&EPA
             United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
             Office of Water
             Regulations and Standards
             Washington, DC 20460
EPA 440/5-88/020
September 1988
             Water
Acidity-Alkalinity  (pH)
             Water Quality Standards
             Criteria Summaries:
             A  Compilation
             of State/Federal Criteria

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                            DISCLAIMER
 **,    ™    Publication was prepared by Battelle  under contract  to
 the   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency  (Contract   68-03-3534)
 Secondary  information sources were used to compile data presented
 in this  document.   Each State was given an opportunity to  review
 and provide comments on a draft of this information  document   In
 no  event   shall either the United States or  Battelle  have' any
 responsibility or liability for any use, misuse,  or  reliance upon
 the   information  contained herein, nor does  either  warrant  or
 otherwise  represent,in any way the accuracy, adequacy,   efficacy
 or applicability of the contents hereof.                   "cacy,

      The  reader should .consult the water quality standards of  a
 particular State for exact regulatory language  applicable-to that
 State.   Copies of State water quality standards  may be  obtained
 from   the  State's  Water  Pollution  Control  Agency   or   its
 equivalent.                                         '   *

      Additional information may also be obtained  from the:

                         Standards Branch
             Criteria and Standards Division (WH-585.)
             Office of Water Regulations and Standards
               U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                      Washington,  D.C.   20460
                           202-475-7315
     This  document may be obtained only from the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) at the following address:

                National Technical Information Service
                       5285 Front Royal Road
                    Springfield, Virginia 22161
                         703-487-4650

     The NTIS order number is:  PB89-141527

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INTRODUCTION

This  digest  is  compiled to provide general information to the public as veil
as  to  Federal,  State,  and  local  officials.  It contains excerpts from the
individual   Federal-State   water  quality  standards  establishing  pollutant
specific  criteria  for interstate surface waters.  The water quality standards
program  is  implemented  by , the  ,U-S.  Environmental  Protection-Agency where
responsibility   for   providing   water/  quality  recommendations,. approving
State-adopted  standards  for  interstate  waters,  evaluating adherence to the
standards,  and  overseeing  enforcement  of  standards  compliance,  has  been
mandated by Congress.                                       *   ,    •      -

Standards,  a nationwide strategy for surface water quality management, contain
three  major  elements:  the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife
propagation,  industrial,  or  agricultural) to be made of  the navigable water;
criteria  to  protect  these  uses? and an antidegradation  statement to protect
existing high quality waters from degradation by  the addition of pollutants.
Guidance  for the development of standards by individual States is contained in
two  EPA documents entitled Water Quality Standards Handbook (1983)  and Quality
Criteria for Water (1986).

This  digest deals with pH and its use in State water quality criteria.  The pH
is  an  indication of the degree of hydrogen ion  concentration and hydrogen ion
activity.    In  natural  conditions, pH is determined by weak and strong acids
and  bases,  and  their  salts.    Toxicologically, pH can  have certain adverse
effects  on  the physiology and development of many aquatic life forms.  It can
also  effect  the  degree  of.  toxicity  of  many chemicals  by altering their
solubility  and  association with the hydrogen ions or other elements  in water.
The  1986  Quality  Criteria  for Water recommends a criteria range  of pH which
will provide protection from adverse effects for  specific water uses.
Range
5-9
6.5-9.0
6.5-8.5
Domestic water supplies (welfare)
Freshwater aquatic life
Marine  aquatic  life (but not more than 0.2 units outside of normally
occurring range)         :
Since  water   quality   standards   are   revised   from   time   to   time,  following
procedures  set  forth  in the  Clean Water  Act, individual  entries in  this  digest
may  be   superseded.     This  digest will  be  updated periodically.  Because  this
publication   is   intended  for use only as a general  information reference,  the
reader  needs  to  refer  to   the  current   approved  water  quality standards to
obtain  the   latest information   for  special purposes and  applications.  These
can  be   obtained  from  the   State water pollution control agencies or  the  EPA
Regional  Offices.
                                      -2-

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                                   REFERENCES
 5   California Water Quality Standards by River Basins, ca. 1975


     For  more detailed information on selected basins,  sub-basins and stretches
     of  streams  and  coastal  areas  refer  to  California State Water Quality
     Standards.



 31   Water  Quality  Standards  for  Interstate  and  Intrastate  Streams in New
     Mexico,  State of New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission,  1988.


 35   Ohio  Water  Quality  Standards,  Chapter 3745-1 of  the Administrative Code
     Ohio Environmental Protection Agency,  1985.


 43   Texas  Surface  Water  Quality  Standards,   Texas  Water  Commission,   Rule
     Change,  1988.


 44   Utah  Standards   of  Quality  for  Waters of the State,  Wastewater Disposal
     Regulations:   Part  II,   State  of  Utah  Department  of Health:  Division of
     Environmental  Health,  1988.


 45   Vermont   Water  Quality  Standards,   State of Vermont Water Resource Board,
     1987.


 51   Water Quality  Standards for American Samoa,  1984, pp.  20-25.


 53   Revised    Guam  Water   Quality  Standards,   Guam Environmental   Protection
     Agency,  1984,  pp.  8 +  23.


 54   Commonwealth   of  Northern   Mariana   Islands Marine and  Fresh Water Quality
     Standards,  Commonwealth Register,  Vol.  8  No.  5,  1986,  p. 4464.


 56   Marine   and Fresh  Water   Quality  Standard  Regulations,  Trust  Territory,
     1986, p.  6.


 57   Environmental  Laws and  Regulations of  the Virgin Islands,  1985.
ENVIRONMENT  REPORTER.  The  Bureau  of National Affairs, Inc. Washington, D.C.



