EPA-450/4-84-014p
NATIONAL DIOXIN STUDY
TIER 4 — COMBUSTION SOURCES
Final Test Report — Site 7
Wood Fired Boiler WFB — A
By
Lawrence E. Keller
Martha H. Keating
Carol L. Jamgochian
Radian Corporation
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Contract Number: 68-03-3148
Donald Oberacker, Project Officer
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office Of Air And Radiation
Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
And
Office Of Research And Development
Washington DC 20460
April 1987
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This report has been reviewed by the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication as received from the
contractor. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Agency, neither does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
EPA-450/4-84-014p
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FOREWORD
This report is the result of a cooperative effort
between the Office of Research and Development's Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (HWERL) and the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard's Monitoring
and Data Analysis Division (MDAD). The overall management
of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study was the responsi-
bility of MDAD. In addition, MDAD provided technical
guidance for the source test covered by this report.
HWERL was directly responsible for the management and
technical direction of the source test.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . - .................. !_!
2.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................. 2-1
2.1 Source Sampling and Analysis Overview ..... . . . 2-1
2.2 Summary of Results .......... . ..... . 2-4
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION .................... 3_1
3.1 Host Site Description ....... ......... 3-1
3.2 Wood-Fired Boiler Description ......... . . 3-1
3.2.1 Boiler Feed Materials ........... '. '. 3.1
3.2.2 Boiler Description ............ • . ] 3-2
3.3 Emissions Control System .............. * 3.6
4.0 TEST DESCRIPTION . . . . ................. 4_!
4.1 Field Sampling .............. !!!!*' 4-1
4.2 Process Data Collection ......... ...... 4-5
4.3 Laboratory Analyses ............. ! ] ! . 4-5
4.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses ......... •!!!.' 4-5
4.3.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analyses ........ 4-7
4.3.3 Total Chloride Analyses ............ 4-7
5.0 TEST RESULTS ....................... 5-1
5.1 Process Data ........ . . . '. '. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. '. 5-1
5.1.1 Boiler WFB-A Operating Data. ......... 5-1
5.1.2 Baghouse Operating Data ............ 5-5
5.2 Flue Gas Parameter Data ............. ', 5.5
5.3 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Data ....... . 5-9
5.4 MM5 Dioxin/Furan Data ............... ] 5_H
5.4.1 Baghouse Inlet .......... !!!!"* 5-11
5.4.2 Baghouse Outlet ............. '.'.'. 5-23
5.4.3 Baghouse Removal Efficiency ........ . '. 5-31
5.5 HC1 Train Chloride Emissions Data .......... 5-34
5.6 Wood Feed Precursor Data and Process Sample
Dioxin/Furan Analyses ............... 5-37
6.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES ............. 6-1
6.1 Gaseous Sampling ................ '.'.'. 6-1
6.1.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations ........ ! ! 6-1
6.1.1.1 Baghouse Outlet ........... 6-1
6.1.1.2 Baghouse Inlet (Boiler Outlet). ... 6-3
6.1.2 Gaseous Sampling Procedures ........ 6-3
6.1.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5) ....... 6-3
6.1.2.2 HC1 Determination .......... 6-7
6.1.2.3 Volumetric Gas Flow Rate
Determination ........... 6-10
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Section
Page
6.1.2 Gas Sampling Procedures (cont'd.)
6.1.2.4 Flue Gas Moisture Determination ... 6-10
6.1.2.5 Flue Gas Molecular Weight
Determination 6-10
6.2 Solid Samples 6-10
6.2.1 Wood Feed Sampling 6-10
6.2.2 Baghouse Dust Sampling 6-11
6.2.3 Bottom Ash Sampling 6-11
6.2.4 Soil Sampling 6-11
7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 7-1
7.1 Dioxins/Furans 7-1
7.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursors 7-2
7.2.1 GC/MS Analyses 7-2
7.2.1.1 Sample Preparation 7-3
7.2.1.2 Analyses 7-5
7.3 TOX Analyses 7-7
7.4 Total Chlorine Analysis 7-7
8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) 8-1
8.1 Manual Gas Sampling 8-2
8.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware
Preparation 8-2
8.2 Continuous Monitoring/Molecular Weight Determination. 8-6
8.3 Validation of 02 and C02 Data 8-9
8.4 Laboratory Analyses . 8-9
8.4.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses 8-11
8.4.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the
Test Samples 8-11
8.4.1.2 Sample Blanks 8-11
8.4.2 Precursor Analyses 8-14
8.4.3 Total Chloride Analyses 8-14
REFERENCES R-l
APPENDIX A FIELD RESULTS
A.I Definition of Terms and Sample Calculation for
MM5 Calculations. A-l
A.2 Baghouse Inlet MM5 Calculations and Results A-7
A.3 Baghouse Outlet MM5 Calculations and Results A-15
A.4 Baghouse Outlet HC1 Calculations and Results A-23
A.5 Baghouse Inlet MM5 Field Data Sheets A-31
A.6 Baghouse Outlet MM5 Field Data Sheets A-45
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Section
A.7
A.8
A.9
A.10
A.11
A.12
A.13
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
APPENDIX H
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX J
J.I
J.2
APPENDIX K
APPENDIX L
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Baghouse Outlet HC1 Field Data Sheets A-59
Baghouse Inlet MM5 Recovery Sheets A-67
Baghouse Outlet MM5 Recovery Sheets . A-75
Baghouse Outlet HC1 Recovery Sheets A-83
Recovery Sheets for Train Blanks A-93
Preliminary Testing Data A-101
Meter Calibration Data. '. A-lll
PROCESS MONITORING DATA ....
SYSTEM AUDIT CHECKLISTS ....
CEM DATA
WOOD FEED HEAT CONTENT ANALYSIS
TESTING PERSONNEL
ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY
CALCULATIONS
SAMPLE SHIPMENT LETTER
DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR GASEOUS SAMPLES. .
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(As-measured concentrations)
Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen). . .
RUN-SPECIFIC RISK MODELING INPUT DATA
COMPOUND-SPECIFIC PRECURSOR RESULTS .
B-l
C-l
D-l
E-l
F-l
G-l
H-l
1-1
J-l
J-7
K-l
L-l
VII
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LIST OF FIGURES
Number
2-1 Schematic Process Flow Diagram for Site WFB-A ....... 2-2
2-2 Data Summary for Site WFB-A ................ 2-5
3-1 One Cell Dutch Oven-Type Boiler .......... ... 3-4
3-2 Cinder Concentrator Detail .............. 3_7
4-1 Sample Point Diagram for Site WFB-A ............ 4.4
5-1 Oxygen Concentration History at Baghouse Inlet Location . . 5-12
5-2 Carbon Monoxide Concentration History at Baghouse Inlet
Location ......................... 5-13
5-3 Carbon Dioxide Concentration History at Baghouse Inlet
Location ................ ! . . . . 5.14
5-4 Nitrogen Oxide Concentration History at Baghouse Inlet
Location ..................... 5_.jc
5-5 Total Hydrocarbon Concentration History at Baghouse Inlet
Location ................ ^ ..... 5_16
5-6 Dioxin and Furan Homologue Distribution of the Baghouse
Inlet Emissions for Site WFB-A .............. 5.22
5-7 Dioxin and Furan Homologue Distribution of the Baghouse
Outlet Emissions for Site WFB-A ............. . 5.30
6-1 Sample Port Locations and Flow Dimensions ......... 6-2
6-2 Sample Point Layout, Baghouse Outlet ............ 6-4
6-3 Sample Point Layout, Baghouse Inlet ............ 6-5
6-4 Modified Method 5 Train ................. 6_8
6-5 Adsorbent Sampling System ..... ........... 6_9
6-6 Site Plot Plan and Soil Sampling Locations, Site WFB-A. . . 6-12
7-1 Sample Prearation Flow Diagram for Site WFB-A
Precursor Analyses .................... 7_4
8-1 Alpha-numeric sample code for Site WFB-A .......... 8-7
8-2 Validation of CEM and EPA Method 3 02 and OL Data ..... 8-8
IX
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LIST OF TABLES
Number
2-1 Source Sampling and Analysis Overview for Site WFB-A
2-2 Summary of Mean Dioxin and Furan Emissions Data for Site WFB-A.
3-1 Wood Feed Characteristics
4-1 Source Sampling and Analysis Matrix for Site WFB-A
4-2 Process Data Collected During Testing at Site WFB-A
5-1 Temperature Variations Three Inches above the Pile in the
Primary Combustion Chambers
5-2 Boiler WFB-A Operating Data
5-3 Baghouse Operating Data
5-4 Flue Gas Parameters at Site WFB-A Baghouse Inlet
5-5 Flue Gas Parameters at Site WFB-A Baghouse Outlet
5-6 Mean Values and Standard Deviations of Continuously Monitored
Combustion Gases at the Inlet Location
5-7 Overview of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Concentrations Data
for Site WFB-A (Baghouse Inlet Location)
5-8 Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emission Rates for Site WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location) ...
5-9 Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data from Baghouse Inlet
Location for Site WFB-A
5-10 Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emission Data from Baghouse Inlet
Location for Site WFB-A (Concentrations corrected to 3% Oxygen)
5-11 Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors for Baghouse Inlet Location
of Site WFB-A
5-12 Overview of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Concentration Data
for Site WFB-A (Baghouse Outlet Location)
5-13 Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emission Rates for Site WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Page
2-3
2-6
3-3
4-2
4-6
5-3
5-4
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-10
5-17
5-18
5-20
5-21
5-24
5-25
5-26
XI
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LIST OF TABLES
(cont'd.)
Number paqe
5-14 Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data from Baghouse Outlet
Location for Site WFB-A , 5-28
5-15 Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data, from Baghouse Outlet
Location for Site WFB-A (Concentrations corrected to 3% Oxygen) 5-29
5-16 Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors for Baghouse Outlet Location of
Site WFB-A 5-32
5-17 Baghouse Removal Efficiencies at Site WFB-A 5-33
5-18 HC1 Train Chloride Emissions Data for Site WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location). . . . 5-35
5-19 Summary of Total Chloride Analysis for Feed and Baghouse
Dust Samples for Site WFB-A 5-36
5-20 Summary of Dioxin Precursor Data for Site WFB-A Feed Samples. . . 5-38
5-21 Dioxin/Furan Contents of Primary and Secondary Combustion
Chamber Boiler Bottom Ash Samples from Site WFB-A 5-39
5-22 Dioxin/Furan Contents of Baghouse Dust Samples from Site WFB-A. . 5-40
6-1 Summary of Gas Sampling Methods for Site WFB-A. 6-6
7-1 Instrument Conditions for GC/MS Precursor Analyses 7-6
7-2 Components of the Calibration Solution. 7-8
7-3 Analytical Conditions for TOX Analysis 7-9
8-1 Glassware Precleaning Procedure 8-3
8-2 Summary of Isokinetics Results for MM5. 8-5
8-3 Summary of Drift Check and Control Standard Results 8-8
8-4 Summary of Surrogate Recoveries for Dioxin/Furan Analyses
on Site WFB-A Samples 8-12
8-5 Analysis Results for Quality Control Samples 8-13
8-6 Field Blank Dioxin/Furan Data for Site WFB-A MM5 Samples 8-15
8-7 Percent Surrogate Recoveries for Site WFB-A Feed Samples 8-16
xn
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furana emissions test of
a wood-fired boiler equipped with a fabric filter system for particulate
emissions control. The boiler combusts a combination of bark, hogged wood,
sawdust, and green and dry planer shavings. This test is the seventh in a
series of emission tests conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study.
The primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various combustion devices
are sources of dioxin and/or furan emissions. If any of the combustion
sources are found to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier 4
is to quantify these emissions.
Wood-fired boilers are one of eight combustion device categories that
have been tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested boiler, hereafter
referred to as Boiler WFB-A, was selected for this test after an initial
information screening and a 1-day pretest survey. The logs which are pro-
cessed at the plant are stored in a salt water body adjacent to the plant.
Thus, the feed to Boiler WFB-A has a higher inorganic chloride content than
the feed to most wood-fired boilers. Boiler WFB-A is considered representative
of those wood-fired boilers in the United States firing salt-laden wood.
This test report is organized as follows. A summary of test results and
conclusions is provided in Section 2.0, followed by a detailed process
description in Section 3.0. The source sampling and analysis plan is outlined
in Section 4.0 and the field sampling and analytical data are presented in
Section 5.0. Sections 6.0 through 9.0 present various testing details.
These include descriptions of the sampling locations and procedures
(Section 6.0), descriptions of the analytical procedures (Section 7.0), and a
summary of the quality assu'rance/quality control results (Section 8.0). The
appendices contain data generated during the field sampling and analytical
activities.
The term "dioxin/furan" as used in this report refers to the polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers with four or more chlorine atoms.
1-1
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2.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
2.1 SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
The host site (Site WFB-A) is a lumber products plant that uses a wood-
fired boiler system to generate process steam. The boiler is fired with a
mixture of bark, hogged wood, sawdust, and green and dry planer shavings.
Particulate emissions in the exhaust gases from the boiler are controlled by
a fabric filter system. A schematic flow diagram of the wood-fired boiler
system is presented in Figure 2-1.
The gaseous, liquid and solid sampling conducted in this test program
are summarized in Table 2-1. Sampling for dioxin/furan emissions was performed
at the inlet to and the outlet from the fabric filter (baghouse) during each
of three test runs conducted on April 16, 17, and 18, 1985. The dioxin/furan
sampling procedure was based on the October 1984 draft of the Modified Method
5 (MM5) procedure developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME) for measuring emissions of chlorinated organic compounds. Minor
changes were made to the ASME protocol as a result of earlier Tier 4 tests.
The changes are described in Section 6 of this report. The MM5 sample train
components (probe rinses, filter, sorbent trap, etc.) were analyzed for
dioxins/furans by ECL-BSL and EMSL-RTP, two of three EPA laboratories
referred to collectively in the National Dioxin Study as Troika. The
analyses quantified the isomer 2378-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD),
the tetra- through octa- polychlorinated dioxin homologues (PCDD), and the
tetra- through octa- polychlorinated dibenzofuran homologues (PCDF).
Dioxin/furan and precursor analyses were performed on a composite sample
of the wood fuel. Samples of the baghouse dust and the boiler bottom ash
were collected for dioxin/furan analysis. The dioxin/furan analyses were
performed by Troika and the precursor analyses were performed by Radian.
Specific precursors analyzed for were chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes,
2-1
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TABLE 2-1. SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
Item
Item Description
1. Number of test runs
2. Gaseous Sampling
Solids Sampling
Three identical test runs
(Runs 01, 02, 03)
MM5 dioxin sampling at the baghouse
outlet and baghouse inlet (boiler
outlet). (Runs 01, 02, 03)
Dioxin/furan analysis.
HC1 sampling at the baghouse outlet
(Runs 01, 02, 03). HC1 analysis.
EPA Reference Methods 2 and 4 at
baghouse outlet and baghouse inlet
(boiler outlet) (Runs 01, 02, 03).
Gas velocity and moisture.
Integrated bag sampling (EPA Reference
Method 3) at the baghouse outlet and
baghouse inlet (boiler outlet)
(Runs 01, 02, 03) C0?, 0?, and N?
analysis for molecular weight
determination.
Continuous monitoring of CO, C0?, 0?,
NO , and THC (total hydrocarbon! at
baghouse inlet (boiler outlet)
(Runs 01, 02, 03)
Wood fuel sampling (Runs 01, 02, 03).
Dioxin precursor analysis and total
chloride analysis.
Baghouse dust sampling (Runs 01, 02, 03)
Dioxin/furan analysis, bioassay.
Boiler bottom ash sampling (Runs 01, 02,
03) Dioxin/furan analysis, bioassay.
Soil sampling (one composite sample from
10 locations). Potential dioxin/furan
analysis.
2-3
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polychlorinated biphenyls, and total chlorine. The baghouse dust and boiler
bottom ash were also collected for bioassay testing performed by EPA/ERL-
Duluth.
Continuous emission monitors were operated during the test periods to
measure C00, 0
«, CO, NO , and total hydrocarbon (THC) concentrations at the
f— A ' ' •
boiler outlet. The continuous emission monitor (CEM) data are used in
conjunction with the process data to document the stability of combustion
conditions during the test.
A single composite soil sample was collected under Tier 4 and was
transferred to Tier 7 for potential dioxin/furan analysis.
2.2 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
The data obtained at Site WFB-A during the Tier 4 test program are
summarized in Figure 2-2. Detectable quantities of all targeted dioxin and
furan species were found in the stack gas at the outlet from the baghouse.
As shown in Table 2-2, average as-measured stack of gas concentrations of
2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF at the baghouse outlet were 0.08
ng/dscm, 58 ng/dscm, and 25 ng/dscm, respectively. The hourly emission rates
at the baghouse outlet were 5.8 ug/hour for 2378-TCDD, 4190 ug/hour for total
PCDD, and 1800 ug/hour for total PCDF. The baghouse appeared to have
positive control for furans but exhibited negative control for the dioxins,
although analytical uncertainties inherent in 6C/MS analysis limit the
ability to quantify the control efficiency accurately. The dioxins were,
fairly evenly distributed among the tetra through octa-chlorinated dioxin
homologues. The tetra-chlorinated furan homologue was the largest single
contributor to the total PCDF emissions.
At the baghouse inlet, detectable quantities of 2378-TCDD, total PCDD,
and total PCDF were found. Average as-measured stack gas concentration of
2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF at the baghouse intlet were 0.35
ng/dscm, 37 ng/dscm, and 62 ng/dscm, respectively. The hourly emission rates
at the baghouse inlet were 16 ug/hour for 2378-TCDD, 2640 ug/hour for total
PCDD, and 4380 ug/hour for total PCDF. The dioxins were fairly evenly
2-4
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TABLE 2-2. SUMMARY OF MEAN DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE WFB-A
Parameter
2378-TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
INLET:
Emissions Concentratfon
(ng/dscm)
As-measured
Corrected to 3% 02
Emissions Rate (ug/hr)
OUTLET:
Emissions Concentration
(ng/dscm)
As-measured
Corrected to 3% 02_
Emissions Rate (ug/hr)
0.35
0.87
16.0
0.08
0.28
5.8
37
102
2640
62
156
4380
58
195
4190
25
83
1800
2-6
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distributed among the tetra through octa-chlorinated dioxin homologues. The
tetra-chlorinated furan homologue was the largest single contributor to the
total PCDF emissions. Samples of bottom ash from the primary combustion
chamber of the boiler contained 0.15 ng/g of total PCDO; no furans were
detected in the primary combustion chamber bottom ash. Results were not
reported for the 2378-TCDD isomer; however, the analyses indicate 2378-TCDD
is a minor component of total TCDD's, if present. Samples of bottom ash from
the secondary combustion chamber of the boiler contained an average of 0.01
ng/g of total PCDD. The 2378-TCDD isomer and PCDF homologues were not
detected in the secondary combustion chamber bottom ash.
Samples of baghouse dust contained an average of 1.0 ng/g of 2378-TCDD,
1144 ng/g of total PCDD, and 316 ng/g of total PCDF including 5.6 ng/g of the
2378-TCDF isomer.
