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                             -^•rfW • •i-^^l" 
-------

-------
            DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT

                     for

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS

                   for the

 NONFERROUS METALS FORMING AND METAL POWDERS

            POINT SOURCE  CATEGORY

              :;  VOLUME I

               Lee M. Thomas
               Administrator


            Lawrence J. Jensen
     Assistant Administrator for Water


          William A.  Whittington
 nff     *       Director
 Office of Water  Regulations and Standards  .
    Devereaux Barnes, Acting Director
     industrial Technology Division
             P' Hal1' P'E"
        Metals Industries Branch
            Janet K.  Goodwin
        Technical Project Officer

               j
             September  1986


 U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
            Office of Water

               '
                  , D.C.  20460

-------

-------
Ms document is divided into three voltes.  Vota* I contains Sections
I through IV.  volume II contains Sections V and V!.  Volume III contains
Sections VII through XVI.
   SECTION I
   SECTION II
   SECTION III
   SECTION IV
   SECTION V
   SECTION VI
   SECTION VII
   SECTION VIII
   SECTION IX
   SECTION X
   SECTION XI
  SECTION XII
  SECTION XIII
  SECTION XIV
  SECTION XV
  SECTION XVI
 SUMMARY AND .CONCLUSIONS
 RECOMMENDATIONS
 INTRODUCTION
 INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
 WATER USE AND WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
 SELECTION OF: POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
 CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
 COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL
 BEST PRACTICABLE  CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
 NEW  SOURCE  PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
 BEST CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES

-------

-------
  Section
                              CONTENTS
 II
 III
 IV
V
VI
VII
  SUMMARY AND  CONCLUSIONS
   Methodology
   Technology Basis  for Limitations
     and Standards

 RECOMMENDATIONS
   BPT and BAT Mass  Limitations
   New Source Performance Standards
   Pretreatment Standards for Existing
     and New Sources

 INTRODUCTION
   Legal Authority
   Data Collection and Utilization
   Description of the Nonferrous
     Metals Forming Category
   Description of Nonferrous Metals
     Forming Processes

 INDUSTRY  SUBCATEGORIZATION
        Evaluation and Selection of
     Subcategorization Factors
   Production  Normalizing  Parameter
     Selection
   Description of  Subcategories

WATER USE AND WASTEWATER  CHARACTERISTICS
   Data Sources   .
   Water Use and Wastewater Characteristics

SELECTION OF POLLUTANT PARAMETERS
   Rationale for Selection of Pollutant
    Parameters
   Description of Pollutant Parameters
   Pollutant Selection by Subcategory

CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
  End-of-Pipe Treatment Technologies
    Major  Technologies
    Major  Technology Effectiveness
    Minor, Technologies
  In-Process Pollution Control  Techniques
                                                          319
                                                          385
                                                          413
                                                        1119
                                                        1311

-------
                      CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
VIII
IX
  XI
COST OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND CONTROL
  Summary of Cost Estimates
  Cost Estimation Methodology
  Cost Estimates for Individual Treatment
    Technologies
  Compliance Cost Estimation
  Nonwater Quality Aspects

BEST PRACTICABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
  CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
    Technical Approach to BPT
    Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
    Magnesium Forming Subcategory
    Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory
    Precious Metals Forming Subcategory
    Refractory  Metals Forming  Subcategory
    Titanium Forming Subcategory
    Uranium Forming Subcategory
    Zinc Forming  Subcategory
    Zirconium Hafnium Forming  Subcategory
    Metal Powders Subcategory
    Application of  Regulation  in  Permits

 BEST  AVAILABLE  TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY
   ACHIEVABLE
     Technical Approach  to BAT
     BAT Option  Selection
     Regulated  Pollutant Parameters
     Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
     Magnesium Forming Subcategory
     Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory
     Precious Metals Forming Subcategory
     Refractory Metals Forming  Subcategory
     Titanium Forming Subcategory
     Uranium Forming Subcategory
     Zinc Forming Subcategory
     Zirconium-Hafnium Forming  Subcategory
     Metals Powders Subcategory

  NEW  SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
    Technical Approach to NSPS
    NSPS Option Selection
    Regulated Pollutant Parameter
    New Source  Performance  Standards
                                                         1461
                                                         1553
                                                          1757
                                                           1915
                                 11

-------
 Section

 XII
XIII


XIV

XV

XVI
                       CONTENTS  (Continued)
 PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
   Introduction of Nonferrous Metals
     Forming Wastewater into POTW

   pl^in^oi^03011 to Pretreatment
   PSES and. PSNS Option Selection
   Regulated Pollutant Parameters
   Pre treatment  Standards


                   P°LLUTANT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

GLOSSARY


REFERENCES
                                                         2013
2187


2189

2191

2211
                             ill

-------

-------
                            LIST OF TABLES
  III-2




  III-3



  III-4



  IV-1




  V-l



  V-2

  V-3




 V-4





 V-5





 V-6



V-7




V-8
                           Title

                        Metal  Types  Not  Formed  on  a
                           ?n™?^iJ?ale' or  for »hi<*
  Metal Types Covered Under the
    Nonferrous Metals Forming
    Category

  Years Since Nonferrous Forming
    Operations Began at Plant

  Nonferrous Metal  Production by
    Product  Formed  in 1981

  Number of  Plants  Discharging
    Nonferrous Metals  Forming
    Wastewater, By  Subcategory

  Number of  Samples Per Waste
    Stream,  By Subcategory

 Sample Analysis Laboratories

 Nonpriority Pollutants Analyzed
   tor During Sampling Effort
   Supporting This  Regulation

 Results of  Chemical Analyses of
   Sampled Lead  and Nickel  Extrusion
   ContL^P Sofution Heat  Treating
   Contact Cooling  Water
        °fTChemical Analyses of
  Sampled Lead, Nickel, and
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent
  Emulsions Raw Wastewater
  Sampling, .Data
                                       Rolling Spent
                        qo
                        Soap Solutions
  Page

   356





   357




  358



  359


  411




  478



  483

  484




 486





 487





 488


 489




492

-------
Table

V-9


V-10


V-ll


V-12



V-13



 V-14




 V-15


 V-16


 V-17


 V-18



  V-19



  V-20



  V-21
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

      Title

   Lead-Tin-Bismuth Rolling Spent
     Neat Oils

   Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent
     Emulsions

   Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent
     Soap  Solutions

   Lead-Tin-Bismuth Drawing Spent
      Soap  Solutions Raw Wastewater
      Characteristics

    Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press
      or Solution Heat Treatment
      Contact Cooling Water

    Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press
      Solution Heat Treatment Contact
      Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
      Characteristics

    Lead-Tin-Bismuth Extrusion Press
      Hydraulic  Fluid Leakage

    Lead-Tin-Bismuth  Swaging  Spent
       Emulsions

    Lead-Tin-Bismuth  Continuous  Strip
       Casting Contact Cooling Water

     Lead-Tin-Bismuth  Continuous Strip
       Casting Contact Cooling Water
       Raw Wastewater  Characteristics

     Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous
       Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
       Water
493


494


495


496



497



 498




 501


 502


 503


 , 504



  506
     Lead-Tin-Bismuth Semi-Continuous
        ingot Casting Contact Cooling
        Water Raw Wastewater Characteristics

     Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Casting  Con-
        tact Cooling Water
  507
  510
                               VI

-------
                     LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)
  Table


  V-22





  V-23



  V-_24



  V-25





  V-26



 V-27





 V-28


 V-29


 V-30



 V-31



 V-32



 V-33



 V-34



V-35  ....


V-36
   Title
   " -

 Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Casting
   Contact Cooling Water Raw
   Wastewater


 Lead-Tin-Bismuth Shot Forming Wet
   Air Pollution Control Slowdown
   Sampling Data


 Lead-Tin-Bismuth  Alkaline Cleaning
   i\.l rlS €


 Lead-Tin-Bismuth  Alkaline Cleaning
   Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
   Data                        y


Magnesium Rolling Spent Emulsions


Magnesium Forging Spent Lubricants


Magnesium Forging Contact Cooling
  Water                         ^
                                       Page

                                        511




                                        514
                                        516


                                        519


                                        520



                                        524

                                        525

                                       526
                             Cleaning  527
          Surface Treatment  Spent      529
Magnesium Surface Treatment Spent     530
  Baths Raw Wastewater Sampling Data


Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse     535


Magnesium Surface Treatment Rinse     535
  Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
                           VII

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)
V-38


V-39



V-40


V-41

V-42


V-43


 V-44


 V-45


 V-46



 V-47


 V-48

 V-49


  V-50


  V-51
Title
Magnesium Sawing or Grinding Spent
  Emulsions

Magnesium Wet Air Pollution Control
  Slowdown

Magnesium Wet Air Pollution Control   .
  Slowdown Raw Wastewater  Sampling
  Data
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent Neat
  Oils
Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Spent  Emulsions

Nickel-Cobalt  Rolling Spent  Emulsions  554
   Raw Wastewater Sampling Data

 Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling  558
   Water
 Nickel-Cobalt Rolling Contact Cooling  559
   Water Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Page

  548


  549


,  550



  552


  553
 Nickel-Cobalt Tube Reducing  Spent
   Lubricants

 Nickel-Cobalt Tube Reducing  Spent
   Lubricants Raw Wastewater  Sampling
   Data

 Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent  Neat
   Oils
                                         56S
   567
   570
                                      f'3-
  Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Emulsions  571

  Nickel-Cobalt Drawing Spent Emulsions  572
    Raw Wastewater Sampling Data       -~
  Nickel-Cobalt .Extrusion Spent
    Lubricants  ,,„

  Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press and
    Solution Heat Treatment Contact
    Cooling Water
                                         574
    575
                               vin

-------
LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
 Table


 V-52





 V-5.3


 V-54




 V-55


 V-56


 V-57




 V-58


 V-59


 V-60




 V-61




 V-62





V-63


V-64
   ,Title                               Page


   Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press and     576
     Solution Heat Treatment Contact
     Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
     Sampling Data

   Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press         579
     Hydraulic Fluid Leakage

   Nickel-Cobalt Extrusion Press         580
     Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Raw
     Wastewater Sampling Data

   Nickel-Cobalt Forging Spent            584
     Lubricants
    :.>,1"   -(-•..
   Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact         585
     Cooling Water

   Nickel-Cobalt Forging Contact         586
     Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
     Sampling Data

   Nickel-Cobalt Forging Equipment        590
     Cleaning Wastewater

   Nickel-Cobalt Forging Press            591
    Hydraulic  Fluid Leakage

   Nickel-Cobalt  Forging  Press            592
    Hydraulic  Fluid Leakage Raw
    Wastewater  Sampling  Data

  Nickel-Cobalt Metal Powder             595
    Production Atomization
    Wastewater

  Nickel-Cobalt Metal Powder             595
    Production Atomization
    Wastewater Raw Wastewater
    Sampling Data

  Nickel-Cobalt Stationary Casting      601
    Contact Cooling Water

  Nickel-Cobalt Vacuum Melting           602
    Steam Condensate
         IX

-------
Table


V-65



V-66



V-67




V-68


V-69



V-70


V-71



 V-72

 V-73


 V-74


 V-75



 V-76


 V-77



 V-78

 V-79
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

  Title


   Nickel-Cobalt Vacuum Melting
     Steam Condensate Raw Wastewater
     Sampling Data

   Nickel-Cobalt Annealing and
     Solution Heat Treatment
     Contact Cooling Water

   Nickel-Cobalt Annealing and
     Solution Heat Treatment
     Contact Cooling Water Raw
     Wastewater Sampling  Data

   Nickel-Cobalt Surface  Treatment
     Spent  Baths

   Nickel-Cobalt Surface  Treatment
     Spent  Baths Raw Wastewater
     Sampling  Data

    Nickel-Cobalt  Surface  Treatment
     Rinse

    Nickel-Cobalt  Surface Treatment
      Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
      Data

    Nickel-Cobalt Ammonia Rinse

  ,  Nickel-Cobalt Ammonia Rinse Raw
      Wastewater Sampling Data

    Nickel-Cobal-t Alkaline Cleaning
      Spent Baths

    Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning
      Spent Baths Raw Wastewater
      Sampling Data

    Nickel-Cobalt Alkaline Cleaning
      Rinse

    Nickel-Cobalt  Alkaline Cleaning
      Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
      Data

     Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt  Rinse

     Nickel-Cobalt Molten Salt  Rinse
        Raw Wastewater Sampling  Data
Page


 603



 606



 607




 611


 612



  620


  621



  635

  636


  ,639

 ', 'C *""-' '
  640



  646


  647



  654

   655
                               x

-------
  Table



  V-80



  V-81




  V-82



  V-83



  V-84




 V-85



 V-86




 V-87



 V-88




 V-689

 V-90



 V-91

..,,- >

 V-92




 V-93



 V-94 •
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

   "Title  '
                                        Page
    Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding     661
      Spent Emulsions

   Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding      662
     Spent Emulsions Raw Wastewater
     Sampling Data

   Nickel-Cobalt Sawing or Grinding      685
     Rinse

   Nickel-Cobalt Steam Cleaning          686
     Condensate

   Nickel-Cobalt Hydrostatic Tube        687
   ,  Testing.and Ultrasonic Testing
     Wastewater

   Nickel-Cobalt Dye Penetrant  Testing    688
     Wastewater


   Nickel-Cobalt Dye Penetrant  Testing    689
     Wastewater  Raw  Wastewater  Sampling
     Data

   Nickel-Cobalt Wet Air Pollution        691
     Control Slowdown

   Nickel-Cobalt  Wet Air Pollution        692
     Control Slowdown Raw Wastewater
     Sampling Data


  Nickel-Cobalt  Electrocoating Rinse     697

  Precious Metals Rolling Spent Neat     698
    Oils
     <••-:'-,--.'

  Precious Metals Rolling Spent          699
    Emulsions

  Precious Metals Rolling Spent         700
    Emulsions Raw Wastewater
   iSampling Data

  Precious Metals Drawing Spent         705
   :Neat Oils

  Precious Metals Drawing Spent         706
   Emulsions             -
         •xi

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
V-96


V-97



V-98


V-99


V-100



V-101


V-102



 V-103



 V-104


 V-105


 V-106


 V-107'



 V-108
 Title

Precious Metals Drawing Spent
  Emulsions Raw Wastewater
  Sampling Data

Precious Metals Drawing Spent Soap
  Solutions

Precious Metals Metal Powder
  Production Atomization
  Wastewater

Precious Metals Direct Chill Casting
  Contact  Cooling

Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact
  Cooling  Water

Precious Metals Shot Casting Contact
  Cooling  Water Raw Wastewater
  Sampling Data

 precious  Metals Stationary Casting
  Contact  Cooling Water

 Precious  Metals  Semi-Continuous and
   Continuous Casting  Contact Cooling
   Water

 Precious Metals Semi-Continuous and
   Continuous Casting Contact Cooling
   Water Raw Wastewater Sampling Data

 Precious Metals Heat Treatment Con-
   tact Cooling Water

 Precious Metals Surface Treatment
   Spent Baths

 Precious  Metals Surface Treatment
   Rinse

 Precious  Metals  Surface Treatment
   Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling
   Data

 Precious  Metals  Alkaline  Cleaning
    Spent  Baths
Page


 707



 710


 711


 712


 713


 714



  111


  718
  719



  723


  .724


  725


  726



  732
                             XII

-------
                    LIST OP TABLES  (Continued)
 Table



 V-109



 V-110



 V-lll




 V-112



 V-113




 V-114



 V-115



 V-116




 V-117 s;



 V-11B  >.




 V-119



 V-120




 V-121



 V-122



V-123
 Title                                Page
 Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning     733
   Rinse          ,

 Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning     734
   Prebonding Wastewater

 Precious Metals Alkaline Cleaning     735
   Prebonding Wastewater Raw
   Wastewater Sampling Data

 Precious Metals Tumbling or           740
   Burnishing Wastewater

 Precious Metals Tumbling or           741
   Burnishing Wastewater Raw
   Wastewater Sampling Data

 Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding    745
   Spent Neat Oils

 Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding    745
   Spent Emulsions

 Precious Metals Sawing or Grinding    747
   Spent Emulsions  Raw Wastewater
   Sampling  Data

 Precious Metals Pressure Bonding       750
   Contact Cooling  Water

 Precious Metals Pressure Bonding       751
   Contact Cooling  Water  Raw
   Wastewater  Sampling Data

 Precious  Metals Wet Air  Pollution      754
   Control Slowdown

 Refractory Metals Rolling Spent        755
   Neat  Oils and Graphite-Based
   Lubricants

 Refractory Metals Rolling Spent        755
  •Emulsions

Refractory Metals Drawing Spent        757
  Lubricants

Refractory Metals Extrusion Spent      758
  Lubricants
                           Xlll

-------
Table


V-124


V-125



V-126


V-127


V-128


V-129


V-130


V-131


V-132



V-133


V-134


V-135


V-136



 V-137


 V-138

 V-139
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

  Title          '     .
   Refractory'Metals Extrusion Press
     Hydraulic Fluid Leakage

   Refractory Metals Extrusion Press
     Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Raw
     Wastewater Sampling Data

   Refractory Metals Forging Spent
     Lubricants-

   Refractory Metals Forging Contact
     Cooling Water

   Refractory Metals Metal Powder
     Production Wastewater

  ' Refractory Metals Metal Powder
     Production Floor Wash Wastewater

   Refractory Metals Metal Powder
     Pressing Spent Lubricants

  . Refractory Metals Surface Treatment
     Spent  Baths

   Refractory Metals Surface Treatment
     Spent  Baths  Raw Wastewater
     Sampling Data

   Refractory Metals Surface Treatment
     Rinse
                                                           Paqe
759


760



762


763


764


765


766


767


768



771
    Refractory Metals Surface Treatment   772
      Rinse Raw Wastewater Sampling Data

    Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning g?778
     'Spent Baths

    Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning   779
    „  Spent Baths Raw Wastewater Sampling
      Data

    Refractory Metals Alkaline Cleaning   781
      Rinse    , '

    Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse   782

    Refractory Metals Molten Salt Rinse   783
      Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
                              xiv

-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
  Table



  V-140



  V-141




  V-142



  V-143



  V-144




 V-145



 V-146




 V-147



 V-148



 V-149




 V-150 «•



 V-151 v




V-152  "'



V-153
     Title
                                        gage
   Refractory Metals Tumbling or         739
     Burnishing Wastewater

   Refractory Metals Tumbling or         790
     Burnishing Wastewater Raw
     Wastewater Sampling  Data

   Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding   796
     Spent Neat Oils

   Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding   797
     Spent Emulsions

   Refractory Metals Sawing or  Grinding   798
     Spent Emulsions  Raw Wastewater
     Sampling  Data

  Refractory Metals  Sawing or Grinding  800
    Contact Cooling Water

  Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding  801
    Contact Cooling Water Raw
    Wastewater Sampling Data

  Refractory Metals Sawing or Grinding  805
    Rinse
 Refractory Metals  Dye Penetrant
   Testing  Wastewater

 Refractory Metals  Dye Penetrant
   Testing  Wastewater  Raw
   Wastewater  Sampling Data

 Refractory Metals  Equipment Cleaning
   Wastewater
           Metals Equipment Cleaning
  Wastewater Raw Wastewater Sampling
  Data                             y


Refractory Metals Miscellaneous
  Wastewater Sources

Refractory Metals Wet Air Pollution
  Control Slowdown
                                        806
                                        807
                                       810
                                       811
                                       813
                                       814
      xv

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table


V-154



V-155

V-156


V-157

V-158

V-159

V-160


V-161



V-162

V-163


 V-164


 V-165


 V-166


 V-167



 V-168


 V-169



 V-170
   Title


Refractory Metals Wet Air Pollution
  Control Slowdown Raw Wastewater
  Sampling Data

Titanium Rolling Spent Neat Oils

Titanium Rolling Contact Cooling
  Water

Titanium Drawing Spent Neat Oils

Titanium Extrusion Spent Neat Oils

Titanium Extrusion Spent Emulsions

Titanium Extrusion Press Hydraulic
   Fluid Leakage

Titanium Extrusion Press Hydraulic
   Fluid Leakage  Raw  Wastewater
   Sampling Data

Titanium Forging Spent Lubricants

 Titanium Forging Contact Cooling
   Water

 Titanium Forging Equipment Cleaning
   Wastewater

 Titanium Forging Press Hydraulic
   Fluid Leakage

 Titanium Tube Reducing Spent
   Lubricants

 Titanium Tube Reducing Spent
   Lubricants Raw Wastewater
   Sampling  Data

 Titanium Heat Treatment Contact
   Cooling Water

 Titanium  Heat Treatment Contact
   Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
   Sampling  Data

  Titanium  Surface  Treatment Spent
   Baths
                                                           Page
815



819

820


821

822

823

 824


 825



 826

 827


 828


:829


: '830


 '831



  832


  833



  836
                              xvi

-------
                     LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
  Table


  V-171



  V-172

  V-173


  V-174


  V-175



 V-176

 V-177


 V-178

 V-179

 V-180 .,


 V-181


 V-182


 V-183



 V-184


 V-185



V-186
                                       Page
  Titanium  Surface  Treatment  Spent       837
   Baths Raw Wastewater  Sampling
   :Data

  Titanium  Surface  Treatment  Rinse       841

  Titanium  Surface  Treatment  Rinse       842
   Raw Wastewater  Sampling Data

  Titanium Alkaline Cleaning  Spent       847
   Baths

  Titanium Alkaline Cleaning  Spent       848
   jBaths Raw Wastewater Sampling
   Data

 Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse      850

 Titanium Alkaline Cleaning Rinse      851
   Raw Wastewater Sampling Data

 Titanium Molten Salt Rinse            853

 Titanium Tumbling Wastewater          854

 Titanium Tumbling Wastewater Raw       855
   Wastewater Sampling Data

 Titanium Sawing or Grinding  Spent      858
   Neat Oils

 Titanium Sawing or Grinding  Spent      859
   Emulsions

 Titanium Sawing or Grinding  Spent      860
   Emulsions Raw Wastewater Sampling
   Data                            y

 Titanium Sawing  or Grinding  Contact    865
   Cooling Water               ,

 Titanium Sawing  or Grinding  Contact    866
  Cooling Water .Raw Wastewater
  Sampling Data

Titanium Dye Penetrant Testing        867
  Wastewater
                           xvn

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table


V-187

V-188


V-189



V-190

V-191


V-192

V-193


V-194



V-195


V-196



V-197

V-198


V-199


V-200



V-201


 V-202

 V-203
                       Title
Titanium Hydrotesting Wastewater

Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control
  Slowdown

Titanium Wet Air Pollution Control
  Slowdown Raw Wastewater Sampling
  Data

Uranium Extrusion Spent Lubricants

Uranium Extrusion Tool Contact
  Cooling Water

Uranium Forging Spent Lubricants

Uranium Heat Treatment Contact
  Cooling Water

Uranium Heat Treatment Contact
  Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
  Sampling Data

Uranium Surface Treatment Spent
  Baths

Uranium Surface Treatment Spent
  Baths Raw Wastewater Sampling
  Data

Uranium Surface Treatment Rinse

Uranium Surface Treatment Rinse
  Raw Wastewater  Sampling Data

Uranium Sawing or Grinding  Spent
  Emulsions

Uranium  Sawing or Grinding  Spent
  Emulsions  Raw Wastewater
   Sampling Data

 Uranium Sawing or Grinding  Contact
   Cooling Water

 Uranium Sawing or Grinding  Rinse

 Uranium Area Cleaning Washwater
                                                           Paqe
868

869


870



873

874


875

876


877



884


885



888

,889


,894


 895



 898


 899

 900
                             xvi 11

-------
                    LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)
 Table
                          Title
                                                            Page
 V-204



 V-205



 V-206




 V-207

 V-208



 V-209

 V-210



 V-211


 V-212

 V-213



 V-214

 V-215
   f


 V-216



 V-217



V-218



V-219

V-220
 Uranium Area Cleaning Washwater       901
   Raw Wastewater Sampling Data

 Uranium Wet Air Pollution Control     908
   Slowdown


 Uranium Wet Air Pollution Control     909
   Slowdown Raw Wastewater Samplina
   Data

 Uranium Drum Washwater                911

 Uranium Drum Washwater Raw            913
   Wastewater Sampling Data

 Uranium Laundry Washwater             917

 Uranium Laundry Washwater Raw         918
   Wastewater Sampling Data

 Zinc Rolling Spent Neat Oils           921

 Zinc Rolling Spent Emulsions           922

 Zinc Rolling Contact  Cooling           923
   Water


 Zinc Drawing Spent Emulsions           924

 Zinc Direct  Chill Casting              925
   Contact Cooling Water

 Zinc Stationary Casting Contact        926
   Codling Water


 Zinc Heat Treatment Contact            927
  Cooling Water

 Zinc Surface Treatment Spent           928
  Baths


Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse          929

Zinc Surface Treatment Rinse          930
  Raw Wastewater Sampling
  Data
                            XIX

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table

V-221

V-222
V-223

V-224

V-225
V-226

V-227

V-228

V-229

 V-230

 V-231

 V-232

 V-233

 V-234

 V-235

 V-236
Title

Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Spent
  Baths
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
Zinc Alkaline Cleaning Rinse
  Raw Wastewater Sampling Data
Zinc Sawing or Grinding Spent
  Emulsions
Zinc Electrocoating  Rinse
Zirconium-Hafnium  Rolling  Spent
  Neat  Oils
Zirconium-Hafnium  Drawing  Spent
  Lubricants
 Zirconium-Hafnium  Extrusion Spent
   Lubricants
 Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Press
   Hydraulic Fluid Leakage
 Zirconium-Hafnium Extrusion Press
   Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Raw
   Wastewater Sampling Data
 Zirconium-Hafnium Swaging Spent
   Neat Oils
 Zirconium-Hafnium Tube Reducing
   Spent  Lubricants
 Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment
   Contact Cooling Water
 Zirconium-Hafnium Heat Treatment
   Contact Cooling Water Raw
   Wastewater  Sampling Data
  Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment
    Spent Baths
  Zirconium-Hafnium Surface Treatment
    Spent Baths Raw Wastewater
    Sampling Data
Page

 935

 936
 937

 942

 943
 944

 945

  946

  947

  948

  949

  950

 "951

   952

   955

   956
                              xx

-------
                      LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
   Table




   V-237




   V-238




  V-239




  V-240


  V-241




  V-242




  V-243




  V-244




 V-245




 V-246






 V-247




 V-248


 V-249




 V-250




 V-251






V-252
Title
                    Surface Treatment    962




                             ^* ^- ccixi j. .nu    y o «j




                    Alkaline Cleaning    954




  Zirconium-Hafnium Molten Salt Rinse   965



                           or  Grinding
                              Binding  967
                          or Grinding
                          °r
Zirconium-Hafnium Inspection and
  Testing Wastewater


Zirconium-Hafnium Inspection and
                                       969




                                       970
                                        /U



                                       971






                              Spent    974



 Zirconium-Hafnium  Degreasing  Rinse    975



 Zi5o^^r«?fniUm  Wet Air Dilution    976
  control Slowdown



Metal Powders Metal Powder Production  977
  Atomization Wastewater    roauction  977



Metal Powders Metal Powder Production  978
  Atomization Wastewater Raw 0aUCClon  978

  Wastewater Sampling Data
                                 rr7S Tumbling^ Burnishing or 980
                                 Wastewater
                            xxi

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
                       Title
                                                           Page
V-253



V-254


V-255


V-256



V-257


V-258



 V-259


 V-260

 V-261


 V-262



 V-263


 V-264


 V-265



  V-266
Metal Powders Tumbling, Burnishing or
  Cleaning Wastewater Raw Wastewater
  Sampling Data

Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
  Spent Neat Oils

Metal powderstSawing or Grinding
  Spent Emulsions

Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
  Spent Emulsions Raw  Wastewater
  Sampling Data

Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
  Contact Cooling Water

Metal Powders Sawing or Grinding
  Contact Cooling Water Raw
  Wastewater  Sampling  Data

 Metal Powders Sizing Spent Neat
   Oils

 Metal Powders Sizing Spent Emulsions

 Metal Powders Steam Treatment Wet
   Air Pollution Control Slowdown

 Metal Powders Steam Treatment Wet
   Air Pollution Control Slowdown
   Raw Wastewater Sampling  Data

 Metal Powders Oil-Resin
   Impregnation Spent  Neat  Oils

 Metal Powders Hot  Pressing Contact
   Cooling Water

 Metal Powders Hot  Pressing Contact
   Cooling Water Raw Wastewater
    Sampling  Data

  Metal  Powders  Mixing  Wet Air
    Pollution Control Slowdown
982




987


988



989




993


994




 995


 996

•997


T998




1001



1002



1003




 1004
                              xxii

-------
                     LIST OF TABLES   (Continued)
  Table



  V-267





  V-268



  V-269



  V-270



  V-271



  V-272



 V-273



 V-274



 V-275
  ' •  .':   iil'li .


 V-276   ::



 V-2,77   )



 V-278
  • '* "
   ' j • .


 V-279



 V-280



 V-281



V-282
  Title
  Metal Powders Mixing Wet Air
    Pollution Control Slowdown
    Raw Wastewater Sampling Data


  Wastewater Treatment Performance
    Data - Plant A


  Wastewater Treatment Performance
    Data - Plant B


  Wastewater Treatment Performance
    Data - Plant D


  Wastewater Treatment Performance
    Data - Plant E


  Wastewater  Treatment Performance
    Data  -  Plant  F


 Wastewater  Treatment  Performance
   Data -  Plant  I


 Wastewater Treatment Performance
   Data - Plant J


 Wastewater Treatment Performance
   Data - Plant M'


 Wastewater Treatment Performance
   Data - Plant Q


 Wastewater Treatment Performance
   Data -? Plant R


 Wastewater Treatment Performance
   Data - Plant S


 Wastewater Treatment Performance
   Data -  Plant T


 Wastewater Treatment Performance
   Data  -  Plant  U


Wastewater Treatment  Performance
   Data  - Plant V


Wastewater Treatment Performance
  Data - Plant W
                                       Page
  1005




  1006



  1009



  1013



  1017



  1025



  1032



 1038



 1041



 1051



 1060



 1062



 1064



 1065



1072



1080
                         xxm

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table


V-283


V-284


V-285


VI-1

VI-2


VI-3



 VI-4


 VI-5


 VI-6



 VI-7
 Title

Wastewater Treatment Performance
  Data - Plant X
Wastewater Treatment Performance
  Data - Plant Y

Wastewater Treatment Performance
  Data - Plant Z

List  of 129  Priority Pollutants

Analytical Quantification  and
  Treatment  Effectiveness  Values

Priority  Pollutant Disposition
  Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming
  Subcategory

 Priority  Pollutant Disposition
   Magnesium Forming Subcategory

 Priority Pollutant Disposition
   Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory

 Priority Pollutant Disposition
   Precious  Metals Forming
   Subcategory

 Priority Pollutant Disposition
   Refractory Metals Forming
   Subcategory
Page


1084


1089


1094


1245

1251


 1255



 1259


 1263


 1273



 1280
Priority Pollutant Disposition
V1~a Titanium yForming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~y Uranium Forming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~1U Zinc Forming Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~J"L Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
Subcategory
Priority Pollutant Disposition
VI~12 Metal Powders Subcategory
xxiv
1287
0.294
1298
1302
1306

-------
                      LIST  OF TABLES  (Continued)
  Table


  VI I-1



  VII-2


  VII-3


  VI1-4



  VII-5



  VIII-6


  VII-7

 VII-8

 VII-9

 VII-10


 VII-11

 VII-12

 VII-13

 VIInl4


 VII-15


 VII-16


VII-17
  Title


  pH Control Effect on Metals
    Removal

  Effectiveness of Sodium Hydroxide
    tor Metals Removal

  Effectiveness of Lime arid Sodium
    Hydroxide for Metals Removal

  Theoretical Solubilities of
    Hydroxides  and Sulfide of
    Selected Metals in Pure Water

  Sampling  Data Prom Sulfide
    Precipitation-Sedimentation
    Systems

  Sulfide Precipitation-Sedimentation
    Performance

  Perrite Co-Precipitation Performance

  Concentration of Total Cyanide

 Multimedia Filter Performance

 Performance of Selected Settlinq
   Systems                       y

 Skimming Performance

 Selected Partition Coefficients

 Trace  Organic  Removal by  Skimming

 Combined Metals  Data  Effluent
  Values
  Page


  1400


  1400


  1401


  1401



  1402



  1403


  1404

  1404

 1405

 1405


 1406

 1407

 1408

 1408
L & S Performance Additional
  Pollutants

Combined Metals Data Set -
  Untreated Wastewater

Maximum Pollutant Level in
  Untreated Wastewater Additional
  Pollutants
1409



1409


1410
                         XXV

-------
                   LIST OP TABLES (Continued)
Table


VII-18


VII-19


VII-20


VII-21

VII-22



VII-23


VII-24


 VII-25


 VII-26

 VII-27


 VII-28

 VII-29

 VII-30


 vin-i



 VIH-2



  VIH-3
                        Title
Precipitation-Settling-Filtration
  (LS&F) Performance Plant A

Precipitation-Settling-Filtration
  (LS&F) Performance Plant B

Precipitation-Settling-Filtration
  (LS&F) Performance Plant C

Summary of Treatment Effectiveness

Summary of Treatment Effectiveness
  for  Selected Nonconventional
  Pollutants

Treatability  Rating of  Priority
  Pollutants

Classes of  Organic Compounds
  Adsorbed  on Carbon

Activated Carbon Performance
   (Mercury)

 Ion Exchange Performance

 Membrane Filtration System
   Effluent

 Peat Adsorption Performance

 Ultrafiltration Performance

 Chemical Emulsion  Breaking
   Efficiencies

 BPT Costs of Compliance  for
   the Nonferrdus  Metals
   Forming  Category

 BAT Costs  of Compliance  for  the
   Nonferrous Metals  Forming
   Category

  PSES  Costs of Compliance for the
    Nonferrous Metals  Forming
    Category
Page


1411


1412


1413


1414

1415



 1416


'1417


 1418


 1418

 1419
j
1419

1420

1421


1508



1509



1510
                             xxvi

-------
                     LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
  Table




  VIII-4




  VIII-5



  VIII-6



 VIII-7



 VI'II-8



 VIII-9


 VIII-10


 VIII-11



 VIII-12



 VI11-13



 VIII-14


 VII1-15



VHI-16



IX-1




IX-2
    Title
  Nonferrous Metals Forming Category
    Cost Equations for Recommended
    Treatment and Control Technologies

  Components of Total Capital
    Investment   •


  Components of Total Annualized
    Investment    .'.'•.


  Wastewater Sampling Frequency



  Pollutant  Parameter Important  to
   Treatment  System  Design


  Sludge to  Influent/Flow Ratios

  Key to Cost Curves  and Equations

 Cost Equations Used in Cost Curve
   Method            ;


 Number of Plants for Which Costs
   Were Scaled ;From Similar Plants

 Flow Reduction Recycle Ratio and
   Association Cost Assumptions

 Segregation .Cost Basis


 Nonferrous  Metals Forming  Solid
   Waste Generation  ;


 Nonferrous  Metals Forming  Enerqv
   Consumption        ,


 Potential Preliminary  Treatment
   Requirements  Lead-Tin-Bismuth
   Forming Subcategory


'Potential Preliminary  Treatment
   Requirements Magnesium Forming
   Subcategory                 -
                                       Page
  1511
  1518



  1519



  1520



  1521



 1522


 1523


 1524



 1525



 1526



 1528


 1529



 1530



 1626




1627
                        .xxvii  :

-------
                  LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)
                       Title
                                                           Pac
                                                           1628
IX-4



IX-5



IX-6



IX-7



 IX-8



 IX-9



 IX-10



 IX-11



 IX-12


 IX-13



  IX-14
Potential Preliminary Treatment
  Requirements Nickel-Cobalt
  Forming Subcategory

Potential Preliminary Treatment
  Requirements Precious Metals
  Forming Subcategory

Potential Preliminary Treatment
  Requirements Refractory Metals
  Forming Subcategory

Potential Preliminary Treatment
  Requirements Titanium Forming
  Subcategory

Potential Preliminary Treatment
  Requirements Uranium  Forming
   Subcategory

 Potential Preliminary Treatment
   Requirements Zinc Forming
   Subcategory

 Potential Preliminary Treatment
   Requirements Zirconium-Hafnium
   Forming Subcategory

 Potential Preliminary  Treatment
   Requirements Metal Powders
   Subcategory

 BPT  Regulatory Flows for Production:. 1639
   Operations - Lead-Tin-Bismuth
   Forming  Subcategory

  Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming  Subcategory 1641
   BPT Effluent  Limitations

  BPT Regulatory  Flows for-  Production  1648
    Operations -  Magnesium Forming
    Subcategory
                                                           1630
1631
1633
1635
 1636
 1637
 1638
  Magnesium Forming Subcategory BPT
    Effluent Limitations
  1649
                                  XXVlll

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)
Table
Title
Page
IX-15



IX-16


IX-17



IX-18


IX-19



IX-20


IX-21



IX-22


IX-23


IX-24


IX-25



IX-26


IX-27



IX-28
BPT Regulatory Flows for Production  1653
  Operations - Nickel-Cobalt
  Forming Subcategory

Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory    1656
  BPT Effluent Limitations

BPT Regulatory Flows for Production  1670
  Operations - Precious Metals
  Forming Subcategory

Precious Metals Forming Subcategory  1672
  BPT Effluent Limitations

BPT Regulatory Flows for Production  1682
  Operations - Refractory Metals
  Forming Subcategory

Refractory Metals Forming Subcate-   1684
  gory BPT Effluent Limitations

BPT Regulatory Flows for Production  1701
  Operations - Titanium Forming
  Subcategory

Titanium Forming Subcategory BPT     1703
  Effluent Limitations

BPT Regulatory Flows 'for Production  1715
  Operations - Uranium Forming

•Uranium Forming Subcategory BPT      1717
  Effluent Limitations

.BPT Regulatory Flows for Production  1724
  Operations - Zinc Forming
  Subcategory

Zinc Forming Subcategory BPT         1725
  Effluent Limitations

BPT Regulatory Flows for Production  1731
  Operations - Zirconium-Hafnium
  Forming Subcategory

Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate-   1733
  gory BPT Effluent Limitations
                             xxix

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)
Table
Title
Pac
IX-2 9
IX-30
IX-31
IX-32
IX-33
BPT Regulatory Flbws for Production  1741
  Operations - Metal Powders
  Subcategory

Metal Powders Subcategory BPT        1742
  Effluent Limitations

Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1748
  Refractory Metals Forming Plant X
  in Example 1 (Nickel)

Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1749
  Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Plant Y
  in Example 2 (Total Suspended
  Solids)

Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1751
  Nickel-Cobalt and Titanium Forming
  Plant Z in Example 3 (Nickel)      ,
IX-34



X-l


X-2


X-3




X-4




X-5
Allowable Discharge Calculations for 1753
  Nickel-Cobalt and Titanium Forming
  Plant Z in Example 3 (Cyanide)

Capital and Annual Cost Estimates    1794
  for BAT (PSES) Total Subcategory     ;

Capital and Annual Cost Estimates    1795
  for BAT Direct Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals .Forming Pollutant  1796
  Reduction.Benefit Estimates Lead-
  Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
  Total Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1797
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Magnesium Forming Subcategory
  Total Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1798
  Reduction Benefit Estimates         ';.;
  Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory
  Total Subcategory
                          XXX

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
Page
X-6
X-7
X-8
X-9
X-10
X-ll
X-12
X-13
X-14
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1799
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Precious
  Metals Forming Subcategory Total
  Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1800
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Refractory Metals Forming
  Subcategory Total Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1801
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Titanium Forming Subcategory Total
  Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1802
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Uranium Forming Subcategory Total
  Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1803
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Zinc
  Forming Subcategory Total
  Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1804
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
  Subcategory Total Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1805
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Metal
  Powders Subcategory Total
  Subcategory

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1806
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Lead-
  Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
  Direct Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1807
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Magnesium Forming Subcategory
  Direct Dischargers
                           xxxi

-------
                   LIST OF,TABLES (Continued)
Table
 Title
X-15




X-16




X-17




X-18




X-19




X-20



X-21



X-22



X-23


X-24
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1808
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Nickel-
  Cobalt Forming Subcategory Direct
  Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1809
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Precious Metals Forming Subcategory
  Direct Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1810
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Refractory Metals Forming
  Subcategory Direct Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1811
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Titanium Forming Subcategory
  Direct Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1812
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Uranium
  Forming Subcategory Direct
  Dischargers
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Zinc
  Forming Subcategory
1813
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1814
  Reduction Estimates Zirconium-
  Hafnium Forming Direct Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  1815
  Reduction Estimates Metal Powders
  Subcategory Direct Dischargers

Options Selected as the Technology   1816
  Basis for BAT

BAT Regulatory Flows for the Produc- 1817
  tion Operations - Lead-Tin-Bismuth
  Forming Subcategory
                            xxxn

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
 Title
Pa<
X-25


X-26



X-27


X-28



X-29


X-30



X-31


X-32



X-33


X-34



X-35


X-36
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 1819
  BAT Effluent Limitations

BAT Regulatory Flows for the Produc- 1824
  tion Operations - Magnesium Forming
  Subcategory
Magnesium Forming Subcategory BAT
  Effluent Limitations
1825
BAT Regulatory Flows for the Produc- 1829
  tion Operations - Nickel-Cobalt
  Forming Subcategory

Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory    1832
  BAT Effluent Limitations

BAT Regulatory Flows for the         1845
  Production Operations - Precious
    Metal Forming Subcategory

Precious Metals Forming Subcategory  1847
  BAT Effluent Limitations

BAT Regulatory Flows for the         1856
  Production Operations - Refractory
  Metals Forming Subcategory

Refractory Metals Forming Subcate-   1858
  gory BAT Effluent Limitations

BAT Regulatory Flows for the         1869
  Production Operations -
  Titanium Forming Subcategory

Titanium Forming Subcategory BAT     1871
  Effluent Limitations

BAT:Regulatory Flows for the         1882
  Production Operations - Uranium
  Forming Subcategory
                         XXXlll

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES  (Continued)
Table
Title
Paqe
X-37


X-38



X-39


X-40




X-41



X-42



X-43


XI-1


XI-2


XI-3


XI-4


XI-5


XI-6


XI-7
Uranium Forming Subcategory BAT
  Effluent Limitations

BAT Regulatory Flows for the
  Production Operations - Zinc
  Forming Subcategory

Zinc Forming Subcategory BAT
  Effluent Limitations

BAT Regulatory Flows for the
  Production Operations -
  Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
  Subcategory

Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
  Subcategory BAT Effluent
  Limitations

BAT Regulatory Flows for the
  Production Operations - Metal
  Powders Subcategory

Metal Powders Subcategory BAT
  Effluent Limitations

Options Selected as the Bases
  for NSPS
1884
1889
1890
1896
1898
1906
1907
1919
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 1920
  New Source Performance Standards

Magnesium Forming Subcategory New    1927
  Source Performance Standards

Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory    1931
  New Source Performance Standards

Precious Metals Forming Subcategory  1946
  New Source Performance Standards

Refractory Metals Forming Subcate-   1956
  gory New Source Performance Standards
Titanium Forming Subcategory New
  Source Performance Standards
1973
                            xxxiv

-------
                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
Title
XI-8
XI-9
XI-10
XI-11
XII-1
XII-2
XII-3
XII-4
XII-5
XII-6
XII-7
Uranium Forming Subcategory New
  Source Performance Standards

Zinc Forming Subcategory New
  Source Performance Standards
1986
1993
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate-   1999
  gory New Source Performance Standards

Metal Powders Subcategory New Source 2006
  Performance Standards

POTW Removals of the Toxic Pollu-    2019
  tants Found in Nonferrous Metals
  Forming Wastewater

Pollutant Removal Percentages for    2021
  BAT or PSES Model Technology By
  Subcategory

