EPA-450/2-90-013
   Guide to Public Awareness
Materials  on Wood Combustion
           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
              Office of Air and Radiation
         Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
            Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

                September 1990

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          RIDER TO U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
               DOCUMENT ENTITLED ^PUBLIC AWARENESS
            MATERIALS ON RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION"
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency produced six public
service announcements (PSA's) in 1990.  Since publication of this
document in September 1990, only three of these "Let's Clear the
Air" PSA's have been authorized for distribution.  They include
the following:  "Fireman," "Chimney Sweep," and "Mechanic."
Thirty-second and ten-second spots were produced for all three
PSA's.  The other three videos will not be released.

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    bi?,°k!et WaS prepared by Radjan Corporation under EPA Contract No. 68-02-
4464, Work Assignment No. 90-79.

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                            Table of Contents
1. Introduction	




2. Improving the Way You Burn	




3. Facts About Your Woodstove	




4. How Woodsmoke Affects Your Health.




5. Environmental Pollution 	




6. Economics of Woodburning	




7. Curtailments and Regulations	



8. Materials	
 IV




 1




 11




 19




 25




 33




37




Al

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 1.   Introduction
           This booklet contains a collection of public
           awareness materials on residential wood
           combustion. Many state and local agen-
           cies have prepared these materials for dis-
tribution as part of their PM-10 public awareness pro-
grams. Several federal agencies, including the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, have prepared
materials as well.
    The U. S. EPA has prepared this booklet as an
information-sharing resource.  Because it will allow
agencies to see and obtain copies of materials pre-
pared by other agencies, it should reduce the need to
recreate the same materials.
    In preparing this booklet, individuals at 39
federal, state, and local agencies were surveyed.  As
shown in Table 1,26 of these agencies have produced
their own materials or have been distributing materi-
als prepared by others.
    Public awareness materials generally fall into
four types: brochures, fact sheets, booklets, and vide-
otapes. The remainder of this booklet presents
descriptions of these materials as well as copies of
most of the materials themselves.
 Using this Booklet:
    To make it easier to use this booklet, all of the
 gathered public awareness materials are organized in
 six main subject categories:

    Q  Improving the Way You Bum;
    Q  Facts About Your Woodstove;
    Q  How Woodsmoke Affects Your Health;
    Q  Environmental Pollution;
    Q  Economics of Woodburning; and
    Q  Curtailments and Regulations.

    These categories correspond with sections 2-7 of
this booklet.  In each section, you'11 find a list and
short description of all public awareness materials
covering that area, organized by state. Materials are
sometimes listed more than once; they are shown
under the agency that distributes them as well as
under the publishing agency. Assume that the dis-
tributor and producer are one and the same unless the
publisher's name appears in italics below the title of
the material.

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 Introduction
    Some materials bear the notation "historical
material." These are publications that have been dis-
tributed by an agency in the past, but are no longer in
active circulation. They are not necessarily out of
date, but may have been more useful during the early
stages of a public awareness campaign than after
several years.
    Each type of material has its own symbol so that
you can tell at a glance whether something is a bro-
chure, booklet, fact sheet, or videotape.  The symbols
are as follows:
    Fact Sheet
    Brochure
    Booklet
   Videotape
     A fact sheet generally is presented in 81/2 x 11
 format, stapled at the corner if more than a single
 sheet Fact sheets tend to be narrowly focused in
 content Some may be in the form of a nonstandard
 size card.
     A brochure usually is a single sheet, printed
 front and back with two folds, which covers two to
 five topics.
     A booklet is multipaged and stapled along the
 spine.  It is comprehensive either in scope (many
 related topics) or treatment (depth of a single topic).
     The videotape category includes short (60-, 30-,
 and 10-second) public service announcements as well
 as longer videotapes. Public service announcements
 are intended for broadcast; other videotapes may be
 broadcast or shown to specific audiences.
    Copies of most of the materials may be found in
 the appendix, entitled "Materials."  Some of the
 longer documents have not been included because of
 space considerations. Scripts of video public service
announcements also are included.
    To obtain copies of the materials, contact the ap-
propriate person listed by agency in Table 1 of the
introduction to this booklet

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  Introduction
                                            Table t
               List of Contacts for Public Awareness Materials
                                          on Wood Combustion
 California
 Bay Area Air Quality Management District
 939 Ellis Street
 San Francisco, CA 94109

 Fresno County Department of Health
 P.O. Box 11867
 Fresno, CA 93775

 Northern Sierra Air Quality District
 540 Searls Avenue
 Nevada City, CA 95959

 Northern Sonoma County
 Air Pollution Control District
 109 North Street
 Healdsburg, CA 95448

 Placer County Air Pollution Control District
 11464 B Avenue
 Auburn, CA 95603
                                                              Joan Dracott
                                                              (415) 771-6000
                                                              Bob Bashian
                                                              (209)445-3239
                                                             Russell Roberts
                                                             (916) 265-1398
                                                             Mike Tolmasoff
                                                             (707)433-5911
                                                             Noel Bonderson
                                                             (916) 889-7130
Colorado
Aspen/Pitkin Environmental Health Department
130 S. Galena Street
Aspen, CO 81611
                                                             LeeCassin
                                                             (303) 920-5070
                  Routt County Department of Environmental Health  Mike Nopf
                  P.O. Box 770087                             (303)817-0185
                  Steamboat Springs, CA 80477
Idaho
Boise City Housing Building Department
P.O. Box 500
Boise, ID 83701
                                                             Jim Fackrell
                                                             (208) 384-4272
Maine
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
State House Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
                                                             Ronald Severance
                                                             (207) 289-2434
                                                                                   (Continued)

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  Introduction
 Montana
                                            Table 1
                                           Continued
 Butte - Silver Bow Health Department
 25 West Front
 Butte, MT 59701

 Lewis & Clark County Health Department
 P.O. Box 1723
 Helena, MT 59624

 Missoula City/County Health Department
 301 West Alder
 Missoula, MT 59802

 State of Montana
 1520 East Sixth Ave.
 Helena, MT 59620
                                                             Rick Larson
                                                             (406) 723-3274
                                                             WillSelsar
                                                             (406)433-1010
                                                             Joann Rich/Scott Church
                                                             (406) 721-5700
                                                             Jan Oilman
                                                             (406) 444-3454
Nevada
 Washoe County District Health Department
 Air Quality Management Division
 P.O. Box 11130
 Reno, NV 89520-0027
                                                             Kevin Golden
                                                             (702) 328-2426
New Mexico        Environmental Health Department
                  Air Pollution Control Division
                  P.O. Box 1293
                  Albuquerque, NM 87103
                                           Scott Stapp
                                           (505) 768-2600
Oregon
Jackson County Department of
Planning & Development
County Courthouse
Medford, OR 97501

Klamath County Health Department
403 Pine Street
Klamath Falls, OR 97601

Lane Regional Air Pollution Authority
225 North 5th, Suite 501
Springfield, OR 97477
                                                            Brad Pryor
                                                            (503) 776-7554
                                                            Lou Ellen Kelly
                                                            (503)883-5118
                                                            Marty Douglass
                                                            (503) 726-2514
                                                                                  (Continued)

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 Introduction
                                          Table 1-1
                                          Continued
Oregon
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
811SW Sixth Avenue
Portland, OR 97204-1390
                                                            John MacKellar
                                                            (503) 299-6488
Vermont
Vermont Department of
Environmental Conservation
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, VT 05676
                                                            Dave Manning
                                                            (802)244-8731
Washington         Okanogan County Health District
                  P.O. Box 231
                  Okanogan, WA 98840

                  Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Authority
                  200 W. Mercer, Room 205
                  Seattle, WA 9811°

                  Washington Energy Extension Service
                  914 E. Jefferson #300
                  Seattle, WA 98122-5399

                  Washington Department of Ecology
                  4224 Sixth Avenue, SJE.
                  Rowesix Bldg. 4
                  Olympia, WA 98504-8711
                                          Brad Banner/Sheila Udyouderian
                                          (509) 422-3867
                                          Nadine Maykutt
                                          (206) 296-7330
                                          Mike Nelson
                                          (206) 296-5642
                                          Fred Greef
                                          (206)459-6231
                 U. S. Department of Energy
                 Conservation and Renewable Energy Inquiry
                 and Referral Service
                 Box 8900
                 Silver Spring, MD 20907
                                          1-800-523-2929
                                                                                 (Continued)

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Introduction
                                     Table 1-1
                                     Continued
               U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
               401 M Street, S.W.
               Washington, DC 2Q460
               Mail Code EN 341, Room 3202
Bob Lebens
(202) 382-2874
               U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
               Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
               Air Quality Management Division (MD-15)
               Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Chris Stoneman
(919) 541-0823

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2.    Improving  the  Way You  Burn
       CALIFORNIA
     Bay Area Air Quality
     Management District
 "Residential Woodstoves and Fireplaces"

    ,•  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  EPA's woodstove certification
    Q  Selecting and installing a woodstove
       Fresno County
    Department of Health
 "Woodbuming—Take a Look at the Facts"
    (American Lung Association of Central California)

    • '•  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
  Northern Sierra Air Quality
    Management District
 "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"

    •  Efficient woodbuming practices
    •  How to select the best types of firewood
                             "Woodstove Fuel—Selection and Handling''

                                •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                •  How to select the best types of firewood
  Northern Sonoma County
       Air Pollution
      Control District
"A Woodburner's Guide"
    (Washoe County District Health Department)
                             "Burn Wood Better"
                                (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
 Placer County Air Pollution
      Control District
      COLORADO
 Aspen/Pitkin Environmental
    Health Department
"Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
   (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
"A Burning Issue"

   •  Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
   Q  Description of temperature inversions
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Improving  the  Way  You  Burn
       COLORADO
  Aspen/Pitkin Environmental
      Health Department
 "Make Your Stove a Clean Burner!"

    •  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "What Are Inversions?/Tips on How to Bum"

                                 • Efficient woodburning practices
                                 Q Description of temperature inversions
                              "What to Bum"
                                    Efficient woodburning practices
  Routt County Department
   of Environmental Health
'•'Burning Wood Better"
    (Colorado State University Extension Service)

    •  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
         IDAHO
        City of Boise
    Building Department
                              "Wood Fuel for Home Heating"
                                 (Colorado State University Extension Service)
                                    Efficient woodburning practices
                                    How to select the best types of firewood
                                    Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood
"Let's Clear the Air!"
   (Historical document)

   •  Efficient woodburning practices
   Q  City's PM-10 regulations
   Q  Curtailment responsibilities
   Q  City program for upgrading woodstoves
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Improving  the Way You  Burn
          MAINE
        Department of
   Environmental Protection
"Burn Wood Efficiently"

   •   Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q   How to size, install, and maintain a woodstove
                              "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
                                  (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
        MONTANA
      Butte-Silver Bow
      Health Department
                               "Wood Stove News"
                                  •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                  Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                  Q  EPA's woodstove certification program
"Wood Heat"
   (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)
  Lewis & Clark City-County
      Health Department
"Air Pollution in Helena...It's Something We Can Live Without"
   (Historical document)

   •  Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                               "Good Neighbors Under One Roof
                                  (Historical document)

                                  •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                              "Please.. .For a Healthy Helena"
                                  (Historical document)

                                  •  Efficient woodbuming practices
     Missoula City-County
      Health Department
"How You Burn Makes a Big Difference"

   •  Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Improving  the Way You  Burn
        MONTANA
    Missoula City-County
      Health Department
 "Wood Collection & Storage"

    •  How to select and store the best types of
       firewood for the area
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke

 "Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources &. Conservation)
      State of Montana
                              "Heating with Wood—How You Bum Makes a Big Difference"
                                 (Montana Department of Health and Environmental Services)

                                . •  Efficient woodbuming practices-
         NEVADA
   Washoe County District
     Health Department
                              "Wood Heat"
                                 (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

                                 •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                 Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
                                 Q  State's PM-10 regulations
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                 Q  Different types of woodstoves
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"A Woodburner's Guide"

   • Efficient woodbuming practices
   • How to select and store the best types of firewood
   Q How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
   Q Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "Burning Issues"
                                    Efficient woodbuming practices
                                    How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                    Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood

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Improving  the  Way You Burn
       NEW MEXICO
     City of Albuquerque
        Environmental
      Health Department
 "Answers to All Your Burning Questions"

    •  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Economic programs for woodstove users
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
                              "How About That Fireplace?"

                                 •  Efficient woodbuming practices for fireplaces
                              "How to Bum Wood Without Having Your Health,
                              Budget and Environment Go up in Smoke"

                                 •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                 •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                 Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
         OREGON
       Department of
   Environmental Quality
                              "Bum Smart. A Guide to Efficient Wood Burning"

                                 •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                 •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                 Q  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
"Burn Smart: Good Ideas For Woodstove Users.
Cut Your Costs and Reduce Smoke"

   •   Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q   Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   •   How to select and store the best types of firewood
   Q   How to choose, operate, and maintain a woodstove
   Q   Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Improving the  Way You  Burn
         OREGON
        Department of
    Environmental Quality
"Burn Wood Better"
                                      Efficient woodburning practices
                                      How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                      Comparison of heating efficiency of different
                                      types of firewood
"CleanAir Clint Takes on Particle Pete in the Battle for Oregon's
    (Designed as a teachers guide)

    •  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                                                                      !-**!
                               "Heating with Wood"

                                  •  Efficient woodburning practices
                                  Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                  •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                  Q  How to choose, operate, and maintain a woodstove
                                  Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                               "Keeping Wood Dry: Building Plans for a Two-Cord Woodshed"

                                  •  How to build a woodshed for storing firewood
                                  •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
       Jackson County
        Department of
   Planning and Development
"Build a Solar Wood Dryer"
   (Oregon State University Extension Service)

   •  How to store the firewood
                              ' "Burn Dry Firewood for Safety, Cleaner Burning and Efficiency"
                                  (Oregon State University Extension Service)

                                  •   How to store firewood
                                  •   How to determine if firewood is seasoned

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Improving the Way You  Burn
         OREGON
       Jackson County
        Department of
   Planning and Development
"Do You Have Money to Bum?"
   (Oregon State University Extension Service)

   •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                               "Operate and Maintain Your Wood Stove for Cleaner Burning
                               and Efficiency"
                                  (Oregon State University Extension Service)

                                  •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                  Q  How to use a stove thermometer
                                  Q  Ideal burning temperatures
       Klamath County
  Department of Health Services
"In Klamath County...Paniculate Matters"

    •  Efficient woodbuming practices
    •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
    Q  Description of temperature inversions
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   •Q  Curtailment responsibilities
    •  Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood
       Lane Regional Air
       Pollution Authority
"Burn Smart. A Guide to Efficient Wood Burning"
    (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                               "Heating with Wood"
                                   (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                               "Keeping Wood Dry: Building Plans for a Two-Cord Woodshed"
                                   (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                               "Reduce Pollution"
                                      Efficient woodbuming practices
                                      How to select and store the best types of firewood

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Improving  the  Way You  Burn
        VERMONT
       Department of
  Environmental Conservation
"Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
   (C/.5. Environmental Protection Agency)
       WASHINGTON
   Puget Sound Air Pollution
      Control Authority
"Wood Heating and Air Pollution"
   (Washington State Department of Ecology/Historical document)
                              "The Town of Fircrest—Washington's Model Clean Air City"
                                  (Historical document)

                                  •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                  Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                  Q  Curtailment responsibilities
     Washington Energy
      Extension Service
"Keeping Wood Dry: Building Plans for a Two-Cord Woodshed"
   (Washington State Department of Ecology)
                              "Life, Health and Woodsmoke"
                                  (Washington Insurance Council)

                                  •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                  Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                  Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                              "Using Wood Heating: Advantages and Drawbacks"

                                  •  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                .  Q  Economic advantages (and disadvantages) of burning wood
                              "Wood Fuel"
                                  (U.S. Department of Energy)
                              "Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"
                                  (Washington State Department of Ecology)

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Improving  the Way You  Burn
       WASHINGTON
      Washington State
    Department of Ecology
 "Keeping Wood Dry: Building Plans for a Two-Cord Woodshed"

    •  How to build a woodshed for storing firewood
    •  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                              "If You Bum, Bum Smart"

                                 •  Efficient woodburning practices
                              "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"
                                 (Historical document)

                                 •  Efficient woodburning practices
                                 •  How to select the best types of firewood
                                 Q  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
         U. S. DOE
 Conservation and Renewable
     Energy Inquiry and
      Referral Service
                              "Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"

                                 •  Efficient woodburning practices
                                 Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
                                 O  State's PM-10 regulations
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                 Q  Different types of woodstoves
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"Operating a Wood-Burning Appliance"

   •  Efficient woodburning practices
   Q  Proper chimney maintenance
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   Q  Health effects and safety risks
   Q  How to install and operate a woodstove
                             "Wood Fuel"
                                    How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                    Economic advantages of burning wood
                                    Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood

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Improving the Way You  Burn
        u. s. EPA
    U. S. Environmental
     Protection Agency
"Let's Clear the Air Mechanic"
   (30- and 10-second public service announcements)

   •  Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q  Woodstove maintenance
                          "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"

                             • Efficient woodbuming practices
                             • How to select the best types of firewood
                             Q How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
                             Q Air pollution from woodsmoke

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3.   Facts About  Your  Woodstove
      CALIFORNIA
     Bay Area Air Quality
     Management District
"Residential Woodstoves and Fireplaces"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    •  EPA's woodstove certification program
    •  Selecting and installing a woodstove
   Northern Sonoma County
        Air Pollution
       Control District
"A Woodburner's Guide"
    (Washoe County District Health Department)


"Catalytic Woodstoves"
    (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)


"Certified Woodstoves"
    (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                              "Oregon DEQ-Certified Woodstoves Meeting the
                              1988 Emission Standard"
                                 (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                              "Sizing Woodstoves"
                                 (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
  Placer County Air Pollution
       Control District
"Buying an EPA-Certified Woodstove"
   (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
     COLORADO!
 Aspen/Pitkin Environmental
     Health Department
                             "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
                                 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
"Stove Sizing No: 1"
   (60-second public service announcement)

   •  Importance of selecting correct size woodstove

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Facts  About  Your  Woodstove
      COLORADO
  Aspen/Pitkin Environmental
      Health Department
"Stove Sizing No. 2"
   (60-second public service announcement)

   •  Importance of selecting correct size wocdstove
   Routt County Department
    of Environmental Health
"Woodbuming Stove Operation and Safety"

    •  How to operate a woodstove safely
    •  Descriptions of different types of metal woodstoves
          MAINE
        Department of
    Environmental Protection
"Burn Wood Efficiently"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    •  How to size, install, and maintain a woodstove'
                               "Buying an EPA-Certified Wood Stove"
                                  (US. Environmental Protection Agency)
                               "Residential Wood Combustion"
                                   (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                               "Residential Wood Heaters Certified by the U.S. EPA"

                                   •  Listing of woodstove manufacturers and their addresses,
                                      and woodstove models and efficiency ratings
                                "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Ah-"
                                   (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                "Wood Stove News"

                                   Q Efficient woodbuming practices
                                   Q Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                   • EPA's woodstove certification program

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Facts  About Your Woodstove
        MONTANA
       Butte-Silver Bow
      Health Department
"Wood Heat"
   (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)
                              "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
                                  (US. Environmental Protection Agency)
  Lewis & Clark City-County
      Health Department
     Missoula City-County
      Health Department
       State of Montana
         NEVADA
     Washoe County District
       Health Department
"How Can You Tell If You Are Burning Hot, Smokeless Fires?"
   (Historical document)

   •  How to use a magnetic.stove thermometer
   •  Ideal burning temperatures
"Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources &. Conservation)
"Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices .
    Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    •  Different types of woodstoves
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
 A Woodburner's Guide"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
    •  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
0
d
                               "New Rules for Buying and Selling Wood Stoves"
                                   (Historical document)

                                   •  Discussion of County's woodstove certification program
                                   Q  Curtailment responsibilities

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Facts  About  Your  Woodstove
        NEVADA
    Washoe County District
     Health Department
        OREGON
       Department of
    Environmental Quality
"Wood Stove Appliances and the Sale of Your Home"
   (Historical document)

   •  Advice about the sell of homes with woodstoves
   •  Certification of woodstoves
"Burn Smart. A Guide to Efficient Wood Burning"

   Q   Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q   How to select and store the best types of firewood
   •   How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
   Q   Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "Bum Smart: Good Ideas For Woodstove Users.
                              Cut Your Costs and Reduce Smoke"

                                 Q   Efficient woodbuming practices
                                 Q   Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                 Q   How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                 •   How to choose, operate, and maintain a woodstove
                                 Q   Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "Catalytic Woodstoves"

                                 •  How to select and operate a catalytic woodstove


                              "Certified Woodstoves"

                                 •  How to select an Oregon-certified woodstove
                              "Heating with Wood"

                                 Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                 Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                 •  How to choose, operate, and maintain a woodstove
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Facts  About Your Woodstove
         OREGON
       Department of
    Environmental Quality
 "Sizing Woodstoves"

    •  How to size and choose a woodstove
       Jackson County
     .  Department of
  Planning and Development
"Operate and Maintain Your Wood Stove for Cleaner Burning
and Efficiency"
    (Oregon State University Extension Service)

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    •  How to use a stove thermometer
    •  Ideal burning temperatures
       Lane Regional
   Air Pollution Authority
"Burn Smart. A Guide to Efficient Wood Burning"
    (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                              "Heating with Wood"
                                 (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
        VERMONT^
                              "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
                                 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
       Department of           "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
 Environmental Conservation         (US. Environmental Protection Agency)
     WASHINGTON
     Okanogan County
      Health District
"Okanogan County Health District List of Approved Woodstoves"

   •  Listing of woodstove manufacturers and their addresses,
       and woodstove models and efficiency ratings
    Washington Energy
     Extension Service
"Adding a Catalytic Combustor to an Existing Woodstove"

   •  Economic and burning advantages to using a catalyst
                             "Chemical Chimney Cleaners"

                                 •  How chemical cleaners remove creosote from chimneys

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Facts  About  Your Woodstove
       WASHINGTON
     Washington Energy
      Extension Service
 "Guide to Sizing Woodstoves"

     •  How to size a woodstove
     Q  Advantages of weatherizadon
                              "Installing a Wood Heater"

                                 •  How to install and vent a woodstove


                              "Metal Fireplace Covers"

                                 •  Description of fireplace covers
                                 •  How fireplace covers work and how to install them


                              "Publication to Help You Save Money and Energy!"

                                 •  Listing of publications from the Washington Energy
                                    Extension Office on a variety of woodstove topics


                              "Safer and Cleaner Wood Heat"

                                 •  How to operate and maintain a woodstove
                                 •  How to use a catalytic heater
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                             "Woodburners!  Be Aware"
                                (Washington State Chimney Sweep Guild)

                                •  The role chimney sweeps play in the maintenance of
                                    chimneys and fireplaces
     Washington State
  Department of Ecology
"Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"
    (Washington State Department of Ecology)


"The Wood Heat Factor Evaluating the Risk"
    (30-minute tape directed at insurance agents/underwriters)

    •  How to select, install, and operate a woodstove safely
    •  How to maintain a woodstove and chimney properly

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Facts  About  Your  Woodstove
      WASHINGTON
      Washington State
    Department of Ecology
         U. S. DOE
 Conservation and Renewable
     Energy Inquiry and
      Referral Service
"Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    •  Different types of woodstoves
"Buying A Wood-Burning Appliance"

   •  How to select and install different types of solid-fuel devices
        U. S. EPA
    U. S. Environmental
     Protection Agency
                              "Operating a Wood-Burning Appliance"

                                 Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                 •  Proper chimney maintenance
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                 Q  Health effects and safety risks
                                 •  How to install and operate a woodstove
"Buying an EPA-Certified Wood Stove"

   •  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
   •  EPA's woodstove certification program
                             "Let's Clear the Air. Mechanic"
                                (30- and 10-second public service announcements)

                                Q Efficient woodburning practices
                                • Woodstove maintenance
                             "Residential Wood Combustion"
                                (Article in Control Technology Center News)

                                •  EPA's woodstove certification program
                                Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Facts About Your Woodstove
       U. S. EPA
    U. S. Environmental
    Protection Agency
"Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"

   Q Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q How to select the best types of firev/ood
   • How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
   Q Air pollution from woodsmoke

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4.   HowWoodsmoke Affects Your  Health
      CALIFORNIA
       Fresno County
    Department of Health
 "Woodbuming—Take a Look at the Facts"
    (American Lung Association of Central California)

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
        MONTANA
      Butte-Silver Bow
     Health Department
"Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)
  Lewis & Clark City-County
     Health Department
"Air Pollution Affects Our Health"
    (Historical document)

    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                             "Air Pollution in Helena...It's Something We Can Live Without"
                                (Historical document)

                                Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   Missoula City-County
    Health Department
"An Overview of Air Quality in Missoula, Montana"

   Q  How woodsmoke affects Missoula's air quality
   •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   Q  City's PM-10 regulations
                            "Wood Collection & Storage"

                               Q  How to select and store the best types of
                                   firewood for the area
                               •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                            "Wood Heat"
                               (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

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How Woodsmoke Affects  Your  Health
        MONTANA
      State of Montana
       NEW MEXICO
    City of Albuquerque
      Environmental
     Health Department
 "Wood Heat"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Different types of woodstoves
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
 "Answers to All Your Burning Questions"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Economic programs for woodstove users
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
        OREGON
      Department of
  Environmental Quality
                            "How to Burn Wood Without Having Your Health,
                            Budget and Environment Go up in Smoke"

                               Q Efficient woodbuming practices
                               Q How to select and store the best types of firewood
                               • Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                               Q Air pollution from woodsmoke
                               Q Economic advantages of burning wood
"Bum Smart: Good Ideas For Woodstove Users.
Cut Your Costs and Reduce Smoke"

   Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
   •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
   Q  How to choose, operate, and maintain a woodstove
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                            ''deanAir Clint Takes on Particle Pete in the Battle for Oregon's Skies"

                               Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                               •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                               Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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How Woodsmoke Affects Your Health
         OREGON
       Department of
    Environmental Quality
  "Heating with Wood"

     Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
     •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
     Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
     Q  How to choose, operate, and maintain a woodstove
     Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
       Jackson County
       Department of
  Planning and Development
  "Wood Smoke and Health"
     (Oregon State University Extension Service)

     •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                             "Wood Smoke and Quality of Life"
                                 (Oregon State University Extension Service)

                                 •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
      Klamath County
Department of Health Services
 "In Klamath County.. .Paniculate Matters"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
    Q  Description of temperature inversions
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
    O  Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood
       Lane Regional
   Air Pollution Authority
 "Heating with Wood"
    (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)


•"The Monitor"                   s

    Q  Woodstove curtailment exemptions selected
       by advisory committee and local curtailment
       programs and responsibilities
    Q  News about Lane County's woodstove ordinance
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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How Woodsmoke Affects Your  Health
        VERMONT
    Vermont Air Pollution
      Control Division
      WASHINGTON
  Puget Sound Air Pollution
     Control Authority
 "Backyard Burning"
                                    Addresses health, pollution, and legal issues of
                                    open-air burning
 "Citizens Against Woodstove Fumes" (newsletter)
    (Historical document)

    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Environmental risks from woodsmoke
"Health Effect of Wood Smoke: A Summary Statement"
   (Historical document)

   •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                                                                D
                            "The Town of Fircrest—Washington's Model Clean Air City"
                                (Historical document)

                                Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                Q  Curtailment responsibilities
    Washington Energy
     Extension Service
"Focus on Washington's Wood Stove Regulation
   (Washington State Department of Ecology)
                            "Indoor Air Pollutants Combustion Products"

                               Q Air pollution from woodsmoke
                               • Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                            "Life, Health and Woodsmoke"
                               (Washington Insurance Council)

                               Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                               Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                               •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke

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How Woodsmoke Affects Your  Health
      WASHINGTON
     Washington Energy
      Extension Service
 "Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"
    (Washington State Department of Ecology)
      Washington State
    Department of Ecology
 "Focus on Washington's Wood Stove Regulation"

    Q EPA's certification program
    Q Air pollution from woodsmoke
    • Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q State's PM- 10 regulations
    Q Curtailment responsibilities
                             "Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"

                                Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
                                Q  State's PM-10 regulations
                                Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                Q  Different types of woodstoves
                                •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
       U.S.DOE?
 Conservation and Renewable
    Energy Inquiry and
      Referral Service
                             "Wood Smoke Facts"
                                (Washington State Department of Ecology/Historical document)

                                Q  State's PM-10 regulations
                                •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"Operating a Wood-Burning Appliance"

   Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q  Proper chimney maintenance
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   •  Health effects and safety risks
   Q  How to install and operate a woodstove
    U. S. Environmental
    Protection Agency
"Let's Clear the Air Firefighter"
   (30- and 10-second public service announcements)

   •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke

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How Woodsmoke Affects  Your Health
        u. s. EPA
    U. S. Environmental
     Protection Agency
"Let's Clear the Air Mother and Child"
   (30- and 10-second public service announcements)

   • Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                         "Let's Clear the Air Older Wood Burner"
                            (30- and 10-second public service announcements)

                            • Health effects from breathing woodsmoks
                         "Let's Clear the Air: Smoker"
                            (30- and 10-second public service announcements)

                            • Health effects from breathing woodsmokc

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5.    Environmental  Pollution
       CALIFORNIA
     Bay Area Air Quality
     Management District
 ''Residential Woodstoves and Fireplaces"

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  How EPA certifies a woodstove
    Q  Selecting and installing a woodstove
       Fresno County
    Department of Health
"Woodburning—Take a Look at the Facts"
    (American Lung Association of Central California)

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
  Northern Sonoma County
        Air Pollution
       Control District
"A Woodbumer's Guide"
   (Washoe County District Health Department)
  Placer County Air Pollution
       Control District
      COLORADO
  Aspen/Pitkin Environmental
     Health Department
"Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
   (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
"A Burning Issue"

   Q  Efficient woodburning practices
   Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
   •  Description of temperature inversions
   •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "Make Your Stove a Clean Burner!"

                                 Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                 •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "What Are Inversions?/Tips on How to Burn"

                                 Q Efficient woodburning practices
                                 • Description of temperature inversions

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Environmental  Pollution
       COLORADO
   Routt County Department
   of Environmental Health
"Burning Wood Better"
   (Colorado State University Extension Service)

   Q  Efficient woodburning practices
   •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
          IDAHO
        City of Boise
     Building Department
          MAINE
        Department of
   Environmental Protection
"Let's Clear die Air!"
    (Historical document)

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  City's PM-10 regulations
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
    Q  City program for upgrading woodstoves
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
"Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
    (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
        MONTANA
       Butte-Silver Bow
      Health Department
                               "Wood Stove News"
                                  Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                  •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                  Q  How EPA certifies a woodstove
                                  Q  Different types of woodstoves
"Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)
                               "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
                                   (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
   Lewis & Clark City-County
      Health Department
 "Air Pollution Affects Our Health"
    (Historical document)

    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke

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Environmental  Pollution
       MONTANA
    Missoula City-County
      Health Department
 "An Overview of Air Quality in Missoula, Montana"

   •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   Q  City's PM-10 regulations
                              "How You Bum Makes a Big Difference"

                                 Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                 •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
      State of Montana
         NEVADA
   Washoe County District
     Health Department
"Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)


"Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Different types of woodstoves
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"A Woodburner's Guide"

   Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
   Q  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
   •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "Green-Yellow-Red"

                                 •  Explains the County's color system used to indicate
                                    air quality and how it affects the burning of woodstoves
                                 •  Description of temperature inversions
                             "Pollution Solutions"

                                 •  Measures people can take to reduce air pollution

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Environmental  Pollution
      NEW MEXICO
    City of Albuquerque
      Environmental
    Health Department
 "Answers to All Your Burning Questions"

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Economic programs for woodstove users
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
       OREGON
      Department of
   Environmental Quality
                             "How to Burn Wood Without Having Your Health,
                             Budget and Environment Go Up in Smoke"

                                 Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                 Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                 •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                 Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
"Bum Smart A Guide to Efficient Wood Burning"

   Q  Efficient woodburning practices
   Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
   Q  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
   •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                             "Bum Smart: Good Ideas For Woodstove Users.
                             Cut Your Costs and Reduce Smoke"

                                Q   Efficient woodburning practices
                                Q   Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                Q   How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                Q   How to choose, operate, and maintain a woodstove
                                •   Air pollution from woodsmoke
                             "CleanAir Clint Takes on Particle Pete in the Battle for Oregon's Skies*

                                Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                •  Air pollution from woodsmoke

-------
Environmental Pollution
         OREGON
       Department of
    Environmental Quality
 "Heating with Wood"

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
    Q  How to choose, operate, and maintain a wpodstove
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
       Jackson County
       Department of
  Planning and Development
 "Burning Questions...And Clear Answers"

    Q   Federal PM-10 standard
    •   Measures people can take to reduce air pollution
    •   Air pollution from woodsmoke
                               "PM-10: Reaching Attainment in the Rogue Valley"
                                  (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)

                                  Q  Federal PM-10 standard
                                  •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
      Klamath County
Department of Health Services
"In Klamath County...Paniculate Matters"

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
    •  Description of temperature inversions
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
                                  Q  Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood
       Lane Regional
   Air Pollution Authority
"Burn Smart. A Guide to Efficient Wood Burning"
   (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                              "Heating with Wood"
                                 (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)

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Environmental Pollution
         OREGON
       Lane Regional
    Air Pollution Authority
"The Monitor"

    Q  Woodstove curtailment exemptions selected
       by advisory committee and local curtailment
       programs and responsibilities
    Q  News about Lane County's woodstove ordinance
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsrioke
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
        VERMONT
       Department of
 Environmental Conservation
                              'Tuesday Night Hearing Set on Woodstove Control Plan"

                                  •  Summary of a public hearing to consider measures
                                     to control air pollution from woodsmoke
"Backyard Burning"

   •  Addresses health, pollution, and legal
       issues of open-air burning
      WASHINGTON
  Puget Sound Air Pollution
     Control Authority
"Citizens Against Woodstove Fumes" (newsletter)
   (Historical document)

   Q  State's PM-10 regulations
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   •  Environmental risks from woodsmoke
                              "Life, Health and Woodsmoke"
                                 (Washington Insurance Council)

                                 Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                 •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                 Q  Economic benefits of wood heating
                              "Focus on Washington's Wood Stove Regulation"
                                 (Washington State Department of Ecology/Historical document)

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Environmental  Pollution
       WASHINGTON
      Washington State
    Department of Ecology
 "Focus on Washington's Wood Stove Regulation"
    (Historical document)

    Q  EPA's certification program
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    Q  Curtailment responsibilities
                              "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"
                                 (Historical document)

                                 Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                 Q  How to select the best types of firewood
                                 Q  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
                                 •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                              "Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You'
         U.S.DOE
 Conservation and Renewable
     Energy Inquiry and
      Referral Service
        U.S.EPA
    U. S. Environmental
     Protection Agency
                                 Q
                                 Q
                                 Q
                                 •
                                 Q
                                 Q
       Efficient woodburning practices
       Economic advantages of burning wood
       State's PM-10 regulations
       Air pollution from woodsmoke
       Different types of woodstoves
       Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"Operating a Wood-Burning Appliance"

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  Proper chimney maintenance
    •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Health effects and safety risks
    Q  How to install and operate a woodstove
"Let's Clear the Air: Chimney Sweep"
   (30- and 10-second public service announcements)

   •  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Environmental  Pollution
        u. s. EPA
    U. S. Environmental
     Protection Agency
"Residential Wood Combustion"
   (Article in Control Technology Center News)

   Q  EPA's woodstove certification program
   •  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                          "Wood Stove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"

                             Q Efficient woodbuming practices
                             Q How to select the best types of firewood
                             Q How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
                             • Air pollution from woodsmoke

-------
6.   Economics  of Woodfaurning
      COLORADO
  Aspen/Pitkin Environmental
     Health Department
        MONTANA
      Biitte-Silver Bow
     Health Department
 "A Burning Issue"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    •  Economic advantages of burning wood
    Q  Description of temperature inversions
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
 "Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)
  LewiS & Clark City-County
     Health Department
 "Everything Has Its Price. Even Wood"
    (Historical document)

    •  Worksheet to estimate cost of wood heat
      State of Montana
        NEVADA
   Washoe County District
    Health Department
      NEWMEXICOI
    City of Albuquerque
      Environmental
    Health Department
 "Wood Heat"
    (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    •  Economic advantages of burning wood
    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Different types of woodstoves
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"Wood Stove Appliances and the Sale of Your Home"

   •  Advice about the sell of homes with woodstoves
   Q  Certification of woodstoves
"Answers to All Your Burning Questions"

   Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   •  Economic programs for woodstove users
   Q  Curtailment responsibilities

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Economics  of Woodburning
       NEW MEXICO
     City of Albuquerque
       Environmental
     Health Department
         OREGON
      Jackson County
       Department of
  Planning and Development
 "How to Bum Wood Without Having Your Health,
 Budget and Environment Go up in Smoke"

    Q  Efficient woodburning practices
    Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    •  Economic advantages of burning wood
 "Wood Smoke and Economic Development"
    (Oregon State University Extension Service)

    •  How woodsmoke pollution limits economic
       growth and development
     Lane Regional Air
     Pollution Authority
      WASHINGTON
    Washington Energy
     Extension Service
"Get Your Money's Worth"
    (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)

    •  Economic advantages of burning wood
"Life, Health and Woodsmoke"
   (Washington Insurance Council)

   Q Efficient woodburning practices
   Q Air pollution from woodsmoke
   Q Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   • Economic advantages of burning wood
                             "Publications to Help You Save Money and Energy!"