Chloride emissions at the baghouse outlet were measured at 86 ng/dscm
which corresponds to 195 mg/dscm at 3 percent Or The average chloride
emission rate was calculated to be 5.8 kg/hour.
Precursor analysis of the wood feed did not detect chlorobenzenes,
polychlorinated biphenyls, or chlorophenols.
The baghouse treated an average of 1118.4 dscmm at a temperature of
253°C. At the outlet stack, the measured flow rate was 1208.4 dscmm at a
temperature of 224°C. Average flue gas concentrations measured at the
baghouse inlet by the Radian continuous emissions monitoring system were: 02,
13 volume percent; C02, 17.9 volume percent at 3 percent 02 (dry); CO,
272.7 ppmv at 3 percent 02; THC, 1.9 ppmv at 3 percent 02 (wet); and NO ,
0.27 ppmv at 3 percent Og (dry).
The composite soil sample for Site WFB-A has not yet been analyzed for
dioxin/furan content.
2-7
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3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
This section describes the host site and the wood-fired boiler/baghouse
system tested. Data summarizing the operation of the boiler/baghouse system
during the test periods are presented in Section 5.0.
3.1 HOST SITE DESCRIPTION
The host site (Site WFB-A) manufactures overlay panels and other lumber
products. A total of seven wood-fired boilers supply steam to the plant.
The wood-fired boiler tested is a Babcock & Wilcox 3-cell Dutch-Oven
boiler rated at 100,000 Ib/hr high pressure (275 psig) steam. This boiler
was built in 1939. Exhaust gases from the Babcock & Wilcox boiler are ducted
to a Standard Havens baghouse. The Babcock & Wilcox boiler and Standard
Havens baghouse are described in more detail in Section 3.2.
The remaining six wood-fired boilers at the plant are Dutch-Oven type
Sterling boilers rated at 27,500 Ib/hr low pressure steam each. These
boilers were manufactured between 1924 and 1926. Exhaust gases from the
Sterling boilers are ducted to a single baghouse that was recently destroyed
by fire.
3.2 WOOD-FIRED BOILER DESCRIPTION
This section describes the Babcock & Wilcox boiler tested. For the
purpose of the Tier 4 program, the boiler will be referred to as Boiler WFB-A.
3.2.1 Boiler Feed Materials
During normal operation, Boiler WFB-A is 100 percent fired with scrap
wood mainly from the lumber plant at the host site. Some of the wood feed
comes from other mills. The wood feed is a mixture of bark, hogged wood, and
green and dry planer shavings. The composition of the wood feed as estimated
in 1979 is 90 to 95 percent sawmill bark and 5 to 10 percent hogged wood.1
3-1
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The wood type during the test was mainly Douglas fir. The scrap wood varies
in size from sawdust to 3 inch diameter pieces and is well-mixed before
entering the boiler.
Nearly all of the logs used at the lumber plant have been stored in a
salt water body adjacent to the plant. Thus, the boiler feed is expected to
have a considerably higher inorganic chloride content than the feed to most
wood-fired boilers. Plant personnel indicate that the scrap wood has not
been treated with the preservative pentachlorophenol.
In order to characterize the wood feed for each test day, wood feed
samples were analyzed for heat content, moisture content, chlorine content,
and carbon content. The results of the analyses are presented in Table 3-1.
The analysis reports are contained in Appendix E. The heat content of the
samples varied from 8,678 to 9,138 Btu/dry Ib with a mean of 8,953 Btu/dry Ib
and a variation from the mean of 3 percent. The moisture content averaged
47.3 percent with a variation from the mean of 4 percent; the chlorine
content averaged 30 percent and the carbon content averaged 54.2 percent.
Overall, the characteristics of the wood fuel were similar for the three test
runs.
An F-factor was calculated for the wood fuel. The F-factor ranged from
9,573 to 9,663 dscf/Btu. Typical F-factors for wood and wood bark are
9,280 dscf/Btu and 9,640 dscf/Btu, respectively.2 Thus, the F-factors for
the wood feed for the test period were typical.
A small amount of Bunker C oil is occasionally fired as auxiliary fuel
in the boiler when the scrap wood is unusually wet, or when there is a
malfunction in the wood feeding mechanism. However, no oil was fired during
the testing periods.
3.2.2 Boiler Description
Boiler WFB-A is a Babcock & Wilcox 3-cell Dutch-Oven that was installed
in 1939. The rated capacity of the boiler is 100,000 Ib/hr of steam at
275 psig. A diagram of a one-cell Dutch-Oven is shown in Figure 3-1. Boiler
WFB-A, which is a 3-cell, has three primary chambers which connect into a
common secondary chamber.
3-2
-------
TABLE 3-1. WOOD FEED CHARACTERISTICS
Heat content (Btu/dry 1b)
Moisture content (wt %)
Chlorine content (wt %, dry)
Carbon content (wt %, dry)
F-factor (dscf/Btu)
Run 1
9042
49.5
0.33
54.2
9573
Run 21
8678
45.8
0.30
53.8
9663
Run 3
9138
46.5
0.26
54.5
9581
Average
8953
47.3
0.30
54.2
9606
—r. .„„..,. .,<„„,,,„ nuo v.u,,cv,ueu emu anaiyzea tor tms run. These values
are an average for the two samples. For the following parameters? the
vacations from the mean for the two samples were: heat content - 2 percent•
chlorine content - 3 percent; and carbon content - 0.02 percent percent'
3-3
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Boiler WFB-A supplies high pressure steam to veneer dryers in the
plywood plant. The normal steam requirement for the veneer dryers is about
38,000 Ib/hr steam, so Boiler WFB-A is typically base loaded at about
40,000 Ib/hr steam. To maintain steady operation of the boiler, excess steam
is routed to a pressure reducer for the low pressure steam system. The load
of Boiler WFB-A fluctuates less than the other six wood-fired boilers at the
plant because variations in steam demand of the lumber plant are normally
accommodated by the six smaller Sterling boilers.
The scrap wood is intermittently fed to the boiler by a screw conveyor
that dumps the feed into a pile in the primary chamber. The feed rate is
controlled by a temperature sensor that responds to the height of the pile.
The temperature sensors are encased in a protective water jacket. The
controller responds to the temperature of the water in the jacket. However,
due to the age of the system, the boiler operators were unsure of the values
of the setpoints.
Preheated combustion air enters the boiler as undergrate air in the
primary chamber and through overfire air ports in the secondary chamber.
During testing the boiler was operated at about 160 percent excess oxygen
based on the continuous emission monitor (CEM) results.
The boiler is equipped with minimal process instrumentation. Data
recorded on strip charts include steam flow, steam temperature, boiler outlet
flue gas temperature, air heater outlet temperature, feedwater flowrate,
feedwater temperature, and pressure. The boiler does not have an automatic
oxygen trim system. The combustion air flowrates (draft) are controlled by
forced draft and induced draft fan speeds. The combustion air flowrates are
adjusted in conjunction with the steam pressure setpoint. An hourly data log
is not maintained by the plant.
Ash is collected in ash pits for each primary chamber, and in the
secondary chamber. The primary chamber ash pits are under positive pressure
when the underfire air is flowing. The underfire air is preheated as it
flows through the ash pits. The secondary chamber ash pit is under negative
pressure. One ash pit is raked each night, including the secondary combus-
tion chamber ash pit, if needed. Thus, each ash pit is raked about once a
3-5
-------
week. The exhaust gases from Boiler WFB-A pass to an emissions control
system which is described in Section 3.3.
3.3 EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEM
Exhaust gases from Boiler WFB-A pass through an air preheater to a
multi-cyclone/baghouse control system. The exhaust gases first pass through
a cinder concentrator where an abrupt change in the gas stream direction and
velocity impacts cinders onto pipes. A diagram of the cinder concentrator is
shown in Figure 3-2. About 20 percent of the gas stream and the collected
cinders are drawn through a multi-cyclone before returning to the main
exhaust gas stream. The collected ash from the multi-cyclones is conveyed
pneumatically from the multi-cyclones and reirijected into the Sterling
boilers system. The pneumatic system could not be opened to collect
multi-cyclone ash samples.
The exhaust gas stream then flows to a Standard-Havens six module
baghouse. The baghouse treats about 100,000 acfm of exhaust gas at 480 to
500°F. The design air-to-cloth ratio of the baghouse is 4:1.
Each module has 196 teflon-coated glass fiber bags with an effective gas
cleaning area of approximately 20 square feet per bag. The overall pressure
drop across the baghouse controls the cleaning cycles. The setpoint of the
controller ranges between 13 to 14.5 inches of water. If the cleaning cycle
is not triggered after 20 minutes, then a cleaning cycle starts. However,
during testing the pressure drop across the baghouse was always near or about
the setpoint, so that the baghouse operates in a continuous cleaning mode.
The collected dust from the baghouse is screw conveyed out to enclosed
dumpsters. The temperature of the baghouse is also monitored to prevent high
temperature damage to the bags.
3-6
-------
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4.0 TEST DESCRIPTION
This section defines the field sampling, process monitoring, and
analytical measurements that were performed at Site 07. The purpose of this
section is to provide sufficient descriptive information about the test so
that the test data presented in Section 5.0 can be easily understood.
Specific testing details (specific sampling locations and procedures) are
presented later in Section 6.0.
This section is divided into three parts. Section 4.1 summarizes field
sampling activities, Section 4.2 summarizes process monitoring activities,
and Section 4.3 summarizes analytical activities performed during the test
program.
4.1 FIELD SAMPLING
Table 4-1 shows the source sampling and analysis matrix for Site 07.
Three dioxin/furan emissions tests (Runs 01 - 03) were performed at the inlet
and outlet to the baghouse. These sampling locations are shown as points A
and B on Figure 4-1. Dioxin/furan sampling followed the Modified Method 5
(MM5) sampling protocol developed by the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) for measuring emissions of chlorinated organic compounds.
During each test run, at least 240 minutes of on-line sampling were performed
with the MM5 trains.
Concentrations of HC1 in the flue^gas were determined for each test day
at the baghouse outlet exhaust stack using another modification of the EPA
Method 5 (MM5/HC1). Continuous emission monitoring (CEM) of 02, CO, C02,
NOX, and total hydrocarbons (THC) was performed at the baghouse inlet during
each of the test runs.
Three types of process samples were taken during the MM5 test periods:
wood feed samples, boiler bottom ash samples, and baghouse dust samples.
4-1
-------
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Samples of the wood fuel and baghouse dust were taken each hour, and daily
composite samples were prepared for each. Bottom ash samples were taken from
the boiler after each test run. The primary chamber bottom ash pits were
pressurized and could not be accessed while the boiler was operating.
Soil samples were collected from ten locations at the plant site. The
ten samples were combined into a single composite, which is being held for
potential dioxin/furan analysis pending evaluation of the MM5 dioxin/furan
emissions data.
4.2 PROCESS DATA COLLECTION
Process data were collected to characterize the operation of the wood
fired boiler and the baghouse during the MM5 test periods. Table 4-2 shows
the type of data that was collected during the sampling.
4.3 LABORATORY ANALYSES
Laboratory analyses performed on samples from Site 07 included dioxin/
furan analyses, dioxin/furan precursor analyses, and total chloride analyses.
These analyses are discussed in Sections 4.3.1, 4.3.2, and 4.3.3, respectively.
4.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
All dioxin/furan analyses were performed by ECL-BSL and EMSL-RTP, two of
three EPA laboratories collectively referred to as Troika.
Field samples requiring dioxin/furan analysis were prioritized based on
their relative importance to the Tier 4 program objectives. The priority
levels, in order of decreasing importance, were designated Priority 1 through
Priority 3.
Priority 1 samples were sent to Troika with instructions to perform
immediate extraction and analysis. These included the MM5 train components
for the baghouse inlet and outlet sampling locations, MM5 field train blanks
(one for each of the baghouse inlet and outlet), field solvent blanks,
baghouse dust ash samples, and boiler bottom ash samples.
4-5
-------
TABLE 4-2. PROCESS DATA COLLECTED DURING TESTING AT SITE WFB-A
Parameter
Source
Frequency
1. Furnace Operation
• Feed Rate
For each cell:
Primary chamber temperature
Pile temperature
Underfire air draft
• secondary chamber temperature
a overfire air damper setting
Estimate from CO,
emissions *
Thermocouple probe
Thermocouple probe
Meter
Thermocouple probe
Meter
Overall estimate
for test period
Once per run
Once per run
Hourly
Once per run
Hourly
2. Boiler Operation
Steam rate Chart record
Steam temperature Chart record
Steam pressure Chart record
Flue gas exit temperature Chart record
Air heater exit temperature Chart record
Feedwater temperature Chart record
Feedwater flowrate Chart record
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
3. Fabric Filter Operation
t Inlet temperature
t AP across each module
t Cleaning cycle time
Meter
Meter
Observation/
stopwatch
Hourly
Hourly
Once for test
period
4-6
-------
Priority 2 samples were sent to Radian/RTP for archiving. These samples
may be analyzed for dioxin/furan in the future, pending the results of the
Priority 1 analyses. Priority 2 samples at Site 07 include the wood feed
samples.
The only Priority 3 sample taken was the composite soil sample. The
soil sample was transferred to Tier 7 for potential dioxin/furan analysis.
4.3.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analyses
Dioxin/furan precursor analyses of boiler feed samples were performed by
Radian/RTP. The specific dioxin/furan precursors analyzed for included
chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, PCB's and total chlorine.
4.3.3 Total Chloride Analyses
Total chloride analyses were performed on front-half and back-half HC1
train samples. Also analyzed for total chlorides were the baghouse dust and
wood feed samples.
4-7
-------
-------
5.0 TEST RESULTS
The results of the Tier 4 dioxin/furan emission test of wood-fired boiler
WFB-A are presented in this section. The individual test runs are designated
as Runs 01-03.
Process data obtained during the test runs are presented in Section 5.1,
and flue gas parameter data are presented in Section 5.2. Continuous
monitoring results for 02> CO, C02, NOX, and THC concentrations at the
baghouse inlet are presented in Section 5.3. The dioxin/furan emissions data
for the MM5 sampling are contained in Section 5.4. Results of HC1 train
sampling at the baghouse outlet and chlorine analysis of the wood feed and
baghouse dust samples are presented in Section 5.5. Dioxin/furan precursor
analysis data for the wood feed samples and dioxin/furan analysis data for
the baghouse catch and bottom ash samples are presented in Section 5.6.
5.1 PROCESS DATA
Process data were obtained to document Boiler WFB-A and baghouse operation
during the test runs. In general, the process data indicate that process
operations were stable during each of the three test runs. Also, the process
data indicate that process operations were similar for each test run. Boiler
operating data are summarized in Section 5.1.1, and baghouse operating data
are summarized in Section 5.1.2.
5.1.1 Boiler WFB-A Operating Data
Since the wood fuel feed rate was not measured by the plant, and the
design of the feed system was not conducive to a surrogate weighing system,
the wood feed rate was estimated from the C02 emissions in the boiler flue
gas. The wood fuel feed rate to the three primary chambers is estimated at
24,650 wet Ib/hr wood feed using average process values of the 3-day test
period.
5-1
-------
The wood feed rate for each primary chamber is controlled by temperature
sensors located in each of the three primary chamber piles. As the pile
burns down, the temperature increases until the setpoint is reached and more
feed is added. Combustion is temporarily dampened, and the pile temperature
decreases until the recently added fuel begins to combust. The combustion
zone temperatures were not measured by the plant, so a thermocouple was
placed 3 inches above the pile and the temperature monitored through several
feed cycles during Run 03. The feed cycles last up to several minutes. The
temperature data are shown in Table 5-1. The high and low temperatures for
the three piles varied significantly between feed cycles.
During Run 02, the temperature of the pile for screw feeder #1 was
measured 1 inch above the top of the bed where it ranged from 800 to 1S100°F;
at the surface of the pile, the temperature ranged from 1,250 to 1,400°F.
The temperature probe was placed 1 inch into the bed where the temperature
ranged from 220 to 900°F. The temperature profile data indicate that the
combusting wood fuel in the primary chambers can be exposed to temperatures
ranging from a low of 200°F to a high of approximately 1,700°F.
The secondary chamber temperature was measured by inserting a temperature
probe 8 feet into the three secondary chamber access doors. The average
secondary chamber temperature was 1,650°F with about a 5 percent variation
from the mean. The secondary chamber draft was steady at -0.02 inches of
water.
Mean values for the boiler operating parameters for the three test runs
are shown in Table 5-2. The mean values for the three test runs are also
averaged for a mean value for the entire three day test period. The individual
data points are contained in Appendix B.
Typical operation of boiler WFB-A, as reported by the plant, is
50,000 Ib/hr steam £--10,000 Ib/hr. During the test days, the boiler load
varied a maximum of 7 percent from the mean of 46,800 Ib/hr, and thus operated
at a typical load. Based on a heat requirement of 1,100 Btu/lb steam produced,
the average efficiency of the boiler was calculated to be 44 percent. With a
wood feed moisture content of about 50 percent, this boiler efficiency is
considered reasonable.
5-2
-------
TABLE 5-1. TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS 3 INCHES ABOVE THE
PILE IN THE PRIMARY COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
Feeding
Cycles
Primary Chamber Temperatures f°n 3" Above Pile frange--low"to high
Chamber #1 Chamber #2 Chamber #3
1
2
3
4
884-1189
712-987
987-1457
1370-1473
1215-1680
1540-1655
1157-1480
1177-1570
1310-1674
1572-1615
1382-1729
1634-1708
5-3
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The primary chambers ash pits were at an average positive draft of
1.0 inches of water, as the underfire air is supplied through these chambers.
The overfire air was supplied at an average pressure of 0.06 inches of water.
The flue gas temperature as measured by the plant was at an average of
669°F for the 3-day test period. The temperature varied about 3 percent from
the mean for the three test runs.
5.1.2 Baghouse Operating Data
The overall pressure drop across the baghouse controls the baghouse
cleaning cycles. The setpoint was adjusted so that the baghouse was in a
continuous cleaning cycle mode. When operating in a continuous cleaning
cycle mode, the duration of the cleaning cycle was measured at 8 minutes.
The setpoint is typically set at a pressure drop of 13 to 14.5 inches of
water. The average pressure drops measured during the test periods are shown
in Table 5-3. The individual data points are contained in Appendix B. The
average pressure drop for the test periods was 13.5 inches of water, which is
within the typical range for a baghouse.
Also shown in Table 5-3, are the inlet and outlet temperatures to the
baghouse and the gas flowrates into the baghouse. The inlet gas temperature
averaged 484°F for the test periods. During Run 02, the high temperature
alarm was triggered as the inlet gas temperature reached 500°F, which is the
alarm setpoint.
The baghouse treated an average of 86,720 acfm (at 480°F) of flue gas
during the test periods. The baghouse is rated at 100,000 acfm.
5.2 FLUE GAS PARAMETER DATA
Tables 5-4 and 5-5 summarize flue gas data from the baghouse inlet
sampling location and the baghouse outlet sampling location, respectively, at
Site WFB-A. Flue gas parameters that were measured included temperature,
moisture, volumetric flowrate, and oxygen concentration. The values of these
parameters were consistent between test runs at both tested locations.
