United States Office of Water EPA/440/5-88-023
Environmental Protection Regulations and Standards September 1988
Agency Washington, DC 20460
&EPA Temperature
Water Quality Standards
Criteria Summaries: A
Compilation of
State/Federal Criteria
Printed on Recycled Paper
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DISCLAIMER
publicmtion was prepared by Battelle under contract to
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Contract 68-03-35347
f«C?S?!rJ inforTO**io.n »ource« were used to compile data presented
in this document. Each State was given an opportunity to review
-
of
ve *
no event shall either the United States or Battelle have
--
The reader should consult the water oualitv
Agency or ts
Additional information may also be obtained from the
«
Standards Branch
Criteria and Standards Division (WH-585)
Office of Water Regulations and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
202-475-7315
T * d°cument "^y be obtained only from the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) at the following address:
National' Technical Information Service
5285 Front Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
703-487-4650
The NTIS order number is: PB89-14155Q
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INTRODUCTION .
This " digest is compiled so provide general information to the public as veil
as to Federal, State, and local officials. It contains excerpts from the
individual Federal-State water quality standards establishing pollutant
specific criteria for interstate surface waters. The water quality standards
program is implemented by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency where
responsibility for providing water quality recommendations, approving
State-adopted, standards for interstate waters, evaluating adherence to the
standards, and overseeing enforcement of standards compliance, has been
mandated by Congress. . .
Standards, a nationwide strategy for surface water quality management, contain
three major alements: . th« use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife
propagation, industrial, or agricultural) to be made of the navigable water;
criteria to protect the/e uses; and an antidegradation statement to protect
existing high quality waters, from degradation by the addition of pollutants.
Guidance fos the development of standards by individual States is contained in
two EPA documents entitled Water Quality Standards Handbook (1983) ard Quality
Criteria foir Water (1986>. : — —' i
Temperature standards, which are the subject of this digest, are set to
control thermal pollution, or the amount of heated wastes discharged into a
water body. Thermal pollution creates adverse conditions which can inhibit a
balanced aquatic ecosystem by accelerating the activity of aquatic plants,
oxygen solubility and depleting mechanisms, and taste and odor.
The following guidelines were developed by EPA and published in Quality
Criteria ,*SL ?ater. 1986 (Gold Book) to assist states in developing and
implementing temperature policies.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For any time of year, there are two upper limiting temperatures for a
location (based on the important sensitive species found there at that time):
1. One limit consists of a maximum temperature for short exposures that is
time dependent and is given by the species- specific equation:
Temperature -(I/b)
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2. The second value is a limit on the weekly average temperature that:
a. \In the cooler months (mid-October to mid-April in the north and December
to February in the south) will protect against mortality of important species
to mid-April in the north and December to February in the south) will protect
against mortality of important species if the elevated plume temperature is
suddenly dropped to the ambient temperature, with the limit being the
acclimation temperature minus 2Pto C vhen the lover lethal threshold
temperature equals the ambient water .temperature, (in some regions this
limitation may also be applicable, in summer). .
;•.''• -: • •'. •• •-••'.•'••.- ..-••••. or- •'.'.- •.-.'•;• .' .'".••.'..'• ' '.-•-.
b. In the warmer months (,pril through October in the north and March
through November in the south) is determined by adding to the physiological
optimum temperature (usually for growth) a factor calculated as one-third of
the difference between the ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature and the
optimum temperature for the raost sensitive important species (and appropriate
life state) that normally is found at that location and time.
or
c. During reproductive seasons (generally April through June and September
through October in the north and March through May and October through
November in the south) the limit is that temperature that meets site-specific
requirements for successful migration, spawning, egg -incubation, fry
rearing, and other "reproductive functions of important species. These local
requirements should supersede all other requirements when they are
applicable.
or
d. There is a site-specific limit that is found necessary to preserve
normal species diversity or prevent appearance of nuisance organisms.
. . Marine Aquatic Life ...... .
In order to assure protection of the characteristic indigenous marine
community of a water body segment from adverse thermal effects:
a. the maximum acceptable increase in the weekly average temperature
resulting from artificial sources is 1° C (1.8 F) during all seasons of the
year, providing the summer maxima are not exceeded; and
b. daily temperature cycles characteristic of the water body segment should
not be altered in either amplitude or frequency. Summer thermal maxima, which
define the upper thermal limits for the communities of the discharge area,
should be established on a site-specific basis. Existing studies suggest the
following regional limits?
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Short-ten Maximum
Maximum True Daily Mean*
Sub tropical regions (south of 32.2~C (90T)29.4 C (85~F)
Cape Canaveral and Tampa Bay,
Florida, and Hawaii .
.Cape Battens, N.C., to 32.2°C (90°F) 29.4°C (85°F)
Cape Canaveral, Fla. '..','•
Long Island .(south.shore) . 30.I°C (87°F) 27.8°C (82o F)
• to-Cape Battens, N.C. .
(* True Daily Mean « average of 24 hourly teapentu?:e readings.)
Br seline thermal conditions should bt measurer, at a site where there is no
.unnatural thermal addition from any rource, which is in reasonable proximity
',o the thermal discharge (within 5 mil 43) and vh.ch has similar hydrography to
£hat.of the receiving waters at the discharge.
Since water quality standards are revised from time to time, following
procedures set forth in the Clean water Act, individual entries in this digest
may- be superseded. This diges^ will be updated periodically. Because this
publication is intended for use only as a general information reference, the
reader needs to refer to the current approved water quality standards to
obtain the latest information for special purposed and applications; These
can be obtained from the Stat
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• • ' ' • REFERENCES
5 Calif oral* Thermal Water Quality Control Plan for Control of Temperature
in Coastal and Interstate Waters and Enclosed Bays and Estuaries
9 Florida Administrative Code, Chapter 17-4, 1987 and Florida Administrative
Code, Chapter 17-3, 1988.
20 Water Quality and Water Pollution Control* Subtitle 50, Chapter 1
Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. '
35 Ohio Water Quality Standards, Chapter 3745-1 of the Administrative Code,
Ohio Environ aental Protection Agency, 1985.
38 Pennsylvanii Water .Quality Standards, Department of Environmental
Resources, Title 25. Part^l. Subpart C. Article II. Chapter 93 of
Pennsylvania Code.
40 South Carolina Water Classifications and Standards, Regulation 61-68,
Office of Environmental Quality Control, South Carolina Department of
Health and Environmental Control, 1985.
43 Texas Surface Water Quality Standards, Texas Water Commission, Rule
Change, 1988.
M Utah Standards of Quality for Waters of the State, Bastevater Disposal
45
y*telr lluallty Standards, State of Vermont Water Resource Board,
-
46 Virginia Water Quality Standards, State Water Control Board, 1987.
48
: State Water
51 Water Quality Standards for American Samoa, July 1984, page 17.
Standards' Gu«« Environmental Protection :
54 S23B!I.rlt5 °f ^rt*™ Mariana Islands Marine •«» F«sh Water Quality
Standards, Commonwealth Register, Vol.8, No. 5, 1986, page 4465.
56 dFr Standard UgulmtioM, Trust Territory,
57 1:
-5-
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EHVISONHEtiT REPORTER. She Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., ¥ashington, D.C.
20037.. .
1 Pages 701*1003-1004, June 26, 1931, 701:1005-1010, September 5, 1980.
2 Pages 706:1004, 1008, November 7, 1986. .
3 Page 711:1018, February 7, 1986.
,4 Page 716:1004, August 30,"1985, ~^~
6 .Pages 726:1009, 1012, August.22, 1986.
7 Pages 731:1004-1007, May 14, 1982. .
8 Pages 736:1007-1019, March 28, 1986.
9 Pages 746:1009-1J10, September 5, 1986.
11 Pages 756:1003-1007, Septeaber 20, 1985.
12 Pages 761:1027, 1031-32, January 23, 1987.
13 Pages 766:0506, 0508-0509, December 31, 1982.
14 Pages 771:1003-1004, August 10, 1984, 771:1007-1008, Deasmber 26,. 1980,
771:1014, 1016, 1019, January 10, 1986.
15 Pages 776:1005-1006, December 26, 1986. '
16 Page 781:1011, March 27, 1987.
17 Pages 786:1008-1009, November 29, 1985.
18 Page 791:1007, January 18, 1985.
19 Pages 796:0521-0522, January 23, 1987. .
21 Pages 806:1002-1003, June 21, 1985. ;!
22 Pages 811:1006-1007, February 13, 1987.
23 Pages 816:1006-1008, June 25, 1982.
24 Pages 821:1002-1003, October 25;,. 1985.
25 Page 826:1008, June 21, 1985.
26 Pages 831:1004-1009, April 19, 1985. •
27 Page 836:1003, March 27, 1987.
28 Pages 841:1001, 1005, 1008, Junjt 29, 1984.
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29 Page 846s 1005, Octobers, 1984.
30 Pages 851:1004, 1015-1016, 1025, April 11, 1986.
31 Page 856:1002, June 11, 1982.
32 Pages £61:1039-1040, November 29, 1985.
33 Pages 866:1008, September 6, 1985, 866:1009, 1013, August 29, 1986.
34 Page 871:1003, June 7, 1985.
36 Pages 881:1003-1005, September 26, 1986.
37 fSff ^v,?861™!!'1?^ 10°8' 1Q10' 1012-1013, 1015, 1017-1018, 1020,
1022-1023, 1025, 1028, 1030, 1032, 1036, 1038, 1040, 1042, 1044, 1046, May
9,- 1986.
39 Pages 901:1003, 1005, August 9, 1985.
41 Pages 911:1005-1006, March 22, 1985.
42 Pages 916:0542-0544, September 7, 1984.
47 Pages 941:1001, 1003-1005, October 21, 1983.
49 Pages 951:1002, 1004, December 19, 1986.
50 Pages 956:1005-1006, July 5, 1985.
52 Page 741:1003, March 28, 1986.
55 Page 896:1003, December 23, 1983.
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State . Water Oac mad Criteria Values
Alabama Public ¥ater Supply:
a. The maximum temperature in streams, lakes, and
reservoirs, other than those in river basins listed in
Part b, hereof, shall not exceed 90 F.
b. The maximum temperature in streams, lakes, and
reservoirs in the Tennessee and Cahaba River-Basins,
and for. that portion of the Tallapoosa River Bnsin
from the tailrace of Thurlow .Dam at Tallassee
downstream to the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa
Rivers which has been designated .by the Alabama
Department of Conservation and Natural Resources as"
supporting snail-mouth bass, satiger, or walleye, shall
not exceed 86 f.
e. The Ba>iaua in-stream temperature rise above
ambient witte? temperature due to the addition, of
artificial heat by a discharger shall not exceed 5°F
in streams!, lakes, and reservoirs in ion-coastal and
non-estuarine areas.
d. The maximum in-stream temperature rise above
ambient water temperature due to thus addition of
artificial heat by a discharger shall not exceed 4°F
in coastal or estuarine waters during the period.
October through May, nor shall the rine exceed 1.5°F
during the period June through September,,
•e. In lakes aid reservoirs there shall be no
withdrawal from, cor discharge of heated waters to,
the- hypolimnion unless it can be shown that such
discharge or withdrawal will be beneficial to water
quality.
f. In all waters the normal daily .and seasonal
temperature Variations that were present before the
addition of artificial heat shall be maintained, and
there shall be no thermal block to the migration of
aquatic organisms. .
g. Thermal permit limitations in State discharge
permits may be less stringent than those required by
criteria a through d hereof when a showing by the
discharger ' has been made pursuant to Section 316 of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA), 33
U.S.C. 1251 et seq. or pursuant to a-stindy of an equal
or more stringent nature required by the State of
Alabama, authorized by Title 22, Section 22-22-9(e),
Code of Alabama, 1975, that such limitations will
assure the protection and propagation of a balanced,
indigenous population of shellfish, fish and wildlife,
in and on the body of water to which the discharge is
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State ^ • Water Use and Criteria Values "-
made. Any such demonstration shall take into account
the interaction of .the thermal discharge component
with o|her pollutants discharged.
Svining and Other Whole Body Water-Contact Sports:
Same as Public Water Supply
Shellfish Harvesting: Same as Public Water Supply
Fish and Wildlife: Same as Public Water Supply
Agricultural and Industrial Water Supply:' The maximum
temperature rise above.natural temperatures before the
addition Of artificial heat shall not exceed 5°F in
streams, lakes, and reservoirs, nor shall the maximum
water temperature exceed 90 F,
Industrial Operations: Sime as Agricultural and
Industrial Water Supply
navigation: Same as Agricultural and Industrial Water
Supply
Alaska2 Fresh Water Uses:
Drinking, Culinary, and Food Processing - Shall not
exceed IS C.
Water Supply:
a. Agriculture, Including Irrigation and Stock
Watering - Shall not exceed 3D°C.
b. Aquaculture - Shall not exceed 20°C at any time.
The following maximum temperature shall not be
exceeded, where applicable:
Migration Routes - 15°C
Spawning Areas - 13°C ....
. . Rearing Areas - 15 C
Egg & Fry incubation - 13°C
For all .other waters,the weekly average
temperature shall not exceed site .specific
requirements needed to preserve normal species
diversity or to prevent appearance of nuisance
organisms.
c. Industrial, Including Any Water Supplies Used in
Association with _a Manufacturing or Production
Enterprise (Other Than Food Processing),
Including Mining, Placer Mining, Energy
Production or Development - Shall not exceed 25°C.
Water Recreation:
a. Contact Recreation - Shall not exceed 30°C.
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State . • - Water Ose and Criteria Values
b. Secondary Recreation - Hot applicable.
r ' • .
c. Growth and Propagation of Fish, Shellfish, Other
Aquatic Life, and Wildlife Including Waterfowl
and Fur bearers - Shall not exceed 20°C ai: any
time., The following maximum temperature shall not
be exceeded, where applicable?
' Migration Routes - 15 C
- . • Spawning Areas - 13 C
' . Rearing Areas - 15 C .
• .>••• £gg & Fry Incubation - 13 C. :
For. .all . other .waters, . the. weekly average
temperature shall not ixcoed site specific
requirements needed to preserve normal species
diversity or to prevent appeanimce of nuisance
organisms. -
Marine Waters: ' ' _
Water Supply:
a. Aquaeulture - Shall not cause thie weekly average
temperature to increase more than 1C. The
maximum rate of change shall not
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Stmte
Arizona'
Water Use and Criteria Values .
Domestic Water Source - No standard.
Full Body Contact and Incidental Human Contact - No
person shall raise the natural ambient water
temperature more than 3 degrees Celsius.
Aquatic and Wildlife - No person shall raise the
.natural ambient water temperature more than 3.o
degrees Celsius. .
Aquatic and Wildlife, Cold Water Fishery •- No person
shall raise the natural ambient water temperature more
than• l..o degrees Celsius. - ... .
Agricultural Irrigation and Agricultural Livestock
W/.teeing - No standard.
ArkunjutJi
Seat shall not be added to any waterbody in uxcess'of
the amount that will elevate the natural temperature,
outside the mixing zone, by more than S°F (2.8°C)
based upon the monthly average of the maximum daily
temperatures measured at mid-depth or three feet
(whichever is less) in streams, lakes or reservoirs;
Maximum allowable temperatures are ecoregion specific.
California-
thermal
The standards establish a complex set of
requirements. For many categories of receiviig
waters, requirements differ between "thermal wast•»"
(herein "TV," defined as water used for transporting
waste heat) and "elevated temperature waste" (herein
"ETff," defined a any discharge, including thermal
waste but excluding irrigation return water, which
exceeds the natural temperature of the receiving water.
1« Cold Interstate Waters 1 ETff's are prohibited.
2. Warm Interstate Waters
a) TV's with temperature greater than 5gF above
receiving water temperature are prohibited.
b) ETff's shall not raise receiving water temperature
by more than 5 F.
c) Colorado
Lake Havasu.
River - Maximum rise 5°F in river, 3°F in
Maximum temperatures in degrees
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State
Water Use and Criteria Values
Fahrenheit!
Jan
Feb
Bar
Apr
Hay
June
60
65
70
75
82
86
Jul
Aug
Sept
Get
Nov
Dee
90
90
90
82
72
65
d) Lost Itiver
temperature.
-- Maximum rise 2°F up to 62°F maximum
3. Coastal I Waters ' • .. . ...-.-..•.. •; '• ' ".•
a) Existing Discharges :
1) ETO's aust comply with limitations necessirry
:b protect beneficial uses.
b) Mev Jischarges. .
1' ETV's oust be to open ocean avay fror, the
shoreline, dispersion through the vertical
water column.
