EPA-450/2-74-021B
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
FOR STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE:
COAL PREPARATION PLANTS
VOLUME 2: TEST DATA SUMMARY
Emission Standards and Engineering Division
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
October 1974
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This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report
technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are avail-
able free of charge to Federal employees, current contractors and
grantees, and nonprofit organizations as supplies permit from the Air
Pollution Technical Information Center, Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a fee, from the
National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161.
Publication No. EPA~450/2-74-021b
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
INTRODUCTION 1
Participate Test Results 2
Facilities ' 2
SUMMARY OF RESULTS 10
REFERENCES 33
ill
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COAL PREPARATION PUNTS
SUMMARY OF TEST DATA
INTRODUCTION
This document presents a summary of source tests and visible emission
measurements cited in Background Information for Standards of Performance:..
Coal Preparation Plants,Volume 1, Proposed Standards. This volume is
principally a summary of test results for pirticulate matter, but also describ
the facilities, their operating conditions, and characteristics of exhaust
gas streams.
Facilities are identified by the same coding used in Volume 1. For
example, Table 1 summarizes results of the January 1972 tests of emissions
from an air table, Facility A. These same results are also plotted in
Figure 9 of Volume 1.
Many of the tests summarized herein were conducted using EPA Reference
Method 5 for particulate matter (with minor variations in some cases).-
When this method was used, additional measurements were made to evaluate
materials that condense and collect in the impingers as the gases are cooled.
In the summaries, the "probe and filter catch" is the participate emission
measurement that was presented in Volume 1 and is the basis for the standard.
The "total catch" includes the probe and filter catch plus material collected
in the impingers.
Some tests summarized herein were conducted using methods which do not
use impingers, Particulate matter was collected on an alundum thimble or a
-' Environmental Protection Agency, "Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources," Federal Register, 36. (247): 24888-24890, December 1971
-------
fiberglass filter. In these test methods, the filter or thimble participate
catch is analogous to the "probe and filter catch" of Method 5.
Particulate Test Results
A test program was undertaken by EPA to evaluate the best particulate emission
control systems available for installation on new or substantially modified air
tables and thermal dryers in coal preparation plants. A total of five plants were
tested, three thermal dryer facilities and two air table operations. All thermal
dryers were controlled by venturi-type wet scrubbers, while all air tables were
controlled by baghouse collectors. In addition, an EPA survey accumulated test
data from which one air table test and four thermal dryer tests were chosen as
reliable data.
Figures 1 and 2 plot emission rates in grains per DSCF versus the applicable
coal preparation facility for air tables and thermal dryers, respectively.
Facilities
A- Air tables. Each air table within Plant A has a design capacity of 75 tons
cleaned coal per hour, is equipped with a cyclone and a closed suction-type,
cyclic cleaned baghouse of polypropylene fabric. The coal processed
was a mixture of lower Kittanning and Upper Freeport seams with a
Hardgrove grindability index of approximately 90. Feed analysis showed
28 mesh x 0 material at li.69 percent of te*a4 -feed. The plant was
operating at 70 tons per hour cleaned coal during tests. There were no
visible emissions from stack. Tests were conducted using EPA Method 5
except that sampling was conducted in a tangential gas flow.
-------
Bj. Air tables. Each air table within Plant B has a design capacity of 50 tons
cleaned coal per hour, is equipped with a cyclone and a closed suction-type,
cyclic cleaned baghouse of nylon fabric. The coal processed was from the
Pocahontas seam with a Hardgrove grindability index of 100. Feed analysis
showed 28 mesh x 0 material at 36.0 percent of total feed. The plant was
operating at 38 tons cleaned coal per hour. No visible emissions were
observed from the stack. Tests were conducted using EPA Method 5 except
sampling was conducted in a tangential gas flow.
B2. Same facility as B^t but tests were conducted privately under contract
to the company. The coal being processed, feed analysis, and production
rate during these tests are not known. Tests were conducted using an
alundum thimble inside the stack. Sampling was done in a tangential
gas flow.