As shown in Table 5-4, the average flue gas temperature and moisture
content measured at the baghouse inlet location were 253°C (487°F), and
12.6 percent volume, respectively. The average inlet gas flowrate under
5-5
-------
TABLE 5-3. BAGHOUSE OPERATING DATA
Parameter
Pressure drop across baghouse
(inches H20)
Gas Flowrate into Baghouse
(dscfm)
(acfm)
Inlet Temperature (°F)1)2
Outlet Temperature (°F)3
Run 1
13.1
43840
88820
469
424
Run 21
14.0
41140
86985
500
446
Run 3
13.5
40900
84350
482
435
Average
(runs 1-3)
13.5
41960
86720
484
435
1
High temperature alarm triggered at 500°F.
9
Temperature measured by plant.
Temperature measured by Radian.
5-6
-------
TABLE 5-4. FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE WFB-A BAGHOUSE INLET3
Flue Gas Parameters
Temperature °C
Moisture (vol %)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Oxygen Content (vol %}
Radian CEM
EPA Method 4
Run 01
244
12.0
2515
1242
13.3
13.3
Run 02
260
13.5
2463
1165
12.8
13.9
Run 03
254
12.2
2389
1158
13.0
13.9
Average
253
12.6
2456
1188
13.0
13.7
aMetric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data.
To convert to alternate units:
°F = 1.8 x °C + 32
cfm = cmm x 35.3
5-7
-------
TABLE 5-5. FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE WFB-A BAGHOUSE OUTLET3
Flue Gas Parameters
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (vol %)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Oxygen Content (vol %)
Radian CEM
EPA Method 4
Run 01
218
11.1
2,466
1,244
NAb
15.9
Run 02
230
12.6
2,486
1,208
NA
15.2
Run 03
224
8.6
2,285
1,173
NA
16.2
Average
224
10.8
2,412
1,208
NA
15.8
Metric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data.
To convert to alternate units:
°F = 1.8 x °C + 32
cfm = cmm x 35.3
3Not available. CEM data available from baghouse inlet location only.
5-8
-------
actual stack temperature and moisture conditions was 2,456 acmm
(86,693 acfm), and the average dry standard flowrate was 118 dscmm
(41,951 dscfm). Standard EPA conditions are 20°C (68°F) and one atmosphere.
Flue gas oxygen concentrations at the baghouse inlet location were
obtained from the Radian CEM system, and from integrated bag samples (EPA
Method 4). The average 02 concentrations of the flue gas as measured by
these two techniques were 13.0 volume percent and 13.7 volume percent,
respectively. The Radian CEM data will be used in subsequent sections of
this report when normalizing as-measured flue gas concentrations of other
species (e.g., dioxin, furan, CO, THC, etc.) to a reference oxygen level.
As shown in Table 5-5, the average flue gas temperature and moisture
content measured at the baghouse outlet location were 224°C (435°F) and
10.8 percent volume, respectively. The average outlet gas flowrate under
actual stack temperature and moisture conditions was 2,412 acmm
(85,154 acfm), and the average dry standard flowrate was 1,208 dscmm
(42,656 dscfm).
Flue gas oxygen concentrations at the baghouse outlet location were only
obtained from integrated bag samples (EPA Method 4). The average 0?
concentration of the flue gas as measured by this technique was 15.8 volume
percent.
5.3 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA
Mean values and standard deviations of the continuously monitored
combustion gases at the baghouse inlet location (02, CO, S02, NOX, and THC)
are shown for each MM5 test run in Table 5-6. The overall mean values for
the three test runs are as follows: oxygen, 13.0 percent by volume (dry);
carbon monoxide, 273 ppmv (dry at 3 percent 02); carbon dioxide, 17.9 percent
by volume (dry at 3 percent 02); nitrogen oxides, 0.27 ppmv (dry at 3 percent
02); and total hydrocarbons, 1.9 ppmv (wet at 3 percent 02, as propane). The
combustion gas results have been adjusted to the 3 percent oxygen reference
basis for comparison to other combustion sources in the Tier 4 program. The
unadjusted combustion gas results are included in Appendix D.
5-9
-------
TABLE 5-6. MEAN VALUES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF CONTINUOUSLY
MONITORED COMBUSTION GASES AT THE INLET LOCATION
Parameter (a,b,c)
02 (% vol)
CO (ppmv @ 3% 02)
C0« (% vol @ 3% 02)
NOV (ppmv 0 3% 02)
THC (ppmv 6 3% 02)
Run Ola
13.3
(0.6)
211.7
(82.8)
18.3
(1.0)
0.3
(0.3)
0.3
(0.1)
Run 02a
12.8
(0.9)
239.8
(60.7)
17.7
(0.4)
0.2
(0.3)
4.5
(2.0)
Run 03a
13.0
(1.2)
366.5
(234.4)
17.7
(0.5)
0.3
(0.4)
1.0
(3.7)
Overall
Mean
13.0
272.7
17.9
0.27
1.9
Mean values shown on top, with standard deviation below in parenthesis.
Gas sampling for the continuous monitors was performed at the inlet
location.
CA11 concentrations expressed on a dry volume basis except for total
hydrocarbon concentrations, which are expressed on a wet volume basis.
Total hydrocarbon data are expressed in units of ppmv (wet) as propane.
5-10
-------
The mean oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations showed little between-
run variability. The maximum deviation between the mean concentration for
any run and the overall mean value for all runs was less than 2 percent for
these species. The mean carbon monoxide concentrations showed some
variability between runs with a maximum variability of less than 35 percent
between the mean concentration for any run and the overall mean value for all
runs. Nitrogen oxide and total hydrocarbon concentrations had some
variability, but were at low concentrations so that the variation was not
significant. Also, the data did not show the expected positive relationship
between carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbon concentrations.
Five-minute average values of the continuously monitored combustion
gases are tabulated in Appendix D and are shown graphically as functions of
time in Figures 5-1 through 5-5.
The boiler did not have an oxygen trim system, so the wood feed and
combustion air flowrates were adjusted manually. The cyclic variation of the
oxygen and carbon monoxide concentrations may have been caused by the simul-
taneous feeding of all three screwfeeders which may dampen combustion and
cause oxygen and carbon monoxide concentrations to increase in a cyclic
pattern.
5.4 MM5 DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
5.4.1 Baghouse Inlet
Emissions concentration and emissions rate data measured at the baghouse
inlet location are shown in Tables 5-7 and 5-8 for the 2378 TCDD, total PCDD,
and total PCDF species. The data include dioxin and furan captured by the
entire MM5 train, including the air filter, primary XAD sorbent trap, backup
XAD sorbent trap, impingers, and sampled train cleanup rinses.
Isomer-specific analyses were performed on all outlet samples, but not
on some inlet samples. Analysis of the inlet and outlet samples did indicate
that the 2378 isomers were minor components (less than 25 percent) of total
TCDD/TCDF concentrations in most cases. Isomer-specific analyses were
performed on all samples in those cases where the first analysis (not
isomer-specific) indicated that the 2378 isomers were present in higher than
5-11
-------
SITE 07 -
TEST
IIC
MEflNi 13.3X 02
STO. OEV.! a. 67.
INSTRUMENT RANGEt B-23X 02
TOT TMC
-------
SITE 07 - TEST 1
e<««on MONOMIK rnonn
MEANt 211.7 pp.v CO
STD. DEV. t 82. 8 ppnv
INSTRUMENT RANGEI a-ABOO ppmv CO
TOT TMC (HOURS)
I
SITE 07 - TEST 2
CWOON MONOXIOC
MEANt 239.S pp«v Co
STD. DEV.i 68.7 ppnv
INSTRUMENT RANGEI a-6B«l pp«v CO
a
1.0
SITE 07 - TEST 3
CMIOON MONOXIOC *monx
(ncuny
MEANi 336.3 ppnv CO
STD. DEV.i 234.4 ppnv
INSTRUMENT RANGE. a-60OO pp«v CO
Figure 5-2. Carbon Monoxide Concentration History
at Baghouse Inlet Location.
5-13
-------
SITE 07 - TEST 1
28
34
23
30
13
1O
3 A
TEST TOC (HOURS)
HEANi 18.3% C02
STO. OEV.> l.BX
INSTRUMENT RANGE I B-2BX COZ
SITE 07 - TEST 2
cMtaoM OIOMOC
3*
ai
a*
23
30
ia
13
10
MEftNl 17.TX C02
STO. DEV.1 8.4X
INSTRUMENT RANGCl 9-2BX CO2
3 3
TEXT TIUC (HOUKl)
SITE 07 - TEST 3
CARBON DiOMOE PHOTILC
13
1O
MEAMl 17. rx. C02
3TD. OEV.i e.SX
INSTRUMENT RANGE: B-2BX CO2 '
TOT IMC (HOUHI)
Figure 5-3. Carbon Dioxide Concentration History
at Baghouse Inlet Location.
5-14
-------
SITE 07 - TEST 1
oxioa or MimoocN
I
a 4.
TOT TMC (H00«)
MEAN! 0.3 pp«v NOx
STD. DEV. t B.3 ppmv
INSTRUMENT RANGE I 9-leeo pp»v NO.
SITE 07 - TEST 2
oxaa OP NintoaiN i
o K^«*^«%w"vAi
a a
TOT TMC (HOUM3)
MEANl 0.2 pp«v NOx
STD. DEV.i 0.3 ppmv
INSTRUMENT RANGEt 8-1 Baa ppnv NO»
SITE 07 - TEST
or NimooiM PHOFILC
MEANt 0.3 ppmv Max
STD. DEV.t 0.4 ppmv
INSTRUMENT RANGEl O-IB00 pp«v NOx
t(HOUIM)
Figure 5-4. Nitrogen Oxide Concentration History
at Baghouse Inlet Location.
5-15
-------
SITE 07 - TEST 1
TOTAL HYDROCARBON PROFILE
MEANt B.3 ppav THC
STD. DEV.t «.i pp.v
INSTRUMENT RANSEl 8-SM pp«v THC
TOT TMC (HOURS)
SITE 07 - TEST 2
TOTAL HTOROCAHMN PKOF1LC
IS-
17-
IB-
IS-
13-
12-
11 -
IO-
- - )T
MEAN!
4.3 pp«v THC
nEHNI «.S ppnv THC
STO. DEV. t 2. a ppav
INSTRUMENT RANQEl 8-1OB ppav THC
a 3
TOT TMC (HOURS)
SITE 07 - TEST 3
TOTAL mTWOCAROOM PROPILC
u-
a>-
24-
33-
20-
1B -
t«-
14-
13-
1O-
• -
• -
4-
a-
HEAMt l.a pp«v THC
STO. OEV.i 3.7 pp«v
INSTRUMENT RANQEl B-lBa pp«v THC
t (Houn)
Figure 5-5.
Total Hydrocarbon Concentration History
at Baghouse Inlet Location.
5-16
-------
TABLE 5-7. OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS
CONCENTRATION DATA FOR SITE WFB-A
(BAGHOUSE INLET LOCATION)
Run Number
ng/dscm, (as-measured)
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
ng/dscm @ 3% 02a
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Emissions
2378-TCDD
NR
0.37
0.32
0.34
NR
0.94
0.81
0.87
Concentration.
Total PCDD
27.5
39.6
44.5
40.9
64.4
101.0
113.0
102.0
nq/dscm
Total PCDF
39.1
70.8
75.9
62.7
91.3
180.0
192.0
156.0
Flue gas concentration data corrected to 3% 09 using the Radian CEM data in
Table 5-4. c
NR = not reported by Troika. 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF were minor components
of respective total amounts of TCDD's/TCDF's.
5-17
-------
TABLE 5-8. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSION RATES
. FOR SITE WFB-A (BAGHOUSE INLET LOCATION)
Run Number
Dioxin/Furan Emission Rate,
2378-TCDD Total PCDD
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
NR
25.9
22.1
24.0
2,050
2,770
3,090
2,640
uq/hr
Total PCDF
2,910
4,950
5,280
4,380
NR - not reported by Troika. 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF were minor
components of total amounts of TCDD's/TCDF's.
5-18
-------
normal or expected concentrations. As a result, in the following sections it
will be noted that for some isomer-specific analyses the results were not
reported (NR) by Troika. In these cases, it should be assumed that the 2378
isomers are a minor component of the total TCDD/TCDF concentrations.
As shown in Table 5-7, at the baghouse inlet location average
as-measured emission concentrations of 2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF
species were 0.34 ng/dscm 2378-TCDD, 40.9 ng/dscm total PCDD, and
62.7 ng/dscm total PCDF. When corrected to 3 percent 0^ using the Radian CEM
oxygen concentration data, these values correspond to 0.87 ng/dscm 2378-TCDD
at 3 percent 02^ 102.0 ng/dscm total PCDD at 3 percent 02, and 156.0 ng/dscm
total PDCF at 3'percent 02>
In Table 5-8, dioxin and furan emission rates at the baghouse inlet
location for Site WFB-A are shown. Average emission rates for the three
species were 24 ug/hr 2378-TCDD, 2,640 ug/hr total PCDD, and 4,380 ug/hr
total PCDF. Emissions of total PCDD and total PCDF were consistent between
test runs. The maximum deviation of any individual run from the overall
average was approximately 23 percent for total PCDD emissions, and 34 percent
for total PCDF emissions.
Tables 5-9 and 5-10 present isomer- and homologue-specific emission
concentration data from the baghouse inlet location for the three test runs.
Table 5-9 presents the isomer concentration data at as-measured oxygen
conditions; Table 5-10 presents the isomer concentration data corrected to
3 percent Og. Also, run-specific data tables showing homologue emission
concentrations in both ng/dscm and parts-per-trillion units as well as
homologue emission rates in ug/hr units are included in Appendix J.
Detectable quantities of each isomer and homologue analyzed for were
found in baghouse inlet MM5 samples at Site WFB-A with the exception of the
OCDF species which was below the detectable limit for Run 01. However,
values for Run 01 were not reported by the analytical laboratory for
2378-TCDD, penta-CDD, and 2378-TCDF. Both 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF were minor
components of respective total amounts of TCDD's and TCDF's. Figure 5-6 is a
histogram showing the relative distributions (mole basis) of the
5-19
-------
TABLE 5-9. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FROM
BAGHOUSE INLET LOCATION FOR SITE WFB-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NR
4.78E+00
NR
4.92E+00
9.07E+00
8.77E+00
2.75E+01
NR
2.98E+01
4.70E+00
3.25E+00
1.31E+00
ND( 3.17E+00)
3.91E+01
3.70E-01
8.72E+00
1.02E+01
1.02E+01
8.12E+00
1.97E+00
3.96E+01
2.31E+00
4.33E+01
1.65E+01
5.90E+00
2.54E+00
2.56E-01
7.08E+01
3.18E-01
1.24E+01
1.16E+01
1 . 18E+01
6.62E+00
1.73E+00
4.45E+01
2.31E+00
4.75E+01
1.68E+01
6.81E+00
2.23E+00
2.31E-01
7.59E+01
3.44E-01
8.62E+00
1.09E+01
8.98E+00
7.94E+00
4.16E+00
4.09E+01
2.31E+00
4.02E+01
1.27E+01
5.32E+00
2.02E+00
1.63E-01
6.27E+01
NOTE. Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
NR = not reported by Troika. 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF are minor components
of total respective amounts of TCDD's/TCDF's.
n /\4> f4 *\+ f***± ** *A rj«^_^^* ^ » • • • . .
ND
ng
1.0E-09g
.
(detection limit in parentheses).
'
8760 operating hours per year
5-20
-------
TABLE 5-10.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FROM
BA6HOUSE INLET LOCATION FOR SITE WFB-A .
(Concentrations.Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration 1n Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
NR
1.12E+01
NR
1.15E+01
2.12E+01
2.05E+01
6.44E+01
9.39E-01
2.21E+01
.60E+01
.59E+01
.06E+01
2.
2.
2.
4.98E+00
1.01E+02
8.06E-01
3,
2.
2,
1,
4,
13E+01
95E+01
99E+01
68E+01
40E+00
1.13E+02
8.73E-01
2.15E+01
78E+01
25E+01
95E+01
96E+00
1.02E+02
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND(
NR
6.97E+01
10E+01
60E+00
07E+00
41E+00)
5.85E+00
1.10E+02
4.19E+01
1.50E+01
6.43E+00
6.50E-01
5.
1,
4.
5,
5.
86E+00
20E+02
26E+01
1.73E+01
64E+00
86E-01
5.86E+00
l.OOE+02
3.18E+01
1.33E+01
5.05E+00
4.12E-01
9.13E+01 1.80E+02 1.92E+02 1.56E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NR = not reported by Troika. 2378-TCDO and 2378-TCDF are minor components
of total respective amounts of TCDD's/TCDF's.
ng - 1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
5-21
-------
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
WFB-A
PCDD = 102 ng/dscm at 3% O
2378
TCOD Othw TCOD Panta-COD Hmca—COO H«pta-CDD Oeta-CDD
1771 RUN O1
IN HOMOLOGUES
RUN 02 Q£2J RUN 03
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
WFB-A
2378 TCOF Othw TCOF Pwita-COP Hma-COP H«pta-COP Oeta—COP
PT7I RUN O1
RUN O2
RUN O3
Figure 5-6.
Dioxin and furan homologue distributions of
the baghouse inlet emissions for Site WFB-A.
5-22
-------
2378-TCDD/TCDF isomers and the tetra through octa PCDD/PCDF homologues in the
baghouse inlet emissions. The distribution of dioxin species was fairly
consistent among the three test runs. The 2378-TCDD isomer accounted for
about 1 percent of the total dioxins analyzed for, which corresponded to
about 2 to 4 percent of the tetra homologue total from each test run. The
contributions of the tetra through octa chlorinated dioxin homologues to the
total PCDD emissions were: tetra, 22 to 32 percent; penta, 26 percent; hexa,
19 to 25 percent; hepta, 13 to 32 percent; and octa, 3 to 28 percent.
The distribution of furan species in baghouse inlet emissions was also
fairly consistent among the three test runs. The tetrachlorinated furan
homologue was the largest single contributor .to the total PCDF emissions.
The contributions of the tetra through octa chlorinated furan homologues to
the total PCDF emissions were: tetra, 68 to 79 percent; penta, 11 to
22 percent; hexa, 7 to 8 percent; hepta, 2 to 28 percent; and octa, 0 to
0.3 percent.
Uncontrolled emission factors based on the furnace feed rates (dry wood
basis) are shown in Table 5-11. Average uncontrolled emission factors for
2378 TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF were 0.004 ug of 2378-TCDD emitted per
kg of dry wood feed, 0.49 ug of total PCDD emitted per kg of dry wood feed,
and 0.75 ug of total PCDF emitted per kg of dry wood feed.
As shown in Table 5-11, uncontrolled emission factors for 2378-TCDD,
total PCDD, and total PCDF were fairly consistent between the three test
runs.