Option Selected as the Model         2022
  Technology Basis for PSES and
  PSNS

Capital and Annual Cost Estimates    2023
  for PSES Options Indirect
  Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2025
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Lead-
  Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory
  Indirect Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2026
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Magnesium
  Forming Subcategory Indirect
  Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2027
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Nickel-
  Cobalt Forming Subcategory Indirect
  Dischargers
                          xxxv

-------
                   LIST OP TABLES  (Continued)
Table
 Title
XII-8
XII-9
XII-10
XII-11
XII-12
XII-13
XII-14
XII-15
XII-16
XII-17
Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2028
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Precious
  Metals Forming Subcategory Indirect
  Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2029
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Refractory
  Metals Forming Subcategory Indirect
  Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2030
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Titanium
  Forming Subcategory Indirect
  Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2031
  Reduction Benefit Estimates
  Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcategory
  Indirect Dischargers

Nonferrous Metals Forming Pollutant  2032
  Reduction Benefit Estimates Metal
  Powders Subcategory Indirect
  Dischargers

Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 2033
  Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources

Magnesium Forming Subcategory        2038
  Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources

Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory    2042
  Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources

Precious Metals Forming Subcategory  2055
  Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources

Refractory Metals Forming Subcate-   2064
  gory Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources
                          xxxvi

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                   LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table
 Title
                                                           Paqe
XII-18



XII-19



XII-20


XII-21



XII-22
Titanium Forming Subcategory
  Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources

Uranium Forming Subcategory
  Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources
                                                           2075
2085
Zinc Forming Subcategory Pretreat-   2091
  ment Standards for Existing Sources
Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate-
  gory Pretreatment Standards for
  Existing Sources
2097
Metal Powders Subcategory Pretreat-  2105
  ment Standards for Existing Sources
XII-23
XII-24
XII-25
XII-26
 XII-27
 XII-28
Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming Subcategory 2110
  Pretreatment Standards for
  New Sources

Magnesium Forming Subcategory        2115
  Pretreatment Standards for New
  Sources

Nickel-Cobalt Forming Subcategory    2119
  Pretreatment Standards for
  New Sources

Precious Metals Forming Subcategory  2132
  Pretreatment Standards for
  New Sources

Refractory Metals Forming  Subcate-   2141
  gory  Pretreatment  Standards  for
  New Sources

Titanium Forming Subcategory         2152
  Pretreatment Standards for
  New Sources
                          xxxvii

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                   LIST OP TABLES  (Continued)
Table
Title
                                                           Page
XII-29



XII-30


XII-31



XII-32
Uranium Forming Subcategory          2162
  Pretreatment Standards for
  New Sources

Zinc Forming Subcategory Pretreat-   2168
  ment Standards for New Sources

Zirconium-Hafnium Forming Subcate-   2174
  gory Pretreatment Standards for New
  Sources

Metal Powders Subcategory Pretreat-  2182
  ment Standards for New Sources
                         XXXVlll

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                         LIST OP FIGURES
Figure

III-l


III-2


III-3

III-4

III-5

III-6

III-7

III-8

III-9

111-10

III-ll

111-12

111-13

111-14

111-15

111-16

111-17

111-18

111-19

111-20

111-21

111-22

111-23

111-24
 Title                                   Page

Geographical Distribution of Nonferrous   360
  Forming Plants

Sequence of Nonferrous Metals Forming     361
  Operations

Common Rolling Mill Configurations        362

Reversing Hot Strip Mill                  363

4-High Cold Rolling Mill                  364

Tube Drawing                              365

Hydraulic Draw Bench                      366

Direct Extrusion                          367

Extrusion Press                           368

Extrusion Tooling and Setup               369

Forging                                   370

Ring Rolling                              371

Impacting                                 372

Some Clad Configurations                  373

Atomization                               374

Powder Metallurgy Die Compaction          375

Direct Chill Casting                      376

Direct Chill (D.C.) Casting Unit          377

Continuous Sheet Casting                  378

Continuous Strip Casting        ;          379

Shot Casting                              380

Roller Hearth Annealing Furnace           381

Bulk Pickling Tank                        382

Continuous Pickling Line                  383
                              xxxix

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Figure
111-25
V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
V-6
V-7
V-8
V-9
V-10
V-ll
V-12
V-l 3
V-l 4
V-l 5
V-16
V-17
V-18
V-19
V-20
V-21
     LIST OF FIGURES  (Continued)
Title
Vapor Degreaser
Wastewater Sources at Plant A
Wastewater Sources at Plant B
Wastewater Sources at Plant C
Wastewater Sources at Plant D
Wastewater Sources at Plant E
Wastewater Sources at Plant F
Wastewater Sources at Plant G
Wastewater Sources at Plant I
Wastewater Sources at Plant J
Wastewater Sources at Plant K
Wastewater Sources at Plant L
Wastewater Sources at Plant M
Wastewater Sources at Plant N
Wastewater Sources at Plant O
Wastewater Sources at Plant P
Was.tewater Sources at Plant Q
Wastewater Sources at Plant R
Wastewater Sources at Plant S
Wastewater Sources at Plant T
Wastewater Sources at Plant V
Wastewater Sources at Plant Z
Page
 384
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
                               xl

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                   LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure

VII-1



VII-2

VII-3


VII-4


VII-5


VII-6


VII-7


VII-8


VII-9


VII-10


VII-11


VII-12


VII-13


VII-14

VII-15

VII-16

VII-17

VII-18
Title                                   Page

Comparative Solubilities of Metal       1422
  Hydroxides and Sulfide as a
  Function of pH

Lead Solubility in Three Alkalies       1423

Effluent Zinc Concentrations vs.        1424
  Minimum Effluent pH

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1425
  Effectiveness - Cadmium

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1426
  Effectiveness - Chromium

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1427
  Effectiveness - Copper

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1428
  Effectiveness - Lead       '

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1429
  Effectiveness - Nickel and Aluminum

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1430
  Effectiveness - Zinc      :.''•>•-

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1431
  Effectiveness - Iron

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1432
  Effectiveness - Manganese

Hydroxide Precipitation Sedimentation   1433
  Effectiveness - TSS

Hexavalent Chromium Reduction with      1434
  Sulfur Dioxide

Granular Bed Filtration                 1435

Pressure Filtration                     1436

Representative Types of Sedimentation   1437

Activated Carbon Adsorption Column      1438

Centrifugation                          1439
                               xli

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  LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure
VII-19
VII-20
VII-21
VII-22
VII-23
VII-24
VII-25
VII-26
VII-27
VII-28
VII-29
VII-30
VII-31
VII-32
VII-33
VII-34
VII-35
VII-36
VII-37
VII-38
Title
Treatment of Cyanide Waste by Alkaline
Chlorination
Typical Ozone Plant for Waste Treatment
UV/Ozonation
Types of Evaporation Equipment
Dissolved Air Flotation
Gravity Thickening
Ion Exchange with Regeneration
Simplified Reverse Osmosis Schematic .
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Configurations
Sludge Drying Bed
Simplified Ultraf iltration Flow
Schematic
Vacuum Filtration
Flow Diagram for Emulsion Breaking with
Chemicals
Filter Configurations
Gravity Oil/Water Separator
Flow Diagram for a Batch Treatment
Ultraf iltration System
Flow Diagram of Activated Carbon
Adsorption with Regeneration
Flow Diagram for Recycling with a
Coolint Tower
Countercurrent Rinsing (Tanks)
Effect of Added Rinse Stages on Water
Page
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
Use
              xlii

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                   LIST OF FIGURES  ( Continued)
Figure '

VIII-1


VIII-2


VIII-3


VII1-4'


VIII-5


VIII-6


VIII-7


viii-8

, ' , '-• "   •- 3
VIII-9


VIII-10


VIII-11


'VIII-12

VIII-13

VIII-14


 VIII-15


 VIII-16


 VIII-17
General Logic Diagram of Computer
  Cost Model  .
       •'  ,    •

Logic Diagram of Module Design
  Procedure   "

Logic Diagram of the Cost
  .Estimation Routine

Capital Cost of a Spray Rinsing
  '.System
Page

1531


1532


1533


1534
Capital and Annual Costs of Aerated   1535
  Rectangular Fiberglass Tanks

Capital,and Annual Costs of Centri-   1536
  fugal Pumps

Capital and Annual Costs of Cooling   1537
  Towers ,and Holding Tank

Capital and Annual Costs of Holding   1538
  Tanks and Recycle Piping

Capital and Annual Costs of           1539
  Equalization  .  . '   .

Capital and Annual Costs of Cyanide   1540
  Precipitation

Capital and Annual Costs of Chromium  1541
  Reduction

Capital Costs of  Iron  Coprecipitation 1542

Annual  Costs; of iron Copre.cipitation  1543

Capital and Annual Costs of Chemical  1544
  Emulsion Breaking                 *

Capital and Annual Costs of Ammonia   1545
  Steam Stripping

Capital'and Annual Costs of Chemical  1546
  Precipitation

Capital Costs  for Carbon Steel Vacuum 1547
  Filters
                              xliii

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Figure

VIII-18


VIII-19

VIII-20


VIII-21

XI-1


X-l



X-2
    LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Title                                  Page

  Capital Costs for Stainless Steel    1548
    Vacuum Filters

  Annual Costs for Vacuum Filters      1549

  Capital and Annual Costs for Multi-  1550
    media and Cartridge Filtration

  Annual Costs for Contract Hauling    1551

  BPT Treatment Train for the Non-     1755
    ferrous Metals Forming Category

  BAT Option 1 and 2 Treatment Train   1912
    for  the Nonferrous Metals Forming
    Category

  BAT Option 3 Treatment  Train for     1913
    the  Nonferrous Metals Forming
    Category
                              xliv

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                            .SECTION I
                            i , i

                     SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated
effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the  nonferrous
metals  forming  and metal powders category pursuant to  Sections
301,  304,  306, 307, and 501 of the Clean Water Act.  For conve-
nience,  this  category is referred to as the  nonferrous  metals
forming  category in this document.   The promulgated  regulation
contains   effluent  limitations  for  best  practicable  control
technology currently available (BPT), and best available technol-
ogy  economically  achievable  (BAT),  as  well  as  pretreatment
standards for new and existing sources (PSNS and PSES),  and  new
source performance standards (NSPS).

This  development  document highlights the technical  aspects  of
EPA's  study  of the nonferrous metals  forming  category.   This
document  and  the  Administrative Record provide  the  technical
basis  for promulgating the;effluent limitations  guidelines  and
pretreatment standards.     ;

The  Agency's economic analysis of the regulation is set forth in
a  separate  document  entitled  Economic  Analysis  of  Effluent
Limitations  and Standards  for the Nonferrous Metals Forming  and
Metal Powders Point  Source  Category.   That document is available
from  the Office of  Analysis and  Evaluation,  Economic  Analysis
Staff, WH-586, USEPA, Washington, D.C., 20460.

METHODOLOGY                 '

To develop  the   effluent  limitations guidelines  and  standards
presented in this  document,  the Agency characterized the category
by subdividing  it,  collecting  raw  and treated wastewater samples,
and   examining water usage  and discharge   rates,  and  production
processes.   To  gather data about  the category,  EPA developed  a
data   collection   portfolio  (dcp)  or  questionnaire  to   collect
information  regarding  plant  size,   age and  production,   the
production  processes used, the quantity  of  process  wastewater
used  and discharged, wastewater  treatment in place, and disposal
practices.   The dcps were  sent to 377 firms known  or believed to
perform nonferrous metals forming.   The  responses  were  reviewed,
and it was determined  that  334 plants performed  nonferrous metals
 forming.

As  a next step,   EPA  conducted a  sampling and  analytical  program
 to  characterize  the raw  (untreated) and  treated  process   waste-
 water.    This   program was carried out  in  two   stages.    Screen
 sampling  was  performed at  16  facilities,   each representing  the
 forming  of   a  particular  nonferrous metal or  group  of   metals.
 Samples  were  collected from wastewater  sources   associated  with
 the major manufacturing processes in this category,  i.e.,  forming
 by  rolling,   drawing,   extruding,  forging,   and cladding opera-
 tions,  as  well  as associated  processes,  including  cleaning,

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 etching,   solution  heat  treatment,   and  annealing,   among  others.
 Each   of   the  samples .was  analyzed  to  determine  the  presence   or
 absence,   and ;if present,   the  concentration,  of  128 of the '  129
 toxic  priority pollutants,  plus conventional and selected  noncon-
 ventional  pollutants.    The toxic pollutant TCDD was not analyzed
 for  because an analytical  standard for  TCDD was judged to be  too
 hazardous   to  be   made  generally   available.  , After  proposal,
 wastewater sampling was  conducted at nine  facilities.   A  discus-
 sion   of   the  sampling and  analysis methods,  and  procedures   is
 presented  in Section V.                                       .

 The  Agency examined  -the  metals formed  and  the   manufacturing
 processes  reported  in the dcps  for  each  nonferrous metals  forming
 operation.     This  information,  combined with  the  wastewater
 characterization data obtained  from sampling visits  and  reported
 by  the  nonferrous metals  forming  plants,  became the  principle
 bases   for subcategorizing  this   category.    Based  on  this
 information, EPA determined that the most  appropriate approach  to
 subcategorizing this category is by the  metals formed.  A  discus-
 sion of the subcategorization scheme is  presented  in Section   IV.
 For  this  rulemaking,  the  nonferrous  metals forming point source
 category   has  been divided into 10  subcategories  based   on   the
 differences in wastewater  quantity and  quality  related to metal
 type formed.   The 10 subcategories  are.:
      1.  Lead-Tin-Bismuth. Forming,
      2.  Magnesium Forming,
      3.  Nickel-Cobalt Forming,
      4.  Precious Metals Forming,
      5.  Refractory Metals Forming,
      6.  Titanium Forming,
      7.  Uranium Forming,          ,
      8.  Zinc Forming,
      9.  Zirconium-Hafnium Forming, and
     10.  Metal Powders.          ,  .
Each  subcategory  is  further subdivided into major  sources  of
wastewater for specific limitation within the regulation.   Other
sources of wastewater hot directly related to; metal forming, such
as  stormwater  runoff  or sanitary  water,  generally  were  not
considered for specific limitation by the regulation.  The Agency
believes wastewater"sources of this type are  site-specific,  and
they  are best handled on a case-by-case basis.   Each wastewater
source  identified  for this rulemaking,  with the  exception  of
uranium laundry wash water,  was production^normalized.  That is,
each  waste stream was characterized by the volume of  wastewater
discharged  per unit of production.   Uranium laundry wash  water
was  characterized  by the volume of  wastewater  discharged  per
employee per day.   The limitations at BPT,  BAT, NSPS, PSES, and
PSNS  are based on the effluent flow and< the treatment effective-
ness.

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There are 158 plants identified in the nonferrous metals   forming
point  source  category  discharging an  estimated   5.14   billion
liters  per  year   (1.36  billion gallons per  year)  of   process
wastewater.    Untreated,   this   process  wastewater    contains
approximately  393,000  kilograms (866,000  pounds)   of   priority
pollutants,  and  1.53 million kilograms  (3.37 million pounds)  of
conventional  and   nonconventional  pollutants.   The pollutants
present   in   the  highest  concentrations  and    selected   for
consideration for each subcategory are presented  in Section VI.

EPA  studied the characteristics of the untreated   wastewater  in
each  subcategory   for the purpose of selecting  in-plant   control
and  end-of-pipe  treatment options.   The  Agency   also   studied
various  :end-of-pipe technologies to treat  the pollutants present
in the identified process wastewaters, including:


     -  Chemical precipitation and sedimentation (lime  and
        settle),                            •     „
        Chemical emulsion breaking,
     -  Oil  skimming,
     -  Ammonia steam  stripping,                 v
     -  Cyanide oxidation or precipitation,
        Chromium reduction,                      e
     -  Multimedia  filtration, and
     -   Ion  exchange.

                                             '**•--: r .
EPA  also  studied various  types  of  in-plant qpntf.ols reported  in
the  dcps  and  observed during  sampling.    The,  i;n-plant  controls
studied  included:                             - -or  -
                                             ' i""  ?[;

         Reuse  of process wastewater          .-, , .,,-
      -   Recycle of  contact  cooling  water and^air;^pollution
         control scrubber liquor, and        ^L-;.-,^  \ ..
         Countercurrent cascade rinsing.
                       •   ' •   -  r             •- /      - -  •••  t
 Engineering  model costs were estimated for each, of the treatment
 options  considered for the category on a  plint-by-plant  basis.
 These  costs were then used by the Agency to^e^timate the  impact
 of  implementing the various options on the industry.   For  each
 subcategory for each control and treatment option, ;; the number of
 potential closures,  number of employees affected,,  and impact on
 price were estimated.  These results are reported in. the Economic
 Impact Assessment. ,   -•••;.•••                    >»-;^w v ...-.••••

 The  Agency then reviewed each of the treatment;., opt ions for  each
 subcategory to determine the estimated mass of pollutant   removed
 by  the application/of each treatment technology.   The amount of
 pollutant removal after the application of the treatment technol-
 ogy  is  referred to as the benefit.   The  methodology  used  to
 calculate the pollutant removal estimates is presented in  Section
 X.

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 TECHNOLOGY BASIS FOR LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS

 BPT
   _  general,   the  BPT level represents the average of  the  best
 existing performances of plants of various ages,  sizes,  processes
 or  other common characteristics.    Where existing performance is
 uniformly  inadequate  BPT  may be transferred from  a  different
 subcategory  or  category.   In balancing costs  in  relation  to
 effluent reduction benefits,  EPA  considers the volume and nature
 of  discharges  expected  after application of  BPT  the  general
 environmental effects of the pollutants,  cost  and economic impact
 of the required pollution control  level.

 After   examining the  various treatment  technologies,   the   Agency
 has  identified BPT to represent the average of the best  existing
 technology.    EPA is  promulgating  mass  limitations based on model
 end-of-pipe   treatment  which  consists  of oil   skimming,   lime
 precipitation  and sedimentation  technology.   Chemical  emulsion
 breaking,   chromium   reduction,    cyanide  removal,    iron   co-
 precipitation,   and  ammonia steam stripping are  included  in  the
 model  technology as preliminary treatments when  necessary.

 BAT

 The    BAT  technology  level  represents   the   best   economically
 achievable  performance   of   plants  of  various    ages,    sizes,
 processes  or  other shared characteristics.    As  with BPT,   where
 existing  performance  is  uniformly  inadequate,   BAT  may  be
 transferred   from a different  subcategory  or category.   BAT may
 include feasible  process  changes or  internal controls,   even when
 not  common industry practice.

 In   developing  BAT,   EPA  has  given substantial   weight   to the
 reasonableness  of  costs.    The Agency  considered  the  volume and
 nature  of  discharges,  the  volume  and   nature  of  discharges
 expected  after   application of BAT,  the   general  environmental
 effects  of the pollutants and  the costs and economic  impacts  of
 the   required  •  pollution   control    levels.      Despite   this
 consideration  of costs,   the primary determinant  of  BAT is  still
 effluent reduction  capability.

 The  _ direct  dischargers  are  expected   to  move  directly   to
 compliance  with BAT  limitations from existing treatment  because
 the  flow reduction used to meet BAT limitations would allow  the
 use of smaller — and less expensive — lime and settle equipment
 than  would  be  used  to  meet  BPT  limitations  without    flow
 reduction.

To  meet  the  BAT effluent limitations based on this  technology,
 the nonferrous metals forming point source category is  estimated
 to  incur  a capital cost of $603,000 (1982 dollars) and a   total
annual  cost of $202,000 (1982 dollars)  above the costs  required

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for  BPT.   The  Agency  predicts no  additional  plant  or  line
closures  as a result of these costs.   If the average compliance
cost  incurred  by the plants in the industry were passed  on  to
consumers,  price increases would range from 0.1 to 1.9  percent;
about  the  same  as  the BPT increases.   Thus  the  Agency  has
determined that BAT is. economically achievable.

NSPS

Best  demonstrated technology,  which is the technical  basis  of
NSPS,  is  lime,  settle,  and filter with in-process controls to
reduce  wastewater flows for all subcategories  except  lead-tin-
bismuth forming, titanium forming, zirconium-hafnium forming, and
metal  powders.   EPA  is .  promulgating NSPS for  the  lead-tin-
bismuth forming,  titanium forming,  zirconium—hafnium  forming,
and  metal powders subcategories on the basis of lime and  settle
with  in-process  controls  to  reduce  wastewater  flows.    The
subcategories  which  have  more stringent requirements  for  new
sources  than  for existing sources are  magnesium  forming,  and
metal powders.   In, selecting best demonstrated  technology,  EPA
recognizes  ,that new plants have the opportunity to implement the
best  and most efficient manufacturing processes and control  and
treatment technology.

Since  NSPS is based on the same model technology as BAT for  all
but two subcategories, the Agency does not believe that NSPS will
constitute  a  barrier to entry for new  sources,  prevent  major
modifications  to  existing  sources  or  produce  other  adverse
economic  effects.   The  NSPS promulgated for the  metal  powder
subcategory  incorporates  in-process control, technologies  that
will reduce the overall cost of treatment from the cost  existing
sources will incure.   NSPS promulgated for the magnesium forming
category  included the addition of a polishing filter to the end-
of-pipe treatment.  The Agency does not believe this will cause  a
barrier  to  entry for new sources because a new source  has  the
opportunity to design the plant with flow reduction  technologies
included  in  the design and thus will not have costs  associated
with retrofitting in-process or treatment equipment into the  new
facility.                                   ;

PSES                                        i':. :

PSES   (pretreatment standards for existing sources) are  designed
to prevent  the  discharge of  pollutants  which  pass  through,
interfere  with or are otherwise  incompatible with the  operation
of  POTW.    Pretreatment  standards  are  technology-based  and
analogous  to the best available  technology for-removal of  toxic
pollutants.  EPA is promulgating  PSES based on the application of
technology equivalent to BAT with the exception of the refractory
metals  forming,  uranium forming,, and zinc  forming subcategories.
For  the  refractory  metals  forming   subcategory,   the  Agency
selected  PSES  based  on .lime  precipitation  and  sedimentation
technology,    in   conjunction    with   the    in-process   control
technologies.  The uranium forming and  zinc forming subcategories
are  excluded from PSES.

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To  meet  the pretreatment standards for  existing  sources,  the
nonferrous  metals forming point source category is estimated  to
incur a capital cost of $7.5 million (1982 dollars) and an annual
cost of $4 million (1982 dollars).    The Agency has excluded the
zinc  forming subcategory on the basis of economic  impact,   the
Agency estimates that PSES could cause the closure of the  larger
of the two indirect dischargers in this subcategory.   Aside from
the  zinc  forming subcategory the Agency estimates there may  be
two  titanium  forming  plant closures  affecting  56  employees.,
Total production loss would be less than one percent.   Thus, the
Agency has determined that PSES is economically achievable.

PSNS
Like  PSES,  PSNS  (pretreatment standards for new  sources)  are
established  to  prevent the discharge of pollutants which  pass-
through,  interfere with,  or are otherwise incompatible with the
operation of the POTW.  New indirect dischargers, like new direct
dischargers,   have  the  opportunity  to  incorporate  the  best
available  demonstrated technologies including  process  changes,
in-plant controls and end-of-pipe treatment technologies,  and to
use  plant  site  selection to ensure adequate  treatment  system
installation.

This  regulation establishes mass-based PSNS for  the  nonferrous
forming  category.   The treatment technology basis for the  PSNS
being  promulgated  is identical to the treatment technology  set
forth as the basis for the NSPS being promulgated.  The Agency is
promulgating PSNS for the uranium forming and zinc subcategories.

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                           SECTION II
                         'RECOMMENDATIONS
1.    EPA has,divided the nonferrous metals forming category into
ten  subcategories  for the purpose of effluent , limitations  and
standards.  These subcategories are:

          Lead-Tin-Bismuth .Forming    '
   •  -    Magnesium Forming
          Nickel-Cobalt Forming                               ,,
          Precious Metals Forming
          Refractory Metals Forming
     -    Titanium Forming
     -    Uranium Forming
          Zinc Forming                      .'  ' , ., .          , ::
     -    Zirconium-Hafnium Forming
     -    Metal' Powders                         :

2.    BPT  is  being  promulgated based on  the  model  treatment
technology  of  flow equalization,,  oil  skimming,   and  chemical
precipitation and sedimentation (lime and settle) technology, and
where  appropriate,  ammonia steam stripping,  chemical  emulsion
breaking,  chromium reduction,  and cyanide precipitation.   Iron
coprecipitation  is  included in,this model treatment  technology
for  removal of the pollutant molybdenum from wastewaters in  the
refractory  metals  and  uranium  forming   subcategories.    The
following  BPT  effluent  limitations are being  promulgated  for
existing sources:

3.    BAT  is  being  promulgated based on  the  model  treatment
technology   of  flow  equalization,   oil   skimming,   chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation,  and filtration  (lime, settle, and
filter)  technology,   and  in-process  flow   reduction   control
methods, and where appropriate, ammonia steam  stripping, chemical
emulsion breaking,  chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation
for  the  nickel-cobalt,  refractory metals,   uranium,  and  zinc
forming subcategories.   Iron coprecipitation  is included in this
model   treatment  technology  for  removal  of   the   pollutant
molybdenum  from wastewaters in the refractory metals and uranium
forming  subcategories.   BAT is being promulgated based  on  the
model  treatment technology of flow equalization,  oil  skimming,
chemical   precipitation  and  sedimentation   (lime  and  settle)
technology,  and in-process flow reduction control  methods,  and
where  appropriate,  ammonia steam stripping,  chemical  emulsion
breaking,  chromium reduction,  and cyanide precipitation for the
lead-tin-bismuth,   'magnesium,  precious  metals,  titanium,  and
zirconium-hafnium   forming   subcategories.     BAT   is   being
promulgated  based  on  the model treatment   technology  of  flow
equalization,   oil  skimming,  and  chemical  precipitation  and
sedimentation    (lime   and   settle)   technology,   and   where
appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical emulsion breaking,

-------
chromium  reduction,  and  cyanide  precipitation for  the  metal
powders subcategory.   The following BAT effluent limitations are
being promulgated for existing sources:
                                8

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SUBPART A:  BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH
            FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a)  Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                0.068
                0.010
                0.468
                0.960
  0.030
  0.005
  0.281
  0.457
PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                0.125
                0.019
                0.860
                1.80
  0.055
  0.009
  0.520
  0.840
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BPT
     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.

-------
 (d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                0.076
                0.011
                0.526
                1.08
  0.034
  0.005
  0.316
  0.513
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - BPT
Pollutant or   .,
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                0.022
                0.003
                0.149
                0.306
  0.010
  0.002
  0.090
  0.146
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               10

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(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
    Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
4.14
0.605
28.80
59,10
range of 7.5
1.850
0.288
17.30
28.10
to 10.0 at all times
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                0.158
                0.023
                1.10
                2.26
  0.071
  0.011
  0.660
  1.07
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               11

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 (h) Continuous  Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
Oil S Grease
TSS
                          0.003
                          0.0004
                          0.020
                          0.041
                                   0.001
                                   0.0002
                                   0.012
                                   0.020
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
    Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                0.085
                0.013
                0.588
                1.21
pH
                                             0.038
                                             0.006
                                             0.353
                                             0.574
Within-the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               12

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(j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                0.107
                0.016
                Q.746
                1.53
  0.048
  0.008
  0.448
  0.728
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                1.69
                6.247
               11.8
               24.1
  0.753
  0.118
  7.06
 11.5
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               13

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(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                0.345
                0.051
                2.40
                4.92
  0.154
  0.024
  1.44
  2.34
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse -BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                6.78
                0.991
               47.2
               96.8
 3.02
 0.472
28.4
46.0
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               14

-------
 (n)  Swaging  Spent  Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
.pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
,"Maximum for
  mpnthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/millibn  off-lbs)  of' lead-tin-rbismuth
swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
                 0.005
                 0.0008
                 0.036
                 0.073
    0.002
    0:0004
    0*022
    0.035
Within the range of 7.5  to  10.0  at,,all -times
 (o) Degreasing Spent  Solvents  -  BPT     ';


     There shall : be  no   discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.    '    ' ;     ,   . ;":      ;      :'','-"' •'.'"'' '<•/;.
                               15

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(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
  0.067
  0.010
 0.030
 0.005
(b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
  0.124
  0.018
  0.055
  0.009
                               16

-------
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony;
Lead
   0.080
   0.011
  0.034
  0.005
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - BAT
Pollutajft or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-teg- (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn, wi,th soap solutions
Antimony,
Lead
   0.022
   0.003
  0.010
  0.002
                                17

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(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
    Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
  0.414
  0.061
  0.185
  0.030
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Antimony
Lead
  0.158
  0.023
  0.071
  0.011
                               18

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(h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
:Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
   0.003
   0.0004
  0.001
  0.0002
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
    Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
.Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony
Lead
  0.009
  0.001
  0.004
  0.0006
                               19

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 (j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
  0.107
  0.016
  0.048
  0.008
(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Blowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
Antimony
Lead
  0.169
  0.025
   0.076
   0.012
                               20

-------
(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
  0.345
  0.051
  0.154
  0.024
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
 0.678
 0.099
  0.302
  0.047
                               21

-------
 (n) Swaging Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
0.005
0.0008
0.002
0.0004
(o) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


SDBPART B:  BPT and BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE MAGNESIUM
            FORMING SUBCATEGORY


(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.033
0.109
9.95
4.440
1.49
3.06
the range of 7.5
0.014
0.046
4.37
1.97
0.895
1.46
to 10.0 at all times
(b)  Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                               22

-------
(c) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of

. 1.27
4.22
385
172
57.8
'119
range of 7.5
forged magnesium

0.520
1.77
170
76.3
34.7
56.4
cooled







to 10.0 at all times
(d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium •
Zinc :-; ••••••*
Ammonia „
Fluoride
Oils Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.018
                 0.059
                 5.32
                 2.38
                 0.798
                 1.64
  0.007
  0.025
  2.34
  1.06
  0.479
  0.778
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                23

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 (e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium cast with direct
chill methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
1.74
5.77
527
235
79.0
162
range of 7.5
0.711
2.41
232
105
47.4
77.1
to 10.0 at all times
(f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.205
                 0.681
                62.1
                27.8
                 9.32
                19.1
  0.084
  0.285
 27.3
 12.3
  5.59
  9.09
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               24

-------
(g) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
8.32
27.6
2520
1130
378
775
range of 7.5
magnesium surface
3.4
11.5
1110
499
227
369
to 10.0 at all times
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed or
ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.009
                 0.029
                 2.60
                 1.16
                 0.390
                 0.800
  0.004
  0.012
  1.15
  0.515
  0.234
  0.381
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               25

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(i)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.273
                 0.904
                82.5
                36.9
                12.4
               25.4
  0.112
  0.378
 36.3
 16.4
  7.43
 12.1
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               26

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(a)  Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or Maximum for
pollutant property any one day
mg/off-kg
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of
0.033
0.109
9.95
4.44
Maximum for
monthly average
magnesium rolled with
0.014
0.046
4.37
1.97
(b) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT





     There  shall  be  no  discharge   of   process    wastewater




pollutants.         .-.'.,'
                                 27

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 (c)  Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  forged  magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.127
   0.422
  38.5
  17.2
  0.052
  0.177
 17.0
  7.63
 (d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly averge
mg/6ff-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.002
   0.006
   0.532
   0.238
  0.0007
  0.003
  0.234
  0.106
                               28

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(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly averge
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium cast with direct
chill methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   1.74
   5.77
 527
 235
  0.711
  2.41
232
105
(f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.205
0.681
62.1
27.8
0.084
0.285
27.3
12.3
(g) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.832
   2.76
 252
 113
  0.340
  1.16
111
 49.9
                               29

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(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed or
ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.009
0.029
2.60
1.16
0.004
0.012
1.15
0.515
(i) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant propetty
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sanded and
repaired or forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.273
   0.904
  82.5
  36.9
  0.112
  0.378
 36.3
 16.4
                               30

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SUBPART C:  BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE NICKEL-COBALT
            FORMING SUBCATEGORY                      	
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.075
                 0.327
                10.1
                 3.4
                 6.97
  0.031
  0.216
  4.49
  2.04
  3.32
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with_ water                    .                    .    .
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 1.66
                 7.24
               225
                75.4
               155
  0.679
  4.79
 99.6
 45.3
 73.5
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               31

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 (d) Tube Reducing  Spent Lubricant  - BPT


     There shall   be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (e) Drawing Spent  Neat Oils - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.


 (f) Drawing Spent  Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.042
                 0.183
                 5.68
                 1.91
                 3.91
  0.017
  0.121
  2.52
  1.15
  1.86
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BPT


There  shall   be   no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

pollutants.
                               32

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(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
    Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum  for
             any  one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride



Oil & Grease
TSS
pH

Within the
0.037
0.160
4.95
1.67
3.41
range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.015
0.106
2.20
0.999
1.63
at all times
(i) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for,
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.102
0.446
13.8
4.64
9.51
range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.042
0.295
6.13
2.79
4.53
at all times
 (j) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  nickel-cobalt  forged
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                 0.018
                 0.077
                 2.38
                 0.800
                 1.640
   0.007
   0.051
   1.06
   0.480
   0.780
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                33

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 (k)  Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  forged  nickel-cobalt
 cooled  with  water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride



Oil & Grease
TSS
pH

Within the
0.209
0.910
28.2
9.48
19.5
range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.086
0.602
12.5
5.69 ;
9.25
at all times
 (1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.083
0.359
11.2
3.74
7.67
range of 7.5
0.034
0.238
4.94
2.25
3.65
to 10.0 at all times
(m) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT                    "


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                               34

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(n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt cast  with
stationary casting methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 5.33
                23.3
               720
               242
               496
  2.18
 15.4
320
145
236
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(o) Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  allowance for  the  discharge  of

process wastewater pollutants.
 (p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant" property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt metal
powder atomized
Chromium
Nickel;,.,
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 1.16
                 5.03
               156
                52.4
               108
  0.472
  3.33
 69.2
 31.5
 51.1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all  times
                                35

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 (q) Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
    Water - BPT
     There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge  of

process wastewater pollutants.
 (r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.357
                 1.56
                48.2
                16.2
                33.2
pH
  0.146
  1.03
 21.4
  9.72
 15.:8
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               36

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(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.412
                 1.80
                55.7
                18.7
                38.4
  0.169
  1.19
 24.7
 11.2
 18.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated                  •-.
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 10.4
                 45.3
               1410
                472
                968
  4.25
 30.0
623
283
460
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                37

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 (u) Alkaline Cleaning  Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride



Oil & Grease
TSS
pH

Within the
0.015
0.065
2.02
0.678
1.39
range of 7.5
0.006
0.043
0.895
0.407
0.661
to 10.0 at all times
(v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned                                                 •
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 1.03
                 4.48
               139
                46.6
                95.6
  0.420
  2.96
 61.5
 28.0
 45.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               38

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(w) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly .average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                           3.72
                          16.2
                         502
                         169
                         346
  1.52
 10.7
223
101
165
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(x) Ammonia Rinse - BPT
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                           0.007
                           0.029
                           0.881
                           0.296
                           0.607
  0.003
  0.019
  0.391
  0.178
  0.289
pH
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               39

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 (y)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
                     0.018
                     0.076
                     2.35
                     0.788
                     1.62
    0.007
    0.050
    1.04
    0.473
    0.769
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(z)  Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                     0.797
                     3.48
                   108
                    36.2
                    74.2
    0.326
    2.30
   47.8
   21.7
   35.3
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to"10.0 at all times
                               40

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(aa) Steam Cleaning Condehsate - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.013
                 0.058
                 1.79
                 0.602
                 1.24
  0.006
  0.039
  0.795
  0.361
  0.587
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
     Wastewater - BPT
     There  shall  be  no  allowance for  the  discharge  of

process wastewater pollutants.



(ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               41

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(ad) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested
with dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.094
                 0.409
                12.7
                 4.26
                 8.74
  0.039
  0.271
  5.63
  2.56
  4.16
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               42

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(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
electrocoated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs)
1.48
6.47
201
67.4
138
pH Within the range of 7.5
of nickel-cobalt
0.607
4.28
89.0
40.5
65.7
to 10.0 at all times
(af) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BPT
Pollutant
pollutant
mg/off-kg
formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
or Maximum for Maximum for
property any one day monthly average
( Ib/million off-lbs )
; 0.108
0.473
14.7
Oil & Grease 4.92
TSS
PH
10.1
Within the range of 7.5
of nickel-cobalt
0.044
0.313
6.50
2.95
4.80
to 10.0 at all times
(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                               43

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(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.063
   0.094
  10.1
  0.026
  0.063
  4.49
                               44

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(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.028
   0.042
   4.49
  0.011
  0.028
  1.99
(d)  Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(e)  Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.


(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.036
   0.053
   5.68
  0.015
  0.036
  2.52
                                45

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(g)  Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
    Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat-treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.031
   0.046
   4.95
  0.013
  0.031
  2.20
                               46

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(i)  Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.086
   0.128
  13.8
  0.035
  0.086
  6.13
(j) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT

Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.002
   0.002
   0.238
  0.0006
  0.002
  0.106
                               47

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(k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs) of forged  nickel-cobalt  cooled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.018
0.026
2.82
0.007
0.018
1.25
(1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for"
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged;
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.069
   0.103
  11.2
  0.028
  0.069
  4.94
(m)  Forging Spent L'ubricants - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wa,stpwater

pollutants.                                     :
                               48

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 (n) Stationary Casting  Contact  Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg   (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  nickel-cobalt cast  with
stationary  casting methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.448
   0.666
  72.0
  0.182
  0.448
 32.0
(o)  Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate  -  BAT     h

     There  shall  be  no  allowance  for  the  'discharge  of

wastewater pollutants.                        •  '•
(p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewa%er  -  BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Max'i&um for
mo n t ftly : a v e r a g e
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt-metal
powder atomized          ,                   ;* • -'•••
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.970
   1.44
 156
 "0.^93
 ^0.370
(q)  Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
     Water - BAT                              "^'•••'
     There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge   of

wastewater pollutants.                         '••""•'
                               49

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(r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.300
0.446
48.2
0.122
0.300
21.4
(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.346
   0.514
  55.7
  0.141
  0.346
 24.7
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.873
   1.30
 141
  0.354
  0.873
 62.3
                               50

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(u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.013
   0.019
   2.02
  0.005
  0.013
  0.895
(v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned             .
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.086
   0.128
  13.9
  0.035
  0.086
  6.15
(w) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.312
   0.464
  50.2
  0.127
  0.312
 22.3
                               51

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(x) Ammonia Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.006
   0.008
   0.881
  0.002
  0.006
  0.391
                                52

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(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.015
   0.022
   2.35
  0.006
  0.015
  1.04
(z) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg {Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.067
   0.100
  10.8
  0.027
  0.067
  4.78
                                53

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 (aa)  Steam Cleaning  Condensate  -  BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.011
   0.017
   1.79
   0.005
   0.011
   0.795
 (ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
     Wastewater - BAT

     There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge  of.

process wastewater pollutants.



 (ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(ad) Dye Pentrant Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested with
dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.079
   0.117
  12.7
  0.032
  0.079
  5.63
                               54

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(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg     (Ib/million    off-lbs)
electrocoated
                 of
    nickel-cobalt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
1.25
1.86
201
0.506
1.25
89.0
(af) .Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.091
   0.136
  14.7
  0.037
  0.091
  6.50
SUBPART D:  BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE PRECIOUS
            METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
 (a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                55

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 (b) Rolling  Spent  Emulsions  - BPT
Pollutant  or
pollutant  property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  0.026
                  0.147
                  0.023
                  0.032
                  1.54
                  3.16
  0.012
  0.077
  0.010
  0.013
  0.925
  1.51
pH
Within  the  range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (c)  Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.016
                 0.091
                 0.014
                 0.020
                 0.950
                 1.95
pH
  0.007
  0.048
  0.006
  0.008
  0.570
  0.926
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               56

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(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
with soap
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
(Ib/million
solutions




Oil & Grease
TSS
pH

Within the
off-lbs) of

0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.001
0.063
0.128
range of 7.5
precious metals drawn

0.0005
0.003
0.0004
0.0006
0.038
0.061
to 10.0 at all times
 (f) Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder
wet atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 2.27
                12.7
                 1.94
                 2.70
               134
               274
   1.00
   6.70
   0.802
  -1.1-4
  80.2
 130
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at-all times
                                57

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 (g)  Heat  Treatment  Contact  Cooling Water  - BPT
Pollutant  or
pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
metals heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
1.42
7.93
1.21
1.71
83.4
171
range of 7.5
extruded precious
0.626
4.17
0.501
0.709
50.1
81.3
to 10.0 at all times
 (h) Semi-Continuous or Continuous Casting Contact
    Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
   3.50
                                             1.55
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
19.6
2.99
4.23
206
423
range of 7.5
10.3
1.24
1.75
124
201
to 10.0 at all times
(i)  Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               58

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(j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any  one day
             Maximum for
             monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
off-lbs) of
precious metals
cast
by the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
3.67
20.5
3.13
4.43
216
443
range of 7.5
1.62
10.8
1.30
1.84
130
211
to 10.0 at all






times
 (k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
              Maximum for
              monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
cast
                                        shot
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil  & Grease
TSS
pH
                 1.
                 6
                 1
                 1
                73
               151
25
98
07
51
4
 0.551
 3.67
 0.441
 0.624
44.1
71.6
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                59

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 (1)  Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



 (m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
                   Maximum for
                   monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and
base metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.029
0.159
0.024
0.034
1.67
3.43
range of 7.5
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
1.00
1.63
to 10.0 at all times
(n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
Pollutant or  .
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                           0.033
                           0.183
                           0.028
                           0.040
                           1.93
                           3.95
                     0.015
                     0.097
                     0.012
                     0.017
                     1.16
                     1.88
pH
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               60

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(o) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
surface treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 2.10
                11.7
                 1.79
                 2.53
               123
               253
  0.924
  6.16
  0.739
    05
  1
 73.9
120
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.021
                 0.114
                 0.018
                 0.025
                 1.20
                 2.46
  0.009
  0;060
  0.007
  0.010
  0;720
  1.170
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               61

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(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
alkaline cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
3.81
21.3
3.25
4.59
224
459
range of 7.5
precious metals
1.68
11.2
1.35
1.91
135
219
to 10.0 at all times
(r) Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned prior to bonding
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 3.95
                22.1
                 3.37
                 4.76
               232
               476
  1.74
 11.6
  1.39
  1.97
139
226
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               62

-------
(s) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any one clay
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 4.12
                23.0
                 3.51
                 4.96
               242
               496
   1.82
  12.1
   1.45
   2.06
 145
 236
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (t)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT  • .


