' rfSSarifc..***** J%«;,i4*i,,"s3 ~T%'-' ?;if •'"-" «wr' sP^BWk'-" '-•?•-^^Bfgjffii^gHBffl'Jt:' '^HBiB-l -'• i .i': .Tt.shAWiK.iii «s«>«* i" ------- ------- PRELIMINARY DATA SUMMARY FOR THE PULP, PAPER AND PAPERBOARD POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Office of Water Regulations and Standards Office of Water United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. August 1989 ------- ------- PREFACE This is one of a series of Preliminary Data Summaries prepared by the Office of Water Regulations and Standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Summaries contain engineering, economic and environmental data that pertain to whether the industrial facilities in various industries discharge pollutants in their wastewaters and whether the EPA should pursue regulations to control such discharges. The summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to respond to the mandate of section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act, which requires the Agency to develop plans to regulate industrial categories that contribute to pollution of the Nation's surface waters. The Summaries vary in terms of the amount and nature of the data presented. This variation reflects several factors, including the overall size of the category (number of dischargers), the amount of sampling and analytical work performed by EPA in developing the Summary, the amount of relevant secondary data that exists for the various categories, whether the industry had been the subject of previous studies (by EPA or other parties), and whether or not the Agency was already committed to a regulation for the industry. With respect to the last factor, the pattern is for categories that are already the subject of regulatory activity (e.g., Pesticides, Pulp and Paper) to have relatively short Summaries. This is because the Summaries are intended primarily to assist EPA management in designating industry categories for rulemaking. Summaries for categories already subject to rulemaking were developed for comparison purposes and contain only the minimal amount of data needed to provide some perspective on the relative magnitude of the pollution problems created across the categories. ------- ------- The Preliminary Data Summary for the Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source category is a collection of four documents: 1. Overview of the United States Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Industry and Production Processes. October 1987. 2. U.S.EPA / Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Screening Study. March 1988. 3. Statement of Martha G. Prothro, Director, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, before the Subcommittee on Water Resources of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, U.S. House of Representatives. July 13, 1988. 4. U.S. EPA / Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study: Analytical Results. June 16, 1989. Persons interested in obtaining additional copies of this summary may write to the following address: Industrial Technology Division WH-552 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 Telephone (202) 382-7131 ------- ------- OVERVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES PULP, PAPER, AND PAPERBOARD INDUSTRY AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES presented to U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY by E.C JORDAN CO. OCTOBER 1987 ------- ------- OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION 1, GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE INDUSTRY 2, GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESSES 3, REVIEW OF TYPICAL KRAFT BLEACHING PROCESSES 4, DISCUSSION OF OTHER PROCESSES UTILIZING 5, DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVE BLEACHING PROCESS CHLORINE OR BLEACHED PULPS ------- INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION 0 3 MAJOR SEGMENTS - INTEGRATED - SECONDARY FIBER - NONINTEGRATED 0 24 SUBCATEGORIES - PROCESSES - PRODUCTS ------- INTEGRATED PULP AND PAPER MILLS 0 PREPARES OWN PULP FROM WOOD, LOGS,.OR CHIPS 0 COOKS AND/OR BLEACHES PULP(s) FOR USE ON THE PAPER MACHINE(S) OR PULP DRYER 0 BLENDS PULP(s) AND PURCHASED PULP(s) FOR DESIRED PAPER PROPERTIES 0 MAKES PRODUCT ON PULP DRYER OR PAPER MACHINE 0 PRODUCTS INCLUDE: - BUSINESS PAPERS - BOOK PAPERS - MAGAZINE PAPERS - NEWSPRINT - UNBLEACHED BOARD - BLEACHED BOARD ------- SECONDARY FIBER PULP AND PAPER MILLS 0 PURCHASES WASTE PAPER AS MAJOR FIBER SOURCE 0 USUALLY PURCHASES PULPS FROM OTHER'MILLS; TO . BLEND FOR DESIRED PAPER PROPERTIES ! 0 WASTEPAPER MAY BE MILDLY COOKED TO SEPARATE FIBERS 0 SOME PRODUCTS WILL REQUIRE BLEACHED FIBER SO A SEPARATE BLEACHING SYSTEM MAY BE USED, TYPICALLY, THIS is A ONE OR TWO STAGE SYSTEM/ i,E,: H, OR CH 0 MAKE PRODUCT ON A PAPER MACHINE OR OTHER ; FORMER 0 MAJOR PRODUCTS MAY INCLUDE: - TISSUE • . - NEWS - PRINTING GRADES - BOARD GRADES - MOLDED PRODUCTS ; ------- NON-INTEGRATED PAPER MILLS 0 PURCHASES PULPS 0 BLENDS SELECTED PULPS FOR DESIRED PAPER PROPERTIES o MAKES PRODUCT(S) ON PAPER MACHINES 0 PRODUCTS INCLUDE PRIMARILY: - HIGH QUALITY FINE PAPERS - SPECIALTY GRADES - TISSUE ------- APPROXIMATE DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION OF MILLS BY SEGMENT (c. 1976) INTEGRATED KRAFT BLEACHED UNBLEACHED SEMi-CHEMiCAL SULFITE GROUNDWOOD MISCELLANEOUS SECONDARY FIBER DEINK OTHER MISCELLANEOUS