-------
\
o
CO
a>
'ci.
s
CO
0)
4-3
-------
to determine the presence or absence of dioxin/furan and dioxin/furan
precursors in the combustion air.
Four types of process samples were taken during the MM5 test periods:
sewage sludge, fuel oil, bottom ash, and scrubber blowdown. The sewage sludge
and fuel oil samples were taken to characterize dioxin/furan and dioxin/furan
precusor contents of the materials fed to the incinerator. These samples were
taken hourly and individual composite samples were prepared for each test run.
The bottom ash and scrubber blowdown samples were taken to investigate the
potential for using these materials as indicators of the presence of
dioxin/furan in the flue gases from sewage sludge incinerators. These samples
were taken hourly and individual composite samples were prepared for each test
run.
Soil samples were collected into a single composite, which was
transferred to Tier 7 of the National Dioxin Study for potential dioxin/furan
analysis.
4.2 PROCESS DATA COLLECTION
Process data were collected to characterize the operation of the multiple
hearth incinerator and wet scrubber system during the MM5 test periods.
Incinerator process data obtained include hourly average sludge feed rates,
continuous strip chart recordings of individual hearth temepratures, hourly
furnace draft measurements, average auxiliary fuel oil and fuel gas firing
rates, daily average sludge moisture content, and daily average sludge
volatiles content. These data were used in conjunction with the CEM data to
evaluate and compare combustion conditions during the three MM5 test periods.
Scrubber system process data obtained include scrubber water flow rates,
venturi and impingement tray section pressure drops, and scrubber system
outlet temperature. These data were used to characterize the consistency of
the scrubber system operation during the three MM5 test periods.
4.3 LABORATORY ANALYSES
Two types of laboratory analyses were performed on samples from
Site SSI-A: (1) dioxin/furan analyses and (2) dioxin/furan precursor
analyses. Samples analyzed for dioxin/furan are discussed in Section 4.3.1,
and samples analyzed for dioxin precursors are discussed in Section 4.3.2.
4-4
-------
4.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
All dioxin/furan analyses for Site SSI-A samples were performed by
EMSL-RTP and ECL-Bay St. Louis laboratories, two of the three EPA laboratories
known collectively as Troika. .,.,..,.. .,,,»„
Dioxin/furan analyses were performed by high resolution gas chromato-
graphy/mass spectroscopy. The 2378-TCDD isomer and the tetra- through oct'a- '
chlorinated homologues were quantified. The 2378-TCDF isomer was not
quantified at this test site.
4.3.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analyses
Dioxin/furan precursor analyses of sludge feed samples were performed by
Radian. The specific dioxin/furan precursors analyzed for included
chlorophenols, chlorobehzenes, and PCB's. Total chlorine analyses were
performed by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) on sludge feed and fuel oil
samples.
4-5
-------
-------
5.0 TEST RESULTS
The results of the Tier 4 dioxin/furan emissions test of incinerator
SSI-A are presented in this section. -It should be noted that the individual
test runs are designated as Runs 9-11. Eight tests (Runs 1-8) were performed
on incinerator SSI-A for another EPA program prior to the Tier 4 tests. The
original field numbering of the test runs was retained.
Process data obtained during the test runs are presented in Section 5.1,
and results of the continuous monitoring of 02, CO, C02, NOX, S02, and THC are
presented in Section 5.2. Flue gas parameter data are presented in
Section 5.3. The dioxin/furan emissions data are contained in Section 5.4.
Results of all other analyses are presented in Sections 5.5 through 5.7.
5.1 PROCESS DATA
Process data were obtained to document incinerator and scrubber operation
during the test runs. The incinerator data are summarized in Section 5.1.1.,
and the scrubber data are summarized in Section 5.1.2.
5.1.1 Incinerator Operating Data
Operating data for multiple hearth sewage sludge incincerator SSI-A
during the three MM5 test runs are shown in Table 5-1. The data show that, in
general, the incinerator was operated similarly during the runs. MM5 sampling
was performed continuously during Runs 09 and 10 except during sample port
changes. Sampling during Run 11 was interrupted by a process upset period
that lasted for approximately one hour. During the process upset, incinerator
exhaust gas was observed coming out of the emergency scrubber bypass stack on
top of the incinerator. Sampling was interrupted until this condition ended.
There were no indications in the control room of unusual incinerator or
scrubber operating conditions other than a lower than normal temperature on
Hearth 4.
The mean wet sludge feed rate to the incinerator during the tests was
approximately 1,900 kg/hr (4,200 Ib/hr), with a maximum deviation from the
mean of about 5 percent for any run. The dry sludge feed rate variability was
5-1
-------
TABLE 5-1. MEAN INCINERATOR OPERATING PARAMETERS .
DURING DIOXIN/FURAM TESTS AT SITE SSI-A1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Parameter
Wet Sludge Feed Rate (lb/hr)b
Dry Sludge Feed Rate (lb/hr)b
Percent Solids of Wet Sludge (wt%)
Percent Volatiles of Dry Sludge
Percent 02 at Breeching (dry, vol%)
Fuel Gas Fired (103 cu ft/hr)c
Fuel Oil Fired (gal/hr)d
Run 09
4,050
774
19.1
68
12 ..1
2,,4
9,,3
Run 10
4,360
950
21.8
68
11.9
3.4
21.3
Run 11
4,043
906
22.4
72
11.7
1.8
9.1
Average
4,151
877
21.1
69
11.9
2.5
13:. 2
aData shown in units used by the host plant.
bTo convert from Ib/hr to kg/hr, multiply value in Ib/hr by 0.454.
cTo convert from cu ft/hr to cu meter/hr, multiply value in cu ft/hr by 0.0283.
5-2
-------
slightly higher (+ 12 percent between runs), because of the gradual increase
in sludge solids content from 19.1 weight percent to 22.4 weight percent
during the tests. According to plant personnel, the sludge solids content
increased because the ratio of primary sludge to secondary sludge received by
the solids handling department was somewhat h-igherat-the end of-the- test than
it was at the beginning. Primary sludge dewaters more readily than secondary
sludge and therefore tends to have a higher solids content.
The sludge feed rates during the tests were about 30 percent lower than
usual for this incinerator. A shortage of sludge at the plant made it
necessary to reduce the sludge feed rate so that enough sludge would be
available to complete the tests on schedule. The feed rate during the test
periods was the maximum possible rate under this constraint. After each test,
the feed rate to the incinerator was first reduced and then stopped to
conserve sludge. Hearth temperatures were maintained overnight by firing fuel
gas and No. 2 oil. Sludge feed to the incinerator was resumed at least 3 to 4
hours prior to the beginning of each test run. This is not expected to have
significantly affected the dioxin emission results since the target
temperature of the main combustion hearth (Hearth 3) and the overall excess
air conditions were typical of normal conditions for this incinerator.
Mean temperatures for each of the incinerator hearths during the MM5 runs
are shown in Table 5-2. Figures 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3 show the continuous strip
chart recordings of these temperatures. The identification code for the
individual curves is listed in Table 5-3. The data indicate that there were
definite between-run differences in the vertical temperature profile inside
the incinerator.
The main sludge burn hearth during all three test runs was Hearth 3, as
evidenced by the highest overall mean temperature (780°C or 1,400°F) and by
visual observation of the flame pattern through observation ports. The mean
temperature of Hearth 3 varied no more than 5 percent between any two runs,
indicating that the main sludge burn zone was operated similarly during the
three test runs. Figures 5-1 through 5-3 indicates that within-run variations
in Hearth 3 temperatures were also small.
The most signficant operating differences observed during the test runs
were the temperature histories of Hearth 4, which is the hearth below the main
5-3
-------
TABLE 5-2. MEAN HEARTH TEMPERATURES DURING
DIOXIN/FURAN TESTS AT SITE SSI-A'
a,b
Hearth
Number
1
2
3d
4
5
6
Run 09
714
1,184
1,406
979
359
115
n..- IA
i\uii xw
5w f. •
778
1,153
1,470
1,423
627
118
Run 11
790
1,141
1,437
1,058
480
148
Average
761
1,159
1,438
1,153
489
127
aData shown in units used by host plant (°F). To convert from °F to
°C, use the formula °C = (°F -32)/1.8.
Strip chart data recording continuous hearth temperatures are
contained in Figure 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3.
cHearths are designated according to plant nomenclature. Hearth No. 1
•is the top hearth, hearth No. 6 is the bottom hearth. Other hearths
are numbered sequentially from top to bottom.
The majority of sludge combustion occurred on Hearth 3 during each of
the test runs.
5-4
-------
« O
OOOOOOOOO M
End of Run
19:34
«
K« *•
we
NO
Beginning of Run
15:00
OOOOOOOOO •>
Time
Figure 5-1. Hearth Temperature Histories, Run 09.
5-5
-------
3 ••»
L>
8
End of Run
18:14 .
tt*
NO
O
oebooBoe* •«
Beginning of "N~
Run 13:35
--|«0 £f|
»»-« J-
_ _ «J« O
oobeooooo •«
Time
Figure 5-2. Hearth Temperature Histories, Run 10.
5-6
-------
._.. t : " -_i~: J
^ -*"• Pf^-t"':."":"—^
O
r°
-"
- e
oocaooeee —
2 End of. Run
k.h.k.li.lkk.kklb O
910»»«00» f»
(^^-«-v)P4O^» ?.
16:03
Beginning of
Run 10:30
ooooooooo •>
Time
Figure 5-3. Hearth Temperature Histories, Run 11,
5-7
-------
TABLE 5-3. TEMPERATURE CODE FOR FIGURES 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3*
Code
Number
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Temperature
Outlet Gas Temperature from Incinerator
(Hearth 1)
Hearth 2 Temperature
Hearth 3 Temperature
Hearth 4 Temperature
Hearth 5 Temperature
Hearth 6 Temperature
Shaft Cooling Air Outlet Temperature
Venturi Scrubber Inlet Temperature
ID Fan Inlet Temperature
The temperature scales of Figures; 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3
are indicated by the instantaneous values printed
every 4 hours at the bottom of the strip charts.
5-8
-------
sludge burn zone. The mean temperature of Hearth 4 varied as much as 30
percent between runs, ranging from 525°C (980°F) in Run 09 to 770°C (1,420°F)
in Run 10. The most significant within-run variability for any parameter was
also exhibited by the Hearth 4 temperature. In Run 11 (Figure 5-3) the
temperature of Hearth 4 varied from approximately 700°C (1290°F}-to 390°C
(730°F) during the 7 hour period that MM5 sampling was performed. Plant
personnel indicated that the sludge burn zone during Run 11 was tending to
move up onto Hearth 2, thereby cooling off the lower hearths of the
incinerator. Attempts were made to maintain the temperature of Hearth 4 at a
more consistent level, but the operators were unsuccessful in doing so.
Plant personnel indicated that although significant changes in the temperature
of Hearth 4 occurred during Run 11, this was not considered extremely unusual.
The run was accepted as a valid sampling run.
In summary, the incinerator was operated similarly during the three MM5
runs in terms of sludge feed rate, sludge characteristics and primary
sludge burn temperature. Some between-run differences were observed in the
individual hearth temperatures below the primary sludge burn zone,
particularly for Hearth 4. Run 11 showed the greatest within-run variability
of hearth temperature.
5.1.2 Scrubber Operating Data
Mean scrubber system operating data during the MM5 test runs are
summarized in Table 5-4. The pressure drop data across the venturi scrubber
and the impingement tray scrubber showed that the scrubber system was operated
steadily during the tests. The mean pressure drops across the venturi and
impingement tray scrubbers were 4.6 kPa (18.5 inches H20) and 1.3 kPa
(5.3 inches HgO), respectively. Scrubber water flows were estimated by plant
personnel based on previous measurements. Valve settings on the scrubber
water flow were not adjusted during the tests. The total estimated scrubber
water flow of 3.1 cu meter/min (807 gpm) was distributed as follows:
pre-cooler, 0.1 cu meter/min (33 gpm); venturi scrubber, 0.9 cu meter/min
(247 gpm); impingement tray scrubber, 0.1 cu meter/min (27 gpm); and
impingement tray scrubber trays, 1.9 cu meter/min (500 gpm). The calculated
liquid-to-gas ratio was 0.032 cu meter/dscm (0.24 gal/dscf). The mean
scrubber outlet temperature was 26°C (79°F) for all three runs.
5-9
-------
TABLE 5-4. MEAN SCRUBBER OPERATING PARAMETERS DURING
DIOXIN/FURAN TESTS AT SITE SSI-Aa
1.
2.
3.
4.
Parameter
Venturi A?
ImpingerA?
Scrubber System
Water Flow (gpm)
Scrubber Exhaust d
Gas Temperature ( F)
Run 09
19.0
5.5
807
79
Run 10
17.1
5.5
807
79
Run 11
19.3
4.8
807
79
Average
18.5
5.3
807
79
aData shown in units used by host plant.
bTo convert from in H20 to kPa, multiply value in in H20 by 0.249.
cTo convert from gpm to cu meter/min, mutiply value in gpm by 0.00379.
dTo convert from °F to °C, use the formula °C - (°F - 32J/1.8.
5-10
-------
5.2 CONTINUOUS MONITORING DATA
t
Mean values of the continuously monitored combustion gases (02, CO, C02,
S02, NOX, THC) are shown for each run in Table 5-5. The data show that most
of the runs have similar mean concentration values for individual gases. The
overall mean values for the three test runs are as follows: oxygen, 11.9
percent by volume (dry); carbon monoxide, 1190 ppmv (dry); carbon dioxide,
14.0 percent by volume (dry); sulfur oxides, 525 ppmv (dry); nitrogen oxides,
162 ppmv (dry); and total hydrocarbons, 73 ppmv as propane (wet). The only
combustion gas with a mean value that varied signficiantly between runs was
THC. The measured THC concentration for Run 09 (133 ppmv) was approximately
three times higher than that for Run 10 (44pmv) or Run 11 (41 ppmv). No
explanation for this difference is apparent from the process data.
Five-minute average values for the continuously monitored combustion
gases are tabulated in Appendix A-2 and are shown graphically as functions of
time in Figure 5-4 through 5-9. These graphs show that although the mean
concentration values of the monitored combustion gases were similar for the
three runs, the instantaneous behavior of these concentrations varied. In
particular, the process problems during Run 11 that were discussed in Section
5.1 are reflected in the varying oxygen concentration profile in Figure 5-4.
However, these process conditions did not seem to have a signficant impact on
either the carbon monoxide or total hydrocarbon profiles for Run 11.
Reductions in the flue gas oxygen content that occurred in Run 09 and Run 10
corresponded with noticeable short term increases in carbon monoxide and/or
total hydrocarbon formation.
5.3 FLUE GAS PARAMETER DATA
This-section summarizes flue gas parameter data measured at the
incinerator outlet and the scrubber outlet exhaust stack. The flue gas
parameters measured included temperature, moisture content, volumetric flow
rate, and oxygen concentration. Values for the two sampling locations are
considerably different due to (1) the gas cooling/moisture condensation
associated with the wet scrubber and (2) the dilution associated with the
shaft cooling air stream.
5-11
-------
TABLE 5-5. MEAN VALUES OF CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED COMBUSTION
GASES DURING DIOXIN/FURAN TESTS AT SITE SSI-A.
Parameter3
02 (% vol)
CO (ppmv)
C02 (% vol)
S02 (ppmv)
NOX (ppmv)
THC (ppmv)b
Run 09
12.1
1403
12.4
496
109
133
Run 10
11.9
1047
13.7
482
202
44
Run 11
11.7
1120
15.8
597
175
41
Overal 1
Mean
11.9
1190
14.0
525
162
73
aAll concentration values expressed on a dry volume basis for total
hydrocarbons (THC), which is expressed on a wet volume basis.
bTotal hydrocarbon data are expressed in units of ppmv (wet) as
propane.
