Preliminary Data Summary for the Used Oil Reclamation and Re-Refining Industry


           PRELIMINARY  DATA  SUMMARY

                   FOR THE

            USED OIL RECLAMATION

               AND RE-REFINING

                   INDUSTRY
  Office of Water Regulations and Standards
               Office of Water
United States Environmental Protection Agency
              Washington,  D.C.

                September 1989

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                             PREFACE


     This is one of a series of Preliminary Data Summaries
prepared by the Office of Water Regulations and Standards of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  The Summaries contain
engineering, economic and environmental data that pertain to
whether the industrial facilities in various industries discharge
pollutants in their wastewaters and whether the EPA should pursue
regulations to control such discharges.  The summaries were
prepared in order to allow EPA to respond to the mandate of
section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act, which requires the Agency
to develop plans to regulate industrial categories that
contribute to pollution of the Nation's surface waters.

     The Summaries vary in terms of the amount and nature of the
data presented.  This variation reflects several factors,
including the overall size of the category (number of
dischargers), the amount of sampling and analytical work
performed by EPA in developing the Summary, the amount of
relevant secondary data that exists for the various categories,
whether the industry had been the subject of previous studies (by
EPA or other parties), and whether or not the Agency was already
committed to a regulation for the industry.  With respect to the
last factor, the pattern is for categories that are already the
subject of regulatory activity (e.g., Pesticides, Pulp and Paper)
to have relatively short Summaries.  This is because the
Summaries are intended primarily to assist EPA management in
designating industry categories for rulemaking.  Summaries for
categories already subject to rulemaking were developed for
comparison purposes and contain only the minimal amount of data
needed to provide some perspective on the relative magnitude of
the pollution problems created across the categories.

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                        ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


Preparation of this Preliminary Data Summary was directed by
Dennis C. Ruddy, Project Officer, of the Industrial Technology
Division.  Support was provided under EPA Contract Nos. 68-03-
3410.

Additional copies of this document may be obtained by writing to
the following address:

          Industrial Technology Division (WH-552)
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
          401 M Street, S.W.
          Washington, D.C. 20460

          Telephone (202)  382-7131

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                         Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY                                          2

Chapter 1  INTRODUCTION                                       3
   1.1  Project Objectives	 3
   1.2 Overview	.	 3
   1.3 Regulatory Background	4
          Clean Water Act	4
          Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ..		6

Chapter 2  BACKGROUND REVIEW                                7
   2.1  Review Process	7
   2.2 Reference Sources	7
   2.3 Topics Reviewed	.. 9
          Industry Profile	9
          Description of Processes	9
          Waste Stream Characterization	 10
          Control and Treatment Technologies	.10
          Current Regulatory Requirements	 11

Chapter 3  INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION                              15
   3.1 Overview of the Industry	15
   3.2 Industry Profile Sources		16
   3.3 Industry Description	17
          Minor Processors	17
          Major Processors	 17
          Re-Refiners	 18
   3.4 Process Descriptions	19
       3.4.1 Minor/Major Processor	19
          Centrifugation	19
          Screen Filtration	 20
          Settling	 20
       3.4.2 Simple Processors	20
          Distillation	20
       3.4.3 Re-Refining	.. 21
          Solvent Treatment	21

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         Acid/Clay Treatment	21
         Distillation	22
         Vacuum Distillation	22
         Clay Polishing	22
         Hydrotreating	23
   3.5 Wastes Generated from Re-Refining Processes  	24
         Settled Sludges	24
         Wastewater	24
         Spent Clays  	24
         Distillation Bottoms  	25
         Other Wastes Generated	25

Chapter 4 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION                          39
   4.1 Waste Characterization Objectives	39
   4.2 Sampling Strategy	39
         Analytes Selected	40
         Sampling Activities	40
         Water Sampling	41
         Solids Sampling	41
   4.3 Analytical Methods ...-..-•	42
         Analyses Performed	42
         Data Quality Considerations 	42
   4.4 Sampling Program Results	43
         Sampling QA/QC	43
         Index of Data Tables	44
   4.5 Additional Waste Related Information	44
         Toxic Constituents of Concern 	44
         Mobility Potential	45
         Persistence	45
         Waste Management Considerations	46
Appendix A ANALYTICAL DATA

GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF REFERENCES
 65

136

140

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                           Figures


Figure 3.1: Used Oil Flow into the Used Oil Management System
          (UOMS)	26
Figure 3.2: Minor Processor Schematic 	27
Figure 3.3: Major Processor Schematic	28
Figure 3.4: Vertical Centrifuge Schematic	 29
Figure 3.5: Solvent Treatment Tank	30
Figure 3.6: Acid-Clay Re-Refiner	31
Figure 3.7: Seven-Plate Distillation Tower	 32
Figure 3.8: Vacuum Distillation Re-Refiner 	33
                                 Hi

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                           Tables


Table 2.1: Reference/Subject Matrix	12
Table 3.1: Industry Profile - Processors/Reclaimers	34
Table 3.2: Industry Profile - Re-Refiners	37
Table 4.1: General Re-Refinery Information	48
Table 4.2: Pollutant Fractions Analyzed by Sample Type	49
Table 4.3: Pollutant Fractions Analyzed	50
Table 4.4: Volatile Organics Analyzed	51
Table 4.5: Base-Neutral and Acid Extractable Organics Analyzed	52
Table 4.6: List of Analytes, Matrices, Fractions, and Methods for the
         Screen Sampling of the Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining
         Industry	57
Table 4.7: Characterization of Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry Screen
         Sampling Program Summary	63
Table A.1: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Facility A -
         Water Samples	66
Table A.2: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Facility B -
         Water Samples ..:.....	67
Table A.3: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Facility C -
         Water Samples	68
Table A.4: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Facility D -
         Water Samples	70
Table A.5: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for DAF Sludge
         Samples	71
Table A.6: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Spent Clay
         Samples  	72
Table A.7: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Spent
         Carbon Samples	73
Table A.8: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Distillation
         Bottoms Samples	 74
Table A.9: Conventional and Non-Conventional Parameters for Filter Cake
         Samples  	75
Table A. 10: Organics Results for Facility A - Water Samples	76
Table A.11: Organics Results for Facility B - Water Samples	77
Table A. 12: Organics Results for Facility C - Water Samples	78
Table A.13: Organics Results for Facility D - Water Samples	81
Table A. 14: Organics Results for DAF Sludge Samples	82
                                 IV

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Table A. 15: Organics Results for Spent Clay Samples	83
Table A. 16: Organics Results for Spent Carbon Samples 	84
Table A. 17: Organics Results for Distillation Bottoms Samples	85
Table A. 18: Organics Results for Filter Cake Samples	86
Table A.19: Metals Results for Facility A - Water Samples	87
Table A.20: Metals Results for Facility B - Water Samples	90
Table A.21: Metals Results for Facility C - Water Samples	93
Table A.22: Metals Results for Facility D - Water Samples	99
Table A.23: Metals Results for DAF Sludge Samples	102
Table A.24: Metals Results for Spent Clay Samples	 105
Table A.25: Metals Results for Spent Carbon Samples	108
Table A.26: Metals Results for Distillation Bottoms Samples  .,	111
Table A.27: Metals Results for Filter Cake Samples	115
Table A.28: RCRA Characteristics for DAF Sludge Samples  	118
Table A.29: RCRA Characteristics for Spent Clay Samples	122
Table A.30: RCRA Characteristics for Spent Carbon Samples	126
Table A.31: RCRA Characteristics for Distillation Bottoms Samples  ... 129
Table A.32: RCRA Characteristics for Filter Cake Samples	132
Table A.33: Used Oil Concentrations as Compared to Health Based
           Criteria .. '.	135
                                v

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                             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
     The  U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency   (EPA)  regulates  or  makes
determinations  as to whether to regulate certain  industrial categories  under several
major environmental statutes. These statutes include the Clean Water Act, the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Clean Air Act.  This report is part of the process
by which EPA is considering what management standards may be appropriate for the
recycling of used oil, in response to the requirements mandated by these Acts.

     The study has attempted to characterize and profile the Oil Reclaimer/Re-Refining
Industry.  The distinction  between the  reclaimers and re-refiners is the degree of
sophistication in processing the used oil,  and the resultant end product; reclaimers use
simplistic processing, re-refiners' end product is of base lube stock quality.

     The goals of this preliminary effort were to: conduct a literature review, perform an
industry profile, site visit re-refiners, screen sample re-refiners, and develop a Preliminary
Data Summary. These goals have been realized through the work conducted during
1986 and 1987.

     A total of sixty-eight  facilities have been tentatively  identified  as being either
reclaimers or re-refiners.  Seven candidate re-refineries for screen sampling were visited
and four were sampled, as part of initial plans to  characterize wastes within the industry.
Preliminary results indicate a wide range of pollutants present in both the liquid and solid
streams sampled.  Screen sampling data results  have been included herein.

     The Agency is presently interpreting and  evaluating the analytical data collected
during the re-refinery screen sampling program.   Findings will be contained in future
reports that will be available for public review.

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Sec. 1.1
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This document details various information that has been gathered concerning the
Used Oil Reclaimer/Re-Refining Industry by the Industrial Technology Division (ITD) of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
The document will be used by the Agency in its decision-making processes to determine
whether national effluent limitations guidelines or a different regulatory approach are
warranted for this industry and to characterize liquid and solid wastes from industry
processes.

The study has attempted to identify and profile the industry, identify the types and
sources of waste streams that are being generated, and collect data to characterize the
quality of such streams.

1.1 Project Objectives

The objectives of this Project were to profile the industry, identify the types and
sources of waste streams that are being generated by facilities within the industry, collect
data to characterize the quality and quantity of such streams, and suggest future actions
regarding regulation and/or guidance development.

These objectives have been partially met by collecting varying levels of data
through industry sources and the literature, and by collecting and analyzing screen
samples of liquid and solid wastes.

1.2 Overview
The oil reclaimer/re-refining industry is defined by the Bureau of the Census
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 2992. The raw material of this industry is used
oil. As defined by the 1986 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, used oil is oil whose
characteristics have changed since being originally manufactured and which is suitable
for recycling (processing oil that has become unsuitable for its intended use in order to
regain useful material).

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                                                                        Sec. 1.2
       Consistent with earlier Agency review and  investigation, two distinct used  oil
recycling entities exist within the used oil management system:  (1) Reclaiming, wherein
relatively  simple  cleaning methods  (settling,  heating, dehydration, filtration  and
centrifugation) are used during  the recycling  process primarily to remove  insoluble
contaminants and thus making the oil suitable for some sort of further use; and  (2) Re-
refining, where refining processes  during recycling are used in order to produce high
quality base stock for lubricants  or other petroleum products. Re-refining may  include
distillation, hydrotreating,  and/or  treatments employing acid,  caustic, solvent, clay
and/or chemicals.

       Previous studies conducted by the Agency regarding "Used Oil as a Hazardous
Waste" indicate a wide range of contaminants to be present in the used oil base stock. It
was therefore logical to suspect that the recycling of used oil via either simple physical
cleaning methods or by more  sophisticated refining  (chemical) processes would yield as
by-products of that process broad ranges and quantities of contaminants.


1.3 Regulatory Background
Clean Water Act

       The  Federal Water Pollution  Control Act Amendments of 1972  established a
comprehensive program to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical,  and biological
integrity of the Nation's waters."  By July 1, 1977,  existing industrial dischargers were
required to achieve "effluent limitations requiring the application of the best practicable
control technology currently available" (BPCTCA), as specified in Section 301(b)(1)(A).
By July 1,1983, these dischargers were required to  achieve "effluent limitations requiring
the application of the best available  technology economically achievable (BAT), which
will result in reasonable further progress toward the national goal of eliminating the
discharge of pollutants," as  specified  in Section 301(b)(2)(A).  New industrial direct
dischargers were required to comply with new source performance standards (NSPS),
as specified in Section 306, based on best available  demonstrated technology. New and
existing dischargers to publicly owned treatment works (POTW)  were  subject to
pretreatment  standards under Sections  307(b)  and  Section  307(c).   While the
requirements  for direct dischargers were  to be incorporated into National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits  issued under Section 402 of the Act,
pretreatment standards were made  enforceable  directly against dischargers to POTW
(indirect dischargers).

       Although Section 402(a)(1) of the 1972 Act authorized the setting of requirements
for direct dischargers on a case-by-case basis in the absence of regulations, Congress
intended that, for the most part, control requirements would  be  based on regulations
promulgated by the Administrator of  EPA.  Section 304(b)  of  the  Act required the

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                                                                         Sec. 1.3
Administrator to promulgate regulations providing  guidelines for effluent limitations
setting forth the degree of effluent reduction attainable through the application of BPT
and BAT.  Moreover, Sections 304(c) and 306 of the Act required promulgation of New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS).  Sections 304(f), 307(b),  and 307(c)  required
promulgation of regulations for pretreatment standards. In addition to these regulations
for designated industry categories, Section 307(a)  of the Act required the Administrator
to promulgate effluent standards applicable to all dischargers of toxic pollutants. Finally,
Section 501 (a)  of the Act authorized the Administrator to prescribe any additional
regulations "necessary to carry out his functions" under the Act.

       On  December 27, 1977, the President signed  into law the Clean Water Act of
1977.  Although this law makes several important changes in the Federal water pollution
control program, its most significant feature is its incorporation into the Act a program for
toxic pollution control. Section 301 (b)(2)(A) and Section 301 (b)(2)(C)  of the Act required
the achievement by July 1, 1984, of effluent limitations requiring application of BAT for
"toxic" pollutants, including the  65 "priority" pollutants and  classes of pollutants which
Congress declared "toxic" under Section 307(a) of the Act.  Likewise, EPA's programs
for  New Source Performance Standards and pretreatment standards are now aimed
principally  at toxic pollutant controls.  Moreover,  to strengthen the toxics control
program, Congress  added Section 304(e) to the Act.  Section 304(e) authorizes the
Administrator to prescribe what have been termed "best management practices" (BMP)
to prevent the release of toxic pollutants from plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge
or waste disposal, and drainage from  raw material storage associated with, or ancillary
to, the manufacturing or treatment process.

       The  Clean Water Act of  1977 also  revised  the control program for  nontoxic
pollutants.  Section 301(b)(2)(E) now  requires achievement by July 1,  1984 of "effluent
limitations requiring the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology"
(BCT) for discharges of conventional pollutants from  existing industrial point  sources.
Conventional pollutants are  those  mentioned  specifically  in Section  304(a) (4),
(biochemical oxygen-demanding pollutants (BOD5), total suspended  solids (TSS), fecal
coliform, and  pH),  plus any additional pollutants  defined by  the Administrator as
"conventional."    On  July  30,  1979,  the  Agency designated  oil and grease  as  a
conventional pollutant (44 FR 44501). The BCT requirements are developed based upon
a two-part  cost test.  The first cost test compares the cost per pound of conventional
pollutants  removed  for  the BCT requirements to the  cost that a POTW incurs for
removing similar pollutants.  The second cost test  compares the cost of  the BCT
requirements with the costs to attain BPT for the industry category being evaluated.

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Sec. 1.3
For nontoxic, nonconventional pollutants, Sections 301(b)(2)(A) and (F) of the
1977 amendments required achievement of BAT effluent limitations within three years
after their establishment or July 1, 1984, whichever is later, but not later than July 1,
1987. In February 1987, the Water Quality Act of 1987 revised this date to March 31,
1989.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) establishes a
comprehensive scheme regulating the management of solid wastes. Some solid wastes
are classified as hazardous under RCRA Subtitle C and are therefore subject to more
stringent requirements than other solid wastes, i.e., regulations governing generation,
transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal.

However, the 1980 amendments to RCRA excluded several types of solid wastes
from regulation as hazardous wastes until EPA has submitted certain studies to
Congress and made certain regulatory determinations [Solid Waste Disposal Act
Amendments of 1980, Pub. L No. 94-482, Section 29, 94 Stat. 2349].

Pursuant to Section 3001 (a) and Section 3001 (b) of the RCRA regulations, solid
wastes can be classified as hazardous in two ways. First, EPA can determine that a
particular type or category of solid wastes is hazardous and should be included on a list
of categorically hazardous wastes [40 CFR Section 261.11, 261.30-261.33 (1984)]; the
lists under 261.33 were updated in 1986 [52 FR 28296]. Second, if a solid waste exhibits
one of four characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or extraction-procedure
toxicity), it is considered hazardous [40 CFR Section 261 .10, 261 .20 to 261 .24 (1984)].

Section 3012 of RCRA, added to the statute by the Used Oil Recycling Act of
1980 and amended (and re-designated as Section 3014) by the 1984 RCRA
amendments, directs the Administrator to "promulgate regulations ... as may be
necessary to protect human health and the environment from hazards associated with
recycled oil.

The Agency has previously determined that used oil being recycled should not be
listed as a hazardous waste under RCRA. EPA intends, however, to issue recycled oil
management standards. This project is part of the process by which EPA is considering
what management standards are necessary for recycled oil. It is believed that improper
recycling of used oil can pose substantial environmental hazards. The evaluation of
residues, waste waters, and sludges associated with the recycling of used oil is
essential. The Agency may list one or more waste streams as hazardous even if used oil
itself is not listed.

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Sec. 2.2
Chapter 2

BACKGROUND REVIEW
2.1 Review Process
An integral aspect in the Data Summary process included the review of the oil
reclamation and re-refining industry literature. The review identified available information
that focused on oil reclamation and re-refining process operations, by-products, waste
management techniques, and current state and federal regulations governing the
disposition of wastewater and solid wastes for this industry.

This section presents the methods by which the literature review effort was
performed, the major subject areas covered by the literature review, and the indexing
and sorting system used for tracking and maintaining reference materials.

