National Dioxin Study Tier 4 Combustion Sources, Final Test Report, Site 4


                                                  EPA-450/4-84-014m
       NATIONAL  DIOXIN STUDY
TIER  4 —  COMBUSTION SOURCES

         Final Test Report — Site 4
       Black Liquor Boiler BLB  —  A
                             By

                        Lawrence E. Keller
                        Dennis R. Knisley
                        Robert F. Jongleux

                        Radian Corporation
               Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

                    Contract Number: 68-03-3148

                   Donald Oberacker, Project Officer
             Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
                 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                      Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
                 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                    Office Of Air And Radiation
               Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
               Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

                            And

                 Office Of Research And Development
                      Washington DC 20460

                          April 1987

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This report has been reviewed by the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication as received from the
contractor. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Agency, neither does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                               EPA-450/4-84-014m

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                         FOREWORD

     This  report is  the result  of a  cooperative effort
between the Office of Research and Development's Hazardous
Waste  Engineering  Research  Laboratory  (HWERL)  and  the
Office of  Air Quality Planning  and  Standard's Monitoring
and Data Analysis Division (MDAD).  The overall management
of Tier 4  of the National Dioxin  Study was the responsi-
bility  of  MDAD.   In  addition,  MDAD  provided  technical
guidance  for  the  source  test  covered  by  this  report.
HWERL  was  directly  responsible  for  the  management  and
technical  direction of the source test.
                          ill

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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
                                                                          Page
  1.0  INTRODUCTION	j.j

  2.0  SUMMARY	2-1
       2.1  Source Sampling and Analysis Overview	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.   2-1
       2.2  Summary of Results	2-4

  3.0  PROCESS DESCRIPTION 	   3_1
       3.1  Facility Description	'.'.'.'.   3-1
       3.2  Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Description 	  .  .     3-3
       3.3  Electrostatic Precipitator Description	   3-5

  4.0  TEST DESCRIPTION	   4-1
       4.1  Field Sampling	.  .         4-1
       4.2  Process Data Collection	       4-5
       4.3  Laboratory Analyses".	''.'.'.'.'.   4-6
            4.3.1  Dioxin/Furan Analyses	  .  .  .  .   4-6
            4.3.2  Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analyses ...........   4-7
            4.3.3  Total  Chloride Analyses .  .	[   4.7

  5.0  TEST RESULTS	         5.!
       5.1  Process Data 	  .........   5-1
            5.1.1  Black Liquor Boiler Operating Data.  ........     5-1
            5.1.2  Electrostatic Precipitator Operating Data 	   5-7
       5.2  Flue  Gas  Parameter Data	5.9
       5.3  Continuous Emissions Monitoring  Data	  .  .  .  .   5-9
       5.4  MM5 Dioxin/Furan  Emissions Data	.'!.'!.'   5-12
            5.4.1  Electrostatic Precipitator Inlet	'.'.'.'.   5-12
            5.4.2  Electrostatic Precipitator Outlet	...'].'   5-27
            5.4.3  Reduction  of Dioxin/Furan  Concentrations  Due
                     to the ESP	5.34
            5.4.4  Economizer Ash Results	'.'.'.'.'.'.'   5-34
       5.5  Black Liquor  Precursor Data	5.35
       5.6  Auxiliary Process Sample Analyses	!.""'*'   5-36
       5.7  HC1 Train Chloride Emissions Data	   5-40

  6.0   SAMPLING LOCATIONS  AND PROCEDURES 	   6-1
       6.1   Gaseous Sampling  	  ......   6-1
            6.1.1   Gaseous  Sampling Locations	   6-1
                   6.1.1.1  Electrostatic Precipitator
                              Outlet Exhaust  Stack 	   6-1
                   6.1.1.2  Black Liquor Boiler  Outlet  	   6-3
            6.1.2   Gaseous  Sampling Procedures 	               5.3
                  6.1.2.1  Modified Method 5 (MM5)	             6-3
                  6.1.2.2  HC1 Determination	6-10
                  6.1.2.3  Volumetric Gas Flow  Rate Determination  ...   6-11
                  6.1.2.4  Flue  Gas Moisture Determination	6-11
                  6.1.2.5  Flue  Gas Molecular Weight Determination.  .  .   6-11
                  6.1.2.6  Continuous Monitors	6-12

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (cont'd.)
 Section
   6.0  SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES (cont'd.)
        6.2  Liquid Sampling	6-12
             6*2.1  Strong Black Liquor Circuit Sampling	6-12
             6.2.2  Auxiliary Black Liquor Circuit Sampling 	   6-13
        6.3  Solid Sampling	6-13
             6.3.1  By-product Salt Cake Sampling	'.'.'.'.   6-14
             6.3.2  Soil  Sampling	6-14

   7.0  ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 	   7-1
        7.1  Dioxins/Furans	[  [   j.\
        7.2  Dioxin/Furan Precursors	    .....   ^
             7.2.1  GC/MS Analyses	'.'.',   7.2
                    7.2.1.1  Sample Preparation ....  	   7-2
                    7.2.1.2  Analysis 	   7.5
        7.3  Total  Chlorine Analyses	7.7

   8.0  QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)  	   8-1
        8.1  Manual  Gas Sampling	8-1
        8.2  Continuous Monitoring/Molecular Weight Determination  .  .  .  .   8-5
        8.3  Laboratory Analyses	8-8
             8.3.1   Dioxin/Furan  Analyses	[   8-8
                    8.3.1.1  Surrogate  Recoveries  of the Test  Samples  .  .   8-8
                    8.3.1.2  Sample Blanks	8-8
             8.3.2   Precursor Analyses	8-11
             8.3.3   Total  Chloride Analysis  	   8-11

Appendix A   Field  Sampling Data
         A.I   Modified Method 5  and EPA Methods  1-4 Field  Results.  ...   A-l
         A.2   Continuous  Emission Monitoring Results 	   A-15
         A.3   HC1 Train  Results	'.'.'.   A-21


Appendix B  Process Monitoring Data
         B.I   Hourly Average  Values of Boiler Operating Parameters  ...   B-l
         B.2   Plant Computer  Output of Process Data	     B-ll
         B.3   Electrostatic Precipitator Electrical  Data .....         B-ll
         B.4   Daily Calibration  Data for Plant-Maintained  TRS
                and Oy Monitors	B-15

Appendix C  Sample Shipment Letter  	  ...   c_l

Appendix D  Dioxin/Furan Analytical  Data for  MM5 Sample Trains  	   D-l

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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                   (cont'd.)
Section
                                                                           Page
Appendix E  Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emission Data
         E.I  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the ESP  Inlet
              (As-measured Concentration;?)-. ~. .  . .	E.J
         E.2  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the'ESp'outlet
              (As-measured Concentrations)	 .  	  £.7
         E.3  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the ESP*Inlet'
              (Concentrations Corrected to  3 Percent Oxygen) 	  E-13
         E.4  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the ESP  Outlet
              (Concentrations Corrected to  3 Percent Oxygen) 	  E-19

Appendix F  Run-Specific Risk Modeling Input Data	F-l

Appendix G  Error Analysis of Control Device Efficiency Calculations  . .  G-l
                                      vn

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                                LIST OF FIGURES


Figures •
                                                                          Page
  2-1    Simplified process flow diagram of black liquor recovery
           boiler system BLB-A	  f ...."..  2-2

  2-2    Data summary for Site BLB-A.  .	2-5

  3-1    Process flow diagram for Site BLB-A.	3.4

  4-1    Sample point diagram for black liquor recovery boiler system
           BLB-A	  4-4

  5-1    Continuously monitored boiler operating parameters  during
           Run 01 .	  5-3

  5-2    Continuously monitored boiler operating parameters  during
           Run 02	  5-4

  5-3    Continuously monitored boiler operating parameters  during
           Run 03	    5-5

  5-4    Oxygen concentration fiistory  at the electrostatic
           precipitator inlet location	5.14

  5-5    Carbon monoxide concentration history at the  electrostatic
           precipitator inlet location	5.15

  5-6    Carbon dioxide concentration  history  at the electrostatic
           precipitator inlet location	5.15

  5-7    Total  hydrocarbon  concentration history at the electrostatic
           precipitator inlet location	5.17

  5-8    Nitrogen oxides concentration history at the  electrostatic
           precipitator inlet location	5-18

  5-9    Sulfur dioxide concentration  history  at the electrostatic
           precipitator inlet location	5.19

  5-10    Dioxin and furan homologue distributions of the electrostatic
           precipitator inlet emissions  for Site BLB-A.  . .  .	5-25

  5-11    Dioxin and furan homologue distributions of the electrostatic
           precipitator outlet emissions for Site BLB-A 	  5-32

  6-1     Dimensions of electrostatic precipitator outlet exhaust  stack.  .  6-2

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                                LIST OF FIGURES
                                   (Cont'd.)
Figures
  6-2
  6-3
  6-4
  6-5
  6-6
                                                                        Page
       Schematic diagram of black liquor boiler outlet ductwork .  .  .  .6-4
       Dimensions of black liquor boiler outlet sampling location  .  .  .6-5
       Modified Method 5 Train	   . 6.8
       Adsorbent sampling system	  6-9
       Soil sampling locations at Site BLB-A	6-15
7-1    Sample preparation flow diagram for Site BLB-A precursor
         analyses	^	      7_3

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                                LIST OF TABLES
Table

 2-1

 2-2

 3-1


 4-1

 5-1


 5-2


 5-3

 5-4


 5-5


 5-6


 5-7


 5-8


 5-9


 5-10

 5-11



 5-12



 5-13
                                                                  Page

Source Sampling  and Analysis Overview  	 2-3

Summary of Mean  Dioxin  and  Furan Emissions Data for Site BLB-A.  . 2-6

Typical Process  Flow Rates  of Various  Pulp Mill Materials
  at Site BLB-A	3.2

Source Sampling  and Analysis Matrix for Site BLB-A	4-2

Mean Values of Various  Boiler Operating Parameters Monitored
  by the Host Plant at  Site BLB-A	5-2

Summary of Plant-Maintained Electrostatic Precipitator
  Operating Data for Site BLB-A	5.3

Flue Gas Parameters at  Site BLB-A  . .  .	5-10

Mean Values and Standard Deviations of Continously Monitored
  Combustion Gases during Dioxin/Furan Tests at Site BLB-A. .  .  . 5-11

Comparison of Measured  Oxygen Concentration Values
  (Various Locations and Methods)  .	5_13

Overview of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Concentration Data for
  Site BLB-A (Electrostatic Precipitator Inlet) 	 5-20

Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Rate Data for Site BLB-A
  (Electrostatic Precipitator Inlet)	5_2i

Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data for Site BLB-A Inlet
  (As-measured concentrations). .  	 5_23

Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data for Site BLB-A Inlet
  (Concentrations corrected to 3 percent oxygen)	5-24

Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors for Site BLB-A Inlet	5-26

Overview of Dioxin and  Furan Emissions Concentration Data for
  Site BLB-A (Electrostatic Precipitator Outlet)	5-28

Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Rate Data for Site BLB-A
  (Electrostatic Precipitator Outlet)  	 5-29

Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data for Site BLB-A Outlet
  (As-measured concentrations)	5.30

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                                LIST OF TABLES
                                   (cont'd.)
Table                                                                     paqe
 5-14   Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data for Site BLB-A Outlet
          (Concentrations corrected to 3 percent oxygen)	5-31
 5-15   Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors for Site BLB-A Outlet 	5-33
 5-16   Measured ESP Removal Efficiencies at Site BLB-A	 .  .5-35
 5-17   Summary of Dioxin Precursor Data for Site BLB-A Feed Samples. .  .5-37
 5-18   Total  Chloride Analyses of the Black Liquor Samples for
          Site BLB-A	5.38
 5-19   Total  Chloride Analyses of Auxiliary Liquor Circuit Samples at   '
          Site BLB-A (ug/g as Cl")	,5.39
 5-20   HC1  Train Chloride Emissions Data for Site BLB-A at the
          Electrostatic Precipitator Outlet	5-41
 6-1     Summary of Gas Sampling Methods for Site BLB-A	6-6
 6-2     Descriptions of Soil Sampling Locations at Site BLB-A	;6-16
 7-1     Instrument Conditions for GC/MS Precursor Analyses	j-6
 7-2     Components of the Calibration Solution	7-8
 8-1     Glassware Precleaning Procedure 	  8-3
 8-2     Summary of Isokinetics  Results  for  MM5 Sampling Trains
          for  Site BLB-A	;  .  !	8-4
 8-3     Summary of Drift Check  and Quality  Control  Standard  Results
          for  Site BLB-A	8-6
 8-4     Percent Surrogate Recoveries  for Site  BLB-A
          Dioxin/Furan Analyses  	 8-9
8-5    Analysis Results  for Quality  Control Samples	8-10
8-6    Field  Blank Dioxin/Furan Data for Site  BLB-A MM5 Samples	8-12
8-7    Percent Surrogate Recoveries  for Site  BLB-A Feed Samples	3-13
                                      xn

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                              1.0  INTRODUCTION

     This report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furana emissions test of
a black liquor recovery boiler equipped with a wet-bottom electrostatic
precipitator for particulate matter emissions control.   Black liquor recovery
boilers are used at Kraft pulp mills to produce process steam and to reclaim
inorganic chemicals from spent wood pulping liquors.. -The test is the fourth
in a series of several dioxin/furan emissions tests being conducted under
Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study.  The primary objective of Tier 4 is to
determine if various combustion sources are sources of dioxin and/or furan
emissions.  If any of the combustion sources are found to emit dioxin or
furan, the secondary objective of Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions.
     Black liquor recovery boilers are one of 16 combustion source categories
being considered in the Tier 4 program.  The tested black liquor boiler,
hereafter referred to as boiler BLB-A, was selected for this test after an
initial  information screening and a one-day pretest survey visit.
Boiler BLB-A is considered representative of new black liquor recovery
boilers  built in the last 5 to 10 years.  The amount of chlorides present in
the black liquor circuit at this site  is typical of that found at other
Kraft pulp mills.
     This test  report  is organized  as  follows.  A  summary of test results and
conclusions  is  provided  in Section  2.0, followed by a detailed process
description  in  Section 3.0.  The source sampling and analysis plan  is out-
lined  in Section 4.0,  and the dioxin test data are presented in Section 5.0.
Sections 6.0 through  9.0 present various testing details.  These include
descriptions of the sampling locations and procedures  (Section 6.0),
descriptions of the analytical procedures  (Section 7.0), and a summary of
the quality  assurance/quality control  results  (Section 8.0).  The appendices
contain  data generated during the field sampling and analytical activities.
  The term "dioxin/furan"  and the  acronyms  PCDD  and  PCDF  as  used  in  this  report
  refer to the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin  and  dibenzofuran  homologues
  with four or more chlorine atoms.
                                         1-1

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                                 2.0  SUMMARY
2.1  SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
     The host plant (Site 04) is a Kraft pulp mill that produces pulp and
paper products.  Black liquor recovery boiler BLB-A combusts concentrated
spent liquor from the pulping process and recovers the inorganic chemicals
used to produce pulp from wood chips.  Particulate matter emissions from black
liquor boiler BLB-A are controlled by a wet bottom electrostatic precipitator.
A simplified process flow diagram of the system is shown in Figure 2-1.
     The gaseous, liquid, and solid sampling performed during the test program
is summarized in Table 2-1.  Sampling for dioxin and furan was performed
simultaneously at the electrostatic precipitator outlet exhaust stack and the
electrostatic precipitator inlet location (i.e., black liquor boiler outlet)
in each of a series of three test runs conducted on December 11 through 14,
1984.  The dioxin/furan sampling was based on the October 1984 draft of the
Modified Method 5  (MM5) procedure developed by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers  (ASME)  for measuring emissions of chlorinated organic
compounds from municipal waste incinerators.  Modifications to the ASME
protocol are discussed  in Section 6.  MM5 train components and train rinses
were  analyzed  for  dioxins and furans by  EMSL-TRP  and ECL-BSL, two of three EPA
laboratories collectively known as Troika.  The dioxin/furan analysis
quantified the 2378-TCDD* isomer  and the tetra- through octa- dioxin/furan
homoloques present in the samples.
      Dioxin/furan  and dioxin/furan precursor  analyses were performed on
samples  of the concentrated  black liquor fed  to the boiler.  The black liquor
dioxin/furan analyses weire performed by  EPA  ECL-BSL and EMSL-RTP laboratories,
and  the  dioxin precursor analyses were performed  by Radian.  The specific
dioxin precursors  analyzed for were  chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes,
polychlorinated  biphenyls, and total chlorine.  Samples of  black liquor
circuit  intermediates (caustic, white  liquor,  and weak  black liquor)  and  C102
 *The terms TCDD and TCDF as used in this report refer to tetrachloro
  dibenzo-p-dioxin and tetrachlorodibenzo furan.
                                       2-1

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              TABLE 2-1.   SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
          Item
                 Item Description
1.  Number of test runs

2.  Gaseous Sampling
 3.   Liquid  Sampling
 4.   Solids Sampling
-  Three identical test runs-{Runs-1-,-2,  3).

-  MM5 sampling at black liquor boiler outlet
   and ESP outlet exhaust stack (Runs 1,  2, 3),
   Dioxin/furan analysis.

-  EPA Refernce Methods 2 and 4 at black liquor
   boiler outlet and ESP outlet exhaust stack
   (Runs 1, 2, 3). Gas velocity and moisture.

-  Integrated bag sampling at black liquor boiler
   outlet and ESP outlet exhaust stack
   (Runs 1, 2, 3).  C02, 02, N2 analysis for
   molecular weight determination.

-  HC1 sampling at ESP Outlet exhaust stack
   (Runs 1, 2, 3). HC1 analysis.

-  Continuous monitoring of CO, C02, 02, S02,
   and NO  , total hydrocarbons at DlacR liquor
   boiler outlet  (Runs 1, 2, 3).

 -  Strong black liquor sampling3  (Runs 1,  2, 3,).
   Dioxin/furan analysis, dioxin/furan precursor
   analysis,  and  total chlorine analysis.

 -  Caustic  sampling  (Runs 1, 2, 3). Total
   chlorine analysis.

 -  White liquor sampling (Runs  1, 2, 3).
   Total chlorine analysis.

 -  Weak black liquor sampling  (Runs  1, 2,  3).
   Total chlorine analysis.

 -  C10? generation  system by-product  salt  cake
   sampling (Runs 1,  2,  3).  Total  chlorine
   analysis.

 -  Soil  sampling3 (one composite  sample  from 10
   locations).   Potential dioxin/furan  analysis.
 aSample(s) to be analyzed pending evaluation of the dioxin/furan emissions
  data from the MM5 sampling train.
                                       2-3
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generation system by-product salt cake that is fed to the black liquor circuit
were taken and analyzed by Radian for total chlorine.  The total chlorine
analyses of these streams were used to quantify the major chlorine inputs to
the black liquor circuit.  A single composite soil sample was also taken, but
analysis of this sample was deferred..pending .evaluation of the dioxin/furan
emissions data.
     Continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) was performed at the electrostatic
precipitator inlet location for CO, C02, NOX, S02, total hydrocarbons (THC),
and 02.  Total reduced sulfur (TRS) monitoring data taken regularly by the
plant at the ESP outlet exhaust stack were also obtained.  Plant personnel\
calibrated the TRS monitoring instrument daily during the test program.  The
continuous monitoring data were used in conjunction with process data to
document the stability of combustion conditions during the test.

2.2  SUMMARY OF RESULTS
                                                                           i
     The data obtained at Site BLB-A during the Tier 4 test program are
summarized in Figure 2-2.  Only the hepta- and octa-CDD species were
consistently detected in the stack gas at the outlet from the ESP.  For the
furan species, the tetra-, hexa-, hepta- and octa-CDF homologues were      I
consistently detected in the ESP outlet gas stream.  As shown in Table 2-2,
average as-measured stack gas concentrations of the total PCDD and total
PCDF at the ESP outlet were 0.67 ng/dscm and 0.51 ng/dscm, respectively.   I
The average hourly emission rates were 150 ug/hr for total PCDD and 114 ug/hr
for total PCDF.  Octa-CDD was the most prevalent of the tetra- through     |
octa-chlorinated dioxin homologues, while the furans were fairly evenly
distributed among the tetra- through octa-chlorinated furan homologues.  The
                                                                           i
ESP appeared to have positive control for reducing dioxin/furan emissions
although analytical uncertainties inherent in GC/MS analysis limited the
ability to quantify the control efficiency accurately.                     !
     Analysis of the flue gas samples taken at the ESP inlet did not detect
any 2378 TCDD or 2378 TCDF.  Detectable quantities of PCDD and PCDF homologues
were found in the inlet flue gas to the ESP.  Average as-measured stack gas
concentrations of total PCDD and total PCDF at the ESP inlet were 1.59 ng/dscm
                                      2-4
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  TABLE 2-2.  SUMMARY OF MEAN DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE BLB-A

Parameter
INLET:
Emissions Concentration (ng/dscm)
As-measured
Corrected to 3% 02
Emissions Rate (ug/hr)
OUTLET:
Emissions Concentration (ng/dscm)
As-measured
Corrected to 3% 02
Emissions Rate (ug/hr)
2378 TCDDa Total PCDD Total PCDF


ND 1.59 1.31
1.79 1.47
i
339 283


ND 0.67 0.51
0.75 0.57
150 114 ;
 Values in parenthesis are detection limits expressed in the corresponding
 units.

ND - Not detected.
                                      2-6
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and 1.31 ng/dscm respectively.  The hourly emission rates were 339 ug/hr for
total PCDD and 283 ug/hr for total PCDF.  The octa-chlorinated dioxin
homologue was the predominant dioxin species while the furan species were
distributed fairly evenly among the tetra- through hepta-CDF homologues.
     Chloride -emissions -at7 the ESP xrutlet were measured-•-at-98-.l~mg/dscm'j -"
which corresponds to 110.4 ng/dscm @ 3% 02.  The average chlorides emission
factor was calculated to be 615.7 mg chloride emitted per kilogram of black
liquor fired on a dry basis.
     The black liquor feed rate to Boiler BLB-A was 395 gpm during the test
period.  Precursor analysis of the black liquor did not detect chlorobenzenes
or polychlorinated biphenyls.  A trace amount of chlorophenols were detected,
and the black liquor contained 896 ppm of total chlorides.
     The ESP treated an average of 3,600 dscmm at a temperature of 178°C.  At
the ESP outlet, the measured  flowrate was 3,700 dscmm at a temperature of
173°C.  Average flue gas concentrations measured at the ESP outlet by the
Radian continuous emissions monitoring system were: 02, 6.0 vol%; C02,
15.6 vol% 0 3% 02 (dry); CO,  136.4 ppmv 0 3% 02; THC, 3.5 ppmv 0 3% 02, wet;
S02, 94.4 ppmv 0 3% 02> dry;  and NOX, 83.2 ppmv @ 3% 02, dry.
                                       2-7
-------
-------
                          3.0  PROCESS DESCRIPTION

     This section describes the host site and the black liquor recovery
boiler/electrostatic precipitator system tested.  Data summarizing the
operation of the boiler and the precipitator during the test periods are
presented in Section 5.0.

3.1  FACILITY DESCRIPTION
     The host plant (Site 04) is a typical Kraft pulp and paper mill with a
rated capacity of 855 Mg/day (940 TPD) of air-dried pulp.  The plant maintains
three black liquor recovery boilers with rated capacities of 365 Mg/day (400
TPD), 590 Mg/day (650 TPD), and 815 Mg/day (900 TPD) of air-dried, unbleached
pulp.  Two of the three black liquor boilers were operating during the
dioxin/furan tests, while the third was being modified for future use.  These
boilers are typically base-loaded.  Two combination boilers firing bark, wood
refuse, and non-condensible gases from the black liquor evaporators are
swing-loaded to cover variations in process steam demand.
     Pine logs and pine wood chips are transported to Site BLB-A by truck. To
the best knowledge of plant personnel, none of the wood processed in the
pulping circuit has been stored in salt water or treated with pentachloro-
phenol  (PCP).  Approximately 80 digester batches per day are processed in the
10 digesters at the pulping plant.  Each batch consists of 55 Mg  (60 tons) of
wood chips, 42 cubic meters  (1500 ft  ) of white liquor, and a small amount of
weak black liquor.
     The contents  of the finished digester batches  are sent to a  "blow tank"
for  intermittent storage and then to  a countercurrent  "brown stock washer"
system.  Pulp  is separated  from the rest  of the finished digestor batch  in
the  brown  stock washers.  Dirty water from the  brown stock washers  (i.e.,
weak black liquor)  is  sent  to  an  evaporator  system  for solids concentration
prior  to being fired  in  the black liquor  boiler.  Typical process flow rates
of various streams in  the  pulp mill circuit  are shown  in Table 3-1.
                                       3-1
-------
             TABLE 3-1.  TYPICAL PROCESS FLOW RATES OF VARIOUS
                         PULP MILL MATERIALS AT SITE BLB-A
     Material
Process Flow
    Rate
Other Information
-By-pro'duct salt cake
-White liquor
-Weak black liquor
-Strong black liquor
-Caustic
24 tons/day


620 gpm


1800-2000 gpm


395 gpma


15-30 gpm
Predominantly sodium
sulfate

Sodium sulfide/
sodium hydroxide :

18 wt % solids   !
density 8.7 Ib/gal

65 wt % solids   i
density 11.8 Ib/g'al

20% Sodium Hydroxide
a.  No. 3 recovery boiler (BLB-A), 260 gpm; No. 1 recovery boiler, 135 gpm.

b.  Caustic flow rate during tests was 25-30 gpm.
                                      3-2
-------
     Cleaned pulp from the brown stock washer is bleached,  pressed,  and
rolled into a variety of paper products.   Bleaching is performed using
chlorine dioxide (C102), which is produced on-site using the the R3  process.
Approximately 22 Mg/day (24 tons/day) of by-product salt cake (predominantly
sodium sulfate^-NagSQf) .from..this process .is fed to the black Jiquor circuit^,
as a make-up material for sodium and sulfur losses.  According to plant
personnel, the atomic chlorine content of the by-product salt cake ranges from
approximately 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent.   Most of this chlorine is present in
the form of chloride ion.