1   Pages 701:1003, June 26, 1981, 701:1004-1010, September 5, 1980

2   Pages 706:1003, 1007, November 7, 1986


3   Page 711:1017, February 7, 1986


4   Page 716t1004, August 30, 1985


7   Pages 731:1004-1008, May .14, 1982


8   Pages 736:1007-1010, March 28, 1986


                                     -3-

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9   Pages 746:1010.2-1010.3, September 5, 1986, 746:1011-1014. January 21, 1983

10  Pages 751:0504-0505, December 27, 1985

11  Pages 756:1003-1008, September 20, 1985            .                   .   •

12  Page 761:1027, January 23, 1987

13 'Pages 766:0505-0506, 0514, March 28, 1986, 766:0507-0508, May 25, 1984

14  Pages  771:1003-1006,  August  10,  1984,  771:1006.1-1006.4,  November 29,
    1985, 771:1007-1012, December 26, 1980, 771:1013-1019, January 10, 1986

15  Pages 776:1005-1006, February 13, 1987

16  Page 781:1011, March 27, 1987                           -....'

17  Pages 786:1008-1009, November 29, 1985

18  Page 791:1006, January 18, 1985

19  Pages 796:0104-0108, April 18, 1986

20  Pages 801:1001-1003, April 19, 1985

21  Pages 806:1002-1003, June 21, 1985

22  Page 811:1003, February 13, 1987

23  Pages S16:1006-100'9, June 25, 1982

24  Page 821:1002, October 25, 1985

25  Pages  826:1001-1004,  May 9, 1986, 826:1004.1, February 7, 1986, 826:1005,
    1008,  June 21, 1985             .                    :  ,         ".•'•••. ^   ;

26  Pages 831:1004-1009, April 19, 1985

27  Page 836:1003, March 27, 1987

28  Pages 841:1001-1002, 1011, February 22, 1985, 841:1003-1010, June 29, 1984

29  Page 846:1004, October 5, 1984

30  Pages 851:1009-1024, April 11, 1986

32  Pages 861:1007-1012, November 29, 1985

33  Pages 866:1009, 1012, August 29, 1986	

34  Pages 871:1002-1004, June 7; 1985

36  Page 881:1005, September 26, 1986

                                     -4-

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37  Pages 886:1005-1047,  May 9,  1986




38  Pages 891:1004-1006,  August  9,  1985




39  Pages 901:1001-1005,  August  9,  1985




40  Pages 906:1006-1009,  November 29,  1985




41  Pages 911:1005-1007,  March 22,  1985




42  Pages 916:0541-0544,  September  7,  1984,  916:1002,  April 28,  ,1?7.8;



46  Page 936:1002, February  28,  1986




47  Pages 941:1003-1005,  October 21,  1983




48  Pages 946:1003-1009,  August  10,  1984



49  Page 951:1002, March  13,  1987




50  Page 956:1006, July,  5,  1985




52  Pages 741:1001, 1003, March  28,  1986                        r-.,..,..




55  Pages 896:1003-1004,  December 23,  1983
                                     -5-

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                                      KEY
PWS   Public Water Supply

F&WL  Fish and Wildlife

Agr.  Agricultural

Ind.  Industrial

Rec.  Recreation

Nav.  Navigation

mg/1  Milligrams per Liter

SAR   Sodium Absorption Ratio

(For  explanation  of  use classifications, see EPA publication, General Stream
Use Designations.)
                                      -6-

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State and Water Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
Alabama

PWS, Swimming, F&WL,
*A&I, *IO, and Nav.
Swimming, F&WL, *A&I,
*IO, and Nav.
Shellfish
Sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes shall not
cause  the  pH  to  deviate more than one unit from the
normal  or  natural pH nor be less than 6.0 nor greater
than 8.5.

For estuarine and salt waters to which this
classification  is. assigned, wastes as described herein
shall  not  cause  the pH to deviate more than one unit
from  the  normal or natural pH nor be less than 6.5 or
greater than 8.5.

Sewage,  industrial  wastes  or  other wastes shall not
cause  the pH to deviate more than one unit from normal
or  natural  pH  nor  be less than 6.5 nor greater than
8.5.
*In  the  State  of  Alabama,  there  are  two separate
classifications:
1.  Agricultural & Industrial Water Supply (A&I)
2.  Industrial Operations (10)
Alaska^

Fresh Waters
PWS


Agr.


Aquaculture


Ind.

Rec. (Contact)
Rec.  (Secondary)

F&WL, Shellfish


"Marine Waters
Aquaculture
6.0  -  8.5 not vary more than 0.5 pH unit from natural
condition

5.0 - 9.0
6.8 - 8.5 for dairy sanitation

6.5  -  8.5 not vary more than 0.5 pH unit from natural
condition

5.0 - 9.0

6.5  -  8.5 not vary more than 0.5 pH unit from natural
condition;
If  the  natural  condition  pH  is  outside this range
substances  shall  not  be added that cause an increase
in buffering capacity of the water.

5.0 - 9.0

6.5  -  9.0 not vary more than 0.5 pH unit from natural
condition
6.5  -  8.5 not vary more  than 0.1 pH unit from natural
condition
                                      -7-

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State and ¥ater Use
Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
Seafood
Processing

Ind.

