GROUND-WATER DATA MANAGEMENT WITH STORET
Compiled by the
Office of Ground-Water Protection
Wendy Blake-Coleman
Norbert Dee, Ph.D.
with Assistance from
Client Services Branch
Off ice of Solid Waste
Region IX Water Management Division:
Office of Ground Water, Permits and Compliance Branch
Office of Water
Office of Ground-Water Protection
Version 1.0 March 1986
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Office of Ground-Water Protection would like to give a
special thanks to Dan Parker of the Client Services Branch who
spent many hours developing retrieval request examples for the
manual and who provided the bulk of the technical assistance in
compiling the document. We would also like to thank the rest of
the staff of Client Services Branch, especially Louis Hoelman,
and Phil Lindenstruth, as well as Bob April, Amy Zimpfer,
Eric Wilson, Darlene Denson, Carolyn Acklin and Cheryl Clark for
their assistance in compiling and typing this manual.
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PREFACE
The Manual Methods for the Storage and Retrieval of RCRA-
Ground-Water Monitoring Data on Storet Users Manual (March 1985)
produced by the RCRA. program served as the prototype for this
current manual. The format has been changed and the scope
expanded to make the manual more relevant to all ground-water
programs.
This manual has been designed to address both ground-water
quality data and the related well site characteristics. For
non-USGS wells, appropriate fields have been added to include
this information on site characteristics. Much of this infor-
mation has been adopted from the s;ite characteristics informa-
tion found in the USGS Ground-Wate.r Site Inventory (GWSI). See
Section 5.6 for additional information on this system.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PREFACE
i
ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
1.1 Ground-Water Data Management at EPA 1-1
Brief Background on STORET. . . . 1-2
STORET Revisions 1~"5
1.2 Why Use STORET... 1~5
1.3 Who Might Benefit From Use of This Manual 1-6
2.0 HOW TO GET STARTED ON STORET
2.1 Getting Computer Access Codes.. 2-1
2.2 Assuring Equipment Compatibility.. 2-3
2.3 Set-Up Modifications for Accessing STORET 2-4
2.4 Training.. 2~5
2.5 Documentation « 2-5
2.6 Contacts 2~6
3.0 THE STORET SYSTEM FOR GROUND-WATER MONITORING DATA
3.1 Terminology for Ground-Water/STORET Users 3-1
3.2 STORET as a Data Base •• 3~2
Station Header 3-4
Descriptive Paragraph. 3-5
Parametric Data Field. 3-6
3.3 STORET as an Analytical System 3-8
Data Analysis Programs 3-8
STORET Retrieval Logic 3-9
4.0 GROUND WATER DATA STORAGE FORMATS
4.1 Data Needs 4~;[-
Station Descriptors • * 1
Sample Descriptors 4~2
Analytical Findings 4~3
4.2 Data Formatting 4~3
4.3 Station Header 4~3
Agency Code 4 ^
Station Code 4~*
Primary Station Codes 4~9
Secondary Station Codes 4-11
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(con't)
TABLE OF CONTE.NTS
PAGE
Station Naming Conventions 4-11
Station Location Identification .4-13
Latitude/Longitude and Precision Codes...' 4-14
Major/Minor/Sub-Basin Codes and Names 4-14
FIPS State/County Codes.. >. 4-14
Station Type Codes 4-15
Station Depth . ..... .... ............ rv.... , 4-16
Hydrolic Unit Code 4-16
Unlocking Key and Dates ; 4-20
4.4 Descriptive Paragraph ....,4-20
4.5 Parametric Data Field 4-21
Formatting Information. . . ... -4-21
Inputting Data . . . .". . 4-22
Station Descriptors 4-23
Sample Descriptors .; .•<.' • 4-25
Expanded Sample Key .-... 4-25
Media Key .......... 4-26
System Multi-Purpose Key 4-26.
Users Multi-Purpose Key .... , 4--30
Analytical Findings •.:,.. . 4-32
4.6 Qualifying "Remarks" 4-32
4.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control.. 4-34
5.0 DATA RETRIEVAL AND ANALYSIS
5.1 Purpose of Retrievals 5-1
5.2 Non Analytical Data Listings 5-3
STA 5-3
INDEX , 5-5
RET 5-7
ALLPARM , 5-9
5.3 Tabular Analyses 5-11
INVENT „ 5-11
MEAN 5-13
STAND „ 5-16
5.4 Graphic Displays of Trends. 5-19
PLOT „ 5-19
REG „ 5-24
BROWSE „ 5-26
5.5 Map Displays of Data „ 5-28
MSP ; 5-28
LOG (Location Map) » 5-33
5.6 Interfaces with Other Important Data
Analysis Systems ,..« 5-36
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F -
APPENDIX G -
APPENDIX H -
APPENDIX I
- Graphic Illustration of Where to Place
Descriptors in the STORET Data Record
- Station Descriptor Parameter Codes, Values,
and Definition
- Remark Codes to Use With STORET Data
- Sample Descriptor Parameter Codes, Values
and Definition
- User Multipurpose Key ("UMK")
- STORET Parameter Codes for Some Classic
Ground-Water Monitoring Parameters
STORET Parameter Codes for Some Organic
Chemicals (as listed in Appendix VIII of
40 CFR §261)
- Example of the Water Quality Analysis Branch
Conversational Procedure WQAB PARM
- Geologic Age Identification, Aquifer Names and Codes
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LIST OF EXH I—B ITS
EXHIBIT
1-1
1-2
3-1
3-2
4-1
4-2
4-3
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
PAGE
Locations of Ground-Water Monitoring Stations
contained in the STORET Water Quality File,
excluding the USGS Ground-Water Monitoring
Stations, July 1985 •' • 1-3
Location of Ground-Water Monitoring Stations
in the STORET Water Quality File, including
the USGS Ground-Water Monitoring Stations,
July 1985 (WATSTORE)...... 1-4
Example of Overall STORET Data Organization
for a RCRA well • 3~3
Example of a STORET Data Retrieval Summary 3-12
Example of a Station Location Storage Form 4-5
*
Recommended STORET Station-Type Codes
for Ground-Water Monitoring Wells.... 4-17
USGS Map-Accounting Units of the National Water
Data Network. . . • 4-19
Example of the STORET Retrieval Program STA
Which Lists Station Codes Associated With
a Specifie Agency Code 5-4
Example of the STORET Retrieval Program Index
Which Lists Station Headers • 5-6
Example of the STORET Retrieval Program RET
Which Lists Raw Data in Chronological Order 5-8
Example of the STORET Retrieval Program ALL PARM
Which Provides Tabular Listings of Raw Data
Values at Selected Stations.... ••••• 5-10
Example of the STORET Retrieval Program INVENT
Which Prints Out Statistical Summary Sampled
Parameters .. . • 5-12
Example of the STORET Retrieval Program MEAN
Which Produces Statistical Summaries and
Sorting on Required Parameters 5-15
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EXHIBITS (cont.)
EXHIBIT
PAGE
5-7A Example of the STORET Retrieval Program STAND
Which Compares Observed Parameter Values to
a Set of Specified Criteria 5-17
5-7B Example of the STORET Retrieval Program STAND
Illustrating Use of STAND Violation Criteria
and Statistics 5-18
5-8A Example of the STORET Retrieval Program PLOT
Which Graphically Depicts Trends In Concen-
tration Over Time, Shown With Connecting Lines
Between Plotted Symbols „ 5-20
5-8B Example of the STORET Retrieval Program PLOT
Which Graphically Depicts Trends in Concen-
tration Over Time, Shown Without Connecting
Lines 5-23
5-9 Example of the STORET Retrieval Program REG
Which Scans Specific Stations or Data » 5-25
5-10 Example of the STORET Retrieval Program BROWSE
Which Plots A Statistical Representation of
Changes In Concentration Over Time 5-27
5-11 Example of a MSP Trend Map 5-31
5-12 Example of a MSP Shaded Map. 5-32
5-13 Example of the STORET Retrieval Program LOG
Which Generates a Map Showing the Location
of Sampling Sites . 5-35
5-14 Example of a USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory
file (GWSI) Data Entry Form 5-37
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
This manual is for use by a wide variety of professionals
interested in using EPA's water quality data base system, STORET,
to manage their ground-water monitoring data. The purpose of this
manual is to enhance the Ground-Water/STORET user's data manage-
ment capabilities and to promote consistancy in the organization
and accessibility of ground-water data stored in STORET. This
manual was designed as a Supplement to the STORET USER'S Handbook
(February 1982) and it is suggested that you use that handbook
in tandem with this manual. This manual describes those STQRET
storage, retrieval and analytical features central to ground-water
data management. Additionally it explains methods for storing
and retrieving a wide range of ground-water information pertaining
to sites, samples and concentrations of analytes.
Comments and suggestions on how to improve this manual to
better meet user needs are welcome and should be directed to
Dr. Norbert Dee in the Office of Ground-Water Protection.
The manual is organized in the following manner:
0 Section 1: Introduction
0 Section 2: How to get started on STORET
0 Section 3: The STORET system for ground-water
monitoring data
0 Section 4: Ground-water data storage formats
0 Section 5: Ground-water data retrieval programs
0 Appendices
1.1 Ground-Water Data Management at EPA
The Agency recognizes that data management activities are a
significant component of ground-water monitoring. It is critical
that environmental managers have access to reliable data on the
quality, use, and environmental significance of ground-water
resources for policy and programmatic purposes. Unfortunately
until recently much existing ground-water data has been difficult
to use, incompatable, of uncertain quality and lacking ancillary
environmental information. The Agency staff is in the process of
addressing these problems through a data requirements study and
revisions to STORET.
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EPA is now conducting a ground-water data management
requirements study to identify the user community, their needs
and the best hardware and software systems to achieve user's
data management goals. The study will include an analysis of
"STORET", the Agency's Water Quality Storage and Retrieval system.
The requirements study will result in recommendations and an
implementation plan in late 1986 or early 1987.
Meanwhile the Agency is taking a parallel track which is
intended to provide good quality data as quickly as possible.
This involves adding new codes and parameter keys to the existing
STORET data storage system that will make it more useful to ground-
water data managers. It should be emphasized that recommendations
from the requirements study will build upon the changes being
made to STORET and discussed in this manual.
1.1.1 Brief Background on STORET
STORET (Storage and Retrieval) is one of EPA's computerized
data base systems for environmental monitoring data relating to
the quality of water within the United States. There are over
9500 unique water quality parameters in STORET's Water Quality
File and it contains over 90,000,000 observations on samples
taken from more than 600,000 sampling stations. Of these Water
Quality Monitoring stations in the Water Quality File, 270,000
are Ground-Water Monitoring stations located throughout much of
the United States (see Exhibits 1-1 and 1-2). The USGS network
of Ground-Water Quality Monitoring stations (WATSTORE) are also
included in the STORET Water Quality file and comprise 160,000
of the total Ground-Water Monitoring stations in the system. The
remaining 90,000 ground-water monitoring wells in which there is
data stored, belong to the EPA, 46 States, 13 Federal Agencies
and several interstate commissions. In addition, users may request
access to the USGS computer file called the Ground-Water Site
Inventory (GWSI) from the EPA, Office of Ground-Water Protection.
This file contains a variety of information on over a million
wells, springs and other sources of ground water. The system is
described further in section 5.6 of this report. All of the
ground-water monitoring .stations are described with the station
type code of well or spring. The data base spans a time period
from 1899 to the present, however, the majority of the data in
STORET has been collected since 1975. The STORET data base is
updated once a week on Saturday with the users' transactions
that have been submitted throughout that week. The USGS data is
updated on a monthly basis.
Most of the data stored in STORET is water quality, but the
system also has the capacity to store sediment, biological, and
facility information. There are associated software programs
which enable users to do a wide variety of graphical and statistical
analyses on their data.
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1.1.2 STORET Revisions Related to Ground Water Data Management
STORET was originally designed for the storage of surface
water quality data. Because station data, sampling techniques,
and some of the parameters collected during ground-water monitoring
are different than for surface water, additional parameter codes,
additional keys, and some changes to formats were needed to make
STORET more accommodating to ground-water data storage.
During the past year the RCRA program initiated revisions
to STORET to enable RCRA ground water monitoring data to be
included in EPA's water quality and environmental data management
system. One outcome of these changes was a manual Methods for
the Storage and Retrieval of RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring Data
on STORET - User's Manual issued in March 1985, and revised in
October, 1985.
This manual is a revision of the RCRA STORET User's Manual
published in March 1985. The original format has been expanded to
include information pertinant to all programs collecting ground-
water data. Also included are additional codes, information on a
new format, an expanded discussion of special keys, and additional
examples of retrievals,
1.2 Why Use STORET?
The Agency is recommending the use of the STORET system
to manage ground-water monitoring data because:
0 STORET is a well established system with a proven ability
for storing and analyzing environmental monitoring data.
0 STORET is widely available, with over 40 States as well
as numerous Federal Agencies, research institutes, local
governments, and interstate commissions having direct
access to the system. Most users can obtain reports from
small portable telecommunication terminals located in
their offices.
0 STORET is well known by many persons who would be entering
ground-water data due to its widespread use in analyzing
surface water data. Therefore any new costs would be
related mainly to personnel and software not to hardware.
0 STORET is versatile and has a wide diversity of functions
available that will be useful for ground-water data
interpretation.
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- STORET has extensive analytical software to aid users
in manipulating ground-water data statistically.
Specifically use of STORET will enable you to:
Determine short and long term trends in ground
water quality __
— Determine individual facility performance.
— Generalize about hydrological settings, waste
treatment, or disposal.
- STORET has additional software that enables users to
present ground-water visually via graphics and maps.
0 STORET routinely loads all data from the USGS WATSTORE
data base onto the STORET data base. Thus, STORET provides
easy acess to the USGS water quality data on one data base.
0 STORET provides free training and operational aid from
EPA's User Assistance Group.
1.3 Who Might Benefit From Use of This Manual?
0 Programs requiring monitoring data for regulatory
or analysis purposes such as:
- Office of Solid Waste (Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA))
- Office of Pesticide Programs
- Office of Emergency Response (Superfund)
Office of Water
— Non-point Source Program
— Water Quality Planning and Standards
- Individual State programs dealing with hazardous
waste management.
- State programs regulating industrial and domestic
waste waters as well as solid wastes.
- Office of Drinking Water (Underground Injection
Control Program)
- Office of Drinking Water (Public Water Supplies-)
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0 States having ambient ground-water monitoring networks,
0 Agencies responsible for RCRA, Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA), and Clean Water Act (CWA) oversight such as
Regional EPA Offices.
0 Federal, State or local Planning Programs collecting
ground-water data from special projects such as:
Rural clean water projects
- National Pesticide Surveys
- Area wide ground-water studies
1-7
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2.0 HOW TO GET STARTED ON STORET
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2.0 HOW TO GET STARTED ON STORET
In order for users to access the STORET System, they must
perform the following steps:
0 Obtain the required computer access codes from EPA
0 Have equipment that is compatible with the computer
on which STORET resides
0 Make modifications to their account set-up which will
improve their capabilities to use STORET (see Section
2.3)
They should:
0 Receive training and/or documentation
Each of these steps is described in greater detail in the sections
that follow.