Section 2.2 identifies the various sources that were searched in order to obtain
reference materials. Section 2.3 presents the five subject areas that were used to
catalog the material. References are categorized according to topic; some references
contain information pertaining to more than one subject.
2.2 Reference Sources
The reference materials in the literature review were obtained from a number of
sources including previous EPA studies and reports, Department of Energy (DOE)
investigations, OSHA database reviews, etc. From project inception, direction was given
to use as much existing Agency material as possible. The project team was made aware
of the potential for existing documents within other offices of the Agency. As such, the
first source of information was previous reports prepared for the Office of Solid Waste
(OSW) at EPA, pertaining to the topic of used oil. Within these documents, in some
instances, additional references were obtained.
7

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Sec. 2.2
The second major source of information was the U.S. Department of Energy's
Bartlesville Energy Technology Center (BETC) and the National Institute for Petroleum
and Energy Research (NIPER) in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. For the last fifteen years,
scientists at BETC and NIPER have been performing basic and applied research related
to used oil and reclamation. This research has covered the broad spectrum from
determination of specific compounds of interest to the development of patented
innovative recycling processes. For the past ten years, Dr. Dennis W. Brinkman has
been one of the leading figures within these organizations dealing with the used oil issue.
Discussions with Dr. Brinkman and his colleagues resulted in obtaining valuable
information for this project.

Other sources of information were computer literature searches. These searches
included the following computer databases:

o Enviroline, a database that covers the world's environmental information.

o Pollution Abstracts, a database containing environmentally related literature on
pollution, its sources, and its control.

o Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), a database covering all aspects of
occupational safety and health, and includes such topics as hazardous agents,
unsafe workplace environment, and toxicology.

o NTIS, a database consisting of government sponsored research, development,
and engineering plus analyses prepared by federal agencies, their contractors, or
grantees.

o Oceanic Abstracts, a database that organizes and indexes technical literature
published worldwide on oceanography, marine biology, marine pollution, ships
and shipping, geology and geophysics, meteorology, and government and legal
aspects of marine resources.

o BEI Engineering Meetings, a database that indexes significant published
proceedings of engineering and technical conferences, symposia, meetings and
colloquia.

o Additional references were obtained from indices that appear in industry journals.
These include Chemical Engineering, Hydrocarbon Processing, Industrial Wastes,
Oil and Gas Journal, Chemical Engineering Progress, and Pollution Engineering.
8

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Sec. 2.3
2.3 Topics Reviewed
The following subsections provide brief summaries of the five literature review
subject topics. Table 2.1 provides a matrix of the present literature review references and
the topical subjects they address. The record numbers correspond to the references'
location within the project files. Appendix A provides a cross-reference list of the
references and their corresponding record numbers.

Industry Profile

This topic contains reference material that discusses different aspects of the oil
reclamation and re-refinery industry. Material is included that discusses the size of the
industry, the number and size of the existing facilities, and the current trends on the
growth of the industry. Other subtopics include effects on the industry resulting from
economic, technical and institutional constraints.

Because of the limited number of re-refineries, and because to some degree they
have been regulated, referenced studies and reports readily exist on the re-refinery
segment of the used oil industry. For the most part, the other segments (collectors,
major/minor processors) in the used oil industry are not required to report their
collection procedures or reuse practices. Thus, much of the collection, processing, and
reuse of used oils in this country is not documented and thus there is very little existing
information to draw from for these segments of the industry.

Description of Processes

This topic includes all reference material that discuss the different chemical and
physical processes used in the oil reclamation and re-refining industry. Basically, there
are four types of organizations involved in the used oil reclamation and re-refining
industry: (1) independent collectors, (2) minor processors, (3) major processors; and
(4) re-refiners. Independent collectors do virtually no processing of the oil they collect
prior to its resale. Approximately 60 percent of the oil is sold to the processors and re-
refiners.

Minor and major processors use in-line filtering and gravity settling with or without
heat addition. As a further distinction, the major processors use other treatment devices
to increase oil quality. The additional equipment includes distillation towers, large filter
screens, centrifuges, agitators and blending devices.

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Sec. 2.3
Unlike the processor technologies, re-refining operations differ considerably and
are much more complex. The major distinct types of re-refining technologies are: (1)
solvent treatment/distillation/ hydrotreating; (2) acid/clay treatment, (3) vacuum
distillation/clay polishing, and (4) chemical treatment/clay polishing.

Waste Stream Characterization

This topic includes all reference material that discusses the possible waste
streams produced in the oil reclamation and re-refining industry. Reference material was
included that discusses the solid and liquid by-products, the quantity and quality of these
streams and the identity of these streams.

The liquid waste, in all instances, is a settled or unsettled wastewater. This waste
stream is discharged either directly to surface waters or, more often, to a local POTW.

The solid wastes are much more varied in type and volume, depending on the
facility processing technologies. Solid wastes consist of:

o in-line filter residues

o oily sludges

o tank bottoms

o centrifuge solids

o distillation bottoms

o spent and acid clay

o dissolved air or gas flotation (DAF) sludges

Control and Treatment Technologies

Reference materials identified under this topic discuss technologies available for
the control and treatment of waste streams generated within the oil reclamation/ re-
refining industry.

Typical treatment and control practices for the liquid waste streams include
chemical injection of acid alum or caustic soda; equalization; API separation; flocculation
using either caustic or polymers; and air or gas flotation. In most instances the end-of-
pipe effluent is discharged to the local sanitary sewer system.
10

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                                                                       Sec. 2.3
      Typical treatment and control for the solid wastes involves cleaning, dewatering
and storage prior to transport to contract waste haulers or landfills.

Current Regulatory Requirements

      Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery  Act (RCRA),  EPA  issued
regulations that may ultimately affect waste oils. To date, a minority of individual states
have designated waste oils as either toxic or hazardous and have implemented special
handling  procedures.   References  dealing with various  aspects of the regulatory
environment concerning waste oil have been compiled.

       The Used Oil Recycling Act of 1980 amended RCRA to encourage the use of
recycled  oil.  The bill provided  that labeling requirements be  based on performance
characteristics, not upon the origin of the oil.  EPA was directed to evaluate whether to
classify waste oil as  a toxic waste under RCRA and to perform an economic  impact
analysis when developing reuse standards for oil.

      The basis for listing waste oil as  a hazardous waste rests on such concerns as
the presence of PCB's and other toxic wastes in the oil, the possibility that the oil will
enter surface and groundwater, and the release of toxic metals when waste oil is burned.
                                      11

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Table 2.1: Reference/Subject Matrix
                                        Sec. 2.3
RECORD
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
INDUSTRY
PROFILE

X


X




X
X





X



DESCRIP.
OF
PROCESSES


X
X
X
X
X
X


X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
WASTE
STREAM
CHARACT.




X




X
X
X

X


X



CONTROL
& TREAT
TECH
X



X
X



X

X




X

X

COST &
ENERGY
ISSUES

X




X
X
X

X
X


X


X
X
X
CURRENT
REGUL.
REQ.










X

X







       12

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     TABLE 2.1 (cont'd)



REFERENCE/SUBJECT MATRIX
                                 Sec. 2.3
RECORD
NO.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
INDUSTRY
PROFILE
X




X



X

X






X

DESCRIP.
OF
PROCESSES
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X

WASTE
STREAM
CHARACT.
X




X



X






X

X
X
CONTROL
& TREAT
TECH
X



X




x



X



X
X
X
COST &
ENERGY
ISSUES
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X

X
X



X

X

CURRENT
REGUL.
REQ.




X



X
X

X




X
X
X

     13

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     TABLE 2.1 (cont'd)



REFERENCE/SUBJECT MATRIX
                                 Sec. 2.3
RECORD
NO.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
INDUSTRY
PROFILE












X





X

DESCRIP.
OF
PROCESSES
X
X


X
X
' X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
WASTE
STREAM
CHARACT.

X
X








X
X

X
X
X



CONTROL
& TREAT
TECH

X



X





X
X



X



COST &
ENERGY
ISSUES

X

X

X
X

X
X


X

X





CURRENT
REGUL.
REQ.








X



X
X
X
X
X



     14

-------
Sec. 3.3
Chapter 3

INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
3.1 Overview of the Industry
Another major project task was the compilation of a comprehensive industry
profile.

Earlier Agency studies, and more specifically work performed under contract to
the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) regarding the proposed rules for making used oil a
hazardous waste, indicated the existence,of an unorganized used oil management
system in this country. Figure 3.1 summarizes the flow of oil from generators within that
system into the three basic types of companies within the management system.

Independent collectors collect an extimated 25% of the used oil passing from the
generators. The majority of the used oil entering the system, 75%, is directly collected
by companies involved in processing (reclaiming) or re-refining the oil. The independent
collectors sell about 62% of the oil they collect to either the reclaimers or re-refiners.
Therefore, 90% (605.2 million gallons in 1983) of the oil entering the management system
is assumed to be processed to some degree. The studies further indicate that
approximately two-thirds of the processed oil is handled by major processor (reclaimer)
facilities; 20% by minor processor (reclaimer) facilities; and about 14% by re-refinery
facilities.

Because more than 90% of the used oil entering the system ends up at either the
processors (reclaimers) or re-refiners, and because it is within these two basic recycling
types that processing waste streams would occur, it was decided that these entities
should comprise the industry profile.

Facilities within the industry were classified under two distinct recycling
categories; reclaimers (processors) and re-refiners. Detailed descriptions of the two and
their differences are more fully explained in Section 3.3. In compiling the profile, an
attempt was made to categorize specific information on each, including name, size,
geographic location, processes, waste stream generation, permit status, etc., to name a
few.
15

-------
Sec. 3.2
3.2 Industry Profile Sources
Various available sources were used in order to compile the Industry Profile.
From the outset, information from previous reports prepared for the Office of Solid Waste
(OSW) at EPA pertaining to used waste oil were used.

A second source for the listings was a state-by-starte telephone survey of state
permitting agency personnel, and/or designated state used oil authorities. Telephone
communications with the cognizant persons were conducted using a simple question
and answer approach. In accordance with the Section 3.3 definition of a re-refiner, the
contacts were asked whether or not re-refiners existed within the state. The contacts
were also asked whether their permit files indicated the existence of sources within the
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) number 2992. In several instances the contacts
were able to provide lists of used oil re-refining facilities and processors that existed in
the area.

The Duns Market Identifier System (DMI) was polled for those facilities within SIC
2992. In excess of 800 facilities fell within this listing. The list was further reduced by
evaluating specific data elements within the listing, namely, manufacturing indicator and
the DMI line of business identifier. It must be noted that in both the Duns and State
contacts listings any facilities whose name included the "re-refining" or "processors"
terms within the company name were initially considered to be categorized accordingly.
The continuing task of verifying whether they were either "re-refiners" or "processors"
within the project's definitions was an ongoing task.

Perhaps most useful were the lists of existing re-refiners within the Association of
Petroleum Re-Refiners (APR), and the corresponding list of existing
processors/reclaimers within the National Oil Recyclers Association (NORA). These lists
were reportedly composed of only active members of these organizations. Their
importance rests not only in their clearly identifying existing facilities, but also in the
historical resource and industry contacts they provided.

Tables 3.1 and 3.2 present the lists of processors/ reclaimers and re-refiners,
respectively. In an attempt to improve on the profile informsition that had been compiled,
a second telephone survey was conducted. In many instances, company
representatives were unwilling to discuss the types of details requested, and quite
frequently refused to give any responses.
16

-------
Sec. 3.3
3.3 Industry Description

As indicated earlier, the study has relied on SIC Codes, ASTM Standards and
previous Agency studies in order to define and characterize the Industry. Those facilities
within the "Used Oil Management System" which generate a waste stream as a function
of their processing used oil were to be included, i.e., reclaimers/processors and re-
refiners. Reclaimers and processors for the most part use simple processing technology
in order to return the used oil into the market place for some sort of further use. Within
this category there are two subcategories, minor and major processors. Re-refiners, on
the other hand, are distinguished by the fact that they: (1) use more sophisticated,
complex processing technology, and (2) generate a high quality lube stock. The
following sections further define and distinguish the characteristics of those facilities
included within the Industry.

Minor Processors

Minor processors are members of the used oil management system who collect
used oil from generators and used oil collection sites. Minor processors use the most
simplistic of processing technology and, as indicated in Figure 3.1, handle approximately
3.3 times (284 million gallons) less oil than the major processors. They separate water
and some solids from the oil using simple settling technology, i.e., physical methods.

Primarily, only in-line filtering and gravity settling with or without heat addition is
used. Process equipment includes pumps, flexible hoses, storage tanks, rigid above or
below ground pipe, and heating devices.

The general markets for minor processors' product oil are direct fuel sales, virgin
fuel oil dealers, non-fuel industrial uses, road oiling, re-refiners, and major processors.
The objective of a minor processor is to improve oil quality to some degree, making it an
acceptable product for various markets. Quality improvement usually means the
separation of unwanted materials from the oil, thus creating waste products. Figure 3.2
is a schematic block diagram of a minor processor system.

Major Processors

Major processors are members of the used oil management system who collect
used oil from generators, who may buy used oil from independent collectors, and who
process the oil to remove water and solid contaminants. Processing technologies differ
and include various combinations of several available methods including screen filtration,
heated settling, centrifugation, light fraction distillation, and blending. Processed oil is
sold to fuel oil dealers, direct to burners, as road oil, and to other miscellaneous users.
17

-------
Sec. 3.3
A major processor is more sophisticated than a minor processor with respect to
processing technology. In addition to the processing equipment used to carry out the
minor processor's simple treatment steps (storage tanks, pumps, flexible hoses, rigid
above or below ground metal pipe, and heating devices), a major processor uses other
tertiary treatment devices to further increase oil quality or to blend or mix materials into
the oil. Additional equipment which is used includes distillation towers, large filter
screens, centrifuges, agitators, and blending devices. Figure 3.3 summarizes the major
processor system, including waste generation and management.

Re-Refiners

Re-refiners are the most sophisticated members of the used oil management
system with respect to processing technologies. These companies collect used oil from
generators or buy used oil from independent collectors. The oil is processed to give a
recycled lube oil capable of being reused for its original purpose. A light hydrocarbon
fuel is produced as a co-product of each of the four or five basic re-refining technologies
currently in operation in the United States.

Unlike the simplistic processor technologies, re-refining operations are much
more complex. The major distinct types of re-refining technologies are as follows:

o solvent treatment/distillation/hydrotreating

o acid/clay treatment

o vacuum distillation/clay polishing

o chemical treatment/demetallization/clay polishing

Of all current re-refineries, most of them are based on the distillation process. A
few still remain that are based on the acid/clay re-refining process. This process was
the predominant process two decades ago. In the acid/clay re-refining process,
dehydrated waste oil is cooled and mixed with 5% to 6% of concentrated sulfuric acid,
which is mixed vigorously and then allowed to settle. The tarry acid sludge is drawn off
the bottom of the settling units and disposed of. The separated oil is contacted with
approximately one pound of clay per gallon of oil. The oil/day slurry is then reheated to
5QQ-6QO degrees F for several hours to neutralize any excess acid and to reduce the
color and odor of the oil. After the oil is filtered to remove the clay, it is subjected to
vacuum distillation to separate it into its viscosity components. A problem with the
acid/clay process and a reason for its decrease in use is the problem of disposing of
acid sludges. As pollution control laws have become more strict, it has become more
difficult and more costly to dispose of the hazardous acid sludges.
18

-------
Sec. 3.3
Most current re-refineries have switched to using the physical process of
distillation to separate the lubricating oil from other material. As in the acid/clay process,
a vacuum distillation step follows the distillation process to further separate the oil into
the different components.

A final step that has been getting recent attention is hydrotreating. The distillate
fraction from vacuum fractionation is mixed with hydrogen gas and hydrotreated over a
catalyst bed to yield a final product.

3.4 Process Descriptions

3.4.1 Minor/Major Processor

As indicated in the previous section, minor and major processors use in-line
filtering and gravity settling with or without heat addition. As a further distinction, the
major processors use other treatment devices to increase oil quality. The additional
equipment includes distillation towers, large filter screens, centrifuges, agitators, and
blending devices.

Cehtrifugation

Centrifugation is sedimentation with mechanically enhanced gravitation. Large,
commercially available centrifuges operate at 2,000-4,000 times gravity (G). Thus,
separations that take hours in gravity devices are accomplished in seconds in a
centrifuge. Centrifuges are available with a perforate bowl and used for granular or
crystalline precipitates. For sludges, a solid bowl centrifuge must be used.

The most versatile solid bowl centrifuge is a decanter. Decanters have two
rotating elements, the bowl and a helical screw that rotates in the same direction as the
bowl but at a slightly slower speed. The feed is introduced through the central shaft and
thence through ports into the bowl of the centrifuge where it is rapidly accelerated to the
speed of the bowl to form a relatively thin layer against the wall of the bowl. The depth of
the liquid layer is controlled by an adjustable weir over which the clarified liquid
discharges. The solids or sludge is pushed to the opposite end by the screw conveyer.
At this end of the centrifuge the bowl narrows; as the solids are moved down this portion
of the bowl, termed the beach, they are removed from the liquid, dried and then
discharged. Figure 3.4 shows a schematic of a vertical centrifuge commonly used.
19

-------
Sec. 3.1
Screen Filtration

Filtration is a process used to screen out large impurities found in used oil. This
process is generally used before more complex processing takes place. Filtration
utilizes a filter cake method for filtering the oil. Filtration is accomplished by conventional
means (i.e., vertical leaf or plate and frame filters) with filter cake dump at time intervals
that depend on specific size and plant design.

Settling

In order to size equipment for continuous gravity settling, two factors must be
determined: the overflow or rise rate and the retention time necessary to concentrate
the underflow to the desired consistency.

Typically, in continuous gravity settling, the particulate-bearing solution is
introduced into the feedwell located in the center of a circular settling basin and flows
toward the outer circumference with a more-or-Iess uniform horizontal velocity. The
particles have downward velocity induced by gravity and will be removed if the settled
velocity is such that the particles settle a given distance before they traverse the basin.
The distance is governed by the settling characteristics of the particles and the upward
rise rate and horizontal velocity of the liquid. The upflow of clarified liquid must be less
than the downward velocity of the settling particles to permit liquid-solid separation.

Thus, the overflow rate or rise rate relates the settling velocity to the liquid flow
rate and is used to determine the area required for clarification to be accomplished. As
the particles settle close to the bottom of the clarifier, they begin to settle more slowly
because of interaction between particles. Thus, extra time or tank volume may be
required to reach the underflow concentration desired.