                                •  Listing of over 75 publications available from
                                   the Washington Energy Extension Service on a
                                   variety of energy-related topics
                             "Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"
                                (Washington State Department of Ecology)

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Economics  of  Woodburning
      WASHINGTON
     Washington State
   Department of Ecology
        U. S. DOE
 Conservation and Renewable
    Energy Inquiry and
     Referral Service
"Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"

   Q  Efficient woodburning practices
   •  Economic advantages of burning wood
   Q  State's PM-10 regulations
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   Q  Different types of woodstoves
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"Wood Fuel"

   Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
   •  Economic advantages of burning wood
   Q  Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood

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7.   Curtailments  and Regulations
       COLORADO
  Aspen/Pitkin Environmental
      Health Department
          IDAHO
        City of Boise
      Building Department
        MONTANA
      Butte-Silver Bow
     Health Department
"Notice to Aspen Property Owners"
    (Historical document)

    •  Explanation of City's odd-even bum days system
    •  Curtailment responsibilities
"Let's Clear the Air!"
   (Historical document)

   Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
   •  City's PM-10 regulations
   •  Curtailment responsibilities
   Q  City program for upgrading woodstoves
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
"Wood Heat"
   (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)
  Lewis & Clark City-County
     Health Department
"Air Pollution Affects Our Health"
   (Historical document)

   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   •  Curtailment responsibilities
    Missoula City-County
     Health Department
"An Overview of Air Quality in Missoula, Montana"

   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
   •  City's PM-10 regulations
                              "Missoula's Air Pollution Reporting System"

                                 •  Curtailment responsibilities


                              "Wood Heat"
                                 (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

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Curtailments and  Regulations
        MONTANA
      State of Montana
         NEVADA
   Washoe County District
     Health Department
 "Wood Heat"
     (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

     Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
     Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
     •  State's PM-10 regulations
     Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
     Q  Different types of woodstoves
     Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
 "Green-Yellow-Red"

    • Explains the County's color system used to indicate
       air quality and how it affects the burning of woodstoves
    Q Description of temperature inversions
      NEW MEXICO
    City of Albuquerque
      Environmental
    Health Department
     *\ OREGON
     Jackson County
      Department of
 Planning and Development
                             "New Rules for Buying and Selling Wood Stoves"
                                (Historical document)

                                • Curtailment responsibilities
                                Q How to choose a woodstove
"Answers to All Your Burning Questions"

    Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
    Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
    Q  Economic programs for woodstove users
    •  Curtailment responsibilities
"Burning Questions...And Clear Answers"

   •  Federal PM-10 standard
   Q  Measures people can take to reduce air pollution
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke

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Curtailments and  Regulations
         OREGON
      Jackson County
       Department of
  Planning and Development
 "PM-10: Reaching Attainment in the Rogue Valley"
    (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)

    •  Federal PM-10 standard
    Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
      Klamath County
Department of Health Services
"In Klamath County...Paniculate Matters"
                                  Q  Efficient woodburning practices
                                  Q  How to select and store the best types of firewood
                                  Q  Description of temperature inversions
                                  Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                  Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                  •  Curtailment responsibilities
                                  Q  Comparison of heating efficiency of different types of firewood
                              "Paniculate Matters"
                                     Plans for a model curtailment program for
                                     premandatory education as it relates to woodburning
       Lane Regional
   Air Pollution Authority
"LRAPA's Voluntary Curtailment Program"

   •  Explains the County's curtailment responsibilities
                              "The Monitor"

                                 •  Woodstove curtailment exemptions selected
                                    by advisory committee and local curtailment
                                    programs and responsibilities
                                 M-  News about Lane County's woodstove ordinance
                                 •  Curtailment responsibilities
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                             'Tuesday Night Hearing Set on Woodstove Control Plan"

                                 •  Summary of a public hearing to consider measures
                                    to control air pollution from woodsmoke

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Curtailments and  Regulations
       WASHINGTON
      Methow Valley Air
       Quality District
 "Methow Valley Air Quality Regulation"

    •  Explains the County's PM-10 regulaiion and
       curtailment responsibilities
   Puget Sound Air Pollution
      Control Authority
 "Citizens Against Woodstove Fumes" (newsletter)
    (Historical document)

    •   State's PM-10 regulations
    Q   Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
    Q   Environmental risks from woodsmoke
                              "The Town of Fircrest—Washington's Model Clean Air City"
                                  (Historical document)

                                  Q  Efficient woodbuming practices
                                  Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                  •  Curtailment responsibilities
     Washington Energy
      Extension Service
"Wood Smoke Facts"
    (Washington State Department of Ecology/Historical document)

    Q  State's PM-10 regulations
    •  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
     Washington State
   Department of Ecology
"Focus on Washington's Wood Stove Regulation"
   (Washington State Department of Ecology)
                              "Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"
                                 (Washington State Department of Ecology)


                              "Focus on Washington's Wood Stove Regulation"

                                 Q  EPA's certification program
                                 Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
                                 Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
                                 •  State's PM-10 regulations
                                 •  Curtailment responsibilities

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Curtailments and Regulations
      WASHINGTON
      Washington State
    Department of Ecology
        U.S. EPA
    U. S. Environmental
     Protection Agency
"Wood Heat, Wood Smoke and You"

   Q  Efficient wdodburning practices
   Q  Economic advantages of burning wood
   •  State's PM-10 regulations
   Q  Air pollution from woodsmoke
   Q  Different types of woodstoves
   Q  Health effects from breathing woodsmoke
"Buying an EPA-Certified Wood Stove"

   Q  How to choose, install, and operate a woodstove
   •  EPA's woodstove certification program and regulations

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Materials
       Residential
       Woodstoves
       and
       Fireplaces
       Bay Area Air Quality
       Management District
       939 Ellis Street,
       San Francisco, CA 94109
       (415)771-6000
                                              The regulation also prohibits the consumer
                                              from removing the stove's permanent label,
                                              from tampering with the pollution control
                                              features of the stove, and, in general, from
                                              operating the woodstove in a manner not
                                              consistent with the directions provided by
                                              the manufacturer.
 How Much Will The Regulation
 Cost The Consumer?
 An EPA-certified woodstove will cost more
 than an otherwise comparable unregulated
 stove. However, for most consumers this
 cost will be more thiin offset by savings
 from reduced firewood consumption (one-
 third to one-fourth less) and less frequent
 chimney cleaning. Iri addition, the new
 woodstoves will allow consumers to be
 good neighbors — by decreasing the
 chance a stove will cause annoyance to
 neighbors, and by contributing to a cleaner
 environment.

 Remember that these regulations apply to
 newly purchased woodstoves and inserts.
 Most existing stoves will be around for a
 long time, and it is important that proper  "
 precautions, as described earlier, be taken
 with these units.
This pamphlet provides answers to com-
monly asked questions about the operation
of woodstoves and fireplaces. If you have
additional questions, you may call the
District at (415) 771-CiOOO, extension 210.
                     "Residential Woodstoves and Fireplaces"
                    (Bay Area Air Quality Management District)

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Materials
       What Is The Bay Area Air Quality
       Management District?
  in the Bay Area are emissions of carbon
  monoxide (CO), since the Bay Area
  presently does not attain the CO standard.
       The Bay Area Air Quality Management
       District (District) is the regional agency in
       the Bay Area that regulates stationary
       sources of air pollution such as factories,
       industrial sites and gasoline stations. The
       District has jurisdiction in nine counties —
       Alameda, Contra Costa, San Francisco,
       San Mateo, Santa Clara, Marin, Napa,
       southwest Solano and southern Sonoma.

       Increasingly, the Bay Area Air Quality
       Management District is receiving inquiries
       from the public regarding residential wood-
       stoves and fireplaces. Many of the callers
       express concern about the amount of
       smoke and pollution they produce, espe-
       cially during stagnant weather conditions.
       This brochure contains some suggestions
       for operating your woodstove or fireplace
       so that air pollution emissions are as low
       as possible. In addition, it contains informa-
       tion on the new Environmental Protection
       Agency (EPA) regulation on woodstoves
       and fireplace inserts.
       What Pollutants Do Woodstoves^
       And Fireplaces Produce?^  ti
       Woodstoves and fireplaces produce several
       types of pollution including particulate
       matter, carbon monoxide and organic
       gases. These pollutants are known to
       cause respiratory and cardiovascular illness
       and can contribute to atmospheric visibility
       problems and property damage. The
       burning of wood in homes is the fastest-
       growing source of air pollution in many
       areas of the United States including Reno,
       Denver and Portland. Of particular concern
  What Can I Do To Reduce
  Pollution From Woodburning?
 One obvious way is to reduce the frequency
 and duration of wopdbuming. If you do bum
 wood in a stove or fireplace, remember that
 woodsmoke is unbumt fuel, some of which
 accumulates in your chimney as creosote
 while the rest exits the stack as smoke. The
 key to reducing air pollution from wood-
 stoves is to bum the fuel more completely.
 Three things make a stove dean-burning —
 how it is designed, how it is installed and
 how it is operated. The following are some
 guidelines for operating your stove or
 fireplace to minimize emissions.

 Purchase the right size stove — If pur-
 chasing a woodstove, carefully determine
 the right size appliance for your needs. A    \
 stove that is too large or too small will be    i
 inefficient, create more pollution and cause
 discomfort. "Size" means the rated heat
 output in British Thermal Units (BTU's) per
 hour. If you are unsure of the correct size"
 stove to purchase, consult an expert such
 as a heating contractor, architect or local
 woodstove dealer. Make sure the stove is
 properly installed. Chimney size and height
 are important for creating sufficient draft
 Information on the new EPA-certified stoves
 is available later in this pamphlet.

 Burn only dry, seasoned wood — Dry
 hardwood has the best combustion effi-
ciency. Softwoods are slightly harder to bum
due to their higher resin content. Do not
bum garbage, plastics or treated wood, as
these can release toxic materials into the
air, in addition to excess smoke and odors.
                           "Residential Woodstoves and Fireplaces"

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Materials
       Coal should be burnt only in a stove specifi-
       cally designed for coal.

       Start the fire with small, dry pieces of
       kindling, and gradually add wood of 4 to 5
       inches in diameter to maintain a hot, clean-
       burning fire. Do not overload. Frequent
       refueling with small loads will result in less
       pollution than fueling less often with larger
       loads.

       Keep the damper open enough to Insure
       an adequate oxygen supply to the fire.
       A more rapid combustion rate generates
       less pollution than slow combustion. Since
       the rate of combustion is at least partially
       dependent on the air supply, the draft
       setting on the stove should be set to allow
       enough air for efficient burning. Smoldering
       fires cause as much as 6 times more
       pollution than hot, clean fires.

       Remember, by operating your stove or
       fireplace in ways that reduce pollution, you
       also save fuel and chimney cleaning costs,
       and reduce the chance of chimney fires. A
       good indicator of efficiency is the amount of
       smoke coming from the chimney. If the fire
       is burning cleanly, there should be little or
       no smoke coming from the chimney once
       the fire is well established.
       When Should I Curtail Use
       Of My Fireplace Or Woodstove?
       During the winter months, when the air is
       stagnant and there is little wind to dilute
       woodsmoke, levels of carbon monoxide
       and particulate matter can quickly build up
       to unhealthful levels. During these times,
       we ask that Bay Area residents curtail
       the burning of wood in fireplaces and
       woodstoves.
 To check air pollution levels, call the
 District's Smog Phone at (415) 673-SMOG.
 The recorded message reports air quality
 conditions in six geographic sections of the
 Bay Area, using the Pollutant Standards
 Index (PSI). If the numerical value in your
 area is near or exceeding 100, the air quality
 may be unhealthful. Under these circum-
 stances, the District .'asks that you curtail
 woodbuming until th» air qualify improves.

 For more information on the PSI, call the
 District's Public Information Office at (415)
 771-6000, ext. 210.
 The New EPA Regulation
 On Woodstoves
 On July 1,1988, the EPA began certifying
 all new fireplace inserts and freestanding
 woodstoves. The new certified stoves have
 been shown in the laboratory to have
 particulate matter (smoke) emissions from
 70 to 90% less than conventional stoves.
 By controlling paniculate matter, other
 pollutants will also bet reduced. It's up to
 consumers, however, to see that stoves
 bum cleanly and efficiently where it matters
 — in homes and in neighborhoods.
                                                        What Does The Regulation Require?
Essentially, the new regulation requires
manufacturers to produce dean-burning
woodstoves. It also requires manufacturers
and retailers to properly label the stoves as
EPA certified, and to include manuals that
provide appropriate operating and main-
tenance instructions. Included on the label
is the heat output range in British Thermal
Units (BTU's), which is important information
to have when choosing the right size stove
for your needs.
                           "Residential Woodstoves and Fireplaces'

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Materials
    WOOD-

 BURNING
A CRACKLING FIRE ON
THE HEARTH, OR A
CHEERY WOODSTOVE
HAS GREAT WINTER-
TIME APPEAL.
MUCH OF THE SMOKE,
HOWEVER, CONTAINS
HARMFUL POLLUTANTS.
HOW DOES THIS
AFFECT US? WHAT
IS A RESPONSIBLE
APPROACH TO WOOD-
BURNING?

Take A Look

At The racist
                                             WOOD BURNING FACTS
                                       Those venturing outdoors on winter evenings
                                       in Central California cities are frequently
                                       greeted by overpowering wood smoke. If you
                                       are sensitive to this irritant, you may suffer from
                                       burning and watery eyes, a scratchy throat,
                                       headaches, difficulty breathing, and even
                                       more severe respiratory difficulties, such as
                                       asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema compli-
                                       cations. Jogging may be hazardous to your
                                       health when the air is smokey, as may be any
                                       strenuous outdoor activity.

                                       Home wood-burning stoves or fireplaces can
                                       produce significant air pollution, the American
                                       Council on Science  and Health has an-
                                       nounced. Measurements in one Oregon com-
                                       munity recently showed that half the paniculate
                                       matter in the air came from residential wood
                                       burning. The problem became so greatthat a
                                       new Oregon law established an accurate
                                       method of testing woodstove emissions, and
                                       with the year 1986, stove manufacturers and
                                       retailers must meet standards requiring that
                                       most gases and materials be burned before
                                       being released in the atmosphere. Aspen and
                                       vail, Colorado, among many cities, also have
                                       serious wood smoke problems and strict wood
                                       burning ordinances are on the books.

                                       COMMON GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEM
                                      San Joaqum Valley towns share this problem
                                      with Portland, Vail, and Aspen, because our
                                      geographies are similar. All are in valleys en-
                                      closed by mountains. When there are tang
                                      periods of stable  air, such as occur in the
                                      winter, a warm inversion layer, often only a few
                                      hundred feet above ground, acts like a lid,
                                      trapping the air and concentrating its pollut-
                 "Woodburning—Take a Look at the Facts"
 (Fresno County Department of Health; American Lung Association of Central California)

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Materials
      ants of carbon monoxide, oxidants, pollens,
      molds, and wood smoke. During the winter our
      main pollutants are paniculate matter and car-
      bon monoxide. Portland research shows that
      wood burning stoves emit about 10 times more
      carbon monoxide on a typical winter heating
      day than the average highway vehicle would
      on a 50-mile trip.

      Fresno Air Pollution Control District engineers,
      for-example, noticed an unusual pattern in the
      daily carbon monoxide levels, which prompted
      a local study on wood burning in 1982, fi-
      nanced  by  the Environmental   Protection
      Agency. During the  winter, carbon  monoxide
      levels in metropolitan Fresno would rise after
      6:00 p.m. It was  previously assumed that the
      majority of carbon monoxide in  Fresno came
      from automobile emissions. However; this rise
      in CO levels  continued long after the heavy
      commuter traffic hours. This pattern did not
      exist outside the metropolitan area. The EPA
      study was conducted to determine how wood
      burning contributes to air pollution in Fresno.
      Results of the study showed that pollution from
     wood burning was substantially higher than
      previously recognized, and mainly  consisted
of carbon monoxide and particulates. This pat-
tern probably threatens other San Joaquin Val-
ley communities also.
 WHATTO DO
 Now that this is offically confirmed locally, what
 can one do about it?
 First, there is no official or unofficial movement
 or feeling that woodstove or fireplace burning
 be restricted or otheiwise controlled locally. It
 is hoped, however, that once the wood burning
public becomes aware of the problem caused
by injudicious burning, they will act in an in-
formed and responsible manner. The obvious
first step is to leam the known facts about wood
burning and its consequences. As part of this
self-education process, one can leam to better
understand the Pollution Standard Index (PSI)
reports given daily in the newspapers and on
radio and television. The PSI can be a guide in
making personal decisions about wood bum-
ing on any particular day. Next, one can per-
sonally observe "Bum" and "No Bum" days in
the valley.  Finally, ttw> use of proper burning
techniques and proper kinds of wood, and the
curtailing of burning at certain times will sub-
POLLUTION
STANDARD
INDEX (PSI) RATING
0-50 Good

60-100 Moderate
•

110-200 Unhealthful




210-300 Very
Unhealthful




350-500 Hazardous

HEALTH WARNINGS





Persons with existing
heart or respiratory
ailments should reduce
physical exertion and
outdoor activity.
Children, elderly, and
persons with existing
heart or lung disease
should stay indoors
and reduce physical
activity.
Everyone should stay
indoors
SUGGESTIONS
FOB
BURNING
Use recommended
techniques
Use recommended
techniques & curtail
hours
Curtail or avoid
burning



Do not bum





Do not bum

                         "Woodburning—Take a Look at the Facts"

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Materials
      THE POLLUTION STANDARD INDEX (PSI)
      This index tells one what the previous clay's
      pollution levels were, and can be used to moni-
      tor general pollution trends. For example, if the
      level one day is 110, and considered unhealth-
      ful, with cold temperatures, fog, and little wind,
      one might expect the poor air to continue.
      Wood burning under these conditions would
      further add to the deteriorating air quality.


      BURN/NO BURN DAYS
      One can also listen to the daily 'Bum* and "No
      Bum" reports. They give the go-ahead to those
      with agricultural burning permits if the pollution
      levels for  that day are expected to fall within
      good rating levels. If the pollution levels are
      poor and a "No Bum" day is announced, every-
      one concerned about pollution should consid-
      er some other form of heat besides fireplaces
      and woodstoves.
      PROPER BURNING TECHNIQUES
       Hardwoods make better fuel than resinous
      softwoods. Use seasoned wood, not green or
      wet wood, which gives off more smoke, par-
      ticulate matter, toxic gases, and less heat.
       Start a fire with paper and dry kindling fol-
      lowed by small sticks. Never use gasoline or
      lighter fluid.
       Feed wood in frequent small amounts. Use
      large wood pieces.
       Maintain a hot fire.
       Maintain sufficient draft to prevent the fuel
      from smoldering; don't overdamp.
       Do not bum trash, garbage, colored paper,
      gift wrap, plastic, or coal (which contains con-
      siderable sulfur, a known threat to health).
       Have the chimney cleaned as necessary to
      prevent creasote buildup, which could be afire
      hazard as well as a producer of additional toxic
      fumes.
       Extinguish fireplace fires before retiring and
      close  chimney flue  to  prevent siphoning
      warmed  house air up the chimney, which
      would occur if the fire was allowed to die out by
      itself.
   Air Pollution
   Asthma
   Bronchiectasis
   Chronic Bronchitis
   Chronic Cough
   Cigarette Smoking
   Cocci (Coccidioldomycotls)
   Common Cold
   Dust Disease
   Emphysema
   Farmer's Lung
   Flu (Influenza)
Ask your

Lung Association
for any of

these leaflets
  Hay Fever
  Histoplasmosis
  Lung Cancer
  Pipe & Cigar Smoking
  Pleurisy
  Pneumonia
  Sarcoidosis
  Second-Hand Smoke
  Shortness of Breath
  TB Outside the Lungs
  Tuberculosis
  Your Lungs
   A community service paid for by 'Christmas Seals.'
           It's a matter of life and breath,*
        AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION
           OF CENTRAL CAUFOH «»A
               234 N. BROADWAY
               FRESNO. CA 93701
       i          (209) 266-5864
       S.          MO 367-5864
American rfc  Lung Association
                        of Central California
                                                    234 N. BROADWAY   FRESNO, CALIFORNIA 93701
                         "Woodburning—Take a Look at the Facts"

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Materials
       WOOD HEATING
                   AND
       AIR  POLLUTION
             NORTHERN SIERRA
                 AIR QUALITY
          MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
   The nation nas exoenencec a recant reoirtr ;n
 «ne use of wood (or residential nesting anc v.s
 areas of Nevaoa. Plumas ana Sierra Counties are
 no exceotion. Burning WOOD  for r.ome neating
 nas become one of the most raoidly growing
 sources of  air  pollution. The oollutants from
 wood stoves include carbon monoxide, organic
 gases, and paniculate materials sucn as smoke
 and soot.
   During every winter for the oast several years.
 we have seen an increase in :ne numoer of
 woodburnmg stoves sold, the numoer of wood
 cutting permits  issued, and the smell of wood-
 smoke in residential neighborhoods. This trend is
 likely to continue as the pnce of fuel oil. elec-
 tricity, and  natural gas continues to rise. By
 following the advice outlined in this  brochure.
 you can get the greatest heating vatue out of your
 wood and help reduce! air pollution for yourself
 and your neighbors.

 CHOOSING A FUEL
1. Bum Seasoned Wood
  Burning green wood is like burning money.
  Dry wood has 50% more heating value than an
  equal weight of green or wet wood. Wet wood
  fouls the chimney vrith dangerous creosote
  and increases air pollution. Firewood should
  be season-dried — at least 6 to 8 months
  before burning in order to provide the cheap-
  est, cleanest, and safest fire. Cover the wood
  and keep it off the ground for at least that long.
  For  clean air  and  Ctest fuel economy, it is
  important to bum wood that is dry and prop-
  erly seasoned.
 BURNING DRY WOOD = DOLLARS SAVED
Z Bum Property Sized Ptecat
  Us* kindling only for starting the fire. For
  continued burning, use  4 to 6 inch thick
  pieces, or larger, depending on the stove size.
  The larger pieces limit the vaporization rate of
  the wood so that the combustibles  can be
  completely burned by an adequate air supply
  available within the move.
                            "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"
                    (Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District)


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Materials
       FIREWOOD PREPARATION

       7. Splitting and Stacking
          Splitting logs Hastens  drying. Stacn soiit or
          small round logs to allow air circulation ana
          leave under cover for 6 to 8 months, if ocssioie.
          This will proviae the best heat yieic ana least
          pollution. As a minimum, cut wooa snouia dry
          at least a full summer. Don't burn wooa in
          Octooer that was cut in September.
            ALLOW ADEQUATE VENTILATION
       2. Storage
         It isn't necessary to store wooa in a garage
         because a simple covering will suffice. The
         idea is to keep moisture off the wood wniie
         drying to allow proper ventilation.

       MAINTAINING A FIRE

       1. Bum Hot
         A choked down, smoldering fire is the worst
         polluter and greatly increases creosote buiio-
         up in the chimney — an efficiency robber and
         possible fire hazard.
           Burn your wooastove or fireplace briskly for
         the first 30 minutes after loaoing. Thereafter.
         keep the fire at a mooerate burn rate rather
         than an oxygen-starved, fiamoereaaown burn
         rate. Also consider not burning on days wnen
         the air quality outside is poor, if you have
         alternate heating sources available.
2. Amid Burning Garbage, fluoown and TV-eared
   Wood
   These aroouce  noxious ana corrosive prod-
   ucts. Unburnea fragments (foil, paper, ptas-
   tics. etc.) can plug gas passages. espec:aily «
   stoves with catalytic comoustors.
     Other materials that should never be burned
   mcluoe aoison ivy. poison oatc. ana cnemicaily
   treatea wood sucn as discarded railroad ties.
   utility poies. ana many yard fences. All emit
   poisonous  fumes and could add  :o  those
   materials that collect in the cnimney. increas-
   ing the possibility of a cnimney fire.

a  Watch For Slgntit
   Visible smoke leaving the top of the chimney
   or lazy flames  m the  firebox are signs of
   incomplete starved - air burning. When this
   occurs, more air is needed to complete the
   burning. To do this, open the dampers, letting
   additional air into the stove.
                               "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"

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Materials
           TIPS FOR REDUCING


          AIR POLLUTION FROM


              WOOD HEATING
     * BURN DRY. CLEAN WOQP. Pirawnnri «h»..M
       be seasoned (dried) at least six to eight
       months before use.

     » BURN BRISKLY THE FIRST 30 MINUTES. A
       hot fire will heat the stove up enough to burn
       the wood completely and cleanly.

     • DO-NOT DAMPER TOO FAR Allow enough
       air into stove to fully comoust the wood. Fires
       that smolder due to lack of air are the worst pol-
       luters. Dont attempt to "hold" a fire overnight
       by reducing combustion air.

     * WATCH YOUR  CHIMNEY. if you can see
       smoke, your wood is not burning completely
       and the air supply to the fire should be  in-
       creased.

     » DO NOTBURN ON POOR AIR QUALITY DAYS.
       Use your oil or  natural gas furnace or elec-
       tricity for heat until the air quality improves in
       your area.

     « DO NOT BURN IN MODERATE TEMPgBA.
       TURES. Stoves that are oamperea aown to  re-
       stnct heat generally pollute more.

     * PCLNQTBURN GARBAGg. VJoarxar*,** ar»oc-
      •signed for Durning wooc. not garoage. trasn.
       treated wood, or plastics. Some-types of plastics
       release toxic fumes when burned.
       BEFORE INSTALL1MC A
                            WOQp
       consioer insulating ano weatnerstnppmg your
       nome to conserve neat better. Conservation anc
       weatnenzatior are the  cneaoes; ways to cut
       heating costs
YOUR COOPERATION
        WILL HELP
KEEP OUR AIR CLEAN
     NORTHERN SIERRA

         AIR QUALITY

  MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
     FOR MORE INFORMATION

        Northern Sierra AOMD
          540 Searis Avenue
        Nevada City. CA 95959
           (916) 26S-1398
                          "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"


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Materials
                                 WXDSTCVE FUEL - SELECTION AM) WNOLINB
            laeauy, Durn wood that has a moisture content between 15-85 percent
                                                                          ;:
                                          * Just
                 rrs
                                                         h»«tens sea.oning,  proper
can
                                     o? Sn
                                           Se*sonin9 "V Protect IHB your stack fro. the r.in or
           (6)  ""* *HftT Ncrr TO a*N - ""•<« sure your wood is clean and free of soil  nud and
                         -                           XSS-BS-
                             .-sxr               11 •""•'• ^-         »»-
           Operating a woodburning appliance EFFICiam.Y is NOT as simple as opening its door
               Remember, a SM«U. HOT FIRE, FREQUENTLY STOKED with'oRY, CLEAN, 3-6" DIAHaTTER FUEL


                                           provides for


                     MAXIMJW OOejSTION = MAXIMA! HEATING VALUE = MINIM1I AIR POLLUTION




                       DEVELOPED BY THE NEVADft COUNTY AIR QUALITY ADVISORY CCMHITTEE
                       "Woodstove Fuel—Selection and Handling"

                    (Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District)


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Materials
          A BURNING ISSUE



             IMMEDIATE  SOLUTIONS

                     TO OUR

               POLLUTION THREAT
          Learn How and When To Burn...
   The  purpose  of  this  pamphlet
  is    to    provide     you    with
  information   on   the   environ-
  mental  impact  of  burning wood
  and on the cost of  using wood for
  heat.
                                                WHAT ABE
                                                Normally smoke and other pollutants are
                                                carried   upward  by  air  currents and
                                                dispersed by  winds. When there  is an
                                                .inversion, a layer of warm air above very
                                                cold air closer to the ground acts as a lid
                                                preventing further upward movement and
                                                trapping the cold air and pollutants below.
                                                When it's cold and clear with little wind,
                                                we are  likely  to be having an inversion.
                                                This  is  when  the levels of pollution
                                                become very high.  Inversions  are very
                                                common in the mountains. PLEASE DO NOT
                                                BURN DURING AN II WERSION.
To  find  out  if we have an inversion,
check  TV   Channel 11  or  12,  local
radio  stations,  or  the   Aspen/Pitkin
Environmental  Health  Department  at
925-2020.
                                 "A Burning Issue"
                   (Aspen/Pitkin Environmental Health Department)

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Materials
        POLLUTION FROM WOODBURNINfi

      Fine Particulates
      Woodbuming   produces    very   small
      particles which can be inhaled and trapped
      in  our  lungs.    Most  dangerous  are
      polycyclic  matter (ROM's), some  of which
      are toxic, some of which cause  biologic
      mutations, and some of which have been
      linked to cancer.

      Aspen sometimes has unhealthful levels of
      particulates.

      Carbon Monoxide  .
      You cannot  see   or smell  this type of
      pollution,  but  it  causes  dizziness  and
      headaches,    breathing   problems,   and
      difficulty  with   vision,  hearing   and
      judgement.

      Indoor Air Pollution
      New energy-efficient homes can trap many
      pollutants given off by wood and can result
      in inside pollution levels  higher than those
      outside.   A  leaky   or  poorly  operated
      woodstove  or fireplace  can  cause  high
      levels of pollutants in your home.

      Clean  your   chimney often  to let  your
      fireplace or stove bum  efficiently!
     AIR POLLUTION IS ESPECIALLY HARD ON
     CHILDREN, OLDER PEOPLE, THE ILL AND
     THOSE NOT USED TO OUR HIGH ALTITUDE
     WITH ITS LOW OXYGEN CONTENT.
 DON'T  ELECTRICITY AMP
 NATURAL GAS ALSO POLLUTE?

 Very  little  compared to wood, according
 to  information  from  the  Brookhaven
 National  Laboratory.  The  graph  below
 illustrates  how wood stacks up compared
 to another fuel used for home heating:
   1500
   1000
    300
                 fOUUTIOK

                   VS OIL FURNACE
      woodBtov*  oil
             Carnac*
       mmagjots
WHAT DOES IT REALLY
 COST TO HEAT WITH WOOD?

For  Fireplaces:  The Colorado Health
Department  says  that  for  a  typical
fireplace, it  is  cheaper  to  heat  with
natural gas unless you can get your wood
for less than $17.00 per cord.

For Stoves:  You have to be able to get
wood  for less  than $87.00  per cord  to
make even an efficient stove  cheaper, and
that's   including  all  of  the  costs  of
getting  the wood.
                                    'A Burning Issue'


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                                                        YOU HOLD THE KEY!!
          TIPS FOR HOW TO BURN
    To cut pollution and save money, follow
    these simple rules:

    1. BEFORE  BURNING,  CHECK  WITH TV
    SKI  REPORT, LOCAL RADIO STATIONS,
    OR  LOCAL  HEALTH   DEPARTMENT AT
    (303)  925-2020   FOR   INVERSION
    INFORMATION.  PLEASE DO NOT BURN
    DURING THESE TIMESIII

    2. Do  not   build  a  fire   if   you  are
    leaving for work,  dinner,  or skiing, or
    about to go to sleep. Unattended fires are
    dangerous and add greatly to air pollution
    because they smolder for hours.

    3. Build  small,  hot firesll   Add small
    amounts of wood only when needed.

    4. Use your stove with the air  intake at
    least one-third open.  If you need  less
    heat, build a smaller fire.

    5. Bum hot for twenty minutes before
    damping-down or closing doors.

    6. Go outside and check your chimney for
    smoke.  Correct  burning produces no
    visible smoke.

    7. New certified  stoves use a third  less
    wood and reduce paniculate emissions by
    about 90%.

    8. Cover your wood.  Store it split  and
    covered for at least six months before you
    burn it.
          CORRECT
A small, hot, cloan-buming fire.
          WRONG
A smoldering, damped-down fire.

 YOUR CHIMNEY TELLS ALL
                                  "A Burning Issue'


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Materials
           Aspen/Pltkln Environmental
           Health Department
        MAKE  YOUR
                  STOVE
              A  CLEAN
             BURNER!
                                                        X)
          REALLY
      CAUSE
   THAT  MUCH
POLLUTION?
                                            According to a study done by the
                                          Brookhaven National Laboratory, an
                                          uncertified woodstove used to heat a
                                          typical house produces 1500 times
                                          more participates than does an oil
                                          furnace used to heat the same house!

                                            Woodsmoke contains at least 19
                                          cancer-causing chemicals, including
                                          benzopyrenes, methylcholanthene, and
                                          dibenzocarbazoles.
         Printed on Recycled Paper
                     "Make Your Stove a Clean Burner"
                (AspenlPitkin Environmental Health Department)

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Materials
               THINGS  YOU   CAN   DO
        TO   REDUCE   POLLUTION
      FRO
     1. If you have a
     stove not
     certified by the
     State Health
     Department as
     a clean-burner,
     replace it with a
     certified, clean-
     burning stove.
     The certified
     stove will burn
     1/3 less wood,
     and will cause
     much less air
     pollution!

     There is a
     program
     whereby some-
     one wanting to
     install an extra
     fireplace may
     buy you a new,
     clean-burning
     stove, or pay to
     install gas logs
TOVE
       in your fireplace. Contact the
       Aspen/Pitkm Environmental
       Health Department for details at
       920-5070.