Rec. (Contact)



Rec. (Secondary)

F&WL, Shellfish
Harvesting for
Consumption of Raw
Mollusks or Other
Raw Aquatic Life
6.0 - 8.5 not vary more than 0.5 pH unit from natural
condition

5.0 - 9.0
                                                       u
6.5 - 8.5 If the natural condition pH is outside this
range  substances  shall  not  be  added  that cause an
increase in buffering capacity of the water.

5.0 - 9.0

6.5  -  8.5 not vary more than 0.1 pH unit from natural
condition

6.0 - 8.5 not vary more than 0.5 pH unit from natural
condition
Arizona"

DWS
FBC
IHC
A&W
Agl
AgL
 no  standard  NS
 6.5-9.0    0.5   maximum change
 6.5 -  9.0    0.5   due  to the
 6.5 -  9.0    0.5   activities of
 4.5 -  9.0    NS    man
 6.4 -  9.0    NS

 DWS =  Domestic Water  Source

 FBC =  Full Body  Contact

 IHC =  Incidental Human  Contact

 A&W «  Aquatic  &  Wildlife

 Agl *  Agricultural Irrigation

 AgL -  Agricultural Livestock Watering

 NS = No Standard
 Arkansas

 All
 6.0-9.0    Fluctuation  not  more  than  1.0  pH unit
 over a period of 24 hours.

 The  pH  shall  not  go  out of the range due to wastes
 discharged to the receiving waters.
                                      -8-

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State  and  Water Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH)  Criteria
California

(1A) Klamath River
Basin
(IB) North Coastal
Basin

(2) San Francisco Bay
Basin

(3) Central Coastal
Basin
(4A) Santa Clara River
Basin

(4B) Los Angeles River
Basin
(5A,B,C) Sacramento-
San Joaquin Delta
 The  pH  shall  not  be  depressed  below  6.5  nor  raised
 above 8.5.

 Changes  in   normal  ambient pH  levels shall not  exceed
 0.2  units  in  waters  with designated  marine  (MAR)  or
 saline   (SAL)   beneficial uses nor 0.5 units within  the
 range •  specified  above in  fresh waters  with designated
 COLD or WARM  beneficial uses.

 (Same as 1A)
 (Same as  1A)
Objectives for Inland Surface Waters, Enclosed Bays
and Estuaries

The  pH shall neither be depressed below 6.5 nor raised
above  8.3 in waters with designated REC-1, REC-2, AGR,
or  MUN  beneficial  uses.   For waters with designated
aquatic  habitat protection, including WARM, COLD, MAR,
and  BIOL,  and for waters not otherwise mentioned,  the
pH  shall  not  be  depressed below 7.0 or raised above
8.5.

Changes  in  normal  ambient pH levels shall not exceed
0.2  in waters with designated MAR beneficial uses,  nor
0.5  in  fresh  waters  with  designated  COLD  or WARM
beneficial uses.          r

(Same as 1A)
Objectives for Inland Surface Waters, Enclosed Bays
and Estuaries

(Same as 1A)

The following water quality objectives apply to all
inland  surface  waters  (excluding  the  Delta) of the
basins,  and  objectives  that  apply  only to specific
surface water bodies.

The  pH  shall  not  be  depressed below 6.5 nor raised
above  8.5.   Changes in normal ambient pH levels shall
not  exceed 0.5 in fresh waters with designated COLD or
WARM beneficial uses.

The  following  water quality objectives apply to Goose
Lake:  pH  shall  be less than 9.5 and greater than 7.5
at all times.

             -9-

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State and ¥ater Use
Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
(5D) Tulare Lake Basin
(6A) North Lahontan
Basin
(6B) South Lahontan
Basin
(7A) West Colorado
River Basin
 (7B) East Colorado
 River Basin
 (8) Santa Ana River
 Basin
The  following specific numeric objectives apply to the
waters  of  the  Sacramento-San  Joaquin  Delta.    All
waters  lying  within the legal boundaries of the Delta
are   covered  by  these  objectives  unless  otherwise
specified.

The  pH  shall  not  be  depressed below 6.5 nor raised
above-  8.5.   Changes in normal ambient pH levels shall
not  exceed 0.5 in fresh waters with designated COLD or
WARM beneficial uses.

The  pH  shall  not  be  depressed below 6.5 nor raised
above  8.3  nor  changed at any time more than 0.3 from
normal ambient pH levels.

The pH shall not be depressed below 6.5 nor raised
above  8.5, except in Eagle Lake where the pH shall not
be  depressed  below  8.0  nor  raised above 9.5 and in
Lake  Tahoe  where  the pH shall not be depressed below
7.0 nor raised above 8.4.

Changes  in  normal  ambient pH levels shall not exceed
0.5  units in fresh waters with designated COLD or>,_ WARM
beneficial uses.

The pH shall not be depressed below 6.5 nor raised
above 8.5.

Changes  in  normal  ambient pH levels shall not exceed
0.5  units in fresh waters with designated COLD or WARM
beneficial uses.

Changes in normal ambient pH levels attributable to
controllable  water  .quality  factors  shall not exceed
0.5  units;  and  shall not depress the receiving water
pH below 6.5 units nor raise it above 8.5 units.

Changes in normal ambient pH levels attributable to
controllable  water  quality  factors  shall not exceed
0.5  .units;  and  shall not depress the receiving water
pH below 6.5 units nor raise it above 8.5 units.

(1) All bay and estuary waters:

  ,, As  a   result of  controllable  water quality  factors,
   -. the - pH  shall  not be, depressed below 7.0 units  nor
   raised  above 8.6  units.