2.1 Getting Computer Access Codes
In order to use STORET, users must first arrange access to
the computer system on which STORET resides. To do this, the new
user should first call STORET User Assistance (800-424-9067) and
notify them of his/her intention to become a STORET user, and
ask to be referred to the "STORET POINT of Contact" (POC) located
in the appropriate EPA Regional.Office.
Next, new users must contact the Point of Contact referred
to them by STORET User Assistance to ascertain whether the intended
user's organization is already using STORET and to develop a
funding agreement for use of the system. The funds needed are
simply the standard EPA timeshare account. Several funding
mechanisms are available to new users: _
0 Other STORET users may exist in the new user's organi-
zation, and a simple expansion of the existing user's
arrangement may be worked out.
0 The EPA Regional Office may agree to share some of the
expenses for using STORET with the new user.
0 Use of STORET in support of any program is a grant-
eligible item under 40 CFR Subparts 30 and 35.
0 STORET access is available to private, noncontract firms
through the National Technical Information System (NTIS).
Users in this category will be billed for reimbursement
of their use of the system.
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Once a funding mechanism has been arranged between a new
user and the STORET Point of Contact (POC), the new user will be
given three access codes that will allow use of the computer
system on which STORET resides. These codes include:
0 A "User ID", a code identifying the user (often the
user's initials)
An account codey a code for the organization
the bill" for this use of STORET
'paying
0 A password for system access security (the user may
change the password as soon as the account becomes
authorized, and will be asked to change it several
times during the life of the account).
In addition, users will be queried, upon logging on to the
computer, for a "FIMAS ID". The response to this prompt for
STORET users should be "STORP".
When users are issued the computer access codes, they are
also issued three important phorelknumbers. These phone numbers
are:
0 Client Services Branch (formerly the STORET User Assistance
Team) in Washington D.C. (800-424-9067 or FTS/202-382-7220)
The Client Services Branch provides STORET Users with a
wide range of assistance including software, hardware,
teleprocessing, and system advice. The Branch also
responds to gueries on application of the system to
particular needs, such as the use of STORET with
ground-water, effluent, and tissue data.
The Branch provides user documentation on basic and
'K advanced retrieval options, interfaces to other systems
(such as the Statistical Analysis System (SAS)), inter-
active procedures, and file structure, which allows
the user to write programs to access the data base. A
description of pre-editing and storage features of the
system is also included. STORET system training in the
form of basic and advanced seminars is also provided by
the Branch.
0 Technical System Assistance in Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina (800-334-2405 or FTS/629-7862).
The National Computer Center (NCC) located in North
Carolina has a comprehensive user support service,
providing the user technical assistance, problem
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diagnosis and solution, as well as consultation with
respect to all NCC methods, procedures, and software
needed to access and effectively use the NCC ADP
resources. The NCC User Support is the primary point
of contact between the NCC user community and the
NCC-IBM facility.
0 Telecommunications Assistance in Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina (800-334-0741) or FTS/629-4506).
The NCC provides and maintains hardware and software
components required to support the local NCC low-speed
interactive and national remote batch network. Continuous
monitoring of the network is provided, and when necessary,
software modifications and hardware changes are made.
Where possible, attempts are made to anticipate and
prevent communication problems along the network. Users
experiencing communication problems should contact Tele-
communications for assistance. They will work directly
with users to test lines and interface low- and high-speed
terminals.
Users should call Telecommunications Support as soon as
they receive their computer access codes to get a
specific phone number for accessing STORET. Although
the computer on which STORET resides is located in North
Carolina, local telephone numbers are available from
Telecommunications Support for many areas. If a local
number does not exist, an "800" number is provided so
users should never need to make a long distance call.
2.2 Assuring Equipment Compatibility
To access STORET, users will need a modem/telephone set-up
to communicate with the computer, and a remote terminal with
which to interact with the STORET system. There are two hardware
specifications for these equipment. These specifications ares
0 The modem used for telecommunications must have a baud
rate of either 120, 300 or 1200. ~
0 The computer terminal to be used to operate STORET must
be an ASCII teletype equivalent (most terminals are
ASCII teletype equivalent).
Microcomputers, such as Lexitrons or IBM PC's may be used
to access STORET if a modem and communications software are
available. If new users do not know whether their available
hardware meet the above criteria or if their software has the
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right specifications, they should ask the ADP contact within
their organization or the STORET Point of Contact in the EPA
Regional Office.
Upon getting access to the EPA computer in Research Triangle
Park/ North Carolina, users automatically have arrangements in
place for their computer output to be printed there and mailed
to them. This is a "default" set-up; i.e., these arrangements
will be maintained unless the user makes others. Users may
find it useful to have some sort of printer or printing terminal
available to them, particularly when they run interactive pro-
grams or programs that yield a small (e.g., five pages or less)
output. This may be accomplished by:
0 Users operating STORET on a printing terminal
0 Users having their own printers to which output
can be routed
0 Users making arrangements with their EPA Regional
office f.or their output to be routed and printed
there, and then forwarded to the user. This option
varies from region to region depending on Regional
resources. The option should not be utilized without
the Region's concurrence.
If the user chooses not to make any of the above arrangements
(or cannot), output can still be mailed to the user from North
Carolina.
2.3 Set-Up Modifications for Accessing STORET
Once users have received access codes and have learned how
to log-on to the computer, they roust execute a few simple pro-
cedures to get started on STORET. These include:
0 The "NEWUSER" command, which makes certain internal
system arrangements for using STORET
0 The "JOBPARM" command, which sets up a job card for
users (the "card" that will almost always automatically
accompany any program that the user
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2.4 Training
All new STORET users should attend the introductory training
class on system operation given by the STORET User Assistance
Team, and should receive the documentation needed to operate
STORET. Other types of training and documentation are available
to the user, and new users may wish to obtain Jbhem once they
feel proficient in STORET.
New users should contact the Regional STORET Points of
Contact and ask to be included in the next available training
class. The STORET User Assistance Team gives training classes
many times during the year, and at various locations depending
on the number of users needing training. Therefore, arrangements
for training convenient to the user can be made.
2.5 Documentation
The following other documentation and manuals may be of
help to Ground-Water/STORET users (the first is essential, and
contains much information about STORET not duplicated here):
0 The STORET Users Handbook (Volumes 1 and 2)
The users manual for operation of the STORET System,
explaining the details of how to operate the system
for data storage and how to run retrieval programs,
available from STORET User Assistance. Volume 2 of
STORET USERS HANDBOOK (EPA 1982) pertaining to
advanced retrievls is no longer available and has
been replaced by the on-line data sets "STORET.HELP.
SEMINAR.DOC.ADVANCED", "STORET.HELP.FILE.FORMATS",
"STORET.HELP.PGM.MSP", and "STORET.HELP.PGM.LOG".
0 NCC-IBM User's Guide
The purpose of the NCC-IBM User's Guide is to provide
a useful source of information about the EPA National
Computer Center, its procedures, available resources,
operations, and supported software. Much of the infor-
mation in the Guide is about the IBM 3091, its uses, and
its job control language is explained in greater detail
in various IBM manuals. Extensive references to those
manuals have been included, and the user may obtain
their own manuals for their reference. Some utility
programs have been written at NCC and are not generally
available at other IBM installations. These are docu-
mented for the user in the NCC-IBM User's Guide and may
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also appear in other NCC-produce manuals. Of particular
interest to ground-water/STORET users will be the NCC
TSO Manual.
0 STORET Seminar Documentation - Storage Formats and TSO
Storage Procedures
The STORET Seminar Documentationf which is distributed
at STORET training seminars or can be obtained from the
STORET User Assistance Team, contains all of the infor-
mation required to utilize STORET. It presents the
material in a succinct manner with many examples to
aid the new user. Even though it does not cover each
function as completely as the STORET User's Handbook,
(1982) it cross references page numbers to the Handbook
which gives a more complete explanation of each function,
0 The Manager's Guide to STORET
This document identifies applications of EPA's STORET
system to aid the user in meeting the requirements of
the Water Quality Management Program. The manual's
perspective is that of a manager and no attempt is made
to explain specific system language or syntax.
2.6 Contacts
There are several contacts available to Ground-Water/STORET
users. A list of these contacts and the services they
offer follow:
0 Office of Information and Resource Management (OIRM)
- Gives technical assistance in accessing and using
the STORET system; provides STORET training; and
distributes STORET users' manuals.
Coordinates use of STORET for Ground-Water data
with all EPA Program Offices and ADP activities
such as the FINDS* or HWDMS** Systems.
^/ Facility Index System
**/ Hazardous Waste Data Management System
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Please contact the following people within OIRM's Program
Systems Division for the ADP activities of interest:
STORET Administration, User Manuals
and Training - Dan Parker 800/424-9067
CERCLA - Antonio Jover, FTS/382-2387
Pesticides - Antonio Jover, FTS/382-2387
Public Water Supplies - Chuck Tobin, FTS/382-2374
RCRA - Antonio Jover, FTS/382-2387
Toxics - Antonio Jover, FTS/382-2387
UIC - Chuck Tobin, FTS/382-2374
All other programs - Chuck Tobin, FTS/382-2374
0 Office of Solid Waste/Land Disposal Branch
Programmatic support in organizing your RCRA data
for STORET; documentation on coded parameter code
values; focal point for the initiation of new para-
meter codes, analytical capabilities, or'other needs.
(Dr. Robert April, FTS/202-382-4654)
0 Office of Ground-Water Protection
General information on EPA's Requirements Analysis
and future development of STORET for ground-water
data. (Dr. Norbert Dee, FTS/202-382-7077)
0 EPA Regional Offices
- Each office has one Point of Contact (POC) who is
responsible for developing Regional STORET policy,
coordinating training and user access, and allocating
time sharing funds for Regional users. The Client
Users Branch (Dan Parker 800/424-9067) will provide
users with name and phone number of the appropriate
POC.
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3.0 THE STORET SYSTEM FOR GROUND-WATER
MONITORING DATA
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3.0 THE STORET SYSTEM FOR GROUND-WATER MONITORING DATA
This section presents a brief introduction to the STORET
System/ terminology used with the System, and explains the
structure of the STORET data record as it pertains to ground-
water data storage and retrieval. More detailed information
about the STORET System operations and capabilities are given
in the STORET Users' Handbook (February 1982).
3.1 Terminology for Ground-Water/STORET Users
There are numerous terms and major categories of data that
Ground-Water Storage Users should be familiar with before entering
their parametric data into STORET for storage. These terms are
summarized below:
0 A facility is an entity (such as an industrial or manu-
facturing plant) where ground water is being monitored.
0 A waste area is that area within a facility where material
is being disposed or treated, such as a lagoon or landfill,
around which wells have been installed to monitor the
ground water. This term is used mainly in the RCRA and
Superfund programs.
° A station, when monitoring for ground water, is a single
monitoring well or a spring from which samples are being
taken.
0 The period of record is the collective total of informa-
tion from all sampling events for a single station.
0 A sampling event is all the information collected at
one date, depth and time from a well. Each sampling
event will typically include measurements of many
substances or parameters.
0 A data element (or variable, or STORET "parameter") is
that substance or other factor which is being measured.
0 An observation (or data point, or value) is the value
of a data element for a sampling event at a station
(well) such as 3 ug/1, 20 ug/1, .5mg/l etc.
3-1
-------
3.2 STORET as a Data Base
Ground-Water/STORET users will be inputting data into the
Water Quality File. The data you will be inputting into this
file will be either station data, which describes and categorizes
the geographical location of where a sample has been taken; or
parametric data, which describes the conditions under which a
sample was taken (such as date, time, and depth) as well as the
results of the sample analyses. Each data record for a
ground-water monitoring station is composed of three parts:
0 The station header
0 The descriptive paragraph
0 The parametric data field
Exhibit 3-1 following this page illustrates how the three parts
of a STORET record, which are further described below, appears on
a computer terminal or print out. This example illustrates the
record of a RCRA facility.
3-2
-------
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3.2.1. Station Header
The station header of a STORET record describes the
location at which samples were taken. Borrowing from Exhibit
3-1, the STORET station header looks like:
A MID098765432U12 WWM2I1234-
C 46 14 31.2 089 21 48.0 f\—
E—
F—
I
K—
L—
N —
O—
—XYZ CHEMICAL CO LTRT RCRA DNGR WELL =#4
—26053 MICHIGAN GOGEBIC
LAKE SUPERIOR i 990793
—ONTONAGON RIVER
—21MIGW 05040302—
0050 FEET DEPTH
-AMBNT/WELL/IND/DSPR/LTRT/DOWN/HAZARD/RCRA
-B
-D
_H
-M
Key
A Primary Station code
B Secondary Station Code
C Latitude/Longitude coordinates
D Precision indicator (2 in this case). The precision code
indicates the preciseness with which the Lat/Long has
measured. If nothing is coded, A "4" is assumed.
Code Precision
1 Tenth of a second
2 One second
3 Ten seconds
4 Thirty seconds
5 One minute
6 Ten minutes
7 Thirty minutes
8 One degree
3-4
------- An error occurred while trying to OCR this image.
-------
Example of a Representative Descriptive Paragraph
THIS IS A LAND TREATMENT FACILITY OWNED BY XYZ
CHEMICAL CO., A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ACME
PETEROLEUM. IT IS USED FOR LANDFARMING REFINERY
WASTES. HANDLES WASTES FROM ACME REFINERIES AS
WELL AS OTHER. HAS BEEN USED TO DISPOSE REFINERY
WASTES FOUND ON JONES GA SUPERFND SITE.
Unlike the station header, which is composed of nine
discrete data elements, the descriptive paragraph may contain
any information describing the sampling station the user wishes
to enter such as characteristics of the well, information on the
monitoring agency or sampling process, etc. Any format, up to
1080 characters in length, can be used. The descriptive paragraph
is an optional field, and data selection for retrieval is not based
on its contents. Information which ground-water users might want
to store in the descriptive paragraph may be found in Section 4.5.
3.2.3 Parametric Data Field
The parametric data field in a STORET record is where all
the measurements are stored. As can be seen in Exhibit 3-1 and
the example on page 3-7 the parametric data Eield is a matrix.
3-6
-------
Example of Parametric Data Field
H
G
F
1
DATE TIME MEDIA
73/01/03 0925 GRWTR
UMK FOR THE ABOVE SAMPLE
73/09/11 0915 GRWTR
UMK FOR THE ABOVE SAMPLE
73/0911 0916 GRWTR
UMK FOR THE ABOVE SAMPLE
75/10/21 1100 GRWTR
UMK FOR THE ABOVE SAMPLE
76/06/30 0810 GRWTR
UMK FOR THE ABOVE SAMPLE
76/07/27 1620 GRWTR
UMK FOR THE ABOVE SAMPLE
SMK or
DEPTH
I
0001
0401100
nnm
OOU1
0401100
0001
0401100
0001
0401100
0001
0401100
0001
0401100
00011
TEMP
F
61.0
CC f\
66.0
66.2
64.5
69.0
73.2
0068
TOC
(mg/l)
13.8
84
.4
8.4
10.6
8.4
7.2
00400
pH
SU
6.5
6f\
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6.5
6.6
6.6
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TOT (UG/L)
50K
.