C-|. Fluid-bed thermal dryer. The dryer design capacity is 408.5 tons per hour
coal feed and 40 tons per hour evaporation. Filter cake (-28 mesh) at 35
percent of plant output is fed to the dryer with all 1/4 x 28 M product. The
plant normally operates the dryer at 293 tons/hour coal feed. The dryer is
controlled by multiclone bank precleaners and a venturi-type scrubber with
a cyclonic mist eliminator. The stack had straightening vanes permanently
installed. During the test, dryer feed was 300 tons/hour. Scrubber-mist
eliminator pressure drop was 28 inches w.g. The coal processed was a
mixture of Pochaontas No. 3 and No. 5 seams of 100+ Hardgrove
grindability. Previous sieve analysis showed an average -325 mesh
-------
feed content of 8 percent. Inlet grain loadings averaged 9.8 gr/DSCF,
Plume aftertall showed 5-10 percent opacity. The test method was
EPA Method 5.
C2« Same facility as Cp but the scrubber-mist eliminator pressure
drop was 26.5 Inches w.g. during this test. No visible emissions
were noted during these tests.
DT Fluid-bed thermal dryer. The dryer design capacity 1s 385 tons per hour
feed and 35-45 tons per hour evaporation. Filter cake (-28 mesh) at either
50 or 100 percent of plant output can be fed,to the dryer with all 1/4 x 28M
product. The plant normally operates the dryer at 325 tons/hour feed
with 50 percent filter cake in the feed. The dryer is controlled by
two cyclones in parallel followed by a venturi-type scrubber with a
cyclonic mist eliminator. During tests dryer feed was 300 to 360 tons/
hour with 100 percent of filter cake being dried. Scrubber AP was 35 inches
w.g. The coal processed was Pocahontas No. 3 seam of 100+ grindabllity.
Sieve analysis showed that 4.22 percent of the feed was less than 325
mesh. Inlet grain loadings averaged 1.58 graln/DSCF. Tests were con-
ducted using EPA Method 5 except that sampling was conducted in a
tangential gas flow. Plume opacity was less than 10 percent.
Dg. Same facility, plant operation, and test method as for Dj. Plume opacity
was less than 10 percent.
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D3. Same facility and plant operation as for D^ and Dg. Egg-crate type
vanes were inserted into the stack to straighten the gas flow for
comparison to the D2 tests, EPA Method 5 was used. Plume opacity
was less than 10 percent.
Dj. Same facility as D,, D2, and D3- Only visible emission data (using
EPA Method 9) was obtained,
ET Fluid-bed thermal dryer. The dryer design capacity is 274 tons per hour
coal feed and 36 tons per hour evaporation. All filter cake passes through
the dryer. Plant operation averaged 125 tons/hour feed to the dryer
prior to the test. The dryer is controlled by a multiclone bank
followed by a venturi-fype scrubber with a cyclonic mist eliminator.
During tests the dryer feed was 200 tons per hour and scrubber A? was 21
inches total. The coal processed was Taggart seam of 55 Hardgrove grind-
ability and was dried to 2.5 percent surface moisture. Coal fed to
the dryer was 5.0 percent less than 325 mesh. Plume aftertail was
5 to 10 percent opacity. Tests were conducted using EPA Method 5
except that sampling was conducted in a tangential gas flow.
Eg. Same facility, plant operation and test method as for E. except that Osaka
seam coal, 55 Hardgrove grindability, was dried to 1.3 percent surface
moisture. The coal fed to the dryer was still 5.0 percent less than
325 mesh. Plume aftertail ranged from 10 to 15 percent opacity.
F. Fluid-bed thermal dryer. The dryer design capacity is 400 tons per hour coal
feed and 40 tons per hour evaporation. Thirty-five percent of thi filter
i
-------
cake is fed to the dryer. The plant operation averages 360 tons per hour
dryer feed. The dryer is controlled by a multiclone bank followed by
*
a venturi-type scrubber with a cyclonic mist eliminator UP of 26 inches w.g.}.
The coal processed is No. 3 Pocahontas, 100+ Hardgrove grindability. No
sieve analysis of feed is available. Process data during the test is limited.
