EPA-450/3-78-122
    Development of Questionnaires
for Various Emission  Inventory Uses
                          by

                 Peter Hulman and Carolyn Collins
                     Radian Corporation
                   8500 Shoal Creek Boulevard
                     Austin, Texas 78766
                    Contract No. 68-02-2608
                       Task No. 51
                 EPA Project Officer: Audrey McBath
                        Prepared for

             U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                 Office of Air, Nois'e, and Radiation
              Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
             Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

                        June 1979

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This report is issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
to report technical data of interest to a limited number of readers.
Copies are available free of charge to Federal employees, current
contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations in limited
quantities from the Library Services Office (MD-35), Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a fee, from the
National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by
Radian Corporation, 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78766, in
fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-2608.  The contents of this report_
are reproduced herein as received from Radian Corporation.  The opinions,;
findings and conclusions expressed are those of the author and not
necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency.  Mention       >
of company or product names is not to be considered an endorsement       i
fay the Environmental Protection Agency.
               Publication .No.  EPA-450/3-78-122

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                       ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
       .  Tom Shirley, of Radian Corporation, provided, invaluable
guidance in the preparation of this document.  A  special,thanks'
for information and. sample questionnaire forms goes to John  ". '"".
Anderson of the Texas Air Control Board and Ali Kahn  of  the  """ ;
East Chicago Department of Air Quality Control.     '   '?  ' *  '  '
                            111

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                             PREFACE
          Questionnaires have become an important tool for con-
ducting emission inventories.  As the concern for our environment
grows, so does the need for well designed emission inventory
questionnaires.  A questionnaire designer must consider options
that will maximize the efficiency of the questionnaire, the re-,
turn rate, and the accuracy of the resiiltant data.  To this end,
the knowledge gained by agencies that have become experienced  ;
in questionnaire design needs to be shared with all other agen-
cies .  This report has been written to address this need.  It is
intended to be used as a guide for all agencies interested in
questionnaire design.
                                iv

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                             ABSTRACT
           This report was written to act as a guide for, agencies
 interested in developing emission inventory mail-out question-
 naires.   It addresses both the physical and psychological- con-
 straints  on questionnaire design.   The information provided is
 based on  the knowledge of agencies  and individuals'that have
 experience  in the  art of questionnaire design.        ;   :

          The first  section  discusses  the  choice  of  mail-out
 questionnaires over  other information-gathering methods    The
 second section describes  the. individual  elements  of  a mail-out
 questionnaire - the  cover letter, the  instructions and  the  ques-
 tions - and what should be included in each.  The third  section •
 considers design considerations for maximizing the. return rate
 and the accuracy.   Formulation of appropriate questions  is  also
 addressed.  The formatting of a questionnaire for computer  input
and the use of a computer's capabilities are described in Sec-•
tion 4.   Follow-up procedures are discussed in Section 5,  Appen-
dices  .include sample questionnaire elements.

          This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract
 No.  68-02-2608,  Task No.  51 by Radian'Corporation under the
 sponsorship of the U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency.   ,
                               v

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                        TABLE OF CONTENTS
     ACKNOWLEDGMENT	  iii

     PREFACE	  iv

     ABSTRACT	  v

1.0  INTRODUCTION	 1
     1.1  Purpose.	 1
     1. 2  Background	 2
     1. 3  Approach.	.	„ .	 3

2.0  ELEMENTS OF AN EMISSION INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE	 5
     2.1  Cover Letter	 5
     2.2  Instructions	.	 8   !
     2.3  Questionnaire	 9
          2.3.1  General Information. .	 9
          2.3.2  Emissions and Process Details....;.	 13

3.0  CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEVELOPING QUESTIONNAIRES	 18 '' :
     3.1  The Right Question. ...	 18  .
     3 . 2  The Return Rate	 20
          3.2.1  Cover Letter.	N.		..... 20  ';
          3.2.2  Questions	,			 23  '
     3.3  Accuracy of Responses. ...... .:'.	,.,... 27

4.0  DESIGNING FOR COMPUTER INPUT	,'	,	 30
     4.1  Making Use of a Computer's Capabilities	 30
     4.2  Formatting for Computer Input	•. 31  I

5 .,0  FOLLOW-UP	 42
                               vo.

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                    TABLE OF CONTENTS  (Continued)
6.0  REFERENCES.

     APPENDICES.
     APPENDIX A:
     APPENDIX B:
     APPENDIX C:
     APPENDIX D:
     APPENDIX E:
     APPENDIX F:
                                          Page
                                           44

                                           46
Example Cover Letters	        A_]_
Example Instruction Sheets	   3-!
Example Question Sections	   c-1
Example Follow-Up Letter	'. . .        £_]_
Example Reference Material	         E-l
Supplementary References	   F_]_
                             vii

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 1.0
 INTRODUCTION
 1.1
 Purpose
           This document is designed to help those agencies which
 decide to use questionnaires as part of their emission inventory
 process.   It is intended as a guideline for the preparation of
 effective questionnaires suitable for a variety of situations.

           This document is not intended as  a source of complete
 questionnaires to be used as-is.   Though sample portions  of
 questionnaires are included as references in the text  and in an
 extensive appendix,  each agency is  urged' to compile its own
 questionnaires to meet  its particular needs.

           It  may  not be possible  to  adhere  strictly to the sug-
 gestions  made in  this document.   Local  and  state laws, the in-
 formation needs of the  agency,  and  the  agency's  manpower  and
 resources  may dictate alternate approaches.  There  also may  be
 no single  "best"  questionnaire  for any  given situation because
 of the many factors which  must be considered.
1.2
Background
          Emission inventories are conducted by air pollution
agencies to assess air quality problems and to determine the
important pollutants and pollutant sources in a particular area
of concern.  Some inventories-are conducted regularly or peri-
odically while others are used to update previously acquired
information.   An inventory may be concerned with many pollutants
in the area or it may be concerned with only one.   It may ask
for annual emissions or it may ask for instantaneous emissions
to be used for modeling purposes.

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          Emission inventories may be conducted in one of sev-
eral ways, according to the needs and resources of the agency. '
If only a few industries are involved, if a small amount of in-
formation is needed from each one, and if written verification
is not necessary, telephone calls may suffice.  Plant visits by
agency personnel may be applicable when there are few industries
and/or a small geographical area involved.  In these cases, in-
depth interviews can be inexpensive and quite productive.

          In many instances, however, especially if there are
numerous industries, a lot of information needed, or a large.
geographical area, the mailed-out questionnaire is the most
practical method for conducting an emission inventory.   Before
beginning one, however, the agency should determine whether it ,
has the manpower and resources to develop the questionnaire,  to
print and mail it, to review  the  returns and  follow up delin-
quent ones, and  to compile and analyze the results.

          No one questionnaire format can be  suitable  for  all
needs.  Questionnaires can range  from a one-page  form  for  dry
cleaning  or service station establishments to  a multipage  (10
to  50 pages) mail-out to  complex  chemical plants.  Sometimes   ;
the same  questionnaire format can be  used many times;  sometimes
a new one must be  designed  for a  specific purpose.

           In all cases, the psychological  factors  inherent  in any
questionnaire must be  considered.   Its results will be affected
by  the  recipient's working  relationship with  other agencies  and
with the  public.   Likewise,  future  questionnaires  may  be affected
by  the  courtesy  and  consideration with which  the  present survey
is  conducted.           .

           To be  successful,  a questionnaire must  have  a rela-
  tively high response  rate  and the  agency must have  some indi-

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  cation of the nature of the delinquent recipients'  facilities
  Such a response will require 'painstaking consideration of each
  of the suggestions  made in this  document.
 1.3
Approach
           Section 2 of this document describes the basic elements
 of an emission inventory mail-out and discusses what is included
 in each.  Briefly, the cover letter introduces the questionnaire
 and establishes its importance with a statement of any regulation
 which requires the recipient to.respond.  The instructions give
 any pertinent information about the questionnaire as a whole and
 if necessary, instructions  for specific kinds of questions   The'
 questionnaire itself may include  both general information ques-
 tions about  the facility and its  operation and specific questions
 about particular processes  and emissions.   These  questions may  be
 arranged by  source (all  questions  about one emission point on one
 page)  or by  subject  (one  subject  to  a page).

           Section 3  addresses  topics  which must be  considered in
 the  development of a successful questionnaire.  Return  rate  and
 accuracy are  emphasized.  Among the  topics  discussed  are  choosing
 the  right  questions, the  size  and  visual impact of  the  mail-out
 as a whole, provisions for  confidentiality, and the organization
 and  format of  the  questions.

          Designing a questionnaire for computer input  is dis-
 cussed in Section 4.  Included in  this section is a sample ques-
 tionnaire before and after reformatting for the computer.

          The follow-up work which must be done after a ques-
tionnaire is  mailed out is considered in Section 5.   This work
includes checking all responses for accuracy and completeness

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contacting delinquent recipients and tabulating and/or trans-
cribing the responses.  No questionnaire effort is complete un-
til  every effort has been made to obtain a response from each
recipient and all resulting data has been properly compiled.

          The Appendix contains samples of the individual parts
of a mail-out and a sample follow-up letter.  It also contains
a list of supplementary references and sample pages from "Com-
pilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors" (AP-42) and the
National Emission Data System  (NEDS) Questionnaire.

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 2.0
   ELEMENTS OF AN EMISSION INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE
           An emission inventory questionnaire mail-out has three
 basic elements:  the cover letter, the instructions, and the
 questionnaire itself.  Their format and content depend on the
 kind of-inventory being conducted.

           A questionnaire which addresses all pollutants from all
 large industrial plant sources can best be designed with a com-
 mon cover letter,  a common general instruction section,  a common
 general information question section and a separate specific in-
 dustry process  question section (possibly with additional in-
 structions)  for each class of industry.   An inventory of emissions
 from many diffe .ent area sources  may have a common cover letter,
 but should have separate  instructions  and question sections  for'
 the different types of  sources.
merits .
2.1
  The sections below describe the contents of these ele-
Samples of the elements are provided in the Appendix.

  Cover Letter           '
          Within a questionnaire, the cover letter is the initial
contact with the recipient.-  The importance that he assigns to
the questionnaire will be based on its content.  Unless the cover
letter catches the recipient's attention, the questionnaire may
be discarded or filed away until some time in the indefinite
future.

          The information which should'be included.in the cover
letter is listed below:
             A citation'Of regulations which requires the
             recipient to respond,

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              Provisions  for  confidentiality,  if  applicable,

              A statement of  the purpose  of  the questionnaire,

              A respectful request  for  cooperation in  filling
              out  the  questionnaire,

              A final  due date  for  the  completed  question-
              naire ,

              The  name of a person  with the  agency who  can be
              contacted for questions.

          As  with all sections of  a  questionnaire,  the cover  let-
 ter  should be as  short and direct  as possible.   The general in-
 structions  (see Section 2.2),  however, may  be combined with the
 cover  letter  if practicable.   Example  cover letters and cover ,
 letters  combined  with sample instructions are included as Appen-
 dix  A.

          A strong statement about the' law  which requires'a re-
 cipient  to respond to the questionnaire-is  the agency's  most.
 powerful  tool for maximizing the return  rate.  Some recipients
 will refuse to fill out  a questionnaire  unless they realize that
 they are  legally  bound to do so.   Many others will procrastinate
 as long  as possible.   The recipient  should  be aware from the
 outset that he will hot  be forgotten if  he  does  not comply.

          The questionnaires with  the strongest  legal  statements
have been the most successful.   The strength of  the statement,
of course, is a reflection of the  strength of the regulation..
Each state should have an effective regulation,  according to
the Environmental Protection Agency regulations  on the prepara-
tion of State"Implementation Plans, Title 40 of  the Code of
                               6

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 Federal Regulations,  Section 51.11.   However,  some states have
 not fully implemented these requirements.
           Provisions for confidentiality may be established in
 the cover letter or on the general information page.   Mentioning
 confidentiality in the cover letter provides early notification
 of its  availability.

           A statement of the purpose of the  questionnaire  helps
 to motivate the recipient by providing  him with a  connection
 between his efforts  and the  final  product.   He should  also be
 given the feeling that the information  that  he will provide is
 important.   Some  recipients  may be motivated by reading  that
 their efforts will  contribute  to the maintenance or improvement
 of air  quality.

           The request  for cooperation should briefly tell  the
 recipient  what-he is  required  to fill out.   This helps the  re-
 cipient relate  to. the  questionnaire  by  providing him with  an '
 indication of what to  expect after the  cover letter.   If the in-
 structions  for  the questionnaire are  brief,  they may also be in-
 cluded here .
          The final due data for returning the questionnaire may
be specified either as a certain date or as a period of time af-
ter the recipient receives the questionnaire.  The due date for
each questionnaire must be carefully recorded so that the agency
will know when to issue follow-up letters or phone calls to non-
responding recipients.-

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          The questionnaire recipient should be given the name,
phone number, and address of at least one person in  the agency to
be  contacted for questions.  If there are many optional contacts,
the recipient may be  referred  to  a  separate, categorized list
of  contacts that follows the cover  letter.                    ;
2.2
Instructions
           Some questionnaires have  two sets of instructions, a'
set of general instructions which explains how to  answer  the
questions  and another set which explains how  to prepare a process
flow schematic and  a plant layout diagram.  These  two sets of
instructions may be combined, or there may be only the general
instructions.  Sample instruction pages, both general instruc-
tions and  diagram instructions, are included  in this document
as Appendix B.

           General information that affects the whole questionnaire
should be  included on the instruction page.  For example, if the
questionnaire is a general one, the instructions should explain '
'that the questionnaire was designed for a variety  of operations
and that some questions, sections, or pages might  not apply to;
a specific facility.  They should also indicate which sections
or pages should be completed for which processes or facilities.
If the question pages are designed for direct coding to computer
input,  the instructions should explain how to enter numbers pro-
perly.   The instructions for a process flow schematic or a plant
layout diagram should, if possible,  include a sample diagram.
It is best to have the samples adjacent to the instructions which
they exemplify.                                                 :
          In addition to explaining how to complete the question-
naire, the general instructions should provide the specific year,

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or  other  appropriate period  of  time,  for which  all  data  are  re-
quested.  The  contact name and  the  return  date  might optionally
be  included with  the instructions instead  of with the  cover  let-
ter.   If  the general instructions are  short, they may  be  combined
with the  cover letter, as explained in Section  2.1.
2.3
Que s t i onn ai re
          The general information section of a questionnaire iden-
tifies and locates the facility; it also solicits emission and
activity levels for both the facility as a whole and its peri-
pheral operations.  The process details section covers the spe-
cific operations at the facility; it solicits information on ac-
tivity levels  equipment involved, and emission points in each
process .