14«3
143
145
141
141
D
Key
A Parameter Code
B Parameter abbreviation and units
C Parameter value
D Remark code (K less = less than stated value)
E Date sample - required information stored for each sample. If
no date appears on the printout the date listed in the
preceding line applies.
F Time sampled - optional information which may be stored for
each sample.
G Media - indicates the media from which the sample was
taken (GRWTR - Ground Water).
H System Multi purpose Key (SMK). Describes the way the sam-
ple was collected (See section 4.5 for detailed explanation). If
the SMK is not used this column may contain the item Depth
of Sample. This is optional information which may be stored
for each sample, ground-water users may want to store
aquifier information here. Depth can be stored as a parameter
code 82546, aquifer information is best stored with codes
84000 and 84001 (geologic age code and aquifer name).
I Users Multi-purpose kev (UMK). Describes the method by
which the ground-water sample was collected and analyzed.
(See section 4.5 for detailed explanation).
3-7
-------
For each sampling event a user may store up to 2,000 chemical
parameters. Chapter WQ-DE of the STORET User's Handbook
(Feburary 1982) gives technical instructions on the storage of
parametric data. Section 4 of this manual contains an explaination
of the use of the parametric data field specifically for storing
ground-water monitoring data.
3.3 STORET as an Analytical System
STORET was selected by the Agency as the repository for
ground-water monitoring data in part because of its excellent
data analysis programs. The analyses that may be performed and
the logic behind running a data analysis program are discussed
briefly below.
3.3.1 Data Analysis Programs
STORET provides its users with programs for many different
types of analyses. These include:
0 Non-analytical data displays, such as an "index", or
listing of all the stations meeting user-specified
criteria, or a station location map
0 Tabular analyses, such as a statistical summary of data,
or an analysis of the freguency of drinking water standard
violations
0 Graphic displays of trends, including the concentration
of a substance over time
0 Map displays of data, including the mapping of statis-
tically summarized parametric data, the aggregation and
analysis of data within user-specified geographic
boundaries, and the mapping of trends in water guality
indicator levels
0 Interfaces with other important data analysis systems,
such as the Statistical Analysis System ("SAS").
STORET analytical programs are described in the STORET Users'
Handbook (February 1982) in Section WQ-RET.
3-8
-------
3.3.2 STORET Retrieval Logic
It is important for Ground-Water/STORET users to keep STORET
retrieval logic in mind when storing data. Understanding this
logic will help ground-water data managers place key information
in strategic locations where it may serve as data selection
criteria for retrievals.
Stations within an area of interest can be selected by agency
and station number, a latitude- and longitude-defined polygon,
State code, County code, Section 208 water-guality management
area or major, minor, subbasin code and USGS hydrologic unit code.
The station retrieved using the above selectors can be combined
with station restrictors to obtain only those stations that meet
two or more criteria of interest.
Station retrieval may be restricted by State, State and county
code, or by specifying a agency code, or excluding a agency code.
Station retrieval in STORET may also be restricted to those
stations that have a certain attribute, e.g., a particular station
type code(s) or a particular parameter(s) by using a mask. The
name of the mask is specified in the "EXTRACT" statement enabling
retrieval of stations contingent on the presence or absence of
data for a group of parameters. For example masks have been
created for each group of priority toxic pollutants.
The masks are named as follows:
PRIPOLIN
PRIPOLOR
PRIPOLME
PRIPOLPE
inorganic
organic
metals
pesticides
The STORET "C" function enables the user to designate in
a single expression, an entire group of parameters. The following
STORET statement will restrict station location to ground-water
stations that have sampled for inorganic priority pollutants.
By combining the STORET "C" function with the STORET EXTRACT
Statement.
EXTRACT=C{PRIPOLIN and WELL),
Ha.ving selected the stations for retrieval in the area of
interest, the user then must proceed to select the samples and
parameters required. Samples are selected by date, time and
depth or SMK. Frequently, a STORET user will be interested in
only specific parameters which are obtained by specifying the
numeric code of the paremeters of interest or by specifying the
"C" function with the "P=" statement. For example, P=C(PRIPOLIN)
will retrieve all the parameters within the inorganic priority
toxic pollutant group. For additional information on using the
STORET "C" function the user may refer to the STORET help data
set " STORET.HELP.RETRIEVE.PARGROUP.
The logic behind running a STORET data retrieval ("also called
an analysis program") reflects the structure of the data base as
has been described previously. A "typical" data retrieval request
appears on the following page.
3-9
-------
Typical STORET Data Retrieval Request
B , -, ,
A—PGM=INVENTfA=21MIGW,S=AlL,EXTRACT=WELL,
E P=77004,P=77015,P=77885,P=78113,P=81551,
-—BD=820101,ED=841231/
KEY
A Program to be run, "PGM INVENT" will print out a data in-
ventory. In some retrieval programs a user may enter
specifications for the output format
B Station selector - one of the criteria for the selection of the stations
from which the user wants to see data. In this case the first
broad "cut" through the data base was the Agency code
"21MIGW" and all stations sampled by that Agency, as
specified by "ALL"
C Station restrictor - Criteria that further narrows down the sta-
tions choosen by the selectors. In this case only those sta-
tions with the station type code of WELL were choosen
(EXTRACT=WELL)
D Parameter Codes represent specific chemical data to be
retrieved for analysis. Each specific chemical is identified by a
five digit parameter code. In this case.
77004=Ethanol,TOT;77015=lsopropanol; 77885 Methanol, TOT;
78113=Ethyl Benzene TOT; 815!>1=Xylene, TOT
E Data restrictors - These enable users to apply restrictors to
the data being retrieved. Data restrictors are almost always by
date, time and/or depth. In this example data are restricted
by the sampling date by using the key word combinations of
"BD=820101,ED=841231," where "BD" stands for "beginning
date" and "ending date" respectively. It should be noted that
in STORET "date" refers to date the sample was collected not
the date sample was analyzed. This has been a rather common
error among STORET data coders.
3-10
-------
Chapter 5 contains examples of various retrieval outputs
that will be useful to ground-water data managers. All STORET
data retrievals contain a summary section (Exhibit 3-2). This
summary section describes the station header format, the retrieval
that was executed; the method of station selection; the point
of contact for all agencies from which data was retrieved including
their name, organization, and telephone number; and the data
specifications and data restrictions that were in effect for the
retrieval.
3-11
-------
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4.0 GROUND-WATER DATA STORAGE FORMATS
-------
-------
4.0 GROUND-WATER DATA STORAGE FORMATS
This chapter contains an introduction to the formatting
and retrieval strategies used in STORET. An explanation of data
needed for storage is presented in the next several sections.
4.1 Data Needs Identified for Ground-Water/STORET Users
A station must be thoroughly and correctly described so
that data asociated with it can be stored and later retrieved.
It should be emphasized that the more information available about
a station the more flexibility there will be in retrieving the
data stored with that station.
Three broad categories of descriptors have been identified
as needed by Ground-Water/STORET users to completely document
information available for a particular station. These categories
are:
0 Station descriptors
0 Sample descriptors
0 Analytical findings.
There are several elements under each category which will
enable the user to describe the station thoroughly. These
elements are perhaps more information than would be needed to
store surface water data. Elements making up each category of
descriptors are described below. A graphic representation of
where these descriptors should be entered into the data record
are given in Appendix A.
4.1.1 Station Descriptors
Factors which are descriptive of. the sampling location and
would not change over time are called "station descriptors".
There are three types of station descriptors needed by ground-
water data managers to support their ground-water monitoring
data. They are as follows:
Facility descriptors —
descriptors of the operation being monitored, such as type
of waste management area (e.g., landfill), facility location
(not the corporate headquarters), (e.g., zip code) and type
of business (e.g., disposer of hazardous waste). Facility
descriptors, except ownership, will always be stored in
either a station header or a descriptive paragraph.
4-1
-------
Physical setting descriptors —-
descriptors of the setting in which the facility is located
and from which samples were taken, such as aquifer name or
geologic formation name. For the most part these descrip-
tors are stored in the parametric data field. Two of these
descriptors are stored in the descriptive paragraph and one
descriptor in the station header.
Well descriptors —
descriptors of those characteristics of a well which may be
an important factor in data analysis and which would not be
expected to change over time, such as type of well, well
depth, and casing material. All but one of these descrip-
tors will be stored in the parametric data "fixed date"
field. Note that the term "fixed date" under the parameter
field means elements that will not change with time.
4.1.2 Sample Descriptors .
Factors that describe a sample at the time it was taken and
which are expected to change with each sampling event are called
"sample descriptors". Three types of sample descriptors needed
by ground-water data managers to support their ground-water
monitoring data are:
Sampling purpose descriptors —
descriptors of why and by whom a sample was taken. These
descriptors are stored in the parametric "variable date
field."
Sampling condition descriptors —
descriptors of the conditions during the sampling event,
such as the depth to the top of the water table or the
temperature. These descriptors are stored in the para-
metric "variable date field.!1
Sampling/Analysis Descriptors —
descriptors to document how a sample was taken and/or
analyzed, such as how the sample was drawn and whether
or not it was replicated.
4-2
-------
4.1.3 Analytical Findings
The findings that were determined from each sample at a
station are called "analytical findings". (e.g., the concentration
of arsenic in the sample) . Analytical findings will be stored
in the STORET parametric data field by using "parameter codes".
A printed list of all current STORET parameters and their codes
may be obtained by users of the STORET system with, the command
%Batch with one of the following: PARMALFA, PARNUMER, and PARCAS.
Descriptions of these lists are contained In Section 4.6.5 of
this report and instructions on storing findings can be found
in Chapter WQ-DE of the STORET User's Handbook (February 1982).
A list of the parametric codes especially pertinent to RCRA and
likely useful to others can be found in Appendices G and H of
this manual. ' •
4.2 Data Formatting • :
There are specific formats that must be used when inputting
station and parametric data into STORET.... Station header data is
always stored and modified with the ?0l format which is a fixed
form method. Exhibit 4-1 is the EPA f-orm used for storing station
location data in the STORET Water Quality File. Parametric data
can be stored with 5 different formats: ?00, ?01, ?02, ?03 and
?04. Whereas .any of these formats are acceptable the ?00 format
is the most versatile and contains special features to be discussed
in a later section that make it the only recommended format for
ground-water users. . ...
Chapter WQ-DE of the'STORET•Users' Handbook (February 1982)
describes the. technical -procedures for storing data in STORET.
Specifically, it describes the various storage formats, how
each one can be used, how to invoke each format and how to enter
data. This chapter is meant to be a supplement .to chapter WQ-DE
of the STORET User's Handbook (Feburary 1982). Rather than
describing the technical procedures for entering any data into
STORET, this chapter assists ground-water users in understanding
what information :is needed for data storage and describes what
has been determined to be the most useful organization and format
for ground-water monitoring data in STORET. Extensive capabili-
ties have been provided for storing station and sampling data.
Users should determine which of of these capabilities are
appropriate to them.
4.3 Station Header
Before any ground-water monitoring data can be entered in
STORET, an identification of each station from which the samples
were taken must be "established" in the data base. In other
words, a station header must be created for each ground-water
monitoring well to which data are attributed.
4-3
-------
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Data in the station header remains relatively fixed for the
life of the station. Although data in the station header may be
changed, they are not normally added to or changed once established,
Exhibit 4-1 is an example of the EPA form used to input data
for storing station header information in the STORET system.
The information contained on a station header is listed
below. The items which are required by the system are starred.
0 Agency Code* - identification code for contributor of
the data to STORET; this is not the users ID.
0 Station Codes*
Primary*
Secondary
0 Station Name*
0 Station Location Description*
- Latitude/longitude coordinates*
State and county codes*
- Major/Minor/Sub Basin Codes*
- USGS Hydrologic Unit Code* '
0 Station Type Code
The recommended organization of these items for ground-water
data is detailed in the sections that follow.
4.3.1 Agency Code
An Agency Code raust be established before any station or
sampling information can be entered into STORET.
The agency code in the STORET station header is that
element which identifies the "coordinator" of the data. All
STORET monitoring station must have an agency code. For ground-
water monitoring data, the agency code represents the organization
or regulator who is contributing the ground-water data to STORET
and not each facility contributing data to the organization or
4-6
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regulator. An organization coordinating data being put^into
STORET may have one or more agency codes, bat each station in
STORET.may have only one code.
Ground-Water users should store ground-water monitoring data
under an agency code that is unique to other agency codes the
users' organization may have. This will allow you to segregate
and streamline your data base from existing files containing
surface water quality data. Users may identify other agency
codes that may exist for their organization in several ways:
0 By contacting the ADP specialist or the EPA liason in
that organization
0 By contacting the ADP Coordinator and/or STORET coordi-
nator in the EPA Regional Office
0 By contacting STORET User Assistance
0 By using a STORET command procedure called "%qontacts".
There are four recommended components to an agency code for
ground-water monitoring data. In general, the eight-digit STORET
agency code for ground-water monitoring data should be composed
of: . . , '
0 A STORET-understood indication in the first two characters
of who that agency code represents, which include:
"11" for an EPA Regional office or other Federal agency
- "21" for a State agency. :
0 A two-letter abbreviation or number representing the agency
as the third and fourth characters, which may be either:
- The Federal Information Processing System two-letter
abbreviation for the State (the standard abbreviation,
which can be found in Appendix C of the STORET Users'
Handbook)
- "HQ" for EPA Headquarters program offices
The two-digit number of the EPA Region, such as "01"
for Region I or "08" for Region VIII.
4-7
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An alphabetic character to indicate which program the
data is collected from as the fifth character. For
instance an "R" to indicate that the data is collected
under the RCRA program. We recommend the following
codes:
R
C
U
S
P
A
for RCRA
for CERCLA
for Underground Injection Control
for Public Water Supply
for Pesticide data
for ambient ground-water monitoring network
0 "G" to indicate that the data is ground-water monitoring
data as the sixth character
0 Two optional "free" characters for the user to code as
needed for the seventh and eighth characters.
Examples of STORET agency codes for RCRA ground-water
monitoring data are shown belows
For a State agency
or
For an EPA Regional Office, 1105RGAE
-C
-G
Key
A
B
E
F
Indicates a State Agency
Federal Information Processing
System State Abbreviation
C Program Code
D Ground-Water Code
Optional free characters
Indicates an EPA Regional Office or
other Federal Agency
G EPA Region Represented, in this
case Region V
-------
4.3.2 Station Codes
Station codes are codes which identify the specific station
within the monitoring network from which the data were taken.
For ground-water monitoring data, each well is considered a
"station". Each station must have at least one, but may have up
to four station codes:
0 One primary station code, which is required
0 Up to three secondary station codes, or "aliases", which
may be assigned to a well, but are not required. These
are used for the purpose of cross referencing stations
for cooperative monitoring and to facilitate the retrieval
process.
Station codes may be numeric, alphabetic, or a combination
of both. The two important requirements for station codes are
that the primary code may not exceed 15 characters in length. A
user may create up to 3 secondary station codes. The 1st and
2nd secondary station codes may be up to 12 characters in length,
and the 3rd secondary station code may be up to 10 characters in
length. Each code, whether it is primary or secondary, must
be unique from all other station codes already stored under a
particular Agency code..
