metals. The heated stock is placed in the lower die and, by one
or more blows of the ram, forced to take the shape of the die
set. In closed die forging, the metal is shaped entirely within
the cavity created by these two dies. The die set comes together
to completely enclose the forging, giving lateral restraint to
the flow of the metal.
The process of open die forging (Figure Ill-lib) is similar to
that described above, but in this method, the shape of the forg-
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ing is determined by manually turning the stock and regulating
the blows of the hammer or strokes of the press. Open die forg-
ing requires a great deal of skill and only simple, roughly
shaped forgings can be produced. It is primarily used as a
breakdown process to improve the workability of cast billets and
to form them into rounds, octagons, and other shapes. Occasion-
ally the process is used in development work in which items are
produced in small quantities making the cost of closed-type dies
prohibitive.
The process of rolled ring forging is used in the manufacture of
seamless rings. In one type of ring rolling, a hollow cylindri-
cal billet is rotated between a mandrel and pressure roll to
reduce its thickness and increase its diameter (Figure III-12.a).
In another type of ring rolling, a hollow preform is mounted on a
saddle-mandrel and reduced in wall thickness by the repeated
blows of a hammer (Figure III-12b).
Impacting, depicted in Figure 111-13, is a combination of cold
forging and cold extrusion. The process is performed by placing
a cut-off piece of metal in a bottom die. A top die consisting
of a round or rectangular punch is fastened to the press ram and
is driven into the metal slug. This causes the metal to be
driven up around the top punch. Usually, the metal adheres to
the punch and must be stripped off as the press ram rises.
Swaging, the process of forming a taper or a reduction on metal
products such as rod and tubing, is another type of forging. When
swaging is the initial step in drawing tube or wire, a solid
point is formed by repeated blows of one or more pairs of oppos-
ing dies (this process is also called pointing). Swaging can
also be used to reduce the diameter of tube or wire without a
subsequent drawing operation, especially when the metal being
worked is brittle (e.g., tungsten). The process of making
tapered bullets from lead wire is also called swaging.
Proper lubrication of the dies is essential in forging nonferrous
metals. Colloidal graphite in either a water or an oil medium is
usually sprayed onto the dies for this purpose in the hot working
types of forging. For shallow impressions, a single spray is
usually adequate. Dies may be sprayed manually or with automatic
sprays timed with the press stroke. Deeper cavities may require
a second manual spray or swabbing to ensure that all die surfaces
are covered.
Forging presses that are operated under extremely high pressures
develop hydraulic fluid leaks. Forging press hydraulic fluid
leakage was reported at plants forming nickel and titanium,
Particulates and smoke may be generated from the partial combus-
tion of oil-based lubricants as they contact the hot forging
dies. In those cases, air pollution controls may be required.
Baghouses, wet scrubbers, and commercially available dry "scrub-
bers are in use at nonferrous metals forming facilities. I
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Oil-in-water emulsions and neat oils are used as lubricants in
swaging processes. The lubricants are usually filtered to remove
metal fines and other contaminants and recirculated. As the
lubricants become rancid or degraded they are discarded, either
through continuous bleed or periodic batch discharge.
In addition to use in lubricants and air pollution control, water
is used to cool forging dies, clean equipment, and in heat treat-
ment. Quenching is employed to attain desired metallurgical
properties, usually by plunging hot pieces in a water bath imme-
diately after forging. Titanium, refractory metals, zirconium,
magnesium, and uranium forgings are sometimes treated this way.
Of the surveyed plants, .72 have forging operations. Wastewater
is discharged from lead, .nickel, titanium, refractory metals,
zirconium, magnesium, and uranium forging operations.
Cladding. A clad metal is a composite metal containing two or
more layers that have been bonded together. Some typical clad
configurations are shown in Figure 111-14. The bonding may have
been accomplished by roll bonding (co-rolling), solder applica-
tion (brazing), or explosion bonding.
In the roll bonding process, a permanent bond between two metals
is obtained -by rolling under high pressure in a bonding mill.
The high pressure increases the temperature of the metals, pro-
moting codiffusion so that a metallurgical bond forms at the
interface. In some cases a sintering step is required to
increase bond strength. Clad metals consisting of a base metal
with an overlay or inlay of precious metal are produced for the
electrical and electronics industry and for jewelry applications
(e.g., gold filled wire). To produce an inlay, a ditch is skived
in the base metal, filled with a strip of precious
rolled to form a bond.
metal and
The solder application or brazing process is also used to make
clad metals. The term soldering is used where the temperature
range falls below 425C (800F). The term brazing is used where
the temperature exceeds 425C (800F). In this process, a thin
layer (film or foil) of a low melting point metal is placed
between two layers of metal to be bonded. The three-layer
assembly is then placed into a furnace at the melting temperature
of the filler metal. Bonding results from the intimate contact
produced by the dissolution of a small amount of the base metal
and the top metal in the molten filler metal, without direct
fusion of the two metal layers. Upon cooling, the clad material
can be formed by any of the forming operations previously
described.
A third method of producing clad metals, pressure bonding, is a
combination of roll bonding and solder bonding. A three-layer
assembly of Bolder and the metals to be bonded is placed into a
furnace, just as in solder bonding. However, the heating_ is
accompanied by the application of pressure, as in roll bonding.
The bonded metal may be cooled by a water spray after it is
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removed from the bonding furnace. ;
In explosion bonding, the metallurgical joining of two or more
metals is accomplished by the force of a carefully detonated
explosion. The explosion moves progressively across the surface
of the cladder metal, accelerating it across a "standoff dis-
tance" and against the backer metal. The force of the explosion
shears away the oxide- and nitride-containing surface layers of
both metals and causes them to behave as a fluid. The sheared
away layers are jetted out ahead of the point where the two
metals collide. As the collision point advances, the jetting
action produces metallurgically clean surfaces which, under
extreme pressure, allow normal interatomic and intermolecular
forces to create an electron-sharing bond. The result is a cold
weld, with a characteristic wave pattern at the weld interface
caused by the turbulent plastic metal flow after collision.
Explosion bonding is used to produce clad plate, sheet, and
tubes, and to form structural transition joints. Clad plate can
be used in the gauge at which it is formed or it can be rolled
down to final gauge.
Except for pressure bonding which uses some contact cooling
water, none of the cladding processes described above generate
process wastewater. The main source of process wastewater in
metal cladding operations is in cleaning the metal surfaces prior
to bonding. For small batch operations, the cleaning steps can
involve dipping the metal into small cleaning bath tanks and hand
rinsing the metal in a sink. For larger continuous operations,
the metal may be cleaned in a power scrubline. In a typical
scrubline, metal strip passes through a detergent bath, spray
rinse, acid bath, spray rinse, rotating abrasive scrub brushes,
and a final rinse. The metal may then pass through a heated
drying chamber or may air dry.
Metal Powder Production. For regulatory convenience, the produc-
tion of all metal powders but beryllium have been included in
this category. Atomization, depicted in Figure II.I-15, is the
most common method of producing metal powders. In this process,
a stream of fluid, usually water or gas, impinges upon a molten
metal stream, breaking it into droplets which solidify as powder
particles. The size and shape of atomized powder is determined
by jet configuration, jet design, composition of the impinging
medium, and composition of the metal. Generally, gas atomization
is used to produce spherical particles while water atomization is
used to produce irregularly shaped particles, required for powder
metallurgy applications in which a powder is cold pressed into a
compact. In addition, the duration of cooling plays an important
role in determining particle configuration. Annealing usually
accompanies atomization for the purpose of rearranging internal
crystal structures of metal powders, and consequently improving
strength.
Powders are also produced by disintegration of solid metal into
powder by mechanical comminution. This process is used for brit-
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tie ores or chemically embrittled metals. It is also used to
produce powder from turnings and other scrap of more ductile
metals. The most commonly utilized pieces of mechanical reduc-
tion equipment are ball mills, vortex mills, hammer mills, disc
mills, and roll mills. Powder production with this type of
machinery tends to produce angular, irregular, rod-like, and
flaked physical structures. Occasionally, powders are milled in
a water slurry.
In addition to its use as an atomization medium and a milling
slurry, water is used to clean floors in metal powder production
areas and in the equipment used to control particulate air pollu-
tion from metal powder production operations (wet scrubbers and
electrostatic precipitators).
Surveyed plants produce powders from all of the metals formed by
traditional means except titanium and rhenium (see Table III-3).
Iron, stainless steel, and copper alloy powders are produced in
the largest quantities and by the greatest number of manufac-
turers. The high demand for these metal powders is caused by
their large-scale applications in the auto manufacturing and
machining industries., After iron and steel, copper, and alumi-
num, and their alloys, the metal powders produced in the largest
quantity are tungsten and tungsten carbide, lead and its alloys,
and nickel and its alloys. Wastewater is discharged from nickel,
precious metals, iron and steel, copper, aluminum, and refractory
metals powder production operations.
Production of Powder Metallurgy Parts. Metal powders are formed
into parts by a "press and sinter" operation, consisting of
blending metal powders, compacting the mixture in a die and then
heating or sintering the compacted powder in a controlled atmo-
sphere to bond the particles into a strong shape. Parts made
from pressed powder are often referred to as compacts. A diagram
of two pressing configurations is presented in Figure 111-16.
Compaction forces range from 1.1 to 385 tons.. Contact cooling
water is sometimes used to cool the parts after the pressing
operation. Air pollution from mixing the metals powders is
sometimes controlled by wet scrubbers.