   •Changes  in  normal   ambient   pH   levels   shall   not
   ..exceed  0.2 units.
                                      -10-

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 State and Water Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
 (9) San Diego  Basin
 (2)  All  inland  surface  vaters:

    (a)   The   pH  of  all water  except  Baldwin. Lake shall
;.   not   be   depressed   below 6.5  units  nor Raised-above
    8.5   units as  a result  of controllable  water quality
    factors.   ,                       ,   .,

    (b)   The   pH  of  Baldwin Lake  shall-np.t be depressed
    below 6.5  units nor  raised  above" 8.9 units  as  a
    result of controllable  water quality factors.

    (c)  .Changes  in  normal ambient pH  levels shall not
    exceed 0.5 units  in  any inland surface  water.

Changes  in   normal  ambient pH levels shall not  exceed
0.2  units   in  waters   with designated marine (MAR) or
saline   (SAL)   beneficial  uses   nor  0.5 units in fresh
waters with  designated  COLD or WARM beneficial uses.

In   bays  and  estuaries   the pH  shall not  be depressed
below7.0 nor raised above 8.5.

In   inland surface waters  the pH  shall not  be depressed
below 6.5 nor raised above 8.5.

Ocean Plan

The  pH  shall  not be changed at  any  time more than 0.2
units from that which occurs naturally.
Colorado

Recreational:
Class 1; Primary
         Contact

Class 2; Secondary
         Contact

Aquatic Life;
Class 1; Cold Water
         Biota

Class I; Warm Water
         Biota

Domestic Water Supply:
6.5-9.0 units


6.5-9.0 units



6.5-9.0 units


6.5-9.0 units


5.0-9.0 units
                                     -11-

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State and ffater Use     	

Connecticut

Inland Water
Class AA PtfS

Class A  PtfS/Swim

Class B  Swim/Rec./Agr./Ind./F&WL

Class C  F&WL/Ind./Nav.

Class D

Coastal and Marine Vater
Class SA Shellfish/Swim

Class SB Swim/Rec./Ind./F&WL

Class SC F&WL/Shellfish/Nav./Ind.

Class SD

Groundwaters
Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
 Class  GA  PtfS
 Class  GAA PtfS
 Delaware

 All
         8
             as naturally occurs

             as naturally occurs

             6.5 - 8.0

             6.0. - 8.5

             Not specified


             6.8 - 8.5

             6.8 - 8.5

             6.5 - 8.5

             Not specified
 As naturally occurs  or as  may result  from normal
 agricultural,     horticultural    silviculture,     lawn
 maintenance   or  construction  activity  provided  all
 reasonable controls  are used.
 pH  shall  be  between  6.5 >- 8.5 unless due to natural
 conditions.   Where outside the stipulated range due to
 natural  conditions, shall not vary more than 57, due to
 human-induced changes.

 ERES  Waters:    Where  pH falls outside the range from
 6.5  to 8.5 due to natural conditions, no human-induced
 change shall be allowed.

 Alkalinity - Shall  not  vary  from natural conditions:
 (a) by more than 25% where >20 mg/1 as CaC03; or
 (b) where less than or equal  to 20 mg/1.
 Florida3

 All
 6.0 - 8.5    pH  -  shall  not  vary more  than one unit
 above  or below natural background provided  that  the  pH
 is  not  lowered  to  less than 6 units or raised above
 8.5  units.    If  natural  background  is  less  than 6
 units,   the  pH shall not vary below natural background
 ,or  vary more  than one unit above natural  background.
 If  natural  background is higher  than 8.5  units,  the  pH
                                       -12-

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 State aad Vater Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
 Class  I    PWS

 Class  II   Shellfish

 Class  III  Rec.

 Class  IV   Agr.

 Class  V    Nav.&Ind.


 Class  I    PWS

 Class  II   Shellfish
Class III Rec.
 shall  not  vary  above natural background or vary more
 than one unit belov natural background.

 Alkalinity
 no less than 20 mg/1 as CaCOS

 Not specified

 no less than 20 mg/1 as CaCOS

 not more than 600 milligrams (mg)/l as CaCOS

 Not specified

 pj
 Not specified

 pH  -  shall not  vary more  than one unit  above  or  below
 natural  background   of  coastal waters   as defined  in
 17-3.05(l)(c),   F.A.C.,   or  more   than  two-tenths unit
 above  or  below   natural  background of  open waters  as
 defined  in 17-3.05(l)(c),  F.A.C.,  provided  that  the  pH
 is  not  lowered  to  less  than 6.5 units or raised  above
 8.5  units.     If natural   background is less  than 6.5
 units  the   pH  shall not vary below natural background
 or  vary more   than  one unit above natural background
 for  coastal waters or more than two-tenths unit  above
 natural  background   for    open   waters.   If  natural
 background   is  higher than 8.5 units, the pH shall not
 vary above  natural  background or vary more  than one
 unit below  natural  background of coastal waters,  or
 more than   two-tenths unit  below natural background  of
 open waters.

 pH  -  shall  not  vary  more  than one  unit  above  or  below
 natural   background  of   predominantly fresh waters and
 coastal   waters as defined  in  17-3.05(l)(c),  F.A.C.,  or
 more than   two-tenths  unit   above  or   below  natural
 background  of open  waters  as  defined in  17-3.05(1)(c),
 F.A.C.,   provided  that   the   pH is  not lowered to  less
 than 6   units  in   predominantly fresh waters, or  less
 than  6.5   units  in   predominantly  marine   waters,  or
 raised  above 8.5 units.  If natural background is  less
 than  6   units,   in  predominantly   fresh waters or 6.5
units   in predominantly marine  waters,  the pH shall not
vary  below  natural   background  or vary more  than one
unit  above  natural   background of  predominantly  fresh
waters  and  coastal  waters,   or  more than  two-tenths
unit  above  natural   background  of  open   waters.   If
natural   background  is  higher  than 8.5 units, the  pH
shall  not  vary  above natural background or vary more
 than    one    unit   below   natural   background    of
predominantly  fresh waters and coastal waters, or more
than  two-tenths  unit below natural background of open
                                     -13-

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State and Water Use


Class IV  Agr.