4.3.2.1 Primary Station Codes
The primary station code for ground-water monitoring wells
should be developed in one of two ways. If the monitoring well
is located at a facility with a Dun and Bradstreet (D&B) that D
& B number should make up the first 12 characters of_the code.
D&B numbers already exist for most regulated facilities, and
should not be "made up" arbitrarily by the user. D&B numbers
for facilities may be identified through EPA's FINDS Data Base.
Users should contact the group that maintains FINDS in the EPA
Regional Office to identify whether or not a D & B number already
exists for their facility. If not, the FINDS group will have
one created. .
If the well is not at a facility with a Dun and Bradstreet
number, for example a state ambient ground-water monitoring net-
work, the primary station code may start with the letters "GDW" _
which will indicate that the data is from a ground-water monitoring
station and not registered in the FINDS data base. The preferred
method of developing primary station numbers at any facility is
4-9
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through the FINDS data base managers since FINDS serves as a
cross-reference between EPA data bases. The "GDW" prefix is
an exception to this convention and use should be restricted to
circumstances where a D & B number is not appropriate.
The RCRA program has specified that the primary station
code for groundwater monitoring should include the following
three elements:
0 Facility Dun & Bradstreet number of facility
0 Relative position of the well to other wells for that
waste management area or site (i.e.f up- or downgradTent)
0 Unique number of the well for that waste management area.
For example, a primary station code for a RCRA ground-water
monitoring well may look like:
r~~
1 1
TXD123456789U04
Key
A Dun and Bradstreet Number
B Relative position of the well
C Well number
The first 12 characters of this primary station code make
up the Dun & Bradstreet (D & B) number of the facility at
which the station is located. The D & B number of each facility
is unique, and is used as a standard for many EPA (and other)
data bases.
The character that follows the D & B number in the STORET
primary station code (the thirteenth of the 15 characters) for
wells is an alphabetic character that describes the relative
position of the well to the waste management area. The thirteenth
character should be a value of "D" for downgradient or a value
of "U" for upgradient.
4-10
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If another code is needed (to represent a different type
of station designation), users should contact OSW and inform^
them of this need. OSW will oversee creation and documentation
of the new code.
The last two of the fifteen primary station code characters
are for assigning a number to each monitoring station that is
unique for that waste management area. Stations may be numbered
sequentially starting from the first upgradient^station, and (
increasing by one or more in a clockwise direction. Sequential
numbering is particularly meaningful if additions or deletions
of stations are not expected. However, as changes are likely to
happen during the regulated life of the facility, just assigning
2-digit station numbers that are not sequential (but are unique
for each station is acceptable. Ninety-nine stations may be
stored in this fashion, "should the user need to number more
than 99 stations letters of the alphabet should be used (for
example, AO, Al, A2, etc., up to A9, and the BO, Bl, etc).
4.3.2.2 Secondary Station Codes
Assignment of the secondary station codes for a ground-water
monitoring station is left up to the user.Users may enter any
numbering scheme they wish for the station "alias". Users may
be interested in having the secondary station code be any of
the following:
0 The permit number for any permits which have been issued
to the facility
0 An identifier for the district or region in which the
facility is located
0 An internal numbering scheme.
Users may keep in mind that data retrievals may be based
on any of the station codes, not just the primary, station code.
For that reason, each station code, regardless of whether it is
primary or secondary, must be unique.
4.3.3 Station Naming Conventions
The "station location" or "station name" is a required data
element in the STORET station header. No data selection may be
made based on the information appearing in the station name,
nor does the station name appear in every output report. However,
it is one of the few opportunities for users to enter a brief
textual description of a station.
4-11
-------
Station names may be up to 48 characters in length. Users
may have to abbreviate some words in the station name in order
to enter all the needed information within the 48-character
length limit.
The RCRA program has developed a specific convention they
would like used by users naming RCRA monitoring stations. This
format can serve as a model for other programs.
The STORET station name for RCRA stations should have the
following items of information;'
0 Facility name
0 Type of waste management area
0 An indication that the data is collected from the station
under RCRA ~
0 The position and internal number of the station.
The facility name used for the station name in STORET should
resemble the primary facility name in the FINDS data base as
closely as possible. Users may find out the exact name of the
facility as it has been entered in FINDS by calling the FINDS
group in the EPA Regional Office.
The next component of the station name should be the type
of waste management area being monitored. For example, the
type of waste management area might be a landfill or a surface
impoundment.
The third component of the station name should simply be
"RCRA17! This is entered to distinguish the station as one located
in a controlled hazardous waste facility.
The last component of the station name should be an
identification of the position and number of the station amongst
the RCRA stations for this waste management area. This component
should have the same information as that in the last three digits
of the primary station code, but presented more explicitly, such
as "UPGR WELL#1" instead of "U01".
4-12
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Some examples of complete station names for RCRA stations
include:
-A
-B
J(Y.Z CHEMICAL CO I.TRT3 RCRA1 SlNGR (rt/ELL=#4
or
CY OF OAKDALE MUNIC LF RCRA UPGR WELL#=2
J I
•E
D
C
B
-A
Key
A Facility Name
B Type of waste management area
C Program under which data collected
D Position of station (well)
E Internal station (well) number
4.3.4 Station Location Identification
Jl
There are several data elements in the STORET station header
that identify the location of the station. These include:
0 The latitude/longitude coordinates of the station (plus
a precision code)
0 The hydrologic location of the station, expressed as
major/ minor/sub-basin codes and names
0 The state and county in which the station is located
0 The USGS hydrologic unit in which the station is located.
An explanation of how to enter these locational data elements
for ground water monitoring stations is given in the following
sections.
4-13
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4.3.4.1 Latitude/Longitude and Precision Codes
Latitude/longitude coordinates are required data elements for
all STORET stations (they are two separate station header data
elements). The latitude in STORET is formatted as "DDMMSS.S"
and the longitude as "DDDMMSS.S", where D equals degrees, M equals
minutes, and S equals seconds. Note that expression of degrees
greater than one hundred is acceptable for longitude.
It is important to ensure that the latitude/longitude is for
the station at a specific facility and not for the corporate
office of the company. In the past there has been some errors in
the entering of this very important code.
Both latitude and longitude may be entered to the tenths of
seconds. This 'corresponds to approximately 10 feet. In order
to distinguish each monitoring station in STORET as clearly as
possible, the latitude/longitude coordinates of all ground-water
monitoring stations in STORET should be precise to the tenths
of seconds. The precision code, which must be entered with the
latitude/longitude coordinates reflect the user's knowledge of how
precise the coordinates are. An explanation of how to enter
latitude/longitude- coordinates and the accompanying precision
code may be found in Chapter WQ-DE of the STORET User's Handbook
(February 1982).
4.3.4.2 Major/Minor/Sub-Basin Codes and Names
Ground-water Users must also identify the hydrologic basin
in which the station is located. Users should identify the
major, minor, and sub-basins in which the facility or study
area at which the station is located. These are defined in
Appendix C of the STORET Users' Handbook, (February 1982).
Identification of the aquifer which is being monitored is done
in the parametric data field. This is described in Section 4.6.
4.3.4.3 FIPS State/County Codes
To identify the geopolitical location of the station, users
must use the Federal Information Processing System (FIPS) code
for state ,and county. FIPS codes are five-digit codes, the
first two representing the state and the last three representing
the county. Users should enter the FIPS codes and state/county
names as they are shown in Appendix C of the STORET User's Hand-
book (February 1982). For example, the total FIPS code for a
site in Kalamazoo County, Michigan would be:
4-14
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-A
Key
A State code for the State of Michigan is 26
B County Code for Kalamazoo in Michigan is 077
4.3.5 Station Type Codes
Station type codes are those station header data elements
that describe the type and purpose of the monitoring station.
STORET currently has several categories of station type codes.
In STORET terminology each category is called a level. Different
levels are required depending on the type of data you are entering
(Ground-Water, Surface Water POTW, sediment, or biological)
Existing and planned station type codes of particular
importance to Gtround-Water/STORET users are highlighted in
Exhibit 4-1. Many of the station type codes that are recommended
for the station headers of ground-water monitoring wells are not
of the "required" type for STORET. However, in order to completely
distinguish ground-water monitoring stations from others in
STORET, they should be used.
Users are required to specify one level and one level two
code for each station entered into STORET. The station codes in
levels three through five are optional and may be used in any
combination to further describe the sampling site. For example,
with ground-water data level 4 codes are not pertinent. However,
using two level 5 codes may make station identification easier.
Users must string together station type codes relevant to ;
their station. For example, a station monitoring a hazardous
waste landfill located in an industrial facility might have a
station type code of: '
4-15
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- A
-B
C
D
1 I I
WELL/AMBNT/IND/LNDFL/HAZARD
Key
A Level 1 Code
B Level 2 Code
C Level 3 Code
D Level 5 Code
^ complete list of valid STORET station type codes may be
retrieved in the on-line data set called "STORET. HELP. .STATION. TYPE"
4.3.6 Station Depth
The station depth field in the STORET station header is
used, for surface wa.ter stations, to store the total depth (i.e.,
from surface to bottom) of the point where the sample was taken.
Ground-Wat er/STORET users may store the aquifer thickness, at
the point where the well is located, in the station depth field.
4.3.7 Hydrologic Unit Code
The hydrologic unit code of the STORET station header is an
eight-digit code representing the USGS hydrologic unit in which
the station is located. The components of the codes represent
hydrologic region, sub-region, accounting unit, and cataloging
unit. This coding scheme represents different basin designations
than the major/minor/sub-basin fields and is required by STORET.
Exhibit 4-2 depicts the scheme of USGS hydrologic unit designations
Clearer, larger-scale maps titled Accounting Units of the National
Water Data Network of Hydrologic Units may be obtained from the
Geological Survey.
4-16
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4.3.8 Unlocking Key and Dates
Many users are concerned about data security. The STORET
System contains an element called an: "unlocking key" which
helps prevent data from either being changed or retrieved by
unauthorized persons. The unlocking key is required to store
or change any data for an agency and is selected when the agency
code is established. No one but a user with the unlocking key
may ever store or change any data in STORET. Retrievals can not
be made of data that has been flagged as locked by the owner
without the unlocking key.
The unlocking key is used in conjuction with a "lock-after"
date if users wish no one to look at the data who isn't authorized,
The lock-after date is expressed as "YY/MM" (year/month). If a
user wants no one to look at the data who is not authorized, a
lock-after date of 50/01 (or some other date in the past) should
be entered with their unlocking key. This means that data sampled
after January 1950, will not be retrieved without including the
unlocking key in the retrieval request. If the user wants no
one to be able to change the data, but does not mind if others
access the data in retrievals, a lock-after date of "99/99"
should be entered. As this is an invalid date, 99/99 is used
to signal that the data is unlocked for retrieval.
4.4 Descriptive Paragraph
The descriptive paragraph for a STORET station is that field
in which a user may store any information in any format about the
station (well) they wish. The descriptive paragraph may be up to
1080 characters and composed of 15 lines that are each no more
than 72 characters in length. Its use is optional. No automated
data selection may be made based on the information in it. There-
fore, only data on which no retrievals are likely to be based
should be stored in the descriptive paragraph.
v.
The following paragraph contains the information that the
RCRA program has indicated RCRA STORET users might want to include
in a descriptive paragraph and serves as an example of the type
of information other programs might want included in their users
descriptive paragraphs. Any or all of the following pieces of
information may be included:
4-20
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Total number of upgradient and downgradient monitoring
stations at the facility, and relation of this station
to the others, for example:
UPGRADIENT WELL =#=3 OF 20 UPGRADIENT AND
60 DOWNGRADIENT RCRA MONITORING WELLS
0 Type of business conducted at the facility
0 Permit and/or enforcement status of the facility
0 History of the facility, including any recent spills
or other permit violations
0 RCRA-regulating agency (e.g., EPA or State)
0 Other permits given to the facility, including
Federal and other
0 Land use of the surrounding area
0 Potential targets or nearby sensitive ecosystems
0 Proximity and position relative to drinking water sources
0 Contacts from whom further information about the facility
may be obtained
0 Other non-RCRA monitoring points which may be located
at or near the facility.
Complete instuctions on how to create a descriptive paragraph
for STORET stations may be found in Chapter WQ-DE of the STORET
User's Handbook (February 1982).
4.5 Parametric Data Field
4.5.1 Formatting Information
It should be noted that the storage format to be used for
information stored in the parametric data field is not the same
as for the station and descriptive paragraph fields, which was
?01. Although there are several formats which can be used with
the parametric data field, only the ?00 format is recommended
4-21
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for users inputting ground-water data even though users may have
used ?01, ?02, ?03 and ?04 to input 'surface water quality para-
metric data. The reasons for this are explained below.
_Data stored in the Water Quality Pile of STORET may be
obtained from various types of sampling methodologies. The various
types of samples from which data is collected are: grab samples;
unqualified composite samples; qualified composite samples;
multiple samples with a system multipurpose key (SMK); and
samples with a user multipurpose key (UMK). For definitions of
these various sample types, see Chapter WQ-DE in the STORET User
Handbook (February 1982). Only the 700 and ?04 storage formats
enable to user to input information from all of the sample types.
This is particularly important for ground-water users because
only the ?00 format will enable you to easily store information
on replicate samples used in many ground-water programs.
Additionally the ?00 format has the flexibility to store the data
utilizing either the parameter code followed by a value approach
or a matrix approach which requires fewer keystrokes. It is
recommended that the ?00 procedure be used to store all the
parametric ground-water data. Complete documentation of the ?00
format, is contained in "STORET.HELP.SEMINAR.DOC.STORAGE"
The STORET command procedure %EASYSTOR allows users to
interactively create storage transactions for the entry of either
station location information or parametric data into the data
base. For station location data storage, this procedure is
particularly useful and efficient when a relatively few stations
(say, up to a dozen or so) are to be entered into the system.
The procedure prompts for each item of station location data, and
consequently, users need not be concerned about column placement
and other station storage card format requirements. For parametric
data storage, data may be entered using any of the five (700/01/02/
03 or 04) storate procedures. Again, this procedure is most
efficient (in terms of user time and' computer costs) when there
is a relatively small amount of parametric data to be added to
the system.
4.5.2. Inputting Data
There are a number of types of ground-water monitoring
information that should be stored in STORET1s parametric data
field. These include:
0 Station Descriptors:
- Physical setting descriptors
- Well descriptors
4-22
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0 Sample Descriptors:
Sample purpose descriptors
- Sample conditions descriptors
- Sampling and analytical methods
0 Analytical findings for sampled parameters
0 Special data-point qualifiers (remarks).
4.5.3 Station Descriptors
Station descriptors were defined and listed in Section 4.11
and Appendix C of this manual. These are data that describe the
facility, geohydrology, and wells from which samples are taken,
and are not expected to change over time. As they are not
expected to change, it is best that Ground-Water/STORET users
store them in the parametric data field with a date specially
used for unchanging data. In other words, all unchanging data
stored in the parametric data field should be stored as if they
were collected on "66/06/06". Dynamic data that will change
from sampling event to sampling event will be stored with the
date the sample,was collected.