          The distinction between these two sections may not be
evident in a sample questionnaire such as an industry specific
questionnaire for a single pollutant,  but it should be considered
in the preparation of any questionnaire.
2.3.1
General Information
          The following information is usually solicited in the
general information section:

             Facility's name and mailing address,  if dif-
             ferent from label,
             Facility's location,  if different from mailing
             address,

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             Plot plan,

             Applicability of the questionnaire,

             Fuel used in entire facility,

           •  Waste disposal practices,

             Other identification information, such as
             the operating schedule, the anticipated
             growth rate, the SIC, or the number of      •  ,
             employees, only if required by the agency  ..    • '
             for present or future needs,                  ,

             Confidentiality, if desired, and

             Name and phone number of a person asso-
             ciated with the facility that the agency
             can contact.

           Since the facility name and mailing.address are usually
obtained by the agency before mailing out a questionnaire, there
'may be no  reason to ask the recipient to provide it.  In some :
instances, however, the questionnaire may be sent to a home of-
fice and the facility name and address may not be known  to the
agency.  If the facility name and address are given by the agency,
there should be space provided for address correction.

           The type of information required for plant location ;
varies with the needs of the inventory.  Sometimes an address/:
location is sufficient.  A scale diagram of the plant layout
(plot plan) may be necessary for accurately locating the source
for plume  dispersion modeling.  To be useful, diagrams should
have labeled clearly all processes, emission points, and control
                               10

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 devices with the same identification names or numbers that are
 used for entries in the questionnaire.

           Many inventories require UTM coordinates.  The instruc-
 tions for determining these coordinates must be long and detailed,
 the level of effort required is high, and the chance of error is
 significant.  (On the other hand, it would be quite costly for
 the agency to determine UTM coordinates for every facility.)  This
 information should be on file somewhere at the plant, on property
 records,  or in regional agency records.

           One compromise solution has been to ask the recipient
 for the most detailed information-to which he has access.   In
 other words, he  is  asked to supply UTM coordinates, if available,
 and if not,  to  supply as much information as  possible to help the
 agency determine  them.   A problem with this approach is  that the
 agency may receive  random information unless  it  specifies  exactly
 the types  of information needed.   One possible solution  is. illus-
 trated on  page  C-4  in Appendix C.

        ,  Each questionnaire  should  include immediately  after the
 identification information  a  statement of  the  conditions under
 which  the questionnaire would not apply to  the recipient's facil-
 ity.  The recipient should  be asked  to check a box and return the
 questionnaire if it is not  applicable.

         Fuel use and waste disposal data might also be required
 by  the agency.  Fuel use data may be for space heating and/or for
 total fuel use.   Wastes may be burned, land-filled, sold, or dis-
 posed of in some other manner.  If wastes are sold to another
 industry or contracted out, the name and address  of the purchaser
may alert the agency to a previously unknown source of emissions.
                              11

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          For large or complex facilities, an operating schedule
may be needed for each emission source.  In this case, it might
be simpler to request operating schedule information along with
the specific questions about each source instead of with general
information questions.

          A request for operating scheidule information should fit
the needs of the inventory.  The level of detail required should
not exceed the requirements of the end uses of the inventory.
For example, seasonal operating schediiles are sufficient for in-
ventories used to calculate seasonally adjusted emissions, where-
as daily operating schedules, such as- hours/day and days/week,;
are required for inventories used to identify sources to be con-
trolled during emergency episodes.

          Anticipated growth rates might be required by the agency
for planning or modeling.  The information can be requested as a
percentage of growth or decline over a specified number of years.
As with other information, it should only be requested if needed
for the purpose of the inventory.

          There are several methods which will provide for confi-
dentiality. • These methods are discussed in Section 3.  It is ;
important tha't confidentiality be available to those who need it,
but not so easily available that everyone will ask for it.

          The agency needs to know the name of the person who is
responsible for the responses given to a questionnaire and, in
some cases, the names of other people who participated in its ,
completion.  These names can be solicited directly or as signa-
tures .
                               12

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 2.3.2
Emissions and Process Details
          The question  section of an emission  inventory question-
naire solicits the information needed for the  characterization of
emissions.  The kinds of questions asked will  depend on whether
an annual emissions inventory of many pollutants is desired or
whether instantaneous average and maximum emission rates of one
or more pollutants is needed for modeling or other purposes.   It
is most important that the information requested is both needed
and not already on hand.

          A complete  question .section for such questionnaires may
ask for the following types of information:

          •   Activity levels  for  sources  of  emissions,

             Control  system descriptions,

          •   Process  flow  diagrams with equipment  descrip-
             tions ,

          •   Plans  for proposed changes to control  equip-
            ment or  operation procedures,

          •   Stack  data,

          •  Emission rates from stacks, vents, and fugi-
            tive sources,

          •  Concentrations of elements in raw  materials
            and end products,

            Stack test results,
                              13

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             Physical and chemical characteristics of
             emissions,

           •  Efficiency of control systems,                   ;

             Any additional descriptive information.

          The first five types of questions can be answered by
all recipients.  Some recipients will not be able to answer the
next five.  It is essential, therefore, that the first questions
solicit enough information on the operation of a facility so
that emission values can be verified if given and calculated
if not given.  The agency must also be aware of all sources of
emissions that are likely in each type of facility.  Categories
of sources of emissions and emission rates as related to various
activity levels, such as pounds of emissions per ton of product,
etc., are discussed in AP-42, "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emis-
sion Factors."5  Some example pages from AP-42 are included for
reference in Appendix E.

          Emission types may include process emissions; combus-
tion emissions from heat, steam, or power production; incineration
or-open burning emissions;, evaporative loss emissions from vola-
tile organic storage,  loading, unloading, or fugitive, emissions.
Activity levels which can be used to compute emission levels in-
clude fuel usage, raw material usage, production figures,  and
operating schedules.

          The agency should refer to AP-42 and ascertain that the
appropriate information is requested for each industry so that
the emission factors can be used to calculate emission rates.
The questionnaire, however, should not refer to AP-42,  and the
recipient  should not be  encouraged to use  it to quantify emissions
                               14

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           Emission rates  are usually one of  the main questions of
 a questionnaire.  These rates, incidentally, cannot be held con-
 fidential in any state according to Section  114 of the Clean Air
 Act and Amendments.  One  of the uses for a questionnaire might be
 to provide data for the National Emissions Data System (NEDS).
 The data requirements for this system are discussed in EPA-450/
 2-77-028, "Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories
 for Volatile Organic Compounds."  Sample question pages for the
 NEDS-are included in Appendix E of this document.   '

           The agency might also need to quantify different classi-
 fications of emissions.   Actual emissions a're those related during
 a specific time period,  either a long term average or a short term
 maximum.   Upset emissions  are  those released during the same time
 period due to control equipment downtime.   Potential  emissions
 are  those estimated to be  released if there were no control equip-
 ment being used.   For the  sake  of comparison, allowable emissions
 or  those  stipulated by government regulations or source permits
 may  also  be  desired.

          .Many  small' facilities in  an area  are  often  considered
 collectively  as  an  "area source."   Drycleaning  establishments
 and  service  stations  are common examples.   In many  of. these in-
 stances the questionnaire  may go  to  the  parent  company  instead
 of the individual operator.

          If a plant gives an estimate of its emissions, it is
important that the source of the estimate also be given.  Emis-
sions estimates based on'data from another plant or on emission
factors may not be as. accurate as those estimated on-site.

          The agency may ask for.emission test results and material
balances,  if available.  These  results are especially valuable if
they are the basis for other information supplied by the company
                               15

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or  if there are fugitive emissions.  Fugitive emission data
should be  solicited for each operation or phase of each process.

          The agency also should ask for the type and the effi-
ciency of all control equipment.  To be most accurate, control:
efficiencies for each type of pollutant might be requested.  Some
control equipment reduces, the emissions of more than one type of
pollutant; venturi scrubbers, for example, can be used to control
both particulates and sulfur dioxide.  The efficiency of particu-
late scrubbers varies with the particle size.  Expected ranges of
efficiency for specific control equipment can be found in APTD-
1570, "National Emissions Data System Control Device Workbook."6
The agency might also want to know the fuel requirements for con-
trol devices.                                                 ;

          Stack data are required for plume and other dispersion
modeling.  These include stack height and diameter, and gas tem-
perature and velocity or flow rate.  Other data requirements for
plume dispersion modeling are discussed in the document "Guide-
line on Air Quality Models."7

          The agency might also require information on the physi-
cal or chemical characteristics of emissions.  For example, the
particle size -distribution of particulates might be needed.  For
air oxidant studies, the agency might need to know the composition
of non-methane hydrocarbon emissions.  The recipient might also be
specifically asked to list emissions of other specific hazardous
pollutants, such as chlorides or heavy metals,  or he might simply
be asked for the chemical composition of emissions.  Sample for-
mats for pollutant specific questionnaires are included on pages
C-29, C-30, and C-31 in Appendix C.
                               16

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           Plans  for  proposed  changes  to  control  equipment  or  in
 operating  procedures which  could  affect  emissions  should be so-
 licited  so  that  the  agency  can estimate  how  long these question-
 naire results will be valid.

          Another piece of  information which may be requested is
 a schematic diagram of process flow.  This diagram is a valuable
 aid for interpreting the data entered by the questionnaire re-
 cipient.   For complex facilities,  such as refineries or chemical
Plants,  a schematic is essential.   A sample process flow diagram
is included as Page B-10 in Appendix B.
                             17

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3.0
CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEVELOPING QUESTIONNAIRES
          A successful questionnaire obtains the right answers to
the right questions while maintaining a good working relationship
with the recipients.  To get the right answers, the agency must
design the questionnaire for a high rate of return and a high rate
of accuracy.  To ask the right questions, the agency must carefully
examine its information needs.  To maintain a good working rela-
tionship with the recipients, the imposition caused by the ques-
tionnaire must be minimal.

          These requirements are discussed in this section, both
in general terms and as they apply to the specific parts of the
questionnaire.  In many instances the considerations are inter-
related.
3.1
The Right Question
          The right questions are those which solicit information •
which the agency needs, does not have, and cannot obtain easily,
from any other source.  In considering its information needs, the
agency should consider, what it is. going to use the information for.
The end use should indicate how accurate, how specific and how
current the information has to be.  Information needs for the near
future should also be  considered.

          Sometimes the information needs of several agencies can
be met by one well-designed questionnaire.  If feasible, the agency
should solicit input from other agencies in the designing of the
questionnaire.
                                18

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           After determining the present and near future informa-
 tion needs, the agency should check its files to determine if the
 information is already available.'  If it is not, the agency should
 consider all possible methods for obtaining it.

           Possible methods other than questionnaires for obtain-
 ing information include the files of other agencies, phone calls
 or visits to plant facilities (more useful for small industries
 and small geographic areas),  trade associations, and meetings with
 industry representatives.   The choice of method will depend on the
 size of the industry,  the type of information needed,  and the
 agency's working relationship  with other agencies  and with indus-
 try.   These other-methods  were discussed in Section 1.2.   In  gen-
 eral,  questionnaires  are  most  practical  when  there  is  a'lot of
 information to  be  obtained, a  lot  of  people to obtain  informa-
 tion  from,  or a need  to have written  verification of the answers.

          Even  the right questions  can be wrong  if  they are asked
 too often.   Industry's sensitivity  to an overload of paperwork
 from  government agencies must  be considered.   Some  information
 obtained once is valid for the life of the  facility; other  infor-
 mation must be  updated often.

          If possible, all information which the agency already
 has about the recipient's facility, such as mailing  address, SIC
 number,  UTM coordinates,  registration numbers, etc., should be
 preprinted on the questionnaire.  A window envelope  could be used
 to expose the facility name and address.   The recipient could
 then check them for accuracy and make only necessary corrections.
An example of this approach is shown on page C-2 in Appendix C.
                               19

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3.2
The Return Rate
          The return rate of a questionnaire depends on several
factors, not all of which are inherent in the questionnaire it-
self.  Some recipients, for example, may bitterly remember the
poor questionnaire they fumbled through only a short time ago.
But there are several ways to convince the recipient that he
should complete this one anyway.  And here first impressions can
be very important.

          The recipient's first impression will be the very size
of the document.  It should be as brief as possible.  Then as the
recipient flips through the pages he should see uncluttered pages
with easy-to read type and ample room for answers.  Paragraphs
should be short and well-spaced; questions should be in an aes-
thetic arrangement.  A return envelope emphasizes the importance
of the questionnaire and also indicates to the recipient that the
agency is anxious" to lessen the imposition.

3.2.1-:^.  Cover Letter           .                           •   '.
      ^.^ .          _
      •* ~
         , The cover letter will probably be the first part of the
questionnaire' that the recipient will actually read.  It contains
several items crucial to a high return rate:
     ""•*'
    '        A statement about any laws which require the
             recipient to respond,

             Provisions for confidentiality, and

             A due date .
          A strong statement about existing and applicable regu-
lations which require a recipient to respond to the questionnaire
                                20

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 is the agency's .most powerful tool for maximizing the return
 rate.  The statement should be placed prominently in upper case
 type at the top of the cover letter as shown in Appendix A.  It
 should cite any applicable regulations and specify.penalties ,for
 noncompliance.

           Confidentiality'can be established in one of several
 ways.  The simplest is a box to be checked to request confiden-
 tiality for all information other than emissions data given in
 the questionnaire.   Justification for the request would be given
 by the recipient on a separate sheet.                           •

           The main  advantage  to  this  approach is that is clearly
 indicates  the request to  the  agency.   It  also alerts the agency
 to look for supplementary supporting  information.   If the question-
 naire is converted  to computer input,  a  check in the confiden-
 tiality box can be  programmed as  a command to store  all  informa-
 tion  in a  limited access  data" file.

           The disadvantages of this approach  are that it does
 not provide  confidentiality 'for only part  of  the information  and
 that  it may be  too  easy to use.   It should be used only  for re-
 cipients who are anticipated  to be  deeply  concerned  about  con-
fidentiality .

          A more complex  method for establishing confidentiality
 involves the assignment of a survey number to each questionnaire;
 this number would be  also printed on the general information page.
 The agency director would detach the general  information page
 from the returned questionnaire and store  it  in  a locked file.
 Since all identification is presented on the  general  information
page, no one would be able to associate the information on the
question .pages with a specific facility.    If necessary, a fa-
 cility  could be  identified at a later time by locating the survey

                               21

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number in the locked file of general information pages.  This
consideration is especially important if the agency subcontracts
to a private company for the interpretation and transcription of
the information.  If the information is computerized, the identi-
fication information could be entered into a separate limited
access file.