2) ETO's avay froa
significance.
areas of special biological
3) TV's oust have a naxiaua tdsaperature not
exceeding vater temperature by more than 20°F.
4) ET¥'s gust not increase vater tdioperature more
than 4°F at (a) shoreline, (b) surfaced beyond
1,000 feet froa the discharge system. Surface
liniti Bust be maintained at least 502 of the
tidal cycle. Alternate objectives may be
specified if they assure full protection of.
the aquatic environment. (May be specified
only vith State Board and EPA concurrence.)
5).Additional limitations may be imposed vhen
, necessary to protect the aquatic environment.
4. Enclosed Bays
a) Existing Discharges
1) ETW's must comply vith limitations necessary
to {protect beneficial uses.
b) Mev Discharges
1) ETV's must comply vith limitations necessary
to -protect beneficial uses. Maximum discharge
temperature must not exceed receiving vater
temperature by more than 20°F.
2) TV's vith temperature greater than 4°F above
receiving water temperature are prohibited.
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State Water Dae and Criteria Values
' . 5. Batuariea ',„,:.,
a) Existing Discharges
1) Ely's:
a) Temperature shall not exceed receiving water
temperature by more than 20 P.
b) Must not, individually or combined, create
zone (receiving water temperatures more than
1 P -above natural) which exceeds 25* of
cross-sectional area of main channel;
c) No .discharge shall cause: a surface water
temperature .rise greater than 4°F above the
•natural temperature of the receiving water at
any time or place. '
d) Additional limits necessary to protect
- beneficial, uses.
2) TV's must comply with 5A(1) and their maximum
temperature must not exceed. 86°F.
b) Hew Discharges
1) ETV's must comply with 5A(1).
2) .TV's with temperature greater than 4°F above
receiving water temperature are prohibited.
3) Additional limits necessary to protect
beneficial uses.
General Provisions - Standards also contain general
provisions which include the following:
1. Authorization for additional individual limitations
to confine heat dispersion to a 1 1/2°F isotherm.in a
minimal, defined area;
2, Prohibition of cumulative heat effects in excess of
the standards;
3. A requirement that the State Board designate
biologically significant areas for special protection?
4. Authorization to make exceptions if:
a) The heat discharge will be beneficial;
b) Intermittent heat is the least harmful method
of control fouling organisms in intake and
discharge structures;
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State • • Vater Use and Criteria Values
e) Compliance vould cause a great
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State
•
Connecticut'
Water Dae and Criteria Values
Inland Waters: Class AA. - No increase other than of
-.natural origin except when it can be demonstrated that
cold water fish spawning and growth will not be
impaired.
Inland Waters: Class A - Same as Class AA.
Inland Waters: Class B - No increase except where the
increase will not exceed the recommended limit on the
most -sensitive receiving water use and in no case
exceed 85 degrees F, or in any.case raise the normal
temperature of the. receiving water more than 4 degrees
. F. • . • . • . .'..'_ ...
Inland Waters: Class C - SEE* as Class B.
Coastal and Marine Waters: Class S£ -No increase
except where the increase will not exceed the
recommended , limit on the most sensitive receiving
water use and in no case exceed 83 degrees F or in any
case raise the normal temperature of the receiving
water more than 4 degrees P. During the period
including July, August, September, the normal
temperature of the receiving water shall not be raised
more than 1.5 degrees F. unless it can be shown that
spawning and growth of indigenous organisms will not
be significantly affected.
Coastal and Marine Waters: Class SB - Same as Class SA.
Coastal and Marine Waters: Class SC - Saiie as Class
SA. . '•-.-'
Delaware'
General Criteria for Freshwater Streams - Outside
approved mixing zones, maximum rise above natural
conditions shall be 5 degrees F. Maximum allowable
strean temperature shall be 85 degrees F. unless
exceeded due to natural conditions. No increase above
85 degrees F. due to discharge shall be allowed.
Cold Water Fisheries - Outside approved mixing zones,
maximum rise above natural conditions shall be 5
degrees F. Maximum allowable stream temperature shall
be ^75 degrees F. unless exceeded due to natural
conditions. No increase above 75 degrees F. due to
discharge shall be allowed.
General Criteria for Saltwater Streams - Outside
approved mixing zones, maximum rise above natural
conditions shall be 4 degrees F. (September through
May) and 1.5 degrees F. :~ •.'..•'• .-.'•'.
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State •• _ aauej: use anu waiteri& »a-Lues
i5 degrees.due to discharge shall be allowed.
Specific (Criteria for Delaware River - No heat may be
added except .in designated mixing zones vhich vould
. . cause temperature to exceed 86 P. or which would cause
the temperature to be raised sore than 4°F during
September through Hay or to be raised more than 1.5°F
during June through August. The rate of temperature
change in designated mixing zones shall not cause
Mortality of fish, shellfish, their eggs or larvae.
' Q . • • •••••. ' .••''.'•..-.'. " .-
•Florida . . All surface waters of the State shall at all places
-. •.. ••'.'. ... and at all times be free from thermal components of
discharges which alone or in coribination with other
components of discharges (whether th
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State Water Use and Criteria Values
b. The projected lifetime of the existing
discharge;
c. Any adverse economic and environmental
(including non-water quality) impacts which
would result from such conversion; and
d. Such other factors as may be appropriate.
b.. Heated water sources proposed for future discharges
into RBW controlled by the state shall not increase
.the water temperature by more than the monthly
temperature limits prescribed for the particular type
and location of the BB¥. New sources shall include all
expansions, modifications, alterations, replacements,
or repairs which result in an increased output of ten
percent .(10*) or aore of the level of energy
production which existed on the date this rule became -
effective. .Water temperatures shall be measured by
procedures approved by the Florida Department of
Pollution Control (DPC). In all cases where a
temperature rise above ambient is allowed and a
maximum RBff temperature is also prescribed, the lower
of the two limitations shall be the control
temperature. . t
e. Definitions. . '
i. Ambient (natural)" temperature of a RBV is the
existing temperature of the receiving water at a
location irhiefa is unaffected by manmade thermal
discharges and a location which is alsc> of a
depth and exposure to winds and currents which
typify the most environmentally stable portions
of the RBV.
ii. Coastal waters shall be all waters in the
state which are not:classified as .fresh waters or
. as open-waters. ''••'• • ' ,: ••'••'..
Ui. A cooling pond is a body of water enclosed
by natural or constructed restraints which has
been approved by the Florida DPC for purposes of
controlling heat dissipation from thermal
discharges. -•."_"'
iv. An existing heat source is any thermal
discharge (a) which is presently taking place, or
(D) which is under construction or for which a
construction or operating permit has been issued
prior to the effective date of this rule.
v. Fresh waters shall be all waters? of the state
which are contained in lakes and ponds, or are in
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SUitc • ' Water Dae pad Criteria Values
floving streams above the zone in which tidal
actions influence the salinity of the water and
where ! the concentration of chloride ions is
normally less than 1500 ag/1.
vi. Open waters shall be waters in the state
extending seaward from the most seaward 18-foot
depth contour line (three-fathon bottom depth
contour)• which is offshore from any island;
.... exposed or submerged bar or reef; or mouth of any
enbayment or estuary which in . narrowed, by
headlands. Contour .lines shall be determined from
.. .Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts. . ;..."'..
vii. The joint of discharge (POP) for a heated
water .discharge shall be primarily that point at
which the effluent physically leaves its carrying
conduit /open or closed), and discharges into the
waters of the state, or, in the went it is mot
practicable to measure temperaturct at the end of
the discharge conduit, a specific point
designated by the Florida Department of Pollution
Control for that particular thermal discharge.
viii. Heated water discharges are the effluents
from commercial or industrial activities or
processes in which water is used for the purpose
of transporting waste heat, and which constitute
heat sources-of one Billion British Thermal Units
per hour (1,000,000 BTU/HR.), or greater.
• •
ix. Slowdown shall mean the minimum discharge of
recirculating cooling water for the purpose of
discharging materials contained in the water, the
further buildup of which would cause
concentrations in amounts exceeding limits
established by best engineering practice.
x. Recirculating cooling water shall mean water
which is used for the purpose of removing waste
heat and then passed through a cooling system for
the purpose of removing such heat from the water
and then, except for blowdown, is used again to
remove waste heat.
d. Monthly and maximum temperature limits
i. Fresh Waters - Heated water with a temperature
at the POD more than 5 degrees F higher than the
ambient (natural) temperature of any stream shall
not be discharged into such stream. At all times
under all conditions of stream flow the discharge
temperature shall be controlled so that at least
two-third (2/3) of the width of the stream's
surface remains at ambient (natural) temperature.
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State . ffmteg Use and Criteria Values •
Further, no more than, one-fourth (1/4.) of the
cross-section of the stream at a traverse
perpendicular to the flov shall be heated by the
.discharge. Heated vater vith a temperature at the
POD more thin'3 degrees F higher than the ambient
(natural) temperature of any lake or reservoir
shall not be discharged into such lake or
reservoir. Further, no heated vater vith a
temperature above 90 degrees F shall be
discharged into any fresh vaters in Northern
Florida regardless of the ambient temperature of
the HBV. In Peninsular Florida, heated vaters
above 92 degrees F shall not be discharged into
• ' ' ' • fresh vaters."•' ' • _' ••••"' '• • ''-••'•
ii' Coastal Waters - Heated vater vith a
* temperature at the POR more than 2 degrees F
higher than the ambient (natural) temperature of
the RBff shaU not bs discharged into coastal
vaters in any zone during the months of June,
July, August, and September. During the remainder
of the year, heated vater vith a temperature at
the POD aore than 4 degrees F higher than the
ambient (natural) temperature of the RBtf shall
mot be discharged into coastal vaters in any
zone. In addition, during June, July, August,-and
September, .no heated vater vith a temperature
above 92 degrees F shall be discharged into
coastal vaters. Further,• nonheated vater vith a
temperature above 90 degrees F shall be
discharged into coastal vaters during the period
October through May.
iii. Open Vaters - Heating vater vith a
temperature at the POD up to 17 degrees F above
ambient (natural) temperature of the RBtf may be
discharged from an open or closed conduit into
. open vaters under the folloving restraints: The
: surface temperature of the RBV shall not be
raised to more than 97 degrees F and the POD must
. be sufficient distance offshore to ensure -that
the adjacent coastal vaters are not heated beyond
the temperature permitted in such vaters.
iv. Cooling Ponds - The temperature for heated .
vater discharged from a cooling pond shall be
measured at the POD from the pond, and the
temperature limitation shall be that specified
for the RBW.
e. General.
i. Daily seasonal temperature variations that
vere normal to the RBV before the addition of
ho&t from other than natural causes shall be
-19-
-------
State
Use .and Criteria Values
Maintained. •
ii. Recapitulation of temperature limitations
prescribed above s .
ZONE
STREAMS LAKES
COASTAL
OPEN
SUMMER
REMAINDER
NORTH.
PENIN.
90oF Max 99°F Max. 92o Max. 90°F Max. 97°F Max.
AM. +S°F AM.->3°P AM. +2°F AM. +4°P AM. *15oF
92°F Max. 92°F Max. 92°F Max. 90°P Max. 97°F Max.
AM. +5°F AM. +3°F A«. +2°F AM. +4°F AM. fl^p'
Georgia'
10
Drinking Water Supplies - Not co exceed. 90 degrees. F.
At no tine is the temperature of the receiving vaters
to be increased more than 5 degrees F above intake
temperature except that -in estuarine vaters the
increase will .not be more than 1.5 degrees F. In
streams designated as primary trout or smallmouth bass
vaters by the State Game and Fish Division, there
shall be ho elevation or depression o£ natural stream
temperatures. In.streams designated as secondary trout
vaters, there shall be no elevation or depression
exceeding 2 F of natural stream temperatures.
.Recreation - Same as Drinking Water Supplies.
Fishing, Propagation of Fish, Shellfish, Game and
Other Aquatic Life: or for any other use requiring
water of a lover quality - Same as Drinking Water
Supplies.
Agricultural -. Hot to exceed 90 degrees F. At no time
is the temperature of the receiving vaters to.be
increased more than 5 degrees F above intake
temperature except that in estuariite waters -the
increase will not be more than 1.5 degrees F.
Industrial - Same as Agricultural.
Navigation - Same as Agricultural.
Bavaii
11
Vater Column Criteria for Streams - Temperature.shall
not vary more than 1C from ambient conditions.
Specific Criteria for All Estuaries Except Pearl
Harbor - Temperature shall not vary moiris than 1°C from
ambient, conditions.
-20-
-------
State . Water Use and Criteria Values
Specific Criteria for Only Pearl Harbor Estuary -
Temperature shall not vary more than 1°C from ambient
conditions.
:• - f -' f- - '-.- ' ^"T-I ' " •' ' ".
Specific Criteria for Subayaents - Temperature shall
not vary more than 1C from ambient conditions.
Specific Criteria for Open Coastal Waters
Temperature snail, hot vary more than 1°C from ambient
conditions, . . ••'•.' __- ;.. .•• •
. ' ... , • . . ..
Idaho ¥»ir» ¥ater Biota - Hater temperatures of 33°C or less
vith a maximum daily average hot greater than 29 ?C.
Cold ¥ater Biota - Water temperatures of 22°C-or less
.srith a maximum daily average of no greater tha'i 19°C.
- . * .
Salaonid Spawning - Water .temperatures of 13°C or less
vith a maximum daily average no greater than 9°C.
Regulations Governing Point Source Vastewater
Discharge - The vastewater must not affect the
receiving vater outside the mixing zone so that:
i. The temperature .of the receiving water or of
downstream waters will interfere with designated uses.
ii. Daily and seasonal temperature cycles
characteristic of the vater body are not maintained.
iii. If the water is designated for warm water biota,
the induced variation is more than +2°C.
iv. If the water is designated for cold water biota or
salmonid spawning, the induced variation is more than
• '. • . *1 C. •. •'/.."• ' • . ' . . • • . ••....-...-,
Illinois a. Temperature has STORET number (P°) 00011 and (C°)
0010.
b. There shall be no abnormal temperature changes that,
may adversely affect aquatic life unless caused by,.,
natural conditions.
c. The normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations which existed before the addition of heat
due to other than natural causes shall be maintained.
d. The maximum temperature rise above natural
temperatures shall not exceed 2.8°C (5°F).
-21- • . ' '
-------
State • • Water Use and Criteria Values
«. In addition the water temperature at representative
locations in the nain river shall not exceed the
maximum limits in the following table during more than
one percent of the hours in the 12-month period ending
with any month. Moreover, at no time shall the water
temperature at such locations exceed the maximum
limits in the following table by more than 1.7°C (3°F).
JAN.
FEB.
MAR.
AER.
MAT
JUNE
16
16
- 16 -
. 32
32
•32
60
60
60
90
90
90
JUL.
AUG.
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV.
DEC.
32
32-
' 32
32
32 •
16 '
90
.90
90
90
90
60
f. The owner Or operator of a source- of heated
effluent which., discharges 15,000 megawatts (0.5.
billion British thermal units per hour)'or more shall
demonstrate in a hearing before this Board not less
thim 5 nor more than 6 years after the .effective date
of these regulations or, in the case of new sources,
after the :ooaencement of operation, that discharges
from that source have not caused iund cannot be
reasonably expected to cause significant ecological
damage to the receiving waters. If such proof is not
made to the satisfaction of .the Board appropriate
corrective measures shall be ordered to be taken
within a reasonable time as determined by the Board;
g. Permits for heated effluent discharges, whether
.issued by the Board or the Agency, shall be subject to
revision in the event that reasonable future
development creates a need for realloeation of the
assimilative capacity of the receiving stream as,
defined in the regulation above.
h. The owner or operator of . a source of heated
effluent shall maintain such records and conduct such
studies of the effluents from such sources .and of
their effects as my be required by the Agency or in
any permit granted under the Act.
i. Appropriate corrective measures will be required
if, upon complaint filed in accordance. : with Board
rules, it is found at any time thsit any heated
effluent causes significant ecological damage to the
-------
State ; • Water Dae and Criteria Values
receiving stream.
j. All effluents to an artificial cooling lake must
.comply with the applicable provisions of the thermal
water (quality standards as set forth in Section
302.211 and Part 303, except when all of the following
requirements are met:
1. All discharges from the artificial cooling
lake to other waters of the State comply with the
applicable provisions of Sections 302.211(b)
through 302.211(e).
2. : The heated effluent discharged to the
artificial cooling lake complies with all other
applicable provisions of this Chapter, except
Sections 302.2il(b) through 302.211(e).