5.4.2 Baghouse Outlet
Emissions concentration and emissions rate data measured at the baghouse
outlet location are shown in Table 5-12 and 5-13 for the 2378 TCDD, total
PCDD, and total PCDF species. The data include dioxin and furan captured by
the entire MM5 train, including the filter, primary XAD sorbent trap, backup
XAD sorbent trap, impingers, and sample train cleanup rinses.
As shown in Table 5-12, average as-measured emission concentrations of
the 2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF species were 0.08 ng/dscm
2378-TCDD, 57.6 ng/dscm total PCDD, and 24.8 ng/dscm total PCDF. When
corrected to 3 percent 02 using the Radian CEM oxygen concentration data,
5-23
-------
TABLE 5-11.
DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS FOR BAGHOUSE
INLET LOCATION OF SITE WFB-A.
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NR » not repor
NR
6.04E-02
NR
6.21E-02
1.15E-01
1.11E-01
3.48E-01
NR
3.76E-01
5.94E-02
4.11E-02
1.66E-02
ND( 4.00E-02)
4.93E-01
-ted by Troika. 2378-TC
4.39E-03
1.03E-01
1.21E-01
1.21E-01
9.62E-02
2.33E-02
4.70E-01
2.74E-02
5.13E-01
1.96E-01
6.99E-02
3.01E-02
3.04E-03
8.40E-01
:DD and 2378-TCr
3.75E-03
1.46E-01
1.37E-01
1.39E-01
7.80E-02
2.04E-02
5.24E-01
2.72E-02
5.60E-01
1.98E-01
8.02E-02
2.62E-02
2.72E-03
8.94E-01
)F arp mi nnv* r
4.07E-03
1.03E-01
1.29E-01
1.07E-01
9.63E-02
5.15E-02
4.91E-01
2.73E-02
4.83E-01
1.51E-01
6.37E-02
2.43E-02
1.92E-03
7.52E-01
nmnrmant c
of total respective amounts of TCDD's/TCDF's.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ug - 1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year
NOTE: Emission factors are based on the dry wood feed rate.
5-24
-------
TABLE 5-12.
OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS
CONCENTRATION DATA FOR SITE WFB-A
(BA6HOUSE OUTLET LOCATION)
Run Number
ng/dscm (as-measured)
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
ng/dscm @ 3% 02a
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Emissions
2378 TCDD
0.06
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.21
0.27
0.35
0.28
Concentration.
Total PCDD
62.6
77.5
32.6
57.6
221.0
240.0
122.0
194.3
nq/dscm
Total PCDF
23.5
37.3
13.5
24.8
82.9
116.0
50.8
83.2
Ta|Jfe9ff4concentrat1on
corrected to 3% °
the Rad1an CEM
5-25
-------
TABLE 5-13. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSION RATES
, FOR SITE WFB-A (BAGHOUSE OUTLET LOCATION)
Run Number
2378 TCDD
Dioxin/Furan Emission Rate, uo/hr
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
4.5
6.4
6.6
5.8
4,670
5,610
2,300
4,190
1,750
2,700
954
1,800
5-26
-------
these values correspond to 0.28 ng/dscm 2378-TCDD at 3 percent 02, 194.3
ng/dscm total PCDD at 3 percent 02, and 83.2 ng/dscm total PCDF at 3 percent
V
In Table 5-13, dioxin and furan emission rates for Site WFB-A are shown.
Average emission rates for the three species were 5.8 ug/hr 2378-TCDD, 4,190
ug/hr total PCDD, and 1,800 ug/hr total PCDF. Emission rates of 2378-TCDD,
total PCDD and total PCDF were fairly consistent between the three test runs.
For 2378-TCDD emissions the maximum deviation of any individual run from the
overall average of three runs was approximately 23 percent. Total PCDD and
total PCDF emissions varied the most from the overall average during test Run
03. Total PCDD emissions were 45 percent lower than the average and total
PCDF emissions were 48 percent lower than the average during Run 03.
Tables 5-14 and 5-15 present isomer- and homologue-specific emission
concentration data for the three test runs. Table 5-14 presents the isomer
concentration data at as-measured oxygen conditions; Table 5-15 presents the
isomer concentration data corrected to 3 percent 02. Also, run-specific data
tables showing homologue emission concentrations in both ng/dscm and
parts-per-trillion units as well as homologue emission rates in ug/hr units
are included in Appendix J.
Detectable quantities of each isomer and homologue analyzed for were
found in the baghouse outlet emissions at Site WFB-A. Figure 5-7 is a
histogram showing the relative distributions (mole basis) of the 2378
TCDD/TCDF isomers and the tetra through octa PCDD/PCDF homologues in the
baghouse outlet emissions. The distribution of dioxin species was fairly
consistent among the three test runs. The 2378-TCDD isomer accounted for 0.1
to 0.3 percent of the total dioxins analyzed for, which corresponds to
roughly 0.4 to 1.2 percent of the tetra homologue total from three individual
test runs. The contributions of the tetra through octa chlorinated dioxin
homologues to the total PCDD emissions were: tetra, 25 to 31 percent; penta,
20 to 29 percent; hexa, 19 to 28 percent; hepta, 14 to 26 percent; and octa,
4 to 8 percent.
5-27
-------
TABLE 5-14.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FROM
BAGHOUSE OUTLET LOCATION OF SITE WFB-A.
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
6.01E-02
1.39E+01
1.77E+01
1.82E+01
9.91E+00
2.82E+00
6.26E+01
3.90E-01
9.88E+00
6.79E+00
4.26E+00
1.80E+00
3.60E-01
2.35E+01
8.80E-02
2.07E+01
1.90E+01
1.94E+01
1.46E+01
3.70E+00
7.75E+01
5.87E-01
1.68E+01
9.93E+00
6.66E+00
3.06E+00
2.49E-01
3.73E+01
9.38E-02
7.58E+00
6.08E+00
6.23E+00
9.44E+00
3.22E+00
3.26E+01
5.63E-01
6.70E+00
4.00E+00
1.09E+00
l.OOE+00
1.88E-01
1.35E+01
8.06E-02
1.41E+01
1.42E+01
1.46E+01
1.13E+01
3.25E+00
5.76E+01
5.13E-01
1.11E+01
6.90E+00
4.00E+00
1.96E+00
2.66E-01
2.48E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND » not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng = 1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
5-28
-------
TABLE 5-15.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FROM
BAGHOUSE OUTLET LOCATION OF SITE WFB-A.
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.12E-01
4.90E+01
6.24E+01
6.42E+01
3.50E+01
9.96E+00
2.21E+02
1.38E+00
3.49E+01
2.40E+01
1.51E+01
6.36E+00
1.27E+00
8.29E+01
2.73E-01
6.44E+01
5.89E+01
6.01E+01
4.54E+01
1.15E+01
2.40E+02
1.82E+00
5.22E+01
3.08E+01
2.07E+01
9.51E+00
7.74E-01
1.16E+02
3.52E-01
2.84E+01
2.28E+01
2.34E+01
3.54E+01
1.21E+01
1.22E+02
2.11E+00
2.51E+01
1.50E+01
4.10E+00
3.75E+00
7.03E-01
5.08E+01
2.79E-01
4.73E+01
4.80E+01
4.92E+01
3.86E+01
1.12E+01
1.95E+02
1.77E+00
3.74E+01
2.33E+01
1.33E+01
6.54E+00
9.16E-01
8.32E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng = 1.0E-09g '
8760 operating hours per year
5-29
-------
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
WFB-A
0.9-
0.8 -
O.7 -
0.6-
0.5-
0.4. -
0.3 -
0.2-
0.1 -
0 -
PCDD = 1 95 ng/dscm at 3% O2
tSft &
x^X y
V vy O *V
^11 ^
'/?/& v
h
i
i
fe
^v
n
i
2378 TCDD Oth«r TCDD Panto—COO Hexa—COD Hapta—COD Octa—COD
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUES
RUN O1 g553 RUN O2 ggSB RUN 03
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
WFB-A
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
O.6 -
0.5-
0.4-
0.3-
O2 _
•^b
0.1 -
0-
PCDF=83.2 ng/dscm at 3% O2
^
^
^
^
|
I
I
1
f$
I
I
§
I
<>
V
P^r^C?
XpX
^ ^x O
^ll lls P^a
2378 TCDF Oth«r TCDF Panto-CDF H«xo-CDF Hapta-CDF Oeta-CDF
SiSAN HOMOLOGUES
CT7! RUN O1 E^l RUN 02 PPq RUN OS
Figure 5-7. Dioxin and furan homologue distributions of the
baghouse outlet emissions for Site WFB-A.
5-30
-------
The distribution of furan species was also fairly consistent among the
three test runs. The tetrachlorinated furan homologue was the largest single
contributor to the total PCDF emissions. The contributions of the tetra
through octa chlorinated furan homologues to the total PCDF emissions were:
tetra, 48 to 58 percent; penta, 26 to 29 percent; hexa, 7 to 16 percent;
hepta, 6 to 7 percent; and octa, 0.5 to 1.2 percent.
Emission factors based on the furnace feed rates are shown in
Table 5-16. Average emission factors for 2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total
PCDF were 0.0099 ug of 2378-TCDD emitted per kg of feed, 0.71 ug of total
PCDD emitted per kg of feed, and 0.31 ug of total PCDF emitted per kg of
feed. Emission factors for 2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF were fairly
consistent between the three test runs.
5.4.3 Baghouse Removal Efficiency
The dioxin/furans which condense on particulate in the stack gas are
removed from the stack gas along with the particulate by the pollution
control device. The dioxin/furan removal efficiency of the control device is
calculated from the difference of the inlet and outlet concentration of each
dioxin/furan homologue divided by the inlet concentration of each homologue.
Each value may have an analytical uncertainty of ± 50 percent. An analysis
of the uncertainty of the control device efficiency (contained in Appendix 6)
indicates that with a measured efficiency of greater than 66.7 percent, the
removal efficiency is most likely positive. With measured efficiencies
between 66.7 percent and -200 percent, a definite conclusion cannot be drawn
concerning the true removal efficiency, and below -200 percent, the removal
efficiency is most likely negative.
The removal efficiency results in Table 5-17 suggest that the baghouse
exhibited negative control for PCDD's (i.e., increases in concentration
across the baghouse) and positive control for PCDF's. The average measured
total PCDD removal efficiency of the baghouse was -130 percent, and the
average measured total PDCF removal efficiency was +39 percent. The measured
control efficiency values for individual PCDD homologues were typically
within the range explainable by low positive removal efficiency and the
5-31
-------
TABLE 5-16.
DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS FOR BAGHOUSE
OUTLET LOCATION OF SITE WFB-A.
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
ug - 1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
7.60E-04
1.76E-01
2.24E-01
2.30E-01
1.25E-01
3.57E-02
7.92E-01
4.94E-03
1.25E-01
8.59E-02
5.40E-02
2.28E-02
4.56E-03
2.97E-01
1.08E-03
2.55E-01
2.33E-01
2.38E-01
1.80E-01
4.54E-02
9.52E-01
7.21E-03
2.07E-01
1.22E-01
8.18E-02
3.77E-02
3.06E-03
4.59E-01
1.12E-03
9.05E-02
7.26E-02
7.44E-02
1.13E-01
3.84E-02
3.90E-01
6.71E-03
8.00E-02
4.77E-02
1.31E-02
1.19E-02
2.24E-03
1.62E-01
9.87E-04
1.74E-01
1.77E-01
1.81E-.01
1.39E-01
3.98E-02
7.11E-01
6.29E-03
1.37E-01
8.52E-02
4.96E-02
2.41E-02
3. 29 E -03
3.06E-01
5-32
-------
TABLE 5-17. BAGHOUSE REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES AT SITE WFB-A
Run Number
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Percent
2378-TCDD
NR
70.9
56.3
63.6
Removal bv
Total PCDD
-243.2
-137.6
-8.0
-129.6
Baahouse
Total PCDF
9.2
35.6
73.5
39.4
NR = not reported by Troika. The 2378-TCDD isomer, if present, was
a minor component of the total amount of TCDD's.
5-33
-------
± 50 percent analytical uncertainty. However, the consistently negative
values indicate negative control as another likely explanation of the data.
The measured control efficiency values for PCDF's indicated a limited
positive degree of control. Inlet concentration to the baghouse were large
relative to the minimum detectable levels.
5.5 HC1 TRAIN CHLORIDES EMISSIONS DATA
Table 5-18 summarizes HC1 train chloride emissions data measured at the
baghouse outlet sampling location. The data are reported as "front-half,"
"back-half," and "train-total" chloride emissions. The front-half emissions
represent chlorides captured in the probe rinse/filter fraction of the HC1
train, which may include metal chlorides contained in the particulate matter.
The back-half emissions represent chlorides captured in the HC1 sample train
impingers, which would include HC1 and any metal chlorides that pass through
the sample train filter. The train total emissions represent the sum of the
front-half and back-half emissions.
As shown in Table 5-18, the average as-measured train-total chloride
emissions concentration was approximately 86 mg/dscm (0.037 gr/dscf).
Corrected to 3 percent 02 using the Radian CEM data, this corresponds to
approximately 195 mg/dscm at 3 percent 02 (0.085 gr/dscf). The average
train-total chloride mass emission rate from the baghouse outlet was about
5.8 kg/hr (12.8 Ib/hr). Chloride emissions were lower in the front-half of
the HC1 sample train, compared to the back-half of the HC1 sample train.
In addition to the HC1 train chloride emissions, samples of the wood
feed and baghouse dust were analyzed for total chlorides. Table 5-19
summarizes the results of these analyses. Results from analysis of wood feed
samples were fairly consistent between runs and averaged 140 ug Cl"/gram of
sample. By comparison, the baghouse outlet samples varied significantly
between runs. The values ranged from 24,000 to 130,000 ug Cl"/gram of sample
for the three runs. The average chloride content for the baghouse dust was
58,000 ug Cl"/gram sample.
5-34
-------
TABLE 5-18.
HCL TRAIN CHLORIDE EMISSIONS DATA FOR
SITE WFB-A (BAGHOUSE OUTLET LOCATION)
Sample
Component
Train Total
Front-Half
Back-Half
a
Test
Run
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Emissions Concentration
mg/dscm
77.59
95.42
83.96
85.66
18.98
12.68
20.26
17.31
58.61
82.74
63.70
68.35
ppmva
52.61
64.70
56.93
58.08
12.87
8.60
13.74
11.74
39.74
56.10
43.19
46.34
mg/dscm.
8 3% 02D
182.74
210.87
190.24
194.61
44.70
28.02
45.91
39.54
138.04
182.85
144.33
155.07
Emissions
Rate
(kg/hr)
5.34
7.05
4.92
5.77
1.31
0.94
1.19
1.15
4.03
6.11
3.73
4.62
?SncentfationP6r m1111°n Cnlor1de
volume, dry basis at actual stack
Concentration corrected to 3% 02 using the equation:
[Cl ] 8 3% 02 = [Cl~], as measured x (20.9 - 3) / (20.9 - % Q?)
where:
% 02 = oxygen concentration in stack gas as measured by the Radian CEM
system (see Table 5-4).
5-35
-------
TABLE 5-19. SUMMARY OF TOTAL CHLORIDE ANALYSIS FOR FEED
AND BAGHOUSE DUST SAMPLES FOR SITE WFB-A
Sample
Identification
Run 01
Total Chloride Concentration (ua/a)
IT Dimnoa n.._ n't A.,
Run 02
Run 03 Average
Wood Feed
Baghouse Dust
150 170; < 100 130 140
130,000 25,000; 24,000 53,000 58,000
Duplicate analysis of the same sample.
5-36
-------
5.6 WOOD FEED PRECURSOR DATA AND PROCESS SAMPLE DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSES
As discussed in Section 6.2.1, wood feed was collected as grab samples
and combined into four 500 gram composite samples for each test run. Radian
analyzed one of these samples for chlorinated benzene, chlorinated biphenyls,
and chlorinated phenols. Table 5-20 summarizes the results of the
compound-specific precursor analyses. As shown, none of the precursor
compounds analyzed for were found in the wood feed samples.
Samples of ash from the primary and secondary combustion chambers along
with baghou'se dust samples were analyzed for dioxin/furan content. The
analyses of the ash samples are summarized in Table 5-21. The dioxin/furan
content in these ash samples was minimal. The highest total PCDD content of
any individual bottom ash sample was approximately 0.3 parts per billion. In
most of these samples a small amount of the hepta- and/or octa-CDD homologues
were the only isomers detected. Table 5-22 summarizes the results of the
dioxin/furan analyses of the baghouse dust samples. As shown, these samples
contained significantly higher levels of PCDD/PCDF than the bottom ash
samples. The highest total PCDD content of any individual baghouse dust
sample was approximately 1200 parts per billion, and the highest total PCDF
content was approximately 330 parts per billion. The consistency between
runs was very good for the dioxin species. All of the homologues were
present in the samples and contributed to the total PCDD emissions as
follows: tetra, 16 to 20 percent; penta, 20 to 24 percent; hexa, 24 to
31 percent; hepta, 22 to 34 percent; and octa, 4 to 6 percent. The furan
species were also very consistent between runs. The contributions of the
tetra through octa chlorinated furan homologues to the total PCDF were:
tetra, 47 to 52 percent; penta, 22 to 26 percent; hexa, 14 to 19 percent;
hepta, 8 to 12 percent; and octa, 0.7 to 0.9 percent.
5-37
-------
TABLE 5-20. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN PRECURSOR DATA
FOR SITE WFB-A FEED SAMPLES
Precursor Categories
Total
Total
Total
Chlorinated
Chlorinated
Chlorinated
Benzenes
Biphenyls
Phenols
Precursor Concentration, ua/a
Wood Feed Samples
Run 01
0
0
0
Run 02*
0,0
0,0
0,0
Run 03
0
0
0
(DDHI)
Averaae
0
0
0
Duplicate analysis of the same sample.
5-38
-------
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5-39
-------
TABLE 5-22.
DIOXIN/FURAN CONTENTS OF BAGHOUSE
DUST SAMPLES FROM SITE WFB-A
Isomer/
Homologue
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
Dioxin/Furan Homoloaue Content, Darts oer billion
Run 01
1.0
193.5
236.3
282.9
410.3
71.7
1195.7
5.7
164.2
71.4
44.3
37.5
3.0
326.1
Baahouse
Run 02
0.8
223.8
273.0
347.9
252.0
43.7
1141.2
4.5
162.2
74.1
59.0
27.7
2.3
329.8
Dust
Run 03
1.2
210.1
251.4
321.7
258.0
51.0
1093.4
6.5
128.8
76.6
53.0
23.7
2.3
290.9
Average
1.0
209.1
253.6
317.5
306.8
55.5
1143.5
5.6
151.7
74.0
52.1
29.6
2.5
315.5
5-40
-------
6.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES
Samples were collected from six different locations at Site 07. Two of
the locations were for gaseous sampling, and four were for solids sampling.
The source sampling and analysis matrix in Table 4-1 lists the sample
locations, measured parameters, sampling methods, and analytical methods
used.
Details on the sampling location and methods are discussed in Sections 6.1
through 6.3. Continuous monitoring procedures for CO, C02, 02, NO , and THC
are included in Section 6.1.