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals sawed
or ground  with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil  & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.032
                 0.178
                 0.027
                 0.039
                 1.87
                 3.83
    0.014
    0.094
    0.011
    0.016
    1.12
    1.82
Within the  range of 7.5  to 10.0 at all  times
                                63

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 (v)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT

     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater
pollutants.
(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT
     There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater
pollutants.
                               64

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(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals rolled
with emulsions
Cadmium
Coppe r
Cyanide
Silver
         0.026
         0.147
         0.023
         0.032
      0.012
      0.077
      0.010
      0.013
(c)  Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
 (d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.016
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
 (e)  Drawing  Spent  Soap  Solutions - BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum  for
 any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  precious metals  drawn
 with soap  solutions
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
          0.001
          0.006
          0.0009
          0.002
       0.0005
       0.003
       0.0004
       0.0006
                                65

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 (f)  Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater  - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  precious  metals  powder
 wet atomized
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      2.27
     12.7
      1.94
      2.74
   1.00
   6.68
   0.802
   1.14
 (g) Heat  Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT

 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Gold
0.142
0.793
0.121
0.171

0.063
0.417
0.050
0.071

(h) Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
    Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
     0.350
     1.96
     0.299
     0.423
  0.155
  1.03
  0.124
  0.175
                               66

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(i)  Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.3676
2.05
0.313
0.443
0.162
1.08
0.130
0.184
 (k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ibmillion off-lbs) of precious metals  shot
cast
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
        0.125
        0.698
        0.107
        0.151
     0.055
     01367
     0.044
     0.063
 (1)   Wet Air  Pollution Control  Scrubber  Slowdown - BAT
                                               , , 't™ \


      There  shall   be  no discharge  of   process  wastewater


 pollutants.
                                67

-------
  (m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
 metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.0297
0.159
0.0247
0.0342
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
 (n)  Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of precious metals
 surface  treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
                                0.033
                                0.183
                                0.028
                                0.040
                        0.015
                        0.097
                        0.012
                        0.017
 (o) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
     0.210
     1.17
     0.179
     0.253
                                             0.093
                                             0.616
                                             0.074
                                             0.105
                               68

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    Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
       0.021
       0.114
       0.018
       0.025
    0.009
    0.060
    0.007
    0.010
 (q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  precious  metals  alkaline
 cleaned
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.381
      2.13
      0.325
      0.459
     .0.168
     vl.12
     0.135
     0.191
                                 69

-------
 (r)  Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater  -  BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of precious metal and base
metal cleaned prior  to bonding
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.400
2.210
0.337
0.476
0.174
1.16
0.139
0.197
(s) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
     0.412
     2.300
     0.351
     0.496
    0.182
    1.21
    0.145
    0.206
                               70

-------
(t)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT

     There  shall  be no discharge pf process  wastewater

pollutants.
(u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
       0.0327
       0.178
       0.0277
       0.0381
     0.014
     0.094
     OiOll
     .0.016
(v)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
SUBPART E:  BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE REFRACTORY
            METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               71

-------
 (b)  Rolling  Spent  Emulsions  -  BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (lb/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals  rolled
with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.815
                 0.824
                25.5
                 2.84
                 8.58
                17.6
pH
  0.429
  0.545
 11.3
  1.47
  5.15
  8.37
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c)  Drawing Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



(d)  Extrusion'Spent' Lubricants - BPT


     There  shall" be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               72

-------
(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
                   Maximum for
                   monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
2.26
2.29
70.8
7.87
23.8
48.8
range of 7.5
refractory metals
1.19
1.51
31.4
4.07
14.3
23.2
to 10.0 at all times
(f)  Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory
metals cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                           0.614
                           0.620
                          19.2
                           2.14
                           6.46
                          13.3
                     0.323
                     0.410
                     8.53
                     1.11
                     3.88
                     6.30
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               73

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 (h) Equipment  Cleaning  Wastewater  - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million bff-lbs)  of  refractory metals
formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  2.59
                  2.61
                 80.9
                  8.99
                 27.2
                 55.8
  1.36
  1.73
 35.9
  4.65
 16.3
 26.5
pH
Within the range of  7.5 to  10.0 at  all  times
 (i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or ;
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease •
TSS
pH
                 0-.534             0.281
                 0.540             0.357
                16,70              7.42
                 1.86              0.961
      :-;          5.62              3.37
   rj.  '*'r         11.5               5.48
Within1'the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j)  Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.  *
                               74

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(k)  Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/6ff-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.739
                 0.747
                23.2
                 2.57
                 7.78
                16.0
  0.389
  0.494
 10.3
  1.33
  4.68
  7.59
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (m) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals surface
treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 230
                 233
                7200
                 800
                2420
                4960
  121
  154
 3200
  414
 1450
 2360
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               75

-------
 (n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  refractory  metals  alkaline
 cleaned
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                  0.635
                  0.641
                 19.9
                  2.21
                  6.68
                 13.7
  0.334
  0.424
  8.82
  1.14
  4.01
  6.52
Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0 at all  times
 (o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day.
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum ! ; '
Oil & Grease ';
TSS
off-lbs) of refractory metals alkaline
1550
1570
48600
5400
16300
33500
816
1040
21600
2790
9790
15900
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               76

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(p) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals treated
with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 12.1
                 12.2
                377
                 41.9
                127
                260
  6.33
  8.04
167
 21.7
 76.0
124
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly, average
mg/off-kg  {Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals tumbled
or burnished
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil  & Grease
TSS
PH
                 23.8
                 24.0
                744
                 82.7
                250
                513
   12.5
   15.9
  330
   42.8
  150
  244
Within the range,of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (r)   Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Neat  Oils  -  BPT


      There shall   be  no  discharge  of  process   wastewater

 pollutants.
                                77

-------
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                  Maximum for
                  monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.565
0.570
17.7
1.97
5.94
12.2
range of 7.5
refractory metals
0.297
0.377
7.84
1.02
3.57
5.79
sawed




to 10.0 at all times
(t) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or ...
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                  Maximum for
                  monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
  46.2
  46.7
1450
 161
 486
 997
                     24.3
                     30.9
                    642
                     83.1
                    292
                    474
          Within"the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               78

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(u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant, or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.257
                 0.259
                 8.03
                 0.893
                 2.70
                 5.54
  0.135
  0.172
  3.57
  0.462
  1.62
  2.63
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(v) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory met a. Is sawed
ground, surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 1.50
                 1.51
                46.8
                 5.20
                15.8
                32.3
  0.787
  1.00
 20.8
  2.69
  9.45
 15.4
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                79

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 (w)  Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals formed
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
                  0.656
                  0.663
                 20.6
                  2.28
                  6.9
                 14.2
   0.345
   0.438
   9.11
   1.18
   4.14
   6.73
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to  10.0 at all times
 (x)  Dye  Penetrant  Testing  Wastewater  -  BPT
Pollutant or"
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
.Maximufti  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals
tested with dye penetrant methods
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.150
                 0.150
                 4.62
                 0.513
                 1.60
                 3.20
  0.078
  0.099
  2.05
  0.266
  0.93J.
  1.52"
pH
Within;-the range of 7.5 to 10.. 0 at all'times
(y) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT    -,      .


     There \shall'- be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater:

pollutants.
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater
                               80

-------
pollutants,
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals  rolled
with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.549
0.236
25.5
2.16
0.262
0.159
11.3
0.957
 (c) Drawing  Spent Lubricants  -  BAT


     T,here   shall  be   no   discharge   of   process  wastewater

 pollutants.



 (d) Extrusion Spent  Lubricants  - BAT

   .,  .Tfhere   shall  be   no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                81

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(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.5
0.655
71.0
5.99
0.730
0.441
31.4
2.66
(f) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory metals
cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     0.041
     0.018
     1.92
     0.163
    0.020
    0.012
    0.853
    0.072
                               82

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(h) Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     0.174
     0.075
     8.09
     0.684
   0.083
   0.051
   3.59
   0.303
(i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     0.360
     0.155
    16.7
     1.42
  0.172
  0.104
  7.42
  0.627
(j)  Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                               83

-------
 (k) Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
       0.498
       0.214
      23.2
       1.96
    0.237
    0.144
   10.3
    0.868
(m) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for   -••
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals surface
treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
    15.5
     6.66
   720.
    60.9
  7.38
  4.48
320.
 27.0
                               84

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(n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
      0.428
      0.184
     19.9
      1.68
  0.204
  0.124
  8.82
  0.745
(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(Ib/million
off-lbs)
of
refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum




10
4
486
41
.5
.49
•
.1
4
3
216
18
.98
.02
•
.2
 (p) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-Kg "(Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
      0.810
      0.348
     37.7
      3.19
    0.386
    0.234
   16.7
    1.41
                                85

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 (q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals  tumbled
or burnished
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     1.60
     0.688
    74.4
     6.29
  0.763
  0.463
 33.0
  2.79
 (r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     0.380
     0.164
    17.7
     1.50
   0.181
   0.110
   7.84
   0.663
                               86

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(t) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
3.11
1.34
145.0
12.2
1.48
0.899
64.2
5.42
(u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground refractory
metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.018
0.008
0.803
0.068
0.009
0.005
0.357
0.030
 (v) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT

 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed,
surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
       1.01
       0.433
      46.8
       3.96
    0.480
    0.291
    20.8
    1.76
                                87

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 (w)  Miscellaneous  Wastewater  Sources  -  BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals  formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
   0.442
   0.190
  20.6
   1.74
  0.211
  0.128
  9.11
  0.770
 (x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals product
tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.100
0.043
4.62
0.391
0.048
0.029
2.05
0.173
(y) Degreasing Spent Solvents


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.


SDBPART F:  BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE TITANIUM FORMING
            SUBCATEGORY


(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               88

-------
(b) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium rolled with
contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   1.4
                   2.05
                   7.13
                 651
                 291
                  97.6
                 200
0.586
0.976
  98
  2
286
129
 58.6
 95.2
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BPT

     There  shall  be  nod discharge of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(d) Extrusion spent Neat Oils - BPT

     There  shall  be nod discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(e) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
with emulsions
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                   0.021
                   0.030
                   0.105
                   9.59
                   4.28
                   1.44
                   2.95
     0.009
     0.015
     0.044
     4.22
     1.9
     0.863
     1.4
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                89

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 (f) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   0.052
                   0.075
                   0.260
                  23.7
                  10.6
                   3.56
                   7.30
    0.022
    0.036
    0.109
   10.5
    4.70
    2.14
    3.47
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/millibn
with water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of

0.580
0.840
2.92
267
119
40.0
82.0
forged titanium cooled

0.240
0.400
1.22
117
52.8
24.0
39.0
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times

                               90

-------
(i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/inillion
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
0.012
0.017
0.059
5.33
2.38
0.800
1.64
range of 7.5
titanium forged
0.005
0.008
0.025
2.35
1.06
0.480
0.780
to 10.0 at all times
 (j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged

Cyanide                      0.293           0.121
Lead                         0.424           0.202
Zinc                         1.48            0.616
Ammonia                    135              59.2
Fluoride                  ,  60.1            26.7
Oil & Grease                20.2            12.1
TSS                         41.4            19.7
pH         Within  the range of 7.5 to  10.0 at all times
 (k)  Tube  Reducing  Spent  Lubricants  -  BPT

      There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.
                                91

-------
 (1) Heat Treatment  Contact  Cooling  Water  -  BPT

     There   shall   be  no   allowance  for  the   discharge   of

 process wastewater  pollutants.


 (m) Surface  Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any  one day
  Maximum for
  monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface  treated

Cyanide                       0.061            0.025
Lead                          0.088            0.042
Zinc                          0.304            0.127
Ammonia                      27.7             12.2
Fluoride                     12.4              5.49
Oil & Grease                  4.16             2.50
TSS                           8.53             4.06
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(n) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
  Maximum for
  monthly average-
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   8.47
                  12.3
                  42.7
               3,890
               1,740
                 584
               1,200
    3.51
    5.84
   17.8
1,710
  771
  351
  570
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times

                               92

-------
(o) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
or forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
                   0.621
                   0.899
                   3.13
                 285
                 128
                  42.8
                  87.8
    0.257
    0.428
      31
  1
126
 56.5
 25.7
 41.8
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/of"f-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc "~
Ammonia     •
Fluoride
Oil ST Grease
TSS
                    0.070
                    0.101
                    0.351
                   32.0
                   14.3
                    4.80
                    9.84
    0.029
    0.048
    0.147
   14.1
    6.34
    2.88
    4.68
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                93

-------
 (q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium alkaline cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.801
1.16
4.03
370
164
55.2
113
range of 7.5 to
0.331
0.552
1.69
162
72.9
33.1
53.8
10.0 at all times
(r) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium rinsed after
molten salt treatment
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range

0.277
0.401
1.40
128
56.8
19.1
39.2
of 7.5 to 10.0

0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
11.5 • -„
18.6
at all times
                               94

-------
(s) Tumbling Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tumbled
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                    0.229
                    0.332
                    1.16
                  110.
                   47.0
                   15.8
                   32.4
   0.095
   0.158
   0.482
  46.
  20.9
   9.48
  15.4
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) -Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
 (u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with an emulsion
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of titanium
0.053
0.077
0.267
24.4
10.9
3.66
7.51
sawed or ground
0.022
0.037
0.112
10.7
4.83
2.20
3.57
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                95

-------
(v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
(Ib/million
of-lbs)
of
titanium sawed or
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride





Oil & Grease
TSS

1.
2.
6.
635
283
95.
195
38
00
95


2

0
0
2
279
126
57
92
.571 .
.952
.91


.1
.8
ground








          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                              96

-------
    Dye Penetrat Testing Wastewater -
                            BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium tested  with  dye
penetrant methods
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.325
                   0.471
                   1.64
                 149
                  66.7
                  22.4
                  45.9
  0.135
  0.224
  0.683
 65.7
 29.6
 13.5
 21.9
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - BPT


     There    shall   be   no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.


 (y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources  -  BPT
 Pollutant  or  .
 pollutant  property
              Maximum for
              any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of titanium formed
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                     0.010
                     0.014
                     0.048
                     4.32
                     1.93
                     0.648
                     1.33
    0.004
    0.007
    0.020
    1.90
    0.856
    0.389
    0.632
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0  at  all times
 (z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                97

-------
 (a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT
      There   shall  be  no discharge  of   process   wastewater
 pollutants.

 (b)  Rolling  Contact Cooling Water - BAT                     ;
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with contact cooling
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of titanium
water
0.142
0.205
0.713
65.1
29.1
Maximum for
monthly average;
rolled

0.059
0.098
0.298
28.6
12.90
(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - BAT
     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater
pollutants.

(d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - BAT
     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater
pollutants.                                            ,r     '
                               98

-------
(e) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.021
     0.030
     0.105
     9.59
     4.28
    0.009
    0.015
    0.044
    4.22
    1.90
 (f)  Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage  - BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia, ,
Fluoride
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
 (g) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                 99

-------
  (h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million
 with water
 off-lbs) of forged  titanium  cooled
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.029
0.042
0.146
13.3
5.95
0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
 (i)  Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million


off-lbs)
0
0
0
5
2
of titanium
.012
.017
.059
.33
.38
forged
0.005
0.008
0.025
? -3CL
1.06
 (j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.293
0.424
1.48
135
60.1
0.121
0.202
0.616
59.2
26.7
                               100

-------
(k)  Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BAT





     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater




pollutants.
                                101

-------
 (1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT

      There  shall  be  no discharge  allowance  for  process

 wastewater pollutants.
 (m)  Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  titanium surface  treated
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
     0.061
     0.088
     0.304
    27.7
    12.4
     0.025
     0.042
     0.127
   12.2
     5.49
 (n) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.847
     1.23
     4.27
   389
   174
  0.351
  0.584
  1.78
171
77.1
                               102

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(o) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
or forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.062
0.090
0.313
28.5
12.8
0.026
0.043
0.131
12.6
5.68
(p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) ot titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.070
0.101
0.351
32.0
14.3
0.029
0.048
0.147
14.1
6.34
 (q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium alkaline cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
      0.080
      0.116
      0.403
     36.8
     16.4
     0.033
     0.055
     0.169
    16.2
     7.29
                                103

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 (r) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
molten salt
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
off-lbs) of titanium,

0.277
0.401
1.40
128
56.8
treated

0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
with






 (s)  Tumbling Wastewater  - BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  titanium  tumbled
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.023
0.033
0.116
11.0
4.70
0.010
0.016
0.048
4.63
2.09
 (t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
 (u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or ground
with emulsions
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
       0.053
       0.077
       0.267
      24.4
      10.9
    0.022
    0.037
    0.112
   10.7
    4.83
                               104

-------
(v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any:one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) to titanium sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.138
     0.200
     0.695
    63.5
    28.3
   0.057
   0.095
   0.291
  27.9
  12.6
(w) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
penetrant
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million
methods





off-lbs)

0.
0.
1.
149
66.
of

325
471
64

7
titanium tested

0.
0.
0.
65.
29.
with

135
224
683
7
6
dye






 (x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - BAT


     There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.
                                105

-------
(y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.010
     0.014
     0.048
     4.32
     1.93
   0.004
   0.007
   0.020
   1.90
   0.856
(z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
SUBPART G:  BPT and BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE URANIUM
            FORMING SUBCATEGORY     •

(a) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There   shall   be   no  discharge  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               106

-------
(b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium extruded
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride                     20
Molybdenum                    2.28
Oil & Grease                  6.88
ipgg                          14.1               6.71
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                    0.117
                    0.152
                    0.654
                    0.145
                    0.661
                      5
     0.052
     0.062
     0.344
     0.069
     0.437
     9.08
                                      1.18
                                      4.13
 (c) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  extruded  or  forged  uranium
heat  treated
 Cadmium
 Chromium
 Copper-
 Lead
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil &  Grease
 TSS
 pH
                   0.646
                   0.836
                   3.61
                   0.798
                   3.65
                 113
                  12.6
                  38.0
                  77.9
    0.285
    0.342
    1.90
    0.380
    2.42
   50.2
    6.5
   22.8
   37.1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (d) Forging Spent Lubricants - BPT


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                107

-------
 (e)  Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                         Maximum for
                         any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  uranium surface  treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.010
0.012
0.052
0.012
0.052
1.62
0.180
0.544
1.12
range of 7.5 to
0.004
0.005
0.027
0.006
0.035 :
0.718
0.093 i
0.327
0.531
10.0 at all times
(f) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium                       0.115
Chromium                      0.149
Copper                        0.641
Lead                          0.142
Nickel                        0.647
Fluoride                     20.1
Molybdenum                    2.23              i.ie
Oil & Grease                  6.74              4.05
TSS           .               13.8               6.57
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                                0.050
                                                0.061
                                                0.337
                                                0.068
                                                0.428
                                                8.90
                              108

-------
(g) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH        Within the range of 7
                       0.001
                       0.002
                       0.007
                       0.002
                       0.007
                       0.208
                       0.023
                       0.070
                       0.143
      0.0006
      0.0007
      0.004
      0.0007
      0.005
      0.092
      0.012
      0.042
      0.068
                      5 to 10.0 at all times
 (h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or ground
with emulsions
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                      0.002
                      0.003
                      0.011
                      0.003
                      0.011
                      0.338
                      0.038
                      0.114
                      0.233
      0.0009
      0.001
      0.006
      0.001
      0.007
      0.150
      0.020
      0.068
      0.111
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                109

-------
 (i)  Sawing  or  Grinding  Contact  Cooling  Water  -  BPT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
               Maximum for
               any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  uranium  sawed  or
ground with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                      0.561
                      0.726
                      3.14
                      0.693
                      3.17
                    98.2
                    10.9
                    33.0
                    67.7
    0.248
    0.297
    1.65
    0.330
    2.1
   43.6
    5.65
   19.8
   32.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground uranium
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                      0.002
                      0.002
                      0.009
                      0.002
                      0.009
                      0.277
                      0.031
                      0.093
                      0.191
      0.0007
      0.0009
      0.005
      0.001
      0.006
      0.123
      0.016
      0.056
      0.091...
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               110

-------
(k)  Area Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                      0.015
                      0.019
                      0.082
                      0.018
                      0.083
                      2.56
                      0.284
                      0.858
                      1.76
      0.007
      0.008
      0.043
      0.009
      0.055
      1.14
      0.147
      0.515
      0.837
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (1) Drum Washwater - BPT
Pollutant or Maximum for Maximum for
pollutant property any one day monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper i-.
Lead $ ,
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
of uranium formed
0.015
0.020
0.084
0.019
0.085
2.64
0.293
0.886
1.82

0.007
0.008
0.045
0.009
0.057
1.17
0.152
0.532
0.864
 PH
Within the range of 7.5  to  10.0 at all  times
                                111

-------
 (m)  Laundry  Washwater  - BPT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/employee - day
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the

17.8
23.1
99.6
22.0
101
3,120
347
1,050
2,150
range of 7.5 to 10.0

7.86
9.43
52.4
10.5
66.6
1,390
179
629
1,020
at all times
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT              ,     ,,;   .  .


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                               112

-------
(a) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.


(b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium extruded
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride ,
Molybdenum
         0.007
         0.013
         0.044
         0.010
         0.019
         2.05
         0.173
      0.003
      0.005
      0.021
      0.005
      0.013
      0.908
      0.077
                               113

-------
(c) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
heat treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
of extruded or
0.006
0.012
0.040
0.009
0.017
1.86
0.158
forged uranium ;
0.003
0.005
0.019
0.004
0.012
0.827
0.070
(d) Forging Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               114

-------
(e) Surface Treatment Spent Baths  - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
           Maximum for
           monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.006
0.010
0.035
0.008
0.015
1.62
0.137
0.002
0.004
0.017
0.004
0.010
0.718
0.061
(f) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
           Maximum for
           monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
       20
0.068
0.125
0.432
0.095
0.186
  1
        1.70
0.027
0.051
0.206
0.044
0.125
8.90
0.752
                               115

-------
 (g) Wet Air Pollution Control  Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.0007
0.001
0.005
0.001
0.002
0.208
0.018
0.0003
0.0005
0.002
0.0005
0.001
0.092
0.008
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawer or ground
with emulsions
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
         0.001
         0.002
         0.007
         0.002
         0.003
         0.338
         0.029
      0.0005
      0.0009
      0.004
      0.001 r
      0.002
      0.150
      0.013
                               116

-------
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead ;
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.033
0.061
0.211
0.046
0.091
9.82
0.830
0.013
0.025
0.101
0.022
0.061
4.36
0.368
(j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground uranium
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
         0.001
         0.002
         0.006
         0.002
         0.003
         0.277
         0.024
      0.0004
      0.0007
      0.003
      0.0006
      0.002
      0.123
      0.011
                                117

-------
 (k) Area Cleaning Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
          Maximum for
          monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.009
0.016
0.055
0.012
0.024
2.56
0.216
0.004
0.007
0.026
0.006
0.016
1.14
0.096
(1) Drum Washwater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
          Maximum for
          monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.009
0.017
0.057
0.013
0.025
2.64
0.223
0.004
0.007
0.027
0.006
0.017
1.17
0.099
(m) Laundry Washwater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
          Maximum for
          monthly average
mg/employee - day

Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
    5.24
    9.70
   33.6
    7.34
   14.4
1,560
  132
                           2olO
                           3.93
                          16.0
                           3.41
                           9.70
                         692
                          58.4
                               118

-------
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT





     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater



pollutants.
                                119

-------
 SUBPART H:  BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE  ZINC  FORMING
            SUBCATEGORY

 (a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT                           :


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
 (b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.0006
                 0.003
                 0.0004
                 0.002
                 0.028
                 0.057
    0.0003
    0.002
    0.0002
    0.0009
    0.017
    0.027
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
                               120

-------
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                0.236
                1.02
                0.156
                0.783
               10.7
               22.0
   0.097
   0.536
   0.065
   0.327
   6.43
  10.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
 (d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  zinc drawn with  emulsions
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                 0.003
                 0.011
                 0.002
                 0.009
                 0.116
                 0.238
   0.001
   0.006
   0.0007
   0.004
   0.070
   0.113
Within  the  range of 7.5 to  10.0 at all  times
                                121

-------
 (e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                  Maximum for
                  any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast by the direct
 chill method
 'Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
 Oil &  Grease
 TSS
 pH
                    0.222
                    0.960
                    0.147
                    0.738
                   10.1
                   20.7
  0.091
  0.505
  0.061
  0.308
  6.06
  9.85
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (f)  Stationary Casting  Contact  Cooling Water  -  BPT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc heat treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.336
                 1.45
                 0.221
                 1.12
                15.3
                31.3
  0.138
  0.763
  0.092
  0.466
  9.16
 14.9
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               122

-------
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.039
0.169
0.026
0.130
1.78
3.64
range of 7.5
0.016
0.089
0.011
0.054
1.07
1.73
to 10.0 at all times.
 (i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface  treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                  1.58
                  6.80
                  1.04
                  5.23
                 71.6
                147
 0.645
 3.58
 0.430
 2.19
43.0
69.8
Within the range pf 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                                123

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 (j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs)
0.002
0.007
0.001
0.005
0.071
0.146
pH Within the range of 7.5
of zinc alkaline cleaned
0.0007
0.004
0.0004
0.002
0.043
0.069
to 10.0 at all times.
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
  0.744
  3.21
  0.490
  2.47
 33.8
 69.3
  0.304
  1.69
  0.203
  1.03
 20.3
 33.0
        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                               124

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(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc sawed or ground
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.011
                   0.045
                   0.007
                   0.035
                   0.476
                   0.976
   0.005
   0.024
   0.003
   0.015
   0.286
   0.464
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(m) Electrocoating Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (lb/million off-lbs) of zinc electrocoated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
.pH
                   1.01
                   4.35
                   0.664
                   3.35
                  45.8
                  93.9
   0.412
   2.29
   0.275
   1.40
  27.5
  44.7
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
 (n) Degreasing  Spent  Solvents - BPT


     There   shall   be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.
                                125

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 (a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT

     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater
pollutants.
                             126

-------
(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
 0.0005
 0.002
 0.0003
 0.002
 0.0002
 0.0009
 0.0001
 0.0006
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
 0.020
 0.069
 0.011
 0.055
  0.009
  0.033
  0.004
  0.023
 (d)  Drawing  Spent Emulsions  - BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  zinc  drawn  with  emulsions
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
  0.002
  0.008
  0.001
  0.006
  0.0009
  0.004
  0.0005
  0.003
                                127

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 (e)  Direct  Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT

 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  zinc  cast  by  the  direct
chill method
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
    0.019
    0.065
    0.010
    0.052
   0.008
   0.031
   0.004
   0.021
 (f) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly :average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc heat treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
   0.029
   0.098
   0.016
   0.078
   0.012
   0.047
   0.006
   0.032
                               128

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(h) Surface Treatment Spent.Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any- one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
  0.033
  0.114
  0.018
  0.091
  0.014
  0.054
  0.007
  0.038
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surfact treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
  0.133
  0.458
  0.072
  0.365
 0.054
 0.219
 0.029
 0.151
 (j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
 0.002
 0.005
 0.0007
 0.004
 0.0006
 0.002
 0.0003
 0.002
                                129

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 (k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of zinc alkaline cleaned
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
  0.626
  2.17
  0.338
  1.73
   0.254
   1.03
   0.135
   0.710
 (1)  Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  - BAT
Pollutant  or
pollutant  property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc




off-lbs) of
0.009
0.031
0.005
0.025
zinc sawed or
0.
0.
0.
0.
ground
004
015 "•
002
010
(m) Electrocoating Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc electrocated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
 0.085
 0.293
 0.046
 0.234
 0.035
 0.140
 0.019
 0.096
                               130

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(n)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



SUBPART I:  BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE ZIRCONIUM-
            HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY

(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BPT


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There shall  be  no  :discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



 (c) Extrusion  Spent Emulsions  -  BPT

     There shall  be no  discharge of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                                131

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 (d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million
 extruded

 Chromium
 Cyanide
 Nickel
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                          Maximum for
                          any one day
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average
                                of zirconium-hafnium
                             0.104
                             0.069
                             0.455
                            31.6
                            14.1
                             4.74
                             9.72
                                                0.043
                                                0.029
                                                0.301
                                               13.9
                                                6.26
                                                2.85
                                                4.62
        Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at all  times
 (e)  Swaging Spent Neat Oils - BPT


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  waatewater
pollutants.
(f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BPT

Pollutant or~
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
           (lb/million
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average
                               of zirconium-hafnium heat
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
fpCCJ

pH      Within the range of 7.'5 to 10.0 at all times.
                            0.151
                            0.100
                            0.659
                           45.7
                           20.4
                            6.86
                                              0.062
                                              0.041
                                              0.436
                                             20.1
                                              9.06
                                              4.12
                              132

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^g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property .
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated

Chromium                    0.150             0.061
Cyanide                     0.099             0.041
Nickel                      0.653             0.432
Ammonia                    45.3              20.0
Fluoride                   20.3               8.98
Oil & Grease                6.80              4.08
TSS                        14.0               6.63
pH      Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                133

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 (i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BPT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
                    Maximum for
                    monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
 surface treated
 Chromium
 Cyanide
 Nickel
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil &  Grease
 TSS
 pH
                   3.91
                   2.58
                  17.1
               1,190
               '  529
                 178
                 364
                      1
                      1
                     11.3
                    521
                    235
                    107
                    173
    60
    07
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0  at all  times
 (j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths  - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum  for
                any one  day
                   Maximum for
                   monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                  0.704
                  0.464
                    07
  3
214
 95.2
 32.0
 65.6
 0.288
 0.192
 2.03
93.8
42.3
19.2
31.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               134

-------
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
 Maximum for .
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  13.8
                   9.11
                  60.3
               4,190
                1870
                 628
                1290
    5.65
    3.77
   39.9
1,840
  829
  377
  613
PH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                    0.124
                    0.082
                    0.540
                   37.5
                   16.7
                    5.62
                   11.5
    0.051
    0.034
    0.357
   16.5
    7.42
    3.37
    5.48
pH
Within the range of 7.'5 to 10.0 at all times,
(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
     There  shall   be   no   allowance  for  the  discharge

process  wastewater pollutants.
                                                       of
                               135

-------
 (n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



 (o) Degreasing Rinse - BPT


     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
  Maximum for
  monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
rinsed following molten salt treatment
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                3.33
                2.20
               14.5
            1,010
              450
              151
              310
  1.360
  0.907
  9.60
443
200
 90.7
148
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
                               136

-------
C.q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                        0.142
                        0.093
                        0.617
                       42.8
                       19.1
                        6.42
                       13.2
    0.058
    0.039
    0.408
   18.8
    8.48
    3.85
    6.26
Within the range of 7.5 bo 10.0 at all times,
(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground zirconium-
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                  0.792
                  0.522
                  3.46
                240
                107
                 36.0
                 73-8
  0.324
  0.216
  2.29
106
 47.5
 21.6
 35.1
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                                137

-------
(s)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                    0.007
                    0.005
                    0.030
                    2.06
                    0.917
                    0.308
                    0.632
    0.003
    0.002
    0.020
    0.903
    0.407
    0.185
    0.301
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There  shall  be no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - BAT


     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.


                               138

-------
(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.104
    0.069
    0.455
   31.6
   14.1
   0.043
   0.029
   0.301
  13.9
   6.26
                               139

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 (e)  Swaging Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.

    »

 (f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.015
   0.010
   0.066
   4.57
   2.04
  0.006
  0.004
  0.044
  2.01
  0.906
(g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               140

-------
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.150
0.099
0.653
45.3
20.3
0.061
0.041
0.432
20.0
8.98
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
  0.391
  0.258
  1.71
119
 52.9
  0.160
  0.107
  1.13
 52.1
 23.5
                               141

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 (j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum  for
 monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of zirconium-hafnium
 alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.704
0.464
3.07
214
95.2
0.288
0.192
2.03
93.8
42.3
 (k) Alkaline  Cleaning Rinse  -  BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
  1.380
  0.911
  6.03
419
187
   0.565
   0.377
   3.99
 184
82.9
 (1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant proper ty
Maximum for
any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed
or ground with emulsions                         ;
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.124
    0.082
    0.540
   37.5
   16.7
   0.051
   0.034
   0.357
  16.5
   7.42
                               142

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(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT


     There   shall   be   no   allowance for  the  discharge   of

process wastewater pollutants.



(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(o) Degreasing Rinse - BAT

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
  Maximum for
  any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/mlllion off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium rinsed
following molten salt treatment
Chromium ">
Cyanide ;.;
Nickel
Ammonia	
Fluoride
  0.333
  0.220
  1.45
101
 45.0
 0.136
 0.091
 0.960
44.3
 20.0
                               143

-------
(q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT

Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average;
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium  sawed  or
ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.093
0.617
42.8
19.1
0.058
0.039
0.408
18.8
8.48
(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - BAT
Pollutant ofi
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum 'for"	
monthly avejrage
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground  zireoni:um-
hafnium ringed                                       •?:,.
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.079
     0.052
     0.346
    24.0
    10.7
    0.033
    0.022
    0.229
   10.6
    4.75
(s)  Sawing -or Grinding Spent Neat Oils  - BAT
     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process,

pollutants.                                  ;  :•<
                                144

-------
(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-'lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.007
0.005
0.030
2.06
0.917
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.903
0.407
SUBPART J:
     BPT AND BAT MASS LIMITATIONS FOR THE METAL POWDERS
     SUBCATEGORY
(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   9.58
                   1.46
                   2.12
                 101
                 207
    5.04
    0.605
    1.01
    0Er5
   98.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all.times.
 (b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - BPT


     There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.
                                145

-------
(c) Sizing Spent Emulsion - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
(Ib/million

Oil & Grease
TSS

off-lbs
0
0
0
0
0
)
•
•
•
•
'•
of powder
028
004
006
292
599
sized
0
0
0
0
0

.015
.002
.003
.175
.285
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
                               146

-------
(d)  Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - BPT

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
(e) Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Blowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   1.51
                   0.230
                   0.333
                  15.9
                  32.5
     0.792
     0.095
     0.159
     9.51
    15.5
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
 (f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                    8.36
                    1.28
                    1.85
                   88.0
                  181
  4.40
  0.528
  0.880
 52.800
 85.8
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                                147

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 (g)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BPT

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


 (h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsion - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
mo.nthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsion
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.035
0.005
0.008
0.362
0.742
the range of 7.5 to 10.0
0.018
0.002
0.004
0.217
0.353
at all times.
(i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with contact cooling
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  3.08
                  0.470
                  0.681
                 32.4
                 66.4
  1.62
  0.195
  0.324
 19.5
 31.6
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                               148

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(j) Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after
pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  16.7
                   2.55
                   3.70
                 176
                 361
  8.80
  1.06
  1.76
106
172
PH
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(k) Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BPT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   15.0
                    2.29
                    3.32
                  158
                  324
  7.90
  0.948
  1.58
 94.8
154  ;=:
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all .times,
(1) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BPT

                                             K, ~
     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               149

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(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  9.58
  1.46
  2.12
  5.04
  0.605
  1.01
(b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - BAT


     There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   waste;water

pollutants.
(c) Sizing Spent Emulsions - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
      0.028
      0.004
      0.006
      0.015
      0.002
      0.003
 (d)  Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - BAT

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.       ,
                               150

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(e)  Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
     Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  1.51
  0.230
  0.333
     0.792
     0.095
     0.159
 (f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  8.36
  1.28
  1.85
  4.40
  0.528
  0.880
 (g)   Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - BAT

      There  shall  be  no discharge   of  process   wastewater

 pollutants.
 (h)  Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  -  BAT
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of powder  metallurgy parts
 sawed or ground with emulsions
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Lead
       0.035
       0.005
       0.008
       0.018
       0.002
       0.004
                                151

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 (i)   Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of powder  sawed or  ground
 with contact cooling
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Lead
    3.08
    0.470
    0.681
    1.62
    0.195
    0.324
 (j) Hot Pressing  Contact  Cooling Water  -  BAT
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  16.7
   2.55
   3.70
 8.80
 1.06
 1.760
 (k) Mixing Wet Air, Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - BAT
Pollutant or
pollutant property
'Maximum for
 any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
   15.0
    2.29
    3.32
    7.90
    0.948
    1.58
(1) Degreasing Spent Solvents - BAT


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.

     4.    NSPS is being promulgated based on the model treatment
technology   of  flow  equalization,   oil   skimming,   chemical
precipitation,  sedimentation,  and filtration (lime, settle, and
                               152

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filter)   technology,   and  in-process  flow  reduction  control
methods, and where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping,_chemical
emulsion breaking,  chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation
for the magnesium, nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, uranium, and
zinc forming subcategories.   Iron coprecipitation is included in
this  model  treatment teqhnology for removal  of  the  pollutant
molybdenum  from wastewaters in the refractory metals and uranium
forming  subcategories.   NSPS is being promulgated based on  _the
model  treatment technology of flow equalization,  oil  skimming,
chemical  precipitation  and  sedimentation   (lime  and   settle)
technology,  and  in-process flow reduction control_methods,  and
where  appropriate,  ammonia steam stripping,  chemical  emulsion
breaking^  chromium  reduction,  and cyanide precipitation for the
lead-tin-bismuth,    precious  metals,  titanium,  and   zirconium-
hafnium forming subcategories and the metal.powders  subcatetory.
The  following  effluent standards are being  promulgated for  new
sources:
 SUBPART A:
  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE LEAD-TIN-
  BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
 (a)  Rolling  Spent Emulsions  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of lead-tin-bismuth
 rolled with emulsions
 Antimony
 Lead
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                0.067
                0.010
                0.468
                0.960
  0.030
  0.005
  0.281
  0.457
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
 rolled with soap solutions
 Antimony
 Lead
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                  0.124
                  0.018
                  0.860
                  1.80
   0.055
   0.009
   0.520
   0.840
Within  the  range  of  7-5  to  10.0  at  all  times
                                 153

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(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS

     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater
pollutants.
                               154

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(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum  for
             any  one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.076
0.011
0.526
1.087
range of 7.5
0.034
0.005
0.316
0.513
to 10.0 at all times
 (e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.022
                 0.003
                 0.149
                 0.306
   0.010
   0.002
   0.090
   0.146
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                155

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 (f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
     Cooling Water - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average;
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of lead-tin-bismuth
 heat treated
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
pH
                            0.414              0.185
                            0.061              0.030
                            2.88               1  73
                            5.91               2;81
          Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0 at  all times
 (g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                           0.158
                           0.023
                           1.10
                           2.26
  0.071
  0.011
  0.660
  1.07
         Within.the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0 at all  times
                              156

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(h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.003
0.0004
0.020
0.041
the range of 7.5
0.001
0.0002
0.012
0.020
to 10.0 at' all times
 (i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
    Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
ingot cast by the semi-continuous method

Antimony                   0.009             0.004
Lead                       0.001             0.0006
Oil & Grease               0.059             0.036
TSS                        0.121             0.058
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                157

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 (j)  Shot Casting Contact  Cooling Water  -  NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  lead-tin-bismuth
shot  cast
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.107
0.016
0.746
1.53
the range of 7.5
0.048
0.008
0.448
0.728
to 10.0 at all times
 (k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed

Antimony                   0.169             0.076
Lead                       0.025             0.012
Oil & Grease               1.18              0.706
TSS                        2.41              1.15
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               158

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(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.345 0.154
0.051 0.024
2.40 1.44
4.92 2.34
the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.678
                 0.099
                 4.72
                 9.68
  0.302
  0.047
  2.84
  4.60
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               159

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 (n)  Swaging Spent Emulsions - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
 rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of lead-tin-bismuth
 swaged with emulsion
Antimony
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
                            0.005
                            0.0008
                            0.036
                            0.073
                                   0.002
                                   0.0004
                                   0.022
                                   0.035
 pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (o) Degreasing  Spent  Solvents  -  NSPS


     There shall  be  no  discharge   of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


SUBPART B:  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE MAGNESIUM
            FORMING SUBCATEGORY


(a) Rolling Spent Emulsions -  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property.
              Maximum for
              any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of magnesium  rolled  with

emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.028
                 0.076
                 9.95
                 4.44
                 0.746
                 1.12
                                             0.011
                                             0.032
                                             4.37
                                             1.97
                                             0.746
                                             0.895
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               160

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     Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(c) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
rpoq
X O LJ
pH Within the
0.107
0.295
38.5
17.2
2.89
4.34
range of 7.5
0.044
0.122
17.0
7.63
2.89
3.47
to 10.0 at all times
 (d)  Forging  Equipment  Cleaning  Wastewater  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of magnesium forged
 Chromium
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                 0.002
                 0.004
                 0.532
                 0.238
                 0.040
                 0.060
   0.0006
   0.002
   0.234
   0.106
   0.040
   0.048
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                161

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  (e)  Direct  Chill  Casting Contact  Cooling Water  - NSPS
  Pollutant  or
  pollutant  property
                Maximum for
                any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium cast with  direct
 cni±i methods
 Chromium
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                   1.46
                   4.03
                 527
                 235
                 39.5
                 59.3
   0.593
   1.66
 232
 105
  39.5
  47.4
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at ail times
 (f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths -
                           NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of magnesium surface
 treated
 Chromium
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil  &  Grease
 TSS
 PH
                  0.173
                  0.476
                 62.1
                 27.8
                  4.66
                  6.99
   0.070
   0.196
  27.3
  12.3
   4.66
   5.60
                    •^•^               -J • \J \J
 Within the  range of 7.5  to 10.0  at  all  times
 (g)  Surface Treatment Rinse  - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.700
                 1.93
               252
               113
                18.9
                28.4
  0.284
  0.794
111
 49.9
 18.9
 22.7
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at ail times
                               162

-------
(h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed
nr around
or ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.007
0.020
2.60
1.16
0.195
0.293
range of 7.5
0.003
0.008
1.15
0.515
0.195
0.234
to 10.0 at all times
 (i)  begreasing  Spent  Solvents  - NSPS


     There   shall   be   no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.


 (j)  Wet Air  Pollution  Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                         Maximum for
                         any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  magnesium  sanded  and
 repaired or forged
 Chromium
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 PH
                            0.229
                            0.632
                           82.5
                           36.9
                            6.19
                            9.29
   0.093
   0.260
  36.3
  16.4 "
   6. 1-9.
   7.43
           Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                 163

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  SUBPART  C:   NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE NICKEL-
              COBALT  FORMING  SUBCATEGORY


  (a)  Rolling Spent  Neat Oils  - NSPS


      There   shall   be  no   discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average;
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
 with emulsions
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                 0.063
                 0.094
                10.1
                 1.70
                 2.55
                                              0.026
                                              0.063
                                              4.49,
                                              1.70
                                              2.04
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (c)  Rolling  Contact  Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                         Maximum for
                         any one day
                                 Maximum for
                                 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.028
0.042
4.49
0.754
1.13
range of 7 . 5
nickel-cobalt rolled
0.012
0 . 028
1.99
0.754
0.905
to 10.0 at all times
(d)  Tube Reducing Spent Lubricant - NSPS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               164

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(e)   Drawing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS
     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.


(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.036
                 0.053
                 5.68
                 0.954
                 1.43
  0.015
  0.036
  2.52
  0.954
  1.15
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (g)  Extrusion Spent Lubricants  - NSPS

     There  shall   be   no   discharge   of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.                        ,            .


 (h)  Extrusion Press or Solution  Heat  Treatment Contact
     Cooling Water  - NSPS                    ... .......
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of extruded nickel-cobalt
 heat treated            :
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                  0.031
                  0.046
                  4.95
                  0.832
                  1.25
   0.013
   0.031
   2.20
   0.832
   0.999
 Within the range of  7.5  to 10.0  at  all times
                                165

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 (i)  Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                    0.086
                    0.128
                   13.8
                    2.32
                    3.48
   0.035
   0.086
   6.13
   2.32
   2.79
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (j)  Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  nickel-cobalt  forged
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                    0.002
                    0.002
                    0.238
                    0.040
                    0.060
  0.0006
  0.002
  0.106
  0.040
  0.048
   Within the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
 (k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum  for
                any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
cooled with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil s Grease
TSS
off-lbs)
0.018
0.026
2.82
0.474
0.711
of forged nickel-cobalt
0.007
0.018
1.25
0.474
0.569
pH
  Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               166

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    Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
   0.069
   0.103
  11.2
   1.87
   2.81
  0.028
  0.069
  4.94
  1.87
  2.25
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (m)  Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.