3. At an adjudicative hearing the discharger
shall satisfactorily demonstrate to the Board
that the artificial cooling lake receiving the
heated effluent will be environmentally
acceptable, and within the intent of the Act,
including, but not limited to:
A. Provision of conditions capable of
supporting shellfish, fish and wildlife, and
recreational uses consistent with good
management practices; and
B. Control of the thermal component of the
discharger's effluent by a technologically
feasible and economically reasonable method.
4. The required showing in Section 302.211(j)(3)
may • take the form of an acceptable final
environmental impact statement or pertinent
provisions of environmental assessments used'in
the preparation of the final environmental
statement, or may take the form of a showing
pursuant to Section 316(a) of the CWA, which
addresses the requirements of Section
302.211
-------
Stmt* later use and Criteria Values
Secondary Contact and Indigenous Aquatic Life
Standards:
a. Temperature (STORE! number (°F) C0011 and (°C)
00010) shall not exceed 34°C (93°F) more than 5X of
the time, oir 37.8 C (100 F) at any time.
Lake. Michiffjin later Quality Standards:
a. STORE! numbers for temperature are (°F) 00011 and
ro oooio.
b. The ovner vc operator of a source' .of heated
effluent . shall maintain s-ich records and conduct such
studies of the effluents from such source and of their
effects as may be required by the Agisney or in any
permit granted under the /.ct.
e. Backfitting of alternative cooling facilities will
be required if, upon complaint filed in accordance
vith Board rules, i.t is found at any time that any
heated effluent causes significant ecological damage
to the Lake. '
Existing Sources on January 1, 1971. ,
a. All sources of heated effluents in existence as of
January 1, 1971 shall meet the following restrictions
outside of a mixing zone which shall be no greater
than a circle vith afradius of 305 m (1000 feet) or an
equal fixed area of simple form.
1. There shall be no abnormal.temperature changes
that may affect aquatic life.
.2. The .normal daily, and seasonal .temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addition of
heat shall be maintained.
3. The maximum temperature rise at any time above
natural temperatures shall not exceed 1.7°C
(3 F). In addition, the water temperature shall
not exceed the maximum limits indicated in the-
following table:
-24-
-------
Stmte ••'.•'.. gater Pae and Criteria Values
°F °C °F
JAN.
FEB.
MAR.
APR; •-..-•.
HAT ; ' .
JUN.
45
45
45
55
60
70
7
7
7
13
16
21
JUL.
AUG.
SEPT.
OCT.
NOV. .
DEC.
80
80
80
65 .
60
.50
27
27
27
18
.16
10'
b« The owner or operator of a source of heated
effluent yhich discharges 15.000' megawatts (0.5
billion British Thermal Units per hour) or more shall
demonstrate in a hearing before this Board not less
than 5 nor more than six years after the'adoption.of
this regulation, that discharges from that source have
not caused and cannot be reasonably expected in future
to cause significant ecological damage to the Lake. If
such proof is not made to the satisfaction of the
.Board, backfitting of alternative cooling devices
shall be accomplished within a reasonable time as
determined by the Board.
Specific river temperatures are listed iii Environment
Reporter, pages 766:0510-0512 (March 28, 1S86).
14
Indiana later Quality for ¥arn Water Pish:
(The following standards are established to ensure
conditions necessary for the maintenance of a
;well-balanced, warm water fish community. They are
applicable at any point in the waters outside of the
mixing zone.)
*• There shall be no abnormal temperature changes that
may adversely affect aquatic life unless caused by
natural conditions.
b. The .normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addition of heat
due to other than natural causes shall be maintained.
c. The maximum temperature rise at any time of place
above natural temperatures shall not exceed 5 degrees
P. (2.8 degrees C.) in streams and 3 degrees F. (1.7
degrees C.) in lakes and reservoirs.
-25-
-------
State
Water Uac and Criteria Values
d. Water temperature shall not excised the maximum
limits in the following table during more than one
percent of the hours in the 12-mont;h period ending
with any Month; at no time shall the winter temperature
at . such locations exceed the maxima limits in the
table by more than 3 degrees P. (1.7 degrees.C.).
St. Joseph River. Other
Ohio River . Tributary to Indiana
Main Stem .
O«' fQf, \ •
F. I C.J
^•^^•^ ^w«»^ wr !!•.•• ^a»^»»»<»
Lake Michigan Streams
°P (°C.) _ °P (°S.)
January
February
March
.April
Hay
June
July
August:
September
October
November .
December
50 (10.0)
30 (10.0)
60 (15.6)
70 (21.1)
80 (26.7)
87 (30.6)
89 (31.7)
89 (31.7)
8? (30.7)
78 (25.6)
70 (21.1)
,57 (14.0)
50 (10.0)
50 (10. 0)
55 (12.8)
65 (18.3)
75 (23.9)
85 (29.4)
85 <29.4)
85 (29.4)
85 (29.4)
70 (21.1)
60 (15.6)
50 (10.0)
50 (10.0)
50 (10.0)
60 (15.6).
70 (21.1)
80 (26.7)
90 (32.2)
90 (32.2)
90 (32.2)
90 (32.2) "
78 (25.5)
70 (21.1)
57 (14.0)
Water Quality for Cold Vater Pish:
(The folloving standards are established to ensure
conditions necessary for the maintenance of a
veil-balanced, cold vater fish community. They are
applicable at any point in the vaters outside of the
mixing zone.)
a. In lakes and streams, vhere the natural
reproduction of trout and salmon is to be protected,
no heat shall be added.
-26-
-------
State . ' Water Use and Criteria Values
b. In put-and-take streams, no'heat shall be added so
•as to cause temperatures to exceed 65 degrees F. (18.3
degrees C.) or a 5 degrees F. (2.8 degrees C.) rise
above natural, whichever is less.
e. In lakes where a put-and-take trout fishery is to
be protected, no heat shall be added.
Lake Michigan and Contiguous Harbor Areas: Minimum
Alter .Quality Standard - the following temperature
standards and criteria shall apply:
a. All temperature .are expresses both in degrees
Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius. In all receiving
waters th-s point of measurement shall normally be in
the first • meter below the surface at such depth as to
avoid t'-iin layer surface warming due to extreme
ambient air temperatures, but where required to
determine the true distribution of heated wastes and
natural variations in water temperatures, measurements
shall be at a greater depth and at several depths as a
thermal profile. '
b. There shall be no abnormal temperature changes so
as to be injurious to fish, wildlife, or other aquatic
life or the growth or propagation, thereof. In
addition, plume interaction with the bottom shall be
minimized and shall not injuriously affect fish,
shellfish, and wildlife spawning or nursery areas..
c. The normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addition of heat
shall be maintained.
d. At any time and at a maximum distance of a 1,000
foot arc inscribed from a fixed point adjacent to the
discharge and/or as agreed upon by the Commissioner
and Federal Regulatory Agencies,, the receiving water
temperature shall not be more than 3° Fahrenheit above
the existing natural water temperature nor shall the
maximum temperature exceed those listed in the table
below, whichever is lower:
°F °C
January
February
March
April
May
45
45
45
55
60
7.0
7.0
7.0
13.0
15.5
-27-
-------
State
Pater Use and Criteria Values
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December
70
80
80
80
65
60
50
21.0
26.5
26.5
26.5
18.5
15.5
10.0
e. All 'near waste. heat discharges or (enlargements of
existing facilities exceeding a daily average of 0.5
billion BTU/ho'ir, which had not begun operation as 6f
February 11, 2572, and which plan to usoling, shall be. linitod to the amount
essential for blowdown in the operation of a .closed
cycle cooling facility.
f. Water intakes shall be designed and located to
minimize entrainnent -and damage to desirable
organisms. Requirement may vary depending upon local
conditions but, in general intakes are to have minimum
water velocity and shall not be located in spawning or
nursery areas of important fishes. Water velocity at
screens and other exclusion devices shall also be at a
minimum. . •
g. Discharges
be such that
intersect.
othfir than those now in existence shall
the thermal plumes do not overlap or
h. Facilities discharging more than a daily average of.
0.5 billion BTU/hour of waste heat shall continuously
record intake and discharge temperature and flow and
make those records available to regulatory agencies
upon request* . ....
Grand Calumet River; Indiana Harbor: Minimum Water
Quality Conditions:
(The following standards are applicable at any point
in the stream outside the mixing zone.) '
a. There shall be no abnormal temperature changes that:
may adversely affect aquatic life unless caused by
natural conditions.
b. Water temperature shall not, at the edge of the
mixing zone, exceed the maximum limits in the
following table:
-28-
-------
State . later Use and Criteria Values
Month Grand Calumet River -
Indiana Harbor Ship Canal °F (°C)
January 60 (15.6)
February : 60 (15.6)
March 60 (15.6)
April 65 (18,3)
May 75 (23.9)
: June 85 (29.4)
July 87 (30.6)
I August 87 (30.6)
September 85 (29.4/
October 75 (23.£)
November 70 (21.1)
December 60 (15.6)
V
Natural Spawning, Bearing, or Imprinting Areas for
Salmonid Fishes:
(This standard is applicable at any point in the
waters outside the mixing zone.) •
No heat shall be added.
Migration Routes for Salaonid Fishes:
(These standards are applicable at any point in the
waters outside of the mixing zone.)
a. The normal daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addition of heat
due to other, than natural causes shall be maintained.
b.
appve .—.«.•„• . .axu^A- uwh BACBCU v*) two degrees
Fahrenheit. In addition, the temperature shall not
•Yf*AAtfi 7A «4 A «•»*.««• 0._U._-._l-_ J *. _ ^ ___ .1
The maximum temperature rise at any time or place
ve natural shall not exceed (2) two degrees
Fahrenheit. In addition, the temperature shall not
exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit at any time or place
during periods of migration nor exceed 85 degrees
Fahrenheit at any time. -
15
Class B:
1. No heat shall be added to interior streams or the
Big Sioux River that would cause an increase of more
than 3 Cfi The rate of temperature change shall not
exceed 1 C per hour. In no case shall heat.be added in
excess of that amount that would raise the stream
temperature above 32 C,
-29- ' •--,.•• ..._-.
-------
State Water Oae and Criteria Values
2. No heat shall be added to streams designated as
cold vater fisheries that would cause an increase of
nor* than 2 C. The rate of temperature change shall
not exceed 1C per hour. In no ease shall heat be
added in excess of that amount that vould raise the
stream temperature above 20 C.
3; No heat shall be added to lakes and reservoirs that
.vould cause; an increase of' more, than 2°C. The rate of
temperature change shall not exceed 1 C per hour., In
no case shall . heat be added in excess of that -amount
that vould raise the temperature of the lake or
reservoirs above 32 C; .
4. Mo heat shall be added to the Missouri river that
vould cause an increase of nori than 3°C. The rate of
temperature change shall not exceed 1C per hour. In
no case shall heat be added that vould raise the
stream temperature above 32 C.
5. No heat shall be added to the Mississippi river
that vould cause an increase of more than 3°C. The
rate of temperature change shall not exceed 1°C. per
hour. In addition, the vater temperature at
representative locations in the Mississippi river
shall not'exceed the maximum limits in the below table
during more' than one percent of thus hours in the
12-month period ending with any month. Moreover, at: no
time shall the vater temperature it such locations
exceed the maximum Units in the below table by more
than 2°C.
-30-
-------
State • . Water Use and .Criteria Values
Zone:II—Iowa-Minnesota state line to the Northern
Illinois border (Kile Point 1534.6)
Zone III—Northern Illinois border (Mile Point 1534.6)
to Iowa-Missouri state line.
Month Zone II Zone III
January.
February
March
April
'Jay
June
.July
August
September
October
November
December
4°C
4°g
12?C
18°C
24°C
29 C
29°C
29°C
28°C
23°C
14°C
9°C
'.' 7°C • .-".'.:.
?'"".- • '
•*•» -C' • ' • ' - • '
26°C
26°C
29**C
30°C
30°C
29°C
24°C
18°C
Kansas Surface Waters - Artificial sources shall not elevate
the temperature of the receiving water above 90°F.
Heat of artificial origin shall not be added :o a
stream in excess of the amount that vill raise the
temperature of the water more than 5°F above natural
conditions* The epilimnion of lakes shall not be
raised more than 3 F above that temperature which
existed before the addition of heat of artificial
origin. The normal daily and seasonal temperature
variations before the addition of heat due..to-other
than natural causes shall be maintained. Occasional,
natural thermal conditions may exceed the maximum
allowable temperature requirements.
Kentudcy ¥arswater Aquatic Habitat - Temperature shall not
exceed 31.7 degrees Celsius (eighty-nine (89) degrees-
Fahrenheit):
1. The normal1 daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations that existed before the addition of
heat due to other than natural causes shall be
maintained.
2. The cabinet will determine allowable surface
water temperatures on a site-specific basis
utilizing available data which shall be based on
. . - the effects of temperature on the aquatic biota
' -31- - ' -' . . . ' ' . .
-------
State
Water Use and Criteria Values
which utilise* specific surface waters of the
Commonwealth and which nay fcie affected by
person-induced temperature changes. Effects on
downstream uses vill also be considered in
determining site-specific temperatures. As a
guideline, the water temperature for all surface
waters shall comply with the limits shown in the
following table:
.Month/Date
Januarr 1-31
February 1-29
March 1-15
Hard. 16-31
April 1-15
April 16-3(1
May 1-15
May 16-31
June 1-15
June 16-30
July 1-31
August 1-31
September 1-15
September 16-30
October 1-15
October 16-31
November 1-30
December 1-31
Period
. Average
C°P>
45
45
51
54
58
64
68
75
80
83
84
84
84
82 .
77
72
67
52
Instantaneous*' ' .:'••:,
Maximum. • ...
•• <°F> •: . • '•-••
50
50
56
59
64
69
73
80
85
87
89
89 .
87
86
82
77
72
57
3. A. successful demonstration concerning thermal
discharge .limits carried out under Section 316(a)
of the Clean Water Act shitl! constitute
compliance with the temperature requirements of
this subsection. A successful demonstration
assures the protection and propagation of a
balanced indigenous population of shellfish, fish
and wiildlife in or on the water into which they
discharge is made.
Coldvater Aquatic Habitat - Water, temperature shall
not be increased through man's activities above the
natural seasonal temperatures.
-32-
-------
State . Water Use and Criteria Values
Louisiana General Criteria
(Numerical • criteria specifically apply to water
quality conditions of the surface vaters of the state
that are attributed toewaste discharges or activities
of man as opposed to natural conditions.)
The temperature standards enumerated in the tables, in
most cases,represent maximum values obtained from
• existing data. However, in a few cases a limited
number .of unusuallv high temperatures in the range of
35° to 36°C (95^97°?) have been deleted as it is felt
that these values were recorded during conditions of
unseasonably high temperatures and/or unusually low
flows or water levels, and, therefore, do not
represent normal maximum temperatures.
The .standard shall consist of two parts, a temperature
differential ard a maximum temperature. The
temperature differential represents the maximum
permissible increase above ambient conditions. There
shall be no additional.artificial heat added once the
.ambient temperature reaches the maximum temperature
specified in the standards except under natural
conditions such as unusually hot, dry weather as
provided for below:
(a) Fresh later '.'.•••
(1) Maximum of 2.8°C (5°P) rise above ambient for
streams and rivers. •
(2) Maximum of 1.7°C (3°F) rise above ambient for
lakes and reservoirs.
(3) Maximum Temperature - 32.2°C (90°F) except
where otherwise listed in the tables. Maximum
; temperature shall be varied on a .case-by-case
basis to. .allow for the effects .of natural
conditions such as unusually hot and/or dry
weather.
(b) Istuarine and Coastal Vaters
(1) Maximum of 2.2°C (4°F) rise - above ambient
during the period October through May.
(2) Maximum Q.83°C (1.5°F) during the period June
through September.
(3) Maximum Temperature - 35°C (95°F) except when
natural conditions elevate temperature above
this level.
-33-
-------
State ' Water Use and Criteria Values
These temperature criteria shall not apply to
• • privately owned reservoirs* or reservoirs constructed
. ' solely for industrial cooling purposes.
.(For segment specific criteria see Environment Reporter
pp.791:1021-4056 January 18, 1985)
Haiti*19 . Freshwater Them! Discharges - No discharge of
. . pollutants shall cause .the ambient temperature of any
freshwater body* as measured outside a mixing zone, to
. . •' , .be raised more than. 5 degrees . F, or more than 3
, • •» • degrees F in the epilimnion of any lake or pond. In no
event shall, any-discharge .cause the temperature of any
freshwater body to exc*id 84 degrees F at any point
outside a mixing zone established by the Board, nor
shall such discharge cause the temperature .of any
waters which presently rre designed as trout or salmon
waters to exceed 68 degrees F at any point outside a
mixing zone established by the Board.