3.4.2 Simple Processors

Distillation

Distillation towers are used to evaporate light fuel fractions and water from the
waste water.
20

-------
Sec. 3.3
3.4.3 Re-Refining

Solvent Treatment

Solvent treatment of used lube oil can be used in place of acid treatment. The
purpose is to remove not only metals but complex organics found in the oil as well. This
process is performed before distillation and after initial filtering and is more effective than
acid removal because of organic extraction.

The lube oil enters the solvent extraction vessel, mixes with the solvent, which is a
mixture, and then separates into two phases, oil and solvent. While the oil and solvent
are mixing, the metals and polar organics will dissolve in the solvent phase, thus leaving
the oil phase. The oil phase then goes on to distillation or further extraction, while the
solvent phase is treated or disposed of.

The organic material that can dissolve in the solvent are halogens that are polar
and can readily dissolve in the alcohols and ketones that are in the solvent. A strong
acid might not dissolve this type of organic, material due to weak ionization potential as
opposed to a heavy metal. However, any non-polar organics like benzene cannot
dissolve in the solvent and will remain in the oil. Figure 3.5 illustrates a very basic
diagram of a typical solvent treatment tank.

Acid/Clay Treatment

One method of re-refining used lube oil is acid/clay extraction. It is a simple
method for removing impurities. The impurities are heavy metals and complex organics
that come from the car engines and industrial boilers, as well as improper storage of the
used oil. This is a physical process done continuously by the methods of extraction and
adsorption.

The first step of the process is acid extraction. The used lube oil is contacted
with concentrated sulfuric acid and then it separates into two phases: the lube oil phase,
and the aqueous phase. Metals in the lube oil extract into the acid due to the solubility of
the metals. The lube oil then goes on to the next step and the used acid gets disposed
of.

In the clay adsorption phase, the oil passes through a clay bed adsorbing any left
over metals, complex organics, and inert materials. After the oil passes through the bed,
it goes on to vacuum distillation, or gets recycled through acid extraction. When the clay
reaches maximum adsorption capacity, a solvent passes through the bed for
regeneration. The solvent then gets disposed of. Figure 3.6 illustrates a typical
acid/clay re-refining management system.
21

-------
Sec. 3.3
Distillation

Distillation can refer to simple heating of a liquid to vaporization and then
condensation of the vapors, or it can be a complicated process using packed towers,
steam, and vacuum to separate the liquid into fractions. Many petroleum purifying
processes use distillation as a dehydration step. Most distillation processes include
other steps, such as pretreatment with solvents, acid, caustic, clay, or hydrogen. Figure
3.7 illustrates a schematic of a 7 plate distillation tower.

Vacuum Distillation

Vacuum distillation is a very important process in oil re-refining. The purpose is
to separate out of the used oil what is similar to the viscosity of lube oil. This process is
essential after any type of treatment that removes contaminants of used oil, because of
the importance of viscosity of lube oil.

The vacuum distillation column is operated at about 5mm Hg absolute. The
reason for this is to prevent cracking and coking of the oil. The process then separates
out the oil into different components depending on different viscosity ranges. After each
distillate stream is set back to ambient conditions, the one that is most representative of
lube oil is used. All the other streams do not have to go to waste and can be burned as
fuel. The distilled oil could be further distilled into lower range viscosity components for
better quality of oil.

Contaminants in the oil, especially organic halogens can cause a diversion in the
viscosity and boiling point of the oil. If the oil were distilled with a halogen dissolved in
the oil, the viscosity range of the lube oil could be greatly affected by the halogen
resulting in little of the refined oil to be used. Therefore, solvent treatment to remove
organic halogens must be used before distillation for more efficient results. Figure 3.8
illustrates a typical vacuum distillation re-refining management system.

Clay Polishing

The clay-polishing process generally requires higher temperatures and more clay
than do virgin-derived lube stocks. This is attributed to traces of metals and
oxygenates left after solvent precipitation and distillation. Typically, about 0.4 pound of
an activated bleaching clay such as Filtrol 20 is used per gallon of oil, and the
temperature is elevated to near 425 degrees F with steam sparge to produce an oil with
a color of about 1-1/2 and a bland odor. Clay is removed by means of a filter press, and
the oil is subsequently reformulated with appropriate additives for the designated
service.
22

-------
Sec. 3,3
The process yields are typically 70 to 75 percent based upon the dry oil
feedstock or near 90 percent on a oil-only basis. Since the sludges produced from both
the solvent treatment and the distillation step are essentially neutral, they offer potential
for use in roofing and road asphalt applications.

Clay-contacting is usually considered as a finishing step to other processes to
decolorize the end product.

A comparison of hydrofinishing verses clay-contacting in the solvent-distillation
process concluded that in the process cost for either finishing step was nearly the same.
Clay-contacting requires less expensive equipment, less skilled labor, and more flexibility
than hydrofinishing. However, clays do remove contaminants other than color bodies as
can be seen by comparison of the clay-contacted oil with the distilled only fractions in a
study of the solvent/distillation process. Acid number, base number, insolubles, sulfur,
phosphorus, zinc, and sodium were all reduced by the clay treatment.

Hydrotreating

Hydrotreating has emerged as the technology of the future as the final step in
waste-oil re-refining. There is little or no by-products which are organics. It is effective in
reducing odor and color in the oil in order to make it marketable. Usually hydrotreating
is used after distillation and the purpose is to remove any remaining contaminants which
can later be burned.

The first step in hydrotreating is to react the oil with hydrogen. Then the oil
temperature and pressure is increased, but not too much so cracking cannot occur.
Afterwards, the oil is passed through a catalyst bed basically made of alumina. Here the
hydrogen introduced earlier is released to a furnace, taking any contaminant with it. The
products that evolve are a refined used oil, and gases which include hydrocarbons and
water vapor. The hydrocarbons can be burned as fuel.

The major contaminants that hydrotreating takes out are non-polar organics,
which have similar viscosity to lube oil. The alumina bed can absorb the complex
organics while letting the lube oil pass through. This is because the complex organics
have a larger molecular structure than that of the oil. Also, any metals can be absorbed
in the alumina as well. After the contaminants are removed from the alumina, any
remaining metals can be removed by solvent extraction, and the organics can be burned
as fuel.
23

-------
Sec. 3.5
This process, even though it is relatively new, looks like the major step in re-
refining. It is used only to improve the quality of the used oil for marketing purposes.
Most hydrotreating processes come after vacuum distillation and is only the distilled lube
oil that passes through. It is most effective after all other processes are used to remove
contaminants, including metals.

3.5 Wastes Generated from Re-Refining Processes

There is a common group of waste products associated with all processing and
re-refining operations. These commonly generated wastes are: settled sludges,
wastewater, spent clays, distillation bottoms, and filter cakes.

Settled Sludges

Settled sludges can result from storage of used oil or as part of the processing to
remove water and solids from the oil. The bottom sediment and water content of settled
sludges ranges from 30 to 90 percent. Some collectors and processors do not
acknowledge the presence of settled material; instead, they routinely pump their tanks
dry. Other processors separate this material and pass it on to a more sophisticated
processor for additional treatment and oil recovery.

Wastewater

During processing, a distinct free-water fraction is separated from used oils. This
is in addition to the water which is tied up in oil-emulsions which comprise much of a
settled sludges. The differences in wastewater composition and used oil composition
are dependent upon the solubility of the constituents in the water and oil phases.

The metals remain in the oil rather than the wastewater. A low median metals
concentration in wastewater is due to a small amount of oil which remains in the
separated water fraction.

Spent Clays

Clays are primarily used for lube oil polishing by re-refiners, but they find
application as a used oil filtration media. Metals content is lowest in spent clays used to
polish lube oils from distillation/clay re-refining processes. The highest levels are
reported for clay used in contact filtration processing and chemical treatment/clay bead
re-refining. Intermediate levels result from acid/clay re-refining facilities. Most spent
clays have insignificant levels of chlorinated and aromiatic solvents because these
contaminants are separated from the used oil prior to contacting the clay.
24

-------
                                                                         Sec. 3.5


       Higher weight hydrocarbons such as PCBs  (polychlorinated  biphenyls) and
PNAs (polynuclear aromatics) may be present in spent clay at levels directly related to
their concentration in the used oil.   Therefore,  significant contamination by  these
constituents is possible.

Distillation Bottoms

       Re-refiners who use distillation processes  generate distillation bottoms  which
may be marketed as asphalt extenders or disposed  of in some manner.  The distillation
process concentrates the metals from the used oil into the bottoms material. Therefore,
the metals content is directly related to levels in the used oil.

Other Wastes Generated

       In  addition to the four major wastes discussed, re-refiners  and processors
generate several others. They are as follows:

  o tank bottoms from storage/settling tanks

  o  solvent sludges from re-refining

  o acid sludge from re-refining

  o ultrafiltrate solids

  o centrifuge sludge

  o activated carbon from re-refining

  o filter cake from re-refining

  o filter sludge from screen filtration  .

       All of these materials are contaminated by heavy metals.  Lead concentrations
are particularly  high, with concentrations above 10,000 ppm common for some of the
re-refining sludges and filter  cakes.  The  simple screen  filtration processes are not
efficient methods to remove metals from used oil, so those sludges have the lowest
metal concentration of these residues.
                                       25

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Source: 0.0.E. "Comparison of Sludge Separation Processes in the BERC Used Lubricating Oil Re-Refining Process", 1979


                                     29

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                                                                  33
-------
                                                                                        Sec. 3.5
                              Table 3.1: Industry Profile - Processors/Reclaimers
Facility
  Ho.
       Name/Location
  Dun &       State
Bradstreet   Contact
  P-1        Auburn University
             University, AL


  P-2        Capitol  Fuel Co.
             HanceviUe, AL


  P-3        Oil  Reclamation, Inc.
             Muscle Shoals, AL


  P-4        Performance Advantage, Inc.
             Ueogufka, AL


  P-5        Crosby & Overton,  Inc.
             Long Beach, CA
  P-6        H & H  Ship Service Co.
             San Francisco, CA
  P-7        Leach  Oil Co.,  Inc.
             Compton, CA


  P-8        Oil  Process Co./Oil Inc.
             Los  Angeles, CA
  P-9
Omega Oil Co.
Pomona, CA
  P-10       Triad Marine/Ind. Cleaning Corp.
             San Diego, CA


  P-11       Waste Oil Recovery Systems, Inc.


  P-12       Advance Petroleum Inc.
             Conley, GA
  P-13       Citgo Petroleum Corp.
             Cicero,  IL
  P-14
Core-Lube, Inc.
Georgetown, IL
  P-15      American Recovery Co., Inc.
            East Chicago, IL
                                           34
-------
                                             TABLE 3.1 (cont'd)


                                    Industry Profile - Processors/Reclaimers
                                                                                       Sec. 3.5
Facility
  No.
  P-16
                   Name/Location
             Bentex Corp.
             East Chicago, IN
  Dun &       State
Bradstreet   Contact
  P-17       Oil Technology, Inc.
             Hobart,  IN
  P-18       Reclaimed Energy Co.
             Indianapolis, IN


  P-19       Wayne Reclamation & Recycling
             Columbia City, IN


  P-20       Oil Reclaiming Co., Ltd.
             Seward, KS


  P-21        Amber Oil Process Co., Inc.
             Highland, MI


  P-22       Edwards Oil Service, Inc,
             Detroit, HI


  P-23       Econ, Inc.
             Bismarck, ND


  P-24        General Crude Processing
             Flora Vista, NM


  P-25        Buckeye Amber Oil,  Inc.
             Woodville, OH
 P-26
            Keenan Oil Co.
            Cincinnati, OH
 P-27       Baumgardner Oil  Co.
            Fayetteville,  PA


 P-28       Petrocon Corp.
            FeasterviIle,  PA
 P-29
            Gross Lab
            Greer, SC
                                          35
-------
                                             TABLE 3.1 (confd)


                                    Industry Profile - Processors/Reclaimers
                                                                                       Sec. 3.5
Facility
                   Name/Location
  Dun & '
Bradstreet
State
  P-30       Stablex
             Racquet, SC


  P-31       Renewable Energy Corp.
             Hanvel, TX


  P-32       Golden Eagle Refinery, Inc.
             Woods  Cross, UT


  P-33       Intermountain Oil Co.
             Woods  Cross, UT


  P-34       Solvex USA, Inc.
             Alexandria, VA


  P-35       Chemical Processors, Inc.
             Seattle, WA


  P-36       Fuel Processors, Inc.
             Woodland, WA


  P-37       Petroleum Reclaiming Services
             Tacoma, WA


  P-38       Tri-State Oil Reclaimers
             Newcastle, WY
                                          36
-------
                                      Table 3.2: Industry Profile - Re-Refiners
                                                                                          Sec. 3.5
Facility
  No.
                   Name/Location
  Dun &      State
Bradstreet  Contact  A.P.R.
  R-1      California  Oil Recyclers, Inc.
          San Carlos,  CA


  R-2      Demenno-Kerdoon
          Compton,  CA


  R-3      KTI  Group/Used Oil Division
          Irvine, CA


  R-4      Lubrication Company of America
          Los  Angeles, CA


  R-5      Nelco Oil Refining Corp.
          National  City, CA


  R-6      Petroleum Recycling, Inc.
          Signal Hill, CA


  R-7      Talley Brothers, Inc.
          Huntington Park, CA


  R-8      Davis Refining Corp.
          Tallahassee, FL


  R-9      Coastal Refining Corp.
          Savannah, GA


  R-10     Moreco Energy, Inc.
          Springfield, IL


  R-11     Horeco Energy, Inc.
          McCook, IL


  R-12     Cam-Or, Inc.
          Uestville, IN


  R-13     Consolidated Recycling Co.  Inc.
          Troy, IN


  R-14     ILWD, Inc.
          Indianapolis, IN


 R-15    Midland Refining
         Witchita,  KA
                                            37
-------
                                               TABLE 3.2 (cont'd)


                                           Industry Profile - Re-Refiners
                                                                                         Sec. 3.5
Facility
  Ho.
         Hame/Locatlon
  Dun &      State
Bradstreet  Contact  A..P.R.
  R-16    Louisiana Oil Re-Refining Co.
          Baton Rouge, LA


  R-17    Dearborn Refining Co.
          Dearborn, HI


  R-18    Warden Oil Co.
          Minneapolis, HH


  R-19    Amoco Petroleum Additives
          Natchees, MS


  R-20    Midwest Oil Refining Co., Inc.
          St. Louis, HO


  R-21    Booth Oil Co., Inc.
          Buffalo, NY


  R-22    Double Eagle Refining Co.
          Oklahoma City, OK
  R-23
Merit U.S.A.
Portland, OR
  R-24    Berks Associates,  Inc.
          Douglassvilie,  PA
  R-E5
Petrocon Corp.
Hodena, PA
  R-26    Cam-Or of Texas,  Inc.
          Houston,  TX


  R-27    Crozier-Nelson Chemicals
          Houston,  TX


  R-28    Gurley Refining Co.,  Inc.
          Kilgore,  TX


  R-29    Horeco Energy,  Inc.
          Houston,  TX


  R-30    Eko-Tek Lube,  Inc.
          Salt Lake City, UT
                                             38
-------
                                                                       Sec. 4.4
                                   Chapter 4

                         WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
4.1 Waste Characterization Objectives


       This  section  presents  information on  the various  aspects of a  combined
wastewater and  solid waste screen sampling program at four (4) re-refineries.  The
purpose of the program was to gather data on the types and levels of pollutants, and to
characterize selected waste streams generated within the re-refinery oil recycling source
category.  A similar  screen sampling  program may be undertaken for the reclaimer
(processor) oil recycling source category.  ,

       It is noted that re-refinery anonymity has been maintained in the presentation of
the results. This was  specifically requested by those re-refiners who participated.


4.2 Sampling Strategy


       From the outset of the study it was realized that sample data acquisition would be
an important aspect of the program.  For this reason, this particular phase of the project
was  planned and  reviewed by the project team  well in advance of the actual field
sampling task.

      Pre-sampling   interviews  with  the  designated  re-refinery  contacts yielded
information on the potential number and types of samples available. This information
was  used as an aid  to the logistical  planning of the sampling program.  Table 4.1
provides general re-refinery  information.

      Process and flow schematic diagrams were not available for inclusion in this
version of the document.   However, the analytical data presented in Appendix A are
documented by each type of waste stream sampled at each facility. The waste streams
are indicative of the types of process technologies at each facility.
                                      39
-------
                                                                        Sec. 4.2
      As the analytical results in Section 4.4 indicate, a total of 48 screen sampling
pollutant sets were collected at the four re-refining facilities sampled.   Eleven distinct
wastestreams were sampled, of which six (6) were water related (pretreated influents,
scrubber effluent, dissolved air flotation effluent, filter effluent, stripper effluent, and end-
of-pile effluent); and five (5) were solids (distillation bottoms, spent clay, filter cake, spent
carbon, and DAF sludge). Section 4.4 presents the analytical results for pollutant types
and wastestreams on a facility-by-facility basis.

Anaiytes Selected

       The analytes selected for testing were those on various regulatory lists, including,
but not limited to  priority pollutants appendix C list, and  analytes  specific to  ITD
programs.    As  indicated in the matrix  provided  in  Table 4.2,  the list included
conventional,  non-conventionals, ICP  & AA metals, ICP screening  metals, RCRA
characteristics,  including dioxins and furans,  and organics.  Tables 4.3 through  4.5  ,
located at the end of this chapter, present the lists of the specific analytes tested for in
the project.

       The organic and metals analytes  are further sulbclassified according to the
analytical method employed.  Volatiles is that fraction of the organic analytes which is
purged from the waters and sludges for determination by GCMS, whereas semi-volatiles
is  that  fraction that has been  extracted.   Organic analytes  are  specific chemical
compounds based on carbon chemistry; metals are chemical elements, substances that
cannot be divided without altering their  physical and chemical properties; and for the
most part, the conventional pollutants are those  chemical substances  that  have
historically  been  used  to assess the performance of water treatment plants and  for
assessing water quality.