 (n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of
Maximum for,
monthly average
nickel-cobalt cast
with
stationary casting methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
0.448
0.666
72.0
12.1
18.2
. -jO.182
0.448
32 .0
12.1
14.5





pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (o)   Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - NSPS

      There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge  of

 process wastewater pollutants.
                                167

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 (p)  Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  nickel-cobalt  metal
 powder  atomized
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
                  0.970
                  1.44
                156
                 26.2
                 39.3
pH
   0.393
   0.970
 69.2
 26.2
 31.5
 Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
 (q)  Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
     Water - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge  of

process wastewater pollutants.
 (r) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs),of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.300
                 0.450
                48.2
                 8.1
                12.2
  0.122
  0.300
 21.4
  8.1
  9.72
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               168

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(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.346
                 0.515
                55.7
                 9.35
                14.1
  0.141
  0.346
 24.7
  9.35
 11.2
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(t) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt-surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
                 0.874
                 1.30
               141
                23.6
                35.4
  0.354
  0.873
 62.3
 23.6
 28.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off;-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.013
                 0.019
                 2.02
                 0.339
                 0.509
  0.005
  0.013
  0.895
  0.339
  0.407
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               169

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 (v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any  one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                  0.086
                  0.128
                 13.9
                  2.33
                  3.50
  0.035
  0.086
  6.15
  2.33
  2.80
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all  times
 (w) Molten Salt Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
with molten salt
Chromium '•'
Nickel :
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.312
0.464
50.2
8.44
12.7
range of 7.5
nickel-cobalt treated
0.127
0.312
22.3
8.44
10.1
to 10.0 at all times
(x) Ammonia Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                 0.006
                 0.008
                 0.881
                 0.148
                 0.222
  0.002
  0.006
  0.391
  0.148
  0.178
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               170

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(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt rinsed
Chromium 0.015
Nickel 0.022
Fluoride 2.35
Oil & Grease 0.394
TSS
pH
0.591
Within the range of 7.5
0.006
0.015
1.04
0.394
0.473
to 10.0 at all times
(z) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground
Chromium 0.067
Nickel 0.100
Fluoride 10.8
Oil & Grease 1.81
TSS
PH
2.72
Within the range of 7.5
0.027
0.067
4.78
1.81
2.17
to 10.0 at all times
 (aa) Steam Cleaning Condensate - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt  steam
cleaned
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                 0.011
                 0.017
                 1.79
                 0.301
                 0.452
   0.005
   0.011
   0.795
   0.301
   0.361
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                171

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 (ab)    Hydrostatic  Tube  Testing  and  Ultrasonic   Testing
        Wastewater - NSPS
      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (ac)  Degreasing Spent Solvents  - NSPS


      There shall  be   no   discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (ad)  Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
                                NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel cobalt tested with
dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.079
                   0.117
                  12.7
                   2.13
                   3.20
  0.032
  0.079
  5.63
  2.13
  2.56
Within <• the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (ae) Electrocoating Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or  ,
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg    (Ib/million    off-lbs)    of
electrocoated

Chromium      .             1.25
Nickel                     1.86
Fluoride                 201
Oil & Grease              33.7
TSS                       50.6
PH
                                       nickel-cobalt
                                     0.506
                                     1.25
                                    89.0
                                    33.7
                                    40.5
  Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               172

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(af) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                 0.091
                 0.136
                14.7
                 I2.46
                 3.69
  0.037
  0.091
  6.50
  2.46
  2.95
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
SUBPART D:  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE PRECIOUS
            METALS FORMING .SUBCATEGORY


(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS

     There  shall be no discharge of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
 (b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of precious  metals  rolled
with emulsions
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
 PH
                    0.026
                    0.147
                    0.023
                    0.032
                    1.54
                    3.16
     0.012
     0.077
     0.010
     0.013
     0.925
     1.51
Within  the  range!of  7.5  to 10.0  at  all  times
 (c)   Drawing Spent  Neat Oils - NSPS


      There shall be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                173

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 (d)  Drawing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
               Maximum for
               any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (lb/million  off-lbs)  of  precious  metals  drawn
 with  emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.017
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.950
1.95
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
0.570
0.927
all times
 (e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with soap  solutions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within;the
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.002
0.063
0.128
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at
0.0005
0.003
0.0004
O.O006
0.038
0.061
all times
(f) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder wet
atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   2.27
                  12.7
                   1.94
                   2.74
                 134
                 274
  1.00
  6.68
  0.802
  1.14
 80.2
131
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               174

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(g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
metals heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of precious

0.142
0.793
0.121
0.171
8.34
17.1
range of 7.5 to 10.0 at


0.063
0.417
0.050
0.071
5.01
8.13
all times
 (h) Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
    Cpoling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast
by  the semi-continuous or continuous method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.350
1.96
0.299
0.423
20.6
42.3
the range of 7.5
0.155
1.03
0.124
0.175
12.4
20.1
to 10.0 at all times
 (i)   Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water  - NSPS

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                175

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 (j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
 the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
                              0.367
                              2.05
                              0.313
                              0.443
                             21.6
                             44.3
                                    0.162
                                    1.08
                                    0.130
                                    0.184
                                   13.0
                                   21.1
           Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (k)  Shot  Casting  Contact  Cooling Water  - NSPS
Pollutant  or
pollutant  property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly.average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of precious  metals  shot
r«ac!t-
cast

Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                    0.125
                    0.698
                    0.107
                    0.151
                    7.34
                   15.1
                                               0.055
                                               0.367
                                               0.044
                                               0.063
                                               4.41
                                               7.16
Within tifae range of 7.5 to 10..0 at all times
(1)  Wet-Air-. Pollution Control Scrubber .Slowdown -v-NSPS.

     There shall he no discharge'of process wastewater

pollutants.
                               176

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(m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
                                          Maximum  for
                                          monthly  average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.029
0.159
0.024
0.034
1.67
3.43
range of 7.5 to
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
1.00
1.63
10.0 a't all times
(n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant, or
pollutant- property
              Maximum for
              any one day
                                           Maximum;for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
                   0.033
                   0.183
                   0.028
                   0.040
                   1.93
                   3.95
                                               0.015
                                               0.097
                                               0.012
                                               0.017
                                               1.16
                                               1.88
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (o)  Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
 Pollufeant,,pr,
 pollutant; property
              Maximum for
              any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
 mg/off-kg:: (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of precious  metals  surface
 treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                              0.210
                              1.17
                              0.179
                              0.253
                             12.3
                             25.3
                                    0.093
                                    0.616
                                    0.074
                                    0.105
                                    7.39
                                   12.0
           Within the range of 7.5  to 10.0 at all times
                                177

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 (p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of precious metals alkaline
 cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
                              0.021              0.009
                              0.114              0.060
                              0.018              0.007
                              0.025              0.010
                              1.20                0.720
                              2.46                1.17
          Within  the  range  of 7.5  to  10.0  at  all times
 (q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse  -  NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.381
2.13
0.325
0.459
22.4
45.9
range of 7.5 to
0.168
1.12
0.135
0.191
13.5
21.9
10.0 at all times
(r) Alkaline Cleaning Pre-Bonding Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                       Maximum  for
                       any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned prior to bonding
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.400
2.21
0.337
0.476
23.2
47.6
the range of 7.5 to
0.174
1.16
0.139
0.197
13.9
22.6
10.0 at all times
                               178

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    Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
or burnished
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.412
                   2.30
                   0.351
                   0.496
                  24.2
                  49.6
    0.182
    1.21
    0.145
    0.206
   14.5
   23.6
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (t)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals  sawed
or  ground  with emulsions
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                   0.032
                   0.178
                   0.027
                   0.038
                   1.87
                   3.83
    0.014
    0.094
    0.011
    0.016
    1.12
    1.82
Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
 (v)   Degreasing  Spent  Solvents  - NSPS


      There  shall  be   no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.
                                179

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 SUBPART E:   NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE REFRACTORY
             METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY
 (a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - NSPS


      There shall  be   no  discharge   of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.


 (b)  Rolling  Spent Emulsions -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals
rolled with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   0.549
                   0.236
                  25.5
                   2.16
                   4.29
                   6.44
pH
   0.262
   0.159
  11.3
   0.957
   4.29
   5.15
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times;
(c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.


(d) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - NSPS

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               180

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(e) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   1.53
                   0.655
                  70.8
                   5.99
                  11.9
                  17.9
    0.726
    0.441
   31.4
    2.66
   11.9
   14.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (f) Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  forged  refractory metals
 cooled  with  water
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil & Grease
 TSS  -. •
 pH
                   0.041
                   0.018
                   1.92
                   0.163
                   0.323
                   0.485
     0.020
     0.012
     0.853
     0.072
     0.323
     0.388
 Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
                                181

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 (h)  Equipment  Cleaning  Wastewater  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
              Maximum  for
              any  one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  refractory  metals  formed
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
                     0.174
                     0.075
                     8.09
                     0.684
                     1.36
                     2.04
pH
   0.083
   0.051
   3.59
   0.303
   1.36
   1.63
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   0.360
                   0.155
                  16.7
                   1.42
                   2.81
                   4.22
pH
  0.172
  0.104
  7.42
  0.627
  2.81
  3.37
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(j) Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



(k) Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - NSPS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               182

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(1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
             Maximum for
             monthly average
rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
  0.498
  0.214
 23.2
  1.96
  3.89
  5.84
                                               0.237
                                               0.144
                                              10.3
                                               0.868
                                               3.89
                                               4.67
          Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(m) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
              Maximum for
              monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH - Within the

15.5
6.66
720
60.9
121
182
range of 7.5
refractory metals

7.38
4.48
320
27.0
121
145
to 10.0 at all times
 (n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
              Maximum for
              monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil   &  Grease
 TSS
 pH.
 0.428
 0.184
19.9
 1.68
 3.34
 5.01
                                               0.204
                                               0.124
                                               8.82
                                               0.745
                                               3.34
                                               4.01
            Within the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
                                183

-------
(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  10.5
                   4.49
                 486
                  41.1
                  81.6
                 123
    4.98
    3.02
  216
   18.2
   81.6
   97.9
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  0.810
                  0.348
                 37.7
                  3.19
                  6.33
                  9.5
  16
0.386
0.234
  7
1.41
6.33
7.6
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(g) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
tumbled or burnished
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   1.60
                   0.688
                  74.4
                   6.29
                  12.5
                  18.8
   0.763
   0.463
  33.0
   2.79
  12.5
  15.0
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               184

-------
(r)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS


     There shall  be  no .discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(s) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
or ground with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.380
                   0.164
                  17.7
                   1.5
                   2.97
                   4.46
  0.181
  0.110
  7.84
  0.663
  2.97
  3.57
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (t)  Sawing  or Grinding  Contact  Cooling  Water  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals sawed
 or ground with contact cooling  water
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                    3.11
                    1.34
                  145.
                   12.2
                   24.3
                   36.5
     1.48
     0.899
    64.2
     5.42
    24.3
    29.2
 Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
                                185

-------
  (u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
 refractory metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
'Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.018 -
0.008
0.803
0.068
0.135
0.203
the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all
0 . 009
0 . 005
0. 357
\J * +J -J I
0.030
0.135
0.162
times
 (v)  Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals  sawed,
 ground,  surface coated or  surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
1.01
0.433
46.8
3.96
7.87
11.8
range of 7.5 to
0 480
\J * Tt \J \J
0 . 291
20.8
1 76
•J- • / \j
7.87
9.45
10.0 at all times
 (w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.442
                   0.190
                  20.6
                   1.74
                   3.45
                   5.18
  0.211
  0.128
  9.11
  0.770
  3.45
  4.14
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
                               186

-------
(x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater
                           -  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
product tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                    0.100
                    0.043
                    4.62
                    0.391
                    0.776
                    1.17
    0.048
    0.029
    2.05
    0.173
    0.776
    0.931
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (y)  Deg-reasing  Spent  Solvents   -  NSPS


      There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process wastewater

 pollutants.


 SUBPART F:   NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE TITANIUM
             FORMING SUBCATEGORY


 (a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS


      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                 187

-------
  (b)  Rolling  Contact  Cooling  Water  -  NSPS
  Pollutant  or
  pollutant  property
               Maximum  for
               any one  day
 Maximum for
 monthly average;
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  titanium  rolled with
 contact cooling water
 Cyanide
 .Lead
 'Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                    0.142
                    0.205
                    0.713
                   65.1
                   29.1
                    9.76
                   20.0
    0.059
    0.098
    0.298
   28.6
   12.9
    5.86
    9.52
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - NSPS

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - NSPS

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (e)  Extrusion  Spent Emulsions  -  NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil s Grease
TSS
pH
                    0.021
                    0.030
                    0.105
                    9.59
                   4.28
                   1.44
                   2.95
    0.009
    0.015
    0.044
    4.22
    1.9
    0.863
    1.40
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
                               188

-------
(f) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
3.56
7.30
range of 7.5 to
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
2.14
3.47
10.0 at all times
(g) Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
 (h) Forging Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
with water
Cyanide
Lead v
Zinc
Ammonia 	
Fluoride
(Ib/million




Oil & Grease
TSS

off-lbs) of forged
0.029
0.0420
0.146
13."3
5.95
2.00
4.10
titanium
0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
1.20
1.95
cooled






pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                189

-------
 (i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
^y^nide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
off-lbs) of
0.012
0.017
0.059
5.33
2.38
0.800
1.64
range of 7.5
titanium forged
0.005
0.008
0.025
2.35
1.06
0.480
0.780
to 10.0 at all times
(j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged

Cyanide                       0.293            0.121
Lead                          0.424            0.202
Zinc                          1.48             0.616
Ammonia                     135               59.2
Fluoride                     60.1             26.7
Oil & Grease                 20.2             12.1
TSS                          41.4             19.7
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - NSPS

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS

     There shall be no discharge allowance for the discharge

of  process wastewater  pollutants.
                               190

-------
(m)  Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                    0.061
                    0.088
                    0.304
                   27.7
                   12.4
                    4.16
                    8.53
    0.025
    0.042
    0.127
   12.2
    5.49
    2.50
    4.06
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(n) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.847
                   1.23
                   4.27
                 389
                 174
                  58.4
                 120
  0.351
  0.584
  1.78
171
 77.1
 35.1
 57.0
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                191

-------
 (o)  Wet  Air  Pollution  Control  Scrubber  Slowdown  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
              Maximum for
              any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  titanium  surface  treated
or forged

Cyanide                       0.062             0.026
Lead                          0.090             0.043
Zinc                          0.313             0.131
Ammonia                      28.5              12.6
Fluoride                     12.8               5.65
Oil & Grease                  4.28              2.57
TSS                           8.78              4.18
pH        Within the range of 7.5  to 10.0 at all times
 (p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                    0.070
                    0.101
                    0.351
                   32.0
                   14.3
                    4.80
                    9.84
   14
pH
0.030
0.048
0.147
 .1
6.34
2.88
  68
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               192

-------
    Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
               Maximum for
               monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium alkaline cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.080
                   0.116
                   0.403
                  36.8
                  16.4
                   5.52
                  11.3
                  16
                   7
0.033
0.055
0.169
  2
  29
3.31
5.38
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (r) Molten Salt Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
                Maximum for
                monthly average
 mg/off-kg   (Ib/million   of-lbs)   of
 molten  salt
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                   0.277
                   0.401
                      40
  1
128
 56.8
 19.1
 39.2
                           titanium  treated  with
 0.115
 0.191
 0.583
56.0
25.2
11.5
18.6
 Within  the  range  of  7.5  to  10.0  at  all  times
                                193

-------
 (s) Tumbling Wastewater - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average;
mg/off~kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of
0.023
0.033
0.116
10.6
4.70
Oil & Grease 1.58
TSS
pH
3.24
Within the range of 7 . 5
titanium tumbled
0.010
0.016
0.048
4.63
2. 09
0.948
1.54
to 10.0 at all times
 (t)  Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Neat  Oils  - NSPS

      There   shall   be   no  discharge   of  process   wastewater

 pollutants.
 (u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or around
with emulsions
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS                           7.51             3 57
pH        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
      0.053
      0.077
      0.267
     24.4
     10.9
      3.66
    0.022
    0.037
    0.112
   10.7
    4.83
    2.20
                               194

-------
    Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                          Maximum for
                                          monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-lbs) of titanium
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range
0.138
0.200
0.695
63.5
28.3
9.52
19.5
of 7.5 to 10.0
sawed or
0.057
0.095
0.291
27.9
12.6
5.71
9.28
ground






at all times
 (w) Dye' Penetrant Testing Wastewater  - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum  for
                        any  one  day
                    Maximum for
                    monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
pentrant methods
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
of-lbs) of titanium

0.325
0.471
1.64
149
66.7
22.4
45.9
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
tested using

0.135
0.224
0.683
65.7
29.6
13.5
21.9
at all times
dye








 (x)  Hydrotesting Wastewater - NSPS


      There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants."
                                195

-------
  (y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - NSPS

 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
              Maximum  for
              any one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium formed
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                   0.010
                   0.014
                   0.048
                   4.32
                   1.93
                   0.648
                   1.33
   0.004
   0.007
   0.020
   1.90
   0.856
   0.389
   0.632
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (z)  Degreasing  Spent  Solvents  -  NSPS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


SUBPART G:  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE URANIUM
            FORMING SUBCATEGORY


(a) Extrusion Spent Lubricants - NSPS

     There shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                              196

-------
(b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range of
of uranium
0.007
0.013
0.044
0.010
0.019
2.05
0.173
0.344
0.516
7.5 to 10.0
extruded
0.003
0.005
0.021
0.005
0.013
0.908
. 077
0.344
0.413
at all times
 (c) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water  - NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  extruded or  forged uranium
 heat treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease ;
TSS
pH Within the range of
0.006
0.012
0.040
0.009
0.017
1.86
0.158
0.313
0.470
7.5 to
0.003
0.005
0.019
0.004
0.012
0.827
0.070
0.313
0.376
10.0 at all times
 (d) Forging Spent Lubricants - NSPS


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                 197

-------
  (e)  Surface  Treatment  Spent  Baths  - NSPS
            or
 pollutant property
               Maximum  for
               any one  day
          Maximum for
          monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium  surface  treated
 Cadmium
 Chromium
 Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                     0.006
                     0.010
                     0.035
                     0.008
                     0.015
                     1.62
                     0.137
                     0.272
                     0.408
              0.002
              0.004
              0.017
              0.004
              0.010
              0.718
              0.061
              0.272
              0.327
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all'times
 (f)  Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
 Jb'O-LJ.utant  or
 pollutant  property
               Maximum for
               any one day
         Maximum  for
         monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                       0.068
                       0.125
                       0.432
                       0.095
                       0.186
                     20,
                      1,
                      3,
                      5.
1
70
37
06
0.027
0.051
0.206
0.044
0.125
8.90
0.752
3.37
4.05
                      •j • \> \j             H • U D
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               198

-------
(g) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average.
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH        Within the range of 1
         0.0007
         0.001
         0.005
         0.001
         0.002
         0.208
         0.018
         0.035
         0.053
      0.0003
      0.0005
      0.002
      0.0005
      0.001
      0.092
      0.008
      0.035
      0.042
         5 to 10.0 at all times
 (h)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any  one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  uranium sawed  or  ground
 with emulsions
 Cadmium
 Chromium
 Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH        Within the range of 7
          0.001
          0.002
          0.007
          0.002
          0.003
          0.338
          0.029
          0.057
          0.085
       0.0005
       0.0009
       0.004
       0.0008
       0.002
       0.150
       0.013
       0.057
       0.068
         5 to 10.0 at all times
                                199

-------
 (i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range of 7
of uranium
0.033
0.061
0.211
0.046
0.091
9.82
0.830
1.65
2.48
.5 to 10.0
sawed or ground
0.013
0.025
0.101
0.022
0.061
4.36
0.368
1.65
1.98
at all times
 (j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
of sawed or
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.003
0.277
0.024
0.047
0.070
ground uranium
0.0004
0.0007
0.003
0.0006
0.002
0.123
0.011
0.047
0.056
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               200

-------
Ik) Area Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
              Maximum for
              any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                       0.009
                       0.016
                       0.055
                       0.012
                       0.024
                       2.56
                       0.216
                       0.429
                       0.644
      0.004
      0.007
      0.026
      0.006
      0.016
      1.14
      0.096
      0.429
      0.515
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (1) Drum Washwater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of uranium
0.009
0.017
0.057
0.013
0.025
2.64
0.223
0.443
0.665
range of 7.5 to 10.0
Maximum for
monthly average
formed
0.004
0.007
0.027
0.006
0.017
1.17
0.099
0.443
0.532
at all times
                                201

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 (m)  Laundry Washwater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/employee - day
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
Maximum for
any one day

5.24
9.70
33.6
7.34
14.4
1,560
132
262
393
range of 7.5 to 10.0
Maximum for
monthly average

2.10
3.93
16.0
3.41
9.70
692
58.4
262
315
at all times
 (n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS

     There shall be no discharge of process waster

pollutants.
SUBPART H:  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE ZINC
            FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                               202

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    Rolling Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.0005
0.002
0.0003
0.002
0.014
0.021
range bf 7.5
0.0002
0.0009
0.0001
0.0006
0.014
0.017
to 10.0 at all times.
 (c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum  for
               any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  zinc  rolled with  contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.020
0.069
0.011
0.055
0.536
0.804
range of 7.5
0.009 '
0.033
0.004
0.023
0.536
0.643
to 10.0 at all times.
 (d)  Drawing  Spent  Emulsions  - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
(Ib/million




Oil & Grease
TSS

off-lbs) of
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
002
008
001
006
058
087
zinc drawn
0
0
0
0
0
with
•
•
•
•
•
0.
0009
004
0005
003
058
070
emulsions






 pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                                203

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 (e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast by the direct
 chill method
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
                    0.019
                    0.065
                    0.010
                    0.052
                    0.505
                    0.758
   0.008
   0.031
   0.004
   0.021
   0.505
   0.606
         Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all  times.
 (f)  Stationary Casting  Contact  Cooling  Water  -  NSPS


      There  shall   be  no   discharge   of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
 (g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - NSPS

Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc heat treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.029
                   0.098
                   0.016
                   0.078
                   0.763
                   1.15
   0.012
   0.047
   0.006
   0.032
   0.763
   0.916
Within the range of 7.5,to 10.0 at all times
                               204

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    Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
0.033
0.114
0.018
0.091
0.887
1.33
range of 7.5 to
0.014
0.054
0.007
0.038
0.887
1.07
10.0 at all times.
 (i) Surface Treatment Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum for
               any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0.133
0.459
0.072
0.365
3.58
5.37
the range of 7.5
0.054
0.219
0.029
0.151
3.58
4.30
to 10.0 at all times.
 (j)  Alkaline  Cleaning  Spent  Baths  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
                Maximum for
                any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  zinc alkaline cleaned
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                 0.002
                 0.005
                 0.0007
                 0.004
                 0.036
                 0.054
  0.0006
  0.002
  0.0003
  0.002
  0.036
  0.043
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                                205

-------
 (k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the range
0.626
2.17
0.338
1.73
16.9
25.4
of 7.5 to
zinc alkaline cleaned
0.254
1.03
0.135
0.710
16.9
20.3
10.0 at all times.
 (1)  Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
                Maximum  for
                any  one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  zinc  sawed or ground
with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.009
                   0.031
                   0.005
                   0.025
                   0.238
                   0.357
  0.004
  0.015
  0.002
  0.010
  0.238
  0.286
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
 (m) Electrocoating Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
(Ib/million




Oil & Grease
TSS

off-lbs) of
0.085
0.293
0.046
0.234
2.29
3.44
zinc electrocoated
0.035
0.140
0.019
0.096
2.29
2.751
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                               206

-------
(n) Degreasing Spent Solvents  - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no . discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
SUBPART I:  NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE
            ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



(c) Extrusion  Spent Emulsions - NSPS


     There  shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
                                207

-------
 (d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
                Maximum for
                monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
 extruded
 Chromium
 Cyanide
 Nickel
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil  &  Grease
 TSS
 0.104
 0.069
 0.455
31.6
14.1
 4.74
 9.72
 pH
                                       0.043
                                       0.029
                                       0.301
                                      13.9
                                       6.26
                                       2.85
                                       4.62
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
 (e)   Swaging  Spent  Neat  Oils  - NSPS


      There  shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

pollutants.



 (f) Heat Treatment  Contact Cooling  Water  -  NSPS     ;.  <:
Pollutant or
pollutant- property
                Maximum  for
                any one  day
               Maximum,fbr
               mqnthlysaverage
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium,'
heat treated                                 . , -... .,
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                   0.015
                   0.010
                   0.066
                   4.57
                   2.04
                   0.686
                   1.41
                  0.006
                 .-0.004
                  0.044
                 ;2.,01
                 $0.906
pH
                                             0.669
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all-times.
                               208

-------
(g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no, discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                  0.150
                  0.099
                  0.653
                 45.3
                 20.3
                  6.80
                 14.0
  0.061
  0.041
  0.432
 20.0
  8.98
  4.08
  6.63
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (i)  Surface Treatment Rinse  - NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  zirconium-hafnium
 surface  treated

 Chromium                  0.391              0.160
 Cyanide                    0.258              0.107
 Nickel                    1-71                1.13
 Ammonia                  119                  52.1
 Fluoride                 52.9               23.5
 Oil & Grease             17.8               10.7
 TSS                      36.4               17.3
 pH      Within the range of  7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                209

-------
 (j) Alkaline  Cleaning  Spent  Baths  -  NSPS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
                Maximum  for
                any  one  day
                   Maximum for
                   monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil s Grease
TSS
                  0.704
                  0.464
                    07
  3
214
 95.2
 32.0
 65.6
    0.288
    0.192
    2.03
   93.8
   42.3
   19.2
   31.2
        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
 (k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
                   Maximum for
                   monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  1.38
                  0.911
                  6.03
                419
                187
                 62.8
                129
                   0.565
                   0.377
                     99
pH
  3
184
 82.9
 37.7
 61.3
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
                               210

-------
    Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-;lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                  0.124
                  0.082
                  0.540
                 37.5
                 16.7
                  5.62
                 11.5
 0.051
 0.034
 0.357
16.50
 7.42
 3.37
 5.48
pH
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(m)  Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS


     There  shall  be no allowance for the discharge  of  process

wastewater pollutants.



(n)  Degreasing Spent Solvents  - NSPS


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


                                             \
(o) Degreasing Rinse - NSPS

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

 pollutants
                               211

-------
 (p) Molten  Salt Rinse  - NSPS
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
Pollutant or
pollutant property
  Maximum for
  any one day
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
rinsed following molten salt treatment
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                        0.333
                        0.220
                          45
  1
101
 45.0
 15.1
 31.0
 0.136
 0.091
 0.960
44.3
20.0
 9.07
14.8
pH
        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
                     Maximum for
                     monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
sawed or ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
                            0.142
                            0.093
                            0.617
                           42.8
                           19.1
                            6.42
                           13.2
                         0.058
                         0.039
                         0.408
                        18.8
                         8.48
                         3.85
                         6.26
        Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
                               212

-------
    Sawing or Grinding Rinse - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
               Maximum  for
               any  one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
Oil & Grease
TSS
off-lbs) of sawed

0.079
0.052
0.346
24.0
10.7
3.60
7.38
pH Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0
or ground zirconium-

0.033 -
0.022
0.229
10.6
4.75
.2.16
3.51
at all times.
 (s)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS  ;•


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process- wastewater

 pollutants.


 (t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater  - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  zirconium-hafnium
tested
 Chromium
 Cyanide
 Nickel
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
 Oil  & Grease
 TSS
 pH
                    0.007
                    0.005
                    0.030
                    2.06
                    0.917
                    0.308
                    0.632
    0.003
    0.002
    0.020
    0.903
    0.407
    0.185
    0.301
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
                                213

-------
 SUBPART J:   NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE METAL
             POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
 (a)  Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                  Maximum for
                  any  one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  powder  wet  atomized
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Oil & Grease
 TSS
 PH
                    9.58
                    1.46
                    2.12
                  101
                  207
  5.04
  0.605
  1.01
 60.5
 98.3
Within  the  range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
 (b)  Sizing  Spent Neat Oils  - NSPS
     There    shall

pollutants.
              be  no  discharge  of
  process
wastewater
 (c) Sizing Spent Emulsions - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                     0.028
                     0.004
                     0.006
                     0.292
                     0.599
   0.015
   0.002
   0.003
   0.175
   0.285
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(d)  Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - NSPS

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
                               214

-------
(e) Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Blowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   0.151
                   0.023
                   0.033
                   1.59
                   3.25
     0.079
     0.010
     0.016
     0.951
     1.55
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                    0.836
                    0.128
                    0.185
                    8.80
                   18.1
  0.440
  0.053
  0.088
  5.28
  8.58
 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
 (g)   Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - NSPS

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                215

-------
 (h)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - NSPS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  powder  metallurgy  parts
 sawed or  ground with emulsions
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within
0
0
0
0
0
the range of 7.5
.035
.005
.008
.362
.742
to 10.0 at all
0.018
0.002
0.004
0.217
0.353
times.
 (i)  Sawing  or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sawed
or ground with contact cooling water
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH Within the
3.08
0.470
0.681
32.4
66.4
range of 7.5
1.62
0.195
0.324
19.5
31.6
to 10.0 at all times.
(j) Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                Maximum for
                any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after
pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                  1.67
                  0.255
                  0.370
                 17.6
                 36.1
  0.880
  0.106
  0.176
 10.6
 17.2
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
                               216

-------
    Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                 Maximum for
                 any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Oil & Grease
TSS
pH
                   15.0
                    2.29
                    3.32
                  158
                  324
  7.90
  0.948
  1.58
 94.8
154
Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
 (1)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - NSPS

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 5      PSES   is  being  promulgated based on the  model   treatment
 technology   of   flow  equalization,   oil   skimming,    chemical
 precipitation,  sedimentation,   and  filtration  (lime, settle,  and
 filter)   technology,   and   in-process  flow  reduction    control
 methods,  and where  appropriate,  ammonia steam stripping,_chemical
 emulsion  breaking,  chromium reduction, and cyanide  precipitation
 for   the  nickel-cobalt   forming subcategory.     PSES   is  being
 promulgated based  on  the  model treatment  technology   of   flow
 equalization,     oil   skimming,  chemical   precipitation    and
 sedimentation   (lime and settle) technology,  and  in-process flow
 reduction control methods,,  and  where appropriate,   ammonia  steam
 stripping,   chemical emulsion breaking,  chromium  reduction,  and
 cyanide  precipitation  for   the  lead-tin-bismuth,  magnesium,
 precious  metals,  refractory metals,  titanium,   and _zirconium-
 hafnium forming subcategories.    Iron coprecipitation is included
 in  this  model treatment technology  for  removal of the   pollutant
 molybdenum   from  wastewaters  in the refractory  metals  forming
 subcategory.   PSES  is   being  promulgated based   on  the  model
 treatment  technology  of flow  equalization,   oil   skimming,  and
 chemical    precipitation  and  sedimentation  (lime  and  settle)
 technology,  and  where   appropriate,  ammonia   steam  stripping,
 chemical   emulsion  breaking,  chromium  reduction,  and  cyanide
 precipitation for the  metal powders  subcategory.   The Agency  is
 not  regulating the uranium and zinc forming subcategories  under
 PSES.  The  following pretreatment standards are being promulgated
 for existing sources:
                                217

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 6.    PSNS  is  being  promulgated based on the  model  treatment
 technology   of  flow  equalization,   oil   skimming,   chemical
 precipitation,  sedimentation,  and filtration (lime, settle, and
 filter)  technology,   and  in-process  flow  reduction   control
 methods, and where appropriate, ammonia steam stripping, chemical
 emulsion breaking,  chromium reduction, and cyanide precipitation
 for the magnesium, nickel-cobalt, refractory metals, uranium, and
 zinc forming subcategories.   Iron coprecipitation is included in
 this  model  treatment  technology for removal of  the  pollutant
 molybdenum from wastewaters in the refractory metals and  uranium
 forming  subcategories.   PSNS is being promulgated based on  the
 model  treatment technology of flow equalization,  oil  skimming,
 chemical   precipitation  and  sedimentation  (lime  and  settle)
 technology,  and in-process flow reduction control  methods,  and
 where  appropriate,  ammonia steam stripping,   chemical  emulsion
 breaking,  chromium reduction,  and cyanide precipitation for the
 leadytin-bismuth,  precious metals, titanium and zirconium-hafnium
 forming  subcategories and the metals powders   subcategory.    The
 following  pretreatment  standards are being promulgated for  new
 sources:
 SUBPART A:
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
LEAD-TIN-BISMUTH FORMING SUBCATEGORY
 (a)  Rolling  Spent  Emulsions  - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
            Maximum for
            any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with  emulsions
Antimony
Lead
               0.067
               0.010
  0.030
  0.005
 (b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
            Maximum for
            any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
               0.124
               0.018
  0.055
  0.009
                               218

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(c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSES





     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater



pollutants.
                               219

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 (d)  Drawing  Spent  Emulsions  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
   0.076
   0.011
  0.034
  0.005
(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
   0.022
   0.003
  0.010
  0.002
                               220

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(f) Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
    Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
heat treated
Antimony
Lead
   0.414
   0.061
  0.185
  0.029
(g) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
extruded                                 •  .-   ..
Antimony
Lead
   0.158
   0.023
  0.071
  0.011
                                221

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 (h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
"**:;t by the continuous strip method
Antimony
Lead
   0.003
   0.0004
  0.001
  0.0002
(i) Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Cooling
    Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
cast by the semi-continuous method
Antimony
Lead
   0.009
   0.001
  0.004
  0.0006
(j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
   0.107
   0.016
  0.048
  0.008
                               222

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(k)  Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed.
Antimony
Lead
   0.169
   0.025
  0.076
  0.012
(1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned        :
Antimony
Lead
   0.345
   0.051
  0.154
  0.024
(m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
alkaline cleaned
Antimony
Lead
   0.678
   0.099
  0.302
  0.047
                               223

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 (n) Swaging Spent Emulsions - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of lead-tin-bismuth
 swaged with emulsion
 Antimony
 Lead
    0.005
    0.0008
   0.002
   0.0004
 (o)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES

      There   shall   be  no discharge   of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.
 (a) Rolling  Spent  Emulsions  -  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with emul'sions
Antimony
Lead
   0.067
   0.010
  0.030
  0.005
 (b) Rolling Spent Soap Solutions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property...
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
rolled with soap solutions
Antimony
Lead
   0.124
   0.018
  0.055
  0.009
                               224

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(c)  Drawing Spent Neat Oils-- PSNS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS

Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
                   Maximum for
                   monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with emulsions
Antimony
Lead
   0.076
   0.011
                                              0.034
                                              0.005
 (e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million_off-lbs) of  lead-tin-bismuth
drawn with soap  solutions
 Antimony
 Lead
   0.022
   0.003
                                              0.010
                                              0.002
 (f)  Extrusion Press and Solution Heat Treatment Contact
     Cooling Water - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
 heat treated
 Antimony
 Lead
    0.414
    0.061
                                              0.185
                                              0.029
                                 225

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  (g)  Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
  Jfoxiutant  or
  pollutant  property
 Maximum  for
 any one  day
 Maximum  for
 monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  lead-tin-bismuth
 extruded
 Antimony
 Lead
    0.158
    0.023
   0.071
   0.011
  (h) Continuous Strip Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
           or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
 cast by the continuous strip method

 Antimony
 Lead
    0.003
    0.0004
   0.001
   0.0002
 (i)  Semi-Continuous Ingot Casting Contact Coolinq
     Water - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  lead-tin-bismuth
 ingot  cast  by  the  semi-continuous  method
Antimony
Lead
0.009
0.001
0.004
0.0006
 (j) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water -
                 PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot cast
Antimony
Lead
   0.107
   0.016
  0.048
  0.008
                               226

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(k) Shot-Forming Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
    Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
shot formed
Antimony
Lead
   0.169
   0.025
  0.076
  0.012
 (1) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any  one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  lead-tin-bismuth
 alkaline cleaned
 Antimony
 Lead
    0.345
    0.051
   0.154
   0.024
 (m) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
 alkaline cleaned
 Antimony
 Lead
    0.678
    0.099
   0.302
   0.047
                                 227

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  (n)  Swaging  Spent Emulsions  - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of lead-tin-bismuth
 swaged with emulsion
 Antimony
 Lead
    0.005
    0.0008
   0.003
   0.0004
 (o) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 SUBPART B:   PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND
             PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
             MAGNESIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY
 (a)  Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg   (Ib/million   off-lbs)  of   magnesium   rolled  with
emulsions
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.033
   0.109
   9.95
   4.44
  0.014
  0.046
  4.37
  1.97
(b) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSES


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process   wastewater

pollutants.
                               228

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    Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.127
   0.422
  38.5
  17.2
  0.052
  0.177
 17.0
  7.63
 (d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly averge
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.002
    0.006
    0.532
    0.238
  Ov0007
  0;003
  0.;234
  0.106
 (e) Direct  Chill  Casting  Contact  Cooling Water"-  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum  for
 any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  averge
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  magnesium cast  with  direct
 chill  methods
 Chromium
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
    1.74
    5.77
  527
  235
   0.711
   2.41
 232
 105
                                229

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 (f) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of magnesium surface
 treated
 Chromium
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
    0.205
    0.681
   62.1
   27.8
   0.084
   0.285
  27.3
  12.3
 (g)  Surface  Treatment  Rinse  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of magnesium  surface
treated
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.832
   2.76
 252
 113
  0.340
  1.16
111
 49.9
 (h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium sawed or
ground
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.009
   0.029
   2.60
   1.16
  0.004
  0.012
  1.15
  0.515
                               230

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^i.)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES


     There  shall  be  no :discharge  of  process   wastewater

pollutants.


(j) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant propetty
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium  sanded  and
repaired or forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.273
   0.904
  82.5
  36.9
  0.112
  0.378
 36.3
 16. .4.
 (a)  Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
 Pollutant or ;
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium -rol-led with
 emulsions
 Chromium
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
    0.028
    0.076
    9.95
    4.44
  "o.dii
  - 0.032
   4.37
   1.97
                                 231

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 (b)  Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS


      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (c)  Forging Contact  Cooling  Water  -  PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  forged magnesium cooled
with water
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.107
   0.295
  38.5
  17.2
  0.044
  0.122
 17.0
  7.63
(d) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium forged
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.002
     0.004
     0.532
     0.238
  0.0006
  0.002
  0.234
  0.106
                               232

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(e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million of-f-lbs) of magnesium cast with  direct
chill methods
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
                           1.46
                           4.03
                         527
                         235
  0.593
  1.66
232
105
 (f) Surface Treatment  Spent  Baths  -  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of magnesium surface
4- rf^.a-|-f=»ri
treated

Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
                            0.173
                            0.476
                            62.1
                            27.8
   0.070
   0.196
  27.3
  12.3
 (g)  Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                        Maximum  for
                        any one  day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of magnesium surface
 i-rp^l-p'd
treated

Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
                            0.700
                            1.93
                          252
                          113
   0.284
   0.794
 111
  49.9
                                 233

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 (h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
             Maximum for
             any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of magnesium sawed
 or around
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.007
0.020
2.60
1.16
0.003
0.008
1.15
0.515
 (i)   Degreasing  Spent  Solvents  -  PSES


      There   shall   be   no  discharge   of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.



 (j) Wet Air  Pollution  Control Scrubber Slowdown -  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
repaired or forged,.
Chromium
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Maximum for Maximum for
any one day monthly average
off-lbs)
0.229
0.632
82.5
36.9
of magnesium sanded and
0.093
0.260
36.3
16.4
SUBPART C:
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
NICKEL-COBALT FORMING SUBCATEGORY
(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSES

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               234

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    Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.063
   0.094
  10.1
  0.026
  0.063
  4.49
 (c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  {lb/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt rolled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
    0.028
    0.042
    4.49
   0.011
   0.028
   1.99
 (d)  Tube  Reducing  Spent  Lubricants  -  PSES


      There  shall   be   no  discharge  of  process   wastewater

 pollutants.



 (e)   Drawing Spent Neat  Oils - PSES


      There   shall   be  no  discharge   of  process wastewater

 pollutants.
                                235

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  (f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
 with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.036
0.053
5.68
0.014
0.036
2.52
 (g)   Extrusion Spent Lubricants - PSES


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (h)  Extrusion Press  or  Solution  Heat  Treatment  Contact
     Cooling  Water  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
                                           Maximum  for
                                           monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.031
   0.046
   4.95
                                             0.013
                                             0.031
                                             2.20
(i)  Extrusion .Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
                           0.086
                           0.128
                          13.8
                     0.034
                     0.086
                     6.13
                               236

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    Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/of f-*g (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.002
   0.002
   0.238
  0.0006
  0.002
  0.106
(k) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg   (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  forged   nickel-cobalt
cooled with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.018
   0.026
   2.82
  0.007
  O.Q18
  1.25
 (1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt  forged
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.069
    0.103
   11.2
   0.028
   0.069
   4.94
 (m)   Forging  Spent  Lubricants  -  PSES         ,


      There shall   be  no   discharge   of   process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                237

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 (n)  Stationary  Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg   (Ib/million  off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt cast  with
stationary  methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.448
0.666
72.0
0.182
0.448
32.0
 (o)  Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - PSES

     There  shall  be  no  allowance for  the  discharge  of

wastewater pollutants.
 (p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt metal
powder atomized
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.970
   1.44
 156
  0.393
  0.970
 69.2
(q)  Annealing and Solution Heat Treatment Contact Cooling
     Water - PSE3
     There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge  ,of

wastewater pollutants.
                               238

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(r)  Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
                           0.300
                           0.446
                          48.2
  0.122
  0.300
 21.4
(s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
                           0.346
                           0.514
                          55.7
  0.141
  0.346
 24.7
 (t) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
                           0.873
                           1.30
                         141
  0.354
  0.873
 62.3
                                239

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 (u)  Alkaline  Cleaning  Spent  Baths  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.013
   0.019
   2.02
  0.005
  0.013
  0.895
 (v) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
(w) Molten Salt Rinse -
0.086
0.128
13.9
- PSES
0.035
0.086
6.15

pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly; average
mg/off-kg (Ib/toillion off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with molten salt
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.312
   0.464
  50.2
  0.127
  0.312
 22.3
                               240

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(x) Ammonia Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
with ammonia solution
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.006
   0.008
   0.881
  0.002
  0.006
  0.391
(y) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
0.015
0.022
2.35
0.006
0.015
1.04
 (z) Sawing or Grinding Rinsewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  sawed or ground
nickel-cobalt  rinsed
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.067
    0.100
   10.8
   0.027
   0.067
   4.78
                                241

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 (aa)  Steam  Cleaning Condensate  - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.011
   0.017
   1.79
  0.005
  0.011
  0.795
 (ab) Hydrostatic Tube Testing and Ultrasonic Testing
     Wastewater - PSES

     There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge  of

process wastewater pollutants.