Tidal Water Thermal Discharges - No discharge of
. • pollutants shall cause the monthly mean of the daily
maximum ambient temperature in any tidal body of
water, as measured outside the mixing zone, to be
raised more than 4 degrees F, nor more than 1.5
degrees F from June 1 to September 1. In no event
shall any discharge cause the temperatune of any tidal
waters to exceed PS degrees F at any point outside a
. mixing zone established by the Board.
20 ' "" ' ' '
Maryland Class I Waters: Water Contact Recreation; Aquatic
Life, and Water Supply - The maximum temperature
outside the mixing zone determined in accordance vith
Section F of this regulation or with Regulation
,• .29-.32 .may not exceed 90°F (32°C) or the. ambient
. temperature of the surface : waters, whichever is
' - • greater. '•'"•' ' '' •''.'•
A thermal barrier that adversely affects, aquatic life
may not be established. .
Class n Waters: Shellfish Harvesting - same as Class,
I waters.
Bacteriological - same as Class I waters.
The maximum temperature outside the mixing zone
determined in accordance with Section F of this
regulation or with Regulation .29-.32 may not exceed
68 F (20 C) or the ambient temperature of the surface
water, whichever is greater. .
. ., . ' • -34- ' •.-'•*
-------
State Water Pae and Criteria Values
.A thermal barrier that adversely affects aquatic life
may not be/established.
••.•-•-•-••:.: • :J- 'i- • '• svsj-'j : A; '* .-
Class 17 Waters: leereatiooal Trout Waters - The
maximum temperature outside the mixing zone determined
in accordance with Section F of this regulation or
vith Regulation .29-.32 may not exceed 758F (23.9°C)
or the ambient temperature of the surface water,
whichever is greater. .
A thermal barrier that adversely affects aquatic life
may not be established. ... . . -.
21 Inland Waters:
Class A, Class B, aad Class C - Shell not exceed 83°F
(28.3 C) in warm watar fisheries, or 68°F (20°C) in
cold water fisheries nor shall the rise resulting from
artificial origin exceed 4.0 F (2.2°C).
Coastal and Marine Waters:
Class SA, Class SB, and Class SC - No increase except
where the increase will not exceed the recommended
limits on the most sensitive water use.
22
Michigan General Considerations:
(1) In all waters of the state, the points of
temperature measurement normally shall be in the
surface 1 meter, but where otherwise required,
measurements shall be made at greater depths as a
thermal profile.
(2) Monthly maximum temperatures, based on the
ninetieth percentile occurrence of natural water
temperatures plus the increase allowed at the edge of
the mixing .zone and in part on long-term physiological
needs 6f fish, may be exceeded for short periods when
natural water temperatures exceed the the ninetieth
percentile occurrence. Temperature increases during
these periods may be permitted by the commission, but
in all cases shall not be greater than the natural
water temperature plus the increase allowed at the
edge of the mixing zone.
(3) Natural daily and seasonal temperature
fluctuations of .the -receiving waters shall be
preserved.
Great Lakes and Connecting ¥aterss
Cl) The Great Lakes and connecting waters shall not
receive a heat load which would warm the receiving
water at the edge of the mixing zone more than 3
degrees Fahrenheit above the existing natural water
-35-
-------
State
Water Uae and Criteria Values
temperature.. • .
I • •
(2) The Great Lakes and connecting waters shall not
receive a heat load which would van the receiving
water at the edge of the mixing zone to temperatures
in degrees Fahrenheit higher than the following
monthly maximum temperatures:
. .a. Lake Michigan north of a line due west from
•the city of Pentwater:
J F M A M J. . J A 5 0 N D .
40 40 40 50 55 70 75 75 75 65 60 45/ •
b. Lake Michigan south of. a lime die west, form
the city of Pentwater:
JFHAMJJASOND
45 45 45 55 60 70 80 80 80 63 60 50
e. Lake Superior and the St. Marys River:
JFMAMJJASO.ND
38 36 39 46 53 61 71 74 71 61 49 42
d. Lake Huron north of a line due east from Tawas
point:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 40 50 60 70 75 80 75 65 55 45
.e. Lake Huron south of a line due east from Tawas
point, except Saginav bay:
J F M. A M J J A S 0 N .D
40 40 '40 55- 60 75 80 80 30 65 55 45
f. Laic? Huron, Saginav bay:
JFMAMJJASOND
45 45 45 60 70 75 80 85 78 65 55 45
g. .St. Glair river:
— J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
40 40 40 50 60 70 75 80 75 65 5550
h. Lake St.:Clair:
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
40 40 45 55 70 75 80 83 80 70 55 45
i. Detroit river:
JFMAMJJASOND
40 40 45 .60 ,70 75 80 .83 80 70 55 45
k. Lake Erie:
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
45 45 45 60 70 75 80 85 80 70 60 50
Inland Lakes, General Standards - Rale 72. Inland
lakes shall not receiv§, a heat,sload which would:
'• •- v ' - •,--•&'.. „!.-• •_ ,'._*,, !„«„' ".-j . " ". ,
: -36- '' • :
-------
State Water Dse and Criteria
a. Increase the temperature of the thermocline or
hypolianion or decrease the volume thereof.
b. Increase the temperature of the receiving
waters at th* edge of the mixing rone more than 3
degrees Fahrenheit above the existing natural
water temperature.
c. Increase the temperature of the receiving
waters at the edge of the mixing zone to
temperatures greater than the following monthly
maximum temperatures: . ,
J P .M AM J J. A S 0 N p
45 45 50 60 70 75 80 85 80 70 60 50
Inland lakes, Anadromous SaLwnid Migrations - Rule
73. Warwater inland lakes which serve-as principal
migratory routes for anadromous salmouids shall no-
receive a heat load during periods of migration at
such locations and in & manner which may adversely
affect salmonid migration or raise the receiving water
temperature at the edge of the mixing zone more than 3
degrees Fahrenheit above the existing natural water
temperature.
Rives*, Streans and Inpouadaeats:
1. Elvers, streams, and impoundments naturally capable
of supporting coldwater fish shall not receive a heat
load which would do either of the following:
a. Increase the temperature of the receiving
waters at the edge of the mixing zone more than 2
degrees Fahrenheit above the existing natural
water temperature.
b. Increase the temperature of the receiving
waters at the edge of the mixing zone to
temperatures greater than the following.monthly
maximum temperatures: •.•••'•
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
38 38 43 54 65 68 68 66 63 56 48 40
2. Rivers, streams, and impoundments naturally capable
of supporting warmwater fish shall not receive a heat -
load which would warm the receiving water at the edge•'•*
of the mixing zone more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit
above the existing natural water temperature..
3^ Rivers, streams, and impoundments naturally capable
of supporting warmwater fish shall not receive a .heat
load which would warm the receiving water at the edge
or the mixing zone to temperatures greater than the
rollowing monthly maximum temperatures.
-37-
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State ' • . . Water Use and Criteria values
a. For rivers, streams, and impoundments north of
a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma and North
Muskefom
JFMAMJJASOND
38 38 41 56 70 80 83 81 74 64 49 39
b. For rivers, streams, and impoundments south of
. . . a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma and North
Muskegon, except the St. Joseph river:
. J F MA M J J A S 0 N D
. 41- 40 50 63 76 84 85 85 79 68 55 43
.•'•'• ' '•-". c. St.' Joseph-river: ' ' -.'"••'' ' • '•• • ••'
J F MA M J J A SO N D
50 50 5» 65 75 85 85 85 85 70 60 50
4. Non-trou: rivers and streams that serve as
principal migratory routes for anadriimous salmonids
shall not receive a heat load during periods of
migration at such locations and in a manner which
adversely affect salmonid migration or raise the
receiving water temperature at the edga of the mixing
zone "ore than 5 degrees Fahrenheit above the existing
natural water temperature.
• . 23 • ' • •
Mixinesota Fisheries and Recreations Class A - No material
increase in temperature.
Class B - 5°F above natural in streams: and 3°F above
natural in lakes, based on nonthly average of the
maximum daily temperature, except in no case shall it
exceed the daily average temperature of 86°F.
Class C .-, 5°F above natural in streams and 3°F above
natural in lakes, based on monthly average of the
•axinum daily temperature except in no case shall.it
.• exceed the. daily average temperature of 90°F. .
2 A ."•':' • ,.""'..•.'
Mississippi The maxiinio temperature rise above natural
temperatures shall not exceed 5°F in streams, lakes
and reservoirs-nor shall the maximum water temperature
exceed 90 F, except that in the Tennessee River t:he«~
temperature shall not exceed 86°F. In lakes amd
reservoirs there shall be no .withdrawals from or
discharge of heated waters -to the hypolimnion unless
it can be shown that such discharge will be beneficial
to water quality. In all waters the normal daily and
seasonal temperature variations that were present
before the addition of artificial h
-------
State Water Dae and Criteria Values
period October through May nor more than 1.5°F above
natural for the months June through September. There
shall be no thermal block to the migration of aquatic
organisms. Requirements for zones of passage as
referenced in Section I (8) shall apply. In addition
to the general requirements of Section 192), the
temperature shall be measured at a depth of 5 feet in
waters 10 feet or greater in depth; and for those
waters less than 10 feet in depth, temperature
criteria will be applied at mid-depth.
In those specific eases where natural, conditions
elevate the temperatures in excess of the limits
expressed herein, Section I <3) shall apply on a
ease-by-case basis. •
Missouri25 Classified Waters:
1. Beyond the mixing flone, vater contaminants shall
not raise or lower the temperature of a stream more
than five degrees (5 )P. Water contaminants shall not
cause or contribute to stream temperature in excess of
ninety degrees (90°)F. However, site^specific ambient
temperature data and requirements of sensitive
resident aquatic species will be considered, when data
are available, to establish alternative maxima or
deviations from ambient temperatures.
2. Hater contaminants shall not raise the temperature
of designated cold-water fishery waters more than two
degrees (2 )P., nor shall the;r cause the temperature
of these waters to exceed sixty-^ight degrees (68°)F.
3. Vater contaminants shall not cause any measurable
rise in the temperature of lakes. An increase is
allowable for Lake Springfield, Thomas Hill Reservoir,
and Montrose Lake; however, discharges from these
. lakes must comply with thermal, limits for streams. --'•
4. For the Mississippi River, Zones 1A and 2, the
water temperature outside the mixing zone shall not
exceed the maximum limits indicated in the following
table during more than one percent of the tine in any
calendar year. The Zone IB table limits may not be
exceeded more than five percent of the time in a^
calendar year. At no time shall the river water
temperature outside of 25X of the cross sectional area
or volume of the Driver exceed the listed limits by
more than 3 degrees F. Zone lA-Des Moines River to
Lock and Dam No. 25. Zone IB-Lock and Dam No.25 to
Lock and Dam No. 26. Zone 2-Lock and Dam No. 26 to the
Missouri-Arkansas state line.
-39-
-------
State • . • ¥atcr Use and Criteria Values
Zones 1A, B (°P> Zone 2 (°F)
January
February .
Hareh
April
May
June
July
August.
September '
October "•
November
Deceaber
45
45
57
68
78
86
88
88
86
75
65
52
50
50
60
70
80
87
B9 '.."..•: •• •
.89 ' ' ... . ,
1 ' • • 87 • ..' • . •••
78
70
57
The Clean Water Commission vill consider granting
exceptions to these limits. Environmeintal Protection
Agency concurrence vill be obtained before an
exception is granted.
Montana Class A-X - A 1°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within .the
range of .32 F to 66 F; vithin the naturally occurring
range of 66°F to 66.5°F, no discharge is allowed which
vill cause the water temperature to exceed 67°F; and
where the naturally occurring water temperature is
66.5 P -or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°P. A 2°P per hour maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water temperature
is allowed when the water temperature is above 55°F,
and a 2 F maximum decrease below naturally, occurring
water temperature is allowed within the range of 55°F
• to 32°F; ... ; ;- •/. -/ . . . • :-..,.....
' Class B-l - A 1°P maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allovad within the
range of 32 P to 66 F; within the naturally occurring
range of 66°F to 66.5°F, no discharge is allowed which,
win cause the water temperature to exceed 67°F; and.
where the naturally occurring water temperature is
66.5 F or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is 0.5°F. A 2°F p«»r hour maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water temperature
is allowed when the water temperature is above 55°F,
and a 2 F maximum decrease below naturally occurring
water temperature is allowed within th«» range of 55°F
to 32 F. This applies to all waters: in the state
classified B-l except for Prickly Pear Creek from
: • McClellan Creek to the Montana Highway No. 433
.-40- •
-------
State Water Use and Criteria Values
crossing where a 2 F maximum increase above naturally
ocgurring water is allowed within the range of 32°F to
65 F£ within the naturally occurring range of 65°F to
66.5 F, no discharge is allowed which will cause the
water temperature to exceed 67°F; and where the
naturally occurring water temperature is 66.5°F or
greater, the maximum allowable increase in water
temperature is 0.5°F.
Class- B-2 - A 1°F. maximum increase above naturally
^occurring water temperature is allowed within the
range of 32°F to 66°Fj within the naturally occurring
range of 66 F to 66. 5 IT, no discharge is allowed which
vill cause the water temperature to exceed 67?Fj and
^he|§ t«e naturally occurring water temperature is
66.5 F or greater, the maximum allowable increase in
water temperature is .0.5°f . A 2°F per hovr maximum
decrease below naturally occurring water temperature
is allowed when the water temperature is rbove 55°F,
and a 2 F maximum decrease below naturally occurring
water temperature is allowed within the range of 55°F
to 32 F. ' -
Class B-3 - A .3 F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water temperature is allowed within the
range of 32 F to 77°Fj within the naturally occurring
range of 77°F to 79.5°F, no thermal discharge is
allowed which will cause the water temperature to
exceed 80 F; and where the naturally occurring water
temperature is 79.5°F or greater, the maximum
allowable increase in water temperature is 0.5°?. A
2 F per hour maximum decrease below natunilly
occurring water temperature is allowed when the water
temperature is above 55°F, and a 2°F maximum decrease
below naturally occurring water temperature is allowed
within the range of 55°F to 32 F.
i. These, allowable increase apply to all waters
in the state classified B-3, except—for the
painstem of the -Yellowstone River from the
Billings water supply intake to the water
diversion at Intake, where a 3°F maximum increase
above naturally occurring water temperature is
allowed within the range of 32°F to 79°F; within
the range of 79°F to 81.5°F, no thermal discharge.
is allowed which will cause the water temperature-
to exceed 82 F; and where the naturally occurring
water temperature is 81.5°F or greater, the
allowable increase in water temperature
ii. From the water diversion at Intake to the
Horth Dakota state line, a 3°F maximum increase
above naturally occurring water .temperature is
allowed within the range of 32°F to 82°F; within
-41-
-------
State
Water Use and Criteria Values
the range of 82°F to 84.5°F, no thermal discharge
is allowed which will cause the winter temperature
to exceed 85 F? and where the natiurally occurring
water temperature is 84.5°F or greater, the
maximum allowable increase in waiter temperature
is-0.5 F.
Class . Crl - A 1°F maximum increase above naturally
occurring water' temperature is allowed within the
range of 32 F to 66°F; within the naturally occurring
range of 66- F to 66.5°F, no discharge is allowed wliich
will, causa the water. temperature to exceed 67°F; and
where the naturally occurring '.water temperature is
66.5 F or greater, the maximum allowable .increase in
water temperature is 0.5 F. A 2°F per hour maximum
decreiise below naturally occurring water temper; .ture
is vllowed when the water temperature is above JS°F,
and a 2 F
water temperature
to 32°F.
maximum decrease below naturally occixring
is allowed within the range of 55°F
Class C-2 - Same as Class C-l.
Class S » No increase in naturiitlly occurring
temperature is allowed which will or. is likely to
create a nuisance or render the winters harmful,
detrimental, or injurious to public health,
recreation, safety, welfare, livestock, vild animals,
birds, fish, or other wildlife.
(Ilass C-3 - Same as Class B-3.
Nebraska
27
Aquatic Life - The temperature of a receiving water
shall not be increased by a total of more than 5°F
(3 C) from natural outside the mixing zone.