Class V   Nav.&Ind.



Georgia10

PWS

Rec.

F&WL,Shellfish

Agr.

Ind.

Nav.
Havaii11
 Streams


 Elevated Wetlands

 Estuaries (except
 Pearl Harbor)

 Pearl Harbor

 Embayments

 Open Coastal Waters

 Oceanic Waters
      12
 Idaho

 All
 Illinois13

 General Standards
 Secondary Contact &
Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria

waters.

Not specified

pH   5.0-9.5 except certain swamp waters which may be
as low as 4.5
6.0 - 8.5

6.0 - 8.5

6.0 - 8.5

6.0 - 8.5

6.0 - 8.5

6.0 - 8.5
 5.5   -  8.0    pH  Units  shall not  deviate more  than 0.5
 units from ambient conditions for  all  seven  classes.

 4.5  - 7.0

 7.0-8.6


 6.8  - 8.8

 8.1

 8.1

 8.1
 Values  for  all  waters  are to be within the range of
 6.5 - 9.0  !
 pH  shall  be within the range of 6.5 to 9.0 except for
 natural causes.

 pH shall be within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 except for

              -14-

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State and  Water Use

Indigenous Aquatic
Life

Lake Michigan
Effluent  Standards
Acidity-Alkalinity  (pH) Criteria

natural  causes.
pH  shall  be within  the  range of  7.0  to  9.0  except  for
natural causes.

(a)  Except  as provided  below no  person  shall  cause or
allow  -the  pH  in any effluent  to be  outside the  range
of 6.0 - 9.0.

(b)  The  pH limitation is not subject  to  the averaging
rule contained in Section 304.104  (a).

(c)  Effluents  which  are monitored so as  to provide a
permanent,  continuous  pH record  may  be  outside of  the
listed  range  for  a  total  of   not  more  than fifteen
minutes   in   any   day   provided  the  excursion   is
accidental  and  less  than  one pH unit above  or  below
the listed range.

(d)  The pH 9 maximum limitation may be exceeded if  the
elevated pH level:
                           1)    is
                           lagoons,
                           or
             caused  entirely  by  algae  in  treatment
             in  which case there is no upper pH limit;
                           2)  is caused by  the addition of alkali  in  the waste
                           water  treatment  process   to cause precipitation  of
                           barium,  cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese,
                           zinc,  or other materials requiring such elevated  pH
                           for  treatment,   in which case  the upper limit shall
                           be  pH  10 and subsection (c) shall not  apply to the
                           upper limit.
                        (e)  The  burden  of  proving that paragraph  (c) or  (d)
                        applies is upon the discharger.
Indiana14

Aquatic Life
Lake Michigan: Open
Vater and Contiguous
Harbor Areas

Grand Calumet River;
Indiana Harbor
No  pH  values  below  6.0  nor above 9.0, except daily
fluctuations  which  exceed  pH  9.0 and are correlated
with photosynthetic activity, shall be permitted.

No pH values below 7.5 nor above 8.5, except daily
fluctuations which exceed pH 8.5 and are correlated
with photosynthetic activity, may be tolerated.

No pH values below 6.0 nor above 9.0, except daily
fluctuations  which  exceed  pH  9.0 and are correlated
with photosynthetic activity, shall be permitted.
                                     -15-

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State and ¥ater Use

Natural Spawning,
Rearing or Imprinting
Areas.for Salmonid
Fishes
 Migration Routes
 for Salmonid Fishes
Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
1.   Trail  Creek  and  tributaries  upstream  of  U.S.
Highway 35.

2.   Little  Calumet  River  and  tributaries  upstream
(easterly)  of the Wagner Road Bridge.  The Wagner Road
Bridge  is  located  downstream  of  Chesterton  at  the
southeast  corner of the southwest quarter, Section  26,
T37N, R6W, Porter County, Indiana.
                         3.   Kintzele  Ditch  (Black  Ditch)
                         downstream to Lake Michigan.
                                     from Beverly Drive
                         4.   Salt  Creek
                         Calumet River.
                 above   its   confluence with  the  Little
                         5.  Galena River and its tributaries LaPorte County

                         pH:  No  values  below  6.0  or above 9.0,  except daily
                         fluctuations  which  exceed  pH  9.0 and are correlated
                         with photosynthetic activity, may be tolerated.
 1.   Trail  Creek  from  Highway  35  downstream to Lake
 Michigan.