       2. Make sure your wood is dry -
       store it for at least 6 months,
       covered, before you burn it.

       3. Build small, hot fires instead
       of smoldering ones.

       4. Avoid burning on clear, cold,
       still days, when inversions trap
       pollution near the ground.

       5. Consider doing without a
       stove or fireplace, to help our air!
         Clean Air - It's up
      to Us!
                       "Make Your Stove a Clean Burner"

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Materials
       WHAT ABE IHVERSIOMS?
  They are  weather events  that
  happen very  often  in narrow
  mountain valleys.

  When heavy, cold air drains down
  into  the  valleys  from the high
  mountains above/  it stays right
  over  town since the  air  is so
  dense.  Warm air above acts like
  a lid, keeping the cold air and
  pollution right in our towns.

  Inversions happen when skies are
  clear, temperatures are cold and
  there  is  little wind.   This is
  when a very small number of cars
  on   the  road and  burning
  fireplaces  can  cause  high
  pollution levels.

  On inversion  days,  please  help
  our  community  by walking  or
  taking the bus and waiting until
  the inversion  breaks  to build a
  fire in your fireplace.
  To  find  out  if we  have an
  inversion,   check  Aspen TV
  stations, local  radio  stations
  or  call the Aspen/Pitkin
  Environmental Health Department
  at 925-2020.  extension 213.
      TIPS Cm HOW TO BTOH

To  help  our  community clean-air
effort,  please  follow  these
simple suggestions:

1.   BEFORE BURNING, CHECK WITH
THE TV SKI REPORT,  LOCAL RADIO
STATIONS  OR  LOCAL  HEALTH
DEPARTMENT (925-2020) FOR
INVERSION INFORMATION.   PLEASE
DO  NOT  BORN DPRIMG  INVERSION
SUffiSLL
2.   DO  NOT  BOILD  A FIRE IF YOU
ARE ABOUT TO LEAVE FOR WORK,  GO
TO DINNER,  GO SKIING  OR GO  TO
SLEEP.   UNATTENDED FIRES 'ARE
DANGEROUS  AND  ADD  TO AIR
POLLUTION BECAUSE THEY SMOLDER
FOR SEVERAL  HOURS.

3.   BUILD  SMALL, HOT  FIRES1 1
ADD  SMALL AMOUNTS OF WOOD ONLY
WHEN NEEDED.

     AVOID USING  YOUR FIREPLACE
IN THE MORNING,  WHEN INVERSIONS
ARE MOST LIKELY.

Thank yon for your cooperation
in helping  to keep Aspen's air
clean.   Enjoy your visit11
                 "What Are Inversions?/Tips on How to Burn"
                (Aspen/Pitkin Environmental Health Department)


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Materials
             Proper Stove  Operation Script:  60 Seconds
             2idaa                '                   Audio
             Chimney sweep pulling brush out of
             chinmey
             Cut to  interior.  Sweep  helps man
             build fire in stove.'
            Cut to exterior.  Chinmey sweep
            leaving house.
            Tag
 "You know,  I clean chimneys for a
 living.   And I've seen a lot of
 flues in my time.  Take it from me:
 there are only two ways to burn.
 There's  a right way and a wrong way.
 Let's go in and talk to the owners
 about a  few do's and don'ts.*

 First, you  should buy the properly
 sized stove, one liko this one.  And
 you should buy one of. the new low
 polluting stoves.   Don't  overload
 your stove.   Make snuill fires that
 burn hot and add just: a few pieces
 of wood when necessary instead of
 stuffing your stove like you're
 doing.  This only  creates a
 smoldering fire.   Also, don't damper
 that  stove.  All that does is send
 your heat up the chimney where it
 gets wasted, and causes creosote and
 air pollution.

 Remember, control the amount of heat
 you get by the amount of wood you
 add and not  by adjusting the
 dampers.

Use less  fuel instead.  That way
you'll get more heat i:rom  less wood,
you won't have to buy as much wood,
and the air will be cleaner.
                                 "Proper Stove Operation"
                     (AspenlPitidn Environmental Health Department)
                                           mm?

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Materials
     Stove Sizing #1:  60 Seconds

     Video

     Medium shot boy and girl playing a
     board game  in front of wood stove
 Audio

 GIRL:
"Boy it's hot in here!"
                                              BOY:   "Yeah,  I guess Dad didn't read
                                              this  pamphlet on how to buy the
                                              right size stove.  We learned about
                                              that  in  school today."
                                              GIRL:
                                              here?1
        "But why is it so hot in
    Key tag over live action
 BOY:  "Because Dad bought this big
 stove so he didn't have to add wood
 all the time.  Then it gets too hot
 so he has to shut the dampers,  which
 cools off the room, but also causes
 a lot of smoke."

 GIRL:  "But why can't we shut the
 dampers?"

 BOY:  "Because closing the dampers
 shuts off the air supply,  causing a
 smoldering fire.   This produces  '
 large amounts of pollution.   That's
why we can't shut the dampers.

GIRL:   "I guess  that means when
buying a stove, bigger is not
better.   I think  what Charles is
trying to say is  that buying a stove
that is  too big wastes wood, causes
chimney  fires, and pollutes the air.
So,  please learn  how to burn."
                                "Stove Sizing No. 1"
                   (AspenlPitkin Environmental Health Department)


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Materials
    Stove Sizing #2: 60 Seconds

    Video

    Two men greet each other at door
    Cut to living room sofa in
    foreground, stove in back.
    The two men enter and sit.
    Time passes.   Bill is  lying back on
    sofa; his tee-shirt is wet with
    perspiration.
    Tag keyed over live  action
 Audio

 BILL:   "Hey Bob, how's it going?"

 BOB:   "Hey Bill."

 BILL:   "Game started yet?"

 BOB:   "No, in a couple minutes."

 BILL:   "Well, I brought some more
 refreshments.  Boy it's kind of hot
 in here.*

 BOB:   "Yeah, I just bought this big
 brand  new stove.  Guess it is a
 little warm.  You know, these
 suckers sure are hard to adjust."

 BILL:  "Then you ought to learn to
 operate it so it's not smoking so
 much outside.  I've got a stove at
 home that's only about half that
 big.   It heats my house just fine
 and it doesn't smoke like this one.
 It's one of those new clean burning
 stoves."

 BOB:   "Yeah,.well I never have to
 add wood,  just stuff it full.   Look,
why don't you take your sweater
 off!"

 "Hmm.  I guess  it could be  a little
bit big for this house."
NARRATOR (voice  ovctr):  Buying a
stove that is  too big wastes wood,
causes chimney fires, and pollutes
the air.   Buy  a  small clean stove
and use it correctly.  Ask your
local environmental, health
department for advice.
                                "Stove Sizing No. 2"
                   (Aspen/PitJdn Environmental Health Department)"

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Materials
    What to Burn Script: 30 Seconds
    Video

    Still shot mountains
    Shots of chimneys
    Tag
Audio

Host people think the real "Rocky
Mountain High"  is clean air.   But
wood burning pollution is making the
air less and less healthy.  Time has
run out.  Pollution in some of our
small towns is  actually worse than
in many large cities.

Learn how to burn.  For instance,  do
not burn when winds are light or
when there is a visible haze.   Never
burn during air quality alerts.  And
if you must burn, have a small hot
fire,  never a smoldering one.   If
you have questions, call your county
environmental health office.   It's
time we learned how to burn.
                                 "What to Burn"
                   (AspenlPitidn Environmental Health Department)


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Materials
        LETS   CLEAR
             THE   AIR!
 & oise has an air pollution problem during the
 winter. This pollution is caused by a combination
 of automobile emissions, wood smoke and air
 inversions. During an Inversion, pollutants are
 trapped in the air and contribute to respiratory
 problems, eye irritation, and headaches.

 y n an effort to resolve this problem, the City of
 Boise has adopted two ordinances.

 Ordinance #4946 requires that as of July 1,
 1987, only wood burning appliances which have
 been certified as "clean burning" by the Oregon
 Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) may
 be sold or installed in the City of Boise.

 Ordinance #4946 also establishes an incentive
 program to encourage Boise City residents with
 an old stove or fireplace insert to upgrade to a
 new clean burning appliance. Loans are currently
 available at a 2% annuiil fee in lieu of interest
 Applicants may select repayment terms from 1 to
 5 years. Following is an example of a "typical"
 loan:
   Cost of new stove
    (including installation) ......... $1,000.00
   Repayment term
    (selected by applicant) ........... 5 years
   Loan initiation fee
    (2%x5x 1,000) .. ...............  $100.00
   Monthly payment (1,100 *60) ...... $ia33

 /hose participating in the incentive program
must agree to give their existing appliance to the
City of Boise or its designee when the
replacement appliance is installed.
                                                        he incentive program is for replacement of
                                                     existing wood burning appliances only. No loans
                                                     will be made to new useirs ot wood burning '
                                                     appliances.
                                                        or those using wooti.or coal as their sole
                                                    source of heat, low interest loans are available to
                                  "Let's Clear The Air!"
                            (City of Boise Building Department)
                                    (Historical document)

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Materials
      finance the installation of another heating system
      such as electricity, natural gas, oil or propane.
      The terms of this program are:
         Maximum Loan ................... $3,000.00
         Interest Rate ....................... . ..... g%
         Repayment Term  .................. 15 years
         Monthly payment per 1 ,000  . . . : ...... $8.44

      WO INCOME  LIMITS APPLY ON  EITHER
                    LOAN PROGRAM

      Ordinance #4944 mandates that an air quality
      atert be declared when paniculate levels reach
      the unhealthful category and air stagnation
      conditions are forecasted tor at least 24 hours.
      Should this occur, the public will be notified by
      the news media that all wood burning must be
      stopped within  a three-hour bum down period.
      The burning ban WILL BE enforced during an air
      quality alert. Complaints about violations will be
      taken at 342-6423.
         xemptions to the burning ban may be
      granted in the following situations:
      1 . A solid fuel heating appliance is the sole
        source of heat for the building in which it is
        located, or
      2. That using an alternative heating system
        would cause an unreasonable economic
        hardship, or
      3. The solid fuel heating appliance is certified by
        the Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality as
        clean burning.

      /n any case, applications for exemption must
      be made in writing and addressed to City of
      Boise, Building Dept.. P.O. Box 500, Boise, ID
      83701.

       /he Solid Fuels Heating Appliance Appeals
      and Advisory Board will hear all appeals
      regarding denial of woodstove permits and/or
      exemptions.
  ^guarantees           ,     °"'""i,L,
  that no matter how         ,  ;         .
  cold it-43t outside or how      .  '  .  . '
  smoky or how  inverted the air is. V'._••      •
  you'll always be able to use your wood stovo.
  That's because it only comes on high oiiici-'-nc/-
  "clean burning" stoves. And stoves thai don't,
  burn clean, that will pollute the air. will not he
  allowed to be used during air stagnation aierts .
  after January 1, 1987. The only exception will be.
  if your stove is your only source of heat. So if
 you're buying a new wood stove, get one that';
 you can, use anytime in any weather; LOOK for the
 Good Housewarming Seal and get a new?high-7
' efficiency stove: For more information,  callfe,;/
, 342-NICE^.v*;?^'::;>,;- W;:y--« ^x^iSv
                                       "Let's Clear The Air!"

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Materials
                 CLEAN
              BURNING
                  IDEAS
        1. DONT BANK AT NIGHT
           Banking your stove (loading it with
           enough wood to burn all night) is
           the biggest cause of wood smoke
           pollution. Instead, load it to V* to Vi
           capacity, leave the air inlets open
           and allow the fire to burn out, OR
           bury the coals in two to three inches
           of ash prior to going to bed. The fire
           will then light easily in the morning.

        2. BURN DRY WOOD
           Wood with a moisture content of
           less than 25% produces more
           usable BTUs and less smoke and
           creosote than green wood. Freshly
           cut wood should be split, stacked,
           covered and allowed to dry at least
           six months before it's burned.

        3.  ONLY USE WOOD
           Wood is the only appropriate fuel
           for a wood stove. Don't burn
           railroad ties, trash, plastic or colored
           paper.

        4.  KEEP YOUR CHIMNEY
           CLEAN
           During the wood burning season
           that means having it cleaned at least
           once a month.

        5.  BUY WISELY^
           If you're purchasing a wood stove,
           buy the right size. Make sure it's a
           clean burning stove. Install it
           properly and have it inspected.  Be a
           wise consumer.
 ••'••,,V.. . i.
 -•r-'W-7
 ... -."?. i.
 ,!.:•*'•;: •:•.
 •••'2f«
NO  MORE
    NICE GUY.
 v^l^it's bad for our air, bad for our health a)
 >»fQr:buf. city.  •                 V^
 ::i>'v"So bad that Boise has found i t necessary'to".'
 '-•Vpass new laws regulating wood stoves.    ".' • ••«"
 *'•': "Frankly, the situation we find ourselves trr-
 •  demands them. In fact some call the new laws;
 '•'.acts of self-defense.                  '-.'_ ':
 ;;'.. YfWtost  of the new laws deal with inefficient
 .•X'wQOd stoves, but there are new high .efficient, =
 ^wood stoves available that Boise City thinks so '-
 |*i5riuch of we'll help you buy one."             -
       you  presently own an  inefficient wood
     ye, the City of Boise will loan you the money'
        a new high efficient  one at very low
        •fitjrxji
        rates.
^^^these new stoves will not only do nice things
     your wallet. They bum less wood, and you
     use them all the time - which under one of
    Knew laws won't be true for inefficient stoves.
   -vfo find out more about the low interest loans
         to find the new high efficient stoves,
              And p|ease< help ^ have nfce,'
           •tong."       .
                                 "Let's Clear The Air!"


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Materials
       BURN
       WOOD
 INTRODUCTION

     Residential 'woodburning has
 become increasingly popular as the
 prices of hone heating fuels es-
 calate.  It is not uncoonon to be
 driving along a Miine road and see
 wood smoke curling from a number
 of chimneys.  Oveic half of all
 Maine households jaresently burn
 wood as their primary or supple-
 mentary source of space heat.

     Wood win be burned in Maine
 hones well into the future because
 it is reasonably priced and revl-
 ily available. Increased wood-
 burning means increased safety
 hazards,  fires,  arid wood smoke
 pollution.

     • Poor wood stove instal-
       lations and incorrect
       burning practices  result
       in fires.

     • Wood  smoke  pollution is
       caused by the incomplete
       combustion  of wood. Wood
       smoke  contains over 100
       different 'Chemicals and
       compounds.  Particles in
       the smoke can ledge deep
       in the lungs where they
       can cause or contribute to
       respiratory problems.

     • One group (if  these res-
       pirable pairticles is
       called polycyclic organic
       matter or 1.13*6.  POMS con-
       tain some chemicals that
       are known or suspected
       carcinogens!.

    Fortunately, the steps a
wocdburner can take to.burn wood
safely and nore efficiently are
the sane steps that  can help de-
crease wood smoke pollution.
                            "Burn Wood Efficiently"
                  (Maine Department of Environmental Protection)

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Materials
SIZE  YOUR
PROPERLY
                        WOODSTOVE
        One of the biggest mistakes
     woodburners make is to size their
     woodstove too large for the space
     they intend to neat.  A house with
     an average amount of insulation
     will lose about 45 Btu's per
     square foot per hour, while a
     house with many large windows may
     lose an additional 60%.  A super
     insulated house may lose only
     around 23 Btu's per square foot
     per hour.

        A stove that is sized too large
     for the space to be heated will
     have to be over damped, a process
     that increases the safety hazards
     of fire from creosote and health
     problems from air pollution.  A
     properly sized stove will be able
     to heat your desired space even on
     the coldest days.
     2
PURCHASE EFFICIENTLY
DESIGNED WOODBURNING
EQUIPMENT
        Research is developing better
     designed  fireboxes, drafts, cata-
     lytic combustors, and other wocd-^
     burning device modifications that
     inprove combustion and reduce
     woodsmoke pollution.  When you
     purchase  a new woodburning device,
     consider  purchasing one that is
     better designed and more efficient
     than your present one.
                                         3
                                                           CHECK  FOR SAFE
                                                           INSTALLATION
                                            The minimum clearance from the
                                         stove's heating surface to com-
                                         bustible materials  is  36 inches
                                         and for stovepipe is 18 inches.
                                         These clearances can be decreased
                                         by the use of appropriate surface
                                         protectors.  (Check with your
                                         local fire official.)
                                         Minimum- Cleorcwvcw
                                                   Stovepipe
                                                t&Bszifa&r*-
                                                     36" (torn, stave. Heating surface te comb«**ibJ«
                                             Stbvr-
                                         ftateciiorv
                                           4
BURN ONLY  THE  FUEL
YOUR STOVE
IS DESIGNED TO BURN
                                           Certain fuels  should not be
                                        burned  in  an  ordinary stove, be-
                                        cause they barn too hot for the
                                        stove design  and  can create a fire
                                        hazard.  Coal must have both a
                                        primary and secondary air supply.
                                        The primary air supply mast corns
                                        from  below the coal, whereas the
                                        primary air supply for wood comas
                                        in over the top of the fire.  If
                                        your  unit  is designed to barn
                                        either wood or coal by changing
                                       grates or other modifications,
                                        then you. can burn either fuel as
                                        long as  you do the proper  ncdifi-
                                       cations  before burning.
                                  'Burn Wood Efficiently'


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Materials
           Trash should not be burned in a
        stove.  In addition to increasing
        the chance of igniting a chiimey
        fire, certain plastics and other
        trash emit harmful chemicals and
        gases.
               BURN SEASONED WOOD
           Wood burns in stages.  First,
        the wood is heated to evaporate
        and drive off moisture.  Green
        wood can contain up to 50% of is
        weight in water.  The heat needed
        to drive off this water does not
        heat your stove or house, but is
        necessary before the volatile
        matter can be vaporized.  These
        vapors contain over half of the
        heating value of the wood.  Burn-
        ing seasoned wood increases the
        efficiency of the combustion pro-
        cess, which helps decrease the
        amount of creosote buildup in your
        stovepipe and chimney.
        6
BURN  SMALL HOT FIRES
           A small hot fire decreases the
        amount of creosote and increases
        the efficiency of the combustion
        process, because the volatiles are
        burned more completely.  A small
        hot fire -produces fewer safety
        hazards and health problems than a
                                     fire that is over daiiped.  Even
                                     though small hot fires  nean  acre
                                     frequent loading and  tending of
                                     the stove,  the improved efficiency
                                     and decreased air pollution  are
                                     worth the effort.

                                      Little. Creosote. FbttnCioi-    | ,
                                       Uttie.
                                                     fiowung pve.
                                       A smoldering fire has a heavy
                                    creosote potential.  The wood is
                                    not burned efficiently and the
                                    safety hazards and health problens
                                    are nuch greater than with a small
                                    hot fire.  The indoor air pollu-
                                    tion can also be inc»sased with a
                                    firebox packed with wood.

                                       Whenever you load your stove,
                                    always be sure that ti« flue and
                                    stovepipe dampers  are open.
                                    Slowly open the firebox door to
                                    allow the fire to  adjust to the
                                    increased air flow.  This win
                                    also help carry smoke up the flue,
                                    instead of into the house.
                                                     Heavy Gtoscte. Pbfe*vti
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Materials
      7
   INSTALL  A  STACK
   THERMOMETER
 10
WEATHERIZE  YOUR

 HOUSE
         A stack thernorreter can help
      you monitor the tenperature of'the
      gases as they leave the stove.
      The mast efficient and least pol-
      luting tenperature range for the
      gases is about 300 to 400 F.
      8
  REMOVE  EXCESS  ASHES
         Excess ashes can clog your
      stove's air intaked vents and
      decrease the amount of oxygen and
      turbulence required for efficient
      wood burning.
                                              Insulation, storm windows,
                                           weatherstripping, and caulking can
                                           all reduce energy consumption for
                                           wocdburners.  They also decrease
                                           the amount of wood required  to
                                           heat your house, which will  help
                                           decrease the amount of air pollu-
                                           tion.
                                                      CONCLUSION
   Wood is one of  feine's most
inportant renewable  resources.
With proper management and effi-
cient utilization, wood can be one
long term solution to  Maine's
energy problems.
     9
CLEAN   YOUR STOVEPIPE
AND  CHIMNEY
         Your stovepipe and chimney
      should be cleaned an absolute
      mininuin of once a year or whenever
      the creosote builds up to a 1/4"
      thickness.
        The following agencies funded
    this publication and ace good
    sources of additional information:

    Maine Office of Energy Resources
    Statehouse Station 153
    Augusta, ME 04333 (207)289-3811

    Maine Department of Enpironaantal
   ' Protection
    Statehouse Station 117
    Augusta, ME 04333 (207)289-2437

    State Fixe Marshal
    Statehouse Station IS2
    Augusta, * 04333 (207)289-2481

    Maine Lung Association
    128 Setoll Street
    Augusta, ME 04330 (207)622-6394
                                   "Burn Wood Efficiently"


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Materials
   Air Pollution
      Affects
    Our Health
 Woodbuming is Helena's major
  winter air polluting problem.
 Cancer causing compounds are
    present in wood smoke.

  Air pollution can cause health
 problems, even in healthy adults.
 such as sore throats, coughs, runny
  noses, headaches & nausea.

 Children. Pregnant Women. Elderly
   Persons with heart and lung
  disease, joggers and smokers
 	are especially at risk.
  What does a Poor Air
Quality Advisory Mean?

   There is an increased health risk
     to all residents and all wood
     burning should fc>e stopped.


  What Should I Do During
      A Poor Advisory?
                                   0 Don't use your v/oodstove or
                                    fireplace
                                   • Limit outdoor physical activity.
                                   * Restrict driving to necessary
                                    trips only.
   For the most up>-to-date
         Information

       24 Hr. Air Quality
         Conditions

           443-1934
                   "Air Pollution Affects Our Health"
              (Lewis & Clark City-County Health Department)
                         (Historical document)

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Materials
 AIR POLLUTION IN HELENA
                  IT'S SOMETHING WE CAN LIVE WITHOUT
  It's not hard to see that Helena's air quality has deteriorated the last few years
  Much of our wintertime air pollution comes from improper burning of wood stoves
  Th,s type of pollution can be reduced - and the place to do it is at home.

  When burning a wood stove, be a good neighbor.

  Go outside and check your chimney - if you burn correctly, you'll see the difference.

                        WE'LL ALL SEE THE DIFFERENCE!


              FOR 24 HR. AIR QUALITY CONDITIONS CALL 443-1934
                      Lewis and Clark City County Health Department
                           316 M. Park. Helena, MT 59623
                               443-1O1O Ext. 351
          'Air Pollution in Helena...lt's Something We Can Live Without"
                 (Lewis & Clark City-County Health Department)
                              (Historical document)


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Materials
      THERE ARE TWO WAYS TO BURN A WOOD STOVE:

  THE RIGHT WAY                                THE WRONG WAY

                   -a hot, smokeless fire                      -a polluting, damped-down fire

 BURNING THE RIGHT WAY WILL CUT DOWN THE SMOKE FROM YOUR STOVE

 AND WILL HELP US ALL LIVE WITHOUT AIR POLLUTION:
 TO BEGIN WITH. HAVE YOUR STOVE SIZED PROPERLY FOR YOUR NE',EDS
      Too large a stove means damped-down smoldering fires.

 USE ONLY DRY, WELL-SEASONED, MEDIUM-SIZED WOOD
      This means cutting, splitting, and storing wood early in the season.

 START YOUR FIRE WITH SMALL, DRY KINDLING TO ESTABLISH A HOT FLAME
      If done carelessly, this start-up period is often the most polluting.

 DON'T PACK TOO MANY LOGS INTO YOUR STOVE
      Smaller, hotter, fires are more efficient and less polluting.

 KEEP AIR INTAKES/DAMPER OPEN ENOUGH TO MAINTAIN A CLEAN HOT FIRE
      Pollution skyrockets when large fires smolder with no air.

 CHECK AND CLEAN YOUR CHIMNEY ON A REGULAR BASIS FOR CREOSOTE
      Creosote causes chimney fires and decreases efficiency.

 FOLLOW THE HEALTH DEPARTMENTS ADVISORIES AMD REDUCE BURNING WHEN WARNINGS ARE ISSUED.
            'Air Pollution in Helena...It's Something We Can Live Without"

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Materials
       Help reduce
        wintertime
       air pollution
         in Helena

          Bum  the
         right kind
          of wood
       in  your  stove.
             GOOD
          NEIGHBORS
            UNDER
          ONE ROOF
   Proper wood collection & storage
    will cut down on air pollution,
   get you more heat with less wood,
     and reduce creosote buildup
so there is less chance of chimney fires.
      To reduce air pollution and
        increase heat output
     just follow these three steps:
 Cut Wood Early
  — Late Spring or Summer is best.
     This allows wood to dry and
     season, which will cut down on
     air pollution.

 Collect  the Right
    Kind of Wood
  — Cut only natural, untreated
     wood and make sure it's dead.
  — The most common wood cut in
     the Helena area is Douglas Fir &
     Lodgepole Pine which are two
     of the best trees  to cut.
  — Don't collect things such as
     railroad ties, fence posts etc.
     These woods have been treated
     and will add to the air pollution.

Split & Store Properly
  — Splitting before stacking helps
    the wood dry out.
  — Stack in alternating directions
  — Store it off the ground
    & keep it covered.


  Lewis & Clark Co.

     Health Dept.

    (406)443-1010
                   "Good Neighbors Under One Roof
               (Lewis & Clark City-County Health Department)
                          (Historical document)

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Materials
           HOW CAN  YOU TELL IF YOU AR£ BURNING HOT. SMOKELESS FIRES ?
   You can monitor your own pollution
levels from your stove by using a
magnetic stove thermometer.  These
attach to the surface of your stove,
and show you when your draft controls
are set for the least creosote build-up
and the least pollution.   Ideal  draft
settings produce  burning  temperatures
between 300° and  400° F.
                                                    -J-herwomrier helps
                                                bum dainty  on*
                      Available for about $12.00 from your
                  local woodstove dealer, who can tell you where
                     best to attach it to your model  stove.
            "How Can You Tell If You Are Burning Hot, Smokeless Fires?"
                   (Lewis & Clark City-County Health Department)
                                (Historical document)

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Materials
                               How You BURN
   MAKES A BIG DIFFERENCE.
                                 2H Indartriil Wood Bumh«
        Residential wood burning
        is Missoula'smajor source
        of winter tune air pollu-
        tion. If youareoneof over
        13,000 families who burn
        wood, how you burn can
        make a significant dif-
ference. In fact, burning a
hot, clean fire will reduce
Missoula's air pollution.
 Do your part. Follow
these simple steps and
help reduce air pollution
   a healthy Missoula.
                            Typical Winter Day
                           Respirable Particulates
                     "How You Burn Makes a Big Difference"
                     (Missoula City-County Health Department)


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Materials
   1 . BURN DR% WELL-SEASONED WOOD.
      Burning dry wood reduces participate and carbon monoxide emissions and
      produces more heat
   2. START YOUR HRE WITH SMALL, DRY KINDLING.
      Establish a hot flame with kindling, and gradually add 4"-5" diameter wood to
      maintain a hot, dean burning fire.



   3- KEEP AIR INTAKE/DAMPER OPEN ENOUGH TO
      MAINTAIN A HOT, CLEAN FIRE.
      Smouldering fires can cause six times more emissions than a hot, dean fire.



   4. DON'T OVERLOAD YOUR STOVE.
      Load your stove regularly with as few logs as possible to maintain a hot, clean flame.


   5. CHECK FOR CREOSOTE BUILD-UP.
      A dean chimney increases wood burning efficiency and reduces the chance of
      dangerous chimney fires.



   6. AVOID BURNING DURING WARM WEATHER ...AND
      NEVER BURN ON POOR AIR QUAIITY DAYS.
      Burning in tonperatures above 40°F requires constant dampering, Increasing
      emissions. Discontinue burning during Stage I Alerts and Stage n Nfemings.



   7. GO OUTSIDE AND CHECK YOUR CHIMNEY FOR SMOKE.
      Periodic checks will tell you if you are burning efficiently.
                  YOU'LL SEE THE DIFFERENCE

               WHEN YOU FOLLOW THESE STEPS,
                 "How You Burn Makes a Big Difference"

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Materials
         IF You ARE BUMMING PROPERIY You CAN SEE THE Di
                    RIGHT.
              A hot, clean burning fire.
          WRONG.
A smouldering, damped-down fire.
                  If you arc considering purchasing a wood stove, contact the Mitsoula City-County Health
                 Department for information on new stove technologies which are more efficient and produce
                 lower emissions.                                            v
                  The Missoula City-County Health Department does not advocate wood burning because
                 the amount of air available for us to breathe is limited..and wood burning contributes
                 significantly to Missoula's air pollution problem. If you must burn, please follow the guide-
                 lines in this pamphlet
                           MISSOULA CITY-COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT
                         301 W. Alder • Missoula, Montana 59802 • (406) 721-5700
                                Air Pollution Hot Line: 728-AIRE (2473)
                        "How You Burn Makes a Big Difference"


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Materials
       MISSOULA'S
                AIR
        POLLUTION
        REPORTING
           SYSTEM
               KNOW THE
      AIR POLLUTION FORECAST
  DEFINITIONS TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND
    THE AIR QUALITY HOTLJNE MESSAGE

                 728-AIRIE
PM10 PARTtCULATE POLLUTION: Par betes 10 microns or toss in
size are small enough to remain suspended in the air. making it ap-
pear "dirty or hazy." The amount of paniculate in the air s measured
as micrograms per cubic meter (UG/M»). The size range is also called
inhalaWe paniculate because they can enter the lungs when inhaled
through the mouth. The new Federal standards (or paniculate are
based on PM10 and are 50 UQM» on an annual basis and 150 UQM»
on a 24-hour basis.

DISPERSION: This term refers to the degree of air movement that is
occurring in the valley. Air movement is mainly in the form of Mind.
Wind can "clean" our air, so it is an impor tant factor in predicting air
quality.

     GOOD dispersion means valley winds are strong, generally
     exceeding 10 tntes per hour.

     FAIR dispersion means vaKey winds are moderate, between
     5 and 10 miles per hour.

     POOR dispersion means valley winds are light, ueualry less
     than 5 mites per hour. During the winter, the Miasouta valley
     experiencesperiodsofpocfdispmsxmandstrorigirMrsions
     which together mean that polluted air is trapped in the valley.
     It is during these "stagnant air episodes" that pollution levels
     begin to reach or exceed Federal standards.
                                             GOOD

                                             The current air quality status is GOODortfa forecast cate tor GOOD
                                             air quality.

                                             THIS MESSAGE MEANS:
                                             • The PM10 is tow and is less than 50 UGW
                                             • Dispersion is g^xxiwtr« Weather Serves predicts good dispersion
                                              for the next 12 to 24 hours.
                                             • An alert is not likely to be called under those conditions, so efficient
                                              and clean burning is allowed.
      AIR POLLUTION FORECAST
   CALL THE AIR QUALITY HOTLINE
               728-AIRE
                                               AIR QUALITY
                                                FORECAST
                                                 728-AIRE
                This FORECAST will appear
                on the front page of the
                MISSOUUAN the following
                morning.
                       'Missoula's Air Pollution Reporting System"
                        (Missoula City-County Health Department)

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Materials
     THE AIR QUALITY HOTUNE (72&AIRE) IS UPDATED AT
      9flO AM AND 4:OOPM DAILY.   THESE ARE THE TYPES
              OF MESSAGES YOU WILL HEAR:



    MARGINAL

    The air quality status is MARGINAL or the forecast calls for
    MARGINAL air quality.

    THIS MESSAGE MEANS:

    • The PM10 level is somewhat elevated and is in the range of 50 to 74

    • Dispersion is fair or the Weather Service predicts fair dispersion for
      the next 12 to 24 hours.
    • An alert is possible if the paniculate level begins to rise rapidly. The
      Health Department encourages residents to voluntarily limit those
      activities that increase the particulate level. Residents should call
      the Air Pollution Hotline for the latest air quality information
       AIR QUALITY
       FORECAST
         728-AIRE
                        This FORECAST will appear
                        on the front page of  the
                        MISSOUUAN the following
                        morning.
    POOR

    The air quality status is POOR or the forecast cate for POOR air quality.
    THISMESSAGEMEANS:

    • The PM10 level is high and is in the range of 75 to 99 UGflvP Some
     residents may experience health problems at the higher levels and
     should consult their physician.
    • Anatertislikelyunlessdispersionimprovesandthe'leveldecreases.
    • The Health Department requests that residents limit activities that
     increase the particulate level and call the Air Pollution Hotline for the
     latest air quality information.
      AIR QUALITY
       FORECAST
         728-AIRE
         POOR
This FORECAST will appear
on the front  page of the
MISSOUUAN  the following
morning.
                                        STAGE I ALERT

                                        An air pollution ALERT is in effect.

                                        THISMESSAGEMEANS:

                                         The PM10 level is very high and is expected to exceed 100 UG/M1

                                        » Residents are strongly urged to limit driving and use the Mountain


                                              IF YOU BURN WOOD, ITIS YOUR LEGAL
                                       RESPONSIBILJTYTO KNOWTHE AIR QUALfTYSTATUS.
                                          AIR QUALITY
                                            STATUS
                                             728-AIRE
                                                           This STATUS win appear on
                                                           the front page of the
                                                           MISSOUUAN the totowng
                                                           morning.
                                       STAGE II WARNING

                                       An air pollution MMRNINB is in effect

                                       THISMESSAGEMEANS:

                                       * J^^10te^Bextrernelyhighandexceeds150UGfl«l».ASTAGE
                                        I ALERT will be called before a STAGE IIWVRNING unless the PM10

                                       • Dispersion is POOR and the Weather Service^yedicts POOR dis-
                                        persion to continue for the next 24 hours.

                                       • W*xxjborrUr^ is prohibited except for rwldents with valid Sote
                                        Source of Heat permits. Residents with Special Need  and
                                        Class I permits cannot bum.