6.1 GASEOUS SAMPLING
Four types of gaseous samples were taken during this test program:
Modified Method 5 (MM5), HC1, EPA Method 3, and continuous emission monitoring
(CEM). The sampling locations and methods are further discussed in this
section.
6.1.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations
6.1.1.1 Baghouse Outlet. The baghouse outlet sampling location was
shown as point A in Figure 4-1. This location was used for dioxin/furan
sampling and HC1 sampling according to MM5 procedures described in
Section 6.1.2. Also, EPA Methods 2, 3, and 4 were performed to determine the
volumetric flowrate, molecular weight of the exhaust gas, and moisture
content of the exhaust gas, respectively.
The baghouse outlet sampling location is diagrammed in Figure 6-1. The
internal size of the outlet duct is 59 inches by 72 inches. The six 4-inch
ports are positioned in between the baghouse and the induced draft fan. The
ports have a 6-inch flange and a 7-inch nipple.
The sample ports are 11 ft (2 equivalent diameters) downstream of a
90° bend and 16 ft (2.9 equivalent diameters) upstream of the entrance to the
6-1
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induced draft fan. According to Method 1, a total of 24 traverse points are
required. A 6 x 4 matrix, as illustrated in Figure 6-2, was used.
6.1.1.2 Baghouse Inlet (Boiler Outlet). The baghouse inlet sampling
location was shown as point B in Figure 4-1. This location was used for
dioxin/furan sampling according to MM5 procedures described in Section 4.2.2.
EPA Methods 2,3, and 4 were performed to determine the volumetric flowrate,
molecular weight, and moisture content of the exhaust gas, respectively.
The baghouse inlet sampling locations are shown in Figure 6-1. The
internal size of the duct was 60 inches by 72 inches. The ports are located
on the inlet duct to the baghouse and are 2.2 equivalent diameters downstream
of the gas entry from the multiclones, and 2.2 equivalent diameters upstream
of the entrance to the baghouse. The ports have a six-inch flange and a
6i-inch nipple. The traverse points were a 6 x 8 grid for a total of
48 points, with identifications as shown in Figure 6-3.
A separate 3-inch port about 3 feet upstream of the MM5 sample location
was used for CEM sampling.
6.1.2 Gas Sampling Procedures
Gas sampling procedures used during this program are discussed in detail
in the Tier 4 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).5 A summary of the gas
sampling methods used at Site WFB-A is given in Table 6-1 and a brief
description of each method is provided in the following sections.
6.1.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5). Gas sampling for dioxins was conducted
according to the October 1984 draft of the ASME chlorinated organic compound
sampling protocol. This sampling method is a modified version of EPA Method 5
that includes a solid sorbent module for trapping vapor phase organics. The
only differences in the sampling protocol which were not discussed in the
Tier 4 QAPP are:
(1) Benzene was substituted for hexane or toluene as both the clean-up and
extracted solvent for both the MM5 filters and XAD-2 resin. This was
caused by a discrepancy between the draft ASME sampling protocol and the
draft ASME analytical protocol (November 16, 1985).
(2) Methylene chloride was substituted for hexane as the final field rinse
solvent for the MM5 train. Methylene chloride was also substituted for
6-3
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6-5
-------
TABLE 6-1. SUMMARY OF GAS SAMPLING METHODS FOR SITE WFB-A
Sample Location
Sample Type
or Parameter
Sample
Collection Method
Baghouse Outlet
(Point A on
Figure 4-1)
Dioxin/Furan
Volumetric flow
Molecular weight
Moisture
HC1
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
HC1 train
Baghouse Inlet
(Point B on
Figure 4-1)
Dioxin/Furan
Volumetric flow
Molecular weight
Moisture
CO, C02, 02, NOX
and THC
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
Continuous monitors
6-6
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hexane in the glassware cleaning procedure. This change was instituted
to improve train clean-up efficiency.
The MM5 sampling train was used to collect samples at the baghouse
outlet exhaust stack and baghouse inlet. A total of three MM5 test runs per
location were conducted, with one test run being conducted per test day. The
intent of the sampling at the baghouse inlet and outlet was to conduct
isokinetic sampling at a rate of 0.5 scfm over a 4-hour sampling period to
provide a minimum sample volume of 120 dscf. The isokinetic calculations are
contained in Appendices A-2 to A-4. The sample volumes collected at the
inlet and outlet were 120 dscf except for Runs 01 and 02 at the outlet which
were slightly less at 117 dscf and 113 dscf, respectively. The field data
sheets used in calculating the isokinetic values are contained in Appendices
A-5 to A-7.
Following sample recovery, the various parts of the sample (filter,
solvent rinses, sorbent trap, etc.) were sent to the EPA's Troika laborato-
ries to quantify 2378-TCDD, the tetra- through octa-PCDD homologues, and the
tetra- through octa-PCDF homologues present in the samples.
A schematic diagram of the MM5 sampling train is shown in Figure 6-4.
Flue gas is pulled from the stack through a nozzle and a glass probe.
Particulate matter is removed from the gas stream by means of a glass fiber
filter housed in a teflon-sealed glass filter holder maintained at
248 ± 25°F. The gas passes through a sorbent trap similar to that
illustrated in Figure 6-5 for removal of organic constituents. The trap
consists of separate sections for: (1) cooling the gas stream, and
(2) adsorbing the organic compounds on Amberlite XAD-2R resin (XAD). A
chilled impinger train following the sorbent trap is used to remove water
from the flue gas, and a dry gas meter is used to measure the sample gas
flow.
6.1.2.2 HC1 Determination. The HC1 concentrations in the outlet
exhaust stack were determined using another modification of EPA Method 5.
The sample train components and operation were identical to those of Method 5
with the following exceptions:
(1) Water in the first impingers was replaced with 0.1N KOH.
(2) Sampling was single point isokinetic with the nozzle placed at
points in the stack with approximate average velocity.
6-7
-------
0)
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6-8
-------
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(3) The moisture/KOH in the impingers was saved for laboratory analysis
by ion chromatography. The impinger catch was analyzed by Radian's
Research Triangle Park, N. C., laboratory.
Recovery of the HC1 train provides a sample consisting of three components:
probe rinse, filter, and back-half rinse/impinger catch.
6.1.2.3 Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination. The volumetric gas
flowrate was determined using EPA Method 2. Based on this method, the
volumetric gas flow is determined by measuring the average velocity of the
flue gas and the cross-sectional area of the duct. The average flue gas
velocity is calculated from the average gas velocity pressure (AP) across an
S-type pitot tube, the average flue gas temperature, the wet molecular
weight, and the absolute static pressure.
6.1.2.4 Flue Gas Moisture Determination. The moisture content of the
flue gas was determined using EPA Method 4. Based on this method, a known
volume of particulate-free gas is pulled through a chilled impinger train.
The quantity of condensed water is determined gravimetrically and then
related to the volume of gas sample to determine the moisture content.
6.1.2.5 Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination. The integrated
sampling technique described in EPA Method 3 was used to obtain a composite
flue gas sample for fixed gas (Opj CCL, N«) analysis. The fixed gas analysis
was used to determine the molecular weight of the gas stream. A small
diaphragm pump and a stainless steel probe were used to extract single point
flue gas samples. The samples were collected at the MM5 sampling ports using
D
Tedlar bags. Moisture was removed from the gas sample by a water-cooled
condenser so that the fixed gas analysis is on a dry basis.
6.2 SOLID SAMPLES
Solid samples of the wood fuel, baghouse dust, boiler bottom ash and
soil were collected during each test.
6.2.1 Wood Feed Sampling
The wood feed was collected as grab samples and combined into four
identical 500 g composite samples for each test run. One was archived for
6-10
-------
potential dioxin/furan analysis and the second and third were analyzed by
Radian for dioxin precursors and total chlorides. The fourth sample was
analyzed for heat content and moisture content.
6.2.2 Baghouse Dust Sampling
The baghouse dust was collected as grab samples and combined into two
identical 500 g composite samples for each test run. One was analyzed by
Troika for dioxin/furan and the second was analyzed by Radian for total
chlorides. An additional 5 Ib composite sample, a third of which was
collected each test day, was sent to ERL-Duluth for bioassay testing.
.6.2.3 Bottom Ash Sampling
Samples of bottom ash were collected from the primary and secondary
combustion chamber ash pits. The primary chamber had three ash pits, one for
each cell. A grab sample was collected daily from each primary ash pit and
composited for each test run. To sample the primary ash pits, the underfire
air for the chamber was turned off before opening the access door. A sample
was also collected daily from the secondary combustion chamber ash pit for
each test run. An additional 5 Ib composite sample of all the bottom ashes,
a third of which was collected each test day, was sent to ERL-Duluth for
bioassay testing.
6.2.4 Soil Sampling
The final solid sample collected was a single composite soil sample
comprised of 10 individual soil samples. Soil sampling protocol for Tiers 3,
5, 6, and 7 of the National Dioxin Study are specified in the document,
"Sampling Guidance Manual for the National Dioxin Study". A similar protocol
was used for soil sampling at Site WFB-A. A total of 10 soil sampling
locations were selected according to the directed site selection approach
described in the above document. The 10 individual soil sampling locations
are shown, in Figure 6-6. Soil samples were collected by forcing a bulb
planter into the soil to a depth of 3 inches. The soil samples were composited
in a clean stainless steel bucket. A portion of the composite were placed in
a 1 liter glass bottle and archived at Radian for potential dioxin/furan
analysis by Troika.
6-11
-------
Figure 6-6. Site Plot Plan and Soil Sampling Locations, Site 07.
6-12
-------
7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Laboratory procedures used to quantify dioxins/furans and dioxin/furan
precursors in the Tier 4 samples are described in this section. Samples
analyzed by the EPA's Troika laboratories for dioxin/furan content included
MM5 train samples and baghouse dust samples. Procedures used for the dioxin/
furan analyses are described in detail in the Analytical Procedures and QA
Plan for the Analysis of Tetra through Octa CDD's and CDF's in Samples from
Tier 4 Combustion and Incineration Processes (addendum to EPA/600/3-85-019,
April 1985). These procedures are summarized in Section 7.1. Wood feed
samples were analyzed by Radian to determine concentrations of chlorinated
phenols (CP), chlorobenzenes (CB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), total
chlorides, and total organic halogen (TOX). Procedures used for these
analyses are detailed in Section 7.2
7.1 DIOXINS/FURANS
The analytical procedures described in this section were used by ECL-BSL
and EMSL-RTP for dioxin/furan analysis of MM5 train samples and baghouse dust
samples from Site WFB-A. Samples consisting of organic solvents, aqueous
solutions, and solids were prepared for analysis using slightly different
procedures. The organic solvent samples consisted of rinses from the MM5
probe, nozzle, filter housing, and condenser coil. Aqueous samples consisted
of impinger catch solutions; solid samples included filters, XAD resin, and
baghouse dust. Isotopically-labeled surrogate compounds were added to all
samples prior to extraction to allow determination of method efficiency.
Organic liquid samples (e.g., acetone and methylene chloride-based MM5
train rinses) were concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown apparatus. The
residue, which contained particulate matter from the MM5 train probe and
nozzle, was combined with the filter and .handled as a solid sample. Solid
7-1
-------
samples were extracted with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for a period of at
least 16 hours. The extract was concentrated by nitrogen blowdown and
subjected to chromatographic cleanup procedures.
Aqueous solutions such as the MM5 train impinger samples were extracted
with hexane by vigorous shaking for a 3-hour period. This extraction
procedure was repeated three times, with the organic fractions ultimately
being combined and concentrated for chromatographic cleanup.
The cleanup procedure involved using liquid chromatographic columns to
separate the compounds of interest from other compounds present in the
samples. Four different types of columns were used: a combination acid and
base modified silica gel column, a basic alumina column, a PX-21 carbon/celite
545 column, and a silica/diol micro column. These were used in successive
steps, with the last two being used only if necessary.
The cleaned samples were analyzed using high resolution gas
chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conditions for
analysis were as follows:
Gas Chromatograph - Injector configured for capillary column, splitless
injection, injector temperature 280°C, helium carrier gas at 1.2 ml/min
initial column temperature 100°C, final column temperature 240°C, interface
temperature 270°C.
Mass Spectrometer - Varian/MAT Model 311A, electron energy 70ev, filament
emission IMA, mass resolution 8,000 to 10,000, ion source temperature 270°C.
7.2 DIOXIN/FURAN PRECURSORS
Feed samples for Site WFB-A were analyzed by Radian/RTP for CP, CB,
PCB's by GC/MS, and TOX by GC/Hall detector. Analytical procedures are
discussed in the following sections.
7.2.1 GC/MS Analyses
The analytical procedures used for determining CP, CB, and PCB
concentrations in feed samples are modified versions of procedures typically
used for the analysis of MM5 train components. These procedures involve
initial extraction of the sample with an appropriate solvent, preliminary
7-2
-------
separation of the compounds of interest by solvent partitioning and liquid
chromatography, and analysis of the processed fractions. Solutions containing
CB and PCB are injected directly into the GC/MS, and solutions containing CP
are derivatized prior to injection. Details on the procedures used for
Site WFB-A samples are provided in the sections below.
7,2.1,1 Sample Preparation. A flow chart for the sample preparation
procedure used for Site WFB-A feed samples is shown in Figure 7-1. The first
step in the procedure involved adding labeled surrogate compounds to provide
a measure of extraction method efficiency. The next step involved adding a
mixture of 0.5 N NaOH and MeCl2 to the sample and sonicating the sample for
30 minutes. The NaOH and MeClg mixture converts the acid compounds to their
salts and collects base/neutrals in the organic solvent. The sonicated
sample was filtered and rinsed with 0.5 N NaOH. The filtrate was extracted
three times in a separatory funnel with MeCl2 and the aqueous and organic
fractions were saved for derivatization and/or further cleanup. The aqueous
fraction (or acids portion) was acidified to pH2 with HC1 and then extracted
three times with MeCl2. The MeCl2 from this extraction was dried with
anhydrous Na2S04, exchanged to benzene, and concentrated using a nitrogen
blowdown apparatus. Acetylation of any CP present in the sample involved the
following steps:
1. 2.0 ml isooctane, 2.0 ml acetonitrile, 50 uL pyridine, and 20 uL
acetic anhydride were added to the extract. The test tube
containing the extract was placed in a 60°C water bath for
15 minutes and was shaken 30 seconds every 2 minutes.
2. 6 ml of 0.01 N H-PO. were added to the test tube, and the sample
was agitated for 2 rninutes on a wrist action shaker.
3. The organic layer was removed and the quantisation standard was
added. The sample was concentrated in a Reacti-Vial at room
temperature (using prepurified N2) to 1 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
Cleanup of the organic (or base/neutrals) layers from the first MeCl2
extraction involved successively washing the extract with concentrated H2SO.
and double-distilled water. The acid or water was added in a 30 ml portion
and the sample was shaken for 2 minutes. After the aqueous (or acid) and
7-3
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iiampla
1.0mL Baao/Neutral Surrogates
I.OmL Acid Surrogatee
Sonicate with 250ml.
0.5 a MaOH and ISmL MoCI2
Filter thru Buchner and
Rlnao with 0.5 H NaOH
Extract Qx with MeCI2
In Saparatory Funnel
Aqueous
Organic
Adjuat to pH2 with HCl;
Extraet 3x with MaCI2
Flltar with Na2SO4
I
Add 10mL Bentene
Concentrate to ImL
To 1mL Benzene add:
2.0mL lao oetana
S.OmL Acatonltrlla
SOmL Pyrldlno
20mL Aeatle Anlydrld*
Put In OO C H£ bath
for 15 minutes. Shaking
30 aaconda avary 2 mlnutaa.
Otccard Aqueouo
Discard All
AeM/H2O Layara
Add 30mL Cone.
Shaka 4 mm; Attarnata
with 30mL dlatlllad H2O;
Rap«at until acid la elaar.
FUtar with
Add 10mL Haxanaa;
Coneantrota to 1mL
IHa-wat Cokmn
Chromatography column wttn:
1.0g Silica
2.0g 33% NaOH SIHea
a.Og Silica
Buta with MfliL Haxanaa;
Concantrata to ImL
Add 6mL of 0.01 N
•PO.; Shake 2 mlnuts
Mini-column with
l.Og Alumina
But* with 2OmL SO/SO
MaCI2/H«xanaa
Add Quantltatkm Standardly
Concantrato to ImL
QC/MS Analyala
Figure 7-1. Sample Preparation Flow Diagram for
Site WFB-A.Precursor Analyses.
7-4
-------
organic layers were completely separated, the aqueous (or acid) layer was
discarded. The acid washing procedure was repeated until the acid layer was
colorless. The organic fraction from the final wash was dried with anhydrous
Na2S04, exchanged to hexane and concentrated. Final cleanup of the sample by
column chromatography involved the following procedure.
A glass macro-column, 20 mm o.d. x 230 mm in length, tapered to 6 mm o.d.
on one end was prepared. The column was packed with a plug of silanized
glass wool, followed successively by 1.0 g silica, 2.0 g silica containing
33 percent (w/w) 1 N NaOH, and 2.0 g silica. The concentrated extract was
quantitatively transferred to the column and eluted with 90 ml hexane. The
entire eluate was collected and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml in a
centrifuge tube.
A disposable liquid chromatography rain-column was constructed by cutting
off a 5-mL Pyrex disposable pipette at the 2.0 ml mark and packing the lower
portion of the tube with a small plug of silanized glass wool, followed by
1 g of Woehlm basic alumina. The alumina had been previously activated for
at least 16 hours at 600°C in a muffle furnace and cooled in a desiccator for
30 minutes just before use. The concentrated eluate from above was quanti-
tatively transferred onto the liquid chromatography column. The centrifuge
tube was rinsed consecutively with two 0.3 ml portions of a 3 percent
MeCl2:hexane solution, and the rinses were transferred to the liquid
chromatography column.
The liquid chromatography column was eluted with 20 ml of a 50 percent
(v/v) MeCl2:hexane solution, and the eluate was concentrated to a volume of
approximately 1 ml by heating the tubes in a water bath while passing a
stream of prepurified N2 over the solutions. The quantisation standard was
added and the final volume was adjusted to 1.0 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
7.2.1.2 Analyses. Analyses for CP, CB, and PCB's present in the feed
sample extracts were performed with a Finnigan Model 5100 mass spectrometer
using selected ion monitoring. A fused silica capillary column was used for
chromatographic separation of the compounds of interest. Analytical conditions
for the GC/MS analysis are shown in Table 7-1.
7-5
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TABLE 7-1. INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS FOR GC/MS PRECURSOR ANALYSES
Parameter
Chlorobenzenes/
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Chlorophenols
Column
Injector Temperature
Column Head Pressure
He flow rate
GC program
Emission Current
Electron Energy
Injection Mode
Mode
30 m WB DB-5 (1.0 u film
thickness) fused silica
capillary
290°C
Separator Oven Temperature 290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(4)-290°C,
10%in & hold
0.50 ma
70 ev
290°C
290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(1)-290°C,
12%in & hold
0.50 ma
70 ev
Splitless 0.6 min, then 10:1 split
Electron ionization, Selected Ion
Monitoring
7-6
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Tuning of the GC/MS was performed daily as specified in the Tier 4
Quality Assurance Project Plan. An internal-standard calibration procedure
was used for sample quantisation. Compounds of interest were calibrated
against a fixed concentration of either d12-chrysene (for CO) or
dg-naphthalene (for CB, PCB). Components of the calibration solution are
shown in Table 7-2. For multi-point calibrations, this solution was injected
at levels of 10, 50, 100, and 150 ng/mL.