       In addition, certain sample sets were leached using EPA's Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP).  The leachate extracts from this procedure were tested for
a subset of organics and metals.
                                                  •yt
Sampling Activities

       Sampling was conducted in September and December of 1986 and in March of
1987.  The sampling periods lasted from two to three consecutive days, between
Monday and  Friday  of the  week.    Depending   on  process  and wastestream
configurations,  and on operations in effect at the time sampling was conducted, the
samples were either 24  hour composites or grab type samples.  Grab samples  for
volatile organics  (VGA's) was always the rule.  Grab  samples were also taken where
prescribed by EPA's sampling protocol.
                                       40
-------
                                                                        Sec. 4.2


       On occasion, as dictated by sample point configuration, samples were grabbed
via an intermediate vessel. This method of sampling is a modification to the protocol for
fractions such as oil and grease and volatile organics where the sample container is
supposed to be filled  directly from  the  wastewater stream.   This  modification was
necessitated for safety and practical reasons. In all cases where an intermediate beaker
was used, it was used exclusively at one point for the duration of sampling at the facility;
it was repeatedly purged with fresh sample before each sample was collected.

       Sample points within each facility were selected so that the water and solid
streams  sampled best characterized the wastestreams from which  they were taken.
While in some instances they may appear self explanatory, the following briefly describes
the sample streams collected:

Water Sampling

   o  Influent - untreated process waste waters

   o  Scrubber Effluent - flue gas scrubber water

   o  DAF Effluent - water effluents from a DAF

   o  Filter Effluent - water effluents from a filtration system

   o  Stripper Effluent - sour water stripper effluent

   o  End-of-Pipe Effluent - final discharge to sanitary sewer system

Solids Sampling

   o  Distillation Bottoms-asphalt flux extender

   o  Spent Clay - waste clay resulting from various lube oil polishing practices

   o  Filter Cake - waste clay resulting from various clay contact filtration practices

   o  Spent Carbon - activated carbon treatment wastes

   o  DAF Sludge - skimmed sludge from DAF system
                                       41
-------
                                                                       Sec. 4.3
4.3 Analytical Methods
Analyses Performed

       Samples were tested by laboratories using EPA analytical methods.  Nearly all of
these methods are either approved wastewater methods (CWA 304(h)), proposed or
approved methods for testing wastes  (RCRA SW-846,  TCLP), or Superfund Contract
Laboratory Program methods. The methods used are summarized in Table 4.6, which is
provided at the end of this chapter. In selecting between available methods, EPA chose
methods that  it believed would produce  results meeting Project requirements.  The
SW-846 and 304(h) methods were drawn upon most heavily because of their direct
applicability to the samples that were expected to be encountered. Other consideration
were:

  o   EPA's experience in managing laboratories using a given method or method set.
      For example, EPA has used Methods 1624  and 1625 in testing  untreated and
      treated waste waters and in-process streams from a diversity of industries since
      1980 and thus  has extensive  experience in applying the methods to samples
      containing the complex mixtures of  organic compounds that were anticipated in
      the Project.

  o   Having contracts in  place that would permit the analyses to be performed in
      accordance with the Project schedule. At the  time of Project inception, ITD had in
      place contracts for testing the organic, metal, and inorganic analytes requires for
      this Project. Alternate methods would have necessitated contract modifications or
      award of new contracts.

  o   Quality assuring results with these methods.  ITD has in place a computerized
      system for quality assuring results from analysis using Methods 1624 and 1625.
      Although it would have been possible to apply the QA system to analysis of the
      same list of organic analytes using SW-846 or superfund CLP methods, ITD had
      extensive experience with the quality assurance system using Methods 1624 and
      1625, and would have had to proof-test the QA system with alternative methods
      prior  to their use.

Data Quality Considerations

       Analytical data can provide meaningful results oniy If accurate records are kept of
tine samples that have been collected, the location and techniques of collection, and any
process or  treatment system conditions that could affect analytical results. All sampling
for the project was performed by Data Technology Research,  Inc.  in accordance with
applicable Agency procedures.
                                      42
-------
                                                                       Sec. 4.4
       Quality of laboratory analyses was assured by the quality assurance department
in each individual laboratory.  Results from each laboratory were further quality assured
by the EPA Sample Control Center (SCC).  Information flow related to sampling, sample
analysis,  data reporting,  data validation, and  statistical analysis was controlled by
Sample Control Center.


4.4 Sampling Program Results


Sampling QA/QC

       The objectives of the sampling portion of the Project were to collect technical
information and samples at the designated sites.  All sampling activities were conducted
in accordance with site specific sampling plans and the overall Project Sampling Quality
Assurance/Quality Control Plan.

       The sample tracking system was  quality assured.   Each  sample container
included  EPA's Sample Control Center code number, bottle number, source, collection
date, fractions to be analyzed, and  preservatives used.  SCC  Traffic Reports were
completed for all sample sets and accompanied each sample shipment to its appropriate
laboratory. Laboratory Chronicles, data sheets, magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, and all
other entities relating to each  sample were maintained by the responsible agent.

       Information about daily sampling activities were recorded in field logbooks. Any
unusual occurrences in facility operations or in sampling procedures that could affect
analytical results or sample  validity were noted.   If any changes from standard field
protocols were necessary, they, too, were documented.

       The following section provides summaries of the data collected at the four re-
refiners sampled. The Agency will be evaluating and interpreting  the analytical data as
part of the continuing efforts  for this industry review. This report draws no conclusions
or inferences from the data compiled at this point. Interpretations and findings derived
from the  data will be contained in future reports that will be available for public comment.

       A somewhat  detailed summary, including EPA Sample Control Center (SCC)
sample number, episode number, sample location, collection method, etc., is provided in
Table 4.7, which is also located at the end of this chapter.

       Analytical results are presented in  Appendix A,  Tables A-1  through A-32.  A
summary of the sequence in which the data is presented is as follows:
                                       43
-------
                                                                       Sec. 4.4
Index of Data Tables

Appendix A
Table Numbers

A-1 through A-9

A-1 through A-4

A-5 through A-9


A-10 through A-18

A-10 through A-13

A-14 through A-18


A-19 through A-27

A-19 through A-22

A-23 through A-27
Chemical Analyses

Conventional/Non-Conventional Parameters

Water Samples Results by Facility

Solid Samples Results by Waste Stream Type


Organics (Volatiles, Semi-Volatiles)

Water Samples Results by Facility

Solid Samples Results by Waste Stream


Metals (ICP Screening, ICP & AA Metals)

Water Samples Results by Facility

Solid Samples Results by Waste Stream Type
A-28 through A-32
RCRA Characteristics (TCLP Organics and Metals,
Dioxins, PCB's) by Soiids Waste Stream Type
4.5 Additional Waste Related Information
Toxic Constituents of Concern

      As indicated in the literature, used oil typically contains a number of toxicants in
concentrations well  above those necessary to cause  harm.  These constituents,
including lead, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,  1,1,1-trichloroethane, napthalene,
and toluene, have been measured in used oils.  Previous Agency surveys have shown
the occurrence of the following contaminant levels; lead at 1200 ppm, naphthalene at
990  ppm,  tetrachloroethylene at  1300 ppm,  1,1,1-trichloroethane  at 3100  ppm,
trichloroethylene at 1000 ppm and toluene at 5000 ppm.  In used oil, therefore, these
constituents are present at levels of from 102 to 107 higher  than any health based
standards  as indicated in Table  A-33.   Therefore,  only a small  percentage of the
                                       44
-------
                                                                        Sec. 4.5
toxicants would need to migrate  from the was the waste and  escape  into the
environment at levels above the reported health-based standards.

Mobility Potential

       The water solubility of a given toxic constituent is indicative of its mobility potential
(i.e., the likelihood that it will be released from a management site and become dissolved
in a water resource of concern).  The used oil constituents of concern are highly water
soluble and thus characterized by a high mobility potential. The solubilities are many
orders of magnitude greater than their respective Ambient Water Quality Criteria levels
and designated Drinking Water Standards.  If improperly managed, these toxicants can
be  expected to migrate from storage or disposal facilities and to become dissolved in
drinking water resources at levels exceeding applicable health standards.

       For example, trichloroethylene is soluble in water at concentrations which exceed
the long-term   Suggested  No  Adverse  Response Level (SNARL) by a factor  of
approximately 13,000.   If  improperly  managed,  leachate  from wastes  containing
trichloroethylene could migrate to water supplies resulting in concentration levels far in
excess of the corresponding long-term  SNARL.  Tetrachloroethylene is  similarly very
soluble in water at concentrations exceeding the long-term SNARL by a factor of 75,000.
Furthermore, since the used oil itself is a liquid, the  potential for these toxicants  to
migrate from the waste is enhanced.  Therefore, these toxicants are likely to escape from
the waste and migrate into ground water to present a substantial hazard to human health
and the environment.

Persistence

       Many of these constituents are highly persistent in the environment (e.g., 1,1,1-
trichloroethane has a half-life of 5-9  months in fresh water and 39 months in sea water
and tetrachloroethylene has a residence  time of several years or decades in deep soils
and ground water). Metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead will persist
in the environment indefinitely.

       The Agency considers a material to  be persistent if it persists in the environment
long enough to be detected since it  may also result in exposure to humans in the same
period of time. Most of these constituents have been repeatedly detected in ground and
surface water surveys conducted by the Agency which provides a further indication of
their environmental persistence.   For example,  in one Agency  survey of 969 water
systems, 1.4 percent of tap water  samples exceeded the 50 ppb standard for lead.
Similarly, naphthalene has  been detected in  natural waters  and in drinking water
supplies.
                                       45
-------
                                                                        Sec. 4.5
       In nationwide surveys of organic chemicals in the drinking water of representative
U.S. communities, toluene was found to contaminate one raw and eleven finished water
supplies out of the 133 water supplies surveyed. Toluene has also been detected in sea
water and fish obtained near petroleum and petrochemical plants in Japan.

       Four Federal surveys used to estimate levels of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in public
drinking water supplies in the U.S. reported that 3 percent of the groundwater systems
are expected to have between 0.5 - 5 ppb of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and that most surface
water  systems  have detectable levels  of  1,1,1-trichloroethane.    Many  of these
constituents, including used oil itself, have been found to migrate and present a hazard
to human health and the environment at Superfund sites.

        The toxicologic properties,  environmental mobility,  and persistence of these
toxicants are described in the corresponding Health and Environmental Effects Profiles.
We  note further, however, that  a  consideration of  the  toxicity of  individual waste
constituents is likely to understate waste toxicity. This understatement relates to the fact
that used oils comprise complex mixtures of many hazardous constituents. Aggregate
toxic effects, whether additive or synergistic, are likely manifestations of exposure.

       Another factor which the Administrator considers in the decision to list a waste as
hazardous  concerns  "the degree to which the constituent or any toxic degradation
product of the constituent bioaccumulates in ecosystems."   Bioaccumulation is the
tendency of a substance  to  become concentrated in living tissue.  Many of the
constituents in used oil bioaccumulate in the tissues of living organisms. Naphthalene,
for example, can accumulate in living tissues at concentrations  up to 186 times those in
the contaminated water. Toluene  can accumulate in living tissues at concentrations 78
times the concentration in  the water.   1,1,1-Trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and
trichloroethylene also bioaccumulate at 56 times, 43 times,  and  15 times their respective
concentrations  in water.  Thus, only a small fraction of the toxicants present in these
wastes need migrate and reach environmental  receptors to  pose the  potential  for
substantial harm to human health and the environment.

Waste Management Considerations

       Used oils are  capable of causing substantial harm to  human  health or the
environment, if managed improperly.

Typical improper management practices include disposal in unlined or inadequately lined
land disposal facilities  leading to contamination of  ground water, surface water, and soil,
and improper burning, resulting in  exposure to unburned toxicants in the wastes as well
as products of incomplete combustion.
                                       46
-------
                                                                        Sec. 4.5
      Appendix A df the used oil background document provides a summary of 81
major mismanagement  incidents and  the cost implications of cleanup  operations
($10,000 to $5,150,000 per site). The mismanagement issue is not confined to on-site
management of used oil, as evidenced  by the fact that seventy (70) of these incidents
occurred off the generation site. The media affected include surface water (35 sites),
ground  water (24 sites), drinking water (17 sites), air (8 sites), and soil (25 sites).

      Treatment, storage, and disposal of used oils in tank and container  storage
facilities  (25  sites),  surface impoundments  (36  sites), and  other  improper disposal
facilities  (35  sites),  burning operations  (7 sites),  and  use of waste  oil  as  a  dust
suppressant (3 sites) have resulted in the pollution of ground or surface water with lead,
chlorinated organics, or aromatic organics from these wastes.

       In summary, the  Agency  has  determined  that  used oil  can contain toxic
constituents at concentrations that are  of concern, that these constituents  are  mobile,
persistent, and bioaccumulative, and capable of migration in hazardous concentrations,
and,  therefore,   that  these  wastes are capable  of  causing  substantial  harm  if
mismanaged.
                                       47
-------
                                                                                Sec. 4.5
                            Table 4.1: General Re-Refinery Information
  Date
               Location
Sept. 1986     N-Cent./U.S.
Sept. 1986     M-Cent./U.S.
Dec. 1986     West/U.S.
Jan. 1987     West/U.S.
Feedstock








Auto/Industrial






Auto/Ind./Railroad






Auto/Ind./Rail road






Auto/Ind./Railroad
                                   48
-------
                                                                                           Sec. 4,5
                          Table 4.2: Pollutant Fractions Analyzed by Sample Type
CONVENT IONALS
LIQUID
STREAMS
SOLID
STREAMS
NON-
CONVENTIONALS
X
*
X
ORGAN I CS
**
X
***
X
ICP & AA
METALS
X
X
ICP SCREENING
METALS
X
X
RCRA
CHARACTERISTICS
X
X
*  Excluding TSS




**  Excluding LOD




***  Excluding Conductivity and TDS
                                                 49
-------
                                                                                               Sec. 4.5
                                  Table 4.3: Pollutant Fractions Analyzed
Conventionals
                         Non-Conventionals
                                                                    RCRA
BOD
TSS
Oil & Grease
BOD
TSS
Oil & Grease
P«
             Conductivity
             TDS
             Cyanide
             Sulfide
             TVO
             COD
                      TOC
                      Ammonia
                      Nitrate+Nitrate
                      Fluoride
                      Phenolics
                      Chloride
                             Ignitability
                             Corrosivity
                             Reactivity
                             PCB's
ICP and AA Hetals
Al
Sb
As
Bo
Be
B
C
Ca
Cr
Co
Cu
Fe
Pb
Hg
Hn
Kg
Ho
Ni
Se
Ag
Na
Tl
Sn
Ti
V
U
Zn
ICP Screening Hetals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
Be
Bi
B
Cd
Co
Ce
Cr
Co
Cu
Dy
Er
Eu
Ga
Ge
Au
Hf
Ho
In
I
Ir
Fe
La
Li
Lu
Pb
Hg
Hn
Hg
Ho
Nd
Ni
Nb
Os
Pd
P
Pt
K
Pr
Re
Rh
Ru
Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tm
Sn
Ti
U
U
V
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
                                                   50
-------
                                                                                                  Sec. 4.5
                                   Table 4.4: Volatile Organics Analyzed
TABLE
CODE
TESTED
 FOR
                                ANALYTE
002
003
004
006
007
010
011
013
014
015
016
017
019
023
029
030
032
033
038
044
045
046
047
048
049
050
051
085
086
087
088
514
515
516
527
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
                ACROLEIN
                ACRYLONITRILE
                BENZENE
                CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
                CHLOROBENZENE
                1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
                1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
                1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
                1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
                1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
                CHLOROETHANE
                BIS (CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER (NR)
                2-CHLOROETHYLVINYL ETHER
                CHLOROFORM
                1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
                TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE
                1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
                T-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
                ETHYLBENZENE
                METHYLENE CHLORIDE
                CHLOROMETHAME
                BROMOMETHANE
                BROMOFORM
                BROMODICHLOROHETHANE
                TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (NR)
                DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (NR)
                DIBROMOCHLOROHETHANE
                TETRACHLOROETHENE
                TOLUENE
                TRICHLOROETHENE
                VINYL CHLORIDE
                2-BUTANONE (HEK)
                DIETHYL ETHER
                ACETONE
                P-DIOXANE
                ALLYL ALCOHOL
                CARBON DISULFIDE
                2-CHLORO-1.3-BUTADIENE
                CHLOROACETONITRILE
                3-CHLOROPROPENE
                CROTONALDEHYDE
                1,2-DIBROMOETHANE (EDB)
                DIBROHOMETHANE
                TRANS-1.4-DICHLORO-2-BUTENE
                1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE
                CIS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
                ETHYL CYANIDE
                ETHYL METHACRYLATE
                2-HEXANONE
                IODOMETHANE
                ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL
                METHACRYLONITRILE
                METHYL METHACRYLATE
                4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
                1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
                TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
                1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE
                VINYL ACETATE
                                                     51
-------
                                                                  Sec. 4.5
  Table 4.5: Base-Neutral and Acid Extractable Organics Analyzed
TABLE
COPE
BASE/NEUTRAL
001
005
008
009
012
018
020
025
026
027
028
034
035
036
037
039
040
041
042
043
052
053
054
055
056
061
062
063
065
066
067
068
069
070
071
072
073
074
075
076
077
078
TESTED
FOR
EXTRACTABLES
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ANALYTE
ACENAPHTHENE
BENZIDINE
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
HEXACHLOROETHANE
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER
2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE
1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE
2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE
2,6-DINITROTOLUENE
1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE
FLUORANTHENE
4-CHLOROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
BIS (2-CHLOROISOPROPYL) ETHER
BIS (2-CHLOROETHOXY) METHANE
HEXACHLORO-1.3-BUTADIENE
HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
ISOPHORONE
NAPHTHALENE
NITROBENZENE
N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE
N-NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE
N-NITROSODI-N-PROPYLAMINE
PHENOL
BIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
DIETHYL PHTHALATE
DIMETHYL PHTHALATE
BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE
BENZO(A)PYRENE
BENZOC B> FLUORANTHENE
BENZOC K>FLUORANTHENE
CHRYSENE
ACENAPHTHYLENE
ANTHRACENE
                    52
-------
                                                                                                  Sec. 4.5
                                                         Table 4.5 (cont'd)