Following compaction, "green" metal powder compacts are sent to a
furnace for sintering. Furnace temperatures are held below the^
melting point of the metal being sintered, from 1,OOOC to 1,800C.
To prevent formation of oxide films on particle surfaces (which
inhibit formation of metallic bonds between particles) an inert
atmosphere or vacuum must be maintained inside the sintering
furnace. Hydrogen, although expensive, is the most commonly used
inert gas. Alternatively, vacuum systems capable of maintaining
a pressure of 10 MPa (2.96 x 10-6 in Hg) are typically employed.
As an extra precaution against contamination with air, the vacuum
furnace and its inlet and outlet ports may be jacketed with inert
gas.
During the sintering process, air present in the metal compacts
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before sintering is exhausted, thus decreasing the porosity of
the compact and increasing its strength. Further strengthening
occurs as surface metal atoms recrystallize, realigning into a
close crystal lattice pattern.
For some applications, porosity may be further decreased by the
process of infiltration, in which a liquid phase, is allowed to
penetrate the pores between metal particles during or after
sintering. The liquid used may be a nonalloying metal with a
lower melting point than the compacted metal, oil, or an anti-
friction polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene. Infiltration
with copper is commonly used in manufacturing tungsten and
molybdenum compacts for electrical contacts.
In some cases, a final mechanical fabrication step, sizing or
coining, is used. In this process, the sintered compact is
deformed in a closed die to produce a final.shape. Sizing is
used to qualify dimensions and has no effect on part density.
Coining increases part density in addition to qualifying
dimensions. Pressures applied during coining range up to 700 MPa
(100,000 psi), depending on the size and shape of the die and the
nature of the metal compact being formed. In some cases a
lubricant is used to prevent the compact from adhering to the
die. This lubricant is usually not discharged from the process,
but lost through drag-out on the parts. Sintered metal compacts
also may be rolled, extruded, or drawn.
Although many parts are ready for use after sintering is com-
pleted, a number of secondary operations are available to further
finish parts to meet the need of specific applications. Finish-
ing operations used subsequent to the forming of parts from metal
powder include oil and or resin impregnation, deburring, steam
oxidation, and treatment with rust inhibitor. Oil impregnation
improves a part's lubricity as well as increasing corrosion
resistance. When part's are to be plated, resin impregnation can
be used to provide maximum sealing of porosity and prevent
absorption of plating acids. Rinsing may follow both oil and
resin impregnation. Deburring may be sand blasting or shot
peening, both of which are dry, or tumbling with grit suspended
in water. Because of their porosity, parts made from iron and
steel powders may oxidize excessively. To prevent this, steam
treatment to produce a protective oxide layer and treatment with
rust inhibitors are commonly used. Air pollution from the steam
treatment operation is sometimes controlled by wet scrubbers.
As described above, process wastewater is generated in the pro-
duction of powder metallurgy parts after the pressing and sinter-
ing steps. In addition to tumbling and steam treating, the parts
may be cleaned or degreased (alkaline, detergent, or solvent)
prior to packing and shipping. These cleaning operations are
identical to those performed on other metal products and will be
described in detail later in this section.
Operations Associated With Nonferrous Metals Forming
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Casting. Casting consists of filling a shaped container or mold
with molten metal so that upon solidification, the shape of the
mold is reproduced. Only casting which is an integral part of
and performed at the same plant site as nonferrous metals forming
is included in the category, that is, shot-casting and casting of
billets, ingots, bars, and strip which are subsequently formed
on-site. Casting performed as part of a smelting or refining
operation is included in the nonferrous metals manufacturing
point source category, 40 CFR Part 421. Casting of parts is
included in the metal molding and casting point source category,
40 CFR Part 464.
The choice of ,casting method depends on the metal or alloy being
cast and the ultimate use of the cast form. The casting methods
used in nonferrous metals forming can be divided into four
classes:
Stationary casting;
Direct chill casting, including arc casting;
- Continuous or semi-continuous casting;
Shot casting.
The method of casting most widely practiced at nonferrous metals
forming plants is stationary or pig casting which allows for
recycle of in-house scrap. In this process, molten metal is
poured into cast iron molds and allowed to air cool. Lubricants
are not usually required. Although water may be sprayed onto the
molten metal to increase the cooling rate, this generally does
not result in any discharge.
Direct chill casting is characterized by continuous solidifica-
tion of the metal while it is being poured. The length of an
ingot cast using this method is determined by the vertical
distance it is allowed to drop rather than by mold dimensions.
As shown in Figures 111-17 and 111-18, molten metal is tapped
from the melting furnace and flows through a distributor channel
into a shallow mold. Noncontact cooling water circulates within
this mold, causing- solidification of the metal. The base of the
mold is attached to a hydraulic cylinder which is gradually
lowered as pouring continues. As the solidified metal leaves the
mold, it is sprayed with contact cooling water to reduce the tem-
perature of the forming ingot. The cylinder continues to descend
into a tank of water, causing further cooling of the ingot as it
is immersed. When the cylinder has reached its lowest position,
pouring stops and the ingot is lifted from the pit. The
hydraulic cylinder is then raised and positioned for another
casting cycle.
In direct chill casting, lubrication of the mold is required to
ensure proper ingot quality. Lard or castor oil is usually
applied before casting begins and may be reapplied during the
drop. Much of the lubricant volatilizes on contact with the
molten metal, but contamination of the contact cooling water with
oil and oil residues does occur.
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Arc casting is a form of direct chill casting used for refractory
metals (tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, columbium, vanadium, and
rhenium), because the melting points of these metals are too high-
for them to be easily cast by conventional techniques. The bars
serve as consumable electrodes in an arc-melting process. The
end product of refining these metals is a powder which can be
compacted and sintered into solid bars. Under vacuum, in an
appropriate furnace consisting of a water-cooled copper crucible,
the preformed bars form an electrode for striking a high current,
low voltage arc between the bar and a starting pad of metal. As
the bar is progressively melted, molten metal falls through the
arc and forms an ingot which gradually freezes into solid form.
The ingot may be remelted to improve purity or directly
fabricated to product form.
Many nonferrous metals forming plants use continuous casting
instead of, or in addition to, direct chill casting methods.
Unlike direct chill casting, no restrictions are placed on the
length of the casting, and it is not necessary to interrupt pro-
duction to remove the cast product. The use of continuous
casting eliminates or reduces the degree of subsequent rolling
required.
A relatively new technology, continuous casting of metal first
came into practice in the late 1950's. Since then, improvements
and modifications have resulted in the increased use of this pro-
cess. Current applications in this category include the casting
of sheet and strip. Because continuous casting affects the
mechanical properties of the metal cast, the use of continuous
casting is limited by the metals and alloys used, the nature of
subsequent forming operations, and the desired properties of the
finished product. In applications where continuous casting can
be used, the following advantages have been cited:
- Increased flexibility in the dimensions of the cast
product;
- Low capital costs, as little as 10 to 15 percent of the
cost of conventional direct chill casting and hot rolling
methods; and
Low energy requirements, reducing the amount of energy
required to produce comparable products by direct chill
casting and rolling methods by 35 to 80 percent, depend-
ing on the product being cast. :
In addition, the use of continuous casting techniques has been
found to significantly reduce or eliminate the use of contact
cooling water and oil lubricants.
Two continuous casting processes are commonly used in the indus-
try. Methods in use at a particular plant will vary somewhat,
but they are similar in principle to the processes diagrammed
schematically in Figures 111-19 and 111-20. Continuous sheet
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casting, shown in Figure 111-19, substitutes a single casting
process for the conventional direct chill casting, scalping,
heating, and hot rolling sequence. The typical continuous sheet
casting line consists of melting and holding furnaces, a caster,
pinch roll, shear, bridle, and coiler. Molten metal flows from
the holding furnace to the caster headbox. The level of molten
metal maintained in the headbox causes the metal to flow upwards
through the top assembly, which distributes it uniformly across
the width of the casting rolls. The metal solidifies as it
leaves the tip and is further cooled and solidified as it passes
through the internally water-cooled rolls.. It leaves the caster
as a formed sheet and successively passes through pinch rolls, a
shear, and a'tension bridle before being wound into a coil. The
cooling water associated with this method of continuous sheet
casting never comes into contact with the metal.
Continuous strip casting is pictured in Figure III-20._ Molten
metal flows from a casting pot through an open-ended die. The
die is water cooled and has the same cross-section as the cast
strip. As the metal leaves the die, it descends vertically past
water sprays, guided by rolls. The strip can be coiled as it is
cast, or small sections can be cut from the end as the strip
continues to grow.
Metal shot is commonly produced by casting of a number of metals,
including lead and precious metals. In the shot casting process
pictured in Figure 111-21, metal ingots are melted in a furnace,
the furnace is tapped, and the molten metal is poured down a
trough or into a heated mold. At the bottom of the trough or
mold is a shot mold plate, typically made of steel or a ceramic
material, which has holes punched in it. The size of the shot
pellets is determined by the size of the holes.
As the molten metal flows through the holes in the shot mold it
forms droplets. The droplets become round as they descend
through several inches of air, then fall into a tank of water for
quick quenching. This water may be stagnant or circulating. In
some shot casting operations a wetting agent is added to the
quench water,' altering the surface tension and ensuring the for-
mation of spherical shot particles. To prevent excessive loss of
quench water through evaporation and to maintain the water temp-
erature required by some operations, the quench water may be
cooled using noncontact cooling water in a jacket around the
tank.