Station descriptors include facility descriptors,_physical
setting descriptors, and well descriptors which were discussed
in section 4.1.1 of this Chapter. All facility descriptors,
except well ownership/ should be stored in the Station Header
or descriptive paragraph field. Most physical setting descrip-
tors and well descriptors will be stored in the parametric data
field under the "fixed" date ("66/06/06)". Refer to Appendix A
to see which physical setting descriptors and well descriptors
must be stored in the Station (well) Header, Descriptive Paragraph
and Parametric Variable Date Fields. Unchanging date, data
stored in the parametric data field might look like:
4-23
-------
This example is from a section of a STORET "ALLPARM"
retrieval output.
INITIAL DATE 66/C
INITIAL DATE
MEDIA GRV
DEPTH-FT (SMK)
00010 WATER TEMP CENT
l i
16/06 85/01/3'! 85/03/31
0800
VTR GRWTR GRWTR
18
12.7
A 84117 SURFACE SEAL CODE BMTNT
B 84122 SAMPLE PURPOSE CODE | I CNTMN.
,
i i!
1
F
Key
A Parametric station descriptor
B Parametric sample descriptor
C Fixed date
D Variable date
E Codes representing Bentenite for the well surface seal
F Code indicating that the well was sampled to determine ground-water contamination
4-24
-------
Many of the station descriptors that will be stored in
the parametric data field will be stored under parameter codes
whose values are coded (e.g., drilling method and drilling fluid
from the example). This means that the values given to each data
element will be a code that represents something. To_identify what
the code represents, the user must look up its definition in a
table. The site descriptor parameter codes for ground-water data,
their coded values and their definitions may be found in Appendix
B of this report. For certain physical setting descriptors,
namely "Geologic age or formation name" and "Aquifer name", the
coded values are presented in Appendix H.
4.5.4 Sample Descriptors
Sample descriptors were defined in Section 4.1.2 of this
manual. These are data that describe the sample purpose, sampling
conditions, and sampling/ analytical methodology, and are expected
to change over time.
Sample purpose descriptors, sampling conditions descriptors,
and some sampling/analytical methods descriptors should be
stored much the same way as any other "usual" parametric data in
STORET, i.e., they should be stored with the analytical findings
for each sampling event (special procedures for many of the
sampling and analytical methods data are described below). Many
of these data elements have coded data values. The parameter_
codes, value codes, and definitions for sample purpose, sampling
conditions descriptors, and testing/analytical methods can be
found in Appendix F.
4.5.4.1 Expanded Sample Key
Ground-water sampling and analytical methods for each sampling
event will, for the most part, be stored in special STORET key
fields which are part of the parametric data field. These fields,
known as "media, SMK, UMK", have special ground-water applications
which will be explained in the following paragraphs. Additionally
they can only be used with the ?00 format.
The ?00 storage format was developed to allow the storage
of samples taken from media other than water and to enable storage
of additional sample information that is not possible with the other
STORET formats. Every sample stored in STORET must be .uniguely
identified by date, time, and depth. The ?00 format allows you
to further identify the sample via an expanded, sample key which
in addition to date and time also specifies the media, the system
multi-purpose key (SMK), and the user multipurpose key (UMK).
For samples other than water or water qualified samples (bottom,
core etc.), the expanded sample key must be used.
4-25
-------
4.5.4.1.1 Media Key
The media key identifies the medium in which sampling was
done (e.g. water, sediment, etc). For ground water there are
currently two media keys: "GRWTR".and "RCRAGW." "GRWTR" is
to be used by all programs except RCRA. The RCRA Program has
designated its own media key "RCRAGW" which is to'be used for
inputting RCRA ground-water monitoring data. Any program that
wishes its own media key can develop its own code. This option
is currently being investigated at the Agency.
4.5.4.1.2 System Multipurpose Key (SMK)
When doing ground-water monitoring it is common to extract
more than one sample per monitoring station. There are
several ways to obtain multiple samples and for quality assurance
purposes it will be beneficial for STORET/Ground Water users to
be able to distinguish the manner in which multiple samples were
obtained. The system multipurpose key enables users to make this
distinction. A brief review of sampling is included here which
will help explain 'the coding used with the system multipurpose
key.
There are three common methods for obtaining mutiple samples
from ground-water monitoring stations.
0 Several samples may be taken from the same sample point
and placed into seperate sample bottles. For the purpose
of this manual each individual sample of the total set
will carry its own unique number.
0 One sample may be taken from the sample point; immediately
divided in the field and placed into different sample
bottles. Each portion of the original sample now residing
in separate sample bottles will be called a "field
replicate" in this manual.
0 One sample may be taken from a well and not divided into
seperate sample bottles until it arrives at the laboratory.
Each portion of the original sample now residing in sample
bottles will be called a "laboratory replicate" in this
manual.
4-26
-------
It should be understood that when multiple samples are
indicated on a data sheet it may mean that any one of the above
methods was used to obtain the multiple sample or that a combination
of the above methods was used to obtain the multiple sample.
The SMK code will enable a STORET/Ground-Water User to determine
whether the ground-water data is a multiple sample, what method(s)
was used to obtain the multiple sample, how many multiple samples
were taken, and which one of the multiple samples the data you
are examining came from.
code. Each
a specific
This information is obtained via the 6 digit SMK
of the first 4 digit positions of the code signifying
piece of information. At this time the last 2 digits of the code
will appear as zeros because no specific pieces of sampling
information have yet been defined for these positions. One SMK
will be entered for each sampling event (each set of multiple
samples will be considered a sampling event).
the SMK
The information conveyed in the first 4 digit positions of
•MK is summarized in the table on the following page.
4-27
-------
Digit
Position
Component Definition
Identifies whether the sample is an individual
sample or one of a multiple sample set. For
example, the sample in question could be: one
of a set of samples taken from a station (well)
and not further divided, one of a set of
multiple samples divided in the field, one of
a set of multiple samples divided in the labora-
tory, or a combination of the above The actual
number placed in the first digit position will
be a valve ranging from 0-7. The meaning
attached to the first digit position number
can be determined from the table on page 4-29.
Identifies which sample in the set of multiple
samples the data you are retrieving comes
from. For,example, if a sampling event from a
single sample point has resulted in 4 undivided
samples the data values reported for the first
sample would have a SMK code with "1" in the
second digit position, the data values reported
for the second sample would have a SMK with
"2" in the second digit position etc.
Identifies which one of the field replicates the
data you are retrieving comes from. For example,
if one sample was collected at the sample point
and divided into several sample bottles for
analysis in the field, the data values reported
for the first "field replicate" would have a "1"
in the third digit position of the SMK code, the
second field replicate would have "2" in the
third digit position of the SMK code etc.
Identifies which one of the lab replicates the
data you are retrieving comes from. For example,
if one sample was collected at the sample point
and divided into several sample bottles for
analysis in the lab the data values reported
for the first "lab replicate" would have a "1"
in the fourth digit position of the SMK code,
the second "lab replicate" would have a "2"
in the fourth digit position of the SMK etc.
4-28
-------
The following table will enable the user, to determine the
significance of the value appearing in the first digit position
of the SMK.
Sample Media Key "SMK" Notation for Ground-Water/STORET User
Multiple
First digit code Sample Field Replicate Lab Replicate
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
For example, should the first value of a SMK code be 3, the
user knows that several separate samples were taken at the sample
point. None of these were further divided in either the field
or the lab. If the first value of the SMK code were a 5, the
user would know that several samples were taken at the station
and further that one or all of the samples were subsequently
divided in the field so that the data you have retrieved is from
a field replicate. Finally, should the first value of the SMK
be a 1, the user would know that only one sample was obtained
from the sample point but this was divided into several portions
in the lab and he/she is retrieving data from one of the lab
replicates.
The example of a SMK code illustrated below indicates that
the data you are observing is one sample from a set of samples,
that this particular sample was the first in the lot. The sample
was divided in the field, and that this is the first of the field
replicates. There was no division in the lab.
i
1
1
1
lllju
511000
.A
B
C.
Key
A 5 indicates that this one set of multiple samples
which was subsequently divided into field replicates
B 1 indicates that this is the first replicate of the set
of samples for this particular station
C 1 indicates that this is the first field replicate
D 0 indicates that the original samples were not
divided in the lab.
E These fields are currently undefined
4-29
-------
4.5.4.1.3 Users Multipurpose Key (UMK.)
The UMK is an 8 digit number which will be used to describe
the method in which a ground-water sample was collected and analyzed,
There will be one "UMK" per sampling event (each multiple sample may
be considered a sampling event). There are 4 components of a
UMK code which are defined below.
Digit
1-2
3-5
6
7-8
Component Definition
Coded value for sampler type , (see Appendix P)
Identifies up to three different materials making up
the sampling equipment, 1-digit each (see Appendix F)
Flag for indicating whether the reported values were
determined in the lab or the field (see Appendix F)
Coded value to identify analytical method used to
determined reported values (see Appendix F)
The meaning of the Code appearing in each digit position is
defined in Appendix F. ' >
A sample UMK is illustrated below:
01001^0
A
B
C
D
Key
A Sampler type; 01 = Bottom Valve Bailer
B Sampling equipment material; 001 = stainless steel
C Lab or field determination flag; 5 = contract, field
D Analytical method used to determine reported
values; 01 = Gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS)
4-30
-------
An output of data stored in the parametric data field
using "media, SMK, UMK" will look like:
c
—
D —
SMK OR 84063
DATE TIME MEDIUM DEPTH DRILL
1 , -, r
I I III Til
66/06/06 0000 RCRAGW 0000 AIRRT
— UMK FOR ABOVE SAMPLE 00000000
73/09/11 0915 RCRAGW 2110
UMK FOR ABOVE SAMPLE 04001100
"73/09/11 0916 RCRAGW 2220
UMK FOR ABOVE SAMPLE 04001 100
75/10/21 1100 RCRAGW 0000
UMK FOR ABOVE SAMPLE 07003303
76/06/30 0810 RCRAGW 0020
UMK FOR ABOVE SAMPLE 07003100
81552
ACETONE
(UG/L)
100
100
102.6
101.2
00400
nhl
pn
SU
6n
6.0
6.5
6.6
— F
H
Key
A Date Sample
B Time Sampled
C Media Code
D UMK Code
E SMK Code or Depth
F Parameter Code
G Parameter Abbreviation
H Parameter Value
Further documentation and training to store data in STORET's
"media, SMK, UMK" fields can be obtained from STORET User
Assistance. (800-424-9067) codes for UMK fields can be found in
Appendix E.
4-31
-------
4.5.5 Analytical Findings
STORET "parameter codes", the computer codes used to store
data, usually represent a combination of three items:
0 Substance
0 Medium
0 Units
For example, parameter code 01000 represents "arsenic, dissolved
fraction of water, ug/1", while a different parameter code, 01002,
represents "arsenic, total water, ug/1" because the medium differs,
Most ground-water users will be interested in storing their
analytical findings under those parameter codes that represent
a substance in "whole" or "total" water. Other codes are avail-
able should the user find them necessary.
A list of STORET parameter codes may be obtained in any one
of the following sequences by using the STORET command %BATCH:
0 PARHALFA — identifies parameter codes in alphabetical
order of parameter name
0 PARNQMER — identifies parameters in numerical order
of parameter code
0 PARCAS — identifies parameters and parameter codes
in order of CAS number
STORET parameter descriptive information and codes may be
obtained interactively on the system through the use of the Water
Quality Analysis Branch Conversational procedure WQAB FARM and
the STORET command %PARABB. The WQAB FARM is quite useful for
ground-water data managers and an example is given in Appendix H.
If a parameter code for a particular substance does not exist,
users may have it created by contacting the STORET Client Services
Branch.
Additionally, the parameter codes of interest to RCRA data
managers for storing data collected at interim status facilities
from fully permitted facilities may be found in Appendices F and
G respectively.
4.6 Qualifying "Remarks"
Ground-water data managers may find it necessary to explain
something about a particular data point in addition to its
numerical value. For example, a data point may be one that is
being reported below the detection limit (e.g., "actual value is
less than 150 ug/1") or substances may be tested for but not
detected.
4-32
-------
The STORET System has the capability to store "remarks" with
each data value. These remarks flag the data value with such
qualifications as "less than", "greater than" and "undetected".
Appendix C of this report presents the remark codes that are
currently valid in STORET. An example of a parametric data field
with data that are remarked could be:
00400
pH
(SU)
6.0
6.0
6.5
6.6
6.6
01045 —
CQ Tnt
(UG/L)
*• .MM
120
f~r»i^ 1
50KJ
Onil 1
.OUJ
— A
B
Key
A
B
Parameter Code
Parameter name
C (Parametric} data value
D Remark code data value (K = Actual value is known
to be less than the value shown, U = material
specifically analyzed for but not detected)
Upon data retrieval, users may select any of the following
0 All data, regardless of the remark code
0 Only data without remarks
0 Only data with a specific remark code.
4-33
-------
Remark codes may be entered with each data point. They need not
always be used. Complete instructions on how to store data with
remark codes may be found in Chapter WQ-DE of the STORET Users'
Handbook. (February 1982).
It should be noted that some data (Superfund especially)
may have remark codes identical to STORET's but with different
definitions. These are usually indicated on the lab data forms.
For example, remark code "B" in STORET refers to bacterial counts
out of range, while Superfund uses "B" to indicate a compound
found in a travel or lab blank sample. Another example is that
Region IX's office policy is to subsitute "U" for "B" if data
value is below the detection level. If the value is above dection
level, no data is entered at all. These inconsistancies are
mentioned to ensure that users "pre-edit" suspect data so that
they maintain consistency with STORET remark codes.
4.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Information on QA/QC for ground-water monitoring such as
well construction, sampling me.thods and laboratory analysis
techniques is extremely important because of the numerous factors
which may affect the accuracy of the parameter values inputted
into STORET. For example, knowledge of the well construction may
help the user determine the reliability of the data, and knowing the
sampling method used might help the users determine the possibility
of sample aeration and a subsequent volitization of organics.
Accessibility to this type of information will asist users to
determine the usefulness of STORET data for their particular needs.
A parameter QA/QC code named Data Quality (84129) has been
added to STORET. As with all parameter codes in STORET, 4 characters
of coded values are available for use with the Data Quality
parameter code. The presence of this code will enable users to-
store fairly detailed QA/QC information for each sample.
Quality Assurance/Control is a complex element of a data
management system and involves many activities in well location,
construction, sampling and laboratory analysis. A decision on
how all or some of these activities should be included in the data
base has not been made at this time. However, because of the
importance .of this issue, a preliminary approach has been added to
STORET by the Office of Solid Waste. The approach will provide a
mechanism for starting to address this topic. This approach is
expected to be refined by EPA over the next year.
The 4 digit code contains the following for the specified
digit positions.
4-34
-------
0 The first (left) character will contain a one digit code
for the evaluation of well construction. The values in
the first digit position will range from 0-2 or be' blank.