Tests were conducted privately using American Air Filter Method No. 139.^
Sampling was conducted with a fiberglass filter followed with a back-up
filter. The probe tip was tilted to sample from the direction of maximum
velocity. A measuring orifice was used instead of a dry test meter,
G. Fluid-bed thermal dryer. The dryer design capacity is 365 tons per hour coal
feed and 37 tons per hour evaporation. Thirty-five percent of the filter cake
is fed to the dryer. The plant operation is normally at rated capacity. The
dryer is controlled by a multiclone bank followed by a venturi-type
scrubber with a tray scrubber as a mist eliminator. Total &P is estimated at
25 inches w.g. The coal processed is No. 3 Pocahontas, Hardgrove
grindability index 100. No sieve analysis of feed is available. Process
data during the test is limited. The test method is the same as for B2-
H* Fluid-bed thermal dryer. The dryer design capacity is 197 tons coal per hour
feed and 22 tons per hour evaporation. The dryer operates at 210 tons coal per
hour. All the filter cake goes through the dryer. The dryer is controlled by
twin cyclones in parallel, followed by a venturi-type scrubber. Total
-* American Air Filter Company, Incorporated, "Operating Instructions--
Five Inch Dust Sampler and Thirteen Inch Dust Sampler," Report 139, May 16, 1956.
-------
aP Is 21.75 Inches w. g. The coal processed is Beckley seam, Hardgrove
grindability of 102. Sieve analysis of the dryer feed shows 0.59 percent
is less than 325 mesh. Process data during the test is limited. Company
personnel conducted the test using EPA Method 5 except that sampling was
conducted in a tangential gas flow.
I- Fluid-bed thermal dryer. The dryer design capacity is 184 tons per hour
feed and 14 tons per hour evaporation. The dryer operates at 100 tons per
hour. All the filter cake i:, fed to the dryer. Emission controls consist
of cyclone banks followed by a venturi-type scrubber. Coal processed is
Pocahontas, 100+ Hardgrove grindability. Sieve analysis of the dryer feed
shows 3.75 percent less than 100 mesh. Limited process data is available
during the emission tests. The test method is the same as for F.
X. This facility is identical to that of facility D-j. Only visible emission
data (using EPA Method 9) was obtained.
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0.02
O
uii 0.01
3
o
AVERAGE
EPA TEST METHOD
O OTHER TEST METHOD
I
t
PLANT'
Figure 1. Particulate emissions from air table exhausts controlled by fabric filters
-------
0.06
0.05
0.04
1 0.03
u
O
£ 0.02
0.01
0
! i
Hr1
! i
AVERAGE
& EPA TEST METHOD
O OTHER TEST 1ETHOD
fi
n
b
PLANT
C2 pi D2 Da El £2 F G H ;I
Figure 2. Particulate emissions from thermal dryer exhausts controlled by wet scrubbers
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Table 1
FACILITY A -
Suumary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate - TPH
«
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow fate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.%
COa - Vol.1 dry
02 -.Vol.* dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Particulate Emissions
Probe and filter catch
ir/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
Total catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
1
1/20/72
120
70,3
33,700
33 ,COO
23,713
56
1.42
0
.0109
.0109
3.14
0.045
.0142
.0142
4.09
0.053
2
1/21/72
120
70.3
33,000 . '
35, COO
30,343'
*
30
0.?7
o-
.0052
.0056
1.5C
0.022
.0129'
.0139 '
' 3.92
0.056
Averac
70,3
33,350
34,C50
29 ,501
46
T.09
0
.3001 .
.0003
- 2.3G
0.034
.013C
.0141
4.00
0.057
Reference 1.
10
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.Table 2
FACILITY BI -
Sunmary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.1
C0£ - Vol.% dry
Og - Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Parti culate Emissions
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
Total catch
gr/DS£F
gr/ACf
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
1
2/23/72
120
38
27,318
25,918
40,923
63
0.886
0
o.on
0.010
2,41
0.063
0.015
Ov014
3.35
0.088
2
2/24/72
120
38
25,468
23,902
40,213
65
.0.908
0
0.002
0.002
0.36
0.010
0.012
0.012
2.54
0.067
3
2/24/72
120
3S.