Cast shot may be processed through a sizing operation to remove
the irregular shaped particles. Reject shot is usually remelted
and recast.
In this document, semi-continuous casting is used to denote_ a
particular casting process reported in the forming of lead, tin,
and bismuth. Molten metal is poured down a trough and into
vertical billet molds. A tank of water is raised up around the
molds to cool the metal (noncontact cooling). When the tank is
lowered the billet molds are inverted and the billets fall out of
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the molds and onto an inclined track. Lubricant may be placed
inside the mold between casting cycles to facilitate the release
of the billets. Lubricant may also be placed on the track, to
allow the billets to roll more easily. As the billets move down
the track they are quenched with a spray of water. At the bottom
of the track the billets move into a sawing operation.
In_addition to its use to cast metal, water is used in equipment
which controls air pollution from stationary casting and shot-
sizing operations. Water is also used to wash billets immedi-
ately after casting. In vapor form, water is used to draw a
vacuum from some melting furnaces. The condensed steam, which
may carry any material volatilized during melting, is
recirculated with a periodic blowdown.
Of the surveyed plants, 81 have casting operations. Wastewater
is discharged from lead, nickel, zinc, precious metals, and
refractory metals casting operations.
Heat Treatment. Heat treatment is an integral part of nonferrous
metals forming practiced at nearly every plant in the category.
It is frequently used both in-process and as a final step in
forming to give the metal the desired mechanical properties.
There are four general types of heat treatment:
- Homogenizing, to increase the workability and help con-
trol recrystallization and grain growth following
casting;
- Annealing, to soften work-hardened and heat-treated
metals, relieve stress, and stabilize properties and
dimensions;
- Solution^heat treatment, to improve mechanical properties
by maximizing the concentration of hardening contaminants
in solid solution; and
Artificial aging, to provide hardening by precipitation
of constituents from solid solution.
Homogenizing, annealing, and aging are dry processes, while solu-
tion heat treatment typically involves significant quantities of
contact cooling water.
During casting, large crystals of intermetallic compounds are
distributed heterogeneously throughout the ingot. Homogeni-
zation of the cast ingot provides a more uniform distribution of
the soluble constituents within the metal. By reducing the bri.t-
tleness caused by casting, homogenization prepares the ingot for
subsequent forming operations. The need for homogenization and
the time and temperatures required are dependent on the metal and
alloy involved, the ingot size, the method of casting used, and
the nature of the subsequent forming operations. Typically, the '
ingot is heated to an appropriate temperature and held at that
temperature for four to 48 hours. The ingots are then allowed to
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air cool.
Annealing is used by plants in the nonferrous metals forming
category to remove the effects of strain hardening or solution
heat treatment. In the annealing operation, the metal is raised
to its recrystallization temperature. Nonheat-treatable, strain-
hardened metals need only be held in the furnace until the
annealing temperature is reached; heat-treatable metals usually
require a detention time of two to three hours. In continuous
furnaces such as that pictured in Figure 111-22, the metal is
raised to higher temperatures and detained in the furnace for 30
to 60 seconds. Once removed from the annealing furnace, it is
essential that the heat-treatable metals be cooled at a slow,
controlled rate. After annealing, the metal is in a ductile
more workable condition suitable for subsequent forming opera-
tions. Some metals are annealed in a protective (nonoxidizinq)
atmosphere to prevent discoloration of the bright surface This
process is called bright annealing and is commonly used to anneal
silver _ and its _ alloys. Typical protective atmospheres are
dissociated ammonia, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Solution heat treatment, also referred to as solution annealing,
is accomplished by raising the temperature of a heat-treatabl4
metal to the eutectic temperature, where it is held for the
required length of time, then quenching it rapidly. As a result
of this process, the metallic constituents in the metal are held
in a super-saturated solid solution, improving the mechanical
r2?erKleSv,°Lth! m5;tal- The required length of time the metal
must be held, at the eutectic temperature varies from one to 48
hours. Certain nonferrous metal alloys can be solution heat
treated immediately following extrusion and forging. in this
procedure, known as press heat treatment, the metal is extruded
or forged at the required temperatures and quenched with contact
cooling water as it emerges from the die or press.
The quenching techniques used in solution heat treatment are fre-
quently critical in achieving the desired mechanical properties
The sensitivity of metals and alloys to quenching varies, but
delays in transferring the product from the furnace to the
quench, a quenching rate that is incorrect or not uniform, and
the characteristics of the quenching medium used can all have
serious detrimental effects. with few exceptions, contact
S?ii 9. Wa£?r 'i8 USSd J? qu
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tion heat treatment to develop the maximum hardness and ultimate
tensile and yield strength in the metal. For certain metals, the
mechanical properties are maximized by sequentially applying
SlutiSS heat treatment, cold working, and artificial aging.
Chemical Surface Treatments. Surface treatment operations per-
lifiidas-alTTHtegral part of forming processes are within the
scope of the nonferrous metals forming category. For the pur
posll of this regulation, surface treatment of nonferrous metals
is considered to be an integral part of nonferrous metals forming
whenever it is performed at the same plant site at which
nonferrous metals are formed.
A number of chemical treatments may be applied to nonferrous
metals after they are formed. The objective of these treatments
is to in som! way alter the surface of the metal, either by
Jlmoving some of it or changing its characteristics "astewater
discharges from these operations are generated when these solu
tions must be replaced with fresh chemicals and in rinsing
operations used to remove residual solution from the formed metal
after treatment. The contaminants in the spent solution and
rinse water are a function of the chemicals used.to make the
solutions and the metal treated. Most of the contaminants are
acids, bases, and metal salts.
The most frequently used chemical surface treatments are designed
to remove the surface layer of oxidized metal created during
forming of nonferrous metals at elevated temperatures. The most
com^on9method of removing this layer.is to.dissolve it in acid in
an operation known as pickling, brightening, etching, or acid
surface treatment. In addition to removing the oxide layer from
a me?al surface, this treatment will remove burned-on lubricants
and any other substances not entirely removed by solvent or
alkaline cleaning. ,
Picklinq operations can be batch operations in which formed parts
are moved from tank to tank to be dipped in acid baths, overflow-
ing rinse tanks and spray chambers. The rinses are usually plain
water, but occasionally ammonia solutions are used. A diagram of
a bulk product pickling tank is presented in Figure I";". A
continuous surface treatment line, consisting of a series of
?Snks"? can be used to provide strip metal with a series of
treatments. A diagram of a typical continuous strip pickling
line is presented in Figure 111-24.
Sulfuric, hydrochloric, ammonium bifluoride, hydrofluoric, phos-
Dhoric, nitric, and chromic acids or acid mixtures are commonly
Ssed as pickling solutions. The pickling process may be chemical
(formed metal is immersed in a tank of pickling solution and held
until sSale is removed) or electrochemical (electric current is
forced through the pickling bath to speed up the pickling
process)! Acid concentration, bath temperature, and process time
depSnd on the type of metal or alloy being treated, the compo-
nents of the pickling solution, and the amount of scale, to be
removed.
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Acid consumed during pickling operations must be periodically
replenished. Dissolved metal salts in the pickling solution
gradually reduce pickling efficiency. Spent pickle liquor may be
concentrated by high temperature precipitation of metal salts and
recycled to minimize acidic waste discharge.
Brightening solutions for nonferrous metals and alloys usually
contain mixtures of two or more acids: sulfuric, phosphoric,
nitric, chromic, or hydrochloric. Acid ratios and concentrations
vary widely. Dipping times range from 5 seconds to greater than
5 minutes. Other chemicals such as metal salts, glycerol, or
ethylene glycol also may be added to brightening solutions.
The layer of oxide scale formed from hot working operations on
nickel, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, and certain refractory
metals is very difficult to remove with acid surface treatment
alone. Consequently, molten salt baths may be used to descale
the metal prior to acid surface treatment. Molten salt baths are
oxidizing baths composed of sodium hydroxide or potassium
hydroxide and sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate. The nitrate
is the oxidizing agent in the bath. Sodium chloride and potas-
sium chloride are added to depress the melting part of the bath,
increase fluidity, and inhibit attack on the metal itself. Sodium
carbonate or potassium carbonate may be added in small
proportions to adjust the melting point of the mixture, and to
inhibit deleterious reactions. Molten salt baths are maintained
at 480 to 540C. The formed metal parts are dipped in the baths
for 15 minutes or more and then rinsed and quenched in a water
bath. The molten salt bath performs its descale function by
three mechanisms:
(1) Molten oxides present on the metal surface are con-
verted to a higher oxidation state which is more
soluble in the acid surface treatment operations
which follow the molten salt operation;
(2) The abrupt transfer of the metal from the hot bath
to the cold rinse causes a thermal-shocking effect
which helps loosen the scale; and ;
(3) Physical penetration of the molten salt on the sur-
face of the metal helps to loosen the scale.
Physical penetration may be enhanced by agitating the molten salt
baths.
Anodizing and chemical conversion coating are used to change the
characteristics of the surface of formed metal by chemically or
electrochemically depositing an inorganic coating to the metal.
These coatings are applied for corrosion protection and in
preparation for painting.