          Each agency should investigate local laws to ascertain
that the identification concealment is not forbidden.  The public's
access to records varies among states.

          A system which allows for partial confidentiality  could
be established by the following insert in the cover letter:     ;

          Any proprietary information, which you believe
          is of a confidential nature, should be identi-
          fied in a supplementary letter and appropriate
          data in the questionnaire marked with the word
          CONFIDENTIAL.  A brief explanation in, your let-       '
          ter for the desired confidentiality should be
          noted.

          This system indicates clearly to the  agency which  infor-
mation is confidential and which is not.  It also  alerts the
agency to look for supplementary supporting information with each
returned questionnaire that is marked anywhere with  the word "con-
fidential."  Unless the marking is very clear, however, it is easier
for  the agency to overlook confidentiality with this system  than
with the other systems.

          The final due date should be included in the cover letter
so  that it will not be overlooked by  those who  do  not  read instruc-
tions .  This due  date may be specified either as a certain date or
                                22

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  as a period of time after the recipient receives the questionnaire
  The first approach is more specific, and gives the recipient a
  definite date to look at.  With the latter approach, however  the
  questionnaire mailing can be staggered without having to reprint
  the due dates listed on the cover letters.

            Staggered mailing is  particularly important for large
  inventories  with  too many questionnaires  to process  at  one time
  The resulting staggered receipt more economically  uses  the agency's
  resources.   Also,  questionnaires  can easily become lost  or damaged
  while waiting to be  processed by  the agency.

           Each correspondent should  have an  equal amount  of time
  to  respond.   This  time period should be large enough  so that the
  correspondent is not overly rushed and short enough that  the cor-
  respondent is not likely to forget.
 3.2.2
Questions
           Several factors in the design of the question section
 can affect the return rate.   First,  there should be a clear state-
 ment from which the applicant can determine whether the question-
 naxre  is  applicable to his  facility.   Then the questions must  be
 well-arranged and easy to answer.  These  factors  are discussed in
 this section.

           A  clear statement  of  applicability  serves  several  pur-
 poses .  If the  questionnaire  is  applicable, the statement rein-
 forces the necessity of compliance.   If the questionnaire is not
 applicable and  the  recipient  can easily process it as such  he
 may be more  cooperative when  one does apply to him.  A maximum
 return rate  on nonapplicable  returns also means that the agency
will not waste money following them up and will know which facili-
 ties are not producing the emissions, being inventoried.

                               23

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          The use of a check box helps  the agency distinguish  be-
tween questionnaires that are not applicable and the ones  that
are returned without any response.  Examples of statements of  ap-
plicability are provided below.

           .  If this equipment was used at least five (5)
             days last year, complete the questionnaire,

             If this equipment was not used at least five  (5)
             days last year, check this box and return this
             form,

             If  this equipment has been removed,  check this
             box and return this  form.

           Colored pages  may be used  to  designate  different sec-;
 tions of the questionnaire.  Statements  of nonapplicability at
 the beginning of each page or section  can be  used as an alterna-
 tive or supplement  to a general statement of applicability.  For
 example, a page of questions about organic liquid storage emis-
 sions might begin with the following statement.                 ,
              If you stored organic liquids last year;
fill
              out this page
            .  If not, check this box and turn to the next
              page  II  •

 By supplying a check box, the agency can discriminate between
 pages which were  forgotten and which were not applicable.

            As mentioned earlier, brevity enhances  the rate of re-
  turn.   The agency can  usually reduce the bulk of  the question  ;
                                 24

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 section by designing industry specific questionnaires instead of
 general questionnaires.  Industry specific questionnaires are de-
 signed specifically for one particular industry, as opposed to
 general questionnaires applicable to a whole group of industries.
 For example, it is better to send an industry specific question-
 naire with one question page to .a dry cleaning establishment than
 to send it a multipage general organic solvent users questionnaire.

           This consideration,  however, must be balanced against
 the level of resources available to the agency conducting the
 inventory.   It takes more money and manpower to design,  mail out,
 and interpret many industry specific questionnaires than it does
 general questionnaires.   Processing of industry specific ques-
 tionnaires  is .Iso more  complex because the format of each speci-
 fic questionnaire  will vary.   Furthermore,  it is possible to send
 the inappropriate  industry  specific  questionnaire to  a facility.

          General  questionnaires may be preferable  if  the agency's
 resources are limited  or  if  the  agency  is unfamiliar with many of
 the sources.   Inventories for  specific pollutants such as  lead or
 volatile organic compounds may be most advantageously  conducted   '
 with general  questionnaires.  Furthermore, general  questionnaires
 may be more appropriate for large or  complex .facilities that are
 difficult to  characterize.  Most of  these facilities will have
 engineers available to interpret the  forms.   If a general question-
naire must be used, it is even more valuable to provide a statement
 of  applicability for each page.

          Questionnaires that are organized so that all informa-
 tion about each source can be provided on one page  (source by
source) are usually easier to fill out than questionnaires" that •
have separate pages for process, emission, control, and stack
                               25

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information (subject-by-subject).   For this reason, source-by-source
questionnaires are usually considered the better format.  However,
if the questions are arranged by subject, industry specific ques-
tionnaires can be designed by simply selecting the subject pages
that apply to each industry.  Only a few supplementary pages of
questions that are unique to an industry must then be formulated.
Source-by-source and subject-by-subject questionnaires are illus-
trated in Appendix C.

          Another method which can minimize the level of effort
required from the recipient, and therefore enhance the return
rate, concerns the format of the questions.

          Multiple choice questions are the easiest type for the
recipient to answer.  Many questions can easily be formatted as
multiple choice.  For example, a question that asks the recipient
to write in the type of control device used can be improved by
supplying a list of conceivable control devices and asking the
recipient to put a check next to the appropriate answer.  Many
multiple choice questions should include the choice "other" with
a b'lank beside it -for entering out-of-the-ordinary replies .
Other questions, -such as those that require exact numerical an-
swers, can only be answered appropriately with a written response.

          A series of questions that are to be answered repeti-
tively can be put into a tabular format.  Tabular data are easier
to fill in and to process without errors if separate lines are
provided for each series of entries. .Questionnaires that require
hourly or daily entries are especially suited to a tabular format.
An example of a questionnaire requiring hourly entries is in-
cluded on page C-26 of Appendix C.

          As an alternative to a table for repetitive questions,
the recipient could be asked to make a copy of a questionnaire
                               26

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 page  for each set  of answers.   The latter approach is  especially
 useful  if the questions  are  long  or if they  can be put into  a
 multiple choice  format.   This  approach is illustrated  on  pages
 C-9,  C-23,  and C-24  in Appendix C.

 3.3       Accuracy of Responses
          To  be  considered accurate, questionnaire responses
 must  provide  both  the type of  information desired  and  the cor-
 rect  numerical data.  To  assure that responses will be  accurate,
 every effort  must  be  made not  to  confuse  the recipient.

          General  instructions should be  as precise as possible.
 Some  of the least  effective general instructions are those which
 explain in detail how to answer each question.  With such instruc-
 tions the recipient must refer to the instruction page each time
he gets to a new question.  This increases the work load and the
 change of error.   If a particular question requires clarification,
 it is better to note the information on the same page as the
question than to print it on a separate instruction page.

          To reduce ambiguity,  the following types  of information
should not be included in the general instructions.

             Units  of measurement  -- appropriate units
             of measurement  should be specified on  the
             question pages  or  the recipient  should be
             explicitly  requested  to write them with
             the  answers.

             Methods  of  calculation and conversion  --
             calculations  and conversions  should be
             performed by  the agency, and
                             27

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             Code numbers for entries -- all code numbers
             other than emission point numbers, if needed
             for computer input, should be entered by the
             agency.
                    <%
          Questions which do not need further explanation limit
the errors caused by those who might otherwise read the wrong
instructions for a question or by those who answer questions
without reading the instructions however well written they may
be.  One way to call for specific responses is to print the type
of units wanted for an answer right next to the answer space.
Another way is to use the multiple choice format discussed earlier.

          It is an advantage if samples can be provided with the
instructions for process flow schematic and plant layout dia-
grams.  Sample diagrams help the recipient to visualize what is
expected; they are easiest to interpret if they are adjacent to
the instructions.

          If a consistent, standardized, form is provided for per-
iodic inventories, regular recipients will eventually learn how
to provide the correct responses.  This is the one condition under
which a single generalized form for all facilities is acceptable.
Results for the first administration of the questionnaire may be
poorer than successive ones, but they will improve with each
successive administration.

          Industry specific language is especially important for
non-technical personnel who do not have economically practical
access to engineers or other technical personnel.   If a general
questionnaire is considered because of "limited funds or because
the agency is uncertain of the processes performed at a facility,
it may be better to provide a packet of industry specific question-
naires with industry specific language than to provide a single
generalized form.
                                28

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           Accuracy is  also  a factor in  the  decision to  use  the
 source  by source  or the  subject-by-subject  organization of  the
 question  section.   With  the subject-by-subject  organization  the
 recxpient must  turn pages continually to enter  information  about
 each source of  emissions.   Mistakes  can be  made in  the  connec-
 tions established  between a process, its emissions, it,  associated
 control device, and its associated stack.   Omissions of  data  can
 also easily go unnoticed.   A mistake can also easily be made by
 assigning information to the.wrong emission point number which
 should be shown on the process flow diagram along with all control
equipment used.   These problems also affect the agency when the
data xs  processed.   Process  diagrams with numbered emission points
can partially alleviate this problem.
                              29

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4.0
DESIGNING FOR COMPUTER INPUT
          The analysis of information/data received during the
course of most inventories is aided by the use of a computer.
The information below briefly discusses some of the possible
uses for a computer and explains how to format a questionnaire
for computer input.  A sample of a questionnaire formatted for
computer input is included in Appendix A.
4.1
Making Use of a Computer's Capabilities
          A computer can be used throughout most stages of an in-
ventory.  Some of the functions that it can perform are the fol-
lowing :

             Prepare address labels and/or preprint in-
             formation ,                •

             Print assembled industry-specific question-
             naire sets,             .

             Keep track of the status of the question-
             naires ,

             Store data,

             Perform calculations and conversions,

             Tabulate results , and

             Reformat data for future needs'.
                                30

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 A  computer  can also be programmed  to  check  the  accuracy of  the
 questionnaire responses by searching  for illegible or inappro-
 priate entries.

           Instead of printing address labels, the computer  can
 preprint the address directly onto the questionnaire form.  It
 can also be programmed to search data files from previous inven-
 tories to find and preprint all other information that would
 probably remain unchanged, such as plant'location and SIC numbers .
 The recipient then simply has to check the information for accur-
 acy and make changes,  if necessary,  Preprinting saves work for
 the recipient and improves the accuracy of the responses.   It is
 discussed in Section 3.1.

           As a part  of keeping track of the  status  of the  ques-
 tionnaires,  a computer can be used periodically  to  print  out
 lists  o,f  overdue  questionnaires  and those  received.   It  can  then
 be  programmed to  automatically print cut  follow-up  letters  to
 delinquent  recipients.                                     .  -  -

          One  advantage to having  a computer perform  all emission
 calculations  is that it can. then be used to  update .existing  emis-
 sion inventories whenever  a new emission factor  is generated.  If
 existing  emission inventories  are not  updated, an agency will not
 be  able to distinguish between real-changes  in emissions and false
 changes caused by the use  of  different emission  factors in dif-
 ferent years.
4.2
Formatting for Computer Input
          To be converted to computer input, the information on
a questionnaire must be put into a,format that can easily be read
by a keypunch operator unless the computer is programmed to accept
                                31

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data input directly into a video display formatted the same as
the questionnaire.  The recipient and the keypunch operator,
however, have different formatting needs.  The recipient can
only relate to spaces for complete answers, whereas the key
punch operator can only relate to individual spaces for each
number or letter.

          This problem can be solved with two different approaches,
One approach is to transcribe data from the questionnaires to a
separate computer input form, such as the computer input form :
in Appendix E-l.  A second approach is to reformat the question-
naire so that the data entered by the recipient can be read al-
most directly off the form by a keypunch operator.  Examples of
a questionnaire before and after reformatting are shown in Figures
4-1 and 4-2.

          Each approach has its relative advantages.  The first
is easier to use by the keypunch operator and is faster to use
for proofreading the resultant keypunched cards; transcribing
data to a separate form, however, it is extremely time consuming
and also introduces an additional chance of error.  The refor-
matted form, however, is a compromise between the ideal form
for a recipient and that for a keypunch operator; as such, it is
a bit more difficult for each to use than the separate forms as-
sociated with the first approach.

          The  three basic  steps  for reformatting  questionnaires
are summarized below:

             Decide which  information to keypunch,

             Provide answer boxes for each response
             to  aid the recipients, and

             Provide numbers beneath or  above each
             answer box to aid the keypuncher.
                               32

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           As part of the first step, the agency may decide not
 to keypunch all of the information on the questionnaire form.
 For example, it may not be necessary to keypunch the names of
 the facilities if inventory identification numbers are being
 used.   For the information that is needed, the agency should try
 to provide multiple choice questions.-  Answers to such questions
 are easier to keypunch than 'more subjective responses and require
 less space on a computer card.   If the  multiple choice format is
 used,  however,  the optional answer of "other" with a fill-in space
 should be  provided for those  responses  that cannot be fitted into
 the printed ones .   It  is bette.r for the agency to interpret  answers
 than to force the  recipient to  do  so .

           The second step in  reformatting is  to provide boxes  for
 each answer.  Multiple  choice questions  should have  one box  for
 each acceptable answer.   Fill-in questions  should have at  least
 one  box for  each letter  and number  anticipated  in the  answer.  This
 requires that the  agency  estimate how long  each answer will be.
 For  numerical answers,  the  range of values  expected  for each  an-
 swer must be  determined.   For example,  if the  answers  are  expected
 to range between 10  and  99,000  tons, then five  boxes must  be pro-
 vided:                                     .  •
                                   Mi tons .
Alternately, if answers between 1,000 and 99,000 tons are ex-
pected and they need be accurate only to the nearest thousand,
two boxes must be provided:

                             I  I  1,000 tons .