                                             Base/Neutral and Acid Organics Analyzed
 TABLE
 CODE
TESTED
 FOR
                                ANALYTE
 BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES  (Continued)
 079
 080
 081
 082
 083
 084
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 512
 513
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 528
 529
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
562
563
564
565
566
567
  1
  1
  1
  1
  1
  1
  1
  1
  1
  1
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
 2
 BENZO(GHI)PERYLENE
 FLUORENE
 PHENANTHRENE
 B DIBENZO
 DIPHENYLAMINE
 DIPHENYL ETHER
 ALPHA-TERPIHEOL
 STYRENE
 BIPHENYL
 P-CYHENE
 N-DECANE (N-C10)
 N-TETRADECANE (N-C14)
 N-HEXADECANE (N-C16)
 N-OCTADECANE (N-C18)
 N-EICOSANE  (N-C20)
 N-DOCOSANE  (N-C22)
 N-TETRACOSANE (N-C24)
 N-HEXACOSANE (N-C26)
 N-OCTACOSANE (N-C28)
 N-TRIACONTANE 
-------
                                                                                                 Sec. 4.5
                                                        Table 4.5 (cont'd)

                                            Base/Neutral and Acid Organics Analyzed
TABLE
COPE
TESTED
 FOR
                                AHALYTE


BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES (Continued)
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
                                5-CHLORO-O-TOLUIDINE
                                4-CHLOROANILINE
                                3-CHLORONITROBENZENE
                                0-CRESOL
                                CROTOXYPHOS
                                2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYL-P-BENZOQINO
                                2,4-DIAMINOTOLUENE
                                1.2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE
                                2,6-DICHLORO-4-NITROANILINE
                                1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPANOL
                                2,3-DICHLOROANILINE
                                2,3-DICHLORONITROBENZENE
                                1.2:3,4-DIEPOXYBUTANE
                                3,3'-DIMETHOXYBENZIDINE
                                DIMETHYL SULFONE
                                P-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE
                                7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A)ANTHRACENE
                                N.N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
                                3,6-DIMETHYLPHENANTHRENE
                                1,3-DINITROBENZENE
                                DIPHENYLDISULFIDE
                                ETHYL METHANESULFONATE
                                ETHYLENETHIOUREA
                                ETHYNYLESTRADIOL 3-HETHYL ETHE
                                HEXACHLOROPROPENE
                                2-ISOPROPYLNAPHTHALENE
                                ISOSAFROLE
                                LONGIFOLENE
                                MALACHITE GREEN
                                METHAPYRILENE
                                METHYL HETHANESULFONATE
                                2-METHYLBENZOTHIOAZOLE
                                4,4'-HETHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROAMI)
                                4,5-METHYLENEPHENANTHRENE
                                1-METHYLFLUORENE
                                2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
                                1-METHYLPHENANTHRENE
                                2-(METHYLTHIO)BENZOTHIAZOLE
                                1,5-NAPHTHALENEDIAMINE
                                1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE
                                ALPHA-NAPHTHYLAMINE
                                                     54
-------
                                                                                                   Sec. 4.5
                                                         Table 4.5 (cont'd)

                                             Base/Neutral and Acid Organics Analyzed
 TABLE
 COPE
TESTED
 FOR
                                 AHALYTE


 BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES (Continued)
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
  2
 5-NITRO-O-TOLUIDINE
 2-NITROANILINE
 3-NITROANILINE
 4-NITROANILINE
 4-NITROBIPHENYL
 N-NITROSODI-N-BUTYLAHIME
 N-MITROSOOIETHYLAMINE
 N-N1TROSOMETHYLETHYLAMINE
 N-NITROSOMETHYLPHENYLAMINE
 N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE
 N-NITROSOPIPERIDINE
 PENTACHLOROBENZENE
 PENTACHLOROETHANE
 PENTAMETHYLBENZENE
 PERYLENE
 PHENACETIN
 PHENOTHIAZINE
 1-PHENYLNAPHTHALENE
 2-PHENYLNAPHTHALENE
 PRONAHIDE
 PYRIDINE
 SAFROLE
 SQUALENE
 1.2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE
 THIANAPHTHENE
 THIOACETAMIDE
THIOXANTHONE
0-TOLUIDINE
 1,2,3-TRIMETHOXYBENZENE
2,4,5-TRIMETHYLANILINE
TRIPHENYLENE
TRIPROPYLENEGLYCOL METHYL  ETHE
1,3,5-TRITHIANE
ACID EXTRACTABLES
021
022
024
031
                2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
                4-CHLORO-3-HETHYLPHENOL
                2-CHLOROPHENOL
                2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL
                                                    55
-------
                                                                                                 Sec. 4.5
                                                        Table 4.5 (cont'd)


                                            Base/Neutral and Acid Organics Analyzed
TABLE
TESTED
 FOR
ACID EXTRACTABLES (Continued)
057
058
059
060
064
530
531
943
944
945
946
947
948
                                ANALYTE
                 2-NITROPHENOL
                 4-NITROPHENOL
                 2,4-DINITROPHENOL
                 2-HETHYL-4,6-DINITROPHEHOL
                 PENTACHLOROPHENOL
                 2,3,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
                 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL
                 BENZOIC ACID
                 P-CRESOL
                 3,5-DIBROHO-4-HYDROXYBENZONITR
                 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL
                 HEXANOIC ACID
                 2,3,4.6-TETRACHLOROPHENOL
                                                   56
-------
                                                                                                 Sec. 4.5
        Table 4.6: List of Analytes, Matrices, Fractions, and Methods for the Screen Sampling of the Oil
                                     Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry
 (1)
 Analysis
 Category
 (2)
Matrix
  (3)
Fraction
 (4)
Analysis
Technique
  (5)
Method
     (6)
Modification
Organics
B/M
Acid
 Water
 GCMS
 GCMS
 Volatiles
     1625C
     1625C
GCMS
               1624C
              Sludge     Volatiles    GCMS           1624C
                         B/N          GCMS           1625C
                         Acid     '    GCMS           1625C
                         Diox/Furan    HRGCHRMS       8280M
                                                                High  res. MS
Org/TCLP
                                  -same as for waters-
Metals
              Water
                         Mercury
                         Furnace
                         ICP
                         CVAA
                         FURNAA
                         Sb
                         As
                         Se
                         Ag
                         Tl
                         ICP
                             245.5

                             204.2
                             206.2
                             270.2
                             272.2
                             279.2
                             200.7M
                                                           + 42 Element
                                                                screen
              Sludge
           Mercury
           Furnace
                         ICP
              CVAA
              FURNAA
              Sb
              AS
              Se
              Ag
              Tl
              ICP
              245.5M CLP
              3020
              204.2M CLP
              206.2M CLP
              270.2M CLP
              272.2M CLP
              279.2M CLP
              200.7M + 42 Element
                          screen
                        + HCl  if nee.
Het/TCLP
                                 -same as for waters-
                                                   57
-------
                                                                                          Sec. 4.5
                                         Table 4.6 (cont'd)


                        List of Analytes, Matrices, Fractions, and Methods for the
                      Screen Sampling of the Oil Reclamation/Re-Refioing Industry
Analysis
Category


Conven-
tional
RCRA

(2)
tetrix
Water



















Sludge















Sludge



(3)
Fraction
Ammonia
BOOS
Chloride
Chlorine
COD
Cyanide
Fluoride
Nitrate/
nitrite
pH (field)
(lab)
Oil & Gr.
Residue


Specific
Conduct.
Sulfide
TOC
TVO
Ammonia
BODS
Chloride
COD
Cyanide
Fluoride
Nitrate/
Nitrite
pH (field)
(lab)
Oil & Gr.
Oil & Gr.
Residue
Sulfide
TOC
TVO
Ignit.
Corrosiv.
React.
(4)
Analysis
Technique
Electrode
Probe
Ion Chrom.
Color.
Color.
Distill.
SPADNS

Ion Chrom.
Paper
Electrode
Grav.
Grav.-TDS
-TSS
-Tot.
Wheatstone
Bridge
Titr.
Combust.
TOC
Electrode
Probe
Ion Chrom.
Color.
Distill.
SPADNS

Ion Chrom.
Paper
Electrode
Grav.
Retort
Grav. -Tot.
Color.
Combust.
TOC




(5)
Method
350.3
405.1
300.0

410. 4M
335.2
340.1

300.0
--
150.1
413.1
160.1
160.2
160.3

120.1
376.2
415.1
415. 1M
350.3
405.1
300.0
410.4M
335.2
340.1

300.0
--
150.1
413.1
—
160.3
376.2
9060
415. 1M
1010
1110
SU-846

(6)
Modification



Field test
Saline














Purge & Trap



Saline











Purge & Trap



                                                58
-------
                                                                                                  Sec. 4.5




                                             Table 4.6 (cont'd)


                          List of Analytes, Matrices, Fractions, and Methods for the

                        Screen Sampling of the Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry


Notes:


(1)  Analysis category - general category into which  analytes can be classified.


    o   Organics - carbon based chemical compounds.   The list of these compounds can be found on the
        ITD/RCRA List of Analytes.


    o   Organics/TCLP -  organic compounds  leached  from sludge and sediment using the RCRA Toxicity
        Characteristic Leaching Procedure.


    o   Metals - elements found on  the  ITD/RCRA List of Analytes.


    o   Metals/TCLP - metals  leached from sludge and sediment using the TCLP.


    o   Conventional  - conventional  wastewater chemistry analytes.


    o   Hazardous waste  characteristics - RCRA analytes which determine if a  waste is hazardous.   The TCLP
        has been proposed to  replace the current EP Toxicity procedure.


(2)  Matrix - the nature of the sample.


    o   Water -  produced water,  runoff water, or other sample which  is  nearly all  water.


    o   Sludge -  distillation bottoms, spent clays, filter cakes,  or other sample  which contains a
        significant quantity  of  solids (normally greater than 1  percent).


(3)  Fraction -  a means  of further categorizing the sample for purposes of analysis.


   o   Volatile  -  volatile organic compounds analyzed by GCMS.


   o   B/N  -  base/neutral organic compounds analyzed by GCMS.


   o   Acid - organic acids analyzed by GCMS.
                                                   59
-------
                                                                                                Sec. 4.5
                                            Table 4.6 (cont'd)

                         List of Analytes, Matrices, Fractions, and Methods for the
                       Screen Sampling of the Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry
(3) Fraction:   (Continued)

   o    Diox/Furan - chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans.

   o    TVOC -  total volatile organic carbon.

   o    Furnace - metals analyzed by furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

   o    ICP - metals analyzed by inductively coupled spectrometry.

   o    BOOS -  biochemical oxygen demand.

   o    COO - chemical oxygen demand.

   o    Oil and Gr. - oil and grease.

   o    Specific conduct. - specific conductivity.

   o    TOC - total organic carbon.

   o    Ignit.  - hazardous waste characteristic of ignitability.

   o    Corrosiv. - hazardous waste characteristic of corrosivity.

   o    React.  - hazardous waste characteristic of reactivity.

(4)  Analysis technique

   o    GCEC  -  gas chromatography combined with an electron capture detector.

   o    GCFPD  - gas chromatography combined with a flame photometric detector.

   o    GCHS  -  gas chromatography combined with a mass spectrometer detector.

   o    HRGCLRMS - high  resolution gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry.
                                                    60
-------
                                                                                                Sec, 4.5
                                                Table 4.6


                         List of Analytes, Matrices, Fractions, and Methods for the
                       Screen Sampling of the Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry
(4)  Analysis Techniques:  (Continued)


   o    HRGCHRHS - high resolution gas chrcmatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry.


   o    TOC  -  total organic carbon analyzer.


   o    CVAS - cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.


   o    FURNAA - furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.


   o    Ion  Chrom. -  ion chromatography.


   o    Color. - colorimetric


   o    Titr.  - titrimetric


   o    Distill. - distillation.


   o    SPADNS - distillation followed by calorimetric.


   o    Grav.  - gravimetric.


   o    TDS  -  total dissolved solids.


   o    TSS  -  total suspended solids.


   o    Tot. - total  solids.


(5)  Method - the  EPA method number.


     Water methods are three-digit numbers (some include a decimal).   ITD methods are 1618, 1624C,  and
     1625C.   Office of Solid Waste SW-846 methods are all other  four-digit numbers.
                                                    61
-------
                                                                                                Sec. 4.5
                                            Table 4.6 (cont'd)


                          List of Analytes, Matrices, Fractions, and Methods for the
                       Screen Sampling of the Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry


Notes:  (Continued)


(6)  Gives a modi-fiction  of  the method.


   o    CIA to CIS - Samples were screened for all tetra-  through octa-isomers of chlorinated dibenzo-p-
        dioxin and dibenzofuran.


   o    High res. MS - high resolution mass spectrometer was used in place of low resolution instrument to
        gain specificity.


   o    +42 element screen - search of a specific ICP wavelength for 42 metals in addition to the  27
        determined by calibration and search.


   o    CLP - method modified for application to solids by the  Superfund Contract Laboratory Program.


   o    Purge & Trap - volatiles are purged from water or  sludge.


   o    + HCl if nee. - hydrochloric acid added to aid in  digestion of organic sludges if necessary.


   o    Field test - test  performed at the site.


   o    Saline - Hach method 8000.
                                                    62
-------
                                                                                                Sec. 4.5
  Table 4.7: Characterization of Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry Screen Sampling Program Summary
     EPA
Sample Control
Center Number
Episode
  No.
15492
15493
15494
15495
15496
15497
15498
15499
15500
15501
15502
15503
15504
15505
15506
15507
15508
15509
15510
15511
15512
15513
15514
15515
15635
15636
15637
15638
15639
15640
15641
15642
15643
15644
15645
15646
15647
15648
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1139
1140
1140
1140
1140
1140
1140
1140
1140
1140
1140
1140
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
1163
Facility
  Hame                Sample location
                                 A         Influent
                                 A         Final Effluent
                                 A         Filter Cake
                                 A         Distillation Bottoms
                                 A         Spent Clay
                                 A         Spent Clay
                                 A         Influent
                                 A         Final Effluent
                                 A         Filter Cake
                                 A         Duplicate Effluent
                                 A         Filter Cake
                                 A         Spent Clay
                                 A         Filter Cake
                                 B         Final Effluent
                                 B         Influent
                                 B         DAF Sludge
                                 B         Distillation Bottoms
                                 B         Spent Clay
                                 B         Final Effluent
                                 B         Influent
                                 B         DAF Sludge
                                 B         Duplicate Effluent
                                 B         Distillation Bottoms
                                 B         Spent Clay
                                 C         Influent
                                 C         DAF Effluent
                                 C         Filter Effluent
                                 C         Stripper Effluent
                                 C         Final Effluent
                                 C         Duplicate Effluent
                                 C         DAF Sludge
                                 C         Distillation Bottoms
                                 C         Spent Carbon
                                 C         Influent
                                 C         DAF Effluent
                                 C         Filter Effluent
                                 C         Stripper Effluent
                                 C         Final Effluent
Sample  Collection   Sample
 Day      Method    Type*
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
Grab
Grab
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
Grab
24 hr Comp.
Grab
Grab
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
Grab
Grab
, Grab
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
24 hr Comp.
* L - Liquid Waste Stream
S - Solid Waste Stream
                                                    63
-------
                                                                                               Sec. 4.5
                                            Table 4.7 (cont'd)


                         Characterization of Oil Reclamation/Re-Refining Industry
                                   Screen Sampling Program Summary
     EPA
Sonple Control
Center number
Episode
  Ho.
FaciIi ty
  Name
Sample Location
Sample  Collection   Sample
 Day      Method     Type*
     15649
     15650
     15651
     15652
     15653
     15654
     15657
     15659
     15660
     15665
 1163
 1163
 1163
 1163
 1163
 1163
 1164
 1164
 1164
 1164
    C        Duplicate Effluent
    C        DAF Sludge
    C        Distillation Bottoms
    C        Spent Carbon
    C        DAF Sludge
    C        Spent Carbon
    D        Final Effluent
    D        Scrubber Effluent
    D        Distillation Bottoms
    D        Distillation Bottoms
                                   24 hr Comp.
                                   Grab
                                   Grab
                                   Grab
                                   Grab
                                   Grab
                                   24 hr Comp.
                                   24 hr Comp.
                                   Grab
                                   Grab
* L - Liquid Waste Stream
S - Solid Waste Stream
                                                   64
-------
   Appendix A
ANALYTICAL DATA
       65
-------
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                                     TABLE A-4

                       CONVENTIONAL/NOH-CONVENT10NAL PARAMETERS
                                        FOR
                             FACILITY D - WATER SAMPLES
                             SAMPLE DAY 1

                                 FINAL
                               EFFLUENT
                                     SAMPLE DAY  2

                                       SCRUBBER
                                       EFFLUENT
ConventionaIs
BOD
TSS
Oil & Grease
PH
15000   mg/l
   18   mg/l
  243   mg/l
 2.51
2400   mg/l
  54   mg/l
  10   mg/l
7.61
Non-ConventionaIs
 Conductivity
 TDS
 Cyanide
 Sulfide
 TVO
 COO
 TOC
 Armenia
 Nitrite+Nitrate
 Fluoride
 Phenolies
 Chloride
10500 umhos/cm
 7200   mg/l
 0.66   mg/l
 <1.0   mg/l
75000   mg/l
48000   mg/l
11400   mg/l
  -115   mg/l
    53   mg/l
    88   mg/l
 3.51   mg/l
  1880   mg/l
 4500 umhos/cm
 2500   mg/l
<0.01   mg/l
   18   mg/l
  134   mg/l
  175   mg/l
 1440   mg/l
 <0.1   mg/l
  1.2   mg/l
 <1.0   mg/l
 0.26   mg/l
   58   mg/l
                                         70
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-------
                                             TABLE A-7