NONINTEGRATED NUMBER OF FACILITIES 45 40 2"0 :2'2" ' 17 94 25 294 22 161 PRODUCTION (TONS/DAY) 46668 10173 8560 8237 56248 5870 34<325_ 3785 17770 ------- FACILITY LIST Subcategory Integrated Segment Dissolving Kraft Market Bleached Kraft BC7 Bleached Kraft Alkaline-Fine Unbleached Kraft o Linerboard o Bag Semi-Chemical Unbleached Kraft and S emi - Chemi ca 1 Dissolving Sulfite.Pulp Papergrade Sulfite Groundwood-Thermo- Mechanical Groundwood-CMN Papers Groundwood-Fine Papers Integrated Miscellaneous Secondary Fibers Segment Deink o Fine o Newsprint o Tissue Tissue From Wastepaper Paperboard From Wastepaper Wastepaper-Molded Products Builders' Paper and Roofing Felt. Secondary Fibers Miscellaneous Nonintegrated Segment Nonintegrated-Fine Papers o Wood Fiber Furnish o Cotton Fiber Furnish Nonintegrated-Tissue Papers Nonintegrated-Lightweight Papers o Lightweight Papers o Electrical Papers Nonintegrated-Filter and Nonwoven Papers Nonintegrated-Paperboard Nonintegrated Miscellaneous TOTAL Number of Plants 3 13 9 20 17 11 20 11 6 14 4 4 9 89 5 4 16 19 152 15 60 22 33 7 25 11 5 14 16 40 674 Direct 3 12 9 16 16 11 18 9 6 11 3 2 7 62 3 1 11 10 40 4 4 7 13 2 ~12 9 3 5 6 23 338 Indirect _ - - 3 1 - - 1 - - • - 2 2 15 1 3 3 2 72 8 29 9 9 3 11 - 2 7 10 9 202 Method of Indirect w/ Primarv _ - - 1 - ' 2 - — - - - - - 1 1 - - 1 16 - 5 3 4 - 2 - - 2 - 3 41 Discharge Indirect Self- & Direct Contained Unknown _ - — 1 - _ _ - _ _ • 1 i 3 1 _ _ • _ 7 3 1 _ _ 1 . 1 » ' A " -» 19 5 1 2 18 4 1 - 2 2 3 2 2 ' ,- - 2 - - - _ - 5 18. 56 19 ^Includes Fine Bleached Kraft and Soda subcategories. "Includes Papergrade Sulfite (Blow Pit Wash) and Papergrade Sulfite (Drum Wash) subcategories ------- o IE IT 3 O. (^ ' v*-i CM 00 cr> O >• Cfl UJ O I DC UJ Q. O U. O O o ------- ILI O S O < a: 2 a. o o < z o E ^ -J 5 D o a. Q < LU QC E y: -i o 550 UJ ------- GENERAL FLOW SHEET PULPING AND PAPERMAKING PROCESS RAW MATERIALS FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS WASTES WOOD PULP LOOS »• PREPARATION DEBARKED LO«S I (•ROUNDWOOO) *°.2I 1 CHIP' ACID 3ULFITE LIQUOR ri - * ALKALINE SULFATE LIQUOR _ _.„ ...... (KRAFT) ' 1»» PULPIN* NEUTRAL SULFITE LIQUOR f CHEMICAL CR REUSE p\ L_ "' EVA m_ (HEAT "O.6 TION LP PRO GASEOUS t. BARKE COOLII J WASH VI EMISSION LIQUOI BLOW ' ' SPILL 'ORATION r. GENERA- ^ «..fi-r TANK CONDI! "' *> OT "^ EMISSION ORE9S •>UCT' LIME KILN EMISSION MUD W 4 J, RECOVERY FURNACE ACID 1 i T EMISSION '- WASTK KRAFT a NEUTRAl EVAPORATION EMISSION f* SULFITE RECOV. IQUID SOLID .UME BARK REFUSE WOOD PARTICLES H BEARINO AND SLIVERS l« WATER SAWDUST ATER . E SPENT 1 fIT COLLECTED 9 18 ATE , RESIDUES WASHING ASHIN3 >LANT 1 ' ' 1— CONDENSATE —I r WHITE WATER OR ^ WASHIN8 FRESH WATER REUSE WATER *"l r SCREENING 1 r THICKENING AND RECOVERY WATERS FIBER LIQUOR KNOTS FIBER WATERS FIBER BLEACHIN8 AND OTHER «»L«VeHEO PULP NECESSARY CHEMICALS "~~| , J . < BLCACHIN9 r* FRESH WATER OR WHITE 1 WATER REUSE ~""^ FM l.F.R* 1 DYE ^ STOCK ALUM I PREPA HTAKCH | "^ , FHE9H WATRK OR RATION r WHITE WATER REUSE ' PAPER r^ MACHINE r , ._.,.. j^. R| F/\»; WATER VAPOR r 1 FINISHIN4 AND CO AT IN* PIOMENTS ' ' »• • ANOADHESIVES CONVERTINC WASH '1 1 FINISHED PAPER PRODUCTS H WASTES FIBER - UP , DIRT STOCK SPILLS WATER FIBER FILLERS BROKE t 1 - UP BROKE MTER COATIN*< 1 ------- TYPICAL KRAFT* BLEACHING SEQUENCES CEHD CEHDP CEHED CEDED CEHDED WHERE: c - CHLORINE E - SODIUM HYDROXIDE H - HYPOCHLORITE D - CHLORINE DIOXIDE 0 - OXYGEN P - PEROXIDE ------- i! s c- «/> x Ul -I e a a. 3 ------- OTHER PROCESSES USING CHLORINE, HYPOCHLORITE, OR BLEACHED PULPS 0 BLEACHED SULFITE PULP - CEH - CEHH 0 BLEACHED DEINKED PULP - C - H - CH - CEH 0 PURCHASED BLEACHED PULPS - KRAFT - SULFITE 0 WASTE PAPER - LEDGER TYPE - LOW GROUNDWOOD ------- ALTERNATIVE KRAFT BLEACHING PROCESSES USING OXYGEN 0 APPLIED AT DIGESTER BEFORE DISCHARGE 0 SEPARATE DELIGNIFICATION VESSEL FOLLOWING DIGESTER 0 USED AT BROWNSTOCK WASHER AREA 0 USED FOLLOWING FIRST BLEACH STAGE 0 USED IN THE EI STAGE TYPICALLY: OCED CEQD ; D/C EQ D . THE USE OF DO BEFORE BLEACHING EARLY IN THE BLEACH REDUCES THE LIGNIN CONTENT LOW ENOUGH SO FEWER BLEACH STAGES ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE BLEACHING, '. ------- DISCUSSION OF OXYGEN BLEACHING 0 CAN CONTINUE DEL IGNIFICATION (LOWER KAPPA NO,) MAKING FOLLOWING BLEACHING EASIER 0 CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH BLACK LIQUOR RECOVERY SYSTEM - REDUCE BOD LOSS - REDUCE COLOR - REDUCE DISSOLVED SOLIDS LOSS - REDUCE NET LOAD TO RECOVERY REDUCES TOTAL BLEACH DEMAND - MORE THAN SAME DELIGNIFICATION BY NORMAL COOKING 0 CHEMICAL SAVINGS CAN BE USED AFTER CHLORINATION BUT BENEFITS LESS PRONOUNCED EXCEPT TO REDUCE FOLLOWING HYPO OR CLOo DEMAND L 0 OXYGEN LESS EXPENSIVE THAN CHLORINE 0 RETROFIT COSTS INCURRED IN SWITCH FROM CHLORINE BLEACHING ------- ALTERNATIVE KRAFT BLEACHING PROCESSES USING CHLORINE DIOXIDE D/CEHD D/CEHED . D/CEDED DEDED - EXPERIMENTAL ------- DISCUSSION OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE SUBSTITUTION 0 'MORE SELECTIVE OXIDIZING BLEACHING AGENT 0 MADE KRAFT BLEACHING POSSIBLE - USED IN FINAL STAGE(S) 0 CAN REPLACE MUCH OF CHLORINE IN TRADITIONAL FIRST STAGE' - USE AS MIXTURE OF CLO^ AND Cl_2 - CHLORINATE AND FOLLOW WITH CLO^ - USE CL02 AND FOLLOW WITH Cl_2 (THIS is MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD) 0 IMPROVED FINAL PULP STRENGTH PROPERTIES* 0 HIGHER PULP VISCOSITY* 0 HIGHER BRIGHTNESS FOR GIVEN'TOTAL