For the Missouri River, from the South Dakota-Nebraska
State Line near Ft. Randall Dam to Sioux City, Iowa,
°F (29°C) with an
maximum
limit is 85'
temperature -unii is aa F (Z9~C) with an
allowable change of 4°F (2°C) from natural. For cold
waters the maximum limit is 72°F (22°C) with an
allowable change of 5°F (3°C) from natural. For warm
waters the maximum limit is 90MF (32"C). For
impoundments, the temperature of the epilimnion of
surface waters shall not be raised more than 3°F (2°C)
above that which existed before the addition of heat
of artificial origin. Unless a special study shows
that the discharge of heated effluent into the
hypolimnion will be desirable, such practice is not
recommended and water for cooling should not be pumped
from the hypolimnion to be discharged to the same body
of water.
-42-
-------
State
Irkter Use and Criteria Values
Nevada
28
Class A - Must not exceed 20°C. Allowable temperature
increase above natural receiving water temperature:
None.
exceed 20°C for trout waters or
4&
24°C
B - Must not
for non-trout waters. Allowable temperature
increase above natural receiving water temperatures:
Hone.
Class
34°C
C - Must not exceed 20°C for trout waters or
for non-trout waters. . Allowable temperature
increase above normal receiving water, temperature: 3^C.
Specific temperature criteria for different control
poirts are available in the Environment Reporter,
pagis 841s1014-1073.
New Hampshire
29
Glass A - No artificial rise in temperature.
Class B and C - No artificial temperature rise
exceeding that recommended by the New Hampshire fish
department, the New England interstate water
control commission, or the National
Advisory Committee, Department of Interior,
is most appropriate for the existing
and game
pollution
Technical
whichever
situation.
New Jersey
30
Miring Zone - Temperature changes in designated heat
dissipation areas shall not cause mortality of the
aquatic "biota nor create conditions which allow the
introduction or maintenance of populations of
undesirable organisms at nuisance levels.
Theraal Alterations (Temperatures
outside of heat dissipation areas)
shall be measured
1. StreaBs: ' ' •'.'"''
FW2-TP - No thermal alterations which -would
cause changes in ambient temperatures except
where properly treated wastewater effluents
are discharged. Where such discharges occur,
temgeratures shall not deviate more .than:
0.6 C (1 F) from ambient temperature.
FTC-TH - No thermal alterations which would
cause temperatures to exceed ambient by more
than 1.1 c (2 F) at any time or which would
cause temperatures in excess of 20°C (68°F).
FW2-NT - No thermal deviations which would
.cause temperatures to deviate more than
-43-
-------
State Water Oae.aad Criteria Values
2.8 C (5 F) at any titmi! from ambient
temperatures. No heat nay be added vhich
would cause temperatures £0 exceed 27. 8°C
(82 F) for small mouth bass or yellov perch
waters, .or 30 C (86 F) for other non- trout
waters.
! 411 SB - No thermal alterations vhich would
•.-..;. cause temperatures, to. deviate from ambient
'. .by more than 2.2 C (4°F), .from September
' through . fay, nor more than 0.8 C (1.5°F)
from June through August, .nor cause
temperatures to exceed. 29. 4°C .(85 F).
2. -Lakes, Fonda or Reservoirs:
M - Ho thermal alterations except wiiere
it- can > be shown to be beneficial to the
designated and existing uses. .
-.No thermal alterations of more l:han
:i.7°G (3 F) in the epilimnion or lakes and
other standing waters. No discharges or
heated, effluent into the hypolimnion nor.
jumping of water from the hypolimnioh : ( f or
discharge back into the sane water body)
.shall -be permitted unless it is
'demonstrated, to the satisfaction of the
Department, that such practices will be
beneficial to the existing and designated
uses. I
5 '
3. Coastal Vaters:
SC - No direct heat additions within 1500
; . . fe«t. of the shoreline. No thermal
alterations which would cause temperatures
to deviate from ambient temperatures by more
than 2.2 C (4 F) from Septembier through May,
mor more than 0.8°C (1.5°F) from 3une
through August, nor. which would canise
temperatures to exceed 26.7°C (80°F).
Temperature, except in designated heat dissipation
areas:
Zones
1C, 10, 12 - Shall not be raised more than
5 F (2.8 C) above ambient temperature until
stream temperatures r.each 87°F (30.6°C);
above 87°F (30.6 C) natural tdsmperature will
prevail, .
-44-
-------
St»*< later Use and Criteria Values
2, J, 4 - Shall not be raised more than 5°F
(2.8 C) above the average 24 hour
I tenperature gradient displayed during the
1961-1966 period, or to a maximum of 86°F
(30.0WC), whichever is lower.
5, 6 - Shall not be raised above ambient
temperature by more than 4°F (2.2°C) during
• the,.period from September through May nor
•ore than 1.5°F (0.8°C) during the period
.from June through August, nor shall maximum
, . temperatures.exceed 86°F,(30.d°C) in Zone 5
. or 85°F (29.4°C) in Zone 6.
New Mexico General Standards - Maximum temperatures for each
stream reach have been specifier! in Part G of these
standards. However, the introduction of heat by other
than natural causes shall not increase the
temperature, as measured from above the point of
introduction, by more than 2.7 degrees C (5 degrees F)
in a stream, or more than 1.7 degrees C (3 degrees F)
in a lake or reservoir. In no case win the
introduction of heat be permitted when the maximum
temperature specified for the reach [generally 20
S*!**3, C (6? de*««s F) for cold water fisheries and
32.2 degrees C (90 degrees F) for warm water
fisheries] would thereby be exceeded. These
temperature standards shall not apply tc impoundments
constructed offstream for the purpose of heat
disposal. High water temperatures caused by unusually
high ambient air temperatures or the reasonable
operation of irrigation and aquacultural facilities
are not violations of these standards.
New York32
Water Quality Standard for Thermal Discharges:
a. All thermal discharges to the waters of the State
bSin^f "T.H ^ protec,tion «* propagation of a
»?Tj?f* '4 indigenous population of shellfish, .fish and
wildlife in and on the body of water.
^T ^t Cr,lte5fa contained in this Part shall apply to.
all thermal discharges and shall be complied with '
except as provided in this Part. ompj-iea witft,
General Criteria:
1. The natural seasonal cycle shall be retained.
temPerature changes shall be
3. Large day-to-day temperature flucttiatioris due to
-45- .
-------
State ' - Pater Use and Criteria Values
heat of artificial origin-shall be avoided.
. 4. Development or growth of nuisance organisms shall
not occur in contravention of vater quality standards.
5. Discharges which would lover receiving vater
temperature. shall not cause a violation of vater
quality standards and section 704.3.
6. For th« protection of the aquatic biota from severe
temperature changes, routine shutdown of an entire
• thermal discharge at any site shall not be scheduled
' •• .'•"-,, . . .during the period from December through March. ..
Non-Trout ¥ater»i .
1. The vater temperature at the surfuc'i of a stream
shall not ! be raised to more than 90 degrees F at any
•point.
2. At least 50 percent of the cross sectional area
and/or Volume of flov of the stream including a
minimum of one-third of the surface as measured from
shore to shore Shall not be raised to more than 5
Fahrenheit degrees over the temperature that existed
before the addition of heat of artificial origin or to
. a maximum of 86 degrees Fahrenheit whichever is less.
3. At least 50 percent of the cross sectional area
and/or volume of flov of the stream including a
minimum of one-third of the surface as measured from
. shore to shore shall not be lowered more than 5
'Fahrenheit degrees from the temperature that existed
immediately prior to such lowering.
Trout Waters:
• 1. No discharge at a temperature over 70 degrees
' Fahrenheit shall be permitted at any time to streams
- classified for trout.
2. From June through September no discharge shall be
permitted that will raise the temperature of the
stream more than 2 Fahrenheit degrees over that which
existed before the addition of heat of artificial-
origin.
3. From October through May, -no .discharge shall be
permitted that will raise the temperature of the
stream more than 5 Fahrenheit degrees over that which
existed before the addition of heat of artificial
origin or to a maximum of 50 degrees Fahrenheit
whichever is less.
, -46-
-------
State ; Water Dae and Criteria Values
4. From June through September no discharge shall be
• permitted .that will lower the temperature of the
stream more than 2 Fahrenheit degrees from that which
existed immediately prior to such lowering.
Lakes:
1. The water temperature at the surface of a lake
shall not be raised more than 3 Fahrenheit degrees
over -the temperature that existed before the addition
of heat of artificial origin. ...
2.. :In lakes subject to stratification as defined in
Part 652, thermal discharges which will lower the
tempera tu.-e of the receiving waters shall be
discharge! to the hypolimnion, and shall meet the
water q/ality standards contained in Parts 701 and 70.'i
in all respects. ."
Coastal ¥aters:
1. The water temperature at the surface of coastal
waters shall not be raised more than 4 Fahrenheit
degrees from October through June nor more than 1.5
Fahrenheit degrees from July through September over
that which existed before the addition of heat of
artificial origin.
2. The water temperature at the surface of coastal
waters shall not be lowered more than 4 Fahrenheit
degrees from October through June nor more than 1.5
Fahrenheit de,?rees from July through September from
that which existed immediately prior to such lowering.
Estuaries or Portions of Estuaries:
1. The water temperature at the surface Of an estuary
shall .hot be raised to more than.90 degrees Fahrenheit
at any point/ . .
2. At least 50 percent of the cross sectional area
and/or volume of the flow of the estuary including a
minimum of one-third of the surface as measured from
water edge to water edge at any stage of tide, shall
not be raised to more than 4 Fahrenheit degrees over
the temperature that existed before the addition of
heat of artificial origin or a maximum of 83 degrees
Fahrenheit whichever is less.
3. From July through September, if the water
temperature at the surface of an estuary before the
addition of heat of artificial origin is more than 83
degrees Fahrenheit an increase in temperature not to
exceed 1.5 Fahrenheit degrees at any point, of the
-47- .
-------
State . • Water Use and Criteria Values
estuarine passageway as .delineated above, nay be
permitted.
4. At least 50 percent of the cross sectional area
and/or volume of the flov .of the esttnary including a
aininua of one-third of the surface sis measured from
water edge to water edge at any stage of tide, shall
not be lowered more than 4 Fahrenheit degrees from the
temperature that existed immediately prior to such
lowering.. •. . ;:- v-; . ' .
Enclosed • Bays'. - No additional temperature change
except., that which occurs naturally shall be permitted
in enclosed btys. . : "'"'.'•
33
North Carolina'' General C:ri .eria - Upon a case-by-case determination
that thermal discharges to waters .of the stat® which
serve or >iay serve as a source and/or receptor of
industrial cooling water provide for the maintenance
of the designated best use throughout a reasonable
portion o£ the water body, the otherwise applicable
temperature standards as given in the Rules below may
not apply, in which case the commission shall
establish a separate water quality standard for
temperature for the affected portions of waters.of the
state. Such revisions shall be indicated in the
schedules of classifications with the revised standard
and shan provide for the designated best use
classification applicable to the stream segment in
question.
Fresh Surface Waters - Temperature not to exceed 2.8
degrees C (5.04 degrees F) above the natural water
temperature, and in« no case to exceed 29 degrees C
(84.2 degrees F) for mountain and upper piedmont
waters and 32 degrees C (89.6 degrees F) for lower
... •• • . piedmont and coastal plain waters.. The temperature for
' • ' trout waters. shall not be increased by more than 0.5
Agrees C (0.9 degrees F) due to She discharge of
heated liquids but in no case to exceiDd 20 degrees C'.
(68 degrees F).
Tidal Salt Waters - Temperature shall not be increased
above the .natural water temperature by more than 0-8"
degrees C (1.44 degrees F) during the months of June,
July, and August nor more than 2.2 degrees C (3.96
degrees F) during other months and in no cases to
- exceed 32 degrees C (89.6 degrees F) due to the
discharge of heated liquids.
-48-
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State Water Use and Criteria Values
Horth Dakota34 • ' jj-j" j Streams - Eighty-five degrees Fahrenheit
(29.44 degrees Celsius) limit. The maximum increase
fJ*iJ *?* ** «reater £h»» f^e degrees Fahrenheit
C I? v de«rees* Celsius) above natural background
conditions.
Ohio35 Lake Brie
a. There shall be no water temperature changes as a
result of human activity that cause mortality,
long-term avoidance, exclusion from habitat; or
adversely affect the reproductive success -of
.. representative aquatic species, unless caused by
natural conditions.
b. At no time shall water temperature exceed a monthly
»....-' - or bi-veekly average, or it any time exceed the daily
, - maximum temperature as indicated in tables 12a and 12b
to thls «!»• The werage and daily maximum
temperature standards shall apply and be measured
outside of a thermal mixing zone at any point on a
thermal mixing zone boundary at. depths greater than
JSSJwfT*^' ^ °«Jined in paragraphs (B) (2)(a) and
(B)(2)(b) of this rule.
c. The temperature of the hypolimnetic waters of lake
Erie shall not exceed at any time a daily maximum as
indicated in table 12 c to this rule.
Table 12c Seasonal daily maximum temperature limitations for the hypolimnetic
regions of Lake Erie. Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
Month Daily Maximum
January 44 (g.?)
February 44 (6.7)
March 44 (6.7)
APril 47 (8.3)
May 51 (10.6)
June 54 (12.2) • • .
July 59 (15.0)
August 59 (is.o)
September 55 (12.8)
October 46 (7.8)
November 41 (5.0)
December 33 (3.3)
-49-
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State Water Uae and Criteria Values
Table 12 e. Lake Erie accepted Areas— includes all water of Lake designated
in paragraph (C) of this rule, excluding Maumee Bay and Sanduckv
Bay, Tables lib and lli.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May June
1-31 1-29 U15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 l-?5
•Average. ~ • -- . — „.. *_...•_ __ ' ,__ __
'Daily, • . . ' ' '"'.': '".''.''.'''. ' ' . ' • . .•'.'.:.
Haadmua 52 . 52 55 SS 59 63 66 76 82
(1J.1) (11.1) (12.8) Ci2i8) (15.0) (17.2) (18.9) (24.4) :(27.8)
-« Oct' Oc«' Nov. D«c.
1^30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 -1-31
Average fA 84 84 84 _ __ _ __
C28.9) (28.9) (28.9) (28.9)
Daily
Mascimum 88 88 88 88 84 75 70 65 55
(31.1) (31.1) (31.1) (31.1) (28.9) (23.9) (21.1) (18.3) (12.8)
. Exceptional Vaznrater Habitat and CoMvater Habitat.
At no tine shall the vater temperature exceed the
temperature which would occur if there were no
temperature change attributable to man's activities.
Nuisance Prevention. 98°P (37°C) maximum
94°P (34°C) 30 day average
-SO-,
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later Use and Criteria Values " .
(2) Temperature: allowable stream temperatures are:
Period Instantaneous
Month/date Average (*F) Maxima (»F)
January 1-31 45 50
February 1-29 . 45 50
March 1-15 51 56
March 16-31 . 54 59
April 1-15 58 64
April 16-30 .64 69
May 1-15 68 73
May 16-31 75 8C
June 1-15 . 80 .8;
June 16-30 83 f7
July 1-31 84 49
August 1-31 84 39
September 1-15 84 87
September 16-30 82 86
October 1-15 77 82
October 16-31 72 77
November 1-30 67 72
December 1-31 52 57
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State
gater Use and Criteria Values-
VARHVATB& HABITAT OHIO
TABLE 10. TEMPERATURE CRITERIA
Table lOa. .General Ohio River Basin - includes all waters
. of the state within the boundary's -of the Ohio
River basin, excluding those waiter bodies or
vater body segments as designated in Table lOb
• through lOe. .Shovn as degrees Fahrenheit and
7
(8.3)
52
(11.1)
July
1-31
82
(27.8)
85
(29.4)
Mar...
lU5
51
(10.0)
56
(13.3)
Aug.
jusi
82
(27.8)
85
(29.4)
Mar.
16-31
54
(12.2)
59
(15.0)
Sept.
1-15
82
(27.8)
85
(29.4)
Apr.
1-15
59
(15.0)
65
(18.3)
Sept.
16-30
73
(22.8)
78
(25.6)
Apr.
16^30
.65
(18.3)
70
(21.1)
Oct.
1-15
71
(21.7)
76
(24.4)
•;May .'
1-15
67
(19.4)
73
(22.8)
Oct.
16-31,
65-
(18.3)
• 70
(21.1)
May .
16-31
70
.(21. U
76
(24.4)
Nov.
1^30
60
(15.6)
65
(18.3)
Jun .
1-15
74
(23.3)
80
(26.7)
Dee.
1-31
47.
(8.3)
5:
(11.1)
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State Baser Use and Criteria Values
Table lOb. Lover Great Miami River - Steele Dam in Dayton
(River Kile 891.3) to the confluence vith the
Ohio River. Show as .degrees Fahrenheit and
(Celsius).