Anodizing is an electrochemical oxidation process which forms an
insoluble oxide of the metal on the formed metal surface. The
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oxide coating, which is extremely thin and nonporous, is used to
provide corrosion resistance, decorative surfaces, a base for
applying other coatings, and special electrical or mechanical
properties. Anodizing is applied by immersing the metal form in
an acid solution (containing fluoride, phosphate, chromate, or
sodium ions) and passing a direct or alternating electrical
current through the metal form. After anodizing, parts are
rinsed in cold then hot water to facilitate drying.
Chemical conversion coatings are applied to previously-deposited
metal or base metal for increased protection, lubricity, or in
preparation for another special coating or to achieve a special
surface appearance. Typical operations include chromating to
form a protective film, and phosphating which is used to provide
a good base for paints and other organic coatings, to lubricate
the metal surface before cold forming or drawing, and to impart
corrosion resistance. When chromating, the formed metal surface
is coated by immersion or wetting with a solution containing
hexavalent chromium and active organic and inorganic compounds.
When phosphating, the metal surface is wetted, usually by immer-
sion, with a phosphate solution which reacts with the metal
surface. ;
\ '
Electrocoating is depositing metal 'in an adherent form upon the
surface of a formed piece of metal which acts as a cathode. The
coating may be applied as the finished surface. It may also act
as a soft, lubricating coating for hard metal alloys prior to
cold working (tube reducing or extruding). Lubricating coatings
(often copper) are dissolved away in acid after the forming
operation has been performed.
Electrocoating operations usually include precleaning;with deter-
gents followed by rinsing. The cleaned metal is electrocoated
and then rinsed in one or more stages.
Surface treatments and their associated rinses are usually
combined in a single line of successive tanks. In some cases,
rinsewater from one treatment is reused in the rinse of another.
Surface treatment rinses are the major source of wastewater in
the nonferrous metals forming category. Of the surveyed plants,
154 have surface treatment operations, many plants having
several. Wastewater is discharged from operations used to treat
nickel, cobalt, zinc, precious metals, titanium,1 refractory
metals, zirconium, hafnium, magnesium, and uranium. Wastewater
is also generated by the equipment used to control air pollution
from surface treatment of nickel, titanium, refractory metals,
and uranium. /
Alkaline Cleaning. Alkaline cleaning involves the removal of
oil, grease, and dirt from the surface of a formed metal produ'ct
using water with a detergent or other dispersing agent. Ultra-
sonic vibration is sometimes used in conjunction with chemical
cleaners to clean wire and other .fine parts. /
Alkaline cleaners are formulations of alkaline salts, water, and
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surfactants. Salts used include sodium hydroxide, sodium ortho-
silicate, trisodium phosphate, sodium metaborate, sodium carbon-
ate, and sodium polyphosphates. Frequently, two or more of these
salts are blended to form the cleaning solution.
Uninhibited alkaline cleaners will attack many nonferrous metals.
Therefore, inhibiting compounds which coat the metal with a thin
ii"1^ 1:° pfevent etching, pitting, or tarnishing are typically
added to the cleaning solution. *-*±i-y
Alkaline solutions are commonly used to clean formed metal parts
prior to chemical treatment or as a final step before packaging
the product. The type of solution used depends on the metal to
be cleaned and the contaminant to be removed. Alkaline cleaning
may be preceded by solvent cleaning via vapor degreasing or cold
cleaning. Following this step, formed metal parts are immersed
in or sprayed with the alkaline cleaning solution. Solution
concentration, temperature, and immersion time vary with metal
Following alkaline treating, metal parts are rinsed with water
Rinsewater is often warm, to decrease drying time and reduce
water spotting. Spent solutions and rinses are discharged from
alkaline cleaning processes. Streams are frequently combined
with acid waste streams to adjust wastewater pH prior to
discharge. In addition to cleaning nonferrous metals after they
are, f°rmed' alkaline cleaning is used to prepare metals for
cladding. The process may be hand cleaning or use a power
scrubline, as described in the cladding discussion above.
Alkaline cleaning is associated with lead, nickel, zinc, precious
oerati tltanium' refractory metals, and zirconium forming
Degreasing. Solvent cleaners are used to remove lubricants (oils
and greases) applied to the surface of nonferrous metals during
mechanical forming operations. Basic solvent cleaning methods
include straight vapor degreasing, immersion-vapor degreasinq,
spray-vapor degreasing, ultrasonic vapor degreasing, emulsified
solvent degreasing, and cold cleaning.
Solvents most commonly used for all types of vapor degreasing are
trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride,
percnloroethylene, and various chlorofluorocarbons. Solvent
selection depends on the required process temperature (solvent
boiling point), product dimension, and metal characteristics
Contaminated _vapor degreasing solvents are frequently recovered
by distillation. The sludge residue generated is toxic and may
be flammable, requiring appropriate handling and disposal
procedures. ofwocu.
Straight vapor degreasing uses hot vapors of chlorinated solvents
to .remove oils, greases, and waxes. A vapor degreasing unit
typically consists of an open steel tank as shown in Figure III-
25. Solvent; at the bottom of the tank is heated to boiling
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vapor bath where solvent vapors condense onto the metal
Oils and greases are dissolved from the metal surface by the
solvent.
immersion-vapor degreasing is used to clean metal parts coated
wi?hla?ge quantities of oil, grease, or hard-to-remove soil.
Solvents used are the same as those used in straight vapor
degrlas ing Metal parts are first immersed in boiling solvent
then in a clean cool solvent rinse, and finally in solvent
vapors. immersion in cool solvent rinses residual matter left
f?om the first cleaning and lowers the metal temperature so that
vaSSr rinsing will be effective. Clean solvent for the cool
rfnse is supplied by condensation of pure vapors in the condenser
Section ofthe degreaser. From the condenser, solvent flows into
the cool rinse chamber and overflows into the sump where it is
again vaporized.
When mild scrubbing action is required to remove grease or dirt,
spraV-vapor degreasing is used. In this process, clean solvent
S pumpld from the degreaser condenser to a spray lance. Parts
are impingement-sprayed with clean solvent to loosen soil and
?nsolu£?e material? Ipray lances may be fixed so that P-ts^ove
in front of them for impingement, or may be hand-held so thai an
operator may direct the spray. Parts enter the degreaser 's vapor
phlsJ, paS through the spray bank, and finally go through a
final vapor rinse.
Ultrasonic vapor degreasing is similar to immersion-vapor
de«Ssing, with ultrasonic transducers built into the clean
solvJn? ?inse tank. Metal parts .are initially cleaned by
immersion in boiling solvent, then immersed in cool solvent for
ura-so£ic scrubbing followed by a vapor or spray-vapor rinse.
Durinq ultrasonic scrubbing, high frequency sound waves are
transmitted through the solvent to the part, producing rapid
aaitltion and cavitation (formation/implosion of solvent
SSbblei? The scrubbing action caused by solvent cavitation
efficiently removes particulate and insoluble materials from the
metal surface. :
The ultrasonic frequency used depends on the type of part being
cleaned the degree of soil contamination, and the solvent used.
The most common?? used frequency range is 20,000 to 50,000 cycles
per second.
Emulsified solvent degreasing is primarily use*^ remove
water- and oil-soluble soils from complex mechanical parts.
SSIrofluorocarbons are typically employed as _ solvents in this
process. Reclamation of emulsified solvents is generally
economical.
not
352
-------
Water _ contaminated with salts and other water-soluble
contaminants is periodically removed from the system and replaced
with clean water to renew the system's cleaning strength.
Cold solvent; cleaning involves hand wiping, spraying, and
immersion of metal parts in solvents to remove oil, grease and
other contaminants from the metal surface. Petroleum 2nd
chlorinated hydrocarbons are typically used in cold cleaning
operations. Contaminated solvents are reclaimed by distillation
or are disposed of via contractor. ^xixation
Following decreasing, metal parts may be rinsed to remove
adhering solvent. This practice was reported by two plants
Mechanical Surface Treatments. Mechanical surface treatments are
SrSlfl llke_chemical surface treatments, to alter the surface of
formed nonferrous metals. Machining, grinding, polishina
tumbling (barrel finishing), and burnishing are Commonly used
mechanical surface treatments. <-uauuon±y used
Machining
of chips,
workpiece.
drilling,
broaching,
reaming,
chamfering
is the general process of removing stock, in the form
from a workpiece by forcing a cutting tool through the
Machining operations such as turning, milling,
bar peeling, boring, trepanning, tapping, planing,
sawing and cutoff, slitting, shaving, th?eadiSg
shaping, shearing, slotting, hobbing, filing, and
are included in this definition.
9 *? fc?e Pr°9ess of removing stock from a workpiece by the
!! K?°i consistin9 of abrasive grains held by a rigid or
hf f r'- ShS t001 1S usually in the form of a dilk (the
cvlinde? P r?n«grinding wjee,ls>' but maY also be in the form of I
Sled fbrasiviS^r °U?' . stlck' sfcriP' °r belt. The most commonly
used abrasives are aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and diamond
included ^ fcSis unit operation are' sanding (or
remove rough edges or excess material), surface
aradioperation used to remove or smooth out
oronn u are flexible and will conform to irregular
or rounded areas where necessary. Rotary brushes may also be
used for the polishing operation. The operation uLafly
Burnishing is the process of finish sizing or smooth
PieVi°US ^^ o
tanemoa
tnan removal, of minute surface irregularities. it is
accomplished with frictional contact betweln the workpiece and
353
-------
some hard material, such as hardened metal balls. Water may also
be used to cool or rinse parts during or after mechanical surface
treatment? The contact cooling water and rinsewater are sources
of wastewater.