3.2  BLACK LIQUOR RECOVERY BOILER DESCRIPTION
     Black liquor recovery boiler BLB-A is a low odor Babcock and Mil cox
recovery boiler with a  rated capacity of 815 Mg/day (900-TPD) unbleached pulp.
A schematic diagram of  the pulping process is shown in Figure 3-1.  The boiler
is typically baseloaded and operates at a steady black liquor firing rate.
Particulate matter emissions from the boiler are controlled by a wet bottom
electrostatic precipitator.
     The solids content of the concentrated black liquor fired in Boiler BLB-A
is approximately 65 percent by weight.  Concentration of the weak black liquor
produced by the brown  stock washers  is accomplished using a three-stage
multiple effect evaporator system and a "concentrator," which is essentially a
large  single stage evaporator.  Noncondensible gases collected by the evapor-
ator  system are fired  in  one of the  two combination power boilers at the
plant.  Strong black liquor from the concentrator flows through the bottom of
the electrostatic precipitator that  controls particulate matter emissions from
boiler BLB-A.  The precipitator catch is  mixed with the strong black liquor
before the liquor is fired in the boiler.
      According to plant personnel, the chloride  content of  the concentrated
black liquor  fed to  boiler BLB-A  is  typically 0.5 weight percent  chlorine
 (wt % Cl), with  a range of approximately  0.1 to  0.7 wt % Cl.  Chlorine  enters
the  black liquor circuit as  inorganic  chloride  ions primarily through  the C102
generation system byproduct  salt  cake  that  is added to  the  weak black liquor
                                         3-3
-------
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prior to the evaporators.  The by-product salt cake contributes makeup sodium
and sulfur to the black liquor circuit.  The chlorine content of the
by-product salt cake ranges from about 0.2 to 1.5 wt % Cl.   Other potential
sources of chlorine in the black liquor circuit are sodium hydroxide used in
the conversion of green liquor to white liquor, wood chips-fed"to- the-pulping
process, and fresh water used for CaCO- mud washing and pulp washing.  Data on
the relative amounts of chlorine added to the black liquor circuit through
each of these sources have been developed from total chlorine analyses
performed on process samples taken during the dioxin/furan tests.
     Concentrated black liquor is sprayed into the combustion zone of boiler
BLB-A at a temperature of approximately 105°C(250°F) using four oscillating
"guns".  Primary, secondary, and tertiary combustion air is supplied to the
boiler by forced draft fans.  The primary:secondary:tertiary air ratio is
approximately 1.4:1.8:1.0.  The combustion air supply is computer controlled
using flue gas oxygen monitoring and black liquor feed rate monitoring.
Oxygen is continuously monitored at the economizer section of the boiler and
at the electrostatic precipitator outlet stack, while carbon monoxide,
opacity, and total reduced sulfur(TRS) are continuously monitored only at
the electrostatic precipitator outlet  stack.  The target flue gas oxygen at
the economizer section is 3.0 to 3.5 percent 02-  Opacity  at the outlet
stack is typically 15 percent.  The Federal New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) TRS emissions limit for black liquor recovery boiler stacks is 5 ppm
corrected to 8 percent oxygen.  Plant  personnel reported that boiler BLB-A
is in compliance with the NSPS.

3.3  ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR DESCRIPTION
     Exhaust gases from  black liquor recovery boiler BLB-A pass through a
two-chamber Wheelabrator-Frye wet bottom electrostatic precipitator  (ESP)  for
particulate removal.  Each chamber of  the precipitator handles approximately
half of the total boiler exhaust gas flowrate.  The ESP was designed  for a
total gas flowrate of 110,000 acmm (387,000 acfm) at an  operating temperature
of 175°C  (350°F).  Total plate collection area  is 17,150 m2  (184,570  ft2),
corresponding to a design  specific collection  area  of approximately  0.16
                                         3-5
-------
m2/acmm (0.5 ft2/acfm).  An energy management system trims the power supply to
the ESP to maintain a stack opacity of approximately 15 percent.  The design
parti art ate matter removal efficiency of the E'.SP is 99.6 percent when operated
at full electrical power.  Under typical power supply conditions, the     ;
particulate matter removal efficiency of the-ESP is estimated by plant
personnel to be 98.6 to 99.0 percent.  The most recent particulate matter
emissions data generated by the host plant showed a particulate grain loading
of 0.005 gr/dscf in the precipitator exhaust gas.                         ;
                                       3-6
-------
                            4.0  TEST DESCRIPTION

     This section describes the field sampling, process monitoring, and
analytical activities *hat were -performed for- test Site 04 <~  The purpose of
this section is to provide sufficient descriptive information about the test
so that the test data presented in Section 5.0 can be easily understood.
Specific testing details (specific sampling locations and procedures) are
presented in Section 6.0.
     This section is divided into three parts.  Section 4.1 summarizes field
sampling activities, Section 4.2 summarizes process monitoring activities, and
Section 4.3 summarizes analytical activities performed during the test
program.

4.1  FIELD SAMPLING
     Table 4-1  shows the source sampling  and analysis matrix for test
Site BLB-A.  Three dioxin/furari emissions tests  (Runs 01, 02, 03) were
performed.  Samples were taken  simultaneously  at  the electrostatic
precipitator  (ESP)  inlet location and the ESP  outlet exhaust stack.  These
locations  are. shown  as  Points  B and  C on  Figure  4-1.  Dioxin/furan  sampling
followed  the  Modified Method 5  (MM5)  sampling  protocol developed by the
American  Society of Mechanical  Engineers  (ASME)  for measuring emissions  of
chlorinated organic compounds.   Testing was  performed  at  the ESP outlet
exhaust stack for a period corresponding  to  240  minutes of  on-line sampling.
Testing was performed during the same time period at the  ESP inlet location,
but due to a'number of  filter  changes and sample port  changes the  on-line
sampling period for the inlet  train  was  typically about  140 minutes.
      Concentrations of  HC1 in  the flue gas were  determined  for  each test day
at the ESP outlet exhaust  stack using another modification  of EPA  Method 5.
The sampling  train was  identical  to  that  of  Method 5 except that water in the
 impingers was replaced  with 0.1 M NaOH or 0.1  M  KOH.   Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
was used in the impinger during Run  01 according to  typical HC1  sampling
 procedures.   The impinger solution was changed to potassium hydroxide  for
                                         4-1
-------

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subsequent runs at the suggestion of the National  Council  for Air and Stream
Improvement (NCASI).  The substitution of KOH in the impinger was performed in
an effort to eliminate sodium chloride (NaCl) interferences in the HC1
measurement.
     Continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) .of 02,  CO, C02, S02, NOX, and total
hydrocarbons (THC) was performed during the three MM5 test runs.  These data
were obtained to assess variations in combustion during the sampling periods.
Instantaneous concentration values for each species monitored were determined
every five minutes by the CEM system.
     Five types of process samples were taken during the MM5 test periods:
strong black liquor, caustic (sodium hydroxide), white liquor, weak black
liquor, and CIO- generation system by-product salt cake.  The strong black
liquor samples were taken to characterize dioxin/furan and dioxin/furan
precursor contents of the material fed to the boiler.  Three identical
composites of hourly strong black liquor samples were prepared: one for
dioxin/furan analysis by Troika, one for dioxin/furan precursor analysis by
Radian/RTP, and one for total chloride analysis by Radian/Austin.  The
caustic, white liquor, weak black liquor, and C102 generation  system
by-product  salt cake samples were taken to  indicate  the major  contributors
of  chloride to the  mill liquor  circuit.  These  samples were  taken twice
during each test  day,  and  a single  sample composite  for each test run was
sent to  Radian/Austin  for  total  chloride  analysis.
      Soil  samples were collected from ten  locations  at  the plant  site.   The
ten samples were  combined  into  a single  composite, which  was held for
potential  dioxin/furan analysis pending  evaluation  of the MM5  dioxin/furan
emissions data.

4.2  PROCESS  DATA COLLECTION
      Process  data were collected to characterize  the operation of the black
 liquor boiler and electrostatic precipitator  (ESP)  during  the MM5  test
 periods.  A computer system in  the  black liquor boiler control room was used
 to print out a graphic display  of boiler load,  boiler exhaust gas oxygen
 content, black liquor solids  content, and stack CO concentration during the
                                       4-5
-------
test runs.  In addition, hourly average steam flow, boiler 02, combustion air
flow and temperature-, black liquor characteristics, ESP gas flow and
temperature, and ESP exhaust gas composition data were printed out by the
computer in hourly log reports.  Electrostatic precipitator voltage and
current data were recorded manually at intermittent times throughout the test
period.  The process data are used in Section !>.! with the CEM data to
evaluate and compare combustion conditions during the three MM5 test periods.

4.3  LABORATORY ANALYSES
     Laboratory analyses performed on samples from test Site BLB-A included
dioxin/furan analyses, dioxin/furan precursor analyses and chloride, sulfate,
and sodium analyses.  Samples analyzed for dioxin/furan are discussed in
Section 4.3.1 and samples analyzed for dioxin precursors are discussed in
Section 4.3.2.  Samples analyzed for chloride (Cl") are discussed in
Section 4.3.3.
4.3.1  Dioxin/Furan Analyses
     All dioxin/furan analyses for Site 04 samples were performed by the EPA
ECL-BSL and EMSL-RTP laboratories, two of the three laboratories collectively
known as the Troika.  Field samples requiring dioxin/furan analysis were
prioritized by Tier 4 based on their relative importance to the Tier 4 program
objectives.  The priority levels, in order of decreasing importance, were  j
designated Priority 1 through Priority 3.
     Priority 1 samples were sent to Troika with instructions to perform
immediate extraction and analysis.  These included the MM5 train components
for the electrostatic precipitator inlet and outlet sampling locations, and
an MM5 train field blank.
     Priority 2 samples sent to Troika were to be analyzed for dioxin/furan
pending the results of the Priority 1 analyses.  Priority 2 samples included
only the strong black liquor samples.
     Priority 3 samples included only the composite soil sample.  The soil
sample is being held by Radian's Research Triangle Park (RTP), N.C. laboratory
pending evaluation of the Priority 1 and 2 analyses.
                                      4-6
-------
4.3.2  Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analysis
     .Dioxin/furan precursor analyses of strong black liquor samples were
performed by Radian/RTP.  The specific dioxin/furan analyzed for included
chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, PCB's and total chlorine.
4.3.3  Total Chloride AnalvsJS-.... - 	-	
     Chloride analysis was performed on the combined probe rinse/filter sample
and on the back-half rinse/impinger solution sample for each HCL- train (i.e.,
front-half and back-half analysis).  Chloride analysis was also performed on
the strong black liquor, caustic, white liquor, weak black liquor, and
by-product salt cake.
                                        4-7
-------
-------
                              5.0  TEST RESULTS

     The results of the Tier 4 dioxin/furan "emissions test of black liquor
boiler BLB-A are presented in this section.  The individual test runs are
designated as Runs 1-3.
     Process data obtained during the test runs are presented in Section
5.1, and flue gas parameter, data are contained in Section 5.2.  Continuous
monitoring results for 02, CO, C02, NOX, S02> and THC are presented in Section
5.3.  The dioxin/furan emissions data are contained in Section 5.4.  Strong
black liquor and dioxin/furan precursor analyses are presented in Section 5.5.
Results of HC1 train sampling at the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet
and chlorine analysis data of various process samples are presented in
Sections 5.6 and 5.7.

5.1  PROCESS DATA
     Process data were obtained  to document  black liquor boiler and
electrostatic precipitator operation during  the test runs.  The boiler
operating data  are summarized in Section 5.1.1, and the electrostatic
precipitator operating data  are  summarized in Section 5.1.2.  In general,
the data show that process operations were very stable during the  three test
runs.
5.1.1   Black  Liquor  Boiler Operating Data
      Plant-maintained  data summarizing  the mean operating  conditions of
black liquor  boiler  BLB-A during the three MM5 test runs  are  shown in Table
5-1.   Continuous  data  on boiler  load,  flue gas oxygen content in the
economizer  section of  the boiler,  strong black liquor solids  content, and
flue  gas  carbon monoxide content at the ESP  outlet exhaust stack are shown for
each  run  in Figures  5-1, 5-2,  and  5-3.  These data plots  were generated  for
the dioxin/furan  test  program by a computer  system in the black liquor  boiler
control room.   The data  show that the  incinerator was operated  similarly
during the  individual  test  runs.  There were no  process  upsets  during any  of
 the runs  that resulted in sampling interruptions.  The  one hour data gap  in
 Figure 5-3  is due to a brief malfunction  in  the  data acquisition  system.   The
 process was stable during this time  period.
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     The mean boiler load was identical for the three test runs: 176,000 kg/hr
(389,000 Ib/hr) steam corrected to 6305 kPa and 755°K (915 psi and 1360°R).
The enthalpy of steam at these temperatures and pressure conditions is
approximately 2210 kJ/kg (950 Btu/lb) relative to liquid water at the
saturation temperature of the steam (552°K, or 994°F).  Thus, the steam output
of the boiler on an energy basis averaged 110 MW (370 MMBtu/hr) for each of
the three test runs.  The maximum within-run deviation of the instantaneous
boiler load values shown in Figures 5-1 through 5-3 is approximately +13
percent of the mean value for each run.
     The mean flue gas oxygen values in the economizer section of boiler
BLB-A were 4.1, 3.6, and 3.1 percent CL (wet basis) for Runs 1-3
respectively.  This corresponds to mean excess air values of approximately
30, 25, and 21 percent respectively.  The maximum deviation of the
instantaneous flue gas oxygen values shown in Figures 5-1 through 5-3 is   '••
approximately +1 percent CL,  which corresponds to a within-run excess air
variability of approximately +10 percent excess air.  Carbon monoxide data
generated by the host plant are consistent with the oxygen monitoring data and
show typical inverse C0/02 behavior.  Run 1, which showed the highest boiler
flue gas oxygen value (4.1% 02), also showed the lowest flue gas carbon
monoxide value (4.6 ppmv @ 3% 02).  Run 3, which showed the lowest boiler flue
gas oxygen value (3.1% CL, wet), showed the highest flue gas carbon monoxide
value  (76 ppmv @ 3% CL).  The plant continuous monitoring data are compared;
with the Radian continuous monitoring data in Section 5.2.
     The solids content of the strong black liquor combusted in boiler BLB-A
showed little variability during the test runs, although the mean value for
Run 3  (63.7 wt % solids) was slightly lower than the mean values for Runs 1
and 2  (65.6 wt % solids).  The black liquor flow rate also showed little
variability.  The flow rate was approximately 3.5 percent higher for Run 3
than for Runs 1 and 2.  The low black liquor solids content and the high
black liquor flow rate for Run 3 are probably related.  In order to produce
a constant amount of steam, the feed forward boiler control system responded
to the lower solids content of the black liquor (i.e., lower heating value)
by increasing the black liquor flow to the burners.
                                     5-6
-------
     The TRS monitoring data showed an average of 4.0 ppmv TRS @ 8% 02,
which is in compliance with the Federal New Source Performance Standard
(NSPS) for black liquor boilers.  TRS values did not seem to track other
combustion-related parameters such as 02 or CO.  Stack opacity averaged 15.0
percent for each of the three test runs.  The opacity values depend on
electrostatic precipitator operation as well as combustion conditions in the
boiler.
5.1.2  Electrostatic Precipitator Operating Data
     Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) operating data maintained by the host
plant are summarized in Table 5-2 for test runs 01, 02, and 03.  The data show
that the ESP was operated similarly during the three runs.
     The ESP was set in the opacity control mode during each run, which is
typical of normal operation at Site 04.  Under the opacity control mode, the
power supplied to the ESP is adjusted to maintain a stack outlet opacity of 15
percent.  The total power consumption rate of the precipitation during the
test runs was approximately 50 kw, split equally between the east and west
halves of the unit.  The mean outlet gas temperature ranged from 174° to 175°
C  (345° to 347°  F), and the gas flow rates to the two halves of the unit were
nearly identical.  Opacity monitors stationed at the outlet from each half of
the  ESP varied considerably from east  to west, but the east half and west half
values were nearly constant between runs.  Plant personnel were not certain
whether the higher opacity values measured  in the east half outlet were due to
a  difference  in  particulate matter removal  efficiencies between the east and
west halves,  or  whether  the east half  opacity monitor was not working
correctly.   In  any event,  the  total  stack  opacity of the combined streams at
the  outlet  exhaust stack was nearly  constant  at  15.0 percent.  The low  stack
opacity  values  were  consistent with  visual  observation.
      The  gas  flow rate measured by Radian  at  the  inlet to the  ESP ranged from
7930 acmm to  8160 acmm (280,000 acfm to 288,000  acfm).  Using  a  plate  area  of
         2            2
 17,150 m  (184,570 ft ), this  corresponds  to  a  specific collection area of
                     2             2
 approximately 0.20 m /acmm (0.65 ft  /acfm)  which  is  higher  than  the  design
                2             2
value of 0.16 m /acmm (0.5 ft  /acfm).
                                       5-7
-------
           TABLE 5-2.  SUMMARY OF PLANT-MAINTAINED ELECTROSTATIC
                       PRECIPITATOR OPERATING DATA FOR SITE BLB-A
     Parameter
    Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Control Mode

Gas Flow Rate
 1. East Precip Flow
    Indicator
    (10-3 acfm)
 2. West Precip Flow
    Indicator
       *3 acfm)
Opacity Control   Opacity Control   Opacity Control
     107
     110
 106
 108
 106
 109
Outlet Temperature
3. East Precip Outlet
Temperature ( F)
4. West Precip Outlet
Temperature ( F)
Opacity
5. East Precip Opacity
6. West Precip Opacity
7. Stack Opacity (%)
Power Consumption3
8. East Precip (kw)
9. West Precip (kw)

346

347

25.7
13.0
15.0

23.6
26.6

345

345

24.8
13.9
15.0

25.3
28.5

346 '•

346

24.7
13.6
15.0

27.9
24.6
  Power consumption numbers are based on limited data  (7 voltage-current
  pairs during the 3 tests)
                                   5-8
-------
5.2  FLUE GAS PARAMETER DATA
     Table 5-3 summarizes flue gas temperature, moisture, volumetric flowrate,
and oxygen concentration data obtained at Site BLB-A.  These parameters were
fairly consistent among test runs.  The average flue gas temperature and
moisture content measured at the.ESP inlet and outlet were 178°C, 27.8%, and
173°C, 24.8%, respectively.  The average gas flowrates for the ESP inlet and
outlet under actual stack temperature and moisture conditions were 8100 acmm
(285,900 acfm) and 7,600 acmm (268,300 acfm), respectively.  The average dry
standard flowrate was 3,600 dscmm (127,100 dscfm) for the inlet and 3,700
dscmm (130,600 dscfm) for the outlet.  Standard EPA conditions are 20°C (68°F)
and 1 atm.
     Flue gas oxygen concentration data were obtained from the plant CL
analyzer, the Radian CEM system, and integrated bag samples (EPA Method 3).
The average ESP inlet Op concentration of the flue gas measured by EPA
Method 3, the Radian CEM, and the plant 0« analyzer was 5.2, 6.0, and
4.8 vol%, respectively.  The ESP outlet 02 concentration was 5.0 vol%, as
measured by EPA Method 3.

5.3  CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA
     Mean values and standard deviations of  the continuously monitored
combustion gases at the  ESP  inlet location (02, CO, CO-, S02, NO  and THC)  are
shown for each MM5 test  run  in  Table 5-4.  The data show that most of the  runs
have  similar mean  concentration values for the individual gases.  The overall
mean  values  for the three test  runs  are as follows:  oxygen, 6.0 percent by
volume  (dry); carbon monoxide,  136 ppmv (dry @ 3% 0«); carbon dioxide,  15.6
percent  by volume  (dry @ 3%  02);  sulfur dioxide, 94 ppmv  (dry @ 3% 02);
nitrogen oxides, 83 ppmv (dry @ 3% 02); and  total hydrocarbons, 4 ppmv  (wet @
3% 02,  as propane).
      The mean oxygen concentration measured  by the Radian CEM system  at the
ESP  inlet was fairly consistent between runs,  but was  slightly higher for
Run  03  (6.5%) than for Runs  01  and 02  (5.9 and 5.7%, respectively).  This  was
not  consistent with the  trend of the measured  oxygen content data obtained by
the  plant at  the economizer  section  of the boiler and  at  the stack.  Table 5-5
                                       5-9
-------
                    TABLE 5-3.  FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE BLB-A*
ci,,« r,o D=v^mQ+Qv.           Run 01          Run °2          Run °3         Average
Flue Gas Parameter       Inlet  Outlet   Inlet  outlet   Inlet  Outlet   Inlet ; Outlet
Temperature ( C)

Moisture (Vol %)
                          177.0   175.0   178.0   173.0   178.0   172.0   178.0.  173.0
                           25.0    24.9    27.0    23.9    31.5    25.7    27.8    24.8
Volumetric Flowrate
  Actual (acmm)           8200    7800    8100    7600    8000    7500    8100;   7600
  Dry standard (dscmm)    3800    3800    3700    3700    3400    3600    3600    3700
Oxygen Content (Vol%)
  EPA Method 3b
  Radian CEM
  Plant CEMC
                            5.9
                            5.5
6.4
5.7
4.8
                                                    5.6
6.0
5.2
6.5
4.1
                                4.3
5.5
5.2
6.0
4.8
                                        5.0
6.0
    ic units are reported for  all  of  the  flue gas measurement data.
    onvert to alternate  units:   F  - 1.8(  C) + 32; cfm -  cmm x 35.5.
"Metric
uTo convert
^Volume % concentration on a dry basis.
 The inlet values were measured at the economizer; adjusted to a dry basis using 25%
 HO.  The outlet values were measured at the stack; reportd on a wet basis.
                                              5-10
-------
TABLE 5-4.  MEAN VALUES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED
            COMBUSTION GASES DURING DIOXIN/FURAN TESTS AT SITE BLB-A

Parameter3
02 (% vol )
CO (ppmv @ 3% 02)
C02 (% Vol @ 3% 02)
S02 (ppmv @ 3% 02)
NOV (ppmv @ 3% 05)
X £
THC (ppmv @ 3% 02)
Run 01
5.9
( 0.3)
84.4
(65.2)
16.3
( 0.8)
112.1
(102.1)
75.1
( 7.4)
2.9
( 3.6)
Run 02
5.7
( 0.4)
159.4
(79.4)
14.7
( 1.3)
54.1
(43.0)
89.1
( 4.5)
2.8
( 2.2)
Run 03
6.5
( 0.5)
165.5
(149.2)
15.9
( 1.4)
117.0
( 85.2)
85.4
( 4.3)
4.8
( 6.5)
Overal 1
Mean
6.0
136.4
15.6
94.4
83.2
11.9
 All  concentrations  expressed  oh  a  dry  volume  basis  except  for total
 hydrocarbon  concentrations, which  are  expressed  on  a  wet volume basis.