                                       •Residerrts are strongly urged to fenitoViving and use the Mountain

                                       • If the PM10 level  exceeds 150 UGW over a  24-hour period.
                                        Missoula's air is considered unhealthful and residents should Hmit
                                        their exposure. Individuals experiencing health problems should
                                        consult their physician.
                                         AIR QUALITY
                                            STATUS
                                                                   728-AIRE
This STATUS will appear on
the front page  of the
MISSOUUAN the following
morning.
                             "Missoula's Air Pollution Reporting System"


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Materials
     During an ALB1T OR WUWJNft

     • Local tefav«on stations (KECI and KPAX)wW broadcasts ALERT
      or WARNING message approximately every 30 minutes along wffli
      thrtramtion ID. The air qua«y status wil also be given during me
      vw*flwr segment of their news programs.
     • Local rado stations wM announce penodfcafly fhrooghout the day
      thrt an A^STT or WARNING is in progress.
     • Cabto TVwNttw channal win display a message that an ALERT or
      WARNING b in effect along with the local weattxsr forecast.
                    AIR QUALITY
                      STATUS
                       728-AIRE
     MfllTS MO WMMN6S ARE CALLED TO PREVENT MISSOULA
     FROM VIOLATING FEDERAL AND SWTE AIR POLLUTION S1AN-
     DARDSTHAT ARE DESK3NED TO PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH.
                    AIR QUALITY
                      STATUS
                      728-AIRE
            REMEMBER THATTHE GRAPH WHICH
             APPEARS ON THE FRONT PAGE OF
           THEUISSOUUAN IS ONLY A FORECAST.
         YOU MUST CALL THE AIR QUALITY HOTLINE
          (728AIRE) FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION.
                        "Missoula's. Air Pollution Reporting System'
                                              A-39

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Materials
     The amount of air available for us
    to breathe is limited Residential
    wood burning contributes greatly to
    Missoula's air pollution problem.
    Although the Missoula City-County
    Health Department does not advo-
    cate wood burning for these reasons,
    if you must bum, please follow the
    guidelines in this pamphlet

    Be A Part Of The Solution:

        CutWoodEarly
    Gut The Right Kind of Tree
      Store Wood Properly
        MISSOULA CITY-COUNTY
         HEALTH DEPARTMENT
           301 WEST ALDER
         MISSOULA. MONTANA 59801
            (406) 721-5700
&S1ORAGC
                For A
              Healthy
              Missoula
              For A
           Healthy i
           Missoula
                     "Wood Collection & Storage"
                 (Missoula City-County Health Department)

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Materials
    WCARE


  „     me

  SOLUTION.

  The facts are dean
  • Over 50% of winter time air pollu-
    tion in the Missoula Valley is
    caused by residential wood burning
    —use of fireplaces and wood
    stoves.
  • This pollution is made up of very
    small particulate matter. It can be
  •  taken directly into tiie lungs.
  • Wood smoke has a number of
    toxic (poisonous) and cancer-
    causing agents.
  • A local health effects study shows
    that individuals with respiratory
    problems and children are signifi-
    cantly affected by high levels of
    total suspended particulates and
    respirable participates, of which
    wood smoke is a high percentage.
    Each of us can help reduce the air
  pollution caused by wood burning.
  Proper wood collection and storage
  wfll make a difference. A dry, well
  seasoned log that is properly stored
  will bum at higher temperatures.
  Particulate and carbon monoxide
  emissions are therefore greatly
  reduced.
    Dry logs will also provide more
  heat..as much as 44% more heat
  than an improperly stored log with
  high moisture content More heat
  with less wood.
    And whaf s more, burning dry logs
  reduces the amount of creosote for-
  mation and build-up. The chance of
  chimney fires is jjreatly reduced.
    To reduce air pollution in the
  Missoula Valley amd increase the
  heat output of the wood you burn,
  just follow these three steps:



     THRfie


IMPORTANT


      STEPS.

     Cut Wood Early

Cut The Right Kind of Tree

  Store Wood Properly

          fill
                   "Wood Collection & Storage"

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Materials
  CUTNKDD
    Cut wood as soon as possible in
  the late spring and early summer.
  This allows the wood longer to dry
  and season. With moisture-content
  reduced, air pollution is reduced,
  too.

   CUTTHC RIGHT KIND
          OFTR€€
    Cutting and burning the right kind
  of tree will increase the heat output
  and reduce air pollution.
    Douglas Fir, Lodgepole Pine, and
  Larch (also known as Western Larch
  and Tamarack) are three of the best
  trees to cut in and near the MSssoula
  Valley.
    Remember, before you cut, be
  sure the tree is dead.
  *-"  BARK

Size: Large, up to 2-3 feet in diameter. Tall.
Branches 2-3% inches in diameter, in top half of
tree.
Bark Very thick, farrowed, cork-like. Grey to
brown.
Quality: Good firewood, good heat output
                      "Wood Collection & Storage'

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Materials
                Lodgepole Pine
Six Smafl. 6-12 inches in diameter. Very tall
Dratcha: 1-2 inches in diameter. Located at very
top of tree only.
Ssnb Very thin, pale brown.
Quatity: Good firewood, easy to split, light in
wei#t flood beat output, bum completely leaving
                                                                      Larch
                                                              (Western Larch, Tamarack)
                                                              Star Luge, 1V4-3 feet in diameter. Very tail.
                                                              Branches % inch in diameter, in top half of tree.
                                                              Most branches grow out of 3-6 inch bumps known
                                                              as burrs.
                                                              Baric Very thick, brawn to cinnamon-red.
                                                              Quality: Good firewood, easy to split, good heat
                                                              output
                                                              AO7S Do not cut Lath if. 1) 0* Motia hoc* faOen. but Hit
                                                                               . Thttntis still alw* aid will
                                                              hm a ti&i moatm comne 3) Hit snag a utry lag* or has
                                                              a hotel MR Uiat a* uiUUt On, ant should tx left as a.
                                   4
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Materials
  STORE WOOD
    PRDPeWY
       Even if you have done everything
     right so far, have cut the right kind
     of wood, and cut it early, all is lost if
     your wood is stored improperly.
       Good storage techniques will help
     reduce the moisture content in the
     wood. Use of a wood shed will help
     keep the wood dry and protect it
     from rain and snow, yet allow for
     good air circulation.
       SPLIT WOOD BEFORE STACK-
     ING. Splitting the wood before stack-
     ing increases the exposed surface
     area. This greatly reduces drying
     time.
       STACK WOOD IN ALTER-
     NATING DIRECTIONS. This spac-
     ing allows for air circulation, thereby
     reducing moisture content
  STORE WOOD OFF THE
GROUND AND OUT OF THE
RAIN AND SNOW. The wood
should be at least 6 inches off the
ground to keep it out of the moisture
jump zone. Covering the wood
reduces exposure to the elements
and allows air circulation to quicken
drying and seasoning.
STATIONARY
WOODSHED.
  These wood shed designs allow
good air circulation, elevate the
wood above the moisture jump zone,
and protect the wood from rain and
snow. The result is
seasoned wood.
more
DRYER
SHELTER
COMBINATION.
  If you do not have a woodshed,
you can take advantage of the
"greenhouse principle" and use the
sun to speed the seasoning of your
wood supply. This can be done by
making a plastic "tent" against the
woodpile on its sunny side. Air must
be allowed to circulate through and
out the top course of wood or mois-
ture will collect
                      "Wood Collection & Storage'

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Materials
                AIR POLLUTION AFFECTS OUR  HEALTH
   )k- Air pollution can cause health problems
      In oven healthy adults, such as sore
    throats, coughs, runny noses, headaches
    and nausea.
                               SOME FACTS TO KNOW
^k. People with allergies, asthma, chronic
   bronchitis, or emphysema often have
 trouble breathing on days with high levels
 of air pollution.
\J£_ Wooc burning is a major winter air
•T^ pollution  problem. Cancer-causing
substances and other toxic compounds are
present in wood smoke.
                            AIR POLLUTION HURTS
                             PLEASE CONSIDER YOUR NEIGHBOR,

                                Far more dialled tarocnutloa plane contact:
                                     AIR QUALITY BUREAU
                            ""•«•»• Departawat of Health and En*traamenul Sdeaeei
                                CocnreU avUdtac. Helena. Montana 3M3O
                                       (4O8I444-34S4
                               2.3O) cupm of llm public diKunieni were |>uh>
                               lithcd XI in euimaini cnM of W per cup*, for a lu-
                               111 CM of S200.no. which includes S2m no for
                               pfimmi and $.00 for JiMnhulion.
                        HEATING WITH WOOD
          Smoke from a smoldering, damped-down fire.
                                                      Smoke from a hot. clean fire.
            How You BURN MAKES A BIG DIFFERENCE.
            "Heating With Wood—How You Burn Makes a Big Difference"
                                 (State of Montana)
                                       A-45"

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Materials
            FOLLOW THESE STEPS WHEN You BURN.
     1.  BUY THE RIGHT-SIZED STOVE FOR THE AREA
         YOG WANT TO HEAT.
         Too large a stove must be damped-down, causing smoldering, incomplete combustion
         and heat loss, and more pollution.

     2.  BORN DRY, WELL-SEASONED WOOD.
         Burning dry wood, split, covered and stacked for at least six months, produces more
         heat per volume and reduces particulate and carbon monoxide emissions. Burning coal
         synthetic logs, treated wood, or garbage in a wood stove may be dangerous.

     3.  START YOGR FIRE WITH SMALL, DRY KINDLING.
         Estabfish a hot flame with kindling, and gradually add 4"-5" diameter wood to maintain
         a hot, dean burning fire.

     4.  KEEP AIR INTAKE/DAMPER OPEN ENOUGH TO
         MAINTAIN A HOT, CLEAN FIRE.
         Smoldering fires can waste up to 20% of the wood heat value and produce six times
         more-emissions than a hot, clean fire.                      "      •

     5.  DONT OVERLOAD YOCIR STOVE.
         Load your stove regularly with as few logs as possible to maintain a hot, clean flame.

     6.  CHECK FOR CREOSOTE BUILD-UP.
         A dean chimney increases wood burning efficiency, reduces maintenance and the
         chance of dangerous chimney fires. Consider a stovepipe temperature gauge.
         Maintaining proper stack temperatures may reduce creosote buildup.

     7.  AVOID BURNING DURING WARM WEATHER. . .AND
         NEVER BURN ON POOR AIR QUALITY DAYS.
         Burning in temperatures above 40°F requires constant dampering, increasing emissions.

     8.  GO(OUJSIDE AND CHECK YOUR CHIMNEY FOR
         Periodic checks wifl tell you if you are burning efficiently.


                 YOU'LL SEE THE DIFFERENCE.
          "Heating With Wood—How You Burn Makes a Big Difference'
                                 A-46

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             MONTANA DEPARTMENT ^ar.NATUHAL^RESOUtCES « CONSERVATION
                            "Wood Heat"
           (Montana Department of Natural Resources & Conservation)

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A-48

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Materials
              PURCHASE ONLY CERTIFIED STOVES OR INSERTS
              A WOODBURNER'S GUIDE

              A GUIDE FOR GETTING THE MOST FROM
              YOUR WOOD AND REDUCING AIR POLLUTION
                    "A Woodburner's Guide"

              (Washoe County District Health Department)

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                                   B
                                   U
                                   R
                                   N
                                     I
                                   N
                                  G
                                     I
                                   S
                                   S
                                  U
                                   E
                                  S
 The nation has experienced a recent rebirth in
 the use of wood for residential heating, and the
 Truckee Meadows is no exception. Burning
 wood for home heating has become one of the
 most rapidly growing sources of air pollution
 in the Truckee Meadows. The pollutants from
 wood stoves include carbon monoxide, organic
 gases, and paniculate materials such as smoke
 and soot.
    During every winter for the past several
 years, we have seen an increase in the number
 of woodburning  stoves sold, the number of
 wood cutting permits issued, and the smell of
 woodsmoke in residential neighborhoods.
 This trend is likely to continue as the price of
 fuel oil, electricity, and natural gas continues
 to rise. By following the advice outlined in this
 brochure,  you can get  the greatest heating
 value out of your wood and help reduce air
 pollution for yourself and your neighbors in
 the Truckee Meadows.

 CHOOSING A FUEL

 1. Burn Seasoned Wood
 Burning green wood is  like burning money.
 Dry wood has 50% more heating value than an
 equal weight of green or wet wood. Wet wood
 fouls  the chimney with  dangerous  creosote
 and increases air pollution. Firewood should
 be season - dried - at least 6to8months before
 burning in  order  to provide  the cheapest,
 cleanest, and safest fire. Cover the wood and
 keep it off the ground for at least that long.
 Check the chart on the  reverse side for the
 characteristics of various wood species.
 BURNING DRY WOOD = DOLLARS SAVED
2. Burn Properly Sized Pieces
Use kindling only for starting  the fire  For
continued burning use 4 to 6 inch thick pieces,
or larger, depending on  the stove size. The
larger pieces limit the vaporization rate of the
wood so that the combustibles  can be
completely burned by an  adequate air supply
available within the stove.
                                       "Burning Issues"
                         (Washoe County District Health Department)

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Materials
       FIREWOOD PREPARATION

       1. Splitting and Stacking
       Splitting logs hastens drying. Stack split or
       small round logs to allow air circulation and
       leave under cover for 6 to 8 months, if possible.
       This will provide the best heat yield and least
       pollution. As a minimum, cut wood should dry
       at least a full summer. Don't burn  wood in
       October that was cut in September.
       ALLOW ADEQUATE VENTILATION
       2. Storage
       It Isn't necessary to store wood in a garage
       because a  simple covering will suffice. The
       idea is to keep moisture off the wood while
       drying to allow proper ventilation.

       MAINTAINING A FIRE

       1. Burn Hot
       A choked down, smoldering fire is the worst
       polluter and greatly increases creosote build-
       up in the chimney - an efficiency robber and
       possible fire hazard.
          Burn your woodstove or fireplace briskly
       for the first 30 minutes after loading. There-
       after, keep the  fire at  a moderate burn rate
       rather than an oxygen-starved,  dampered
       down burn rate. Also consider not burning on
       days when the air quality outside is poor, if you
       have alternate heating sources available.
2. Avoid Burning Garbage, Rubbish and
Treated Wood
These produce noxious  and corrosive pro-
ducts.  Unburned  fragments (foil,  paper,
plastics, etc.) can plug gas  passages, espe-
cially in stoves with catalytic combustors.
    Other materials that should never be
burned  include poison ivy, poison oak, and
chemically treated  wood such as discarded
railroad ties, utility poles, and  many yard
fences. All emit poisonous fumes and could
add  to  those materials that collect  in the
chimney, increasing the possibility of a
chimney fire.

3. Watch For Signals.
Visible smoke leaving the top of the chimney or
lazy flames in the firebox are signs of incom-
plete starved-air burning. When  this occurs,
more air is needed to complete the burning. To
do this open the dampers letting additional air
into the stove.
                                        "Burning Issues"

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Materials

SOME OTHER TIPS
When the air quality in the Truckee Meadows is
poor please consider not burning, unless no
alternative heat source is available. Also,
during an air pollution alert you may be
requested to cease burning but, again, only if
you have an alternate source of heat. Your
cooperation will help keep our air in the
Truckee Meadows clean and healthy, j
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Planning Agency - if;
241 Ridge Street , ! I
Reno, Nevada 89504 ru ! *J
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             Green


             Yellow


               Red

     GREEN, YELLOW. RED is part of a new
   program developed to help dean up the air in
   the Truckee Meadows, during the high
   pollution winter months.
     To find out the color of the day. look at the
   front page of the Reno Gazette-Journal, listen
   to the weather reports on the radio, and watch
   the evening W newscasts.
     You can also find out the PSI level and color
   fay calling 328-2AIR. The recording is updated
   daffy and more frequently when problems
   with air quality occur.
  GREEN
YELLOW
     RED
                                          A WOOD BURNING

                                          WATCH PROGRAM


                                        A guide for burning wood stoves and
                                      fireplaces in the Truckee Meadows, during
                                           the winter pollution season.
                                          WASHOE COUNTY DISTRICT

                                            HEALTH DEPARTMENT

                                        1001 E 9TH STREET • P.O. BOX 11130 • RENO. NV 89520
                                                 (TOM 328-2400
                          "Green-Yellow-Red"
                  (Washoe County District Health Department)

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     Gt*«n means wood btming is allowed—
     when the Poflutant Standard Index (PSD is
     from zero to 99, it is ok to light the wood
     stove or fireplace. However, always bum
     correctly, allowing enough oxygen to reach
     the fire. Never overload the firebox and/or
     allow the fire to smolder. Smoldering fires
     emit unbumed particles and carbon
     monoxide into the air, which then becomes
     one of the greatest contributors to wood
     smoke pollution problems during the winter
     months.
       Only burn wefl seasoned wood. Never bum
     green wood, plastics, color newsprint or
     magazines, or any form of garbage, like milk
     cartons, tires, rubber products or chemically
     treated products. Along with producing
     excessive smoke and odors, these materials
     are detrimental to those appliances
     incorporating a catalytic device.
                                                                  Yellow
Yellow means slow down afl wood boning
—when the PSI level reaches 100, try to cut
back on the amount of wood burned and the
time the stove or fireplace is used. If possible,
do not use the wood stove or fireplace at all.
Voluntary cutbacks have shown to be an
effective way to reduce pollutant levels, thus
avoiding burn bans.
  During YELLOW days, curb outside
activities, as the air quality is considered •
unhealthfuL It is also advisable to use
alternate modes of transportation, such as car
pooling and riding Gtifare buses.
                                   "Green-Yellow-Red"

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                        Red

      led means stop afl residential and
      commercial fanning — red is called only
      when the PSI levels show unhealthfui air, and
      when the weather forecasts show very little
      chance of the temperature inversions lifting.
      At that time, the District Health Department
      wffl cafl a Stage I Alert and ban all wood stove.
      fireplace and commercial burning for a
      minimum period of 24 hours.
        During alerts, avoid afl outdoor activities,
      especially if suffering from respiratory
      problems. Also car pool and ride the bus
      whenever possible.
        Warnings and fines will be levied against
      anyone ignoring a Stage I bum ban. A three
      hour bum down time will be permitted for
      those who learn of the ban after starting a fire.
      Open the damper to produce a brisk bum,
      and do not add more wood.
        The bum ban wifl be canceled when the PSI
      levels drop significantly and/or a weather
      front reaches the area, and allows the
      temperature inversions to lift.
                                                             Temperature Inversions
                                                          Temperature inversions severely restrict the
                                                          vertical dispersion of pollutants. The Truckee
                                                          Meadows experiences inversions on a daily
                                                          basis throughout most of the year. During the
                                                          winter months these inversions are very
                                                          persistant and in some cases last several days
                                                          before breaking up. It is during these
                                                          prolonged periods when the pollutant levels
                                                          become elevated and require the necessity of
                                                          a bum ban.
A layer of cold air is contained in valleys surrounded by
mountains. Above the cold, denser layer is warm air. This
inversion effectively acts as a lid on the valley, trapping all of the
pollutants below it The low winter sun angle provides only
slight warmth, making the break up of the inversion doubtful
Heat absorbed by the ground torn the sun is radiated into the
cold air layer, causing the inversion level to rise. This produces
an apparent reduction in pollution levels, as the pollutants rise
from the ground, higher into the air. However, with little wind
and/or no weather storm fonfs. most of the pollutants are
unable to escape.
                                                          When the sun goes down, huat escapes from the surrounding
                                                          mountains and the cold air layer settles back to its morning
                                                          volume. This washes, the pollutants into a small, tight cold layer.
                                                          If this persists far several days, the pollutants continue to build.
                                                          until the air quality reaches iinhealthtul levels.
                                       "Green-Yellow-Red"
                                                A-55

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     Air Quality Management Division
        Washes County District
          Health Department
           P.O.Box 11130
         Reno. Nevada 89520

         Primed tut Rrt \, led faptr
                               "Pollution Solutions"
                     (Washoe County District Health Department)

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               There are ways that you can help cut back
               on air pollution. Little steps add up if we
               all moke an effort. Here are things you and
               even businesses can do every day to help
               cut back on air pollution.
               Personal
                1.  Keep your car tuned year-round
                2.  Carpool to work.
                3.  Take the bus to work.
                4.  Walk to the comer market instead of
                   driving.
                5.  Ride your bike to work.
                6.  Take your lunch to work at least one
                   day a week and don't drive at
                   lunchtime.
                7.  Ride your bike on errands.
                8.  Use your FAX machine at work to
                   send urgent information.
                9.  Teleconference calls whenever
                   possible.
               10.  Carpool to lunch.
               11.  Walk into the bank instead of using
                   the drive up window or use the walk-
                   up ATM.
               12,  Walk into the fast food restaurant
                   instead of using the drive up window.
               13.  Map out your shopping trips so that
                   you get everything done in one trip.
               14.  Shop with a friend.
               15.  Work with local government to
                   increase the number of bicycle routes
                   and lanes.
               16.  Turn your engine off while you're
                   stopped for the train.
              Businesses
               1.  Offer incentives to those employees
                   who carpool to work.
               2.  Offer incentives to those employees
                   who ride the bus to work.
               3.  Employ a transpottation/rideshare
                   coordinator, and implement a
                   rideshare/vanpool program.
               4.  Provide an on-site cafeteria for
                   employees.
  5.  Provide pleasant surroundings for a
      lunch area, and encourage employees
      to bring a brown bag lunch.
  6.  Provide enclosed bicycle
      storage/parking facilities.
  7.  Provide shower/locker facilities for
      bicycling commuters.
  8.  Provide on-site child care centers.
  9.  Offer flexible/compressed work
      schedules  to help eliminate heavy
      traffic during standard rush hour
      times.
 10.  Keep fleet vehicles tuned.
 11.  Convert fleet vehicles to compressed
      natural gas fuel.
 12.  Construct park-and-ride lots.
 13.  Woik with local government to
      increase the number of bicycle routes
      and lanes.
 14.  Encourage employees to work at
      home and use a computer
      and modem to send work to the
      office.
 Did You Realize...
   ...that every day we drive enough miles in
 the Truckee Meadows to go to the moon and
 back eight times? That's over 4.2 million
 miles a day or 1.5 billion miles a year!
   ...that every day we put 310 tons of
 pollution into our air? That's equal in weight
 to 16 Reno Arches, or 75 elephants the size of
 Bertha, or about 2.5 million Quarter Pounders!
   ...that in; some cities, such things as
 outdoor barbecues, gas-powered lawn
 mowers and oil-based house paints are being
 banned because they add to the air pollution?
   ...that in other cities, bans on such things
 as haiispray. hair mousse, antifreeze-based
 windshield fluid and furniture polish are
 being considered as a means to control air
 pollution?
   ...that we  all contribute to pollution every
day and that  we all must do our share to
clean up the air.

  If you need solutions or have suggestions
call our Answerline at 328-2501.
                                          "Pollution Solutions"
                                                    A-57

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Materials
  r
 U
 Wood Stove
 Appliances

 and the
 sale of
 your home...
        Answers to the most
        common questions
        regarding
        home resale
For further information, contact
the Washoe County District
Health Department. 1001 E. 9th
Street in Reno--328-2400:
or the Reno/Sharks Board of
REALTORS*.  1100 Kietzke Lane
--786-6020.
 WHAT DO WOOD STOVES HAVE TO DO
 WITH SELLING MT HOME?
 The residents of the Truckee Meadows are
 faced with some serious air pollution prob-
 lems, some of which are caused by the
 burning of wood and other solid fuels. To
 help alleviate this problem the Washoe
 County District Board of Health mandated
 that all wood stoves be replaced by low
 emitting, certified stoves, by the year 1993.
 To help accelerate the change-out of high
 emitting stoves. It was decided that upon
 resale,  a home would be inspected to see if
 the proper appliance is in place.

 DO I NEED AN INSPECTION IP I HAVE A
 FIREPLACE?
 No. Houses with fireplaces do not need an
 inspection. However, both the seller and the
 buyer must sign a "Notice of Exemption"
 that states the  property contains no solid
 fuel burning device,  such as a wood stove.
 pellet stove, fireplace insert or a fireplace
 with air-tight doors.  This notice must be
 approved by the District Health Department
 and then filed with the title company for
 escrow to close.

 WHERE DO I GET A
 "NOTICE OF EXEMPTION"?
 Forms will be available at the Reno/Sparks
 Board of REALTORS*, local title companies,
 real estate offices and the District Health
 Department.

HOW CAN I TELL IF MY FIREPLACE HAS
AIR-TIGHT DOORS?
Some fireplaces have had air-tight doors
and convection  systems added to produce
more efficient heating. Modification of this
type can cause your fireplace to be classified
as a wood stove. It may be difficult for you
to tell if this is the case. If you have any
question as to whether your fireplace has
                "Wood Stove Appliances and the Sale of Your Home'
                     (Washoe County District Health Department)

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Materials
   air-tight doors, have an Inspection done on
   the property.

   WHAT 18 A CERTIFIED WOOD BURNING
   APPLIANCE?
   Any wood stove or insert that appears on the
   Approved Stove List is certified. This list is
   compiled and provided by the District Health
   Department. Copies of the complete list are $3
   each.

   WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT A
   CERTIFIED STOVE?
   Burning wood or other solid fuels causes air
   pollution. During winter temperature inver-
   sions, carbon monoxide and parttculates are
   trapped close to the valley floor. Appliances
   certified as clean burning emit less carbon
   monoxide and particulates. reducing the risk
   of high levels of air pollution during winter
   temperature inversions.

   WHgfSHOULD I HAVE MY STOVE
   If you are anticipating selling your home, the
   ideal time to have your appliance inspected is
   when you list your home for sale with a
   member of the Reno/Sparks Board of REAL-
   TORS*. or when you begin advertising your
   home for sale. By doing so. you will limit the
   possibility that your home sale could be held
   up because of certification problems.

   WHAT DO I DO IP BIT STOVE IS NOT ON
   THE LIST?
   There are several things that can be done.
     1) Replace the existing stove with an ap-
     proved stove.
     2.) Remove the stove from the property.
     3.) Render the stove inoperable by weld-
     ing at least 25 percent of the door shut.
     4.) Check to see if your stove can be
     retrofitted with a certified pellet hopper and
     modified to burn only pellet fuel.
  DT MY STOVE IS NOT CERTIFIED, DOES
  THAT DECREASE THE VALUE OF MY
  HOME?
  This is something you should discuss with
  your real estate agent. If the stove is not
  certified, some type of action must be taken
  to correct the problem. How you choose to
  remedy that problem may affect the value of
  your home.

  DT MY STOVE IS CERTIFIED, DOES THAT
  INCREASE THE VALUE OF MY HOME?
  It may Increase the value of your home and
  decrease the time that your home is on the
  market. Sellers can be made aware of the
  merits of having a certified stove by contact-
  ing a real estate agent. Buyers should ask if
  a stove has been certified, and if not, what
  the seller intends to do with the appliance.

  WHAT IF I DON'T fiCAVE MY HOME
  INSPECTED FOR A WOOD BURNING
  DEVICE WHEN I'M READY TO SELL?
  Escrow will not close; without a signed cer-
  tificate issued by the District Health Depart-
  ment stating the house was inspected and
  that the wood burning appliance either
  passed or failed inspection. If it is found
  that either the inspector, resident, or any
  other person involved in the transaction .
  provided false information, a fine of up to
  $1.000 may be levied! in addition to charges
  of perjury.

 WHAT HAPPENS DT THE INSPECTOR
 FINDS THAT MY STOVE IS NOT
 CERTIFIED?
 You will be issued a Notice of Denial, which
 would hold up escrow. What you must do is
 remedy the problem and have the stove
 reinspected. After the second inspection, if
 everything proceeds properly, the title com-
 pany will receive a Certificate of Compliance
 and escrow will continue.
	                            03°
                  "Wood Stove Appliances and the Sale of Your Home"
                                                                                       «r

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    HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FROM THE
    TIME OF INSPECTION UNTIL I RECEIVE
    MY CERTIFICATE?
    The District Health Department has seven
    working days from the time the paperwork
    •is received from an inspector to issue a cer-
    tificate. If paperwork processing goes past
    the required seven working days, the home
    will automatically pass inspection.

    ARE THERE ANT CIRCUMSTANCES THAT
    MAT HOLD UP MT CERTIFICATION?
    There are three things that may delay the
    certification, or may result in Notice of
    Denial. These are if 1) the appliance is
    uncertified and no action has been taken to
    correct it: 21 if the stove is unverified, which
    means that neither the inspector or the
    homeowner can prove the stove is certified:
    or 3)  if the inspector has failed  to completely
    fill out the paperwork.

    HOW DO I FIND AN INSPECTOR?
    The Washoe County District Health Depart-
    ment maintains a list of licensed wood stove
    inspectors. Many offer other types of inspec-
    tions needed for home resale, and many real
    estate agents may also offer this service as
    part of their marketing package.

    WHAT IF I DON'T SELL MT HOME RIGHT
    AWAT? WILL I NEED TO GET  THE HOUSE
    REINSPECTBD?
    The Certificate of Compliance is good until
    you sell your house. An inspection must be
    made or a Notice of Exemption must be filed
    each time the house is sold.

    SHOULD I GET MT HOME INSPECTED,
    EVEN IF I'M NOT PLANNING ON
    SELLING?
    That may not be a bad idea. The Regulations
    Governing Air Pollution state that ALL wood
    burning appliances used in Washoe County
    must be certified by 1993. If you get your
  appliances inspected now. you may head off
  problems down the road, especially if the
  stove is not certified and must be replaced.
  Your certified stove purchased today will
  probably cost much less than in 1993. Plus
  we have the added benefit of clean air next
  winter.

  IS THERE ANT EAST WAT TO DETERMINE
  IF MT STOVE IS NOT CERTIFIED, WITH-
  OUT HAVING AN INSPECTOR COME OUT?
  If your stove was purchased before 1984. it
  definitely is NOT certified. Approximately 70
  percent of the stoves used in Washoe County
  fall into that category.
  ** IREPLACE MY OLD STOVE WITH A
  CERTIFIED ONE. WILL I SEE ANT OTHER
  BENEFITS. BESIDES HELPING CLEAN THE
  ATR?
  YES! Although lowering pollution levels is the
  major benefit of this replacement program,
  you will be buying a stove that is also more
  fuel efficient. Certified appliances are 25 to 30
  percent more efficient than older stoves.
  burning less wood for the same amount of
  heat generated. That means fewer trips to the
 woodpile. So while you lower pollution levels,
 you'll use less  wood and heat more efficiently.

 CAN I STIIX BUY NON-CERTIFIED STOVES
 IN WASHOB COUNTT?
 Although local dealers are allowed to sell non-
. certified stoves to  people who live in other
 counties, it is illegal to install a non-certified
 stove in Washoe County. So if you mistakenly
 purchase a non-certified stove, any building
 department in  Washoe County will not be
 able to issue a  building permit.
 Always get a building permit to install a wood
 stove and check with your insurance agent to
 be sure you are covered. Remember: an ounce
 of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Fire
safety should be a  consideration when install-
ing a wood burning appliance.         o
                 "Wood Stove Appliances and the Sale of Your Home"

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                                                   The WPA
                                                      The Winter Pollution Advisory be-
                                                   came a mandatory "NO-BURN" pro-
                                                   gram in 1988 when the
                                                   Albuquerque/Beraalillo County Air
                                                   Quality Control Board  passed Wood-
                                                   burning Regulation #34.
                                                      The WPA program is designed to
                                                   control carbon monoxide (CO) produced
                                                   by woodstoves and fireplaces.
                                                 WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT
                                                 WOODSMOKE?
                                                      The burning of wood produces carbon mon-
                                                 oxide and other gasses and very tiny particles
                                                 (smoke). Carbon monoxide is a colorless,
                                                 odorless gas produced when compounds contain-
                                                 ing carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbons such as
                                                 wood or fossil fuels) are not burned completely.
                                                 At high levels, CO can interfere with the amount
                                                 of oxygen that the blood can carry. This usually
                                                 isn't a problem for healthy people but can be dan-
                                                 gerous for pregnant women and people with heart
                                                 or respiratory problems,, The particles found in
                                                 woodsmoke are too smsill to be filtered by the
                                                 nose and upper lungs. Toxic (poisonous) and
                                                 cancer-causing chemicals ride these panicles deep
                                                 into the lungs. For more health information, call
                                                 the American Lung Association of New Mexico
                                                HEALTH • LINE, 268-1011.

                                                HOW DID YOU FIND OUT THAT WOOD-
                                                BURNING CONTRIBUTES TO THE CO
                                                PROBLEM?
                                                     In 1986, studies "fingerprinted" the carbon
                                                in the carbon monoxide molecules in the air by
                                                the carbon isotope techniques similar to the ones
                                                that are used to find the age of dinosaur bones.
                        "Answers to All Your Burning Questions"
                 (City of Albuquerque Environmental Health Department)

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  WILL WOODBURNING BE BANNED IN
  THE ALBUQUERQUE AREA?
       There are no plans to ban woodbaming.  By
  restricting woodbaming during periods of poor
  weather conditions, we may be able to control our
  problem. In the winter, inversions trap cold air
  and pollutants like CO beneath warm air. This
  interferes with the normal flushing of polluted air
  and contributes to high CO levels. Other wood-
  burning programs are also in progress. As of July
  1,1989, only woodstoves or fireplace inserts that
  are U.S. EPA certified as low polluting will be
  allowed for sale in BemaliHo County. Restric-
  tions may apply also to the installation of new
  woodDutmng i^mf^,

  WHAT ARE YOU TRYING TO
  CONTROL, CARBON MONOXIDE OR THE
  BROWN CLOUD?
      "NO-BURN" periods were designed to
  control carbon monoxide, but they also help our
  brown cloud problem. Over one-half of the winter
  brown cloud is caused by woodbuming.

  WHAT IS AN EPA CERTIFIED WOOD-
  STOVE OR FIREPLACE INSERT?
      Like motor vehicles, stoves and fireplace
  inserts manufactured after July 1.1988, meet
  certain emission standards set by the U.S. EPA.
  These stoves and inserts use either catalysts or a
  series of air baffles to reduce emissions. An EPA
  certified unit may produce as little as l/10th the
  pollution (measured as either small particles or
  CO)ofanoldernoncertifiedunit Gas logs or
  electric systems produce little or no CO.

  IS IT TRUE THAT THESE STOVES/
  INSERTS MAY BE BURNED DURING "NO-
  BURN" PERIODS?
     Only if the EPA certified units produce NO
  smoke 20 minutes after lighting the fire can you
 burn during "NO-BURN" periods . Just like the
 miles per gallon estimates on new cars, the
 emissions from your stove/insert may vary.
 Improper installation, use or maintenance may
 cause emissions far in excess of the standards.
 Gas or electric alternatives to woodbuming may
 be used at any time.

 IF I HAVE AN EPA CERTIFIED STOVE,
 BUT IT STILL SMOKES, WILL I GET A
 TICKET?
    You may. The stove or insert must be used
 correctly to operate during a "NO-BURN" period.
 If the unit smokes after a 20 minute start up
 period, it is usually caused by using "green" wood
 or over-dampening the air flow. DON'T EX-
 PERIMENT DURING "NO-BURN" PERI-
 ODS.  Go outside and look for smoke when
 burning is allowed. If you have trouble burning  '
 properly, call your dealer.

 SHOULD I REGISTER MY EPA CERTIFIED
 STOVE WITH ANYONE?
    No. Registration of existing stoves is not re-
 quired.

 WHY DOES THE ALBUQUERQUE
 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DEPART-
 MENT ENFORCE THE WOODBURNING
 REGULATION IN THE COUNTY?
    The Department has County-wide authority
 for enforcing regulations of the Albuquerque/Ber-
 nalillo County Air Quality Control Board

 DOES THE REGULATION APPLY TO ALL
 OF BERNALILLO COUNTY?
    The regulation defines a "woodsmoke im-
pacted area"  where the regulation is enforced.
Areas that do not contribute to the problem, are of
low population, and do not have a problem of
their own are excluded from the program. Ex-
                        'Answers to All Your Burning Questions"

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Materials
  cloded areas are east of the moutl. of Tijeras
  canyon (roughly Camue) and the escarpment on
  the west (west of 1-40 and Central).