 (ac) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


 (ad)  Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested with
dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.079
   0.117
  12.7
  0.032
  0.079
  5.63
                               242

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(ae) Electrocoating Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg     (Ib/million    off-lbs)
electrocoated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   1.25
   1.86
 201
                 of
    nickel-cobalt
  0.506
  1.25
 89.0
(af) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.091
   0.136
  14.7
  0.037
  0.091
  6.50
 (a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.
 (b)  Rolling  Spent  Emulsions- PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  nickel-cobalt  rolled
 with emulsions
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.063
    0.094
   10.1
   0.026
   0.063
   4.49
                                243

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 (c) Rolling  Contact  Cooling Water - PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt  rolled
with water
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.028
   0.042
   4.49
  0.012
  0.028
  1.99
 (d)  Tube Reducing Spent Lubricant - PSNS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


 (e)  Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge _ of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(f) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt drawn
with emulsions
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.036
   0.053
   5.68
  0.015
  0.036
  2.52
(g)  Extrusion Spent Lubricants - PSNS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               244

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(h) Extrusion Press or Solution Heat Treatment Contact
    Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of extruded nickel-cobalt
heat treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.031
   0.046
   4.95
  0.013
  0.031
  2.20
(i)  Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - NSPS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million of-lbs) of nickel-cobalt extruded
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.086
   0.128
  13.8
  0.034
  0.086
  6; 13
 (j) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt  forged
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.002
    0.002
    0.238
   0.0006
   0.002
   0.106
                                245

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 (k)  Forging Contact Cooling Water  - PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg   (Ib/million   off-lbs)   of   forged
cooled  with water
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.018
    0.026
    2.82
                        nickel-cobalt
   0.007
   0.018
   1.25
 (1) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt forged
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.069
   0.103
  11.2
  0.028
  0.069
  4.94
(m)  Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
(n) Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt cast  with
stationary methods
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.448
   0.666
  72.0
  0.182
  0.448
 32.0
                               246

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(o)  Vacuum Melting Steam Condensate - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no allowance  for  the  discharge  of

process wastewater pollutants.
(p) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg.  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt metal
powder atomized
Chromium
Nickel-
Fluoride
   0.970
   1.44
 156
  0,393
  0.970
 69.2
 (q)   Annealing and  Solution Heat Treatment Contact  Cooling
      Water  -  PSNS


      There   shall  be   no  allowance   for   the   discharge   of

 process  wastewater pollutant.
 (r)  Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of nickel-cobalt formed
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.300
    0.450
   48.2
   0.122
   0.300
  21.4
                                247

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 (s) Surface Treatment Spent Baths- PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of nickel-cobalt surface
 treated
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.346
    0.515
   55.7
   0.141
   0.346
  24.7
 (t)  Surface  Treatment  Rinse  -  PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt surface
treated
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.874
   1.30
 141
  0.354
  0.873
 62.3
(u) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.013
   0.019
   2.02
  0.005
  0.013
  0.895
                               248

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(v)  Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt alkaline
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.086
   0.128
  13.9
  0.035
  0.086
  6.15
 (w) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  nickel-cobalt  treated
 with molten  salt
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.312
    0.464
   50.2
   0.127
   0.312
  22.3
 (x) Ammonia Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt treated
 with ammonia solution
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.006
    0.008
    0.881
   0.002
   0.006
   0.391
                                 249

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  (y)  Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  -  PSNS
  Pollutant  or
  pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt sawed
 or ground with emulsions
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.015
    0.022
    2.35
   0.006
   0.015
   1.04
 (z) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
 nickel-cobalt rinsed
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
   0.067
   0.100
  10.8
  0.027
  0.067
  4.78
 (aa)  Steam Cleaning Condensate  -  PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt  steam
cleaned
Chromium
Nickel
Fluoride
   0.011
   0.017
   1.79
  0.005
  0.011
  0.795
(ab)   Hydrostatic  Tube  Testing  and  Ultrasonic   Testing
       Wastewater - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no  allowance  discharge  of  process

wastewater pollutants.
                               250

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(ac)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS


     There shall  be  no  Discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(ad)  Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one clay
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt tested
with dye penetrant method
Chromium
Nickel,
Fluoride
   0.079
   0.117
  12.7
  0.032
  0.079
  5.63
 (ae) Electrocoating Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg      (Ib/million     off-lbs)
 electrocoated
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    1.25
    1.86
  201
                  of
     nickel-cobalt
   0.506
   0.125
  89.0
 (af)  Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of nickel-cobalt formed
 Chromium
 Nickel
 Fluoride
    0.091
    0.136
   14.7
   0.037
   0.091
   6.50
                                251

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  SUBPART D:   PRETREATMENT  STANDARDS  FOR  EXISTING  SOURCES  AND
              PRETREATMENT  STANDARDS  FOR  NEW SOURCES  FOR THE
              PRECIOUS METALS  FORMING SUBCATEGORY


  (a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSES

      There   shall  be  no discharge of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (b) Rolling  Spent Emulsions - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals rolled
 with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.026
0.147
0.023
0.032
0.012
0.077
0.010
0.013
 (c)   Drawing  Spent  Neat  Oils  -  PSES


      There  shall  'be   no  discharge   of   process   wastewater

pollutants.
 (d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
m?/?ff-k? flb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
      0.016
      0.091
      0.014
      0.020
    0.007
    0.048
    0.006
    0.008
                               252

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(e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                       Maximum for
                       any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
with soap solutions
                                                 drawn
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
                              0.001
                              0.006
                              0.0009
                              0.002
   0.0005
   0.003
   0.0004
   0.0006
(f) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum ror
                        any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder
wet atomized
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
                             2.27
                            12.7
                             1.94
                             2.74
    LOO
    6.68
    0.802
    1.14
 (g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
 heat  treated
heat treated

Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
                             0.142
                             0.793
                             0.121.
                             0.171
    0.063
    0.417
    0.050
    0.071
                                253

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  (h)  Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
      Cooling Water - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
 the semi-continuous or continuous method
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.350
      1.96
      0.299
      0.423
     0.155
     1.03
     0.124
     0.175
 (i)  Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (j)  Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of precious metals  cast
 by  the  direct  chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
     0.367
     2.05
     0.313
     0.443
  0.162
  1.08
  0.130
  0.184
 (k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ibmillion off-lbs) of precious metals shot
cast
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
      0.125
      0.698
      0.107
      0.151
    0.055
    0.367
    0.044
    0.063
                               254

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wet Air
             Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - PSES
     There  shall  be  no 'discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                   Maximum for
                   any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal pressure bonded
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.029
0.159
0.024
0.034
0.013
0.084
0.010
0.014
 (n)  Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                    Maximum for
                    any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals
 surface treated
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
                          0.033
                          0.183
                          0.028
                          0.040
      0.015
      0.097
      0.012
      0.017
  (o) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
  Pollutant or
  pollutant property
                     Maximum for
                     any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
  mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  precious metals  surface
  treated
  Cadmium
  Copper
  Cyanide
  Silver
                          0.210
                          1.17
                          0.179
                          0.253
    0.093
    0.616
    0.074
    0.105
                                 255

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 (p)  Alkaline  Cleaning  Spent  Baths  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
nl p»anpH
cleaned

Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
                             0.021
                             0.114
                             0.018
                             0.025
    0.009
    0.060
    0.007
    0.010
(q) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
                             0.381
                             2.13
                             0.325
                             0.459
    0.168
    1.12
    0.135
    0.191
                               256

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    Alkaline Cleaning Prebonding Wastewater - PSES
    -       .
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
metal cleaned ;prior to bonding
Cadmium
Coppe r
Cyanide
Silver
     0.400
     2.210
     0.337
     0.476
    0.174
    1.16
    0.139
    0.197
 (s) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of precious metals tumbled
 or burnished
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.412
      2.300
      0.351
      0.496
     0.182
     1.21
     0.145
     0.206
 (t)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (u) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum  for
 any one  day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
  mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  precious  metals  sawed
  or. ground  with  emulsions
  Cadmium
  Copper
  Cyanide
  Silver
      0.032
      0.178
      0.027
      0.038
    0.014
    0.094
    0.011
    0.016
                                 257

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  (v)   Degreasing  Spent  Solvents  -  PSNS

       There   shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater
 pollutants.


 (a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater
 pollutants.


 (b) Rolling  Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
»f£ff;u?sio^milli°n
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of preci
0.026
0.147
0.023
0.032
Maximum
monthly
cus metals r
0.012
0.077
0.010
0.013
 (c)  Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS

     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater
pollutants.
                              258

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(d)  Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals drawn
with emulsions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.016
0.091
0.014
0.020
0.007
0.048
0.006
0.008
 (e) Drawing Spent Soap Solutions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (lb/million  off-lbs)  of  precious  metals  drawn
with  soap  solutions
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.001
0.006
0.0009
0.002
0.0005
0.003
0.0004
0.0006
 (f)  Metal Powder Production Wet Atomization Wastewater - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs) of precious metals powder wet
 atomized
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      2.27
     12.7
      1.94
      2.74
   1.00
   6.68
   0.802
   1.14
                                 259

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  (g) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
metals heat treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
off-lbs) of extruded
0.142
0.793
0.121
0.171
precious
0 . 063
0.417
0.050
0.071
 (h)  Semi-Continuous and Continuous Casting Contact
     Cooling Water - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  precious metals  cast
oy  the  semi-continuous or  continuous method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
    0.350
    1.96
    0.299
    0.423
   0.155
   1.03
   0.124
   0.175
 (i)  Stationary Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                              260

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 j) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals cast by
the direct chill method
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.367
2.05
0.313
0.443
0.162
1.08
0.130
0.184
 (k) Shot Casting Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals  shot
cast
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.125
      0.698
      0.107
      0.151
    0.055
    0.367
    0.044
    0.0631
 (1)   Wet Air  Pollution Control Scrubber  Slowdown - PSNS
      There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

 pollutants.


 (m) Pressure Bonding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS

 Pollutant orMaximum for
 pollutant property      any one day
                    Maximum for
                    monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metal and base
 metal pressure bonded
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.029
      0.159
      0.024
      0.034
     0.013
     0.084
     0.010
     0.014
                                261

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  (n) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                         Maximum for
                         any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals surface
 treated
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
                            0.033
                            0.183
                            0.028
                            0.040
    0.015
    0.097
    0.012
    0.017
 (o)  Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  precious  metals  surface
 T~ T*Q3 T* Orf
treated
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
0.210
1.17
0.179
0.253
0.093
0.616
0.074
0.105
 (p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
                           0.021
                           0.114
                           0.018
                           0.025
     0.009
     0.060
     0.007
     0.010
                               262

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    Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals alkaline
cleaned                 '  .'
Cadmium
Copper
Cyanide
Silver
     0.381
     2.13
     0.325
     0.459
   0.168
   1.12
   0.135
   0.191
 (r) Alkaline Cleaning Pre-Bonding Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  precious  metal  and  base
metal  cleaned prior  to bonding           ,  .   •-
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.400
      2.21
      0.337
      0.476
     0.174
     1.16
     0.139
     0.197
 (s)  Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - PSNS _
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
.Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of precious metals tumbled
 or burnished
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.412
      2.30
      0.351
      0.496
     0.182
     1.21
     0.145
     0.206
                                 263

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 (t)   Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS


      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (u)  Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  -  PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  precious metals  sawed
or  ground  with  emulsions
 Cadmium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Silver
      0.032
      0.178
      0.027
      0.038
    0.014
    0.094
    0.011
    0.016
 (v)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
SUBPART E:  PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
            PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
            REFRACTORY METALS FORMING SUBCATEGORY


(a) Rolling Spent Neat Oils and Graphite Based Lubricants - PSES


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               264

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(b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals rolled
with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.815
0.824
25.5
2.84
0.429
0.545
11.4
1.47
 (c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - PSES


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.



 (d) Extrusion  Spent Lubricants - PSES


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of   process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (e)  Extrusion Press  Hydraulic  Fluid Leakage - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals
 extruded
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
     2.26
     2.29
    70.8
     7.87
   1.19
   1.51
  31.4
   4.07
                                265

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 (f) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSES


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (g) Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of forged refractory metals
 cooled with water
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
    0.062
    0.062
    1.92
    0.214
    0.033
    0.041
    0.853
    0.111
 (h)  Equipment  Cleaning  Wastewater  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals  formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
      0.259
      0.261
      8.09
      0.899
    0.136
    0.173
    3.59
    0.465
 (i) Metal Powder Production Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
produced
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     0.534
     0.540
    16.7
     1.86
   0.281
   0.357
   7.42
   0.961
                               266

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(j)  Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - PSES


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



(k)  Metal Powder Pressing, Spent Lubricants - PSES


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
 (1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals
surface treated
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
       0.739
       0.747
      23.2
       2.57
    0.389
    0.494
   10.3
    1.33
 (m)  Surface  Treatment  Rinsewater  - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals surface
 treated                                      ,
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
     23.0
     23.3
    720
     80.0
   12.1
   15.4
  320
   41.4
                                267

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  (n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
 alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.635
0.642
19.9
2.21
0. 334
0.424
8.82
1.14
 (o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals
 alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
15.5
15.7
486
54.0
8 Ifi
*~* • •!_ \J
10 . 4
216.0
27.9
 (p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     1.20
     1.22
    37.7
     4.19
  0.633
  0.804
 16.7
  2.17
                               268

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(q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
ing/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals tumbled
or burnished  :
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
2.38
2.40
: 74.4
8.27
1.25
1.59
33.0
4.28
 (r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (s)  Sawing or Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  -  PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 rag/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals sawed
 or  ground  with emulsions
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.565
0.570
17.7
1.97
0.297
0.377
7.84
1.02
 (t)  Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed
 or ground with contact cooling water
 Coppe r
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
      4.62
      4.67
    145
     16.1
    2.43
    3.09
   64.2
    8.31
                                269

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  (u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground refractory
 metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.026
0.026
0.804
0.089
0.014
0.017
0.357
0.046
 (v)  Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals  sawed,
 surface coated or  surface  treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.50
1.51
46.9
5.20
0.787
1 . 00
20 .8
2.69
 (w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (lb/mi:iion off-lbs) of refractory metals formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
   0.656
   0.663
  20.6
   2.28
  0.345
  0.438
  9.11
  1.18
                               270

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(x) Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals product
tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     0.148
     0.149
     4.62
     0.513
    0.078
    0.099
    2.05
    0.266
 (y) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES


      There   shall   be   no   discharge   of   process  wastewater

 pollutants.                                     , ,


 (a)  Rolling  Spent  Neat Oils and Graphite  Based Lubricants - PSNS


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
 Pollutant or,
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
 rolled with emulsions
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
      0.549
      0.236
      25.5
      2.16
   0.262
   0.159
  11.3
   0.957
                                 271

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 (c) Drawing Spent Lubricants - PSNS


      There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.



 (d)  Extrusion Spent Lubricants - NSPS


      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (e)  Extrusion Press  Hydraulic  Fluid  Leakage  -  PSNS

 Pollutant  or"
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals
extruded
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     1.53
     0.655
    70.8
     5.99
  0.726
  0.441
 31.4
  2.66
(f) Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               272

-------
(g)  Forging Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                       Maximum for
                       any one day
                  Maximum for
                  monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of forged refractory metals
cooled with water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.041
0.018
1.92
0.163
0.020
0.012
0.853
0.072
 (h) Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                           Maximum  for
                                           monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals  formed
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
                                0.174
                                0.075
                                8.09
                                0.684
                      0.083
                      0.051
                      3.59
                      0.303
 (i)  Metal Powder Production Wastewater
               - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
                                            Maximum for
                                            monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals powder
 produced
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
      0.360
      0.155
     16.7
      1.42
                                              0.172
                                              0.104
                                              7.42
                                              0.627
  j) Metal Powder Production Floor Wash Wastewater - PSNS
      There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.
                                 273

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  (k) Metal Powder Pressing Spent Lubricants - PSNS


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (1) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
 surface treated
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
        0.498
        0.214
       23.2
        1.96
     0.237
     0.144
    10.3
     0.868
 (m)  Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  refractory metals
surface  treated
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
    15.5
     6.66
   720
    60.9
  7.38
  4.48
320
 27.0
 (n) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
      0.428
      0.184
     19.9
      1.68
   0.204
   0.124
   8.82
   0.745
                               274

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(o) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
alkaline cleaned
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
    10.5
     4.49
   486
    41.1
    4.98
    3.02
  216
   18.2
(p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals
treated with molten salt
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     0.810
     0.348
    37.7
    3.19
    0.386
    0.234
   16.7
    1.41
 (q) Tumbling or Burnishing Wastewater  - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  refractory metals
 tumbled  or  burnished
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
      1.60
      0.688
     74.4
      6.29
    0.763
    0.463
   33.0
    2.79
                                275

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 (r) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (s)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of refractory metals sawed
 or ground with emulsions
 Copper
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
       0.380
       0.164
      17.7
       1.50
    0.181
    0.110
    7.84
    0.663
 (t)  Sawing or Grinding Contact  Cooling  Water  -  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  refractory metals  sawed
or ground  with contact cooling water
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
     3.11
     1.34
   145
    12.2
    1.48
    0.899
   64.2
    5.42
 (u) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground
refractory metals rinsed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
      0.018
      0.008
      0.803
      0.068
     0.009
     0.005
     0.357
     0.030
                               276

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(v) Wet Air Pollution Control Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals sawed,
ground, surface coated or surface treated
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
1.01
0.433
46.8
3.96
0.480
0.291
20.8
1.76
 (w) Miscellaneous Wastewater Source - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of refractory metals  formed
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
    0.442
    0.190
   20.6
    1.74
   0.211
   0.128
   9 .11
   0.770
 (x)  Dye Penetrant Testing Wastewater  -  PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  refractory metals
 product  tested
Copper
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.100
0.043
4.62
0.391
0.048
0.029
"2.05
0.173
 (y) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS


      There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.
                                277

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 SUBPART F:   PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
             PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
             TITANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY


 (a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSES

      There   shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (b)  Rolling Contact Cooling Water  - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  titanium  rolled
with  contact cooling  water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.142
     0.205
     0.713
    65.1
    29.1
    0.059
    0.098
    0.298
   28.6
   12.9
 (c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSES


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



 (d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - PSES


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               278

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(e) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
tag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
      0.021
      0.030
      0.105
      9.59
      4.28
     0.009
     0.015
     0.044
     4.22
     1.90
 (f) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
nig/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  titanium  extruded
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
 (g)  Forging  Spent  Lubricants  -  PSES


      There shall   be   no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (h)  Forging  Contact Cooling Water - PSES

 Pollutant orMaximum for
 pollutant property      any one day
                    Maximum for
                    monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
with water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
off-lbs) of forged
0.029
0.042
0.146
13.3
5.95
titanium
0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
cooled

                                279

-------
  (i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
                Maximum  for
                monthly  average
 rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
      0.012
      0.017
      0.059
      5.33
      2.38
                    0.005
                    0.008
                    0.025
                    2.35
                    1.06
 (j)  Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES

 Pollutant or       ~~~
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
               Maximum for
               monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  titanium forged
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
      0.293
      0.424
        48
  1
135
 60.1
 0.121
 0.202
 0.616
59.2
26.7
 (k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSES


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(1) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSES


     There  shall  be no allowance for the discharge  of  process

wastewater pollutants.
                               280

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    Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
       0.061
       0.088
       0.304
      27.7
      12.4
     0.025
     0.042
     0.127
    12.2
     5.49
 (n) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
      0.847
      1.23
      4.27
    389
    174
   0.351
   0.584
   1.78
 171
  77.1
 (o)  Wet  Air  Pollution  Control  Scrubber  Slowdown  -  PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of titanium surface treated
 or forged
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
        0.062
        0.090
        0.313
       28.5
       12.8
      0.026
      0.043
      0.131
     12.6
      5.65
                                281

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  (p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) ot titanium alkaline
 cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.070
0.101
0.351
32.0
14.3
0.029
0.048
0.147
14.1
6.34
 (q)  Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  titanium alkaline  cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.080
0.116
0.403
36.8
16.4
0.033
0.055
0 . 169
16. 2
7.29
 (r) Molten Salt Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of titanium  treated  with
molten salt
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
      0.277
      0.401
      1.40
    128
     56.8
   0.115
   0.191
   0.583
  56.0
  25.2
                               282

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(s) Tumbling Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
0.023
0.033
0.116
10.6
4.70
tumbled
0.010
0.016
0.048
4.63
. 09
 (t)  Sawing or Grinding  Spent Neat Oils  - PSES

      There   shall   be   no  discharge   of process   wastewater

 pollutants.


 (u)  Sawing or Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed or ground
 with emulsions
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
       0.053
       0.077
       0.267
      24.4
      10.9
    0.022
    0.037
    0.112
   10.7
    4.83
  (v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water
                        PSES
 Pollutant, or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg   (Ib/million  off-lbs) of  titanium  sawed or  ground
 with  contact  cooling  water
  Cyanide
  Lead
  Zinc
  Ammonia
  Fluoride
        0.138
        0.200
        0.695
       63.5
       28.3
     0.057
     0.095
     0.291
    27.9
    12.6
                                 283

-------
  (w) Dye Pentrant Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or Maximum for
pollutant property any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off~kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tested usinq
dye penetrant methods "
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.325
0.471
1.64
149
66.7
0.135
0.224
0.683
65.7
29.6
 (x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - PSES


      There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.
 (y)  Miscellaneous  Wastewater  Sources  - PSES

 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  titanium  formed
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.010
     0.014
     0.048
     4.32
     1.93
   0.004
   0.007
   0.020
   1.90
   0.856
(z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES


     There  shall  be  ho  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.
                               284

-------
    Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS
     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(b) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium rolled
with contact cooling  water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.205
0.713
65.1
29.1
0.059
0.098
0.298
28.6
12.9
 (c) Drawing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants. :


 (d) Extrusion Spent Neat Oils - PSNS

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (e) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs) of titanium  extruded
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
       0.021
       0.030
       0.105
       9.59
       4.28
      0.009
      0.015
      0.044
      4.22
      1.90
                                285

-------
 if) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of titanium extruded
" TT~""iiae
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.052
0.075
0.260
23.7
10.6
0.022
0.036
0.109
10.5
4.70
 (g)  Forging Spent  Lubricants  - PSNS


      There  shall   be   no   discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.
 (h) Forging  Contact  Cooling Water  -  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg
with water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million






off-lbs) of forged

0.029
0.042
0.146
13.3
5.95
titanium

0.012
0.020
0.061
5.86
2.64
cooled






 (i) Forging Equipment Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
      0.012
      0.017
      0.059
      5.33
      2.38
     0.005
     0.008
     0.025
     2.35
     1.06
                               286

-------
(j) Forging Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
      0.293
      0.424
      1.48
    135
     60.1
     0.121
     0.202
     0.616
    59.2
    26.7
 (k) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSNS


     There shall  be   no  discharge  of  process   wastewater

 pollutants.



 (1) Heat Treatment  Contact  Cooling Water - PSNS


      There   shall   be no  allowance  for the discharge  of  process

 wastewater  pollutants.
 (m) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
        0.061
        0.088
        0.304
        27.7
        12.4
      0.025
      0.042
      0.127
      12.2
      5.49
                                 287

-------
 (n) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium surface treated
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
      0.847
      1.23
      4.27
    389.
    174.
   0.351
   0.584
   1.78
 171.
  77.1
 (o)  Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Blowdown - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  titanium surface  treated
 or  forged
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.062
0.090
0.313
28.5
12.8
0.026
0.043
0.131
12.6
5.65
 (p) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) ot titanium alkaline
cleaned
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.070
     0.101
     0.351
    32.0
    14.3
   0.029
   0.048
   0.147
  14.1
   6.34
                               288

-------
(q)  Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                       Maximum for
                       any one day
                  Maximum for
                  monthly average
mg/off-kg
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
(Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium
0.
0.
0.
36.
16.
080
116
403
8
4
alkaline
0
0
0
16
7
.033
.055
.169
.2
. 29
cleaned



 (r) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                       Maximum  for
                       any  one  day
                  Maximum for
                  monthly average
 mg/off-kg   (Ib/million   off-lbs)   of  titanium  treated   with
 molten  salt
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.277
0.401
1.40
128
56.8
0.115
0.191
0.583
56.0
25.2
 (s)  Tumbling Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                            monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of titanium tumbled
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
                             0.023
                             0.033
                             0.116
                            10.6
                            4.70
                      0.010
                      0.016
                      0.048
                      4.63
                      2.09
                                 289

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 (t) Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (u)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg (lb/million off-lbs)  of  titanium sawed  or  around
 with emulsions
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
      0.053
      0.077
      0.267
     24.4
     10.9
   0.022
   0.037
   0.112
  10.7
   4.83
 (v) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS

Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg   (lb/million off-lbs) of titanium sawed pr  ground
with contact cooling water
Cyanide
Lead
Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
      0.138
      0.200
      0.695
     63.5
     28.3
   0.057
   0.095
   0.291
  27.9
  12.6
                               290

-------
(wj  Dye Pentrant Testing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
dye penetrant methods
Cyanide ;
Lead

Zinc
Ammonia
Fluoride
Maximum for
any one day
off-lbs) of

0.325
0.471
1 . 64

149
66.7
Maximum for
monthly average
titanium treated

0.135
0.224
0.683

65.7
29 .6
using






 (x) Hydrotesting Wastewater - PSNS


     There    shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.


 (y) Miscellaneous Wastewater Sources  -  PSNS

 Pollutant or
 pollutant property


 mg/off-kg (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of titanium formed
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 Cyanide
 Lead
 Zinc
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
     0.010
     0.014
     0.048
     4.32
     1.93
   0.004
   0.007
   0.020
   1.90
   0.856
 (z) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS


      There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

 pollutants.
                                 291

-------
  SUBPART G:   PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
              URANIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY


  (a)  Extrusion Spent Lubricants  - PSNS


       There   shall   be   no   discharge   of   process  wastewater

 pollutants.
  (b) Extrusion Tool Contact Cooling Water -
                    PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium extruded
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.007
0.013
0.044
0.010
0.019
2.05
0.173
0.003
0.005
0.021
0.005
0.013
0,908
0.077
 (c)  Heat  Treatment 'Contact Cooling Water  - PSNS
 jfo-Liutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
                      off~lbs)  of -extruded or  forged  uranium
        0.006
        0.012
        0.040
        0.009
        0.017
        1.86
        0.158
     0.003
     0.005
     0.019
     0.004
     0.012
     0.827
     0.070
                               292

-------
    Forging Spent Lubricants - PSNS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(e) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
off-lbs) of uranium
0.006
0.010
0.035
0.008
0.015
1.62
0.137
surface treated
0.002
0.004
0.017
0.004
0.010
0.718
0.061
 (f)  Surface Treatment Rinse  -  PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
of uranium
0.068
0.125
0.432
0.095
0.186
20.1
1.70
surface treated
: ;, 0.027
0.051
0.206
0.044
0.125
8. 90
0.752
                                293

-------
  (g) Wet Air Pollution Control  Scrubber Slowdown  -  PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium surface treated
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.0007
0.001
0.005
0.001
0.002
0.208
0.018
0.0003
0 . 0005
0.002
0.0005
0.001
0 . 092
0.008
 (h) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 rag/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of uranium sawer or around
 with emulsions
 Cadmium
 Chromium
 Copper
 Lead
 Nickel
 Fluoride
 Molybdenum
          0.001
          0.002
          0.007
          0.002
          0.003
          0.338
          0.029
      0.0005
      0.0009
      0.004
      0.0008
      0.002
      0.150
      0.013
 (i) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water  -  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
       0.033
       0.061
       0.211
       0.046
       0.091
       9.82
       0.830
   0.013
   0.025
   0.101
   0.022
   0.061
   4.36
   0.368
                               294

-------
(j) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground uranium
rinsed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.003
0.277
0.024
0.0004
0.0007
0.003
0.0006
0.002
0.123
0.011
(k) Area Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
0.009
0.016
0.055
0.012
0.024
2.56
0.216
0.004
0.007
0.026
0.006
0.016
1.14
0.096
 (1) Drum Washwater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of uranium formed
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
        0.009
        0.017
        0.057
        0.013
        0.025
        2.64
        0.223
   0.004
   0.007
   0.027
   0.006
   0.017
   1.17
   0.099
                                295

-------
  (m)  Laundry Washwater  -  PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
rag/employee - day
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Fluoride
Molybdenum
Maximum for
any one day

5.24
9.70
33.6
7.34
14.4
1,560
132
Maximum for
monthly average

210
3. 93
16.0
3 41
9 70
692
58.4
 (n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS

      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 SUBPART H:   PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE ZINC
             FORMING SUBCATEGORY


 (a) Rolling  Spent  Neat  Oils  -  PSNS


     There   shall   be   no discharge   of   process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (b) Rolling Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with
emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
 0.0005
 0.002
 0.0003
 0.002
 0.0002
 0.0009
 0.0001
 0.0006
                               296

-------
(c) Rolling Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc rolled with contact
cooling water
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
  0.020
  0.069
  0.011
  0.055
  0.008
  0.033
  0.004
  0.023
(d) Drawing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc drawn with emulsions
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
 0.002
 0.008
 0.001
 0.006
 0.0009
 0.004
 0.0005
 0.003
 (e) Direct Chill Casting Contact Cooling Water — PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc cast by the direct
chill method
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
   0.019
   0.065
   0.010
   0.052
   0.008
   0.031
   0.004
   0.021
 (f)  Stationary Casting  Contact  Cooling Water  -  PSNS


      There  shall   be  no   discharge   of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.  .
                                297

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 (g)  Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water  -  PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  zinc  heat  treated
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
   0.029
   0.098
   0.016
   0.078
    0.012
    0.047
    0.006
    0.032
 (h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surface treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
  0.033
  0.114
  0.018
  0.091
  0.014
  0.054
  0.007
  0.038
(i) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc surfact treated
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
  0.133
  0.459
  0.072
  0.365
 0.054
 0.219
 0.029
 0.151
                               298

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    Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
 0.002
 0.005
 0.0007
 0.004
 0.0006
 0.002
 0.0003
 0.002
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of zinc alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Zinc
   0.626
   2.17
   0.338
   1.73
   0.254
   1.03
   0.135
   0.710
 (1)  Sawing or Grinding  Spent  Emulsions  -  PSNS
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  zinc sawed or  ground
 with emulsions
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
    0.009
    0.031
    0.005
    0.025
   0.004
   0.015
   0.002
   0.010
                                299

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 (m) Electrocoating Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs)  of zinc electrocoated
 Chromium
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Zinc
   0.085
   0.293
   0.046
   0.234
  0.035
  0.140
  0.019
  0.096
 (n)   Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS


      There    shall    be   no  discharge  of   process    wastewater

 pollutants.



 SUBPART  I:  PRETREATMENT  STANDARDS  FOR EXISTING  SOURCES AND
            PRETREATMENT  STANDARDS  FOR NEW SOURCES  FOR  THE
            ZIRCONIUM-HAFNIUM FORMING SUBCATEGORY


 (a)   Rolling  Spent Neat Oils  - PSES


      There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.



 (b) Drawing Spent Lubricants  -  PSES


     There  shall  be  no  discharge   of  process wastewater

pollutants.



 (c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSES


     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
                               300

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(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.104
    0.069
    0.455
   31.6
   14.1
   0.043
   0.029
   0.301
  13.9
   6.26
 (e)  Swaging Spent Neat Oils - PSES


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSES :
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs)  of  zirconium-hafnium heat
treated
 Chromium
 Cyanide
 Nickel
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
    0.015
    0.010
    0.066
    4.57
    2.04
   0.006
   0.004
   0.044
   2.01
   0.906
 (g)  Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSES


      There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                301

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 (h) Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
 surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.150
0.099
0.653
45.3
20.3
0.061
0.041
0.432
20.0
8.98
 (i)  Surface Treatment Rinse - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  zirconium-hafnium
surface  treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.391
0.258
1.71
119
52.9
0.160
0.107
1.13
52.1
23.5
 (j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
  0.704
  0.464
   3.07
 214
  95.2
  0.288
  0.192
  2.03
 93.8
 42.3
                               302

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(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
  1.38
  0.911
  6.03
419
187
  0.565
  0.377
  3.99
184
 82.9
(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed
or ground with emulsions                        ,
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.124
    0.082
    0.540
    37.5
    16.7
  0.051
  0.034
  0.357
 16.50
  7.42
 (m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSES


     There   shall   be   no   allowance for  the  discharge   of

 process wastewater pollutants.



 (n) Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES


     There  shall  be  no  discharge   of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
                                303

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 (o) Degreasing Rinse - PSES

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
 (p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium rinsed
following molten salt treatment
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.333
0.220
1.45
101
45.0
0.136
0.091
0.960
44.3
20.0
(q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off~kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed or
ground with contact cooling water
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
   0.142
   0.093
   0.617
  42.8
  19.1
    0.058
    0.039
    0.408
   18.8
    8.48
                               304

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(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum -for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground zirconium-
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.079
0.052
0.346
24.0
10.7
0.033
0.022
0.229
10.6
4.75
(s)  Sawing  or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.007
    0.005
    0.030
    2.06
    0.917
  0.003
  0.002
  0.020
  0.903
  0.407
                               305

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(a)  Rolling Spent Neat Oils - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.



(b) Drawing Spent Lubricants - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no  discharge  of  process wastewater

pollutants.



(c) Extrusion Spent Emulsions - PSNS

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
(d) Extrusion Press Hydraulic Fluid Leakage - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
extruded
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.104
    0.069
    0.455
   31.6
   14.1
   0.043
   0.029
   0.301
  13.9
   6.26
(e)  Swaging Spent Neat Oils - PSNS


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               306

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(f) Heat Treatment Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium heat
treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
                           0.015
                           0.010
                           0.066
                           4.57
                           2.04
  0.006
  0.004
  0.044
  2.01
  0.906
(g) Tube Reducing Spent Lubricants - PSNS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.


(h)  Surface Treatment Spent Baths - PSNS
                        Maximum for
                        any one day
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
                            0.150
                            0.099
                            0.653
                           45.3
                           20.3
   0.061
   0.041
   0.432
  20.0
   8.98
                               307

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 (i) Surface Treatment Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
surface treated
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride




off-lbs) of
0
0
1
119
52
.391
.258
.71

.9
zirconium-hafnium
0.
0.
1.
52.
23.
160
107
13
1
5
(j) Alkaline Cleaning Spent Baths - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
off-lbs) of

0.704
0.464
3.07
214
95.2
zirconium-hafnium

0.288
0.192
2.03
93.8
42.3
(k) Alkaline Cleaning Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium
alkaline cleaned
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
  1.38
  0.911
  6.03
419
187
  0,565
  0.377
    99
  3
184
 82.9
                               308

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(1) Sawing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed
or ground with emulsions
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
    0.124
    0.082
    0.540
   37.5
   16.7
  0.051
  0.034
  0.357
 16.50
  7.42
(m) Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSNS


     There   shall   be   no   allowance for  the  discharge

process wastewater pollutants.
                                       of
 (n) Degreasing Spent Solvents  - PSNS


     There shall  be  no  discharge  of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.


 (o) Degreasing Rinse - PSNS

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

 pollutants.


 (p) Molten Salt Rinse - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of  zirconium-hafnium  rinsed
 following  molten  salt treatment
 Chromium
 Cyanide
 Nickel
 Ammonia
 Fluoride
   0.333
   0.220
   1.45
 101
  45.0
   0.136
   0.091
   0.960
  44.3
  20.0
                                309

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 (q) Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium sawed or
ground with contact cooling water ,
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.142
0.093
0.617
42.8
19.1
0.058
0.039
0.408
18.8
8.48
(r) Sawing or Grinding Rinse - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of sawed or ground zirconium-
hafnium rinsed
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
     0.079
     0.052
     0.346
    24.0
    10.7
    0.033
    0.022
    0.229
   10.6
    4.75
(s)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSNS

     There  shall  be-  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               310

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(t) Inspection and Testing Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of zirconium-hafnium tested
Chromium
Cyanide
Nickel
Ammonia
Fluoride
0.007
0.005
0.030
2.06
0.917
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.903
0.407
SUBPART J: PRETRATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES AND
           PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR NEW SOURCES FOR THE
           METAL POWDERS SUBCATEGORY
(a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  9.58
  1.46
  2.12
  5.040
  0.605
  1,01
 (b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - PSES


     There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

 pollutants.
 (c)  Sizing Spent Emulsions  - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of powder  sized
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Lead
       0.028
       0.004
       0.006
       0.015
       0.002
       0.003
                                311

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 (d)  Oil-Resin Impregnation Wastewater - PSES

     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

pollutants.
(e)  Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber
     Slowdown - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
steam treated
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  1.51
  0.230
  0.333
     0.792
     0.095
     0.159
(f) Tumbling, Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  8.36
  1.28
  1.85
   4.40
   0.528
   0.880
(g)  Sawing or Grinding Spent Neat Oils - PSES

     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
                               312

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    Sa-wing or Grinding Spent Emulsions - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsions
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
      0.035
      0.005
      0.008
      0.018
      0.002
      0.004
(i)  Sawing ox Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSES
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
   3.08
   0.470
   0.681
   1.62
   0.195
   0.324
 (j) Hot Pressing Contact Cooling Water  -  PSES
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any  one day
Maximum for
monthly average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  powder  cooled after  pressing
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Lead
  16.7
   2.55
   3.70
  8.80
  1.06
  1.76
                                313

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 (k) Mixing Wet Air  Pollution  Control  Scrubber Slowdown - PSES
 Pollutant  or
 pollutant  property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
rag/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  15.0
   2.29
   3.32
    7.90
    0.948
    1.58
 (1)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSES


     There  shall  be  no discharge  of  process  wastewater

pollutants.
 (a) Metal Powder Production Atomization Wastewater - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder wet atomized
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  9.58
  1.46
  2.12
  5.04
  0.605
  1.01
(b) Sizing Spent Neat Oils - PSNS


     There   shall   be  no  discharge  of   process   wastewater

pollutants.
                               314

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(c) Sizing Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/of f-kg
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
(Ib/million
off-lbs) of powder sized
0.028
0.004
0.006
0.015
0.002
0.003
 (d)  Oil-Resin. Impregnation Wastewater - PSNS


     There shall be no discharge of process wastewater

 pollutants.
 (e)   Steam Treatment Wet Air Pollution Control  Scrubber
      Slowdown - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
Maximum  for
any  one  day
Maximum  for
monthly  average
 mg/off-kg  (Ib/million  off-lbs)  of  powder  metallurgy  parts
 steam treated
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Lead
   0.151
   0.023
   0.033
      0.079
      0.010
      0.016
 (f)  Tumbling,  Burnishing and Cleaning Wastewater - PSNS
 Pollutant or
 pollutant property
 Maximum for
 any one day
 Maximum for .
 monthly average
 mg/off-kg (Ib/raillion off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
 tumbled, burnished, or cleaned
 Copper
 Cyanide
 Lead
   0.836
   0.128
   0.185
 0.440
 0.053
 0.088
                                315

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 (g)   Sawing  or  Grinding  Spent  Neat Oils  -  PSNS

      There   shall   be  no  discharge   of  process  wastewater

 pollutants.
 (h)  Sawing  or Grinding  Spent Emulsions - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder metallurgy parts
sawed or ground with emulsions
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
      0.035
      0.005
      0.008
      0.018
      0.002
      0.004
(i)  Sawing or Grinding Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
Maximum for
monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder sawed or ground
with contact cooling water
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  3.08
  0.470
  0.681
   1.620
   0.195
   0.324
                               316

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    Hot Pressing (Contact Cooling Water - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder cooled after pressing
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
  1.67
  0.-255
  0.370
                                            0.880
                                            0.106
                                            0.176
(k) Mixing Wet Air Pollution Control Scrubber Slowdown - PSNS
Pollutant or
pollutant property
Maximum for
any one day
                                           Maximum for
                                           monthly average
mg/off-kg  (Ib/million off-lbs) of powder mixed
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
                          15.0
                           2.29
                           3.32
                        7.90
                        0.948
                        1.58
 (1)  Degreasing Spent Solvents - PSNS


     There   shall  be   no  discharge  of  process   wastewater

 pollutants.
                                317

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                           SECTION III

                          INTRODUCTION
LEGAL AUTHORITY

The  Federal  Water  Pollution  Control Act  Amendments  of  1972
established a comprehensive program to "restore and maintain  the
chemical,  physical,  and  biological  integrity of the  Nation s
waters^" unde? Section 101(a).   By July I,"™, existing indus-
trial dischargers were required to achieve "effluent  limitations
requiring  the application of the best practicable control  tech-
nology  currently available"  (BPT),  under Section  301(b)(1)(A);
and by July 1,  1983,  these dischargers were required to achieve
"effluent  limitations  requiring  the application  of  the  best
available  technology economically achievable .   .  .  which will
result in reasonable further progress toward the  national goal of
efiminating the discharge of all pollutants" (BAT), under  Section
301(b)(2)(A).  New  industrial direct dischargers  were required to
comply with Section 306 new source performance standards   (NSPS),
bSsed on best available demonstrated technology;  existing  and new
dischargers to publicly owned treatment works (POTW) were  subject
to  pretreJtment   standards under  Sections 307(b)  (PSES) and   (c)
(PSNS)   respectively,  of the Act.   While  the  requirements  for
direct'  dIsSha?gerS were  to be incorporated  into National  Pollu-
tant  Discharge   Elimination  System  (NPDES)  permits issued under
Section  402 of the Act, pretreatment standards were made enforce-
able  directly against discharges  to a  POTW   (indirect  discharg-
ers) .

Although Section 402(a)(l) of the  1972  Act authorized  the  setting
of  NPDES permit  requirements  for direct dischargers on a  case-by-
case  basiS,   Congress  intended  that,   for  the most part,   control
 requirements   would  be  based on  regulations promulgated   by   the
Administrator  of  EPA.    Section  304(b)  of  the  Act  required   the
Administrator to promulgate  regulations providing guidelines   for
 effluent  limitations setting forth the degree  of effluent reduc-
 tion  attainable through the application of  BPT and  BAT.    More-
 over, Sections 304(c)  and.306 of  the Act required promulgation of
 regulations for new sources (NSPS);   and Sections 304(f),  307(b),
 and 307(c) required promulgation of regulations for  pretreatment
 standards    In  addition  to  these regulations  for  designated
 industry  categories,  Section  307(a) of the  Act  required  the
 Administrator  to promulgate effluent standards applicable to all
 dischargers of toxic pollutants.    Finally,  Section 301(a) of the
 Act  authorized  the Administrator to  prescribe  any  additional
 regulations "necessary to carry out his functions" under the Act.

 EPA  was  unable  to promulgate many of these regulations  by  the
 dates  contained  in the Act.   In 1976,  EPA was sued by  several
 environmental  groups and in settlement of  this  lawsuit,  EPA and
 the  plaintiffs   executed  a "Settlement  Agreement,"  which  was
 approved by the  Court.   This Agreement required EPA to develop a
                                 319

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 program^ and  adhere  to a schedule  for  promulgating  21  major
 industries'  BAT  effluent limitations  guidelines,  pretreatment
 standards, and new source performance standards for 65 "priority"
 pollutants and classes of pollutants.   See Settlement  Agreement
 in Natural Resources Defense Council,  Inc.  v. Train, 8 ERC 2120
 (D.D.C.  1976),  modified 12 ERC 1833 (D.D.C.  1979), and modified
 by October 26, 1982, August 2,  1983,  and January 6, 1984.

 On December 27, 1977, the President signed into law amendments to
 the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (P.L.   95-217).   The Act,
 as  amended,  is  commonly  referred to as the Clean  Water  Act.
 Although this Act makes several important changes in the  federal
 water pollution control program,   its most significant feature is
 its incorporation of several of the basic elements of the Settle-
 ment  Agreement  program for toxic pollution  control.   Sections
 301(b)(2)(A) and 301(b)(2)(C) of  the  Act now require the achieve-
 ment, by July 1,  1984,  of effluent limitations requiring applica-
 tion of BAT for toxic pollutants,   including the 65 priority pol-
 lutants  and classes of pollutants (the same priority pollutants
 as listed in Natural Resources  Defense Council v.   Train),   which
 Congress declared toxic under Section 307(a) of the  Act.    Like-
 wise,   EPA's  programs   for  new source performance standards  and
 pretreatment  standards are  now aimed principally at  control   of
 these toxic pollutants.    Moreover, to strengthen the toxics con-
 trol program,  Congress  added Section  304(e)  to the Act,  authoriz-
 ing  the Administrator to prescribe  "best  management practices"
 (BMPs)   to  prevent the  release  of  toxic  and hazardous pollutants
 from plant  site runoff,   spillage  or  leaks,  sludge or waste dis-
 posal,  and  drainage  from raw material  storage  associated with,  or
 ancillary to,  the manufacturing or  treatment process.

 The  1977 Amendments  added  Section  301(b)(2)(E)  to  the Act   estab-
 lishing   "best  conventional pollutant control  technology"   (BCT)
 for  discharges of conventional pollutants  from existing   indus-
 trial point  sources.  Conventional pollutants  are  those mentioned
 specifically   in Section 304(a)(4)  (biochemical oxygen  demanding
 pollutants  (BODS),   total  suspended solids  (TSS),  fecal coliform,
 and_  ^pH),   and   any  additional  pollutants  defined  by   the
Administrator as "conventional."   (To date,  the Agency has  added
one such pollutant, oil and grease, 44 FR 44501, July 30, 1979.)

DATA COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION

EPA gathered and evaluated technical data in the course of devel-
oping these guidelines in order  to perform the following tasks:

          To profile the category with regard to the  production,
          manufacturing  processes,   geographical  distribution,
          potential  wastewater   streams,  and discharge mode  of
          nonferrous metals forming plants.
1.
     2.
    To subcategorize,  if necessary,  in order to permit
    regulation of the  nonferrous metals forming category in
    an equitable and manageable way.   This was done by
                               320

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       taking all of the  factors mentioned above plus Others
       into account.

    3   TO characterize wastewater, detailing water use,  waste-

       rJSif^s^^aiir^ss.s.T.^srs--
       from nonferrous metals forming processes.