 "'Total  hydrocarbon data are  expressed  in  units of ppmv (wet)  as propane.
                                      5-11
-------
summarizes the Radian CEM data at the ESP inlet location, the Radian Method 3
data at the ESP inlet and stack outlet locations, the plant CEM data at the
economizer section of the boiler and the plant, CEM data at the outlet stack
location. While the data are not conclusive, it appears that a minor leakage
may have developed in the Radian CEM sampling system during the tests.
     Instantaneous concentration values obtained at 5-minute intervals for
each of the continuously monitored combustion gases are tabulated in Appendix
A-2 and are shown graphically as functions of time in Figures 5-4 through 5-9.
These graphs show that in general the measured CL and NOX values were fairly
constant within runs.  The CO and C02 data show considerable random scatter,
much of which is attributable to instrument noise.  However, the CO data do
verify the trend toward higher CO levels for Runs 02 and 03 than for Run 01,
as was also indicated by the plant CO monitor at the stack.  The THC data do
not seem to track either 02 or CO data.  THC peaks in the 20 ppm range were
observed for each test run, but these peaks could not be correlated with
variations in process conditions in the boiler.
     The S02 data show a distinctive cyclical behavior which is believed to
be associated with the make-up sulfur addition rate in the black liquor mix
tank.  Peaks as high as 400 ppmv S02 @ 3% 02 were observed during Runs 01 and
03, with lower peaks observed during Run 02.                              ;

5.4  MM5 DIQXIN/ FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
5.4.1  Electrostatic Precipitator Inlet
     Emission concentrations and emissions rate data measured at the
electrostatic precipitator  (ESP) inlet are shown  in Table 5-6 and 5-7 for the
2378 TCDD, total PCDD, and  total PCDF species.  The data include dioxin and
furan collection in the entire MM5 train, including filter, XAD sorbent trap,
impingers, and sample train clean-up rinses.
     Average as-measured  ESP inlet concentrations of total  PCDD, and  PCDF
species  were 1.58 ng/dscm total  PCDD and  1.31 ng/dscm total PCDF.  When
corrected  to 3% 02 using  the Radian CEM oxygen concentration data, these  ,
values correspond to  1.79 ng/dscm @ 3% 02 and  1.47 ng/dscm  @ 3% 02,
respectively.  Average emission  rates were 340 ug/hr total  PCDD, and  280 ug/hr
                                      5-12
-------
       TABLE 5-5.   COMPARISON OF MEASURED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
                   VALUES  (VARIOUS LOCATIONS AND METHODS)

Economizer Precipitator Inlet
Run . Plant CEM at
Number Economizer Radian Radian
(wet) (dry)3 CEM Method 3
01 4.1 5.5 5.9
02 3.6 4.8 5.7
03 3.1 4.1 6.5 5.2
Outlet Stack
Radian Plant CEM
Method 3 at stack
6.4
5.6 6.0
4.3 5.5
Assuming 25% moisture.
                                    5-13
-------
                     SITE 04  - TEST
                          OXYGEN
      1
      z
IS
IB
17
18 •
13
1* <
13
12
11
1O
9
a
•7
s
s
4.
a
2
1
mean =  5.9%  0,

std dev  =  0.3
                            *        S
                         TEST TIME -------
               SITE 04  - TZST  1
                 GABOON MONOXIDE
                                                  mean  =  84.4 ppmv CO
                                                          9 3% 02


                                                  stddev  = 65.2  ppmv CO
                                                            @ 3%  0
                SITE 04- -  TEST 2
                  CiKSON MONOX1O6
                                                  mean  = 159.4  ppmv CO
                                                          @ 3% 02

                                                  stddev = 79.4 ppmv  CO
                                                            @  3% 00
                    TEST T1MC (MOUWS)
                SITE 04  - TEST 3
                   CARBON MONOXIDE p«orii.e
                        4.       ,- S

                     TEST TIME -------
          20 •
       a
    11
    10
    9
    a
    7
    a
    a
    *
    j
    2.
                       SITE 04 - TEST
                          C4WBON DIOXIDE PROFILE
                                                            mean  =  16.3%  C0?
                                                                    @3%  0
                                                                          2
                                                            std dev  = 0.8:% C0?
                           TEST TIME -------
SITE 04- - TEST 1
•"•CTAL J-fVOWOCA^BON o«OFlLC

24. --




i
2 ia -•
uj 10 --
S -. 3



o






3 ,.,

3 10-



2 -
28
24.
22
2O
? 19
a, n
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*> ? !
J* a/W', Jl *
=B-li:i^^T ' ••*!5 "ww** -™ %«fiji^ " 'iWtic,'tf"t'^J
a A a s
TEST TIME i;MOUHS)
SITE 04 - TEST 2
TOTAL HYOftOCAHaON =*OnLE




(



i

^
"Vcrt«*'V—l






R /\
^ 4s 3 J\ a /
J IU 4 ^ -
3 2 * *
TEST TIME (MOUWS)
SITE 04 - TEST 3
TOTAL HTO(«OCA«eON PROFILE





1
It
11
1 V
k \ I
^ 1 ^ ^T>\\. . I

i
O 2 A 8 8
                                               mean = 2.9 ppmv THC
                                                      @ 3% 02

                                               stddev = 3.6 ppmv THC
                                              ""	'"   (? 3% 09
                                                mean = 2.8 ppmv  THC
                                                       @ 3% 02

                                                std dev = 2.2  ppmv  THC
                                                         @ 3% 00
                                                 mean  =  4.8 ppmv THC
                                                        @ 3% 02

                                                 stddev  = 6.5 ppmv THC
                                                          
-------
UOMCEHIM1KM (PPMV)
SITE C4 - TEST 1
OXIOES or MrrwoocN PEOPLE
























-fc^f^.-a«lB-

|f
W

                                                    mean =75.1 ppmv  NO
                                                            @  3% 02      x
                                                    std dev  =  7.4 ppmv NO,
                                                              @ 3% On
   aoo
   380
   aio
   aao
   aoo
*=•  180
                   TEST TIME (HOURS)
               SITE 04  - TEST 2
                 OXIDES OF NITROGEN PROFILE
   120
   1OO
   30
                                                   mean = 89.1  ppmv NO
                                                           @  3%  02
                                                   std dev =  4.5 ppmv  NO
                                                              0  3% 00 :
a.
   3SO
   soo
   360
   34O
   aao
   aoo
   iao
^  iao
1  14O
2  iao.
§  1O°
8  BO
   so •
   4O •
   ao.
    3 •
                    TEST TIME (HOURS)
                SITE 0"4 -  TEST 3
                 OXIDES or NITROGEN PROriLE
                                                    mean =  85.4 ppmv  NO
                                                            9 3% 02      x
                                                                      i
                                                    std dev  = 4.3 ppmv  NO
                                                              9 3% 00
                    TEST TIME 
-------
    300
                SITE G4-  — TEST 1
                                                  mean  =  112.1 ppmv S09
                                                          @  3% 02

                                                  std dev  =  102.1 ppmv S0?
                                                            (3 3%  02
                SITE 04 - TEST 2
                   SUUPUN OIOXIOE P«SF1LE
                                                  mean"=  54.1 ppmv S0?
                                                          @ 3% 02

                                                  std dev  = 43.0 ppmv S0?
                                                            @ 3% 02
                     TEST TIME (MOUHS)
                C-ITCT
                                                   mean = 117.0 ppmv  S0?
                                                          0 3% 02

                                                   std dev = 85.2 ppmv S02
                                                            0 3%  0
Figure 5-9 Sulfur  Dioxide Concentration  History at the
           Electrostatic Precipitator  Inlet Location
           (dry  ppmv  @ 3% 02)
                                5-19
-------
      TABLE 5-6.  OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS CONCENTRATION DATA
                    FOR SITE BLB-A (ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR INLET)
Run Number
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Emissions Concentration
(as measured), ng/dscm

     Run 01
     Run 02
     Run 03
     Average
   ND
   NO
   ND
    1.21
    0.93
    2.61
    1.59
   1.31
   1.03
   1.58
   1.31
Emissions Concentration
(corrected to 3% 02), ng/dscm @ 3%

     Run 01
     Run 02
     Run 03
     Average
   ND
   ND
   ND
    1.37
    1.05
    2.94
    1.79
   1.47
   1.16
   1.77
   1.47
ND s not detected.  See Tables 5-8 and 5-9 for detection limits.
                                       5-20
-------
          TABLE 5-7.   SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN  EMISSIONS  RATE  DATA
                      FOR SITE BLB-A (ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR  INLET)

Dioxin/Furan Emission
Run Number
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
. 2378 TCDD
ND
ND
ND
--
Total PCDD
280
206
530
339
Rate, uq/hr
Total PCDF
302
228
320
283
ND = not detected.  See Table 5-8 for detection limits,
                                       5-21
-------
2378 TCDDy/woro conoiabeubly below the detec
tion
total PCDF.
•HitrHr.  The total PCDD and PCDF emissions were fairly consistent between runs.
The maximum deviation of  any  individual run from the overall average was
approximately 56 percent  for  total  PCDD emissions and 19 percent for total
PCDF emissions.
     Isomer and homologue-specific  emission concentration data  are  summarized
in Table 5-8 and 5-9 for  the  three  test runs.  Run-specific data tables
showing homologue emission concentrations in both ng/dscm and parts-per-
trillion units and  homologue  emission  rates in ug/hr units are  included  in'
Appendix D.  Detectable quantities  were found for roughly two-thirds of  the
isomers and homologues analyzed for at the ESP inlet of Site BLB-A.
Figure 5-10 is a histogram that shows  the relative distributions of the  2378
TCDD/TCDF  isomers and the tetra-  through octa-PCDD/PCDF homologues  in  the
inlet ESP  emissions (mole basis).   The distribution of dioxin species  was
extremely  non-uniform among the various homologues.  Only the hepta- and octa-
CDD homologues were consistently  detectable in the ESP inlet emissions.  The
octa-CDD homologue  accounted  for  roughly 80 percent of the total dioxins
detected.  The hepta-CDD  homologues accounted for the remaining 20  percent of
the total  dioxins in the  ESP  inlet  emissions.  The furan species were  more
uniformly  distributed than the dioxin  species, with the hepta-CDF homologue
being the  largest single  contributor to the total PCDF emissions.   The
contributions of the tetra- through octa-chlorinated furan homologues  to the
total PCDF were: tetra, 19-26%; penta, 0-24%; hexa, 33-50%; hepta,  12-24%; and
octa, 0-8%.
     Emission factors for the ESP inlet at site BLB-A are shown in  Table 5-10.
Average emission factors  for  total  PCDD and total PCDF were 0.006 ug total
PCDD emitted per Kg feed  and  0.005  ug  total PCDF emitted per Kg feed  (dry
solids feed basis). Emission factors" for the various dioxin and  furan
homologues varied considerably between runs.
                                      5-22
-------
    TABLE  5-8.  SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE BLB-A INLET
                               (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
Dioxin/Furan
    Isomer
     Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
               (ng/dscm)
Run 01          Run 02          Run 03
                                                                   Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-COD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND( 1.94E-02)
ND( 1.94E-02)
ND( 7.52E-02)
1.21E-01
2.91E-01
8.01E-01
1.21E+00

ND( 1.46E-02)
2.43E-01
3.16E-01
4.37E-01
2.43E-01
7.28E-02
1.31E+00
ND( 1.98E-02)
1.98E-02
ND( 2.38E-02)
7.94E-02
1.98E-01
6.35E-01
9.33E-01

ND( 7.94E-02)
1.98E-01
2.38E-01
3.97E-01
1.19E-01
7.94E-02
1.03E+00
ND( 7.47E-02)
ND( 7.47E-02)
ND( 9.96E-02)
ND( 3.90E-01)
5.81E-01
2.03E+00
2.61E+00

ND( 1.66E-01)
4.15E-01
ND( 6.14E-01)
7.88E-01
3.73E-01
ND( 2.61E-01)
1.58E+00
.OOE+00
6.61E-03
.OOE+00
6.69E-02
3.57E-01
1.16E+00
1.59E+00

.OOE+00
2.85E-01
1.85E-01
5.41E-01
2.45E-01
5.07E-02
1.31E+00
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.

NO  =  not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng  =  1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
                                        5-23
-------
   TABLE 5-9.  SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE BLB-A INLET
                      (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3 PERCENT OXYGEN)
 Dioxin/Furan
    Isomer
     Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
            (ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01          Run 02          Run 03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.

ND  *  not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng  =«  1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
                                                                   Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF

ND( 2.18E-02)
ND( 2.18E-02)
ND( 8.46E-02)
1.37E-01
3.28E-01
9.01E-01
1.37E+00

ND( 1.64E-02)
2.73E-01
3.55E-01
4.92E-01
2.73E-01
8.19E-02
1.47E+00

ND( 2.23E-02)
2.23E-02
ND( 2.68E-02)
8.93E-02
2.23E-01
7.14E-01
1.05E+00

ND( 8.93E-02)
2.23E-01
2.68E-01
4.46E-01
1.34E-01
8.93E-02
1.16E+00

ND( 8.40E-02)
ND( 8.40E-02)
ND( 1.12E-01)
ND( 4.39E-01)
6.54E-01
2.29E+00
2.94E+00

ND( 1.87E-01)
4.67E-01
ND( 6.91E-01)
8.87E-01
4.20E-01
ND( 2.94E-01)
1.77E+00

.OOE+00
7.44E-03
.OOE+00
7.53E-02
4.01E-01
1.30E+00
1.79E+00

.OOE+00
3.21E-01
2.08E-01
6.08E-01
2.76E-01
5.71E-02
1.47E+00
                                      5-24
-------
         DIOX1N  HOMOLOGUES  AT THE INLET
                             BLB-A
       1
     0.9 -


     0.8-


     0.7-


     0.8 -


     O.S -


     0.4-


     0.3-


     0.2-


     0.1 -
           PCDD = 1.8 ng/dscm at 3%
       2378 TCDD Other TCOO P«nto-CDD H«xa-CDO  Hapta-COO Octa-CDD

           	           aigxiN HOMOLOGUES	
           PT71 RUN 01     P^» RUN 02     K2  RUN 03
         FURAN HOMOLOGUES  AT THE INLET
                             BLB-A
0.9 -
O.8 -
0.7 -
o.a -
0.3 -
0.4-
0.3 -
0.2 -
O.1 -
PCDF = '





I





rrr O
m
%<$
i?
1 .5 ng/dscm at 3% O2





I
I



79
m
\
I
i


i





i





I





Ttffy
       2378 TCOF Oth«r TCOF P«nta-CDF H«co-COF H«pta-COF Octa-COF

           __            FURAN HOMOLOCUES
           1771 RUN 01      g^l RUN 02     E23  RUN O3
Figure  5-10.
Dioxin  and furan homologue distributions of
the electrostatic precipitator inlet
emissions for Site BLB-A.
                            5-25
-------
         TABLE 5-10.   DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION  FACTORS  FOR  SITE  BLB-A  INLET
 Dioxin/Furan
     Isomer
 Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)

Run 01          Ruin 02          Run 03
                                                                        Avg.
 DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND( 8.28E-05)
ND( 8.28E-05)
ND( 3.21E-04)
5.18E-04
1.24E-03
3.42E-03
5.18E-03

ND( 6.21E-05)
1.04E-03
1.35E-03
1.86E-03
1.04E-03
3.11E-04
5.59E-03
ND( 8.18E-05)
8.18E-05
ND( 9.81E-05)
3.27E-04
8.18E-04
2.62E-03
3.84E-03

ND( 3.27E-04)
8.18E-04
9.81E-04
1.64E-03
4.91E-04
3.27E-04
4.25E-03
ND( 2.80E-04)
ND( 2.80E-04)
ND( 3-.73E-04)
ND( 1.46E-03)
2.18E-03
7.62E-03
9.80E-03

MD( 6.22E-04)
1.55E-03
MD( 2.30E-03)
2.95E-03
1.40E-03
ND( 9.80E-04)
5.91E-03
.OOE+00
2.73E-05
.OOE+00
2.82E-04
1.41E-03
4.55E-03
6.27E-03

.OOE+00
1.14E-03
7.76E-04
2.15E-03
9.75E-04
2.13E-04
5.25E-03
ND  -  not detected (detection limit  in parentheses).
ug  -  1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year

NOTE:  Emission factors were calculated using  the  black  liquor dry solids feed
       rate.
                                     5-26
-------
5.4.2  Electrostatic Precioitator Outlet
     Emission concentrations and emissions rate data measured at the
electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet are shown in Tables 5-11 and 5-12 for
the 2378 TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF species.  The data include dioxin
and furan collected in the entire MM5 train, including filter, primary >XAD '---
sorbent trap, impingers, and sample1 train clean-up rinses.
     Average as-measured outlet emission concentrations of total PCDD and PCDF
were 0.67 ng/dscm total PCDD and 0.51 ng/dscm total PCDF.  When corrected to
3% 02 using the EPA Method 3 oxygen concentration data, these values
correspond to 0.75 ng/dscm @ 3% 02  and 0.57 ng/dscm @ 3% 02, respectively.
Average emission rates were 150 ug/hr total PCDD, and 110 ug/hr total PCDF.
Emissions of 2378 TCDD were non-detectable for all three runs.  The total PCDD
and PCDF outlet emissions showed considerable variability between runs.  The
maximum deviation of any individual run from the overall average was
approximately 80 percent for total  PCDD and PCDF emissions.
     Isomer and homologue specific  outlet emission concentration data are
summarized in Tables 5-13 and 5-14  for the three test runs.  Run-specific data
tables showing homologue emission concentrations in ng/dscm and parts-per-
trillion units and homologue emission rates in ug/hr units are included  in
Appendix D.  Detectable quantities  were found for roughly half of the isomers
and homologues analyzed for at the  ESP outlet of Site BLB-A.  Figure 5-11 is a
histogram that shows the relative distributions of the 2378 TCDD/TCDF isomers
and the tetra- through octa- PCDD/PCDF homologues in the ESP outlet emissions
(mole basis).  The distribution of  dioxin species was non-uniform among  the
various homologues.  Only-the hepta and octa-CDD homologues were consistently
detectable in the ESP  outlet emissions.  The octa-CDD homologue accounted for
roughly 70 percent  of  the total dioxins found while the hexa-CDD isomer
accounted for most  of  the remaining PCDD.  The total PCDF emissions were more
evenly distributed  than the dioxin  species with the contributions of the
tetra- through octa-chlorinated furan  homologues  to the total PCDF being as
follows:  tetra,  10-33%; penta,  0-11%;  hexa, 0-15%; hepta, 22-50%; and octa,
9-50%.
      Emission  factors  for the  ESP outlet  at site  BLB-A  are  shown  in
Table  5-15.   Average  outlet emission  factors  for  total  PCDD and  total  PCDF
                                      5-27
-------
    TABLE 5-11.
OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS CONCENTRATION DATA
   FOR SITE BLB-A (ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR OUTLET)
Run Number
                       2378 TCDD
Total PCDD    Total PCDF
Emissions Concentration
(as measured), ng/dscm

     Run 01
     Run 02
     Run 03
     Average
                          ND
                          ND
                          ND
   1.18
   0.51
   0.31
   0.67
0.89
0.52
0.10
0.51
Emissions Rate Concentration
(corrected to 3% 02), ng/dscm @ 3%

     Run 01
     Run 02
     Run 03
     Average
                          ND
                          ND
                          ND
   1.33
   0.59
   0.33
   0.75
1.00
0.61
0.11
0.57
                                       5-28
-------
       TABLE 5-12.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS RATE DATA FOR
  SITE- BLB-A (ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR OUTLET)
                              Dloxin/Furan Emission Rate, uq/hr
Run Number
  2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
ND
ND
ND
--
268
113
68
150
202
117
22
114
                                        5-29
-------
   TABLE 5-13.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE  BLB-A  OUTLET
              (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
 Dioxin/Furan
     Isomer
         -  Ispmer Concentration in Fl-ue Gas-
                     (ng/dscm)
      Run 01          Run 02          Run 03
                                                                    Avg,
 DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND( 6.00E-02)
ND( 6.00E-02)
ND( 2.51E-02)
1.55E-01
3.09E-01
7.16E-01
'1.18E+00

ND( 7.74E-03)
3.29E-01
1.55E-01
' 1.35E-01
1.93E-01
7.74E-02
8.90E-01
ND( 1.69E-02)
5.06E-02
ND( 2.02E-02)
ND( 5.40E-02)
8.43E-02
3.71E-01
5.06E-01
•
ND( 3.37E-02)
5.06E-02
ND( 3.88E-02)
5.06E-02
1.69E-01
2.53E-01
5.23E-01
ND( 1.88E-02)
ND( 1.88E-02)
ND( 3.77E-02)
ND( 4.11E-02)
8.56E-02
2.23E-01
3.08E-01

ND( 1.71E-02)
3.42E-02
ND( 2.23E-02)
ND( 8.73E-02)
5.14E-02
1.71E-02
1.03E-01
.OOE+PO
1.69E-02
.OOE+00
5.16E-02
1.60E-01
4.36E-01
6.65E-01

.OOE+00
1.38E-01
5.16E-02
6.20E-02
1.38E-01
1.16E-01
5.05E-01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen  conditions.

ND  -  not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng  -  1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
                                      5-30
-------
   TABLE 5-14.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE  BLB-A  OUTLET
      (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3  PERCENT 0XYGENT	"'*"
 Dioxin/Furan
     Isoraer
           Isomer  Concentration  in  Flue  Gas
                  (ng/dscm  @  3%  oxygen)
     Run 01           Run 02           Run  03
                                                                   Avg.
 DIOXINS
2378 TCDD ND
Other TCDD ND
Penta-CDD ND
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF ND
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
6.75E-02)
6.75E-02)
2.83E-02)
1.74E-01
3.48E-01
8.05E-01
1.33E+00

( 8.70E-03)
3.70E-01
1.74E-01
1.52E-01
2.18E-01
8.70E-02
1. OOE+00
ND( 1.97E-02)
5.91E-02
ND( 2.37E-02)
ND( 6.31E-02)
9.86E-02
4.34E-01
5.91E-01

ND( 3.94E-02)
5.91E-02
ND( 4.53E-02)
5.91E-02
1.97E-01
2.96E-01
6.11E-01
ND( 2.03E-02) -
ND( 2.03E-02)
ND{ 4.05E-02)
ND( 4.42E-02)
9.21E-02
2.40E-01
3.32E-01

ND( 1.84E-02)
3.68E-02
ND( 2.40E-02)
ND( 9.40E-02)
5.53E-02
1.84E-OZ
1.11E-01
.OOE+00
1.97E-02
.OOE+00
5.80E-02
1.80E-01
4.93E-01
7.50E-01

.OOE+00
1.55E-01
5.80E-02
7.05E-02
1.57E-01
1.34E-01
5.74E-01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.

ND  =  not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng  «  1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
                                    5-31
-------
  a
  o
  1


o.a-


o.a -


0.7 -


0.8-


0.5-


0.4-


0.3-


0.2-


0.1 -
         D.IOXIN HOMOLOGUE AT THE OUTLET
                             BLS-A
           PCDD = 0.7 ng/dscm at 3% O2
       2378 TCOD Other TCDO Ponta-CDO Hoxa-CDO H«pta-CDD Octa-COO

           	           DIOXIN HOMOLOCUE	
           1771 RUN 01     JZ53 RUN 02     POq  RUN 03
       1
        FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE  OUTLET
                             BLB-A
0.9 -


O.B -


O.7 -


0.6 -


O.S -


0.-*-


0.3 -


0.2-


0.1 -
           PCDF = 0.6 ng/dscm at 3% O2
       2378 TCOF Other TCOF P«nto-COF Hexa-COF Hepta-COF Oeta-COF

                        JFURAN HOMOLOGUE___
              RUN 01     fe53  RUN 02     POO RUN 03
Figure 5-11.
       Dioxin and furan  homologue  distributions of
       the electrostatic precipitator outlet emissions
       for Site BLB-A.
                          5-32
-------
        TABLE 5-15.   DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION  FACTORS FOR SITE BLB-A OUTLET
 Dioxin/Furan
     Isomer
       Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)

      Run 01          Run 02          Run 03
                                                                        Avg.
 DIOXINS


 2378 TCDD
 Other TCDD
 Penta-CDD
 Hexa-CDD
 Hepta-CDD
 Octa-CDD

 Total  PCDD

 FURANS
ND(
ND(
ND(
2.52E-04)   ND( 7.06E-05)   ND(
2.52E-04)       2.12E-04    ND(
1.06E-04)   ND( 8.47E-05)   ND(
6.51E-04    ND( 2.26E-04)   ND(
1.30E-03        3.53E-04
3.01E-03        1.55E-03

4.96E-03        2.12E-03
                      54E-05)
                      54E-05)
                      51E-04)
                      64E-04)
                    3.43E-04
                    8.91E-04
                                    1.23E-03
                  .OOE+00
                  .06E-05
                  .OOE+00
                  .17E-04
                  .66E-04
                 1.82E-03

                 2.77E-03
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF

 Total PCDF
ND( 3
  26E-05)
1.38E-03
6.51E-04
5.70E-04
8.14E-04
3.26E-04
    3.74E-03
ND( 1.41E-04)
    2.12E-04
ND( 1.62E-04)
    2.12E-04
    7.06E-04
    1.06E-03

    2.19E-03
ND( 6.85E-05)
    1.37E-04
ND( 8.91E-05)
ND( 3.49E-04)
    2.06E-04
    6.85E-05

    4.11E-04
 , OOE+00
 .77E-04
 .17E-04
 .60E-04
 .75E-04
4.84E-04

2.11E-03
NO  -  not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ug  =  1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year
NOTE:  Emission factors  were  calculated using the black liquor dry solids feed
       rate.
                                      5-33
-------
were 0.003 ug total PCDD emitted per Kg feed and 0.002 ug total PCDF emitted
per Kg feed (dry solids feed basis).  The outlet emission factors for the
individual dioxin and furan homologues varied considerably between test run.s.
5.4.3  Reduction of Dioxin/Furan Concentrations Due to the ESP.
     The dioxin/furans which condense on1 participate irr the-stack gas are
removed from the stack gas along with the particulate matter by the pollution
control device.  The dioxin/furan removal efficiency of the control device is
calculated from the difference of the inlet and outlet concentration of each
dioxin/furan homologue divided by the inlet concentration of each homologue.
Each concentration value may have an analytical uncertainty of +50%.  An   ;
analysis of the uncertainty of the control device efficiency (contained in
Appendix F) indicates that with a measured efficiency of greater than 67%, the
true removal efficiency is most likely positive.  With measured efficiencies
between 67% and -200%, a definite conclusion cannot be drawn concerning the
true removal efficiency, and below -200%, the true removal efficiency is most
likely negative.
     The measured ESP removal efficiences for each dioxin/furan homologue at
Site BLB-A are summarized in Table 5-16.  The PCDD/PCDF removal efficiencies
across the ESP were widely scattered for the respective homologues and between
runs.  Run 03 indicates positive removal efficiency across the ESP while no
conclusions can be made from the efficiencies calculated for Runs 01 and 02.
The overall data is inconclusive concerning the true removal efficiency for
the ESP.
5.4.4  Economizer Ash Results
     During the pre-survey site visit a single economizer ash sample was
collected.  This sample was analyzed for dioxin/furan to determine if it was  •
necessary to sample the economizer ash during the actual site testing.
Hexa-CDF and octa-CDD were the only homologues detected in concentrations of
0.01 ng/g (ppb) for each respective homologue.  The detection limits for the
homologues which were not detected were between 0.01 ng/g (ppb) and 0.02
n9/9 (ppb).  Due to the minimal concentrations of the dioxin/furan homologues
found in this sample, the economizer ash was not sampled during the site
testing.
                                    5-34
-------
TABLE 5-16.  MEASURED ESP REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES.AT SITE BLB-Ae
    Homo!ogue
ESP Removal Efficiency, (%)
Run 1      Run 2      Run 3
   Dioxins
      2378 TCDD
      Other TCDD
      Penta-CDD
      Hexa-CDD
      Hepta-CDD
      Octa-CDD
   Total  PCDD
-27.0
- 6.1
+10.7
+ 2.9
- 165

+ 100
+55.8
+39.2
+43.7
+85.9
+89.5
+88.7
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF

--
-35.5
+51.0
+69.1
+20.1
- 6.2
+32.0

--
+73.5
+ 100
+86.7
-47.0
- 232
+47.3

--
+92.1
--
+ 100
+98.0
--
+93.7
  NOTE:  dash (-)  indicates that the species  was  not detected
        at the ESP inlet location.
  aESP removal efficiency values were calculated using
   concentration  data corrected to  3% O  (Table  5-9 and 5-14)
                               5-35
-------
5.5  BLACK LIQUOR PRECURSOR DATA
     As discussed in Section 4.3.2, the strong black liquor was sampled at
Site BLB-A.  These samples were analyzed for chlorinated benzenes,
chlorinated biphenyls, and chlorinated phenols.
     Table 5-17 summarizes the results of the precursor analyses.  Trace
levels of pentachlorophenols were detected for Run 02, but overall the
specific precursors analyzed for (i.e., chlorobenzenes, chlorophenols, and
chlorinated biphenyls) were not detected.  This suggests that either (i) the
specific precursors analyzed for were not present in the samples, or (ii) the
precursors were not easily detected using the GC/MS procedure.
     Table 5-18 presents the results of the strong black liquor and weak black
liquor total chloride analyses.  The chloride concentration was consistent
among the three test runs.  The greatest deviation of any run from the overall
average was 36 percent for the strong black liquor and 27 percent for the
weak black liquor.  As seen from Table 5-18, the strong black liquor was
roughly 2.5 times as concentrated  as the weak black liquor with respect to
total chloride content.  This increase in chloride content follows" from the
process since the dirty water from the brown stock washers (i.e., weak black
liquor) is sent to an evaporation  system for solids concentration prior to
being fired in the boiler.