Machininq, grinding, polishing, and burnishing operations
com^onl? use a reci?culated oil-water emulsion or soap solution
to cool and lubricate the contact between metal ^finishing
tool. Spent or rancid lubricant is discharged periodically.
wlter ma? also be used to cool or rinse parts during or after
mechanical surface treatment. The contact cooling water and
rinsewater are sources of wastewater.
surface eitioning. Parts to be finished are placed in a
rotatinq barrel or vibrating unit with ceramic or metal slugs or
abrasive media? water or oil, and usually some chemical compound
to milt in the operation. As the barrel rotates slowly, the
SpSr laye? of the work is given a sliding movement toward the
lowSr sidS of the barrel, causing the abrading or polisning
action to occur. The same results may also be accomplished in a
vibrating Snit, in which the entire contents of the containerize
In constant motion. When the parts have *?*« /""^"and
debarred they are drained in a basket or shaker table and
transferred to an oven for drying. The tumbling solution is
usually used once and then discarded.
s2-g.is.r2i3.-
^ s s f c
a suitable length. Following processes such as rolling,
extrusion, aiS drawing, the metal products may be sawed. The
circular saws and band saws used generally require a cutting
lubricant in order to minimize friction and act as a coolant.
Oil-iS-water emulsions or. mineral-based oils are usually applied
to the sides of the blade as a spray. In some cases, a heavy
«ease or wax may be used as a saw lubricant. Normally, saw oils
III not discharged as a wastewater stream. The lubricants
freauently are clrried over on the product or removed together
w"h She saw chips for reprocessing. In some _ cases, however,
recycle and discharge of a low-volume saw lubricant stream is
orlcticed. Contact cooling water may also be used in the sawing
process Following sawing, parts may be .rinsed to remove grit
and lubricant from the metal.
Product Testing. Various product testing operations are used to
check noflirT§us metals pa?ts for surface defects or subsurface
?mperfect?ons Parts are submerged in a water bath and subjected
tS ultrasonic signals, or in the case of tubing, pressurized with
354
-------
air. Piping and tubing may also be filled with water and
pressurized to test their integrity. Dye penetrant testing is
another product testing operation. Product testing operations
are sources of wastewater because the spent water bath or test
media must be periodically discarded due to the transfer into the
testing media of oil and grease, solids, and suspended and
dissolved metals from each product tested. In addition, a rinse
may be needed following operations such as dye penetrant testing
to remove chemicals from the part.
Other Operations Generating Wastewater. Other operations
associated with nonferrous forming which generate wastewater
include:
Steam cleaning,
Equipment cleaning,
Area cleaning,
- Drum wash,
Laboratories,
Laundries, and
- Miscellaneous operations.
Steam is sometimes used for cleaning purposes such as removing
lubricant from the inside of tubes. The discharge of condensate
from steam cleaning operations was reported by two plants in the
nickel-cobalt forming subcategory. Wastewater from cleaning
various equipment such as forging presses, ring rollers, spray
driers, and saws was reported by a few refractory metal forming
plants. Area cleaning, drum wash, laboratory and laundry
wastewater streams were reported by uranium forming plants.
Except for laboratory wastes, these uranium forming operations
originate from cleaning operations used to comply with the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and occupational safety and
health regulations.
355
-------
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Figure III-3
COMMON ROLLING MILL CONFIGURATIONS
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INGOT
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EXTRUSION
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DIRECT EXTRUSION
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FORGING
370
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EDGING
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PRESSURE ROLL
MANDREL
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Figure III-12
RING ROLLING
'- :371
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Figure ITT-13
IMPACTING
372
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INLAY EDGE STRIPE
////f/////////
STRIPE INLAY
2-PLY CLAD
4-PLY CLAD
Figure III-14
SOME CLAD CONFIGURATIONS
373
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ATOMIZING AGENT
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QUENCHING MEDIUM
Figure 111-15
ATOMIZATION
374
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A.
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B. Pressing In Doub'le-End^Die
Figure III-16
FOWDER METALLURGY DIE COMPACTION
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Coreless Sndueiion Furnace
To Pollution Control
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±>"~-, Water Cooled Molds
Mold Table
Tank Water
Hydraulic Ram
Figure III-18
DIRECT CHILL (B.C.) CASTING UNIT
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Figure 111-20
CONTINUOUS STRIP .CASTING
379
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MELTING POT
MOLTEN METAL
SHOT MOLD
DRAIN
WATER LEVEL
RECIRCULATING WATER
RECIRCULATION PUMP
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Figure 111-21
SHOT CASTING
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Figure III-23
BULK PICKLING TANK
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H
O
383
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CONDENSATE
TROUGH
1 WATER JACKET
(NONCONTACT COOLING)
SOLVENT
-CLEANOUT DOOR
A. OPEN TOP VAPOR DEGREASER
SHEET
MYATER
JACKET
VAPOR
ZONE
HEATED SOLVENT
B. STRIP CONVEYORIZED DEGREASER
Figure III-25
VAPOR DECREASING
384
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SECTION IV
INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
In developing regulations for the nonferrous metals forming
category, the Agency considered whether different effluent
limitations and standards are appropriate for different segments
of the category. The regulations are technology based. If
uniform regulations are to be applied to the entire category, the
technology upon which they are based must be available and
appropriate for every segment of the category. If not, subcate-
gorization is required. Subcategorization is also appropriate if
different pollutants are regulated in various segments of the
category.
EPA considers several factors to determine the appropriate
Subcategorization of a category. These include plant location
and nonwater quality environmental impacts, including energy
costs and solid waste generation. These factors affect the
availability of wastewater treatment technology. Other Subcate-
gorization factors which must be considered are raw materials,
manufacturing processes, products manufactured, plant size and
age, and process water use. These factors may influence water
use and wastewater characteristics and thus determine the appro-
priateness of in-process controls, end-of-pipe wastewater treat-
ment technologies and the presence of pollutants to be regulated.
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF SUBCATEGORIZATION FACTORS
Factors Considered
The analysis of potential Subcategorization factors was carried
out in the context of developing the nonferrous metals forming
category. The manufacturing activities included in the category
are:
2,
3,
4.
Forming of nonferrous metals other than copper and
aluminum by rolling, drawing, extruding, and forging
operations;
Production of ferrous and nonferrous metal powders;
Production of ingots and metal parts from ferrous and
nonferrous metal powders; and
Production of clad metals and bimetallics from
nonferrous metals other than copper and aluminum.
385
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The following factors were considered as a basis for subcategori-
zation:
1. Metal formed and raw materials used;
2. Manufacturing processes;
3. Products manufactured;
4. Process water use;
5. Plant size;
6. Plant age;
7. Plant location;
8. Solid waste generation and disposal, air emissions, and
energy usage; and
9. Individual waste streams generated by manufacturing
activities.
In addition to considering how the individual factors influenced
subcategorization, the interrelationship between different
factors was evaluated. An evaluation of these factors is
presented below.
Metal Formed and Raw Materials Used. The raw materials used in
thenonferrous metals forming category can be classified as
follows:
- Metal and metal alloys;
- Lubricants and additives to lubricants; and
- Surface treatment, degreasing, and furnace fluxing
chemicals.
The pollutants discharged from a particular forming operation
depend on the metal formed and other raw materials used in that
operation. For example, nickel forming wastewater will contain
nickel and any lubricants or surface treatment chemicals used
in forming and associated process steps. Therefore, while nickel
is probably present in all nickel forming wastewater,, the
presence of other pollutants varies from plant to plant and
operation to operation.
All of the manufacturing activities in this category, with _the
exception of metal cladding, can easily be divided into
subcategories according to the metal formed. The metal formed
and the metallurgical properties that are required in the final
product will determine the other raw materials used during the
forming process itself and associated process steps. The metal
formed will also determine the manufacturing processes used, the
products manufactured, and the amount and type of process water
use.
386
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Because the type of metal formed will have a major impact on
wastewater flow and characteristics, subcategorization of manu-
facturing activities by the type of metal formed is.appropriate.
Pollutants generated by the production of clad metals and
bimetallics are dependent on the metals processed, just as are
discharges from other nonferrous metals forming processes.
However, because cladding involves more than one type of metal,
the categorization of this forming operation in a
subcategorization scheme based on the type of metal formed is not
straightforward. In general, the wastewater generated by forming
a clad metal product will have characteristics that are dependent
on the metal that is on the surface.
Manufacturing Processes. As discussed above, there are four
manufacturing activities included in the nonferrous metals
forming category, each of which uses one or more distinct
manufacturing. processes. Subcategorization on the basis of
manufacturing process would group all rolling operations, all
drawing operations, all extrusion operations, etc., together.
The Agency does not believe this is an appropriate basis for
subcategorization because it does not adequately distinguish the
type of pollutants likely to be present in waste streams from the
resulting subcategories. For instance, lead is likely to be
present in lead rolling wastewater but is not expected to be
present_ in nickel rolling wastewater. Furthermore, the
properties of the metal or alloy may influence the type of waste
stream that is generated.
Products Manufactured. Another approach is subcategorization
based on the products manufactured, as listed below:
Product
Plate :
Sheet
Strip
Foil
Rod and bar
Tubing
Wire and cable
Other (L shapes,
Clad metals
I-beams, etc.)