                                CONVENTIONAL/NON-CONVENT IONAL PARAMETERS
                                                FOR
                                        SPENT CARBON SAMPLES
                                                        FACILITY C
                              SAMPLE DAY  1
                                                       SAMPLE DAY 2
                                                                                SAMPLE DAY 3
ConventionaIs
BOO
Oil & Grease
pH
23300   ing/kg
  788   mg/kg
 8.96
 2470   mg/kg
 1840   mg/kg
10.24
                          2500   mg/kg
                          2120   mg/kg
                          9.51
Non-Convent i ona t s
 LOO
 Cyanide
 Sutfide
 TVO
 COO
 TOC
 Ammonia
 Nitrite+Nitrate
 Fluoride
 Phenotics
 Chloride
 29.7 X
   10   mg/kg
 <0.1   mg/kg
 5300   mg/kg
38500   mg/kg
31700   mg/kg
   97   mg/kg
   <14   mg/kg
 2660   mg/kg
 2100   mg/kg
 10300   mg/kg
  29.2 X -
   8.8   mg/kg
  <0.1   mg/kg
    75   mg/kg
 52100   mg/kg
103000   mg/kg
    79   mg/kg
   <14   mg/kg
  2810   mg/kg
   130   mg/kg
  3520   mg/kg
                          29.1 X
                            16   mg/kg
                          <0.1   mg/kg
                            30   mg/kg
                         57800   mg/kg
                         43200   mg/kg
                           102   mg/kg
                           <14   mg/kg
                           931   mg/kg
                           700   mg/kg
                         10600   mg/kg
                                                   73
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-------
                                                TABLE A-9

                                  CONVENTIONAL/NON-CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS
                                                   FOR
                                           FILTER CAKE SAMPLES
                                                 FACILITY A
                     SAMPLE DAY  1
                                       SAMPLE DAY 2
                                                                   SAMPLE DAY 3
ConventionaIs
BOD
Oil & Grease
pH
 22000  mg/kg       19000  mg/kg        16000  mg/kg     6600  mg/kg
140000  mg/kg       160000  mg/kg       270000  mg/kg   650000  mg/kg
  8.50              8.77                7.40            7.38
Non-Conventionats
LOD
Cyanide
Sulfide
TVO
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TOC
Ammonia
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Fluoride
Phenol ies
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59.8
10.90
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310
29000
80000
147
4.5
70
1130
629
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
61.2
9.02
<0.15
1500
52000
57000
113
113
<3
1340
2050
X
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
48.8
6.84
<0.12
110
83000
100000
76
76
60
1010
1560
X
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
52.7
11.60
<0.13
160
14000
140000
82
82
21
1870
317
X
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
                                                   75
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                               TABLE A-13

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                                           SAMPLE DAY 1
                                      FINAL
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  Volatites

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BENZENE
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
1,2-DICHLORCETHANE
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
1,1-DlCHLOROETHANE
CHLOROFORM
1,2-OICHLOROPROPANE
ETHYLBENZENE
TETRACHLOROETHENE
TOLUENE
2-BUTANONE  (MEO
P-DIOXANE
ETHYL  CYANIDE
2-HEXANONE
METHYL METHACRYLATE
4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
VINYL  ACETATE
 1138
11149
 1444
  315
 8793
  187
 4147
  137
 2021
 1750
20232
35510
93346
 3963
  500
16552
 5345
  278
 5118
   Semi-Volatiles

 PHENOL
 N-DECANE (N-C10)
 N-HEXADECANE (N-C16)
 BENZYL ALCOHOL
 PYRIDINE
 BENZ01C ACID
  2365

  1993
  2399
 39401
64

14
                                 81
-------
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                              84
-------
                            U)
                            _J
                            O.
                                                     in
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Ul
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                                         L> UJ  H-  O  •
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                                                          85
-------
                                     TABLE A-18

                                  ORGANICS RESULTS
                                        FOR
                                 FILTER CAKE SAMPLES
                                                      FACILITY A
                            SAMPLE DAY 1     SAMPLE DAY 2
                                (ug/kg)          (ug/kg)
                                                                     SAMPLE DAY 3
                                         (ug/kg)
  Votatiles

BENZENE
1,1,1-TRlCHLOROETHANE
ETHYLBENZENE
TETRACHLOROETHENE
TOLUENE
TR1CHLOROETHENE
2-BUTANONE (MEK)
P-D10XANE
4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
 35521

271473
  8871
199001
   812
  2641
  6777
  2144
 33620
  2419

 44529
  2694
                                    8827
  Semi-VolatHes

2,4-DIHETHYLPHENOL
PHENOL
2-HETHYLNAPHTHALENE
1-HETHYLPHENANTHRENE
 44501
 16351
 53176
 25730
  92285
1020354
 211729
  78023
280944
792536
917764
114143
                                             86
-------
                                            TABLE A-19

                                          METALS RESULTS
                                               FOR
                                    FACILITY A - WATER SAMPLES
                        SAMPLE DAY  1
ICP Screening Metals
                                                      SAMPLE DAY 2
                                                         FINAL   DUPLICATE
                                                INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
Al
Sb
As
Ba
Be
Bi
B
Cd
Ca
Ce
Cr
Co
Cu
Dy
Er
Eu
Ga
Ge
Au
Hf
Ho
In
I
Ir
Fe
La
Li
Lu
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Mo
Nd
Ni
Nb
Os
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
c-J»
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                                               87
-------
                    TABLE A-19 (Continued)
                  METALS RESULTS
                       FOR
            FACILITY A - WATER SAMPLES
SAMPLE DAY 1
                              SAMPLE DAY 2
FINAL
IHFLUENT EFFLUENT
ICP Screening Metals
Pd
P
Pt
K
Pr
Re
Rh
Ru
Sro
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tm
Sn
Tf
U
U
V
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
ICP and AA Metals
Al
Sb
(Continued)
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
DET -
ND

1800
340

ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
- ND
NO
NO
ND

610
<10
FINAL DUPLICATE
INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
ND
DET
NO
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
2500
123
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
69
<10
ND
DET
ND
ND ,
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
51
<10
                        88
-------
                                            TABLE A-19 (Continued)
                                           METALS RESULTS
                                                FOR
                                     FACILITY  A - WATER SAMPLES
                        SAMPLE DAY 1

                                FINAL
                       INFLUENT EFFLUENT
ICP and AA Metals  (Continued)
  As
  Ba
  Be
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Fe
  Pb
  Mg
  Mn
  Hg
  Ho
  Ni
  Se
  Ag
  Na
  Tl
  Sn
  Ti
  V
  Y
  Zn
    26
    73
     1
 19000
     9
130000
    74
    24
   140
 15000
   280
 36000
   570
  <0.2
  1100
    66
    <5
    <5
    40
    <1
  5000
     5
160000
    <3
    <4
    13
   360
   <50
 18000
   150
  <0.2
   150
   <12
    <5
580000   150000
 <65
  50
   6

5600
             10
              8
            <10
             34
                                                       SAMPLE DAY 2
FINAL DUPLICATE
INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
28
94
1
15000
10
140000
79
30
190
26000
470
26000
500
<0.2
410
68
<5
410000
<65
50
7
<5
48
<1
4100
<5
310000
<3
9
12
250
<50
19000
300
<0.2
33
<12
<5
150000
<65
50
6
<5
47
<1
4100
<5
310000
<3
8
8
220
<50
19000
300
<0.2
30
<12
<5
150000
<65
50
<2
                    4800
                               61
55
                                                     89
-------
                                       TABLE A-20
                                      METALS RESULTS
                                          FOR
                                FACILITY  B - WATER SAMPLES
                       SAMPLE DAY 1
                                                      SAMPLE DAY 2
ICP Screening Metals
  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
  Be
  B!
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Ce
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Dy
  Er
  Eu
  Ga
  Ge
  Au
  Hf
  Ho
  In
  1
   Ir
  Fe
  La
  Li
   Lu
  Pb
   Hg
   Hn
   Hg
   Ho
   Nd
   Hi
   Nb
   Os
   Pd

INFLUENT
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
FINAL
EFFLUENT
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
FINAL DUPLICATE
INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
OET
ND
ND
ND
NO
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
HD
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                                                 90
-------
                                         TABLE  A-20  (Continued)

                                       HETALS RESULTS
                                            FOR
                                 FACILITY B - WATER  SAMPLES
                        SAMPLE DAY 1

                                 FINAL
                      INFLUENT EFFLUENT
ICP Screening Hetals  (Continued)
       SAMPLE DAY 2
           FINAL  DUPLICATE
INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
p
Pt
K
Pr
Re
Rh
Ru
Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tm
Sn
Ti
W
U
V
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
ICP and AA Hetals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

1300
10
24
250
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

900
<10
24
89
DET ,
ND
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
• ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

1300
10
15
140
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

1800
<10
25
170
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
NO
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

1300
14
27
160
                                          91
-------
                TABLE A-20  (Continued)
              METALS RESULTS
                   FOR
         FACILITY B • WATER  SAMPLES
SAMPLE DAY  1


ICP and AA Ketals
Be
B
Cd
Ca
Cr
Co
Cu
Fe
Pb
Kg
Hn
Kg
Ho
Hi
Se
A3
No
Tl
Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn

INFLUENT
(Continued)
1.0
13000
<5.0
53000
1200
<4.0
40
6200
580
21000
360
<0.2
52
180
<5
<1
130000
<10
<13
22
7
<10
1400
FINAL
EFFLUENT

<1.0
7800
<5.0
57000
760
<4.0
21
9000
150
20000
270
<0.2
18
140
<25
<1
270000
<10
<13
22
<2.0
<10
830
                              SAMPLE DAY 2
FINAL DUPLICATI
INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
11000
<5.0
64000
1100
<4.0
73
5300
360
20000
350
<0.2
27
140
<25
100000
29
6
15000
<5.0
70000
1000
11
96
11000
530
22000
400
<0.2
41
160
<5
330000
31
10
14000
<5.0
73000
1100
8
94
12000
480
24000
380
<0.2
41
150
<5
380000
28
7.0
                            1100
1400
                                            1300
                     92
-------
                                       TABLE A-21

                                     HETALS RESULTS
                                          FOR
                                FACILITY C - WATER  SAMPLES
                                         SAMPLE DAY  1
ICP  Screening Metals
  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
  Be
  Bi
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Ce
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Dy
  Er
  Eu
  Ga
  Ge
  Au
  Hf
  Ho
  In
  I
  lr
  Fe
  La
  Li
  Lu
  Pb
  Hg
  Hn
   Kg
  Ho
  Nd
   Ni
   Nb
   Os
   Pd
INFLUENT f
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
, ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
OET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DAF FILTER STRIPPER FINAL DUPLICATE
fFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND,
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
                                              93
-------
       TABLE A-21  (Continued)

      METALS RESULTS
          FOR
FACILITY  C - WATER  SAMPLES

         SAMPLE DAY 1

INFLUENT
DAF FILTER STRIPPER FINAL DUPLICATE
EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
ICP Screening Metals (Continued)
P
Pt
K
fr
Re
Rh
Ru
Sin
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ja
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tra
Sn
Ti
U
U
V
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
ICP and AA Hetals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
DET
NO
DET
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

1320
<20
<20
311
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
DET
ND

13200
<20
<20
<100
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
W
ND
•NO
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

8540
<20
<20
<100
DET
ND
DET
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
DET
ND

6400
<20
<20
<100
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

2860
<20
<20
<100
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

2290
<20
<20
<100
             94
-------
       TABLE A-21  (Continued)

      METALS RESULTS
          FOR
FACILITY C - WATER  SAMPLES

         SAMPLE DAY 1

ICP and AA Metals
Be
B
Cd
Ca
Cr
Co
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Mo
Ni
Se
Ag
Na
Tl
Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn
INFLUENT
(Continued)
<5
25800
<10
54100
<10
<50
883
1300
<100
54400
294
<0.4
139
40
<10
<1
2250000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
292
DAF
EFFLUENT

<5
23700
<10
34000
<10
<50
197
816
<100
49800
237
<0.4
118
<40
45
<1
2390000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
56
FILTER
EFFLUENT

<5
22500
<10
32400
<10
<50
<25
615
<100
49600
227
<0.4
126
47
90
<1
2560000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
50
STRIPPER
EFFLUENT

<5
23700
<10
32300
<10
<50
78
535
104
49500
230
<0.4
135
43
<10
<1
2640000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
49
FINAL
EFFLUENT

<5
23000
<10
18700
<10
<50
35
323
126
43800
189
<0.2
123
<40
57
<1
2650000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
27
DUPLICATE
EFFLUENT

<5
23700
<10
19800
<10
<50
79
408
<100
45300
192
<0.2
135
<40
<10
<1
2580000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
36
            95
-------
                                       TABLE A-21 (Continued)

                                      METALS RESULTS
                                          FOR
                                FACILITY C - WATER SAMPLES

                                         SAMPLE DAY 2
ICP Screening Metals
  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
  Be
  Bi
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Ce
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Dy
  Er
  Eu
  Ga
  Ge
  Au
  Hf
  Ho
  In
  1
  Ir
  Fe
  La
  Li
  Lu
  Pb
  Kg
  Hn
  Hg
  Ho
  Hd
  Hi
  Mb
  Os
  Pd
DAF FILTER STRIPPER FINAL DUPLICATE
NFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
DET
ND
NO
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
NO
ND
OET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
• ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
' ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                                         96
-------
       TABLE A-21  (Continued)

     METALS RESULTS
          FOR
FACILITY C - WATER  SAMPLES

         SAMPLE DAY
DAF FILTER STRIPPER FINAL DUPLICATE
INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
ICP Screening Metals (Continued)
P
Pt
K
Pr
Re
Rh
Ru
Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Te
Tb
Tt
Th '
Tm
Sn
Ti
U
U
V
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr
ICP and AA Metals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
DET
NO
DET
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

639
<20
<20
250
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

15300
<20
<20
<100
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
NO
NO
ND
ND
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

21300
<20
<20
<100,
DET
ND
DET
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

10700
<20
<20
<100
DET
ND
DET
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

7260
<20
<20
<100
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
NO '
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

7460
<200
<20
281
          97
-------
                                        TABLE A-21 (Continued)
                                       HETALS RESULTS
                                            FOR
                                 FACILITY  C  - WATER SAMPLES

                                          SAMPLE DAY 2
                                  DAF    FILTER  STRIPPER   FINAL  DUPLICATE
                       INFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
ICP and AA Metals (Continued)
  Be
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Fe
  Pb
  Hg
  Kn
  Kg
  Ho
  Hi
  Se
  Ag
  Na
  71
  Sn
  T5
  V
   Y
   Zn
   <5
28100
   <5
28000
   <5
27700
   <5
26700
   <5
23700
   <5
25000
43600    27900    29900    26600    15500    15400
<50
155
1340
<100
65400
284
<0.4
174
69
<10
<2
3300000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
143
<50
83
749
<100
60800
250
<0.4
152
<40
143
<2
3580000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
85
<50
53
1110
<100
63400
268
<0.4
146
48
<10
<1
3700000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
63
<50
40
570
<100
58700
264
<0.4
123
<40
59
<2
3720000
<100
<100
<50
<50
<50
34
<50
32
419
<100
48000
268
<0.2
157
<40
325
<2
3740000
«100
«100
<50
<50
<50
25
<50
<25
428
<100
47700
270
<0.2
170
<40
358
<2
3760000
<200
<100
<50
<50
<50
27
                                                98
-------
                      TABLE A-22

                    METALS RESULTS
                         FOR
              FACILITY D • WATER SAMPLES
                               SAMPLE DAY 1
                          FINAL
                        EFFLUENT
SCRUBBER
EFFLUENT
ICP Screening Metals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
Be
Bi
B
Cd
Ca
Ce
Cr
Co
Cu
Dy
Er
Eu
Ga
Ge
Au
Hf
Ho
In
I
Ir
Fe
La
Li
Lu
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Mo
Nd
Hi
Nb
Os
Pd
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND ,
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
                           99
-------
                     TABLE A-22  (Continued)

                   METALS RESULTS
                        FOR
              FACILITY D - WATER  SAMPLES
                               SAMPLE DAY 1
                         FINAL
                       EFFLUENT
                  SCRUBBER
                  EFFLUENT
ICP Screening Metals  (Continued)
  P
  Pt
  K
  Pr
  Re
  Rh
  Ru
  Sm
  Sc
  Se
  Si
  Ag
  Na
  Sr
  S
  Ta
  Te
  Tb
  Tl
  Th
  Tm
  Sn
  Ti
  W
  U
  V
  Yb
  Y
  Zn
  Zr
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DEf
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
DET
NO
ICP and AA Metals
  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
<200
 <60
 <10
<100
 208
 <60
 <10
•000
                        100
-------
                     TABLE A-22 (Continued)

                   METALS RESULTS
                        FOR
              FACILHY D - WATER SAMPLES

                              SAMPLE DAY  1
                         FINAL
                       EFFLUENT
SCRUBBER
EFFLUENT
JCP and AA Metals (Continued)
Be
B
Cd
Ca
Cr
Co
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Mo
Ni
Se
Ag
Na
Tl
Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn
<5
30000
9
<5000
13
<50
<25
16400
.<200
<5000
318
<1.0
<100
<21
<25
<10
542000
<100
<40
<50
<50
<50
248000
<5
684
<5
27600
53
<50
<25
1520
332
8470
33
<1.0
<100
<40
<25
<10
1020000
<50
<40
<50
<50
<50
240
                      101
-------
                                       TABLE A-23

                                     HETALS RESULTS
                                         FOR
                                   OAF SLUDGE SAMPLES
                            FACILITY B
1CP Screening Metals
  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
  Be
  Bi
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Ce
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Oy
  Er
  Eu
  Ga
  Ge
  Au
  Hf
  Ho
  In
  I
  Ir
  Fe
  La
  Li
  Lu
  Pb
  Hg
  Hn
  Hg
  Ho
  Hd
  Hi
  Nb
  Os
  Pd
  P
SAMPLE DAY 1
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
SAMPLE DAY 2
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
                                                                    FACILITY C
SAMPLE DAY 1
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
HD
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
HD
HD
ND
HD
HD
HD
^ NO
~~ HD
HD
HD
DET
HD
HD
HD
DET
DET
DET
DET
ND
HD
ND
ND
ND
UD
DET
SAMPLE DAY 2
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
• ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
SAMPLE DAY 3
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
,DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
                                         102
-------
                                         TABLE A-23 (Continued)
                                       METALS RESULTS
                                            FOR
                                      DAF SLUDGE SAMPLES
                              FACILITY B
                                                                        FACILITY  C
                     SAMPLE DAY 1   SAHPLE DAY 2