5.6  AUXILIARY PROCESS SAMPLE ANALYSES
     In addition to the chloride analysis performed on the black  liquor
samples, chloride analysis was also performed on white liquor, by-product
saltcake, and caustic samples collected at Site BLB-A.  The results of the
strong and weak black liquor chloride analyses are presented above in Section
5.5.  Table 5-19 summarizes the data obtained from the total chloride analyses
of the other process samples mentioned above.  The majority of the chlorine
entering the black liquor circuit  comes from the caustic and the  by-product
salt cake with each contributing 122 and 7.7 ug chlorine/Mg of solids burned,
respectively.
     During the pre-survey plant visit a grab sample of the economizer ash was
taken for dioxin/furan analysis.   All of the homologues were below the
detection limit for the method except for the octa-CDD and hexa-CDF
                                     5-36
-------
   TABLE 5-17.  SUMMARY OF DIOXIN PRECURSOR DATA FOR SITE BLB-A FEED SAMPLES
Precursor Categories
                                        Precursor Concentratiorrriiq/cr (ppm)
                                      	Black Liquor Feed	
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Total Chlorinated Benzenes
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls
Total Chlorinated Phenols
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
  ND
 trace
  ND
  ND
  ND
ND = not detected.
                                        5-37
-------
                         TABLE 5-18.  TOTAL CHLORIDE ANALYSES OF THE BLACK
                                      LIQUOR SAMPLES FOR SITE BLB-A
               Liquor
Run No.
Total Chloride
Concentration
    (ug/g)
          Strong Black Liquor
          Weak Black Liquor
  01
  02
  03
Average

  01
  02
  03
Average
      578
      951
     1159
      896

      320
      506
      369
      398
                                                5-38
-
-------
        TABLE  5-19.
TOTAL CHLORIDE ANALYSES OF AUXILIARY
LIQUOR CIRCUIT SAMPLES AT SITE BLB-A
(ug/g as Cl")

Test Run
01
02
03
Average
Caustic
2900
600
320
1300
By-Product
Salt Cake
1300
120
NS
700
White
Liquor
1600
1300
1700
1500
NS = Not sampled.  By-product salt cake was not being produced
     during Run 03.
                                 5-39
-------
homologues.  Ten parts per trillion of each of these homologues were detected
in the economizer ash sample..  The detection limits for the ash analysis
ranged from 5 to 20 parts per trillion.  The doixin/furan contamination in the
economizer ash was obviously minimal.

5.7  HC1 TRAIN CHLORIDE EMISSIONS DATA
     Table 5-20 summarizes HC1 train chloride emissions data measured at the
electrostatic precipitator outlet sampling location.  The data are reported as
"front-half," "back-half," and "train-total" chloride emissions.  The front-
half emissions represent chlorides captured in the probe rinse/filter fraction
of the HC1 train, which may include metal chlorides contained in the
particulate matter.  The back-half emissions represent chlorides captured in
the HC1 sample train impingers, which would include HC1 and any metal
chlorides that pass through the sample train filter.  The train-total     ;
emissions represent the sum of the front-half and back-half emissions.
     As shown in Table 5-20, the average as-measured train-total chloride
emissions concentration was approximately 98 mg/dscm (1.5 grains/dscf).
Corrected to 3% 02 using the Radian CEM data, this corresponds to
approximately 110 mg/dscm @ 3% 02 (1.7 gr/dscf @ 3% 02).  The average train
total chloride mass emission rate from the ESP outlet exhaust stack was about
22 Kg/hr  (0.97 Ib/hr).  Chloride emissions were predominantly captured in the
back half of the HC1 sample train.
                                     5-40
-------
       TABLE  5-20.
HC1 TRAIN CHLORIDE EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE BLB-A
AT THE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR OUTLET
     Parameter
               Run Ola    Run Olb    Run 02    Run 03
Average
Total Chloride Concentration
(mg/dscm, as measured)
Front Half
Back Half
Train Total
Total Chloride Concentration
(mg/dscm, corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Front Half
Back Half
Train Total
Total Chloride Mass Emission Rate
(Kg/hr)
Front Half
Back Half
Train Total

1.2
108
109

1.4
122
124

0.3
24.7
25

1.2
91.2
92.4

1.3
103
104

0.3
20.4
20.7

1.5
95.3
96.9

1.7
107
109

0.3
20.6
20.9

1.6
91.6
93.2

1.8
103
105

0.4
20.2
20.5

1.4
96.7
98.1

1.5
109
110

0.3
21.5
21.8
Concentration corrected to 3% 02 using the equation:
    [Cl~] @ 3% 02 = [Cl~], as measured x (20.9 - 3)/(20.9 - %02)
    where:  %0~ = oxygen concentration in stack gas as measured by EPA Method 3
              *   (See Table .5-5).
                                         5-41
-------
-------
                   6.0  SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES

     Samples were collected from eight different locations at the test site.
Two of the locations were for gaseous sampling, four were for liquid sampling,
and two were for solid sampling.  The source sampling and analysis matrix in
Table 4-1 lists the sample locations, measured parameters, sampling methods,
and analytical methods that were used.
     Details on the sampling locations and methods are discussed in Section
6.1 through 6.3.  Analytical procedures for continuous monitoring of CO, C02,
02» NOX, S02, and THC are included in Section 6.1.  All other analytical
procedures are discussed in Section 7.

6.1  GASEOUS SAMPLING
     Four types of gaseous samples were taken during this test program:
Modified Method 5 (MM5), HC1, EPA Method 3, and continuous monitoring (CEM).
The sampling locations and methods are further discussed in this section.
6.1.1.  Gaseous Sampling Locations
     6-1.1.1   Electrostatic Precioitator Outlet Exhaust Stark.
     The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet exhaust stack sampling
location is shown as point C in Figure 4-1.  This location was used for dioxin
sampling and HC1 sampling using MM5 procedures described in Section 6.1.2.1
and 6.1.2.2.  Gas velocity, molecular weight, and moisture were determined
using EPA Methods 1 through 4.  In addition, total  reduced sulfur (TRS),  CO,
02, and opacity monitoring were performed by the plant at this location during
the test periods.
     Dimensions of the ESP outlet exhaust stack sampling location are shown in
Figure 6-1.  The- diameter of the circular stack is 10.5 feet.   Sampling ports
were located approximately 4 duct diameters downstream of the connection
between the ESP outlet ducting and the stack, and approximately 7.2 duct
diameters upstream of the top of the stack.  Based on EPA Method 1, a total  of
24 traverse points were required for velocity determination at this location.
                                       6-1
-------
TOP OF STACK
 V
                 10.5'


                 J,
t
      Exhaust Qa«
                                              10.5'-
                         75.5'
                                   SAMPLE PORT DESIGNATION

                                      1 - East  MM5 Sample Port

                                      2 - South MM5 Sampl* Port

                                      3 - HC1 Sampl*  Port
                          42'
      Figure  6-1  Dimensions of Electrostatic Precipitator
                   Outlet Exhaust Stack

                              6-2
-------
      6.1.1.2    Black  Liquor  Boiler Outlet.
      The  black  liquor boiler outlet  sampling  location  (electrostatic
 precipitator  tnlet) is shown as  point  B  in  Figure 4-1.   It consists of  two
 identical  rectangular ductwork sections  that  direct approximately equal
 volumetric flowrates  of .boiler exhaust gases  to the East  and West chambers
 of the  ESP.   Each  of  the two rectangular ductwork sections has four sampling
 ports.  A schematic diagram  of"the ductwork is shown in  Figure 6-2.  This
 location  was  used  for dioxin/furan sampling using MM5  procedures and for
 continuous monitoring of CO,  C02, 02,  total hydrocarbons  (THC), NO , and S02.
 Gas velocity, molecular weight,  and  moisture  were determined using EPA
 Methods 1  through  4.   The dimensions of  the black liquor  boiler outlet
 sampling  locations relative  to the nearest  flow disturbances are shown  in
 Figure 6-3.   The sampling ports  were located  less than 1  duct diameter
 downstream of a 45° bend and less than 1 duct diameter upstream of the  inlet
 to the ESP.   Seven of the ports  were used for MM5 sampling, and the eighth
 port  was  dedicated to the continuous monitoring probe.  Based on EPA Method 1,
 a total of 49 traverse points were^used  for velocity determination at this
 location.
 6.1.2  Gaseous Sampling Procedures
      Gaseous  sampling  procedures used during the testing  are listed in
 Table 6-1. These procedures  are  discussed in detail  in the Tier 4 Quality
 Assurance  Project Plan  (QAPP).  A brief description of each method and any
 necessary  deviations  from the procedures outlined in the QAPP are provided in
 the following section.
      6.1.2.1   Modified Method 5 fHMS).
      Gas  sampling for dioxins and furans was  conducted according to  the
October 1984 draft of the ASME chlorinated organic compound sampling  protocol.
Minor deviations from the ASME protocol are discussed  later in  this  section.
This sampling method is a modified version of  EPA Method  5 that includes a
solid sorbent module for trapping vapor phase  organics.  The  only differences
in the sampling protocol which were not discussed in the  Tier 4 QAPP  are:
                                      6-3
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  sampU ports

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Boiler Exhaust
~   Gas Flow
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                             !I
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               Figure 6-3  Dimensions of Black Liquor  Boiler
                          Outlet Sampling Location
                               6-5
-------
           TABLE 6-1.  SUMMARY OF GAS SAMPLING METHODS FOR SITE 04
     Sample Location
   Sample Type
   or Parameter
       Sample
  Collection Method
 ESP outlet exhaust stack
 (Point C on Figure 4-1)
Black liquor boiler outlet
(Point B on Figure 4-1)
Dioxin
Volumetric Flow
Molecular Weight
Moisture
HC1
Dioxin
Volumetric flow
Molecular weight
Moisture
CO, C09, 00, SO,
NO  and THC    i
monitoring
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2       ;
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4       ;
HC1 train
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
Continuous monitors
                                    6-6
-------
     (1)  Benzene was substituted for hexane or toluene as both the cleanup
          and extractant solvent for both the MM5 filters and the XAD-2
          resin.  This was caused by a discrepancy between the draft ASME
          sampling protocol and the draft ASME analytical protocol.
          (November 16, 1985)
     (2)  Methylene chloride was substituted for hexane as the final field
          rinse solvent for the MM5 train.  Methylene chloride was also
          substituted for hexane in the glassware cleaning procedure.  This
          was caused by a high field blank train.  (February 27, 1985)
The MM5 sampling train was used to collect samples at the ESP outlet exhaust
stack and at the black liquor boiler outlet sampling location.  Following
sample recovery, the various parts of the sample (filter, solvent rinses,
sorbent trap, etc.) were sent to the EPA's Troika laboratories to quantify
2378-TCDD, tetra- through octa-dioxin homologues, and tetra- through octa-
furan homologues.  A total of three MM5 test runs were conducted
simultaneously at each of the two sampling locations, with one test, run being
conducted at each location per test day.  The MM5 samples were collected
isokinetically over a 240-minute on line sampling period at the ESP outlet
with a sample flow rate of approximately 0.75 scfm.  Sampling was performed
during the same time period at the ESP inlet location, but the actual on line
sampling period was approximately 140 minutes.  Multiple filter changes were
required at this location because of the high particulate loading and the
"sticky" nature of the particulate.  The sample flow rate at the ESP inlet was
approximately 0.6 scfm.
     A schematic diagram of the MM5 sampling train is shown in Figure 6-4.
Flue gas is pulled from the stack through a nozzle and a heated glass probe.
Particulate matter is removed from the gas stream by means of a glass fiber
filter housed in a teflon-sealed glass filter holder maintained at 248 +
25 F.  The gas passes through a sorbent trap similar to that illustrated in
Figure 6-5 for removal  of organic constituents.  The trap consists of
separate sections for (1) cooling the gas stream, and (2) adsorbing the
organic compounds on Amber!ite XAD-2R resin (XAD).   A chilled impinger train
following the sorbent trap is used to remove water from the flue gas, and a
dry gas meter is used to measure the sample gas flow.
                                       6-7
-------
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                XAO-2
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        Figure 6-5 Adsorbent Sampling System.
               6-9
-------
      Modifications  to the ASME protocol  that  were  instituted  for this  test
 site  include the following:

      1.    Sample recovery was  modified to  include  water  in  the  sample  train
           rinsing scheme. Water,  acetone,  and  hexane were  used in  series to
           recover the probe,-back-half/coil,  and first impinger samples.
           Previous  black liquor sampling experience  has  shown that  water  is
           necessary because the black liquor  boiler  particulate is  soluble
           in water  but insoluble in  acetone,

      2.    The probe brush is specified in  the ASME protocol as  being inert
           material  with a stainless  steel  handle.  To ensure  cleanliness, a
           separate  nylon bristle brush attachable  to a stainless steel
           handle was used for  each probe cleaning.

      6.1.2.2   HC1  Determination.

      HC1 concentrations in the ESP outlet  exhaust  stack  were  determined using

 another modification of EPA Method 5.  The  sample  train  components  and
 operation  were identical  to those  of Method 5 with the
 following  exceptions:

      1.    No knockout  impinger was used.

      2.    During the first HC1  train run, water in the first  two  impingers
           was  replaced with 0.1  m  NaOH.  During the  remaining HC1 train (HC1
           runs 2 through  4), water in the first two  impingers was replaced
           with 0.1M KOH.   As discussed in Section  4.1 ,  the substitution of
           KOH  for NaOH in the  impingers  was performed at the  suggestion of
           NCASI.  The  intent of  the  substitution was to  eliminate NaCl
           interferences  in the determination  of HC1  emissions by utilizing
           sodium, sulfate, and chloride  material balances on  the impinger
           solutions.   Upon further study of this issue,  it was determined
           that several  additional  chemical  analysis would be  needed to
           remove the potential  NaCl  interference.  The uncertainty of the
           final  result would be  increased according to the uncertainty of
           each  additional  analysis.  As a result, the plan to remove NaCl
           interferences was dropped  and only the chloride analysis results
          were  reported.

          Sampling was single point  isokinetic with the nozzle
          placed  at points in the  stack with approximate average velocity.

          The moisture/NaOH or KOH in the impingers was saved for laboratory
          analysis by  ion chromatography for total  chlorides.   The impinger
          catch was analyzed by Radian's Austin, Texas laboratory.

Recovery of the HC1  train provided a sample consisting of three components:
probe rinse, filter, and back-half rinse/impiriger catch.
3.
4.
                                     6-10
-------
     A total of four HC1 train runs were performed at the ESP outlet stack
sampling location.  HC1 train runs 1 and 2 were performed on sample days.l and
2, while HC1 train runs 3 and 4 were performed on sample day 3.  The fourth
HC1 run was performed because a broken impinger may have invalidated data from
the first-HCl run. The HC1 samples were collected over on-line sample times"of
100 to 175 minutes at a sample flow rate of approximately 0.8 scfm.
     6.1.2.3   Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination.
     The volumetric gas flow rate was determined at the ESP inlet and outlet
sampling locations using EPA Method 2.  Based on this method, the volumetric
gas flow rate was determined by measuring the average velocity of the flue gas
and the cross-sectional area of the duct.  The average flue gas velocity was
calculated from the average gas velocity pressure ( P) across a S-type pi tot
tube, the average flue gas temperature, the wet molecular weight, and the
absolute static pressure.
     6.1.2.4   Flue Gas Moisture Determination.
     The moisture content of the flue gas was determined at the ESP inlet and
outlet sampling locations using EPA Method 4.  Based on this method, a
measured volume of particulate-free gas was pulled through a chilled impinger
train.  The quantity of condensed water was determined gravimetrically and
then related to the volume of gas. sampled to determine the moisture content.
     6-1.2.5   Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination.
     The integrated sampling technique described in EPA Method 3 was used at
the ESP inlet and outlet sampling locations to obtain a composite flue gas
sample for fixed gas (02, C02, N2) analysis.  The fixed gas analysis was used
to determine the molecular weight of the gas stream.   A small  diaphram pump
and a stainless steel  probe were used to extract single point flue gas
samples.  The samples were collected in a TedlarR bag.  Moisture was removed
from the gas sample by a water-cooled condenser so that the fixed gas analysis
is on a dry basis.
     The composition of the gas sample was determined using a Shimadzu Model
3BT analyzer instead of the Fyrite or Orsat analyzer prescribed in EPA
Method 3.   The Shimadzu instrument employs a gas chromatograph and a thermal
conductivity detector to determine the fixed gas composition of the sample.
                                      6-11
-------
      6.1.2.6    Continuous  Monitors.
      Continuous monitoring was  performed  at  the  boiler outlet  sampling
 location  for  0£,  C02,  CO,  NOX,  S02,  and THC  throughout the 4 to 6-hour period
 that  MM5  dioxin sampling was  being conducted each test day.  The primary
 objectives  of the continuous  monitoring effort were to observe fluctuations in
 flue  gas  parameters  and to provide an  indication of combustion conditions.
 Sample  acquisition was accomplished  using an in-stack filter probe and a
 150 ft  length of heat-traced  Teflon  sample  line connected to a mobile
 laboratory.   The  heat-traced  sample  line  was maintained at a temperature of at
 least 120°C to prevent condensation  in the sample line.  The stack gas sample
 was drawn through the  in-stack  filter and sample line using pumps located in
 the mobile laboratory.  Sample  gas to be  analyzed for CO, C02, 02, S02, and
 NOX was pumped through a sample gas  conditioner, which consisted of an ice
 bath  and  knockout trap.  The  sample  gas conditioner removes moisture and thus
 provides a dry gas stream  for analysis.   A separate unconditioned gas stream
 was supplied  to the THC analyzer for analysis on a wet basis.
     An Anarad Model 412 npndispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer was use to
 measure CO and C02; a  Beckman Model  755 paramagnetic analyzer was used to
 measure 02; a  Teco Model 10 chemiluminescent analyzer was used to measure
 NOX; a Teco Model 40 pulsed fluorescence  analyzer was used to measure S02;
 and a Beckman  Model 402 flame ionization  analyzer was used to measure THC.

 6.2  LIQUID SAMPLING
     Four types of liquid  samples were obtained during this test program:
 strong black liquor, caustic  (sodium hydroxide),  white liquor,  and weak black
 liquor.  The corresponding sampling locations are shown on Figure 4-1 as  A,  D,
 E, F, and G, respectively.
 6.2.1  Strong  Black Liquor Sampling
     Strong black liquor samples were taken from the mix tank where liquid
 sulfur is added to the concentrated black liquor from the evaporators.
 Black liquor from the mix tank  is fed directly to the feed guns in the  boiler.
The host site  performs daily strong black liquor sampling at  this location
 using a dipper-type sampler.
                                     6-12
-------
     Three identical composite strong black liquor samples were obtained
during each of the three tests: a 1-liter composite was shipped to Troika for
dioxin analysis, another 1-liter composite was returned to Radian/RTP for
dioxin precursor analysis, and a 125 ml composite was sent to Radian/Austin
for total chlorine arrarlysis.-  The compoisite strong black liquor samples for
each run were comprised of hourly grab samples from the mix tank.  It was
necessary to heat the running hourly sample composite to prevent the sample
from solidifying prior to taking the final sample aliquots.  This was
accomplished by wrapping the sample composite bottle with rubber-coated heat
tape.
6.2.2  Auxiliary Black Liquor Circuit Sampling
     Samples of caustic, white liquor, and weak black liquor were obtained to
indicate the relative amounts of chlorine entering the black liquor circuit
through various input sources. One 125 ml composite sample of each stream was
obtained during each test.  Individual samples were taken twice during each
test run, and the composite sample were prepared accordingly.  The samples
were analyzed for total chlorine content only.  The chlorine-content data was
used in conjunction with mass flow data to determine the relative amounts of
chlorine associated with each potential source of chlorine input to the black
liquor circuit.  The chlorine analysis was performed by the Radian Analytical
Services laboratory in Austin, Texas using ion chromatography.
     Caustic samples were taken from a sample tap in the transfer line leading
from caustic storage to the causticizing area in the pulping circuit.   White
liquor samples were taken from a sample tap on the white liquor storage tank
because there was no sampling location available on the transfer line  leading
from the storage tank to the digesters.  Weak black liquor samples were taken
from a sample tap in the transfer line leading to the concentrators.

6.3  SOLID SAMPLING
     Two types of solid samples were obtained at Site BLB-A:   by-product salt
cake from the C102 generation process and soils from plant property.   The
sampling locations and methods are discussed below.
                                       6-13
-------
 6.3.1   By-product Salt Cake Sampling
     Samples  of by-product salt cake from the  C102  generation  system were
 obtained  during Runs  01 and 02 at Site 04.   This  material  was  not  being
 produced  or fed to the black liquor circuit  during  Run  03,  so  no samples could
 be taken  then.   During Runs 01 and 02,  approximately  300 grams of  wet salt
 cake were obtained twice during the test  run from a rotary filter  used to
 separate  precipitated salt cake from an aqueous by-product  stream  of the CIO
 generation system.  At the end of the test run a  125  g  sample  of the run
 composite was placed  in a 125  ml  bottle and  sent  to Radian's Austin  Texas
 laboratory for  total  chloride  analysis.
 6.3.2  Soil Sampling
     A single composite soil sample comprised of  10 individual  soil  samples
was obtained at  Site  BLB-A.  Soil  sampling protocol for Tiers  3, 5,  6, and 7
of the National  Dioxin  Study are  specified in the document, "Sampling  Guidance
Manual  for the National  Dioxin  Study."  A similar protocol  was  used  for soil
sampling  at this test site.  A  total  of 10 soil sampling locations were
selected  on plant property surrounding the black liquor boiler/power complex.
The 10 Individual soil  sampling locations are shown in Figure 6-6 and  are
listed in Table 6-2.  Soil samples were collected by forcing a bulb planter
into the  soil  to a depth of 3 inches.  The soil samples were then composited
in a clean stainless steel bucket.  Five hundred grams of the composite was
placed in a 950 ml glass amber bottle and returned to Radian/RTP for
archiving.
                                     6-14
-------
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6-15
-------
   TABLE  6-2.   DESCRIPTION  OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS AT SITE BLB-A
 Individual
  Sample
     Sampling Location Description*
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
Near "mill water protection" area  (D9)
Near settling basins  (88)
Near fuel oil tanks (B7)
Near barking drum (C6)
Near clay tanks (E4)
Near technical building (F7)
Near TMP bleach plant (F7)
Near "CLG Tower" (E7)
Near "Hill water protection" area  (D8)
Near No. 3 paper machine (E5)
Sampling location coordinates for Figure 6-5 are listed in parenthesis,
                                  6-16
-------
                           7.0  ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

      Laboratory procedures used to quantify dioxins/furans  and dioxin/furan
 precm-sors  in  the Tier 4 samples are described  in  this  section.   Analyses for
 dioxins/furans were performed by EPA's  ECL-BSL  and EMSL-RTP laboratories.  The
 procedures  used for these analyses are  described  in detail  in the Analytical
 Procedures  and QA Plan for the Analysis of Tetra  through  Octa CDD's and CDF's
 in  Samples  from Tier 4 Combustion and Incineration Processes (addendum to
 EPA/600/3-85-/019,  April,  1985).
      Black  liquor boiler feed samples from Site BLB-A were  analyzed to
 determine concentrations of chlorinated phenols (CP), chlorobenzenes (CB),
 polychlorinated biphenyls  (PCB's),  total  organic halogen  (TOX),  and total
 chlorine.   Procedures  used for these analyses are  detailed  in Section  7.2.

 7.1   DIOXINS/FURANS
      The analytical  procedures described  in  this section were used  for the
determination  of PCDD  and  PCDF in  stack effluent samples  (MM5).   Samples
consisting  of  organic  solvents, aqueous solutions  and solids  were prepared  for
analysis using  slightly  different procedures.   The  organic  solvent  samples
consisted of rinses  from the  MM5 probe, nozzle, filter housing and  condenser
coil.  The  impinger  catch was  an aqueous solution and the solid samples
included the filter  and  XADR  resin.  All aqueous and solid samples were
extracted within  14  days of collection and then stored in this form until
analysis.   Isotopically-labeled surrogate compounds were added to all  samples
prior to extraction  to allow determination of method efficiency and for
quantification p'urposes.
     Organic liquid  samples (acetone and hexane or methylene chloride) were
concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown apparatus.   The residue, which
contained particulates from the train probe and nozzle,  was combined with the
filter and handled as a  solid sample.  Solid samples were extracted with
benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for a period of at  least  16 hours.  The sample
was then concentrated by nitrogen blowdown and subjected to chromatographic
cleanup procedures.
                                     7-1
-------
      Aqueous solutions were extracted with hexane by vigorous shaking for a
 three hour period.   This extraction procedure was repeated three times,  with
 the organic fractions ultimately being combined and concentrated for
 chromatographic cleanup.
      The cleanup procedure involved using liquid chromatographic columns to
 separate the compounds of interest from other compounds  present in the
 samples.   Four different types  of columns were used:  a combination acid  and
 base modified silica gel column,  a basic alumina column,  a PX-21 carbon/eelite
 545 column and a silica/diol  micro column..  These were used in  successive
 steps, with the last two being  used only if necessary.
      The cleaned samples were analyzed using high resolution  gas
 chromatography/high  resolution  mass spectrometry (GC/MS).   The  conditions for
 the analyses  were as follows:

 Gas Chromatoqraph -  Injector  configured for capillary  column, split!ess
 injection,  injector  temperature 280°C,  helium carrier  gas  at  1.2 ml/min,
 initial  column temperature 100°C:  final  column temperature 240°C,  interface
 temperature 270°C.