5-12
-------
SITE 01 - TEST
OXYGEN PROFILE
TEST TIME (HOURS)
20 •
SITE 01 - TEST 10
0*YGEN PROFILE
18 •
16 •
IS •
TEST TIME (HOURS)
SITE 01 - TEST
O»Yi3EN PROFILE
1 1
TEST TIME (HOURS)
5-13
-------
3-
2.8 •
2 6 •
2,4 •
2.2 •
SITE 01 - TEST 9
CARBON MONOXIDE PROFILE
18-
1.6 •
1.4. •
1.2 •
1 •
08 •
0.6 •
0.4. •
0.2 •
0 •
W^ans^^
-i r—
2
TEST TIME (HOURS)
SITE 01 - TEST 10
CARBON MONOXIDE PROFILE
—rr
123
TEST TIME (HOURS)
Is
5§
SITE 01 - TEST 1 1
CARBON MONOXIDE PROFILE
2 *
TEST TIME (HOURS)
5-14
-------
SITE 01 - TEST 9
TOT4L HfOROCARBON PWORLE
CONCENTRATION (PPMVj
v - „ . .,,„.._..-,. • - -,- -- ' ^'t- - - •"'
A ft, a-,tJT ,fl
1 W* « VWM/^fPp,
*r 1 •
? SOO
g 500
§ 4.00
I 30°
200
100
0
TEST TIME CHOUHS)
SITE O1 - TEST 10
TOTAL HfOROCARaON PROFILE
TEST TIME (HOUHS)
SITE O1 - TEST 1 1
TOTAL HYDROCARBON PROFILE
2 4.
TEST TIME (HOUMS)
5-15
-------
300
400
=• 300
ZOO
100
SITE 01 - TEST 09
OXIDES OF NITROGEN PHOFILE
TEST TMC (HOUWi)
500
SITE 01 - TEST 1O
OXIDES OF NITROGEN PROFILE
400
300
200
too
i i
2
TEST TIME (HOURS)
900
SITE 01 - TEST I 1
OXIDES OF NITROGEN PROFILE
4.00
300
200
100
1 1 1 1 1 1—
1.9 2.9 3.9 *.9
TEST TIME (HOURS)
9.9
5-16
-------
900
BOO
700
600
SITE 0 I - TEST 9
SULFUR DIOXIDE PROFILE
200
100
900
800
700
600
300
too
300
200
100
900
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
TEST TIME (HOURS)
SITE 01 - TEST 10
SULFUR DIOXIDE PROFILE
TEST TIME (HOURS)
SITE 01 - TEST 1 1
SULFUR DIOXIDE PROFILE
TEST TIME (HOURS)
5-17
-------
SITE 01 - TEST 9
CARBON DIC-MOE PROFILE
TEST TIME (HOURS)
20 -
19 -
ia •
17 •
16 -
IS •
14.-
13 •
15
11 -
10 -
9 •
8 •
7 -
6 •
5-
4. •
3 •
Z •
1 •
0 •
SITE 01 - TEST 10
CARBON DIOXIDE PROFILE
jf^tM
hna"B<
20 -
19-
18 -
17 -
16 -
15 -
14. •
13 1
12 -
11 -
10 -
9 •
8 -
7 -
6 -
5 -
4. •
3 -
2 •
1 •
0 •
TEST TIME (HOURS)
SITE 01 - TEST 1 1
CARSON DIOXIDE PROFILE
TEST TIME (HOURS)
5-18
-------
5.3.1 Incinerator Outlet Flue Gas Parameter Data
Table 5-6 summarizes flue gas temperature, moisture, volumetric flow
rate, and oxygen concentration data obtained at the incinerator outlet
location. These parameters were fairly consistent between test runs. The
average flue gas temperature and moisture content measured at this location
were 424°C (795°F) and 28.9 vol % respectively. The average dry standard
volumetric gas flow rate was 94 dscmm (330 dscfm) and the average actual
volumetric gas flow rate was 307 acmm (10,800 scfm). Flue gas oxygen data
were obtained from the Radian CEM system and using integrated bag samples (EPA
Method 3). The average incinerator outlet flue gas oxygen concentrations
measured by these two techniques were 11.9 vol% and 13.8 vol %, respectively
(dry basis).
5.3.2 Scrubber Outlet Flue Gas Parameter Data
Table 5-7 summarizes flue gas temperature, moisture, volumetric flow
rate, and oxygen concentration data obtained at the scrubber outlet exhaust
stack location. These parameters were fairly consistent between test runs.
The average flue gas temperature and moisture content measured at this
location were 78°C (172°F) and 4.1 vol%, respectively. The average dry
standard volumetric gas flow rate was 237 dscinm (8370 dscfm) and the average
actual volumetric gas flow rate was 292 acmm (10,300 acfm). The average flue
gas oxygen concentration at the scrubber exhaust stack location was 18.1 vol%,
as measured by integrated bag samples (EPA Method 3).
5.4 DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
This section presents the dioxin/furan emissions data developed for
Site SSI-A. Incinerator outlet data are discussed in Section 5.4.1, and
scrubber outlet data are discussed in Section 5.4.2.
5.4.1 Incinerator Outlet Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
Quantitative dioxin/furan concentration data were not obtained by Troika
for the incinerator outlet MM5 samples. The laboratory report indicated that
the sample extracts were yellow in color and that they destroyed the capillary
column resolution. Unacceptable surrogate recovery efficiencies were
obtained. The laboratory report did indicate that tetra- through octa-CDD and
CDF homologues were present in the samples, but the amounts could not be
quantified.
5-19
-------
TABLE 5-6. INCINERATOR OUTLET FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE SSI-A
Flue Gas Parametersa
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (vol %)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Oxygen Content fvol %V
Radian CEM
EPA Method 3
Run 09
397
26.9
306
99.4
12.1
12.2
Run 10
433
27.6
334
101.5
11.9
15.3
Run 11
443
32.3
282
79.5
11.7
14.0
Average
424
28.9
307
93.5
11.9
13.8
aMetric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data.
bTo convert to alternate units: °F - 1.8 x °C + 32
cfm = cmm x 35.3
5-20
-------
TABLE 5-7. SCRUBBER OUTLET FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE SSI-A
Flue Gas Parameters3
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (vol %)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Oxygen Content f vol %}
EPA Method 3
Run 09
72
2.2
285
241
19.7
Run 10
83
1.9
298
244
18.9
Run 11
80
8.2
293
227
16.8
Average
78
4.1 •
,
292
237
18.1
Metric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data.
To convert to alternate units: °F = 1.8 x °C + 32
cfm » cmm x 35.3
5-21
-------
5.4.2 Scrubber nutlet Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
Emission concentrations and emissions rate data measured at the scrubber
outlet are shown in Tables 5-8 and 5-9 for the 2378-TCDD isomer, total PCDD,
and total PCDF species. The data include dioxin and furan collected in the
entire MM5 train, including the filter, XAD sorbent trap, impingers and sample
train clean-up rinses.
Average as-measured emission concentrations of the 2378-TCDD, total PCDD,
and total PCDF species were 0.006 ng/dscm 2378-TCDD, 2.84 ng/dscm total PCDD
and 6.36 ng/dscm total PCDF. When corrected to 3% 0^ using the EPA Method 3
oxygen concentration data, these values correspond to 0.046 ng/dscm @ 3% 02,
19.6 ng/dscm 0 3% 02, and 43.5 ng/dscm @ 3% 0,,, respectively. Average
emission rates for the three species were 0.089 ug/hr 2378-TCDD, 40.5 ug/hr
total PCDD and 90.4 ug/hr total PCDF.
Isomer and homologue-specific emission concentration data are summarized
in Tables 5-10 and 5-11 for the three test runs. Run-specific data tables
showing honiologue emission concentrations in both ng/dscm and parts-per-
trillion units and homologue emission rates in ug/hr units are included in
Appendix D. As shown in Figure 5-10, the tetra-chlorinated homologues were
the largest individual contributors to both total PCDD and total PCDF
emissions.
Emission factors for the various dioxin and furan homologues were
reasonably consistent between test runs. Emission factors based on the dry
sludge feed rate to the incinerator are shown in Table 5-12. Average emission
factors for 2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF were 0.0002 ug 2378-TCDD
emitted per kg dry sludge feed, 0.103 ug total PCDD emitted per kg dry sludge
feed, and 0.230 ug total PCDF emitted per kg dry sludge feed.
5.5 DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSES OF BOTTOM ASH SAMPLES
Table 5-13 shows the run-specific data for the bottom ash samples from
Site SSI-A. The concentrations of all dioxin/furan homologues analyzed for
were below detectable limits in the three runs. Detection limits ranged from
2 parts per trillion (ppt) for 2378-TCDD to 34 ppt for the hexa-chlorinated
dioxin and furan homologues. Scrubber blowdown samples from this test site
were not analyzed.
5-22
-------
TABLE 5-8. OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS CONCENTRATION
DATA FOR SITE SSI-A (OUTLET)
Run Number
Emissions Concentration, ng/dscm
2378-TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
ng/dscm (as measured)
Run 09
Run 10
Run 11
Average
0.005
0.009
0.005
0.006
3.01
2.65
2.88
2.84
6.5.6
5.86
6.66
6.36
na/dscm @ 3% 0-
Run 09
Run 10
Run 11
Average
0.040
0.078
0.01.9
0.046
23.9
22.6
12.2
19.6
52.2
50.0
28.2
43.5
Flue gas concentration data corrected to 3% 02 using the EPA Method 3 data in
Table 5-7.
5-23
-------
TABLE 5-9. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSION RATE DATA FOR SITE SSI-A
(SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
Run Number
2378-TCDD
nioxin/Furan Emission Rate, ua/hr
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Run 09
Run 10
Run 11
Average
0.074
0.133
0.061
0.089
43.5
38.7
39.2
40.5
94.9
85.6
90.6
90.4
5-24
-------
TABLE 5-10.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE SSI-A
(SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION, As-measured Concentrations)
01oxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 09 Run 10 Run 11
Avg.
OIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDO
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDO
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
5.08E-03
1.70E+00
2.12E-02
ND( 4.06E-02)
3.79E-01
9.02E-01
3.01E+00
NR
4.91E+00
1.59E+00
ND( 9.44E-02)
6.21E-02
ND( 5.65E-02)
6.56E+00
9.12E-03
1.62E+00
4.19E-02
1.24E-01
3.03E-01
5.50E-01
2.65E+00
NR
4.46E+00
1.28E+00
ND( 7.30E-02)
7.82E-02
3.65E-02
5.86E+00
4.49E-03
1.38E+00
ND( 3.04E-02)
1.10E-01
4.13E-01
9.78E-01
2.88E+00
NR
4.99E+00
1.51E+00
7.29E-02
8.19E-02
ND( 4.11E-02)
6.66E+00
6.23E-03
1.56E+00
2.10E-02
7.80E-02
3.65E-01
8.10E-01
2.84E+00
NR
4.79E+00
1.46E+00
2.43E-02
7.41E-02
1.22E-02
6.36E+00
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
NR = not reported by Troika.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng =• 1.0E-09g
6000 operating hours per year
5-25
-------
TABLE 5-11.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE SSI-A
(SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION, Concentrations corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm 9 3% oxygen)
Run 09 Run 10 Run 11
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDO
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
4.04E-02
1.35E+01
1.68E-01
N0( 3.23E-01)
3.02E+00
7.18E+00
2.39E+01
•
NR
3.91E+01
1.27E+01
ND( 7.52E-01)
4.95E-01
ND( 4.50E-01)
5.22E+01
7.78E-02
1.38E+01
3.57E-01
1.06E+00
2.59E+00
4.69E+00
2.26E+01
NR
3.80E+01
1.10E+01
ND( 6.23E-01)
6.67E-01
3.11E-01
5.00E+01
1.90E-02
5.83E+00
N[)( 1.29E-01)
4.64E-01
1.75E+00
4.14E+00
1.22E+01
NR
2.11E+01
6.41E+00
3.09E-01
3.47E-01
N0( 1.74E-01)
2.82E+01
4.58E-02
1.11E+01
1.75E-01
5.09E-01
2.45E+00
5.34E+00
1.96E+01
NR
3.28E+01
l.OOE+01
1.03E-01
5.03E-01
1.04E-01
4.35E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NR = not reported by Troika.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng » 1.0E-09g
6000 operating hours per year
5-26
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TABLE 5-12. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS FOR SITE SSI-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)
Run 09 Run 10 Run 11
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.09E-04
7.00E-02
8.71E-04
ND( 1.67E-03)
1.56E-02
3.71E-02
1.24E-01
NR
2.02E-01
6.55E-02
ND(- 3.89E-03)
2.56E-03
ND( 2.33E-03)
2.70E-01
3.09E-04
5.48E-02
1.42E-03
4.22E-03
1.03E-02
1.86E-02
8.97E-02
NR
1.51E-01
4.35E-02
ND( 2.47E-03)
2.65E-03
1.24E-03
1.99E-01
1.49E-04
4.55E-02
ND( 1.01E-03)
3.63E-03
1.37E-02
3.23E-02
9.53E-02
NR
1.65E-01
5.01E-02
2.41E-03
2.71E-03
ND( 1.36E-03)
2.20E-01
2.22E-04
5.68E-02
7.64E-04
2.62E-03
1.32E-02
2.94E-02
1.03E-01
NR
1.73E-01
5.30E-02
8.03E-04
2.64E-03
4.12E-04
2.30E-01
R - not reported by Troika.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ug - 1.0E-06g
6000 operating hours per year
5-27
-------
D10X1N HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
SSl-1
0.9-
0.8-
O.7-
O.6-
O.3-
O.4-
0.3
O.2-
0.1
PCDD = 19.6 ng/dscm at 3%O
^
I
|
^
1
1
te
$
1
2
^X
if 91
2378 TCOD Othar TCOD P«nlo-COO Hwca-COl) H«pta-CDD O«ta-COO
1771 RUN 09
11
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
sa-1
0.9-
0.8-
O.7-
0.6-
0.3-
0.4-
0.3-
0.2-
0.1 -
PCDF - 43.5 ng/dscm at 3% U2
._rm_
y
X
?
/
I
%
%
1
»i
1
X
1
8
1
/g
1
• • 1
/.
y
^
P5T
I
F5!
1
2378 TCOF Oth«r TCOF P«nta-COF H«a-COF
Octa-COF
RUN 09
. HOMOLOGUI3.
RUN 10
RUN 11
Figure 5-10.
Distribution of dioxin and furan homologues
in scrubber outlet emissions.
5-28
-------
TABLE 5-13. DIOXIN/FURAN CONTENTS OF INDIVIDUAL
BOTTOM ASH SAMPLES FROM SITE SSI-A
Isomer/
Homologue
Dioxin/Furan Homoloque Contents foot)
Run 09 - Run 10 • Run 11
Dioxins
2378-TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta ODD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Furans
2378-TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND - not detected. Analytical detection limits ranged from
2 parts per trillion for 2378-TCDD to 34 parts per trillion
for the hexa-CDD/CDF homologues.
NR - not reported by Troika. Speciation of the 2378-TCDF
isomer was not performed for this test site.
5-29
-------
5.6 SLUDGE FEED AND FUEL OIL PRECURSOR ANALYSES
As discussed in Section 6, sludge and fuel oil samples were taken at Site
SSI-A. The average solids content of the sludge was 21.1 weight percent and
the average volatiles content of the solids was 69.3 weight percent. These
samples were analyzed for chlorinated befl-zgpes, chlorinated biphenyls, and
chlorinated phenols. In addition, both the sludge and the fuel oil samples
were analyzed for total chlorine.
Table 5-14 summarizes the results of the compound-specific precursor
analysis of the sludge feed. Dichlorobenzene was the only precursor detected,
and 0.01 ug/g (ppm) was found. None of the chlorinated biphenyls or phenols
were detected. The total chlorine concentration of the sludge was 606 ug/g
(ppm), and the total chlorine concentration of the fuel oil sample was 35 ug/g
(ppm).