Commas and decimals placed correctly help the recipient to under
stand what is expected.  The problem with this system is that
                                33

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Name of Company:_

Location:
              Emissions Inventory

              Data for year 	

            WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRY

                            Plant ID No.
Number of actual operating days_
                      Normal operating-schedule:	hrs/day
                                                    days/wk	wks/yr
Check one of the following Mill Types:

    Type A - Circular Head-saw; with or without trim saws
    Type B - Circular Head-saw; edger, trim saws
    Type C - Circular Head-saw; vertical band resaw, edger, trim saws
    Type D - Band Head-saw; edger, trim saws
    ~Type E - Band Head-saws; horizontal band resaw, edger, trim saws
    "Type F - Band Head-saw; cant-gangsaw, edger, trim saws
    Type G - Round-log gangsaw; edger, double-end trimmer
               BF Doyle logs processed OR
Emission controls:

RESIDUES
BF lumber produced (Green Lumber Tally)

        Cyclones 	Multiclones	
       International Units

    	Other (Specify Units)

Bagf ilters	Scrubbers
Type
Chips
Bark
Sawdust
Shavings
Quantity
(Specify tons, cords, etc.)

•


Uses (% of each)
Landfill




Burned




Sold




How is material conveyed?_
                Pneumatically (Air blown)
         Mechanically (Drag
                                                        chains or conveyor belts)
   If pneumatic, give the following information relating to cyclones:
                   EPN      Diameter      Height	Residue Type
     Figure  4-1.   Typical Industry Specific Questionnaire  (continued on page 36)
                                       34

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                                                                       TOR OFFICE USE ONLY


                                                                       Form: GD     Yoar  19fT~l


                                                                        Plant ID No.   I I  I I  I I 1
                                                                                      56789 10
                                            WOOD  PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
      Name of company:

      Location:
      Number of actual operating days: 	  Normal operating schedule:    CEHrs/day   g days/wk [


    .  Check one of the following mill types:


          S9D   Type A-Circular head-saw;  with or without trim saws

          5gD2  Type B—Circular head-saw;  edger, trim saws


          MD3  Type C-Circular head-saw;  vertical band resaw, edger, trim saws

          SgQ4  Type D~Band head-saw; edger, trim saws

          5sP5   Type E-Band head-saws; horizontal band resaw,  edger, trim saws

         sgD6  Type F-Band head-saw; cant-gangsaw, edger,  trim saws   • '

          D  Type G-Round-log gangsaw; edger,  double-end  trimmer
                                            0R   Jf^ ,££Q  International Units

          TO000 <* l-b«r Produced  (green lumber t.Uy)                         p Other (specify units)
     Emission controls:
                            Cyclones   g  Multiclones  DBagfilters   H Scrubbers
                                                     'O             79
    FOR OFFICE  USE ONLY:   Card No. Q]
       	                      80
    RESIDUES
How is serial convoyed, ,£ Pne^.tically  (.tr blown)  ^ Mechanically (dr


     If pneumatic, give the following iniormation relating to cyclones:
                                                                          ag
E?N
47 aa
D iame t e r
CD fc
49 50
HeiRlit
CD ft
sTsz
Residue Type
Chips
a
Bark
a
54
Sawdust
. H ;
Shavings
n
56
Figure  4-2.
               Typical Industry  Specific  Questionnaire  Redesigned for
               Computer  Input   (continued  on  page   37  )

                                             35

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Wood Products Industry (continued)

COMBUSTION

Dry kilns:	Yes 	No

     EPN
     Type:_
                Gas
 Steam
Wood
                              Yes
     Quantity of wood burned_

Conical (Teepee) Burner: 	

     EPN	

     Quantity of residue burned_
            _tons

              No
                                            tons
     Check which is applicable to your .teepee operation:

     	Radial overfire air supply near bottom of shell and many gaping
          holes in shell
          Radial overfire air supply near bottom of shell
         _Adjustable underfire air supply and adjustable, tangential overfire
          air inlets
Boiler(s):

    EPN
                Yes
No
    Fly-ash reinjection:
                              Yes
              No
    Quantity of fuel used: 	tons of bark	tons of wood	mcf of gas

    Emission controls:	Cyclone 	Multiclone Other  (specify)	
    Stack Data:  ,Height_

                 ACFM
                            ft  Diameter
                    _ft  Temperature_
                                  OR Velocity (fps)_
         For square stacks:  Length	ft  Width	
                             Short Stack:     	Yes
                                                      ft
                                                         No
    Permit Numbers since  (date):
    Describe all non-permitted changes  to your opearation  since  (date)  e.j
    added a scrubber to boiler EPN B-10.  You may use back if necessary.

             COPY THIS PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL KILNS OR TEEPEE BOILERS.

   Figure 4-1  (continued from page 34)
                                       36

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Wood Products Industry (continued)


COMBUSTION
  Dry kilns:
               57-1
QNo
57-2
                                   Type:
                                          DGas
                                          58-1
                                                    DSteam
                                                    58-2
D Wood
58-3
  EPN CD
      5960

  Conical (Teepee)  Burner:


  EPN
 Quantity of- wood burned_:
                                                         rm,[
                                                         616263 6
                                           Jtons
           	1.1 I tons of residue burned
           7686970
      71
  Check which is  applicable  to your teepee operation:


      D  Radian  overfire  air supply near bottom of shell and many gaping
      734  holes in shell

      D  Radian  overfire  air supply near bottom of shell
      /3~2
      D  Adjustable  underfire air supply and adjustable, tangential over-
      733  fire air inlets
   FOR OFFICE  USE ONLY:  Card No.
Boiler(s)

   EPNOQ
       1 2

   Fly-ash reinjection:   Q Yee
   Emission controls:    D Cyclone   D Multiclone    D Otter '(specify)

   Stack data:  Height CEQft   Diamecsr  ODft    Temperature
                  Flow
   -   For square stacks:   Length   CDft


Permit numbers since January  1977:  D-DOOH  0-
                                   45 4647,«49  5O
                                              Width  CD,ft
                                        Short stack:
                                                                                           •*
                                                                               Qyes

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY:
EPN Q~]
1 2
CARD No. Q

Fly-ash reinjection:   Q^es   Q No


Quantity of fuel used:  ^.Cfl tons of bark      n^CCD  tons of wood


Emission controls:    Qcyclone    D Multiclone     DOther (specify)


                                                ft
                                                                                           racf o£  gas
  Stack data:  Height   U_U ft
                       23 2425
            Diameter


         ACFM    OR
              Flow rate  ,     . .
                         32333435

      For square stacks:  Length   LLJ ft
                                  3940
 Permit numbers since January 1977:   D-OZTTl
                                     45 46474849
                                             !627

                                               Velocity


                                           Width  CD ft
                                                  41 42
                                                      Temperature   f~l i  I I
                                                                    23 29 3031
                                                         363738 V

                                                             Short stack:

                                                      D Yes   D No
                                                      43      44
                                            n-LiJjj  n-rrrn
                                            55  56 575859  60  6162S364
  FOR OFFICE USE ONLY:   Card  No.
                COPY THIS PAGE  FOR ADDITIONAL KILNS  OP,

   Figure  4-2 (continued from page  35)

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there are no provisions for unexpectedly large answers.  For ex-
ample, there is no way to record 100,000 tons in the above two
examples.  A possible solution is to request the answer in scien-
tific notation.  The number 1,200,000 or 1.2 x 106 could be re-
corded as
This type of answer, however, may be confusing for the recipient
and may lead to order of magnitude errors;  its use should be
limited to major industries and a thorough explanation should
accompany its use.

          Boxes should also be provided for alphanumeric entries,
such as the facility name and mailing address, if needed.  It is
difficult to anticipate the longest alphanumeric entry.  Two al-
ternative approaches might be used. . One is to leave enough boxes
for most answers and to instruct the recipient to abbreviate an-
swers that are too long.  Another is to leave a blank line for
the answer and to instruct the keypunch operator to type in only
as much of the answer as possible within a specific number of
spaces on the keypunch card.  The -latter is better because it
provides the agency with a written copy of the complete answer.
This approach was used to format the company name and address in
Figure 4-2.

          The third step is to provide numbers beneath each box.,
They tell the keypunch operator which space on a computer card
corresponds to each box.  The first spaces on each card should
be assigned to information that can be used to identify the spe-
cific questions associated with the information on each card.
This information might include an inventory or account number and
the year of the inventory.  The keypunch operator should be in-
structed to repeat this information automatically at the beginning
                               38

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  of each card for a  questionnaire.  The sequential  card number
  should also be typed  in at the beginning or the  end of each card.
  This provides enough  information so that the cards  can easily be
  put in order.  Spaces  for the above information  should be set
  apart from the rest of the questionnaire and labeled "for office
  use only" (see Figure  4-2) , "since the information  should be pro-
  vided by the agency.

            The remaining  spaces  on each computer  card should be
  assigned to the recipient's responses.   Answers  to. multiple choice
  questions can be grouped  together under one number.   One space
  for a symbolic answer  (X)  or  several  spaces for  a subjective
  answer may be allocated for the response to "other".  However,
  some provision should be made for storing in the agency's  data
  file a -complete response  to such questions.  A secondary number
  or  letter would then be assigned to each acceptable  answer  so
  that the  keypunch operator would know which number or letter to
  type into  the assigned space.   In other words,  in the example
  shown below (taken from Figure  4-2) ,  if the recipient has checked
 Type C, the keypunch operator would know to type the number  3  into
  space 59  of the  computer card.                          •   •

Check one of the following mill  types:

    59=1  Type A~ Circular head-saw; with or  without trim saws
    59^2  Type B~ Circular head-saw; edger, trim saws
         Type a—Circular head-saw; vertical band resaw, edger, trim saws
         Type D~Band head-saw; edger, trim saws

         Type E— Band head-saws;  horizontal band resaw, edger, . trim saws

    59?6  T7Pe F~~Band ^ad-saw; cant-gangsaw, edger, trim saws
     D   Type G-- Round-log gangsaw; edger, double-end trimmer
                                39

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          Each box for a fill-in answer should be assigned its
own number.  Blank lines for alphanumeric fill-in answers could
be assigned numbers to indicate the beginning and the end of the
field allotted on the computer card.  This system is not as suit-
able for numerical answers,  since the keypunch operator would not
know specifically in which space to type each number.  For ex-
ample, compare the following entries:
                          206
                            8
                      I  I  I  I  I
                      5678
The keypunch operator could make a mistake by typing the first
entry as 2, 0, 6, blank, which could be read by the computer as
2060.  There is much less chance of this error with the second
entry.
                          *

          In most "cases , numbers provided, underneath the answer
spaces will not be confusing to the recipient.  If there is fear
that they may be, the numbers could be printed on a separate over-
lay.  The keypunch operator would then simply have to place the
overlay on top of the questionnaire before keypunching the data.
The agency would have to make sure that the correct overlay is
used with each questionnaire.

          Some responses may need to be coded by the agency.  Extra
spaces can be left next to each answer that is to be coded by the
agency.  These spaces should be clearly separated from the spaces
left for the recipient's responses.  They could be enclosed in
boxes and labeled "for office use only" or placed in a separate
column so labeled.  As an alternative, the extra spaces could be
                               40

-------
printed on an overlay instead of on the questionnaire.  The over-
lay could also include all of the computer card position numbers,
as discussed above.  Care would then have to be taken to keep each
coded overlay with its associated questionnaire.
                              41

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5.0
FOLLOW-UP
          The work on a questionnaire has only begun when the
mailing is done.  Several important tasks remain:  checking the
accuracy and completeness of responses, contacting delinquent re-
cipients , and tabulating and/or transcribing the responses.  In
addition, all agency personnel who were listed as contacts on the
questionnaire should confer with each other to be sure the advice
they are giving is consistent.

          Each questionnaire should be reviewed as soon as pos-
sible after it is received.  Immediate tabulation also helps the
agency to determine which recipients are delinquent and to spot
questionable data.  If the inventory is large, the mailings can
be staggered so that all of the questionnaires are not returned
at the same time.

          All questionnaires should ideally be checked by engineers
to see if the questions have been answered properly and to see if.
the data provided are reasonable.  Process flow and plant layout
diagrams help the engineer to interpret the responses.  Ideally,
questionnaires from each industry should be checked by engineers
who have worked in or are very familiar with the industry.

          To ascertain that the total emissions and activity
level results from a questionnaire are reasonable,  the totals
should be compared to those which can be extrapolated from data
from other sources.   For instance, total fuel use for an area
can be obtained from state tax records,  total dry cleaning emis-
sions can be determined from population figures,  and emission
factors can be obtained from AP-42.

          Obviously,  the extent to which an agency can check the
responses depends on the resources available to the agency.
                              42

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 Nevertheless,  the success of the questionnaires will suffer
 greatly if the accuracy of the responses  is not properly checked.
 Provisions for the resources,  funds,  and  manpower  needed to
 check the questionnaires should be  established by the agency  at
 the  onset of the  inventory.

           The  return  rate can  be greatly  increased by recontact-
 ing  delinquent recipients by phone  or  letter.   Recontact  reminds
 them they will not be conveniently  forgotten  if they just remain
 quiet.   For  others, who  may  be frustrated with the questionnaire,
 it provides  an honorable way to  ask for help.   A sample follow-
 up letter to a delinquent recipient is given  in Appendix  D.

           A  contact at the recipient's facility,  preferably the
 person who filled  out  the  questionnaire,  is also important to
 help  the  agency clarify  or substantiate responses  in the  ques-
 tionnaire .

           The  number  of  contacts with the recipient  should be
 limited because the recipient  might become uncooperative  if con-
 tinually  requested to supply information.   This  is particularly
 true  for  those who might'be annoyed by the entire  idea of com-
 pleting a  questionnaire.  Limited contact, however,  does not
mean  that the  agency  should refrain from recontacting a recipient
whose questionnaire is incomplete or improperly  completed.  When
 recontacting a recipient,  though, the agency  should  attempt to
 ask  for all required  information at one time.

          Finally, the agency should observe the successes and
shortcomings of its questionnaire.  Causes should be established
from.any problems  incurred so that the next questionnaire can  be
improved.
                              43

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6.0
REFERENCES
    Lahre, Tom.  Procedures for the Preparation of Emission In-
    ventories for Volatile Organic Compounds,  Volume I.  Environ-
    mental Protection Agency, OAQPS.   Research Triangle Park,
    North Carolina, 27711.  EPA 450/2-77-028.   December 1977.

    Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc.  Guidelines for Air Quality
    Maintenance Planning and Analysis, Volume  VII, Projecting
    County Emissions, Second Edition.  Bethesda,  Maryland.   EPA
    450/4-74-008, OAQPS Guideline No. 1-2-026.  January 1975.

    Baldwin, T. E. et al.   Guidelines for Air  Quality Maintenance
    Planning and Analysis, Final Report, Volume XIII, Allocating
    Projected Emissions to Subcounty Areas.  Argonne National
    Laboratory, Energy Environmental Systems Division, Argonne,
    Illinois.  EPA 450/4-74-014.  November 1974.