 Mass  Spectrometer -  Varian/MAT  Model  311A,  electron energy 70ev,  filament
 emission  IMA,  mass resolution 8,000 to 10,000,  ion source  temperature  270°C.

 7.2  DIOXIN/FURAN PRECURSORS
      Feed samples for  Site BLB-A were analyzed by Radian/RTP  for chlorophenols
 (CP), chlorobenzenes  (CB)  and polychlorinated  biphenyls (PCB's)  by GC/MS,
 total organic  halides  (TOX) by  GC/Hall  detector,  and total  chlorine  by Parr
 Bomb  combustion"foilowed by ion chromatography.   Analytical procedures are
 discussed  in the  following sections.
 7.2.1  GC/MS Analyses
     The  analytical procedures used  for determining CP, CB, and  PCB
concentrations  in feed samples are modified versions of procedures typically
used for the analysis of MM5 train components.
     7.2.1.1  Sample Preparation
     A flow chart for the sample preparation procedure used for Site BLB-B
feed samples is shown in Figure 7-1.  The first step involved adding 200 ml of
                                      7-2
-------
                                                         25g Sample
                                                       Add 200ml. MeOH
                                                1.0 mL Base/Neutral Surrogatea
                                                    1.0 mL Acid Surrogates— ---
                                                    Sonicate with Methanol
                                                        for 3O mlnutea
                                                  Filter thru Buchner and add
                                                 88 ml. MeCI2 and Dlatllled HjO
                                                  Extract  3x with SO mL MsCI.
                                                     In Separatory Funnel
  Dlaeard
Aqueoua Layer
                                     Aqueoua
                                                                                 Organic
   Adjust to pH 2 with HCI;
Extract with 5O mL MeCI2 (3x)
   Olacard
Aqueoua Layer
                                                       Olacard Acid and
                                                        Aqueoua Layer*
  Cleanup with NaHCO3 (2«)    |
 Add 30 mL Concantratod  H.SO.;
Shake 4 mlnutea: Alternate with
    30 mL Olatllled H2O;
    Repeat until Acid la clear
                     Filter MeClg thru Na.SO. Filter
                                                                         |    Filter through Na2SO4 FIlteT
                        Add 1O mL Benzene;
                        Concentrate to 1 mL
                                                          Add 10 mL Hexanea;
                                                          Concentrate to 1 mL
                    To 1 mL Benzene Add:
                      2.0 mL lao Octane
                      2.0 mL Acetonltrlle
                       SO  uL Pyrldlne
                       2O  uL Acetic Anhydride
                                  Pre-wet Column
                                    with 2O mL
                                     Hexanea
Chromatography Column with:
     1.0 g Silica
     2.0 g 33% NaOH Silica
     2.0 g Silica
                      Put In 60°C H2O Bath for
                       15 minute*, Shaking
                     3O «eeond* every 2 mlnutea
                                                                             Elute with 90 mL Hexanea;
                                                                               Concentrate to 1 mL
                                                                          Mini-Column with 1.0 g Alumina
                        Add e mL of 0.01 £
                             Shake 2 minute*
                                                        Elute with 20 mL SO/SO
                                                            MeCI2/Hexanea
                                                 Add Quantltatlon Standard*:
                                                   Concentrate to 1 mL
                                                      GC/M3 Analysis
                             Figure  7-1.
                        Sample preparation  flow diagram  for
                        Site  BLB-A precursor analyses.
                                               7-
-------
 methanol  to the sample.   The next step in the procedure involved adding
 labeled surrogate compounds to provide a measure of extraction method
 efficiency.  The next step involved sonicating the sample for 30 minutes.   The
 sonicated sample was filtered and rinsed with 85 mL methylene chloride (MeCK)
 and distilled H20.   The  filtrate was extracted three times with 50 ml MeCK in
 a separatory funnel  and  the resulting aqueous and organic fractions saved  for
 derivatization and/or further cleanup.   TJiese procedures  involve initial
 extraction of the sample with an appropriate  solvent,  preliminary separation
 of the  compounds of  interest by solvent partitioning and  liquid
 chromatography,  and  analysis of the processed fractions.   Solutions containing
 CB and  PCB are injected  directly into the GC/MS,  and solutions  containing  CP
 are derivatized  prior to injection.   Details  on  the  procedures  used for Site
 05 samples are provided  in  the  sections below.
     The  aqueous fraction  (or acids  portion)  was  acidified  to pH  2  with HC1
 and then  extracted three times  with  MeCl2, followed  by two  extractions with
 NaHCOg.   The  MeCl2 from  this  extraction was dried with anhydrous  Na2S04,
 exchanged to  benzene,  and concentrated  using  a nitrogen blowdown  apparatus.
 Acetylation of any CP  present in the  sample involved the following  steps:

     1.    Add  2.0 ml  isooctane, 2.0 mL  acetonitrile, 50 uL  pyridine, and 20
           uL  acetic anhydride to the  extract.  Put the test tube  containing
           the  extract  in a  60°C water bath for 15 minutes,  shaking 30 seconds
           every  2 minutes.
           Add  6  ml of  0.01  N  H3P04 to the test tube and agitate the sample for
           2 minutes on a wrist  action shaker.
           Remove the organic  layer and  add the quantitation standard.
           Concentrate  the sample in a Reacti-Vial at room temperature (using
           prepurified  NZ) to  1 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.

Cleanup of the organic (or  base/neutrals) layer from the initial MeCl2
extraction involved successively washing the extract with concentrated hLSO,
and deionized water.   The acid or water was added in a 30 ml portion and the
sample was shaken for two minutes.  After the aqueous and organic layers were
completely separated, the aqueous or acid layer was discarded.  The acid
2.

3.
                                      7-4
-------
washing procedure was  repeated  until the acid layer was colorless.  The  sample
was then dried with  anhydrous Na2S04, exchanged  into hexanes  and concentrated.
Final cleanup of the sample by  column chromatography involved the following
procedure.
    -A glass macro-column, 20 mm o.d..x 230. mm, in length, taper to 6 mm  o.d.
on one end was prepared.  The column was packed  with a plug of silanized glass,
wool, followed successively by  1.0 g silica, 2.0 g silica containing 33% (w/w)
1 M NaOH, and 2.0 g  silica.  The concentrate was quantitatively transferred to
the column and eluted  with 90 ml hexanes.  The entire eluate  was collected and
concentrated to a volume of 1 ml in a centrifuge tube, as above.
     A disposable liquid chromatography mini-column was constructed by cutting
off a 5-mL Pyrex disposable pipette at the 2.0 ml mark and packing the lower
portion of the tube  with a small plug of siliconized glass wool, followed by 1
g of Woehlm basic alumina, which has been previously activated for at least 16
hours at 600°C in a  muffle furnace and cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes
just before use.  The  concentrated eluate from above was quantitatively
transferred onto the liquid chromatography column, and the centrifuge tube was
rinsed consecutively with two 0.3-ml portions of a 3 percent MeCK:hexanes
solution,  and the rinses were transferred to the chromatography column.
     The column was eluted with 20 mL of a 50 percent (v/v)  MeCK:hexanes,  and
the elute.was retained.  The retained fraction was concentrated to  a volume of
approximately 1.0 ml by heating the tubes in a water bath  while passing  a
stream of prepurified N2 over the solutions.   The quantitation standard  was
added and the final  volume was adjusted to 1.0 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
     7.2.1.2  Analysis
     Analyses for CP, CB and PCBs present in the feed sample extracts  were
performed using-a Finnigan Model 5100 mass spectrometer using selected ion
monitoring.   A fused silica capillary column was used for  chromatographic
separation of the compounds of interest.   Analytical  conditions for  the  GC/MS
analysis are shown in Table 7-1.
     Tuning  of the GC/MS was performed daily as specified  in the Tier  4  QA
Project Plan.  An internal  standard calibration procedure  was used  for sample
quantitation.  Compounds of interest were calibrated against a fixed
concentration of either d12-chrysene (CB,  PCB)  or dg-naphthalene (CP).
                                      7-5
-------
         TABLE 7-1.   INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS FOR GC/MS PRECURSOR ANALYSES
 Parameter
 Chlorobenzenes/
 Polychlorinated Biphenyls
                                                             Chlorophenols
 Column
 Injector Temperature
Column Head Pressure


He flow rate


GC program




Emission Current


Electron Energy


Injection Mode



Mode
 30  m WB  DB-5  (1.0  u  film
 thickness)  fused silica
 capillary


 290°C
Separator Oven Temperature    290°C
9 psi


1 mL/min


40(4)-290°C,

10°/min & hold


0.50 ma


70 ev
Splitless 0.6 min,
then 10:1 split
Electron ionization, Selected Ion
Monitoring
290°C
                              290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(1)-290°C,

12°/min & hold
0.50 ma
70 ev
                                         7-6
-------
Compounds of the calibration solution are shown in Table 7-2.  For multi-point
calibrations, this solution was injected at levels of 10, 50, 100, and 150
ng/mL.
     Compound identification was confirmed by comparison of chromatographic
retention times and mass spectra of unknowns-with retention-times and ma;ss-
spectra for reference compounds.  Since the selected ion monitoring technique
was necessary for the types of samples analyzed, care was taken to monitor a
sufficiently wide mass region to avoid the potential for reporting false
positives.
     The instrument detection limit was estimated to be approximately 500
picograms on column.  For a 50 g sample and 100 percent recovery of the
analyte, this corresponds to a feed sample detection limit of 10 ppb.

7.3  TOTAL CHLORINE ANALYSIS
     Total chlorine concentrations in feed samples were determined by Parr
Bomb combustion followed by ion chromatography (1C).  A 0.5g sample was placed
in the Parr Bomb with 10 mL of a 50 g/L Na2C03 solution.  After combustion of
the samples according to standard procedures (ASTM 2015), the contents of the
bomb were rinsed-into a 100 mL flask and diluted to 100 mL.   The resulting
solution was analyzed for chloride concentration (Cl") by 1C using standard
anion conditions.  For samples difficult to combust (such as sludges), 25
drops of paraffin oils were added to the bomb prior to combustion.
                                     7-7
-------
               TABLE 7-2.   COMPONENTS OF THE CALIBRATION SOLUTION
 Base/Neutrals
                           \
 4-chlorobiphenyl
 3,3'-di chlorobi phenyl
 2,4*,5-trichlorobiphenyl
 3,3'4,4>-tetrachlorobiphenyl
 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobi phenyl
 2,2,4,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl
 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl
 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octachlorobiphenyl
 2,2',3,3',4,4>,5,6,6)-nonachlorobiphenyl
 decachlorobiphenyl
 p-dichlorobenzene
 1,2,4-tri chlorobenzene
 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
 pentachlorobenzene
 hexachlorobenzene
 d4-l,4-dichlorobenzene  (SS)1
 3-bromobiphenyl (SS)
 2,2',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl (SS)
 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexabromobiphenyl (SS)
octachloronaphthalene   (QS)2
dj0-phenanthrene (QS)
d12-chrysene (QS)
 2,5-dichlorophenol
 2,3-dichlorophenol
 2,6-dichlorophenol
 3,5-dichlorophenol
 3,4-dichlorophenol
 2,3,5-trichlorophenol
 2,3,6-trichlorophenol
 3,4,5-trichlorophenol
 2,4,5-trichlorophenol
 2,3,4-trichlorophenol
 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol
 pentachlorophenol
 dg-phenol (SS)
 d^.-2-chlorophenol (SS)
  Cg-pentachlorophenol (SS)
 dg-naphthalene (QS)
 2,4,6-tribromophenol (QS)
djQ-phenanthrene (QS)
dj2chrysene (QS)
1
 Surrogate standard.
•Quantitation standard.
                                      7-8
-------
               8.0  QUALITY ASSURANCE/ QUALITY CONTROL  (QA/QC)

      This section summarizes the results of quality assurance and quality
 control  (QA/QC)  activities for Site BLB-A.   The flue gas  and ash dioxin/furan
 data  for this  site were generally within the QC specifications  presented in
 the Tier 4 QAPP.   All  of the surrogate recoveries  for labeled TCDDs  were
 within the specified  limits of 50 to 120 percent.   The surrogate recoveries
 for the  ESP outlet, Run 02 sample was the only run not within the QC limits of
 40 to 120 percent for  hepta- and octa-CDDs.   The results  of  the  analysis of
 the fortified  laboratory QC sample were  all  within 33  percent of the true
 value which  is well within the Tier 4 objective of + 50 percent.   These  data
 indicate  that  the dioxin/furan results are within  accuracy criteria  specified
 for Tier  4.
     The  dioxin/furan  precursor analysis  of  the feed  samples  was  not as
 accurate  as  the dioxin/furan homologue analysis.   Surrogate  recoveries of the
 base neutrals  fraction  were generally within  the specified QC limits of  + 50
 percent;  however,  the  surrogate acid  fractions  were generally below  the
 specified  limits.   In  spite of the  low recoveries  of the  acid fractions,  the
 dioxin/furan precursor  results  are  considered  a reasonable approximation  of
 the true  precursor concentration  in the  feed  samples.
     The  following sections  summarize the results  of all  Site BLB-A  QA/QC
 activities.  Manual gas  sampling  methods  are  considered in Section 8.1 and
 continuous emission monitoring  and molecular weight determinations are
 considered in Section 8.2.   The  laboratory analysis QA/QC activities  are
 summarized in Section 8.3.

 8.1  MANUAL GAS SAMPLING
     Manual gas sampling methods  used at Site 04 included Modified Method 5
 (MM5), the HC1  acid train  and EPA Methods 1 through 4.  These methods are
discussed  in Section 6.0.  Quality assurance and quality control  (QA/QC)
 activities for the manual methods centered around 1) equipment calibration,
2) glassware precleaning, 3) procedural QC checks and 4) sample custody
procedures.  Key activities and QC results in each  of these areas are
                                     8-1
-------
 discussed in this section.   Also discussed are problems encountered that may
 have affected data quality.
      Pretest calibrations or inspections were conducted on pi tot tubes,
 sampling nozzles, temperature sensors and analytical  balances.   Both pre-
 and post-test calibrations  were also performed on dry gas meters,  All  of
 this equipment met the calibration criteria specified in the QAPP.•-
 Differences in pre- and post-test dry gas meter calibrations were  less than
 3.4 percent.
      An extensive precleaning procedure was implemented for all  sample train
 glassware and sample containers.  This cleaning procedure,  which is outlined
 in  Table 8-1, was implemented to minimize the potential  for sample
 contamination with substances that could potentially  interfere with the
 analysis for dioxins and furans.  To minimize the potential  for
 contamination in  the field,  all  sample train  glassware was  kept  capped until
 use and a controlled environment was maintained in the recovery  trailer
 during  sample train assembly and recovery.
      Procedural QC activities during manual gas sampling  focused on:
           inspecting equipment visually
           collecting sampling train  blanks
           ensuring the  proper location  and  number of  traverse points
           conducting pre-test,  port  change, and post-test sample train
           leak checks
           maintaining proper  temperatures at  the  filter housing,  sorbent
           trap and  impinger train
           maintaining isokinetic sampling rates,  and
           recording  all data  on preformatted data sheets.
     Results of "isokinetic calculations for the MM5 test runs are shown in
Table 8-2.  As shown in Table 8-2, the average  isokinetic sampling rate for
the HM5 and sampling trains achieved the QA objective of + 10 percent for all
test runs.
     Sample custody procedures used during this program emphasized careful
documentation of the samples collected and the use of chain-of-custody
records for samples to be transported.  Steps taken to identify and document
samples collected included labeling each sample with a unique alphanumeric
                                       8-2
-------
                 TABLE 8-1.  GLASSWARE PRECLEANING PROCEDURE
NOTE:  USE DISPOSABLE GLOVES AND ADEQUATE VENTILATION
1.  Soak all glassware in hot soapy water (Alconox )  50° C or higher.
2.  Distilled/ deionized H20 rinse (X3)a
3.  Chromerge  rinse if glass, otherwise skip to 6.
4.  High purity liquid chromatography grade FLO rinse (X3).
5.  Acetone rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
6.  Hexane rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
7.  Cap glassware with clean glass plugs or hexane rinsed aluminum foil

a (X3) = three times.
                                    8-3
-------
            TABLE 8-2.  SUMMARY OF ISOKINETICS RESULTS
                        FOR MM5 SAMPLING TRAINS, SITE BLB-A
Run
01
02
03
ESP Outlets
Isokinetics
91.7
106.5
108.8
Meets OC
Objective?
Yes
Yes
Yes
ESP Inlet
Isokinetics
92.5
98.7
104.7
Meets QC
Objective?
Yes
Yes
Yes
NOTE:  The quality assurance objective for MM5 sampling was
       isokinetics of 100 + 10 percent.
                               8-4
-------
 code and logging the sample in a master sample logbook.   All  samples shipped
 to Troika or returned to Radian were also logged on chain-of-custody records
 that were signed by the sampler at shipment and then by  the receiving
 laboratory when the samples arrived.  Each sample container was also sealed
 with  chain-of-custody seal  so that the container could  not be opened
 without  tearing the seal.

 8.2  CONTINUOUS MONITORING/ MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
      Flue gas parameters monitored continuously during the  MM5 test  runs
 included CO,  C02,  02,  total  hydrocarbons (THC),  S02 and  NOX.   Concentrations
 of C02,  02,  and N2 were also determined for integrated bag  samples of stack
 gas.   Quality control  results for these analyses are discussed in this
 section.
      Drift check and quality control  standard analys-is results for the
 continuously  monitored flue gas parameters are summarized in Table 8-3.  The
 acceptance criterion for drift checks was  an  instrument  drift  within +10
 percent.   All  data reduction was  performed by assuming a linear drift of
 instrument response over the test day.   The largest calibration drifts were
 observed  for  CO and C02,  both of  which  exceeded  acceptance  criterion  for
 two  of the three test  runs.   The  instrument showing  the  smallest drift was the
 Op  monitor.
      The  quality control standards  for  this program  consisted  of mid-range
 standards  that  were  not  used  for  instrument calibration  but were analyzed
 immediately after  calibration  to  provide data on day-to-day instrument
 variability.  The  acceptance  criterion for each control  standard was
 agreement within ±10 percent  of the running mean value.   All of the
 instruments met "this criterion on each test day except for the CO monitor.
However,  failure of the CO monitor to meet the acceptance criterion during
test runs 2 and 3  is not entirely unexpected.  The QC standard (2060 ppmv)  was
above the calibration range selected for the CO instrument during these test
runs  (0 to 520 ppmv) and, the CO instrument shows some non-linearity at low
concentrations.  The instrument was calibrated at a low  range to maximize
instrument accuracy near the CO levels present in the flue gas.
                                     8-5
-------
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8-7
-------
      Molecular weight was determined by analyzing integrated bag samples of
 stack gas for C02, 02, and N2.  Quality control for this analysis involved
 duplicate analyses of calibration gases immediately before and after sample
 analysis.  Analysis of the calibration was to be repeated until  two
 consecutive analyses within +5 percent were obtained.   This same criterion
 of +5 percent applied to duplicate analyses required for each sample quanti-
 tation.   These criteria were met for all  molecular weight determinations where
 valid integrated bag samples were obtained.

 8.3  LABORATORY ANALYSIS
      QA/QC activities were carried out for dioxin/furan,  precursor,  and total
 chloride analyses performed on Site BLB-A samples.   The dioxin/furan analyses
 of MM5 train samples performed by Troika  are considered in Section  8.3.1;  the
 precursor analyses of black liquor boiler feed samples  performed by Radian/RTP
 are considered in Section 8.3.2; and the  total  chloride analyses of HC1  train
 samples  and process samples performed by  Radian/Austin  are considered in
 Section  8.3.3.
 8.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
      Two individual topics related to the dioxin/furan  analyses  at  Site
 BLB-A are discussed in this section.   Analytical  recoveries  of labeled
 surrogate compounds spiked onto MM5 train samples are reported in Section
 8.3.1.1.   Sample blank data are reported  in Section  8.3.1.2.
      8.3.1.1    Surrogate  Recoveries of the Test
     Table 8-4 presents the  analytical recovery data reported by Troika for
four isotopically labeled surrogate compounds spiked onto the MM5 train
samples.  Samples were spiked with all four of the surrogates.  The surrogate
recovery results" generally met the Tier 4 QA criteria of 50 to 120 percent
recovery for the tetrachlorinated surrogates and 40 to 120 percent recovery
for the hepta- and octa-chlorinated surrogates.
     8.3.1.2   Sample Blanks
     Table 8-5 summarizes the analytical  results reported by Troika for
internal laboratory blanks,  laboratory fortified quality control  (QC)
samples, proof blank MM5 train samples, and field recovery blank MM5 train
samples.  In general, the data showed good surrogate recoveries,  with  values
                                      8-8
-------
           TABLE 8-4.  PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR SITE BLB-A
                                 DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSES

Sampl e
MM5 Train Samples
Inlet
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Outlet
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Economizer Ash
a
37C1
U4
TCDD


90
100
96

94
85
100

-
13C
TCDD


90
106
62

88
91
98

89
__
Cl
U4
Hepta-CDD


55
40
53

47
34
48

-
•"l3c - •'-
Octa-CDD


76
66
42

49
51
63

93
A single economizer ash sample was taken during the pre-survey.
                                   8-9
-------
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                                                         8-10
-------
 ranging  from 42  to  106  percent.   Comparison  of the  measured and  spiked
 values for  the laboratory fortified  QC  samples showed  agreement  well  within
 the  Tier 4  target of +  50 percent.   Dioxin and furan species were
 non-detectable in the proof blank MM5 train  sample  except  the octa-CDD isomer
 for  which 0.5 ng was detected.-   Small but detectable quantities  of hepta-CDD3
 octa-CDD and tetra-CDF  were found in the field blank MM5 trains.   The octa-CDD
 isomer was  detected  in  the inlet and outlet  field blanks in quantities of 0.8
 and  1.0  ng,  respectively.   The tetra-CDF isomer was detected at  the inlet but
 was  non-detectable  in the outlet field  blank.   Finally, 0.5 ng of  the
 hepta-CDD isomer was detected at the outlet.   Table 8-6 gives a  comparison of
 the  dioxin/furan analytical  results  for the  field blank and test run  MM5
 trains.   For the inlet  values, only  the octa-CDD homologue  had a detectable
 field blank value, equal  to 50 percent  of the  minimum  test  run value.
 However,  for the outlet data, the hepta-CDD, octa-CDD, and  tetra-CDF
 isomers  had reported field blank values equal  to 100,  77, and 40 percent of
 the  minimum test run value,  respectively.  This indicates that there  might
 have been some blanking problems at  Site BLB-A.  Emissions  data reported in
 Section  5.4 are  not  blank-corrected.
 8.3.2  Precursor Analyses
     Table  8-7 presents analytical recovery  efficiencies for seven
 isotopically labeled compounds used  as  surrogates for  the target precursor
 analytes  in the  Site BLB-A feed  samples.  The  surrogate recovery values in
 Table 8-7 vary considerably by specific surrogate species but are  fairly
 uniform  between  runs  for  the same species.   Several of the  recoveries  are
 below the 50 percent  objective stated in the Tier 4 QA Project Plan and are
 below those  generally considered  achievable when analyzing  for similar
 compounds in water or from MM5 train components.  In spite  of the relatively
 low  surrogate recovery values for some  of the  feed samples, the resulting
 analytical  sensitivity for  the target analytes was considered acceptable for
 the  purpose  of this study.
8.3.3  Total Chloride Analysis
     Total chloride analyses were performed by Radian/Austin on the HC1 train
samples.   QA/QC activities  include total chloride analysis  of field recovery
blank HC1 train samples  and total chloride analysis of an aliquot of NaOH
                                      8-11
-------
     TABLE 8-6.  FIELD BLANK DIOXIN/FURAN DATA FOR SITE BLB-A MM5 SAMPLES
                                 Amount Detected. N_ang_qrams per Train
Isomer/Homologue
Field Blank Value
Inlet     Outlet
                                        Minimum Test Run Value
                                 Percentage'
         Inlet
        Outlet
        Inlet
       Outlet
Dloxins

  2378 TCDD
  Other TCDD
  Penta CDD
  Hexa CDD
  Hepta CDD
  Octa CDD

Furans
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 0.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.5
1.0
ND
0.05
ND
0.2
0.5
1.6
ND
0.3
ND
0.8
0.5
1.3
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
50
  0
  0
  0
  0
100
 77
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.5
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.2
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
40
0
0
0
0
 Percentage shown is the ratio of the field blank value to the minimum test
 run value, expressed as a percentage.
                                     8-12
-------
     TABLE 8-7.  PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES  FOR SITE  BLB-A  FEED  SAMPLES
Surrogate Compound
Run 01
                                            Percent Surrtfqate Recdve'ry
                                                 Black Liquor Feed
 Run 02
Run 03
Average
d^-dichlorobenzene
bromobiphenyl
2', 5,5' tetrabromobi phenyl
dg-phenol
d^-2-chlorophenol
  C -pentachlorophenol
   6
  35
 114
 135
  ND
  21
  92
  100
   98
   84
12,78,77
26,104,96
35,79,68
  85
  92
  80
  25
  41
  40
  73
 101
 100
  38
  58
  63
                                     8-13
-------
solution used in the sample train impinger rinses.  Less than 1 mg/1
chloride was detected in the aliquot of NaOH solution analyzed, while
chloride concentrations of 2 and 1 mg/1 were detected in the front and back
halves of the field recovery blank train samples, respectively.  These
values were well below the typical test run values for this site.
                                     8-14
-------
        APPENDIX A-l