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May Jun
1=21 1=29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1.15
Average: 49 49 53 5$ 59 65 67 70 75
(9.4) (9.4) (11.9) (13.3) (15.0) (18.3) (19.4) (21.1) (23.9)
. ••'-• •' 'Daily' / ;' • •'•••'• -: •.••':..• '.•'• • " ' r '-. '•.:'• ' .'' •'• '•-.' ' '
Maximum: 54 54 58 61 68 74 77 79 83
(12.2) (12.2 (14.4) (16.1) (20.0) (23.3) (25.0) (26.1) (28.3)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-30 IdH 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-3Q .1.31
Average: 85 85 85 85 78 71 66 . 63 49
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (25.6) (21.7) (18.9) (17.2) (9.4)
Daily
Maximum: 89 89 89 89 83 76 71 68 54
(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (28.3) (24.4) (21.7) (20.0) (12.2)
-53-
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State
Water Dae and Criteria Values
Table- lOe. Scioto River - Griggs Dan in GoluBbus (River
Mile '136) to the confluence vith the Ohio River.
Shovn as degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
Jan. Feb. '
1-31 1-29
Average: 47 . . 47
(8.3) (8.3).
H*ily •„ .-•••., ..- .'
Maximum: . 52 52
(11.1) (11.1)
June July
16-30 1-31
Average: 83 83
(28.3) (28.3)
Daily
Maximum: 87 87
(30.6) (30.6)
Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. Maji' May Jun
1^15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-13 16-31 1-15
51 ;-.: 54 59 62 67 72 75
.(10.6) (12.2) (15.0) (16.7) (19.4) (22.2) (23.9)
56 59 65 70 75 79 82
(13,3) (15.0) ,18.3) (21.1) (23.9) (26.1) (27.8)
Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
irJi 1-15 16-30 1-15 16^31 1-30 1-31
83 83 75 71 65 58 47
(28.3) (28.3) (23.9) (21.7) (18.3) (14.4) (8.3)
87 87 80 76 70 63 52
(30.6) (30.6) (26.7) (24.4) (21.1) (17.2) (11.1)
-54-
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State Water Use and Criteria Values
Table lOd. Hocking River - entire mainstem. Shovn as
degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
>
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May Jun
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
Average: 45 45-. 51 56 59 65 67 70 74
(7.2) (7.2) (10.6) (13.3) (15.0) (18.3) (19.4) (21.1) (23.3)
Daily ' . - . • -••"''•'. ; . ' .• •/ = .
Maximum 50 50 56 61 66 70 73 76 . 80
(10.0) (10.0) (13.3) (16.1) (1«.9) (21.1) (22.8) (24.4) (26.7)
June July Aug. , Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. .Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 \ 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 83 83 83 83 77 65 62 58 45
(28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (25.0) (18.3) (16.7) (14.4) (7.2)
Daily
Maximum: 87 87 87 87 82 70 67 63 50
(30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (27.8) (21.1) (19.4) (17.2) (10.0)
-55-
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State Water Use and Criteria Values
Table lOe. Muskingua River - entire aainstea. Shovn as
degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
» '
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May Jun
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 WL5 16-31 1-15
.Average: .45 45.. 53 . - 53 58 65 68 72 76
(7.2) (7.2) .(11.7) (11.7) (14.4) (18.3) (20.0) (22.2) (24.4)
Daily . . ..•• '.-•:. • :' . , • • .•-.'- •.'. ••: ••-.' • :.
Maximum: 50- 50 58 58 63 70 74 77 84
v'10.0) (10.0) (14.4) (14.4) (17.2) (21.1) (23.3) (25.0) (28.9)
.June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Det. Get; Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 Iv^l 1-15 16-30 -1-15 IJS-tt 1-30 1-31
Average: 85 85 85 85 80 73 67 62 47
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (26.7) (22.8) (19.4) <16.7) (8.3)
Daily .
Maximum: .89 89 89 89 85 77 72 67 52
(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (29.4) (25.0) (22.2) (19.4) (11.1)
-56-
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State later Pse and Criteria Values
Table lOf. General Lake Brie Basin - includes all surface waters of
the state vithin the boundaries of the Lake Erie
drainage basin, excluding those water bodies as
designated in Table lOg through lOi. Shown as degrees
Fahrenheit ""** (Celsius).
Jan. Feb.< Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. Hay Hay Jun
' *-3i '1=29 1^15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
Average: 44 44 48 51 \ 54 60 64 66 72
(6.7) (6,7) (8.9) (10.6) (12.2) (15.6) (17.3) (18.9) (22.2)
u , _
Daily
Maximum: i 49 49 53 56 61 65 f 9 72 76
-(9.4) (9.4)- (11.7) (13.3) (16.1) (18.3) (20.6) (22.2) (2».4)
June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 82 82 82 82 75 67 61 54 44
(27.8) (27.8) (27.8) (27.8) (23.9) (19.4) (16.1) (12.2) (6.7)
Daily
Maximum: 85 85 85 85 80 72 66 59 49
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (26.7) (22.2) (18.9) (15.0) (9.4)
-57-
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State
laterDse and Criteria Values
Table 10g.
Jan.
1-31
Average: 45
(7.2)
Daily ' ' . '
liaxiaua: 50
(10.0)
June
16-30
Average: 85 .
(29.4)
Daily
Maximus: 89
(31.7)
Mauaee River - Ohio-Indiana state line to Hauaee River
estuary. Shovn as degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
Feb. Ear. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May Jun
1=22 kl5- 16"31 *-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
45 47 S3 58 61 67 70 75
(7.2) (8.3) (11.7) (.14.4) (16.1) (19.4) (21.1) (23.9)
50 52. 58 63 68 72 76 80
(10.0) (ll.J>- (14.4) (17.2) (20.0) (22.2) (24.4) (26.7)
July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1-31 l^V 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
85 S5 85 80 71 65 58 45
(29.4) (29.4) (29.4) (26.7) (21.7) (18.3) (14.4) (7.2)
89 89 89 85 76 70 63 50
(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (29.4) (24.4) (21.1) (17.2) (10.0)
-58-
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State
Water Pale and Criteria Values
Table lOh. Mauvce Bay - includes all waters of the state knovn as
Maiwee Bay including the Mauoee River estuary and the
estuary portions of an tributaries entering Mauoee Bay
to the lean Lake Brie Bean high water level. Shown as
Average:
Jan.
1-31
Feb.
1-2$
Mar.
1-15-7'
Mar.
16-31
»•*• \ w<
Apr.
1-15
fcj«jmaiy •
Apr.
16-30
May
1-15
May
16-31
Jun
1-15
(8.3)
Daily
Maximum: 52
(11.1)
June
16-30
Average: 83
(29.3)
Daily
Maximum: 87
(30.6)
47 48 50 52 57 61 65 V71
(8.3) (8,9) (10.0) (11.1) (13.9) (16.1) (18.3) (21.7)
52 53 54 59 63 63 76 77
(11.1) (11.7) (12.2) (15,0) (17.2) (18.9) (24.4) (25.0)
July Aug. Sept. Sejt. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec.
izli 1=31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-30 1-31
83 83 83 75 69 64 59 .47
(28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (23.9) (20.6) (17.8) (15.0) (8.3)
87 87 87 80 74 69 64 52
(30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (26.7) (23.3) (20.6) (17.8) <11.1)
-59-
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State
Water Uac imd Criteria Values
Table 101. Sandusky Bay - includes all waters o£ the state kaovn as
Sandusky Bay including the Sandusky River estuary and
the estuary portions of all tributaries entering
Sandusky Bay to the Lake Brie lean high vater level.
Shown as degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. . Apr.
1-31 1-29 1-15: 16^31 1-15
Apr. May
16-30 1-1,5
May Jun
16-31 1-15
Average: 47 47 48 50 52 57 63 68 74
(8.3) (8,3) (8.9) (10.0) (11.1) (13.9.) (17.2) (20.6) (23.3)
»dly
52 52 53 55 57 62 613 73 79
(11.1) (11.1) (11.7) (12.8) (13.9) (16.7) (20.0) (22.8) (26.1)
June . July Aung.
16-30 1-31 1^31
Sept. Sept. Oct.
1-15 16-30 1-15
Oct. Nov. Dec.
16-31 1-30 1-31
Average: 83 83 83 83 75 69 64 59 47
(28;3) (28.3) (28.3) (28.3) (23.9) (20,6) (17,8) (15.0) (8.3)
Daily
Maxima:
87 87 87 87 80 74 69 64 52
(30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (30.6) (26.7) (23.3) (20,,6) (17.8) (11.1)
-60-
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State ¥ateg Pse and Criteria Values
Table 10j, Mnhoning River - Leavitt Road da* (RM 46.1) to the
Ohio-Pennsylvania state line (RM 12.6). Shovn as
degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. May May Jun
1-31 1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15
Average: 47 47 50 "~. 54 59 65 68 73 77
(8.3) (8.3) (10.0) (12.2) (15.0) (18.3) (20.0) (22.8) :(25.0)
Paily ' •• ' ' - '••'. • •" :'' •• . :- '•'••• '•••'••• ".'.•'• ;. •' '• . .'•'-•'. •' '
Maximum: 53 53 57 61 65 70 76 '9 84
(11.7) (11.7) (13.9) (16.1) (18.3) (21.1) (24.4) (?6.1) (28.9)
Jure July Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Fov. Dec.
16-30 1-31 1-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 i-30 1-31
Average: 85 85 85 85 78 73 67 60 51
(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (28.3) (25.0) (22.2) (18.9) (12.8)
Daily
Maximum: 89 89 89 89 83 77 72 66 55
(31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (31.7) (28.3) (25.0) (22.2) (18.9) (12.8)
-61-
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State
later Pae and Criteria Values
Table 10k.
Jan.
1-31
Average: 45
(7.2)
Daily .
Maximum? 49
(9.4)
June
16-30
Average: 84
(28.9)
Daily
Maximum:
Cuyahoga liver - Headwaters of the Cuyahoga River Gorge
Dam Pool (BM 46.2) to the Cuyahoga River Ship Channel
(RM 5.7). Shorn as degrees Fahrenheit and (Celsius).
Feb. Mar. Mar. Apr.
1-29 1-15 16-31 1-15
Apr. Hay
16-30 '1-15
May Jun
16-31 1-15
45 . .51 .53 55 60 . .65 71 80
(7.2) -(10.6) (11,7) (12.8) (15.6 (».3) (21.7).£26.7)
•*9 55 57 62 66 70 78 84
(9.4) (12.8) (13.9) (16.7) (18.9) (21.1) (25.6' (28.9)
\Tuly Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov.
1>31 1^31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-3C
84 84 84 77 70 63 55 45
(28.9) (28.9) (28.9) (25.0) (21.1).(17.2) (12.8) (7.2)
88 88 88 88 82 75 69 64 52
(31.1) (31.1) (31.1) (31.1) (27.8) (23.9) (20.6) (17.8)'(11.1)
Oklahc
.36
Secondary Wara ¥ater Fishery, Primary Vim Vater
Fishery, SoallBotith Bass Fishery (Excluding Lake
Waters), Trout Fishery (Put and Take):
At no timo shall heat be added to any surface water.in
excess of the amount that vill raise the temperature
of the receiving water more than 5°F. The normal daily
and seasonal variations that were present before the
addition «i£ heat from other than natural sources shall
be maintained, in streams, temperature determinations
shall be made by averaging representative temperature
measurements of the cross sectional .area of the stream
at the end of the mixing zone.
In lakes, the temperature of the water column and/or
epilimnion, if thermal stratification exists, shall
not be raised more than 3°F above than: which existed
before the addition of heat of artificial origin,
based upon the average of temperatures taken from the
surface to the bottom of the lake, or surface to the
bottom of the epilimnion if the lake is stratified.
Bo artificial heat shall be added ii:hat causes the
receiving stream water temperature i;:o exceed the
maximums specified below:
-62-
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State Water Pae and Criteria Values
1. The critical, temperature plus 5°F in primary
and secondary warm water fishery streams and
lakes except in the segment of the Arkansas River
from Red Rock Creek to the headwaters of Keystone
Reservoir where the maximum temperature shall not
exceed 94 F.
2. 84°F in smallmouth bass streams.
3. 68°F in trout streams.
Water in privately-owned lakes and reservoirs used in
the process of cooling water for industrial purposes
is not classified as "waters, of the State" (See
Apr radix I), and is. exempt from these temperature
restrictions, provided the water released from any
such lake or reservoir into a stream system shall meet
tke water quality standards of the receiving stream.
Oregon Rorth Coast - Lower Columbia Basin:
A. Columbia River: No measurable increases shall be
allowed outside of the assigned mixing zone, as
measured relative to a control point immediately
upstream from a discharge when stream temperatures are
68 P. or greater; or more than 0.5°F. increase due to
a single-source discharge when receiving water
temperatures are 67.5°F. or less; or more than 2°F.
increase due to all sources combined when stream
temperatures are 66°F. or less, except for"
specifically limited duration activities which may be
authorized by DEQ under such conditions as DEQ and the
Department of Fish and Wildlife may prescribe and
which are necessary to accommodate legitimate uses or
activities where temperatures in excess of this
standard are unavoidable and all practical preventive
techniques have been applied to minimize temperature
rises. The Director shall hold a public hearing when a
request for an exception to the temperature standard
for a planned activity or discharge will in all
.probability adversely affect the beneficial uses.
1. All other freshwater streams and tributaries,
thereto: No measurable increases shall be allowed'
outside of the assigned mixing zones, as measured
relative to control point immediately upstream from a
discharge when stream temperatures are 58°F. or
greater; or more than 0.5°F. increase due to a
single-source discharge when receiving water
temperatures are 57.5°F. or less; or more than 2°F.
increase due to all sources combined when stream
temperatures are 56°F. or less, except for
specifically limited duration activities which which
-63-
-------
State- Water use and Criteria Values
nay be authorized by DEQ- under such conditions as DEQ
and the 'Department of Fish and tfildliile may prescribe
and which are necessary to accommodate legitimate uses
7 or activities where temperatures in excess of this
standard . are unavoidable and all practical preventive
techniques have been applied to minimize temperature
rises. The Director shall hold a public hearing when a
. request for an exception to the temperature standard
for a planned activity or discharge) will in all
.probability adversely affect the beneficial uses.
C. Marine and estuarine waters: No significant
increase above natural background temperatures shall
be allowei, and water temperatures shall not. be
altered tc"a degree which creates or can reasonably be
expected ;o create ar adverse effect on fish or other
aquatic life.
Hid Coast Basin:
A. Fresh laters: No measurable' increases, shall be
allowed outside of the assigned. mixing zone, as
measured relative to a control, point immediately
upstream from a discharge when stream temperatures are
64 F. or ;greater; or more than 0.5°F. increase due to
a singlevsource discharge when receiving-water
temperatures are 63.5°F. or less; or more than 2°F.
increase .due to all sources combined when stream
temperatures are 62°F or less, except for specifically
limited duration activities which may be authorized by
DEQ under such conditions as DEQ and thus Department of
Fish and Wildlife may prescribe and which are
necessary to accommodate legitimate uses or activities
where temperatures in excess of this standard are
unavoidable and all practical preventive techniques
have been applied to minimize temperature rises. The
Director shall hold a public hearing when a request
for an exception to .the temperature standard for a
planned activity or discharge will in all probability
adversely affect the beneficial uses.
B. Marine and eatuarine waters: Same as North
Coast-Lower Columbia Basin.
Umpqua Basin:
A. Fresh waters: Same as North Coast-Lower Columbia
Basin, All Otner Fresh Water Streams.
B- Marine and estuarine waters: Same as North
Coast-Lower Columbia Basin.
South Coast Basin:
-64- '. • ' - .
-------
State Water use and Criteria Values
A. Fresh Waters: Same as Mid Coast Basin.
B. Marine and estuarine vaters: Same as North
Coast-Lover Columbia Basin.
Rogue Basin:
A. Fresh Waters: Same as North Coast-Lover Columbia
Basin, All Other Fresh Water Streams.
B. Marine and estuarine vaters: Same as North
Coast-Lover Columbia Basin.