The meaning of each of the possible values is summarized
below:
2 — Well has been EPA/State inspected in the last 5 years
and determined to be of high quality
I — well has been properly drilled, constructed of inert
materials, properly developed, pr'operly located, and
has controls to prevent tampering. Well constructed in
accordance to guidance produced by EPA/State.
0 — Well is known to be inadequate in some manner
blank — Well information unknown or not stored.
0 The second character will contain a 1 digit code for the
evaluation of sampling QA/QC. The values of digits in the
second position can range from 0-3 or be blank. The meaning
for each value is given below:
0 3
0 2
1 —
EPA/State has performed a QA/QC evaluation within
the last two years with a positive result
A detailed QA/QC plan with standard procedures and
internal checks exists; the objectives 'of-the plan
have been verified as being met for at least one
year (e.g., RCRA guidance for waste analysis,
September 1984)
A detailed QA/QC plan with standard procedures and
internal checks exists (e.g., RCRA guidance for waste
analysis, September 1984)
0 0 — No detailed QA/QC plan exists
0 blank — Information unknown or not stored.
0 The third position character will contain a 1 digit code
for the evaluation of laboratory QA/QC and will have values
ranging from 0-3 or be blank. The meaning for these values
is identical to position two, described above.
4-35
-------
0 The fourth position character will contain a 1 digit code
for the evaluation of overall QA/QC during the entire
sequence of the sampling event. This fourth position
character can have values ranging from 0-3 or be blank.
The meaning of the values selected for this position is
identical to position two above.
4-36
-------
5.0 DATA RETRIEVAL
-------
-------
5.0 DATA RETRIEVAL AND ANALYSIS
The STORET System offers users a wide variety of data analyses
(also called "retrievals"). To perform an analysis of data, users
must create or choose a "retrieval program" that will meet their
analytical needs. Chapter WQ-RET of the STORET Users' Handbook
(February 1982) presents users with the instructions necessary to
succesfully run STORET retrieval programs. The STORET Manager's
Guide (February 1982) presents applications of STORET analyses
and data that would be of interest to water guality managers.
Chapter 5.0 of this report is meant to introduce Ground-
Water/STORET users to STORET's analytical capabilities. It is
not an instructional chapter on how to operate STORET retrieval
programs. Rather, it presents some of the retrieval programs
STORET offers its users, and discusses how Ground-Water/STORET
users may find them helpful. It should be noted that there are
many more commands that can be used with the sample programs
than appear in this manual. A complete explanation of these
commands and how they can be used is contained in the STORET
seminar documentation which can be obtained from EPA's Client
Services Branch (800-424-9067).
5.1 Purpose Of Retrievals
The retrieval you choose will depend on the type of infor-
mation you need. Some programs are appropriate for those who
are interested in graphic displays, others will simply list
parameters and station locations, while some programs enable
statistical analysis. As an example, the user may wish to do an
analysis of wells that have concentrations of NO3 > 15 mg/1 and
are less than 25 feet in depth, or the user may wish to compare
shallow wells, say, 0-25 feet to wells 25-250 feet for nitrates.
The STORET program LOG can be used for mapping the two conditions
and the STORET-program mean with aggregate, and/or the STORET
program MSP can be used for statistical analysis.
The following list summarizes programs that will be of
interest to ground-water data managers. These are grouped_by
primary function with the manner in which the output is printed
in parenthesis following the program description.
Inventory of Parameters Sampled
INVENT — lists summary information on parameters sampled
(132,character line) (Tabular analyses)
Listings of Actual Sample Values
RET — tabular listings of selected parameters (non analytical
data listing)
ALLPARM— lists sample values for all parameters (non analytical
data listing)
5-1
-------
Statistical Analysis of Parameter Data
STAND
MEAN
REG
MSP
PLOT
BROWSE —
compares actual data values against standards
(non analytical data listing and some tabular
analyses)
performs statistics on selected parameters (tabular
analyses)
performs linear regression analyses on parametric
data (graphic display)
plots selected statistics of parameter values as
functions of stations (map and graphic displays)
plots data values as a function of time (graphic
display)
interactively retrieves station data with optional
graphic output
Station Information Only
STA — lists station codes for selected agencies (non analy-
tical data listing)
INDEX — lists station header information (non analytical
data listing)
LOG — plots a map showing station locations (map display)
Programs can also be described by the manner in which the
output is formatted. The following 4 sections will give more
details on retrieval programs and are organized by output formats.
Categories of programs discussed are: Non-Analytical Data Listings,
Tabular Analyses, Graphic Displays of Trends, and Map Displays of
Data. An example of a retrieval request and a sample output for
each type of program will be presented.
At this point in time the majority of ground-water retrieval
examples available to the Office of Ground-Water Protection are
from RCRA monitoring wells. Consequently the examples given in
this version of the manual are from wells at RCRA facilities.
It should be stressed that most STORET ground-water data are not
from RCRA monitoring wells but rather come from USGS ambient
monitoring programs or State drinking water supply wells. As
additional data is available the examples in the manual will be
5-2
-------
changed to reflect other ground water applications. Most of the
examples use the South Fremont Chemical Company. It should be
noted that although the data in the examples are from actual
RCRA sites, the South Fremont Chemical Company is a fictitious
name used for example purposes only.
5.2 Non-Analytical Data Listings
STORET offers ground-water users a number of retrieval pro-
grams for displaying data in several formats. Specific retrieval
programs are discussed below.
5.2.1 STA
STA produces a lists of all primary and secondary station
codes associated with a specified Agency code.
For instance a user might wish to obtain a listing of all
the RCRA ground-water stations maintained by USEPA's Region 9
office. You might develop a retrieval request which looks like:
PGM=STA,A=21 CARG,-
•B
Key
A Program to be run
B Agency Code
The retrieval printout for this STA request appears on the next
page.
5-3
-------
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CD
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5.2.2 INDEX
INDEX prints the station headers for each site retrieved
enabling users to easily examine stations of interest.
For example, a user may want to review the station headers
for all the RCRA monitoring wells in Monterey County, California.
The "INDEX" program may be chosen to obtain the needed information,
The retrieval request could look like:
•B
-C
A-
D-
r ; | n i
-PGM=INDEX,STC=06,CO=053,
-EXTRACT=RCRA AND WELL,
Key
A
B
Program to be run
State Code Selector; 06 is the FIPS Code
for California
County Code Selector; 053 is the FIPS
Code for Monterey County California
Station Restictor; in this case retrieve
only stations that are RCRA monitoring
wells
The printout for this example appears on the next page,
5-5
-------
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5.2.3 RET
RET lists raw data in chronological order, for one to 50
parameters, per retrieval, at selected stations. The listings
include sampling dates, times, and depths of the parameters
specified in the retrieval request.
If you wanted to obtain all the raw data on water temperature,
,TOC, conductivity and PH collected at the RCRA monitoring wells of
\the South Fremont Chemical Company you could make this retrieval
request:
A—
C—
— PGM=RET, A=11TOX09,—
— S=TXD0022091 38U01 ,
D— 1 1 D— OR D— Af\n D— ROn
r l l,r yo,r HUl^r Doll,
— B
Key
A Program to be run
B Agency Code
Station Code
C
D
Parameter Codes (11=water temperature,
95=conductivity, 400=pH and 680=TOC)
This printout is illustrated on the next page.
5-7
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5.2.4 ALLPARM
ALLPARM enables the user to obtain, without specifying any
parameter codes, tabular listings of raw data values for all
parameters stored at selected stations. Parameter codes can be
specified if desired.
A tabular listing of raw data from monitoring wells at
the South Fremont Chemical Company would be requested with the
following:
A PGM=ALLPARM,A=11TOX09,-
C • S=TXD002209138U01,
B
Key
A Program to be run
B Agency Code
C Station Code
The printout for the above sample appears on the next page,
5-9
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-------
5.3 Tabular Analyses
Several STORET retrieval programs give users a tabular
presentation of statistical analyses of data. These are
summarized below.
5.3.1 INVENT
Invent retrieves summary information on all the parameters
that have been sampled at the stations specified in the retrieval
request. Descriptive statistics for each parameter include: the
number of observations, the mean value, variance, standard devi-
ation, the maximum and minimum values, and the beginning and
ending dates for the data stored.
If you wanted a summary of all the parameters sampled for
RCRA at a specific monitoring station at the South Fremont
Chemical Company you would make the following retrieval
request:
. A
I
PGM=INVENf,A=TOX09',
S=TXD002209138U01,
i l
Key
A Program to be run
B Agency code
C Station code
The printout for the request appear^ on the next page
5-11
-------
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5.3.2 MEAN
MEAN does a statistical summarization and sorting on requested
parameters at user-specified sites. Mean provides the user with
flexibility to combine stations and to group data according to a
desired time frame. The statistical analyses that can be choosen
include: minimum, maximum, mean, sum of^squares, variance, standard
deviation and percentiles.
Suppose you were interested in doing statistical analysis
on specific parameters that were analyzed as part of the sampling
program at the RCRA wells of the South Fremont Chemical company.
You would submit the following retrieval request:
A-
B-
D-
E-
F-
-PGM=MEAN,
-A=11TOX09,S=TX002209138UO V
-P=11,P=95,P=400,P=680,P=1040,P=1051,
-DG=QYP,
SF=NLS2MVDE,
Key
A
B
C
D
Program to be run
Agency Code
Station Code
Parameter Codes (P=11=Water temperature °F,
95=conductivity, 400=pH, 680=TOC, 1040=copper
and 1051=Total Lead.)
The key work DG specifies the data groupings to be
used for the statistics calculated.
DG=Q, Calculates summaries by quarters
DG=Y, Calculates summaries by year
DG=P, Calculates summaries for period of record
Additional codes for the key work DG are:
DG=S, Prints individual samples
DG=M, Calculates summaries by months
DG=G, Calculates summaries by aggregation
of all data retrieved regardless of
station.
5-13
-------
Key (Continued)
F The keywork "SF" specifies which statistical
calculations are to be performed during the
retrieval. The values which can be assigned
to "SF" are:
SF=I\1, Calculates number of observations
SF=L, Calculates minimum value of observations
SF=S, Calculates sunn of values
SF=2, Calculates sum of squares
SF=M, Calculates mean (average)
SF=V, Calculates .variance
SF=D, Calculates standard deviation
SF=E, Calculates standard error
Additional codes for the keyword SF are:
SF=H, Calculates maximum value of observations
SF=C, Calculates coefficient of variation
SF=F, Calculates flow weighted average, when
using this capability, each group of 10
parameters must contain one of the
flow parameters.
This printout for the request is illustrated on the next page
5-14
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5.3.3 STAND
^STAND compares the observed sample values of parameters
specified in a retrieval to a set of specified criteria. For
instance, the criteria could be State or Federal standards for
various ground-water programs.
For instance if the user wanted to obtain a summary of vio-
lations for RCRA monitoring wells at the South Fremont Chemical
Company they would request.
Key
A
B
C
D
H
-PGM=STAND;
-A=11TOX09,S=TXDOQ2209138U01,-
P=95, MV=1450,
P=400, HV=7.3LV=6.6;
P=68p,HV=9.0
G PSA=T,
H PVS=T,
Program to be run
Agency Code
Station Code
Parameter codes (95=Cpnductivity, 4QO=pH
680=TOC)
HV sets the upper limit against which thj|f
parameter is to be checked. It applies only
to the parameter it follows.
LV sets the lower limit against which the
parameter is to be checked. It applies only
to the parameter it follows.
PSA=T, This command results in the entire
sample being printed when any of the para-
meters are in violation. The values in viola-
tion will be indicated with an asterick.
PVS-T, this specifies that a summary of all
the violations is to be printed.
-E&F
The printout for this request is illustrated on the following page.
• 5-16
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5.4 Graphic Displays of Trends
STORET users way graphically depict the change in concen-
tration of a substance over time, or compare the concentration
of one substance to another. These STORET retrieval programs
are listed below.
5.4.1 PLOT
The plot program retrieves data from the Water Quality file
and plots the values of each selected parameter for each selected
station (Y axis) for the specified time period (x axis).
For example, a user may want to see how the concentration
of a ground-water contamination indicator parameter has changed
between September 1983 and May 1984 at an RCRA Mpgradient well of
the South Fremont Chemical Company. The retrieval request might
look like:
A PGM=PLOT,
B A=11TOX09,S=TXD002209138U01r
D P=95,BD=830901 ,£0=84053*;
Key
A Program to be run
B Agency Code; 11=A Federal Agency performing
its own sampling and analysis, TOX=Groundwater
toxic data, 09=optional user code
C Primary station code; TXD002209138=Dun
and Bradstreet Number, U=relative position
of well, which in this case is upgradient and
01=well number. The site selected was an
upgradient well at the facility whose Dun &
Bradstreet number is TXD002209138.
D Parameter Code; 95=Conductivity at 25°C.
This is the ground-water contamination
indicator to be plotted.
E Data Restrictor; BD=Beginning Date,
ED=Ending Date. The time on the X-axis
is to span from September 1,1985 to
May 31,1983.
The output from this retrieval request is illustrated in Exhibit 5-8A,
5-19
-------
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ration Over Time, Shown With Con
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The software of the plot program reads a data value, plots its
location, and then draws a line between that location and the
previous data value location it plotted.
The order that the plot program receives data values to plot is
not dependent on data values but on the parametric data key which
includes the depth or SMK field.
This means that data values for the same date may be plotted in
any order.
The connecting line drawn from one date's data values to another
date's values will not necessarily be from the high or low value
for that date but from the last point plotted. This may result
in lines being connected at places other than their end points.
Since many ground water samples are collected in duplicate the
above situation may occur often. In this type of situation it
may be perferable to plot the data points without the connecting
lines. The user may also wish to consider this option on a
graph that has a large number of data points to avoid drawing
too many lines.
To invoke this option the minus sign is used when designating a
plotting symbol. The user may also wish to specify the keyword
"RECLINE" so that a trend line will be calculated and drawn on,
the plot.
5-21
-------
c-
D-
5GM=PLOT
-A=21MIMUSK,S=PWX3,
-P=95, .
3YM=-02, RECLINE,
Key
A Program to be run
B Station PWX3 within agency 21MIMU8K
is selected
C Data for conductivity is to be plotted
(95=conductivity)
D A triangle is to be the plotting symbol and
the symbols are not to be connected with
straight lines as signified by the minus sign
in front of 02
E Calculate and plot a trend line
The output from this retrieval request is illustrated in Exhibit 5-8B,
5-22
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5.4.2 REG ,
REG performs a regression analysis for the change in substance
concentration, either over time or in relation to another substance,
The REG program may be used to plot on a line printer three
types of regression analyses: A.trend analysis with one station
and one parameter; A correlation analysis with one station and
two parameters; A correlation analysis on the value at one station
versus those of another if two stations and one or two parameters
are specified.
The following example uses stream station data because a
ground-water station with sufficient data to run this program could
not be located at this time. However, the same type of analysis
can be performed for ground water where sufficient data points
exist. For example if a user wanted to. determine the relationship
between temperature and oxygen concentration you would make the
following retrieval request:
B
A PGM=REG/ARCLASS=ALL,
A=112WRD,S=01463500,P=10,P=300,
D REGPARMS= ^ C
E PLOT,S=01463500,P=1,P=2,
F STOPREG,
Key
A REG program selected to perform a regression
analysis generating a scatter diagram with a
regression line as output.