    MODIFIED METHOD 5 AND



EPA METHODS 1-4 FIELD RESULTS
            A-l
-------
-------
             METHOD
               DATA)
   RADIAN
   EPA
   (RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
                   SOURCE
      TEST
2 - -5
                       SITE 04

                       LOCATION B-ESP INLET
                       04-MM5T-B1
                       12/11/84
                       1420-2249
PARAMETER                          VALUE
Sampling time (min.)                240
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)         29.58
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)      .312
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)               150.9299
Meter Pressure (in.H20)             1.585208
Meter Temperature (F)               80.97916
Stack dimension (sq.in.)            15840
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)     -10
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)       1026.1
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)      28.84471
Average stack temperature (F)       350.9375
Percent C02                         14
Percent 02                          5
Percent N2                          79
Delps Subroutine result             16.92305
DGM Factor                          .9947
Pitot Constant                      .84
                      A-3
-------
   RADIAN   SOURCE
   EPA   METHODS    2
   FINAL   RESULTS
          T
          5
E S T
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE 04
LOCATION B-ESP
04-MM5T-B1
12/11/84
1420-2249
   INLET
   PARAMETER
       RESULT
   VmCdscf)
   Vm(da cm)
   Vv gaa(scf)
   Vw ga a ( s cm )
   Z moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   2 I
   % EA
        145.4338
        4.118685
        48.38062
        1.370139
        24.96234
        .7503766
        29.88
        26.91447
        2616.968
        797 .8562
        287866.5
        8152.379
        135588.1
        3839.854
        92.64972
        31.53381
                                       Program Rev ision : I/ 16/ 8J
                     A-4
-------
     RADIAN   SOURCE
     EPA   METHOD   2 -
     ( R A W   DATA)
  PLANT                SITE 04
  PLANT SITE
  SAMPLING LOCATION
  TEST #
  DATE
  TEST PERIOD
          TEST
LOCATION B-ESP
04-MM5T-B2
12/12/84
1100-1541
INLET
PARAMETER
            VALUE
Sampling time (min.)                144
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)         29.52
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)      .312
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)               93.8
Meter Pressure (in.H20)             1.632083
Meter Temperature (F)               88.98959
Stack dimension (sq.in.)            15840
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)     -10
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)       700.2
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)      28.78471
Average stack temperature (F)       353'.3542
Percent C02                         14
Percent 02                          5
Percent N2                          79
Delps Subroutine result             16.67247
DGM Factor                          .9973
Pitot Constant                      .84
                       A-5
-------
   RADIAN   SOURCE
   EPA   METHODS    2
   FINAL   RESULT.S
PLANT                 SITE  04
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
          TEST
          5
LOCATION B-ESP INLET
04-MM5T-B2
12/12/84
1100-1541
   PARAMETER
       RESULT
   Vm(dacf)
   Vm ( d s cm )
   Vw gas(scf)
   Vw gas (scm)
   Z moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   Z I
   Z EA
        89.12821
        2.524111
        33 .01443
        .9349686
        27 .02941
        .729706
        29.88
        26.66891
        2592.76
        790.4756
        285203.6
        8076.967
        129974.3
        3680.871
        98.72038
        31.53381
                                       Program  Revision:I/16/8<
                     A-6
-------
     RADIAN   SOURCE    TEST
     EPA   METHOD    2-5
     (RAW   DATA)
  PLANT
  PLANT SITE
  SAMPLING LOCATION
  TEST #   .   . .  .
  DATE
  TEST PERIOD
SITE 04

LOCATION B-ESP INLET
Q4-MM5T-&3  ™	
12/13/84
1230-1658
PARAMETER
                                   VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressureCin Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
             141
             29.5
             .312
             90.3589
             1 .525532
             94.31914
             15840
            -10
             830
             28.76471
             353 .1915
             14
             5
             79
             16 .15068
             .9973
             .84
                      A-7
-------
   RADIAN   SOURCE
   EPA   METHODS    2
   FINAL   RESULTS
PLANT                SITE 04
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
          TEST
          5
LOCATION B-ESP INLET
0.4-MM5T-B3
12/13/84
123Q-1658
   PARAMETER
       RESULT
   Vm(dscf)
   Vm ( d s cm)
   Vv gas(scf)
   Vv gas (scm)
   % moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   Z I
   Z EA
        84.95314
        2.405873
        39.1345
        1.108289
        31 .53779
        .6846221
        29.88
        26 .13331
        2538.104
        773.8123
        279191 .5
        7906.702
        119314.3
        3378.981
        104.6838
        31.53381
                                       Program  Revision:I/16/
                    A-8
-------
     RADIAN    SOURCE   TEST
             METHOD   2
   EPA
   ( R A W
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST f
DATE
TEST PERIOD
               DATA)
                       SITE 04

                       LOCATION C-ESP OUTLET
                       04-MM5T-C1
                       12/11/84
                       •1420-2020
PARAMETER
                                   VALUE
Sair.pl ing tin-e (r. in.)                24C
Barometric Pressure (in.He)         29.55
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)      .309
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)               193.1
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)             2.264
Meter Temperature (F)               91.85714
Stack dimension (sq.in.)            12076.31
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)     -.85
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)       1287.2
Absolute &tack pressure(in He)      29.5175
Average stack temperature (FT       346.72
Percent CC2                         14
Percent 02                          5
Percent N2                          77
Delps Subroutine result             21.35512
DGM Factor                          .9945
P1tot Constant                      .84
                       A-9
-------
   P. A D  I
   EPA
   F I N  A
FLAM
PLANT SITE
SAt-PLJN'G  LO
TEST f
HAlf-
TE?T HEM CD
A r S 0 URGE T
M E T K f. C S 2 - 5
L RESULTS

CAT! Or


SITE -04
LOCAT1C!-1 i:-t-
04-f/.f'5T-Cl
1420-2C20
E


SH


                                  S  T
                                   CU'ILf-.T
PARAMETER
                             RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas  (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
FT ow (acnspi)
Flow(dscfr.i)
Flow (dsctrr;)
£ I
?- F.A
                              182.6704
                              5.173226
                              60.69148
                              1.718783
                              24.93878
                              .7506123
                              29.32
                              26.49693
                              3290.109
                              1003.082
                              275919.3
                              7814.033
                              133729.4
                              37t«7.215
                              91.70972
                                    Prccrai.-.  Hfcvis ii-n : I/ I
                  A-10
-------
      RAD
      EPA
IAN
            W
  M E T H
    DAT
   ( R A
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0 U R C E T E
0 D 2-5
A )
c TTC CIA
3 1 1 C U *»
LOCATION C-ESP
04-MM5T-C2
12/12/84
1100-1615
S T
OUTLET
 PARAMETER                           VALUE
 Sampling  time  (mtn.)           .      240
 Barometric  Pressure  (In.Hg)          29.58
 Sampling  nozzle  diameter  (1n.)       .309
 Meter  Volume  (cu.ft.)                196.481
 Meter  Pressure  (1n.H20)              2.483333
 Meter  Temperature  (F)                30.09375
 Stack  dimension  (sq.ln.)             12076.31
 Stack  Static Pressure  (1n.H20)     -.85
 Stack  Moisture Collected  (gm)        1394.2
.Absolute  stack pressure(1n Hg)       29.5175
 Average stack temperature  (F)        343.4167
 Percent C02                          14.1
 Percent 02                           5.6
 Percent N2                           77
 Delps  Subroutine result              20.82071
 DGM Factor                           .9945
 P1tot  Constant                       .84
                       A-ll
-------
   RADIAN
   EPA   MET
   FINAL   R
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST f
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE
HODS   2
E S U L T S
    SITE 04
T E
5
S T
    LOCATION C-ESP OUTLET
    04-MM5T-C2
    12/12/84
    110J-161.5
   PARAMETER
           RESULT
   VmCdscf)
   Vm(dscm)
   Vw gas(scf)
   Vw gas (scm)
   % moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   % I
   % EA
            209.4061
            5.930381
            65.73653
            1.861658
            23.8918
            .761082
            29.556
            26.79506
            3189.879
            972.5241
            267513.6
            7575.986
            132004.4
            3738.365
            106.5056
            38.02282
                                      Program Revision: 1/16/81
                    A-12
-------
     RADIAN   SOURCE   TEST
     EPA   METHOD   2-5
   .  < R A W   • D A T A )
  PLANT                SITE 04
  PLANT SITE
  SAMPLING LOCATION    LOCATION C-ESP OUTLET
  TEST #               04-MM5T-C3
  DATE                , 12/13/84
  TEST PERIOD          0945-1527
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampl1ng time (mln.)
Barometric Pressure (In.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.1n.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(1n Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pltot Constant
 240
 29.5
 .309
 194.437
 2.4
 30.69792
 12076.31
-.85
 1511
 29.4375
 341.625
 14.7
 4.27
 76.9
 20.41842
 .9945
 .84
                       A-13
-------
   R A D I A
   E'P A   M
   FINAL
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST f
DATE
TEST PERIOD
N   SOURCE
E T H 0 D S   2
  RESULTS
        SITE 04
T E
5
S T
        LOCATION C-ESP OUTLET
        04-MM5T-C3
        12/13/84
        0945-1527
   PARAMETER
               RESULT
   Vm(dscf) '
   Vm(dscm)
   Vw gas(scf)
   Vw gas (scm)
   % moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   % I
   % EA
                206.3736
                5.844499
                71.24365
                2.01762
                25.66255
                .7433745
                29.3664
                26.44949
                3152.89
                961.247
                264411.6
                7488.137
                127376.8
                3607.31
                108.7766
                26.6349
                                      Program Rev 1 s 1on: I/16/8-
                      A-14
-------
             APPENDIX A-2
CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING RESULTS
                 A-15
-------
.
-------
•36F5 -E0 9«T«  -  SITE 04  - TES' 1
        fACTOR
        FOR  31  02
        NORMALIZATION
                                           NORMALIZED /  CORRECTED DATA - KITH ACTUAL 02
• •

or •
• • OTHER PROCESS • TIME 02
• •
..
• •
• •
• •
• •
••
••
• •
• •
••
••
••
• •
••
••
••
••

••
••
• •
t*
• •
• •

• •
••
• •

••
• •
• •
• •

••
• •
••
• •
••
••

••
••
• •
••
t«
••
• •

••
• •
•
•
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
» -
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
«
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0. PTS.
EAN
STO. OEV


.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
I.
ll
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
_ 1.
I.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.

1.

GASES • 
33.6

130.3
168.3
54.6

98.8




66.2
120.
64.
32.
45.
73.
35.


152.3

20.0



137.0
84.7


211.4
33.0
78.6
2(1.4

11.4

248.8

36.6
10.4

39.9
157.3

12*I(


80.9
10«.7
201.6
95.6
106.6
1.4
131.3
64.4


143.8

107.6

6(.S
33.5
7(.2

1*7.9

6.7

3.6
11.3
74. (


227.1
15.8
15.7

92.S

2.5


28.5
119.0
89.4
19.9

142.5
65.3
6.4

55.9
75.6
60
84.4
65.2

C02
(1*1
IS. 6
15.4

16.7
14.4
IS. 4
14.8
14.9
15.5
15.7
16.3
16.5
1S.O
14.2
IS. 8
IS. 3
16. S
16.0
16.*
17.2
17.6
14.8
16. S

16.3
16.3
15.8
16. S
16.6
IS. 9
16.8
16.9
14.8
17.2
16.3
16.7
16.2
K.5
17.4
16.4
14.3
16.5
15.9
15.7
15.6
16.4
K.5
15.7
17.4
16.0
15.7
17.8
15.8
16.8
15.8
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.0
16.7
16.7
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.7
16.8
16.3
16.1
16.3
16.8
16.7
17.0
17.1
16.6
16.8
17.1
16.7
16.8
17.1
17.1
16.3
17.4
16.6
16.5
16. S
17.8
17.1
16.6
16.6
17.4
16.5
17.2
17.3
16.2

93
16.3
0.8

S02
(PPM»)
93.6
124.6

146.3
101.7
159.5
137.5
164.2
103.5
204.1
116.6
91.4
86.6
1S9.6
198.2
8*. 2
75. S
83.5
61.1
81.5
135.1
118.1
191.1

262.6
281.2
371. S
90.7
101.9
24.2
63.8
104.9
94.6
123.9
73.9
63.0
131.3
54.5
257.3
323. S
366.4

18.4
19.1

0.3
8.2
16.6
14.4
27.6
165.3
185.4
257. S
366.3
44.8
49.3
173.9
139.6
109.6
64.9
187.0
130.6
36.3
15.7
40.4
27.9
28.6
20.3
47.9
326.5
93.0
128.6
219.7
389.6
232.7
117.2
(7.6
437.0
100.3
(6.2
19.0
10.0
(.0
6.2
9.0
6.7
14.1
0.5


9.1
10.2

12.7

90
112.1
102.1

NOX
(PPMVI
66.2
67.0

66.6
67.8
67.5
68.4
- 65.3
65.0
68.1
67.3
67.4
67.7
68.9
65.4
65.5
68.4
66.2
69.5
70.8
70.0
68.7
72.0

68.8
68.8
72.6
67.2
68. S
71.4
73.2
77.7
76.0
75.8
72.8
72.1
72.7
75.2
73.5
75.3,
76.6
72.5
71.1
76.5
75.0
75.7
76.7
76.4
78.0
79.1
77.9
77.8
77.6
77.1
78.7
76.9
66.9
78.7
79.0
79.0
78.7
77.6
77.0
76.3
78.9
82.2
82.1
81.6
37.9
76.5
81.3
80.6
81.6
83.3
83.1
82.7
82.6
80.7
84.8
65.2
81.2
85.4
83.3
79.7
84.2
85.7
83.4
85.8
86.5
87.1
85.5
84.9
72.9
84.1
63.5
94
75.1
7 .4

THC
(PPMV)
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.2
18.7
9.6
2.3
3.6
2.5
2.2
7.1
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2


21.3
11.2
3.6
2.0

2.0
1.9
2.4
l.S
2.9
3.4
2.0
1.7
1.6
2.4
1.6
1.5
2.3
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.7
7.6
16.3
9.4
2.0
1.7

4.9
4 .B
3.0
3.1
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.7
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8

2.8
1.9
3.6
2.2
3.4
2.6
3.2
4.9
1.6
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.5
0.9
0.6
1.0
0.7
0.8
0.7
1.1
0.8
1.5
2.2
1.2
5.5
1.2
0.7
0.7
0.7
2.9
3.0
91
?.£
3.6
                                               A-17
-------
CORRECTED DATA - SITE  04 - TEST 2
*•
• •
BO
*•
• *
»•
*•
••
• •
••
**
1*
• •
• «
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
• •
• ft
• ft
• •
• ft
• ft
• •
• ft
• •
• •
• ft
• ft
• •
• ft
• •
• ft
• ft
• •
• •
• •
••
••
••
• ft
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STO. OEV
FACTOR ••
FOR 3* 02 ••
NORMALIZATION *•
OF ••
OTHER PROCESS ••
GASES »•
••
1.1316 •»
1.1799 ••
1.1729 »«
1.165S ••
1.1455 ••
1.1481 ••
1.1612 «•
1.1430 ••
1.1661 ••
1.1582 ••
1.1447 ••
1.1462 ••
1.1508 ••
1.1594 ••
1.1619 ••
1.1639 »•
1.1437 »•
1.1637 ••
1.1S40 ••
1.1651 ••
1.1634 ••
1.1633 ••
.1678 »•
.1759 ••
.1631 *•
.1724 ••
.1830 ••
.1840 ••
1.1900 ••
1.1876 ••
1.2138 ••
1.1638 »»
1.1947 ••
1.1864 ••
1.1927 ••
1.1633 ••
1.1947 ••
1.1900 ••
1.1781 ••
1.1739 ••
1.2887 »•
1.1725 - ••
1.2071 ••
1.2049 ••
1.2191 _ ••
1.2131 ••
1.3780 ••
1.1770 ••
1.1886 ••
1.1940 ••
1.1894 ••
1.1834 ••
1.1846 ••
1.1740 •»
54
1.1797
.0
NORMALIZED / CORRECTED DATA

TIME


1100
1115
1120
1125
1130
1135
1140
1145
1150
1155
1200
1205
1210
1215
1220
1225
1230
1235
1240
1245
1250
1255
1300
1305
1310
1315
1320
1325
1330
1335
1340
1345
1350
1355
1400
1405
1410
1415
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
1505
1515
1520
1525
1530
1535
1540
1605
1620
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STO. OEV.

02
(SV)

5.1
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.2
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
S.7
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.2
5.5
5.9
5.8
5.9
S.S
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.7
7.0
5.6
6.1
6.0
6.2
6.1
7.9
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7
54
5.7
0.4

CO
(PPMV)

198.3
155.2
136.5
76.5

250.4
288.8
328.0
137.1
232.1
319.6
192.5
134.3
152.2
133.4
181.4
161.2
314.7
154.4
267.7
153.1
64.6
181.1
184.3
203.3
98.0


179.7
62.1
333.6

117.8

119.1
252.0
122.3


69.5
118.8
141.4

78.2

41.2

43.1
58.8
75.8
60.0
145.5
106.2
191.4
44
159.4
79.4

C02
(SV)

15.0
14.8
14.1
15.0
12.4
12.7
13.9
13.0
14.8
15.4
14.3
12.3
15.3
15.0
16.3
14.1
14.1
14.7
15.2
14.0
13.4
14.8
15.5
16.3
14.5
14.3
14.6 •
13.3
15.6
15.8
14.6
11.8
15.5
14.7
14.7
13.3
15.3
14.6
12.1
15.1
18.7
13.4
12.9
13.5
14.8
15.6
16.0
15.6
16.2
17.5
15.0
15.0
15.9
16.7
54
14.7
1.3
- KITH ACTUAL 02

SC2
(PPMV)

81.6
90.1
62.1
68.5
29.3
27.8
59.8
46.7
55.3
92.2
24.4
25.7
12.2
43.0
19.1
19.1
17.9
17.6
13.6
32.6
17.6
10.4
5.1
3.3
2.5
0.9
18.1
15.9
40.4
39.7
56.3
48.7
168.2
63.8
83.4
81.1
59.7
59.4
13.6
30.8
32.9
66.1
91.1
61.2
157.3
28.8
69.5
164.2
171.7
134.1
97.8
85.6
28.8
74.0
54
54.1
43.0

NCX
(PPMV)

83.7
87.9
91. S
90.6
90.2
90.5
89.5
86.9
102.4
88.5
90.4
92.3
95.4
93.8
93.8
93.2
92.7
93.4
91.4
92.5
91.8
89.3
92.6
92.7
93.6
94.8
90.5
90.5
89.6
92.0
88.5
87.3
87.6
84.4
86.1
81.8
86.6
86.3
81.4
81.7
90.3
80.5
86.2
84.0
87.7
82.8
100.9
86.2
86.2
86.2
86.2
82.5
87.8
84.2
54
89.1
4.5

TrtC'
(PPMV)

6.1
3.5
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.9
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.0
2.4
2.0
1.8
17.2
2.2
5.4
3.1
3.1
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.9'
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.6
3.2
2.2
1.1
3.8
1.8
4.0
1 .0
1.7
1.9
2.2
6.1
1.8
54
2.8
2.2
                                             A-18
-------
CORRECTED DATA - SITE 0* - TEST 3
• •
• •
•ftft
• •
• •
• •
• ft
ftft
ft*
»» . .
• •
• •
"*
ft ft
• •
• •
**
• ft
ftft
•ft
• ft
•ft
• ft
• ft
**
*•
• ft
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• ft
ftft
• ft
••
ftft
• ft
•ft
• •
• ft
• ft
• ft
• ft
**
**
»»
•'
**
**
»•
•*
• »
«•
•
»
•
•
•
•
•
»•
• ft
ft*
ftft
• ft
• ft
• •
»•
• »
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
»»
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV
FACTOR »»
FOR 3* 02 »«
NORMALIZATION •»
OF »•
OTHER PROCESS «»
GASES »»
**
1.2899 »»
1.3077 •»
1.2923 ••
1.2788 •»
1.2728 ••
1.2651 ••
1.2615 *•
1.3276 ••
1.3182 «•
1.3105 »•
1.2557 ••
1.2411 »»
1.2486 **
•1.2429 »•
1.2520 •»
1.2427 »»
1.2832 •»
1.2721 •»
1.2845 »•
1.4854 •»
1.3169 »»
1.3164 ••
1.2143 »»
1.2228 *•
1.2418 *»
1.2465 »»
1.2223 »•
1.2140 »»
1.2108 ••
1.2135 »«
1.2581 »•
1.2233 »•
1.2269 ••
1.2221 «»
1.2358 ' ••
1.2577 •*
1.2285 »•
1.2135 »»
1.2122
1.2215
1.2495
1.2470
1.2217
1.2659
1.26S4
1.2423
1.2521
1.2709
1.2669
1.2062
1.2202 •»
1.2463- •»
1.2426 «•
1.2231 «•
1.2340 •»
1.2251 »•
1.2088 •»
1.2005 *»
1.1919 •»
1.2260 ••
1.2012 ••
1.2095 «»
1.2053 »«
1.2078 •«
1.2490 *»
1.2342 •«
1.242S •*
1.2163 •«
1.2215 »»
1.2307 •»
1.2077 ••
1.2199 »•
72
1.2473
.0
NORMALIZED /??C:ORRECTEO DATA

TIME


945
950
955
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1055
1110
1115
1120
1125
1130
1135
1140
1155
1230
1235
1240
1355
1400
1410
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
USD
1455
1500
1505
1510
1515
1520
1525
1530
1535
1540
1545
1550
1555
1600
1605
1610
1615
1620
1625
1630
1635
1640
1645
1650
165S
1700
1705
1710
1715
1720
1725
1730
1735
1740
1745
1750
1755
1800
1805
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STO. OEV.

02
(XV)

7.0
7.2
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.7
7.4
7.3
7.2
6.6
6.S
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.5
6.9
6.8
7.0
8.8
7.3
7.3
6.2
6.3
6.5
6.S
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.7
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.7
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.6
6.5
6.2
6.8
6.8
6.5
6.6
6.8
6.8
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.1
6.0
5.9
6.3
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.6
6.4
6.5
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.2
72
6.5
0.5

CO
(PPMV)

320.7
3.4

12.2
143.0
267.0
914.1
34.0
339.9
108.8
51.9

370.4
399.6
261.0
235.0
222.8
7.5
41.2

114.7
174.5
58.4
202.4


158.4
111.8

198.0
41.4
162.0
165.9

121.3
27.8
104.1
59.9
66.0
150.4
318.0
118.8
163.6
20.0
67.1
42.2
130.6
38.9
216.6

107.9
293.5
34.1
316.8
42.1
156.0
96.4
27.5
66.8
58.4
366.9
151.9
435.9
47.8
33.0
171.2

400.2

270.5
143.9
277.9
62
165.5
149.2

C02
(XV)

13.0
14.9
14.9
13.5
14 ,2 .
16.1
14.4
15.2
16.9
15.6
15.6
15.0
13.9
15.8
15.4
16.1
14.2
14.0
15.8
17.4
15.5
15.1
13.0
15.4
16.1
16.0
17.7
15.3
14.9
17.5
16.2
16.2
16.1
14.1
16.4
15.1
16.3
18.6
15.6
13.6
14.7
14.1
18.5
17.1
16.2
18,1
18.4
19.3
14.4
16.9
16.5
17.0
16.2
15.3
14.4
19.2
16.5
13.8
16.2
16.7
18.0
16.2
16.4
16.7
15.2
17.1
14.4
15.5
16.5
18.3
16.0
17.9
72
15.9
1.4
- WITH ACTUAL 02

S02
(PPMV)

144.9
167.9
245.4
165.2
154.5
38.5
119.1
100.9
60.9
79. S
131.7
208.9
46.9
41.9
56.6
27.3
60.4
132.3
126.5
84.6
54.3
43.5
122.3
146.7
120.3
128.2
61.9
82.2
80.8
84.8
35.7
153.0
176.2
139.1
110.5
151.7
257.4
271.5
298.1
196.2
100.5 '
136.5
255.5
272.3
307.7
227.9
162.?
. 334 .9
388.2
j c.i n
68.3
141.6
87.3
47.7
119.7
98.7
95. 0
63.9
55.7
83.3
16.4
75.5
18.8
63.8
61.0
12.6
24.4
4.5
6.5
3.9
8.6
20.9
72
117.0
85.2

NOX
(PPMV)

81.0
81.0 -
85.6
84.7
86.6- •
86.9
76.1
87.4
89.3
87.4
84.6
86.2
84.2
81.9
82.7
86.5
85.8
88.0
89.3
107.5
97.4
96.4
82.7
86.4
86.2
85.5
83.6
85.6
88.0
85.5
86.5
83.6
82.8
80.3
84.3
85.0
83.9
82.1
83.4
82.3
81.8
83.7
80.2
85.1
86.0
84.6
86.7
86.4
89.6

•82!e
87.0
85.4
86.5
88.8
88.2
84.6
83.2
84.9
84.9
83.3
83.1
83.3
84.5
90.8
88.3
88.8
83.9
82.8
83.0
78.4
80.9
72
85.4
4.3

THC
(PPMV)