    4   TO select pollutant parameters—those toxic, conven-
       tional? and  nonconventional pollutants present at signi-
       ficant concentrations in wastewater streams-that should
       be considered  for regulation.

    5   TO consider  control and treatment technologies and
       select alternative methods for reducing pollutant
       discharges in  this category.

    6   To consider  the costs of implementing the alternative
       control and treatment technologies.

    7. To present possible regulatory alternatives.

Sources of Industry Data

     to nrooosal, data on the nonferrous metals forming  category






"questing  specific  information  concerning
Finally,  a sampling program was  carried out at

xa ^ars1^^.^! s=S
                                      Water
facility.
     The
    under
Act,  and



>  ^
                        321

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In
    fil
               i  ??ency  requested data to support comments on  the
             9U ?o10? a?d n°tice °f availability from 10 companies?
                   P    f W6re re^uested to submit analytical  data
                raW  WaSte streams-   A11   additional  information
           since  Pr°P°sal which arrived in a timely manner  and  all
                                                       in preparing
                  ?ffortf Prior  to  Proposal  are  discussed  in  detail
 prosal iS°diS£;ged?he8e  discussions'   ^  collection   since

 Literature Review.   EPA  reviewed and evaluated  existing  litera-
 ^fL. °r .^ground information to clarify and defini  various
 aspects  of the  nonferrous metals forming  category and to   deter-
 mine  general characteristics  and trends in production  processes
 and  wastewater  treatment technology.   Review of current litera-
 ture continued throughout the  development  of these guidelines.

 Existing Data Review.   Information related to nonferrous  metals
 rorming processes,  wastewater, and wastewater treatment technol-
 «f?ho?a|  ^P1^ nfrom a number  of  sources.   Technical  data
 fnnh f H,   n  development of guidelines for related  categories,
 such as the aluminum forming,   copper forming,  metal  finishing,
 nonferrous^  metals  manufacturing,  electroplating,   and  battery
 R?S mC*2rt?9  ^egones^  were  reviewed and incorporated  into
 this guideline,  where applicable.

 Frequent  contact  has  been maintained with  industry  personnel.
 Contributions  from  these sources were particularly  useful  for
 clarifying  differences  in  production processes.
                and Evaluation.    The  nonferrous  metals  forming
 plants  were surveyed to gather information regarding plant size
 age and production,   the production processes  used,  Ld the luan-
 tity,   treatment,   and disposal of wastewater  generated at  these
A listing  of plants  believed  to  be  in  the  nonferrous  metals  form-
     • ate9°ry  was   compiled  from a Dun and   Bradstreet   computer
           Publicftions  and  telephone contacts with  various   trade
  h         ns4. believed   to  represent parts of the   industry,   thj
Thomas Register,  and telephone  contacts with commodity   special-
t^nt-,'?^   ^S  BU.eaU °f Mines'   These sources  resulted  in   the
inSoi^103    P°f aPPr°ximately 1,000 plants as  being   possibly
engaged  in nonferrous  metals forming activities.   The SIC codes
         ^ ^73356A  Rollin^ Dewing, Extruding of NonL??ouI '
       Kf«n?}      -  Drawing and Insulating Nonferrous Wire;   (3)
       Nonferrous Forgings; and  (4)  3497:  Metal, Foil, and Leaf .

A  comprehensive  telephone  survey  was undertaken  in  order  to
determine  which  plants should  comprise a  final  mailing  list?
i;»«n4.    £    u°rcn°^  nonferrous metals forming operations  were
present  at each of the plants on the original list.   During the
telephone survey, questions we're asked concerning what metals are
                               322

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            a  particular  plant,   the type of  forming  operations

operations  are utilized and their associated water  usage,  dis-
charge,  and treatment-in-place.   At the conclusion of the tele
nhone survey, many of the plants on the original list were deter-
mined not to be within the scope of the nonferrous metals forming
category.

A list of those plants believed to be a part of the category  was
then  compiled in preparation for dcp distribution.   The results
of  the  telephone survey are documented  in  the  administrative
record for this rulemaking.

The  Agency  mailed 377 data collection portfolios  to  companies
believed to be in the nonferrous metals forming category.   These
377 tos were sent out under the authority of Section 308 of  the
Clean Water Act to companies on the mailing  list.   The dcps were
sent to  the corporate office of each company and addressed to the
Signes?  rank?ng  corporate official which could   be  identified.
The dcp  instructions clearly stated that  the portfolio was to   be
completed  for  each facility operated by that  company which  had
operations wSich are defined in the instructions to be nonferrous
metals forming.

Atjoroximately   95  percent  of  the  companies   responded   to  the
sS?vey    in   many   cases,  companies  contacted did   not   conduct
operations   covered  by  the  nonferrous  metals forming  category   as
it   is defined by  the Agency.   Where  firms  had nonferrous metals
forming  operations at more  than one  location,   a dcp  was  returned
for  each plant.  A total  of 294 dcps applicable to the  nonferrous
metals  forming category  were  returned.    In cases where  the  dcp
 responses were^ incomplete or unclear,   additional  information was
 requested by telephone  or letter.

 The  dcp  responses  were  interpreted individually,   and the follow-
 ing  data were recorded  for future reference and evaluation:

      -  Company name,  plant address,  and name of  the contact
         listed .in the dcp.

      -  Metal types  formed at  the plant.

      -  Plant discharge status as direct (to surface water),
         indirect (to POTW) , or zero discharge by metal type.

      -  Production process streams present at the plant, as well
         as associated flow rates; production rates? operating
         hours; wastewater treatment, reuse, or disposal methods;
         and the quantity and nature of process chemicals used.

       -  Plant age and number of employees.
                                 323

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      -  Availability of pollutant monitoring data provided by the
         plant.
                                                              i    i
 The  summary listing of this information provided  a  consistent
 systematic   method   of  evaluating  and  summarizing  the   dcp
 responses.   In addition,  procedures were developed to  simplify
 subsequent analyses.   The procedures developed had the follbwino
 capabilities:       •                                            y

      -  Selection and listing of plants containing specific pro-
         duction process streams or treatment technologies.

      -  Summation of the number of plants containing specific
         process streams and treatment combinations.

      -  Calculation of the percent recycle present for specific
         streams and summation of the number of  plants recycling
         this stream within various percent recycle ranges.

      -  Calculation of annual production values associated  with
         each process stream and summation of the number  of  plants
         with these process streams having production values'
         within various ranges.

      -  Calculation of water use and blowdown from individual
         process streams.

 The   calculated information and summaries were  important and  fre-
 quently  used in the development of   this  guideline.   Summaries
 were   used in the category profile,   evaluation of subcategoriza-
 tion,  and  analysis of  in-place treatment  and  control  technolo-
 gies.    Calculated  information was  used  in the determination  of
 water  use and  discharge  values for  the conversion   of  pollutant
 concentrations  to mass  loadings.
                                                              !    '
 After  proposal,   additional  data  were provided in dcps  received
 from   41   plants  that  had  not responded before  proposal  or   that
 were   identified  after   proposal.    Twenty-nine   plants  which
 submitted   dcps   before  proposal  were   recontacted  to  clarify
 information  supplied  in the  dcps.   Two  plants  were  identified
 after  publication   of the  notice  of availability.   Process  and
 wastewater   treatment data  for  these two  plants were obtained  by
 telephone  conversations and  follow-up letters.

 Discharge   Monitoring  Reports.    To  supplement  existing  data
 regarding   treatment-in-place  and the long-term  performance  of
 that treatment,   the Agency collected discharge monitoring report
 (DMR)  data   from state and EPA Regional offices for direct  dis-
 chargers.   DMR data are self-monitoring data supplied by  permit
holders  to  meet state or EPA permit requirements.   These  data
were available from  17 nonferrous metals forming plants;  however,
the data vary widely in character and nature due to the  dissimi-
lar nature of the monitoring and reporting requirements placed on
nonferrous  metals  forming  plants by the NPDES  permit  issuing
authority.    DMR data from plants with lime and  settle  treatment
                               324

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were used as a check on the.achievability of the treatment effec-
tiveness values used to establish the limitations and standards.

Engineering  Site Visits and Sampling Trips.   In addition to the
above data soUEces";  pTTor to proposal, EPA sampled 17 nonferrous
metals  forming plants.  After proposal EPA visited  and  sampled
nine nonferrous forming plants.  Plant visits were made to sample
treated   and  untreated  wastewater  and  to  gather  additional
information  on manufacturing processes,  wastewater  flows,  and
wastewater treatment technologies and associated costs.   _Samples
were  collected at these 17 plants in order to  characterize  the
wastewaters  from the various nonferrous metals forming  manufac-
turing operations and to characterize the performance^ existing
treatment systems.   The 17 plants selected for sampling practice
some   combination  of  hot  rolling,   cold  rolling,   drawing,
extrusion,   forging,   tube  reducing,  cladding,  metal  powder
production  and  powder metallurgy,  as  well as  the  associated
operations  of  casting,   heat  treatment,   surface  _treatment,
alkaline cleaning,  sawing,  grinding,  tumbling, burnishing, and
product testing.   These plants were chosen for sampling  because
the  flow rates and pollutant concentrations in  the  wastewaters
discharged from their manufacturing operations are  representative
of  the  flow :rates and pollutant concentrations  of  wastewaters
generated by similar operations at other plants in  the nonferrous
metals forming industry.

In addition,  EPA  requested  that 49 plants  submit analytical data
on specific raw waste  streams.  Twenty-four plants  provided these
data  and  19  plants  provided samples  which  were  subsequently
analyzed  by EPA's  contract  laboratory.   Three plants   responded
that they were no  longer  forming the metal  for which   information
was requested,  or  their  production  schedule did not  include this
metal within  the  t'imeframe of  the  request.  Three plants reported
that  they  did not actually generate  the waste  stream for  which
information  was   requested.     In   all,    the  Agency   received
analytical  data   for   51  waste   streams   for  which  wastewater
characteristic data were  not previously available.

Utilization of  Industry Data

Data   from the previously listed sources were  used  to develop  BPT
and   BAT  limitations   and NSPS   and  pretreatment   standards   as
described in  this document.    Subcategorization  of  the nonferrous
metals   forming  category,  described in Section  IV,  was based on
 information  obtained  from previous EPA  studies,   the  technical
 literature and our own sampling  data.   Sampling  results were  used
 to determine  raw wastewater characteristics,  presented in Section
V,  and to select pollutant parameters for  control,  as described
 in  Section  VI.    After   determining  the   pollutants  requiring
 control'  and the concentrations  at which they are commonly found,
 applicable treatment technologies were identified.    The applica-
 bility  of wastewater  treatment  technologies currently in use  at
 nonferrous  metals forming plants (reported in dcps and  observed
 at sampled plants) was especially considered.   These technologies
 are described in Section VII.   Section VIII describes the method
                                325

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 used  to  estimate  the  cost  of  various  treatment  technology
 options.   The  cost estimates were based on data from the  tech-
 nical literature and from equipment manufacturers.  Finally, data
 from  dcps and sampling,  along with estimated  treatment  system
 performance,  were  used to develop the limitations and standards
 described in Sections IX,  X, XI, XII, and XIII of this document.
 The data were used first to select treatment technologies  appli-
 cable  to the category and then to calculate achievable  effluent
 pollutant concentrations for each subcategory.
                                                               I
 DESCRIPTION OF THE NONFERROUS METALS FORMING CATEGORY

 The  nonferrous  metals forming category  is  generally  included
 within SIC 3356,   3357, 3463, and 3497 of the Standard Industrial
 Classification Manual,   prepared in 1972 by the Office of Manage-
 ment  and Budget,   Executive Office of the'President.    These SIC
 codes are:    (1)  3356:   Rolling, Drawing, Extruding of Nonferrous
 Metals;   (2)  3357:    Drawing and Insulating Nonferrous Wire;  (3)
 3463:   Nonferrous  Forgings;  and (4)  3497:  Metal,  Foil,  and Leaf.
 The  category includes  establishments engaged in the  forming  of
 nonferrous  metals  and their  alloys,   except for copper and alumi-
 num  for which separate regulations  have been promulgated [40 CFR
 Part 468 (48  FR 36942,   August 15,   1983),  40 CFR  Part 467 (48 FR
 49126,  October 24,  1983)]  and beryllium.   Beryllium alloy forming
 was  included in  the  nonferrous metals forming category  when  the
 regulation  was proposed,   but  was not included   in   the  final
 regulation.

 Casting  of  nonferrous metals is included in  this category when it
 is  performed  as an  integral  part of  the  nonferrous  metals forming
 process.  Casting   of parts  is included  in  the metal molding  and
 casting   category   [40  CFR Part 464  (proposed at 47  FR  51512   on
 November  15,   1982)].    Casting which is an  integral  part  of a
 nonferrous  metals  smelting  and refining operation  is  included in
 the  nonferrous  metals manufacturing  category [40  CFR  Part  421
 (nonferrous   metals manufacturing phase  I,  promulgated  at 49   FR
 8742 on March 8,  1984; nonferrous metals manufacturing  phase  II,
 proposed  at 49  FR 26352 on June 27,  1984)].

 For  the  purpose of this  regulation,   nonferrous metal   has  been
 defined as any  pure metal other  than  iron,  copper,  or  aluminum;
 or  metal  alloy for which a metal other  than   iron,   copper,   or
 aluminum  is its major constituent by weight.   Alloys  are  consid-
 ered  as  only one metal type.    The metal type of any  particular
 alloy  is defined to be the metal that is the major component   in
 percent by weight.   Thus,  an  alloy which is  53 percent  lead  and
 47 percent zinc is considered as  lead,  and an alloy which is   40
 percent   nickel,  35 percent zinc,  and  25 percent tin is  consid-
 ered  as  nickel.   Forming of an  alloy which  is greater   than   50
percent   iron,  copper,  or aluminum is not'included in  the  cate-
 gory.   The above definition is applicable for all metals  except
beryllium  and  precious  metals  alloys.  Beryllium  alloys  are
defined  as  any  nonferrous metal alloy  in  which  beryllium   is
present at 0.1 or greater percent by weight.
                               326

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Alloys  are  considered precious metal alloys when  the  precious
metal is present at 30 or greater percent by weight. Any alloy of
a precious metal and another nonferrous metal, where the precious
metal is present at 30 or greater percent by weight,  is included
in the precious metals subcategory.

Use of the term "metal" throughout this document is not meant  to
imply  pure  metals  only.   "Metal" means any  substance  having
metallic  properties,  including alloys composed of two  or  more
chemical  elements,  of which at least one is an elemental metal.
Thus "copper" means copper and its alloys (brass,  bronze, nickel
silver, beryllium copper, etc.); "iron" means iron and its alloys
(including steel, an alloy of iron and carbon), and so forth.

Forming is the deformation of a metal into specific shapes by hot
or  cold working.   The major forming operations include  rolling
(both hot and cold),  extruding,  forging,  and  drawing.   Minor
forming  operations included in the category are  cladding,  tube
reducing,   swaging,  and  metal  powder  production.   Ancillary
operations  performed as an integral part of the forming  process
are  also  included in the category.   These  operations  include
casting  for subsequent forming,  heat treatment,   surface treat-
ment,  surface coating,  alkaline cleaning,  solvent  degreasing,
product  testing,  and  wet  air pollution  controls  on  forming
operations  and the associated  operations.   Iron,  copper,  and
aluminum  powder  manufacturing and forming of parts  from  metal
powders  as  well as any associated ancillary operations   (listed
above), are covered under the nonferrous metals  forming category,
although  the  other   forming operations  for  these  metals  are
covered  under separate  regulations (Iron and Steel,  40  CFR Part
420; Copper Forming, 40 CFR Part 468;  1983; and  Aluminum  Forming,
40 CFR Part 467).  Metal powder'production processes included^  in
this  category'  include metal powder production  such as   milling,
abrading  or   atomizing.   This  category does   not include  the
production   of   metal  powders   by   chemical   means   such    as
precipitation.  The production  of  metal  powders  by  chemical means
may   be   regulated under  the  inorganic  chemicals  manufacturing
regulation,  40  CFR'Part  415.    The production of metal powder  as
the    final  step  in   refining metal   is   regulated   under  the
nonferrous metals manufacturing regulation,  40 CFR  Part  421.

Casting   of  nonferrous  metals  is  considered  a nonferrous metals
 forming'  operation   when performed as  an  integral  part   of   the
nonferrous  metals forming  process and located at  the  same   plant
 site at  which  nonferrous metals are formed.    This  includes  shot-
 casting  and  casting  of billets,  ingots,  bars,  and  strip which  are
 subsequently   formed on-site.    Casting of  lead  which   is  subse-
 quently  rolled  and fabricated into  battery cases   is   regulated
 under  this  category and under  battery manufacturing  40 CFR  Part
 461.   However,, the limitations  for this casting  operation are  the
 same in each category.

 Surface  treatment  of nonferrous  metal includes any  chemical   or
 electrochemical  treatment  applied to the surface  of   the  metal.
 Surface  treatment  of nonferrous  metals is considered to  be  an
                                327

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 integral  part  of  nonferrous  metals  forming  whenever  it  is
 performed  at the same plant site at which nonferrous metals  are
 formed.   Wastewater  discharges covered by the nonferrous metals
 forming  point  source category,  as delineated  above,  are  not
 subject  to regulation under 40 CFR Part 413 (electroplating)  or
 40 CPR Part 433 (metal finishing).

 Historical

 The nonferrous metals forming category covers forming  operations
 performed on 30 metals.    Nine of these metals  have been excluded
 from this regulation.  These metal types are listed in Table III-
 1,   They  are  excluded from regulation  because,   according  to
 information  reported in dcps,  they are not formed on a  produc-
 tion scale in the United States or because the  forming operations
 performed  on them do not discharge  wastewater.    As  previously
 discussed,  the forming  of beryllium alloys will  be covered under
 another  regulation.    The  21  nonferrous metal  types  that  are
 covered under this regulation are listed in Table III-2.

 Employment data are given in the dcp responses  for  280 plants (84
 percent  of the plants Known to be engaged in  nonferrous   metals
 forming).    These  plants  report  a total of 39,000   workers  in
 nonferrous metals forming.   At an average  plant 117 employees are
 engaged in nonferrous metals forming.    The employment  distribu-
 tion  of nonferrous metals  forming workers at 280 plants  is:    31
 percent employ fewer  than 25 people in  nonferrous metals   forming
 operations;   71  percent   employ fewer  than 100  people   in  this
 capacity;  and 96  percent  employ fewer than 500  people.

 Nonferrous  metals  forming  plants  are not  limited to  any one  geo-
 graphical  location.    As  shown in  Figure III-l,   plants are found
 throughout  most   of   the United States,   but  the  ma-jority   are
 located(east of the Mississippi  River.  Population  density  is  not
 a  limiting factor  in  plant  location.    Nonferrous metals   forming
 plants   tend  to   be  more common in  urban   areas,   but  they   are
 frequently found  in rural areas  as well.

 The majority of  the nonferrous metals forming plants  (72 percent)
 that reported  the age  of  their  facility indicated they were built
 since 1954.  Table  III-3  shows  the age  distribution of nonferrous
 metals   forming  plants   according   to  their   classification
 direct,  indirect, and  zero discharge type.
as
Product Description

Nonferrous  metals  are  formed  by  a  variety  of   operations,
described in the second half of this section.  The product of one
operation  is often the starting material for a subsequent opera-
tion, _  as shown in Figure III-2.  Cast ingots and billets are the
starting point for making sheet and plate,  extrusions, and forg-
ings,  as  well as rod,  for use in drawing  operations.   Rolled
sheet and plate can be used as stock for stampings,  can  blanks,
and roll formed products;  as finished products in building,  and
aircraft construction; or as foil.   Extrusions can be used as raw
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stock for forging and drawing;  or can be sold as final products,
such  as beams or extruded tubing.   Forgings are either sold  as
consumer   products  or  used  as  parts  in  the  production  of
machinery, aircraft, and engines.

Products  manufactured  by nonferrous metals  forming  operations
qenerally  serve as stock for subsequent fabricating  operations.
Because the 21 metals included in this category have_a wide range
of physical,  chemical,  and electrochemical properties, they are
Ssed  in a wide range of fabricated products.   The  forming  and
associated operations in common use for a particular metal depend
on what is possible,  given the physical properties of the metal,
and what is required for a specific application.  For example:

     -  Bismuth has a low melting point and thus is rolled into
        strip for use in fuses.  When alloyed with lead, tin,
        or cadmium, it  is also extruded and drawn into solder
        wire.

     -  Cobalt :is often alloyed with nickel, and is formed by the
        same method used to form  steels.  It is used for applica-
        tions requiring strength  and corrosion resistance at high
        temperatures, such as turbine blades.

     -  Hafnium  is  formed into control  rods  for nuclear  reactors
        because  of  its  special properties.

     -  Lead  is  extruded and  swaged  into bullets because it  is
        dense and  inexpensive.   When alloyed with tin,  bismuth,
        and cadmium,  it is extruded  into solder, an application
        which makes use of its  low melting  point.  Lead is  formed
         into  cases  for  automobile batteries because of  its  elec-
         trochemical properties  and because  it  is inexpensive.

      -   Magnesium is extruded into cases for batteries  used in
         portable communications  equipment.   The  application takes
         advantage of the metal's electrochemical properties and
         light weight.

      -   Nickel  is often alloyed with chrome and iron  to make
         stainless steel alloys,'many greater than  50  percent
         nickel.   It is formed by all major  forming  operations and
         is used in applications requiring  high strength and
         corrosion resistance at high temperatures,  such as tubing
         for steam and gas turbines  and in  jet engines.

      -  Precious metals (silver, gold, platinum,  and palladium)
         are corrosion-resistant and good electrical conductors.
         Because of their expense, they are often used as a thin
         layer clad to  a layer of base metal (usually copper or
         nickel) which  is rolled into strip and stamped into
         electrical contacts.  Pure and clad precious metals are
         also drawn to  wire used to fabricate jewelry.  The
         corrosion resistance of precious metals makes them useful
         in dentistry.
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      -  Refractory metals  (columbium, molybdenum,  rhenium, tanta-
         lum,  tungsten, and vanadium) must be formed at high tem-
         peratures (relative to other metals) or as powders
         because they have melting points above 1,960C.  Their
         unique properties make them useful for specialized appli-
         cations.  Columbium is used as a structural material in
         nuclear reactors.  Molybdenum is drawn into semiconductor
         wires.  Although rhenium can be cold worked there are no
         common uses and very little production of formed rhenium.
         Tantalum is used in very small capacitors and heat trans-
         fer and furnace equipment.  Tungsten finds wide applica-
         tion ^ as filaments for electric light bulbs.  As tungsten
         carbide it is used in cutting tools and abrasives because
         of its extreme hardness.

      -  Tin is used in solder, usually alloyed with lead.

      -  Titanium,  used in aerospace applications because of its
         high_strength and light weight,  is formed by all major
         forming techniques.   It is also  used for corrosion-
         resistant  hardware and surgical  implants.

      -  Uranium, when composed of 0.2  to 0.3 percent 235U  (the
         fissionable  isotope),  remainder  238U,  is called
         depleted uranium.   This material is  extruded into  armor
         piercing projectiles  because  it  is extremely dense.

         Zinc is light-weight  and corrosion-resistant.   It  is
         rolled into  sheet  for  architectural  uses  and stamped  into
         penny  blanks.   Its  chemical properties  make it  useful  for
         battery cases  and  lithographic plates.

      -   Zirconium  is used  to  clad nuclear  fuel  rods  in  water
         cooled reactors and as  a  construction material  in
         chemical plants because  of its high melting  point and
         corrosion  resistance.   It  is extruded into  tubes and
         rolled into plate and  sheet.

Some  forming   operations are more commonly used on  some  metals
than  others.   For  instance, 72 percent of plants which  form lead,
tin,  or  bismuth  extrude these metals,  but only 8.3 percent  of
lead  forming   plants forge (swage) the metal.   Casting  is  not
common at refractory metals plants (26 percent of the plants) but
powder metallurgy  is (79 percent of the plants).  Precious metals
are commonly rolled (67 percent) and drawn (53 percent), but less
commonly extruded  (16 percent).

Production  of  formed nonferrous metal products is tabulated  in
Table III-4.  Production varies widely, from as little as two and
a  half  million pounds of cobalt to 391 million pounds  of  lead
products  formed in 1981.    Approximately 234 million  pounds  of
iron,  steel,  copper,  and  aluminum powders and parts made from
powder  were  produced in 1981.   Reported production  of  formea
nonferrous metals  at individual plant sites ranged from 12 kg (27
                               330

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pounds) to almost 23 million kg (51 million pounds) during 1981.

Wastewater Generation and Treatment

One hundred seventy-six plants indicated that no wastewater ^from
nonferrous  metals  forming  operations is discharged  to  either
surface waters or a POTW.   Of the remaining 158 plants,  37 dis-
charge  an  effluent from nonferrous metals forming  directly  to
surface   waters,   while  121  discharge   indirectly,   sending
nonferrous metals forming effluent through a POTW.  The volume of
nonferrous metals forming wastewater discharged by plants in this
category  ranges from 0 to 893 million liters per year (0 to  236
million gallons per year).  The mean volume is approximately 28.1
million liters per year (7.42 million gallons per year) for those
plants  having discharges.   Only 102 of the  discharging  plants
provided enough information to calculate the volume of wastewater
discharged.   Of these 102 plants, 18 percent discharge less than
38,000  liters  per year  (10,000 gallons per  year);  36  percent
discharge  less than 380,000 liters per year (100,000 gallons per
year);  70 percent discharge less than 3,800,000 liters per  year
(1,000,000 gallons per year);  and 90 percent discharge less than
38,000,000  liters per year (10,00,000 gallons per year).   There
is no  correlation between overall water use and total  nonferrous
metals production for a plant as a whole.   However, correlations
can  be  developed between water use or wastewater discharge  and
production on a process basis, as discussed in Section V.

Approximately  44  percent of the plants reported  some   form   of
treatment of wastewater from nonferrous metals forming processes.
The  most common forms of wastewater treatment are pH adjustment,
clarification,  and gravity oil separation  (skimming).    Recircu-
lation,   including  in-line  filtration and  cooling  towers,   is
frequently  used to control the volume of  wastewater  generated.
Other  flow reduction techniques demonstrated, include countercur-
rent cascade and spray rinsing.   Oily wastes are  separated  into
oil and water .fractions by emulsion breaking using heat or chemi-
cals.  Gravity separation is frequently used to separate  neat oil
and broken emulsions' from the water fraction.  The oil portion  is
usually removed  by  a contractor,  although  some plants dispose  of
it  by land application  or incineration.   Wastewater  treatment
sludges generally are not thickened,  but are disposed of without
treatment; however, vacuum and pressure filters,  centrifuges, and
drying beds  are occasionally  used.   Sludge  disposal  methods
include landfill and contractor removal.    Disposal  of wastewater
is  being accomplished by discharge  to  surface waters  or  a  POTW,
by  contractor removal, or by  land  application  (lagoons and  septic
tanks).

DESCRIPTION OF NONFERROUS METALS  FORMING  PROCESSES

 In  the remainder of this  section,  nonferrous metal forming_opera-
 tions  and operations associated with  nonferrous metal  forming  are
described in  detail.    In these descriptions,  particular  emphasis
 is  placed on  the use of  water  and generation  of wastewater.    The
major   nonferrous   metals forming operations  covered  under   this
                                331

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 guideline include:
      1.


      2.



      3.



      4.
Rolling, drawing, extruding and forging of nonferrous
metals other than copper, aluminum, and beryllium;

Cladding of any metals other than iron, copper,
aluminum, and beryllium to any base metal (including
iron, steel, copper, aluminum, and beryllium);

Production of powders of all metals except beryllium
(including iron, copper, and aluminum) by mechanical
methods or atomization; and

Manufacture of parts from powders of all metals except
beryllium (including iron, copper, and aluminum).
Nonferrous metal  forming  operations which are associated with the
above  operations are  also  included  in  this  category.   These
include:

     1.  Casting  of nonferrous metals  for subsequent forming;

     2.  Heat treatment;

     3.  Chemical surface treatments (acid, caustid, chromate,
         molten salt, electrocoating);

     4.  Chemical cleaning  (alkaline);

     5.  Degreasing;

     6.  Mechanical surface treatments  (machining, grinding,
         polishing, tumbling, burnishing);

     7.  Sawing;

     8.  Product  testing; and

     9.  Other operations generating wastewater.

Water is used in  forming of nonferrous metals to achieve  desired
metal  characteristics  such as tensile  strength,  malleability,
hardness,  and  specific surface characteristics.   Water can  be
used_ without_additives,  as in contact cooling and  rinsing;  in
combination with  soaps and oils, as in lubricating various opera-
tions;   and  in combination with other chemicals,  as in  surface
treatment and cleaning operations;   Water is used in vapor  form
to  steam clean and surface treat some metals and as a high pres-
sure jet in the production of metal powders by  atomization.   In
addition  to its  use in applications which directly affect  metal
properties,  water  is used in cleaning nonferrous metal  forming
plants and equipment and in devices used to control air pollution
generated  during forming.   A tally of wastewater sources in the
nonferrous  metals  forming industry is presented in  Section  V.
Regulatory flow allowances for waste streams under BPT/.BAT,
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NSPS,  and pretreatment standards are presented and discussed  in
Sections IX, X, XI, XII, and XIII, respectively.

EPA  recognizes  that  plants sometimes combine  wastewater  from
nonferrous  metals  forming and other  processes  and  nonprocess
wastewater prior to treatment and discharge.  Pollutant discharge
allowances will be established by this guideline only for nonfer-
rous metals forming process wastewater.  The flows and wastewater
characteristics  for  other waste streams are a function  of  the
plant  operations,  layout,  and water handling practices.   As a
result,  the  pollutant discharge effluent limitation for  waste-
water streams other than nonferrous metals'forming process  water
will  be  prepared by the permitting authority on a  case-by-case
basis,  applying  other effluent limitations and  guidelines,  if
appropriate.  These wastewaters are not further discussed in this
document.

Nonferrous Metals Forming Operations

Rolling.   Rolling is the process of reducing the cross-sectional
area of metal stock, or otherwise shaping metal products, through
the application of pressure by rotating rolls.  Cylindrical rolls
are  used to produce flat shapes;  grooved rolls produce  rounds,
squares,  and structural shapes.   Two common roll configurations
are'shown in Figure III-3.   Because multiple passes through _the
rolls  are  often  required to reduce the metal  to  the  desired
thickness,  mills are frequently designed to allow rolling in the
reverse direction.

Rolling  employs either hot- or cold-working techniques depending
on  the kind of metal or alloy,  and the properties desired in the
final  product.   Hot   rolling is defined as  rolling  above  the
recrystallization  temperature of the metal and is typically  the
first step  in a' series  of operations to produce a rolled product.
Cast  ingots  or  billets are usually  reduced by hot   rolling_ to
elongated   forms,  known as blooms or  slabs.   The rolling  mills
used  for this operation are generally referred to as  "breakdown
mills"  or  "roughing mills."  Additional hot or cold rolling  can
then  follow the  "breakdown" process.   A diagram of a  reversing
hot  strip,mill which would be used subsequent  to  a   "breakdown"
operation is presented  in Figure  III-4.

Cold  rolling  ;is defined as rolling below  the  recrystallization
temperature of the metal and may be carried out at  temperatures
much  higher than  ambient and still be  considered "cold"   rolling.
A  diagram  of  a typical 4-high cold  rolling mill is presented  in
Figure  III-5.  :

The  rolling   process  is used  to  produce any one of a  number  of
intermediate or final  products  from  cast metal.   Rolling  is used
to   make  flat  products  such  as plate,  sheet,   strip,  and   foil.
Plate  is defined as being greater than or  equal to 6.3 mm   (0.25
inch)  thick,   and is usually produced  from  ingots by hot  rolling.
Cold rolled flat  products  are  generally classified as  sheet  [from
                                333

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 6.3   to 0.15  mm (0.249  to 0.007  inch)  thick]  and  foil  [below  0.15
 mm (0.006  inch)  thick].

 Rod,   bar,  and wire  may  be produced  by either hot or cold  rolling
 using  grooved  rolls.    Rod  is  defined as  having a  solid round
 cross  section 0.95  cm  (3/8 inch)  or more in   diameter.    Bar   is
 also   identified  by a cross  section with 0.95 cm (3/8   inch)   or
 more   between two  parallel sides,  but it is  not  round.    Wire  is
 characterized by a diameter of less  than 0.95 cm  (3/8  inch).

 A specialized cold rolling operation,   called tube reducing,   is
 used   to  reduce the diameter and  wall thickness   of   tubing.   A
 mandrel is inserted in  the tubing which is then  rolled  between a
 pair   of  rolls  with tapered  grooves.    This  process is  used   on
 nickel,  silver,  gold, zirconium, and titanium tubing.

 As  will be discussed later in this  section,   heat treatment   is
 usually required  before and between  stages  of the rolling  pro-
 cess.    Ingots   are  usually made homogeneous  in   grain   structure
 prior  to hot  rolling in  order to remove the effects of casting  on
 the   metal's  mechanical  properties.    Annealing is   typically
 required between  passes or after  cold rolling to keep the  metal
 ductile and  remove  the  effects of work hardening.   The kind and
 degree   of  heat  treatment applied  depends on  the  metal and  alloy
 involved, the nature of  the rolling  operation, and the properties
 desired in  the product.

 It is necessary  to use a cooling and lubricating  compound  during
 rolling  to  prevent excessive wear  on the rolls,   to prevent: adhe-
 sion  of metal to  the rolls,  and  to maintain  a suitable and uni-
 form  rolling  temperature.   Water  and oil-in-water  emulsions,
 stabilized  with  emulsifying agents such as  soaps  and other  polar
 organic  materials, are used for this purpose  in hot rolling oper-
 ations.   Emulsion   concentrations usually  vary between  5 and   10
 percent  oil.    Evaporation of the lubricant as it is sprayed   on
 the hot  metal serves  to  cool the rolling process.   Mist elimina-
 tors  may be used  to  recover rolling emulsions that are dispersed
 to  the  atmosphere.    The  emulsions are  typically  filtered   to
 remove  metal  fines  and   other   contaminants  and  recirculated
 through  the mills

Water  without additives  is also used as a  coolant and  lubricant
 in hot  rolling operations.   The water  is typically not recycled,
but used once and discharged.    Oil-in-water emulsions, described
above,  and  mineral oil or kerosene-based  lubricants are used  in
cold  rolling  operations.   Emulsions  are used   to  roll  lead,
nickel,  magnesium, precious metals,  refractory metals, and zinc.
Neat oils are used to roll  nickel,    zinc,  and refractory metals.
Kerosene-based   lubricants  are  used to  roll  precious  metals.
Graphite  based  lubricants  are sometimes used'  to  roll  refractory
metals.  Often a light (low viscosity)  oil or emulsion is used to
lubricate the outside of a  tube during  tube reducing,   while  the
inside  is  lubricated with a heavier  (higher viscosity)   oil  or
grease.  ' These  lubricants eventually become rancid or  degraded
and  are  eliminated by continuous  bleed or  periodic  discharge.
                               334

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Generally,  spent  neat  oils  and tube reducing  lubricants
contract hauled to treatment and disposal off-site.
                                                             are
The  steel  rolls  used in hot and cold  rolling  operations  may
require  periodic machining to remove metal buildup and to  grind
away  any cracks or imperfections that appear on the  surface  of
the  rolls.   The  survey  of the industry  indicated  that  roll
grinding with an oil-in-water emulsion is common practice.   This
emulsion  is  usually recycled and periodically discharged  after
treatment with other emulsified waste streams at the plant.

Of the surveyed plants,  112 have rolling operations.  Wastewater
is discharged from lead,  nickel-cobalt,  zinc,  precious metals,
titanium, and refractory metals rolling operations.

Drawing.  Drawing is pulling of metal through a die or succession
of dies to reduce its diameter,  alter the cross-sectional shape,
or  increase its hardness.   This process is used to  manufacture
tube,  rod,  bar, and wire.  In the drawing of tubing, one end of
an extruded tube is swaged to form a solid point and then  passed
through the die.  A clamp, known as a bogie, grips the swaged end
of tubing,  as shown in Figure III-6.  A mandrel is then inserted
into  the die orifice,  and the tubing is pulled between the man-
drel and die,  reducing the outside diameter and the wall  thick-
ness of the tubing.   Wire,  rod, and bar drawing is accomplished
in a similar manner,  but the metal is drawn through a simple_die
orifice  without  using  a  mandrel.   A  diagram  of  a   typical
hydraulic draw bench is presented in Figure III-7.

Drawing may be carried out hot or cold.   In order to ensure uni-
form  drawing  temperatures and avoid excessive wear on the  dies
and mandrels used,  it is essential that a suitable lubricant  be
applied  during drawing.   A wide variety of lubricants are  used
for this purpose.   Heavier draws,  which have a higher reduction
in diameter,  may require oil-based lubricants,  but oil-in-water
emulsions  are  used for  many  applications.   Graphite,  ground
glass, soap powders,- and soap solutions may also be used for some
of  the-lighter draws.   Drawing oils are usually recycled until
their-lubricating properties are exhausted.

Intermediate  annealing  is frequently required between draws  in
order to  restore the ductility lost by cold working of the drawn
product.  .,Degreasing  of  the metal may be required  to   prevent
burning of heavy lubricating oils in the annealing furnaces.

Of  the   surveyed   plants,  94 have  drawing   operations.   Spent
lubricants are Discharged  from lead,  nickel,  zinc, and precious
metals drawing Operations.
 Extrusion.
	    In the extrusion process, high pressures are applied
to a cast metal billet,  forcing the metal to flow through a  die
orifice.   The resulting product is an elongated shape or tube of
uniform cross-sectional area.   If a piercing mandrel is,used, or
if  the center of the billet or round has been removed by  boring
or trepanning, the extruded product is a tube.
                                335

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 There  are  two  basic  methods  of  extrusion  practiced  in  the  nonfer-
 rous metals  forming  category:

         Direct extrusion,  and
     -  Indirect  extrusion.

 The  direct  extrusion  process  is  shown schematically   in   Figure
 III-8.   A  heated   cylindrical billet is placed  into   the  ingot
 chamber,   and   the   dummy  block and  ram are placed  into position
 behind  it.    Pressure   is  exerted  on the ram  by   hydraulic  or
 mechanical means, forcing  the metal  to flow through the die open-
 ing.   The extrusion is sawed off  next to the die,   and the dummy
 block  and ingot  butt are  released.   Hollow shapes are produced
 with   the  use  of  a mandrel positioned in  the die  opening so that
 the metal  is forced  to  flow  around it.    A less common technique,
 indirect extrusion,   is similar,   except  that in  this  method,  the
 die is forced  against the  billet extruding the metal in the oppo-
 site direction through  the ram  stem.   A  dummy block is not used
 in  indirect extrusion.    Diagrams of extrusion tooling equipment
 and a  typical  extrusion press are  presented in Figures. III-9   and
 111-10,  respectively.

 Although some  metals,   such  as  lead,  can be extruded  .cold,  most
 metals  are  heated   first to reduce adhesion of  the dde  to   the
 extrusion  and the  resulting cracks and  flakes in   the extruded
 product  (galling).   Extrusion at  elevated  temperatures also
 reduces the  amount of work hardening that will be imposed  on   the
 product.   Heat   treatment is frequently  used after  extrusion  to
 attain  the  desired  mechanical  properties and will  be   described,
 in  detail,  later   in  this  section.   At some  plants,   contact
 cooling of the extrusion,  sometimes called press heat, treatment,
 is practiced as the  extrusion leaves the  press.,  This  can  be done
 in  one  of  three ways:   with a  water spray near   the die,  by
 immersion  in  a water tank adjacent  to the runout   table,,;   or  by
 passing  the metal through a water wall.   Contact  cooling water
 may also be-used  to  cool extrusion dummy  blocks, though no plants
 in  this   category specifically reported  its use.' •   Following  an
 extrusion,   the  dummy  block drops from the press and   is,   cooled
 before  being  used again.  Air  cooling is most commonly used '  for
 this purpose,  but water may  be  used  to quench the dummy blocks.

 The  extrusion process  requires the use of a lubricant.£,0  prevent
 adhesion of  the metal to the die and ingot container   wal
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be  encased in a copper or steel can before extrusion.   The  can
prevents  galling of the core metal and is reduced to a very thin
shell  as  a result of the extrusion.   The thin  shell  is  then
removed from the core metal by acid pickling or machining.

Extrusion  presses that are used to extrude hard alloys  such  as
aircraft  alloys operate under extremely high  pressures.   These
presses  frequently  use an oil-water emulsion as  the  hydraulic
fluid instead of neat oil which is used as the hydraulic fluid in
other presses to reduce the risk of fires.   Due to the nature of
this  hydraulic  fluid and the extremely  -high  pressures,  these
extrusion  presses  frequently  develop  hydraulic  fluid  leaks.
Extrusion  press  hydraulic fluid leakage was reported at  plants
forming lead, nickel, refractory metals, titanium, and zirconium.

The  steel  dies used in the extrusion process  require  frequent
dressing  and repairing to ensure the necessary dimensional  pre-
cision  and surface quality of the product.   The metal that  has
adhered  to  the die orifice is typically removed by grinding  or
polishing, which is a dry process.

Of the surveyed plants, 75 have extrusion operations.  Wastewater
is  discharged from  lead,  nickel,  precious  metals,  titanium,
refractory metals, zirconium, and uranium extrusion operations.

Forging.   Forging is deforming metal, usually hot, with compres-
sive force into desired shapes, with or without dies.  The actual
forging  process is a dry operation.   Five types of forging  are
commonly practiced in the nonferrous metals forming category:

     -  Closed die'forging,
        Open die forging,
     -  Rolled ring forging,
     -  Impacting, and
        Swaging.

In  each  of  these techniques,  pressure is exerted on  dies  or
rolls,  forcing the heated stock to  take  the-desired shape.   The
first three processes are types of hot working; the other  two are
cold working.

Closed die forging  (Figure Ill-lla),  the most prevalent   method,
is  accomplished by hammering or squeezing  the metal between  two
steel dies, one fixed to  the hammer  or press ram  and  the other to
the anvil.   Forging hammers,  mechanical presses,  and hydraulic
presses  can  be  used  for the closed die forging  of  nonferrous
metals.   The heated stock is placed in the lower die  and, by one
or  more blows of the ram,   forced to take  the shape  of   the  die
set.   In closed die forging, the metal is  shaped entirely within
the cavity created  by these  two dies.  The  die set comes  together
to  completely enclose  the forging,  giving lateral  restraint  to
the flow of the metal.

The  process  of open die forging  (Figure Ill-lib) is  similar  to
that described above,   but in this method,  the shape  of  the  forg-
                                337

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ing  is determined by manually turning the stock  and  regulating
the blows of the hammer or strokes of the press.   Open die forg-
ing  requires  a  great deal of skill and  only  simple,  roughly
shaped  forgings  can be produced.   It is primarily  used  as  a
breakdown  process to improve the workability of cast billets and
to form them into rounds,  octagons, and other shapes.  Occasion-
ally  the process is used in development work in which items  are
produced in small quantities making the cost of closed-type  dies
prohibitive.

The  process of rolled ring forging is used in the manufacture of
seamless rings.   In one type of ring rolling, a hollow cylindri-
cal  billet  is rotated between a mandrel and  pressure  roll  to
reduce  its thickness and increase its diameter (Figure III-12.a).
In another type of ring rolling, a hollow preform is mounted on a
saddle-mandrel  and  reduced in wall thickness  by  the  repeated
blows of a hammer (Figure III-12b).

Impacting,  depicted  in Figure 111-13,  is a combination of cold
forging and cold extrusion.   The process is performed by placing
a cut-off piece of metal in a bottom die.   A top die  consisting
of  a round or rectangular punch is fastened to the press ram and
is  driven  into the metal slug.   This causes the  metal  to  be
driven  up around the top punch.   Usually,  the metal adheres to
the punch and must be stripped off as the press ram rises.