    AEROS Manual Series
    Volume I:  AEROS Overview.   Environmental  Protection       '
    Agency,  OAQPS.  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina,
    27711.  EPA-450/2-76-001, OAQPS No.  1.2-038.   February
    1976.

    Volume II:  AEROS Users Manual.  Environmental Protection
    Agency,  OAQPS.  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina,
    27711.  EPA-450/2-76-029, OAQPS No.  1.2-039.   December
    1976.

    Volume III:  Summary and Retrieval (Second Edition)
    Environmental Protection Agency,  OAQPS.  Research
    Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711.   EPA-450/2-76-009a,
    OAQPS No. 1.2-040A, July 1977.
                               44

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5.
6.
 Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors,  3rd Edition,
 and Supplement 8,  AP-42,  PB  275  525.   Environmental Protec-
 tion Agency,  OAQPS, Monitoring and Data Analysis  Division.
 Research  Triangle  Park, North Carolina, 27711,  August  1977
 and May 1978.

 Vatavuk,  William M.  National Emissions Data  System (NEDS)
 Control Device Workbook.  Environmental Protection Agency,
 National  Air  Data  Branch.  Research Triangle  Park,  North
 Carolina, 27711.  APTD-1570.  1973.

 Guideline on Air Quality Models.   Environmental Protection
 Agency, OAQPS,  Office of Air  and Waste Management.  Research
 Triangle  Park,  North Carolina, 27711.  EPA 450/2-78-027,
 OAQPS No.  1.2-080.   April 1978.

 Guide for Compiling a Comprehensive Emission  Inventory,
APTD 1135, Revised.  Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Air and Water Programs.  Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina,  27711.  March 1973.-             •
                              45

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                           APPENDICES

          Appendices A, B, C, & D contain sample cover letters,
instruction pages, question sections, and a follow-up letter.
They are intended only as illustrations of suggestions made in
the text, not as prototypes to be copied exactly.

          No attempt has been made to provide any one complete
questionnaire for a particular purpose.  Each agency shoxild com-
pile its own questionnaire according to its own needs.

          Some'of the examples included here have been taken di-
rectly from actual questionnaires distributed by state agencies.
Others have been altered somewhat or designed solely for,this
document.  All examples have been denuded of identifying marks
and names to protect the privacy of the contributors.

          In some instances the examples have been reduced from
larger size originals to make inclusion in this document conven-
ient.  In any actual questionnaire, care must be taken to assure
that space for answers is adequate and that pages do not appear
cramped.

          Appendix E contains sample entries from AP-42 to illus-
trate the kinds of information that can be obtained from it and
sample forms from the National Emissions Data System (NEDS) to
illustrate uses for the information obtained from an emissions
inventory.
                               46

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               APPENDIX A
          Example Cover Letters
A-2:





A-3:





A-4:





A-5:
Sample cover letter




Cover letter explaining applicability




Cover letter with general instructions




Cover letter with general instructions
                  A-l

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                        (OFFICIAL STATIONERY HEADING)
        LAWS OF THIS STATE REQUIRE THAT THE INFORMATION REQUESTED BELOW
                 BE SUBMITTED AS SPECIFIED TO THE (AGENCY).
                     FAILURE TO RESPOND COULD RESULT IN
                (LOCALLY APPLICABLE REGULATIONS OR PENALTIES)
Gentlemen:

   The (agency) is conducting an inventory of atmospheric emissions of organic
compounds from stationary sources in (area).  The results will be used in the
formulation of control plans as required by (applicable regulations).  You are
requested to provide information necessary for the assessment of emissions
from equipment and processes in your plant by completing the enclosed question-
naire .

   Confidentiality will be provided for all submitted information (other than
emissions data) which is properly identified as confidential on the answer
sheet.

   This questionnaire has been designed specifically for your industry; there-
fore, you should answer each question.

   The required data should be submitted no later than thirty (30) days after
receipt of this letter.  A return envelope is included for your convenience.

   Any questions regarding this questionnaire should be forwarded to (name(s)
of Agency personnel) at (phone number)-.

                                          Sincerely,
                                          (Name)
                                          (Title)
                                     A-2

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                         (OFFICIAL STATIONARY HEADING)
               YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING THE INFORMATION
          REQUESTED BELOW FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR (YEAR) NO MATTER WHAT
          PORTION OF THE YEAR YOU OPERATED AND/OR OWNED THE FACILITY
           OR HOW SMALL YOUR SOURCE OF EMISSIONS.   FAILURE TO COMPLY
           MAY BE GROUNDS FOR THE INSTITUTION OF LEGAL PROCEEDING IN
          ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF.(STATUTE), WHICH PROVIDES
                 FOR CIVIL PENALTIES IN THE EVENT OF VIOLATION.


 Gentlemen:

    A primary responsibility of the (Agency)  is to evaluate the quality and
 quantity of the air contaminants emitted to  the atmosphere of (area).   The
 attached solvent usage survey report forms will assist the (Agency)  in carry-
 ing out  that important task.

    The questionnaire which follows is a general questionnaire, some  parts  of
 which will  not  be applicable  to  your situation.   You are requested to  com-
 plete ^one form  for each item  of  equipment you have which is  listed below.
 You.will also comp"ate one pink  form number  4 for each location.   All  pages
 which are not applicable are  to  be marked as  such in the space provided at
 the top  of  each page.
         WHITE
         YELLOW

         BLUE




         PINK
FORM 1 - Spray Booths  (paint  & Solvents)
         Degreasers  (metal cleaning)
         Dip Tanks  (painting  & cleaning)
         Printing Presses (ink & solvents)
         Roller or Flow Coaters (paints & solvents)
         Adhesive & Miscellaneous equipment  (solvents)

FORM 2 - Ovens (used to dry coated materials)

FORM 3 - Bulk handling and processing equipment which
         use solvents.  (Paint, plastic, fertilizer,
         pharmaceutical, insecticides, rubber, pre-
         servatives, etc.)

FORM 4 - Each plant location  (solvents & cleaning)
         Please give the permit number if the equipment has one.  If the
         equipment does not have,a permit, write in Section A of the form
         "No Permit".

   The required data is to be submitted not later than thirty (30) days after
receipt of this questionnaire.  We will be glad to assist you in any way that
we can.  If you have any questions, please contact (Name(s) of agency personnel)
at (phone number).
                                            Sincerely 3

                                            (Name)
                                            (Title)
                                       A-3

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                        (OFFICIAL STATIONERY HEADING)
            THIS SURVEY IS IN ACCORDANCE WITH (REGULATION).  YOU
             WILL BE LIABLE FOR (PENALTY) IF YOU DO NOT COMPLY.
Dear Sir:
The purpose of this survey is to obtain information on the approximate number
of gallons of gasoline which are delivered at selected service stations.
Neither the name or location of your station will be disclosed in any survey
report.

Results will be reported for the total number of stations in each category.
For example, six stations in the lower end of the range (approximately 100,000
gallons/year) ; eight in the middle range s-nd six in the upper range (over
500,000 gallons/year).

You will receive a copy of this final survey and should find it useful both for
scheduling of your own personnel and for comparison of your individual de-
liveries against the norm for your range.

We appreciate that your sales are heaviest on the weekends, so please take your
readings on a Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday during the month of (month).

                                Special Notes

1.  Please take the reading on each pump once every two hours, preferably  ;
    near the end of the even hours.  If for some reason you are unable to
    take the reading at the scheduled time, skip the reading and take it
    for the next hour, noting the time.                      .           .   ;

2.  Numbered labels are provided so that you can number your pumps for the
    purpose of this survey.

3.  The form contains columns for six pumps; if you have more than this,
    please use additional sheets.

4.  The completed form is to be returned to this office by (Date).  A
    self-addressed, stamped envelope has been 'enclosed for your con-
    venience .

                                             Sincerely,
                                              (Name)
                                              (Title)
                                     A-4

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                        (OFFICIAL STATIONERY HEADING)


             FAILURE TO RESPOND TO THIS REQUEST COULD CAUSE
                 (LOCALLY APPLICABLE REGULATIONS OR PENALTIES)
Gentlemen:

   The (Agency) requests your cooperation in providing the information asked
for on the attached questionnaire concerning potential emissions resulting
from the operation of your facility.  The results will be used in compiling
a state-wide analysis of your industry.

                    BEFORE FILLING OUR THE QUESTIONNAIRE
                   PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS:

        Please return the questionnaire in the enclosed stamped, ad-
        dressed envelope on or before (Date).  Your cooperation and
        expeditious completion of the inventory forms will be appre-
        ciated.

     *  The questionnaire was designed for a wide variety of opera-
        tions which involve extensive solvent usage.  Accordingly;
        many questions may not apply to your facilities.  Please
        complete only those sections that are applicable to your
        operations and mark the others as "not applicable."

        Everyone receiving this form should complete Section I
        (General Information).  Indicate any change in name and/
        or address.    •                 •                •

     •  The information submitted should pertain to the calendar
        year of (Year).

        If there is more than one plant location, please request
        additional copies or photocopy it for each facility.

        If the space provided is not adequate, feel free to either
        copy the form, use a separate sheet or request an additional
        copy.

     •  Please mark clearly any information, other than emissions data,
        which you consider confidential and include your reasons for
        doing so in your cover letter.

   Your cooperation in filling out this form is greatly appreciated.  If you
require additional forms or further information, please contact (Name of Agency
contact)  (telephone).
                                             Sincerely,


                                            • (Name)
                                             (Title)
                                      A-5

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                   APPENDIX B
           Example'  Instruction  Sheets
B-2:  Sample general instructions

B-3:  Special instructions

B-4:  Instructions for computer-formatted form

B-5:  Plant lay-out map and process flow diagram
      instructions for less complex industries

B-6
to
B-10: Plant lay-out map and process flow diagram.
      instructions for  more complex industries
      and sample.               •
                       B-l

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                                (SAMPLE)

                           GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

                  ORGANIC SOLVENT SOURCE QUESTIONNAIRE
1.  All questions should be directed to (name of agency contact) (phone
    number).

2.  This questionnaire was designed to obtain information from a wide variety
    of solvent users.  The complete questionnaire includes the following
    pages:

            Page A - General Information
                 B - Degreasing Operatifans
                 C - Dry Cleaning Operations
                 D - Protective or Decorative Coatings
                 E - Fabric or Rubberized Coatings
                 F - Miscellaneous Surface Coatings
                 G - Ovens
                 H - Printing                                        :
                 I - General Solvent Use
                 J - Bulk Solvent Storage
                 K - Control and Stack Information

    You have received only the pages that our records show would pertain to
    your operations.  All recipients should complete pages I, J. and K.  If
    certain pages appear to be missing please contact (name of agency contact).

3.  Data should reflect calendar year  (year) or  (year), whichever is more
    readily available.  Specify any other 12-month period that may be used.

4.  Fill in the descriptive Information and amounts -of solvent use or solvent
    containing materials for each device operating under county permit as
    shown  in the example on each page.  (Note:   these examples are for illus-
    tration1 only and may not represent actual operating conditions.)  if data
    are not available on an individual device basis, use best estimates from
    total  plant usage.

5.  If  the type(s) and/or percentages  of solvents in coatings,  inks, etc. are
    not known, include sufficient information on the manufacturer, type and
    stock  number so  that this breakdown can be obtained.  A copy of  the sup-
    plier's invoice would be adequate.  Do not -simply specify that the material
    meets  Rule 66 requirements.

6.  Confidential or  proprietary  information may  be  so specified by including
    a cover letter with  the returned questionnaire.  The  data that will be
    generated during this program will be public information.  However the
    data on specific sources will be presented in a manner that will conceal
    the individual emission source  to  all but staff personnel.  It is our
    understanding that  the data  will not be used for enforcement purposes;
    however,  it must be  recognized  that  this information  may be employed in
     the formulation  of  regulations  which may ultimately affect  the specific
    sources included in the study.  Again, please specify in writing what
    data  are  considered  confidential or proprietary.

                                     B-2

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             SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
 (AGENCY)  EMISSIONS  INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRES ARE
MAILED TO ALL  INDUSTRIES WHETHER LARGE  OR SMALL.
IT IS EXPECTED THAT MANY SMALL  INDUSTRIES WILL
BE EXEMPT FROM FUTURE QUESTIONNAIRES.   HOWEVER,
EXEMPTIONS CAN BE GRANTED ONLY AFTER THE  (AGENCY)
HAS COMPLETED  AN EVALUATION  OF THE COMPANY'S
FACILITIES.  THEREFORE, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT SMALL
INDUSTRIES COMPLETELY DESCRIBE ALL OPERATIONS ON
PAGE ( ) .  IF NECESSARY, A LETTER 'SHOULD  BE
ATTACHED FULLY EXPLAINING THE COMPANY'S OPERA-
TIONS.   INADEQUATE INFORMATION WILL RESULT IN
CONTINUED COMMUNICATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
                    B-3

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         INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE SOLVENT USAGE SURVEY FORMS
           These forms  are formatted  for  computer input.  Therefore, it is es-
 sential that all answers  be entered  properly.

           When an answer  is in words,  such  as  the name of your facility, be-
 gin with the left box  and write your answer one letter to a box until you
 finish or run out of boxes.  Use standard abbreviations, if necessary.

           When your answer is in numbers, such as the amount  of solvent used,
 put the last digit of  the number in  the  box farthest to  the right  and work
'backwards.  Round off  any fractions  to the  nearest whole number.   For example,
 enter 2785.8 gallons as
                              rm .1 7\8\ 61  gal.

           The forms require that you enter  the operating time using a_ 24-hour
 dock.  Use the following table to convert  from normal clock time.   Round each
 time to the nearest whole hour; round half  hours to the previous hour.
Normal
Clock
12 Midnight
1 a.m.
2
3
4
5 •
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 Noon
24-Hour
Clock
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
' 08
09
10
11
12
Normal
Clock
1 p.m.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
' 10
11
12 Midnight

24-Hour
Clock
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

 For a beginning time of 8:30 a.m. and an.ending time of 4:45 p.m., round off
 8:30 to 8:00 and 4:45 to 5:00.  Using the table, convert 8:00 a.m. to 08 and
 5:00 p.m. to 17.  Enter these numbers on the.form as follows:
                          Beginning Time I 0|8|
                          Ending Time    111 71

 A 24-hour operation would be entered as:
                          Beginning Time I Olol

                          Ending Time
                                      B-4

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                             INSTRUCTIONS FOR REPORTING
                         EMISSION SOURCES AND NEW PROCESSES

  INFORMATION PROVIDED  SHOULD BE FOR THE  CALENDAR YEAR (JANUARY  1 THRU DECEMBER 31)

  PLANT LAY-OUT MAP  AND SOURCE NUMBERING

  A scaled map of your  plant  showing boundaries must be  included with  your question-
  naire.  Number each source  of emissions  to  the  atmosphere  (stack,  flare, building,
  dump,  etc.)  sequentially  throughout the  plant so  that  no two emission sources  have
  tiln^T m^er,;i1T£eSe ?anbered «*«»i<» sources will be  used throughout the  ques-
  n  ^ !       ^       referred to  as "SOURCE NUMBERS." If a scale map was previously
  provided, supply a sketch so  we can locate  any new emission sources  on your map.

  PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM                                   '


  A  flow sheet  should be provided for each manufacturing process, fuel  combustion,
  and waste disposal system:


    1.  Draw a  flow diagram similar to the example below that describes the flow
        of emissions from each contributing source.

    2.  Name each"PROCESS."  The process name should be descriptive and indicate
        the type of equipment used in the process.

    3.  Label each air pollution control device with its "CONTROL NUMBER" and label
        each source of emissions with its "SOURCE NUMBER."

 The "SOURCE NUMBERS"  in the Process Flow Diagram should be  identical with those
 listed in  the PLANT LAY-OUT MAP and throughout the QUESTIONNAIRE.

 EXAMPLE:

                                      Control Number 1
CONTROL
DEVICE


EMISSIONS
SOURCE
                                                               Source  Number  2
EMISSIONS
SOURCE
                                     Control Number 2

                                     CONTROL DEVICE
                                     Control Number 3

                                     CONTROL DEVICE
                                                              Source Number 3

                                                              EMISSIONS SOURCE
OVERALL PLANT FLOW PATTERN


A diagram describing the interrelationships of the process within your plant should
be compiled similar to the example below and included with the returned question-
naire (name each process with the same name used for the "Process Flow Diagram")
Flag new processes and indicate their interrelationships with previously existing
processes:                                                                      °

EXAMPLE:
PROCESS Y


PROCESS X
PROCESS P


PROCESS Q
                                   B-5

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                           PLOT PLAN GUIDELINES
     In order to accurately define the geographical coordinates of each emis-
sion point for computer modeling, the agency must use computerized aids to
determine the exact location of your emission sources with respect to an
accurately defined bench mark location.  It is important, therefore,  that
your plot plan conform to the following specifications:

1.   The plot plan should be drawn with a scale between 1" = 10' and
     1" - 400'.  The plot plan submitted should not be reduced or en-
     larged from the original scale drawing.  The maximum size plan
     should be 30" x 40".

     If your plant is too large to meet the above criteria submit
     multiple drawings, each in accordance with these guidelines
     and each with an accuratley defined bench mark.

2.   One point on each plot plan map should be specified as the plant's
     bench mark by latitude and longitude accurate to the nearest degree,
     minute, and second  (General Highway Maps from the State Highway
     Department or U.S. Geodetic Survey maps available from local en-
     gineering supply offices have latitude and longitude lines on them
     and may be an aid in determining  this).  This point does not neces-
     sarily have to be within the plant's boundaries but could, for
     example, be a nearby intersection which appears on  the plot plan.

3.   A "TRUE NORTH" arrow should be drawn on each plan.

4.   Each emission point in the plant  must be accurately placed with
     respect  to the-bench mark and should be designated with a dot.
     Numbered flags should be used to  identify these emission points.

5.   Since  these data will be computerized, we ask that  you use emission  •
     points uniformly as follows:

     A.  Use  only numbers and upper case letters.

     B.  Do not use more than 8  characters.

     C.  Do not use the  same number for two different emission
         points.  If you have a  stack  number 2 and tank  number
         2, use S2 and T2 to differentiate  between them.

     D.  Numbers for fugitive emission points should  include  the
         prefix "F."

      E.   Please be  consistent with emission point numbers  between
          the  plot plan and  the  emissions  inventory questionnaire.
          If emission point  numbers can not correspond to those
          in your  last  emissions inventory,  please provide  a cross-
          reference  table.
                                     B-6

-------
Page 2 - Plot Plan Guidelines
6.
An emission point number should be assigned for each of the following
items:
     A.


     B.

     C.
    D.
    Any stack or vent which normally has a flow containing compounds
    other than steam  or oxygen.

    Each flare (ground or elevated).

    Each industrial tank greater  than 10,000 gallons which contains
    a volatile organic compound (VOC) regardless of vapor  pressure
    and each tank between 1,000 gallons  and 10,000  gallons which
    contains VOC with a vapor  pressure >0.1 psia, at storage  temp-
    erature, which vents to  the atmosphere.   Tanks  less  than  1,000
    gallons  which contain material of any  vapor  pressure may  be   .
    grouped  together and their emissions represented under a  tank
    farm fugitive emission point number along with  the emissions
    from the valves and pumps  in the  tank  farm.

    Each loading/unloading point (for railroad cars,  trucks,  pipelines
    ships, and barges).
    E.  Each fugitive emission point:
        a.
        b.
        c.
       Each process which has groups of non-continuous stacks or
       vents  (i.e., relief valves, blowdown vents, rupture disks)
       process drains, pipe valves and flanges, pump seals, com-
       pressor seals, or raw material transfer points which are
       sources of fugitive materials.  Each process should have
       one fugitive emission point number assigned.

       Each cooling tower structure which cools water that has
       exchanged heat with process hydrocarbons (several bays in
       one structure may be represented by one emission point
       number).   Closed circuit cooling water systems which have
       a vent on the water surge vessel are considered fugitive
       emission sources and an emission point number must be as-
       signed to each vent.

       Each pond, reservoir,  lagoon,  holding basin, separator,
       or other  containment containing any carbon compound in
       process waste water.   Fresh water,  fire water,  and inor-
       ganic chemical water ponds need not be assigned emission
       point numbers.
                                   B-7

-------
Page 3 - Plot Plan Guidelines

         d.  Each open burning area or open dump; each bulk materials
             and solid waste storage pile.

         e.  Any other fugitive emission for a given area of the
             facility of which you have knowledge (i.e., painting,
             degreasing, engine testing, space heating, printing,
             etc.)

7,   Identification of many singular emission points may be difficult in
     congested areas of some plot plans.

     Reference numbers or letters may then be used to identify a group
     of these emission point numbers.  We ask that you do not group
     these congested emission points unless they are within 30 feet of
     the selected point shown on the plot plan.  This 30-foot rule
     applies only to stacks and does not apply to groupings of fugi-
     tive emissions for an area; e.g., valves, pumps, and small tanks
     within a VOC storage tank farm.

8.   Combustors of the same type and which have a unit design capacity
     less than one million BTU/hr may be grouped under one emission
     point number.  That is, all small heaters in your plant can be
     grouped and assigned one emission point number.  All small boilers
     can also be grouped and assigned another emission point number.
     Therefore, only two dots would be  drawn on your plot plan to
     represent these two groupings.  The location of these points
     must be representative of the, area in which the majority of  the
     stacks are located.              '      .                  •          .

9.   Place your Plant  ID number on the plot plan.  This number is
     located in the lower left corner of  the address label on the
     questionnaire.
                                      B-8

-------
1.
2.
3.
4.
       EMISSION INVENTORY SHORT FORM QUESTIONNAIRE INSTRUCTIONS


 Complete each applicable item and return the questionnaire within 60 days
 after receipt.  Indicate "NA" for the items in the questionnaire not
 applicable to your operation.

 Unless your questionnaire specifically indicates a. requirement for esti-
 mated emission rates (tons per year), do not enter these rates.  Emission
 rates wxll be calculated by the (Agency) from the data submitted.

 Include a process  flow diagram (sample attached), for each process,  with
 your questionnaire.   This diagram must indicate the flow of raw materials
 and^ fuels, into,  through, and from the process and its associated process
 equipment.   Each of  the emission points must be clearly shown and num-
  !re?/? ^S diagram'   ^ combustors,  processes and abatement equipment
 should be descriptively named on the  flow diagram or on an attachment to
 the  flow diagram.  Emission points are those points  within your plant
 property from which  emissions to the  outside air exist.

 An Emission Point  Number (EPN)  is  also required for  each Process Fugitive
 !2sjB  and for fugitive  emissions  from  aggregate  or solid  waste storage	
 piles, waste water holding  ponds which may  contain carbon compounds  and
 volatile organic compound (VOC)  storage tank farms.   The latter must show
 not only an emission point  number  for  each'  storage tank  and each loading/
 unloading dock, but also  a  fugitive emission point number which repre-
 sents  the total losses  from all pumps,  valves,  etc.  in each tank farm
 area.                                                      •

All roof  or  other  building  vents not directly ducted  from processes
are to be. considered as building fugitive emissions.  Assign  one  emis- '
sion point number  for the total emissions from  all such-vents in  one
building.                     •                       •                .

Process stacks which go through the building or are against it, but do
notarise more than 10 feet above the roof line or apex, are considered
as  Short Stacks"  for emissions dispersion modeling and must be so indi-
cated in  the stack data section of the questionnaire
                                    B-9

-------
                                          M


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B-10

-------
                     APPENDIX  C
             EXAMPLE QUESTION SECTIONS
 C-2:
 C-3:
 C-4:
 C-5:
 C-6:
 C-7:
 C-8:
 C-9:
 C-10
 C-ll:
 C-12:
 C-13:
 C-14:
 C-15:
 C-16:
 C-17:
 C-18
 C-19
 C-20:
 C-21:
•C-22:
 C-23:
 C-24:
to
to
 GENERAL INFORMATION

 Identification and Question Sheet -Section
 Identification
 Location
 Location                           '
 Fuel  Consumption
 Refuse  Collection and Disposal
 Refuse  Disposal

 SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

 Stack Data

 Elevators, Grain  Processing, Feed Emissions
 Computerized Solvent  Survey
 Computerized Solvent  Survey
 Heat, Steam and Power Equipment
 Boiler Design
 Electric Power  Plan
 Stone Quarrying,  Rock Processing,  and Mixing
 Concrete Batching            -  <=»          5

 Grain Operations
 Storage Tank Data
Process,-Weight
Emission Sources
Emission Data

SPECIFIC AREA SOURCE
C-25 to
C-26:   Petroleum Storage and Handling

C-28:   Dry Cleaning
C-29:
C-30:
C-31:
  POLLUTANT-SPECIFIC

  Toxic and Hazardous Materials
  Elements and Compounds Emitted
  Lead Emissions  Inventory
                       C-l

-------
I.  General Information

    A.
            (Sic Number)    (ID  Number)

            (Facility Name)
            (Facility Address)

            (City,  State)     (Zip)
         If any of  the information on the mailing label at left  is  incorrect,
         please provide  the  correct  information  in  the corresponding blank  to
        • the right.                        ...
    B.  Person  to  contact  about  form	

        Telephone	 Title_
     C.  Are  solvent-containing materials  such  as  cleaning  fluids,  coating,
        adhesives,  ink,  etc.  used  at  your facility?
                           Yes
                           No
        If no, sign this form and return it.
        If yes, sign this form and complete only the sections which apply
        to your facility:

                                                                   Page
                   	.	2, 9  & 10
                                                     	  3,  9  &  10
 II.  Dry Cleaning	•—	

III.  Degreasing	•	•

 IV.  Surface Coating & Applications

      A.  Fabric and Rubberized	••	4, 9 & 10

      B.  Protective or Decorative other than IV-A	•	4, 9 & 10

      C.  Printing	—	6,9 & 10

      D.  Miscellaneous Surface Coatings
          (Adhesives, Paper, Leather, Films, Glass, etc.)	 7, 9 & 10
V.  Manufacturing Industries-
                                                                  8, 9 & 10
 Signature_
                                                 Date
                                     C-2

-------
 A.   The manager of the facility,  on location at the plant site:
     Name:
     Title:
     Name of Company:
     Business street address/P.  0..  Box:
     City or town,  parish,  Zip code:
     Business area  code/telephone No.
 B.  Person  to  contact at  the  site of  the  facility about air pollution  control,
    if different  from the above:
    Name:
    Title:                                             ,
    Business telephone No./extension:  '   	
 C.  If the  company's air  pollution control correspondence and documents are
    prepared at a headquarters office, at a different site, give the informa-
    tion on the person to be  contacted below:
    Name:
    Title:   "     '."• '              '    ,,.
    Name of company; or parent company:
    Business street address/P.0. Box:
    City, state, Zip code:
    Business area code; telephone No:  .'
D.  Person who prepared this report:  (If one of the above, just check appro-
    priate"block:                       '    '  '
    Name:    '
    Title:
    Firm: (if prepared by a consultant)
    Company:(if prepared in-house)
    Street  address/P.O. Box:
    City, state, Zip code:
    Area code,  telephone #,  extensionr
                              (signature  of manager,  or  other  company  agent)

                              (printed or typed name  & title of  person above)
                                               (date signed)
                                    C-3

-------




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             PLANT LOCATION FOR AIR POLLUTION DISPERSION MODELING
 Give below the Universal Transverse Mercator zone number and Universal Trans-
 verse Mercator (UTM) coordinates, to the nearest one-tenth kilometer, of your
 facility.  These will be used for wide area dispersion modeling purposes.

The coordinates can be obtained from most U.S.  Geological Survey maps, scale
 1:24,000 or 1:62,000 for your particular area.  These maps,  if not already
 in your possession,  may be found in your local library,  or can be purchased
 from the U.S.  Geological Surgey (USGS)  at the  address shown below.  An index
 of all the maps available for (area),  together with prices and detailed in-
 structions for ordering,  may be obtained free  by addressing a request to:

     U.S.  Geological  Survey,  Distribution Center,  Denver  Federal Center
     Bldg.  41,  Denver,  Colorado 80225                   '      '          '

 If the map has  the Universal Transverse-Hercator  (UTM) coordinates listed,  it
 will have  the  UTM zone number mentioned among  the writing  along the bottom
 or the map.                                  .