5.7 AMBIENT XAD TRAIN DATA
Dioxin/furan analyses were not performed on the ambient air samples taken
at Site SSI-A.
5.8 SOIL SAMPLING DATA
The soil sample was archived pending evaluation of analytical data.
5-30
-------
TABLE 5-14. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN PRECURSOR DATA FOR SITE SSI^A FEED SAMPLES
Precursor Concentrations, ug/g (ppm)
Sludae Feed Samoles
Precursor Categories
Total Chlorinated Benzenes
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls
Total Chlorinated Phenols
Total Chlorine
Run 09
0.01a
ND
ND
620
Run 10
ND
ND
ND
606
Run 11
ND
ND
ND
591
Average
0.003
ND
ND
606
Dichlorobenzene was the only chlorinated precursor detected.
5-31
-------
-------
6.0 SOURCE SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES
This section describes the field sampling and analytical measurements
that were performed for the test program. Specific sampling locations,
sampling methods, and sampling procedures are described.
6.1 GASEOUS SAMPLES
Four types of gaseous samples were taken during the test program:
Modified Method 5 (MM5), Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM), integrated bag
sampling, and combustion air sampling. The sampling locations and methods are
further discussed in this section.
6.1.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations
6.1.1.1 Incinerator Outlet Sampling Location. The incinerator outlet
sampling location is shown as point B on Figure 4-1. This location was used
for dioxin/furan sampling using MM5, continuous monitoring of CO, C02, NO ,
S02, THC and Og, and integrated bag sampling for molecular weight
determination. The continuous monitoring was performed at the incinerator
outlet because it is upstream of the control device and thus the data are more
representative of combustion conditions in the incinerator. There was little
chance for air inleakage prior to the sampling location. The
representativeness of the sampling location at the incinerator outlet for the
Modified Method 5 organic sampling (MM5) is discussed below.
Dimensions of the incinerator outlet sampling location relative to the
nearest flow disturbances are shown in Figure 6-1. The six sample ports were
located in a vertical rectangular duct with a 6" thick layer of refractory on
all sides. The effective inside dimensions of the duct were approximately 33"
x 36". The sampling ports were located 48" above the top of the furnace (-1.5
ED downstream of the furnace) and 16" (-.5 ED) below a 90 degree bend in the
ductwork that leads to the cyclones.3 Three of the sample ports were located
on the east side of the duct, and the other three ports were located on the
south side of the duct. The horizontal spacing of the ports was designed to
yield equal areas of the stack for gaseous and particulate sampling. The MM5
The notation EQ denotes equivalent duct diameters as defined in EPA Method 1.
6-1
-------
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O
en
ea
(S)
ai
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(T3
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c
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3
6-2
-------
sample traverse at the incinerator outlet consisted of three points for each
of the three sampling ports on the east side of the duct for a total of nine
traverse points.
6.1.1.2 Scrubber Outlet Sampling Location. The scrubber outlet sampling
location is shown as point A on Figure 4-1. This location was used for
dioxin/furan sampling using MM5 and for integrated bag sampling. The two
sample ports used for the MM5 traverse were located 90° apart on a round stack
with an inside diameter of 48 inches. Dimensions of the sampling location
relative to the nearest flow disturbances are shown in Figure 6-2. The ports
were located 49 inches above the roof level and 254 inches downstream of the
induced draft fan. The ports were 109 inches (>2 EQ) from the nearest
potential upstream flow disturbance (shaft cooling air inlet) and 61 inches
(>1 ED) from the nearest downstream flow disturbance (stack exhaust to
atmosphere).
6.1.1.3 Combustion Air Sampling Location. Combustion air sampling was
performed adjacent to the incinerator combustion air intake screen. The
selected location was at ground level on the north side of the incinerator
building. The ambient XAD sample train intake was located approximately 1
foot below the louvered screens of the incinerator combustion air intake. The
location was adequate for screening potential dioxin/furan or precursor inputs
into the combustion system from the ambient air.
6.1.2 Gaseous Sampling Procedures
Gaseous sampling procedures used during this program are discussed in
detail in the Tier 4 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). A brief
description of each method and any necessary modifications of the procedures
as outlined in the QAPP are provided in the following sections.
6-1.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5K Gas sampling for dioxins and furans
was conducted according to the August 1984 draft of the ASME chlorinated
organic compound sampling protocol. This sampling method is a modified
version of EPA Method 5 that includes a solid sorbent module for trapping
vapor phase organics. The MM5 sampling train was used to collect samples at
the incinerator outlet location and at the scrubber outlet exhaust stack.
Following sample recovery, the various parts of the sample (filter, solvent
rinses, sorbent trap, etc.) were sent to the EPA's Troika laboratories to
6-3
-------
Q.
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c:
o
ro
O
C7>
CO
«sr
1
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6-4
-------
quantify the 2378-TCDD isomer and the tetra- through octa-dioxin/furan
homologues present in the samples.
Three MM5 test runs were conducted at the incinerator outlet and scrubber
outlet exhaust stack locations, with one test run being conducted per test
day. The three MM5 samples at the scrubber outlet were collected
isokinetically over a 240-minute sampling period with a sample flow rate of
0.87 scfm. The MM5 samples at the incinerator outlet were collected
isokinetically over a 270 minute sampling period with a sample flow rate of
0.55 scfm.
A schematic daigram of the MM5 sampling train is shown in Figure 6-3.
Flue gas is pulled from the stack through a nozzle and heated glass probe.
Particulate matter is removed from the gas stream by means of a fiberglass
filter housed in a teflon-sealed glass filter holder maintained at 120 + 14°C
(248 ±25°F). The gas passes through a sorbent trap similar to that
illustrated in Figure 6-4 for removal of organic constituents. The trap
consists of separate sections for cooling the gas stream, and adsorbing the
organic compounds on Amberlite XAD-2 resin (XAD). The water-cooled condenser
used for the Tier 4 program is horizontal, as opposed to the vertical
condenser specified in the draft ASME protocol. A chilled impinger train is
used to remove water from the flue gas, and a dry gas meter is used to measure
the sample gas flow. The final extraction solvent used in the resin
preparation for this test was hexane. The sample train cleanup solvents used
were water, acetone, and hexane.
6-1-2.2 Ambient Air Sampling Methodology. The ambient air sample was
collected using the procedure outline in the CjAPP for "Combustion Air Dioxin
and Precursor Determination." The ambient air samples were collected on an
XAD resin trap using a sample train similar to that used for MM5.
A schematic diagram of the "ambient XAD" sample train is shown in
Figure 6-5. The train consists of a probe, condenser/sorbent tube, water
knockout trap, silica gel container, transfer line, pump, and dry gas meter.
Ambient air is drawn into the sorbent module, where it is cooled to 68°F or
lower, and the organic constituents are adsorbed by the XAD resin. The gas is
then dried with silica gel and the sample volume is measured by the dry gas
meter. Recovery of the ambient XAD sample train was performed in a manner
6-5
-------
I
E
6-6
-------
E
XA0.J
TRAP'
ana
THERMOCOUPLE
WELL
COAMI WIT-*
arc
MO-J Tr« ant COIMMSW Coll.
Figure 6-4. Adsorbent: Saapling System
6-7
-------
AMBIENT XAD TRAIN
R A C METER BOX
GOOSENECK
INCLINE MANOMETER
DRY GAS METER
NNI COAVSI
O
Figure 6-5. Diagram of Ambient XAD Train.
6-8
-------
similar to that of the MM5 train. The resin tubes were capped with precleaned
foil, and the XAD sorbent traps from the sample trains were sent to the Troika
and Radian, Research Triangle Park (RTF) laboratories for potential
dioxin/furan and precursor analysis, respectively.
6-1-2.3 Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination. The volumetric gas flow
rate was determined using procedures described in EPA Method 2. Based on this
method, the volumetric gas flow rate is determined by measuring the
cross-sectional area of the duct and the average flue gas velocity. The
average flue gas velocity is calculated from the average gas velocity pressure
(A P) across an S-type pitot tube, the average flue gas temperature, wet
molecular weight, and the absolute static pressure.
6.1.2.4 Flue Gas Moisture Determination. The moisture content of the
flue gas was determined using the EPA Method 4. Based on this method, a known
volume of particulate-free gas is pulled through a chilled impinger train.
The quantity of condensed water is determined gravimetrically and then related
to the volume of gas sampled to determine the moisture content.
6.1.2.5 Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination. During testing, the
integrated sampling technique described in EPA Method 3 was used to obtain
integrated flue gas samples for fixed gas (02, C02, CO, N2) analysis. A small
diaphragm pump and a stainless steel probe were used to extract a single-point
flue gas sample which was collected in a Tedlar bag. Moisture was removed
from the gas sample by a water-cooled condenser so that the fixed gas analysis
was on a dry basis.
The composition of the gas sample was determined using a Shimadzu Model
3BT analyzer. This instrument employs a gas chromatograph and a thermal
conductivity detector. Calibration of the Shimadzu analyzer was conducted
according to the procedures outlined in the QAPP, which involved analysis of
one or more standards of appropriate composition immediately before and after
sample analysis.
6.1.2.6 Continuous Monitoring. Continuous monitoring was performed at
the incinerator outlet (scrubber inlet) sampling location for 02, C02, CO,
NOX, S02, and THC. The continuous monitoring was performed throughout the 4
to 5-hour period that MM5 sampling was being conducted each test day. The
6-9
-------
primary objectives of the continuous monitoring effort were to observe
fluctuations in flue gas parameters, and to provide an indication of
incinerator combustion conditions. Sample acquisition was accomplished using
an in-stack filter probe and 24 m (80ft) of heat-traced Teflon sample line
maintained at a temperature of 150°C (300°F). The stack gas sample was drawn
through the filter and heated sample line using pumps located in the mobile
laboratory. Sample gas to be analyzed for CO, C02, 02, NOX, and S02 was then
pumped through a sample gas conditioner, consisting of an ice bath and
knockout trap, to remove moisture. This provided a dry gas stream for
analysis. A separate unconditioned gas stream was supplied to the THC
analyzer for analysis on a wet basis.
An Anarad Model 412 nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer was used to
measure CO and C02; a Beckman Model 755 paramagnetic analyzer was used to
measure 0«; a Teco Model 10 chemiluminescent analyzer was used to measure NOX;
a Teco Model 40 pulsed fluorescence analyzer was used to measure S02; and a
Beckman Model 402 flame ionization analyzer was used to measure THC.
Calibration of the continous monitors was performed according to the
procedures in the QAPP. These procedures included a three point (two upscale
plus zero) linearity check on the first test day, single point and zero point
calibration checks daily, and single point drift checks at the end of each
test day.
6.2 LIQUID SAMPLES
Two types of liquid samples were obtained: scrubber blowdown and fuel
oil. Sampling locations and procedures are discussed below.
6.2.1 Scrubber Blowdown Sampling
The scrubber water system at the host site is a once-through system.
Treatment plant effluent is fed to the scrubber, and the entire blowdown
stream is sent back to the treatment plant with no recycle to the scrubber.
The sampling location for the scrubber blowdown stream was directly below
the scrubber system, prior to mixing with any other wastewater streams. A
sample valve fitted with a rubber hose was used for the sampling. Scrubber
blowdown water was allowed to run through the rubber hose for several minutes
prior to taking the sample.
6-10
-------
A 1-liter composite scrubber blowdown sample was prepared for each test
run. The composite sample was prepared from hourly 500 ml samples taken
throughout the run. The hourly samples were composited in a large clear glass
jar. Because of the low solids loading in the scrubber blowdown, settling of
solids in the samples was not a problem^ The-1-liter hourly sample composite
for each run was sent to Troika for potential dioxin/furan analyses.
6.2.2 Fuel Oil Sampling
No. 2 fuel oil is fired as auxiliary fuel in the incinerator. The
sampling location was in the fuel oil line leading to the burners. A sample
valve fitted with a short metal spout was used for sampling. Approximately
one liter of fuel oil was allowed to bleed through the sample spout prior to
sampling.
Two 1-liter composite fuel oil samples were prepared for each test run.
The composite samples were prepared from hourly 150 ml samples taken
throughout the run. The hourly samples were composited in 1-liter amber glass
jars. One of the composites was sent to Troika for potential dioxin/furan
analysis, and the other composite was sent to Radian/RTP for potential
dioxin/furan precursor analysis. An aliquot of the Radian/RTP sample was
later sent to Research Triangle Institute (RTI) for total chlorine analyses.
6.3 SOLID SAMPLES
Three types of solid samples were obtained: sludge feed, bottom ash, and
soils. Sampling locations and procedures are discussed below.
6.3.1 SIudqe Feed Samplino
Sludge feed samples were obtained directly from the incinerator belt
feeder. Plant personnel routinely sample the sludge on an hourly basis and
analyze the 24-hour sample composites for solids and volatiles content. Plant
personnel were provided with a pre-cleaned metal trowel and asked to take
additional samples for the Tier 4 program at the same time they took samples
for the sol ids/volatiles analyses. Each hourly Tier 4 sample consisted of
approximately 500g (1.1 Ib of sludge). The hourly samples were composited in
a large clear glass jar. At the end of each run, the sludge sample composite
was mixed using a pre-cleaned mixer blade attached to an electric drill.
6-11
-------
Two 1-liter composite sludge samples were developed for each test run.
One of the composites was sent to Troika for potential dioxin/furan analysis,
and the other composite was sent to Radian/RTP for dioxin/furan precursor
analysis.
6.3.2 Incinerator Bottom Ash Sampling _ • r , , ,
Incinerator bottom ash was sampled at the point of discharge from the
screw conveyor that transports the ash from the bottom hearth of the
incinerator. The ash was sampled as it was discharged into a large hopper.
pre-cleaned metal bucket attached to a long handle was used for the sampling.
The bucket was held directly below the spout to capture the falling bottom
ash.
Al-liter composite bottom ash sample was developed for each test run.
The composite samples were prepared from two 250 ml samples taken at the
beginning and end of each run. The composite was sent to Troika for
dioxin/furan analysis. The analytical results for these samples were
presented in Section 5.5.
6.3.3. Soil Sampling
Soil samples were taken from 10 locations; at the host site using a
pre-cleaned bulb planter. One composite sample was prepared from the 10
individual samples. The individual samples were composited in a pre-cleaned
metal bucket.
The sampling locations shown in Figure 6-6 were selected such that all
areas of the plant were represented. Most of the samples were taken on the
east side of the plant near the furnace building and the associated ash
handling area.
The composite soil sample was transferred to Tier 7 of the National
Dioxin Study for potential dioxin/furan analysis.
6-12
-------
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6-13
-------
-------
7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Laboratory procedures used to quantify dioxins/furans and dioxin/furan
precursors in the Tier 4 samples are described in this section. MM5 train
samples were analyzed by EPA's Troika laboratories for-dioxin/furan content.
Procedures used for these analyses are described in detail in the Analytical
Procedures and QA Plan for the Analysis of Tetra through Octa-CDD's and CDF'-s
in Samples from Tier 4 Combustion and Incineration Processes (addendum to
EPA/600/3-85-019, April 1985). These procedures are summarized in
Section 7.1.
Sludge feed samples from Site SSI-A were analyzed by Radian to determine
concentrations of chlorinated phenols (CP), chlorobenzenes (CB), and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Sludge feed and fuel oil samples were
analyzed by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) for total chlorine. Procedures
used for these analyses are detailed in Section 7.2.
7.1 DIOXINS/FURANS
The analytical procedures summarized in this section were used by Troika
for dioxin/furan analysis of MM5 train samples from Site SSI-A. Samples
consisting of organic solvents, aqueous solutions, and solids were prepared
for analysis using slightly different procedures. The organic solvent samples
included rinses from the MM5 probe, nozzle, filter housing and condenser coil.