'• "' •• •' ' Willamette Basin: • ';':' ' ' ; .":';'- ' . •.'•'•'•
A. Multnomah Channel and the main stem Willamette
River from month to Hevoerg, river mile 50: No
measurable increases shall be alloved outside of the
assigned mixing ione, as measured relative to a
control point immediately upstream from a discharge
vhen stream temperatures are 70°F. or greater; or more
than 0.5 F. increase due to a single-source discharge
vhen receivingQvater temperatures are 69.5°F. or less;
or more than 2 F. increase due to all sources combined
vhen stream temperatures are 68°F. or less, except for
specifically limited duration activities vhich may be
authorized by DEQ under such conditions as DEQ and the
Department of Fish and Wildlife may prescribe and
vhich are necessary to accommodate legitimate uses or
activities; vhere temperatures in excess of this
standard are unavoidable and all practical preventive
techniques have been applied to minimize temperature
rises. The Director shall hold a public hearing vhen a
request for an exception to the temperature standard
for a planned activity or discharge vill in all
probability adversely affect the beneficial uses.
B. Willamette River from Hevberg to confluence of
Coast and Middle Forks, river mile 187: Same as Mid
Coast Basin, Fresh Waters.
C. AH other Willamette Basin streams:
i. Salmonid Fish Producing Waters: Same as North
Coast-Lover Columbia Basin, All Other Fresh Water !
Streams.
Jf- N°n-Salmonid *ish Producing Waters: Same as
Mid Coast Basin, Fresh Waters.
as North
-65-
-------
State ' ' Water Use and Criteria Values
Sandy Basin*
A. Hain Sten Columbia. Elver .(river miles 120 to 147):
Same as North Coast-Lover Columbia Basin, Columbia
River.
B. All other Basis Waters: Same as North Coast-Lover
Columbia Basin, All Other Fresh Water Streams.
Hood Basins . ...".";'•'•' • •
A. Colombia River (river miles 147 to 203): Same as
North Coast-Lover Columbia Basin, Columbia River.. •.'•••.
B. Other Hood River Basin streams* .Same as North
Coast-Lover Columbia Basin, All other Fresh Water
Streams.
Deschutes Basin: " -
A. Columbia River (river miles 201 to 218): Same as
North Coast-Lover Columbia Basin, Columbia River. .
B. Other Desehutes Elver Basin streams;! Same as North
Coast-Lover Columbia Basin, All other1 Fresh Water
Streams.
John Day Basin - Same as. North Coast-Lover Columbia
Basin, Columbia River.
Uaatilla Basin - Same as North.Coast-Lover Columbia
Basin, Columbia River. :
Walla Walla Basin - No measurable increase vhen river
temperatureis are 68 F. or greater,; or more than
0.5 F. due to a single-source discharge vhen receiving
.voters are €7.5 F. or less; or more than 2°F, increase.
due to all sources combined vhen• rivctr temperatures
are 66 F. or less.
Grande Ronde Basin - Same as North Coast-Lower
Columbia Basin, Columbia River.
Povder Basiii: .
A. Snake River - Same as North Coast-Lover Columbia
Basin, Columbia River.
B. All other basin waters - Same as Hid Coast Basin,
Fresh Waters-
Halheur River Basin - Same as North Coast-Lover
Columbia Basin, Columbia River.
-66-
-------
Stmte
WaterQse and Criteria Values
Ovyhee Basin - Same as North Coast-Lower Columbia
Basin, Columbia River.
Malheur Lake Basin - Sane as North Coast-Lover
Columbia Basin, Columbia River.
Goose and Summer Lakes Basin:
A. Goose Lake - Daily average temperature shall not
exceed 70-. Fr~ or the daily mean ambient air
temperature, whichever is greater.. .
B. All other/ traters - Same as North Coast-Lover
Columbia Basin, Columbia River. • ; ' ' ' '
Klamath Basin
Ac SaJjwnid Fish
North Coast-Lover
later Streams.
(Trout) Producing Waters - Same as
Columbia Basin, All other Frash
Pennsylvania
38
B. Non-salmonid Pish Producing Waters - No measurable
increases shall be allowed outside of the assigned
mixing zone, as measured relative to a control point
immediately upstream from a discharge when stream
temperatures are 72QF. or greater, or more than 0.5°F.
increase due to a single source discharge when
receiving water temperatures are 71.S°F. or less; or
•ore than 2 F. increase due to all sources combined
when stream temperatures are 70°F. or less, except for
specifically limited duration activities which may be
authorized by DEQ under such conditions as DSQ and the
Department of Fish and Wildlife may prescribe and
which are necessary to accommodate legitimate uses or
activities where temperatures in excess of this
standard are unavoidable and all practical preventive
techniques have been applied to minimize temperature
rises. The Director shall hold a public hearing when a
request for an exception to the temperature standard
for a planned activity or discharge will in all
probability adversely affect the beneficial uses. '
Tesp1 - No rise when ambient temperature is 58°F. or
above; not more than 5°F. rise above ambient
temperature until stream temperature reaches 58°F.;
not to be changed by more than 2°F during any one-hour
period.
- No
above; not
temperature
not to be changed
oner-hour period.
rise when ambient temperature is 87°F. or
more than a 5 F. rise above ambient
until stream temperature reaches 87°F.;
-L ' by more than 2°F. during any
-67-
-------
State
Water Pse and Criteria Values
Temp3 - For the period 2/15 to 7/31 1 no rise vhen
ambient tismperature is 74 F. or above; not more than
5 P. rise above ambient temperature until stream
temperature reaches 74 F., not to be changed by more
than 2 F. during any one-hour period; for the
remainder of the yeart no rise vhen ambient
temperature is 87 -F. or above; not more than a 5°F
rise .- above ambient, temperature until stream
temperature, reaches 87°F., not to be changed by more
than 2 F.
during any one-hour period.
-.Not., to. .exceed the following temperatures, in
the month indicated: . L
Month
Temperature, -F.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
'October
November
December
- Not
56
56
62
71
80
90
90
90
90
78
69
58
more
temperature during
than 5 F. above thus average daily
the 1961-66 period, which is shovn
belov, or a maximum of 86 F.. whichever is less.
-68-
-------
State
later Pae and Criteria Values
Average Daily Temperature
1961-1966
(Temperatures may be interpolated)
Delaware Estuary,
Head of Tide To
River Mile 108.4
(about 1 mile beloy
Pennypack Creek) \
Delaware Estuary
River Mile 108.4
.(about 1 mile below
Pennypack Creek) to
Big Timber.Creek
Delaware Estuary,
from Big Timber
Creek to Penn.-
Delaware State Line
Date °-F
Jam; try 1 37
February 1 35
March 1 38
Apjil 1 46
May 1 58
June 1 71
July 1 79
August 1 81
September 1 7fi
September 15 76
October 1 70
November 1 59
December 1 46
December 15 40
41
35
38
46
58
71
79
81
79
77
70
61
50
45
42
36
40
47
58
72
80
81
78
78
70
60
50
45
*eap6 - Not more than 5°F. rise above the ambient
temperatures until stream temperatures reach 50°F.,
nor more than 2 F. rise above ambient temperature when
temperatures are between 50°F. and 58°F., nor shall
temperatures exceed 58°F.", whichever is less, except
in designated heat dissipation areas.
Temp-. - AS a guideline, . the maximum length of heat
dissipation areas shall not be longer than. 3,500 feet
measured from the point where the waste discharge
enters the steam. The vidth of heat dissipation areas
shall not exceed two-thirds the surface width measured
from shore to shore at any stage of tide or the width
one-fourth the cross-sectional area of
whichever is less. Vithin any one heat
area only one shore shall be used in
the limits of the area. Where waste
are .close to ..each other, additional
nay be prescribed to protect stream uses.
_ temperatures shall be measured outside the
heat dissipation area. The rate of temperature change
in the heat change in the heat dissipation area shall
not cause mortality of the fish.
encompassing
the stream,
dissipation
determining
discharges
limitations
Controlling
-69-
-------
State • . ' Water Use and Criteria Values
o - As a guideline, the maximum length .of heat
• • 'dissipation.! 'ureas shall not be longer than 3,500 feet
or 20 times the average stream width, whichever is
less, measured from the point where the waste
discharge enters the stream. Heat dissipation areas
shall not ^ exceed one-half the surface stream width or
the width' encompassing one-half of the- entire
. cross-sectional areas of the stream, whichever is
less. Within any one heat dissipation area, only one
• . . . shore shall be used in determining th» limits of the
area. Where waste discharges are close to each other,
. .' ' additional limitations may be prescribed. to protect
• "' . ... V . water .uses-* Controlling temperatures sluiill be measured
• outside the heat dissipaticn zone. The rate of
. . temperature change in desig-iated heat dissipation
areas shall not cause mortality of the £ish.
Temp. - As a guideline, me maximum length of heat
• . dissipation areas shall not -be longer than 1,000 feet
or 20 times the average width of the stream whichever
is less,, measured from the points where the waste
discharge enters the stream. Heat dissipation areas
. . shall not .exceed one-half the surface stream width or
the width encompassing one-half of the entire
cross-sectional area of the stream, whichever is less.
Within any one heat dissipation area, only one shore
shall, be used in determining the limits of the area.
Where waste discharges are close to each other,
additional limitations may be prescribed to protect
' water uses. Controlling temperatures shall be measured
outside the heat dissipation zone. The rate of
temperature change in designated heat dissipation
areas shall not cause mortality of the fish.
39
Rhode Island Class A - Ho allowable temperature increase other than
of natural origin...
Class B -: Only such increases that will mot impair any
usages specifically assigned to this Class The
temperature increase shall not raise the temperature
of the receiving waters above the recommended limit on
the most sensitive receiving water use and in no castes
exceed 83 degrees F. In no case shall the temperature
of the receiving water be raised more than 4 degrees
P. Heated discharges into designated coldwater
habitats shall not raise the temperature above 68
degrees F outside an established thermal Mixing zone.
Class C - Only such increases that will not impair any
usages specifically assigned to this Class or causes
the growth of unfavorable species of biota.
Class D - None except where the inqrease will not
-70-
-------
State Water Use and Criteria Values
• exceed the recommended limits on the most sensitive
water use and in no ease exceed 90°F.
Classes" SA, SB; "and SC - No temperature increase
except where the increase vill not exceed the
recommended limit on the most sensitive receiving
vater use and in no case exceed 83 degrees F or in any
case raise the normal temperature more than 1.6
degrees F, 15-June through September and not more than
4 degrees F from October through 15 June. All
measurements shall be made at the boundary of such
... . mixing zones as is found to be reasonable by the
• ' • ..Director. ' ' •' . " ' • .
40 '
South Carolina a. The water temperature of all Class A nnd Class B
free flowing waters shall not be increased more than
5 F (2.8 C) above natural temperature conditions or
exceed a maximum of 90°F (32.2°C) as a result of the
discharge of heated liquids unless a different
temperature standard as provided for in Section E. has
been established, a mixing zone as provided in D. (5)
has been established, or a Section 316 (a)
determination under the Federal Clean Water.Act has
been completed.
b. The weekly average water temperature of all Class
SA, 0Class SB, and Class SC waters shall not exceed 4°F
(2,2 C) above natural conditions during the fall,
winter or spring, or l.S°F (0.8°C) above natural
conditions during the summer as a result of the
discharge of heated liquids unless a different
temperature standard as provided for in Section E. has
been established, a mixing zone as provided in D.(5)
has been established, or a Section 315(a)
_. determination under the Federal Clean Water Act has
'.;••. ; , ' ' been.-completed. ; ••':. •'•'•'••• ••.•"•• ••' •
c. The weekly average water temperature of all Class A
and Class B lakes or reservoirs shall not be increased
more than 5 F (2.8°C) above natural conditions or
exceed 90 F (32.2°C) as a result of the discharge of
heated liquids unless a different temperature standard
as provided for in Section E. has been established, a. ,;
mixing zone as provided in D.(5) has been established,
or a Section 316(a) determination under the Federal
Clean Water Act has 4>een completed.
Class A-Trout - Not to vary from levels existing under
natural conditions, unless determined that some other
temperature will protect the classified uses.
-71-
-------
State
Water Dae and Criteria Values
South Dakota
41
B-Tront - Not to vary from levels existing under
natural conditions, unless determined that some other
temperature vill protect the classified uses.
(The applicable criterion
timest without exception.)
is to be maintaned at all
Coldvater .Permanent Fish Life Propagation Waters -
temperature shall be less than 65 P. .....
Coldvater Marginal Fish Life . Propagation Waters ,-
Temperature aay not exceed 75 F. •
War? water- Pi
Temperature may not exceed 80°F.
it Fish Life Propagation Waters -
Wrnvater
it Fish Life Propagation '/aters -
Temperature! may not exceed 90 F.
fanvater Marginal Fish Life Propagation
Temperature may not exceed 90°P.
Waters -
Temperature! change in fish life propagation waters. Mo
discharge or discharges shall affect the temperature
by. more than 4 F in streams classified for .the
beneficial use of coldvater permaxuiint, coldvater
marginal, or varmvater permanent fish life
propagation; by more than 5°F in streams classified
for the beneficial use of varmvater marginal fish life
.propagation or varmvater semipermanent fish life; or
by more than 3 F in lakes or impoundments classified
for the beneficial use of fish life propagation.
Exceptions to this criterion may be granted to the
Board if such discharge vill not impair the beneficial
use of fish life.propagation. In addition, the maximum
incremental temperature shall not exceed 2°F per hour.
There shall be no induced temperature change over
spawning beds.
Tennessee
42
Domestic Water Supply - The maximum water temperature
change shall not exceed 3 degrees C relative to an
upstream control point. The temperature of the water
shall not exceed 30.5 degrees C and the maximum rate
of change shall not exceed 2 degrees C per hour. The
temperature of impoundments where stratification
occurs will be measured at a depth of 5 feet, or
mid-depth whichever is less, and the temperature in
flowing streams shall be measured at mid-depth.
Industrial Vstc
Supply.
Supply - Same as Domestic Water
-72-
-------
State Pater Use and Criteria Values
Fish and Aquatic Life - The maximum vater temperature
change shall not exceed 3 degrees C relative to an
upstream control point. The temperature of the vater
shall not exceed 30.5 degrees C and the maximum rate
of change shall not exceed 2 degrees C per hour. The
temperature of recognized trout waters shall not
exceed 20 degrees C. There shall be no abnormal
temperature changes tha.t may affect aquatic life
unless caused by natural conditions. The temperature
of impoundments where stratification occurs will be
; measured at mid-depth in the epilimnion for warm water
fisheries and mid^depth . in the hypolimnion for cold
wausr fisheries. In the case of large impoundments
(330 acres or larger) subject to stratification and
recognized as trout waters, _the temperature of the
bypolimnion shall not exceed 20 degrees C. The
temperature on flowing streams shall be measured at
mid-depth.
Recreation - Same as Domestic Water Supply. '
Irrigation - The temperature of the water shall not be
raised or lowered to such an extent as to interfere
with its use for irrigation purposes.
Livestock Watering and ¥ildlife - The temperature of
the water shall not be raised or lowered to such an
extent as to interfere with its use for livestock
watering and wildlife. .
Tcxas Consistent with the Section §307.1 of this title
(relating to General Policy Statement) and in
accordance with state water rights permits,
tenP«ature in industrial cooling lake impoundments
and all other , surface waters of the state shall be
.maintained so as to not interfere with the reasonable
use of such waters. Numerical temperature criteria
nave not been specifically established for industrial
cooling lake impoundments, which in most areas of the
state contribute to water conservation and water
quality objectives. With the exception of industrial
cooling impoundments, temperature elevations due to
discharges -of treated domestic (sanitary) effluent,'
and designated mixing zones, the following temperature
criteria, expressed as a .maximum temperature
differential (rise over ambient) are established:
freshwater streams - 5?F; freshwater lakes and
impoundments - 3°F; tidal river reaches, bay and gulf
"* in fal Vint ° in
' '
summer (June, July, and August). Additional
temperature -criteria .(^pressed as maximum
temperatures) for. classified, segments are specified in
-------
Sfcite
Pater Use mid Criteria Values
Appendix A of $307.10 of this title (rclating to
Appendices A through C).
Utah
44
Aquatic Life: Class 3A - Maximum temperature 20°C.
Maximum temperature change 2 C.
Aquatic Life: Class 311 4 3C - Maxiiium temperature
27VC...Maximumtemperature change 4 C.
Domestic Source: Classes 1A, 11, and 1C; Recreation
aod Aesthetics: Classes 2A and 2B; Aquatic Life:
Class 3D; tod Agriculture: Class 4 - Insufficient
evidence to warrant die establishment: of numerical
standard. Limits assigrad on case-by-case basis.