 Please note:  Latitude and longitude are not what we need.   The USGS maps do
 not  show UTM grid lines as they  do latitude and longitude; however  tick
 marks  along the edges  of  the maps do indicate  the UTM grid locations   A
 straight edge must be  used to  connect tick marks  at the opposite sides of
 USGS maps when interpolating between UTM tick marks.  The map grid is drawn
 on^the  latitude-longitude system and, therefore,  the UTM grid may  appear
 quite skewed.  For the scales mentioned, tick marks appear for  every 1000
meters  (1 kilometer), with every fifth  tick mark  and the tick marks nearest
 Si ?°7A nnf ^f n°rthwest corners of  the »ap giving the value in meters.
 r*9 Ann'  V        Preferred  t° accurately locate the facility, but the
1:62,000 scale may be used if the 1:24,000 scale map is unavailable for your
3.                                                        -
    For example:  The state capitol building would be:

                  UTM zone No.  (	)    horizontal coordinate:   (

                                        vertical coordinate: (
    Your facility:   UTM zone No.(	)
horizontal coordinate: (_

vertical coordinate: (	
	)Km.E

__)  Km.N

	)  Km.E

__)  Rm.N
                                    C-5  .

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  REFUSE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL                (Not applicable

  A.   Amount of combustible  refuse disposed  of per year:
           (give  the  applicable units)

 B.  Description(s)  of refuse:
     I	I  Paper scrap               Q Rubber scrap

     Q  Wood scraps & sawdust     Q Wet garbage or animal wastes

    . |  1  Other, specify:	_____	
 C.  Method(s) of refuse disposal:
         City pickup

     Ij  Contractor pickup


     l~1  Other, specify:	
CJ  On-site dump        (_J  On-site incineration
    On-site outdoor     ,—,
      burning           I—J  On-site landfill
 D.  If disposal is by contractor pickup, give the name and address of the
     contractor:                 .
 E.   The on-site incinerator, -if any,  has the following design features:
    I	I   N'°  on-site incinerator   [j Afterburners

         Single chamber            P] Primary &
                                  1—' secondary

         Multiple  chamber          Q Burners installed   'l~l  By burnin§
                                                          *——*    a Kr*-i 1 *a-*»

-F.  Incinerator equipment data (if applicable):

    Manufacturer:	 Model.
                               i—i  Water scrubber
                               1—'    installed
                               i—j  Waste material
                               '—'   disposed of
                                    y burning in
                                     a.boiler
    Capacity:	-

    Auxiliary fuel used:
       Type
            JCnstallation date:
       How used	
       Rate of use
                                    C-7

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-------
                                                                             BLUE COPY
FORMhj] SOLVENT SURVEY FOR BULK PRODUCT HANDLING & PROCESSING EQUIPMENT WITH A PERMIT

      1
     l.O. NUMBER
                  COMPANY NAME-
                                                              .COUNTY.
 3T            8  EQUIPMENT ADDRESS-
                                                             .CITY.
Subscript Numbers for Keypunch Us* Only.  Repeat Cols. 1-14 for All Subsequant Cards.  Card No. in Col. 80 i.e. 1, 2, 3 etc.
A
      Please copy the Permit (PE3M.NO.)
                                      and   Application (APPL.NO.)
                                                    IS
                                                               20
      exactly as shown on the address sheet.
 B
                                                     1  1 OR IF

                                                     21
                                                                   THIS EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN
IF THIS EQUIPMENT WAS NOT USED LAST YEAR, CHECK THIS BOX

                       n
REMOVED. CHECK THIS BOX] _ [ AND COMPLETE SECTION  "F" ONLY.

IF THIS EQUIPMENT WAS USED AT LEAST FIVE (5) DAYS IN THE LAST YEAR, COMPLETE FORM
C
USE A SEPARATE SHEET FOR EACH PERMIT.


TOTAL AMOUNT OF LIQUID ORGANIC MATERIAL EMITTED  I—T

FROM THE EQUIPMENT, OR ADDED TO PRODUCT FOR 1975 >^f

                                                                             PLEASE CONVERT
                                                                             ALL VALUES
                                                                             TO L8S/YEAR
      TOTAL AMOUNT OF LIQUID ORGANIC MATERIAL
      SHIPPED AS A PART OF THE PRODUCT.
                                                       JU
                                                                    Jo
 D
IF THE EQUIPMENT WAS VENTED TO ONE OR MORE CONTROL DEVICES, PLEASE ENTER THE PERMIT
NUMBERS BELOW AND THE BTU/HOUR RATINGS IF THE CONTROL DEVICES WERE AFTERBURNERS.
   CONTROL PERMIT NO.  |  |   |
                            37
        CONTROL PERMIT NO.
        CONTROL PERMIT NO.
                                                  FOR AFTERBURNERS
                                                  FOR AFTERBURNERS
                                                                    43
                            48
                                                                    Ji
                                            FOR AFTERBURNERS   £_
                                                                                 ooo
      AVERAGE DAILY HOURS FOR PRODUCT MANUFACTURE IN 1975

      USE 1ST TWO DIGITS ON     M0(g    TUES     W£D    TH(JRS

       24 HOUR CLOCK   CARD 2  21      23      25       27
          BEGINNING TIME:
          ENDING TIME:
     •SEE INSTSUCTION SHEETS
                                  _
                          []   Qj_j

                          D   QD
                                                         . FR|

                                                         29
                                                [Jjj    [j[_J

                                                QD    QD
                             NUMBER OF WEEKS PER YEAR EQUIPMENT WAS OPERATED:
      PERSON SUPPLYING INFORMATION.

      PHONE	
                                                               TITLE
         AFTER COMPLETING THE APPLICABLE SECTIONS,  RETURN THIS SHEET TO THE (AGENCY).

         IF YOU HAVE ANY  QUESTIONS, PLEASE  CONTACT (NAME, PHONE OF AGENCY CONTACT).

         WE THANK YOU  FOR YOUR COOPERATION.
                                         C-12

-------
                                                                                PINK COPY
  FORM U]
       SOLVENT USAGE FOR SOURCES WHICH DO NOT HAVE APCD PERMITS
             COMPLETE ONE FORM FOR EACH PLANT LOCATION
  COPY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER EXACTLY FROM ADDRESS
                                                  LABEL
     I.D. NUMBER
                     COMPANY NAME.
                     EQUIPMENT ADDRESS.
                                                   ___ COUNTY,
                                                   .CITY	
Subscript Numbers for Kaypurtch Use Only.
                     .
               LIST THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ANY AND ALL LIQUID ORGANIC MATERIALS
               USED AT YOUR LOCATION WH.CH .ARE NOT IDENTIFIED WITH
               HAV.NG A  PERM.T TO OPERATE.  DO NOT INCLUDE    ^
SHEET.  ENTER THAT TOTAL BELOW FOR 1975.


                      YEAR"
                                                 PLEASE CONVERT ALL VALUES TO LBS/YEAR
                                                       APPROXIMATE %
                                                       OF TOTAL USED
   USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS IF NECESSARY
  PERSON SUPPLYING INFQRMATinM

  PHONE
       AFTER COMPLETING THE APPLICABLE SECTIONS, RETURN THIS SHEET  TO  THE  (AGENCY)
        E TKYora
       WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION.
                                C-13

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(Code)
Source
Number









































































































CO
t:
•r
CO
CO
•r
Ci
n
4->
o
4J
fi
CI
E
onal pages as necessary
tons/year - attach additi
T3
CO
c
o
•H
4J
*Give chemical compos i
C-24

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                 PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE FACILITIES INVENTORY



                                                 (Not applicable_


  _I_PETROLEUM PRODUCTS STORED AND QUANTITIES
        TANK #
                        TANK CAPACITY

                          (gallons)
               PRODUCT STORED

                    (type)
                         ANNUAL THROUGHPUT

                              (gallons)
_II_ METHOD OF FILLING (check appropriate

     box for each tank above)
      TANK #
                       Does this facility operate any

                       air pollution control equipment

                       such as vapor recovery?  .

                       Yes	  No           ....

                       If yes, please specify the type:
                   a
                   a
                   a
                   a
                   a
a
n
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
^^CLASSIFICATION:   Retail Sales


                     Bulk  Sales
                      Private Storage
                                          Other (specify)
        FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY  (Do not  complete)


      TANK #    .      STORAGE LOSS       LOADING LOSS        FILLING LOSS

                   Factor   Quantity   Factor   Quantity   Factor   Quantity
                                     C-25

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                                                  Check here if no gasoline
                                                  is pumped at this  facility
                               PUMP NUMBERS
Pump Number
Gasoline Type
(e.g., Regular,
No Lead, etc.)
Midnight
2 am
4 am
6 am
8 am
10 am
12 Noon
2 pm
4 pm
6 pm
8 pm
10 pm
Midnight
1














2














3














4














5














6














A.  Storage tanks:  Splash fill_
                      Submerged fill_
B.  Frequency of gasoline deliveries to station.  Every_
                                     days
              Address
       City
Zip Code
Signature (Owner or Lessor)/Date
                                      C-26

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  SIC
                         ID
                                                 (Not applicable
                           DRYCLEANING QUESTIONNAIRE
 Before filling out the questionnaire please read the following instructions:

         Everyone receiving this form should complete Section I (General
         Information) and all other sections pertaining to their firm.

         The information submitted should pertain to the calendar year
         of (year) .                                      	*	

         If the space provided is not adequate, feel free to either
         copy the form or use a separate sheet.

 Your cooperation in filling out this form is greatly appreciated.   It is anti-
 cxpated that some of the data will not be available.   Please supply as much in-
 formation as possible to enable accurate calculations to be made and an accur-
 ate surveyto be conducted.   If you have any questions,  feel free  to contact
 the individual(s) listed on the enclosed cover letter.   A stamped, return en-
 velope has been enclosed for your convenience.

 I•   GENERAL INFORMATION
     1.   Company Name:	

         Plant Address:_
         City:	
_Zip  Code:
        Nearest  Cross  Street:	

        Mailing  Address  (if different  from above):

        City:_	;	   Zip  Code:
                                                          _County:
        Has any of the above information changed since  the  last  inventory?
                Yes	  No

        Person to contact  about form:	
        Telephone:___	  Ti tie:

        How much do you anticipate your growth will increase or  decrease by
        the year 1990?                     .

                Increase         %
                Decrease
         Is this establishment engaged in cleaning clothes, uniforms, or any
         other fabric with any type of solvent?
                Yes
                                  No
         If YES, please sign form and complete the remainder of the questionnaire,
         If NO, please sign form and return only this page.
Signature:_
                                               Date:
                                     C-27

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TECHNICAL DATA


1.  Amount of clothes cleaned per year, if known s  "

2.  Type of operation.


    ||  Transfer      ||  Dry to Dry

3.  What type of business does your operation handle?
                                                                    tons.
    |j  Commercial


    I|  Coin-Op
                         |[  Industrial


                         ||  Other  (Specify)^
4.  Type and amount of solvent cleaner used during the year (year) and sup-
    plier's name and address.
Type of Solvent
Petroleum
(Stoddard, 140 °F)
Perchloroethylene
Freon 113
Other (Specify)
Quantity Purchased
(Gallons Per Year)




Supplier's Name and
Mailing Address




5.
Amount of solvent returned to supplier or 'collector for reprocessing or
disposal, if applicable.  Specify type of solvent if more than one type
is used.

	gallons per year.
                                     £-28

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                            TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
A.  List below any substances used or produced in your facility which could
    cause immediate injury to life or property if they were emitted to the
    atmosphere.  (Chlorine for water treatment, gases used as catalysts, etc.,
    which do not normally escape.)
    None
B.  Does your facility use or produce asbestos, mercury (other than laboratory
    use), or beryllium in any amount whatsoever?
    Yes
No
    If yes, give amount
             Safety precautions taken
                                   C-29

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      1-1  CO
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M
o
CJ
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       3  d  -u  O
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       co  s  oo p.
           O  d
       CU rH  -H  CB
       J3 H  (3
       •U  O  -H  60
          iJ  ca  d
       ca
           CU
          ,C
               (3  1-1
                  3  O
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        CB rH
           a
        rl  6
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        ca  o

        rl  CO
        cu  u
       js  a
        cu  cu
        u
               cu  ca
              •H  M
               ca  co
           0)
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 ca

 oo
 d   •
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 rl  CO
 3  O
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Source Source
Number Number




	 Aldehydes 	
	 Ammonia or Ammonia Compounds

Antimony.


Arsenic.





•
	 Asbestos 	


Barium.





•
	 • • Carbonyls 	







•
	 Chromic Acid 	


Beryllii
Boron. .


T3

f*
0
O
	 Cyanide or Cyanide


Bromine






	 Disulf ides 	


Cadmium




a
&
s






	 Halogenated Hydroc
	 Herbicides 	

Chlorine

Chromium






	 Hydrochloric Acid .







	 Mercaptans 	

Copper. .
Fluorine






	 . Nitric Acid 	

Indium . .





T3
H
0
&
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00
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CO
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Iodine. .






	 Organic Phosphate .

•
•a
eB
0)
i-3

















	 Ozone 	








	 Pesticides 	








	 Phosphoric Acid
Mercury 	
Molybdenum 	
Nickel 	
















	 Polynuclear Orgz
	 Sulf ides 	
Noble Metals ....
Rare Earths 	








a
rH
£
Selenium 	



	 . Volatile Organic Sdlvents
1 0
-L.O • • • • •
Be sure to include emissions data for these sources on Pages ( )
Tellurium 	
Thallium 	
Tin 	
Vanadium 	
Zinc 	
Other Heavy Meta
                                                          C-30

-------
'C-31

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                APPENDIX D
D-2:     Example  Follow-Up  Letter
                  D-l

-------
                        (OFFICIAL STATIONERY HEADING)
Gentlemen:
               POSSIBLE SUSPENSION OF YOUR OPERATING PERMIT(S)
On' or about  (date), a letter was sent to you requesting information concerning
the operation of your dry cleaning equipment.  To assist you in furnishing this
information, a survey form was supplied.  The completed form should have been
returned  to  us within 30 days of receipt of our letter.  As of this date, it
has not been received.

•The  (Statute) authorizes the  (Agency) to request from  the holder  of a permit
any information that will disclose the nature, extent  or quantity of air con-
taminants which are or may be discharged by such source, and to suspend a
permit to operate  if the holder willfully fails or  refuses to provide the in-
formation .

We ask for your cooperation in supplying us with the requested information
within two weeks from the date of this letter.  Should you require additional
survey forms or desire any additional information regarding this  question-
naire, please contact'  (name of agency person)  (telephone).