The instrument detection limit for the analytes of interest (i.e., CP,
CB, and PCB) was estimated to be approximately 500 pg on column. For a 50 g
sample and 100 percent recovery of the analyte, this corresponds to a feed
sample detection limit of 10 ppb.
7.3 TOX ANALYSIS
Wood feed samples were analyzed for total organic halide (TOX) by
short-column GC and a Hall detector (GC/Hall). Solid samples were extracted
with benzene for at least 16 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were
washed three times with 100 mL portions of reagent-grade water concentrated
to 10 ml.
An attempt to use a fused silica capillary column to separate surrogates
from target compounds was unsuccessful due to the complexity of the sample
constituents. Determinations for TOX were therefore performed on samples
without surrogates and no measure of extraction efficiency is available.
Instrument conditions are shown in Table 7-3. Sample quantisation was
based on an average response factor developed from a mixture of chlorinated
benzenes and brominated biphenyls. Individual CP, CB, and PCB's were also
injected at various concentrations to develop a calibration curve for
comparison to the mixture response factors.
7.4 TOTAL CHLORINE ANALYSIS
Total chlorine concentrations in feed samples were determined by Parr
Bomb combustion followed by ion chromatography (1C). An 0.5 g sample was
placed in the Parr Bomb with 10 mL of a 50 g/L Na2C03 solution. After
combustion of the samples according to standard procedures (ASTM 2015), the
contents of the bomb were rinsed into a 100 mL flask and diluted to 100 mL.
7-7
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TABLE 7-2. COMPONENTS OF THE CALIBRATION SOLUTION
Base/Neutrals
4-chlorobiphenyl
3,3'-di chlorobi phenyl
2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl
3,3'4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2,4,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3>3',4,4',5,6,6'-nonachlorobiphenyl
decachlorobi phenyl
p-dichlorobenzene
1,2,4-tri chlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
d4-l,4-dichlorobenzene (SS)1
3-bromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',5,5'-tetrabromobi phenyl (SS)
2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexabromobiphenyl (SS)
octachloronaphthalene (QS)2
d10-phenanthrene (QS)
d12-chrysene (QS)
Acids
2,5-dichlorophenol
2,3-dichlorophenol
2,6-dichlorophenol
3,5-dichlorophenol
3,4-dichlorophenol
2,3,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,6-trichlorophenol
3,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,4-trichlorophenol
2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol
pentachlorophenol
dg-phenol (SS)
d.-2-chlorophenol (SS)
Cg-pentachlorophenol (SS)
dg-naphthalene (QS)
2,4,6-tribromophenol (QS)
d10-phenanthrene (QS)
d12chrysene (QS)
Surrogate standard.
•Quantitation standard.
7-8
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TABLE 7-3. ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS FOR TOX ANALYSIS
Hall Detector Conditions
Reactor temperature - 850°C
Solvent - n-propanol
Hydrogen flow rate - 35 mL/min
GC Conditions (Varian 3700)
Injection volume (1-5 uL)
Helium carrier gas flow rate - 60 mL/min
Column - 3-ft packed column with 1 in 10% 0V 101
Column temperature - 200°C isothermal
7-9
-------
The resulting solution was analyzed for chloride concentration (Cl~) by 1C
using standard anion conditions. For samples difficult to combust (such as
sludges), 25 drops of paraffin oils were added to the bomb prior to combustion.
7-10
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8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)
This section summarizes the results of the quality assurance and quality
.control (QA/QC) activities for Site 07. The flue gas and ash dioxin/furan
data for this site were generally within the QC specifications presented in
the Tier 4 QAPP. All of the surrogate recoveries for labeled TCDD's were
within the specified limits of 50 to 120 percent. Run 01 (baghouse inlet
sample) was the only run having surrogate recoveries outside the QC limits of
40 to 120 percent for hepta- and octa-CDD's. Comparison of the measured and
spiked values for the fortified laboratory QC samples were all within 25
percent of the true value for all target species except the hexa-CDF and
hepta-CDF homologues. The measured values of these species were 38 percent
higher and 31 percent lower, respectively, than the spiked value. However,
these data still indicate that the dioxin/furan results are within accuracy
criteria of ±50 percent specified for Tier 4.
The dioxin/furan precursor analysis of the feed samples was not as
accurate as the dioxin/furan homologue analysis. Surrogate recoveries varied
considerably for specific surrogate species, but were fairly uniform between
runs for the same species. In spite of some of the low surrogate recoveries
for some of the feed samples, the resulting analytical sensitivity for the
target analytes was considered acceptable for the purpose of the study.
The following sections summarize the results of all Site 07 QA/QC
activities. Manual gas sampling methods are considered in Section 8.1 and
continuous emission monitoring and molecular weight determinations are
considered in Section 8.2. Validation of the 02 and C02 data is discussed in
Section 8.3 and the laboratory analysis QA/QC activities are summarized in
Section 8.4.
8-1
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8.1 MANUAL GAS SAMPLING
Manual gas sampling methods at Site 07 included Modified Method 5 (MM5),
HC1, and EPA Methods 1 through 4. These methods are discussed in Section 6.0.
The QA/QC activities for the manual sampling methods centered around (1) equip-
ment calibration, (2) glassware pre-cleaning, (3) procedural QC checks, and
(4) sample custody procedures. An internal systems audit was performed using
the preformatted quality control checklists contained in the Tier 4 QA/QC
Plan. There were no deviations from the procedural specifications required
by the test methods during the audit. The completed checklists are contained
in Appendix C. Key activities and QC results in each of these areas are
discussed in this section. Also discussed are problems encountered that may
have affected data quality.
8.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware Preparation
Pre-test calibrations or inspections were conducted on pitot tubes,
sampling nozzles, temperature sensors and analytical balances. The meter
calibration data are contained in Appendix A-13. Both pre-test and post-test
calibrations were performed on the dry gas meters. All of the field test
equipment met the calibration criteria specified in the Tier 4 Quality
Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Differences in the pre-test and post-test dry
gas meter calibrations were less than 2 percent.
An extensive pre-cleaning procedure was used for all sample train
glassware and sample containers. This cleaning procedure, which is outlined
in Table 8-1, was implemented to minimize the potential for sample
contamination with substances that could interfere with the dioxin/furan
analysis. To minimize the potential for contamination in the field, all
sample train glassware was capped with foil prior to use and stored in a dust
controlled environment. Sample train assembly and recovery was performed on
site in the laboratory trailer.
Procedural QC activities during the manual gas sampling focused on:
- visual equipment inspections,
- utilization of sample train blanks,
8-2
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TABLE 8-1. GLASSWARE PRECLEANING PROCEDURE
NOTE: USE DISPOSABLE GLOVES AND ADEQUATE VENTILATION
1. Soak all glassware in hot soapy water (AlconoxR) 50°C or higher.
2. Distilled/deionized H20 rinse (X3).a
4.
5.
R
3. Chromerge rinse if glass, otherwise skip to 6.
High purity liquid chromatography grade HgO rinse (X3).
Acetone rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
6. Methylene chloride rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
7. Cap glassware with clean glass plugs or methylene chloride rinsed
aluminum foils.
a(X3) = three times.
8-3
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- ensuring the proper location and number of traverse points,
- conducting pre-test and post-test sample train leak checks,
- maintaining proper temperature at the filter housing, sorbent trap
and impinger train,
- maintaining isokinetic sampling rates, and
- recording all data on preformatted field data sheets.
There were no major problems encountered during the testing. The minor
problems were corrected and will not affect the outcome of the test runs.
The problems encountered and the resolutions are:
Test No.
07-HCL-BO-3
07-MM5-BO-3
Problem
The filter box heater stopped.
A "U" tube broke during a port
change.
The probe liner heater shorted
out.
Resolution
Replaced the filter box.
Replaced the "U" tube.
Replaced the probe liner.
Results of the isokinetic calculations for the MM5 and HC1 test runs are
shown in Table 8-2. The average isokinetic sampling rate for all sampling
runs except HC1-2 was within the QA objective of 100 ± 10 percent. The HC1-2
at 111.5 percent of isokinetic is close enough to the desired value not to
cause any significant deviation in the sampling results.
A blank sample train was used at the MM5 sample locations to determine
the background levels of contaminants that might interfere with dioxin and
furan analysis. The blank sample trains were treated as normal sample
trains. The trains were transported to and assembled at the sample
locations. Recovery was performed in the same sequence as -a normal test run.
All solvents used in the recovery of blanks came from the same container as
was used for normal test runs.
Initial, final and port change leak checks for the MM5 and HC1 sample
trains were acceptable for all of the test runs. None of the reported sample
volumes required correction for sample train leakage. All leak check data
are noted on the MM5 and HC1 field data sheets.
8-4
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TABLE 8-2. SUMMARY OF ISOKINETIC RESULTS FOR MM5
MM5 Meets HC1 Meets QC MM5 Meets QC
Run Outlet Objective* Outlet Objective Inlet Objective
01
99.7
Yes
106.4
Yes
104.8
Yes
02 105.1
Yes
111.5
No
107.2
Yes
03 101.7
Yes
104.6
Yes
106.3
Yes
The quality assurance objective for MM5 and HC1 sampling was
isokinetics of 100+10 percent.
8-5
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Sample custody procedures used during this program emphasized careful
documentation of the samples collected and the use of chain-of-custody
records for samples transported to the laboratory for analysis. Steps taken
to identify and document samples collected included labeling each sample with
a unique alphanumeric code shown in Figure 8-1 and logging the sample in a
master logbook. All samples shipped to Troika or returned to Radian/RTP were
also logged on chain-of-custody records that were signed by the field sample
custodian upon shipment and also signed upon receipt at the laboratory. The
samples were shipped to Troika from the field. A sample shipment letter was
sent with the samples detailing their analysis priority which is contained in
Appendix H. Each sample container lid was individually sealed to ensure that
samples were not tampered with. No evidence of loss of sample integrity was
reported for samples collected at this site.
8.2 CONTINUOUS MONITORING/MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
Flue gas parameters measured continuously at the inlet location during
the MM5 test runs include CO, C02, 02, total hydrocarbons (THC) and NO . The
concentration of 02, C02, and nitrogen (N2) were also determined for integrated
bag samples of the flue gas. Quality control results for these analyses are
discussed in this section.
Drift check results for the continuously monitored flue gas parameters
are summarized in Table 8-3. Data reduction was performed by assuming a
linear drift of the instrument response over the test day based on drift
checks at the beginning and end of the day. The largest calibration drifts
were observed for the THC analyzer, which exceeded QC target goals for 1 test
run. The smallest instrument drift was observed in the oxygen monitor.
The quality control standards for this program consisted of mid-range
concentration standards that were intended for QC purposes and not for
instrument calibration. The QC gases were analyzed immediately after calibra-
tion each day to provide data on day-to-day, instrument variability. The
8-6
-------
07 -
MM5 - BI-
01 -
Plant
designation
(Plant 07)
Train Component
F - Filter
PR - Probe Rinse
CR - Back-half/Coil Rinse
CD - Condensate
IR - Impinger Rinse
SM - XAD Module
Sequential run or sample number for
this plant (multiple samples collected
at same time given A, B, C, etc. designation)
TEST LOCATION
BI = Baghouse Inlet
BO = Baghouse Outlet
Sample Type
MM5 - Modified Method 5
HC1 - HC1 train
Qy - Oxygen
C0~ - Carbon dioxide
CO - Carbon monoxide
NO - Nitrogen oxides
THC - Total hydrocarbon
IB - Integrated bag (Method 3)
S - Soils
FO - Fuel oil
WF - Wood fuel
BO - Baghouse dust
BBA - Boiler bottom ash
Figure 8-1. Alpha-numeric sampling code for Site WFB-A.
8-7
-------
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-------
acceptance criteria for the analysis of each QC standard was agreement within
±10 percent of the running mean value.
8.3 VALIDATION OF 02 and C02 DATA
The oxygen and carbon monoxide data collected during the test are
validated using the method described in Reference 6. In this method, the
maximum percent of C02 possible in the flue gas is calculated assuming that
all of the carbon is converted to C02 and based on the ultimate analysis of
the fuel (carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen content).
As shown in Figure 8-2, the test data is plotted on a graph of oxygen in
flue gas versus carbon monoxide in flue gas. Both the CEM data and the fixed
gas analysis data from EPA Method 3 are plotted in the figure. Then a line
is drawn between the oxygen concentration in air (20.9 percent) and the
maximum percent of C02 possible (20.09 percent in this case) with a 5 percent
tolerance range.
As the figure indicates, the CEM data falls within the 5 percent tolerance
and is considered valid. The EPA Method 3 data varies up to 40 percent from
the expected values. However, the fixed gas analysis is only used to calculate
molecular weights of flue gas for isokinetic sampling calculations. In these
calculations, a variation of 40 percent in 02 and (XL values has a small
effect on the calculation of in molecular weight and has an insignificant
effect on the final isokinetic results.
8.4 LABORATORY ANALYSES
The QA/QC activities were carried out for dioxin/furan, precursor, and
total chloride analyses performed on Site WFB-A samples. The dioxin/furan
analyses of MM5 train samples performed by Troika are considered in
Section 8.4.1; the precursor analyses of wood feed samples performed by
Radian/RTP are considered in Section 8.4.2; and the total chloride analyses
of HC1 train samples performed by Radian/Austin are reported in
Section 8.4.3.
8-9
-------
±5% Tolerance
CO
O
CM
O
D GEM
o Inlet
Outlet
%CO2 In Flue Gas
Figure 8-2. Validation of GEM and EPA Method 3 02 and CO, Data.
8-10
-------
8.4.1 DIPXin/Furan Analyses
Two individual topics related to the dioxin/furan analyses at Site WFB-A
are discussed in this section. Analytical recoveries of labeled surrogate
compounds spiked onto MM5 train samples are reported in Section 8.4.1.1.
Sample blank data are reported in Section 8.4.1.2.
8.4.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the Test Samples. Table 8-4 presents
the analytical recovery data reported by Troika for four isotopically labeled
surrogate compounds spiked onto the MM5 train samples. Samples were spiked
with all four of the surrogates. Average recovery for the MM5 train samples
was 64 percent for the inlet and 80 percent for the outlet. All values were
in the target range except for the hepta- and octa-CDD's for Run 01 at the
baghouse inlet. The recoveries were only 4 and 6 percent, respectively.
8.4.1.2 Sample Blanks. Table 8-5 summarizes the analytical results
reported by Troika for internal laboratory blanks, laboratory fortified QC
samples, and field recovery blank MM5 train samples. In general, the data
showed good surrogate recoveries, with values ranging from 42 to 110 percent.
Several dioxin/furan homologues were detected in the laboratory blank sample.
They included octa-CDD, other TCDF, hepta-CDF, and octa-CDF in the quantities
of 0.1, 0.04, 0.03, and 0.04 ng per sample train, respectively. Comparison
of the measured and spiked values for the laboratory fortified QC samples
showed agreement to within ± 25 percent for all target species except the
hexa-CDF, and hepta-CDF homologues. The measured values of the hepta CDD/CDF
homologue were 38 percent higher than the spiked value while the value for
the hexa-CDF homologue was 31 percent lower than the spiked value. Small but
detectable quantities of several dioxin and furan species were found in the
field blank MM5 train. In the baghouse outlet sample 0.3 ng of other TCDD
and TCDF was detected. Octa-CDD/CDF were detected in the inlet and outlet
samples. In the inlet samples, 0.3 ng of octa-CDD and 0.2 ng of octa-CDF was
found, while in the outlet samples 0.4 ng of octa-CDD and 0.1 ng of hepta CDF
were detected at the inlet and outlet samples, respectively.
8-11
-------
TABLE 8-4. SUMMARY OF SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR DIOXIN/FURAN
ANALYSES ON SITE WFB-A SAMPLES
Compound
Inlet
Surrogate recoveries (percent)
Run 01
MM5
Run 02
MM5
Outlet
Run 03
MM5
Run 01
MM5
Run 02
MM5
Run 03
MM5
37
13
37
13
C14-TCDD
C12-TCDD
CT4-Hepta-CDD
C112-Octa-CDD
52
52
4
6
112
106
78
66
88
88
48
64
92
96
75
58
108
112
54
41
104
114
66
40
8-12
-------
TABLE 8-5. ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
—
FlMA
Gas dual Itv
Control Samnleg
Fortified Laboratory OO Sanrnle
Compound
D1ox1ns
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta COD
Octa CDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Laboratory
Blank
NO
NO
ND
NO
ND
0.1
ND
0.04
ND
ND
0.03
0.04
Measured
Value
Amount Detected
0.4
ND
ND
1.2
3.3
3.7
0.5
ND
0.7
1.1
3.3
3.7
True .
Valuea'b
(Nanograms
0.4 (0)
ND (0)
tO (0)
1.6 (-25)
2.4 (38)
3.2 (16)
0.4 (25)
ND (0)
0.8 (-13)
1.6 (-31)
2.4 (38)
3.2 (16)
Field Blank
Inlet
per Sample)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.2
0.2
MMS Train
Outlet
ND
0.3
ND
ND
ND
0.4
ND
0.3
NO
ND
0.1
0.1
Surroaate Recoveries (Pew-en-M
37r. -TCDD
C14
13r -TCOD
C12
37C1 -Hepta CDD
4
13r -Octa CDD
C12
94
108
61
63
98
110
42
42
NA
NA
NA
NA
63
78
90
92
98
98
94
98
• — — —• —•—•—••. . L...V . w£*H w cv !<•« %*M 111 ww 1*1 ia i %iuwi a uwi y lUIUl f lou \JL*
bsamples.
Value shown in parenthesis is the percentage difference between the measured and the true value:
a _ Measured Value - True Value
True Value
NR * not reported by Troika.
ND = Not detected.
NA » Not applicable.
8-13
-------
Table 8-6 gives a comparison of the dioxin/furan analytical results for
the field blank MM5 train and the test run MM5 trains. Several dioxin/furan
homologues were detected in the blank MM5 train, however in most cases, the
values were less than 5 percent of the minimum test run value. The only
exception was the octa-CDF homologue where, at the inlet, 0.2 ng was detected
in the blank MM5 sample train while none was detected in the test run MM5
trains. In addition, at the outlet, the field blank value was 17 percent of
the minimum test run value. Overall, the field cleanup procedures were found
to be adequate for this test site. Emissions data reported in Section 5.4
are not blank-corrected.
8.4.2 Precursor Analyses
Table 8-7 presents analytical recovery efficiencies for six isotopically
labeled compounds used as surrogates for the target precursor analytes in the
Site WFB-A feed samples. The surrogate recovery values in Table 8-7 vary
considerably by specific surrogate species but are fairly uniform between
runs for the same species. Several of the recoveries are below the 50 percent
objective stated in the Tier 4 QA Project Plan and are below those generally
considered achievable when analyzing for similar compounds in water or from
MM5 train components. In spite of the relatively low surrogate recovery
values for some of the feed samples, the resulting analytical sensitivity for
the target analytes was considered acceptable for the purpose of this study.