 2.    Little  Calumet  River  from  Wagner  Road  Bridge
 downstream to Lake Michigan via Burns Ditch.

 3.   The  St.  Joseph  River  and its tributaries in St.
 Joseph  County  from  the  Twin Branch Dam in Mishavaka
 downstream to the Indiana-Michigan State Line.

 pH:  No  values  below  6.0  or above 9.0, except daily
 fluctuations  which  exceed  pH  9.0 and are correlated
 with photosynthetic activity, may be tolerated.
 Iowa

 All
     15
 6.5  -  9.0  with  a  maximum
 result of a waste discharge
change o'f 0.5 units as a
 Kansas

 All
       16
 Artificial  sources  shall  not  cause  the  pH  of  surface
 waters  to be  below 6.5 nor above 8.5.
                                       -16-

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State and Water Use
           Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
Kentucky17

Aquatic Life and
Recreation
Louisiana

All
         18
Maine19

Class A


Class B-l

Class B-2

Class C

Class D

Class SA

Class SB1

Class SB2

Class SC

Class SD

        •jn
Maryland^

All Classes


Massachusetts

Inland Waters
Class A  PWS

Class B  Swim, F&WL
21
           6.0 - 9.0 and shall not fluctuate more than one (1) pH
           unit over a period of 24 hours
           6.0  -  9.0 unless natural conditions exceed this range
           or  where  otherwise specified.  No discharge of wastes
           shall  cause  the  pH  of the waterbody to vary by more
           than  one  pH  unit  within  the specified pH range for
           that segment where the discharge occurs.

           For  criteria  specific  segments,  see BNA Environment
           Reporter pages 791:1021 - 1056.
           None  which  would  be in a range that would be harmful  «
           to humans or aquatic life

           6.0-8.5

           6.0 - 8.5

           6.0 - 8.5

           No range that would impair uses

           6.7 - 8.5

           6.7 - 8.5

           6.7-8.5

           6.7 - 8.5

           No range that would impair uses
           6.5 -8.5
           as naturally occurs

           6.5  -  8.0;  not more than 0.2 units outside naturally

                        -17-

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State and Water Use


Class C  F&WL, Rec.

ma.
Class SB

Class SC

Michigan'

All
         22
                        Acidity-Alkalinity  (oH) Criteria

                        occurring range
                        6.5  -  9.0;   not more than 0.2 units  outside naturally
                        occurring range
                              -   8.5;  not more  than 0.2 units outside naturally
                         occurrring range

                         Same as  SA

                         Same as  SA
                         R 323.1053.  Hydrogen ion concentration.
                         Rule  53.   The hydrogen ion concentration expressed as
                         DH  shall  be maintained vithin the range of 6.5 to 9.0
                         in  all  vaters  of the state. Any artificially induced
                         variation  in  the  natural pH shall remain vithin this
                         range and shall not exceed 0.5 units of pH.
 Minnesota
          23
Class A
Class B
Class C
Industrial
Class A
Class B
Class C
Agricultur<
Class A
Class B
Navigation
PH
pH
pH
Consumption
PH
pH
pH
2 and Wildlife
PH
pH
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
- 8.5
- 9.0
- 9.0
- 8.5
- 9.0
- 9.0
- 8.5
- 9.0
and Waste Disposal
  Limited Resource Value Waters
                          pH   6.0 - 9.0
                                       -18-

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  State  and  Water Use

  Mississippi24

  PWS, Shellfish,  Rec.,
  F&WL
 Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
 The normal pH of the waters shall be 6.0 - 8.5 and
 shall  not  be  caused  to  vary  more  than  1.0 unit;
 however,   should  the  background  pH  be  outside  the
 limits,   it  shall  not  be  changed more than 1.0 unit
 unless  after  the  change  the pH will fall within the
 limits,   and  the Commission determines that there will
 be  no  detrimental  effect on stream usage as a result
 of the greater pH change.
 Missouri0

 Effluent Limitations for;
 Missouri and            6.0 - 9.0
 Mississippi Rivers

 Lakes and Reservoirs    6.0 - 9.0

 Losing Stream           6.0 - 9.0

 Wild and Scenic         6.0 - 9.0
 Rivers and Ozark

 National Scenic
 Riverways and Drainage  6.0 - 9.0
 All other waters
 Montana26

 Class
 A-closed - PWS

 A-l  -  PWS
pH:    Effluents  shall  not cause pH to be outside the
range of 6.5 - 9.0 in waters of the state.
no change from natural pH

6.5 - 8.5
B-l.-  PWS, Rec.,  F&WL,   6.5  -  8.5
Agr.,  Ind.

B-2 -  PWS, Rec.,  F&WL,   6.1  -  9.0
Agr.,  Ind.

B-3 -  PWS, Rec.,  F&WL,   6.5  -  9.0
Agr.,  Ind.

C^l -  Rec., F&WL, Agr.,  6.5  -  8.5
Ind.

£-2 -  Rec., F&WL, Agr.,  6.5  -  9.0
Ind.
                                     -19-

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State and ¥ater Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria

£-3 - Rec., F&WL, Agr., 6.5 - 9.0
Ind.

E - Agr., Ind. (non-    6.5 - 9.5
food)
In all cases except
Class E
Induced  variation  must  be < 0.5 pH unit.  Natural pH
outside  the  range  must be maintained without change.
Natural pH above 7.0 shall be maintained above 7.0.
Nebraska'

All
         27
6.5  -  9.0 unless pH values outside this range are due
to natural conditions.
 Nevada"0

 Classes A,B,& C         6.5 - 8.5 as a single value.
 PWS, Agr., F&WL, Rec.,  differs for each basin.
 Nav., Ind.
                              Annual median  range
 Class D  Nav., F&WL,
 Agr., Ind. (non-food)
 Nev Haapshire

 Class A

 Class B

 Class C
              29
 Nev Jersey

 FW1

 FW2

 PL



  SE

  SC
            .30
 6.0 - 9.0
 as naturally occurs

 6.5 - 8.0 or as naturally occurs

 6.0 - 8.5 or as naturally occurs




 as naturally occurs

 6.5 - 8.5

 3.5  -   5.5  unless   it  is demonstrated  that  a  pH  level
 outside    this    range   is  necessary   to   protect  the
 existing/designated  uses.