1CP Screening Metals (Continued)
  Pt
  K
  Pr
  Re
  Rh
  Ru
  Sm
  Sc
  Se
  Si
  Ag
  Na
  Sr
  S
  Ta
  Te
  Tb
  Tl
  Th
  Tm
  Sn
  Ti
  W
  u
  V
  Yb
  Y
  Zn
  Zr

ICP and AA Metals
  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
  Be
  NO
  NO
  ND
  ND
  NO
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
 DET
 DET
 DET
  ND
 DET
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
 DET
 DET
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
 OET
  ND
1270
 <16
<8.0
 326
<0'.6
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 NO
 ND
 ND
 ND
 OET
 DET
 DET
 ND
 DET
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 DET
 DET
 ND
 ND
 NO
 ND
 ND
 OET
 ND
 937
<2.0
<6.0
 398
<0.6
SAMPLE DAY 1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
OET
ND
ND
DET
ND
121000
<22
<22
225
<4
SAMPLE DAY 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
1670
<1.2
<1.2
62.1
<0.3
SAMPLE DAY 3
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
DET
ND
DET
DET
OET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
OET.
ND
151000
<20
<20
254
<6
                                                       103
-------
                                        TABLE A-23 (Continued)
                                       METALS RESULTS
                                           FOR
                                     DAF SLUDGE SAMPLES
                             FACILITY B
                     SAMPLE DAY 1   SAMPLE  DAY 2

1CP and AA Metals (Continued)
  Cd
  Ca
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Fe
  Pb
  Kg
  Hn
  Hg
  Ho
  Hi
  Se
  Ag
  Na
  Tt
  Sn
  Tf
  V
  Y
  Zn
  246
   10
19700
 2060
   20
  211
15100
  297
 2280
  162
    2
   72
   24
 <2.0
    3
  576
 <2.0
  <13
   11
   <6
   <6
 1900
  311
    8
14900
 1560
   15
  162
11400
 1790
 1760
 1030
    1
   48
  152
 <2.0
    2
 1180
 <2.0
   16
   63
   <4
   <4
 1440
                                                                       FACILITY C
SAMPLE DAY 1
1490
42
24200
225
<36
881
5080
116
13500
78.3
2.12
<72
<29
<11
<1.1
82100
<11
<72
116
93.9
<36
157
SAMPLE DAY 2
43.2
0.8
384
3.2
<3.2
<1.6
38.0
<6.4
250
1.2
0.32
<6.4
<2.6
<0.6
<0.06
6110
<0.6
<6.4
<3.2
<3.2
<3.2
<1.3
SAMPLE DAY 3
1590
49
23500
216
<57
<28
3320
333
5220
48.8
<1.2
<114
<45
<10
<1.0
66400
<10
253
128
98.7
<57
81
                                             104
-------
         TABLE A-24
        METALS RESULTS
            FOR
      SPENT CLAY SAMPLES
FACILITY A
SAMPLE
1CP Screening Metals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
Be
Bi
B
Cd
Ca
Ce
Cr
Co
Cu
Dy
Er
Eu
Ga
Ge
Au
Hf
Ho
In
I
Ir
Fe
La
Li
Lu
Pb
Hg
. Hn
Hg
Mo
Nd
Ni
Nb
Os
Pd
P
DAY 1

DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
NO
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
SAMPLE DAY 2

DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
SAMPLE DAY 3

DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
                                      FACILITY B
SAMPLE DAY 1
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
SAMPLE DAY 2
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET .
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
              105
-------
         TABLE A-24 (Continued)
        METALS RESULTS
            FOR
      SPENT CLAY SAMPLES
FACILITY A
                                       FACILITY B
<
ICP Screening Metals
Pt
K
Pr
Re
Rh
Ru
Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Ha
Sr
S
Ta
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tra
Sn
Ti
U
U
V
Yb
Y
Zn
2r
ICP and AA Metals
«*
Al
Sb
As
Ba
Be
B
SAMPLE DAY 1
(Continued)
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND

11900
<9.0
<9.0
778
18
150
SAMPLE DAY 2

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND

12800
<50
<10
775
17
138
SAMPLE DAY 3

ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND

13400
<1.0
<9.0
794
18
149
SAMPLE DAY 1
MD
NO
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
1730
<39
<8.0
432
<0.6
<5
SAMPLE DAY 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
1610
<5.0
<9.0
<4
<0.6
<4
           106
-------
                                             TABLE A-24 (Continued)
                                           METALS RESULTS
                                                FOR
                                         SPENT CLAY SAMPLES
                                  FACILITY A
                   SAMPLE DAY  1   SAMPLE DAY 2   SAMPLE DAY 3

ICP and AA Metals (Continued)
  Cd
  Ca
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Fe
  Pb
  Hg
  Mn
  Hg
  Mo
  Ni
  Se
  Ag
  Na
  Tt
  Sn
  Ti
  V
  Y
  Zn
   92
10700
  746
    3
    5
 6620
  355
12900
 4420

   <5
  138
 4750
   85
11800
   38

    6
 7000
   26
13500
  229

   <6
    7
              5690
   89
12900
  693
    3
    5
 7150
  330
13600
 4580

   <6
  137
               4380
5
1900
617
15
955
<6
93
31
16
71
101
1760
580
17
1120
                                                                            FACILITY  B
SAMPLE DAY 1
2
6800
3
<3
35
1870
25
1290
107
<0.1
<5
2
87
5
104
<3
5
473
SAMPLE DAY 2
1
5570
<2
<2
7
1450
28
19060
74
0
<4
2
86
4
105
<2
5
66
                                             107
-------
     TABLE A-25

   METALS RESULTS
        FOR
SPENT CARBON SAMPLES
           FACILITY C
SAMPLE
ICP Screening Metals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
Be
Bi
B
Cd
Ca
Ce
Cr
Co
Cu
Dy
Er
Eu
Ga
Ge
Au
Hf
Ho
In
I
Ir
Fe
La
Li
Lu
Pb
Hg
Mn
Kg
Mo
Nd
Hi
Nb
Os
Pd
P

DAY 1

DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET

SAMPLE DAY 2

DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
108
SAMPLE DAY 3

DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND •
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET

-------
    TABLE A-25 (Continued)

   METALS RESULTS
       FOR
SPENT CARBON SAMPLES

         FACILITY C
SAMPLE DAY 1
ICP Screening Metals
Pt
K
Pr
Re
Rh
Ru
Sm
Sc
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tra
Sn
Ti
U
U
V
Yb
Y
2n
Zr
ICP and AA Metals
Al
Sb
As
Ba
(Continued)
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND

1700
<0.7
<0.7
U.O
SAMPLE DAY 2

ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND

1070
<1.0
<1.0
7.63
SAMPLE DAY 3

ND
DET
ND
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
NO

1590
<1.1
<1.1
8.69
        109
-------
                          TABLE A-25  (Continued)
                         METALS RESULTS
                             FOR
                      SPENT CARBON SAMPLES

                                FACILITY C
                 SAMPLE DAY.1  SAMPLE DAY 2  SAMPLE DAY 3

ICP and AA Hetals (Continued)
  Be
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Fe
  Pb
  Hg
  Hn
  Kg
  Ho
  Ni
  Se
  Ag
  Na
  Tl
  Sn
  Ti
  V
  Y
  Zn
<0.2
27.9
1.1
1660
3.2
<2.4
14.8
1620
<4.8
863
19.2
<0.06
<4.8
2.4
<0.4
<0.04
4610
<0.4
<4.8
71.6
3.3
<2.4
4.3
<0.3
31.5
0.7
1660
3.4
<2.6
15.9
821
6.89
1200
17.8
<0.06
<5.3
<2.1
<0.5
<0.05
3790
<0.5
<5.3
42.2
<2.6
<2.7
4.6
<0.2
42.1
0.9
1880
3.5
2.1
16.6
1040
<4.3
1330
20.8
<0.06
<4.3
1.9
<0.6
«0.06
3940
<0.6
6.49
35.3
2.7
<2.2
3.9
                               110
-------
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                                   114
-------
                                  TABLE A-27

                                METALS RESULTS
                                    FOR
                              FILTER CAKE SAMPLES
1CP Screening Metals

  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
  Be
  Bi
  B
  Cd
  Ca
  Ce
  Cr
  Co
  Cu
  Dy
  Er
  Eu
  Ga
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  Au
  Hf
  Ho
  In
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  Fe
  La
  Li
  Lu
  Pb
  Mg
  Mn
  Hg
  Mo
  Nd
  Ni
  Nb
  Os
  Pd
  P
  Pt
FACILITY A
SAMPLE DAY 1
DET
ND
ND
OET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
SAMPLE DAY 2
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
OET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
DET
ND
SAMPLE
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DAY 3
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
                                      115
-------
                                                                                      ,"! ' i";,,i: J, '!,!• HI!"1,	H",
                                  TABLE A-27 (Continued)

                                METALS RESULTS
                                     FOR
                              FILTER CAKE SAMPLES
 K
 Pr
 Re
 Rh
 Ru
 Sm
 Sc
 Se
 Si
 Ag
 Ha
 Sr
 S
 Ta
 Te
 Tb
 Tl
 Th
 Tm
 Sn
 Ti
 W
 U
 V
 tb
  Y
  Zn
  2r

ICP and AA Ketals

  Al
  Sb
  As
  Ba
  Be
  B
  Cd
  Ca
FACILITY A
SAMPLE DAY 1 SAMPLE DAY 2
lontinued)
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
1700
<245
<13
20
<0.6
1570
57
27600
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
1800
<260
<13
85
<0.6
1450
56
23900
SAMPLE DAY 3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
• ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
1410
<164
<9.0
115
<0.6
920
79
6540
HD
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
ND
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND
DET
DET
ND
ND
DET
ND
1790
<170
<17
123
<0.6
1940
155
11600
                                         116
-------
                                   TABLE A-27 (Continued)

                                 HETALS RESULTS
                                      FOR
                               FILTER  CAKE SAMPLES

                                 	FACILITY A
                     SAMPLE DAY 1

ICP  and AA Metals (Continued)
SAMPLE DAY 2
                                                              SAMPLE DAY 3
Cr
Co
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Hn
Hg
Mo
Ni
Se
Ag
Na
Tl
Sn
Ti
V
Y
Zn
6
119
220
76300
294
3330
82
<0.1
83
54
<3.0
<0.3
2420
<3.0
72
176
50
<6
1620
8
26
226
81500
106
2520,
9
0
70
<5
<3.0
1
2960
<3.Q
19
45
12
<6
2440
2
31
271
80900
68
1690
<2
<0.1
59
<4
<2.0
1
2740
<2.0
14
42
16
<5
641
<5
63
553
177000
125
2830
<2
<0.1
121
<4
<2.0
2
1540
<2.0
21
61
19
<5
1320
                                          117
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-------
                                    TABLE A-30
                               RCRA CHARACTERISTICS
                                       FOR
                               SPENT CARBON SAMPLES
                                                    FACILITY C

Ignitability (Degrees F)
CorrosJvity
(as pH or mmpy)
Reactivity
PCB's (rng/kg)
TCLP ORGAN1CS ( ug/t )
Votatiles
ACROLEIN
BENZENE
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
CHLOROFORM
2-BUTANONE (MEK>
OIETHYL ETHER
4-HETHYL-2-PENTANONE
Semi-Volatiles
PHENOL
ALPHA-PICOLINE
H-DOOECANE (N-C12)
0-CRESOL
PYRIDINE
0-TOLUIDINE
BEH20IC ACID
P-CRESOL
HEXANOIC ACID
SAMPLE DAY 1 SAMPLE DAY 2
>200 >200
2.60 1.10
rmpy wnpy
(CN-/S-) (CN-/S-)
<2 <2


1307
44
110
364 102
444 243
16
11281 13001
71
601 168

950 238
68

37
256

156 17
145
438 475
SAMPLE DAY 3
>200
1.30
mmpy
(CN-/S-)
<2






154

9383

86

89

31


12
14

598
TCLP HETALS ( ug/l  >
 At-TCLP
 Sb-TCLP
2050
 <20
'1070
<200
1360
 <20
                                          126
-------
                                       TABLE A-30 (Continued)
                                  RCRA CHARACTERISTICS
                                          FOR
                                  SPENT CARBON SAMPLES
TCLP METALS (  ug/l  ) (Continued)
 As-TCLP
 Ba-TCLP
 Be-TCLP
  B-TCLP
 Cd-TCLP
 Ca-TCLP
 Cr-TCLP
 Co-TCLP
 Cu-TCLP
 Fe-TCLP
 Pb-TCLP
 Mg-TCLP
 Mn-TCLP
 Hg-TCLP
 MO-TCLP
  Ni-TCLP
  Se-TCLP
  Ag-TCLP
  Na-TCLP
  Tl-TCLP
  Sn-TCLP
  Ti-TCLP
   V-TCLP
   Y-TCLP
  Zn-TCLP
  DIOXINS
  1.2.3.4.6.7,8-HpCDD
  Total HpCDD

  OCOD
FACILITY C
SAMPLE DAY 1
<40
1670
<5
2460
<10
18200
<50
<50
<25
372
<100
7710
160
<0.2
<100
104
1670000
<20
258
<50
<50
<50
1180
ND
ND
SAMPLE DAY 2
<20
3140
<5
3700
11
44600
<50
<50
<25
<100
<100
25700
141
<0.4
<100
<40
1660000
<20
<100
<50
<50
<50
2220
ND
ND
SAMPLE DAY 3
<20
3520
<5
4110
<10
46900
<50
<50
<25
268
<100
26600
176
<0.4
<100
<40
1550000
<20
151
<50
<50
<50
2550
ND
ND
ND
                 ND
                                  ND
                                            127
-------
                                      TABLE A-30 (Continued)

                                  RCRA CHARACTERISTICS
                                         FOR
                                  SPENT  CARBON SAMPLES
                                                        FACILITY C
                                     SAMPLE DAY 1
                                                      SAMPLE DAY 2
                                                                       SAMPLE  DAY 3
DIOXINS (Continued)
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD
Total HxCDD

2,3,7,8-TCDF
Total TCDF

Total PCDD
  ND
  ND

3.92 ppb
3.92 ppb

  ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
                                           128
-------
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-------
                                              TABLE A-32

                                          RCRA CHARACTERISTICS
                                                 FOR
                                          FILTER CAKE SAMPLES
                                                           FACILITY A
IgnitabHity (Degrees  F>

Corrosivity
(as pH or rmpy)

Reactivity

PCB's (ing/kg)
SAMPLE DAY  1

    >200

    8.50
  (as pH)

 (CH-/S-)

      <3
SAMPLE DAY 2

    >200

    8.77
  (as pH)

 (CM-/S-)

      <3
  SAMPLE DAY 3

  >200     >200

  7.40     7.38
 (as pH)   (as pH)

(CN-/S-)  (CN-/S-)

     <2      <3
TCLP ORGAN ICS ( ug/l )
  Volatilcs

 1,1,1-TRlCHLOROETHANE
 ETHYLBEHZENE
 TOLUENE
 TR1CHLOROETHENE
 2-BUTANONE  (HEK)
 P-DIOXANE

   Semi-Volatiles
 4-CHLORO-3-METHYLPHENOL
 2-CHLOROPHENOL
 2,4-DlHETHYLPHEHOL
 MAPHTHALEHE
 2-HITROPHENOL
 4-NITROPHEHOL
 PKENOt
 N-DODECANE (N-C12)
 D1PHENYL ETHER
 BIPHENYL
 p-CYMEHE
 M-DECANE (N-C10)
 M-TETRADECANE (H-C14)
 N-HEXADECANE  (H-C16)
 N-OCTADECANE  (N-C18)
 K-HEXACOSAKE  (H-C26)
 H-OCTACOSANE  (N-C28)
 0-CRESOL
 2-HETHYLHAPHTHALENE
     1076
      279
       29

    22371
      848
      275
      117

     1090
                          88

                          52
     1039
      347
      183
      186
      310
      125
       182
        79
       365
       107


11
116
2987


1827
273
39
181
21687
130
348
179

317
233

14
11
271
123
349
82
549

6132
264
11

305
70
300
138876
217
435
286
25
783
518
19


207
142
                                                         132
-------
                                              TABLE A-32 (Continued)

                                         RCRA CHARACTERISTICS
                                                 FOR
                                         FILTER CAKE SAMPLES
  Semi-Volatiles  (Continued)
BENZOIC ACID
P-CRESOL
HEXANOIC ACID
TCLP METALS ( ug/l  )

 Al-TCLP
 Sb-TCLP
 As-TCLP
 Ba-TCLP
 Be-TCLP
  B-TCLP
 Cd-TCLP
 Ca-TCLP
 Cr-TCLP
 Co-TCLP
 Cu-TCLP
 Fe-TCLP
 Pb-TCLP
 Hg-TCLP
 Mn-TCLP
  Hg-TCLP
  Mo-TCLP
  Ni-TCLP
  Se-TCLP
  Ag-TCLP
  Na-TCLP
  Tl-TCLP
  Sn-TCLP
 'Ti-TCLP
   V-TCLP
   Y-TCLP
  Zn-TCLP
FACILITY A
SAMPLE DAY 1
673
1051
201
<200
<200
<20
337
<5
12500
11
590000
<50
<50
101
<100
<200
92200
368
<0.2
104
46
<20
<20
1290000
<20
<100
<50
<50
<50
384
SAMPLE DAY 2

1253

429
<200
<20
732
<5
7460
27
429000
<50
153
151
<100
<200
39100
2380
<0.2
<100
113
<20
<20
1400000
<20
<100
<50
<50
<50
11000
SAMPLE

1559
210
641
<20
<20
325
<5
1230
22
143000
<50
262
117
1590
<200
2290
880
<0.2
<100
48
<20
<20
1400000
<20
<100
<50
<50
<50
5950
DAY 3

1998
185
524
<40
<20
497
<5
1870
23
221000
<50
406
102
1060
<200
4150
1490
<0.2
<100
55
<20
<20
1370000
<20
<100
<50
<50
<50
6750
                                                   133
-------
                                              TABLE A-32  (Continued)

                                         RCRA CHARACTERISTICS
                                                 FOR
                                         FILTER CAKE SAMPLES

                                                          FACILITY A
                                     SAMPLE DAY 1
                                                        SAMPLE DAY i>
                                                                            SAMPLE DAY 3
DtOXIHS

1,2,3,4,6.7.8-HpCDD
Total HpCOD

OCDD

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD
Total HxCDD

2,3,7,8-TCOF
Total TCOF

Total PCDD
ND
ND

NO

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
ND
ND

ND

ND
ND

ND
ND

ND
                                                      134
-------
                                      TABLE A-33

                    USED OIL CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS AS COMPARED TO

                                   HEALTH BASED CRITERIA
Constituent

  Lead
  Tetrachloroethylene
  Toluene
  1,1,1-Trichloroethane
  T r i chIoroethylene
  •Naphthalene
     Concentration
     in Used Oil  (1)
(90th percentiIe.  ppm)

          1200
          1300
          5000
          3100
          1000
           990
                                                                  DUS (2)
                                                                (Long-Term)
AUQCL (2)
(ppm)
.05
.008
14.3
18.4
.027
(3)
SNARL
(pp  U.S. EPA, 1980.  Health and Environmental Effects Profile.  RCRA Subtitle C  Background
     Document appendix A.  Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C.
(3)  No health-based standard has yet been developed for naphthalene
                                           135
-------
                                                                          " ':	.i'ili,	lit "liilltii;1!!:."-!!
Air Flotation
APR

ASTM

BAT

BETC

BCT


BMP

BOD

BPCTCA


Color.