  WHAT IF I USE WOOD TO HEAT MY
  HOME?
      If your home has no source of heat other than
  wood (or solar), yon may qualify for an exemp-
  tion. Burning wood because you prefer to heat
  with wood does not qualify for an exemption. If
  you can afford nothing else, you may qualify for a
  low income exemption.

  THE ADDITION TO MY HOME IS HEATED
  SOLELY BY WOOD. DO I QUALIFY FOR A
  SOLE SOURCE EXEMPTION?
     No. Sole source means that there is no other
  scarce of heat (excluding solar) in the entire
  building.

  DOES THIS APPLY TO BUSINESSES?
     Yes. If wood is the sole source of heat in the
  building, the business or residence may qualify for
  a sole source exemption.

  HOW DO I QUALIFY FOR A LOW
  INCOME EXEMPTION?
     Qualifying for a low income exemption is
  based on acceptance to one of three state income
  support programs. After acceptance to Low
  Income Energy Assistance, Food Stamps or
  Medicaid (not Medicare), through the NM Human
  Services Department, a low income exemption
  may be obtained through the Albuquerque
  Environmental Health Department.

  HOW DO I APPLY FOR THESE
  PROGRAMS?
      Consult the Government Easy Reference List
  in the blue pages of the telephone book under
  Welfere.
                       "Answers to All Your Burning Questions"
                                          A-63

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Materials
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                      "Answers to All Your Burning Questions"

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Materials
                                                   HOW ABOUT
                                               THAT FIREPLACE?

                                                       Ifs up to each
                                                           of1 us.
                                                       City of Albuquerque
                                                    Air Pollution Control Division
                                                       Telephone: 766-7432
          Whether you use your fireplace for heating or just for enjoymenit, you
          want it

                           TO BURN — not S-m-o-k-e!
          A good-burning fireplace is a benefit for both you and your neighbors
          in our pollution-troubled city. But, burning a fireplace effectively takes
          work! There are three important factors for good, smoke-free burning.
          They are called the 3T's of combustion: Temperature, Time and Turbu-
          lence. Here is how the 3 T's can help you use your fireplace to bum —
          not s-m-o-k-e:
                           "How About That Fireplace?"
               (City of Albuquerque Environmental Health Department)
                                      A-65

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Materials
                                TEMPERATURE
             Complaint: Beginning fire smokes a lot and won't keep burning.
             Cause: Fireplace may be too clean; the starting fire cools too fast to keep
             itself burning.
             Correction: Always leave some ashes to act as a bed or warming
             blanket for the next fire.                       '
             Complaint: Logs burn at first but then the flames die down.
             Cause: Bare logs cool off on top.
             Correction: Always cluster three
             logs together to form a hot burn-
             ing zone. Top log keeps the heat
             from escaping.
                                                               NOT THE
                                                 L-JLJUlJLJLJf J
 Complaint: White smoke billows off the wood and goes up the
 chimney unburned.
 Cause: Unseasoned wood may feel dry to touch but contains 20% to
 50% of the log's weight as water. This requires a lot of heat just to boil
 the water out of the wood.
 Correction: Stack new wood outdoors for several months prior to use.
 Our dry climate will dry it and make it burn hotter and less prone to
 smoking.

 Complaint: Logs tend to burn in the middle, not along the full width.
 Cause: The logs may be much
 shorter than the width of the fire-
 place. This develops cold ends
 which smoke.
 Correction: Either get wood that
 fits the fireplace or adjust the fire-
 box with cement blocks to reduce
 its working width.

                          TIME

Complaint: Pitchy wood, such as pinon, boils and bubbles and
makes too much black smoke.
Cause: The pitch melts and vaporizes and is caught up in the chim-
ney draft before it can ignite in a flame.
Correction: Blend pitchy wood such
as pinon with oak or some other
variety to dilute effect. Place the
pinon on the lower layer of the
fire. Buy blended woods to
provide for this type of fueling.
                             "How About That Fireplace?"

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Materials
                                    TURBULENCE
                                                   K1NDUNC
                                                                    UCW1TD5TKIP5
                                                                    CF NEW9IHPER
You really don't have much control over  the  turbulence  or air
movement in fireplace burning. However, you can keep in mind the
principle that a good fire must have enough air or it will choke and
smoke — not burn.

Complaint:  Hard to start.
Cause: Ash bed from previous fire completely up to the grating.
Correction:  Push ashes aside and place strips torn from full sections of
the newspaper on edge. Insert these lighted strips under the grate
until the fuel catches well. Using
several sticks of kindling will speed
up the starting. Don't stuff the
space under the grate with tightly-
packed paper. Paper needs air to
burn, too!
Complaint:  Fire seems lazy, not really as active as you'd like.
Cause: Ash bed may have filled all the way up to the grating.
Correction:  Take tie poker and  knock about a one-inch clearance
space under the grate. (Remember, leave some ashes to keep the bottom
of your fire insulated from the cold firebricks.)
Complaint: Fire seems lazy, not really as active as you'd like.
Cause: Logs may fit together so well there is no air space between them
to allow air and flames to pass.
Correction: With poker, push
logs apart slightly so a visible
opening crack occurs along their
mating surfaces. Use small sticks if
necessary, to act as separators.
                YOU START ON PURPOSE; STOP ON PURPOSE, TOO!

              Finally, before turning in for the night, remember to end the use of your fireplace.
              Those last remaining red coals will glow and burn very poorly (choking for air)
              throughout the night, emitting more than your share of carbon monoxide. One
              large drinking glass of water poured on top of the coals is usually enough to quench
              them to they essentially stop burning. By the next evening the heat of die firebox
              will have dried them out and be ready for use as pan of the next fire's fuel.

              If you follow some of these tips, you will enjoy a better-burning — not smoking —
              fireplace, and you, your neighborhood and Albuquerque will breathe esisier.

                                     City of Albuquerque
                              Environmental Health & Energy Dept.
                                'How About That Fireplace?"
                                            A-67

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Materials
   Kerosene Heaters

    PortaBie kerosene neaters were banned in many states and
   localities as unsafe in recent years mey nave made a come-
   Back. Any portable space neater can Be cost efficient if it
   allows you to turn down your furnace and neat only the room
   you use.
    However any portaaie liquid fuel space neater is a potential
   fire hazard if used improperly, unvented neaters emit CO HC
   oxides of nitrogen INOXJ. and sulfur oxides . These are ex-
   tremely Hazardous to tne respiratory system and possiBiy
   cancer causing. Kerosene neaters should Be operated oniv in
   well ventilated areas.
    For an excellent treatment of the topic of kerosene
   heaters, reaa 'Are Kerosene Heaters Safer, Consumar Repons
   OCtOBer 1982, pp. 499-507.


   Additional summed endings
         ,             - Dv urrv °« caraen w«
  PuBllsmng CO., Cnanotte Vermont.
  wooa Hot, Bv Jonn Vivian. eoaale Press. Emmaus. Pennsylvania

                  Bv *> snelton' Vermont Crossroads
     Craomc illustrations t aaaotanons ov f>. Mancnester
          ZSZL 'nlem*">" ««""«' »« ows o» tnn orocnure
          aa* ov a .junc from tnt Owwtnwnt of Energy
     nroum tn. awov att force of m. urojn ccnMroum (or

          '.n'"""1 1*°""c* tttaoat» «» orowdw o» Puonc
How to  Burn
wood Without
Having Your
Health,  Budget,
and Environment
Co up in Smoke
                 "How to Burn Wood Without Having Your Health,
                    Budget and Environment Go Up in Smoke"

               (City of Albuquerque Environmental Health Department)

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Materials
     The approach of winter evokes for many
   the image of pleasant evenings in front
   of a crackling fire Recent studies indicate
   that wood-burning stoves and fireplaces
   have become a popular alternative home
   heating source There is also an indication
   that the average user makes a fire more
   than once a week and burns from v* to
   I1/*  cords of wood per heating season.
                    ABOUT WOOD
   euying:
    Tne price of wood vanei based on availability and what Deo-
   pis will pay. cnectc your local newspaper and ask friends wno
   us* wood. It Is sold By die cord, face cord, or half cord. Hard-
   ness, or density, usually determines tne price
     Cord  ,	s x a x s (of stacked wood)
     Face cord	x x S x trie length of tne pieces
     Half cord	4-x2 xff
    The oefl of a standard sized pickup truck win hold % to v*
   cord. Measure stacked wood Before paying) Many sellers
   deliver and stack wood; you can cut costs by picking it up
   yourseft LumBeryard scraps are inexpensive and make good
   kindling.

   cutting your own:
    The us. Forest Service, tne Bureau of Land Management and
   state land and forestry offices allow fuel cutting in designated
   areas—witn properpermlts! Permit fees vary as do tneamounts
   permitted.
    wnen cutting your own. take an adequate vehicle for tne
   terrain to be covered and tne load to be hauled, use proper
   equipment
     1 chain saw with spark arrester and tools to maintain it
     Z ha tenet or ax
     3. wedge
     4. small sledge hammer
     isnovel
     a ear plugs, gloves, and protective eye wear recommended

   Storing wood:
    • stack wood In a covered area facing soutn If possible

    • Dry fresnty cut wood for 6 months before using.
 wood is good, but...

  The burning of wood comnoutes to air pollution — inside our
 homes and out in urban areas visibility is affected: residents
 Breathe substances that aggravate respiratory infections, con-
 tribute to asmma. chronic Bronchitis, pulmonary emonvsema
 ana possibly cancer.
  Air Quality problems are aggravated in some areas by topog-
 rapny and climate Temperature inversions can prevent tne nor-
 mal rising of warm air from low lying areas. All of the air pollu-
 tion (industrial, automobile wood smoke etc) is trapped in the
 •breathing layer of tne surrounding air. Many communities
 have instituted •air pollution aflvisones wnicn can be contactea to
 determine wnetner or not you should be curtailing your wood-
 burning and automobile driving on tne "bad nigntr during tne
 winter Contact me agency in ysur area mat is responsible for air
 pollution control to see if sucn an advisory nas Been instituted.


 Take can of Yourself, and the nest of us

  Some simple practices can help you do your part in keeping
 pollution from wood burning to a minimum. The best part is
 that it also can save you money and provide more warmtn for
 your effort!
               FOR LESS POLLUTION

 1.  Sum only dry. seasoned wood.

 2.  Never bum trasn or gartiage in a fireplace — many plastics
    and treatea papers emit toxic fumes wnen burned.

 3.  Never bum coal in a wood-burning fireplace — coal
    emits oxides of nitrogen and sulphur along witn carbon
    monoxide and often bums too not for the fireboxes in
    wood-burning stoves or fireplaces

 4.  in fireplaces, make small hot fires — combustion is more
    complete pollution is lets.

 5.  in wood-burning stoves, use internal baffles, catalytic con-
    verters, and adequate air supply to promote the burning
    of vaporized unused fuels,

 6.  Do not use lignter fluids or otner flammable liquids to
    start fires!                   <

 7.  Start fires witn strips of newspaper and kindling placed
    loosely on top. AS tne wood begins to burn aaa larger
    pieces until tne fire is stable TOO much fuel will cause tne
    fire to smolder and smoke

8.  Remove asnes freouendy, leaving a light "bed1 to catch tne
    coals. Tbo many asnes obstruct tne flow of oxygen ana
   smooierthe fire (Use a metal bucket to remove not ashes
   and store them until cooieoj
                        "How to Burn Wood Without Having Your Health,
                             Budget and Environment Go Up in Smoke'*

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Materials

FOR GREATER EFFICIENCY*
1. Start by selecting a stove tnat is properly sized
area tnat you wisn to neat.
i
' !
| ; , ' 2. A catalytic cc
. iji ! : — tne most <
	 '^ f'"^]"^--^ "add-orr aval
P^ ^~-^ ,^> can increase
^•^^ ' ' by 20-30%!
\. ,.i>w ./, . • . £
• ^ •* S
3. use Convection Tube crates, in- I
stead of standard wrougnt iron \
grates, to promote air circuia- /
tlon; a blower fan will force air /
tnrougn tne grin and furtner in- ' r\
crease neat delivery to tne / ,
room. /
- ' S
- L_V
«-*£^
•:o2
-*-£fm*&



For tne
mm*m
nverter
effective «*-
able —
efficiency
I"H"»I'
•VMM

HUT TO
HOUSE .
jL IV PASS T
T^ CATE CATAimC
1 (OKNK» / CONVUTU
1 STAITINC) \ [OmONAl)
UNMIINID ^ISStR. INTUNAL
^^^^g vAfotoio *sl^Bm **""


' ' - / \
HMT All TO \
STOIACI WOOD INSULATION
WAU
(NOH-COMIUSniU
MATUIALSI
4. select a fiign efficiency stove witn a secondary combus-
tion cnamber and/or catalytic converter, mese also emit
less pollution.
/ CO
N
ml
\ \ Fireplace
A wood-bur
i | wood-bur
1 witn
^ catalytic
^ secondar
ii\| . combusti
ja Gas Heate
K' Electric H
eff iciet
anotne
MPARATIVE EFFICIENCY RATING
ipinon or jumper acSUS/Corai
iffictaficv ca«/ioa,eoo«TU Hftctiw
Utlnv (Illfliilll cwt-lTlnftn
10% S .54 S5.40
ningstove 50% .54 1.08
ning stove
converter or
y
on 65% . .54 , .33
r 55% .53" .96
eat 100% 2.3S" 2.35
tive cost is determined by dividing tne cost by tne
icy rating.
/tnerm will vary from one energy service area to
r.

              "How to Burn Wood Without Having Your Health,
                Budget and Environment Go Up in Smoke"
                              A-70

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Materials
  5. A heatilator can Increase tne efficiency of a fireplace by
     10 • 20%. lisa of blower fans can increase efficiency by
     anotntrtO-20%.
           LIKE THIS
                                        LIKE THIS
  6. wnen building a flre. sack logs as snown above, mis
     creates a natural draft to more efficiently burn me wood.
     • Hreouctj are at best an tneff lel«nt way to neat your nome. A
      aanaara metal flre oox flreoiace witn no energy saving
      retro fits mayaiiow more neat to escaoe from your nome man
      tt DUU la if you cone aoujs me flre ano close me flue wnen
      you art done using me fireolaee, neateo air will simoiy float uo
      mt enimne* tne addition of glass aoors can reouee tnts ev 10 •
      15%. out rememocr mis ooes not increase tne amount of
      neat going into me room, it merely reouces tne amount of
      neacM air tnx teav« me room.
                                                                The most for your dollar:
                                                                Different wooas produce different amounts of energy IBTUSI.
                                                                   BTU'S/CORD
                                                                   03K / 30.427.488
                                                                   M3Dle / 27.100.250
                                                                   Pinon / 24.710,400
                                                                   Birch / 23.59S.015
                                                                   Pine /18.778,320
                                                FACTOR
                                                   30.4

                                                   27.1
                                                   24.7

                                                   23.6
                                                   18.8
                                                                 TO compare prices, divide tne price per cord by the number
                                                                of BTUS per cord. To make it easier use tne rounded off factor
                                                                to tne right

                                                                           Example: if a cord of oak costs S135...

                                                                               • S135.00 •> 30.4 = S4.44

                                                                              and a cord of pine costs S85,

                                                                                 S 85.00 -183 =54.52

                                                                              ... oak is more cost effective
                     SAFETY
 Wood is a volatile neat source and can be very dangerous if
 not used safely.


 1. wood stoves snould be sited well away from flammable
   obiects. insulated walls, and flooring and out of regular
   traffic patterns.

 2. Stove pipes snould be installed in accordance with fire
   codes.

 3. Chimney and stove pipes should be cleaned regularly
   usually wnen creosote build-up is about v, inch, creosote
   is Highly flammable and can cause a maior fire in your
   home!

 a. Never leave fires unattended unless you can close glass (or
   other appropriate) doors aver the firebox opening.

 S. Always keep a fire screen in place to prevent sparks from
   landing on tne hearth or in the room.

6. install smoke alarms and fire extinguishers near the
   fireplace or stove

7. if a fire starts  in tne cnimney. call the  Fire Department.
   extinguish tne fire in tne fireplace or  stove close off all air
   vents to smother tne fire, and wet down tne roof.
                        "How to Burn Wood Without Having Your Health,
                             Budget and Environment Go Up in Smoke"
                                                       A-71

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Materials
           y  h  *  .>  W*\J
                          And Clear
                             Answers
                                                                    What's  the Problem?
 Today, living in the Rogue Valley is more compli-
cated than it was in the past. Became so many of us
now live here, our lifestyle choices often affect our
neighbors in critical wsiys. One of them is con-
tamination of the air we breathe by smoke from
residential woodburning.

 PARTICULATE MATTER, the visible part of
smoke and dust, is a serious local health concern.
These tiny particles became  lodged deep in the
lungs and reduce our resistance to infection. It also
causes diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, and em-
physema, making this health problem and related
treatment costs a burden to us alL Additionally, pol-
luted air costs us money by discouraging new  in-
dustry and hindering tourism;  and the county faces
penalties from the U.S. iEnvironmental Protection
Agency for not meeting federal rules.

 A NEW FEDERAL STANDARD has estab-
lished allowable amount! of air borne paniculate
matter. This standard, called PM10, is designed to
protect us from "fine pairticulate.' These particles
are less than 10 microns in size, about one-sixth the
diameter of a human hair. Department of Environ-
mental Quality monitoring indicates that the valley's
pollution levels often viokite the standard during the
winter months.
                        "Burning Your Questions...And Clear Answers"
                  (Jackson County Department of Planning and Development)

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Materials
               NATURE CONTRIBUTES to our air pollution
              problem*. Studies of weather patterns show that
              Southwestern Oregon's interior valleys are among
              areas with the highest pollution potential in the
              country. In the Rogue Valley, the h«« that occurs
              when we have a temperature inversion not only looks
              like bad air • it is bad air. Inversions trap smoke and
              dust in a stagnant air layer near the ground, where
              pollutants build up to unhealthful levels. The smoke
              also reduces visibility and detracts from the natural
              beauty of our area.

               THE WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRY, a major
              source of particulate pollution here before 197S, has
              reduced their particulate emissions by 70 percent
              smce 1979. However, smoke from  the increasing
              number of local wood stoves has slowed overall air
              quality improvement

               WOOD STOVE SMOKE is dangerous because
              the smoke  particles are in the most unhealthful
              range - 10 microns and smaller. During the winter,
              when severe inversions occur, the air quality in the
              Rogue Valley violates federal health standards on
              20-25 days. On the wont days, the concentration is
              twice the health standard. This is not only costly to
              our health and economy - inefficient, uncertified
              stove* are also expensive to operate.


                   Is  There a Solution?

              THE ROGUE VALLEY is not alone in battling
              air pollution. Other cities in Oregon and across the
              country face similar problems.  Some cities - Mis-
              soula, Juneau, Boise and Reno • have already begun
              wood stove curtailment programs which are work-
              ing.
 In May of 1987, the Jackson County Commis-
sioners appointed a local citizens Woodbuming
Task Force to evaluate the particulate problem. The
Task Force examined the alternatives, weighed costs
and benefits, and made recommendations to the
commissioners.
 TASK FORCE
 RECOMMENDATIONS

     •PUBLIC EDUCATION

  A public education program would alert people to
 the serious health problems associated wkh wood
 stove smoke. It would outline the economic, health,
 energy and safety benefits of reducing wood smoke
 and suggest what you can do to help.

     •CURTAIL WOOD BURNING

  On the worst days stove use would be prohibited.
 Exemptions would be granted to low-income
 families and to those who have ao other beat source.
 SomeOEQ certified stoves would also be exempted.
 Mandatory curtailment would be needed on 10 to 20
 high pollution days a year.

    •FINANCIAL INCENTIVES

  Grants or low interest loans would be sought to en-
 courage the use of gas, electricity or dean-burning
 certified stoves. Jackson County has already
 received one grant to help low-income households
 replace inefficient wood stoves.

    •BAN NON-CERTIFIED STOVES

 Local ordinances would prohibit installation of
 non-certified stoves.

    •CLEAN AIR UTILITY RATES

 Lower 'clean air* rates for both electricity and
natural gas should be pursued with the Public Utility
Commission.

 Over the next few months, Jackson  County will
present the Task Force recommendations to the
public Yon will have many opportunities to discuss
fhi^ i«y^
                           "Burning Your Questions...And Clear Answers"

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Materials
                HOW YOU  CAN  HELP

           •Become Informed about air quality and
            woodburntag problems in the Rogue Valley
            aad participate In the discussion!

           •tfytw boy a stove, make sore that It fa both
            the right size for your house and an effi-
            cient, certified model. Call the DEO for
            stove rating information. (1-«00-4S2-4011)

           •Lean aad follow the proper methods of
            operating your store.

           •Us* year stove efficient!y by burning only
            dry, seasoned wood.                '

           •B*lld small hot fires with plenty of draft.

           •Keep your stove properly maintained.
            Check year stack for creosote buildup - a
            major cause of house fires.

           •Never barn garbage, plastic or treated
            wood. They release toxic fumes.

           •Follow official woodburning advisories -
            Dort bora oared days. Call 770-4460
            (Mtdford), or 776-7007 (County), for the
            daily tMOBing advisory.
                                                                             DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
                                                                                AND DEVELOPMENT
                                                                                .bekion County Courtnoun
                                                                                 M>flfort. Oragan 97S01
                         "Burning Your Questions...And Clear Answers"

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Materials
              OREGON
              ENVIRONMENTAL
              COUNCIL
                     service
           Printed on recycled paper
   DO YOU
HAVE MONEY
       TO
    BURN?
                  "Do You Have Money to Burn?"
          (Jackson County Department of Planning and Development)

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Materials
          Here is some HOT, INSIDE INFORMATION:
          invest  in seasoned wood.  Whether you
          season it yourself, or you buy it dry from
          a dealer you trust, it's still  money in the
          old wood bank.
SOME COMMONLY USED FIREWOODS
areau
DOUGLAS FIR
OAK
MADROflE
DMT
KBTU's 1
20.790
29.400
30.240
COST 2
' 980
5115
1115
GREEN
KBTUl i
14.850
21.000
21.600
COST 2 I
962
585
985
1. Thousand BTU per cord. Based on Oregon State
Unlvtnity Extension Service data.
2. Av*r*gc advertised price per cord, delivered.
November 29. 1988.
          Although seasoned wood appears to cost
          more up front when you buy it from a
          dealer, the extra heat that it provides will
          more than make up the difference. The
          extra thirty  percent  that you pay  for
          seasoned wood  is an  investment that
          yields forty percent more heat.  So. in a
          dollars per BTU comparison, seasoned
          wood is the better buy.  (To  be sure of
          good quality, ask for a moisture certifica-
          tion slip from your fire department, dated
          the day of delivery).
COST PER MILLION BTU
•MECiU
DOUGLAS FIR
OAK
8URMGHEEM
14.18
94.08
MADRONE I 93.94
8UYOHY
93.85
»3.9J
13.80
YOU DRY
92.98
92.89
92.81
 If you have the time and space, you will
 want to consider  seasoning  your own
 wood.  It's  easy, and it's one of the best
 investments you'll ever make.

 There are a few tips you should follow in
 order to maximize your investment:
 •  Split your wood before stacking it.  This
   will increase the surface area and aid in
   drying.  Also, hardwoods split easier
   when wet.

 •  Stack it off  the ground, in alternating
   directions  to  provide  good  air  cir-
   culation.
• To reduce the risk of pest invasions to
  your home,  it should  be stacked at
  least 25 feet from your house.  Make
  sure you  protect  it from the weather.
  however.
• Take a sample of your wood to your
  local fire  department.  They have the
  equipment to tell you the exact moisture
  content of your wood and how long it
  needs to dry.
                               "Do You Have Money to Burn?"
                                               A-77

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            If you have the time and space, you will
            want to consider seasoning your  own
            wood. It's easy, and it's one of the best
            investments you'll ever make.
            There are a few tips you should follow in
            order to maximize your investment:
            • Split your wood before stacking it. This
             will increase the surface area and aid in
             drying.   Also,  hardwoods split  easier
             when wet.
            • Stack it  off the ground, in alternating
             directions  to  provide good  air cir-
             culation.
           • To reduce the risk of pest invasions to
             your home,  it  should  be stacked at
             least 25 feet from your house.  Make
             sure you protect it  from the weather.
             however.
           • Take a sample  of your wood to your
             local fire department.  They have the
             equipment to tell you the exact moisture
             content of your wood and how long it
             needs to dry.
 There is an additional premium to burning
 only dry wood:  REDUCED FIRE HAZARD.
 Creosote buildup in chimneys is one of the
 major causes of home fires, and  burning
 wet wood is a primary contributor to that
 buildup.   According  to the State Fire
 Marshal's Office,  there were 3329 home
 fires in 1987 in Oregon related to wood-
 stoves  and  fireplaces.  That was down
 from 3533 in 1986. but it is still too many
'possibly preventable  fires.   Safety  for
 your  family  and yourself may  be  the
 biggest payoff of all.
 Finally, there's one more way that burning
 dry wood pays, and pays everyone.  Dry
 wood burns cleaner, so that means less of
 your  fuel  goes  floating  out the stack  as
 pollutants.   By  burning  only  properly
 seasoned wood, we can all breathe a little
 easier.

    DRYING RECOMMENDATIONS

              HARDWOODS
      % MOI^ TURE    MONTHS TO DRY
      More tr.dn 55 	8
           45-54 	 7
           35-44 	6
           30-34 	  	5
           25-29 	4
           20-24 	 2
       Less than 20	OK
              SOFTWOODS
      % MOISTURE    MONTHS TO DRY
      More than 50 	 6
           40-49  	5
           30-39 	4
           25-29	3
           20-24 	    2
       Less than 20 	OK
                                 "Do You Have Money to Burn?"

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                             DRY WOOD
                           CERTIFICATE
                  Asamplefrom this cord of wood has been tested by
                  a Klamath Falls area fire department volunteer with
                  a moisture meter and has been found within the
                  allowable moisture content range for proper burn-
                  ing. Certification should not be misconstrued as
                  being a guarantee since it is based upon the integ-
                  rity of the wood vendor in presenting the wood
                  samples for testing.

                      Klamath County Health Dept.
                          Air Quality Progr;
                          "Dry Wood Certificate"
                    (Klamath County Department of Health )
                                  A-79

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             In Klamath County
                 "In Klamath County...Particulate Matters"
                  (Klamath County Department of Health )

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              PROTECT YOUR  QUALITY OF LIFE
                                        it's a "matter" of ...
                                        good health for you &
                                        your family, clean air, a
                                        healthy economy: jobs,
                                 survival of businesses that ser/e you
                                 & your family!
                                 It's ALL A PART OF THE BIG PICTURE!
                                  become a VOLUNTEER FOR
                                 COMPLIANCE help your
                                 community & tell the CLEAN AIR
                                 STORY!
                           W*
                      NOVEMBER 1 - MARCH 31
             follow the woodburning advisory:
                                RED: NO WOODBURNING
                                EXCEPT WOOD AS A SOLE
                                HEATING SOURCE
                                YELLOW: BURNING WOOD
                                AS  A   SOLE  HEATING
                                SOURCE,  OR  EPA/DEQ
                                CERTIFIED WOODSTOVES

                                GREEN: OKAY TO BURN
              •-ca the WOODBURNING ADVISORY TELEPHONE 883-744,9
              • rod dM Hmld UK! N«w»              ,
              '•• torn to KAGO Radio . AM/FM (1150 AM/99.5 FM)
             .-• bttn to KFLS, FM107 (1450 AM/106.9 FM)
                  to Kon TV (Ou 2) ...-•*• • listen tp KDRV (Ch. 12.& 311)
                  to KTVL TV (Ch. 10)'
            At CZualtty &. Woodbuming Information Is provided twice daily: 6:45 a.m. and
            4:45 p.m. Updates & health alerts are also given.
                  'In Klamath County...Particulate Matters"

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                • or check outside and use this rule-of-thumb:
                           DONT BURN if there is ...
               NO WIND   _      _ _   NO SOLID CLOUD
                                                      COVER
                it's a "matter" of ...


                      AS A  RESPONSIBLE

                   CITIZEN YOU  SHOULD

                                     CARE     	

                In winter, Urban Klamath Falls air quality is frequently poor, exceeding the daily
                & annual National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
                BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY ... the poor air affects the quality of our health
                & our lives.
                . It affects us in economic development (getting more jobs for you, your fami-
                ly, your friends). The local industry cannot expand giving more jobs.
                - It affects the survival of retail/service businesses that serve you (in that popu-
                lation losses mean lost business, lost profits mean more jobs lost).
                - h affects the quality/quantity of available medical care.
                The Klamath FaOs Urban Growth Boundary was designated as a Group IPM10
                pollution area by EPA in August, 1987.

                    24-Hour PM10 High Measurements for past four yean:
                        1986/87 Season - 474 - 46 days out-of-attainment
                        1987/88 Season - 752 - 46 days out-of-attainment
                        1988/89 Season - 417 - 37 days out-of-attainment
                        1989/90 Season - 369 - 39 days out-of-attainment
                        (National Standard: 150 PMlOs 24-hour maximum)
                The 24-hour averages of PM10 are bad enough, but don't be misled, because
                at night when an inversion is in process, single hour readings have been esti-
                mated higher than 800 ... even this last season! In the 88/89 season a 53%
                pollution level reduction was realized - but we need more!

              __TMsls still critically dangerous air that yon are breathing.
                      "Li Klamath County...Participate Matters"

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                Don't think you are clear of the pollution Just because you don't live
                In the air testing zone (Peterson School area).
                During an inversion (1988/89 heating season), portable testing equip-
                ment estimated one hour PM10 readings on Pacific Terrace area, top
                of the hill - 350 and 450; Moyina Heights - 550 and 400; above down-
                town - 350 and 300; Peterson School & Gatewood - 750 and 650; Peli-
                can City - 200 and 150.

                What is "particulate matter?" Woodsmoke is mostly made up of
                microscope sized  participates (pieces)  that  measure LESS than  10
                MICRONS.  500   MICRONS  are  equal  to  a dot  this  sizii,  Q
                (one/l,000,000th of a meter - to scientists  it's PM-10).
                Why can it hurt us? Because PMlOs are so tiny, we can breath them
                DEEP INTO OUR LUNGS and because they are made up of harmful
                chemical compounds.  They can make us sick, now or later!
                 What is an AIR INVERSION? What does it mean to us?
                 An air inversion is cool air held on the ground by a layer of warmer
                 air above it, like a shelf that will not let the cool air below escape.

                 HOW DO INVERSIONS DIFFER FROM NORMAL AIR FLOWS? Air
                 aloft is cooler - cool air allows warmer air below to rise like a balloon
                 so that a constant mixing and freshening occurs. Inversions prevent this
                 so that ...

                 The cool air then becomes stale and is made-worse by woodsmoke
                 and other  pollutants that also get caught under the warm air shelf.
                'Woodsmoke hugs the ground because it is heavier than cool air. The
                 longer an inversion lasts (we have had them for 12 days at a time), the
                •more woodsmoke builds up. The bigger the buildup, the more the air
                 CAN HURT OUR HEALTH.
                 Inversions can occur at any time of the year „. but OUR problem
                 is worse in the winter (Oct.-Mar.). Our greatest number of long-lasting
                 inversions occurs in mid-January through late February - when we ex-
                 perience the least storm activity and the least amount of  wind. And,
                 the only thing that can dear an inversion is ventilation (wind).
                        "In Klamath County...Particulate Matters"

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                  it's a "matter" of  ...
                                Life  & Breath
                  I* woodsmoke really dangerous? Yes, -according to research in the con-
                  centrations that Klamath Falls gets.
                  l» woodsmoke really carcinogenic (cancer causing)? According to re-
                  search, high concentrations of woodsmoke have the potential of causing cancers
                  in some people.
                  What are some of the other things high concentrations
                  of woodsmoke can do to our health? It can cause asthma
                  to develop or cause an asthmatic to have an attack; it can cause
                                         shortness of breath; it can increase up-
                                         per  airway  irritation such as  sore
                                         throats, coughing and wheezing; it can
                                         cause allergies to develop or cause al-
                                         lergic reactions; it can cause greater sus-
                                         ceptibility  to develop  pneumonia,
                                         bronchitis and lung lesions (kind of like
                                         an open sore, causing coughing up of
                                         blood);  it can cause greater problems
                                         for individuals with heart disease (in-
                                         cluding Angina), emphysema and other
                                         lung problems.

                  NHGHBORHOOD MEETINGS ARE AVAILABLE WITH THE AIR QUALITY
                  PROGRAM COORDINATOR,   CALL  KLAMATH COUNTY  PUBLIC
                  HEALTH: 882-8846.

                  When we have high concentrations (over 150 PMlOs) of woodsmoke.
                  but we have not reached a hazardous level, who is at risk? Generally,
                  the elderly; preschool aged youngsters; potentially asthmatics and individuals
                  with allergies; people who have emphysema; people with cardiopulmonary
                  conditions and SMQKERS/ex-smokers.  In research, it has been found that
                  reduced lung function has occurred in preschool children and the elderly who
                  have continuous exposure to woodsmoke (the effect can last up to 6 to 8 weeks).
                       "In Klamath County...Particulate Matters"

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                     When we have reached hazardous (over 300 PMlOs) level* of wood-
                     smoke. who to at risk? Everyone. When hazardous air conditions occur,
                     a health alert Is declared by the Klamath County Health Officer. The alerts
                     advise reduced physical activity (soccer players, joggers, bicyclists, etc.) for every-
                     one in the affected aone. All schools are notified. Physical fitness programs
                     should be suspended during inversions. In Klamath Falls, when  we incur
                     hazardous air levels, the entire urban growth boundary is affected (iriclu: Stewart-
                     Lenox, Lakeshore, Pacific Terrace - all the way to the top. Conger and California,
                     Moyina, Sunset, etc.)

                     WE ARE NOT SAYING EVERYONE IS GOING TO BE AFFFECTED - WE
                     ARE SAYING THE POTENTIAL EXISTS - IT CAN HAPPEN! You may not
                     be aware of being affected either! Higher death rates, according to research,
                     do occur during exposure times to high concentrations of woodsmoke.
                       What doe* the API advisory mean?
                       .The Environmental Protection Agency devised the API (Ate Pollution In-
                      -dex) for the public as a measuring standard for harmful pollutants since
                      >' pofiutants are afl measured differently and can be very confusing to track.
                      £ An API can be a combination of many poflutants depending upon what
                      y .area of the US. that you Bye In. In Klamath rails, our primary pollutant
                      ""•it woodsmoke and the compound* that make it up.
                      .Th« AtePoUutloa Index' (API) scale Is as follows:
                       Measurement
                     "-. 0-50
                     >  101-199
                     v^200-299
                       •;300^vcr
                       '500   ,
      _    EPA. Health Advisory
 "Goad"''"'•*."" /  "."•"• '   '
 Moderate Health Effect
 Onhealthful. Levels
 Voy.Uihaaltnful
'. Hazardous, r Health Alert Status
. Skjnlrkant Harm Level  '
 '         '     '     '         '
                     ^cbv^ (Air Quattry Standard^24-nour maxfarurn Is 100API)
                         "In Klamath County...Particulate Matters"
                                               A-85

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                  -S^..:-,.
                   »..'"-. * ~.'
                   '•:>''  ""•'•
                   £#}•,  ••:-'••
                   t-f-!:*,: —;

                   Hf-rVv::;'
a "matter" of ...     -   V    - ;  v
      • Bum Right
  . .   • Have the Correct Sized Stove
.,;-.:  • Bum Only Clean, Dry Wood
      • Get a Moisture Meter Check
      • Bum Small Hot Fires - Don't Damper
  ''   • Operate \four Stove Correctly
.;<:..  . • Use a Backup Heat Source at Night
: - ''   • Don't Bum When Air Quality is Poor
/:    • Consider Upgrading Msur Heating
^   • Complying is Cheaper Than You Think
:;  J   •-Check \faur Chimney
      ••Volunteer for Compliance
                             Maintain 10%  to 20%

                           Wood Moisture Content
                  What happens if it Is too wet? A greater number of PMlOs and a greater
                  variety of toxins are  released into the air from poor combustion. There are
                  two kinds of wvfc  green wood and wood that may be aged but has never
                  been covered so it has absorbed water. Wet wood, when hit together, makes
                  a dull "thud" sound and feels heavy.