Metal powders
Miscellaneous shapes
Associated
Manufacturing Process
Rolling
Rolling
Rolling
Rolling
Rolling, extrusion,
& drawing
Extrusion or drawing
Drawing or extrusion
Extrusion
Roll bonding, solder
application, explosion
bonding, co-drawing
Water atomization, gas
atomization, grinding, etc,
Forging, powder metallurgy
387
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The product manufactured would be an excellent basis for subcate-
gorization if waste characteristics and the process to produce _a
given item were the same from plant to plant; however, this is
not true for many formed metal products. For example, rods can
be produced by two different production processes which generate
similar wastewater (e.g., rolling and drawing), but the mass of
pollutants generated per unit of rod produced by rolling will be
different than the amount generated by drawing the rod._ Fur-
thermore, as discussed previously, rods formed from different
metals but produced by the same process may use different
lubricants, therefore generating a waste with different
characteristics. Because the type and mass of pollutant
generated per unit of product will be different depending on the
metal formed and type of forming operation employed, the type of
products manufactured is an inappropriate basis f~-
subcategorizing the nonferrous metals forming category.
for
Process Water Use. Major differences in water use (volume of
work applied to a process per mass of product) between facilities
with large and small production could be considered as a factor
in the development of subcategories.
However, as will be discussed in Section V, analysis of_the data
indicates that production normalized water use (i.e., liters per
kkg of metal formed) for a given unit operation is usually
independent of production volume. For example, a large direct
chill casting operation will use about the same amount of water
per ton of ingot produced as an operation casting much less
nonferrous metal by the same method. Production normalized water
use appears to be relatively constant over a wide range_ of
production and therefore process water use is not an appropriate
parameter for subcategorization.
Plant Size. The number of employees and amount of metal pro-
cessed can be used as relative measures of the size of nonferrous
metals forming plants.
Process wastewaters are largely independent of the number of
plant employees. Variations in staff occur for many reasons,
including shift differences, clerical and administrative support,
maintenance workers, efficiency of plant operations, and market
fluctuations. Due to these and other factors, the number of
employees is constantly fluctuating, making it difficult to
develop a correlation between the number of employees and
wastewater generation.
388
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Subcategorization based on size in terms of production of non-
ferrous metals would group plants by the off-pounds of extru-
sions, sheets, rods, etc. However, this method of subcategori-
zation does not adequately distinguish between waste streams with
different characteristics.
Therefore, for the reasons discussed above, Subcategorization on
the basis of size (number of employees, production, or volume of
wastewater generated) is not appropriate.
Plant Age. Although some nonferrous metals forming plants date
from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most were
built in the past 35 years. Since metal forming technologies are
developing and changing rapidly, most plants, even those built 60
or 70 years ago, have been modernized frequently in order to
remain competitive. Therefore, determination of a particular
plant's technological age is very difficult. Accordingly, plant
age is not an appropriate basis for Subcategorization.
Plant Location. The geographical distribution of the nonferrous
metals forming plants which responded to the dcp is presented in
Figure III-l. The plants are not limited to any one geographical
location, but they are generally located east of the Mississippi
River. Although some cost savings may be realized for facilities
located in nonurban settings where land is available to install
lagoons, equivalent control of wastewater pollutant discharge can
be achieved by urban plants with the use of physical and chemical
treatment systems that have smaller land requirements. Since
most plants are located in the eastern part of the United States
(an area where precipitation exceeds evaporation) or in urban
areas, evaporation and land application of the wastewater are not
commonly used. Thus, location does not appear to be a signifi-
cant factor on which to base Subcategorization.
Solid Waste Generation and Disposal, Air Emissions and Energy
Usage. Certain manufacturing plants may be limited in the
wastewater treatment technology available to them by their
patterns of solid waste generation and disposal, air emissions or
energy usage. However, after a review of all available informa-
tion, the Agency was unable to identify any plant or type of
plant which has any unusual energy requirements or any unusual
limitations based on available energy, solid waste disposal, or
air emissions.
Individual ^Waste Streams Generated by_ Manufacturing Activities.
Use of this scheme will yield subcategories of homogeneous
character and treatability. The principal benefit from using
waste streams as a basis for Subcategorization is that an appro-
priate effluent limitation or standard could be established for
each stream. For each regulated pollutant, a specific pollutant
389
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mass discharge value could be calculated for each waste stream
present at the facility. These values would be summed to deter-
mine the total mass discharge allowed for that pollutant at that
facility.
The difficulties with this approach are the large number of
subcategories - approximately 175 - that it would generate. The
Agency believes that a guideline with this many subcategories
would be extremely difficult to administer. However, waste
stream by waste stream analysis of production, flow, and pollu-
tants present was used to calculate pollutant mass limitations
for each subcategory.
Summary of Subcategorization
The nonferrous metals forming category can be subcategorized on
the basis of metal type formed. Based on information reported by
334 surveyed plants, 10 subcategories which have plants that
discharge process water to surface waters or a POTW can be
established. These subcategories are:
o Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming,
o Magnesium Forming,
o Nickel-Cobalt Forming,
o Precious Metals Forming,
o Refractory Metals Forming,
o Titanium Forming,
o Uranium Forming,
o Zinc Forming,
o Zirconium-Hafnium Forming, and
o Metal Powders.
The metal powders subcategory includes only operations which
involve iron, copper, or aluminum powders. Forming of these
metals are included in other point source categories; iron and
steel, aluminum forming, and copper forming. Nine other metals
are formed, however, there is no process water discharge
associated with the forming of these metals they are not
discussed at any length in this document.
PRODUCTION NORMALIZING PARAMETER SELECTION
In order for regulations to be equitable among plants with high
production and plants with low production, effluent limitations
have been established on a pollutant mass basis, (i.e. mass of
pollutant discharged per unit of production). The( mass
limitations must be normalized by an appropriate unit of
production called a production normalizing parameter (PNP). That
is, pollutant discharge limitations are written as allowable mass
of pollutant discharge per PNP (mg/PNP). Therefore, for a PNP to
390
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be appropriate, mg/PNP must be independent of both production and
wastewater volume, for a particular waste stream. Mass of metal,
number of pieces,- surface area, and mass of process chemicals
used were considered as possible PNP's. An evaluation of these
alternatives follows.
Mass of_ Metal Processed. The nonferrous metals forming category
typically maintains production records of the pounds- of metal
processed. Availability of these production data and lack of
data for other production parameters, such as number of pieces
produced, makes this the most convenient parameter to use. The
nonferrous metals forming dcp requested three production values:
the capacity production rate for specific unit operation (in off-
Ibs/hr), the average production rate for 1981 (in off-lbs/hr),
and the total 'off-pounds of final product formed in 1981.
Number of_ Pieces Processed. The number of pieces processed by a
given plant would not account for the variations in size and
shape typical of formed products. It would be unreasonable to
expect the quenching of a large forging to use the same amount of
water required for a smaller forged product and yield a constant
mass of pollutant per piece. Therefore, the Agency concluded
that the number of pieces processed is not an appropriate PNP.
Surface Area of_ Metal Processed. Surface area may be an appro-
priate production normalizing parameter for formed metal which is
rinsed (i.e., the mass of pollutants generated may correlate with
surface area). However, the mass of pollutants generated by
other metal forming operations, such as cooling, is unrelated to
surface area. Hence, surface area might be an adequate PNP for
some processes but would be wholly inappropriate for others. In
addition, records of the surface area of metal processed are not
generally kept by industry. In some cases, such as forging of
miscellaneous shapes, surface area would be very difficult to
determine. In any case, surface area data would be difficult to
collect. For these reasons, the Agency concluded that surface
area is an inappropriate PNP for the nonferrous metals forming
category.
Mass o_f Process Chemicals Used. The mass of pollutants dis-
charged" is more dependent on the processes which the metal
undergoes than on the amount of process chemical used in the
process. Some operations, such as heat treatment with contact
cooling water, generate pollutants but do not use any process
chemicals.. In addition, the use of this parameter as the produc-
tion normalizing parameter would tend to discourage regeneration
and reuse of process chemicals. For these reasons, the Agency
concluded that mass of process chemicals used is an inappropriate
PNP for the nonferrous metals forming category.
391
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Selection of Production Normalizing Parameter
For the reasons outlined above, the Agency has selected mass of
product formed as the most appropriate PNP. The mass of pollu-
tants is related to the mass of metal processed and most compa-
nies keep production records in terms of mass.
The PNP for nonferrous metals forming is "off-kilograms" defined
as the kilograms of product removed from a machine at the end of
a process cycle. For example, in the rolling process, an ingot
enters the mill to be processed. Following one process cycle
which may substantially reduce the ingot's thickness, the metal
is removed from the rolling mill where it- may be processed
through another operation, such as annealing, sizing, cleaning,
or it may simply be stored before being brought back to the
rolling mill for another process cycle, further reducing the
thickness. The mass of metal removed from the rolling mill after
each process cycle multiplied by the number of process cycles is
the PNP for that process.
DESCRIPTION OF SUBCATEGORIES
The nonferrous metals forming category was divided into 10
subcategories, based on type of metal formed. Five of these
subcategories cover forming operations for more than one metal.
This subcategorization allows separate limitations to be estab-
lished for groups of metals whose wastewater is similar, are
formed by similar processes, and would be expected to utilize
similar or identical wastewater treatment within the, subcategory.
The metal powders subcategory covers only iron, copper, and
aluminum powder production and production of iron, copper, and
aluminum parts from powder. All other subcategories cover
traditional forming operations (rolling, drawing, extruding,
forging), powder metallurgy processes (powder production and
compaction), and ancillary operations integral to the production
of formed metal (heat treatment, chemical and mechanical surface
treatment, and casting). Clad metals are subcategorized
according to the metal on the surface or outside of the product.