26,607
24,002
41 ,786
65
1.072
0 -
0.003
0.003
0.57
0.015
0.007
0.007
1.56
0,041
Averac
120
33
26,464
24,907
40,974
64
0.982
0
0.005
0.005
1.11
0.029
o.on
0.011
2.40
0.065
Reference 2,
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Table 3
FACILITY B2
Summary of Results
Run Number _ _ _
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - OSCFM
*
Flow rate - DSGF/ton
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.%
C02 - Vol.% dry
02 - Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
P .'\ r t leu la t e^ E mi s s i on s^
ari d f i Her catch
1
5/12/70
60
2
5/12/70
60
3
5/13/70
60
4
5/ 13/70
60
gr/OSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
lb/1:on of product
0.006
0.008
0.008
0.006
r/ACf
Ib/hr
Ib/tcn oi: product'
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Table 3 (continuad)
FACILITY B2
Summary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
5
5/13/70
60
6
5/14/70
60
7
5/14/70
60
8
5/14/70
60
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - OSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.f
C02 - Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
P. '.rticujajte Emissions^
Prgb o_jind f i 1 ter CQt.cj\
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
O.-/DSCF
Or/,\CF
lb/hr
]b/t"on oi: product
0.005
0.004
o.on
0.009
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Table 3 (continued)
FACILITY B2
Suntnary of Results
Run_Huniber
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - DSCFH
Flov/ rate - DSCF/ton
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.1
C02 - Vol.% dry
02 - .Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible .Emissions % opacity
f ^ j" t i o 1 1 a t e Errri 5 si o n s_
9
5/15/70
s 60
10
5/15/70
60
Average
60
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/tcn of product
0.005
0,007
0.007
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
lb/tcn o!:
Reference 3.
14
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Table 4
FACILITY C1 -
Summary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes .._
Production rate - TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
dryer capacity
Temperature - F
Water vapor - Vol.1
CQ£ - Vol.1 dry
0? - Vol.% dry
2/29/72
120
300
145,072
Kj.330
21 ,266
125
14.37
1.0
19.2
_2__
3/1/72
120
300
145,207
107,530
21,506
125
12.98
0.7
19,7
3
3/2/72
120
300
151,456
111,560
22,312
. , 125
12.74
0.1
20.6
. ^Average
. 120
300
147,272
100,473
21 ,695
125
13.30
0.6
19.0
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Particulate Emissions
10
10
10
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
Total catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
0.017 -
0.012
15.16
0.051
0.021
0.015
18.77
0.063
0.013
0.010
12.39
0-.041
0.016
0.012
14.55
0.049
0.013
0.010
13.83
0.046
*
0,015
0.011
14.81
' 0.049
0.014
. . 0.011
13.43
0.0
0.017
0.013
16.04
0.053
Reference 4.
15
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laoie 5
FACILITY C, -
Summary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate - TPH
m
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSC F/ ton
capaci ty
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.2
COg - Vol.% dry
Og -.Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Parti cul ate Emissions
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
Total catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
1
10/24/72
120
300
157,812
114,589
22,918
126
14.14
-
. -
*
<10
3.016
0.011
15.25
0,051
0.01?
0.012
1C. 42
0.055
2
, 10/25/72
120
300
154,183
113,253
22,771
123
12,41
* **
«.
H
<10
0.021
0.015
20.17
0.067
0.022
0.016
21.20
0.071
3
10/26/72
120
280
149,481
109,405
21 ,001.
T26
13.5P,
"
*
"
<50
0.021
0.016
20.10
0.072
0,025'
0.010 -
23,17
0.083
Average
-
120
293
153,325
112,516
21*,523
125
13,71
w
<10
0.019
0.014
18.51
. 0,063
0.021
0.015
20,28
0.069
Reference 5,
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jTable 6
7 FACILITY 01-
Summary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
*
Flow rate - ACFM
*
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton*
dryer capacity
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.%
C02 - Vol.* dry
02 - Vol.56 dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Parti culatejrnijsjons
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr*
*
Ib/ton of product
Total .patch.
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr*
Ib/ton of product
1
1/25/72
120
360
215,722 .
162,000.
27,000..
53 ,
13.3
1.1
17.4
0.0236
0.0177
32.8
0.091
0.0305
0.0229
42.3
0.118
'2- .
1/26/72
120
360
210,151
157, HOO
26,167
69
13.4
1.6
17.7
0.0118
0.0088
15.9
0.044
' 0.0157
0.0117
21.1
0.059
3
1/27/72
120
3CO
208,062
157,000
26,167
65
12.7
1.5
17.7
0.0159
0.0120
21.4
0.060
0.0203
0.0157
28.0
0.078
Averagi
-
120
360
211,312
150,667
26,445
62
13.1
1.4
17.6
0.0171
0.0120
23.4
0.065
0.0223
0.0168
30.5
O.OC5
* IHnh results due to inaccuracy of pi tot readings in swirling gas flow.
Actual values are approximately 0.7 times the values shown in the table.