 6.5  - 8.5

 Natural  pH conditions shall  prevail.
                                        -20-

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 State and Water Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH)  Criteria

 Mainstern Delaware  River  and  Delaware  Bay
 Zones 1C,ID,IE

 Zones 2,3,4,5,6


 Zone IE

 Zone 2

 Zones 3,4,5,6
 New Mexico31

 Coldwater Fishery

 High Quality Coldwater
 Fishery

 Marginal  Coldwater
 Fishery

 Primary Contact
 Recreation

 Warmwater Fishery


Nev  York32

Class N

AA, A, B, C

D
 6.0 - 8.5

 6.5-8.5

 Alkalinity
 not < 20 mg/1

 20 - 100 mg/1

 20 - 120 mg/1

 FW1 = Rec., F&WL

 FW2 . F&WL, Rec., Agr., Ind., PVS

 PL    »  (Pineland  Waters) Cranberry bog water supply,
 PWS,  Rec.,  indigenous F&WL
                         SE
                         Rec.
          (Saline Waters and Estuaries) F&WL,  Shellfish,
                         SC  = (Coastal Saline Waters) Shellfish, Rec., F&WL

                         Zones 1C, ID, IE = Agr., Ind., PWS, F&WL, Rec.

                         Zones 2, 3 = Same as Zone 1 plus Nav.

                         Zones 4, 5,  6 = Ind., F&WL, Rec., Nav.
 6.6  -


 6.6  -


 6.6  -


 6.6

 6.0
8.8


8.8


9.0


8.8

9.0
Natural conditions

6.5 - 8.5

6.0 - 9.5

             -21-

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State and ¥ater Use     Acidi ty-Alkalini ty (pH) Cri teria
SA, SB, SC, SD, I
Normal  range  shall  -not  be  extended  by- more  than
one-tenth (0.1) pH unit
A - Special (Inter-national Boundary waters)
                         6.7 - 8.5

                        Fresh Waters
                        Class"AA - PWS and'any other usages

                        Class A  = PWS and any other usages

                        Class B  * Rec. and any other usages except PWS

                        Class  C    =  Fishing  and  any  other uses  except  PWS
                                   and Primary Contact Rec.

                        Class D  = Secondary  Contact Rec. but not  Fish

                        Saline Waters
                        Class SA = Shellfish  and  Rec.

                        Class SB = Rec. and any other use except  Shellfish

                        Class   SC = Fishing and other uses  except  Shellfish and
                                   Primary Contact Rec.

                        Class    SD    = All   vaters not  primarily  for  Rec.,
                        Shellfish, or Fish

                        Special Waters
                        Class A-Special  = PWS,  Rec.,  and  other  usages

                        Class   I   =  Secondary Contact  Rec.  and any other usage
                                    except  Primary  Contact  Rec.  and Shellfish
 North Carolina

 Fresh Waters



 Tidal Salt Waters
 pH  shall  be  normal  for  waters  in  the area, which
 generally  shall  range  between  6.0 - 9.0 except that
 swamp waters may have a low of 4.3.

 pH  shall  be  normal for the waters in the area, which
 generally  range  between  6.8  - 8.5 except that swamp
 waters may have a low of 4.3.
 North Dakota 4

 General Requirements    6.0 - 9.0

 Class I Streams         7.0 - 8.5
                                      -22-

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 State and ¥ater Use

 Class IA Streams

 Class II Streams

 Class III Streams
 Ohio35

 Aquatic Life Habit.

 Lake Erie Outside
 Excepted Areas

 Ohio River

 Nuisance Prevention
Oklahoma

F&WL
         36
Oregon
       37
 Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria

 Same as above

 6.0 - 9.0

 Same as Class II

 Class I   = F&WL, Rec., Nav., PWS, Agr.

' Class•IA  = Same as above

 Class II  = Same as above except PWS, Agr.

 Class III = Ind., Agr.




 6.5 - 9.0

 pH 6.5  to 9.0 with no change within that range
 attributable to man-induced conditions.

 No pH value below 6.0 nor above 9.0.

 6.5  -   9.0,   acid mine drainage streams over sandstone
 geotype are exempt from the pH criterion.
 6.5   -   9.0  unless  pH values  outside  this  range are due
 to   natural   conditions   (no   criteria  given  for other
 water uses)              .
North Coast-Lower  Columbia  Basin
Mid Coast Basin          PH  values  shall  not  fall  outside  the  following ranges:
Umpqua Basin                  Marine  waters:  7.0-8,5
South Coast Basin             Estuarine and fresh  waters:  6.5  -  8.5
Rogue Basin

Willamette Basin
Sandy Basin
Hood Basin
Deschutes Basin                                                      "       ,
John Day Basin
Umatilla Basin                                                  ,        ......
    Main Stem of Columbia River:    •     7.0:- 8.5                      '.".:•;'•'.. "•'
    All other Basin streams + waters:    6.5  - 8.5
Walla Walla Basin
     6.5 - 8.5
                                     -23-

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State and ¥ater Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
Grande Rohde Basin
    Main Stem Snake River:   7.0 - 9.0
    All other Basin streams: 6.5 - 8.5
Powder Basin
    All Basin Streams:

Halheur River Basin

Ovyhee Basin

Halheur Lake Basin
    6.5  -  9.5

    7.0  -  9.0

    7.0  -  9.0

    7.0  -  9.0
Goose and  Summer  Lakes Basin
    Goose  Lake:               7.5 -  9.5
    All  other  Basin waters:   7.0 -  9.0
Klamath  Basin
    7.0 - 9.0
 Pennsylvania 8

 Depending on Stream and Water Use
                         Alkalinity
                         HkTI     Equal  to  or > 20 mg/1 as  CaCO-j,  except where
                         natural  conditions  are less.   Where discharges are to
                         waters  vith  20 mg/1 or less alkalinity,  the discharge
                         should   not  further  reduce  the  alkalinity  of  the
                         receiving waters.