Aqueous samples consisted of impinger catch solutions, and solid samples
included filters and XAD resin. Isotopically-labeled surrogate compounds were
added to all samples prior to extraction to allow determination of method
efficiency and for quantification purposes.
Organic liquid samples (e.g., acetone and hexane-based MM5 train rinses)
were concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown apparatus. The residue, which
contained particulate matter from the MM5 train probe and nozzle, was combined
with the filter and handled as a solid sample. Solid samples were extracted
with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for a period of at least 16 hours. The
extract was concentrated by nitrogen blowdown and subjected to chromatographic
cleanup procedures.
7-1
-------
Aqueous solutions (e.g., MM5 train impinger samples) were extracted with
hexane by vigorous shaki.ng for a three hour period. This extraction procedure
was repeated three times, and the organic fractions were combined and
concentrated for chromatographic cleanup.
The cleanup procedure involved using liquid chromatographic columns to
separate the compounds of interest from other compounds present in the
samples. Four different types of columns were used: a combination acid and
base modified silica gel column, a basic alumina column, a PX-21 carbon/eelite
545 column and a silica/diol micro column. These were used in successive
steps, with the last two being used only if necessary.
The cleaned samples were analyzed using high resolution gas
chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/MS). GC/MS conditions
for the analyses were as follows:
Gas Chromatograph - Injector configured for capillary column, splitless
injection, injector temperature 280°C, helium carrier gas at 1.2 ml/min,
initial column temperature 100°C, final column temperature 240°C, interface
temperature 270°C.
Mass Spectrometer - Varian/MAT Model 311A, electron energy 70ev, filament
emission IMA, mass resolution 8000 to 10,000, ion source temperature 270°C.
7.2 DIOXIN/FURAN PRECURSORS
Feed samples for Site SSI-A were analyzed by Radian/RTP for chlorophenols
(CP), chlorobenzenes (CB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC/MS; and
total chlorine by Parr Bomb combustion followed by ion chromatography.
Analytical procedures are discussed in the following sections.
7.2.1 GC/MS Analyses
The analytical procedures used for determining CP, CB, and PCB
concentrations in feed samples are modified versions of procedures typically
used for the analysis of MM5 train components. These procedures involve
initial extraction of the sample with an appropriate solvent, preliminary
separation of the compounds of interest by solvent partitioning and liquid
chromatography, and analysis of the processed fractions. Solutions containing
7-2
-------
CB and PCB are injected directly into the GC/MS, and solutions containing CP
are derivatized prior to injection. Details on the procedures used for
Site SSI-A samples are provided in the sections below.
7.2.1.1 Sample Preparation
A flow chart for the sample preparation procedure used for Site SSI-A
feed samples is shown in Figure 7-1. The first step in the procedure involved
adding labeled surrogate compounds to provide a measure of extraction method
efficiency. The next step involved adding a mixture of 50:50 MeCl2/Hexanes to
the sample and sonicating the sample for 30 minutes. The sonicated sample was
filtered and the filtrate was extracted three times in a separatory funnel
with 50 ml 0.5 N NaOH and the aqueous and organic fractions were saved for
derivatization and/or further cleanup. The aqueous fraction (or acids
portion) was acidified to pH 2iO with 1:1 H2SC»4 and then extracted three times
with 50 ml MeClg. The MeCl2 from this extraction was dried with anhydrous
Na2S04, exchanged to benzene, and concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown
apparatus. Acetylation of any CP present in the sample involved the following
steps:
1. 2.0 ml isooctane, 2.0 ml acetonitrile, 50 uL pyridine, and 20 uL
acetic anhydride were added to the extract. The test tube
containing the extract was placed in a 60°C water bath for 15
minutes and was shaken 30 seconds every 2 minutes.
2. 6 ml of 0.01 N H3P04 to the test tube, and the sample was agitated
for 2 minutes on a wrist action shaker.
3. The organic layer was removed and the quantitation standard was
added. The sample was concentrated in a Reacti-Vial at room
temperature (using prepurified N2) to 1 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
Cleanup of the organic (or base/neutrals) layer from the first 0.5 N NaOH
extraction involved successively washing the extract with concentrated H2S04
and double-distilled water. The acid or water was added in a 20 ml portion
and the sample was shaken for four minutes. After the aqueous (or acid) and
organic layers were completely separated, the acid layer was discarded. The
acid washing procedure was repeated until the acid layer was colorless. The
organic fraction from the final wash was dried with anhydrous Na2S04,
exchanged to hexane and concentrated. Final cleanup of the sample by column
chromatography involved the following procedure.
7-3
-------
SOg Sampla
I.OmL Baaa/Nautral Surrogate*
I.OmL Acid Surrogiiaa
Sonlcata with 300 mL
SO/SO UaCiyHaxanaa for 3O win.
Flltar thru Buchnar Punnol with
Qlaaawool Cak« and Pl|1:ar Papar
Extract 3x with 50ml 0.5 N
NaOH In 1.0L Saparatory
Aquaoua
Organic
Adjyat ta aH2 with 1:1 H.SO4.
txtraot 3x with SOMtt. MaCI2
Discard Aquaoua
RHar with
Olacard
AcM l^yar
Add 20ml. Cone. HjSO4:
Shaka 4 mbt; Altarnata
with 2Oml. dlatlHad H2O;
(tapaat until acid la claar.
PHt«r wKh
Add 10ml. lanxana
Coneantrat* to 1mL
To ImL Banxana add:
S.OmL lao oetana
2.0mL Aeatonltrlta
SO uL Pyrldlna
20 uL Acatte AnlydrWa
Add 10ml. Haxanaa;
Concantrata to ImL
Pra-wat Column
with 20mL Haxanaa
Chromatogrcphy column with:
I.Og SIHea
J.Og 33% NaOH SIHca
2.0g Silica
Put In 90s C Hf bath
for 18 mlnutaa. Shaking
30 Mconda avary 2 mlnutaa.
But* with «OmL Haxanaa;
Concantrata to ImL
Add CmL of 0.01 N
H3PO4: Shafca 2 mhHitaa.
Mini-column with
1.0g Alumina
eiuta with 20mL SO/SO
MaCI2/Haxanoa
Add Ouantttatkm StanMrda;
Concantrata to ImL
oe/US AnalyaHi
Figure 7 • 1. Sample Preparation Flow Diagram for
Site SSI - A Precursor Analyses
7-4
-------
A glass macro-column, 20 mm o.d. x 230 mm In length, tapered to 6 mm o.d.
on one end was prepared. The column was packed with a plug of silanized glass
wool, followed successively by 1.0 g silica, 2.0 g silica containing 33% (w/w)
1 N NaOH, and 2.0 g silica. The concentrated extract was quantitatively
transferred to the column and eluted with 90 ml hexane. The entire eluate was
collected and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml in a centrifuge tube.
A disposable liquid chromatography mini-column was constructed by cutting
off a 5-mL Pyrex disp9sable pipette at the 2.0 ml mark and packing the lower
portion of the tube with a small plug of silanized glass wool, followed by 1 g
of Woehlm basic alumina. The alumina had been previously activated for at
least 16 hours at 600°C in a muffle furnace and cooled in a desiccator for 30
minutes just before use. The concentrated eluate from above was
quantitatively transferred onto the liquid chromatography column. The
centrifuge tube was rinsed consecutively with two 0.3-mL portions of a 3
percent MeCl2: hexane solution, and the rinses were transferred to the liquid
chromatography column.
The liquid chromatography column was eluted with 20 ml of a 50 percent
(v/v) MeCl2:hexane solution, and the eluate was concentrated to a volume of
approximately 1 ml by heating the tubes in a water bath while passing a stream
of prepurified N2 over the solutions. The qmantitation standard was added and
the final volume was adjusted to 1.0 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
7.2.1.2 Analysis
Analyses for CP, CB and PCBs present in the feed sample extracts were
performed with a Finnigan Model 5100 mass spectrometer using selected ion
monitoring. A fused silica capillary column was used for chromatographic
separation of the compounds of interest. Analytical conditions for the 6C/MS
analysis are shown in Table 7-1.
Tuning of the GC/MS was performed daily as specified in the Tier 4 QA
Project Plan. An internal-standard calibration procedure was used for sample
quantitation. Compounds of interest were calibrated against a fixed
concentration of either d12-chrysene (for CB, PCB) or dg-naphthalene (for CP).
Components of the calibration solution are shown in Table 7-2. For
multi-point calibrations, this solution was injected at levels of 10, 50, 100,
and 150 ng/ul.
7-5
-------
TABLE 7-1. INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS FOR GC/MS PRECURSOR ANALYSES
Parameter
Chlorobenzenes/
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Chlorophenols
Column
Injector Temperature
Column Head Pressure
He flow rate
GC program
Emission Current
Electron Energy
Injection Mode
Mode
30 m WB DB-5 (1.0 u film
thickness) fused silica
capillary
290°C
Separator Oven Temperature 290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(4)-290°C,
10%" n & hold
0.50 ma
70 ev
290°C
290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(1)-290°C,
12°/min & hold
0.50 ma
70 ev
Split!ess 0.6 min, then 10:1 split
Electron ionization, Selected Ion
Monitoring
7-6
-------
TABLE 7-2. COMPONENTS OF THE CALIBRATION SOLUTION
Base/Neutrals
4-chlorobiphenyl
3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl
2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl
3,3'4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobi phenyl
2,2,4,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6,6'-nonachlorobiphenyl
decachlorobi phenyl
p-dichlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
d4-l,4-dichlorobenzene (SS)
3-bromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexabromobiphenyl (SS)
2
octachloronaphthalene (QS)
djg-phenanthrene (QS)
d12-chrysene (QS)
Acids
2,5-dichlorophenol
2,3-dichlorophenoU
2,6-dichlorophenol
3,5-dichlorophenol
3,4-dichlorophenol
2,3,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,6-trichlorophenol
3,4 ,.5-tri chl orophenol
2,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,4-trichlorophenol
2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol
pentachlorophenol
d6-phenol (SS)
d^-2-chlorophenol (SS)
Cg-pentachlorophenol (SS)
dg-naphthalene (QS)
2,4,6-tribromophenol (QS)
djQ-phenanthrene (QS)
d^chrysene (QS)
1
Surrogate standard.
•Quantitation standard.
7-7
-------
Compound identification was confirmed by comparison of chromatographic
retention times and mass spectra .of unknowns with retention times and mass
spectra of reference compounds. Since the selected ion monitoring-technique
was necessary for the samples analyzed, care was taken to monitor a
sufficiently wide mass region to avoid the potential for reporting false
positives.
The instrument detection limit for the analytes of interest (CP, CB, and
PCB) was estimated to be approximately 500 pg on column. For a 50 g sample
and 100 percent recovery of the analyte, this corresponds to a feed sample
detection limit of 10 ppb.
7.3 TOTAL CHLORINE ANALYSIS
Total chlorine concentrations in feed samples were determined by Parr
Bomb combustion followed by ion chromatography (1C). A 0.5g sample was placed
in the Parr Bomb with 10 mL of a 50 g/L NagCO^, solution. After combustion of
the samples according to standard procedures (ASTM 2015), the contents of the
bomb were rinsed into a 100 mL flask and diluted to 100 mL. The resulting
solution was analyzed for chloride concentration (Cl~) by 1C using standard
anion conditions. For samples difficult to combust (such as sludges), 25
drops of paraffin oils were added to the bomb prior to combustion.
7-8
-------
8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)
This section summarizes results of the quality assurance and quality
control QA/QC activities for field sampling and laboratory analyses for
Site SSI-A. The scrubber outlet flue gas and bottom ash dioxin/furan data for
Site SSI-A were within the QC specifications presented in the Tier 4 QAPP.
Surrogate recoveries for all the samples were well within the specified
limits of 50 to 120 percent for labeled TCOD's and 40 to 120 percent for
hepta- and octa-CDD's. Surrogate recoveries for the incinerator outlet data
were all 32 percent or less. The laboratory reported that the sample extracts
were yellow in color and they destroyed the capillary column resolution. No
quantitative dioxin/furan data were obtained for these samples. The results
of the analysis of the fortified laboratory QC sample were within 40 percent
of true values for all homologues. The dioxin/furan data presented in this
report were well within the accuracy objectives of the Tier 4 program.
The dioxin/furan precursor analysis of the feed samples was not as
accurate as the dioxin/furan homologue analysis. Surrogate recoveries of the
base neutral fraction were generally within the specified QC limits of
100 + 50 percent; however, the surrogate acid fraction recoveries were well
below the QC limits. This trend was noticed in the analysis of nearly all
Tier 4 feed samples. In spite of the low recoveries of the acid fraction, the
dioxin/furan precursor results are considered a reasonable approximation of
the true precursor concentration in the feed samples.
The following sections summarize the results of all Site SSI-A QA/QC
activities. Manual gas sampling methods are considered in Section 8.1 and
continuous monitoring and molecular weight determinations are considered in
Section 8.2 The laboratory analysis QA/QC activities are summarized in
Section 8.3.
8.1 MANUAL GAS SAMPLING
Manual gas sampling methods at Site SSI-A included Modified Method 5
(MM5), EPA Methods 1 through 4, and the ambient air/XAD sampling train. These
methods are discussed in Section 6.0. Quality assurance and quality control
(QA/QC) activities for the manual sampling methods centered around (1)
8-1
-------
equipment calibration, (2) glassware pre-cleaning, (3) procedural QC checks
and (4) sample custody procedures. Key activities and QC results in each: of
these areas are discussed in this section. Also discussed are problems
encountered that may have affected data quality.
Pre-test calibrations or inspections were conducted on pi tot tubes,
sampling nozzles, temperature sensors and analytical balances. Both pre-test
and post-test calibrations were performed on the dry gas meters. All of the
field test equipment met the calibration criteria specified in the Tier 4
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Differences in the pre-test and
post-test dry gas meter calibrations were less than 2 percent.
An extensive pre-cleaning procedure was used for all sample train
glassware and sample containers. This cleaning procedure, which is outlined
in Table 8-1, was implemented to minimize the' potential for sample
contamination with substances that could interfere with the dioxin/furan
analysis. To minimize the potential for contamination in the field, all
sample train glassware was capped with foil prior to use and stored in a
dust-controlled environment. A sample trailer was maintained for the specific
purpose of sample train assembly and recovery.
Prior to leaving for the test site, a potential contamination problem was
identified during inspection of the sample containers (after precleaning
procedures had been instituted). Spots were observed on some amber glassware
and sampling glassware. The spots were removed by wiping with clean Kimwipes.
A randomly selected set of glassware and sample containers were rinsed with
the solvents anticipated for use in the field recovery procedure, and the
rinse was submitted to the Radian-RTP laboratory for future potential
analyses.
Procedural QA activities during the manual gas sampling focused on:
visual equipment inspections,
utilization of sample train blanks,
ensuring the proper location and number of traverse points,
conducting pre-test and post-test sample train leak checks,
maintaining proper temperature at the filter housing, sorbent
trap and impinger train,
maintaining isokinetic sampling rates, and
recording all data on preformatted field data sheets.
8-2
-------
TABLE 8-1. GLASSWARE PRECLEANING PROCEDURE
NOTE: USE DISPOSABLE GLOVES AND ADEQUATE VENTTI.ATTfW
1. Soak all glassware in hot soapy water (A1conoxR) 50°C or higher.
2. Distilled/deionized H20 rinse (X3).a
3. Distilled/deinoized HJ3 rinse (X3).
4. ChromergeR rinse if glass, otherwise skip to 6.
5. High purity liquid chromatography grade hLO rinse (X3).
6. Acetone rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
7. Hexane rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
8. Oven dry (110°C - 2 hrs).
9. Cap glassware with clean glass plugs or hexane rinsed aluminum foils,
a(X3) = three times. ~~ ~~
8-3
-------
During sampling Run 09 at the incinerator outlet location, the condenser
coil prior to the XAD sorbent module became discolored. Upon completion of
the sampling run and disassembly of the sample train, it was determined that
the discoloration in the coil and condenser was due to a torn filter. This
allowed a-small amount of particulate to bypass the filter and and -enter the
sorbent module. No unusual discoloration was observed in the impingers for
this run.