Swaging,  the process of forming a taper or a reduction on  metal
products such as rod and tubing, is another type of forging. When
swaging  is  the initial step in drawing tube or  wire,  a  solid
point is formed by repeated blows of one or more pairs of  oppos-
ing  dies  (this process is also called pointing).   Swaging  can
also  be  used to reduce the diameter of tube or wire  without  a
subsequent  drawing operation,  especially when the  metal  being
worked  is  brittle  (e.g.,  tungsten).   The process  of  making
tapered bullets from lead wire is also called swaging.

Proper lubrication of the dies is essential in forging nonferrous
metals.  Colloidal graphite in either a water or an oil medium is
usually sprayed onto the dies for this purpose in the hot working
types  of forging.   For shallow impressions,  a single spray  is
usually adequate.  Dies may be sprayed manually or with automatic
sprays timed with the press stroke.   Deeper cavities may require
a second manual spray or swabbing to ensure that all die surfaces
are covered.

Forging presses that are operated under extremely high  pressures
develop  hydraulic  fluid leaks.   Forging press hydraulic  fluid
leakage was reported at plants forming nickel and titanium,

Particulates and smoke may be generated from the partial  combus-
tion  of  oil-based  lubricants as they contact the  hot  forging
dies.   In those cases,  air pollution controls may be  required.
Baghouses,  wet scrubbers,  and commercially available dry "scrub-
bers are in use at nonferrous metals forming facilities.      I
                               338

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Oil-in-water  emulsions  and neat oils are used as lubricants  in
swaging processes.  The lubricants are usually filtered to remove
metal  fines  and other contaminants and  recirculated.   As  the
lubricants become rancid or degraded they are  discarded,  either
through continuous bleed or periodic batch discharge.

In addition to use in lubricants and air pollution control, water
is used to cool forging dies, clean equipment, and in heat treat-
ment.   Quenching  is  employed to attain  desired  metallurgical
properties,  usually by plunging hot pieces in a water bath imme-
diately after forging.   Titanium,  refractory metals, zirconium,
magnesium, and uranium forgings are sometimes treated this way.

Of the surveyed plants,  .72 have forging operations.   Wastewater
is discharged from lead, .nickel,  titanium,  refractory  metals,
zirconium, magnesium, and uranium forging operations.

Cladding.   A  clad metal is a composite metal containing two  or
more  layers that have been bonded together.   Some typical  clad
configurations are shown in Figure 111-14.   The bonding may have
been  accomplished by roll bonding (co-rolling),  solder applica-
tion  (brazing), or explosion bonding.

In the roll bonding process,  a permanent bond between two metals
is  obtained -by  rolling under high pressure in a  bonding  mill.
The high pressure increases the temperature of the  metals,  pro-
moting  codiffusion  so  that a metallurgical bond forms  at  the
interface.   In   some  cases  a sintering  step  is   required  to
increase  bond strength.   Clad metals consisting of  a base metal
with  an overlay  or inlay of precious metal are produced for  the
electrical and electronics industry and for jewelry   applications
(e.g., gold filled wire).  To produce an inlay, a ditch  is skived
in  the  base metal,  filled with a strip of precious
rolled to form a  bond.
metal  and
 The   solder  application  or  brazing  process  is  also  used   to  make
 clad   metals.    The  term soldering  is  used  where  the   temperature
 range  falls below 425C  (800F).   The  term  brazing  is  used   where
 the   temperature exceeds 425C  (800F).    In  this process,  a  thin
 layer  (film  or  foil)  of  a low  melting point metal   is placed
 between  two  layers  of metal to  be   bonded.    The   three-layer
 assembly is  then placed  into a furnace at the  melting  temperature
 of  the filler metal.    Bonding results from the  intimate contact
 produced  by the dissolution of a small amount of the  base   metal
 and   the  top  metal  in the  molten filler metal,   without direct
 fusion of the  two metal  layers.   Upon cooling, the clad  material
 can   be  formed  by   any of the  forming  operations   previously
 described.

 A third method of producing clad metals, pressure bonding,  is  a
 combination  of roll bonding and solder bonding.    A   three-layer
 assembly  of Bolder  and  the metals  to  be bonded is placed into  a
 furnace,  just  as in solder bonding.    However,   the  heating_  is
 accompanied  by the application of pressure, as in roll  bonding.
 The   bonded  metal  may  be  cooled by a water spray after  it   is
                                339

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 removed  from the bonding furnace.                             ;

 In  explosion bonding,  the metallurgical joining of two or  more
 metals   is  accomplished  by the force of a  carefully  detonated
 explosion.   The explosion moves progressively across the surface
 of  the  cladder metal,  accelerating it across a "standoff  dis-
 tance" and against the backer metal.   The force of the explosion
 shears   away the oxide- and nitride-containing surface layers  of
 both  metals and causes them to behave as a fluid.   The  sheared
 away  layers  are  jetted out ahead of the point  where  the  two
 metals   collide.   As the collision point advances,  the  jetting
 action   produces  metallurgically  clean  surfaces  which,  under
 extreme  pressure,  allow normal interatomic  and  intermolecular
 forces to create an electron-sharing bond.   The result is a cold
 weld,  with  a characteristic wave pattern at the weld  interface
 caused by the turbulent plastic metal flow after collision.

 Explosion  bonding  is used to produce  clad  plate,  sheet,  and
 tubes,   and to form structural transition joints.  Clad plate can
 be  used in the gauge at which it is formed or it can be  rolled
 down to  final gauge.

 Except   for  pressure  bonding which uses  some  contact  cooling
 water,   none  of the cladding processes described above  generate
 process  wastewater.   The main source of process  wastewater  in
 metal cladding operations is in cleaning the metal surfaces prior
 to bonding.   For small batch operations,  the cleaning steps can
 involve  dipping the metal into small cleaning bath tanks and hand
 rinsing  the metal in a sink.   For larger continuous operations,
 the  metal  may be cleaned in a power scrubline.   In  a  typical
 scrubline,  metal  strip passes through a detergent  bath,  spray
 rinse,   acid bath,  spray rinse, rotating abrasive scrub brushes,
 and  a   final rinse.   The metal may then pass through  a  heated
 drying chamber or may air dry.

 Metal Powder Production.  For regulatory convenience, the produc-
 tion  of  all metal powders but beryllium have been  included  in
 this category.   Atomization,  depicted in Figure II.I-15,  is the
 most common method of producing metal powders.   In this process,
 a stream of fluid,  usually water or gas,  impinges upon a molten
 metal stream,  breaking it into droplets which solidify as powder
 particles.   The size and shape of atomized powder is  determined
 by  jet  configuration,  jet design,  composition of the impinging
medium,  and composition of the metal. Generally, gas atomization
 is used  to produce spherical particles while water atomization is
 used to  produce irregularly shaped particles, required for powder
metallurgy  applications in which a powder is cold pressed into a
 compact.  In addition, the duration of cooling plays an important
 role  in determining particle configuration.    Annealing  usually
 accompanies  atomization for the purpose of rearranging  internal
 crystal  structures of metal powders,  and consequently  improving
 strength.

 Powders  are also produced by disintegration of solid metal  into
powder by mechanical comminution.  This process is used for brit-
                               340

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tie  ores or chemically embrittled metals.   It is also  used  to
produce  powder  from  turnings and other scrap of  more  ductile
metals.   The most commonly utilized pieces of mechanical  reduc-
tion equipment are ball mills,  vortex mills,  hammer mills, disc
mills,  and  roll  mills.   Powder production with this  type  of
machinery  tends to produce  angular,  irregular,  rod-like,  and
flaked physical structures.   Occasionally, powders are milled in
a water slurry.

In  addition  to its use as an atomization medium and  a  milling
slurry,  water is used to clean floors in metal powder production
areas and in the equipment used to control particulate air pollu-
tion  from metal powder production operations (wet scrubbers  and
electrostatic precipitators).

Surveyed  plants produce powders from all of the metals formed by
traditional means except titanium and rhenium (see Table  III-3).
Iron,  stainless steel,  and copper alloy powders are produced in
the  largest  quantities and by the greatest number  of  manufac-
turers.   The  high  demand for these metal powders is caused  by
their  large-scale  applications in the  auto  manufacturing  and
machining industries.,   After iron and steel,  copper, and alumi-
num,  and their alloys, the metal powders produced in the largest
quantity are tungsten and tungsten carbide,  lead and its alloys,
and nickel and its alloys.  Wastewater is discharged from nickel,
precious metals, iron and steel, copper, aluminum, and refractory
metals powder production operations.

Production of Powder Metallurgy Parts.   Metal powders are formed
into  parts  by  a "press and sinter"  operation,  consisting  of
blending metal powders,  compacting the mixture in a die and then
heating  or sintering the compacted powder in a controlled  atmo-
sphere  to bond the particles into a strong  shape.   Parts  made
from pressed powder are often referred to as compacts.  A diagram
of  two  pressing configurations is presented in  Figure  111-16.
Compaction  forces range from 1.1 to 385 tons..   Contact  cooling
water  is  sometimes  used to cool the parts after  the  pressing
operation.  Air  pollution  from  mixing the  metals  powders  is
sometimes controlled by wet scrubbers.

Following compaction, "green" metal powder compacts are sent to a
furnace for sintering.   Furnace temperatures are held below  the^
melting point of the metal being sintered, from 1,OOOC to 1,800C.

To  prevent formation of oxide films on particle surfaces  (which
inhibit  formation of metallic bonds between particles) an  inert
atmosphere  or  vacuum  must be maintained inside  the  sintering
furnace.  Hydrogen, although expensive, is the most commonly used
inert gas.   Alternatively, vacuum systems capable of maintaining
a pressure of 10 MPa (2.96 x 10-6 in Hg) are typically  employed.
As an extra precaution against contamination with air, the vacuum
furnace and its inlet and outlet ports may be jacketed with inert
gas.

During  the sintering process,  air present in the metal compacts
                               341

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before  sintering is exhausted,  thus decreasing the porosity  of
the compact and increasing its strength.   Further  strengthening
occurs  as surface metal atoms recrystallize,  realigning into  a
close crystal lattice pattern.

For  some applications,  porosity may be further decreased by the
process  of infiltration,  in which a liquid phase, is allowed  to
penetrate  the  pores  between metal particles  during  or  after
sintering.   The  liquid used may be a nonalloying metal  with  a
lower  melting point than the compacted metal,  oil,  or an anti-
friction polymer such as  polytetrafluoroethylene.   Infiltration
with  copper  is  commonly  used in  manufacturing  tungsten  and
molybdenum compacts for electrical contacts.

In  some cases,  a final mechanical fabrication step,  sizing  or
coining,  is  used.   In this process,  the sintered  compact  is
deformed  in  a closed die to produce a final.shape.   Sizing  is
used  to  qualify dimensions and has no effect on  part  density.
Coining   increases  part  density  in  addition  to   qualifying
dimensions.  Pressures applied during coining range up to 700 MPa
(100,000 psi), depending on the size and shape of the die and the
nature  of  the  metal compact being formed.   In  some  cases  a
lubricant  is  used to prevent the compact from adhering  to  the
die.   This lubricant is usually not discharged from the process,
but lost through drag-out on the parts.   Sintered metal compacts
also may be rolled, extruded, or drawn.

Although  many  parts are ready for use after sintering  is  com-
pleted, a number of secondary operations are available to further
finish parts to meet the need of specific applications.   Finish-
ing operations used subsequent to the forming of parts from metal
powder include oil and or resin  impregnation,  deburring,  steam
oxidation,  and treatment with rust inhibitor.   Oil impregnation
improves  a  part's  lubricity as well  as  increasing  corrosion
resistance.  When part's are to be plated, resin impregnation can
be  used  to  provide  maximum sealing of  porosity  and  prevent
absorption  of plating acids.   Rinsing may follow both  oil  and
resin  impregnation.   Deburring  may  be sand blasting  or  shot
peening,  both of which are dry,  or tumbling with grit suspended
in water.   Because of their porosity,  parts made from iron  and
steel  powders may oxidize excessively.   To prevent this,  steam
treatment to produce a protective oxide layer and treatment  with
rust inhibitors are commonly used.   Air pollution from the steam
treatment operation is sometimes controlled by wet scrubbers.

As  described above,  process wastewater is generated in the pro-
duction of powder metallurgy parts after the pressing and sinter-
ing steps.  In addition to tumbling and steam treating, the parts
may  be cleaned or degreased (alkaline,  detergent,  or  solvent)
prior  to  packing and shipping.   These cleaning operations  are
identical to those performed on other metal products and will  be
described in detail later in this section.

Operations Associated With Nonferrous Metals Forming
                               342

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 Casting.    Casting consists of filling a shaped container or mold
 with  molten metal so that  upon solidification,  the shape of the
 mold  is  reproduced.    Only casting which is  an integral part  of
 and performed at  the  same plant site as nonferrous  metals forming
 is  included in the category,  that  is,  shot-casting  and  casting of
 billets,   ingots,   bars,  and strip which are subsequently formed
 on-site.    Casting performed as part  of a smelting  or  refining
 operation  is  included  in the nonferrous metals   manufacturing
 point   source category,   40 CFR Part 421.   Casting of   parts  is
 included   in the metal  molding and casting point  source category,
 40  CFR Part 464.

 The choice of ,casting method  depends on the metal or alloy  being
 cast and  the ultimate use of  the cast  form.    The casting methods
 used  in   nonferrous  metals   forming  can be   divided  into  four
 classes:

        Stationary casting;
        Direct  chill  casting,  including arc casting;
     - Continuous or semi-continuous  casting;
        Shot casting.

 The method of casting most  widely  practiced at  nonferrous  metals
 forming   plants  is   stationary or  pig  casting  which allows   for
 recycle   of  in-house  scrap.    In this process,  molten   metal   is
 poured into  cast iron molds and allowed to  air  cool.    Lubricants
 are not usually required.   Although water may be  sprayed onto  the
 molten metal to increase the  cooling  rate,   this generally  does
 not result  in any  discharge.

 Direct  chill casting is  characterized  by continuous  solidifica-
 tion  of   the metal while it  is  being poured.   The  length  of   an
 ingot  cast   using  this method  is   determined  by   the   vertical
 distance  it  is allowed to drop  rather than  by mold dimensions.

As   shown   in Figures 111-17 and 111-18,  molten metal  is   tapped
 from the melting furnace and flows  through a distributor  channel
 into a shallow mold.   Noncontact cooling water circulates  within
 this mold,   causing- solidification  of the metal.  The base  of  the
mold   is  attached  to a hydraulic  cylinder  which   is   gradually
 lowered as pouring continues.  As the solidified metal  leaves  the
mold,  it  is  sprayed with contact cooling water  to reduce  the tem-
perature of  the forming ingot.  The cylinder continues  to descend
 into a tank of water,   causing further cooling of the ingot as  it
 is  immersed.   When the cylinder has reached its lowest position,
pouring  stops  and  the  ingot is  lifted  from  the  pit.   The
hydraulic  cylinder  is  then raised and positioned  for  another
casting cycle.

 In  direct chill casting,  lubrication of the mold is required  to
ensure  proper  ingot   quality.   Lard or castor oil  is  usually
applied  before  casting begins and may be reapplied  during  the
drop.   Much  of  the  lubricant volatilizes on contact  with  the
molten metal, but contamination of the contact cooling water with
oil and oil residues does occur.
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Arc casting is a form of direct chill casting used for refractory
metals (tungsten,  molybdenum, tantalum, columbium, vanadium, and
rhenium), because the melting points of these metals are too high-
for them to be easily cast by conventional techniques.   The bars
serve  as consumable electrodes in an arc-melting  process.   The
end  product  of refining these metals is a powder which  can  be
compacted  and sintered into solid bars.   Under  vacuum,  in  an
appropriate furnace consisting of a water-cooled copper crucible,
the preformed bars form an electrode for striking a high current,
low voltage arc between the bar and a starting pad of metal.   As
the  bar is progressively melted,  molten metal falls through the
arc  and forms an ingot which gradually freezes into solid  form.
The  ingot  may  be  remelted  to  improve  purity  or   directly
fabricated to product form.

Many  nonferrous  metals  forming plants use  continuous  casting
instead  of,  or in addition to,  direct chill  casting  methods.
Unlike  direct chill casting,  no restrictions are placed on  the
length of the casting,  and it is not necessary to interrupt pro-
duction  to  remove  the cast product.   The  use  of  continuous
casting  eliminates  or reduces the degree of subsequent  rolling
required.

A  relatively new technology,  continuous casting of metal  first
came into practice in the late 1950's.   Since then,  improvements
and modifications have  resulted in the  increased use of  this pro-
cess.   Current applications  in this category include the casting
of  sheet  and strip.   Because continuous  casting  affects  the
mechanical  properties  of the metal cast,  the use of  continuous
casting  is limited by  the metals and alloys used,  the  nature of
subsequent forming operations,  and the desired properties  of the
finished product.   In  applications where continuous  casting  can
be used, the  following  advantages have  been cited:

     -   Increased flexibility  in  the dimensions of the cast
        product;

     -   Low capital costs, as  little as  10 to 15 percent of the
         cost  of  conventional  direct chill casting  and hot rolling
        methods; and

         Low energy  requirements,  reducing the amount  of  energy
         required to produce  comparable  products by direct chill
         casting  and  rolling  methods by  35 to  80 percent, depend-
         ing on  the  product being  cast.                       :

 In  addition,   the  use  of continuous  casting  techniques  has been
 found   to   significantly  reduce  or  eliminate  the  use   of  contact
 cooling water and oil  lubricants.

 Two   continuous  casting processes are  commonly  used  in the indus-
 try.    Methods   in use  at a  particular  plant  will  vary  somewhat,
 but   they   are  similar  in principle to the   processes  diagrammed
 schematically  in Figures 111-19  and  111-20.    Continuous  sheet
                                344

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casting,  shown  in Figure 111-19,  substitutes a single  casting
process  for  the conventional direct  chill  casting,  scalping,
heating,  and hot rolling sequence.  The typical continuous sheet
casting line consists of melting and holding furnaces,  a caster,
pinch roll,  shear,  bridle, and coiler.  Molten metal flows from
the  holding furnace to the caster headbox.   The level of molten
metal maintained in the headbox causes the metal to flow  upwards
through  the top assembly,  which distributes it uniformly across
the  width  of the casting rolls.   The metal  solidifies  as  it
leaves  the tip and is further cooled and solidified as it passes
through the internally water-cooled rolls..   It leaves the caster
as a formed sheet and successively passes through pinch rolls,  a
shear,  and a'tension bridle before being wound into a coil.  The
cooling  water  associated with this method of  continuous  sheet
casting never comes into contact with the metal.

Continuous  strip casting is pictured in Figure  III-20._  Molten
metal   flows from a casting pot through an open-ended  die.   The
die  is  water cooled and has the  same cross-section as the  cast
strip.   As the metal leaves the die, it descends vertically past
water sprays,  guided by rolls.  The strip can be coiled as it is
cast,   or  small  sections can be  cut from the end as  the  strip
continues  to grow.

Metal shot is commonly produced by casting of a number of metals,
including  lead and precious metals.   In the shot casting process
pictured in Figure 111-21,  metal  ingots are melted  in a furnace,
the  furnace  is tapped,  and the  molten metal  is poured  down   a
trough  or into a heated mold.   At  the bottom  of the  trough  or
mold  is a shot mold plate,  typically made of  steel  or a ceramic
material,  which has holes punched in it.   The size  of the   shot
pellets is determined by  the size  of the holes.

As   the molten metal flows  through the  holes in the  shot mold  it
forms   droplets.   The  droplets   become round  as   they  descend
through several  inches  of air,  then  fall into a tank  of water for
quick quenching.   This water may be stagnant or  circulating.  In
some   shot  casting  operations  a wetting  agent is added   to  the
quench  water,' altering  the  surface  tension and ensuring  the  for-
mation  of  spherical  shot  particles.  To prevent excessive  loss of
quench  water  through evaporation and to maintain  the water   temp-
erature  required  by  some  operations,  the quench water  may be
cooled  using noncontact  cooling water  in a  jacket  around  the
tank.

Cast  shot may be  processed through a  sizing operation to  remove
the irregular shaped particles.    Reject  shot  is  usually  remelted
and recast.

 In  this  document,   semi-continuous casting  is  used  to  denote_  a
particular casting process  reported in  the forming  of lead,   tin,
 and  bismuth.   Molten  metal  is poured  down  a trough  and  into
 vertical  billet  molds.    A tank of water  is raised  up around  the
molds  to cool the metal (noncontact cooling).    When the tank  is
 lowered the billet molds are inverted  and the  billets fall out  of
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 the  molds and onto an inclined track.    Lubricant may be  placed
 inside the mold between casting cycles  to facilitate the  release
 of  the  billets.    Lubricant may also  be placed on the track,  to
 allow the billets  to roll more easily.    As the billets move down
 the track they are quenched with a spray of water.  At the bottom
 of the track the billets move into a sawing operation.

 In_addition to its use to cast metal,   water is used in equipment
 which  controls air pollution from stationary casting  and  shot-
 sizing  operations.   Water is also used to wash billets  immedi-
 ately  after  casting.    In vapor form,   water is used to draw  a
 vacuum from some melting furnaces.    The condensed  steam,  which
 may   carry   any   material  volatilized   during   melting,    is
 recirculated with  a periodic blowdown.

 Of the surveyed plants,   81 have casting operations.    Wastewater
 is  discharged from lead,   nickel,   zinc,   precious  metals,   and
 refractory metals  casting operations.

 Heat Treatment.  Heat  treatment is  an integral part of nonferrous
 metals  forming practiced at nearly every  plant in the  category.
 It  is  frequently  used both in-process and as a final  step  in
 forming   to  give  the metal the  desired  mechanical   properties.
 There are four general  types of heat  treatment:

      -  Homogenizing,  to increase the workability and help con-
         trol  recrystallization and  grain growth following
         casting;

      -  Annealing,  to soften work-hardened and heat-treated
         metals,  relieve  stress,  and stabilize  properties and
         dimensions;

      -  Solution^heat treatment,  to improve  mechanical  properties
         by  maximizing the  concentration  of  hardening  contaminants
         in  solid solution;  and

         Artificial  aging,  to  provide hardening  by  precipitation
         of  constituents  from  solid  solution.

Homogenizing,  annealing, and  aging  are dry processes, while solu-
tion   heat  treatment typically  involves  significant quantities of
contact  cooling water.

During   casting,   large  crystals  of intermetallic  compounds  are
distributed  heterogeneously   throughout   the   ingot.   Homogeni-
zation   of  the cast ingot provides  a more uniform  distribution of
the soluble constituents within  the metal.   By  reducing the bri.t-
tleness  caused by casting,  homogenization prepares the ingot for
subsequent  forming operations.    The need for homogenization  and
the time and temperatures required  are dependent on the metal and
alloy  involved,  the ingot  size,  the method of casting used, and
the nature of the subsequent  forming operations.   Typically, the '
ingot  is  heated to an appropriate temperature and held at  that
temperature for four to  48 hours.  The ingots are then allowed to
                               346

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 air cool.
 Annealing   is  used by plants  in  the  nonferrous  metals   forming
 category  to  remove the effects  of strain hardening or  solution
 heat treatment.   In the annealing operation, the metal is  raised
 to its recrystallization temperature.  Nonheat-treatable,  strain-
 hardened  metals  need  only be held in  the  furnace  until  the
 annealing   temperature is reached;  heat-treatable metals  usually
 require  a  detention time of two  to three hours.   In  continuous
 furnaces  such as that pictured in Figure 111-22,  the  metal  is
 raised  to  higher temperatures and detained in the furnace  for 30
 to 60 seconds.   Once removed from the annealing furnace,   it  is
 essential   that  the heat-treatable metals be cooled at  a  slow,
 controlled  rate.   After annealing,  the metal is in a  ductile
 more  workable  condition suitable for subsequent forming  opera-
 tions.    Some metals are annealed in a protective  (nonoxidizinq)
 atmosphere  to prevent discoloration of the bright surface    This
 process is called bright annealing and is commonly used to anneal
 silver _  and  its _ alloys.    Typical  protective  atmospheres  are
 dissociated ammonia, hydrogen,  and nitrogen.

 Solution heat treatment,   also  referred to as solution annealing,
 is  accomplished  by raising the temperature  of a  heat-treatabl4
 metal  to  the eutectic  temperature,   where it is  held  for  the
 required length of  time,   then  quenching it rapidly.   As a  result
 of this  process,   the metallic  constituents in the metal are held
 in  a  super-saturated solid solution,   improving the   mechanical
 ™r2?erKleSv,°Lth! m5;tal-    The  required  length of time  the   metal
 must  be   held, at the eutectic  temperature  varies from  one  to  48
 hours.    Certain  nonferrous metal  alloys  can be  solution  heat
 treated   immediately following  extrusion and   forging.    in  this
 procedure,   known as press  heat treatment,  the metal is  extruded
 or  forged at  the required  temperatures  and quenched with contact
 cooling water  as  it  emerges  from the die  or press.

 The quenching  techniques used in solution heat treatment are fre-
 quently critical  in  achieving the  desired mechanical  properties
 The   sensitivity  of metals  and  alloys to quenching  varies,  but
 delays  in   transferring  the product from  the   furnace  to the
 quench,  a   quenching rate  that  is incorrect or not uniform,  and
 the   characteristics  of the quenching medium  used can  all  have
 serious  detrimental  effects.     with  few  exceptions,  contact
 S?ii 9. Wa£?r 'i8 USSd J? qu
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tion  heat treatment to develop the maximum hardness and ultimate
tensile and yield strength in the metal.  For certain metals, the
mechanical  properties  are maximized  by  sequentially  applying
SlutiSS heat treatment, cold working, and artificial aging.

Chemical  Surface Treatments.   Surface treatment operations per-
lifiid—as-alTTHtegral part of forming processes are  within  the
scope  of the nonferrous metals forming category.   For the  pur
posll of this regulation,  surface treatment of nonferrous metals
is considered to be an integral part of nonferrous metals forming
whenever  it  is  performed  at  the same  plant  site  at  which
nonferrous metals are formed.

A  number  of chemical treatments may be  applied  to  nonferrous
metals after they are formed.   The objective of these treatments
is  to  in  som! way alter the surface  of the  metal,  either  by
Jlmoving some of it or changing its characteristics    "astewater
discharges  from these operations are generated when these   solu
tions  must  be  replaced with fresh  chemicals  and   in  rinsing
operations used to  remove residual  solution  from the formed metal
after  treatment.   The  contaminants in  the spent   solution and
rinse  water  are   a  function of  the  chemicals used.to make the
solutions  and the  metal treated.   Most  of  the  contaminants are
acids, bases, and metal  salts.

The most  frequently used chemical surface treatments are  designed
to remove   the  surface layer  of  oxidized metal   created  during
forming  of  nonferrous metals at  elevated temperatures.   The most
com^on9method of  removing  this  layer.is to.dissolve  it in acid  in
an operation known as pickling,   brightening,   etching,  or acid
surface  treatment.    In addition to removing the oxide layer from
a me?al  surface,   this treatment will remove burned-on lubricants
and  any  other   substances not entirely removed  by  solvent •  or
 alkaline cleaning.                                            ,

 Picklinq operations can be batch operations in which formed parts
 are moved from tank to tank to be dipped in acid baths, overflow-
 ing rinse tanks and spray chambers.  The rinses are usually plain
 water, but occasionally ammonia solutions are used.  A diagram of
 a  bulk product pickling tank is presented  in Figure  I";".   A
 continuous  surface  treatment line,  consisting of a  series  of
 ?Snks"?  can  be  used  to provide strip metal with  a  series  of
 treatments.   A  diagram of a typical continuous  strip  pickling
 line is presented  in Figure 111-24.

 Sulfuric,  hydrochloric, ammonium bifluoride, hydrofluoric, phos-
 Dhoric,  nitric,   and chromic acids or acid mixtures  are commonly
 Ssed as pickling solutions.  The pickling process may be chemical
  (formed metal is immersed in a tank of pickling solution and held
 until  sSale is removed) or electrochemical (electric current  is
 forced  through  the  pickling   bath to  speed  up  the  pickling
 process)!  Acid concentration, bath  temperature, and  process time
 depSnd  on the type  of metal or  alloy  being treated,  the   compo-
  nents  of  the pickling solution,  and the  amount of  scale, to  be
  removed.
                                 348

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Acid  consumed  during pickling operations must  be  periodically
replenished.   Dissolved  metal  salts in the  pickling  solution
gradually reduce pickling efficiency.  Spent pickle liquor may be
concentrated by high temperature precipitation of metal salts and
recycled to minimize acidic waste discharge.

Brightening  solutions for nonferrous metals and  alloys  usually
contain  mixtures of two or more  acids:   sulfuric,  phosphoric,
nitric, chromic, or hydrochloric.  Acid ratios and concentrations
vary widely.   Dipping times range from 5 seconds to greater than
5  minutes.   Other chemicals such as metal salts,  glycerol,  or
ethylene glycol also may be added to brightening solutions.

The  layer of oxide scale formed from hot working  operations  on
nickel,  cobalt,  titanium,  zirconium,  and  certain  refractory
metals  is  very difficult to remove with acid surface  treatment
alone.   Consequently,  molten salt baths may be used to  descale
the metal prior to acid surface treatment.  Molten salt baths are
oxidizing   baths  composed  of  sodium  hydroxide  or  potassium
hydroxide and sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate.   The  nitrate
is  the oxidizing agent in the bath.   Sodium chloride and potas-
sium chloride are added to depress the melting part of the  bath,
increase fluidity, and inhibit attack on the metal itself. Sodium
carbonate   or   potassium  carbonate  may  be  added  in   small
proportions  to adjust the melting point of the mixture,  and  to
inhibit deleterious reactions.   Molten salt baths are maintained
at 480 to 540C.   The formed metal parts are dipped in the  baths
for  15  minutes or more and then rinsed and quenched in a  water
bath.   The  molten  salt bath performs its descale  function  by
three mechanisms:

     (1)  Molten oxides present on the metal surface are con-
          verted to a higher oxidation state which is more
          soluble in the acid surface treatment operations
          which follow the molten salt operation;

     (2)  The abrupt transfer of the metal from the hot bath
          to the cold rinse causes a thermal-shocking effect
          which helps loosen the scale; and ;

     (3)  Physical penetration of the molten salt on the sur-
          face of the metal helps to loosen the scale.

Physical penetration may be enhanced by agitating the molten salt
baths.

Anodizing and chemical conversion coating are used to change  the
characteristics  of the surface of formed metal by chemically  or
electrochemically  depositing an inorganic coating to the  metal.
These  coatings  are  applied  for corrosion  protection  and  in
preparation for painting.

Anodizing is an electrochemical oxidation process which forms  an
insoluble  oxide of the metal on the formed metal  surface.   The
                               349

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oxide coating,  which is extremely thin and nonporous, is used to
provide  corrosion resistance,  decorative surfaces,  a base  for
applying  other  coatings,  and special electrical or  mechanical
properties.   Anodizing is applied by immersing the metal form in
an acid solution (containing fluoride,  phosphate,  chromate,  or
sodium  ions)  and  passing a direct  or  alternating  electrical
current  through  the metal form.   After  anodizing,  parts  are
rinsed in cold then hot water to facilitate drying.

Chemical conversion coatings are applied to  previously-deposited
metal  or base metal for increased protection,  lubricity,  or in
preparation  for another special coating or to achieve a  special
surface  appearance.   Typical operations include  chromating  to
form a protective film,  and phosphating which is used to provide
a  good base for paints and other organic coatings,  to lubricate
the metal surface before cold forming or drawing,  and to  impart
corrosion resistance.   When chromating, the formed metal surface
is  coated  by  immersion or wetting with a  solution  containing
hexavalent  chromium and active organic and inorganic  compounds.
When phosphating,  the metal surface is wetted, usually by immer-
sion,  with  a  phosphate solution which reacts  with  the  metal
surface.                            ;
                                    \                  '          •
Electrocoating  is depositing metal 'in an adherent form upon  the
surface of a formed piece of metal which acts as a cathode.   The
coating may be applied as the finished surface.   It may also act
as  a  soft,  lubricating coating for hard metal alloys prior  to
cold working (tube reducing or extruding).   Lubricating coatings
(often  copper)  are  dissolved away in acid  after  the  forming
operation has been performed.

Electrocoating operations usually include precleaning;with deter-
gents  followed by rinsing.   The cleaned metal is  electrocoated
and then rinsed in one or more stages.

Surface  treatments  and  their  associated  rinses  are  usually
combined  in a single line of successive tanks.   In some  cases,
rinsewater from one treatment is reused in the rinse of  another.
Surface  treatment  rinses are the major source of wastewater  in
the nonferrous metals forming category.   Of the surveyed plants,
154  have  surface  treatment  operations,   many  plants  having
several.  Wastewater is discharged from operations used to  treat
nickel,  cobalt,  zinc,  precious  metals,  titanium,1 refractory
metals,  zirconium,  hafnium, magnesium, and uranium.  Wastewater
is  also generated by the equipment used to control air pollution
from surface treatment of nickel,  titanium,  refractory  metals,
and uranium.                                                     /

Alkaline  Cleaning.   Alkaline  cleaning involves the removal  of
oil,  grease, and dirt from the surface of a formed metal produ'ct
using water with a detergent or other dispersing  agent.   Ultra-
sonic  vibration  is sometimes used in conjunction with  chemical
cleaners to clean wire and other .fine parts.               /

Alkaline cleaners are formulations of alkaline salts,  water, and
                               350

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 surfactants.   Salts used include sodium hydroxide, sodium ortho-
 silicate,  trisodium phosphate, sodium metaborate, sodium carbon-
 ate, and sodium polyphosphates.  Frequently, two or more of these
 salts are blended to form the cleaning solution.

 Uninhibited alkaline cleaners will attack many nonferrous metals.
 Therefore,  inhibiting compounds which coat the metal with a thin
  ii"1^ 1:° pfevent etching,  pitting,  or tarnishing are  typically
 added to the cleaning solution.                             *-*±i-y

 Alkaline solutions are commonly used to clean formed metal  parts
 prior  to chemical treatment or as a final step before  packaging
 the  product.    The type of solution used depends on the metal to
 be cleaned and the contaminant to be removed.   Alkaline cleaning
 may be preceded by solvent cleaning via vapor degreasing or  cold
 cleaning.    Following this step,  formed metal parts are immersed
 in  or  sprayed with the alkaline  cleaning  solution.   Solution
 concentration,  temperature,  and  immersion time vary with metal


 Following  alkaline treating,  metal parts are rinsed with  water
 Rinsewater  is  often warm,   to decrease drying time  and  reduce
 water  spotting.    Spent solutions  and rinses are discharged  from
 alkaline  cleaning processes.    Streams are  frequently  combined
 with  acid  waste   streams  to  adjust  wastewater   pH  prior   to
 discharge.   In addition to  cleaning nonferrous metals after  they
 are, f°rmed'   alkaline   cleaning  is used to prepare  metals   for
 cladding.    The process  may   be hand cleaning or   use  a  power
 scrubline, as  described  in the cladding discussion  above.

 Alkaline cleaning  is  associated  with lead,  nickel,  zinc,  precious
 oerati    tltanium'   refractory  metals,  and   zirconium forming


 Degreasing.  Solvent  cleaners  are used  to remove  lubricants  (oils
 and   greases)  applied to  the surface  of  nonferrous  metals  during
 mechanical  forming operations.   Basic  solvent cleaning  methods
 include  straight  vapor  degreasing,   immersion-vapor   degreasinq,
 spray-vapor degreasing,   ultrasonic  vapor degreasing,   emulsified
 solvent  degreasing, and  cold cleaning.

 Solvents most  commonly used  for all  types of vapor  degreasing are
 trichloroethylene,   1,1,1-trichloroethane,  methylene  chloride,
percnloroethylene,   and  various  chlorofluorocarbons.   Solvent
 selection  depends on the required process  temperature   (solvent
boiling  point),  product dimension,  and metal  characteristics
Contaminated _vapor degreasing solvents are frequently  recovered
by  distillation.   The sludge residue generated is toxic and may
be  flammable,    requiring  appropriate  handling  and   disposal
procedures.                                                ofwocu.

Straight vapor  degreasing uses hot vapors of chlorinated solvents
to .remove oils,  greases,  and waxes.   A vapor degreasing  unit
typically  consists of an open steel tank as shown in Figure III-
25.   Solvent;  at  the bottom of the tank is heated  to  boiling
                               351

-------


vapor  bath where solvent vapors condense onto the metal
Oils  and  greases are dissolved from the metal  surface  by  the
solvent.

immersion-vapor  degreasing  is used to clean metal parts  coated
wi?hla?ge quantities of oil,  grease,  or hard-to-remove  soil.
Solvents  used  are  the same as those  used  in  straight  vapor
degrlas ing    Metal  parts are first immersed in boiling solvent
then  in  a  clean cool solvent rinse,  and  finally  in  solvent
vapors.   immersion  in cool solvent rinses residual matter  left
f?om the first cleaning and lowers the metal temperature so  that
vaSSr   rinsing  will be effective.   Clean solvent for  the  cool
rfnse is supplied by condensation of pure vapors in the condenser
Section ofthe degreaser.  From the condenser, solvent flows into
the  cool  rinse chamber and overflows into the sump where  it   is
again vaporized.

When mild scrubbing action is  required to remove grease or  dirt,
spraV-vapor  degreasing  is used.    In this process,  clean solvent
S pumpld from  the degreaser  condenser  to a  spray lance.   Parts
are  impingement-sprayed  with clean solvent  to loosen  soil   and
?nsolu£?e material?  Ipray lances  may  be fixed so  that P-ts^ove
in front of  them for  impingement,   or  may be  hand-held  so thai  an
operator may direct the spray.  Parts  enter  the degreaser 's vapor
phlsJ,  paS  through  the  spray bank,  and  finally go   through  a
final  vapor  rinse.

Ultrasonic    vapor  degreasing  is  similar   to    immersion-vapor
de«Ssing,   with  ultrasonic  transducers  built  into   the   clean
 solvJn?  ?inse  tank.    Metal  parts  .are  initially   cleaned  by
 immersion  in boiling solvent,  then immersed in  cool  solvent for
 u™ra-so£ic scrubbing  followed by a vapor  or spray-vapor  rinse.

 Durinq  ultrasonic  scrubbing,  high frequency  sound  waves  are
 transmitted  through  the solvent to the  part,   producing   rapid
 aaitltion   and   cavitation  (formation/implosion   of   solvent
 SSbblei?    The  scrubbing  action caused by  solvent  cavitation
 efficiently  removes particulate and insoluble materials from the
 metal  surface.                •                      :

 The  ultrasonic frequency used depends on the type of part  being
 cleaned   the degree of soil contamination, and the solvent used.
 The most common?? used frequency range  is 20,000 to 50,000 cycles
 per second.
Emulsified  solvent degreasing is primarily use*^ remove
water- and  oil-soluble  soils  from  complex  mechanical  parts.
SSIrofluorocarbons  are  typically employed as _ solvents in  this
process.   Reclamation  of emulsified solvents is  generally
economical.
                                                                not
                                 352

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  Water _  contaminated   with   salts   and   other   water-soluble
  contaminants is periodically removed from the system and replaced
  with clean water to renew the system's cleaning strength.

  Cold  solvent;  cleaning  involves   hand  wiping,    spraying,   and
  immersion of metal  parts  in solvents to remove oil,   grease   and
  other contaminants  from  the  metal  surface.     Petroleum   2nd
  chlorinated  hydrocarbons  are  typically used in  cold  cleaning
  operations.    Contaminated solvents are reclaimed by distillation
  or are disposed of  via  contractor.                     ^xixation

  Following  decreasing,  metal  parts  may be   rinsed to   remove
  adhering  solvent.   This practice was reported  by  two plants

  Mechanical  Surface  Treatments.  Mechanical surface treatments  are
  SrSlfl llke_chemical  surface treatments,   to alter the surface of
  formed  nonferrous  metals.    Machining,   grinding,  polishina
  tumbling   (barrel finishing),  and  burnishing  are  Commonly  used
  mechanical surface  treatments.                     <-uauuon±y  used
 Machining
 of chips,
 workpiece.
 drilling,
 broaching,
 reaming,
 chamfering
is the general process of removing stock,  in the form
from a workpiece by forcing a cutting tool through the
   Machining  operations  such  as  turning,  milling,
bar peeling,  boring,  trepanning,  tapping,  planing,
 sawing  and  cutoff,  slitting,  shaving,  th?eadiSg
shaping,  shearing,  slotting,  hobbing,  filing,  and
are included in this definition.
        9 *? fc?e Pr°9ess of removing stock from a workpiece by the
        •!! K?°i consistin9 of abrasive grains held by a  rigid  or
        hf    f r'-  ShS t001 1S usually in the form of a dilk (the
 cvlinde? P r?n«grinding wjee,ls>'  but maY also be in the form of I
 Sled fbrasiviS^r °U?' . stlck' sfcriP' °r belt.   The most commonly
 used abrasives are aluminum oxide,   silicon carbide, and diamond
                 included ^ fcSis  unit operation are' sanding  (or
               remove  rough edges or  excess material),  surface
                  aradioperation  used  to  remove  or  smooth   out
oronn           u   are flexible and will conform to irregular
or  rounded areas where necessary.   Rotary brushes may  also  be
used for the polishing operation.  The operation uLafly
Burnishing  is the process of finish sizing or smooth

    PieVi°US   ^^ o
tanemoa
tnan   removal,   of  minute  surface  irregularities.    it   is
accomplished  with frictional contact betweln the  workpiece  and
                               353

-------
some hard material,  such as hardened metal balls.   Water  may  also
be used to cool or rinse parts during or after  mechanical surface
treatment?   The contact cooling water and rinsewater are sources

of wastewater.

Machininq,   grinding,   polishing,   and  burnishing  operations
com^onl?  use a reci?culated oil-water emulsion or soap  solution
to  cool  and lubricate the contact between metal  ^finishing
tool.   Spent  or  rancid lubricant is  discharged  periodically.
wlter  ma?  also be used to cool or rinse parts during  or  after
mechanical  surface  treatment.   The contact cooling  water   and
rinsewater are sources of wastewater.
 surface   eitioning.   Parts  to be finished are  placed  in  a
 rotatinq  barrel or vibrating unit with ceramic or metal slugs or
 abrasive media?  water or oil, and usually some chemical compound
 to  milt in  the operation.   As  the barrel  rotates  slowly,  the
 SpSr  laye?   of the  work is given a sliding movement toward  the
 lowSr  sidS   of  the barrel,  causing the  abrading  or  polisning
 action to occur.   The same results may also be accomplished  in a
 vibrating Snit,  in which the entire contents of the containerize

 In   constant   motion.  When  the parts   have  *?*« /""^"and
 debarred  they  are   drained  in  a basket or  shaker   table  and
 transferred   to  an oven for drying.   The tumbling  solution is
 usually used  once  and then  discarded.
           s2-g.is.r2i3.-

                                                ^ s s    f  c
 a  suitable  length.    Following  processes  such  as   rolling,
 extrusion,  aiS  drawing,  the metal products may be sawed.    The
 circular  saws  and band saws used generally  require  a  cutting
 lubricant  in  order to minimize friction and act as  a  coolant.
 Oil-iS-water  emulsions or. mineral-based oils are usually applied
 to  the sides of the blade as a spray.   In some cases,  a  heavy
 «ease or wax may be used as a saw lubricant.  Normally, saw oils
 III  not  discharged  as a  wastewater  stream.   The  lubricants
 freauently  are clrried over on the product or  removed  together
 w"h  She saw chips for reprocessing.   In some _ cases,  however,
 recycle  and  discharge of a low-volume saw lubricant  stream  is
 orlcticed.   Contact cooling water may also be used in the sawing
 process    Following  sawing,  parts may be .rinsed to  remove grit
 and lubricant from  the metal.