-------
FACILITY n2~
Suranary of Results
Run Hunter
Date
Test Time-minutes t.
Production rate - TPH
Stick Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM*
Flow rate - DSCFM*
Flow rate - DSCF/ton *
dryer capacity
Temperature - °F
Hater vaoor - Vol.2
1
'9/12/72
.126
344
215,130
165,033
28,786
119
13.41
2
0/13/72
120
3%
216,563
164,013
31,767
125
13.16
3
D/20/72
120
306
225,451
169,055
33,143
. . 125
14.59
Averag
,-....1 ,.,, "_., ,, , .. **
120
31 QA
219,051
166,034
31,227
123
13.72
C02 - Vol.% dry
02 - Vol.* dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Particulate Emissions
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr *
Ib/ton of product*
Total catch
gr/DSCF
§r/ACF
Ib/hr*
*
Ib/ton of product
0.0196
0.0150
27.75
0.031
0.0377
0.0289
53.32
0.155
0.0211
0.01CO
20.66
0-.097
0.0253
0.0102
35.56
0. .11 6
0.0300
0.0232.,. .
44.53
0,145
*
0.0369
0.0277
53.46
' 0.175
0.0230
...IL0191
34.00
0.107-
0.0333
0.0253
47.40
0.140
* High results due to inaccuracy of pi tot readings in
values are approximately 0.7 times the values shown
swirling flas flon. Actual
in the table.
-------
Table 8
FACILITY D3 -
Sunt:ir> of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate - TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
capacity
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.%
C02 -Vol.* dry
Oa -.Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Parti culate Emissions
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
Total catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/ton of product
Reference 7,
1
9/20/72
120 _
* 306
177,649
127/33
24,987
126
14.59
.
"
-
<10
0.0461
0.0344
50.35
0.165
0.0531
0.0396
5C.OO
0.184
2 3
9/20/72 9/21/72
120 120
335 306
175,139 176,764
127,723 129,760
22,808 25,443
*
124 123
13.98 13.36
*
-
-
<10 <13
0.0498 0.0350
0.0372 0.0266
54.51 30.92
0.162 0.127
0.0590 0.0417'
0.0445 0.0317'
64.58 46.37
0.192 0.152
Average
120
316
176,517
120,050
24,413
124
13.90
-
.
-
<10
.0402 .
0.0327
47.93
0.151
0.0513
0.0389
56.32
0.176
19
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Table 9
FACILITY D4
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: 2/5/74
Type of Plant: Coal Preparation
Type of Discharge: Vertical Stack
Location of DischargeiClean Coal Transfer Point
Height of Point of Discharge: 60 ft.
Description of Background: Brown Hillside
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: ISO ft.
Height of Observation Point: Ground Level
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: North
Description of Sky: Scattered Clouds (4W cover)
Wind Direction: Calm
Color of Plume: Lt. grey when visible
Interference of Steam Plume: Occasional
Duration of Observation; 2 hours
Wind Velocity: Calm
Detached Plume: No
mi/hr
Summary of Data:
Opacity,
Percent
7
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
HTn.
8
4
Sec.
0
15
Opacity,
Percent
S5
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Total Tfae Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
MTn,
Sec7
Opacity Variation with Time:
ID
3 4
TIME, hours
Reference 8.
20
-------
Table 10
FACILITY D4
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: 2/5/74
Type of Plant: Coal Preparation
Type of Discharge: Vertical Stack
Location of Discharge: Load-out (Rotoclone)
Height of Point of Discharge: 80 ft.
Description of Background: Brown Hillside
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 300 ft.
Height of Observation Point: Ground Level
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: North
Description of Sky: Partly Cloudy (50% cover)
Wind Direction: Calm
Color of Plume: Lt. grey when visible
Interference of Steam Plume: Occasional
Duration of Observation: 2 hours
Wind Velocity: Calm
Detached Plume: No
mi/hr
Summary of Data:
Opacity,
Percent
3
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
Min.
Sec.
Opacity,
Percent
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than' Given Opacity
Mm. Sec^
Opacity Variation with Time:
40
10
3 4
TIME, hours
Reference 8,
21
-------
TaMe 11
FACILITY D4
SWWARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: 2/7/74
Type of Plant: Coal Preparation
Tyoe jf Discharge: Horizontal Stack
Location of Discharge: Breaker-Baghouse Exhaust
Height of Point of Discharge: 35 ft.