B Indicates that archieved stations are to be
included in retrieval request.
C Retrieve parametric data dissolved oxygen
•(P=300) and temperature degrees centigrade
(P=10). requested at station 01463500
belonging to the U.S. Geological Survey.
D Initiate the regression section of the
retrieval request.
E Initiates correlation and regression analysis
of two quality parameters at the same site
since 1 station and 2 parameters are specified.
F Indicates end of regression section of retrieval.
The output for this retrieval appears on the following page.
5-24
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5.4.3 BROWSE
Browse is a interactive station retrieval program with optional graphic
output. The program can be called by using the STORET command procedure
%BRCWSE. It creates an interface for you directly to the STORET database,
through the use of the STORET agency-station code, for site selection, and
the STORET parameter number for data selection. Many of the STORET data
restriction keywords are valid within BROWSE. Information on %BROWSE is
available in the STORET help data set "STORET.HELP.BROWSE".
In the following example of an interactive session the user's response
to the conputer's prompt messages are underlined. Additional clarification
is enclosed inside the parentheses.
READY (TSO Command Mode/Starting Point for STORET command %BROWSE)
%BROWSE
Is this a tektronix 4014 Terminal?
YES
Enter Agency Code, "SAME", or "STOP"
21MIMUSK
Enter Station Number, "FIRST" or "NEXT"
PWX3
GOT STATION 21M1MUSK PWX3
STORET SYSTEM
/TYPA/AMBNT/WE LL
43 14 09.0 085 58 01.0 2
PERIMETER WELL X-3
26121 MICHIGAN MUSKEGON
LAKE MICHIGAN
MUSKEGON RIVER
21M1 MUSK 0406010:
780505 DEPTH 59
INDEX
MILES
Inch and one quarter plastic well sampled monthly using either a centrifugal pump or compressed
air depending upon the depth to groundwater. Parameters include but are not limited to:
00080, 00095, 00340, 00680, 00940, 00671, 00631, 00310, 312501, and 31616.
36 SAMPLE(S)
284 OBSERVATIONS(S)
10 PARAMETER(S)
PERIOD OF RECORD - 72/12/05 THROUGH 75/12/23
Enter PARM CODE, "NEXT STATION", OR "ALL"
95
PARAMETER NOBS AVE MAX MIN BEG-DATE END-DATE
95 CNDUCTVY AT 25C MICROMHO 35 687 1011 550 72/12/05 75/12/23
PLOT THIS PARAMETER ? (YES OR NO)
YES RESTRICTIONS
WHAT RESTRICTIONS
ENTER RESTRICTIONS OR "GO"
SYM" -4, "GO"
(The user specified with the "SYM" keyword that the plotting symbol represented by the number 4 (a square)
was to be used and by proceeding it with a minus sign indicated that no connecting lines between symbols were
to be drawn. The keyword "GO" tells the program to clear the screen and begin drawing the graph.'
After reviewing the graph the user would enter a carriage return to continue.)
ENTER PARM CODE, "NEXT STATION:, or "ALL" ^
STOP (User entered stop to return to TSO)
READY (TSO command mode prompt)
END OF DATA
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5.5 Map Displays of Data
Users may produce several different types of maps using
several STORET mapping programs.
5.5.1 MSP ("Multiple Station Plot")
With MSP users can perform a number of statistical com-
putations on the value of selected parameters and then plot
the resulting values as a function of the stations selected.
User options specifications include: the parameter to be
plotted, scaling and axes control, statistical values to be
plotted, stations to be grouped and line printer or digital
plotter output.
A user may want to see how levels of a drinking water suit-
ability parameters, have changed for downgradient RCRA monitoring
wells in Michigan during 1984. The retrieval request appears
below:
C
E-
G
H
J.
K-
L-
B
PGM=MSP,QUALMAP, A==21 MIRG01 ,S=ALL,
-LT=NORET,L=4130,L=8645,L=46,L=8645,L=46/L=8230,
L=4130.L=8230.EXTRACT=RCRA AND WELL AND DOWN D
AND01034,P=01034,BD=840101,ED=841231, F
-BACKGRND=REACHES,BACKGRND=STATES,
-MSPARMS=BEGIN,MODELL %TI LE50T+A.GROUPSQ,
|—PLOTC,LEFT1,SEG=0001-0006/,TRNDNLY,
PLOTC,LEFT1,SEG=0007-0012/ JRNDNLY,
TPLOT,EARLY=1 L,LATE2L,
LABEL=WELLS - 1984=)¥,
-STOPMSP,
-SCALE=250000,
-HEAD=TRENDS IN CHROMIUM AT DOWNGRADIENT,
Key
A Retrival program selected is MSP, a mapping program.
QUALMAP instructs the system to create a map.
B Agency Code; All the sites in the agency 21MIRG01 are re-
quested (A=21MIRG01,S=ALL).
5-28
-------
Key (continued)
C Site Restrictor, only data from sites falling within the boun-
daries defined by the sets of latitude/longitude coordinates are
to be included (LT=NORET, L=..., etc; latitude/longitude boun-
daries are necessary for all mapping programs).
D Site Restrictor; only data from those sites which are downgra-
dient RCRA monitoring wells that have at least one obseva-
tion of chromium (EXTRACT=RCRA AND WELL AND DOWN
AND 01034) are to be included.
E Parameter Code; P=s 01034 is chromium in total water, report
in mg/l.
F Data Restrictors; BD=Beginning Date and ED= Ending Date
Retrieval and analysis are to be restricted to data collectged
between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1984.
G Output instruction; the outlines of the stream reaches and the
state borders are to be overlaid on the map
(BACKGRND-REACHES, BACKGRND=STATE).
H Specifications for Maps; These are flagged by
MSPARMS = BEGIN,MODELL,
I Special MSP Keywords which are placed between the
keywords: MSPARMS and STOPMSP" in this case the
keywords indicate that the 50th percentile (median) of the
data is to be calculated and that the percentile values are to
be divided into 4 equal groups.
— The first "plot" is to calculated the 50th percentile of
chromium values for the first six months of the year
(SEG 0001-0006) but not to print the map of these values
(TRNDNLY; the request not to print the map is optional, but it
is not needed if only the trend map is wanted.
— The second "plot" is to calculate the 50th percentile of
chromium values for the second six months of the year
(SEG =0007-0012) but not print the map (TRNDNLY)
— The trend map is created by considering the values of the
50th percentile of chromium in the first of the above plots,
the January-June plot, the one against which the second
"plot", from July to December, is to be compared
(TPLOT,EARLY=1L, LATE=2L)
5-29
-------
Key (continued)
— The trend map is to have a title on its legend reading "WELLS
-1984"
J The mapping MSP specific keywords are finished (STOPMSP)
K Scale is used to specify the scaling factor for the map. The
number represents the denominator of the scale to be used.
If the key word "scale" is not used then by default map size
becomes 30 x 60 inches.
L Head is used to add user-specified text lines to the lend of
a map.
An example of a trend map is printed on the next page.
5-30
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5.5.2 LOG (LOCATION MAP)
The LOG program is utilized to generate a map of an area
containing sampling site locations. Sampling sites to be shown
are selected using any of the station selection methods.
To run a LOG program you would input:
A PGM=LOC,
B STC=26,
C LT=NORET,
D TL=4130,L=8645,L=4600,L=8645,
LL=4600,L=8230,L=4130.L=8230,
E ARCLASS=ALL,
F EXTRACT=WELL,
n-IEAD=MONITORING WELLS,
J4EAD=MICHIGAN,
H BACKGRND=STATES,BACKGRND=COUNTIES,
-NOPOLPLT,
-SCALE=3000000,
-CSIZE=0.07,
-LOCSYM=02,SYMSIZE=0.01
I-
J-
K-
L-
M-
-TLAT=43.0,TLONG=081.3,
Key
A The LOG program plots a map of the area defined with any
station selection method, and plots a symbol to denote the
locations of all stations within that area.
B Select stations in Michigan.
C This keyword provides the LOG program with its required
latitude/longitude polygon without using the polygon as a sta-
tion selector.
D The L keyword is used to specify the vertices of a polygon.
The vertices may be entered in a clockwise or counter-
clockwise direction.
E Allows retrieval of all achieved stations and their data that
meet selection criteria.
F Restrict station selection to those that have a station type of
"well".
5-33
-------
Key (continued)
G This keyword is used to add user-specified text lines to the
legend of the map.
H BACKGRND is used to speficy optional map background lines,
either in addition to or instead of the default background of
State and County boundaries.
I NOPOLPLT may be used with the LOG program (when the
area whose stations are to be plotted is defined by a polygon
to suppress mapping of the polygon).
J Scale specifies the desired scale for the map to be plotted.
K CSIZE is used to change the size of the characters in the map
legend, and thus the size of the legend itself. CSIZE is a
mutiple of .15 inches with a valid range of .03-1.0.
L LOCSYM and SYMSIZE are used to-specify, respectively the
symbol to be drawn to denote station locations (in this case a
triangle) and the height of the symbols plotted in inches (from
1.0 to 0.01).
M TLAT and TLONG are used to move the legend to a user
specified place on the map.
5-34
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5.6 Interfaces with Other Important Data Analysis Systems
The output data from a STORET retrieval may be placed on
computer tapes or computer disk packs. These output files called
Further Computational Files (FCF) can be used as input to user-
supplied computer programs or a commercial statistical package.
One software system that will be of great interest to Ground-Water
Users will be the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). A SAS program
may be incorporated into a STORET retrieval and the data from
the retrieval may be passed directly into the SAS program. The
STORET system is also easily interfaced with SAS software through
the creation of FCF files designed for SAS compatibility. The
STORET sytem also provides a SAS READ macro so that the SAS user
need not know the FCF file layout. In addition there are numerous
STORET^help files available relating to the processing of STORET
data with SAS. An online index of these files is located in the
data set named "STORET.HELP.MORE.SAS.INDEX". Users may perform
many different kinds of sophisticated statistical analysis on
their data using SAS, including the Student's T-Test.
An exact copy of the USGS National Water Data Storage and
Retrieval system (WATSTORE) water quality file which describes
the chemical/ physical, biological and radiochemical charateristics
of both surface and ground waters is included in the STORET data
base and is updated monthly. USGS WATSTORE flow data is also
available in STORET.
The WATSTORE system itself consists of several files which
data are grouped and stored by common characteristics and data
collection frequencies. Currently, files are maintained for the
storage of (1) surface-water, guality-of-water, and ground-water
data measured on a daily or continuous basis, (2) annual peak
values for streamflow stations, (3) chemical analyses for sur-
face and ground-water sites. The WATSTORE system is operated
and^maintained on the central computer facilities of the USGS
at its National Center in Reston, Virginia. Data may be obtained
from WATSTORE through any of the Water Resources Division 46
District offices. General inquires afrout WATSTORE may be
directed to:
Chief Hydrologist
U.S. Geological Survey
437 National Center
Reston, Virginia 22092
The USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory file contains inventory
data about wells, springs, and other sources of ground water. The
data included are site location and identification, geohydrologic
characteristics, well-construction history, and one-time field
measurements such as water temperature. Exhibit 5-14 is an example
of the form used by the USGS to input data into the GWSI system and
presents a comprehensive view of the information the file contains.
The file contains over 1 million records and will eventually
contain over 2 million records. A copy of this file was placed
on EPA's National Computer Center System 2000 Data Base. It may
be made available with three days notice by contacting the Office
of Ground-Water Protection (202/382-7077).
5-36
-------
EXHIBIT 5-14
FORM NO 9-1904-A
SITE NO.
Record ed by
GENERAL SITE DATA 10]
Site ld»nt No
! ! . I
19
U.S. DEPT. OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WATER RESOURCES DIVISION
GROUND WATER SITE INVENTORY
SITE SCHEDULE
RG Number IR'"I*I
Date
- English
ADM V |*|
Site-Type
Project
No.
2- I C D H I M f T W I'
collector, drain, sinkhole, connector, multiple, pond.tunnel or. well
well shaft
U
M
5 =
field checked, unchecked, location not. minimi!
^^ eecurat. data
TT1 County
1 (or town)
add, delete. modify, verified
r^rr. 1*1
Latitude ' 9" I ! I ! I ! t
Local
Lat-Long
dtfl min
Longitude 1
11=|S F T M|*|
sac. 5 sec. 10 sec. Min
Number ,
12 =
_J |_
-, . _
"* Net 13= !
! Loc.
1/4 1/4 1/4 lection. township.
Location
Map
14'
I |_J L_JL_
altimeter, level, map
AccuracyL
sTn9 | 19° | D C E F H K L 0 P .- S T U V VV :*! ^drologic^
valley, upland
flat draw
--Unit (OWOC)
month day
Use ,
of
Site1
Construction/] 21 - / l*l °f |23 = | ADEGH0MPR STUWXZ
Completion ' ' '
thermal reserv ation.
24 = 1
A
B
C
D
E F
H 1
M
N
P
R S
T
U
Y
Z
if
Secondary [~2 5
Water Use
m Source of |7g7T
I -I i ' I Depth Data L29 '
Water Level I
Method of Measurement
.L._1. 1, ' t «i ' I I Date Measured L ~i ..L ..'.„,.,.I. . i-
©[33 •{"[*]
E G H
nrline, calibrated, estimated, pressure, calibrated, geophysical, manometer, reported, steel, electric, calibrated, other
airline gage pressure gage logs tape tape electric tape
! 37 = ! D F G
Site Status ; ,
H 0
R S T V
Z *
dry, flowing, naarby, noarby> '
flow.og recantlv
(lowing
, recently, nearby. nearby, foreign surface water other
pumped pumping recently substance effects
pumped
Geohydrologic Data
i 1 I jTi Measuring _ee
Pump Used I35'l I*', Point 266°
i ' Measuring - ;
' • • Point Date
OWNER IDENTIFICATION 111
R - 158 * -T- A D M *
add, delete, modify
month day year
OTHER SITE IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS (1)
add, delete, modify
I I 1 I I t
New Card Same R & T
190 #|
* . - M91 =
J | Assignor I
SITE VISIT DATA 111
IR-ISB!*
T- I A O M |*|
add, delete, modify
/ , /
Name of !
Person
month day
FIELD WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS (1)
l93#| ,/./,., 1*
1 1 I I I I I
FOOT NOTES:
(l) Source of Data Codes:
|~S D 0
agency
-------
EXHIBIT 5-14 (Continued)
WELL CONSTRUCTION DATA (1)
:»l±l 'T- L* J.'. _«^ Bn.,,»ofi9tfi , . 1*1 D"^f±,:;r"onR°-l , / , / , T~F1 &:*><•: :.*
add.dtltt*. modify
Conlf
rc«o! r~- 1" -•-"•-" ----------- ,_-_.,_
nlfKli)c/Onllet,£?'i i , . ; i : L.U., u l l i . LlLI
month day
Comuuction
r
65"; A B
Finish JJ6-J C F G
poreui. Vavtl w
concrete pvrt
Bottom ol pi I r^"]
Seal T! L l I .
y or *ug«r«d tool
H 0
poreui. flravtl w, gravel . horizontal, open, perforated.
concrete pvrt icrttn galliry, «nd or ilotted
Z
B C G Z *
B
Development I i
• •'-••-. ™--™. ^|-n NumberofHounr'-T"--1 '^1
. . j _ . . , M.lJ in Developmant I70;[ . . . J
5p«eiaf Treatment f _ T "1" 1
R»m8D.,.(opm.nt . I ' 'J...._ f ^ ._? . __ ,E-r -.