The number of surveyed plants in each subcategory and the number
of plants in each subcategory discharging process wastewater
(directly to surface streams and to a POTW) are listed in Table
IV-1.
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming. Of the surveyed plants, 66 form lead.
Twenty of these plants discharge process wastewater, three
directly to surface water and 17 to a POTW. Some of the products
392
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made from lead forming are: bullets, made by extrusion and
swaging lead; solder, formed by extrusion and drawing of lead,
tin, and bismuth in various alloy combinations; and insulated
cable, in which lead is extruded over copper cable.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Waste Stream
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Rolling
Drawing
Extrusion
Swaging
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent soap solutions
Press or solution
heat treatment
contact cooling
water
Press hydraulic
'fluid leakage
Spent emulsions
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth rolled
with emulsions
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth rolled
with soap solu-
tions
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth drawn
with emulsions
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth drawn
with soap solu-
tions
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth heat
treated and sub-
sequently cooled
with water
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth extruded
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth swaged
with emulsions
Casting
Continuous
Casting
Strip
Semi-Continuous
Ingot Casting
Contact cooling
water
Contact cooling
water
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth cast by
the continuous
strip method
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth cast by
the semi-contin-
uous method
393
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Operation
Shot Casting
Waste Stream
Contact cooling
water
Production Normal-
Inc Parameter
Mass of lead-tin
bismuth shot cast
Shot-Forming
Alkaline Cleaning
Degreas.ing
Wet air pollution
control blowdown
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent solvents
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth shot
formed
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth alkaline
cleaned
Mass of lead-tin-
bismuth alkaline
cleaned
Magnesium Forming. Magnesium forming processes consist of
forging, rolling, and extrusion. Water is used in post-extrusion
etching, chromating, and rinsing processes. Nine of the surveyed
plants form magnesium. Three plants discharge process water, one
directly to surface water and two to a POTW.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Rolling
Forging
Waste Stream
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling
water
Equipment cleaning
wastewater
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of magnesium
rolled with emul-
sions
Mass of forged mag-
nesium cooled
with water
Mass of magnesium
forged on equip-
ment requiring
cleaning with
water
394
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Production Normal-
Operation Waste Stream ing Parameter
Direct Chill Casting Contact cooling Mass of magnesium
water cast with direct
chill methods
Surface Treatment Spent baths Mass of magnesium
surface treated
Rinsewater Mass of magnesium
surface treated
Sawing or Grinding Spent emulsions Mass of magnesium
sawed or ground
Degreasing Spent solvents
Wet Air Pollution Slowdown Mass of magnesium
Control sanded and re-
paired or forged
Nickel-Cobalt Forming. Nickel and cobalt are formed by rolling,
drawing, extrusion, and forging, with extrusion the least common
forming process. The two metals were grouped together because
the metals are formed by identical processes and are frequently
combined together in alloys which can be predominantly nickel or
predominantly cobalt. Also, 19 of the 20 surveyed plants which
form cobalt also form nickel.
Of the surveyed plants, 91 form nickel and cobalt, making this
the largest subcategory in the category. Forty-eight plants
discharge process wastewater, 14 directly to surface water and 34
to a POTW.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Production Normal-
Operation Waste Stream ing Parameter
Rolling Spent neat oils
- " Spent emulsions Mass of nickel-
cobalt rolled
with emulsions
: ,, Contact cooling Mass of nickel-
water cobalt rolled
with water
Tube Reducing Spent lubricants
395
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Operation
Drawing
Extrusion
Forging
Metal Powder Pro-
duction
Stationary Casting
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Press or solution
heat treatment
contact cooling
water
Press hydraulic
fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling
water
Equipment cleaning
wastewater
Press hydraulic
fluid leakage
Atomization waste-
water
Contact cooling
water
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of nickel-
cobalt drawn with
emulsions
Mass of nickel-
cobalt extruded
or heat treated
and subsequently
cooled with water
Mass of nickel-
cobalt extruded
Mass of forged
nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Mass of nickel-
cobalt forged on
equipment requir-
ing cleaning with
water i
Mass of nickel-
cobalt forged
Mass of nickel-
cobalt metal
powder produced
by wet atomiza-
tion
Mass of nickel-
cobalt cast with
stationary cast-
ing methods
Vacuum Melting
Steam condensate
Annealing and Solu- Contact cooling
tion Heat Treatment water
Surface Treatment
Spent.baths
Mass of nickel-
cobalt surface
treated
cobalt surface
treated
396
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Operation
Ammonia
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten Salt
Waste Stream
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Sawing or Grinding Spent emulsions
Rinsewater
Steam Cleaning
Hydrostatic Tube
Testing and
Ultrasonic Testing
Dye Penetrant
Testing
Condensate
Wastewater
Wastewater
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of nickel-
cobalt treated
with ammonia
solution
Mass of nickel-
cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Mass of nickel-
cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Mass of nickel-
cobalt treated
with molten salt
Mass of nickel-
cobalt sawed or
ground with emul-
sions
Mass of sawed or
ground nickel-
cobalt rinsed
Mass of nickel-
cobalt steam
cleaned
1
Mass of nickel-
cobalt tested
with dye pene-
trant methods
Miscellaneous Waste-
Water Sources '
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution
Control
Electrocoating
Various
Spent solvents
Slowdown
Rinsewater
Mass of nickel
cobalt formed
Mass of nickel-
cobalt formed
Mass of nickel-
cobalt electro-
coated
397
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Precious Metals Forming. This subcategory includes processes
used to form gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. The Agency
believes that it would be very difficult to subcategorize by the
individual precious metals because most plants in this subcate-
gory form all of the precious metals using the same equipment and
cleaning operations. In addition, the metals are alloyed with
each other in many combinations, some of which have no one
constituent that is greater than 50 percent of the alloy. The
precious metals subcategory includes any alloy of gold,
platinum, palladium or silver that contains 30 percent or greater
of that metal (even if another metal occurs in a larger
percentage). Since all of the plants that form these alloys were
already at least partially covered by the precious metals forming
subcategory, this change will simplify the application of EPA
regulations by regulating similar alloys formed by the same plant
in the same subcategory. The additional alloys that are now
included in this subcategory were previously covered by the
copper forming regulation or other subcategories of the
nonferrous metals forming category.
The cladding of precious metals to base metals is closely
associated with precious metal forming. Typically a gold or
silver overlay or inlay is roll bonded to a copper-alloy base-
Nickel and stainless steel are also used as base metals. All but
three of the 15 plants engaged in precious metal cladding also
reported forming precious metals. The clad metals are formed by
the same techniques and on the same equipment as pure metals.
Therefore, it is appropriate to group precious metal cladding
with precious metals forming.
The most common forming.operations are rolling and drawing.
Extrusion and forging are practiced to a much smaller extent.
Fifty-two of the surveyed plants form precious metals. Thirty of
these plants discharge process water, four directly to surface
water and 26 to a POTW.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Rolling
Drawing
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of precious
metals rolled
with emulsions
Mass of precious
metals drawn
with emulsions
398
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Operation
Waste Stream
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Metal Powder Pro-
duction
Casting
Direct Chill
Casting
Shot Casting
Stationary Casting
Semi-Continuous
and Continuous
Casting
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Spent soap solutions
Atomization waste-
water
Contact cooling
water
Contact cooling
water
Contact cooling
water
Contact cooling
water
Alkaline Cleaning
Alkaline Cleaning
Contact cooling
water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Prebonding waste-
water
Mass of precious
metals drawn with
soap solutions
Mass of precious
metals powder
produced by wet
atomization
Mass of precious
metals cast by
the direct chill
method
Mass of precious
metals shot cast
Mass of precious
metals cast by
the semi-contin-
uous or continu-
ous method
Mass of extruded
precious metals
heat treated
Mass of precious
metals surface
treated
Mass of precious
metals surface
treated
Mass of precious
metals alkaline
cleaned
Mass of precious
metals alkaline
cleaned
Mass of precious
metal and base
metal cleaned
prior to bonding
399
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Operation
Waste Stream
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Tumbling or
Burnishing
Wastewater
Sawing or Grinding Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Pressure Bonding
Contact cooling
water
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution
Control
Spent solvents
Slowdown
Mass of precious
metals tumbled or
burnished with
water-based media
Mass of precious
metals sawed or
ground with emul-
sions
Mass of precious
metal and base
metal pressure
bonded and sub-
sequently cooled
with water
Refractory Metals Forming. This subcategory includes processes
used to form molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, rhenium, tantalum,
and columbium. The Agency believes that it is unnecessary to
subcategorize by the individual refractory metals. The metals
are processed and fabricated by similar methods because of their
common characteristics. Most of the plants which form one
refractory metal also form one or more other refractory metals
and waste streams are commonly commingled. The end product of
refining these metals is metal powder which is consolidated into
finished products or mill shapes. Only production of metal
powders using mechanical means such as milling, abrading, and
atomizing, which do not significantly increase their purity are
included in this subcategory. Production of refractory metal
powders in operations which significantly increase their purity
is included in the nonferrous metals category. The powders can be
arc or electron beam melted and cast into ingots. The mill
shapes and ingots are shaped into finished form by rolling,
drawing/ extrusion, and forging.