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 100 ft
Height of Observation Point: Ground Level
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: East
Description of Background: Side of plant; gray metal background.
Description of Sky: Cloudy
Wind Direction: Northwest
Color of Plume: None
Interference of Steam Plume: None
Duration of Observation: 2 hours
Wind Velocity. --IS
Detached Plume: No
m1/hr
Summary of Data:
Opacity,
Percent
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
Mln.
Sec.
Opacity,
Percent
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Total Time-Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
Min.
SecT
Opacity Variation with Time:
4D
30
20
10
3 4
TIME, hours
Reference 8.
22
-------
Table 12
FACILITY D4
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date; 2/5/74
Type of Plant: Coal Preparation
Type of Discharge: Vertical Stack Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 300 ft.
Location of Discharge:Therinal Dryer-Scrubber uutletHeight of Observation Point: Ground Level
Height of Point of Discharge: ^120 ft. Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: Northeast
Description of Background: Sky
Description of Sky: Clear,
Wind Direction: Calm Wind Velocity: Calm
Color of Plume: Lt. Srey when visible Detached Plume: No
Interference of Steam Plume: Total at stack; partial up to 500 ft, elevation
Duration of Observation: 4 hours
mi/hr
Summary of Data:
Opacity,
Percent
5
10
IS
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
Hln.
12
12
jeer;
0
0
Opacity,
Percent
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
Min.
Sec.
Opacity Variation with Time:
40
30
20
I "
o
TIME, hours
Reference 8.
23
-------
Table 13
FACILITY ET
Suimtary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM*
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton*
capacity
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.%
C0£ - Vol.% dry
02 - Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible .Emissions % opacity
Parti cul ate Emissions
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr*
Ib/ton of product*
Total catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr *
Ib/ton of product *
1
3/23/72
120
200
133,193
135,450
4Q5:35.
'120
11.93
0.3
10.0
-
<10
0.027'
0.-Q20
31.57
0.153
0.035
0.025 -
41.09
0.205
2
3/23/72
120
210
173 ,124
136,170
40,821
120
. 1.37
0.4
ID. 3
-
<10
. 0.023
0.021
"JO f>*"*
a£ «oo
0.164
" 0.037
0.023
42.80
0.214
Average
101,061
135,760
40,720
' 120 I
10. GJ
0.3t
I
19. R
0.0275
O.D205
32.23
0.1G1
.027
41,9
* High results due to inaccuracy of pitot readings in swirling gas flow.
values are approximately 0.7 times the values shown in the table.
Reference 9.
24 .
Actual
-------
Table 14
FACILITY E?~
Stannary of Results
Run Number
Date
Test Time-minutes
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM *
Flow rate - DSCFM*
Flow rate - DSCF/ton *
capaci ty
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.1
COa - Vol.% dry
Og - Vol.X dry
,-|U;
3/20/72
120
200-
134,093 :
137,313
41,103
"200-
12.61
3.2
IS. 2 -
Z
. 3/22/72
120
200
I77,nn
123,320
3/*» f- f* f-
o,j;}u
200
. 13. Gl
0.3
10. C .
3
3/22/72
120
*^"SA
t--'\-
1 -I T r*- f\ -f
i / 1 9 >*J/
"f IT-* -I *%n
t.W ,1.1',
*<-. i -jn
*'\-' , 1 ->>
^»«^n
(, ::>
12. 5C
. 0.2
10.4
Average
-
120
200
174,574
127,310
30,343
200 -i
n.'vj.
''.25
I
I
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
Particulate Emissions
10
1-1
Probe and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr*
Ib/ton of product *
Total catch
gr/DSCF
gr/AC?
Ib/hr*
Ib/ton of product *
3.04G"
0.034
53.54
0.2C7
0.050
0.344
CC.OC
0 3*iO
0,037
*~t nn 7
i ,.Ut /
l>*\ 11
H j . -J 1
n C"^o
0.050
,-^ H n/
. JOM
54.74
0,274
(^ f\ 4 *\
,--.''K>
^ n-«"7
1 . V J*'i._
47.15
n.23«3
0.036
O.OAi
C1.22
0.30C
0.040
3.030
43.7?