DtMENSIONS OF THE HOLE CONSTRUCTED (2)
add. d*l«t», modify
Top of Hole Segment Betow LSD
New did for Each Hole Segment ,
Sam* R, T & Field 5 9 .
f
i73«r.
|73ff| ,
[7_3?
.74-
below LSD
-:.-.^
[*-
•,. ., I*.
Diameter of Hole Segment
Lls = 1 , , , ..,,!*
|75>| , , ,. . *
175= , .. . |*
1 75- , . . *
1 7 5 = . , *
M.!*I ^rrn
; New Card for Each Casing With Same R. T & Field 5 9
3 O' CMin? Scamtnt Below LSD Bottom of Casing Segment Below LSD Diameter of C.ismq Segment Casing Material !
Thickness of Cas
l'/7*j
j^L
|77«|
|77J»|
i . i t • . • , 1 *
, (*
, ,,,.,,!*
, , '. , ... , i*
78-
78-
J78-
r??.
, , , • * \Tj_3 , . *
1 1 ,..-...* I7?- . *
i i ...?....*. !•'?= • *
t , , , ... , I*, 179S , . *
80= *
80-. * '•
80= *
80- *]
80" *'
"si =T . ' T
'ei=' t . """ "*"
L8 1 ' L • • • .1 L. *
:8'° • ' . * • ' ; *
OPENINGS SCHEDULE (21
• 111 * I T •• ' A C M
u«fitr. modify
Entry No
b9
Nevy C.ird for E.ich Open Section With Same R. T and Field 5 9
(Openings Data)
^Openings Data)
(Openings Data)
Top ot SKtian Below LSD [83 rfj , , . |*| [ 8 3 g' f
Bottom of Section B«low LSD, 84 • * 84 =
. 1 , . « L- • ' j |_j. ... .1- . V .
Typi ol Opining! ^' |85a|jj4i| |85"i*l
^ ' i.i | f i
Typ« ol Mjttf tal ' 8 6 * * 8 6 - | *
Oiimiter of Optn Section '87* . * '
.1...J L'l_. i.
Width of Opining
Lingthol Opening
188*. 9 ( * >
i 8 9 a ( t ( *,
86-
87-
j 88'= , [*l
• 8 9 = l # i
L _, ... L !_• L L L J
FOOT NOTES:
® Sourct ol Oitl Codet:
IS O 0
R L G Z
5 Casing Material Codes
B C G
I MP RSTUWZ
6 Type of Openingi Cadet
F L M P
R S T W X Z
-• iron iron metal plastic iti
7 Type of. Material Codes for Open Sections
B:
CG I M P RSTZ
_
. tou*f**d. mctrt. pirfoiatid. ««•• iert«n. sand,
tftwtlwtd or ilotttd wound (unknown) point
broni*
5-38
-------
PRODUCTION
flowing, pumped
add, dulot*, modify
EXHIBIT 5-14 (Continued)
n^l"""7! ."".' 7'~, .. , I.*
Diuharqiv. ,15
Method of I , „
,- ' i ' *
Measurement 1
»=• ,,,, .,., ,
*
2= j B C 1
I Source of Data '
: F M
151=| |*|
d p R
T U V W Z | *
duction !~"7 e 3 »
•el I
Prodi
Levi
Method of j
Measurement i
s
-------
EXHIBIT 5-14 (Continued)
GEOHYOROLOGIC UNIT DESCRIPTIONS (1)
dd.dtttlt. modify
Unit
Idinl.l.
'.....I ".[... .TTTT
*' U,ho,o,yL_i£l.
T71 Lithologicl_-
i_j Modifier I
AQUIFER DATA (21
• ddt dtl«tt. modify
Geohydrologic f
Unit Entry No I
D«.
|M«| ./,/....
month day y«r
VVat.rU,,.
tilt
CEGHYDROLOCIC UNIT DESCRIPTIONS (1)
•dd,dtf«(«. modtty
256 #;
Unit i I ----- I ']
M.otifl.J 93"tt.. ft (.1*1
Lithology
AQUIFER DATA {21
*dd. d«!n«, modily
»,. hs«T ,/./., . H Wa,.rU,8l!
i .111 i i i
-I 1 1 LjJ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lilllliili.il
-J 1 1 1 1 I—I 1 !_J 1 C-J I ' I :"i I I I I I I I I. I. I.. !_._.'_
_1 I 1 I I I I • I "I I -I
-1—I—I 1—I—I—I—I—I—1 i—I 1—LJJ—I I I I I I I I i I i I f I I I i I i I i i i
5-40
-------
The Water Quality Analysis Branch (WQAB) maintains both
conversational and batch software at the Environmental Protection
Agency's National Computer Center. The WQAB conversational pro-
cedures provide access to eight environmental data bases and may
be used with graphic or non-graphic terminals. Two of the many
WQAB conversational procedures available are "SITEHELP" and "PARM.1
In the following examples all user entered lines are followed by
a carriage return and are underlined for identification. Explana-
tory comments are enclosed in parentheses.
In this example "SITEHELP" is used to find and access ground-
water monitoring stations by city name.
WQAB SITEHELP
OPTION?
WELLS ONLY
OPTION?
c gordonsville va
(Allows access to the conversational procedure and prompts
user for data about terminal type and tso session.)
(The computer's prompt message when the WQAB conver-
sational procedure is waiting for user input.)
(The user requested that stations are to be wells only)
(the user requested that Gordonsville Virginia be located.
The systems response provides the Lat/Long, Major/Minor
Basins (0215), Congressional District (CD07), Orange County,
1970 population (1253), and is near the North Anna river).
CITY 36840 LAT 380830 LNG 781118 FLAG »
? CD 07 FPS70 3 CPS70 2
GORDONSVILLE ORANGE
C60 1109 C70 1253 C80
02080106026 0.00 N N ANNA R
MJMN 215 SBC ? SMSA -1 SD
-1
OPTION?
find 380830 78118 0.5
02080106026 S Anna River
OPTION?
rch 02080106026
SCALE?
TOL?
(the user requested that the system find the steam(s) that are
within 0.5 miles of Gordonsville, Virginia Lat/Long (38 08' 30",
and 78 11' 18").)
(The system found reach number 02080106026 of the S Anna River)
(The user requested data on the South Anna River.)
(Allows user with graphic terminal to adjust scale of graphic displays.
The user entered a carriage return.)
(Allows the user with a graphic terminal to adjust tolerance on river
traces. The user entered a carriage return.)
NO DRINKS ON REACH
0 WQ STATIONS WITH REACH NUMBERS
PRESENT COORDINATE LIMITS FOR WATER QUALITY RETRIEVAL:
LATMAX 38 11 36.8 L ATM IN 37 47 42.9
LONMAX 78 13 20.6 LONMIN 77 50 42.7
ENTER KEYWORD AND NEW VALUE OR RETURN (The user enters a carriage return)
AT LEAST 300 WQ STATIONS IN WINDOW (The system indicates that there are 300 wells for
the requested area.)
OPTION?
co nl (The user requested data on the first 12 wells. See next page)
5-41
-------
S ANNA R
02080106036(4) LEN 48.90 LR 1.00
TYPE S LEVEL 2 TRNS
DOWNSTREAM: 02080106034 COMPLEMENT: 020801060035
UPLEFT: - UPRIGHT: -
DATE 860206 TIME 172756
CIBG036N1
MONITORING STATIONS
1 21VASWCB 154-00202 LOUISA
2 21VASWCB 154-00203 LOUISA
3 21VASWCB 154-00204 LOUISA
4 21VASWCB 154-00205 LOUISA
5 21VASWCB 168-00065 TOWN OF GORDONSVILLE
B 21VASWCB 154-00150 GORDONSVILLE
7 21VASWCB 168-00115 TAGOODALL
8 21VASWCB 154-00460 GORDONSVILLE
9 21VASWCB 154-00463 GORDONSVILLE
10 21VASWCB 154-00229 LOUISA
11 21VASWCB 154-00211 YANCEYVILLE
12 21VASWCB 154-00153 VIRGINIA VERMICULITE =#1
(The data on the first
12 wells is printed and a
map of the S Ann River
reach is drawn with station
location indicated.)
[GORDONSVILLE
OPTION?
M 21VASWCB 154-00460
21VASWCB 154-00460
38062100781111104
02-NORTH ATLANTIC
1S-RAPPAHANOCK/YORK/COAST
GORDONSVILLE
VIRGINIA
51109
021500
060104
9999 : : :
/TYPE/AMENT/WELL
LOUISA
02080106
CWNERS NAME: ROBERT E. NORTON #1
DRILLED: CLAYTON
DATE COMPLETED: 1981 TYPE RIG: ARO
PROVINCE: 2 TYPE LOGS:
WATER ANALYSIS: YES AQUIFER TEST:
TYPE FACILITY: FARM
ABANDONED:
OPTION?
(The user requested that
the description paragraph
information from the ST]ORET
WQF be displayed by entering
the command "M" followed by
the STORET agency code and
STORET Station number.)
TOPOMAP: 172-C
CUTTINGS:
I
LOUISA
MINERAL
MILES
ITAKE DEPTH: 0030
11
5-42
-------
In this example "FARM" is used to access the STORET Water
Quality Pile (WQP) parameter file by parameter code. The output
is a complete description of all monitoring data available for
the specified parameter. As indicated in the example "PARM" can
be used to identify the CAS number which corresponds with the
STORET parameter codes.
READY
wqab parm (The WQAB "PARM" PROCEDURE IS EXECUTED.)
ATTEMPTING ENTRY TO WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
BRANCH SOFTWARE PACKAGE - PARM
'SKIP DESCRIPTIVE NARRATIVE? "YtESl" OR "N{O)'7
V
1) STORET PARAMETER
2) CASN#=
3) GROUP/MEDIA
4) BATCH (REPORTS FOR ALL PARAMETERS)
j 5) END
OPTION?
1_ (OPTION 1 IS SELECTED TO DISPLAY PARAMETER INFORMATION ON THE TERMINAL.)
ENTER S-T-0-R-E-T PARAMETER NUMBER OR "END"
S-T-O-R-E-T PARAMATER NUMBER : 01034
GROUP CODE: 08 (METALS)
SAMPLE MEDIA: W (WATER)
ANALYSIS TYPE: 1 (TOTAL)
REPORTING UNITS: B (UG/L)
AGC: *
PUBLISH FIELD: T
DECIMAL POINT: 1 (XXXXXXXX)
SHORT NAME: CHROMIUM
CR, TOT
UG/L
FULL NAME: CHROMIUM, TOTAL (UG/L AS CR)
ENTRY DATE "YYMM": 7005
ORIGIN OF REQUEST-MAJOR: E
ORIGIN OF REQUEST-MINOR: ROB
CAS NUMBER: 7440473
TOTAL OBSERVATIONS AS OF 1977: 180308
PERCENTS 1972-77: 68
PERCENTS 1967-71: 28
PERCENTS PRE-1967: 3
CONTAMINANT ID-CODE: 1020*
«SURFACE WATER»
"NUMBERS OF OBSERVATIONS AS OF JULY 1985 **
BY EPA REGION—NON-GS AND ALL
1034 (INFORMATION ABOUT CHROMIUM-
PARAMATER CODE 1034 IS REQUESTED.)
NGS
ALL
NGS
ALL
1
2-
3-
4-
5-
3525
10014
44952
49731
52184
5329
15786
50711
62470
70700
6-
7-
8-
9-
10-
US-
23225
8351
19713
9392
10802
231889
43845
12821
27823
14146
16762
320393
CANADA—ALL - 585
NASOAN - 15734
GROUND WATER
ALL USERS - 46336
NON USGS - 34863
XREF NAME: RORAAPXH
-------
ENTER S-T-0-R-E-T PARAMETER NUMBER OR "END" find. (Option 1 is ended.)
'******»»»*»***»*»**«***************»*»»»**»***»*»»*
1) STORET PARAMETER
2) CASN#=
3) GROUP/MEDIA
4) BATCH (REPORTS FOR ALL PARAMETERS)
5) END
••••••it********************************.***********-
OPTION? (Option 2 is selected to display on the terminal parameter codes associated with
2_ user provided CAS numbers.)
ENTER CASN, OR "END" 7440473
TOTAL OCCURRENCES 36
LIST? "Y(ES)" OR "N{0)" y
PARAMETER NUMBERS CONTAINING CAS #= 744.0473
••••••••••••••••••••••••••^••••••••••••.......................•.^•••••••••••.......................,
01024 01029 01030 01031 01034 01118
01254 01255 46244 46271 46308 46560
61511 61512 61513 71939 71943 71947
78413 79735 81215 81217 81723 81736
81745 81773 81781 81789 81795 82058
82059 82399 82498 82499 82500 85007
********************************W******«********
ENTER CASN, OR "END" end (Option 2 is ended.)
**************************************************
*
1) STORET PARAMETER . *
2) CASN #» *
(The CAS number is entered and associated STORET
parameter codes are displayed.)
3)
4)
5)
GROUP/MEDIA
*
*
BATCH (REPORTS FOR ALL PARAMETERS) *
END *
•••••it*******************************************
OPTION?
§. (Option 5 is selected to end the WQAB "PARM^ procedure and return to TSO.)
"PARM" COMPLETED—(02/19/86)—'-(11:16:38) (MLGA021)
READY i
Information on "SITEHELP" "FARM" and other Water Quality
Analysis Branch software can be obtained from Phil Taylor
202/382-7046.
5-44
-------
APPENDIX A
Graphic Illustration of Where to Place
Descriptors in the STORET Data Record
-------
-------
M
f
i^
S
©
OH
S
CD
18
CO
(0
4J
a
H
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CO. (D
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p/1
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4J 4J
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S-i
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o o
D.O
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b p
CO fci
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4-1
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cm
(I)
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4J D,
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u
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1
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c
dstreet
c
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<3
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x
to
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"S
(0
!
o
t
State/cou
x
CO
92
' i
c
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c
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treater,
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Hydrologi
Facility
X
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X
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ns
CD
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cc
(0
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0 CO
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jj B
c c c2
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(1)
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APPENDIX B
Station Descriptor Parameter Codes,
Values and Definition
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APPENDIX C
Remark Codes to Use with STORET Data
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
Remark Codes to Use With STORET Data
Code
Definition
Blank No remark
J Estimated value
K Actual value is known to be less than the value shown
L Actual value is known to be greater than the value
shown
M Presence of material verified but not quantified
N Presumptive evidence of presence of material
U Material specifically analyzed for but not detected
B Results based on colony count outside the acceptable
range (non-ideal colony count)
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
Sample Descriptor Parameter Codes,
Values and Definition
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