55.3
12.5
10.0
13.7
7.4
5.9
5.4
6.8
5.6

3.9
2.5
2.7
8.4
4.8
4.S
3 .6
3.4
3 .5
5.2
3 .5
3.3
5.4
4.3
3.5
3 '.6
3.7
8.5
5.2
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.7
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.1
4.0
3.2
3.2
3.9
3 .?
3. 1
2.9
. 2.?
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.3
3.0
3.0
2.6
2.3
2.2
9.6
3.0
3.0
0.7
71
4.8
6.5
                                            A-19
-------
-------
   APPENDIX A-3
HC1 TRAIN RESULTS
      A-21
-------
-------
     RADIAN
             M E T H
               DAT
   EPA
   (RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST §'
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0
0
A
URGE
D 2-5
SITE 04
LOCATION
04-HCL-C-
12/11/84
1425-1719
T E
C-ESP
01
S T
OUTLET
PARAMETER
                                 VALUE
Sampling time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.1n.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gin)
Absolute stack pressureMn Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
P1tot Constant
                                  174
                                  29.58
                                  .305
                                  144.175
                                  2.483333
                                  95.86111
                                  12076.31
                                 -.85
                                  914.9
                                  29.5175
                                  344.8333
                                  14.7
                                  4.27
                                  76.9
                                  21.11785
                                  1.0037
                                  .84
                       A-23
-------
   RADIAN   S
   E > A   M E T H
   FINAL   RE
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0. U R C E T E
0 D S 2-5
S U L T S
SITE 04
LOCATION C-ESP
04-HCL-C-01
12/11/84
1425-1719
S T
CUTLET
   PARAMETER
RESULT
   Vm(dscf)
   Vm(dscm)
   Vw gas(scf)
   Vw gas (scm)
   % moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   % I
   % EA
 136.7322
 3,872256
 43.13754
 1.221655
 23.98265
 .7601735
 29.3664
 26.64044
 3244.78
 989.2621
 272117.8
 7706.377
 133880
 3791.481
 97.07468
 26.6349
                                      Program Revision : I/
                    A-24
-------
             METHOD   2-5
               DATA)
                       SITE 04
   RADIAN   SOURCE   TEST
   EPA
   (PAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
                       LOCATION C-ESP OUTLET
                       04-HCL-C-02
                       12/12/84
                       1535-1705
PARAMETER                          VALUE
Sampling time (m1n.)                100
Barometric Pressure (1n.Hg)         29.58
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)      .305
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)               80.706
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)             2.31
Meter Temperature (F)               31.7
Stack dimension (sq.1n.)            12076.31
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)     -.85
Stack Moisture Collected 
-------
   R A D I
   EPA
   F I N A
PLANT
PLANT SITE
'SAMPLING LO
TEST I
DATE
TEST PERIOD
A
M
L
C/
N S (
E T H <
R E .
U-ION-
3 U R C, E T E
3 0 S 2-5
3 U L T S
SITE 04
LOCATION C-ESP
04-HCL-C-02
12/12/84
1535-1705
S T
OUTLET
   PARAMETER
RESULT
   VmCdscf)
   Vm(dscm)
   Vw gas(scf)
   Vw gas (scm)
   % moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm) '
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   % 1
   % EA
 86.49016
 2.449401
 25.80991
 .7309367
 22.98299
 .7701701
 29.3664
 26.75406
 3136.474
 956.2419
 263034.9
 7449.148
 131757
 3731.357
 108.5658
 26.6349
                                      Program Rev1 s1 on : I/16/sl
                      A-26
-------
     RADIAN   SOURCE   TEST
                           2-5
   EPA   METHOD
   (RAW   DATA)
PLANT                SITE 04
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST f
DATE
  TEST PERIOD
                       LOCATION C-ESP OUTLET
                       04-HCL-C-03
                       12/13/84
                     0945-1145
PARAMETER
                                   VALUE
Samp!1ng time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure (1n.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature 
-------
   RADIAN   S
   EPA   M E T H
   FINAL   RE
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0
0
S
URGE T E
D S 2-5
U L T S
SITE 04
LOCATION C-ESP
04-HCL-C-03
12/13/84
0945-1145
S T
OUTLET
   PARAMETER
RESULT
   Vm(dscf)
   Vm(dscm)
   Vw gas(scf)
   Vw gas (scm)
   % mofsture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   % I
   % EA
 102.1106
 2.891773
 33.48121
 .9481879
 24.69265
 .7530735
 29.3664
 26.55974
 3098.876
 944.7794
 259881.9
 7359.854
 126900.6
 3593.826
 110.8986
 26.6349
                                      Program Rev1slon:1/16/8
                     A-28
-------
                           2-5
E T H 0 D
DATA)
        SITE 04
   RADIAN   SOURCE   TEST
   EPA
   (RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t
DATE
TEST PERIOD
                       LOCATION C-ESP OUTLET
                       04-HCL-C-04
                       12/13/84
                       1435-1628
PARAMETER
                    VALUE
Sampl1ng time (m1n.)
Barometric Pressure (In.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (1n.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (1n.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.ln.)
Stack Static Pressure (1n.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(1n Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps.Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pltot Constant
                     113
                     29.5
                     .305
                     96.01196
                     2.258334
                     33.66667
                     12076.31
                    -.85
                     667.3
                     29.4375
                     340.5
                     14.7
                     4.27
                     76.9
                     20.2647
                     1.0037
                     .84
                        A-29
-------
   RADIAN   S
   EPA   M E T H
   FINAL   RE
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST f
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0 U R C E T E
0 D S 2-5
S U L T S
SITE 04
LOCATION C-ESP
04-HCL-C-04
12/13/84
1435-1628
S T
OUTLET
   PARAMETER
RESULT
   Vm(dscf)
   Vm(dscm)
   Vw gas(scf)
   Vw gas (scm)
   % moisture
   Md
   MWd
   MW
   Vs(fpm)
   Vs (mpm)
   Flow(acfm)
   Flow(acmm)
   Flow(dscfm)
   Flow(dscmm)
   % I
   % EA
 102.1945
 2.894148
 31.4632
 .8910377
 23.54013
 .7645987
 29.3664
 26.69074
 3114.981
 949.6891
 261232.4
 7398.102
 129620.2
 3670.843
 115.3922
 26.6349
                                      Program Revision:I/16/8J
                     A-30
-------
      APPENDIX B






PROCESS MONITORING DATA
-------
-------
         APPENDIX B-l





    HOURLY AVERAGE VALUES



OF BOILER OPERATING PARAMETERS
             B-l
-------
-------
                 Table 1.  Hourly Average Values  of Various
                           Boiler Parameters, Run #1
Timeb
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
AVG
Boiler
Load
103lb/hr
396
385
388
401
382
391
387
384
390
389
Boiler
Oxygen
V
3.6
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.0
3.8
4.1
Stack
Oxygen
%o2
5.9
6.0
6.3
6.5
6.5
6.3
6.9
6.9
6.7
6.4
Stack
cof
ppmCO
1.6
6.2
0.7
- 3.2
1.8
1.8
2.5
5.6
9.6
3.7
Black Liq.
Flow
gpm
258
255
253
254
259
259
257
256
255
256
Black Liq.
% Solids
wt%
64.9
65.2
65.5
65.7
65.8
65.8
65.9
66.0
66.0
65.6
. Stack. _
TRSg
ppm@8.70
3.8
3.7
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.1
3.9
4.2
4.0
- -Stack
Opacity
(%)
15.0
15.0
15.1
15.0
15.0
15.1
15.0
14.7
14.9
15.0
a.  Values shown in units used by host plant to convert
    from:             to:            multiply by:
    Ib/hr            kg/hr             0.454
    gpm           cumeter/min          0.00379
b.  Value shown for time "t" is the average value for the one hour period
    preceding time "t"
c.  Boiler load in 103lb/hr steam <§ 914.7 psi, 1360°R (1452 Btu/lb)
d.  Boiler oxygen measured in superheater section
e.  Stack oxygen measured at ESP outlet stack (wet basis)
f.  Stack CO measured at ESP outlet stack (wet basis, 0_ as measured)
g.  Stack TRS measured at ESP Outlet stack (dry basis, corrected to 8% 00)
                                      B-3
-------
                 Table 2.  Hourly Average Values  of Various
                           Boiler Parameters, Run #2

Timeb Boiler
Load
103lb/hr
Boiler Black Liq,
Oxygen Flow
%02 gpm
. Black Liq
% Solids
,,wt%
. Stack
Oxygen
%o2
Stack
cof
ppmv
Stack Stack
TRS& Opacity
ppmv<§8%02 %)

1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
Avg
388
391
386
391
390
380
398
389
3.8
3.3
3.6 '
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.7
3.6
254
256
255
254
254
253
253
254
65.6
65.6
65.6
65.5
65.5
65.6
65.6
65.6
cal
cal
cal
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
33.5
57.2
24.1
10.9
3.3
3.3
5.5
17.4
cal
cal
cal
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.5
14.9
15.1
15.1
14.6
15.1
14.9
14.9
15.0
cal » no data available for Q~> TRS.  Instrument calibrations in progress by host
plant.
c.
d.
e.
f,
8-
Values shown in units used by host plant to convert
from:             to:            multiply by:
Ib/hr            kg/hr             0.454
gpm           cumeter/min          0.00379
Value shown for time "t" is the average value for the one hour period
preceding time "t"
Boiler load in 103lb/hr steam @ 914.7 psi, 1360°R (1452 Btu/lb)
Boiler oxygen measured in superheater section
Stack oxygen measured at ESP outlet stack (wet basis)
Stack CO measured at ESP outlet stack (wet basis, 0  as measured)
Stack TRS measured at ESP Outlet stack (dry basis, corrected to 8% 0 )
                                      B-4
-------
                 Table 3.  Hourly Average Values  of Various
                           Boiler Parameters, Run #3
Timefa Boiler .
Load
103lb/hr
-.. Boiler-.
Oxygen
%o2
-Black. Liq
Flow
gpm
. Black- Liq.
% Solids
wt%
Stack
S
Oxygen
%o2
Stack
cof
ppinv
Stack Stack
TRSS Opacity
ppmv<§8%02 %)

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
Mean
390
382
393
384
386
387
ND
ND
403
389
3.6
3.1
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.9
ND
ND
3.6
3.1
261
263
265
265
265
264
ND
ND
263
264
64.3
64.0
63.6
63.5
63.5
63.5
ND
ND
63.8
63.7
cal
cal
5.9
5.4
5.5
5.4
ND
ND
5.4
5.5
53
71
86
96
55
79
ND
ND
16
65
cal
cal
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.6
ND
ND
3.9
3.5
14.9
15.0
15.0
15.1
14.8
14.9
ND
ND
15.0
15.0
cal = no data available for 0 , TRS.  Instrument calibrations in progress by
plant personnel.
ND =» No data available due to computer failure.

a.  Values shown in units used by host plant to convert
    from:             to:            multiply by:
    lb/hr            kg/hr             0.454
    gpm           cumeter/min          0.00379
b.  Value shown for time "t" is the average value for the one hour period
    preceding time "t"
c.  Boiler load in 103lb/hr steam @ 914.7 psi, 1360°R (1452 Btu/lb)
d.  Boiler oxygen measured in superheater section
e.  Stack oxygen measured at ESP outlet stack (wet basis)
f.  Stack CO measured at ESP outlet stack (wet basis, 0« as measured)
g.  Stack TRS measured at ESP Outlet stack (dry basis, corrected to 8% 0-)
                                      B-5
-------
-------
            APPENDIX B-2
PLANT COMPUTER OUTPUT OF PROCESS DATA
                B-7
-------
-------
9
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-------
-------
               APPENDIX B-3
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR ELECTRICAL DATA
                  B-13
-------
-------
      Table 5.  Electrostatic Precipitator Electrical Data for Site 04
Parameter'
         ,a,b
                          Run 01
1445 2140
                Run 02
1310 1625
                Run 03
1020
West Inlet
   Voltage
   Current

West Center
   Voltage
   Current

West Outlet
   Voltage
   Current

East Inlet
   Voltage
   Current

East Center
   Voltage
   Current

East Outlet
   Voltage
   Current
 36   38
175  150
 38   38
300  300
 35   35
275  250
 34   35
250  225
 38   37
175  175
 37   37
250  225
 37   36
150  175
 38   38
325  325
 35   35
250  325
 35   34
225  250
 37   36
175  200
 37   37
250  300
 35  ND
175  ND
 37  ND
325  ND
 34  ND
300  ND
 34  ND
275  ND
 37  ND
225  ND
 37  ND
275 . ND
a.   All voltage and current values are DC.  Voltage in kv,  current in mA.
b.   Precipitator was set in opacity control  mode during all  test runs.
                                     B-15
-------
-------
               APPENDIX B-4
DAILY CALIBRATION DATA FOR PLANT-MAINTAINED
            TRS AND 02 MONITORS
                  B-17
-------
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-------
      APPENDIX C
SAMPLE SHIPMENT LETTER
-------
-------
                              December 15, 1984
U. S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
8u tiding 1105  •
Bay St. Louis. MO 39529

Attention:  Danny McDaniel

Subject:  Tier 4 - Analysis Instructions

Dear Sir:'

     The  objective of this letter Is to clarify  instructions and
priorities for individual samples from specific Tier 4 combustion
sites.  This  instruction letter Is No. 4 and pertains to EPA Site
Ho. 04 at

     The  Episode Mo.  is 2549, and SCC numbers assigned to this
site were numbers DC-000401 through DQ000499.

     SCC  numbers  DOQ004Q1  through DQ0004Q6 have
been assigned to Troika  for internal QA/QC purposes.  SCC numbers
QQOQ0407 t"r°"g" DQOQ0418  have  been   assigned   to
samples  Included  in this shipment and numbers DQQQQ419
have  been assigned  to  samples being archived   at  Radian.   All
remaining SCC numbers  are unused.

     The sample shipment for ££& SJLtfi No^ M  consists of 4
boxes  containing 57 samples  in 67 centalners.(Note-The  Modified
Method   5  samples  ar«  comprised  of  6  components  as  listed
below.Some  MM5   sample  runs  have more than  one  container  per
component  as   indicated by asterisk.) The  sample   shipment  was
shipped  air  freight on December 15, 1984 by Federal  Express under
Alrbill(s) No.770332533  and No.544549655

      Instructions for  extraction and analysis follow.

1.   The  following  samples   require  immediate   extraction
     and  analysis  (Priority  #1 samples).

     Radian  Run <04-MM5-B-01
      (Total  of  6  train components)
         SCC  f

     D0000407
     DQ000407
     OQ000407
     DQ000407
     Og000407
     DQ000407
Component

 1
 2*(3 containers)
 3
 4» (2 containers)
 5
 6
Fraction

  FiIter
  Probe Rinse
  Back Half/CoiI  R i nse
  Condensate
  Imp i nger Solution
  XAD Module
                               C-l
-------
  Radian Run if  04-MM5-BLANK
  (Total of 6 train components)
     SCC #
09000408
09000408
09000408
DQ000408
DQ000408
09000408
Conponents

1
2
3
4
5
6
               Fract i on

            FI Iter
            Probe Rinse
            Back Half/Coil  Rinse
            Condensate
            Imp inger So Iut ion
            XAO Module
  Radian Run f  Q4-MM5-C-01
  (Total of 6 train components)
     SCC f
09000409
09000409
09000409
09000409
09000409
09000409
Components

1
2
3
4»(2 container)
5
6
  Radian Run t?Q4-HH5-B-02
  (Total of 6 train components)
     SCC f
                        Components
D900041
0900041
0000041
0900041
0900041
0900041
1
2*(3
3
4
5
6
conta i ners)
               Fract ion

            FiIter
            Probe Rinse
            Back Half/Coil Rinse
            Condensate
            Imp inger Solut ion
            XAD Module
 Fract ion

F iIter
Probe Rinse
Sack Half/Coil  Rinse
Condensate
Imp inger So Iut ion
XAO  "-lodule
  Radian Run 9 04-MM5-C-02
  (Total of 6 train components)
     SCC #

 09000412
 09000412
 09000412
 09000412
 09000412
 09000412
Components

 1
 2
 3
 4*(2 containers)
 5
 6»(2 containers)
              Fract ion

              FiIter
              Probe Rinse
              Sack  Half/CoiI  Rinse
              Condensate
              Imp i nger Solut ion
              XAD  Module
                            C-2
-------
RADIAN
     Radian Run f 04-MM5-B-BLANK
     (Tota I  o_f. fi tr a \ n,
        £££ 1

    DQOQ0414
    DOOOQ414
    D0000414
    DQOQP414
    DOOQ0414
    PQ0004I4
  Components
1
2
1
     Radlqq g^g i 04-HM5-C-DLANK
     (Total  of 6 train components)
              Fraet ion

              Flltar •'
              Probe  Rinse
              SacJi Hal f/coi i  Blnss
              Condensate
              ImpIngar  So Iut ton
                  Module
        sec g

    00000415
    OQ000415
    OQ000415
    DQ000415
    DQ000415
    DQ000415
 Components
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
     Radian  Run  # Q4-MH5-B-03
     (Total  of 6 train  components)
        sec  e

    OQ000416
    OQ000415
    00000416
    00000415
    00000415
    09000416
 Components
1
2»(2
3
4
5
5
conta i ners)
     Radian  Run  #  04-HH5-C-Q3
     (Total  of 6 train  components)
        SCC  #

    DQ000417
    00000417
    00000417
    00000417
    00000417
    DQ000417
 Components
1
2»(2
3
4
5
6
conta i ners)
                 Fract i on

             FiIter
             Probe Rinse
             Back Half/CoiI  R inse
             Condensate
             Imp inaer  Solut ion
             XAO Module
   Fract ion

FiIter
Probe Rinse
Sack Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impincer Solution
XAD  Module
  Fract i on

F iIter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/CoiI  Rinse
Condensate
Imp i nger  So Iut ion
XAD  Module
                              C-3
-------
 RADIAN
2.   The  strong  black liquor samples are the only  Priority
     samples.    They  should be held for analysis by Troika
     pending the results of Priority #1  sample analysis.

        SCC i                Sample
                                                                #2
   DQ000410
   00000413
   DQ000418
                   SBL-01    Strong  black  liquor
                   SBL-02    Strong  black  liquor
                   SBL-03    Strong  black  liquor
3.
     The  soil  sample  Is  the  only  Priority  #3  sample.   It  will
     be  held  by  Radian  for analysis  by  Troika  pending  the  results
     of Priority S\ and  Priority  ,*2  sample  analyses.
        SCC #

   DQ000419
                            Samp Ie

                       04-S-01   Soils
     If there are any questions concerning this sample shipment,
please contact either Sob Jongleux or Larry Keller at Radian
Corporation (919) 541-9100.

                                   S i hcereIy,
                                   TEST (TEAM LE/DE
                               C-4
-------
                    APPENDIX D



DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 SAMPLE TRAINS
-------
-------
  TABLE D-l.  DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 TRAINS AT THE ESP INLET
Isomer/Homologue
Run 01
                                          Amount Detected
                                        Picoqrams Per Train
 Run 02
Run 03
DIOXINS

  2378 TCDD
  Other TCDD
  Penta-CDD
  Hexa-CDD
  Hepta-CDD
  Octa-CDD
  TOTAL CDD

FURANS

  2378 TCDF
  Other TCDF
  Penta-CDF
  Hexa-CDF
  Hepta-CDF
  Octa-CDF
  TOTAL CDF
ND (80)
NO (60)
ND (310)
 500
1200
3300
4000
ND (80)
1000
1300
1800
1000
 300
5400
ND (50)
ND (200)
ND (60)
 200
 500
1600
2300
  50
 500
 600
1000
 300
 200
2650
ND (180)
ND (400)
ND (240)
ND (940)
1400
4900
6300
ND (180)
1000
ND (1480)
1900
 900
ND (630)
3800
                                    D-l
-------
  TABLE D-2.  DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 TRAINS AT THE ESP OUTLET
Isomer/Homologue
Run 01
                                          Amount Detected
                                        Picoorams Per Train
 Run 02
Run 03
DIOXINS

  2378 TCDD
  Other TCDD
  Penta-CDD
  Hexa-CDD
  Hepta-CDD
  Octa-CDD
  TOTAL PCDD

FURANS

  2378 TCDF
  Other TCDF
  Penta-CDD
  Hexa-CDD
  Hepta-CDD
  Octa-CDD
  TOTAL PCDD
ND (310)
ND (310)
ND (130)
 800
1600
3700
6100
ND (40)
1700
 800
 700
1000
 400
4600
ND (100)
 300
ND (120)
ND (320)
 500
2200
3000
ND (200)
 300
ND (230)
 300
1000
1500
3100
ND (110)
ND (110)
ND (220)
ND (240)
 500
1300
1800
ND (100)
 200
ND (130)
ND (510)
 300
 100
 600
                                    D-2
-------
                            APPENDIX E

             RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
E-l  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the ESP Inlet
     (As-measured Concentrations)

E-2  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the ESP Outlet
     (As-measured Concentrations)

E-3  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the ESP Inlet
     (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)

E-4  Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the ESP Outlet
     (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
-------
-------
                      APPENDIX E-l
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP INLET
              (As-measured Concentrations)
                         E-l
-------
-------
         TABLE E-l.  DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP  INLET  FOR
               __    RUN 01, SITE BLB-A  (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
Dioxin/Furan
   Isomer
               Isomer Concentration
                   In Flue Gas
                    (ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
    In Flue Gas
       (ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
   (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1
2
8
1

2
3
4
2
7
1
ND (
ND (
ND (
.21E-OH
.91E-01(
.01E-01(
.21E+00

ND (
.43E-01(
.16E-OH
.37E-01(
.43E-01(
.28E-02(
.31E+00
1.94E-02)
1.94E-02)
7.52E-02)
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )


1.46E-02)
N/A )
N/A I
N/A
N/A )
N/A )

7.
1.
4.
6.

1.
2.
2.
1.
3.
8.
ND
ND
ND
47E-03
65E-02
19E-02
[ 1.45E-03)
1.45E-03)
5.08E-03)
N/A )
N/A )
[ N/A )
58E-02

ND
91E-02
23E-02
80E-02
43E-02
95E-03!
1.14E-03)
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
77E-02
ND
ND
ND
2
6
1
2

ND
5
7
1
5
1
3
( 4.47E+00)
( 4.47E+00)
( 1.73E+01)
.80E+01
.71E+01
.85E+02
.80E+02

( 3.36E+00)
.59E+01
.27E+01
.01E+02
.59E+01
.68E+01
.02E+02
ND
ppt
                          .? shown. are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
    = not detected (detection limit in parenthesis).
N/A = detection limit not applicable.  QA samples indicate the detection limit
      for positive samples.
ng  »  1.0E-09g
ug  =  1.0E-06g
       parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                     E-3
-------
        TABLE E-2.  DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP  INLET FOR
                    RUN 02, SITE BLB-A (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
Dioxin/Furan
   Isomer
Isomer Concentration
    In Flue Gas
     (ng/dscm)
            Isomer Concentration
                In Flue Gas
                   (ppt)
                        Isomer Hourly
                        Emissions  Rate
                           (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS


 2378 TCDD
 Other TCDD
 Penta-CDD
 Hexa-CDD
 Hepta-CDD
 Octa-CDD

 Total PCDD

 FURANS
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF
 1.98E-02
      ND (
 7.94E-02(
 1.98E-01(
 6.35E-01(

 9.33E-01
      ND ( 1.98E-02]
 N/A
2.38E-02
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
     ND ( 7
1.98E-OK
2.38E-OH
3.97E-01(
7.94E-02(
            .94E-02]
            N/A     j
            N/A     ]
            N/A     ]
            N/A     ]
            N/A     ;
     ND (
1.48E-03(
     ND (
4.88E-03(
1.12E-02(
3.32E-02(

5.08E-02
1.48E-03
 N/A
1.61E-03
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
                  ND ( 6.24E-03]
             1.56E-02(
               ,68E-02(
               55E-02(
             7.00E-03(
             4.30E-03(
           N/A
           N/A
           N/A
           N/A
           N/A
                                                ND (  4.38E+00)
                                                  4.38E+00
                                                ND (  5.26E+00)
                                                  1.75E+01
                                                  4.38E+01
                                                  1.40E+02

                                                  2.06E+02
               ND ( 1.75E+01)
                 4.38E+01
                 5.26E+01
                 8.76E+01
                 2.63E+01
                 1.75E+01
  Total  PCDF      1.03E+00                6.92E-02                   2.28E+02

 NOTE:  Isomer concentrations shown  are at  as-measured  oxygen  conditions.