                         Alk2:   not < 20 mg/1 as CaC03.

                         Alk,:   Between 20 and 100 mg/1.

                         Alk^:   Between 20 and 120 mg/1.
                                      6.0

                                      6.5

                                      7.0

                                      6.0
                   9.0

                   8.5

                   9.0

                   8.5
 Rhode Island

 Fresh Waters
 Class A

 Class B
              39
as naturally occurs

6.5 - 8.0 or as naturally occurs
                                       -24-

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 State and Water Use

 Class C

 Class D

 Sea Waters
 Class SA

 Class SB

 Class SC
 South  Carolina40

 Fresh  Water
 Class  AA

 Class  A-TROUT

 Class  A (Svimming)

 Class  B-TROUT

 Class  B (PWS, F&WL)

 Salt Water
 Class  SAA

 Class  SA (Shellfish)
 Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria

 6.0 - 8.5

 6.0 - 9.0


 6.8 - 8.5

. 6.8 - 8.5

 6.5 - 8.5

 Class A = PVS

 Class B = Agr.,Swim,F&WL

 Class C = Rec.,  F&WL,  Ind.

 Class D = Fish migration

 Class SA = Shellfish,  Svim,  F&WL

 Class SB = Same  as  SA

 Class SC = Rec.,  F&WL,  Nav.
Class SB (Swimming)
Class SC (Fishing)
Natural Conditions

6.0  - 8.0

6.0  - 8.0

6.0  - 8.5

6.0  - 8.5


Natural Conditions

Shall not vary more than 3/10 of pH unit above or
below   that   of  effluent-free  waters  in  the  same
geographical  area  having  a  similar  total salinity,
alkalinity,  and temperature, but not lower than 6.5 or
above 8.5.

Same  as  above  except  variance  limited  to 1/2 a pH
unit;

Same as above except variance 1 pH unit.
                                     -25-

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State and Water Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria
            41
South Dakota

1) Domestic Water
   Supply
                      >6.5 and <9.0 units
2) Cold Water Permanent >6.6 and <8.6
   Fish

3) Cold Water Marginal  >6.5 and <8.8
   Fish

4) Warm Water Permanent >6.5 and <9.0
   Fish

5) Warm Water Semiperm- >6.3 and <9.0
   anent  Fish

6) Warm Water Marginal  >6.0 and <9.0

7) Immersion Recreation >6.5 and <8.3

8) Limited Contact Rec. >6.0 and <9.0

9) Wildlife Propagation >6.0 and  <9.5
    Stock Watering

 10)  Irrigation Waters   Not Available

 11)  Commerce & Industry >6.0 and <9.5
          42
 Tennessee

 Fish and Aquatic Life
 Other Classes
 (except Navigation)
 Texas
      .43
                        6.5   -   8.5   and  shall not  fluctuate more  than 1.0 unit
                        in this  range over  a  period of  24 hours.

                        6.0  - 9.0 and shall  not  fluctuate more  than  1.0 unit
                        in this  range over  a  period of  24 hours.
                        By Segment
  Utah'
      44
  Domestic Source
  (1C)
                        6.5 - 9.0


Recreation & Aesthetics 6.5 - 9.0
(2A, 2B)
                                       -26-

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 State and Water Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (pH) Criteria

 Aquatic Wildlife        6.5 - 9.0
 (3A, 3B, 3G, 3D)

 Agriculture (4)         6.5 - 9.0
 Vermont

 Class A Waters


 Class B Waters
 1.    pH  -  No  variation  from  background conditions
 vithin the range of 6.5 and 8.0.

 1.  pH - Values shall be maintained within the range of
 6.5  and  8.0.     The  change  or  rate of change in pH
 either  upward  or downward resulting from the discharge
 of  wastes  shall  be  controlled  so as to prevent any
 undue   adverse   effect  on  aquatic  biota,  fish  or
 wildlife.
 Class C Waters
Virginia'

All
         46
           47
 1.   pH - Values  shall be maintained within the range of
 between  6.5  and 8.0.   The change or rate of change in
 pH    either  upward  or  downward  resulting  from  the
 discharge  of wastes  shall  be . controlled  so  as to
 prevent  any  undue  adverse  effect  on aquatic biota,
 fish or wildlife.
                         6.0 - 9.0
Washington

Class AA  (Extraordinary)
Fresh

Marine
6.5 - 8.5 with a man-caused variation

7.0 - 8.5 within a range of less than 0.2 units
Class A (Excellent) and Class B(Good)
Fresh                   6.5 - 8.5 with a man-caused variation

Marine
Class C (Fair)
Fresh

Marine

Lake Class
7.0 - 8.5 within a range of less than 0.5 units


6.5 - 9.0 with a man-caused variation

6.5 - 9.0 within a range of less than 0.5 units

no measurable change from natural conditions
                                     -27-
                                     —2T9—

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State and ¥ater Use     Acidity-Alkalinity (nH> Criteria

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