EQUIVALENT BLEACH APPLIED 0 REDUCED EFFLUENT COLOR 0 REDUCED TOXICITY AND MUTAGENICITY 0 RETROFIT COSTS INCURRED IN SWITCH FROM CHLORINE BLEACHING * DEPENDS ON SEQUENCE AND APPLICATION LEVELS, ------- APPLICATION OF ALTERNATIVE BLEACHING PROCESSES KRAFT MILLS USING CHLORINE AND/OR HYPOCHLORITE 84 MILLS (124 INCLUDING UNBLEACHED) KRAFT MILLS USING CLOo IN FIRST STAGE L 10 MILLS KRAFT MILLS USING OXYGEN - (DELIGNIFICATION OR BLEACHING) 9 MILLS SULFITE MILLS USING' CHLORINE AND/OR HYPOCHLORITE 17 MILLS (19 INCLUDING UNBLEACHED) DEINK MILLS USING CHLORINE AND/OR HYPOCHLORITE 30 MILLS MISCELLANEOUS PULPING MILLS USING CHLORINE AND/OR HYPOCHLORITE MILLS ------- OTHER MODIFIED BLEACHING SEQUENCES TO REDUCE CHLORINE NITROGEN DIOXIDE PRETREATMENT - BEFORE OXYGEN AND DEL IGNIFICATION - MAY REDUCE BOD - 55% - MAY REDUCE COD - 55% - MAY REDUCE TOCL - 55% - MAY REDUCE COLOR - 75% - THIS, IS AN EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS - SCA - SWEDEN - PROCESS IS UNDER DEVELOPMENT OZONE BLEACHING - POSSIBLE CLo REPLACEMENT - UNDER DEVELOPMENT - GRENOBLE, FRANCE - D, LACHENAL - LOWER PULP YIELD - LOWER VISCOSITY - LOW SELECTIVITY - CARBOHYDRATE DEGRADATION PEROXIDE BLEACHING - USUALLY H202 - EFFECTIVE FINAL TREATMENT TO REDUCE REVERSION - CAN REDUCE EQUIVALENT CHLORINE OR HYPOCHLORITE - COST FOR BUFFERED HoOo WITH CHELATING AGENTS AND POLYPHOSPHATES TS HIGH FOR MARGINAL BRIGHT- NESS GAINS - NOT A GOOD GENERAL BLEACH ON KRAFT PULPS ------- U.S. EPA/PAPER INDUSTRY COOPERATIVE DIOXIN SCREENING STUDY EPA 440/1-88-025, March 1988 This report is available under separate cover from the Industrial Technology Division, at the address given on page i. ! ------- STATEMENT OF MARTHA G. PROTHRO DIRECTOR OFFICE OF WATER REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON, D.C. July 13, 1988 Good morning. My name is Martha Prothro, and I am Director of the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water Regulations and Standards. I am here today to describe my office's nationwide initiatives concerning the chemical compound dioxin. These initiatives led to the discovery of dioxin contamination in the Pigeon River, as just described by Mr. Barrett. I will also discuss our strategy for additional data gathering and for protecting the aquatic environment from dioxin contamination. First, I will briefly describe the dioxin family of chemical compounds in order to provide you with some background on this issue. The family of dioxins includes over 200 related chemical compounds with varying chemical, physical, and toxicological properties. Dioxins are unwanted by-products in the manufacture of chemical products, in certain combustion processes, and in chemical wood pulp bleaching operations. ------- -2- Several of the dioxins are highly toxic, especially 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dtoxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Experimental studies with 2,3,7,8-TCDD in animals have demonstrated a variety of toxic effects. Based on these animal studies, EPA considers 2,3,7,8-TCDD to be a probable carcinogen in humans. EPA's specific regulatory efforts with respect to dioxin began in the early 1970's when the Agency initiated proceedings to cancel the registration of certain uses of the pesticide 2,4,5-tMchl orophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T). This compound and its precursor, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) were the only major sources of dioxin that had been identified at that time. It was discovered that 2,3,7,8-TCDD was formed in the synthesis of the 2»4,5-TCP intermediate in the manufacturing process. Because of the toxicity of dioxins, the persistence of dioxins in soils and sediments, and the detection of dioxins at a variety of sites in the U.S., EPA issued a Dioxin Strategy in 1983 to establish a framework for addressing dioxin contamination, The Dioxin Strategy included three initiatives: (1) a broad National Dioxin Study of dioxin contamination in the environment and its associated risks; (2) enforcement and cleanup actions directed at contaminated sites; and (3) evaluation of regulatory and disposal alternatives to prevent future environmental contamination. The Strategy also established a management framework for coordinating the numerous dioxin-related activities throughout the Agency. ------- -3- EPA's National Dioxin Study included investigation of production and disposal si,tes for the pesticide 2,4,5-t and its precursor 2,4,5-TCP. Waste combustion facilities were also investigated since 2,3,7,8-TCDD was determined to be present in incinerator flue gas. EPA also analyzed over 4,000 samples of soil, sediment, fish, water, plants, and animals from 862 sites nationwide. As a result of these investigations, further sampling, clean up actions, emergency removals, or the issuance \ of health and fish advisories were initiated at 53 sites where potential exposures presented cause for concern. A major, previously unexpected finding of the National Dioxin Study was that dioxin was present in fish downstream from 57 percent of the pulp and paper mill sites sampled. To follow up on these National Dioxin Study results, EPA sampled sludge at 22 pulp and paper mills in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Maine in late 1985. It appeared at the time that dioxin was probably being formed as a by-product during the bleaching of wood pulp