Fifty-eight of the surveyed plants reported forming one or more
of the refractory metals. Thirty-three of these plants discharge
process wastewater, six directly to surface water and 27 to a
POTW.
400
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1
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Rolling
Drawing
Extrusion
Forging
Metal Powder Pro-
duction
Metal Powder Press-
ing
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten Salt
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils and
graphite-based
lubricants
Spent emulsions
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic
fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling
water
Wastewater
Spent lubricants
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of refractory
metals rolled
with emulsions
Mass of refractory
metals extruded
Mass of forged
refractory metals
cooled with water
Mass of refractory
metals powder
produced using
water
Mass of refractory
metals surface
treated
Mass of refractory
metals surface
treated
Mass of refractory
metals alkaline
cleaned
Mass of refractory
metals alkaline
cleaned
Mass of refractory
metals treated
with molten salt
401
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Operation
Waste Stream
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Tumbling or
Burnishing
Wastewater
Sawing or Grinding Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling
water
Rinsewater
Dye Penetrant
Testing
Equipment Cleaning
Wastewater
Wastewater
Miscellaneous Waste-
water Sources
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution
Control
Various
Spent solvents
Slowdown
Mass of refractory
metals tumbled or
burnished with
water-based media
Mass of refractory
metals sawed or
ground with emul-
sions
Mass of refractory
metals sawed or
ground with con-
tact cooling
water
Mass of refractory
metals sawed or
ground and subse-
quently rinsed
Mass of refractory
metals tested
with dye pene-
trant methods
Mass of refractory
metals formed on
equipment requir-
ing cleaning with
water
Mass of refractory
metals formed
Mass of refractory
metals sawed,
ground, surface
coated or surface
treated
Titanium Forming. Titanium is formed by rolling, drawing,
extrusion, and forging. Forging is practiced by many plants
which primarily forge steel. Rolling is the second most common
forming operation, drawing the least. Titanium is often acid
etched to remove a hard surface layer which forms at elevated
temperatures.
402
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Forty-six of the surveyed plants form titanium. Thirty of these
plants discharge process wastewater, 13 directly to surface water
and 17 to a'POTW.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Rolling
Drawing
Extrusion
Forging
Tube Reducing
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Contact cooling
water
Spent neat oils
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Press hydraulic
fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling
water
Equipment cleaning
water
Press hydraulic
fluid leakage
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling
water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of titanium
rolled with con-
tact cooling
water
Mass of titanium
extruded with
emulsions
Mass of titanium
extruded
Mass of forged
titanium cooled
with water
Mass of titanium
forged on equip-
ment requiring
cleaning with
water
Mass of titanium
forged
Mass of titanium
surface treated
Mass of titanium
surface treated
Mass of titanium
alkaline cleaned
Mass of titanium
alkaline cleaned
403
-------
Operation
Molten Salt
Tumbling
Sawing or Grinding
Dye Penetrant
Testing
Miscellaneous Waste-
water Sources
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution
Control
Waste Stream
Rinsewater
Wastewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling
water
Wastewater
Various
Spent solvents
Blowdown
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of titanium
treated with
molten salt
Mass of titanium
tumbled with
water-based media
Mass of titanium
sawed or ground
with an emulsion
Mass of titanium
sawed or ground
with contact
cooling water
Mass of titanium
tested with dye
penetrant methods
Mass of
formed
titanium
Mass of titanium
surface treated
or forged
Uranium Forming. Uranium forming processes consist of forging,
rolling, and extrusion. Water is used in post-forming surface
treatment steps. Three surveyed plants report forming uranium.
Two plants discharge process wastewater directly to surface
water.
404
-------
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Extrusion
Forging
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Area Cleaning
Waste Stream
Spent lubricants
Tool contact cooling
water
Spent lubricants
Contact cooling
water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling
water
Rinsewater
Washwater
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of uranium
extruded with
tools requiring
contact cooling
with water
Mass of extruded or
forged uranium
heat treated and
subsequently
cooled with water
Mass of uranium
surface treated
Mass of uranium
surface treated
Mass of uranium
sawed or ground
with emulsions
Mass of uranium
sawed or ground
with contact
cooling water
Mass of uranium
sawed or ground
and subsequently
rinsed
Mass of uranium
formed
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution
Control
Drum Washwater
Laundry Washwater
Spent solvents
Slowdown
Wastewater
;
Wastewater
Mass of uranium
surface treated
Mass of uranium
formed
Employee-day
405
-------
Zinc Forming. Zinc is formed by rolling, drawing, and forging.
Itissurface treated and cleaned with alkaline detergents
following forming. Ten of the surveyed plants form zinc. Three
plants discharge process wastewater, one directly to surtace
water and two to a POTW.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Rolling
Drawing
Waste Stream
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling
water
Spent emulsions
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of zinc rolled
with emulsions
Mass of zinc rolled
with contact
cooling water
Mass of zinc drawn
with emulsions
Casting
Direct Chill
Casting
Stationary Casting
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Contact cooling
water
Contact cooling
water
Contact cooling
water
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Mass of zinc cast
by the direct
chill method
Mass of zinc heat
treated and sub-
sequently cooled
with water
Mass of zinc sur<
face treated
Mass of zinc sur-
face treated
406
-------
Operation
Waste Stream
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Alkaline Cleaning
Sawing or Grinding
Degreasing
Electrocoating
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Spent emulsions
Spent solvents
Rinsewater
Mass of zinc alka-
line cleaned
Mass of zinc alka-
line cleaned
Mass of zinc sawed
or ground with
emulsions
Mass of zinc
trocoated
elec-
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming. Zirconium and hafnium are formed by
rolling, drawing, and extrusion. One common manufacturing
process is tube reducing (roll-rocking or pilgering), a special
type of cold-rolling. Post-forming operations include annealing
and sand blasting (dry), acid and alkaline cleaning, and conver-
sion coating. All of the plants which form hafnium also form
zirconium by similar processes.
Twelve of the surveyed plants report forming zirconium. Ten of
these plants discharge process wastewater, five directly to
surface water and five to a POTW.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Rolling
Drawing
Extrusion
Swaging
Tube Reducing
Waste Stteam
Spent neat oils
Spent lubricants
Spent lubricants
Press hydraulic
fluid leakage
Spent neat oils
Spent lubricants
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium extruded
407
-------
Operation
Waste Stream
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Heat Treatment
Contact cooling
water
Surface Treatment Spent baths
Rinsewater
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten Salt
Sawing or Grinding
Inspection and
Testing
Degreasing
Wet Air Pollution
Degreasing
Spent baths
Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling
water
Rinsewater
Wastewater
Spent solvents
Slowdown Control
Rinsewater
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium heat
treated and sub-
sequently cooled
with water
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium surface
treated
'Mass of zirconium-
hafnium surface
treated
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium alkaline
cleaned
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium alkaline
cleaned
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium treated
with molten salt
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium sawed or
ground with emul-
sions
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium sawed or
ground with con-
tact cooling
water
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium sawed or
ground and subse-
quently rinsed
Mass of zirconium-
hafnium tested
408
-------
Powders. This subcategory includes operations for produc-
ing iron, copper, and aluminum powders and metal parts from iron,
copper, and aluminum powders. Powders are produced by wet or dry
atomization arid mechanical grinding. Pressing and sintering, the
major manufacturing processes in powder metallurgy, usually use
no process water. Most of the wastewater from operations in this
subcategory is generated by post-forming surface treatment.
Seventy-three surveyed plants are engaged in powder production or
powder metallurgy of iron, copper or aluminum. Thirty of these
plants discharge process wastewater, three directly to the
surface water and 27 to a POTW.
The operations and associated waste streams covered by this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
Metal Powder Pro-
duction
Tumbling, Burnish-
ing or Cleaning
Waste Stream
Atomization waste-
water
Wastewater
Sawing or Grinding
Sizing
Steam Treatment Wet
Air Pollution
Control
Oil-Resin Impreg-
nation
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Contact cooling
water
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
Slowdown
Spent neat oils
Production Normal-
ing Parameter^
Mass of powder pro-
duced by wet
atomization
Mass of powder
metallurgy parts
tumbled, bur
nished, or
cleaned with
water-based media
Mass of powder
metallurgy parts
1 sawed or ground
with emulsions
Mass of powder
metallurgy parts
sawed or ground
with contact
cooling water
Mass of powder
sized using emul-
sions
Mass of powder
metallurgy parts
steam treated
409
-------
Operation
Waste Stream
Production Normal-
ing Parameter
Degreasing
Hot Pressing
Mixing Wet Air Pol-
lution Control
Spent solvents
Contact cooling
water
Slowdown
Mass of powder
cooled with water
after pressing
Mass of powder
mixed
410
-------
Table IV-1
NUMBER OF PLANTS DISCHARGING NONFERROUS METALS
FORMING WASTEWATER, BY SUBCATEGORY
Subcategory
Lead-Tin-Bismuth. Forming
Magnesium Forming
Nickel-Cobalt.Forming
Precious Metals Forming
Refractory Metals Forming
Titanium Forming
Uranium Forming
Zinc Forming
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Metal Powders
Number
Number of
)irec
large
3
1
14
4
6
13
2
1
5
3
t Indirect
rs* Dischargers*
17
2
34
26
27
17
2
5
27
Total
Plants
66
9
91
52
58
46
3
10
12
73
*Plants may be in more than one subcategory.
*U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1986; 491-191/52944
411
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