8.4.3 Total Chloride Analyses
Total chloride analyses were performed by Radian/Austin on the HC1 train
samples. A blank HC1 train sample was analyzed for comparison with the test
samples. Only 1 mg/L of chloride was detected in each of the front-half and
back-half samples, respectively.
8-14
-------
TABLE 8-6. FIELD BLANK DIOXIN/FURAN DATA FOR SITE WFB-A MM5 SAMPLES
Amount Detected. Nanoarams oer Train
Field Blank Value
Isomer/Homologue
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Inlet
ND
ND
NO
ND
0.1
0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.2
0.2
Outlet
ND
0.3
ND
ND
ND
0.4
ND
0.2
ND
0.2
0.1
0.1
Minimum Test Run Value Percentaae3
Inlet
1.1
16.5
33.4
18.0
22.9
6.0
8.0
100.0
17.2
11.9
4.8
nd
Outlet
0.2
23.0
17.9
15.8
30.2
9.4
1 3
22.2
10.8
3.1
3.2
0.6
Inlet
n
0
0
0
0.4
5.0
n
0
o
n
4.2
Outlet
1 i
o
o
n
4.3
1.4
n
3.1
16.7
Percentage shown Is the ratio of the field blank value to the minimum test
run value, expressed as a percentage.
8-15
-------
TABLE 8-7. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR SITE WFB-A FEED SAMPLES
Percent Surroaate Recovery
Surrogate
Comoound
d^-di chl orobenzene
bromobiphenyl
2>, 5, 5* tetra
bromobi phenyl
dg-phenol
d^.-2-chlorophenol
Cg-pentachl orophenol
Wood Feed Samoles
Run 1
16
84
95
4
43
ND
Run
41,
99,
105,
13,
54,
17,
2a
NO
79
91
10
47
9
Run 3a
30, 20
46, 28
53, 31
15
14
13
Averaqe
21
67
75
11
40
10
aTwo values indicate duplicate analysis of same sample.
8-16
-------
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCES
Trip Report and Attachments. Herring, J., Acurex Corporation. July 6,
1979. Report of June 14, 1979 visit to Simpson Timber Company Sawmill,
Snelton, Washington for Nonfossil-Fueled Boilers project.
Shigehera, R. T., et al. Stack Sampling Technical Information - A
Collection of Monographs and Papers - Volume 1. OAOPS, U. S. EPA.
October 1978. p. 40.
Junge, David C., (Oregon State University.) Design and Operation of
Industrial Boilers Fired with Wood and Bark Residue Fuel. Prepared for
U. S. Department of Energy. August 1982. p. 3.
Reference 3, pp. 127 - 151.
"National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources, Quality Assurance
Project Plan". Radian Corporation. EPA Contract No. 68-02-3148.
Draft. December 10, 1984.
6. Reference 2, pp. 44 - 55.
R-l
-------
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix A
A.I
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
A.7
A.8
A.9
A.10
A.11
A.12
A.13
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix 6
Appendix H
Appendix I
Appendix J
J.I
J.2
Appendix K
Appendix L
Field Results
Definition of Terms and Sample Calculation for
MM5 Calculations
Baghouse Inlet MM5 Calculations and Results
Baghouse Outlet MM5 Calculations and Results
Baghouse Outlet HCL Calculations and Results
Baghouse Inlet MM5 Field Data Sheets
Baghouse Outlet MM5 Field Data Sheets
Baghouse Outlet HCL Field Data Sheets
Baghouse Inlet MM5 Recovery Sheets
Baghouse Outlet MM5 Recovery Sheets
Baghouse Outlet HCL Recovery Sheets
Recovery Sheets for Train Blanks
Preliminary Testing Data
Meter Calibration Data
Process Monitoring Data
System Audit Checklists
CEM Data
Wood Feed Heat Content Analysis
Testing Personnel
Error Analysis of Control Device Efficiency Calculations
Sample Shipping Letter
Dioxin/Furan Analytical Data for Gaseous Samples
Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(As-measured Concentrations)
Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emission Data
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
Run-specific Risk modeling Input Data
Compound-specific Precursor Results
-------
-------
APPENDIX A
FIELD RESULTS
-------
-------
A-l
CALCULATIONS - DEFINITIONS
OF TERMS AND SAMPLE CALCULATION
A-l
-------
-------
PARAMETER
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
DEFINITION OF
DEFINITION
TEST
5
TERMS
Tt(min.)
Dn(in.)
Ps(in.H20)
Vm(cu.ft.)
Vw(gm.)
Pm(in.H20)
Tm(F)
PbCin.Hg.)
Z €02
Z 02
Z N2
SQR(DELPS)
AsCsq.in.)
Ts(F)
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
DGM
Y
Pg
Cp
dH
dP
*** EPA
STANDARD
CONDITIONS
TOTAL SAMPLING TIME
SAMPLING NOZZLE DIAMETER
ABSOLUTE STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
ABSOLUTE VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLE MEASURED BY DGM
TOTAL STACK MOISTURE COLLECTED
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE OF DGM
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DGM
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF STACK GAS
OXYGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
NITROGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
AVE. SQ. ROOT OF S-PITOT DIFF. PRESSURE-TEMP. PRODUCT
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF STACK(DUCT)
TEMPERATURE OF STACK
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED ,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. C
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED,Vm(std),AS DRY STD C>
VOLUME OF WATER VAPOR IN GAS SAMPLE,STD
WATER VAPOR COMPOSITION OF STACK GAS
PROPORTION, BY VOLUME,OF DRY GAS IN GAS SAMPLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,DRY BASIS LB/LB-MOLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,WET BASIC LB/LB-MOLE
AVERAGE STACK GAS VELOCITY
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
PERCENT ISOKINETIC
PERCENT EXCESS AIR IN STACK GAS
DRY GAS METER
DRY GAS METER CORRECTION FACTOR
STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
PITOT COEFFICIENT
ORIFICE PLATE DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
PITOT DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
Temperature - 68 deg-F (528 deg-R)
Pressure - 29.92 in. flg.
A-3
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE-07
BAGHOUSE INLET
07-MM5-BI-01
04/16/85
1444-1604 1642-1657 1740-2005
Vm(std)
Vm(std)
1) Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 deg-F ,29.92 in.
Y x Vm x [T(std) + 460] x tPb +(Pm/13.6)]
--------------------- < -------- - ----------
P(std) x (Tm + 460)
1.001 x 130.845 x 528 x [ 29.98 + ( 1.066875 /13.6)|
--------------- ------ • -------- -
29.92 x ( 77.3021 + 460)
Vm(std) - 129.304dscf
2) Volume of water vapor at standard conditions:
Vw(gas) - 0.04715 cf/gm x W(l) gm
Vw(gas) - 0.04715 x 375.2 - 17.691 scf
3) Percent Moisture in stack gas :
100 x Vv(gas)
ZM - --------------------
Vm(std) + Vv(gas)
100 x 17.691
2M - --------------------
129.304 + 17.691
4) Mole fraction of dry stack gas :
12.03 Z
Md
100 - ZM
100
100 - 12.03
- -----------
100
.8796508
A-4
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE TWO
5)Average Molecular Weight of DR7 stack gas :
MWd - (.44 x ZC02) + (.32 x Z02) + (.28 x ZN2)
MWd - (.44 x 7.6 ) + (.32 x 13.3 ) + ( .28 x 79.1 ) - 29.748
6)Average Molecular Weight of vet stack gas :
MW - MWd x Md + 18(1 - Md)
MW - 29.748 x .8796508 + 18(1.- .8796508 ) --...28.33414
7) Stack gas velocity in feet-per-minute (fpm) at stack conditions :
Vs - KpxCp x [SQRT (dP)]lavet x SQRT [Ts Savgt] x SQRT [l/(PsxMW)] x 60sec/m
Vs - 85.49 x .84 x 60 x 19.90611 x SQRT[l/( 29.61971 X 28.33414 )]
Vs - 2960.649 FPM
8) Average stack gas dry volumetric flov rate (DSCFM) :
7s x As x Md x T(std) x Ps
144 cu.in./cu.ft. x (Ts +460) x P(std)
2960.649 x 4320 x .8796508 x528x 29.61971
144 x 931.4792 x 29.92
Qsd - 43842.81 dscfm
Qsd
Qsd
A-5
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE THREE
9)Isokinetic sampling rate (Z) :
Dimensional Constant C - K4 z 60 z 144 z [1 / (Pi /4)]
K4 - .0945 FOR ENGLISH UNITS
C z Vm(std) z (Ts + 460)
12 -
Vs z Tt z Ps z Md z (Dn)«2
1039.574 z 129.3039 z 931.4792
II ^
2960.649 z 240 z 29.61971 z .8796508 z( .254 )°2
IZ - 104.8296
10) Excess air (Z) :
100 z Z02 100 z 13.3
EA -
(.264 z ZN2) - Z02 (.264 z 79.1 ) - 13.3
EA - 175.41
11) Particulate Concentration :
Cs - ( grams part.) / Vm(std) - 0 / 129.3039
Cs - 0.0000000 Grams/DSCF
T(std) z Md z Ps z Cs
Ca - —
P(std) z Ts
528 z .8796508 z 29.61971 z 0.0000000
Ca -
29.92 z 931.4792
Ca * 0.0000000 Grams/ACF
LBS/HR - Cs z 0.002205 z Qsd z 60
LBS/HR - O.OOOOOOOz 0.002205 z 43842.8 z 60
LBS/HR - 0
Program Revision: I/I
A-6
-------
A-2
CALCULATIONS - BA6HOUSE INLET
MM5 RUNS
A-7
-------
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
(RAW DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE-07
BAGHOUSE INLET
07-MM5-BI-01
04/16/85
1444-1604 1642-1657 1740-2005
PARAMETER VALUE
Sampling time (min.) 240
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg) 29.98
Sampling noz.zle diameter (in.) .254
Meter Volume (cu.ft.) 130.845
Meter Pressure (in.H20) 1.066875
Meter Temperature (F) 77.3021
Stack dimension (sq.in.) 4320
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20) -4.9
Stack Moisture Collected (gm) 375.2
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg) 29.61971
Average stack temperature (.F) 471.4792
Percent C02 7.6
Percent 02 13.3
Percent N2 79.1
Delps Subroutine result 19.90611
DGM Factor 1.001
Pitot Constant .84
A-9
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT SITE-07
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
T B
5
S T
BAGHODSE INLET
07-MM5-BI-01
04/16/85
1444-1604 1642-1657 1740-2005
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dacf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
129.3039
3.661886
17.69068
.5010001
12.03492
.8796508
29.748
28.33414
2960.649
902.6369
88819.47
2515.367
43842.81
1241.628
104.8296
175.4062
Program Revision:!/]
A-10
-------
RADIAN S
EPA M E T H
(RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
OURCE TEST
0 D 2-5
DATA)
SITE-07
BAGHODSE INLET
07-MM5-BI-02
04/17/85
1023-1223 1230-1430
PARAMETER VALUE
Sampling time (rain.) 240
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg) 30.08
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.) .254
Meter Volume (cu.ft.) 124.18
Meter Pressure (in.H20) .9431251
Meter Temperature (F) 73.07291
Stack dimension (sq.in.) 4320
Stack Static Pressure (in*H20) -4.9
Stack Moisture Collected (gm) 410
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg) 29.71971
Average stack temperature (F) 499.3542
Percent C02 9.899999
Percent 02 13.9
Percent N2 76.2
Delps Subroutine result 19.58622
DGM Factor 1 .0013
Pitot Constant .84
A-11
-------
SITE-07
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FIHAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
- 5
BAGHOUSE INLET
07-MM5-BI-02
04/17/85
1023-1223 1230-1430
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Hd
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flov(dscfm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
124.1022
3.514574
19.3315
.5474681
13.47766
.8652234
30.14
28.50381
2899.497
883.9931
86984.91
2463.413
41144.34
1165.208
107.2111
223.5878
Program Revision;!,
A-12
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
( R A W DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE 07
BAGHODSE INLET
07-MM5-BI-03
04/18/85
0948-1148 1200-1400
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling, nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F>
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
30.04
.254
123.103
.89
75.33
4320
-4.9
358.6
29.67971
488.9167
8.8
13.9
77.3
18.98208
1.001
.84
A-13
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FINAL RESULTS
TEST
- 5
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE 07
BAGHOUSE INLET
07-MM5-BI-03
04/18/85
0948-1148 1200-1400
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
122.2921
3.463313
16.90799
.4788343
12.14654
.8785346
29.964
28.51079
2811.612
857.1987
84348.34
2388.745
40901.51
1158.331
106.2747
213.6095
Program Revision:!,
A-14
-------
A-3
CALCULATIONS - BAGHOUSE OUTLET
MM5 RUNS
A-15
-------
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
TEST
(RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DATA)
SITE-07
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
07-MM5-BO-01
04/16/85
1450-1550 1600-1900
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Eg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
29.98
.246
120.117
.83125
79.33335
4248
-21
310.9
28.43588
424.3125
5.9
15.9
78.2
19.43169
.9955
.84
A-17
-------
SITE-07
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
- 5
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
07-MM5-BO-01
04/16/85
1450-1550 1600-1900
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
117.5376
3.328666
14.65894
.415141
11.08874
.8891126
29.58
28.29592
2951.625
899.8858
87072.94
2465.906
43931.23
1244.132
99.69472
335.1038
Program Revision:!,
A-13
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
(RAW DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t
DATE-
TEST PERIOD
SITE-07
BAGHOUSB OUTLET
07-MM5-BO-02
04/17/85
1015-1215 1220-1420
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
30.08
.246
122.234
.8720832
78.29166
4248
-21
366.7
28.53588
446.0833
9.3
15.2
75.5
19.71894
.9955
.84
A-19
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
TEST
- 5
F I H A L
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLIHG LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
RESULTS
SITE-07
BAGHODSE OUTLET
07-MM5-BO-02
04/17/85
1015-1215 1220-1420
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dacf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flov(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
120.2515
3.405524
17.28991
.4896502
12.57069
.8742931
30.096
28.57545
2975.344
907.1171
87772.65
2485.722
42649.29
1207.828
105.0624
321.2173
Program Revision:!/;
A-20
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
(RAW DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE-07
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
07-MM5-BO-3
04/18/85
0950-1112 1117-1235 1312-1432
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Eg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.B20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
30.04
.246
115.345
.77
79.07
4248
-21
225.09
28.49589
435.3958
7.1
16.2
76.7
18.17898
.9955
.84
A-21
-------
RADIAN S
EPA METE
FINAL RES
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
0 0 R C E
CDS 2
D L T S
SITE-07
T
- 5
E S T
BAGHODSE OUTLET
07-MM5-BO-3
04/18/85
0950-1112 1117-1235 1312-1432
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flov(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flov(dscfia)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
113.1319
3.203894
10.61299
.30056
8.576513
.9142349
29.784
28.77335
2735.453
833.9795
80695.85
2285.307
41433.2
1173.388
101.7431
400.1188
Program Revision?!,
A=22
-------
A-4
CALCULATIONS - BAGHOUSE OUTLET
HCL RUNS
A-23
-------
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW DATA)
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE 07 ZMOISTDRE PER MM5-BO-1
BAGHODSE OUTLET
07-HCL-BO-01
04/16/85
1459-1659
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Eg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in?.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(£n Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
120
29.98
.249
59.896
.7383333
76.25
4248
-21
171.0933
28.43588
417.1667
5.9
15.9
78.2
17.89605
.9993
.84
A-25
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
T
- 5
E S T
SITE 07 ZMOISTURE PER MM5-BO-1
BAGHOUSE OUTLET.
07-HCL-BO-01
04/16/85
1459-1659
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Hd
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs- (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
59.15835
1.675365
8.067049
.2284588
12
.88
29.58
28.1904
2723.448
830.3195
80341.71
2275.277
40446.47
1145.444
106.3912
335.1038
Program Revision:!,
A-26
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
(RAW DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE-07
BAGHOUSB OUTLET
07-HCL-BO-02
04/17/85
1023-1223
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.R20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq^in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H^rv/
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
120
30.08
.249
66.844
.8899999
73.75
4248
-21
208.7
28.53588
436.75
9.3
15.2
75.5
19.93786
.9993
.84
A-27
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FIHAL RESULTS
PLAHT : SITE-07
PLANT SITE :
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST- #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
- 5-
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
07-HCL-BO-02
04/17/85
1023-1223
PARAMETER
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flov(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flov(dscfm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
RESULT
66.5755
1.885418
9.840205
.2786746
12.8772
^871228
.30.096
28.53837
3010.33
917.7836
88804.74
2514.95
43447.04
1230.42
111.4613
321.2173
Program Revision;!/]
A-23
-------
RADIAN SOU
EPA METHOD
(RAW DATA)
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
R
C B
2 -
TEST
SITB-0*
BAGHODSt OUTLET
07-HCL-.BO-3
04/18/85
0958-10*8 1026-1216
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter 'fin.f
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)~
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (*ilor.E20>
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressureCin-Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
D6M Factor
Pitot Constant
120
30.04
.249
49.946
.51
75.2
4248
-21
120.2
28.49589
410.5
7.1
16.2
76.7
14.90879
.9993
.84
A-29
-------
RADIAN S 0 0 R ,C E
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
SITE-07
TEST
5
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
07-HCL-BO-3
04/18/85
0958-1008 1026-1216
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dacf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
49.49879
1.401806
5.66743
.1605016
10.27337
.8972663
29.784
28.57339
2251.212
686.345
66410.74
1880.752
34422.74
974.8519
104.597
400.1188
Program Revision: I/I
A-30
-------
A-5
BAGHOUSE INLET
MM5 RUN SHEETS
A-31
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A-6
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
MM5 RUN SHEETS
A-45
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A-ll
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A-12
PRELIMINARY TESTING DATA
A-101
-------
-------
EPA METHOD 1
TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION FOR CIRCULAR DUCTS
PLANT
DATE.
Siic
SAMPLM LOCATION.
MSNXOFFARtALLTO
OUTSBE OF NIPPLE. (DISTANCE A) _
BODE OF NEAR IALL TO
OUTSBE OF NIPPLE. (DISTANCE It -
STACK IJ).. (DISTANCE A - DISTANCE I).
NEAREST UPSTREAM DBTURIANCE
6 C 0 t *
o ooo o
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TRAVERSE
POINT
MMER
1
Si
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-..
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toriCbu !)«*«£
FRACTION
OF STACK I.D.
.
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STACK LO.
stiiA
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m.s
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/ ) ji ^^
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i
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A-103
-------
PRELIMINARY VELOCITY TRAVERSE
oi
H.A*T_ja
DATE I
LOCATION .
STACK 1.0..
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, i
STACK GAUGE PRESSURE, m. ^ — 2 /-& M-^ O
OPERATORS.