Results of the isokinetic calculations for the MM5 test runs,are shown in
Table 8-2. The average isokinetc sampling rate for each MM5 sampling run was
within the QA objective of 100 + 10 percent (%), except for Run 11 at the
incinerator outlet location, which was 111.8 percent isokinetic.
Blank sample trains were used at both MM5 sample locations to determine
the background levels of contaminants that might interfere with dioxin and
furan analysis. Blank sample trains were treated as normal samples. Trains
were assembled completely and transported to the respective sample location.
Recovery of the blank trains was performed in the same sequence as for a
normal test run. All solvents used in the recovery of blanks came from the
same container as for normal test runs. The sample blank for the scrubber
outlet location was contaminated during recovery and was not submitted to
Troika for analysis. The incinerator outlet sample blank was submitted for
analysis, and these results are discussed in Section 8.3.1.2.
Initial final and port change leak checks for the MM5 sample trains were
acceptable for all of the test runs. None of the reported sample volumes
required correction for sample train leakage. Leak check data were recorded
on the HNS field data sheets.
Sample custody procedures used during this program emphasized careful
documentation of the samples collected and the use of chain-of-custody records
for samples transported to the laboratory for analysis. Steps taken to
identify and document samples included labeling each sample with a unique
alphanumeric code and logging the sample in a mass logbook. All samples
shipped to Troika or return to Radian/RTP were also logged on chain-of-custody
records that were signed by the field sample custodian upon shipment and also
signed upon receipt at the laboratory. Each sample container lid was
individually sealed to ensure that samples were not tampered with. No
8-4
-------
TABLE 8-2. SUMMARY OF ISOKINETICS RESULTS FOR MM5 SAMPLING TRAINS
Run
09
10
11
a_.
Scrubber
Outlet
95.6
94.7
103.4
Meets QC
Objective3
Yes
Yes
Yes
Incinerator
Outlet
96.8
99.9
111.8
Meets QC
Objective3
Yes
Yes
No
The quality assurance objective for MM5 sampling was isokinetics of
100± 10 percent.
8-5
-------
evidence of loss of sample integrity was reported for samples collected at
this site.
8.2 CONTINUOUS MONITORING/MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
Flue gas-parameters measured continuously during the MM5 test runs
include CO, C02, 02 total hydrocarbons (THC) and SOX and NOX. The
concentrations of 02, CO., and nitrogen (N2) were also determined for
integrated bag samples of the flue gas. Quality control results for these
analyses are discussed in this section.
Drift check results for the continuously monitored flue gas parameters
are summarized in Table 8-3. The acceptance criteria for drift checks was a
daily instrument drift within + 10 percent. Data prediction was performed
by assuming a linear drift of the instrument response over the test day based
on drift checks art the beginning and end of the day. The largest calibration
drifts were observed for the NOX analyzer, which exceeded QC target goals for
two test runs. The smallest instrument drift, was observed for the oxygen
monitor.
The quality control standards for this program consisted of mid-range
concentration standards that were not intended to be used for instrument
calibration. The intention was to analyze the QC gases immediately after
calibration each day to provide data on day-to-day instrument variability.
The acceptance criteria for the analysis of each QC standard was agreement
within +10 percent of the running mean value. However, the QC gases were
not used for this purpose at Site SSI-A. A leak in the sample gas manifold
resulted in the loss of several of the gas cylinders originally intended for
use as calibration span gases. Consequently, the QC gases were used as
calibration span gases and could not be used for their original purpose.
Molecular weight was determined by analyzing integrated bag samples of
flue gas for C02, 02, and N2. Quality control for this analysis involved
duplicate analyses of calibration gases immediately before and after sample
analysis. Analysis of the calibration gases was repeated until two
consecutive analyses agreed to within +5 percent. This same criteria of +5
percent applied to duplicate analyses required for sample quantification.
These criteria were met for all molecular weight determinations.
8-6
-------
TABLE 8-3. DAILY DRIFT CHECK RESULTS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORS
Parameter
°2
°2
°2
CO
CO
CO
co2
co2
co2
so2
so2
so2
N0x
NOX
NOX
THC
THC
THC
Test
Date
10/8/84
10/9/84
10/10/84
10/8/84
10/9/84
10/10/84
10/8/84
10/9/84
10/10/84
10/8/84
10/9/84
10/10/84
10/8/84
10/9/84
10/10/84
10/8/84
10/9/94
10/10/84
Test
Run
09
10
11
09
10
11
09
10
11
09
10
11
09
10
11
09
10
11
Input
Concentration
9,0% vol
9.0% vol
9.0% vol
1000 ppmv
1000 ppmv
1000 ppmv
12.0% vol
12.0% vol
12.0% vol
80 ppmv
80 ppmv
80 ppmv
152 ppmv
152 ppmv
152 ppmv
444 ppmv
444 ppmv
444 ppmv
Instrument
Drift3 (%-)
0.2
0.5
-0.2
4.8
4.5
-4.4
2.1
-15.5
-0.7
4.8
7.3
14.8
39.6
4.2
37.0
0.1
5.4
4.2
.Meets
- - -QC?0'-
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Instrument drift is defined as the percent difference between the instru-
ment calibration factors calculated at the beginning and end of each test
Quality control objective was daily instrument drift less than ±10 percent.
8-7
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8.3 LABORATORY ANALYSES
QA/QC activities were carried out for dioxin/furan and precursor analyses
performed on Site SSI-A samples. The dioxin/furan analyses of MM5 train
samples and bottom ash samples performed by Troika are considered in
Section 8.3.1. The precursor analyses of the sludge feed samples performed by
Radian/RTP are considered in Section 8.3.2.
8.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
Two individual topics related to the dioxin/furan analyses at Site SSI-A
are discussed in this section. Analytical recoveries of labeled surrogate
compounds spiked onto HM5 train samples are reported in Section 8.3.1.1.
Sample blank data are reported in Section 8.3.1.2.
8.3.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the Test Samples
Table 8-4 presents the analytical recovery data reported by Troika for
the isotopically labeled surrogate compounds spiked onto the primary MM5 train
samples and bottom ash samples. Those samples consisting solely of solid
components, such as bottom ash, were spiked with ]3Cj2-TCDD and 13C,2-octa-CDD
surrogates. Samples that consisted of both solid and liquid components, such
as the primary MM5 train samples, were spiked with four surrogates,
37C14-TCDD, 13C12-TCDD, 37C14-hepta CDD, and 13C12-octa CDD.
Surrogate recoveries for the bottom ash samples ranged from 78 to 90
percent for the labeled TCDD and from 86 to 91 percent for the labeled
octa-CDD. Recoveries for the primary MM5 train samples from the scrubber
outlet ranged from 96 to 100 percent for the labeled TCDDs and from 76 and 89
percent for the labeled hepta- and octa- CDDs. These recovery values were
within the QA targets of 40 to 120 percent recovery for the labeled TCDD
species and 40 to 120 percent recovery for the labeled hepta- and octa-CDD
species.
Surrogate recoveries for the incinerator outlet MM5 train samples were
reported to be zero for all four species for Run 09 and to be below 32 percent
for all species for Run 10. No recovery data were reported for incinerator
outlet MH5 samples for Run 11. The Troika laboratory report noted that the
Run 09 and Run 10 samples destroyed the capillary column resolution. Thus, no
valid dioxin/furan analytical data were obtained for the incinerator outlet
MM5 samples.
8-8
-------
TABLE 8-4. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR SITE SSI-A
DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSES (OUTLET)
Sampl e
Incinerator Outlet
MM5 Train Samples
Run 09 MM5
Run 10 MM5
Run 11 MM5
Scrubber Outlet
MM5 Train Samples
Run 09 MM5
Run 10 MM5
Run 11 MM5
Bottom Ash Samples
Run 09
Run 10
Run 11
Dash (-) indicates that tf
37C1
TCDD
0
32
NR
98
100
96
90
82
78
10 Clivvnna+a r-r
13c 37n 13r
12 M4 C12
TCDD Hepta-CDD Octa-CDD .
0 0 0
28 NR 14
NR NR NR
100 89 89
98 85 83
100 84 76
91
88
86
this sample.
NR = not reported by Troika.
8-9
-------
8.3.1.2 Sample Blanks
Table 8-5 summarizes the analytical results reported by Troika for
internal laboratory blanks, laboratory fortified quality control (QC) samples,
and the inlet field recovery blank MM5 train samples. Proof blank MM5 train
samples were not provided for Site SSI-A because the practice of submitting
proof train samples was not developed until later in the Tier 4 program. The
outlet field recovery blank for the MM5 train samples was not submitted to
Troika due to known field contamination. The surrogate recovery values for
both the flue gas QC samples and bottom ash QC samples ranged from 64 to 97
percent. Detectable quantities of both octa-CDD (0.11 nanograms) and octa-CDF
(0.54 nanograms) were found in the internal laboratory blank. Measured Values
•for the laboratory fortified QC sample were within the + 40 percent of the
true values, which satisfies the QA objective of + 50 percent accuracy.
Table 8-6 gives a comparison of the dioxin/furan analytical results for
the inlet field blank MM5 train and the scrubber outlet test run MM5 trains.
The data show that relative to the scrubber outlet MM5 train values, the inlet
field blank contained significant quantities of hepta- and octa- CDD/DCF.
However, the inlet field blank did not contain detectable quantities of the
tetra-chlorinated species, which were the most prevalent species in the MM5
test run samples.
8.3.2 Precursor Analyses
Table 8-7 presents analytical recovery efficiencies for seven
isotopically labeled compounds used as surrogates for the target precursor
analytes in the Site SSI-A feed samples. Th« surrogate recovery values in
Table 8-7 vary considerably by specific surrogate species but are fairly
uniform between runs for the same species. The surrogate recoveries ranged
from 11 percent for Cg-pentachlorophenol to 88 percent for bromobiphenyl.
Several of the recoveries are below the 50 percent objective stated in the
Tier 4 QA Project Plan and are below those generally considered achievable
when analyzing for similar compounds in water or from MM5 train components.
8-10
-------
TABLE 8-5. ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
Compound
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta COD
Octa CDD
Furans
Total TCOF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
37C14-TCDD
13C12-TCDD
37Cl4-Hepta CDD
13«
C12-0cta CDD
Laboratory
Blank
. EluaJaas.
Ouali+v P«,+~i sa,
Fortified Laboratory QC Samp To
Measured True
Value Value3'5
AjllQUnt Detected (Nanonram.! nor
ND
NR
ND
ND
ND
.11
ND
ND
ND
ND
.54
94
96
97
88
.35
ND
ND
.98
2.6
2.7
.34
.75
1.9
2.1
. 3.1
—Surrogate,
86
86
86
90
0.4 (-13)
NO (0)
ND (0)
1.6 (-39)
2.4 (+8)
3.2 (-16)
0.4 (-15)
0.8 (-6)
1.6 (+19)
2.4 (-13)
3.2 (-3)
Recoveries (Perr^
NA
NA
NA
NA
nales
Field Blank
Inlet
NO
NO
" NO
ND
1.7
18.5
ND
ND
ND
1.9
3.4
86
96
83
89
MM? Train
Outlet
MS
, NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
64
85
represent the amounts of each homologue spiked Into the laboratory fortified QC
in parenthesis 1s the percentage difference between the measured value and the
^difference - Measured Val»Q - Tr..fl yfll|m fl ,
True Value x 10°
ND * Not detected.
NR = Not reported by Troika.
NS - Not sampled.
NA * Not applicable.
Dash(-) indicates that the surrogate compound of Interest was not spiked onto this sample.
3-11
-------
TABLE 8-6. FIELD BLANK DIOXIN/FURAN DATA FOR SITE SSI-A MM5 SAMPLES
Isomer/
Homo! ogue
Dioxlns
2378-TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Furans
Total TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
ND - Not detected.
NR - Not reported t
Scrubber Inlet
Amount Detected
Field Bl
Value
ND
ND
.ND
ND
1.7
18.5
ND
ND
ND
1.9
3.4
>y Troika
ank Minimum Test
Run Value
i
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. Method efficiencies f
Scrubber
no/train
Outlet
Field Blank Minimum Test
Value Run Value
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
or the incinera
0.03
8.3
0.13
0.66
1.8
3.3
26.4
7.6
0.44
0.37
0.22
itor outlet
(scrubber inlet) were below the Tier 4 QA/QC criteria.
NS =• Not submitted to Troika for analysis. The outlet field blank train was
contaminated on-site during preparation.
8-12
-------
TABLE 8-7. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR SITE SSI-A FEED SAMPLES
Surrogate
Comoound
Base Neutrals Fraction
d4-di chl orobenzene
bromobi phenyl
2', 5, 5' tetra
bromobi phenyl
2', 4, 4', 6, 6'
hexabromobi phenyl
Acids Fract-inn
dg-phenol
d4-2-chlorophenol
C -pentachlorophenol
— • •
MT\ it j. j j. .•
Percent Surrocrate Rprnuow
Run fiQ
60
99
81
ND
12
26
13
Sludae Feed
Kiin lu
28
73
75
23
16
31
12
Samples
Run 11
31
91
74
NO
10
18
7
Averaae
40
88
77
NO
13
25
11
8-13
-------
-------
APPENDIX A
FIELD RESULTS
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.I - Modified Method 5 and EPA Methods 1-4 Field Results A-l
A.I.I - Scrubber Outlet A_3
A.1.2 - Incinerator Outlet (Scrubber Inlet) A-ll
APPENDIX A.2 - Continuous Emission Monitoring Results A-19
APPENDIX A.3
APPENDIX A.4
APPENDIX A.5
- Ambient Air-XAD Train Field Results ..... A-25
- EPA Method 3 Fixed Gas Field Results A-31
Modified Method 5 and EPA Methods 1-4 Field
Sample Calculations
A-35
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.I
MODIFIED METHOD 5
and
EPA METHODS 1-4 FIELD RESULTS
A-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.1.1
Scrubber Outlet
MM5 Sampling Data
A-3
-------
-------
RADIAN
EPA ME
(RAW D
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
s <
T H (
A T i
ON
3URCE TEST
3D 2-5
\ )
SITE 01
SCRUBBER EXHAUST
HR-A-9
10/08/84
1500-1920
"A"
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure (1n.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter <1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature
-------
RAD
EPA
IAN
SOURCE
METHOD
FINAL RESU
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST f
DATE
TEST PERIOD
S 2
L T S
SITE 01
TEST
5
SCRUBBER EXHAUST "A"
HR-A-9
10/08/84
1500-1920
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vro(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw "gas (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
% I
% EA
208.7371
5.911435
4.660778
.1319932
2.184079
.9781592
29.1192
28.87635
836.4242
255.0074
10077.45
285.3935
8516.207
241.179
95.57008
891.1934
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-6
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW DATA)
PLANT SITE 01
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SCRUBBER EXHAUST "A"
HR-A-10
10/09/84
1336-1750
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampl1ng time (m1n.>
Barometric Pressure dn.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.ln.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(1n Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
P1tot Constant
240
30.3
.486
219.47
3.03
103.2
1734.949
.03
85.1
30.30221
181.1667
2.26
18.89
78.85
5.994091
.9959
.84
A-7
-------
RADIAN
EPA ME
FINAL
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE
T H 0 D S 2
RESULTS
: SITE 01
T E:
- 5
S T
SCRUBBER EXHAUST "A"
HR-A-10
10/09/84
1336-1750
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
% I
% EA
209.0378
5.919951
4.012465
.113633
1.883342
.9811666
29.1172
28.90782
872.6186
266.0423
10513.53
297.7433
8603.34
243.6466
94.73842
980.5859
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-8
-------
T A )
SITE 01
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW DA
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SCRUBBER EXHAUST "A"
HR-A-11
10/10/84
1030-1530 (UPSET: 1400-1450)
PARAMETER
VALUE
Samp!1ng time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure (1n.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.1n.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressuredn Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
P1tot Constant
240
30.42
.486
215.16
2.97
85.5
1734.949
.03
402.8
30.42221
176.625
3
16.75
80.25
5.838538
.9959
.84
A-9
-------
SOURCE
RADIAN
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT SITE 01
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
SCRUBBER EXHAUST "A"
HR-A-11
10/10/84
1050-1530 (UPSET: 1400-1450)
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (sent)
% moisture
Md
MWa
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
F1ow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmra)
% I
% EA
212.3835
6.014699
18.99202
.537854
8.208312
.9179169
29.15
28.23477
858.346
261.6909
10341.57
292.8734
8005.148
226.7058
103.4475
377.5924
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-10
-------
APPENDIX A.1.2
Incinerator Outlet (Scrubber Inlet)
MM5 Sampling Data
A-11
-------
-------
ETHOD 2-5
DATA)
: SITE 01
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA M
< R A W
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SCRUBBER INLET "B"
HR-B-9
10/08/84
1500-1934
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampl1ng time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure Un.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.ln.)