0.219
0.053
0.040
57.03
0.2?n
* i'in'i results dm? to inaccuracy of pi tot readings in swirlirn g^s flov;. Actual
values are approximately 0.7 times the values shown in the table.
0 "rocuss unstable Reference 9
'} /-.i.-raij'-5 for runr, 2 -an-i 3
-------
:tuiL,H umber
"i ;s t Time-mi mi tos
Production rate -'TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rata - ACFM
How rate - DSCFM
Flov/ rate - DSCF/ton
Temperature - °F
U.rter vapor ~ Vol.%
COg - Vol.% dry
Q'l - Vol." dry
CO - Vol. 5J dry
I opaci ty
;[:.: (3ri '. ' i': i IJ;s r ca t c h_
gr/OSCF
gr/ACF
Table 15
FACILITY F
Summary of Results
Aver-aye*
1/5/71
141,000
118°F
0.01
a/i'.on iji: product
0.029
* Individual runs not reported.
Reference 10.
26
-------
Table 16
FACILITY G
Summary of Results
Run Number '
Date
Test Timo-minutes
1
2/11/71
66
2
2/11/71
63
3
2/11/71
63
Average
64
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
Temperature - °F
Water vapor - Vol.%
C0£ - Vol.% dry
G2 - Vol.% dry
CO - Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
a te_ Emi ss 1 ons
Pro ho and fil ter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
lb/tcn of product
Total c
0.011
0,014
0.008
0.011
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/tcn of product
Reference 10.
-------
J\un__ I i urnbe r _______ _ ___
Da ta
Tes L Ti ma-minutes
Production rate --TPH
Stack EFfluGnt
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - OSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
temperature - °F
Hater vapor - Vol.%
CO? - Vol.fJ dry
,A i * ^ 1 ^/ 4 , , , ,
v/ " v O i - .-> Ui j
CO - Vol. i^-dry
Visible E'iiissions % opacity
Table 17
FACILITY H
Summary of Results
1
9/14/71
70,170
9/15/71
68,604
Avoraye
69,380
nr/DSCF
gr/ACF
ib/hr
lb/tori or prcduct
0.031
.0275
0,087
0.079
0.029
0.083
Reference 10,
28
-------
Table 18
FACILITY I
Summary of Results
J\unjj umber
Date
Test Time-n
Production rate --TPH
Stack Effluent
Flow rate - ACFM
Flow rate - DSCFM
Flow rate - DSCF/ton
Temperature - °F
Uater vapor - Vol.SJ
C02 - Vol.% dry
1
7/26/72
inutes 48
2
7/26/72
48
3
7/26/72
48
Average
48
CO -- Vol. % dry
Visible Emissions % opacity
P.yrLi ci.i 1 ate ilrrn' ssions
Proh;5 and filter catch
gr/DSCF
gr/ACF
Ib/hr
Ib/tori of product
gr/DSCr
Gr/A.Cf
Ib/hr
Ib/tcn of-" [rro
114
117
108
113
0.013
0.019
0.012
0.015
Reference 10."
-------
Table 19
FACILITY X
SUMWRY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: 2/6/74
Type of Plant: Coal Preparation
Type of Discharge: Vertical Stack
Location of Discharge: .Clean Coal Transfer Point
Height of Point of Discharge: 60 ft.
Description of Background: Brown Hillside
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 250 ft.
Height of Observation Point: Ground Level
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: North
Description of Sky: Overcast
Wind Direction: Calm Wind Velocity; Calm mi/hr
Color of Plume: Grey when visible Detached Plume: No
Interference of Steam Plume: Intermittent
Duration of Observation: l hour, 14 minutes. Halted due to rain. Start-ups and shutddwns not
included; upsets are included.
Summary of Data:
Opacity,
Percent
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than GivenOpacity
Hin.
18
17
15
13
7
Z
0
0
Sec.
0
30
0
14
0
45
30
0
Opacity,
Percent
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
§5
100
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
MTru
Sec.
Opacity Variations with Time:
40
30
20
I
Reference 8,
TIME, hours
30
-------
Table 20
FACILITY X
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: 2/6/74
Type of Plant: Coal Preparation
Type of Discharge: Vertical Stack
Location of Discharge; Load-out (Rotoclone)
Height of Point of Discharge: 80 ft.
Description of Background: Sky
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 400 ft.