                  Can wood be too  dry (overaged)? Yes, if dried
                  ina warm area. Too dry a wood combusts too rapidly.
                  creating another set of toxins that are released into
                  the air that can also  be harmful. Overly dry wood
                  produces heavy amounts of sparks that can cause
                  fires in your flue or outside your house (your roof,
                  your neighbors property, etc.). Additionally, too dry
                  a wood - on a ratio of wood burned to heat created
                  - produces less heat.

                  Let your wood age for 6 mo*, to 3 yean!... not all wood is created equal.
                  Pines & cedar will season in 6 to 9 mos., Douglas fir may take 1-lVz yrs., while
                  madrons can take up to 3 years! ALWAYS split & stack your wood - keep it
                  covered so it is also dry. Split wood seasons faster. On the average, 4 to  5
                  cords of wood are more than enough for winters here. Remember, aged wood
                 feels lighter and when pieces  are hit together, has a light "ring" or look for
                 little cracks in the wood like the illustration. PLEASE have your wood tested
                 for moisture at a local fire department, it's free of charge.
                         "In Klamath County...Participate Matters"
                                               A-86

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                                I
                                          S'l
                     «'

                    jf
                     1

                                    I
i
                     Hi
                      if

1
I
                          i
                               i
    I
                                   i
                "In KJamath County...Particulate Matters"
                             A-87

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                                 DO NOT BURN;
                              PARTICLE BOARD OR
                             PLASTICS INDOORS OR
                            OUTDOORS — HARMFUL
                           EMISSIONS ARE RELEASED.
                      PLEASE  BURN  ONLY WOOD

                BURN CLEAN - Don't bum treated wood such as railroad ties or composi-
                tion logs with paraffin in them (check the package); don't burn garbage -
                the result is that you are releasing emissions into the air that can be danger-
                ously toxic and can be creating fire hazards for you or your neighbors, plus
                it can damage your fireplace/woodstove.

                  CORRECT BURNING  PRODUCES

                                LESS  SMOKE

                Us« the correct size stove for your house. If a stove is too large for your
                needs, you will find yourself dampering down the fire to maintain bearable tem-
                peratures. Dampering down causes incomplete combustion and great quanti-
                ties of pollution. Burning temperatures vary - please consult your manufacturer's
                instructions or see your local dealer.

                    OUR WORST AIR DEVELOPS

                               7  P.M.  -  2 A.M.

                BUILD SMALL HOT FIRES. Begin by opening draft controls all the way,
                bum the kindling hot - allowing a small bed of coals to develop, then add larg-
                er wood pieces. Be sure to open draft controls completely each time new wood
                is added to the fire which will help you maintain an even indoor temperature
                and maintain better combustion. Different woods have different combus-
                tion. If you have a chance to get hardwood, do so since it does bum cleaner,
                slower and hotter than our local fir, pine and cedar. Juniper also burns slow'
                and hot but it does produce a lot of ash.
                      'In Klamath County...Particulate Matters"
                                        A-88

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                  DONT  DAMPER  DOWN AT NIGHT
               PlUng your woodstove fuU of wood and dampering down doe* not rave on
               wood, but instead, fills the air with dirty, acrid smoke and causes rapid creo-
               sote buildup in your chimney. This has the potential of increasing your chances
               for a flue fire!

                   CORRECT BURNING SAVES  ON
                        WOOD  AND PRODUCES
                                  MORE HEAT
               Go outside and observe your chimney from time to time
               If you are burning right, you should see only a greyish wisp of
               smoke If your chimney shows a smoke that you can't see through,
               then increase the air to your fire - wait a little and recheck your.
               chimney. If you are still getting smoke that you cannot see through
               then your wood is either not seasoned or it is not dry or both!

               Make sure you have a safe, clean chimney/stove
               pipe «o you will bum cleaner and take no
               chancea with fire. DO HAVE YOUR CHIMNEY
               CLEANED & CHECKED ANNUALLY by a reg*
               iatered & bonded chimney aowep!
                                                         on Carbon
                 •.-.-	(CO). Butaccordtaato preBrninary iesting, the cause Is
                N -I30* woodsmoki Wfe solve our woodsmoke problem, we wifl most
                &.®t*& solV€.tn« CO problemLCO J» continuously monitored in"the
                                           (ppmK
              D*t*laptd by Klamath County Dfpartmtnt of Health Serolaa and funded In part, by gmnto
              ^om BonntuO* Pow*r /Wmmtanttton. Oregon State Department of Energy, Oregon State Depart-
              nwnto/ £no
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                                   -.  .   •-•,..  «
                             VOLUNTEER FOR COMPLIANCE
                                       ANNOUNCErt.883-7449
                                          r to' Mich 3».~B:; -
                    MEASURE YOUR WOOD MOISTURE CONTENT AT YOUR
                           NEIGHBORHOOD FIRE DEPARTMENT
                           HOW TO GET YOUR WOOD CHECKED
                 Take wood samples from each cord of wood in your yard, to one of the fire
                 stations according to the schedule. The firemen on duty will check the wood
                 with a moisture meter. If your wood has more than 20 percent moisture in
                 it, PLEASE LET IT AGE A LITTLE LONGER before using it. If it should check
                 as less than 10% moisture, it's too dry - PLEASE think about using it as just
                 kindling.

                                CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT
                    Main Station, 143 Broad St — 8 a.m. - 5 p.m., Monday - Friday
                   Campus Dr. *2 Station House — 5 p.m. - 8 p.m., Monday - Friday
                    Shasta Way.& Mitchell *3 — 5 p.m. - 8 p.m., Monday - Friday
                         Weekends, usually available at Stations 2 & 3 only.

                            KLAMATH COUNTY FIRE DISTRICT
                      District *1, Gertie St — 1 p.m. - 4 p.m., Monday - Friday
                      District *2, Hilyard St. — 1 p.m. - 4 p.m., Monday - Friday
                      District *5, Hwy. 97 N. — 1 p.m. - 4 p.m., Monday - Friday
                             (Sorry, no weekend checking available)

                      STEWART-LENOX VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT
                 Wt are all volunteers -- we would be happy to check the moisture content of
                 your wood, but call us first for an appointment, 884-1670.

                          AIRPORT FIRE DEPARTMENT, KINGSLEY
                 Moisture checks for AIR NATIONAL GUARD and BASE EMPLOYEES ONLY!
                 Service available seven days a week.
                                  YOU CAN
                              IGNORE  US  ...
                          BUT UNLESS YOU
                  HELP, WE WONT GO AWAY!
                      'In Klamath County.. .Particulate Matters"
                                       A-90

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           SEASONS
           YOUR WOOD SUPPLY
           WILL MEAN MORE HEAT
           &LESS AIR POLLUTION!

           Residential woodburning is
           the number-one source of
           wintertime air pollution in
           Lane County.  Smoke emissions
           from wood stoves and fireplace
           inserts can cause health
           problems for local citizens
           on stagnant winter days.

           Follow these suggestions to
           minimize air pollution and
           increase heat efficiency:

           • Burn seasoned wood:
              Burning green or "wet"
              wood is like burning $SS.
              An equivalent amount of
              dry,  well-seasoned wood
              has 50% more  heat  value.
              Most local species of wood
              should  be seasoned for  at
              Teast six months.

             Burn hot:
              The first 30  minutes  is
              the period of greatest
              air pollution. /A  hot fire
              means a  cleaner  and more
              complete  burn.

  LAXE REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION AUTHORITY
  225 S. 5th, Sutce 501,  Springfteld
  726—2514
WOOD STORAGE

* Locate the stack where it will get
  the warm summer sun.

* Begin by laying two logs parallel to
  each other over the length of the
  intended stack.  This will keep the
  stack itself off the ground and allow
  for air circulation up through the
  stack.

* The ends of the pile should be built
  "log cabin" style,  with each course
  of, wood placed at right angles to the
  .pieces below it to  form a square
  "post."

* Provide shelter for the wood from the
  rain or snow by either storing the
  wood in a woodshed  or covering the
  stack with a sheet  of plastic that
  extends 10 inches down from the top.
ALDER

 DOUGLAS
  FIR

 OAK

 PINE
   MINIMUM
 OUTDOOR OBVINC
    r i ME
(split 4 covered)

 6 mo.-plus

   6 mo.


   6 mo.

   6 mo.
                         HEATING    EASE
                         VALUE    oT~
                          PER   SPLITTING
                      AIR-ORTEP-CORO	
 medium

 medium
easy

easy
  high  moderate

med.-low  easy
                                 "Reduce Pollution"
                        (Lane Regional Air Pollution Authority)

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                                 BURN  SMART
 Woodstoves

and air pollution
Smoke from burning wood for home heating is a
major air pollution problem in some communities.
Fine particles in smoke can adversely affect your
health as well as contribute to air pollution. In
some areas, air pollution from wood smoke vio-
lates federal clean air standards and uses up
airshed capacity that may be needed for economic
growth.

Proper operation of your woodstove or fireplace,
results in better use of your investment of time
and money. Woodburners can take steps now to
help reduce the level of air pollution by improving
their operating methods. Proper stove operation
will reduce your heating costs while helping to
clean the air, increase the heat output and enhance
stove safety by reducing creosote  buildup.


Conservation
Weatherize
Conservation is the cheapest way to cut heating
costs. Check the insulation in your home. By
improving your home weatherization, you will con-
serve energy and cut down your heating bills.

Stove selection
The most common buying mistake is selecting a
stove too large for the area you want to heat. A
stove that is too large must be dampered down,
creating smoke and increasing air pollution and
creosote buildup in the chimney. Make sure the
stove you purchase is the right one for your home.
See guidelines on matching home heat load to
stove size. Check the stove label for information
on efficiency and heat output.
                                                         Don't burn in moderate temperatures
                                                         Stoves that are choked down to restrict the amount
                                                         of heat generated, pollute more. Use alternative
                                                         sources of energy for heat, such as gas and elec-
                                                         tricity, when the outside temperatures are
                                                         moderate.
                                                         Operation
                                                         Build small, hot fires
                                                         The first 30 minutes in a burn cycle (after re-
                                                         loading fuel) is the period of greatest air pollution.
                                                         A hot fire will heat the stove up enough to burn
                                                         the wood completely and cleanly. It will also
                                                         reduce creosote buildup in the chimney and help
                                                         avoid chimney fires.

                                                         Don't burn at night
                                                         Don't try to burn at night. Warm your house in
                                                         the evening and start the fire again in  the morn-
                                                         ing. Night time fires are a major cause of air pol- •
                                                         lution, waste fuel and create a fire hazard. Always
                                                         follow the manufacturer's instructions  that came
                                                         with your stove.

                                                         Burn cleanly
                                                         To burn as cleanly as possible, check the smoke
                                                         coming from the chimney, viewing it against a
                                                         dark background if possible. The less smoke com-
                                                         ing out of the stack, the better.

                                                         Don't burn garbage
                                                         Materials other than wood can release  toxic fumes
                                                         in your house and around your neighborhood as
                                                         well as damage your woodstove. Never burn gar-
                                                         bage, plastic, or treated wood.
                      "Burn Smart...A Guide to Efficient Wood Burning*
                          (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)

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         Don't burn on poor air quality days
         On poor air quality days, avoid using your wood-
         stove or fireplace if possible. Use an alternative
         heat source, if you have one available, until the air
         quality improves.
         Installation
         Clean your chimney
         Keeping your chimney clean helps increase the effi-
         ciency of your stove as well as reduce the chance
         of a chimney fire. Make sure your stove is properly
         installed with the appropriate chimney system.
         Consult your dealer for specifics. If you  use your
         stove on a continual basis, clean your chimney at
         least once every two months.

         Stov* and chimney match
         Consult your stove dealer on proper stove installa-
         tion. Adequate draft,  especially for fireplace inserts
         and newer units, is critical for efficient stove oper-
         ation.
  Use dry, seasoned wood
 Wood with a high moisture content produces
 more smoke. Freshly cut wood should be split,
 stacked, covered and allowed to dry at least
 six months before it's burned. Some species,
 drying times and heating values are listed
 below.

 ALDER Dry for longer  than six months:
 medium heating value; easy to split; produces
 moderate amount of sparks.
 CEDAR Minimum drying time is six months;
 medium to low heating value; easy to split;
 produces many sparks.
 DOUGLAS FUt Minimum drying time is six
 months; medium heating value; easy to split;
 produces moderate amount of sparks.
 MADRONE Minimum drying time is six
 months; high heating value; difficult to split:
 produces few sparks.
 MAPLE Minimum drying time is six months;
 high to medium heatini?  value; somewhat dif-
 ficult to split; produces few sparks.
 OAK Minimum drying time is six months;
 high heating value; somewhat difficult to split:
 produces few sparks.
 PINE Minimum drying time is six months:
 medium to  low heating value; easy to split:
 produces moderate amount of sparks.
 WHITE FIR Minimum drying time is six
months; medium to low heating value; easy to
split: produces moderate amount of sparks.
                       "Burn Smart...A Guide to Efficient Wood Burniing'

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                  URN SMART
                 GOOD IDEAS FOR WOODSWVE USERS.
                 CUT YOUR COSTS AND REDUCE SMOKE.
 'Burn Smart: Good Ideas for Woodstove Users. Cut Your Costs and Reduce Smoke.'
             (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)

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     BURN RIGHT.
          BURN CLEAN. BURN HOT.
          BURN SMART. If you own a woodstove,
          great. They're cozy, satisfying to own and, if
          used properly, a reliable source of heat.
              But too much of a good thing can hurt our
          environment. You see, Mother Nature threw us a
          curve when she gave our community an air
          inversion "ceiling." This ceiling traps pollutants
          close to the ground and prevents them  from
          blowing away naturally. And even though folks
          have burned wood for years, the number of
          woodstoves has simply outgrown the airshed's
          capacity to clean itself.
              What can we do about this ceiling? Nothing.
                           But we can do  something
                             about what we put into the
                         s       air, by cutting down on
                         V     the amount  of pollu-
                         —}     tion we create in the
                               first place.
                             AIR INVERSION CEILINGS
                            are produced by a combina-
         tion of temperature, geography, altitude and
         wind speed. While this ceiling occurs at various
         times throughout the year, it's particularly bad
         during winter. That's when woodstoves fire up
         and add smoke to the other pollutants already
         suspended in the air.
             We[re not the only area with this problem.
         Other cities across the country have inversion
         layers too, and are working to solve their pollu-
         tion problems the same as we.
WHY WOODSMOKE IS A PROBLEM
     Woodsmoke isn't the only source of air pollution.
     But when too many homes fire up on stagnant
     air days, large amounts of smoke particles and
     toxic fumes become suspended in the air outside
     and even inside our homes.
        That's when  woodsmoke causes health prob-
     lems. Some particulates are so tiny they get
     inhaled deep into the lungs and can't escape.
     Young  children, the elderly, and people with
     breathing difficulties are especially at risk,
     because they don't have enough lung capacity to
     overcome the pollution.
        Woodsmoke lowers your resistance to
     infections like pneumonia. And it aggravates
     bronchitis, asthma and similar diseases in people
     of all ages.
WHEN YOU BURN SMART, YOU'LL
    PRODUCE LITTLE SMOKE That's because
    smoke is really unburned fuel. When wood
    burns hot, it combusts completely. If not, much
    of the wood turns into smoke and creosote . . .
    literally sending valuable energy and potential
    heat up the chimney.
        In fact, you can actually see the difference.
    A fire that burns properly creates little smoke.
    An  improperly  burning fire, one  that's  wasting
    wood, sends dense smoke out the chimney.'
    Go outside occasion-
    ally and look at how
    much smoke is coming
    from your chimney.
    Wait for 30 minutes
    after lighting the fire.
    If you see dense
    smoke, the fire is wast-
    ing wood and needs
    more air.

  "Burn Smart: Good Ideas for Woodstove Users. Cut Your Costs aind Reduce Smoke.

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    GET THE MOST FROM YOUR WOODSJWE
         Luckily, the steps that reduce smoke output are
         the same steps that actually save money. That's
         because proper burning techniques stretch your
         fuel dollar and provide more efficient heat.

         STOVE OPERATION There's a right way to oper-
         ate your stove ... and that's burn small, hot
        fires! A hot fire will get the most mileage from
         your wood by burning it completely and cleanly.
             Always burn briskly the first 30 minutes of
         a new fire. Overloaded stoves smolder, taking
         longer to catch.
             Avoid the temptation  to "hold" a fire over-
         night by cutting down the air supply. While it
         appears you're saving wood, mostly you're just
         creating smoke and creosote.
             Remember to follow your stove's instruction
         manual for best efficiency. Some catalytic com-
         bustion stoves, for example, may actually require
         less air than other stoves to operate at peak effi-
         ciency.


         STOVE INSTALLATION A MAINTENANCE Insulate
         and weatherstrip your home to keep valuable
         heat from escaping and cut down heating bills.
             Keep it clean! Chimneys should be cleaned
        every year to remove creosote (a by-product of
        combustion) that is the major cause of flue
         fires.
            Proper chimney size and height are  impor-
        tant for creating sufficient  draft.
            All new woodstoves require a permit to be
        installed,  to protect against house fires and
        allow the stove to operate efficiently. If your
        stove or insert was installed without a permit,
        it's a good idea to have an inspection by a local
        building official to make sure it's properly
        installed for maximum efficiency and safe use.
            Follow manufacturer's instructions for
        inspecting catalytic combustors  for deterioration.
 WOOD BURNING Woodstoves are made to burn
 wood, not trash. Garbage creates unpleasant
 odors and lowers your stove's efficiency. Gar-
 bage, plastics and treated wood damage your
 stove and give off toxic fumes.
     Dry, seasoned wood burns  hotter and more
 completely than green wood, for greater fuel
 efficiency and  cost savings. Dry wood reduces
 smoke and creosote build-up. Always allow at
 least six months drying  time and store your
 wood under cover.
     Hardwoods are the best buy for your
 money. That's  because they burn slower than
 softwoods. Choose madrone,  maple, Douglas fir
 or oak over softwoods such as alder, cedar, pine
 or white fir.


 BUYING A NEW STOVE Newer DEQ-certified
 woodstoves save money by burning wood effi-
 ciently. Firewood consumption is often reduced
 25%-33%, a considerable cost savings.
    When you buy a new stove,  make sure it's
 the right size for your house. Owners with
 woodstoves too big for their homes end up
dampering down their stoves sending more
smoke and valuable heat up the chimney.
  BURN RIGHT— Use the proper stove

  BURN SMART—Bum small, hot fires

  BURN CLEAN—Use proper fuel

  BURN HOT— Provide enough air
  "Burn Smart: Good Ideas for Woodstove Users.  Cut Your Costs and Reduce Smoke."

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                                 3/1.000 oz.
                                every 16 hours
             % to 1 Ib. pollution
               every 16 hours
             WOOD
NATURAL
  GAS
       Note No emissions an produced by electric heat.



 ABOUT PARTICULATES, AIR POLLUTION
     AND HEALTH Air pollution  comes in many
     forms. Some forms can be seen. Others can't.
     Together or separately, these pollutants create
     airborne garbage that can affect your health
     when  inhaled. Small particles are the major
     health offenders when it comes to woodsmoke.
         In 1987, the federal government issued a
     new standard limiting the amount of paniculate
     matter, 10 microns and smaller, in the air. For
     comparison, the period at the end of this sen-
     tence is about 500 microns in diameter. The
     standard,  called PM10, is designed to protect the
     public from fine paniculate pollution. These
     tiny panicles are a serious health concern and
     can become lodged in the lungs, reducing resis-
     tance to infections and aggravating respiratory
     diseases.
                 RESPONSIBLE WOODSTOVE
                     USE IS EVERYONE'S BUSINESS
                     In addition to cutting down on the amount Q(
                     smoke produced by your stove, you can go a
                     step further. Make sure you have an adequate
                     alternative heating source (oil, gas  or electric)
                     ready for use on days of highest paniculate pol-
                     lution. This means that you'll be able to switch
                     to a cleaner form of heat until air  quality
                     improves.
                         If a stove is your only source of heat,  con-
                     sider getting another source to use on high pol-
                     lution days.
                         We're not asking you to give up your stove.
                     Just learn to use it efficiently. Clean air  is  every-
                     one's responsibility . . . won't you do your part
                     and Burn Smart?
ENJOY YOUR STOVE.
AND BURN SMART!
  "Burn Smart: Good Ideas for Woodstove Users. Cut Your Costs and Reduce Smoke."
                                              A-97

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             Burning wood for home
             heating is the fastest
             growing source of air
             pollution in Oregon. In
             Portland and Medford,
             wood-heating smoke
             causes violations of
             dean Air Standards. In
             other parts of the
             state—Bend, Pendleton.
             Klamath Falls, The
             Dalles, Grants Pass,
             etc.—woodstove
             emissions are using up
             the airshed capacity that
             may be needed for
             growth.

             YOU CAN HELP
             REDUCE WOOD
             STOVE
             EMISSIONS
Weatherize
Conservation is the
cheapest way to cut
heating costs. And,
depending upon how far
you travel to get your
wood, it may be cheaper
for you to use a different
heat source.
Buy the right
sized stove

A stove too large for the
area you want to heat
must be dampered
down, creating smoke,
reducing efficiency and
creating creosote
buildup.




Burn dry.
seasoned wood
Dry wood burns cleaner
and more efficiently than
wet wood. Season split
wood by raising it off
the ground and covering
it. (See chart on reverse
side.) Never burn
garbage, plastic or
treated wood, as they
can release toxic fumes.

Build small
fires, burn hot
and restoke
Small fires with plenty of
oxygen bum cleanest.
Bum briskly the first 30
minutes after loading,
then keep fire at a
moderate bum rate.

Check your
stack and
clean your
chimney
Go outside and look at
smoke against a dark
background, if possible.
The less smoke coming
out of your stack, the
cleaner you're burning.
Keeping your chimney
clean helps increase
efficiency and safety.
Avoid use on
poor air quality
days if you have
another heat
source

_ AQ
&M388fi||
                                        For More Information:

                                !"fvironr"!ntal Quali*y- Air Quality Division, P.O. Box 1760. Portland, Oregon
                            , or toll-free in Oregon 1 -800-452-4011.
                                      "Burn Wood Better."
                        (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                                               A-98

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Species
AlaWr
CaWsr
Di»jl«« Fir
MlrffWM
Ma**.
Oak
KM
WUtaFtr
Minimum
Outdoor Drying
Time
(Split & Covered)
Longer than 6
months
6 MO.
6 MO.
6 MO.
6 MO.
6 MO.
6 MO.
6 MO.
Heating Value
Million Btu per
Air-Dried Cord
18-21
medium
14-20
medium-low
19-21
medium
30
high
19-21
high-medium
29-31
high
17
medium-low
17
medium-low
Ease of
Splitting
easy
easy
easy
difficult
moderate
moderate
easy
easy
Sparks
moderate
many
moderate
very few
few
few
moderate
moderate

       Ftre Prevention
       WfcfleiWoodcatting
       During font! fire season, about May through October.
       special regulation* may be In effect. Chain saw use may
       be banned entirely, or prohibited between  1-8 p.m.
       When you get your woodcutting permit, ask about any
       tpectaJ fire prevention regulations.

       Be alert to any changes in rules that come about because
       c4 increasing fire danger. During critical fire  weather.
       eampflres may be banned or smoking may be limited.
 Personal Safety
 While Woodcutting
 Woodcutter! should be alert to safely hazards posed by
 chain saws, physical exertion, driving on forest roads,
 and slips and mains in mountainous terrain.

 Chain saws are not toy* and should not be used by
 children. Many saws that woodcutters use are very imall.
 Make sure the sue of the chain saw matches the uzc of
 the wood you are trying to cut.

 Do not overload your veliicle or you may 911 stuck on
 forest roads. Keep the vetucle on firm ground or rocked
 roads.

 You should have a first aid kit. sturdy shoes, and eye and
car protection for your own iaf
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    CATALYTIC
    WOOD
    STOVES
             Oregon Department of
             Environmental Quality
  vy roodstove use in Oregon has increased
   W dramatically in the past few years,
  raising concern about effects on air quality.
  The 1983 Oregon Legislature passed a law
  limiting woodstove emissions and requiring
  the Department of Environmental Quality
  to certify ail woodstoves sold in Oregon
  after June 30,1986.  Reflecting the stricter
  standard* of the law, many new woodstove
  designs are appearing on the market. This
•  brochure describes one new type: catalytic
  woodstoves.
  Catalytic*: How they work
    Many woodstoves on the market today
  are equipped with catalytic combustors
  that work like a smog control device on a
  car to reduce emissions. Besides making
  stoves bum cleaner, combustors improve
  heating efficiency.
    in a noncatalytic woodstove operating at
  low to moderate heat, up to 30 percent of
  wood energy goes up the chimney as smoke
  - combustibles that didn't ignite. To cap-
  ture this energy, a conventional woodstove
  would have to bum at temperatures of up to
  10OTF.
    Catalytic stoves can bum woodsmoke at
  low temperatures, releasing energy that
  would otherwise be lost. As smoke passes
  through the combustor on its way to the
  chimney, a rare metal (usually platinum or
  palladium) coating on the combustor
  changes fuel molecules in the smoke so
  they bum at 500 to 600*F.
    Because they operate so efficiently at low
  and moderate heat levels, catalytic
  woodstoves are especially well-suited to
  Oregon's mild climate or to weatherized
  homes where a sustained hot fire is not
  needed.
  Comparing performance
   Well-designed catalytic stoves may cost
  $200 to $300 more than non-certified.
  conventional woodstoves, but offer these
  economic and air-quality benefits:
• Higher efficiency - catalytic woodstoves
  can reach overall efficiency approaching
  80% and provide nearly complete com-  '
                                     "Catalytic Wood Stoves"
                         (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                                                A-100

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              bustion, so energy doesn't go up the
              chimney in smoke.
             • Lett pollution - well-designed catalytic
              woodttoves produce 80 to 90 percent lea
              pollution than conventional stoves at low
              and moderate temperatures.
             • Leas firewood - catalytic woodstoves ute
              V4 to VS let* firewood became they bum
              mote completely.
                                 Newaovtda^n
            • Lot frequent chimney cleaning-
             catalytic woodstoves pnxiuce less creo-
             sote becaute they bum cleaner.
            • Lest fire hazard -complete combustion
             and lowe
                           atures means cleaner
             flue*.
            ' More time between reloading - catalytic
             stoves generally have larger fireboxes than
             Oregon-certified non-catalytic wood-
             stoves, so you don't need to refuel as
             often.
     Performance of catalytic stoves can vary,
   so check the performance label to see how
   well the stove is engineered. Quality of the
   stove components (thermostat, catalyst
   flame shield, seats and gaskets, bypass, and
   the catalyst itself) and construction deter-
   mine how long you can expect the stove to
   maintain its tested iwrformance level.
   Catalytic combustocs do degrade over time
   and eventually must: be replaced.
   Operating a catalytic woodstove
     To get the high efficiency, low emissions
   and safety benefits ofacatalytic woodstove,
   follow these guidelines:
 • Bum only untreated, seasoned wood.
   DEQ strongly recommends against bum-
   ing garbage or packaging in any woodstove
   because harmful or toxic fumes may be
   emitted into your home or neighborhood.
   If you must bum anything besides wood,
   bypass die combustor to protect it from
  damage.
 • Be sure the combustor is ignited. It must
  be heated to about 5007 to begin to
  work. Bum die stows moderately hot for
  10 to 30 minutes. It'll best to check the
  temperature using a otalyst temperature
  probe. Some stoves come equipped with a
  probe, or you may buy a probe for under
  $20 from most woodxtove dealers. If
  the stove cools down too far between
  refueling, you may have to re-ignite the
  combustor.
• Never let the combuator temperature
  exceed 1800*F to avoid damage. If you
  bum at high heat, optimum combustor
  temperature is 1200 to HOOT.
• Take care not to jar or scrape the com-
  bustor or blow it with compressed air.
• Be sure to choose the right size catalytic
 stove for your heating needs, and see that
 your chimney provides proper draft.
 How long do combiustors last?
   Expect your catalytic combustor to
 operate effectively for 6,000 to 12,000
 hours.'That's about 3 to 5 years' worth of
 wood at average bum'rates for Oregon's
 climate. Oregon-certiiSed woodstoves must
                                          "Catalytic Wood Stoves"
                                                       A-101

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Materials
           cany a minimum 2-year full-replacement
           warranty. Some manufacturers offer longer,
           prorated warranties.
             To tell if the combustor is wearing out,
           look for a significant increase in chimney
           smoke when burning at low temperatures.
           Better yet, check the temperature inside
           the combustor at the beginning and middle
           of a low heating cycle.  If the unit can't
           maintain 900 to 1000*F, replace it.
             The most accurate way to determine if
           the combustor is worn out is to monitor
           temperature above and below the catalyst.
           An active combustor increases gas tempera-
           ture as the gases leave the combustor.
             It's generally easy to replace a combustor
           and you can do it in a matter of minutes
           without special tools. Replacements sell for
           $70 to $140.
           Is a catalytic woodstove worth the
           extra cost?
            You can expect to recover the costs of a
           catalytic stove and replacement combustors
           by saving on fuel costs. Because of the
           greater efficiency of catalytics, expect to
           save $10 to $20 per cord of wood burned.
           depending on whether you cut your own
           firewood or pay up to $90 a cord. (Cutting
           your own firewood really costs you about
           $50 a cord considering cost of a cutting
           permit, transportation, and chainsaw
           maintenance and depreciation.)
 What about retrofitting?
   If you have a conventional woodstove,
 you can buy a catalytic combustor that goes
 inside the stove or is attached at the flue
 collar. Preliminary testing shows that
 add-on devices are less effective than
 catalytic combustors designed as an integral
 partofnewwopdstoves. But they do reduce
 emissions by 30 to 50 percent, depending
 on design, stove type and operating condi-
 tions.
 For more information
   Call the Oregon Department of Environ-
 mental Quality at 229-6488 or toll-free at
 1-800-452-4011. Other brochures include
 Oregon Certified Woodstoves, Matching
 Woodstove Size to Heating Needs, and List
 of DEQ Certified Stoves.
Department of Environmental Quality
811 S.W. Sixth Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97204
                                           "Catalytic Wood Stoves"
                                                        A-102

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  C_E_RT.             E
  WOOD
  STOVES
    Approved by Oregon DEQ
              Oregon Department of
              Environmental Quality
  T n recent years, more Oregonians than
  JL ever have purchased woodstoves and
  fireplace inseits. Concerned about air
  pollution from increased wood burning,
  the 1983 Oregon Legislature passed the
  nation's first law restricting woodstove
  emissions. This brochure describes Ore-
  gon's -woodsto ve law and how it may affect
  your purchase of a woodstove or fireplace
  insert.
  What does the law say?
   All new woodstoves or fireplace inseits
  sold in Oregon after June 30, 1986 must be
  certified as a "clean burner" by the Oregon
  Department of Environmental Quality.
   Manufacturers must have each stove
 model tested by a DEQ-approved, indepen-
 dent laboratory. The lab measures emis-
 sions and efficiency when the stove is
 operating at low, medium, high and
 maximum heat output. Stoves failing to
 meet the DEQ standards may not be sold in
 Oregon. DEQ will be checking retail
 outlets for compliance with the law.
   The certification program does not
 apply to used stoves offered for sale, stoves
 installed in Oregon homes before the
 standards take effect, central furnaces or
 fireplaces.
  The law Calls for phased-in restrictions
 on woodstove emissions. This gives man-
 ufacturers time to develop a variety of
 woodstoves that meet the standards, so
 consumers hav« a choice of styles and types
 of stoves. For example, one of the newest
 U.S. designs on the market is the catalytic
 woodstove. (See DEQ brochure on Cataly-
 tic Woodstoves for details.)
 Reducing emiissions for cleaner air
  The 1986 limit reduces emissions by
about 50 percent. The 1988 standard
reduces them by about 75 percent.
  Emissions are measured in grams of
smoke per hour. Catalytic stoves have
tougher standards because their perform-
ance degrades with time.
                                     "Certified Wood Stoves"
                         (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                                                A-103

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           Oregon emissions standards
                      Catalytic
                      stoves
                          Noncatafyac
                          stoves
           1986 limit
           1988 limit
             6 grams/hour  15 grams/hour
             4 grams/hour   9 grams/hour
    When you buy an Oregon-certified
  woodstove you are getting an appliance
  that is proven efficient and clean burning.
  As a stove owner you are responsible for
  seeing that your stove continues to perform
  with peak efficiency and lowest emissions.
  Be sure to:
• Follow the manufacturer's instructions
  for installing, operating and maintaining
  your stove.
• Bum only seasoned, untreated wood.
• Clean your stove and chimney when
  needed.
• Replace stove parts that are worn,
  especially the combustor if you have a
  catalytic woodstove.
  Look for the label
   Oregon-certified stoves  carry two labels
  describing their tested performance. A
  permanent metal label shows emissions and
  efficiency levels for a range of heat outputs.
 This tells you the optimum performance
  level of that particular stove. A removable
 "showroom" label compares the stove's
 average performance with  Oregon's emis-
 sions standards. Average emission and
                    Hta output BTU/hr.
  efficiency are calculated for the typical
  residential heating demand in Oregon.
  The label helps you compare different stove
  models.
    While testing and certification is not
  mandatory until July 1. 1986, some man-
  ufacturers are voluntarily having their
  stoves tested and labeled now. In fact, some
  stoves meeting 1988 standards are already
  being marketed. DEQ keeps a list of ap-
  proved stoves as they are certified, includ-
  ing information on stove performance and
  operating conditions, such as draft, heat
  output and time between refueling.
  Benefits for consumers
    Besides promoting cleaner air, Oregon's
  Woodstove Certification Program offers
  these benefits:
• Woodstoves that bum  cleaner are more
  energy efficient. They  bum wood more
  completely, extracting the most energy,
  reducing your firewood use and cost.
                                                                         Typical un*xhtm'c
                                                                                               Jtugn
                                            "Certified Wood Stoves"
                                                        A-104

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               • Cleaner stoves ate safer stoves. More
                complete combustion means less creosote.
                You have less risk of a chimney fire and
                less frequent need for cleaning.
               • The new labels give you standardized,
                factual information to make a decision
                about buying a woodstove or fireplace
                insert. By carefully reading the emissions
                and efficiency labels, you can select the
                proper size stove for your particular heat-
                ing needs, and know where the stove
                operates at optimum efficiency and lowest
                emissions.
               • You know your certified stove helps meet
                DEQ's clean air standards and should not
                cause excessive smoke and odor that
                makes some stoves a neighborhood
 For more information
   Call the Oregon Department of Environ-
 mental Quality at 229-6488 or toll-free at
 1-800-452-4011. Other brochures include
 Catalytic Woodstoves, Matching Wood-
 stove Size to Heating Needs, and List of
 DEQ Certified Woodstoves.
                Installing an Oregon certified stove
                  An important part of woodstove installa-
                tion is the design and construction of the
                chimney. Ask your dealer to help determine
                proper chimney size and design to match
                the stove you buy, and meet fire safety
                requirements.
                  Get a building permit and have your
                installed stove or fireplace insert inspected
                by the local building department.  Your
                home fire insurance may be invalid without
                proof of inspection.
Department of Environmental Quality
522 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Box 1760
Portland, Oregon 97207
                                         "Certified .Wood Stoves"
                                                     A-105

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                     CLEAN Aw CUNT
        A GUIDE FOR TEACHERS CONCERNED ABOUT WOODSTOVE SMOKE
      "Clean Air Clint Takes on Particle Pete in the Battle for Oregon's Skies'
               (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                            A-106

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                         HEATING  WITH WOOD
     Burn Smart
     Burning wood for home heating is the
     most rapidly growing source of air pollu-
     tion in some communities. Woodstove
     and fireplace smokr is especially trouble-
     some during periods of stagnant air when
     pollutants are trapped near the ground.
     Woodburners can learn to Burn Smart
     and help reduce the level of air pollution.
     Proper stove operation can save you
     money by increasing the effectiveness of
     your woodstove. It  also results in cleaner
     air, increased heat output and greater
     safety by reducing creosote buildup.