CLP


Corrosiv.


Conventional

CVAS
GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS


          Consists  of  saturation  of a  portion of the
          wastewater feed, or a portion of the feed or
          recycled effluent from the flotation unit with air
        1  at a specific pressure.

          Association of Petroleum Refineries

          American Society for Testing and Materials

          Best Available Technology

          Bartlesville Energy Technology Center

          Best   Conventional    Pollutant    Control
          Technology

          Best Management Practices

          Biochemical  Oxygen-Demanding Pollutants

          Best Practical Control Technology Currently
          Available

          Colorimetric

          Method modified for application to solids by
          the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program
          Hazardous
          corrosivity
waste    characteristics    of
          Conventional wastewater chemistry analytes

          Cold Vapor Absorption Spectrometry
                                      136
-------
DAF Effluent

DAF Sludge

Dioxin, Furans


Distillation Bottoms

End-of-Pipe Effluent

EPA

Field Test

Filter Cake


Filter Effluent

Fraction


Furnace


GCMS


GOES


GCFPD


Grav.

HRGCHRMS



ICP Metals
Water effluents from DAF

Skimmed sludge from DAF sludge

Chlorinated      dibenzo-p-dioxins     and
chlorinated dibenzo furans

Asphalt flux extender

Final discharge to sanitary sewer system

Environmental Protection Agency

Test performed at site

Waste clay  resulting from various lube  oil
polishing practices

Water effluents from a filtration system

A means of further categorizing the sample
for purposes of analysis

Metals   analyzed    by   furnace   atomic
absorption

Gas Chromatography Combined with a Mass
Spectrometer detection

Gas  Chromatography  Combined  with  an
electron capture detector

Gas  Chromatography  Combined with  a
Flame Photometric Detector

Gravimetric

High  Resolution   Gas  Chromatography
Combined  with  High  Resolution  Mass
Spectrometry

Metals  analyzed  by  inductively  coupled
plasma spectrometry
                                     137
-------
Ignit.

Influent

Ion Chrom.

ITD

Method
Hazardous waste characteristic of ignitability

Untreated process wastewater

Ion Chromatography

Industrial Technology Division

EPA Method Number
NIPER


NIOSH


NORA

NPDES


NSPS

NTIS

Oily Sludge


OSW

Organic

POTW

PCB

PNA

RCRA

React.
National  Institute  for  petroleum  Energy
Research

National Institute  Occupational  Safety and
Health

National Oil Recyclers Association

National  Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination
System

New Source Performance Standards

National Technical Information Service

Settled solids from  a  process,  almost any
flocculated, settled mass

EPA Office of Solid Waste

A material that contains carbon compounds

Publicly Owned Treatment Works

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Polynuclear Aromatics

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Hazardous waste characteristic of reactivity
                                     138
-------
sec



Scrubber Effluent

SIC

SNARL

SPADNS

Stripper Effluent

Spent Carbon Wastes

Spent Clay


TCLP

IDS

Titr.

TSS

TVOC

VOA
Sample Control Center, an  EPA contract
operation for management of environmental
samples.

Flue gas scrubber water

Standard Industrial Classification

Suggested No Adverse Response Level

Distillation followed by colorimetric analysis.

Sour water stripper effluent

Activated carbon treatment wastes

Waste clay resulting from various clay contact
filtration practices.

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure

Total Dissolved Solids

Titrimetric

Total Suspended Solids

Total Volatile Organic Compounds

Volatile Organics Analysis
                                     139
-------
                          LIST OF REFERENCES
1.   Villanova University, PA. Water Pollution Control Demonstration. 1968.

2.   Cukor, P.M., M.J.Keaton, and G. Wilcox. A Technical and Economical Study of
    Waste Oil Recovery.  Part 111 Economic, Technical and Institutional Barriers to
    Waste Oil Recovery.  Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, CA.  October 1973.

3.   Whisman, M.L, J.W. Goetzinger, and F.O. Cotton. Waste Lubricating Oil
    Research: An Investigation of Several Re-refining Methods. U.S. Bureau of
    Mines, Bartlesville Energy Research Center, Bartlesville, OK. Report of
    Investigations 7884.  1974.

4.   Whisman, M.L., J.W. Goetzinger, and F.O. Cotton. Waste Lubricating Oil
    Research: Some Innovative Approaches to Reclaiming Used Crankcase Oil. U.S.
    Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville Energy Research Center, Bartlesville, OK. Report of
    Investigations 7925.  1974.

5.  Weinstein, N.J. Waste Oil Recycling and Disposal Prepared by Recon Systems,
    Inc. August 1974.

6.  "Oregon Traces Flow of Hazardous Materials." Solid Wastes Management (New
    York). 18:48-148, March 1975.

7.  Preliminary Assessment of Waste Oil Re- Refining. Aerospace Corp., El Segundo,
    CA, Env & Energy Conservation Division.  1976.

8.  Bigda, R.J. & Associates. Comparison of  BERG Re-refining Process with
    Acid/Clay/ Distillation Process. United States Department of Energy, Bartlesville
    Energy Research Center, Bartlesville, OK. Publication No. BERC/RI-77/19.
    December 1977.

9.  Bigda, R. J. & Associates.  Predesign Cost Estimate for Re-refined Lube Oil Plant.
    United States Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy Research Center,
    Bartlesville, OK.  Publication No. BERC/RI- 77/11. June 1977.
                                     140
-------
10.   Swain, J.W. Assessment in Industry Hazardous Waste Management Petroleum
     Re-Refining Industry. Wellesley, MA.  June 1977.

11.   Liroff, S.D. Management of Environmental Risk: A Limited Integrated Assessment
     of the Waste Oil Re-Refining Industry (Final Report). Teknekron, Inc., Berkley, CA,
     Resource Management Division. March 1978.

12.   Bigda, R.J., and Associates. The BERG Re- Refining Process: Comparison of
     Hydrofinishing Verses Clay Contacting. Richard J. Bigda & Associates, Tulsa, OK.
     July 1978.

13.   Irwin, W.A. "Used Oil: Collection, Recycling and Disposal." Technology Review.
     80:54-61, August/September 1978.

14.   Environmental Assessment of Residual Oil Utilization (Second Annual Report).
     September 1978.

15.   Benham-Blair-Holway & Spragins. The BERG Re- refining Process: An
     Engineering Evaluation.  U.S. Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy
     Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK. Publication No. BETC/RE-79/1. December
     1978.

16.   Brinkman, D.W., F.O. Cotton, and M.L Whisman.  Solvent Treatment of Used
     Lubricating Oil to Remove Coking and Fouling Precursors. U.S. Department of
     Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Division, Bartlesville, OK. Publication No.
     BETC/RI-78/20. December 1978.

17.   Whisman, M.L "New Re-Refining Technologies of the Western World." Journal of
     the American Society of Lubrication Engineers. 35:249-253, May 1979.

18.   Benham-Blair-Holway and Spragins. Comparison of Sludge Separation
     Processes in the BERG Used Lubricating Oil Re-Refining Process. U.S.
     Department of Energy, Division of Industrial Energy Conservation, Tulsa, OK.
     Publication BETC/4343-1.  August 1979.

19.   Linnard, R.E., and LM. Henton. "Re-refine waste oil with PROP." Hydrocarbon
     Processing. 58:148-154, September 1979.

20.   Thompson, C.J. and M.L. Whisman. "Waste Oil Recycling Utilizing Solvent
     Pretreatment". National Bureau of Standards  Special Publication 556. September
     1979.
                                     141
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21.  Reynolds, J.W., M.L Whisman, D.W. Brinkman, J.W. Goetzinger, and P.O. Cotton.
     "From oil: oil." Chemtech.  October 1979. pp. 629-631.

22.  Cotton, P.O., D.W. Brinkman, J.W. Reynolds, J.W. Goetzinger, and M.L. Whisman.
     Pilot- Scale Used Oil Re-Refining Using a Solvent Treatment/Distillation Process.
     U.S. Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville,
     OK. Publication No. BETC/RI-79/14.  January 1980.

23.  Engineering Design of a Solvent Treatment/Distillation Used Lubricating Oil Re-
     Refinery. Stubbs Overbeck & Associates, Inc., Houston, TX. June 1980.

24.  Weinstein, N.J., and D.W. Brinkman. Feasibility Study for the Retrofitting of Used
     Oil Re-Refineries to the BETC Solvent Treatment/Distillation Process. U.S.
     Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK,
     and RECON Systems, Inc., Somerville, NJ. Publication No. DOE/BC10044-8.
     September 1980.

25.  Vanik, C.A, and B. Gonchar. "Recycling of Used Oils." Second European
     Congress of the Recycling of Used Oils (Paris).  September/October 1980.

26.  Brinkman, D.W., M.L. Whisman, NJ. Weinstein, and H.R. Emmerson.
     Environmental, Resource Conservation, and Economic Aspects of Used Oil
     Recyucling. U.S. Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center,
     Bartlesville, OK. Publication No. DOE/BETC/RI-80/11. April 1981.

27.  Reynolds, J.W., and D. Brinkman. Application of the BETC Re-Refining
     Technology to Some State-of-the-Art Commercial Lube Oils. U.S. Department of
     Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK.  Publication No.
     DE81024428. July 1981.

28.  Berry, R.I. "Oil re-refining route is set for two plants."  Chemical Engineering.
     October 1981. pp. 92-93.

29.  Bowman, L.O. "Used oil management update." Hydrocarbon  Processing.
     February 1982.  pp. 86-89.

30.  Weinstein, K.D., T.D. Myers, S.R.  Craft. Enhanced Utilization of Used Lubricating
     Oil Recycling Process By-Products. U.S. Department of Energy, Booz, Allen &
     Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.  Publication No. DOE/BC/10059-19 (DE82007671).
     March 1982.
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31.  Reynolds. J.W.. etal.  A Closed-Loop Study of the Effects of Multicycle Re-
     Refining of Automotive Lubricating Oil.  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bartlesville
     Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK.  Publication No. DE82 005160.
     March 1982.

32.  Gabris, T. Emulsified Industrial Oils Recycling.  U.S. Department of Energy,
     Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK.  Publication No. DOE-
     BC/10183-1 (DE82009992). April 1982.

33.  Cowan, T.M., and D.W. Brinkman. Banbury Oil Recycling. U.S. Department of
     Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, and Hydrocarbon Recyclers, Inc.
     Publication No. DOE/BC/10329-4. April 1982.

34.  Gressel, A. "Waste Oils and Solvents Justify By-Products Recovery Plant."
     Industrial Wastes. July/August 1982. pp. 23-25.

35.  Brinkman, D.W., M. Gottlieb, and K. Koelbel. "Used motor oil poses environmental
     problem." Oil & Gas Journal. August 9,1982. pp. 163-165.

36.  Crandall, M.S. Pilot Control Technology Assessment of Chemical Reprocessing
     and Reclaiming Facilities.  August 1982.

37.  Crandall, M.S. Pilot Control Technology Assessment of Chemical Reprocessing
     and Reclaiming Facilities:  Walk-Through Survey Report of North Carolina Oil Re-
     Refining Facility.  Gardner, North Carolina. August 1982.

38.  Cotton, F.O. Waste Lubricating Oil:  An Annotated Review. U.S. Department of
     Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, OK. Publication No.
     DOE/BETC/IC-82/4.  October 1982.

39. . Booth, G.T. Ill, S.S. Odojewski, R.W. Rakoczynski, D.W. Brinkman. Used
     Lubricating Oil Re-Refining Demonstration Plant Data Acquisition - Topical Report I
     - Environmental Considerations. U.S. Department of Energy, Booth Oil Company,
     Inc., Buffalo, NY. Publication No. DOE/BC/10562-5. January  1983.

40.  Brinkman, D.W, K.D. Weinstein, and S.R. Craft.  "Utilization of By-Products from
     Used Oil Re-refining."  Energy Progress.  3(1):44-49. March 1983.

41.  Wilson, D.B., and D.W. Brinkman. Hydrotreating for Re-Refined Lubricating Oil.
     U.S. Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, and New
     Mexico State University.  Publication No. DOE/BC/10332-1 (DE 83009351).
                                      143
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42.  Surprenant, N.R, W.H. Battye, P.P. Fennelly, and D.W. Brinkman. The Fate of
     Hazardous and Nonhazardous Wastes in Used Oil Disposal and Recycling. U.S.
     Department of Energy, GCA Corporation, Bedford, MA. Publication No.
     DOE/BC/10375-6.  October 1983.

43.  Becker, D.A., S.M. Hsu, S. Weeks, D.W. Brinkman.  Lubricating-Oil Basestock
     Data and Analysis:  Based on the ASTM-NBS Basestock Consistency Study.
     U.S.Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville,
     OK, and National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Publication No.
     DOE/BC/10749-2 (DE84 002002). October 1983.

44.  Gonzales, T.A. Used Lubricating Oil Re- Refining Demonstration Plant Data
     Acquisition:  Lakewood Oil Service.  November 1983,
                                      \                   ,              ,     ,

45.  Brinkman, D.W., P. Fennelly, and N. Suprenant. "The Fate of Hazardous Wastes
     in Used Oil Recycling." National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 674.
     Conference on Measurements and Standards for Recycled Oil - IV, Gaithersburg,
     MD. July 1984.

46.  Brinkman, D.W., M.L Whisman. Recovery of Navy Distillate Fuel from Reclaimed
     Product. U.S. Department of Energy, National Institute for Petroleum and Energy
     Research, Bartlesville, OK. Publication No. DOE/BC/10823-6-Vols. 1 & 2
     (DE85000102). November 1984.

47.  Bhan, O.K., W.P. Tai, D.W. Brinkman.  Hydrofinishing of Re-Refined Used
     Lubricating Oil. U.S. Department of Energy, National Institute for Petroleum and
     Energy Research, Bartlesville, OK. Publication No. DOE/BC/10826-1
     (DE86010849).
                                                   . i,! ' ;       '          I
                                                                       I    '• •
48.  Wells, J.W., and D.W. Brinkman. "Recovery of Naval Distillate Fuel from Waste
     Marine Diesel Fuel." SAE Technical Paper Series. Government/Industry Meeting
     & Exposition, Washington, DC. May 1985.

49.  Brinkman, D.W. "Used Oil: Resource or Pollutant?" Technology Review. July
     1985.  pp. 47-70.

50.  Brinkman, D.W. "Waste Hydrocarbons Recycling." CEP.  March 1986.  pp. 67-70.

51.  Falconer, M., T. Wilson, and P. K. Beynon. "Re-refining used lubricating oil."
     Pollution Engineering.  XVIII(6):44-46.  June 1986.

52.  Berk, D.S. "Recycling Systems Give Waste Oil New Life."  Plant Engineering.
     35:103-106, August 6,1981.
                                     144
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53.  Franklin Associates, Ltd.  Composition and Management of Used Oil Generated in
     the United States. Prairie Village, KS. Publication No. PB/85-180-297.
     September 1984.

54.  Gonzales, T.A., T. Sparks, J J. Yates, H.P. Croke, D.W. Brinkman. Used
     Lubricating Oil Re-Refining Demonstration Plant Data Acquisition: Lakewood Oil
     Service. U.S.Department of Energy. Publication No. DOE/BC/10658-6
     (DE84001156).  November 1983.

55.  Bennett, K.W. "How Companies are Putting Waste Oil Back to Work." Iron Age.
     226:61-67, Decembers, 1983.

56.  Swain, J.W., Jr. "Conservation, Recycling, and Disposal of Industrial Lubricating
     Fluids." Journal of the American Society of Lubrication Engineers. 39:551-554,
     September 1983.

57.  Weinstein, K.D., T.D. Myers, and S.R. Craft. Enhanced Utilization of Used
     Lubricating Oil Recycling Process By-Products. U.S. Department of Energy,
     Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD. Publication No. DOE/BC/10059-19
     (DE82007671).  March 1982,

58.  Bidga, R. J. & Associates, and D.W. Brinkman. Review of All Lubricants Used in
     the U.S. and Their Re-Refining Potential. U.S. Department of Energy, Bartlesville
     Energy Technology Center, and Richard J. Bidga & Associates, Tulsa, OK.
     Publication No. DOE/BC/30227-1. June 1980.

59.  Bloch, H.P.  "Results of a Plant-wide Turbine Lube Oil Reconditioning and Analysis
     Program." Lubrication Engineering. 40:402- 408, July 1984.

60.  Whisman, M.L, J.W. Goetzinger, and F.O. Cotton. Waste Lubricating Oil
     Research: A Comparison of Bench-Test Properties of Re- refined and Virgin
     Lubricating Oils. U.S. Department of Mines, Bartlesville Energy Research Center,
     Bartlesville, OK.  Report of Investigation 7973.  1974.
                                      145
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