 ND  -  not detected (detection limit  in parenthesis).
 N/A -  detection limit not applicable.  QA samples  indicate the detection  limit
       for positive samples.
 ng  -   1.0E-09g
 ug  =   1.0E-06g
 ppt »   parts per trillion,  dry volume basis
 8760 operating  hours  per  year
                                     E-4
-------
     TABLE E-3.  DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP IfltET FUR RUN 03
              —      SITE BLB-A (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
 Dioxin/Furan
  -  Isomer
Isomer Concentration
    In Flue Gas
     (ng/dscm)
                       Isomer Concentration
                           In Flue Gas
                             (ppt)
                    Isomer  Hourly
                    Emissions  Rate
                       (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS


 2378 TCDD
 Other TCDD
 Penta-CDD
 Hexa-CDD
 Hepta-CDD
 Octa-CDD

 Total PCDD

 FURANS .
NO
NO
NO
NO
81E-01
03E+OOi
( 7.47E-02)
7.47E-02
9.96E-02
3.90E-01
N/A
k N/A
2.61E+00
                            NO
                            ND
                            ND (
                            ND (
                       3.29E-02(
                       1.06E-01(

                       1.39E-01
                                  5.58E-03)
                                  5.58E-03)
                                  6.73E-03)
                                  2.40E-02)
                                   N/A     )
                                   N/A     )
                    ND ( 1.51E+01)
                    ND ( 1.51E+01)
                    ND ( 2.02E+01)
                    NO ( 7.91E+01)
                      1.18E+02
                      4.12E+02

                      5.30E+02
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF

 Total PCDF
     ND ( 1.66E-01
4.15E-01(  N/A
     ND ( 6.14E-01
7.88E-01(  N/A
3.73E-01(  N/A
     ND ( 2.61E-01

1.58E+00
NO ( 1.30E-02)
3.26E-02
ND
5.06E-02
2.20E-02
ND I
N/A )
4.34E-02)
N/A
N/A )
[ 1.42E-02)
                                       1.05E-01
                                                ND  ( 3.36E+01)
                                                  8.41E+01
                                                NO  ( 1.25E+02)
                                                  1.60E+02
                                                  7.57E+01
                                                NO  ( 5.30E+01)

                                                  3.20E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are"aVaV-mea7ured"oxygeVcVndVtVons"""

N/A * H0t de*ected (detection limit  in parenthesis).
N/A = detection limit not applicable.  QA samples indicate the detection
ng  =•  1.0E-09g
ug  -  1.0E-06g
ppt -  parts per trillion,  dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                    E-5
-------
-------
                       APPENDIX E-2
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP OUTLET

               (As-measured Concentrations)
                         E-7
-------
-------
         TABLE E-4.  DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP OUTLET FOR
                     RUN 01, SITE BLB-A (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
Dioxin/Furan
   Isomer
                Isomer Concentration
                    In Flue Gas
                     (ng/dscm)
            Isomer Concentration
                In Flue Gas
                   (ppt)
                         Isomer Hourly
                         Emissions Rate
                            (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS


 2378 TCDD
 Other TCDD
 Penta-CDD
 Hexa-CDD
 Hepta-CDD
 Octa-CDD

 Total  PCDD

 FURANS
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF
                     ND
                     ND
                1.55E-01
                3.09E-01
                7.16E-01
                     ND  ( 6.00E-02)
6.00E-02)
2.51E-02]
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
ND
ND
ND
9.52E-03
1.75E-02
3.74E-02I
4.48E-03)
4.48E-03)
1.70E-03)
N/A )
[ N/A )
; N/A )
                1.18E+00
             6.45E-02
                3.29E-01
                1.55E-OH
                1.35E-01(
                1.9.3E-01(
                7.74E-02(
                     ND ( 7.74E-03
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
2.58E-02(
1.09E-02(
8.69E-03(
1.14E-02(
4.19E-03(
                  ND (  6.08E-04
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
                         ND  ( 1.36E+01)
                         NO  ( 1.36E+01)
                         ND  ( 5.71E+00)
                           3.52E+01
                           7.03E+01
                           1.63E+02

                           2.68E+02
ND ( 1.76E+00)
  7.47E+01
  3.52E+01
  3.08E+01
  4.40E+01
  1.76E+01
      not detected (detection limit  in  parenthesis).
      Hat>as*+ T rt«  1 •*!•«•« +  H^-k  ~.__i j	L-» _   A *      .    .'.
_Total PCDF     8.90E-01               6.11E-02                   2.02E+02

NOTE: Isomer concentrations snown'arraras-measured'oxygen'conditions""""

ND          ...__ x		,.w
N/A = detection limit not applicable.
      for positive samples.
ng  -  1.0E-09g
ug  =  1.0E-06g
ppt -  parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                       QA samples  indicate  the  detection  limit
                                      E-9
-------
        TABLE  E-5.   DIOXIN/FURAN  EMISSIONS  DATA  AT  THE  ESP  OUTLET FOR
                     RUN  02,  SITE  BLB-A  (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
 Dioxln/Furan
    Isomer
Isomer Concentration
    In Flue Gas
     (ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
    In Flue Gas
       (ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
   (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND 1.69E-02)
5.06E-02 N/A )
NO 2.02E-02)
ND 5.40E-02)
8.43E-02( N/A )
3.71E-01( N/A )
5.06E-01

ND 3.37E-02)
5.06E-02 N/A )
ND 3.88E-02)
5.06E-02 N/A )
1.69E-01 N/A )
2.53E-01( N/A )
5.23E-01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are
ND not detected (detection limit
N/A detection limit not applicable.
ND ( 1.26E-03
3.78E-03( N/A
ND ( 1.37E-03
ND ( 3.32E-03
4.77E-03( N/A
1.94E-02( N/A ;
2.80E-02

ND ( 3.78E+00)
1.13E+01
ND ( 4.54E+00)
NO ( 1.21E+01)
1.89E+01
8.32E+01
1.13E+02

ND 2.65E-03) ND ( 7.56E+00)
3.98E-03 N/A ) 1.13E+01
ND 2.74E-03J ND ( 8.70E+00)
3.25E-03 N/A ) 1.13E+01
9.92E-03( N/A ) 3.78E+01
1.37E-02( N/A ) 5.67E+01
3.08E-02
1.17E+02
at as-measured oxygen conditions.
in parenthesis)..
QA samel es indicate
' the rfptprtinn limit
      for positive samples.
ng     1.0E-09g  -
ug     1.0E-06g
ppt    parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                      E-10
-------
          TABLE E-6.   DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP OUTLET FOR
                      RUN 03,  SITE BLB-A (AS-MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS)
 Dioxin/Furan
    Isomer
Isomer Concentration   Isomer
    In Flue Gas            In
     (ng/dscm)
                   Concentration
                   Flue Gas
                   (ppt)
                         Isomer Hourly
                         Emissions Rate
                            (ug/hr)
  DIOXINS


  2378 TCDD
  Other TCDD
  Penta-CDD
  Hexa-CDD
  Hepta-CDD
  Octa-CDD

  Total PCDD

  FURANS
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF
ND ( 1.88E-02)
ND
NO
ND
8.56E-02
1.88E-02)
3.77E-02)
4.11E-02)
N/A )
2.23E-01( N/A )
 3.08E-01
     ND
3.42E-02
     ND
     ND
5.14E-02
1.71E-02
I.71E-02)
 N/A    )
2.23E-02)
8.73E-02)
 N/A    )
 N/A    )
                  ND ( 1.41E-03)
                  ND ( 1.41E-03)
                  ND ( 2.55E-03)
                  ND ( 2.53E-03)
             4.85E-03(  N/A    )
             1.16E-02(  N/A    )

             1.65E-02
     ND ( 1.35E-03)
2.69E-03
     ND (
     ND (
3.02E-03(
9.28E-04(
 N/A    )
1.57E-03)
5.60E-03)
 N/A    )
 N/A    )
                         ND  ( 4.08E+00)
                         ND  ( 4.08E+00)
                         ND  { 8.15E+00)
                         ND  ( 8.89E+00)
                           1.85E+01
                           4.82E+01

                           6.67E+01
ND ( 3.71E+00)
  7.41E+00
ND ( 4.82E+00)
NO ( 1.89E+01)
  1.11E+01
  3.71E+00
--™	1-03E-01               6.64E-03                   2.22E+01

NOTE: Isomer concentrationrshown'afrH'as-measufed'oxygen'condition^

ND  - not detected (detection limit  in parenthesis).
N/A = detection limit not applicable.   QA samples indicate the detection  limit
      tor positive samples.
ng  „-  1.0E-09g
ug-  -  1.0E-06g
ppt »  parts per trillion,  dry volume  basis
8/60 operating hours per year
                                      E-ll
-------
-------
                      APPENDIX E-3
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP INLET
     (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
                        E-13
-------
-------
     TABLE E-7.   DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP INLET FOR RUN 01,
              _SITE BLB-A (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3  PERCENT OXYGEN)
Dioxfn/Furan
   Isomer
               Isomer Concentration
                   In Flue Gas
               (ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
                 Isomer Concentration
                     In Flue Gas
                   (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
                        Isomer Hourly
                        Emissions Rate
                            (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS
 2378 TCDD
 Other TCDD
 Penta-CDD
 Hexa-CDD
 Hepta-CDD
 Octa-CDD

 Total  PCDD

 FURANS
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF
                1.37E-01(
                3.28E-01(
                9.01E-01(
ND ( 2.18E-02)
ND ( 2.18E-02)
ND ( 8.46E-02)
      N/A    )
      N/A    )
      N/A    )
                1.37E+00
                     ND (
                2.73E-01(
                3.55E-01(
                4.92E-01(
                2.73E-01(
                8.19E-02(
1.64E-02)
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
     ND (
     ND-(
8.40E-03(
1.85E-02(
4.71E-02(

7.41E-02
                                            ND { 1.63E-03)
1.63E-03
5.72E-03
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
                       ND (
                  2.15E-02(
                  2.51E-02(
                  3.15E-02(
                  1.61E-02(
                  4.44E-03(
          1.29E-03]
           N/A    J
           N/A    ]
           N/A    ]
           N/A    ]
           N/A    ]
 Total PCDF     1.47E+00               9.86E-02

NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
                                      ND ( 4.47E+00)
                                      ND ( 4.47E+00)
                                      ND ( 1.73E+01)
                                        2.80E+01
                                        6.71E+01
                                        1.85E+02

                                        2.80E+02
               ND ( 3.36E+00)
                 5.59E+01
                 7.27E+01
                 1.01E+02
                 5.59E+01
                 1.68E+01

                 3.02E+02
ND  - not detected (detection limit in parenthesis).
N/A =* detection limit not applicable.  QA samles in
      for positive samples.
ng  »  1.0E-09g
ug  *  1.0E-06g
ppt =  parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                       QA samples indicate the detection limit
                                      E-15
-------
    TABLE E-8.  DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP INLET FOR RUN 02,
              -SITE BLB-A (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3 PERCENT OXYGEN)
Dioxin/Furan
   Isomer
         Isomer Concentration
             In Flue Gas
         (ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
    In Flue Gas
  (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
    (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND
2.23E-02
ND
8.93E-02
2.23E-01
[ 2.23E-02)
N/A )
2.68E-02).
N/A )
N/A )
7.14E-01( N/A )
1.05E+00

ND
2.23E-01
2.68E-01
4.46E-01
1.34E-01
8.93E-02
8.93E-02)
N/A
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
1.16E+00
ND (
1.67E-03(
ND (
5.49E-03(
1.26E-02(
3.74E-02(
5.71E-02

ND (
1.75E-02(
1.90E-02(
2.86E-02(
7.88E-03(
4.84E-03(
7.79E-02
1.67E-03)
N/A )
1.81E-03)
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )


7.02E-03)
N/A J
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )

ND ( 4.38E+00)
4.38E+00
ND ( 5.26E+00)
1.75E+01
4.38E+01
1.40E+02
2.06E+02

ND ( 1.75E+01)
4.38E+01
5.26E+01
8.76E+01
2.63E+01
1.75E+01
2.28E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NO
N/A

ng
ug
PPt
not detected (detection limit in parenthesis).
detection limit not applicable.  QA samples Indicate the detection limit
for positive samples.
 1.0E-09g
 1.0E-06g
 parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                     E-16
-------
    TABLE  E-9	DIOXIN/FURAN  EMISSIONS  DATA AT  THE  ESP  INLET  FOR RUN  03,
                SITE  BLB-A  (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED  TO 3  PERCENT OXYGEN)
Dioxin/Furan
   Isomer
Isoraer Concentration
    In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
            Isomer Concentration
                In Flue Gas
              (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
                                          Isomer Hourly
                                          Emissions Rate
                                              (ug/hc)
 DIOXINS


 2378 TCDD
 Other TCDD
 Perita-CDD
 Hexa-CDD
 Hepta-CDD
 Octa-CDD

 Total PCDD

 FURANS
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF

 Total PCDF
      ND
      ND
8.40E-02)
8.40E-02]
 6.54E-01(
 2.29E+00(

 2.94E+00
          -02)
ND ( 1.12E-01)
ND ( 4.39E-01)
      N/A    )
      N/A    )
      ND ( 1.87E-01)
 4.67E-OH
      ND (
 8.87E-01(
 4.20E-01(
      ND (

 1.77E+00
 N/A
6.91E-01)
 N/A    )
 N/A    )
2.94E-01)
                       ND ( 6.28E-03)
     ND
     ND (
     ND (
3.70E-02(
1.20E-01(

1.57E-01
6.28E-03)
7.57E-03)
2.70E-02)
 N/A    )
 N/A    )
                  5.69E-02I
             1.18E-01
          1.47E-02)
           N/A    )
          4.89E-02)
           N/A    )
           N/A    )
          1.59E-02)
ND
ND
ND
ND
(  1.51E+01)
  1.51E+01)
  2.02E+01)
  7.91E+01)
 18E+02
 12E+02
                                        5.30E+02
               ND ( 3.36E+01)
                 8.41E+01
               ND ( 1.25E+02)
                 1.60E+02
                 7.57E+01
               ND ( 5.30E+01)

                 3.20E+02
NOTE:  Isomer concentrations  shown  are corrected  to  3% oxygen.

ND  -  not detected  (detection  limit  in parenthesis).
N/A -  detection  limit not  applicable.  QA  samples indicate  the detection  limit
       for positive  samples.
ng  -  1.0E-09g
ug  =  1.0E-06g
ppt -  parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                     E-17
-------
-------
                       APPENDIX E-4
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP OUTLET

      (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
                           E-19
-------
-------
     TABLE E-10.  DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP OUTLET FOR RUN 01
              __ SITE BLB-A (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3 PERCENT OXYGEN)
 Dioxin/Furan
    Isomer
                Isomer Concentration   Isomer Concentration
                    In Flue Gas            in Flue Gas
                (ng/dscra  not detected (detection limit in parenthesis).
N/A - detection limit not applicable.  QA samples in
                          ND  (  1.36E+01)
                          ND  (  1.36E+01)
                          ND  (  5.71E+00)
                           3.52E+01
                           7.03E+01
                           1.63E+02

                           2.68E+02
ND { 1.76E+00)
  7.47E+01
  3.52E+01
  3.08E+01
  4.40E+01
  1.76E+0.1

  2.02E+02
                                       QA Samp1es 1nd1cate the detection limit
ng  -  1.0E-09g
ug  =»  1.0E-06g
ppt -  parts per trillion, dry volume basis
o/oO operating hours per year
                                      E-21
-------
     TABLE  E-ll.  DIOXIN/FURAN  EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP OUTLET FOR RUN 02,
               __ SITE BLB-A  (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3 PERCENT OXYGEN)
Dioxln/Furan
   Isomer
Isomer Concentration   Isomer Concentration
    In Flue Gas            In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)    (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
                                               Isomer Hourly
                                               Emissions Rate
                                                   (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS


 2378 TCDD
 Other TCDD
 Penta-CDD
 Hexa-CDD
 Hepta-CDD
 Octa-CDD

 Total PCDD

 FURANS
 2378 TCDF
 Other TCDF
 Penta-CDF
 Hexa-CDF
 Hepta-CDF
 Octa-CDF

 Total PCDF
     ND ( 1.97E-02)
5.91E-02(  N/A    )
     ND ( 2.37E-02)
     ND ( 6.31E-02)
9.86E-02(  N/A    )
4.34E-01(  N/A    )

5.91E-01
      ND (
 5.91E-02(
      ND (
 5.91E-02(
 1.97E-01(
 2.96E-01(

 6.11E-01
          3.94E-02)
          4.53E-02]
           N/A
           N/A
           N/A
     ND ( 1.47E-03]
4.42E-03(  N/A    ]
     ND ( 1.60E-03
     ND ( 3.88E-03]
5.58E-03(  N/A    1
2.27E-02(  N/A    J

3.27E-02
     ND ( 3.10E-03)
 .65E-03(
     ND (
 .79E-03(
 .16E-02(
 .60E-02(
 N/A    )
3.21E-03)
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
                       3.61E-02
                                                 ND (  3.78E+00)
                                                   1.13E+01
                                                 ND (  4.54E+00)
                                                 ND (  1.21E+01)
                                                   1.89E+01
                                                   8.32E+01

                                                   1.13E+02
ND ( 7.56E+00)
  1.13E+01
ND ( 8.70E+00)
    13E+01.
    78E+01
    67E+01
                                                                  1.17E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shovm are corrected to~3%"oxygenl	

ND  - not detected (detection limit in parenthesis).
N/A - detection limit not applicable.  QA samples indicate the detection limit
      for positive samples.
ng  -  1.0E-09g
ug  -  1.0E-06g
ppt »  parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
                                      E-22
-------
     TABLE 1-12.
            DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT THE ESP OUTLET FOR RUN 03
            SITE BLB-A (CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3 PERCENT OXYGEN)
Dioxin/Furan
    Isomer
         Isomer Concentration   Isomer Concentration
             In Flue Gas             In Flue Gas
         (ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)     (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
    (ug/hr)
 DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
-9
2
3

3
5
1
1
NO
ND
ND
ND
.21.E-02
.40E-01
.32E-01

( 2.03E-02)
( 2.03E-02)
( 4.05E-02)
4.42E-02)
N/A )
N/A )

ND ( 1.84E-02)
.68E-02( N/A )
ND ( 2.40E-02)
ND ( 9.40E-02)
.53E-02( N/A )
.84E-Q2( N/A )
.11E-01

5
1
1

2
3
9
7
ND (
ND (
ND (
ND (
.21E-03(
.25E-02(
.77E-02

ND (
.90E-03(
ND (
ND (
.25E-03(
.98E-04(
.15E-03
1.51E-03)
1.51E-03)
2.74E-03)
2.72E-03)
N/A )
N/A , )

1
1
6


.45E-03
N/A
.69E-03
.03E-03
N/A
N/A


j
)

ND
ND
ND
ND
1
4
6

ND
7
ND
ND
1
3
2
I
i
*
*
•

(
i
*
•
*
4.08E+00)
4.08E+00)
8.15E+00)
8.89E+00)
85E+01
82E+01
67E+01

3.71E+00)
41E+00
4.82E+00)
1.89E+01)
11E+01
71E+00
22E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected"to"3%~oxygen"
ND  =•
N/A -

ng  =
ug  =
ppt
not detected (detection limit in parenthesis).
detection limit not applicable.  QA samples indicate the
for positive samples.
 1.0E-09g
 1.0E-06g
 parts per trillion, dry volume basis
detection limit
11      r     f* •** 9  wiiiiiwiif u i i
8760 operating hours per year
                                     E-23
-------
-------
             APPENDIX F
RUN-SPECIFIC RISK MODELING INPUT DATA
-------
-------
        TABLE T^l.  RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 01, SITE BLB-A
Latitude - 34 50 39
Longitude - 80 53 22
Stack Height (From Grade Level) -
Stack Diameter (ID) - 3.2 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard)
                           68.6 m

                             3787.2 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature » 448.0 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) - 1003.1 mpm

Dioxin/Furan
Isomer


2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF

Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
ND ( 6.00E-02)
NO ( 6.00E-02)
ND ( 7.74E-03)
3.29E-01
ND ( 2.51E-02)
1.55E-01
1.55E-01
1.35E-01
3.09E-01
1.93E-01
7.16E-01
7.74E-02

Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
ND ( 1.36E+01)
ND ( 1.36E+01)
ND ( 1.76E+00)
7.47E+01
ND ( 5.71E+00)
3.52E+01
3.52E+01
3.08E+01
7.03E+01
4.40E+01
1.63E+02
1.76E+01

Relative
Potency
Factor

1.000
'.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000

2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
ND ( 1.19E+02)
ND ( 1.19E+00)
ND ( 1.54E+00)
6.55E-01
ND ( 2.50E+01)
3.08E+01
1.23E+01
2.70E+00
6.16E-01
3.85E-01
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading                    4.75E+01
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
Standard conditions:  293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8/60 operating hours per year
                                      F-l
-------
           TABLEJ-2.   RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 02,  SITE BLB-A
 Latitude - 34 50 39
 Longitude - 80 53 22
 Stack Height (From Grade  Level) - 68.6 m
 Stack Diameter (ID) - 3.2 m
 Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) - 3738.4 dscmm
 Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 446.2 K
 Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) - 972.5 mpm

Dioxin/Furan
Isomer

2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF

Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
ND ( 1.69E-02)
5.06E-02
ND ( 3.37E-02)
5.06E-02
ND ( 2.02E-02)
ND ( 3.88E-02)
ND ( 5.40E-02)
5.06E-02
8.43E-02
1.69E-01
3.71E-01
2.53E-01

Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
ND ( 3.78E+00)
1.I3E+01
ND ( 7.56E+00)
1.13E+01
ND ( 4.54E+00)
ND ( 8.70E+00)
ND ( 1.21E+01)
1.13E+01
1.89E+01
3.78E+01
8.32E+01
5.67E+01

Relative
Potency
Factor

1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000

2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
ND ( 3.31E+01)
9.94E-01
ND ( 6.63E+00)
9.94E-02
ND ( 1.99E+01)
ND ( 7.62E+00)
ND ( 4.24E+00)
9.94E-01
1.66E-01
3.31E-01
OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
                                                         2.58E+00
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
Standard conditions:  293 K (20 C) temperature and 1
8760 operating hours per year
                                              atmosphere pressure.
                                      F-2
-------
          TABLE_£-3.   RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 03,'SITE BLB-A
Latitude - 34 50 39
Longitude - 80 53 22
Stack Height (From Grade Level)
Stack Diameter (ID) =* 3.2 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard)
68.6 m

  3607.3 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature = 445.2 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) = 961.2 mpm

Dioxin/Furan
Isomer


Isomer
Concentration
In
Mue Gas
(ng/dscm)
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
NO
NO
ND
*
NO
NO
ND
ND
1.88E-02)
1.88E-02)
1.71E-02)
5.42E-02
3.77E-02)
2.23E-02)
4.11E-02)
k 8.73E-02)
J.56E-02
5.14E-02
2.23E-01
]
L.71E-02
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr) -
ND ( 4.08E+00)
ND ( 4.08E+00)
ND ( 3.71E+00)
7.41E+00
ND ( 8.15E+00)
NO ( 4.82E+00)
ND ( 8.89E+00)
ND ( 1.89E+01)
1.85E+01
1.11E+01
4.82E+01
3.71E+00
Relative
Potency
Factor

1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
NO ( 3.57E+01)
ND ( 3.57E-01)
ND ( 3.25E+00)
6.49E-02
NO ( 3.57E+01)
ND ( 4.22E+00)
NO ( 3.12E+00)
ND ( 1.66E+00)
1.62E-01
9.74E-02
.OOE+00
.'OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
                              3.25E-01
ND  -  not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A -  detection limit not available
ng  =  1.0E-09g
ug  -  1.0E-06g
mg  »  1.0E-03g
Standard conditions:  293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
                                     F-3
-------
-------
                       APPENDIX 6
ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
-------
-------
                                    APPENDIX G

              ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
Objective:  Given the analytical uncertainty of the dioxin/furan analyses
            (± 50% accuracy), estimate the uncertainty of the control device
            efficiency calculations.
      Let:  c
        tne "measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
        homo! ogue at the outlet location.

        the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
        homo! ogue at the inlet location.

        the max1mum possible concentration of the dioxin/
        furan homo! ogue given the measured value C  ,
                                                  out,meas
        the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
        furan homo! ogue given the measured value C  .
                                                  out,meas
        the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
        furan homologue, given the measured value C.
                                                   in,meas
        the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
        furan homologue, given the measured value C.
                                                   in,meas
the removal efficiency of the control device
             out
             out,
            C.
             in,meas
             out max
                '
             'out,min
             'in,max
             in,min
Assuming ± 50 percent analytical accuracy:
            Cmin = Cmeas ' °-5 Cmeas " °'5 Cmeas
            Cmax " Cmeas + °'5 Cmeas " l'S Cmeas
Note that:  E
             max
            "max
    in.max "  out.min

          in,max

       0 5 C
   1 -      out.meas

       1<5 Cin,meas
                                        1 - C
out.min
C.
 in,max
                                    G-l
-------
and:
             Erain
 in.min "  out.max

      in,min

    1 5 C
1 -      out.meas
                       0.5 C
                             1n,meas
                        .out.max
                        C.
                         in,mm
                     - 3  d - Emeas>
             "min
                 - 3
m
    eas

Now,
             min
       -^   positive control  (i.e.,  emissions
             reduction across  the control  device)
                    meas
Therefore, if Emeas is larger than 66.7 percent, the true removal efficiency
can safely be assumed to be greater than zero.
And,
             max
             negative  control  (i.e.,  emissions
             increase  across the  control device)
                       meas


Therefore, if Emeas is less than -200 percent, the true efficiency can safely
be assumed to be less than zero.
To summarize:
             meas
                  > 66.7 percent
                              positive control
            -200 < E     < 66.7 percent
                    meas
            Tneas
                  <-200 percent
                                    G-2
                              no definitive conclusions
                              can be drawn

                                 negative control
-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
   (EPORT NO.
      EPA-450/4-84-014m
                                   3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 I. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 National  Dioxin Study Tier 4
 Final Test Report - Site"4
 Black Liquor Boiler BLB - A
                                   5. REPORT DATE
       -  Combustion Sources
April 1987
                                   6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
     IOR(S)
 Lawrence  E.  Keller, Dennis R. Kinsley
 Robert  F. Jongleux
9. PERFORMING QHGA'NIZA*iON"NAME AND ADDRESS
 Radian  Corporation
 Post Office  Box 13000
 Research  Triangle Park, NC 27709
                                    PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                       87-231-056-12-42
                                   10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                   11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                                 68-03-3148
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
 Office of  Research and Development
 Washington, DC   20460
                                   13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                            Final
                                   4. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 EPA Project Officers:
Donald Oberacker,  ORD
William B. Kuykendal, OAQPS
 This report  summarizes the results  of a dioxin/furan emissions  test of a black  liquor
 recovery boiler  equipped with  a  wet-bottom electrostatic  precipitator for particulate
 matter emissions  control.  Black liquor recovery boilers  are used at kraft pulp mills
 to produce process steam  and  to reclaim  inorganic chemicals from  spent  wood pulping
 liquors.  The  test is the  forth in a  series of  several  dioxin/furan emissions tests
 being conducted  under Tier 4  of  the National Dioxin Study.   The  primary  objective of
 Tier 4  is  to  determine if  various  combustion sources  are  sources of dioxin and/or
 furan emissions.   If  any of the combustion sources are found to emit dioxin or furan,
 the secondary  objective  of Tier 4 is to quantify  these emissions.

 Black liquor recovery boilers  are one  of  8 combustion source categories tested in the
 Tier 4 program.   The  test  black liquor  boiler,  hereafter  referred to as  boiler BLB-A,
 was selected for  this  test after an  initial information screening and a one-day pretest
 survey visit.

 Data presented in the report  include dioxin (tetra through octa  homologue + 2378 TCDD)
 and furan (tetra  through octa  homologue  + 2378 TCDF) results for  stack  samples.   In
 addition, process  data collected  during sampling are also  presented.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        c.  COSATI Field/Group
 Air Emissions
 Combustion Sources
 Dioxin
 Furans
 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
 Black Liquor Boiler
 Pulp and Paper
                     Air Pollution Emissions
                       Data
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 Release Unlimited
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (Tins Report)

                                                   Unclassified
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R.v. 4-77)
                      PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
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