Veraont
.45
a. General - The change or rate of change in
temperature, either upward or downward, shall be
controlled so as to prevent any undue adverse effect
on aquatic biota, fish and wildlife.
b. Cold Water Pish Habitat - The total increase in
temperature from background conditions due to nil'
discharges and activities shall not at any time exceed
1.0. P except: as provided for in paragraph (d) below.
c. Wan Water Pish Habitat - The to tail increase in
temperature from background conditions due to all
discharges and' activities shall not at any tine exceed
the values derived from tables I or 2 except as
provided for in paragraph (d) below.
Table 1. Rivers, Streams. Brooks and Creeks
Background temperature
Above 66~F
63° to 66°F
59® to 62°F
55° to 58°P
Below 55°P
Total allowable
increase above
background
temperature
2
-------
State Water Use and Criteria Values
Tabla 2. Lakes. Ponds. Reservoirs and other waters
Total allowable
increase above
background
Background temperature temperature
Above 60T . : l°p
50° to 60°P . 2°F
Below 5Q°P . 3°F :
d. ^si^lation of TherMl Wastes - The Secretary may,
' u.t v****** condition, specify .temperature criteria
which exceed the values specified above in order to
authorize discharges/ of thermal wastes when it is
shown that:
(l)The discharge win comply with all other applicable
provisions of these rules.
(2)A mixing zone of 200 feet in length is not adequate
to provide for assimilation of the thermal waste.
(3)After taking into account the interaction of
thermal effects and other wastes, that the higher
temperature will not result in thermal shock or have
Si.,???16 adverse «**«* on aquatic biota, fish or
wildlife or any beneficial values or uses associated
with the classification of the receiving waters.
Virginia46
VR680-21-01.5 Standards for Maximum Temperature
Class HI: aon-tidal Waters (Coastal Zone and Piedmont
Zones) - Maximum temperature 32°C.
Class XV: Mountainous
temperature 31°C.
Put and Take
VI: Natural Trout Waters - Maximum temperature
C*
Class VH: Swamp Water - Maximum temperature will be
the same as that for Classes I through VI waters as
appropriate. . . •
YR680-21-01.6 Rise Above Natural enrngrar-t.™
Any rise above natural temperature shall no t exceed
.3 c, except in the ease of Class VI waters (natural
trout waters), where it shall not exceed 1°C. However^
the Board can, on a case-by-case basis, impose a more
-75-
-------
State ' • ffater Use and Criteria. Values
stringent .Unit on the rise above natural temperature.
Natural temperature is defined as that temperature of
a body of vater (Measured as the arithmetic average
over one hour) due solely to natural conditions
without the influence of any point-source discharge.
VR680-21-01.7 Maximum Hourly Temperatune Change
The maximum hourly temperature change shall not exceed
.20, except in the case of Class VI waters /natural
trout waters) vhere it .shall not excused 0.5 C. This
standard, (limit) shall apply beyond the boundaries of
mixing ; zones and is in addition to temperature changes
caused by natural conditions.
VR680-21-01.8 Thermal Discharges flrto Lakes and
Impoundments .. . •
In lakes and impoundments recf.lving thermal
discharges, the temperature of the epilimnion or
surface vater when there is no stratification shall
not be raised more than 3 C above that: which existed
before the addition of heat of artificial origin.. The
Board may, on a case-by-case basis, impose a more
stringent limit on temperature rise. The increase
shall be based on the monthly average of the maximum
daily temperature. The temperature of releases from
these lakes and. impoundments shall be consistent with
standards established for the receiving waters. When
an applicant for a permit purposes either a discharge
of ..heated effluent into the hypoliranion or the pumping
of vater faros the hypplimnion for : re turn back into the
same body of vater, such practice shall., not be
approved unless a special study shows that the
practice will not produce adverse effects.
VR680-21-03U9 Site-Specific Temperature Requirements
The temperature limitssetforth in Sections
VR680-21-01 i 5 ...-•• VR680-21-01.8 may be super ceded in
certain .locations by Site-Specific Temperauter
Standards or in the case where a thermal variance
demonstration is performed in accordance with Section
316(a) of the Clean Water Act. Criteria for
development of site specific temperature requirements
is found in A. below. Crieria for 316(a)
demonstrations is found in B. belov.
A. Criteria for Developing Site-Specific Temperature
Standards: For any specified time of year there shall
be tvo upper limiting temperatures far a location
based on temperature requirements of important
sensitive species found at the location at that time.
These limiting temperatures are:
. 1. A maximum weekly average temperature.that:
' ! -76- • ' . ' •'
-------
State BatfirOse and Criteria Values
a. in the warmer months is determined by
adding to the physiological optimum
..temperature (usually the optimum for growth)
for the most sensitive important species
(and appropriate life stage) that normally
is found at that location and time; a factor
calculated as one-third of the difference
between the ultimate upper incipient lethal
-; .' temperature and the optimum temperature for
. . that species; ...
-'_ b. in the. cooler months is ah elevated
temperature that would still ensure that
important species would survive if the
temperature suddenly dropped to the-normal
ambient temperature;
c. during reproduction seasons meats
specific site requirements for successful
migration, spawning, egg incubation,- fry.
rearing, and other reproductive functions.of
important species;
d. at a specific site is found necessary to
preserve normal species diversity!or.prevent
undesirable growths of nuisance organisms..
2. A time-dependent maximum temperature for short
exposures.
Baseline thermal conditions shall be measured at a
site where there is no unnatural thermal addition from
any source, which site is in reasonable proximity to
the thermal discharge (within 5 miles), and which has
similar hydrography to that of the receiving waters at
the point of discharge.
Standards development should be in accordance with
Water Quality Criteria 1972: A Report of the Committee
on Water Quality Criteria and Quality Criteria for
Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
B. 316(a) Determinations
A successful demonstration accepted by the Board ^
concerning thermal discharge limits carried out under
Section 316(a) of the Clean Water Act shall constitute
compliance with the temperature requirements of these
standards. A successful demonstration must assure the
protection and propagation of a balanced indigenous
population of aquatic species and wildlife in or on
the water in which the discharge is made. When making
a determination concerning thermal discharge limits
-77-
-------
State ¥ater Uae and Criteria Values
uad«r Section 316(a) of the Clean Water Act, the Board
shall provide notice and opportunity for a public
hearing.
47
.Washington Water temperature expressed in degrees Celsius.]
Class AA {Extraordinary) - Temperature shall not
.exceed 16.0 (freshwater) or 13.0° (marine vater) due
to human activities. Temperature increases shall not,
«t any time, exceed t-23/(T+5) (freshwater) or
t«8/(T-4) (marine water).
Vheno natural . conditions exceed 16.0? (freshwater) and
o
13.0 (Bar:lnr, water), no temperature increase vill be
allowed . whi A will raise
temperature Ky greater than 0.3
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the permissive
temperature change across the dilution zone; and T"
represents the highest existing temperature in this
water classification outside of any dilution zone.
Provided that temperature increase resulting from
nonpoint source activities shall not exceed 2.8°, amd
the maximum water temperature shall not exceed 16.3°
(freshwater). . ...
Class A (Excellent) - Temperature shaill not exceed
18.0 (freshwater) or 16.0° (marine water) due to
human activities. Temperature increases shall not, at
any time, exceed c»28/(Tn.7) (freshwater) or t-12/(T-7)
(marine water).
Wheno natural conditions exceed 18.0° (freshwater ) and
16.0 (marine water), no temperature increase will be
allowed which .will raise the receiving water
temperature by greater than: 0.3 .
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the permissive
temperature change across the dilution zone; and "T"
represents the highest existing temperature in this
water classification outside of any dilution zone.
Provided that temperature increase resulting from
nonpoint source activities shall not exceed 2.8° and
the maximum water temperature shall not; exceed 18.3°
(freshwater).
i,
Class B (Good) - Temperature shall not exceed 21.0°
(freshwater) or 19.0 (marine water) due to human
activities. Temperature increases shall not, at any
time, exceed t«34/(T+9) (freshwater) or t»16/T (marine
water.)'. • : ' • ' . • • '. . . • •
-78-
-------
Stett
Eater Use and Criteria Values
.When natural conditions exceed 21.0° (freshwater).and
19.0 (marine water), no temperature increase will be
allowed which will raise the receiving vater
temperatfire by gleater than 0.3 .
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the permissive
temperature change, across the dilution zone; and "T"
represents the highest existing temperature in this
vater .classification outside of any dilution zone.
Provided" that ;temperature increase resulting from
nonpoint source activities shall.not exceed 2.8°, and
the maximum water temperature shall not exceed 21.3°
(freshwater).
Class
24*0°
C (Fair) - Vater temperatures shall not exceed
(freshwater) or 22.0 (marine water) due to
human activities. Temperature increases shall not, at
any time, exceed t-20/(T+Z).
Then natural .conditions exceed 22.0*
increase will be allowed which
, no temperature
— — ——-— -..__. will raise the
receiving water temperature by greater than 0.3°.
For purposes hereof, "t" represents the.permissive
temperature change across the dilution zone; .and "Tn
represents the highest existing temperature in this
water classification outside of any dilution zone.
Lake Glass
conditions.
- No measurable change from natural
Vest Virginia48
Warm Vater B1.3
Visconsin
Temperature rise shall be limited to no more than 5°F
above natural temperature, not to exceed 87°F at any
time during months of May through November and not to
exceed 73 F at any time during the months of December
through April. During any month of the year, heat
should not be added to a stream in excess of the
amount that will raise the temperature of the water
more than 5oF above natural temperature. In lakes and
reservoirs, the temperature of the elipimnion should
not be raised more than 3 F by the addition of heat of
artificial origin. The normal daily arid seasonable
temperature fluctuations that existed before the
addition of heat due to other than natural causes
should be maintained.
Fish and Aquatic Life:
1.There shall be no temperature changes that may
adversely affect aquatic life.
-79-
-------
State ' Water Use and Criteria Values
2. Natural daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations
shall be maintained. .
3. The maximum temperature rise at the edge of the
nixing zone above the existing natural .temperature
shall not exceed 5 degrees F for streams and 3 degrees
F for lakes.
4. The temperature shall not exceed 89 degrees F for
warm water fish;. ;. . • ' . .' • •' . "." ' • •'.' • • •
Lake Michigan and Lake Superior thermal .standards. For
Lake Michigan and Lake Super iff the following thermal
standards- are established so ai to minimize effects on
the aquatic biota in the receiving vatera".
1 (a) Thermal discharges shaTJL not raise the receiving
vater temperature more than 3 degrees F. above the
existing .natural temperature at the boundary .of mixing
zones established in paragraphs (b) and (c).
(b) 1. the mixing zone for a shoreline thermal
discharge shall be the .area included within the
. perimeter of a rectangular figure extending 1,250
feet In both directions along the shoreline from.the
outfall and 1,250 feet into the lake.
•
2. The mixing zone for an offshore thermal
discharge shall be the area rithin a 1,000-foot
radius circle vith its center ait the point of
discharge.
2. In addition to the limitation set forth in
subsection (1), but excepting the Milwaukee Harbor,
Port Washington Harbor and the mouth of the Fox River,
thermal, discharges to Lake Michigan shall not raise
the temperature of the receiving waters, at the
boundary of the established mixing zone above the
following.
limits:
January 45°F July 80°
February 45° August 80°
March 45° September 80°
April 55° October 65°
May 60° November 60°
June 70° December 50°
.
Mississippi river thermal standards. In addition to
the standards for fish and aquatic .life, the monthly
average of the maximum daily temperature in the
Mississippi river outside the mixing zone shall not
exceed the following limits:
. "-80- • ' ' .'•''.-
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State
Water Use and Criteria Values
January
February
March -
April
May
June
40°F
54°°
<
75o
84°
July
August
September
October
November
December
84
84
82e
73o
58*
48°
Thermal standards reviewed.
1. Whenever the owner of any source of thermal
discharges, in compliance vith department guidelines
and after opportunity for public hearing, can
demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department,
that the mixing zone established pursuant to this
chapter is more stringent than necessary to *.ssure the
protection and propagation of a balanced, indigenous
population of shellfish, fish and wildlife .n and on
the receiving water, the department may:
a. Impose a mixing zone 'with respect to such
thermal discharge that will assure the protection
and propagation of a balanced, indigenous
population of shellfish, fish and wildlife in and
on the receiving water, or
b. Exempt such thermal discharge from the thermal
requirements of this chapter provided this
exemption will not endanger the propagation of a
balanced, indigenous population of shellfish,
fish and wildlife in and on the receiving water.
2. Any owner desiring a review pursuant to NR 102.07
(1) shall submit a demonstration to the department no
later than June 30, 1976. The department shall reach a
decision no later than December 31, 1976.
3. In the event the owner fails to make a satisfactory
demonstration pursuant to NR 102.07 (1), the
department shall establish a compliance date for the
thermal component to be achieved no later than July 1,
1979.
4. Whenever the owner of any source of thermal^
discharges that commenced on or after August 1, 1975,
in compliance with department guidelines and after
opportunity., for public hearing,.can demonstrate to the
satisfaction of the department that the mixing zone
established pursuant to this chapter is more stringent
than necessary to assure the protection and
propagation of a balanced, indigenous population of
shellfish, fish and wildlife in and on the receiving
water, the department may:
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State ' later Use and Criteria Values
' . *• Inpose a nixing zone vith respect to such
thermal discharge that vill assure the protection
and propagation of such a population, or
b.. Exempt such thermal discharge from the thermal
• . requirements of this chapter provided this
exemption vill not endanger the propagation of
such a.population.
5. In the event an owner fails to make & satisfactory
....... . demonstration pursuance to NE .102.07 (4), the
' .'•". ' Discharge shall be in compliance with . the thermal
; . requirements of this chapter upon commencement of the
disrharge. •
6. - The department may require the reduction of ?,hennal
discharges or the size of configuration of a mixing
zone it if finds that environmental damage is imminent
os existent.
SO •
Vyoadng por Class I, U and HI waters effluent attributable
to or influenced by the activities of man shall not be
discharged in the amounts which change natural,ambient.
water, temperatures to levels which are deemed to be
harmful to existing aquatic life. •
For impoundments and waters designated by the Wyoming
Game and Pish Department as cold water fisheries!
effluent attributable to or influenced by i:h
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State
Water Ose and Criteria Values
'In all waters supporting vara and/or cold water fish
there shall be no induced temperature change over
spawning beds. For questions concerning the location
of spawning beds the Wyoming Game and Fish Department
shall be the final authority.
The various requirements of this Section may be waived
only under the provisions of Section 316(a) of the
Federal Act.
American Samoa'
51
The temperature shall not deviate more than 1.5°F. from
conditions which would occur naturally and shall not
bniriy fluctuate more than 1.0 degree Fahrenheit nor
fjcceed '85 decrees Fahrenheit due to the influence of
other than natural causes.
.52
District of Columbia Class B - Maximum 32.2 C; maximum change above ambient
2.8°C.
Class C - Maximum 32.2 C; maximum change above ambient
2.8°C.
GUM
.53
Water temperature shall not be changed more.than 1.0 C
(1.8 F) from ' ambient conditions, outside an
established mixing zone.
54 ' ' •
N. Mariana Islands Classes AA, A, 1 & 2 - Water temperature shall not
vary by more than 1.5 F (0.9°C) from the ambient
conditions.
Puerto Rico
55
General Vater Quality Standards:
A. Ho heat
which would
may be added to the waters of Puerto Rico
fi— cause the temperature of any site to
exceed 94 F.
B. Ho discharge or combination of discharges into the
waters of Puerto Rico shall be injurious to fish or
shellfish or the culture or propagation of a balanced
indigenous population thereof (nor in any way affect
desired use).
C. Thermal discharges shall be confined
epilimnetic layer of stratified lakes.
to the
D* Tneo rate of temPerature change shall not be more
than 1 F per hour and shall not exceed a total of 5PF
in any 24 hour period except when due to natural
causes. .
-83-
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State
Water Use and Criteria Values
Trust Territory'
.56
Temperature shall not vary by nore than 0.9°C (1.5°F)
from the natural conditions in marine and fresh waters.
Virgin Islands
.57
Class B - Temperature not to exceed 90°F. at any time,
norQ as a result of waste discharge to be greater tham
1.5 F.- above natural.: Thermal policy section 186-5
shall also apply.
Thermal Polieys _ '• . ......-..:• .'•'•••••;. '••/.-'•
a.' Fish an £ other aqua'ic life shall be protected from
thermal blocks by pr»viding for a minimum 75 percent
stream or -' estuarine cross-section and/or volumetric
passageway;, including^ a minimum of cm half of the
surface .is measured from water edge to .crater edge at
any stage of tide.
b. In non-passageway the surface water temperature
shall not exceed 90 F.
c. No heat may be added except in designated mixing
zones which would cause temperatures to
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