Stack Static Pressure <1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressuredn Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
270
30.4
.497
158.583
1.26
107.4
1188
-.1
1166
30.39265
746.3334
7.4
12.2
80.6
8.632847
.9959
.84
A-13
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
E S U L T S
SITE 01
T E
5
S T
N A L
F I
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SCRUBBER INLET "B"
HR-B-9
10/08/84
lSOO-1934
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scot)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
% I
% EA
149.7788
4.241737
54.9769
1.556946
26.85
.7315
29.728
26.57903
1308.718
398.9993
10796.92
305.7688
3511.461
99.44456
96.79835
134.3849
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-14
-------
RAO
EPA
IAN
W
M E T H
DAT
( R A
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0 U R C E T.E
0 D 2-5
A )
SITE 01
SCRUBBER INLET
HR-B-10
10/Q9/84
1335-1814
S T
"B"
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampl1ng time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure dn.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.ln.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressuredn Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
P1tot Constant
270
30.3
.495
168.37
1.4
114.9
1188
-.12
1265.4
30.29118
811.4445
5
15.3
79.7
9.344061
.9959
.84
A-15
-------
RADIAN S
EPA M E T H
FINAL RE
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION '
TEST f
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0 U R C E
0 D S 2
S U L T S
SITE 01
T E:
- 5
S T
SCRUBBtR INLET "EJ"
HR-B-10
10/09/84
1335-1814
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vra(dscf)
Vm('dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gcs (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
% I
% EA
156.4862
4.431689
59.66361
1.689673
27.6029
.723971
29.412
26.26196
1427 ,,447
435.1972
11776.44
333.5086
3584,,479
101.5124
99.87521
266.5135
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-16
-------
RADIAN
EPA MET
(RAW DAT
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD '
SOU
HOD
A )
R C
2
E
- 5
TEST
SITE 01
SCRUBBER INLET "B"
HR-B-11
10/10/84
1033-1603 STOPPED FOR UPSET 1358-1453
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampl1ng time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure dn.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.1n.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(1n Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
P1tot Constant
270
30.42
.495
146.034
.97
106.2
1188
-.12
1387.9
30.41118
829.4445
5.44
14.03
80.53
7.844025
.9888
.84
A-17
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
T E S T
5
FINAL
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
RESULTS
SITE 01
SCRUBBER INLET MB"
HR-B-11
10/10/84
1033-1603 STOPPED FOR UPSET 1358-1453
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
% I
% EA
137 ,,2275
3.886283
65.43948
1.8153246
32.28917
.6771083
29.4316
25.74043
1207.982
368,2872
99615.849
282 ,.23 29
2808.506
79.153688
111,7824
194,0547
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-18
-------
APPENDIX A.2
CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING (CEM)
(02, CO, C02, S02, NOX, THC)
FIELD RESULTS
A-19
-------
-------
CEM TEST RESULTS
CEMS DATA -
TIME
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
1505
1510
1515
1520
1525
1530
1535
1540
1545
1550
1555
1600
1605
1610
1615
1620
1625
1630
1635
1640
1645
1650
1655
1700
1705
1710
1715
1720
1725
1730
1735
1740
1745
1750
1755
1800
1805
1810
1815
1820
182S
1830
1835
1840
1845
1850
1855
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
SITE 01
02
(XV)
11.4
11.9
11.7
11.3
12.0
12.4
13.2
12.7
12.8
12.9
12.2
12.6
12.9
12.5
13.1
12.8
13.0
12.4
13.3
13.3
13.0
12.3
13.3
12.5
11.8
12.7
12.8
12.8
11.7
11.1
12.2
11.8
11.8
12.1
11.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
12.2
12.0
11.6
11.5
11.6
12.0
12.1
12.4
12.3
12.4
13.0
13.3
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.2
11.8
10.1
9.8
8.4
9.4
11.1
11.4
11.5
11.2
11.7
11.9
11.8
11.5
11.5
12.2
72
12.1
0.9
1 - TEST 9
CO
(PPHV)
1381.9
1439.7
1422.1
1304.9
1591.5
1613.9
1461.7
1478.5
1447.0
1413.2
1445.6
1395.9
1568.1
1560.5
1391.3
1416.3
1446.6
1493.6
1383.3
1505.0
1395.7
1376.3
1436.0
1548. 2
1497.7
1385.9
1480.5
1618.8
1616.8
1566.3
1508.9
1502.0
1502.5
1576.8
1551.2
1290.2
1371.3
1351.0
1340.3
1439.2
1347.0
1386.7
1317.6
1294.0
1306.6
1378.4
1394.9
1315.0
1334.9
1488.4
1428.2
1411.0
1332.2
1295.4
1450.7'
1404.0
1373.0
1417.4
1755.2
1709.2
2131.0
1373.4
1060.8
1196.3
1079.4
989.8
1148.1
1048.2
1050.4
1041.5
1153.2
1090.7
72
1403.0
178.8
C02
(IV)
13.4 ,
13.6
13.4
13.8
12.4
12.4
11.1
12.1
11.9
11.2
12.6
11.6
11.6
12.1
11.1
11.4
11.0
12.0
10.7
10.8
11.1
11.8
11.0
12.1
12.9
11.2
11.3
11.7
13.5
13.7
12.2
13.2
12.8
12.5
12.9
11.6
11.9
11.6
12.1
12.4
13.2
13.5
13.1
13.0
12.4
11.8
12.2
12.0
11.2
10. a
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.7
11.8
11.4
12.0
12.8
15.6
15.3
17.3
15.2
13.3
13.2
12.9
13.1
12.7
12.6
12.8
12.8
13.3
12.2
72
12.4
1.2
502
(PPMV)
524.5
509.1
526.4
564.6
488.3
497.0
433.3
458.9
467.8
424.4
512.9
452.8
442.8
465.5
423.0
458.6
417.9
482.0
382.7
419.1
420.3
456.3
391.4
471.4
517.3
422.0
422.3
443.6
517.8
549.7
483.0
519.8
485.1
484.0
513.3
448.5
461.6
458.3
495.8
522.9
538.8
583.6
541.1
500.3
482.2
459.7
492.3
460.2
421.1
403.7
413.3
423. S
439.8
458.2
469.6
447.1
485.0
535.8
697.9
688.9
858.8
683.1
565.4
579.6
529.8
555.4
528.5
515.0
524.3
534.4
539.3
496.1
72
495.7
76.0
NOX
(PPMV)
172.1
177.9
172.4
161.8
155.5
158.9
151.1
151.3
157.4
149.2
158.3
151.4
160.0
157.2
157.8
159.9
162.3
159.4
157.5
174.4
168.7
158.3
173.5
171.4
171.4
157.9
166.8
178.7
184.1
173.5
171.3
176.8
169.8
174.2
172.0
171.4
172.6
174.6
173.7
189. 8
186.3
181.1
173.0
183.7
172.5
185.7
198.7
189.0
190.0
203.6
203.4
204.2
210.4
209.2
213.5
217.3
207.7
212.9
258.7
239.9
304.6
235.4
199.3
214.9
200.0
193.7
211.5
209.6
201.2
204.2
216.4
212.9
72
184.7
27.4
THC
(PPMV)
77.7
74.4
77.8
81.3
96.4
215.7
251.4
229.2
166.0
48.1
245.3
108.5
209.2
132.3
187.4
171.8
219.2
205.2
212.0
166.6
237.3
224.8
286.8
242.4
102.5
170.3
207.2
241.1
156.7
125.2
185.9
191.4
170.7
75.7
106.1
168.6
141.9
157.9
74.2
164.5
101.2
70.9
64.5
105.5
119.8
140.7
172.3
149.0
155.1
170.0
85.4
156.7
91.0
188.9
167.2
88.2
160.7
162.1
119.6
61.3
89.0
58.6
29.5
35.6
19.5
26.8
33.7
34.1
25.4
17.3
28.0
15.7
72
132.6
68.9
A-21
-------
Site 01 - Test 10
TIME
1335
1340
1345
1350
1355
1400
1405
1410
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
1505
1510
1515
1520
1525
1530
1535
1540
1545
1550
1555
1600
1605
1610
1615
1620
1625
1630 .
1635
1640
1645
1650
1655
17DO
1705
1710
1715
1720
1725
1730
1735
1740
1745
1750
1755
laoo
1805
1810
1815
1820
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. OEV.
02
(IV)
3.1
13.0
12.9
" 13.0
13.2
13.2
13.4
13.2
13.3
13.0
12.9
12.8
13.1
12.7
12.8
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.7
12.5
12.4
12.4
11.9
11.6
12.6
12.3
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.5
11.9
12.2
12.2
12.8
12.9
13.4
13.6
13.5
13.8
13.8
13.6
13.3
11.7
10.2
9.5
9.3
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.9
9.4
9.9
10.1
10.9
10.7
11.4
11.5
58
11.9
1.9
CO
(PPMV)
921.7
1021.4
969.1
860.5
913.0
924.1
921.2
940.3
971.9
978.4
904.7
874.8
873.8
842.7
826.0
890.8
831.6
834.2
790.2
823.1
819.4
747.6
775.3
755.9
756.7
779.5
848.4
761.7
833.7
785.8
743.5
758.9
744.7
747.2
803.7
884.7
925.3
898.3
891.2
840.9
832.8
862.4
937.1
1367.1
1803.0
2146.5
2228.1
2247. S
2226.9
2234.1
1979.6
1432.7
1203.0
1098.9
1090.4
975.1
977.9
57
1046.6
427.9
C02
(XV)
12.4
12.5
13.5
12.3
12.4
12.2
12.1
11.9
13.1
12.6
12.8
12.4
12.8
13.0
13.5
12.9
13.0
12.9
13.4
13.7
14.1
13.8
14.0
13.1
13.5
13.4
14.1
13.3
13.8
13.4
13.6
13.2
13.5
12.0
11.9
10.9
10.7
11.1
10.5
10.8
11.0
12.2
14.0
15.9
17.4
17.8
18.8
19.2
19.5
17.5
17.4
16.3
16.0
15.2
14.9
13.7
14.1
57
13.7
2.1
S02
(PPMV)
359.6
354.3
370.4
347.5
340.1
330.7
343.0
336.5
372.0
368.3
372.4
367.0
411.8
408.2
436.6
413.9
409.9
397.4
433.7
450.8
490.1
482.1
499.9
497.3
523.5
520.2
581.4
515.7
545.6
513.5
522.5
494.1
499.6
409.3
406.6
342.9
309.3
329.5
297.1
308.6
329.0
369.2
513.9
640.1
704.3
771.1
772.2
752.6
797.6
767.5
716.7
674.3
643.6
614.6
590.1
528. 8
553.3
57
482.0
137.8
NOX
(PPMV)
1.1
221.3
2215.2
26:5.5
2215.0
229.3
221Z.7
22IJ. 8
229.9
25«.2
239. 6
237.9
23;;. 6
23JI.5
2321.1
2211.2
229. S
223!. 8
22^1.2
224.6
237.3
24];. o
227.9
22JI.7
2231.6
2211.8
230.6
2*4,. 7
235.1
237.1
243.0
234.3
238.6
238.1
233.8
229.2
233.0
235.7
239.8
237.4
239.6
240.7
251.4
261.4
74.3
95.9
114.0
140.1
155.6
153.3
129.9
108.0
84.4
75.3
68.2
65.1
56.6
275.9
!>8
201, .8
64,,4
THC
(PPMV)
24.4
25.6
25.8
23.6
24.2
29.9 .
25.2
26.7
26.2
23.6
23.5
25.9
33.9
25.9
28.6
25.7
26.4
24.1
21.8
26.4
24.6
25.3
28.5
32.2
38.1
26.5
25.8
26.5
27.1
26.7
24.8
24.4
24.2
23.4
22.6
22.8
22.9
23.7
22.3
21.4
29.5
32.8
32.1
36.5
47.8
57.0
80.0
157.8
196.8
259.6
149.9
125.6
63.5
61.7
41.9
48.4
39.5
39.3
SB
43.6
44.9
CEM Test Results
r
A-22
-------
CEHS DATA - SITE 01 - TEST 11
TIME
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1055
1100
1105
1110
1115
1120
1125
1130
1135
1140
1145
1150
1155
1200
1205
1210
1215
1220
1225
1230
1235
1240
1245
1250
1255
1300
1305
1310
1315
1320
1325
1330
1335
1340
1345
1350
1355
1400
1405
1410
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
1505
1510
1515
1520
1525
1530
1535
1540
1545
1550
1555
1600
1605
1610
1615
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STO. DEV.
02
(SV)
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.0
12.2
11.8
17.7
11.9
12.1
12.2
11.8
11.9
IB. 3
11.3
10.8
19.5
10.5
10.0
16.3
9.7
8.9
9.3
10.3
10.1
11.9
8.4
7.7
14.5
9.1
9.2
9.1
8.5
8.8
9.2
8.2
8.5
10.5
9.3
9.6
14.8
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.5
10.9
11.7
11.5
12.5
12.8
12.9
13.6
16.7
12.8
12.1
11.8
11.4
10.9
11.8
11.7
11.6
12.3
11.3
11.2
16.0
10.3
10. S
70
11.7
2.3
CO
(PPMV)
966.2
1270.8
1186.7
1290.3
1309.1
1291.4
1303.1
1374.7
1307.9
1227.7
1302.6
1270.0
1216.0
1230.8
1244.8
1217.7
1360.6
1270.5
1238.6
1025.6
1355.8
1249.2
1376.0
1309.4
1284.8
1267.6
1240.8
1204.1
1218.5
1336.0
1525. 9
927.0
1326.9
1365.4
1414.1
1349.5
1270.8
1278.1
1328.4
1231.5
1198.1
956.8
1043.0
587.3
920.9
953.4
903.3
927.3
919.2
944.6
905.9
945.3
958.5
820.1
861.0
735.2
906.2
797.8
896.7
857.3
961.3
928.0
946.3
996.1
1006.9
1017.4
1048.2
577.4
1063.7
1045.3
70
1119.9
207.2
C02
(SV)
12.8
13.0
13.0
12.6
12.8
12.7
12.9
12.9
13.8
14.4
13.7
14.4
13.9
13.9
14.5
14.0
14.3
15.7
16.3
16.1
16.7
16.8
17.2
18.3
18.8
17.7
17.6
17.9
18.2
19.8
19.2
19.1
19.5
18.6
19.9
18.7
18.6
18.2
17.8
17.4
17.1
17.2
16.8
16.7
IS. 4
15.2
14.2
14. S
13.6
12.7
11.8
14.2
14.6
15.8
15.4
15.7
15.1
14.9
15.3
15.1
15.8
16.1
15.9
17.4
17.3
65
15.8
2.1
S02
(PPHV)
371.4
391.9
394.9
355.3
356.9
359.0
367.7
340.5
390.6
428.6
412.1
450.3
444.4
435.2
476.4
463.7
477.3
530.8
554.9
559.0
578.9
629,1
611.3
667.3
729 ..8
689.5
697.0
702.6
717.4
810.4
870.9
799.6
744 ..0
766 .,9
858. .1
793.9
742 ,,8
729,,7
800 .,6
787 ,,5
770.7
741. ,0
744 ,,7
736,,4
719..5
717,7
698,7
725..0
695 ,,9
636.0
641.7
600.6
598.7
559.1
504.2
440.8
527.4
501.6
575.6
570.7
536.1
561.5
593.1
225.5
578.9
623.0
628.8
596.1
714.7
686.8
70
596.6
148.4
NOX
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.3
AMBIENT AIR - XAD TRAIN
FIELD RESULTS
A-25
-------
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
METHOD 2-5
EPA
(RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DATA)
SITE 01
COMBUSTION AIR INTAKE '
AMB-XAD-A
10/8-9-10/84
(1535-1935 1340-1745 1030-1410)
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampltng time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n0)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.1n.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(1n Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
705
30.4
0
381.289
.75
98
0
.001
98.5
30.40008
0
.001
20.9
79.1
0
.9956
A-27
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT : SITE 01
PLANT SITE : .