with chlorine or chlorine derivatives. Of the 22 mills, the highest dioxin level in sludge was found at a mill in International Falls, Minnesota. In cooperation with our Region V Office, we decided to obtain detailed sampling data for this mill. In March 1986, EPA requested that the company provide access and assistance to EPA and State staff in an intensive dioxin sampling study. Before sampling actually took place at the request of the Minnesota mill, the American Paper Institute (API) and the National ------- -4- Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), asked to participate in this mill sampling and urged that the study be expanded from one to five mills. The industry agreed to fund a portion of the project and to supply detailed process Information for each mill selected for study. In June 1986, EPA and industry representatives entered into this agreement for a Cooperative Dioxin Screening Study, often referred to as the "Five Hill Study." The voluntary cooperation of the industry at this stage helped assure a more expeditious sampling program. Full scale sampling began in June and ended in January 1987. In the agreement, EPA retained its authority under Section 308 of the Clean Water Act to require additional data to be submitted if necessary. I While the sampling effort was underway, EPA successfully undertook to improve analytical methods so that additional dioxin and furan compounds could be analyzed at lower detection1 levels in the Five Mill Study. EPA provided Congress with preliminary results from the Five Mill Study along with the National Dioxin Study Report in September 1987. A summary of the preliminary results was also made public in October 1987 at an International Dioxin Symposium held in Las Vegas, Nevada. Dioxins and/or furans were found in the effluents of four of the five mills, the pulps of all five mills, and the wastewater treatment plant sludges of all five mills. EPA recently published the final technical report for the Five Mill Study. ------- -5- Because we found dioxin in the pulps at the five mills, it appeared necessary tp consider the possibile health impacts of the presence of dioxin in some consumer and food packaging products. We therefore provided this information to EPA's Office .; ' • ' of Toxic Substances (OTS) and other federal agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). An interagency group then agreed to follow up on the Five Mill Study by further character- izing dioxin levels at U.S. pulp and paper mills bleaching pulp with chlorine or chlorine derivatives. At the same time, the pulp and paper industry represented by API and NCASI expressed an interest in again cooperating voluntarily on follow-up work. In November 1987, we described to paper industry representatives in detail the data needs of the federal agencies, and a cooperative approach to gathering that information was developed. On March 8S 1988, the Office of Management and Budget approved the cooperative data collection activities agreed upon by EPA and the industry. On April 25, 1988, the cooperative . agreement was signed by all parties. Forty-two companies representing 103 mills where chlorine or chlorine derivatives are used to bleach pulp have agreed to participate. From this study, EPA will receive from each company all existing dioxin/furan analytical results, detailed bleach plant process information, information on wastewater treatment systems and sludge disposal practices, and dioxin/furan 5-day composite ------- -6- results of effluents, sludges, and pulps. Sampling has already begun. Again, the industry's willingness to cooperate in a study of the 103 mills assured the most expeditious information gathering possible. By agreement, the industry is funding the total project which is now underway. EPA is specifying consistent sampling and analytical protocols and reporting methods to be used and is auditing all stages of the study. Industry will submit to EPA much more extensive process information and dioxin data for 25 of the 103 mills the study covers. If any of the companies should fail to cooperate or if additional information is needed, EPA will exercise its authority under Section 308 of the Clean Water Act to require that all necessary information be developed and provided to us. EPA will release the results from this study as information becomes available. We expect to have all of the agreed upon dioxin analytical data by the spring of 1989. 9 In addition to the efforts already described, my staff is assessing treatment technologies to reduce dioxin levels. For example, samples were taken from two mills in December 1987 to assess the potential for reducing effluent levels; of total suspended solids and dioxin by adding coagulants or polymers. We expect to publish the results from this study next month. ------- -7- Another potential technology for reducing dioxin discharges is oxygen del igni'f icati on. This technology is a bleaching process where oxygen is used prior to chlorine bleaching. This summer we will sample several mills that use oxygen delignification. We plan to study the data from all of these activities and to revise, if necessary, the nationally applicable pulp and paper mill effluent limitations guidelines. These guidelines establish the minimum technology-based effluent controls that pulp and paper mills must achieve. One more study is currently underway that will