 Product Testing.    Various product  testing operations  are used to
 check  noflirT§us metals pa?ts for  surface defects or  subsurface
 ?mperfect?ons   Parts are submerged in a water bath and  subjected
  tS ultrasonic signals, or in the  case of tubing, pressurized with
                                 354

-------
 air.    Piping   and   tubing   may also be  filled  with  water  and
 pressurized  to test their  integrity.    Dye penetrant testing  is
 another  product testing  operation.    Product  testing  operations
 are   sources of wastewater  because  the spent water  bath  or   test
 media must  be  periodically  discarded due to the transfer  into the
 testing  media  of   oil and grease,   solids,   and  suspended  and
 dissolved metals from each  product  tested.   In addition,  a  rinse
 may be needed  following operations  such as  dye penetrant   testing
 to remove chemicals  from  the part.

 Other  Operations   Generating   Wastewater.     Other    operations
 associated  with nonferrous forming  which generate  wastewater
 include:

          Steam cleaning,
          Equipment  cleaning,
          Area cleaning,
      -    Drum wash,
          Laboratories,
          Laundries,  and
      -    Miscellaneous operations.

 Steam  is sometimes  used for cleaning purposes  such   as  removing
 lubricant from the inside of tubes.   The discharge of condensate
 from  steam cleaning  operations was  reported by  two plants in  the
 nickel-cobalt   forming  subcategory.   Wastewater  from  cleaning
 various equipment such as forging presses,  ring  rollers,   spray
 driers,  and   saws was reported by a few refractory metal forming
 plants.    Area  cleaning,  drum  wash,  laboratory   and  laundry
 wastewater  streams  were  reported by  uranium  forming  plants.
 Except  for laboratory wastes,   these uranium forming  operations
 originate  from  cleaning  operations  used to  comply  with  the
Nuclear  Regulatory Commission  (NRC) and occupational safety  and
health  regulations.
                               355

-------
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     /L TWO -HIGH REVERSING  MILL
B. THREE-HIGH  CONTINUOUS  ROLLING MILL
              Figure III-3



   COMMON ROLLING MILL CONFIGURATIONS
                  362

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PISTON
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         DIRECT EXTRUSION
               367

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 PISTON  ROD
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   ANVIL
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         B. OPEN DIE FORGING
Figure  III-11
  FORGING
    370

-------
EDGING
 ROLLS
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                     Figure III-12

                     RING ROLLING
                        '- :371

-------
Figure ITT-13
  IMPACTING
     372

-------
           INLAY EDGE STRIPE
     ////f/////////
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             4-PLY CLAD
      Figure  III-14



SOME CLAD  CONFIGURATIONS
           373

-------
                      ATOMIZING AGENT
                      GAS OR LIQUID
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     Figure  111-15
      ATOMIZATION
          374

-------
  A.
Pressing In Single-End Die
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          Figure III-16
FOWDER METALLURGY DIE COMPACTION
               375

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                   Coreless Sndueiion Furnace

                                                To Pollution Control
                                                    Equipment
                                    ±>"~-, Water Cooled Molds
                                         Mold Table
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                    Figure III-18

         DIRECT  CHILL  (B.C.)  CASTING UNIT
                          377

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MELTING POT
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         Figure 111-20
   CONTINUOUS  STRIP .CASTING
               379

-------
MELTING POT
                           MOLTEN METAL
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         DRAIN
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                   Figure 111-21
                   SHOT CASTING
                        380

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                                                 Ventilation
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                          BULK PICKLING  TANK
                                    382

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    CONDENSATE

       TROUGH
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                       Figure III-25

                      VAPOR DECREASING
                             384

-------
                           SECTION IV
                   INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
In  developing  regulations  for the  nonferrous  metals  forming
category,   the  Agency  considered  whether  different  effluent
limitations  and standards are appropriate for different segments
of  the  category.   The regulations are  technology  based.   If
uniform regulations are to be applied to the entire category, the
technology  upon  which  they are based  must  be  available  and
appropriate for every segment of the category.   If not, subcate-
gorization is required.  Subcategorization is also appropriate if
different  pollutants  are regulated in various segments  of  the
category.


EPA  considers  several  factors  to  determine  the  appropriate
Subcategorization  of a category.   These include plant  location
and  nonwater  quality environmental  impacts,  including  energy
costs  and  solid  waste generation.   These factors  affect  the
availability of wastewater treatment technology.   Other Subcate-
gorization  factors which must be considered are  raw  materials,
manufacturing  processes,  products manufactured,  plant size and
age,  and process water use.    These factors may influence  water
use  and wastewater characteristics and thus determine the appro-
priateness of in-process controls,   end-of-pipe wastewater treat-
ment technologies and the presence  of pollutants to be regulated.


EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF SUBCATEGORIZATION FACTORS
Factors Considered
The  analysis of potential Subcategorization factors was  carried
out  in the context of developing the nonferrous  metals  forming
category.    The manufacturing activities included in the category
are:
     2,

     3,


     4.
Forming of nonferrous metals other than copper and
aluminum by rolling, drawing, extruding, and forging
operations;

Production of ferrous and nonferrous metal powders;

Production of ingots and metal parts from ferrous and
nonferrous metal powders; and

Production   of  clad  metals  and  bimetallics   from
nonferrous  metals other than copper and aluminum.
                               385

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The following factors were considered as a basis for subcategori-
zation:

     1.  Metal formed and raw materials used;
     2.  Manufacturing processes;
     3.  Products manufactured;
     4.  Process water use;
     5.  Plant size;
     6.  Plant age;
     7.  Plant location;
     8.  Solid waste generation and disposal, air emissions, and
          energy usage; and
     9.  Individual waste streams generated by manufacturing
         activities.


In  addition to considering how the individual factors influenced
subcategorization,   the   interrelationship  between   different
factors  was  evaluated.   An  evaluation  of  these  factors  is
presented  below.


Metal  Formed and Raw Materials Used.   The raw materials used  in
thenonferrous  metals  forming category can  be  classified  as
follows:

     - Metal and metal alloys;
     - Lubricants  and additives to lubricants; and
     - Surface treatment, degreasing, and furnace fluxing
        chemicals.


The  pollutants  discharged from a particular  forming  operation
depend on  the metal formed and other  raw materials used in  that
operation.   For example,  nickel forming wastewater will contain
nickel and any lubricants or surface treatment  chemicals  used
in forming  and associated  process steps.  Therefore, while nickel
is probably  present   in  all   nickel  forming  wastewater,,   the
presence  of  other pollutants  varies from  plant  to  plant   and
operation to operation.


All  of the manufacturing  activities  in  this category,  with  _the
exception   of  metal   cladding,   can  easily be  divided    into
subcategories  according  to the  metal  formed.   The metal   formed
and  the metallurgical properties that are  required in the  final
product will  determine  the  other  raw materials used during   the
forming process  itself and associated  process steps.   The  metal
formed will also determine the manufacturing processes used,   the
products manufactured,  and the  amount and  type of process  water
use.
                                386

-------
 Because  the   type   of  metal  formed will have a major   impact  on
 wastewater  flow  and characteristics,   subcategorization of manu-
 facturing activities by the type  of metal formed is.appropriate.


 Pollutants  generated  by  the  production  of  clad  metals  and
 bimetallics  are  dependent on the metals processed,   just as  are
 discharges  from  other nonferrous metals   forming   processes.
 However,  because  cladding involves more than one  type of metal,
 the     categorization   of    this   forming    operation   in   a
 subcategorization scheme based  on the  type of metal  formed is not
 straightforward.  In general, the wastewater generated by forming
 a  clad  metal product will have  characteristics that  are dependent
 on the  metal that is on the surface.


 Manufacturing  Processes.   As  discussed above,  there are  four
 manufacturing  activities  included in   the  nonferrous   metals
 forming  category,   each of  which uses one  or  more  distinct
 manufacturing.   processes.    Subcategorization  on the  basis  of
 manufacturing  process  would  group all   rolling operations,   all
 drawing  operations,  all extrusion operations,  etc.,   together.
 The  Agency  does not believe this is an  appropriate   basis   for
 subcategorization   because it does not adequately distinguish the
 type of pollutants  likely to  be present  in waste streams from the
 resulting  subcategories.   For   instance,   lead is  likely to  be
 present  in  lead rolling wastewater but is  not  expected   to  be
 present_  in  nickel  rolling   wastewater.     Furthermore,    the
 properties of the  metal or alloy  may influence  the  type of waste
 stream  that is generated.
Products  Manufactured.   Another approach  is  subcategorization
based on the products manufactured, as listed below:
            Product
Plate        :
Sheet
Strip
Foil
Rod and bar

Tubing
Wire and cable
Other (L shapes,
Clad  metals
I-beams,  etc.)
Metal  powders

Miscellaneous shapes
       Associated
Manufacturing Process

Rolling
Rolling
Rolling
Rolling
Rolling, extrusion,
 & drawing
Extrusion or  drawing
Drawing or extrusion
Extrusion
Roll bonding, solder
application, explosion
 bonding, co-drawing
Water atomization, gas
 atomization, grinding, etc,
Forging, powder metallurgy
                               387

-------
The product manufactured would be an excellent basis for subcate-
gorization if waste characteristics and the process to produce _a
given  item were the same from plant to plant;  however,  this is
not true for many formed metal products.   For example,  rods can
be produced by two different production processes which  generate
similar wastewater (e.g.,  rolling and drawing),  but the mass of
pollutants  generated per unit of rod produced by rolling will be
different  than the amount generated by drawing the  rod._   Fur-
thermore,  as  discussed previously,  rods formed from  different
metals  but  produced  by  the same  process  may  use  different
lubricants,   therefore   generating   a  waste  with   different
characteristics.    Because  the  type  and  mass  of   pollutant
generated  per unit of product will be different depending on the
metal formed and type of forming operation employed,  the type of
products    manufactured   is   an   inappropriate   basis    f~-
subcategorizing the nonferrous metals forming category.
for
Process  Water  Use.   Major differences in water use (volume  of
work applied to a process per mass of product) between facilities
with  large and small production could be considered as a  factor
in the development of subcategories.


However,  as will be discussed in Section V, analysis of_the data
indicates that production normalized water use (i.e.,  liters per
kkg  of  metal  formed)  for a given unit  operation  is  usually
independent of production volume.   For example,  a large  direct
chill  casting operation will use about the same amount of  water
per  ton  of  ingot produced as an operation  casting  much  less
nonferrous metal by the same method.  Production normalized water
use  appears  to  be  relatively constant over a  wide  range_  of
production and therefore process water use is not an  appropriate
parameter for subcategorization.


Plant  Size.   The number of employees and amount of  metal  pro-
cessed can be used as relative measures of the size of nonferrous
metals forming plants.


Process  wastewaters  are largely independent of  the  number  of
plant  employees.   Variations  in staff occur for many  reasons,
including shift differences, clerical and administrative support,
maintenance workers,  efficiency of plant operations,  and market
fluctuations.   Due  to these and other factors,  the  number  of
employees  is  constantly  fluctuating,  making it  difficult  to
develop  a  correlation  between  the  number  of  employees  and
wastewater generation.
                                388

-------
Subcategorization  based  on  size  in  terms of production  of   non-
ferrous  metals  would group  plants by  the off-pounds  of extru-
sions,  sheets,  rods, etc.   However, this method of subcategori-
zation does not adequately distinguish  between waste streams  with
different   characteristics.


Therefore,  for the reasons discussed above, Subcategorization on
the basis of size  (number of  employees,  production, or volume of
wastewater generated) is not  appropriate.


Plant  Age.   Although some nonferrous  metals forming plants  date
from the late nineteenth and  early twentieth centuries, most  were
built in the past  35 years.   Since metal forming technologies are
developing and changing rapidly, most plants, even those  built 60
or  70  years ago,  have been modernized frequently in  order  to
remain  competitive.   Therefore,  determination of a  particular
plant's technological age is  very difficult.   Accordingly, plant
age is not an appropriate basis for Subcategorization.


Plant Location.   The geographical distribution of the nonferrous
metals  forming plants which  responded  to the dcp is presented in
Figure III-l.  The plants are not limited to any one geographical
location,  but they are generally located east of the Mississippi
River.  Although some cost savings may  be realized for facilities
located  in nonurban settings where land is available to  install
lagoons, equivalent control of wastewater pollutant discharge can
be achieved by urban plants with the use of physical and  chemical
treatment  systems that have smaller  land  requirements.   Since
most  plants are located in the eastern part of the United States
(an  area  where precipitation exceeds evaporation)  or  in  urban
areas, evaporation and land application of the wastewater are not
commonly used.    Thus,  location does not appear to be a  signifi-
cant factor on which to base Subcategorization.


Solid  Waste Generation and Disposal,   Air Emissions  and  Energy
Usage.   Certain  manufacturing  plants  may be  limited  in  the
wastewater  treatment  technology  available  to  them  by  their
patterns of solid waste generation and disposal,  air emissions or
energy usage.    However,  after a review of all available  informa-
tion,  the  Agency  was unable to identify any plant or   type  of
plant  which  has any unusual energy requirements or any  unusual
limitations based on available energy,  solid waste  disposal,  or
air emissions.


Individual ^Waste Streams Generated by_ Manufacturing  Activities.
Use  of  this  scheme  will yield  subcategories   of  homogeneous
character  and  treatability.    The principal  benefit  from  using
waste  streams  as a basis for Subcategorization  is  that an appro-
priate  effluent limitation or standard could be  established  for
each stream.    For  each regulated pollutant,  a specific pollutant
                               389

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mass  discharge  value could be calculated for each waste  stream
present at the facility.   These values would be summed to deter-
mine the total mass discharge allowed for that pollutant at  that
facility.


The  difficulties  with  this approach are the  large  number  of
subcategories - approximately 175 - that it would generate.   The
Agency  believes  that a guideline with this  many  subcategories
would  be  extremely difficult  to  administer.   However,  waste
stream by waste stream analysis of production,  flow,  and pollu-
tants  present  was used to calculate pollutant mass  limitations
for each subcategory.


Summary of Subcategorization


The  nonferrous metals forming category can be subcategorized  on
the basis of metal type formed.  Based on information reported by
334  surveyed  plants,  10 subcategories which have  plants  that
discharge  process  water  to surface waters  or  a  POTW  can  be
established.  These subcategories are:

     o  Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming,
     o  Magnesium Forming,
     o  Nickel-Cobalt Forming,
     o  Precious Metals Forming,
     o  Refractory Metals Forming,
     o  Titanium Forming,
     o  Uranium Forming,
     o   Zinc Forming,
     o   Zirconium-Hafnium Forming,  and
     o  Metal Powders.

The  metal  powders   subcategory  includes only   operations   which
involve   iron,  copper,  or  aluminum powders.   Forming  of   these
metals   are  included  in other point source  categories;   iron  and
steel,   aluminum  forming,   and  copper forming.   Nine  other  metals
are   formed,    however,  there   is   no   process  water   discharge
associated  with   the  forming   of   these   metals   they   are  not
discussed at any  length in  this document.


PRODUCTION  NORMALIZING  PARAMETER SELECTION


 In  order for  regulations  to be equitable  among  plants  with  high
 production  and plants with  low production,   effluent   limitations
 have been established on a  pollutant mass  basis,  (i.e.   mass  of
 pollutant   discharged   per  unit   of  production).    The(   mass
 limitations  must  be  normalized  by  an   appropriate   unit   of
 production called a production normalizing  parameter  (PNP).  That
 is,  pollutant discharge limitations are written as allowable mass
 of pollutant discharge per  PNP (mg/PNP).  Therefore,  for a PNP to
                                390

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be appropriate,  mg/PNP must be independent of both production and
wastewater volume, for a particular waste stream.  Mass of metal,
number  of pieces,-  surface area,  and mass of process  chemicals
used  were considered as possible PNP's.   An evaluation of these
alternatives follows.


Mass of_ Metal Processed.   The nonferrous metals forming category
typically  maintains  production records of the pounds-  of  metal
processed.   Availability  of  these production data and lack  of
data  for other  production parameters,  such as number of  pieces
produced,  makes this the most convenient parameter to use.   The
nonferrous metals forming dcp requested three production  values:
the capacity production rate for specific unit operation (in off-
Ibs/hr),  the  average production rate for 1981 (in  off-lbs/hr),
and the total 'off-pounds of final product formed in 1981.


Number of_ Pieces Processed.   The number of pieces processed by a
given  plant  would not account for the variations  in  size  and
shape  typical of formed products.   It would be unreasonable  to
expect the quenching of a large forging to use the same amount of
water  required for a smaller forged product and yield a constant
mass  of pollutant per piece.   Therefore,  the Agency  concluded
that the number  of pieces processed is not an appropriate PNP.


Surface Area of_ Metal Processed.   Surface area may be an  appro-
priate production normalizing parameter for formed metal which is
rinsed (i.e., the mass of pollutants generated may correlate with
surface  area).    However,  the  mass of pollutants generated  by
other metal forming operations,  such as cooling, is unrelated to
surface area.   Hence,  surface area might be an adequate PNP for
some processes but would be wholly inappropriate for others.   In
addition,  records of the surface area of metal processed are not
generally kept by industry.   In some cases,  such as forging  of
miscellaneous  shapes,  surface  area would be very difficult  to
determine.   In any case, surface area data would be difficult to
collect.   For these reasons,  the Agency concluded that  surface
area  is  an inappropriate PNP for the nonferrous metals  forming
category.


Mass  o_f  Process Chemicals Used.   The mass of  pollutants  dis-
charged" is  more  dependent on the  processes  which  the  metal
undergoes  than  on  the amount of process chemical used  in  the
process.   Some operations,  such as heat treatment with  contact
cooling  water,   generate  pollutants but do not use any  process
chemicals..  In addition, the use of this parameter as the produc-
tion normalizing parameter would tend to discourage  regeneration
and  reuse of process chemicals.   For these reasons,  the Agency
concluded that mass of process chemicals used is an inappropriate
PNP for the nonferrous metals forming category.
                               391

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Selection of Production Normalizing Parameter
For the reasons outlined above,  the Agency has selected mass  of
product  formed as the most appropriate PNP.   The mass of pollu-
tants  is related to the mass of metal processed and most  compa-
nies keep production records in terms of mass.


The  PNP for nonferrous metals forming is "off-kilograms" defined
as the kilograms of product removed from a machine at the end  of
a process cycle.   For example,  in the rolling process, an ingot
enters  the  mill to be processed.   Following one process  cycle
which may substantially reduce the ingot's thickness,  the  metal
is  removed  from  the  rolling mill where it-  may  be  processed
through another operation,  such as annealing,  sizing, cleaning,
or  it  may  simply be stored before being brought  back  to  the
rolling  mill  for another process cycle,  further  reducing  the
thickness.  The mass of metal removed from the rolling mill after
each process cycle multiplied by the number of process cycles  is
the PNP for that process.
DESCRIPTION OF SUBCATEGORIES
The  nonferrous  metals  forming  category was  divided  into  10
subcategories,  based  on type of metal formed.   Five  of  these
subcategories  cover forming operations for more than one  metal.
This  subcategorization allows separate limitations to be  estab-
lished  for  groups of metals whose wastewater  is  similar,  are
formed  by  similar processes,  and would be expected to  utilize
similar or identical wastewater treatment within the, subcategory.


The  metal  powders subcategory covers  only  iron,  copper,  and
aluminum powder production and production of  iron,  copper,  and
aluminum  parts  from  powder.   All  other  subcategories  cover
traditional  forming  operations  (rolling,  drawing,  extruding,
forging),  powder  metallurgy  processes (powder  production  and
compaction),  and ancillary operations integral to the production
of formed metal (heat treatment,  chemical and mechanical surface
treatment,   and   casting).    Clad  metals  are  subcategorized
according to the metal on the surface or outside of the product.


The  number of surveyed plants in each subcategory and the number
of  plants  in each subcategory  discharging  process  wastewater
(directly  to surface streams and to a POTW) are listed in  Table
IV-1.


Lead-Tin-Bismuth Forming.  Of the surveyed plants,  66 form lead.
Twenty  of  these  plants  discharge  process  wastewater,  three
directly to surface water and 17 to a POTW.  Some of the products
                               392

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made  from lead forming are:    bullets,  made by  extrusion  and
swaging  lead;  solder,  formed by extrusion and drawing of lead,
tin,  and  bismuth in various alloy combinations;  and  insulated
cable,  in  which lead is extruded over  copper  cable.
The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation
         Waste  Stream
                       Production  Normal-
                        ing  Parameter
Rolling
Drawing
Extrusion
 Swaging
           Spent  emulsions
                       Spent  soap solutions
           Spent  neat oils
           Spent   emulsions
                       Spent  soap solutions
           Press or solution
             heat treatment
             contact cooling
             water

           Press  hydraulic
           'fluid leakage

           Spent emulsions
                        Mass  of  lead-tin-
                         bismuth rolled
                         with emulsions
                        Mass  of  lead-tin-
                         bismuth rolled
                         with  soap  solu-
                         tions
                        Mass of  lead-tin-
                         bismuth drawn
                         with emulsions
                        Mass of  lead-tin-
                         bismuth drawn
                         with  soap  solu-
                         tions

                        Mass of  lead-tin-
                         bismuth heat
                         treated and  sub-
                         sequently cooled
                         with water
                        Mass of  lead-tin-
                         bismuth extruded

                        Mass of  lead-tin-
                         bismuth swaged
                         with emulsions
 Casting

 Continuous
 Casting
Strip
 Semi-Continuous
 Ingot Casting
Contact cooling
 water
           Contact  cooling
            water
Mass of  lead-tin-
 bismuth cast by
 the continuous
 strip      method
Mass  of  lead-tin-
 bismuth cast by
 the  semi-contin-
 uous  method
                                393

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Operation


Shot Casting
Waste Stream
 Contact cooling
  water
Production  Normal-
 Inc Parameter
 Mass  of  lead-tin
  bismuth shot cast
Shot-Forming



Alkaline  Cleaning
Degreas.ing
 Wet air pollution
  control blowdown
 Spent baths
                       Rinsewater
 Spent solvents
 Mass of  lead-tin-
  bismuth shot
  formed

 Mass of  lead-tin-
  bismuth alkaline
  cleaned
 Mass of  lead-tin-
  bismuth alkaline
  cleaned
Magnesium  Forming.    Magnesium  forming  processes  consist  of
forging, rolling, and extrusion.  Water is used in post-extrusion
etching, chromating, and rinsing processes.  Nine of the surveyed
plants form magnesium.  Three plants discharge process water, one
directly to surface water and two to a POTW.


The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation

Rolling



Forging
Waste Stream
 Spent emulsions
 Spent lubricants
 Contact cooling
  water

 Equipment cleaning
  wastewater
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter

Mass of magnesium
 rolled with emul-
 sions
                                              Mass of forged mag-
                                               nesium cooled
                                               with water
                                              Mass of magnesium
                                               forged on  equip-
                                               ment requiring
                                               cleaning with
                                               water
                               394

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                                              Production  Normal-
Operation             Waste Stream             ing Parameter


Direct Chill Casting   Contact cooling        Mass of magnesium
                        water                  cast with direct
                                               chill methods

Surface Treatment      Spent baths            Mass of magnesium
                                               surface treated
                       Rinsewater             Mass of magnesium
                                               surface treated

Sawing or Grinding     Spent emulsions        Mass of magnesium
                                               sawed or ground

Degreasing             Spent solvents

Wet  Air Pollution     Slowdown               Mass of  magnesium
Control                                        sanded and re-
                                               paired or forged


Nickel-Cobalt Forming.   Nickel and cobalt are formed by rolling,
drawing,  extrusion, and forging, with extrusion the least common
forming  process.   The two metals were grouped together  because
the  metals are formed by identical processes and are  frequently
combined  together in alloys which can be predominantly nickel or
predominantly cobalt.   Also,  19 of the 20 surveyed plants which
form cobalt also form nickel.


Of the surveyed plants, 91 form nickel and cobalt, making this
the  largest  subcategory in the  category.   Forty-eight  plants
discharge process wastewater, 14 directly to surface water and 34
to a POTW.


The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.

                                               Production Normal-
Operation             Waste Stream             ing Parameter

Rolling                Spent neat oils
          -  "          Spent  emulsions         Mass  of  nickel-
                                                 cobalt rolled
                                                 with emulsions

            :      ,,    Contact  cooling         Mass  of  nickel-
                        water                    cobalt rolled
                                                 with water

Tube Reducing          Spent lubricants


                               395

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Operation


Drawing




Extrusion
Forging
Metal  Powder  Pro-
duction
Stationary  Casting
Waste Stream
 Spent neat oils
 Spent  emulsions
 Spent lubricants
 Press  or  solution
  heat treatment
  contact cooling
  water

 Press  hydraulic
  fluid leakage

 Spent lubricants
 Contact cooling
  water

 Equipment  cleaning
  wastewater
 Press  hydraulic
  fluid leakage

 Atomization waste-
  water
 Contact cooling
  water
 Production Normal-
 ing Parameter
  Mass  of  nickel-
   cobalt drawn with
   emulsions
                                                Mass  of  nickel-
                                                 cobalt extruded
                                                 or heat treated
                                                 and subsequently
                                                 cooled with water
                                                Mass  of  nickel-
                                                 cobalt extruded
Mass of forged
 nickel-cobalt
 cooled with water
Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt forged on
 equipment requir-
 ing cleaning with
 water i
Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt forged

Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt metal
 powder produced
 by  wet  atomiza-
 tion

Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt cast with
 stationary  cast-
 ing methods
Vacuum Melting
 Steam condensate
Annealing and Solu-    Contact  cooling
tion  Heat  Treatment   water
Surface Treatment
 Spent.baths
Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt surface
 treated
 cobalt surface
 treated
                               396

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Operation


Ammonia




Alkaline  Cleaning
Molten  Salt
Waste Stream
 Rinsewater
 Spent baths
                       Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Sawing or Grinding    Spent emulsions
                      Rinsewater
Steam  Cleaning
Hydrostatic Tube
Testing and
Ultrasonic Testing

Dye  Penetrant
Testing
Condensate
Wastewater
Wastewater
 Production Normal-
 ing Parameter
Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt treated
 with ammonia
 solution

Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt alkaline
 cleaned
Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt alkaline
 cleaned

Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt treated
 with molten salt

Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt sawed or
 ground with emul-
 sions
Mass of sawed or
 ground  nickel-
 cobalt rinsed

Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt steam
 cleaned
                                                                           1
Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt tested
 with  dye   pene-
 trant methods
Miscellaneous Waste-
Water Sources '•

Degreasing

Wet Air Pollution
Control

Electrocoating
Various


Spent solvents

Slowdown


Rinsewater
Mass of nickel
 cobalt formed
Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt formed

Mass  of  nickel-
 cobalt electro-
 coated
                               397

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Precious  Metals  Forming.   This subcategory includes  processes
used to form gold,  silver,  platinum, and palladium.  The Agency
believes that it would be very difficult to subcategorize by  the
individual  precious metals because most plants in this  subcate-
gory form all of the precious metals using the same equipment and
cleaning  operations.   In addition,  the metals are alloyed with
each  other  in  many combinations,  some of which  have  no  one
constituent  that is greater than 50 percent of  the  alloy.  The
precious   metals  subcategory  includes   any  alloy  of   gold,
platinum, palladium or silver that contains 30 percent or greater
of  that  metal  (even  if  another  metal  occurs  in  a  larger
percentage).  Since all of the plants that form these alloys were
already at least partially covered by the precious metals forming
subcategory,  this  change  will simplify the application of  EPA
regulations by regulating similar alloys formed by the same plant
in  the  same subcategory.   The additional alloys that  are  now
included  in  this  subcategory were previously  covered  by  the
copper   forming  regulation  or  other  subcategories   of   the
nonferrous metals forming category.


The  cladding  of  precious  metals to  base  metals  is  closely
associated  with  precious metal forming.   Typically a  gold  or
silver  overlay  or inlay is roll bonded to a copper-alloy  base-
Nickel and stainless steel are also used as base metals.  All but
three  of the 15 plants engaged in precious metal  cladding  also
reported forming precious metals.   The clad metals are formed by
the  same  techniques and on the same equipment as  pure  metals.
Therefore,  it  is  appropriate to group precious metal  cladding
with precious metals forming.


The  most  common  forming.operations are  rolling  and  drawing.
Extrusion  and  forging are practiced to a much  smaller  extent.
Fifty-two of the surveyed plants form precious metals.  Thirty of
these  plants discharge process water,  four directly to  surface
water and 26 to a POTW.
The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation

Rolling




Drawing
Waste Stream

 Spent neat oils
 Spent emulsions
 Spent neat oils
 Spent emulsions
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter
Mass of precious
 metals rolled
 with emulsions
                                              Mass of precious
                                               metals drawn
                                               with emulsions
                               398

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Operation
Waste Stream
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter
Metal Powder Pro-
duction
Casting

Direct  Chill
Casting
Shot Casting
Stationary Casting
Semi-Continuous
and  Continuous

Casting
Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
                       Spent soap solutions
 Atomization waste-
 water
Contact cooling
 water
Contact cooling
 water

Contact cooling
 water

Contact cooling
 water
Alkaline Cleaning
Alkaline Cleaning
 Contact cooling
  water
 Spent baths


 Rinsewater



 Spent baths


 Rinsewater
 Prebonding waste-
  water
Mass of precious
 metals drawn with
 soap solutions

Mass of  precious
 metals powder
 produced by wet
 atomization
Mass  of  precious
 metals cast by
 the direct chill
 method

Mass of precious
 metals shot cast
Mass  of precious
 metals cast by

 the semi-contin-
 uous or continu-
 ous method

Mass of extruded
 precious metals
 heat treated

Mass of precious
 metals surface
 treated
Mass of precious
 metals surface
 treated

Mass of precious
 metals alkaline
 cleaned
Mass of precious
 metals alkaline
 cleaned

Mass of precious
 metal and base
 metal cleaned
 prior to bonding
                               399

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Operation
Waste Stream
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter
Tumbling  or
Burnishing
 Wastewater
Sawing or Grinding     Spent neat oils
                       Spent emulsions
Pressure Bonding
 Contact cooling
  water
Degreasing

Wet Air Pollution
Control
 Spent solvents

 Slowdown
Mass  of  precious
 metals tumbled or
 burnished with
 water-based media
Mass of precious
 metals sawed or
 ground with emul-
 sions

Mass of precious
 metal and base
 metal pressure
 bonded  and  sub-
 sequently cooled
 with water
Refractory Metals Forming.   This subcategory includes  processes
used to form molybdenum,  tungsten,  vanadium, rhenium, tantalum,
and  columbium.   The  Agency believes that it is unnecessary  to
subcategorize  by the individual refractory metals.   The  metals
are processed and fabricated by similar methods because of  their
common  characteristics.   Most  of  the plants  which  form  one
refractory  metal  also form one or more other refractory  metals
and  waste streams are commonly commingled.  The end  product  of
refining  these metals is metal powder which is consolidated into
finished  products  or mill shapes.   Only  production  of  metal
powders  using mechanical means such as  milling,  abrading,  and
atomizing,  which  do not significantly increase their purity are
included  in this subcategory.   Production of  refractory  metal
powders  in operations which significantly increase their  purity
is included in the nonferrous metals category. The powders can be
arc  or  electron beam  melted and cast into  ingots.   The  mill
shapes  and  ingots  are shaped into finished  form  by  rolling,
drawing/ extrusion, and forging.


Fifty-eight  of the surveyed plants reported forming one or  more
of the refractory metals.  Thirty-three of these plants discharge
process  wastewater,  six  directly to surface water and 27 to  a
POTW.
                               400

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                                                                         1
The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation

Rolling
Drawing

Extrusion



Forging
Metal Powder Pro-
duction
Metal Powder Press-
ing

Surface Treatment
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten Salt
Waste Stream

 Spent neat oils and
  graphite-based
  lubricants
 Spent emulsions
 Spent lubricants

 Spent lubricants
 Press hydraulic
  fluid leakage

 Spent lubricants
 Contact cooling
  water
 Wastewater




 Spent lubricants


 Spent baths


 Rinsewater



 Spent baths


 Rinsewater



 Rinsewater
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter
                                              Mass of refractory
                                               metals rolled
                                               with emulsions
Mass of refractory
 metals extruded
Mass of forged
 refractory metals
 cooled with water

Mass of refractory
 metals powder
 produced using
 water
Mass of refractory
 metals surface
 treated
Mass of refractory
 metals surface
 treated

Mass of refractory
 metals alkaline
 cleaned
Mass of refractory
 metals alkaline
 cleaned

Mass of refractory
 metals treated
 with molten salt
                               401

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Operation
Waste Stream
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter
Tumbling  or
Burnishing
 Wastewater
Sawing or Grinding     Spent neat oils
                       Spent emulsions
                       Contact cooling
                        water
                       Rinsewater
Dye  Penetrant
Testing
Equipment Cleaning
  Wastewater
 Wastewater
Miscellaneous Waste-
water Sources

Degreasing

Wet Air Pollution
Control
Various


Spent solvents

Slowdown
Mass of refractory
 metals tumbled or
 burnished with
 water-based media
Mass of refractory
 metals sawed or
 ground with emul-
 sions

Mass of refractory
 metals sawed or
 ground with  con-
 tact cooling
 water

Mass of refractory
 metals sawed or
 ground and subse-
 quently rinsed

 Mass of refractory
  metals tested
  with  dye   pene-
  trant methods

Mass of refractory
 metals formed on
 equipment requir-
 ing cleaning with
 water

Mass of refractory
 metals formed
Mass of  refractory
 metals sawed,
 ground, surface
 coated or surface
 treated
Titanium  Forming.   Titanium  is  formed  by  rolling,  drawing,
extrusion,  and  forging.   Forging is practiced by  many  plants
which  primarily forge steel.   Rolling is the second most common
forming  operation,  drawing the least.   Titanium is often  acid
etched  to  remove a hard surface layer which forms  at  elevated
temperatures.
                               402

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Forty-six of the surveyed plants form titanium.   Thirty of these
plants discharge process wastewater, 13 directly to surface water
and 17 to a'POTW.
The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation

Rolling
Drawing

Extrusion
Forging
Tube Reducing

Heat Treatment


Surface Treatment




Alkaline Cleaning
Waste Stream

 Spent neat oils
 Contact cooling
  water
 Spent neat oils

 Spent neat oils
 Spent emulsions
 Press hydraulic
  fluid leakage

 Spent lubricants
 Contact cooling
  water

 Equipment cleaning
  water
 Press hydraulic
  fluid leakage

 Spent lubricants

 Contact cooling
  water

 Spent baths

 Rinsewater
 Spent  baths

 Rinsewater
Production  Normal-
  ing Parameter
                                              Mass of titanium
                                               rolled with  con-
                                               tact cooling
                                               water
                                              Mass of titanium
                                               extruded with
                                               emulsions
                                              Mass of titanium
                                               extruded
                                              Mass of forged
                                               titanium cooled
                                               with water
                                              Mass of titanium
                                               forged on equip-
                                               ment requiring
                                               cleaning with
                                               water
                                              Mass of titanium
                                               forged
Mass of titanium
 surface treated
Mass of titanium
 surface treated

Mass of titanium
 alkaline cleaned
Mass of titanium
 alkaline cleaned
                               403

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Operation


Molten Salt



Tumbling



Sawing or Grinding
Dye  Penetrant
Testing
Miscellaneous Waste-
water Sources

Degreasing

Wet Air Pollution
Control
Waste Stream
 Rinsewater
 Wastewater
 Spent neat oils
 Spent emulsions
                       Contact cooling
                        water
 Wastewater



 Various


 Spent solvents

 Blowdown
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter
Mass of titanium
 treated with
 molten salt

Mass of titanium
 tumbled with
 water-based media
Mass of titanium
 sawed or ground
 with an emulsion
Mass of titanium
 sawed or ground
 with contact
 cooling water

Mass  of  titanium
tested with dye
penetrant methods
Mass of
 formed
titanium
Mass  of  titanium
 surface treated
 or forged
Uranium  Forming.   Uranium forming processes consist of forging,
rolling,  and extrusion.   Water is used in post-forming  surface
treatment  steps.   Three surveyed plants report forming uranium.
Two  plants  discharge  process wastewater  directly  to  surface
water.
                               404

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 The   operations   and   associated waste streams  covered  by   this
 subcategory  and  the appropriate production normalizing parameters
 are  listed below.
Operation

Extrusion
Forging

Heat Treatment
Surface Treatment
Sawing or Grinding
Area Cleaning
Waste Stream

 Spent lubricants
 Tool contact cooling
  water
 Spent lubricants

 Contact cooling
  water
 Spent baths

 Rinsewater


 Spent emulsions
                       Contact cooling
                        water
                       Rinsewater
Washwater
  Production Normal-
  ing  Parameter
                                              Mass of uranium
                                               extruded with
                                               tools requiring
                                               contact cooling
                                               with water
Mass of  extruded  or
  forged  uranium
  heat  treated  and
  subsequently
  cooled  with water

Mass of  uranium
  surface treated
Mass of  uranium
  surface treated

Mass of  uranium
  sawed or ground
  with emulsions
Mass of  uranium
  sawed or ground
  with contact
  cooling water
Mass of  uranium
  sawed or ground
  and subsequently
  rinsed

Mass of  uranium
  formed
Degreasing

Wet  Air  Pollution
Control

Drum Washwater
Laundry Washwater
 Spent  solvents

 Slowdown


 Wastewater
       ;

 Wastewater
Mass  of  uranium
 surface treated

Mass of uranium
 formed

Employee-day
                               405

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Zinc Forming.   Zinc is formed by rolling,  drawing, and forging.
It—is—surface  treated and  cleaned  with  alkaline  detergents
following forming.   Ten of the surveyed plants form zinc.  Three
plants  discharge  process wastewater,  one directly  to  surtace
water and two to a POTW.


The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation

Rolling
Drawing
Waste Stream

 Spent neat oils
 Spent emulsions

 Contact cooling
  water
 Spent emulsions
Production  Normal-
  ing Parameter


Mass of zinc rolled
 with emulsions
Mass of zinc rolled
 with contact
  cooling water

Mass of zinc drawn
 with emulsions
Casting

Direct  Chill
Casting

Stationary  Casting
 Heat  Treatment
 Surface Treatment
 Contact cooling
  water

 Contact cooling
  water

 Contact cooling
  water
  Spent  baths
                        Rinsewater
Mass of zinc  cast
 by the direct
 chill method
Mass of zinc heat
 treated and sub-
 sequently cooled
 with water

Mass of zinc   sur<
 face treated

Mass of zinc   sur-
 face treated
                                406

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 Operation
Waste  Stream
 Production  Normal-
   ing Parameter
Alkaline  Cleaning




Sawing or Grinding



Degreasing

Electrocoating
  Spent  baths

  Rinsewater


  Spent  emulsions



  Spent  solvents

  Rinsewater
 Mass  of zinc  alka-
  line cleaned
 Mass  of zinc alka-
  line cleaned

 Mass  of zinc sawed
  or ground with
  emulsions
Mass  of  zinc
  trocoated
elec-
Zirconium-Hafnium  Forming.   Zirconium and hafnium are formed by
rolling,   drawing,  and  extrusion.   One  common  manufacturing
process is tube reducing  (roll-rocking or pilgering),  a  special
type of cold-rolling.   Post-forming operations include annealing
and sand blasting  (dry),  acid and alkaline cleaning, and conver-
sion  coating.   All  of  the plants which form hafnium also  form
zirconium by similar processes.


Twelve of the surveyed plants report forming zirconium.   Ten  of
these  plants  discharge  process wastewater,  five  directly  to
surface water and five to a POTW.


The  operations  and  associated waste streams  covered  by  this
subcategory and the appropriate production normalizing parameters
are listed below.
Operation

Rolling

Drawing

Extrusion



Swaging

Tube Reducing
Waste Stteam

 Spent neat oils

 Spent lubricants

 Spent lubricants
 Press hydraulic
  fluid leakage

 Spent neat oils

 Spent lubricants
Production  Normal-
 ing Parameter
Mass of  zirconium-
 hafnium extruded
                               407

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Operation
Waste Stream
 Production  Normal-
  ing  Parameter
Heat  Treatment
 Contact cooling
  water
Surface  Treatment    Spent baths
                      Rinsewater
Alkaline Cleaning
Molten  Salt
Sawing or Grinding
Inspection and
Testing

Degreasing

Wet Air Pollution

Degreasing
Spent baths
                      Rinsewater
Rinsewater
Spent neat oils
Spent emulsions
                      Contact  cooling
                       water
Rinsewater




Wastewater


Spent solvents

Slowdown Control

Rinsewater
 Mass  of  zirconium-
  hafnium heat
  treated and   sub-
  sequently  cooled
  with water

 Mass  of  zirconium-
  hafnium surface
  treated
'Mass  of   zirconium-
  hafnium surface
  treated

 Mass  of  zirconium-
  hafnium alkaline
  cleaned

 Mass  of   zirconium-
  hafnium alkaline
  cleaned

 Mass  of  zirconium-
  hafnium treated
  with molten  salt
 Mass of  zirconium-
  hafnium sawed or
  ground with emul-
  sions
 Mass of zirconium-
  hafnium sawed or
  ground with  con-
  tact cooling
  water
 Mass of zirconium-
  hafnium sawed or
  ground and subse-
  quently rinsed

 Mass of  zirconium-
  hafnium tested
                                408

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       Powders.    This subcategory includes operations for produc-
 ing iron,  copper, and aluminum powders and metal parts from iron,
 copper,  and aluminum powders.   Powders are produced by wet or  dry
 atomization arid mechanical grinding.   Pressing and sintering,  the
 major  manufacturing processes in powder  metallurgy,   usually  use
 no process water.  Most  of the wastewater from operations in this
 subcategory is  generated by post-forming  surface treatment.
 Seventy-three  surveyed  plants  are  engaged  in  powder  production  or
 powder metallurgy  of  iron,   copper or  aluminum.    Thirty  of  these
 plants   discharge   process   wastewater,  three   directly   to the
 surface  water  and  27  to a POTW.


 The   operations  and  associated waste streams   covered   by   this
 subcategory and  the appropriate production normalizing parameters
 are  listed below.
Operation

Metal Powder Pro-
duction
Tumbling, Burnish-
ing or Cleaning
Waste Stream

  Atomization waste-
   water
  Wastewater
Sawing or Grinding
Sizing
Steam Treatment Wet
Air Pollution
Control

Oil-Resin Impreg-
nation
  Spent neat oils
  Spent emulsions
                       Contact cooling
                        water
  Spent  neat  oils
  Spent  emulsions
  Slowdown
  Spent  neat  oils
  Production Normal-
   ing Parameter^

 Mass of powder pro-
  duced by wet
  atomization

 Mass of powder
      metallurgy parts
  tumbled,  bur
  nished,  or
  cleaned with
  water-based media
Mass  of  powder
 metallurgy  parts
1 sawed or  ground
 with emulsions
Mass  of  powder
 metallurgy  parts
 sawed or  ground
 with contact
 cooling water
Mass of powder
 sized using emul-
 sions

Mass of powder
 metallurgy parts
 steam treated
                               409

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Operation
Waste Stream
 Production Normal-
  ing Parameter
Degreasing

Hot Pressing
Mixing Wet Air Pol-
lution Control
  Spent solvents

  Contact cooling
   water
  Slowdown
Mass of powder
 cooled with water
 after pressing

Mass  of  powder
 mixed
                                410

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                            Table  IV-1

          NUMBER OF PLANTS DISCHARGING NONFERROUS METALS
                FORMING WASTEWATER,  BY SUBCATEGORY
        Subcategory

Lead-Tin-Bismuth. Forming

Magnesium Forming

Nickel-Cobalt.Forming

Precious  Metals Forming

Refractory Metals Forming

Titanium  Forming

Uranium Forming

Zinc Forming

Zirconium-Hafnium Forming

Metal Powders
                                 Number
Number of
)irec
large
3
1
14
4
6
13
2
1
5
3
t Indirect
rs* Dischargers*
17
2
34
26
27
17
—
2
5
27
Total
Plants
66
9
91
52
58
46
3
10
12
73
*Plants may be  in more  than one subcategory.
                                     *U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1986; 491-191/52944
                                411

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