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST i
DATE
TEST PERIOD
T E
- 5
S T
COMBUSTION AIR INTAKE
AMB-XAD-A
10/8-9-10/84
(1535-1935 1340-1745 1030-1410)
PARAMETER
RESULT
VmCdscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
365.,6268
10.315455
4.644275
.1315259
1.254291
.9874571
28.83644
28.70052
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-28
-------
RADIAN
EPA ME
(RAW D
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0 U
0 D
R C E
2 -
TEST
ATA)
SITE 01
COMBUSTION AIR INTAKE
AMB-XAD-RUN B
10/8-9-10/84
(1535-1935 1340-1745
1030-1410)
PARAMETER VALUE
Sampling time (m1n.) 705
Barometric Pressure Hn.Hg) 30.4
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.) 0
Meter Volume (cu.ft.) 402.855
Meter Pressure (1n.H20) .75
Meter Temperature (F) 100.9
Stack dimension (sq.1n.) 0
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20) .001
Stack Moisture Collected (gm) 100.9
Absolute stack pressureHn Hg) 30.40008
Average stack temperature (F) 0
Percent C02 .001
Percent 02 20.9
Percent N2 79.1
Delps Subroutine result 0
DGM Factor 1.005
0
A-29
-------
R E
RAD
EPA M
FINAL
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST i
DATE
TEST PERIOD
IAN SOURCE
E T H 0 D
S 2
S U L T S
: SITE 01
T E
5
S T
COMBUSTION AIR INTAKE
AMB-XAD-RUN B
10/8-9-10/84
(1535-1935 1340-1745
1030-1410)
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
387.9381
10.98641
4.757436
.1347306
1.211482
.9878852
28.83644
28.70516
A-30
Program Revision:1/16/84
-------
APPENDIX A.4
EPA METHOD 3
FIXED GAS FIELD RESULTS
A-31
-------
-------
Run #
01-B9-IB
Compound
°2
CO,
No
Trial 7
Trial 2
- Leaky Bag Used CEM Data
Average
01-B10-IB
CO,
5.11
15.30
4.89
81.42
15.3
5.0
79.7
01-B11-IB
CO,
13.94
5.56
74.87
14.13
5.31
74.40
14.0
5.4
80.5
01-A9-IB
0,
CO'
18.72
2.36
78.34
18.77
2.26
78.95
18.7
2.3
78.6
01-A10-IB
°2
CO,
18.83
2.37
82.35
18.95
2.16
76.63
18.9
2.3
78.8
01-A11-IB
CO,
16.75
3.01
78.27
16.75
2.99
77.85
16.7
3.0
78.1
A-33
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.5
MODIFIED METHOD 5
and
EPA METHODS 1-4 FIELD SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
A-35
-------
-------
PARAMETER
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
DEFINITION OF
DEFINITION
TEST
5
TERMS
Tt(m1n.)
Dn(1n.)
Ps(in.H20)
Vm(cu.ft.)
Vw(gm.)
Pm(in.H20)
Tm(F)
Pbdn.Hg.)
% C02
% 02
% N2
SQR(DELPS)
As(sq.in.)
Ts(F)
Vm.(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
% I
% EA
DGM
Y
Pg
Cp
dH
dP
*** EPA
STANDARD
CONDITIONS
TOTAL SAMPLING TIME
SAMPLING NOZZLE DIAMETER
ABSOLUTE STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
ABSOLUTE VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLE MEASURED BY DGM
TOTAL STACK MOISTURE COLLECTED
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE OF DGM
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DGM
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF STACK GAS
OXYGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
NITROGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
AVE. SQ. ROOT OF S-PITOT DIFF. PRESSURE-TEMP. PRODUCTS
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF STACK(DUCT)
TEMPERATURE OF STACK
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED ,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. CF
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. CM
VOLUME OF WATER VAPOR IN GAS SAMPLE,STD
WATER VAPOR COMPOSITION OF STACK GAS
PROPORTION, BY VOLUME,OF DRY GAS IN GAS SAMPLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,DRY BASIS LB/LB-MOLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,WET BASIC LB/LB-MOLE
AVERAGE STACK GAS VELOCITY
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATECACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
PERCENT ISOKINETIC
PERCENT EXCESS AIR IN STACK GAS
DRY GAS METER
DRY GAS METER CORRECTION FACTOR
STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
PITOT COEFFICIENT
ORIFICE PLATE DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
PITOT DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
Temperature = 68 deg-F (528 deg-R)
Pressure = 29.92 in. Hg.
A-37
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE 01
SCRUBBER EXHAUST "A"
HR-A-9
10/08/84
1500-1920
1) Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 deg-F ,29,92 1n. Hg).
Y x Vm x CT(std) + 460] x CPb +
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE TWO
5)Average Molecular Weight of DRY stack gas :
MWd = (.44 x *C02) + (.32 x 5602) + (.28 x JEN2)
MWd = (.44 x 2.31 ) + (.32 x 18.74 } + (.28 x 78.95 ) = 29.1192
>)Average Molecular Weight of wet stack gas :
MW = MWd x Md + 18(1 - Md)
MW = 29.1192 x .9781592 + 18(1 - .9781592 ) = 28.87635
') Stack gas velocity In feet-per-mlnute (fpm) at stack conditions :
rs = KpxCp x CSQRT (dP)]{ave} x SQRT CTs {avg!3 x SQRT [I/(PsxMW)] x 60sec/m1n
Vs = 85.49 x .84 x 60 x 5.751807 x SQRTCl/( 30.40221 X 28.87635 )]
Vs = 836.4242 FPM
i) Average stack gas dry volumetric flow rate (DSCFM) :
Vs x As x Md x T(std) x Ps
144 cu.In./cu.ft. x (Ts +460) x P(std)
836.4242 x 1734.949 x .9781592 x528x 30.40221
144 x 621 x 29.92
Qsd = 8516.207 dscfm
Qsd =
Qsd =
A-39
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE THREE i
9)Isok1net1c sampling rate
Dimensional Constant C = K4 x 60 x 144 x Cl /
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE 01
SCRUBBER INLET "B"
HR-B-^9
10/08/84
1500-1934
Vm(std) =
Vm(std) =
1) Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 deg-F ,29.92 in. Hg)
Y x Vm x CT(std) + 4603 x CPb +(Pm/13.6)]
P(std) x (Tm + 460)
.9959 x 158.583 x 528 x C 30.4 + ( 1.26 /13.6)]
29.92 x ( 107.4 + 460)
Vm(std) = 149.779dscf
2) Volume of water vapor at standard conditions:"
Vw(gas) = 0.04715 cf/gm x W(l) gm
Vw(gas) = 0.04715 x 944.8 = 44.547 scf
3) Percent Moisture in stack gas :
100 x Vw(gas)
Vm(std) + Vw(gas)
100 x 44.547
= 22.92 %
149.779 + 44.547
4) Mole fraction of dry stack gas :
100 - £M 100 - 22.92
———————————— = ——«.———«—•_
100 100
J5M =
Md =
= .7707601
A-41
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE TWO
5)Average Molecular Weight of DRY stack gas :
MWd - (.44 x SC02) + (.32 x 3502) + C .28 x 56N2)
MWd ^ (.44 x 7.4 ) + (.32 x 12.2 ) + (.28 x 80.6 ) = 29.728
6)Average Molecular Weight of wet stack gas s
MW - MWd x Md + 18(1 - Md)
MW = 29.728 x .7707601 + 18(1 - .7707601 ) = 27.03948
7) Stack gas velocity 1n feet-per-m1nute (fpm) at stack conditions :
Vs s KpxCp x CSQRT (dP)]{ave) x SQRT [Ts {avg}3 x SQRT Cl/(PsxMW)] x 60sec/mii
Vs * 85.49 x .84 x 60 x 8.632847 x" SQRT[l/( 30.39265 X 27.03948 )]
Vs = 1297.527 FPM
8) Average stack gas dry volumetric flow rate (DSCFM) :
Vs x As x Md x T(std) x Ps
144 cu.1n./cu.ft. x (Ts +460) x P'Cstd)
1297.527 x 1188 x .7707601 x528x 30.39265
144 x 1206.333 x 29.92
Qsd = 3668.286 dscfm
Qsd
Qsd =
A-42
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE THREE
9)Isok1net1c sampling rate (J5) :
Dimensional Constant C = K4 x 60 x 144 x Cl / (P1 /4)l
K4 = .0945 FOR ENGLISH UNITS
1% =
1% =
EA =
C x Vm(std) x (Ts + 460)
"* ** ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ •" ^ ^ ^ ^ •• ^ *M ^ •» •• ^ ^ ^ ^ 4M •• ^
Vs x Tt x Ps x Md x (Dn)*;2
1039.574 x 149.7788 x 1206.333
^ ™* ^ *™ ^ ^ —* ^ ^ ™" ^ ^ ^ ™* ™* *" ^ ™* ^ ** ^ "• ^ •• ^ ^ ^ ^ ^> ^ ••> ^ <^ ^ ^ ^ •• «• ^
1297.527 x 270 x 30.39265 x .7707601 x< .497 )'2
1% = 92.66008
LO) Excess air (55) :
100 x *02 100 x 12.2
(.264 x SN2) - %02 (.264 x 80.6 ) - 12.2
EA = 134.38
11) Partlculate Concentration s
Cs = ( grams part.) / Vm(std) =07 149.7788
0.0000000 Grams/DSCF
T(std) x Md x Ps x Cs
P(std) x Ts
528 x .7707601 x 30.39265 x 0.0000000
29.92 x 1206.333
0.0000000 Grams/ACF
Cs x 0.002205 x Qsd x 60
O.OOOOOOOx 0.002205 x 3668.3 x 60
Cs =
Ca =
Ca =
Ca =
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-43
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
PROCESS MONITORING DATA
B-l
-------
-------
TABLE B-l. INCINERATOR FEED RATE, SCRUBBER PRESSURE DROP,
AND AUXILIARY FUEL USAGE DATA
Run No./
Time
Run 09
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Avg
Run 10
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
Avg
Run 11
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Avg
To convert
Sludge
Feed Rate
(Wet, lb/hr)a
4,100
4,100
4,100
4,100
4,100
3,800
4,050
3,500
4,300
5,000
4,900
4,100
4,360
4,600
3,900
3,800
4,000
4,500
3,800
3,700
4,043
from Ib/hr to
^ . • ._ 1 1 f\ ._
Venturi
Scrubber AP
(in. H20)D
19.3
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
16.5
16.5
17.0
17.0
18.5
17.1
19.5
20.0
19.5
19.0
19.0
19.5
18.5
19.3
kg/hr, multiply
Impingement Auxiliary Fuel
Tray Scrubber Oil Gas ,
AP (in. H20)D Gal/Hrc Cuft/hrd
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 9.3 2.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 21.3 3.4
5.0
5.0
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.5
4.8 9.1 1.8
value in Ib/hr by 0.454.
to kPa, multiply value in inH20 by 0.249.
'"To convert from gal/hr to cu meter/hr, multiply value in gal/hr by 0.00379,
n°noo5Vert from cu ft/hr to cu meter/nr> multiply value in cu ft/hr by
0.0283.
NOTE: Time = 1300 corresponds to data from 1200 to 1300.
B-3
-------
TABLE B-2. SLUDGE FEED CHARACTERISTICS
Run No.
Sludge % Solids (Wt. 55)
Sludge % Volatiles (Wt.
19.08
68
10
21.84
68
11
22.35
72
B-4
-------
TABLE B-3. HOURLY AVERAGE HEARTH TEMPERATURES DURING DIOXIN TESTS9
Time
10/8
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Avg Run #9
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
Avg Run #10
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Avg Run #11
Data shown
formula: °
#1
(°F)
691
'695
716
728
709
745
714
805
790
762
780
741
789
778
735
743
764
834
860
802
793
790
in units
C = (°F
#2
(°F)
1146
1137
1210
1225
1160
1225
1184
- 1149
1173
1179
1157
1080
1181
1153
1000
1005
1060
1245
1272
1206
1198
1141
used by host
- 32)/1.8.
#3
(°F)
1372
1364
1386
1445
1395
1472
1406
1373
1403
1440
1531
1508
1563
1470
1288
1388
1414
1488
1514
1498
1467
1437
plant.
#4
(°F)
1002
997
995
970
958
954
979
1416
1439
1461
1426
1394
1400
1423
1287
1280
1205
1110
1045
750
728
1058
To convert
#5
(°F)
364
363
363
355
345
364
359
589
604
625
642
650
651
627
525
522
497
492
462
461
405
480
from °F to
#6
(°F)
113
111
115
117
114
121
115
107
110
113
119
125
132
118
128
134
137
149
162
161
163
148
°C, use the
B-5
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE SHIPMENT LETTERS
C-l
-------
-------
October 17, 1984
Bifid™ !SsTox1em Ana"s1s Ce"<"
Bay St. Louis, MO 39529
Attention: Danny McDaniel
Subject: Tier 4-Analysis Instructions
Dear Sir:
The objective of this letter is to clarify extraction and analysis
instructions and priorities for individual samples from specific Tier 4
combustion sites. This instruction letter is *1 and pertains to EPA Site
4-P jr— The Episode fi is 2Q8b. I he shipment mne<,»g ^
3 boxes containing a total of 6l samples.
1. The following samples require immediate extraction and analysis.
System blanks from Radian-RTP laboratory including the followina
samples: 3
SCC *
DC 005223
DC 005224
DC 008301
DC 008302
DC 005JJ22
DC 008303
Fraction
Glassware Blank Extract
Filter Extract (50)
Methylene Chloride Extract
Methylene Chloride Neat
XAD Blank
Blank Filters (6)
Norfolk test samples include the following:
Radian Run * 01-1008-A9-MM5 (Total of 6 Train Components)
f Container Fraction
DC 005201
DC 005201
DC 005201
DC 005201
DC 005201
DC 005201
1
SM
2
3
4
5
Filter
XAD Module
Probe Rinse
Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
C-3
-------
Radian Run # 01-1009-A10-MM5 (Total of 6 Train Components)
2.