be relevant to our regulation of dioxins in pulp mill effluents. The National Bioaccumulation Study was initiated to determine whether fish tissue has been contaminated by any of approximately 65 pollutants of concern, including dioxins and furans. EPA initiated this nationwide fish tissue sampling survey at approximately 400 sites to discover whether pollutants with properties similar to 2,3,7,8-TCDD might bioaccumulate in the aquatic food chain. Final results should be available by the spring of next year. To date, dioxin has been detected in fish tissue collected near 36 mills using chlorine to bleach pulp. No dioxin was detected in fish tissue collected near three mills. Levels in the whole fish samples ranged from less than 1 to 118 parts per trillion. Detectable levels in the fillet samples, the edible portions of the fish, were generally much lower than those found in the whole fish samples. Moreover, the levels in the fillets were ------- -8- found to be below the FDA acti-on level of 25 parts per trillion. However, in certain areas, state health agencies have issued fish consumption advisories. We anticipate that additional fish consumption advisories will be made as more data becomes available. Finally, I will briefly discuss our plans for issuing or revising discharge permits for the affected mills. EPA is developing a long-term NPDES permitting strategy for pulp mill dioxin discharges. We plan to issue final guidance to EPA regions and the states after review of the effluent, sludge, and pulp data from the cooperative study. However, in the meantime, permit writers will take appropriate action in modifying NPDES permits for mills where dioxin is detected. Appropriate permit require- ments may include effluent limitations on dioxin discharges, additional effluent and/or water quality monitoring requirements, reopener provisions to' allow for more stringent control require- ments wherever necessary and appropriate, and requirements to conduct further studies on treatment technologies. My staff is available to provide technical assistance to state and EPA Regional permit writers. You may be interested to know that EPA is also following dioxin-related activities in other countries. In November 1987, Office of Water staff met with representatives from the Swedish Environmental Protection Board and Environment Canada in Washington, D.C. to discuss., among other things, the presence ------- -9- of pollutants of concern, including dioxins/furans and other chlorinated organics in bleached pulp and paper mill effluents. Representatives of the three nations agreed to exchange informa- tion. In addition, we have had several subsequent technical exchanges with Environment Canada. This concludes my prepared testimony. I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have. Thank you. ------- ------- U.S. EPA / PAPER INDUSTRY COOPERATIVE DIOXIN STUDY ANALYTICAL RESULTS* This report presents all analytical data for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in pulp, effluent and sludge received to date under the Cooperative Dioxin Study. Data are listed by mill. Abbreviations used in this report are defined below. If there are any questions concerning the data, contact Jennie Helms at (202)382-7155. UNITS: The unit of measurement for 2378-TCDD/TCDF concentration ppt « part per trillion ppg « part per.quadrillion 2378-TCDD/TCDF CONCENTRATION: Reported value of chemical concentration ND = Not Detected, in these instances the value reported is the detection limit 'NQ = Not Quantified, lab analyses are being re-run for these samples LAB: The analytical laboratory which completed the analysis CAL - California Analytical Laboratories Enseco, CA WSU » Brehm Laboratory, Wright State Univ. Dayton, OH TRI - Triangle Laboratories Research Triangle Park, NC NOTES: Comments on analysis or sample origin LDUP - laboratory duplicate analysis PDUP = field duplicate sample ------- ------- Page No. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: AK * Ketchikan Pulp & Paper Pulp PPt Ketchikan 0.3 ND 0.3 ND WSU * Alaska Pulp Corp. Pulp ppt 0.7 ND Sitka 1.4 WSU ------- Page Mo. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study- Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** States AL * Container Corp. of America Effluent ppg 6.5 Pulp * ppt Sludge ppt * James River Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppg * Alabama River Pulp Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt * Kiroberly-Clark Corp, Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppg * Champion International Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Gulf States Paper Corp Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Brewton 10.0 HD CAL 2.3 16.0 23.0 3.3 1.2 3.7 330.0 41.0 40.0 46.0 43.0 3.9 3.8 81.0 73.0 68.0 35.0 0.3 4.1 11.0 2.6 3800.0 ial 77.0 3.5 23.0 215.0 >rp. 38.0 5.2 51.0 4.5 34.0 Butler 72.0 19.0 1.4 30.0 1100.0 Claiborne 250.0 250.0 210.0 120.0 97.0 98.0 373.0 393.0 342.0 Coosa Pines 74.0 ND 1.0 7.3 38.0 3.3 9200.0 Courtland 340.0 7.6 102.0 923.0 Demopolis 110.0 20.0 0.0 wsu CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL WSU NQ CAL Non-dewatered FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP Non-dewatered ------- Page No. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration * Boise Cascade Corp. Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt * International Paper Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp . ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Scott Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * International Paper Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppg 120.0 95.0 11.0 9.1 18.0 18.0 Co. 0.0 20.0 21.0 3.5 108.0 14.0 1.7 0.6 9.5 Co. 81.0 2.1 4.7 680.0 2378-TCDF Concentration Jackson 630.0 540.0 104.0 71.0 147.0 169.0 Mobile NQ 850.0 104.0 106.0 14.0 617.0 Mobile 19.0 2.2 0.8 18.0 Selma 310.0 21.0 22.0 2900.0 Lab CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL Comments FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP Non-dewatered ------- Page No. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: AR * Nekoosa Papers, Inc. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Georgia-Pacific Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppg Sludge ppg 41.0 2 . 8 5.5 13.0 Ashdown 96.0 6.0 7.7 19.0 168.0 0.0 NQ 190.0 Cresset 94.0 27.0 12.0 30.0 710.0 CAL wsu wsu CAL 370.0 59.0 89.0 308.0 1680.0 740.0 CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL PRIM LDUP Non-dewatered| LDUP Non-dewateredl * Potlatch Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * International Paper Co. Effluent ppg 110.0 Pulp ppt 21.0 Pulp ppt 23.0 Pulp PPt 5.0 Sludge ppt McGhee 40.0 100.0 CAL 21.0 59.0 WSU 12.0 83.0 WSU 91.0 433.0 CAL Pine Bluff 1100.0 CAL 647.0 WSU 661.0 WSU 57.0 WSU 185.0 2940.0 CAL; LDUP LDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: AZ * Stone Container Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt 5.5 0.7 ND Snowflake 39.0 1.3 CAL WSU I ------- Page No. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: CA * Simpson Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Gaylord Container Corp Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Simpson Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt * Louisiana Pacific Corp. Effluent ppg 250.0 49.0 278.0 'P- 49.0 32.0 101.0 100.0 20.0 Anderson 8400.0 2620.0 6740.0 Antioch 800.0 969.0 1570.0 Fairhaven 660.0 106.0 CAL WSU CAL CAL WSU CAL CAL CAL Samoa Pulp ppt 0.0 NQ 9.1 320.0 59.0 CAL CAL ------- Page Mo. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: FL * Champion International Cantonment Effluent ppg 11.0 ND 38.0 Pulp ppt 0.7 ND 4.1 Pulp Pulp Pulp Pulp Sludge PPt ppt ppt ppt PPt 1, 2. 2. 0 ND 0 0 4.9 14.0 CAL WSU 0.7 ND CAL 2.2 WSU 0.9 CAL 1.1 CAL 21.0 CAL LDUP LDUP FDUP LDUP LDUP,FDUP FDUP * ITT-Rayonier, Inc. Pulp ppt Georgia-Pacific Corp. Fernandina Beach 0.2 ND 0.5 ND WSU Palatka Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppg * Stone Container Corp. Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Buckeye Cellulose Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * St. Joe Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt 16.0 0.5 0.5 92.0 8.4 6.9 0.1 3.6 27.0 0.5 0.8 12.0 21.0 2.2 38.0 ND 0.9 ND 2.4 410.0 Panama City ND 7.9 18.0 ND 6.6 16.0 Perry 80.0 0.7 ND 2.5 40.0 Port St. Joe 60.0 5.7 CAL ND WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU Non-dewatered PRIM ------- Page No. 06/16/89 8 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: GA * Federal Paper Board Co Effluent ppq Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppq * Brunswick Pulp and Paper Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * iTT-Rayonier, Inc. Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Buckeye Cellulose Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt * Oilman Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppg Augusta 16.0 2.4 4.9 7.9 580.0 per 30.0 30.0 6.3 6.1 1.9 1.6 3.6 8.3 33.0 24.0 23.0 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 3.0 12.0 0.5 2.6 2.6 6.5 2.8 3.7 220.0 47.0 7.9 15.0 19.0 1400.0 Brunswick 68.0 50.0 8.0 9.4 3.5 2.9 4.3 12.0 62.0 Jesup 0.0 16.0 ND 0.8 ND 0.8 ND 0.6 ND 0.9 2.4 Oglethorpe ND 26.0 ND 0.9 6.1 3.0 St. Marys ND 17.0 6.8 12.0 610.0 CAL wsu wsu wsu CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU WSU WSU WSU CAL NQ CAL CAL ND CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL ND CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL Non-dewatered FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP LDUP LDUP Non-dewatered ------- Page No. 06/16/89 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: ID * Potlatch Corp. Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt 71.0 79.0 25.0 27.0 78.0 Lewiston 360.0 320.0 153.0 147.0 639.0 CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 10 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: KY * Wilamette Industries Effluent ppq Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppg Sludge ppq * Westvaco Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Hawesville 11.0 KD 8.0 ND CAL 0.3 ND 1.1 WSU 0.5 ND 1.9 WSU 83.0 380.0 CAL 52.0 210.0 CAL Wiekliffe 35.0 150.0 CAL 12.0 55.0 WSU 11.0 54.0 WSU 2.1 25.0 WSU 9.4 46.0 CAL Non-dewatered Non-dewatered LDUP LDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 11 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: LA * International Paper Co. Effluent ppg 330.0 Pulp ppt 5.1 Pulp ppt 5.7 Pulp ppt 6.3 Sludge ppt 140.0 * Boise Cascade Corp. Effluent ppg 9.2 Pulp ppt 5.3 Sludge ppg 280.0 * James River Corp. Effluent ppg 82.0 Pulp ppt 6.4 Pulp ppt 4.9 Sludge ppt 96.0 * Georgia-Pacific Corp. Effluent ppg 190.0 Pulp ppt 16.0 Pulp ppt 5.2 Pulp ppt 27.0 Bastrop 1600.0 22.0 23.0 42.0 677.0 CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL Deridder 44.0 8.7 440.0 FDUP FDUP CAL WSU CAL Non-dewatered St. Francesville 320.0 CAL 19.0 WSU 15.0 WSU 243.0 CAL Zachary Sludge ppt 17.0 0.0 NQ CAL 539.0 WSU 78.0 WSU 632.0 WSU 421.0 CAL ------- Page No. 06/16/89 12 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: MD * Westvaco Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt 16.0 29.0 80.0 Luke 49.0 157.0 471.0 CAL WSU CAL ------- Page No. 06/16/89 13 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: ME * Scott Paper Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt Co, 19.0 16.0 1.9 8.5 7.9 33.0 6.9 39.0 67.0 * Lincoln Pulp and Paper Effluent ppg 32.0 Pulp ppt 16.0 Sludge ppt 48.0 * James River Corp. Effluent ppg 39.0 Pulp ppt 13.0 Sludge ppt 12.0 * Boise Cascade Corp. Effluent ppg 120.0 Pulp ppt 116.0 Pulp ppt 17.0 Sludge ppt 105.0 * Scott Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Georgia-Pacific Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt 6.3 4.2 8.1 13.0 Hinckley 100.0 63.0 10.0 37.0 35.0 106.0 29.0 149.0 330.0 Lincoln 130.0 94.0 223.0 Old Town 130.0 51.0 34.0 Rumford 570.0 800.0 111.0 674.0 Westbrook 12.0 16.0 30.0 55.0 Woodland 6.8 25.0 0.4 ND 0.9 1.9 ND 7.3 CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU CAL CAL WSU CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL WSU CAL FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 14 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: MI * Mead Corporation Effluent ppq Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Scott Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Escanaba 17.0 ND 50.8 25.0 116.0 18.0 68.0 15.0 39.0 125.0 574.0 8.4 ND 0.3 ND 0.4 ND Muskegon 42.0 1.0 1.4 * Champion International Effluent ppq 9.0 Pulp ppt 7.7 Pulp ppt 7.8 Sludge ppt 95.0 Quinnesec 66.0 50.0 45.0 735.0 wsu CAL CAL CAL WSU CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL WSU FDUP FDUP LDUP LDUP FDUP FDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 15 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: MN * Potlatch Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt 24.0 1.2 2.4 5.0 Cloguet 46.0 5.0 7.9 25.0 CAL CAL CAL CAL ------- Page No. 06/16/89 16 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: MS * international Paper Co. Effluent ppg 160.0 Pulp ppt 7.3 Pulp ppt 15.0 Sludge ppt 161.0 * International Paper Co. Effluent ppg 38.0 Pulp ppt 3.6 Sludge ppt 14.0 * Leaf River Forest Products Effluent ppq 200.0 Pulp ppt 15.0 Pulp ppt 14.0 Pulp ppt • 3,8 Sludge ppt 681.0 Moss Point 920.0 36.0 105.0 1020.0 Natchez 220.0 15.0 78.0 New Augusta 410.0 35.0 23.0 7.7 CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL PRIM 0.0 NQ CAL ------- Page No. 06/16/89 17 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: MT * Stone Container Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppg 3.1 4.1 55.0 Hissoula 7.6 ND CAL 13.0 WSU 150.0 CAL Non-dewatered ------- Page No. 06/16/89 18 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: NC * Champion International Pulp ppt pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt * Weyerhauser Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt * Weyerhauser Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Federal Paper Board Co Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt Canton 17.0 6..0 6.5 4.6 5.8 175.0 172.0 44.0 7.5 373.0 213.0 320.0 10.0 14.0 33.0 1390.0 CO. 0.0 4.0 4.3 3.2 3.3 3.8 2.9 27.0 9.9 11.0 5.5 10.0 0.0 NQ 260.0 New Bern 180.0 45.0 1920.0 1600.0 Plymouth 4000.0 82.0 222.0 318.0 17100.0 Riegelwood NO 61.0 3.2 4.7 1.3 1.5 5.2 3.3 wsu wsu wsu wsu wsu wsu wsu CAL WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU wsu wsu wsu CAL CAL FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP LDUP LDUP LDUP LDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 19 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: NH * James River Corp. Effluent ppg 59.0 Pulp ppt 32.0 Pulp ppt 3.3 Sludge ppt 104.0 Berlin 1200.0 1110.0 41.0 2930.0 CAL WSU WSU CAL ------- Page No. 06/16/89 20 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results; Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: NY * Finch Pruyn & Co, Inc. Pulp PPt 0.3 * international Paper Co. Effluent ppg 18.0 Effluent ppq -24.0 Pulp PPt 16•0 Pulp PPt 17.0 Pulp PPt 31.0 Sludge ppt 59.0 Sludge ppt 306.0 Glens Falls 0.3 Ticonderoga 150.0 160.0 103.0 108.0 185.0 267.0 2470.0 CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL FDUP FDUP LDUP LDUP PRIM SEC ------- Page No. 06/16/89 21 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: OR * Pope & Talbot, Inc. Effluent ppg 30.0 Pulp ppt 10.0 Sludge ppt 31.0 * Boise Cascade Corp. Effluent ppg 22.0 Pulp ppt 4.2 Pulp ppt 4.4 Pulp ppt 6.5 Sludge ppt 4.2 Halsey 82.0 41.0 106.0 St. Helens 100.0 12.0 11.0 18.0 25.0 CAL WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL LDUP LDUP ------- Page No.. 06/16/89 22 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results; Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: PA * International Paper Co. Erie Effluent ppg 24.0 68.0 Pulp ppt 6.4 22.0 Sludge ppt 1.4 ND 3.0 Sludge ppt 0.9 3.1 * Penntech Papers, Inc. Effluent ppg 6.8 ND Effluent ppg 9.7 Pulp ppt 3.1 * Proctor £ Gamble Co. Pulp ppt 2.0 * Appleton Papers, ^nc. Effluent ppg " 11.0 ND Pulp ppt 1.0 Sludge ppt 5.0 * P.H. Glatfelter Co. Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt 6.5 Pulp ppt 0.4 Sludge ppt 0.0 NQ Johnsonburg 14.0 65.0 38.0 Mehoopany 1.1 Roaring Springs 18.0 21.0 113.0 Spring Grove 8.4 ND 26.0 65.0 210.0 3.9 13.0 18.0 2.2 GAL WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL CAL LDUP LDUP COMB RAW WASTE LDUP LDUP 0.0 NQ CAL ------- Page Mo. 06/16/89 23 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: SC * Bowater Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppg * Union Camp Corp, Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt 24.0 2.1 620.0 * International Paper Co. Effluent ppg 640.0 Effluent ppg 490.0 Pulp ppt 9.2 Pulp ppt 10.0 Pulp ppt 1.9 Pulp ppt 17.0 Pulp ppt 16.0 Sludge ppt 62.0 Catawba 42.0 3.3 880.0 20.0 0.4 ND 2.4 6.9 Eastover 53.0 1.3 5.6 13.0 Georgetown 1600.0 1500.0 38.0 41.0 7.7 55.0 52.0 161.0 CAL WSU CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU WSU WSU CAL Non-dewatered FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 24 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lai:) Comments ** State: TN * Bowater Corp. Effluent ppq Pulp PPt Sludge ppt Sludge ppt 6.8 ND 7.7 0.0 NQ 4.5 Calhoun 5.5 ND CAL 53.0 WSU 17.0 CAL 14.0 CAL LDUP Non-dewatered LDUP Non-dewatered * Mead Corporation Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt 6.0 1.5 3.0 ND Kingsport 44.0 26.0 25.0 CAL WSU CAL ------- Page No. 06/16/89 25 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: TX * Temple-Eastex, Inc. Evadale Effluent ppq 0.0 NQ Pulp ppt 1.9 Pulp ppt 3.1 Pulp ppt 7.8 Pulp ppt 4.1 Sludge ppt 16.0 0.0 NQ CAL 9.6 WSU 6.3 WSU 22.0 WSU 13.0 WSU 49.0 CAL * Champion International Houston Effluent ppq 0.0 NQ 86.0 PPt 4.9 £.8 Pulp Sludge ppt 106.0 144.0 * Simpson Paper Co. Effluent ppq Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pasadena 0.0 NQ 1400.0 14.0 48.0 18.0 66.0 4.5 11.0 * International Paper Co. Effluent ppq 13.0 Effluent ppq 18.0 Pulp ppt 7.1 Pulp ppt 12.0 Sludge ppt 71.0 Sludge ppt 0.0 NQ Texarkana 43.0 44.0 51.0 81.0 1000.0 600.0 CAL WSU CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL WSU WSU CAL CAL FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 26 -U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: VA * Westvaco Corp. Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Union Camp Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Chesapeake Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt Covington 180.0 520.0 CAL 18.0 ND 173.0 TRI 12.0 132.0 TRI 13.0 105.0 WSU 6.2 49.0 WSU 5.9 19.0 WSU 119.0 799.0 CAL Franklin 68.0 71.0 CAL 1.1 2.1 CAL 5.2 5.7 CAL 5.4 6.9 GAL 3.8 4.2 CAL 3.2 3.6 CAL 3.6 6.0 CAL West Point 16.0 96.0 CAL 8.3 14.0 CAL 14.0 47.0 CAL FDUP FDUP LDUP FDUP LDUP LDUP LDUP PRIM ------- Page No. 06/16/89 27 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments 0.0 NO 0.2 ND 0.3 ND 12.0 12.0 0.3 ND 0.3 ND 0.3 ND ** State: WA * Georgia-Pacific Corp. Pulp ppt * James River Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Weyerhauser Co. Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Pulp ppt * Scott Paper Co. Pulp ppt * Weyerhauser Co. Effluent ppq Pulp ppt Pulp ppt * ITT-Rayonier, Inc. Pulp ppt * Longview Fibre Co. Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Weyerhauser Co. Effluent ppg 10.0 Effluent ppg 8.5 Pulp ppt 1.7 Pulp ppt 1.6 Pulp ppt 7.7 Pulp ppt 1.7 Sludge ppt 25.0 Sludge ppt 0.0 NQ Sludge ppt 35.0 Bellingham 2.6 ND 449.0 WSU Camas 0.0 NQ CAL 0.6 WSU 0.9 WSU 152.0 WSU 105.0 CAL Cosmopolis 1.0 ND 6.3 0.0 NQ 6.4 3.1 2.9 WSU WSU WSU WSU FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP Everett 0.1 ND WSU 33.0 3.4 5.2 Everett 0.6 ND Hoguiam 260.0 16.0 20.0 3.8 CAL WSU WSU WSU Longview 4.6 ND 57.0 CAL 4.8 0.0 NQ WSU 4.7 18.0 WSU 69.0 437.0 CAL Longview 37.0 21.0 2.8 2.8 20.0 9.4 80.0 84.0 89.0 CAL CAL WSU WSU WSU WSU CAL CAL CAL FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP FDUP LDUP FDUP LDUP ------- Page No. 06/16/89 28 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments * ITT-Rayonier, Inc. Pulp PPt • * Simpson Paper Co. Effluent ppg Pulp PPt Sludge ppt * Boise Cascade Corp. Effluent ppg Pulp PPt Sludge ppt 0.6 ND Port Angeles 2.1 Tacoma wsu 0.0 NQ 27.0 12.0 38.0 0.6 NQ 87.0 Wallula 360.0 7500.0 56.0 1380.0 70.0 1490.0 CAL WSU CAL CAL WSU CAL ------- Page No. 06/16/89 29 U.S. EPA/ Paper Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study Analytical Results Sample 2378-TCDD Matrix Units Concentration 2378-TCDF Concentration Lab Comments ** State: WI * Wausau Paper Mills Co. Brokaw Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * James River Corp. Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppt * Nekoosa Papers, Inc. Pulp ppt Sludge ppt 4.2 ND 0.4 ND 3.2 11.0 8.5 ND 0.8 ND 35.0 22.0 09.0 14.0 9.9 68.0 Green Bay 61.0 29.0 7.1 250.0 Nekoosa 283.0 1300.0 CAL WSU CAL CAL CAL WSU CAL WSU CAL TO RIVER TO MSD * Nekoosa Papers, Inc. Effluent ppg 40.0 * Pentair, Inc. Effluent ppg 5.4 ND Pulp ppt 0.5 ND Sludge ppt 9.4 * Badger Paper Mills, Inc Effluent ppg Effluent ppg Pulp ppt Sludge ppg Nekoosa & Port Edwards 320.0 CAL Park Falls 4.8 CAL 0.9 ND WSU 90.0 CAL 9.8 4.5 4.4 36.0 * Nekoosa Papers, Inc. Pulp ppt 0.4 ND * Weyerhauser Co. Effluent ppg 12.0 Pulp ppt 15.0 Sludge ppt 58.0 * Consolidated Papers, Inc. Pulp ppt 20.0 Pulp ppt 18.0 Peshtigo 280.0 CAL 110.0 CAL 323.0 WSU 1800.0 CAL Port Edwards 4.1 WSU Rothchild 24.0 CAL 26.0 WSU 150.0 CAL Wisconsin Rapids 83.0 CAL 79.0 CAL Non-dewatered FDUP FDUP U.S. Government Printing Office : 1990 - 720-540/06614 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- |