                                         Very  truly yours,
                                          (Name)
                                          (Title)
                                     D-2

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                  APPENDIX E
         EXAMPLE REFERENCE MATERIALS
E-2:
E-3: ,
E-4:
 Sample  forms  for input  into  the
 National  Emissions  Data System
 (NEDS)  for  a  Point  Source

 Sample  forms  for  input  into  the
 National  Emissions  Data  System
 (NEDS)  for  an Area  Source

 Sample of emission  factor tables in AP-42,
 "Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emissions Factors"
                   E-l

-------
i
g
     II
     .
     • S
     Sf
m
>•
M
«CO
  !i
•s

uoiptf

NMO
75
Wl
£
I
g
cn
r-
CO
To"
jii
pt
f^
CM
"o"
•5T
to
-
a.
<
-



— 1
CO I
10 1
r*
10
"55"
to
£
S
-i


to * *
     nl I
                              E-2

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                Table 6.3-1. EMISSION FACTORS FOR COTTON GINNING
                         OPERATIONS WITHOUT CONTROL"-"
                            EMISSION FACTOR RATING: C
Process
Unloading fan
Seed cotton
cleaning system
Cleaners
and dryersd
Stick and burr
machine
Miscellaneous*
Total
Estimated total
particulate
Ib/bale
5
1
3
3
12
kg/bale
2.27
0.45
1.36
1.36
5.44
Particulates
>100 jim
settled out, %c
0
70
95
50
—
Estimated emission
factor (released
to atmosphere)
Ib/bale
5.0
0.3
0.2
1.5
7.0
kg/bale
2.2J
0.14
0.09
0.68
3.2
       aReferenca 1.
       bOne bale weighs 500 pounds (226 kilograms).
       °Percentage of the particles that settle out in the plant.
       Corresponds to items 1 and 2 in Table 6.3-2.
       Corresponds to items 4 through 9 in Table 6.3-2.

                   Table 6.3-2. PARTICULATE EMISSION FACTORS
                        FOR COTTON GINS WITH CONTROLS"
                           EMISSION FACTOR RATING:  C
Emission source13
1. Unloading fan
2. No. 1 dryer and cleaner
3. No. 2 dryer and cleaner
4. Trash fan
5. Overflow fan
6. No. 1 lint cleaner condenser
7. No. 2 lint cleaner condenser
8. Mote fan
9. Battery condenser
10. Master trash fan
Total
lb/balec
0.32
0.18
0.10
0.04
0.08
0.81
0.15
0.20
0.19
0.17
2.24
g/kg
0.64
0.36
0.20
0.08
0.16
1.62
0.30
0.40
0.38
0.34
4.48
                                                       Emission factor
127
    i I
^References 2.6-9.
 Numbers correspond to those in Figure 6.3-2.
CA bale of cotton weighs 500 pounds (227 Kilograms).

           Food and Agricultural Industry

                       E-4
6.3-5

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                     APPENDIX F
F-2 to F-7:   Supplementary References
                        F-l

-------
          The following references describe some of the back-

ground information required for the setting of Standards of

Performance for various industries:
EPA 450/2-74-002A




EPA 450/2-74-009A




EPA 450/2-74-017A




EPA 450/2-74-017B



EPA 450/2-74-018A




EPA 450/2-74-018B




EPA 450/2-74-018C




EPA 450/2-74-019A




EPA 450/2-74-019B
Background Information for New Source Per-
formance Standards:   Primary Copper,  Zinc,
and Lead Smelters.  Vol. 1 - Proposed
Standards.  10/74.

Background Information on National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants,
Proposed Amendments to Standards for As-
bestos and Mercury.   10/74.

Background Information for Standards of
Performance:  Electric Arc Furnaces in the
Steel Industry.  Vol. 1 - Proposed Stand-
ards.  10/74.

Background Information for Standards of
Performance:  Electric Arc Furnaces in the
Steel Industry.

Background Information for Standards of
Performance:  Electric Submerged Arc Fur-
n.aces Producing Ferroalloys.  Vol. 1:
Proposed  Standards.  10/74.

Background Information for Standards of
'Performance:  Electric Submerged Arc Fur-
naces for Production of Ferroalloys.  Vol.
2:  Test  Data Summary.  10/74.

Background Information for Standards of
Performance  - Electric Submerged Arc Fur-
naces for Production of Ferroalloys.  Vol.
3  - Supplemental  Information.  4/75.

Background Information for Standards of
Performance:  Phosphate Fertilizer In-
dustrv.   Vol. 1 - Proposed Standards.
10/74^.

Background Information  for Standards of
Performance:  Phosphate Fertilizer In-
dustry.   Vol. 2:  Summary  of  Test Data.
10/74.
                               F-2

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  EPA 450/2-74-020A
                       Background  Information  for  Standards  of
                       Performance:   Primary Aluminum Plants
                       vol.  1  - Proposed  Standards.   10/74.

                       Background  Information  for  Standards of
                       Performance:   Primary Aluminum Plants.
                       vol.  2:  Summary of Test Data.  10/74.

                       Background Information  for  Standards of
                       Performance:  Primary Aluminum Industry.
                       Vol.  3 - Supplemental Information.  1/76.

                      Background information for Standards of
                      Performance:  Coal Preparation Plants.
                      vol. l:   Proposed Standards.  10/74.

                      Background Information for Standards of
                      Performance:  Coal Preparation Plants.
                      vol. 2. - Summary of Test Data.  10/74.

                      Background Information for Standards of
                      Performance:   Coal  Preparation Plants
                      Vol. 3 - Supplemental  Information.   1/76.

                      Background Information on  Hydrocarbon
                      Emissions from Marine Terminal Operations :
                      Vol.  I - Discussion.  Radian Corp.  1976.

                      Background Information on Hydrocarbon
                      vSt3™0?? fromMa^ne Termi*al Operations:
                      1976^    " APPendices-  Radian Corp.


                      State  Implementation Plan Emission Regula-
                      tions  for Sulfur Oxides  - Fuel  CombusEion.


          State Support and Environmental Impact Statements for
various industries are described in the following references.
  EPA 450/2-74-020B
 EPA 450/2-74-020C
 EPA 450/2-74-021A
 EPA 450/2-74-021B
 EPA 450/2-74-021C
 EPA 450/3-76-038A
 EPA 450/3-76-038B
EPA 450/2-76-002
EPA 450/2-75-009
EPA 450/2-75-009B
                     Standard Support and Environmental Impact

                               ~          Standard for
                     Standard Support and Environmental  Impact
                     StSd^SH   £"*?  2 Promulgated Emission
                     Standard for Vinyl  Chloride.   1976.

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EPA 450/2-76-014A



EPA 450/2-76-016A




EPA 450/2-76-030A




EPA 450/2-77-001A




EPA 450/2-77-005



EPA 450/2-77-007A




EPA 450/2-77-017A
Standard Support and Environmental Impact
Statement:  Vol. 1 Proposed Standards of
Performance for Kraft Pulp Mills.  1976.

Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement:  Vol. 1 Proposed Standards of
Performance for Petroleum Refinery Sulfur
Recovery Plants.  1976.

Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement:  Vol. 1 - Proposed Standard of
Performance for Lignite-Fired Steam Gen-
erators.  EPA:  OAQPS 1976.

Standards Support 'and Environmental Impact
Statement:  Vol. 1 - Proposed Standards of
Performance for the Grain Elevator Indus-
try.  EPA:  OAQPS 1977.

Control of Fluoride Emissions from Existing
Phosphate Fertilizer Plants:  Final Guide-
line Document.  EPA  OAQPS 19,77.

Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement:  Vol. 1 - Proposed Standards of
Performance for Lime Manufacturing Plants.
EPA:  OAQPS 1977.

Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement:  Vol. 1 - Proposed Standards of
Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines.
EPA:  OAQPS 1977.
          Various  control methods,  their efficiencies, costs, and
emissions resulting  from them',  are  discussed  in the  following
references.
EPA 450/2-76-028
EPA 450/2-77-022
EPA 450/2-77-025
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from
Existing Stationary Sources:  Vol. 1 -
Control Methods for Furnace Coating Opera-
tion.  1976.

Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from
Solvent Metal Cleaning.  OAQPS No. 1.2-079.
November 1977.

Control of Refinery Vacuum Producing Sys-'
terns, Wastewater Separators, and Process
Unit Turnarounds.  OAQPS No. 1.2-081.
October 1977.
                               F-4'

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  EPA 450/2-77-026



  EPA 450/2-76-028




  EPA 450/2-77-008
  Control of Hydrocarbons from Tank Truck
  ?af°no^e Loadin§ Terminals.   OAQPS No.
  1.2-082.  October 1977.
 EPA 450/2-77-032




 EPA 450/2-77-033




 EPA 450/2-77-034




 EPA 450/2-77-035



 EPA 450/2-77-036



EPA 450/3-73-003A



EPA'450/3-73-003B



EPA 450/3-73-004A
          °L V°latile Organic Emissions from
         g Stationary Sources Volume I:  Gon-
  PB°27?^Q? 8"n°r S?^f ace-Coating Operations
  rJ3  275  292.   December 1977.

  Control Volatile Organic  Emissions from
  £xis ting Stationary Sources  Volume II-
  Surface Coating  of  Cans,  Coils,  Paper'

       C    A
 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from
 existing Stationary Sources Volume III-
 Surface Coating of Metal Furniture.  OAQPS
 No. 1.2-086.  December 1977.

 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from
 existing Stationary Sources Volume IV-
 Surface Coating for Insulation of Magnet
 Wire.   OAQPS No.  1.2-087.  December 1977.

 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from
          Stationary Sources Volume V-  Sur-
 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from.
 tfulk Gasoline Plants.   OAQPS No.  1 2-085
 December 1977.           -          *

 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from
 Storage of Petroleum Liquids in Fixed-Roof
 Tanks.   OAQPS No.  1.2-089.   December  1977

 Emissions  Control  in the Grain and. Feed In-
 12/7?7' M°J'  l-  *nSineer±ng and  Cost  Stuoy
 12/73.  Midwest Research Inst. 1973.

Emissions  Control  in the Grain and Feed In-
q??/ 7-M-I01- 2-   Emission  Inventory.
y/74.  Midwest Research Inst.  1974.

Air Pollution Control in the Primary Alu-
minum Industry.  Vol. 1 of 2  (Sections 1
through 10).  7/73.  Singmaster anHreyer .
                               F-5

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EPA/450-3-73-004B



EPA 450/3-74-002



EPA 450/3-74-015



EPA 450/3-74-036A



EPA 450/3-74-036B



EPA 450/3-74-060



EPA 450/3-74-063


EPA 450/3-75-046A




EPA 450/3-75-046B



EPA 450/3-75-047




EPA 450/3-76-005


EPA 450/3-76-013


EPA 450/3-76-036
Air Pollution Control in the Primary Alu-
minum Industry.  Volume 2 of 2 (appendices).
7/73.

Evaluation of the Controllability of Power
Plants Having a Significant Impact on Air
Quality Standards.  2/74.

Factors Affecting Ability to Retrofit Flue
Gas Desulfurization Systems.  12/73,  Radian
Corp.  1973-

Investigation of Fugitive Dust:  Vol. I -
Sources, Emissions, and Control.  PEDCo
Env. Specialists.  1974.

Investigation of Fugitive Dust:  Vol. II -
Control Strategy and Regulatory Approach.
PEDCo Env. Specialists.  1974.

Air Pollution Control Technology and Costs -
Seven Selected Emission Factors.  12/74.
Indust. Gas Cleaning Inst.  1974.

Particulate Emission Control  Systems for
Oil-Fired Boilers.  12/74.  Geomet.  1975.

A  Study of Vapor Control Methods for Gaso-
line Marketing Operations.  Vol. 1  - In-
dustry Survey and  Control Techniques.  4/75.
Radian Corp.  1975.

A  Study -of Vapor Control Methods for Gaso-
line Marketing Operations.  Vol. 2  - Appen-
dix.  4/75.  Radian Corp.   1975.

Comparison of Flue.Gas Desulfurization Coal
Liquefaction and Coal Gasification  for Use
at Coal-Fired Power Plants.   Kellogg MS  Co.
1975.

Control of Particulate Matter from  Oil
Burners" and Boilers.  Aerotherm Corp.  1976.

Cost  of Retrofitting Coke Oven Particulate
Controls.  Vulcan  Cincinnati.   1974.

Evaluation of Methods  for Measuring and
Controlling Hydrocarbon  Emissions  from
Petroleum Storage  Tanks.  Battelle  Memor-
ial Inst.   1976.
                               F-6

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 EPA 450/3-76-042



 EPA 450/3-77-010



 EPA 450/3-77-026



 EPA 450/3-77-046


 (Unpublished)




 EPA 450/2-77-037


 EPA 450/2-73-002



 EPA 450/2-74-008


EPA 450/2-76-012


EPA 450/2-77-019




EPA 340/1-78-004
 Economic Impact of Stage II Vapor Recovery
 Regulations:  Working Memoranda.  Little
 Ad.  1976.

 Technical Guidance for Control of Indus-
 trial Process Fugitive Particulate Emis-
 sions.  PEDCo Env. Specialists.  1977,.

 Atmospheric Emissions from Offshore Oil
 and Gas Development and Production.  Energy
 Resources Co.  1977.                  m«=igy

 Screening Study to Determine Need for SOV
 and Hydrocarbon NSPS  for FCC Regenerator*.

.Design Criteria for State I 'Vapor Control
 Sn^!o;c,GaSToline Ser^ice Stations.  EPA:
 ESED/OAQPS,  November  1975.


 Control  of Volatile Organic Compounds  from
 Use  of Cutback Asphalt    December 1977

A_ Technique  for Calculating Overall Effi-
 ciencies of  Particulate Control Devices.
o/ / J .                              ,
 tudTr-
Study of the Ferroalloy Industry
                                       Cost
                                   5/74.
Final-Guideline Document:  Control of Sul-
furic Acid Mist Emissions from Existing
S^lfunc Acid Production Units.  —  §
      1977.
                                 EPA:
Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission
R^r-«s and .^Dulicable Limitations for
Eiphty Processes.  RTP ?TC April 1978
                             F-7

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-450/3-78-122
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Development of Questionnaires for Various
Emission Inventory Uses
7. AUTHORtS)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
8500 Shoal Creek Blvd.
Austin, Texas 78766
19 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
June , 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
2AA635
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2608
Task No. 51
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
IB. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Project Officer: Audrey McBath
 16. ABSTRACT

      This report is for use as a guide to agencies  interested  in  developing  emission
 inventory questionnaires.  It addresses both the  physical  and  psychological  con-
 straints on questionnaire design.

      The report discusses general considerations  for maximizing the  success  of  a
 questionnaire; the factors that vary the rate  of  return  and  the accuracy  of  responses;
 design considerations for optimizing the conversion of questionnaire responses  to
 computer input; and design considerations for  the cover  letter, instructions, general
 information section, and question section as individual  elements  of  a questionnaire.
 The appendices include samples of several types of  questionnaires.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
8. DESCRIPTORS
Questionnaires
Emission Inventory Development
Point Source
Area Source
Survey
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
c. COSATI Field/Group

21. NO. OF PAGES
116
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------