DC 005203
DC 005203
DC 005203
DC 005203
DC 005203
DC 005203
Radian Run #
sec #
DC 005205
DC 005205
DC 005205
DC 005205
DC 005205
DC 005205
Radian Run #
DC 005207
DC 005207
DC 005207
DC 005207
DC 005207
DC 005207
BOTTOM ASH -
DC 005209
DC 005210
DC 005211
The following
1
SM
2
3
4
5
01-1010-A11-MM5
Container
1
SM
2
3
4
5
01-1010-B12-MM5
1
SM
2
3
4
5
PROCESS SAMPLE
ND
NO
ND
aqueous samples
Filter
XAD Module
Probe Rinse
Back Half /Coil Rinse
1 Condensate
Impinger Solutions
(Total of 6 Train Components)
Fraction
Filter
XAD Module
Probe Rinse
Back Half /Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
(Total of 6 Train Components)
Filter
XAD Module
Probe Rinse
Back Half /Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Rinse
I
ASH
ASH
: ASH
need to be extracted immediately
receipt and held for analysis. The goal is to extract these samples
within 14 days of sampling. (Priority #2 Aqueous Samples)
SCC »
DC 005219
DC 005220
DC 005221
Container #
ND
ND
ND
Fraction
Scrubber Slowdown
Scrubber Slowdown
Scrubber Slowdown
C-4
-------
Radian Run # 01-1008-B9-MM5 (Total of 7 Train Components)
DC 005202
DC 005202
DC 005202
DC 005202
Radian Run
SCC #
DC 005204
DC 005204
DC 005204
DC 005204
2
3
4
5
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger
01-1009-B10-MM5 (Total of 7 Train Components/Bottles)
Container 3 Fraction
2
3
4
5
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger
Radian Run * 01-1010-B11-MM5 (Total of 7 Train Components)
DC 005206
DC 005206
DC 005206
DC 005206
2
3
4
5
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger
3. The following Priority *2 nonaqueous samples need to be held pending
the results of the Priority ?1 analysis.
SCC #
Process Samples
DC 005213
DC 005214
DC 005215
Container #
ND
ND
NO
Fraction
Sludge
Sludge
Sludge
Radian Run * 01-1008-B9-MM5 (Nonaqueous Components)
DC 005202
DC 005202
1
SM
Fi1ter
XAD Module
Radian Run # 01-1009-B10-MM5 (Nonaqueous Components)
DC 005204
DC 005204
1
SM
Filter
XAD Module
Radian Run * 01-1010-B11-MM5 (Nonaqueous Components)
DC 005206
DC 005206
1
SM
Filter
XAD Module
C-5
-------
4.
Radian Run * 01-1010-K1-AMB-XAD
DC 005212 SM XAD Module
The following samples should be held for extraction and potential
analysis pending the results of Priority »2 samples. (Priority »3
Samples)
SCC * Container # Fraction
DC 005216
DC 005217
DC 005218
ND
ND
ND
Fuel Oil
Fuel Oil
Fuel Oil
In the future, Priority #3 samples will not be shipped from the other
Tier 4 tests; these will be held at Radian Corporation until notified by
EPA.
If there are any questions concerning this sample shipment, please
contact either Bob Jongleux or Larry Keller or Radian Corporation at (919)
541-9100.
Sincerely,
TEST TEAM LEADER
10/16/84 RFJ
C-6
-------
APPENDIX D
DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR GASEOUS SAMPLES
D-l
-------
-------
TABLE D-l. DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 TRAINS
SITE SSI-A, SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION
Isomer/
Homologue
Dioxins
2378-TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDO
Hepta COD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378-TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
Amount Detected.
Run 09
30
10,044
125
0
2,239
5,330
17,768
NR
29,000
9,400
0
367
0
38,767
Picoarams
Run 10
54
9,581
248
737
1,794
3,258
15,672
NR
26,400
7,600
0
463
216
34,679
Per Samel e Train
Run 11
27
8,271
183
0
0
0
8,481
NR
30,000
9,100
438
492
0
40,030
NR = not reported by Troika.
D-3
-------
-------
APPENDIX E
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
E-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX E.I
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
SCRUBBER OUTLET EXHAUST STACK
(As-measured Concentrations)
E-3
-------
-------
TABLE E-l. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 09
SITE SSI-A (SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
. In Flue Gas
(PPt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
5.08E-03( 2.03E-03) 3.79E-04( 1.52E-04)
1 TAC « A/\ / ftl/A % ^ #»TP^ «* / tt / * <
1.70E+OOI
2.12E-02
ND
3.79E-01
9.02E-01
[ N/A )
N/A
4.06E-02
N/A
N/A )
3.01E+00
1.27E-01I
1.43E-03
NO
2.14E-02
4.72E-02
[ N/A ;
N/A
2.50E-03]
N/A ]
N/A )
1.97E-01
7.35E-02
2.46E+01
3.06E-01
ND ( 5.88E-01)
5.48E+00
1.31E+01
4.35E+01
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
,91E+00(
,59E+00(
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 9.44E-02
.21E-02I
ND
N/A )
5.65E-02)
6.56E+00
ND (
.86E-01(
.13E-<)1(
ND (
.65E-03(
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
6.06E-03)
N/A )
ND ( 3.06E-03)
5.02E-01
ND ( N/A
7.10E+01
2.30E+01
ND ( 1.37E+00)
8.99E-01
ND ( 8.18E-01)
9.49E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions
ND
N/A
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
6000 operating hours per year
ng
E-5
-------
TABLE E-2. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 10
SITE SSI-A' (SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
9.12E-03(
1.62E+00(
4.19E-02?
1.24E-01(
3.03E-OH
5.50E-01(
2.65E+00
ND
4.46E+00
1.28E+00
ND
7.82E-02
3.65E-02
5.86E+00
1.69E-03
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.30E-02
N/A
2.42E-02
6.81E-04(
1.21E-OK
2.83E-03J
7.66E-03(
1.72E-02(
2.88E-02(
1.78E-01
) NO (
) 3.51E-01?
) 9.08E-CI2J
NO (
4.60E-03(
1.98E-03(
4.48E-01
1.26E-04
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A ]
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.68E-03
N/A
1.31E-03
1.33E-01
2.37E+01
6.12E-01
1.82E+00
4.43E+00
8.04E+00
3.87E+01
ND ( N/A
6.52E+01
1.88E+01
ND ( 1.07E+00)
1.14E+00
) 5.33E-01
8.56E+01
I
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses). ...... .
N/A - Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g .
ppt - parts per trillion, dry volume basis
6000 operating hours per year
E-6
-------
TABLE E-3. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 11
SITE SSI-A (SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
4.49E-03
1.38E+00
NO
1.10E-01
4.13E-01
9.78E-01I
1.50E-03)
N/A )
3.04E-02
N/A
N/A
[ N/A )
2.88E+00
3.36E-04( 1.12E-04)
( N/A
1.03E-01
NO (
6.75E-03J
2.34E-02(
5.11E-02(
1.84E-01
2.06E-03
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.11E-02
1.87E+01
ND ( 4.14E-01)
1
5,
49E+00
62E+00
1.33E+01
3.92E+01
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
4.99E+00(
.51E+OOJ
.29E-02(
1.
7.
8.19E-02I
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 4.11E-02)
6.66E+00
ND (
3.92E-01(
1.07E-OH
4.68E-03J
4.81E-03(
ND (
5.09E-01
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
2.23E-03)
ND ( N/A
6.79E+01
2.06E+01
9.91E-01
1.11E+00
ND ( 5.59E-01)
9.06E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion,-dry volume basis
6000 operating hours per year
E-7
-------
-------
APPENDIX E.2
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
SCRUBBER OUTLET EXHAUST STACK
(Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
E-9
-------
-------
TABLE E-4. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 09
SITE SSI-A (SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm § 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
4.04E-02(
1.35E+OH
1.68E-01(
3.
7,
1.62E-02
N/A
N/A
ND ( 3.23E-01;
02E+00(
18E+00(
2.39E+01
N/A
N/A
i
3.02E-03( 1.21E-03)
1.
1,
1
3
01E+OOI
14E-C)2(
ND (
71E-01(
76E-()1(
1.57E+00
N/A
N/A
1.99E-02)
N/A )
N/A )
7.35E-02
2.46E+01
3.06E-01
ND ( 5.88E-01)
5.48E+00
1.31E+01
4.35E+01
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
3.91E+OH
1.27E+01(
ND (
4.95E-OH
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.52E-01
N/A
ND ( 4.50E-01)
5.22E+01
ND
3.07E+00
8.96E-01
ND
2.91E-02
ND
N/A )
N/A
N/A )
4.82E-02)
; N/A )
; 2.44E-02)
4.00E+00
ND ( N/A )
7.10E+01
2.30E+01
ND ( 1.37E+00)
8.99E-01
ND ( 8.18E-01)
9.49E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
ND
N/A
ng
ug
PPt
6000 operating hours per year
E-ll
-------
TABLE E-5. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 10
SITE SSI-A (SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
7.78E-02(
1.38E+OH
3.57E-01(
1.06E+00(
2.59E+00(
4.69E+00(
2.26E+01
ND (
3.80E+OH
1.10E+01(
ND (
6.67E-OK
3.11E-01(
5.00E+01
1.44E-02)
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A J
N/A ]
N/A ;
N/A
6.23E-01'
N/A ;
2.06E-01
5.81E-03I
1.03E+OOI
2.41E-02
6.53E-02I
1.46E-01
2.46E-01
1.52E+00
ND
2.99E+00
7.75E-01
ND
3.92E-02
1 1.69E-02!
3.82E+00
[ 1.08E-03)
N/A
N/A )
; N/A )
; N/A )
[ N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
3.99E-02)
N/A )
1.12E-02)
1.33E-01
2.37E+01
6.12E-01
1.82E+00
4.43E+00
8.04E+00
3.87E+01
ND ( N/A )
6.52E+01
1.88E+01
ND ( 1.07E+00)
1.14E+00
5.33E-01
8.56E-H01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND » not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A " Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng =* 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
ppt - parts per trillion, dry volume basis
6000 operating hours per year
E-12
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TABLE E-6. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 11
SITE SSI-A (SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isotner
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
1.90E-02( 6.34E-03
.83E+00
NO (
4.64E-01(
1.75E+00(
4.14E+00(
1.22E+01
N/A
1.29E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.42E-03( 4.74E-04
,35E-01(
NO (
,86E-02(
,90E-Q2(
.17E-Q1(
7.81E-01
N/A
8.71E-03
N/A
N/A
N/A
t
6.11E-02
1.87E+01
ND ( 4.14E-01)
1.49E+00
5.62E+00
1.33E+01
3.92E+01
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
2.11E+OH
6.41E+00(
3.09E-01(
3.47E-01(
2.82E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 1.74E-01]
ND (
1.66E+OOJ
4.54E-CU(
1.98E-CI2(
2.04E-02(
ND (
2.16E+CIO
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9.43E-03)
ND ( N/A )
6.79E+01
2.06E+01
9.91E-01
1.11E+00
ND ( 5.59E-01)
9.06E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND » not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
6000 operating hours per year
E-13
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-------
APPENDIX F
RUN-SPECIFIC RISK MODELING INPUT DATA
SCRUBBER OUTLET EXHAUST STACK
F-l
-------
-------
TABLE F-l. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 9, SITE SSI-A
(SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
Stack Height (From Grade Level) - 22 m
Stack Diameter (ID) - 1.2 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) - 241 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 345 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) » 255 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
Relative
Potency
Factor
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
ND
NO
ND
5.08E-03
1.70E+00
( N/A )
4.91E+00
2.12E-02
1.59E+00
( 4.06E-02)
( 9.44E-02)
3.79E-01
6.21E-02
02E-01
7.35E-02
2.46E+01
ND ( N/A )
7.10E+01
3.06E-01
2.30E+Q1
ND ( 5.88E-01)
ND ( 1.37E+00)
5.48E+00
8.99E-01
1.31E+01
ND ( 5.65E-02) ND ( 8.18E-01)
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
1.000 4.41E-01
•010 1.48E+00
.100 ND ( N/A )
.001 4.26E-01
.500 9.18E-01
.100 1.38E+01
.040 ND ( 1.41E-01)
.010 ND ( 8.20E-02)
.001 3.29E-02
•001 5.39E-03
.000 .OOE+00
.000 ND ( .OOE+00)
1.71E+01
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
F-3
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TABLE F-2. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 10, SITE SSI-A
(SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
Stack Height (From Grade Level) - 22 m
Stack Diameter (ID) » 1.2 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) - 244 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 356 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) » 266 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
• Isomer
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
Relative
Potency
Factor
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
ND
ND
9.
1.
4.
4.
1.
1,
3,
7.
5.
12E-03
62E+00
N/A
46E+00
19E-02
28E+00
24E-01
7.30E-02)
03E-01
82E-02
50E-01
) ND
ND
3.65E-02
1.33E-01
2.37E+01
( N/A
6.52E+01
6.12E-01
1.88E+01
1.82E+00
( 1.07E+00)
4.43E+00
1.14E+00
8.04E+00
5.33E-01
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
8.00E-01
1.42E+00
ND ( N/A
3.91E-01
1.84E+00
1.13E+01
4.37E-01
ND
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
( 6.40E-02)
2.66E-02
6.86E-03
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
1.62E+01
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
6000 operating hours per year
F-4
-------
TABLE F-3. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 11, SITE SSI-A
(SCRUBBER OUTLET LOCATION)
22 m
Stack Height (From Grade Level) -
Stack Diameter (ID) - 1.2 m
nil! ras ?°* ?ate (Dry Standard)
Flue Gas Exit Temperature « 353 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) - 262 mpm
227 dscmm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
4.49E-03
1.38E+00
NO ( N/A )
4.99E+00
ND ( 3.04E-02)
1.51E+00
1.10E-01
7.29E-02
4.13E-01
8.19E-02
9.78E-01
ND ( 4.11E-02)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
6.11E-02
1.87E+01
ND ( N/A )
6.79E+01
NO ( 4.14E-01)
2.06E+01
1.49E+00
9.91E-01
5.62E+00
1.11E+00
1.33E+01
ND ( 5.59E-01)
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
3.67E-01
1.12E+00
ND ( N/A )
4.07E-01
ND ( 1.24E+00)
1.24E+01
3.58E-01
5.95E-02
3.37E-02
6.68E-03
.OOE+00
ND ( .OOE+00)
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
1.47E+01
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
per3year2° C) temperature and l atmosphere pressure.
F-5
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
•RgP°ETPA^450/4-84-014j
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources
Final Test Report - Site 1
Sewage Sludge Incinerator SSI•- A
5. REPORT OAT
ORT DATE „_
April 1987
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Lawrence E. Keller, Candace R. Blackley and
Robert F. Jongleux
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
87-231-056-12-41
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
Post Office Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-03-3148
.2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS .,».„„„
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 and
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE OF REAORT.AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
^.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES _ , , _. , -.„„
EPA Project Officers: Donald Oberacker, ORD
William B. Kuykendal, OAQPS
This report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan emissions test of a multiple hearth
sewage sludge incinerator equipped with a wet scrubber system for particulate emissions
control. The test was the first in a series of thirteen dioxin/furan emissions tests
conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The primary objective of Tier 4
is to determine if various combustion sources are sources of dioxin and/or furan emis-
sions. If any of the combustion sources are found to emit dioxin or furan, the secon-
dary objective of Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions.
Sewage sludge incinerators are one of eight combustion sources categories tested in the
Tier 4 program. The tested incinerator was included in the Tier 4 study because it
was considered to be fairly typical of the multiple hearth sewage sludge incineration
source category.
Data presented in the report include dioxin (tetra through octa homologue +2378 TCDD)
and furan (tetra through octa homologue +2378 TCDD) results for both stack samples and
ash samples. In addition, process data collected during sampling are also presented.
7.
KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Emissions
Combustion Sources
Dioxin
Furans
2,3,7,8 Te trachlorodibenz o-p-dioxin
Sewage Sludge Incinerator
Incineration
Air Pollution Emissions
Data
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
186
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Pefm 2220-1 (R*v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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