     It's your health
     Particulate matter—the tiny particles in
     smoke and dust—is a serious health con-
     cern. These tiny particles can become
     lodged in the lungs, reducing our resis-
     tance to infections and aggravating bron-
     chitis, asthma, emphysema or similar
     diseases. Research has shown that parti-
     cles less than 10 microns in diameter pose
     the greatest  concern to health because
     they can be inhaled deep into the lungs.
     Woodstove smoke is of special concern
     because the smoke particles are almost all
     in the inhalabie range and are produced
     during the winter when the serious air
     inversions occur.
 A new federal standard
 The federal government has issued a new
 standard limiting the amount of panicu-
 late matter, 10 microns and smaller,  in
 the air. This standard, called PM10,  is
 designed to protect the public from fine
 paniculate pollution. The major source
 of small particles in some areas is wood-
 stoves.


 Geography/meteorology
 are part of the problem
 Nature plays a role in air pollution prob-
 lems. Low wind speeds  and temperature
 inversions during the winter trap pollu-
 tants in the stagnant air. Smoke and
 other pollutants can build up to
 unhealthful levels. On days when air  pol-
 lution potential is high, avoid using your
 woodstove or fireplace, if possible.


 Stove selection
 Choosing a wood stove involves  several
 factors: price, efficiency, safety and size.
The most common mistatke is selecting a
stove too large for the area you want  to
heat. A stove that is too large must be
dampered down, creating smoke  and
increasing air pollution and creosote
buildup in the chimney.
                                 "Heating with Wood"
                     (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                                         A-107

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         Stove operation
         No two stoves are exactly alike and they
         may operate under different principles.
         For example,  the operation of a catalytic
         stove is different from the conventional
         model, while  both operate entirely differ-
         ent from a pellet stove. Check your
         retailer or manufacturer's instructions on
         proper operation.


         Season your wood
         Moisture content of firewood can deter-
         mine how efficiently your stove operates.
         Burning wood that is not seasoned means
         losing money by losing available heat
         value. It also  means increased  main-
         tenance on your stove  and more air pol-
         lution. Wood  should be split and  loosely
         stacked in a dry place  for six to eight
         months before use.
  You can help now
 You can start solving the problem
 today by Burning Smart.
 ° Use your stove efficiently by burn-
   ing only dry, seasoned wood.
 D If you don't have to burn at night,
   don't. Nighttime Tires are a major
   cause of air pollution, waste fuel
   and create a fire hazard. Always
   follow the manufacturer's instruc-
   tions that came with your stove.
 a Keep your stove properly main-
   tained. Check  your stack for creo-
   sote buildup—a major cause of
   house fires.
 o Never burn garbage, plastic  or
   treated wood because they can
   release toxic fumes and damage
   catalytic combusters installed in
   some stoves.
 n  Install stoves properly. Adequate
  draft is important for proper oper-
  ation.
 ° Don't burn on  poor air quality
  days.
 Reducing the high levels of paniculate
 on winter days will improve air qual-
 ity and decrease health risk. More
 efficient burning  will save consumers
 money because they will burn less
 wood. Improving air quality will also
 benefit tourism and leave room in the
airshed for new industry.
                                     'Heating with Wood"
                                             A-1 OH

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Materials
                              KEEPING  WOOD  DRY
      Shed will help you

      dry, season wood
      If you burn dry, seasoned wood, you will operate
      your stove more efficiently, save money by reduc-
      ing the amount of wood you burn, and reduce air
      pollution. Smoke from woodstoves and fireplaces
      is a major problem in some communities.
      Wood with a high moisture content produces more
      smoke.  Freshly cut wood should be split, stacked,
      covered and allowed to dry at least six months
      before it is burned.
      The two-cord woodshed illustrated below will help
      shelter your wood while it is drying. The roof will
      hold a snow load of 60 pounds per square foot.
      The structural support pieces (header beams, main
      vertical supports and roof joists) should be of high
      quality lumber. Used lumber or plywood cut to
      size  may be substituted for the wails. The roof
      may be covered with either sheet metal pieces or
      corrugated fiberglass. These materials shed snow
      better than wood or shingles.
      It is best to situate the open front of the wood-
      shed in  the direction most protected from wind,
      rain  and snow. A floor of 2"x 12" planks, wood
      pallets or other scrap lumber will keep firewood
      off the ground and increase air circulation. When
      filling the finished woodshed with firewood,
      remember to allow space at the sides and top for
      plenty of air circulation.
  Use dry, seasoned wood
-Wood with a high moisture content produces
 more smoke. Freshly cut wood should be split,
 stacked, covered and allowed to dry at least
 six months before it's burned. Some species,
 drying times and heating values are listed
 below.

 ALDER Dry for longer than six months;
 medium heating value; easy to split; produces
 moderate amount of sparks.
 CEDAR Minimum drying time is six months;
 medium to low  heating value; easy to split;
 produces many sparks.

 DOUGLAS FIR Minimum drying time is six
 months; medium heating value; easy to split;
 produces moderate amount of sparks.
MADRONE Minimum drying time is six
months; high heating value; difficult to split;
produces few sparks.

MAPLE Minimum drying time is six months;
high to medium  heating; value; somewhat dif-
ficult to split; produces few sparks.
OAK Minimum drying time is six months;
high heating value; somewhat difficult to split;
produces few sparks.

PINE Minimum  drying time is six months;
medium to low heating value; easy to split;
produces moderate amount of sparks.
WHITE FIR Minimum drying time is six
months; medium to low heating value; easy to
split; produces moderate amount of sparks.
                                  "Keeping Wood Dry"
                      (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                                          A-I09

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                                     CORRUGATED FIBERGLASS OR
                                     OTHER MATERIAL OVER 3/8'
                                     COX PLYWOOD OH 2"x2-
                                     CROSSPIECES 16- O.C.
                                                                                   2-xl  HOOF JOISTS
                                                                                   16- ON CENTER
                                                                                                18- OVERHANG
  STAGGERED
  1-x6- 3- ON
  CENTER OR
  COX PLYWOOD
  CUT TO 6--T
  WIDTHS.
  KEEPS OUT
  HORIZONTAL
  RAIN AND
  ALLOWS GOOD
  VENTILATION.
                                                                                            BURY 4"»4-
                                                                                            BEAMS FOR
                                                                                            SUPPORT
                                                            Materials list
                                                            Four 4"x4"x8' beams
                                                            Two 2"x10"x8' header beams
                                                            Six 2"x4"xff studs
                                                            Ten 1"x6"x8' rough finish boards
                                                            Ten 1"x6"x10' rough finish boards
                                                            Four 2"x 8" corrugated fiberglass
                                                            Two %"x4"x8' exterior plywood
                                        "Keeping Wood Dry"
                                                  A-110

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Materials
                  SIZING

                  WOOD

                  STOVES
                  Matching Heating Capacity To Heating Needs
                      Oregon Department of

                      Environmental Quality
                        "Sizing Wood Stoves"

               (Oregon Department of Environmental Quality)
                             A-lll

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Materials
        "KT ow that you've decided to buy a
        1N woodstove, how do you select the
        tight model for your home? Performance is
        important. Appearance is a consideration.
        But an often overlooked element is size.
        You want a stove that provides needed heat
        during the coldest periods you will operate
        it, but won't overheat your space during
        wanner days*
          loo often buyers dunk bigger is better
        and get a stove that far exceeds their heat-
        ing needs. Buying a stove with more heating
        capacity than you need U a waste of money,
        and it's inefficient. To keep your room from
        overheating, you may have to open windows.
        On the other hand, buying too small a stove
        may not keep your home warm enough.
          The right size woodstove for you is one
        that keeps your home at the right tempera-
        ture and operates most efficiently at the
        heating level rhat matches your most frequent
        heating need*. Oregon-certified wood-
        stoves are labelled with stove performance
        data that gives you a unique opportunity
        to properly match stove size to home
        heating needs.
        Some things to think about
          The key to selecting the proper size stove
        is determining your true heating needs.
       • Do you intend to use die stove all through
        die heating season as your sole heat source i
       • Will you operate the stove off and on over
        the entire heating season, using your con-
        ventional heat source on the warmest days
        and to supplement your woodstove on die
        coldest days?
       • Do you want to be able to heat your home
        on the coldest and warmest days of the
        heating season using only the woodstove?
       • How much area must die stove heat - your
        whole house, or just the family living areas?
       • Do you want a stove that bums for hours
        without refueling, or are you willing to get
        up every hour or so to add wood?
          Now that you've thought about how you
        will use your stove, you're ready to calculate
        your actual heat load need.
Calculating home heating needs
  Three factors determine heating needs:
square footage of area to be heated; amount
of weatherization; and outside temperature.
  Estimate die square footage you expect
the stove to heat. Keep the stove's location
in mind. If you have a long ranch-style or
a two-story home with die stove on die
second floor, you may not be able to heat
your entire home with the woodstove unless
you use the forced air circulation system on
your conventional furnace.
  Determine your level of weatherization
based on die descriptions in die tables below.
The better weadierized your home, die
lower your heat load need and wood use.
  Now find die range of outside tempera-
tures when you'll be using die stove. In
most cases if your stove is used to supple-
ment your conventional heat source, use
die "average" category to determine your
heating need. But if you will run die stove
as your sole heat source during die heating
season temperature extremes, refer to die
high and low categories in die table.
                                             "Sizing Wood Stoves"
                                                        A-U2

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Materials
WESTERN OREGON HEATING NEEDS (BTU/hr.)
t400iq.ft.j«,'
Hat laid
OutMoc iGffipGiuuK
DcpiahatincKMDn
BOORWEATHEREATION:
nowiUorceilincnuukdon
nan* is Soar
AVERAGEWEATHEREATION:
3V4*inwtll», 6*inc«ling
none in floor
«nfUp«ne windowi
MAMMUMWEATHEREATION:
3Wtaw*lk9"tacetlinf
6" in floor
douhfejantwajdowi
LOW
more than 53*F
36 -
lewdunU.CXtl
lot dun 9,000
lea than 5,000
AVERAGE
53'»36T
141
13,000(031,000
9,000 to 22,000
5,000 to 13.000
EASTERN OREGON HEATING NEEDS (BTU/hr.)
M00«*ft.««'
Hacked
OuaidiTeBveaan
D«7»io hating «tMon
POraWEATHEREATION:
no w»U or ceUbif inwbtion
non« in floor
AVERAGE WEATHEREATION:
3WinwElk,6-incalin<
nom in floor
rinckp«nc>.inluwi
MAXttftJM WEATHEREATION:
SWlnwmlk.o'kiaainf
6* In floor

LOW
more thai 52*F
36
IcBtnan H.Ool
t
le» than 10.000
le« than 6,000
AVERAGE
5r»3rF
141
14.000037,000
10,000 to 26,000
. 6,000 to 15.000
TodcwmimiMK k»d fbrocheiquBr feoage, uie thuformuk:
AaalhacmcnMd - .00071 x KnMiare. to be heated <«q. ft.) x heat bid ftom able in BTXJ/hr














                                                    HIGHEST
                                                      1ST
                                                     54,000
                                                     38,000
                                                     22,000
                         "Sizing Wood Stoves"
                              A-113

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Materials
             From the tables you should now have an
           idea of your lowest and highest heating
           needs in BTUs per hour, and your heating
           need for the conditions when you most
           frequently use your stove.
           Matching heat need to stoves
             All new woods to ves sold in Oregon after
           June 30,1986 must be certified by DEQ and
           carry two labels which show they have been
           tested by a DEQ-approved, independent
           laboratory that measures emissions and
           efficiency of the stove. Use die performance
           information on die labels to find die right
           size stove to match your heating needs.
                                               Peak Efficiency
                    ThoutmdsofBTU/hr.

             Pint check die removable "showroom"
           label diat gives die heat output range of die
           stove in BTUs per hour. This range should
           match your maximum and minimum heating
           needs at closely as possible. For example, if
           you need 9,000 to 22,000 BTUs an hour,
           you won't want a stove that operates only
           in die 20,000 to 35.000 BTU range.
             Next check die permanent metal label
           to see at what BTU level die stove operates
           toon efficiently. Compare it to die BTU
           level you'll most frequently need. If you'll
           usually require about 15,000 BTUs an hour,
           look for a stove that operates most
           efficiently at that heat level. In some cases
           it may not be pouible to perfectly match
           moK frequent heating needs to maximum
 stove efficiency levels, but at least take this
 factor into consideration when shopping
 for a stove.
   The information on die two labels helps
 you find stoves that match your particular
 heating needs. Keep in mind, however,
 that die performance data on die labels is
 based on uniform test conditions. Actual
 home conditions may produce a wider range
 of heat outputs depending on die type and
 quantity of wood used, manner of stove
 operation, installation and chimney draft.
 Nevertheless, die label information gives a
 good indication of die relative performance
 of various stoves.
   By selecting die proper size stove for your
 heating needs you are helping yourself and
 your community. Buying a stove with the
 right heating capacity gives you top effi-
 ciency, which means you save money on
 wood by getting die most energy out of
 each log. You're also bunting a cleaner, less
 polluting stove.
   If you need help determining how your
 heating needs match various stoves, ask
 your woodstove dealer, who can also advise
 you on proper, safe installation of any
 woodstove.
 For more information
   The Oregon Department of Environ*
 mental Quality has a list of Oregon-certified
woodstoves that includes comparative
 information about emissions and efficiency,
heat output range and time between refuel-
ing. Other DEQ brochures include Oregon
Certified Woodstoves and Catalytic
Woodstoves.  This information is free for
the asking. Call 229-6488 or toll-free
 1-800-452-4011.
                                              "Sizing Wood Stoves"
                                                        A-114

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Materials
         Air Pollution Control
             in Vermont
   Backyard
      Burning
                                        Tlw Vennont Air Pollution Control Division was established
                                       to maintain and improve the quality of Vermont's air. dean air
                                       will safeguard our citizens' health and safety, promote
                                       economic and social development, and enhance enjoyment of
                                       the state's natural attractions.
                                        The program described in this pamphlet is one of several
                                       administered by the Department of Environmental
                                       Conservation as pan of this mission.
                                      Questions?
                                       For more information about backyard burning or other air
                                      pollution issues, or to recejve more copies of this pamphlet,
                                      call the Air Pollution Control Division at (802) 244-8731.
                                       For information on recycling, call the Recycling Hotline
                                      at 1-800-932-7100, or your local solid waste district office.
                                                    Air Pollution Control Division
                                             Department of Environmental Conservation
                                                     Agency of Natural Resources
                                                        Waterbury.VT 05676
                                                   Pamphlet No. 2, October 1989
                           "Backyard Burning"
                   (Vermont Air Pollution Control Division)
                                 A-115

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Materials
    So You Want

    To  Burn  Something?

     Open-air burning is sort of a tradition. You know, you put
   some brush, leasts, old newspapers, junk from Ac attic, or
   maybe construction debris in a big pile in a field or in a bum
   band and light a match. Disposal fees at the local landfill go
   19 in smoke.
     A lot of other tilings go up in smoke, too — things that can
   cause serious health problems and damage the environment
   Hut's why the Legislature, through the state Agency of
   Natural Resources, has established regulations to control air
   pollution. Then simply isn't enough clean air left to do
   whatever we want We must protect ourselves from the
   harmful effects of outdated "traditions'' such as open-air
   burning.
     Roughly 7 to 9 percent of what you bum ends up as air
   pollution, with some pollutants being highly trade And that
   figure does not include the large amount of carbon dioxide, a
   common "greenhouse gas," that is given off
  There are many effects of open-air burning, some of which
are more immediate than others. The smoke from your fire
might not bother you, but it could be a real nuisance or a
serious health threat to your neighbor, especially if he has any
respiratory illnesses. And, a variety of illnesses can actually be
caused, over time, by air pollution, including cancer,
emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis.
  Let's lace it A lot of open burning just isn't necessary. Brush
could be composted, piled up for wildlife, or just left to rot.


Isn't There  Anything

I Can Still Burn?

  Yes, certain kinds of open burning are still allowed if they
don't create a nuisance and if they are not prohibited by local
ordinances. These types of fires are allowed:
    • Campfires and outdoor barbecues
    • Burning of leaves, brush, deadwood, tree cuttings, and
     weeds from your property
    • Wood bonfires on festive occasions

  However, it is illegal to bum:
    • Paper and cardboard
    • Tires and other rubber products
    • Treated, painted, or finished wood
    • Plastics
    • Garbage
  Think again before you light that match. Many
recycling centers around the state accept paper,
cardboard and various plastics. Open burning is
simply a very poor way of getting rid of
combustible trash.
                                         'Backyard Burning"

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Materials
                            What Must I Do If

                            Fm Planning A Burn?

                             You do not need a general air pollution permit for allowable
                            flies. However, in many cases you will need a local permit —
                            from either your town or the local forest fire warden. Open
                            burning is considered a nuisance, and officials may establish
                            rufcs to lessen the nuisance. Check with local officials if you
                            have any questions.
                             If you're considering burning large quantities of materials,
                            you might need a permit from the Air Pollution Control
                            Division of the state Department of Environmental
                            Conservation (244-8731). A permit may or may not be
                            issued, depending on the individual situation.
                                    'Backyard Burning'
                                           A-117

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A-I18

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Materials
               THE TOWIM OF FIRCREST
                   WASHINGTON'S
                       Model
                     CLEAN AIR
                    COMMUNITY
        "The Town of Fircrest—Washington's Model Clean Air City"
             (Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Authority)
                         A-119

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Materials
         A COMMUNITY PROBLEM

            • Air Pollution

              • Health Risk

               • Fire Hazard
        A COMMUNITY SOLUTION
            • An Informed Public

             • No Burning During Air Stagnation Episodes

               • Proper Installation, Operation
                 & Maintenance of Wood Stoves
        "The Town of Fircrest—Washington's Model Clean Air City"
                       A-120

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Materials
          WASHINGTON WOOD STOVE
                LEGISLATION
     • Education

     • Emission standards for new
       wood stoves

     • Restrictions on smoke emissions

     • Use of alternate heat source
       during air stagnation episodes

     « Restrictions on allowable fuel

       • No garbage burning

       • Dry, untreated wood and
        paper only
               WRONG
     A smoldering, damped-down fire.
          J.XJWJN  Of FIRCREST

 FIRCREST EPISODE CURTAILMENT



• Implementation of State
  legislation

• Media & Fircrest  'Hotline'
  announcements of pollution
  episodes

• Citizen responsibility

  • Switch to alternate
   heat source

• Community Enforcement

  • Verbal contact

  • Written warning

 • Fines



 To Find Out No-Burn Days, Call:

 • PSAPCA: (206) 286-8612

 • Ecology: 1-800-523-INFO

 • ALA: 1-800-732-9339
            "The Town of Fircrest—Washington's Model Clean Air City"
                                    A-121

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Materials
         WHAT YOU CAN DO
    TO REDUCE HEALTH IMPACTS
          OF WOODSMOKE

   Choose a clean heat source

   Switch to cleaner heat source
   during air stagnation episodes

   If you use wood heat:

   • Use a certified stove, size correctly,
     install properly, have inspected

   • Use burning techniques to
     minimize emissions
     • quick,  hot fires
     • burn only dry, untreated wood

   1 Don't damper down at night

   Keep chimney dean
  For More Information, Call:

  • Washington Energy Extension Service:
    1-800-962-9731
        WOODSMOKE FACTS

• Adults and children exposed to
  woodsmoke experience increased
  respiratory illness

• Woodsmoke contains a number of
  dangerous toxics and carcinogens

• 200 -1,700 times more pollution is
  emitted from an average wood stove
  than a comparable gas or oil home
  heater

• Wood stoves are a major cause of
  residential fires in all northwest states

      For Details, Call:

           • Fircrest:
           • (206)564-8900

           • Puget Sound Air Pollution
            Control Agency
            (PSAPCA):
            (206) 344-7335

               • American Lung
                Association (ALA):
              •  1-800-732-9339
                                                 Ecology (WDOE): 1-800-523-INFO
             "The Town of Fircrest—Washington's Model Clean Air City"
                                     A-122

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                  LIFE,  HEALTH
                            AND
                  WOODSMOKE
    V
     V**
    V
                        WASHINGTON
                     INSURANCE COUNCIL
                        1218 Third Avenue
                     Seattle, Washington 98101
                         (206) 624-3927
   •*     «•
                                                       WIG'S INTEREST IN WOOO8URNING
  The Washington Insurance Council (WIG) is a
  voluntary trade group of insurance companies,
  agencies and insurance organizations doing
  business in Washington, Our membership  in-
  cludes  companies  writing  life-health  and
  property-casualty insurance. WIG has an  in-
  terest in woodburning on behalf of companies
  providing coverage in both areas of insurance.

  WIC's  life-health membership wants  to en-
  courage Washington state residents to adopt
  health-conscious  behaviors. The  health-
  conscious  insurance customer makes better
  choices at  issues related to his or her well-
  being,  decreasing  the risk of suffering from
  sickness or disease.

  The property-casualty members of WIG have
  promoted the safety  consciousness  of  in-
  surance customers for several years. Education
 about correct installation, use and maintenance
• of woodstoves helps prevent fires, loss of life
 and property damage.

 Our interest in life-health issues and choices
 related  to health behavior, as well as  safety
 issues for property-casualty insurers, may ap-
 pear to be self-serving, but the insurance pur-
 chaser  ultimately will pay the  cost of eveiy
 claim.  Good health  and safety choices also
 serve your interest, and we hope you'll read the
 information that follows in that light.

 One last note: WIG is not discouraging or en-
 couraging woodburning  as  a method  of
 residential  heating.  As  an   industry,  we
 recognize that wood heating is here to stay. But
 certain problems associated with woodburning
 can be lessened through education, which will
 lead to better choices about health and safety.
                              "Life, Health and Woodsmoke"
                              (Washington Insurance Council)
                                           A123

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         RESPONSIBLE WOODBURNING

    Woodburning is  a popular  method of home
    heating  in  Washington.   However,  the
    byproducts of woodburning can be significant
    factors affecting our quality of life and living.

    The Washington Insurance  Council supports
    educational  efforts to help  woodburners  be
    good neighbors-good  neighbors  concerned
    about air quality. If you are a woodburner, you'll
    be a good neighbor when you:'

     • Insulate  and  weatherstrip the  home  to
       conserve heat. You can use a  smaller
       woodstove and burn less wood.

     • Burn seasoned wood. Green wood just
       smolders and  smokes without producing
       much heat. An average 16-pound piece of
       freshly cut alder contains about 21/z quarts of
       moisture!

     • Achieve proper burning  temperatures. A
       properly functioning appliance should  not
       produce more than a pale  gray wisp  of
       smoke.

     • Use wood only in  your appliance. Avoid
       burning trash,  treated materials or coal that
       give  off  poisonous gas, cancer-causing
       chemicals or noxious compounds.

     • Consider the  air quality  before you burn
       wood. Use the central heating in your home
       when an air quality alert is declared in your
       area. It adds fewer  emissions to smog and
       haze.

     The following panels summarize  possible  ef-
     fects of woodsmoke on your life, health and
     wallet. Be a good neighbor	be a responsible
     woodburner.
         WHAT IS WOODSMOKE?

Woodsmoke is a product of burning wood. It in-
cludes water vapor, toxic  gases and fine par-
ticulate matter. The quantity and composition of
woodsmoke varies depending on fuel and burn-
ing temperature.

Water vapor is the least offensive by-product of
woodburning. As  a naturally-occurring com-
pound, water vapor is the most easily absorbed
component released in the atmosphere.

Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide also are
naturally  occurring compounds but  are
dangerous gases. Both can cause fatal asphyx-
iation.

The fine paniculate matter found in woodsmoke
includes  polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH).  Any fine particulates may  be  inhaled
deep into the lungs where they irritate sensitive
tissues.   Persons  with existing  respiratory
disease such as asthma, emphysema or bron-
chitis are particularly susceptible to the irritating
effects  of fine particulate emissions. Some  of
the PAH  compounds also are known  to be
cancer-causing agents.

Fourteen  PAH  compounds known to  cause
cancer have been  identified in woodsmoke.
Concentrations of one of the compounds ap
proximated  the exposure  of, smoking  2-6
cigarettes a day. One  location in  the Pacific
Northwest produced concentrations equivalent
to smoking 16 cigarettes per day. Nonsmokers
and smokers alike are exposed to these cancer-
causing compounds in the  course  of daily ac-
tivity.

You can help to reduce the air quality problems.
associated with woodburning. You'll never get
away from producing some woodsmoke, but
you can significantly reduce the quantity if you
try.
                                 "Life, Health and Woodsmoke"
                                                A124

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      AIR QUALITY AND WOODSMOKE
  Air quality is affected by woodsmoke. Depend-
  ing upon burning conditions, indoor and out-
  door air quality can be degraded significantly
  by poor burning practices.

  Most woodbuming stoves should not be used
  for burning other fuels. For example, burning
  coal in a stove designed for wood may result in
  a dangerous build-up of carbon monoxide gas
  inside your home. A sufficient exposure to car-
  bon monoxide will cause sickness or death.

  These appliances also may allow other gases
  and fine particulate matter to escape into your
  home. Cracks, holes or improperly fitting stove
  parts  should be  repaired  immediately. Poor
  indoor air  quality  can lead to  increased in-
  cidence of respiratory disease.

  Outdoor air quality is affected directly by-wood-
  burning.  The  U.S.  Environmental  Protection
  Agency commissioned  a  study (Residential
  Wood Combustion Study, EPA 910/9-82-089K)
  that investigated the effects of woodburning in
  Idaho,  Oregon  and  Washington   during
  1980-1982. Results showed  that  residential
  wood combustion contributes significantly  to
  fine particulate emissions. The study found that
  93 percent of the fine  particulates collected at
  the study site  in Yakima, Washington, were
  residue from woodburning.

  You don't have to buy a  new  technology
  woodstove to be a cleaner woodburner. Proper
  operation   of  your existing woodstove will
  reduce significantly smoke emissions. If you're
  going to buy z new woodstove  anyway, con-
  sider  a unit that has been tested to meet air
  emissions  standards.  The woodstoves that
  have passed the testing offer higher efficiency,
  use less wood and allow fewer pollutants into
  the air.

  Upgraded technology  and good  burning prac-
  tices  can  help reduce  the  problems of wood-
  burning. Practice reponsible woodburning—be
  a good neighbor!
           DOLLARS AND SENSE
          ABOUT WOODBURNING

 Woodburning became  more  popular  when
 energy prices soared in the late 1970's and ear-
 ly  1980's. Today, the time may be right to
 evaluate the  direct and indirect costs of wood
 heating.

 Direct costs of wood  hoating include two major
 categories:

 •  Your cost to buy,  install, use and maintain a
    woodburning appliance. Your wood heating
    system isn't  just  the  woodstove--it's  the
    chimney system,  floor  protection, building
  •  permit, installation contractor,  fuel supply
    and  chimney  sweep.  Call   around  to
    estimate your costs beforehand  if you're
    thinking about buying a woodburning stove.

 •  Your time to cut, split and  stack wood,
    clean  out the  ashes and  maintain  your
    stove. If you have an "8 day a week" per-
    sonal schedule,  you may  want to spend
    your time  doing other things.

 Indirect costs of wood heating affect you too:
 •  Health insurance costs climb.
 •  Most   health   insurance  contracts  have
    premiums that  are adjusted  every year
    based on claims  paid.  Woodsmoke  may
    contribute to the number of illnesses requir-
    ing  doctor  visits,  medications   and
    hospitalization. The money paid  out  for
    health insurance claims  is a major factor in
    determining  the  cost of your health  in-
    surance.

 •  Fire insurance costs climb.
    1984 statistics collected by  the Washington
    State  Fire  Marshall showed that nearly half
    of the 9,155 reported fires in 1- and 2-family
    dwellings were attributed to the use of solid
    fuel appliances. The estimated'$4,5 million
    losses helped push up the c'ost of insurance
    on your home.

Consider  use  of a woodburning appliance in a
"dollars and sense" fashion  ..before you buy.
before you burn.
                                 "Life, Health and Woodsmoke"
                                                A125

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Materials
    "If vou Burn. Burn Smart":  30 Seconds
    Video

    Low angle shot of living room with
    dog and wood stove.
    Camera tilts up and dollies  in to
    show a man seated before  woodstove
   Man  is an Orson Welles  look alike
   Tag
 Audio

 NARRATOR (voice over):  "Did you know
 it's illegal to burn garbage in your
 woodstove or fire place if you live
 in Washington?  It's also illegal to
 burn anything else except dry
 seasoned firewood."

."Burning other items or burning
 green wood produces unhealthful
 toxic emissions.   Season your
 firewood at least six months before
 burning."

 MAN:  "I will burn no wood before
 its  time."

 NARRATOR:  "If you burn, burn smart.
 This message is brought to you by
 the Washington Department of
 Ecology."
                            "If You Burn, Burn Smart"
                      (Washington State Department of Ecology)
                                       A126

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Materials
              WOOD HEAT, WOOD SMOKE
                       AND YOU
            A Guide to Wood
            Heating  Decision
            Making into
            the 1990's
                 W1SHINGTOX STATE
                 0 i P » K T U £ N T Qf

                 ECOLOGY
                "Wood Heat, Woodsmoke and You"
               (Washington State Department of Ecology)
                          A127

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Materials
         WOOD  HEATING

                     AND
          AIR   POLLUTION
                  WASHINGTON
         DEPARTMENT  OF ECOLOGY
WOOD  STORAGE

AND BURNING

  The moisture content of firewood can to a great extent
determine the efficiency -of your stove. Burning wood
which is not seasoned to a moisture content of 25%
means losing 15-40% of the available heat value in the
wood. It will also mean increased maintenance, more air
pollution and wasting a valuable natural resource.
  Good storage techniques will help reduce the moisture
content in the wood. Wood should be split and  loosely
stacked in a dry place for six to eight months before use.
When stacking wood, try to orient the wood so that it will
get as many hours of summer sun as possible on its top
and broadside. Use of a wood shed  will help keep the
wood dry and protect it from rain and snow. Avoid
stacking wood against your  home as this may invite
infestation by termites.
  For clean air and best fuel economy, it is important to
burn wood that is'  dry and properly seasoned.
                                                   Stack wood to allow air to circulate under, then up
                                                   •nd through the pile.
                             "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"
                         (Washington State Department of Ecology)
                                            A128

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Materials
     TIPS  FOR REDCICING
     AIR POLLUTION  FROM
     WOOD  HEATING

       • Burn dry. clean wood. Firewood should be seasoned
         (dried) at least six to eight months before use.

       • Burn briskly the first 30 minutes. A hot fire will heat
         the stove up enough to burn the wood completely
         and  cleanly.

       • Do not damper too far. Allow enough air into the
         stove to fully combust the wood. Fires that smolder
         due  to lack of air are the worst polluters. Don't at-
         tempt  to "hold" a fire overnight by reducing com-
         bustion air.

       • Watch your chimney. If you can see smoke, your
         wood to not burning completely and the air supply to
         the fire should be increased.

       • Do not burn on poor air quality days. (Air quality
         Information Is announced through the news media.)
         Return to your oil or natural gas furnace or electric-
         ity for neat until  the air quality improves in your
         are*.

       • Do not bum in  moderate temperatures. Stoves that
         «* dampered down to restrict heat generation pol-
         lute  more.

       • Do not burn garbage. Woodstoves are designed for
         burning wood, not garbage, trash, treated wood or
         plastics. Some types of plastics release toxic fumes
         when burned.