Height of Observation Point: Ground Level
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: North
Description of Sky: Overcast
Wind Direction: Calm Wind Velocity: Calm
Color of Plume: Grey when visible. Detached PI are: No
Interference of Steam Plume: Intermittent
Duration of Observation: 1 hour, 13 minutes. Halted dut to rain.
included; upsets are included.
Summary of Data:
Opacity,
Percent
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
43
45
50
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
HTrL
19
18
IS
n
8
4
0
0
sec,
30
45
0
30
0
0
IS
0
Opacity,
Percent
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
mi/hr
Start-ups and shutdowns not
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
Hln.. Sec.
Opacity Variations with Tine:
40
30
20
Reference 8,
3 4
TIME, hours
31
-------
Table 21 ' / ;
FACILITY X
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: 2/6/74
Type of Plant: Coal Preparation
Type of Discharge: Vertical Stack Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 300 ft.
Location of Dlscharge:Thennal Dryer-Scrubber OutletHelght of Observation Point: Ground Level
Height of Point of Discharge: 120 ft. Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: Northeast
Description of Background: Sky
Description of Sky:
Qvercase; rain began during observation,
became heavy.
Readings terminated when rainfall
mi/hr
Wind Direction: Calm Wind Velocity: Calm
Color of Plume: Lt. grey when visible Detached Plume: No
Interference of Steam Plume: Total at stack; partial up to 100-300 ft. above stack.
Duration of Observation: 1 hour, 18 minutes. Dryer upset, then rainfall became heavy before dryer
started up again. Readings for start-up and shutdown not Included in this
summary; upsets are included.
Summary of Data:
Opacity,
Percent
5
10
IS
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
Hln.
13
11
5
3
1
0
0
Sec.
15
45
15
15
15
30
0
Opacity,
Percent
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Total Time Equal to or Greater
Than Given Opacity
win.
Sec,
Opacity Variations with Time:
40
30
20
10
3 4
TIME, hours
Reference 8,
32
-------
REFERENCES
1, "Report by York Research Corporation on Emissions From [Facility A]»"
prepared for EPA by York Research Corporation, Report No. Y-773Q-G,
February 18, 1972, EPA Test No. 72-CI-4.
2. "Coal Preparation Plant Emission Tests" For Facility BI , prepared for EPA
by Scott Research Laboratories, Incorporated, Contract No. 68-02-0233, EPA
Test No. 72-CI-13.
3. Emission Test Report for Facility Bg, July 21, 1970, submitted by the
owner to EPA.
4. "Coal Preparation Plant Emission Tests" for Facility C-,, prepared for EPA
by Scott Research Laboratories, Incorporated, Contract No. 68-02-0233,
EPA Test No. 72-CI-19.
5. "Coal Preparation Plant Emission Tests" for Facility C«, prepared for EPA
by Scott Research Laboratories, Incorporated, Contract No. 68-02-0233,
November 1972, EPA Test No. 72-CI-19(CCL).
6. "Report by York Research Corporation on Emissions From [Facility D-]§"
prepared for EPA by York Research Corporation, Report No. Y-7730-H,
February 14, 1972, EPA Test No. 72-CI-6.
7. "Coal Preparation Plant Emission Tests" for Facilities D« and D-, prepared
for EPA by Scott Research Laboratories, Incorporated, Contract No. 68-02-0233,
October 1972, EPA Test No. 73-CCL-2.
33
-------
8, Sedman, Charles B.» "Trip ReportMon1toring of Visible Emissions From
Coal Preparation Plants," February 13, 1974.
9, "Coal Preparation Plant Emission Tests" for Facilities E, and Eg, prepared
for EPA by Scott Research Laboratories, Incorporated, Contract No. 68-02-0233,
EPA Test No. 72-CI-22.
10. EPA questionnaire data.
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on t*">. reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-450/2-74-021b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Background Information for Standards of Performance:
Coal Preparation Plants, Volume 2, Summary of Test Dgtp6RFORMINGORGANIZAT'ONCODE
|5. REPORT DATE
October
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12, SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This volume is the first of a series on standards of performance for coal
preparation plants. This volume presents the proposed standards and the
rationale for the degree of control selected. The volume also discusses
the analytical methods for sampling emissions and the environmental and
economic impact of the standards.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
r Pollution control
Performance standards
Coal Preparation Plants
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Air pollution control
c. cos AT I Field/Group
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
3u
20. SECURITY CLASS (TMspage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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