       • Before installing a wood stove, consider insulating
         and  weatherstripping your home to conserve heat
         better.  (Conservation and weatherization are the
         cheapest ways to cut heating costs.)
 WOOD HEATING AND
 AIR  POLLUTION
   Burning wood for home heating is a rapidly growing
 source of air pollution in Washington. Wood stove and
 fireplace smoke is especially troublesome during periods
 of stagnant air when air pollutants are trapped near the
 ground.
   Compared to burning oil or natural gas, wood burning
 emits far more carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas that is
 colorless and odorless. Wood burning also produces more
 particulates than oil or gas. Participates are tiny particles
 of soot and ash which if inhaled go deep into the lungs. In
 addition, a number of ingredients found in wood smoke
 are toxic  and some are  cancer-causing.
   Woodburners cannot change weather conditions, but
 they can significantly improve their operating methods.
 This can increase the effectiveness of the wood burning
 device resulting in cleaner air, increased heat output and
 greater safety through reduced  deposits on  chimney
 walls. Proper operation also results-in more economical
 use of wood, maximizing the woodturner's investment of
 time and  money.
PROPER STOVE
OPERATION
  Controlled draft stoves and fireplace inserts have the
potential to create air pollutants if they are improperly
operated. In order to improve operation of a wood-burning
device, several principles of wood combustion must be
understood.
  When wood burns, the combustion process is never
absolutely complete. The  ismoke contains creosote,
which is dark  brown or bia<:k, and has an unpleasant
odor. When the stovepipe and/or chimney flue tempera-
ture drops below 250°  F.,  creosote  will  condense on
interior surfaces. The amount of creosote that will
condense out of the  smoke depends on several factors:
the species and dryness of the wood, the density of the
smoke, and the temperature of the flue.
                                  "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"
                                                    A129

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Materials
        Stove operation for gaining maximum efficiency, limit-
      ing creosote buildup and reducing air pollutants is not dif-
      ficult:
        • Bum briskly during the first 30 minutes; the period
          of greatest air pollution. A hot fire will heat the stove
          up enough  to burn  wood completely and cleanly.
        • Open the draft controls for combustion air for 10 to
          30 minutes whenever a load of wood is added to the
          stove.
        • Regulate the amount of heat from your stove by the
          size of the fire that you build. It is better to burn a
          small fire with plenty of combustion than to build a
          large fire and let it smolder for lack of  oxygen.
          Shutting down the oxygen supply, to decrease stove
          temperature, results in an  air-starved fire. An air-
          starved  fire produces  more creosote condensation
          and sends large amounts of particulate pollution into
          the air.
        • Monitor the operation  of a  stove by observing the
          chimney. Efficient combustion has been achieved
          when the chimney shows no visible smoke.
FIREPLACES
  Fireplaces are known to be very  inefficient  heating
devices. Typical efficiencies range from -1056 to +15%,
compared with wood stoves which can be as efficient as
7056 or better. A few techniques can help maximize the
efficiency and  reduce the  pollution of your fireplace:
  • Do not use your fireplace for heat when the outside
    temperature is below 20° F. The infiltration of cold
    air into your house more than offsets the heat gain
    from the fireplace.
  • Build a very hot fire. Fireplaces "work" by  heating
    the fireplace masonry to a very  high temperature.
    Radiation from the hot masonry warms the room.
  • Burn the fireplace with the glass doors (if any) open.
    Be sure to have the spark screen in  place.
  • Close the  fireplace doors when you retire  for the
    night. This reduces the escape of heated air up the
    flue and out of the home through natural convec-
    tion.
         IF  YOd ARE  BURNING PROPERLY YOU  CAM SEE THE
                           RIGHT
                   A hot. dean-burning fir*
                   WRONG
         A smoldering, damped-down fire
                                  "Wood Heating and Air Pollution"
                                                    A130

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Materials
     WEATHER  AMD WOOD
     STOVE  POLLOTIOM
       Weather conditions during fall and winter months are
     responsible for periods of stagnant air over Washington.
     These conditions usually occur when a high  pressure
     system settles over the Pacific Northwest resulting in
     light  surface winds and stable air as the surface air
     becomes cooler than the air above. During these stagnant
     air periods, air pollutants, including wood smoke, can
     accumulate in certain areas presenting a potential danqer
     to public health.
       On bod air quality days, avoid using your woodstove or
     fireplace (If possible). Return  to oil, natural gas or
     electricity  for heat until air  quality improves.
    STOVE  SELECTION
      There are literally hundreds of wood-fueled heating
    devices on the market today. Choosing a woodstove
    Involves the consideration of several factors: stove effi-
    ciency, safety, price, ease of Installation, length of burn
    between refueilngs, appearance, and durability.  The
    choice of device depends largely on the order of priority
    the buyer  gives each  characteristic.
      Before buying a stove or fireplace insert, also consider
    the size and design which can affect air pollution
    emissions and energy efficiency. A unit which is too large
    for  the space  it is heating will  usually be operated
    inefficiently. With an oversized stove or insert, maintain-
    ing  proper combustion temperatures will often result in
    overheating the room. Maintaining  comfortable room
    temperature will usually be achieved by decreasing the
    air supply and increasing air pollution due to Incomplete
    combustion. Consult  with a stove dealer on this
    Important aspect of stove selection.
      Finally, all woodstoves should be installed according to
    current building codes and the appliance "listing." Specif-
    ically, these include requirements for floor and wall
    protection under  and near the appliance and  the
    necessary clearances from combustible materials.
FOR  INFORMATION  ON

AIR  QUALITY  IN YOUR
AREA  CALL:


  Douglas County Air Pollution Control  Commission
    Wenatchee (509) 884-1511
  Grant County Clean Air Authority, Ephrata (509)
    754-2011
  Northwest Air Pollution Authority (Island. Skagit &
    Whatcom  Counties). Mount Vernon (206)
    336-5705
  Olympic Air  Pollution  Control Authority  (Clallam,
    Jefferson,  Mason, Grays Harbor, Thurston &
    Pacific Counties), Olympia  (206) 352-4881
  Puget  Sound  Air Pollution Control Agency
    (Snohomish, King. Pierce & Kitsap Counties),
    Seattle (206) 344-7330
  Southwest Air Pollution Control Authority (Clark,
    Cowlitz, Lewis, Skamania & Wahkiakum
    Counties), Vancouver G'06)  696-2508
  Spokane County  Air Pollution Control Authority
    Spokane (509)  456-4727
  Tri-County Air Pollution Control  Authority (Benton,
    Franklin & Walla Walla Counties), Richland (509)
    545-2354
  Yakima County Clean  Air Authority. Yakima (509)
    575-4116
  Department of Ecology Eastern  Regional  Office
   (Ferry, Stevens, Pend Oreille,  Lincoln, Adams,
   Whitman, Asotin, Garfictld & Columbia  Counties)
   Spokane (509) 456-2926
 Department of Ecology Central Regional Office  •
   (Okanogan. Chelan, Kittitas  &  Klickitat  Counties),
   Yakima (509) 575-2491
 Department of Ecology Headquarters, Office of
   Hazardous Substances Jind Air Quality  Programs,
   (San  Juan County), Olympia (206) 4596257
    State of
   Washington

 John Speilman
   Governor
 Department
 of Ecology

Donald Moos
  Director
                                  
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A132

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Materials
                 United States
                 Environmental Protection
                 Agency
                 February 1990  	

                 Buying an
                 EPA-Certified
                 Woodstove
                        Answers to Your
                        Questions About
                        EPA's Regulation
  Sizing a
  Woodstove
  for Your Home
                             Where You
                          Can Get More
                            Information
   For More ][nformation
 Local authorities zind experts
   Check with your local building inspection
 office, fire department, com ty agricultural extension
 office, insurance agent, waodstove retailer, or
 chimney sweep for local requirements and advice.


 Annual directory of products
  Wood Heat 88 (Energy Publications, Box 2008
 Laconia, N.H.  03247).  Comprehensive product
 descriptions and photographs.  Includes articles
 on woodstove operation and installation.


 EPA woodstove certification program
  For lists of certified stoves and general
 information on enforcement and certification,
 write Wood Heater Program (EN-341),
 U.S. EPA, 401 M Street SW,
 Washington, B.C.  20460,
 or call (202) 382-2874.


 Other government assistance
  To obtain brochures and fact sheets dealing
 with home heating in general and specific aspects
 of wood heating (such as installation, appliance
 selection, obtaining and preparing fuel, and
 chimney systems), you may call the Conservation
 and Renewable Energy Inquiry and Referral
 Service toll-free at 1-800-S23-2929.
  For specific technical questions in these areas
 you may call the National Appropriate
 Technology Assistance Service toll-free at
 1-800-428-2525.
  For safety concerns call the U.S. Consumer
 Product Safety Commission toll-free at
 1-800-638-2772..
  The Oregon Department of Environmental
Quality (811 SW 6th Avenue, Portland, Oregon
97204) has publications on stove sizing, catalytic
stoves, and test data on Oregon-certified stoves.
                         "Buying an EPA-Certified Woodstove"
                         (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                           A133

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Materials
            Answers to  Your  Questions  on EPA's
      Q.  Why is EPA regulating woodstoves?

      A.  Residential woodstoves are one of the nation's
      largest sources of paniculate matter air pollution
      (smoke). Woodsmoke also contains significant
      amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and
      many other organic compounds. These pollutants
      are known to cause respiratory and cardiovascular
      illness and contribute to atmospheric visibility
      problems and property damage.. The EPA
      regulation requires manufacturers to produce new
      stoves that emit less pollution. As consumers
      replace their old woodstoves with  cleaner, more
      efficient, new stoves, the quality of the air will
      improve-particularly in residential neighborhoods
      where woodstoves are popular.


      Q.  What appliances are regulated?

      A.  In general, the regulation applies to new
      fireplace inserts and freestanding woodstoves
      having air supply controls and tight-fitting doors.
      The regulation does not apply to furnaces, boilers,
      cookstoves, coal-only stoves, open fireplaces, or
      existing woodstoves.
      Q.  What makes a woodstove clean
           burning?

      A.  Woodsmoke is unowned fuel, some of which
      accumulates in your chimney as creosote while the
      remainder exits the stack as smoke. The key to
      reducing air pollution from woodstoves is to bum
      fuel more completely. Three things make a stave
      clean burning: how it is designed, how it is
      installed, and how you operate it.
        Let's look at what the manufacturer does to
      design a clean-burning model and then what you
      can do. Some stoves use catalytic combustors to
      burn fuel more completely while others use a
      variety of design features such as baffles, secondary
      combustion chambers, and introduction of
      secondary air.  The particulate matter emissions
      from EPA-certified stoves are at least 70 pecent.
and in many cases 90 percent, less than those from
a conventional stove, based on laboratory testing.
  EPA's certification program ensures that the
certified stoves burn cleanly in the test lab.
However, it is up to you, the consumer, to install
and operate your new stove so that it burns cleanly
and efficiently where it matters~in your home and
your neighborhood.
  Be sure to follow your owner's manual carefully
when installing your new woodstove.  Proper
chimney size and height are important for creating
sufficient draft.   Consult an expert if in doubt.
  Your owner's manual will also describe the
operation and maintenance necessary for clean and
efficient burning, such as fire-building and wood-
loading suggestions as well as mechanical
adjustments.
  In addition, you will need to make periodic
inspections and replacements. For example,
catalytic combustors should be visually inspected as
prescribed by the owner's manual at least three
times per heating season (or more, depending on
how often the stove is in use) and replaced as
necessary.  The regulation requires that
manufacturers provide unprorated two-year
multiple replacement warranties for the catalytic
combustor.
  Remember, by operating your stove in ways that
reduce pollution, you also save fuel and chimney-
cleaning costs and reduce the chances of chimney
fires. The best indicator that you are realizing
these benefits is that little or no smoke will be
coming from your chimney after the fire is well
established and the stove is operating properly.
Your owner's manual will provide additional
details on monitoring catalyst performance and
proper stove operation.


Q.  What does the regulation do and
     when does it take effect?

A.  Essentially, the regulation requires
manufactures to produce clean-burning woodstoves.
The regulation establishes limits on the amount of
particulate matter (smoke) a new stove can emit.
                              'Buying an EPA-Certified Woodstove"
                                                 A134

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Materials
     Woodstove   Air  Pollution Regulation
      (By controlling paniculate matter emissions, other
      pollutants are also reduced).  Woodstove
      manufacturers will have a single stove within each
      model line tested at an EPA-accredited laboratory.
      If the tested stove meets the emission limits and
      other certification requirements, all stoves within
      the model line will be certified. Manufacturers and
      retailers must ensure that the stoves are properly
      labeled and include manuals that provide
      appropriate operation and maintenance
      instructions.
       The regulation takes effect in two phases.  With
      a few exceptions, all woodstoves produced on or
      after Jufy 1, 1988, or sold on or after July 1, 1990,
      must meet the Phase I emission limits. All
      woodstoves  produced on or after July 1, 1990, or
      sold on or after Jufy 1, 1992, must meet the more
      stringent Phase n emission limits.


      Q.  How  does the regulation affect me, as
          the operator of a new stove?

     A.  you, as the woodstove operator, are
     prohibited from (1) removing the stove's permanent
     label'  (2f tampering with the pollution control
     features on the stove; or (3) operating a stove
     designed for use  with a catalytic combustor if the
     combustor is missing or deactivated.
       More generally, the regulation also prohibits you
     from installing or operating a woodstove in a
     manner that is not consistent with the directions
     provided by  the manufacturer.  When you consider
     that faulty woodstove installation  causes thousands
     of house fires annually and that by following the
     manufacturer's instructions you will preserve the
     economic and environmental benefits you are
     paying for in an EPA-certified woodstove, it makes
     good sense to follow these instructions carefully.

     Q. How can I tell if a woodstove is
         EPA-certified?

     A. All certified woodstoves offered for sale will
     have both a  permanent and a temporary label
     indicating that the stoves are EPA-certified.  The
     temporary label win also contain information that
     you will find useful when shopping for a new stove.
      Does this mean that: I can use the label
      to compare new stoves?

 A.  Yes.  The temporary labels will tell you
 generally how clean and how efficient each
 woodstove is. However, because the regulation will
 require all new stoves to bum much cleaner and
 more efficiently than unregulated woodstoves, there
 should not be significant differences in efficiency
 and emissions performance among certified models.
 The label win also indicate which stoves are
 equipped with catalytic combmtors.
  Perhaps the most important information on the
 label you will need when selecting a stove is the
 heat output range.  Use this information to help
 select the right size stove for the space you will be
 heating.  See the section on stove sizing in this
 brochure for how to use the information.

 Q. How much will the regulation cost me?

 A. An EPA-certified woodstove will cost more
 than an otherwise comparable unregulated stove.
 However, for most consumers this cost will be more
 than offset by savings from reduced firewood
 consumption (one-third to one-fourth less/ and less
 frequent chimney  cleaning.  Tf,\e amount of savings
 will depend on several factors such as the amount
 and type of wood you bum, the cost of the wood,
 the cost of chimney cleaning, and how you operate
 and maintain your woodstove.

 Q. Does this mean the regulation can save ,
     me money hi the long run?

 A.  Yes. For example, if you have a typical
 unregulated stove  and use three cords of wood fat
 tlOO/cord/ and have three chimney cleanings (at
 S50 each) per season, you can save about $200 per
season by purchasing a new EPA-certified stove.
 Your actual savings will vary according to how
often you use your stove and other factors.
Nationwide, the net savings from reduced firewood
consumption and fewer chimney  cleanings is
estimated to be about J30 million annually.  In
addition, the health and welfare  benefits resulting
from fewer smoke-related illnesses and from
reduced materials  damage is estimated at about
Sl.S billion annually.
                              'Buying an EPA-Certified Woodstove"
                                                 A135

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Materials
                       Sizing Your Woodstove
                Figure 1.  Climate Zones

      In selecting a new woodstove, you should
     carefully determine the right "size" appliance
     for your needs.  By size, we mean rated heat
     output. A stove that is either too large or too
     small for the space to be heated will be
     inefficient, create more pollution, and may
     cause discomfort as well.  Following the five
     steps below will give you  a rough idea of what
     size stove to buy.  For more information on
     woodstove selection and sizing consult an
     expert (e.g., heating contractor, architect, or
     your local woodstove dealer).

       1. On the map above (Figure 1),  locate where
       you live and place an "X" at that point. Note
       where the "X" is in relation to the boundaries
       of the climate zone. For example, on the map
       an "X" has been placed at Little  Rock,
       Arkansas, which is located in the middle of
       climate zone 5.  The seven zones are based
       upon anticipated low temperatures ranging
       from less than minus 20°F to more than 30°F.
       2. Determine the square footage  of the area
       that you expect the woodstove to heat. This
       area will include the room the stove  will be
       located in and perhaps the adjacent rooms.
       You will probably include only a portion of
 your house, unless you (1) have a. small house,
 (2) are willing to live with big temperature
 differences within the house, or (3) have a
 means of distributing the heat to remote
 rooms.
 3. Now look at the bottom line of numbers in
 Figure 2, the Heat Requirement Calculation
 chart. Find the point that approximates the
 square footage estimate from Step 2. Next,
 draw a vertical line up from that point until
 you are in the right climate zone for your
 location.  Look again at where you placed your
 !,Xi, ?n the maP (Fig"116 1) and place another
 "X" in Figure 2 at a point that approximates
 the relative position of your geographic
 position to the climate zone boundaries. (See
 the example calculation to the right.) From
 the "X" you made in Figure 2, draw a
 horizontal line to the heat requirement figures
 on the left side of the chart.  This number is
 the unadjusted maximum heat output your
 new stove should be capable of attaining.
4. Next, you should adjust the maximum heat
output number obtained above by subjectively
taking into account how "weatherized" your
home is.  If your home is a "typical" new
single-story wood house with 8-foot high
                           "Buying an EPA-Certified Woodstove"
                                              A136

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Materials
       600
           800  1000 1200 1400 16OO 18OO
             Area to be Heated
                (Square feet)
     Figure 2. Heat Requirement
    .,.           Calculations
  ceilings, double-paned windows, and 3Vt inches
  of insulation in the walls, 9 inches in the
  ceiling, and 6 inches in the floor (R-ll, R-30
  and R-19, respectively), no adjustment is
  necessary. However, if your house is drafty,
  nas lots of windows, has high ceilings, or is
  poorly insulated, you may want to adjust the
  heat output value upward by 10 to 100 percent.
  The adjustment factor you choose should reflect
  how many and to what extent these factors are
  present.  Similarly, if you have  a very tight,
  well-insulated home with relatively few
  windows, you may want to reduce the heat
  output value by 10 to SO percent.
  5. Now you are ready to compare your adjusted
  heat output value estimate with the heat output
  values on the temporary labels of the EPA-
  certified stoves. Be sure that the high end of
 the heat output values on the EPA-certified
 woodstove temporary label is equal to or
 greater than the maximum heat output value
  you calculated hi Step 4. In order to avoid
  buying too large a stove for your needs, you
  should also taice into account your average
  heating needs, which will probably be one-half
  or less of the value you calculated in Step 4. Be
  sure that the low end of the range on the label
  is not higher than one-half the calculated heat
  requirement value. If you intend to use the
  stove during mild weather conditions, you
  should also make sure that the minimum heat
  output is about one-fourth the ma-rimum value.
  Example Calculation
   A homeowner hi Little Rock, Arkansas, is
  considering purchase of at freestanding
  woodstove to heat his newly constructed, well-
 insulated 800-square-foot room addition. He is
 trying to decide between two similar models-
 one large and one small. The label on the
 larger unit says its heat output ranges from
•  12,000  to 50,000 Btu per hour the heat output
 figures for the smaller one are 7,000 to 20,000
 Btu per hour.
   Using the map and chart in this brochure, he
first notes that Little Rod: is in the center of
zone 5. Next, on the chart he  locates the point
along the  800-square-foot vertical line that
approximates the center of zone 5. This point
is shown on the chart (Figure 2) by an "X."
From this point he draws a horizontal line to
the left (marked by a "Y" on the  chart). From
this, he determines that for a typical house he
would need about 19,000 Btu per hour for the
coldest weather anticipated.  His room
addition, being extra well-insulated and  having
relatively few windows, allows him to reduce
the heat requirement somewhat. He estimates
that a 20 percent adjustment is appropriate.
He now calculates that the marimnrn heat
output he  will need is only about 15,200 Btu
per hour, and an average value of about 7,600
Btu per  hour.
  Having made this calculation, the
homeowner knows he can confidently purchase
the smaller stove and still have sufficient heat.
He also  knows that had he bought the larger
unit he may have been uncomfortably warm
most of  the winter, paid too much money,
operated the stove inefficiently, and created a
safety hazard from creosote buildup in the
chimney.
                            "Buying an EPA-Certified Woodstove"
                                               A137

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Materials
     "Let's Clear the Air":  Chinmev Sween; 30 Seconds
                                             Audio
     Scene opens with a long shot of a
     chimney sweep in uniform (top hat
     and tails) standing on a roof beside
     a chimney.

     He reaches into chimney and  brings
     up a handful of cinders,  ash, and
     soot.  Holds hand open to camera.

    .Brushes hands together.   Black
     powder and ash make a cloud  in front
     of him.
    "Let's Clear the  Air" logo with a
    space for insertion of the name and
    number of the local agency:"
 SWEEP:   "If you're heating your home
 with wood...
 ...this is what can go up your
 chimney...into the air...  and into
 our lungs."

 "Every year,  wood smoke causes
 breathing problems and illness,
 especially in kids and older folks.
 And every year we don't do something
 about it,  it  gets worse."

VOICE OVER:   "Be  a good neighbor.
 If you have a wood stove or
 fireplace,  learn  how and when to
burn.   Let's  clear the air."
                       "Let's Clear the Air: Chimney Sweep"
                       (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                       A138

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Materials
           -Clear the Air":  Fireman:  30 Second;
Video

Exterior at night.
Red lights are flashing and  the
sounds of firemen fighting a fire
can be heard,

Wide shot of fireman stepping into
scene as he takes off his gas mask.
Wisps of smoke gently come through
the scene.  Zoom in slowly as he
speaks, into a tight shot.
    As he finishes his lines, he holds
    up the gas mask.

    "Let's Clear  the Air" logo with
    space for a local agency tag.
                                             Audio
 FIREHAN:  "When I'm fighting
 fires...this gas mask protects me
 from the smoke.   But in my own back
 yard, I'm not prot«cted.  Smoke from
 woodstoves causes Illness and
 breathing problems for many people
 each year."

 "So learn how to burn wood cleanly,
 or learn how to  use  this."

VOICE OVER:   "To find out more.
contact your local air quality
agency.   Let's clear the air."
                           "Let's Clear the Air: Fireman"
                       (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                       AI39

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Materials
    "Let's Clear the Air":  Mechanic: 30 Second
    Scene opens with a mechanic working
    on a car in a small repair shop.  He
    looks up from his work  to address
    the camera.
    Mechanic continues  to address the
    camera as he walks  into a home where
    there is a wood stove.
    He points to  flue pipe...
    picks up catalyst and shows to
    camera.

    A space  is provided for insertion of
    the name and number of the local air
    quality  agency.
 Audio

 MECHANIC:
 We  all know your car runs clean and
 smooth when it's we11-maintained,
 and that can save you a lot of .
 money.

 You may not know that the same is
 true for your wood stove.

 Remember, burn dry,  well-seasoned
 wood...

 Build efficient fires that  burn hot
 and  clean.

 Check your  stack,  clean  your
 chimney,                          •

And  inspect your catalyst annually.
Just as taking care of your car
makes it run  smoothly, learning to
use and care  for your wood stove
keeps it burning cleanly and
efficiently.
                           "Let's Clear the Air: Mechanic"
                       (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                       A140

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Materials
     •Let's  Clear the Air": Mother and Child:  30 Second?
     2iS*S2                                    Audio
     Scene  opens with a mother sitting in
     a child's bedroom.  The child is in
     bed asleep and the mother sits on
     the side of the bed stroking the
     child's hair.

     She rises and walks toward bedroom
     door...

     walks  through bedroom door into
     hall...
    pauses outside the door.
    (as she pulls door closed)

    Looks at closed door (tighter shot)
    A space is provided for insertion of
    the name and number of the  local air
    quality agency.
 MOTHER:
 "She's quiet now, poor thing.
 'Every winter it's the same."
 "The weather gets cold.   The wood
 stoves start up.   The air gets all
 smoky.  And Elizabeth's  asthma gets
 worse."

 "I used to think  wood fires were
 cozy and romantic,"

 "I don't any more,,"   V/0  (WOMAN'S
VOICE,  seriously):  Let's clear the
air.  Pollution from  wood stoves is
a serious problem.  Help by heating
with oil,  gas, or electricity,
especially on poor air quality days.
                      "Let's Clear the Air: Mother and Child"
                      (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                       A141

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Materials
    •Let's Clear the Air'
    Video
Smoker:  30  Second;
   Scene opens with a MS  of a man
   sitting at a kitchen table.  In his
   hand, he fidgets with  an unlit
   cigarette.
   He grinds cigarette out on table
   top.
   A space is provided for insertion of
   the name and number of the local  air
   quality agency.
                  Audio

                  MAN:
                  I quit smoking years ago.  Now I
                  learn that smoke from my wood stove
                  can also be hazardous for my
                  health...and for my neighbors'.

                  When I realized cigarettes were  bad
                  for me,  I  knew what to do.

                  I quit.

                  Now that I know wood smoke is bad
                  for me...

                  I quit.
                  V/0 (WOMAN'S VOICE,  seriously):
                  Let's  clear the  air.  Pollution from
                  wood stoves is a serious problem.
                  You can help by  heating with oil,
                  gas, or electricity, especially on
                  poor air quality days.
                           "Let's Clear the Air: Smoker"
                       (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                       A142

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Materials
     "Let's Clear the Air":  Older Wood Burner: 30 Seconds
                                              Audio
     Scene opens with a mid-shot of WOOD
     BURNER (an older man in a plaid
     flannel shirt)  seated beside a wood
     stove.  As he speaks, the area
     around his head and shoulders begins
     to fill with smoke.

     Snoke begins to drift gradually into
     the frame.   WOOD BURNER begins to
     glance about him,  distracted and
     apprehensive.
     He continues to wave at the smoke as
     it becomes  thicker.

     A space  is  provided for insertion of
     the name and number of the local  air
     quality  agency.
 WOOD BURNER  (assured and somewhat
 arrogant):
 I've heated my house with a wood
 stove for years.
Now I hear wood smoke causes
breathing problems and illness,
especially in kids and older folks.
Closing down a stove  at night or
burning green wood increases
pollution and wastes  wood.

Frankly,  (coughs)  I just don't see
the problem,  (coughs)

V/0 (WOMAN'S  VOICE!, seriously):
Let's  clear the air.  If you own a
fireplace  or  wood stove...learn how
to burn...cleanly.
                        "Let's Clear the Air: Wood Burner"
                       (U. 5. Environmental Protection Agency)
                                      AI43

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Materials
                        United State*       EPA-60O/0-83-112
                        Environmental Protection  Sept. 1983
                        Agency
                        Be«eareh end Development
                        Wood Stove
                        Features and
                        Operation
                        Guideline for
                        Cleaner Air
         "Woodstove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air'
                 (U. S. En vironmental Protection Agency)
                             A144

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Materials
 Are wood stovee • major pollution source?
 Yea. for torn* pollutants, •specially considering the
 proximity of these emission sourcas to paopla. Many
 eiti«a such aa Oanvar. Ponland, and Missoula have
 recently become concerned with this problem.
 Complaints are also heard in smaller communities
 across the nation.
 What are the primary pollutants from wood stoves?
 Carbon monoxide, organic gases, and paniculate
 materials including smoke, soot, and condensed orgsnic
 matter. Many people also object to the odors.
 Can thaae emissions be prevented?
 Yea. stove builders can help to reduce emissions by
 Improvements in design.
 How can J reduce emiaeioaa from my stove?
 By taking the advice in this pamphlet on:
      • What stove you choose
      • What fuel you burn
      • How you operate the stove.
                                       CATALYTIC
                                       coMvunu
                                       lornoMM.)
 SVPAU
  CMI
(OnMlOB
STABIMGI
    \
                                     INSOLATION
 Typical Wood Stove
How to Choose a Stove
Good Stove Features
Smell Size: Buy the smallest stove that will provide
enough heat. A larger stove, burning fuel at the same
rate, will have lower combustion efficiency and produce
more creosote and more sir pollution.
Baffles: Properly designed internal baffle plates can
regulate the flow within the stove, ducting incompletely
burned gases through tho active fire. This can provide
increased turbulence leading to more complete burning
and increased combustion efficiency. Venting the space
above the wood directly into the stove pipe may cause
high emissions of unburned organic materials,  and
lower combustion efficiencies.
Ducted Air Supply: Pipen or channels that heat the
entering air and direct it within the stove into the active
flames will also increase combustion efficiency.
Firebox Insulation: Insulation, such as firebrick, around
a small fire may increase burning temperatures,
increase combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and
store heat.
Other Design Features: Any design feature that
promotes complete burning is desired. Tests have shown
that a catalytic combustor and a heated secondary air
supply directed to the flames may be affective devices  in
improving secondary combustion, and thereby reduce
emissions.

Good Installation Features

Safety: Make certain than all safety procedures and
codes are satisfied, in addition to following all the
manufacturer's direction;!.
Heat Storage: A large mass of noncombustible material
such as stone, brick, or water immediately adjacent to or
surrounding the stove will store heat. This device will
prolong the heat release into the house, combining
increased comfort with clean, high^rate burning in the
stove.
Supplemental Heat Recovery: For new installations, a
heat transfer device that recovers supplemental heat
from the flue pipe may permit adequate heating with a
smaller stove. This will result in a hotter, cleaner
burning fire. W>«n such n device is added as a  retrofit to
an adequately sized but inefficient stove, the burning
rate may be reduced to provide the same amount of
heat. This tends to lower burning temperatures and
increase the emission of 
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Materials
 How to Choose a Fuel
 Preferred Fuels
 Air Dried Hardwoods: Tho bast combustion efficiency is
 obtained when wood is thoroughly dried, for a year.
 Air Dried Softwoods: These are also good fuels, but
 they are slightly harder to burn cleanly due to their
 higher resin content.
 Property Sized Pieces: Use kindling only for starting. For
 continued burning use 4- to 6-inch-thick pieces, or
 larger, depending on stove size. The larger pieces limit
 the vaporization rate of the wood so that the
 combustibles can be completely burned by an adequate
 air supply available within the stove.
 Charred Wood: This includes partially consumed fuel
 remaining in the stove after the fire is extinguished. It
 should be burned when the stove is relighted. It is an
 ideal fuel because of its low volatile content.

 Less Desirable Fuels
 Freshly Cut Wood: High moisture content hinders hot,
 clean burning, resulting in higher emissions of  unburned
 organic materials, and lower heat output.
 Kiln or Oven-Dried Wood: This wood often vaporizes
 too fast, resulting in emissions of organic materials.
 Kindling. Cardboard, and LOOM Paper: These  should
 be used only to start a fire. They also vaporize too fast.
 leading to excessive organic emissions, and possibly to
 stove overheating when burned in large quantities.

 Avoid These
 Household Rubbish. Garbage: These produce noxious
 and corrosive products. Unburned fragments (foil, paper,
 plastics, etc.) can plug gas passages, especially in stoves
 with catalytic combustors.
 Any Treated Wood: Rot and insect preventive chemicals
 can release very toxic, even cancer-producing, materials
 under the conditions within a wood stove firebox.
 Synthetic logs designed only for fireplace use-may be
 unsatisfactory for stove use due to the binders.
 Coal: Burning coal in a stove originally designed for
 wood can result in the release of noxious and harmful
 emissions. Coal should only be burned in a stove
 specifically designed for coal. Bituminous (soft) coals ara
 harder to burn cleanly than anthracite (hard) coals.
 How to Operate the Stove

 Stove operation at high temperatures with an adequate
 air system to complete the combustion will have three
 important supply benefits:
      • Increased combustion efficiency
      • Reduced air pollution
      • Reduced creosote formation (a fire hazard).

 Starting a Fire
 Follow Manufacturer's Directions: First, follow the
 instructions supplied with the stove. They will identify
 any special techniques appropriate to your specific stove
 Starting: Kindling wood should be used only when
 starting a fire. Always use larger wood pieces (4 inches
 and thicker) after a bed of hot coals has been
 established.
 Old Wood First: Always burn first the most thoroughly
 air-dried wood available. The storage of several weeks
 supply of wood under a roof will prevent the burning of
 wet wood, which has a tendency toward smoky burning.

 Maintaining a Fire
 Air Supply: Enough air must be supplied to completely
 burn the gases and resins from the wood. The rate of
 wood burning is related to the air supplied directly to the
 wood, whereas completeness of burning requires
 adequate air to be supplied to the flames leaving the
 wood. After adding new wood, this requires opening the
 dampers to supply air directly to the wood, and to the
 flames leaving the wood.
 Frequency of Adding Wood: Small frequent additions of
 wood are preferred. For example, instead of adding  10
 pieces at once, add 2 pieces every 15 minutes.
 Prolonged Burning:  After  the initial high-rate burning
 (about 15 minutes should char all the wood surface).
 reduce the air supply over  a 15-minute period if a
prolonged time of burning  is desired. For overnight
operation, whan a large total charge is desired, charred
wood  should be accumulated within the stove over a
period of several hours, rather than firing many pieces of
wood  at one time.
Watch for Signals: Visible smoke leaving the top of  rhe
chimney or long lazy  flames leaving the firebox are signs
of incomplete starved-air burning. When this occurs,
more air is needed to complete the burning. To do this,
open the dampers letting additional air into the stove,
especially air that will mix with the flames leaving the
burning wood.
                 "Woodstove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air'
                                                    A146

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Materials
 Wood Stova Air Pollutants

 What are tha Pollutants?
 Pollution from wood stoves includes many chemical
 species, the more important being carbon monoxide,
 organic gases, and organic paniculate manor.
 Carbon Monoxide is a product of incomplete
 combustion of any carbon containing fuel. It results from
 the burning with insufficient air, and poor mixing, as
 occurs in automobile engines.
 Organic Materials consist of many different compounds
 too numerous to list.
      • Some of them bum completely,
      • Some are changed chemically within the stove,
        and
      • Some leave the stove without burning.
 Of the many organic materials that leave the stove.
      • Some deposit in the chimney as creosote.
      • Some condense and are emitted as smoke, and
      • Some may condense later in the atmosphere.
 The materials that heve been chemically changed within
 the stove include a class of chemicals called polycyelie
 organic matter (POM).
 Because of the seriousness of their potential effects on
 people, the POM* in wood stove smoke are probably the
 most significant pollutants. Some of these materials are
 toxic, some are cancer-causing, and some cause
 biological mutations. For example, benzo-a-pyrene. a
 known carcinogen found in cigarette smoke, has also
 been found In wood stove  emissions. However, no
 definitive studies have been conducted which correlate
 wood stove emissions directly with cancer or other
 soecffic human diseases.
 Nationwide surveys of air pollution from all sources
 show that wood stoves are e major contributor to the
 overall pollution levels in areas of the U.S. with meny
 residential  or commercial users of wood heating. Some
 areas experience significant pollution problems related
 to wood stoves, especially  those with winter
 atmospheric inversions and valley locations with poor air
 circulation.

 How to Raduca tha Pollution
 Specific techniques in this  guide will aid stove operators
 in reducing air pollution from their wood stoves. They
 will also minimize the accumulation of creosote in
 chimneys, and thereby help reduce the likelihood of
 chimney fires.
 Comparison with Other Sources
           AM rauinvwn MOM USUXNTUI HMTIN&
              WOOD COMMIED TO OTHU IUUS
  CAMON MONOXMC
                     r/umoiuns
                                       OtGANKGASCS
                        «•»                12*
 Emissions of these pollutimts from wood stoves
 represent a small fraction of the national emissions from
 all sources.

 From Source Assessment: Residential Combustion of
 Wood. EPA 600/2-80-04 2b NTIS PB81-136160.

         POM UMSMONSi KSIOINTU1 WOOD SUININO
          COMTAUD TO Ml OTHU SOUtCIS IN USA.
                                     rw*u u%
 These data are preliminary, and more definitive data are
 needed for evaluation of their significance.
 From Residential Solid Fuels. Environmental Impacts
 and Solutions. Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton,
 Oregon.


 Want to Learn More?

 Additional information, can be obtained from the '
 following:
 Control of Emissions front Residential Wood Burning
 by Combustion Modification. EPA-600/S7-81-091
 NTIS PBS 1-217655.
  •Center for Environmental Research Information
  Cincinnati. OH 45268.
The Woodturner* Encyclopedia.
  Vermont Crossroads  Press, Waitsfield, VT 05673.
Wood as Home Fuel: A Source of Air Pollution.
  American Council on Science and Health
  47 Maple St.. Summit. N.J 07901.
Wood Burning Heaters: How to Choose. Install, and
Use Them.
  Tennessee Valley Authority, Solar Applications
  Branch. Credit Union Bldn.. Chattanooga. TN 37401
               "Woodstove Features and Operation Guideline for Cleaner Air"
                                                   A147

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