SCHEMATIC OF TRAVERSE POINT LAYOUT
TRAVERSE
POINT
NUMER
F - I
E - 1
C- 1
ft-
A - 1
AVERAGE
VELOCITY
HEAD
(*»,). ii-I^O
.,2.1
. 32
.ta
.35
.38
.1*
.56
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.50
EPA(OMi233
472
STACK
TOPERATURE
(T$l. f
401
HOO
Hoi
H03
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3*75
MOO
TRAVERSE
POINT
NUMBER
AVERAGE
VELOCITY
HEAD
(ft»,J. «.H?0
STACK
TEMPERATURE
iTs). -F
i
A-104
-------
CORPORATION
EPA METHODS 1-4, 5
NOMOGRAPH DATA
PLANT
S.T
-------
CORPORATION
EPA METHODS 1-4, 5
NOMOGRAPH DATA
P..MT
0-7
SAMPLING LOCATION
CALIBRATED PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL ACROSS
ORIFICE, ia. H^
AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (AMBIENT + 20*F).*F
PERCENT MOISTURE IN GAS STREAM BY VOLUME
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AT METER, in. H|
STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK, in. Hg
(P.±0.073 i STACK GAUGE PRESSURE in in. H20)
RATIO OF STATIC PRESSURE TO METER PRESSURE
AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE. "F
AVERAGE VELOCITY HEAD. in. HjO
MAXIMUM VELOCITY HEAD. in. HjO
C FACTOR
CALCULATED NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
ACTUAL NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
REFERENCE Ap. in. H20
AHg
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Pwo
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EPA (Out) 234
472
A-106
-------
EPA METHOD 1
TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION FOR CIRCULAR
o
_2_
t^
PLANT.
OAT1_
**» «* $<•
SABPLM6 LOCATION.
BISK OF FAR WALL TO '
OUTSCE OF NIPPLE. (DBTANCE A)
OBOE OF NEAR tALL TO
OUTSIDE OF NIPPLE. (OBTANCE Bt
STACK IJ).. (DBTANCE A • DBTANCE B»-
NEAREST UPSTREAM OBTURBANCE.
f
" X
NEAREST OOiNSTREA DISTURBANCE
07-
SCHEMATIC OF SAVLW6 LOCATION
TRAVERSE
.POINT
NUMBER
I
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3
V
5"
6
7
sr
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FRACTION
OF STACK 1.0.
yfo
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76
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67.S
DBTANCE B
6A.
t
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TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION
FROM OUTSIDE OF -NIPPLE
(SUM OF COLUMNS *CS>
//
*0
Z?
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7V
EPA(D*28
V72
A-107
-------
PRELIMINARY VELOCITY TRAVERSE
PLANT.
DATE.J£
LOCATION .
STACK 1.0..
5-
Mare TPir PPP«I«E i. H«
STACK GAUGE PRESSURE. «. ";«
7 8
07-
TRAVERSE
POINT
NUMBER
-I
C- /
AVERAGE
EPAlDwi233
472
VELOCITY
HEAD
f s). m-HjO
35^
.35-
•35"
,3V
.35-
37
37
.37
2.7
37
STACK
TEMPERATURE
377
V57
V/7
V27
vv/
3V&
a *)
oB
oc
SCHEMATIC OF TRAVERSE POINT LAYOUT
TRAVERSE
POINT
NUMBER
sr
Z.
3
- /
AVERAGE
VELOCITY
HEAD
37
57
.53
YJ
STACK
TEMPERATURE
CTS). -F
V/7
37?
V/7
V37
V32T
A-108
-------
RADIAN
CORPORATION
EPA METHODS 1-4, 5
NOMOGRAPH DATA
PLANT.
i -
SMIPLING LOCATION
-V
CALIBRATED PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL ACROSS
ORIFICE. W.H20
AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (AMBIENT + 20*F), *F
PERCENT MOISTURE IN G*S STREAM BY VOLUME
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AT METER, in. H|
STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK, in. H|
(P,±0.373 s STACK GAUGE PRESSURE » in. H2ID)
RATIO OF STATIC PRESSURE TO METER PRESSURE
AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE. °F
AVERAGE VELOCITY HEAD. in. HjO
MAXIMUM VELOCITY HEAD. in. HjO
C FACTOR
CALCULATED NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
ACTUAL NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
REFERENCE Ap. in. H20
AHg
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BM
P.
P«
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$a¥|.
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-------
-------
A-13
METER CALIBRATION DATA
A-lll
-------
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest gj Post Test
Date
Meter Box I
y c.
Barometric Pressure, Bp
Dry Gas Meter I
30.
*t«r Urt Ckwk Fmt
Wtot LMk CtMek
n«ctrleal Owck .
vrfcs
Calfbntlng
A-113
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest Q Post Test
Data S 7/3 /t V" Uei
Mtot tMl 0*ck
n»etHe«1
Uchf>1i;1iB
f
A- 114
-------
Date
Meter Box I
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest J*J Post Test
0 & /v\ V ^
Barometric Pressure.'Bp •
Dry Gas Meter I
. 7
-------
Date
Meter Box I
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest Q Post Test
Barometric Pressure, Bp • . 7 ^VA)
/.
. w 5/ 7r^-tf*1' r£3£i££-*£__:/ 1
'Ai7l7***)"L /o.cii J ' /. g1 7
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«O.OJ.
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Niter
Htet iMk
CTKtrlttl Ctwck
tectafclM
A-116
-------
DRY GAS METER
(English Units)
Date ?/ J2./f5
Meter Box I yfr /p
CALIBRATION DATA
Pretest 0 Post Test Q
Barometric Pressure, Bp •
Dry Gas Meter I
Ttoptrtttirt
fbnoaiter
Of H»t Tt»t NtUr
AMI
-Ifi
»,(»-ffiL*««j
«(^*«^(T"**«}
OJ3172
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest Q Post Test
Date
Keter Box I
BtrosetHc Pressure, Bp*
Dry tes Meter I
«"•—•••
Ttflptritun
fM(Hi»Prf M*«M
w(»*^p«*«5
r • toil, .f
ef «.t test »Ur t, *y u.t »Ur. T.l««et
"** " *lth<" * °'05
NtUr Utk Check Frtnt
Ht*tlMkOiwk
CUctHul
A-118
-------
APPENDIX B
PROCESS MONITORING DATA
-------
-------
H-
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< • *—
E-l
-------
TABLE B-2. BAGHOUSE OPERATING DATA
Run Date
1 4/16/85
Run
Average
2 4/17/85
Run
Average
3 4/18/84
Run
Average
Time
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
1030
1130
1230
1330
1430
945
1045
1145
1245
1345
1445
P
Inches
H20
13
14
13.5
12.7
12.5
13.1
14.5
13.5
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
12.5
12.5
13.5
14.0
14.0
14.5
13.5
Temp
Op Comments
470
470
460
475
470
469
500 High temp alarm tripped.
500
500
500
490
500
470
480
480
490
480
490
482
B-:
-------
X1000
1 NOON Z\
Figure B-l. High Pressure Steam Flowrate to Veneer Plant - Run 1.
B-3
-------
X1000
Figure B-2. High Pressure Steam Flowrate to Veneer Plant - Run 2.
B-4
-------
'.•Xx-X^X BMIiY CONTROlSCQMPAHY/.-:>
••Js: ••
X1000
NOON
Figure B-3. High Pressure Steam Flowrate to Veneer Plant - Run 3.
B-5
-------
BOILER OUTLET
FLUE GAS
TEMPERATURE
AIR
HEATER
OUTLET
TEMPERATU
Figure B-4. Boiler Outlet Flue Gas Temperature and
Air Heater Outlet Temperature - Run 1.
B-6
-------
NOON
Figure B-5. Boiler Outlet Flue Gas Temperature and
Air Heater Outlet Temperature - Run 2.
B-7
-------
NOON
Figure B-6. Boiler Outlet Flue Gas Temperature and
Air Heater Outlet Temperature - Run 3.
E-8
-------
NOON
Figure B-7. Boiler WFB-A High Pressure Steam Temperature - Run 1.
8-9
-------
Figure B-8. Boiler WFB-A High Pressure Steam Temperature - Run 2.
B-10
-------
Figure B-9. Boiler WFB-A High Pressure Steam Temperature.- Run 3.
B-ll
-------
.NOON
Scale indicates feed water
use X1000
Total flow during run = 1,080,000 gallons
Figure B-10. Feedwater Flowrate - Run 1.
B-1Z
-------
1,126,500 gallons
Figure B-ll. Feedwater Flowrate - Run 2.
B-13
-------
NOON
1,138,500 gallons
Figure B-12. Feedwater Flowrate - Run 3.
B-14
-------
Figure B-13.
Boiler WFB-A Feedwater Temperature, Steam Line
Pressure, and Steam header pressure - Run 1.
B-15
-------
NX
FEED
WATER
TEMPERATURE
Figure B-14. Boiler WFB-A Feedwater Temperature, Steam Line
Pressure, and Steam header pressure - Run 2.
B-16
-------
/
Figure B-15.
Steam pressure drum
Steam pressure line
Feed water temperature
Boiler WFB-A Feedwater Temperature, Steam Line
Pressure, and Steam header pressure - Run 3.
B-17
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
SYSTEMS AUDIT CHECKLISTS
-------
-------
TABLE C-l. CONTINUOUS MONITOR QC CHECKLIST
Date 4/IU
1. If today
for the
co2 ?
CO ?
'°2 ?
NO ?
X
S02 7
THC ?
Were the
co2 ?
CO ?
°2 ?
NO ?
X
so2 ?
THC ?
§S ' Site 1
A — ) /^
U 1 Analvst _ I ^AA't'O—
calibrations run
correlations coefficients S 0.9950?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
™~p~™^™~ ^* /»! 0 * ' K<
No . 1 .fl
No
No
No
No
2. If today is not, the first calibration day, were single
and analyticalzeros run for the following?
C02 ?
CO ?
°2 ?
NO ?
x -
so2 ?
THC ?
Yes)Q
Yes Y
Yes y
Yes y.
Yes V^
' s
Yes ^T
No
No
No
No
No
No
: Kr^ CrJcJy/c
d
point RF checks
C-l
-------
TABLE C-l. CONTINUOUS MONITOR QC CHECKLIST (CONTINUED)
Were the zero values less £1% of span?
3.
9 ACS y
CO ? Yes y
02 ? Yes J£_
N0x ? Yes V
S02 ? Yes *V|i-
THC ? Yes )C
Were the single point respons
multipoint RF? i • A '^\
KJ/ IL^T I/
CO, ? T..N/fefoU
CO ? Yes
02 ? Yes
N0x ? Yes
S02 ? Yes
THC ? Yes
no
No
No
No
No
No
e-^factors within 20% of the previous
jjA
No
No
No
No
No
Were the quality control standards run today?
C07 ? Yes Y
i A
CO ? Yes /
°2 ? Y« Y
NO ? Yes \/
— T/~
SO, ? Yes V/IV
^ i f
THC ? "" Yes ^
No
No
No
No
No
No
C-2
-------
4.
5.
TABLE C-l. CONTINUOUS MONITOR QC CHECKLIST (CONTINUED)
Were the measured QC standard values within 10% of the running mean
measurements? ° mean
co2 ?
CO ?
NO ?
x
Yes Y
Yes \
Yes ^
Yes Y
No
No
No
No
THC ? Yes X No
Have all calibrations been recorded in the logbook or on data sheets?
Yes No
Was the post-sampling drift check done today?
C02 ? Yes )( No
CO ?
0_ '
2
NO ?
x
so2 ?
THC ?
Yes y
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Did the pretest and post-test response factors agree within ± 10%?
co2 ?
CO ?
NO ?
x
so2 ?
THC ?
ftjflos
C-3
-------
-------
RADIAN
Table C-2.
Site:
.02.
METHOD 2 - DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS
VELOCITY AND VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
SYSTEMS AUDIT CHECKLIST
Contract:
Date:
Auditor: AJC A-—-
Yes No
Comments
Operation
PRESAMPLING PREPARATIONS
1. Knowledge of process.conditions.
2. Calibration of pertinent equipment
prior to each field test (e.g.,
thermocouple).
. Pi tot tube meets geometry require-
4. Sampling location/number of traverse
points meet Method 1 specifications.
5. Cyclonic flow check performed.
6. Manometer carefully leveled and
zeroed.
7. Spare parts and support equipment
available.
8. Manometer of appropriate
sensitivity.
SAMPLING OPERATIONS
1. Leak check performed before tra-
verse.
2. Sampling port adequately plugged.
3. Process at correct operating level.
4. Pitot tube properly aligned along
its roll and pitch axes throughout
the traverse.
5. Pitot tube frequently cleared when
measuring in a dust-laden gas.
C-5
-------
RADIAN
Table C-2.
Method 2 Systems Audit Checklist (Continued)
Yes No
Comments
_X
X
X
Operation
SAMPLING OPERATIONS (Continuedl
6. Sufficient time allowed at each
traverse point for system to
stablize.
7. All pertinent information recorded
during sampling.
8. Static pressure properly measured
and recorded.
9. Barometric pressure properly
measured and recorded.
10. Reliable value for gas molecular
weight available (or measured).
11. Final leak check performed.
POSTSAMPLING OPERATIONS
1. Any unusual conditions recorded.
2. Data sheets dated and initialed.
3. Adequate system for data filing/
storage.
4. Data sheets reviewed for
completeness.
5. Adequate data reduction/validation]
procedures.
COWENTS:
C-6
-------
RADIAN
Table C-3. METHOD 3 - GAS ANALYSIS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
OXYGEN AND DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Site: Q7
SYSTEMS AUDIT CHECKLIST
Date:
Contract:
Yes No
Conraents
Auditor:
Operation
t- -
r^
y_
?- -
PRESAMPLING PREPARATIONS
1. Theoretical values (approximate)
available.
2. Sampling train properly assembled.
3. Adequate spare parts and support
equipment.
4. TCD calibrated and operating
normally.
SAMPLING OPERATIONS
1. Initial leak check performed.
2. Sampling train purged with stack gas
prior to sampling.
3. Constant sampling rate maintained.
POSTSAHPLING OPERATIONS
1. Sample properly transferred from bag
to GC/TCD, with no exposure to
ambient air.
2. Replicate analysis performed at
appropriate frequency.
3. Calibration performed prior to and
after each analysis period.
4. All data properly recorded using
acceptable format.
(continued)
C-7
-------
Table C-3
Method 3 Systems Audit Checklist (Continued)
Yes No
Comments
- .X-
Operation
POSTSAMPLING OPERATIONS (Continuej
/5. Data records indicate date/time 01
sample collection, date of sample
analysis, and initials of both
sampler and analyst.
6. Adequate data filing/storage
procedures.
7. Adequate data reduction/validatior
procedures.
COMMENTS:
C-3
-------
Table C-4. METHOD 4 MOISTURE DETERMINATION CHECKLIST TO BE USED BY AUDITORS
07 Date:
Contract:
Auditor:
Yes No
Comments
Operation
PRESAMPLING PREPARATIONS
1. Knowledge of process conditions.
2. Calibration of pertinent equipment
prior to each field test; in
particular, the dry gas meter should
be checked before each test.
ON-SITE MEASUREMENTS
3. Leak testing of sample train after
sample run.
4. Addition of water and silica gel to
impingers, and correct location of
impingers.
5. Constant sampling rate and not
exceeding specified rate.
6. Measurement of condensed water to
within specified limits.
6. Measurement of condensed water to
within specified limits.
7. Record of pertinent process
condition during sample collection.
8. Probe maintained at given
temperature.
POSTSAMPLING
9. Calculation procedure/check.
10. Calibration checks.
C-9
-------
Table C-4.
Method 4 Moisture Determination Checklist (Continued)
COMMENTS:
C-10
-------
RADIAN
Table C-5.
MODIFIED METHOD 5
SAMPLING CHECKLIST
Contract:
Site:
Date:
Auditor:
Preparation of Sampling Train
1. All train openings sealed prior to
assembly.
2. Grease-free connections on samplinq
train
3. Impingers weighed after charging and
weights recorded.
4. Proper configuration of components
checked after train assembly.
5. Impingers adequately immersed in ice
bath.
6. Filter properly handled and sealed
in appropriate type holder.
Preparation of Probe
7. Probe openings sealed prior to train
assembly.
8. Probe rinsed with hexane/acetone
prior to train assembly.
9. Probe marked for proper sampling
distance.
10. Temperature sensor checked.
(Calibration available).
11. Nozzle sized correctly, measured
with calipers and recorded.
C-ll
-------
Table C-5. MODIFIED METHOD 5 SAMPLING CHECKLIST
(Continued)
Yes
No
Comments
jdk-
^Operation
Performance of Leak Check
12. Probe leak checked prior to
insertion into the stack and
recorded.
13. Leak check performed using workpn
protocol.
14. Initial leak check.
15. Final leak check.
Performance of Test
16. Appropriate sampling time and
recording interval selected. (Ev
5 minutes)
17. Sampling rate within 10% of the
selected rate.
18. Pertinent sampling data recored orl
field data sheets (DGM readings-
initial and final temperature,
pilot, etc.)
19. Probe properly positioned. Pi tot
alignment checked.
20. Probe temperature monitored duringl
run.
21. Ice bath checked during run.
22. Level and zero of the manometer
periodically checked.
23. XAD-2 temperature less than 20°C
24. Blank train for test run series.
(Continuec
C-12
-------
Table C-5. MODIFIED METHOD 5 SAMPLING CHECKLIST
(Continued)
Yes
No
Comments
Operation
Recovery of Samples
25. Tip of probe wiped free of
particulars. Liner removed from
sheath prior to solvent rinsing.
26. New, clean brush used for each
sampling run. Was brushing tecnique
adequate to minimize sample
contamination.
27. Probe ends sealed with clean
aluminum foil.
28. Train inlet capped.
29. Cleanup area clean and protected
from wind.
30. Train inspected for abnormalities
prior to disassembly.
31. Adsorbant tubes capped with ground
glass caps and wrapped in aluminum
foil.
32. Impingers wiped dry, weighted, and
weight recorded.
33. Analytical balance calibration check
performed routinely. Check weights,
in correct range and recorded.
34. Contents of impingers composited
into proper sample containers and
containers sealed.
35. Appropriate solvent rinse sequence
followed adequately.
36. Containers labelled per test plan
protocol.
(Continued]
C-13
-------
Table C-5. MODIFIED METHOD 5 SAMPLING CHECKLIST
(Continued)
37. Samples collected in amber glass
bottles with TFE-lined screw cap;
38. Appropriate chain of custody recol
maintained on each sample componel
. C-14
-------
APPENDIX D
CEM DATA
-------
-------
CEMS DATA - SITE 07 - TEST 1
** FACTOR »*
•»* FOR 3V. 02 •»*
»* NORMALIZATION »»
»» OF *»
«» OTHER PROCESS »*
** GASES »»
##
»*
»*
»»
**
»*
**
#»
#*
»»
**
**
»*
•»*
**
**
**
»»
**
*•»
»*
**
**
»»
»*
»*
#»
*#
#»
»*
*»
#*
**
»*
»*
**
*•»
»»
**
**'
**
**
#*
»*
**
**
»»
»*
*
*
*
•
*
*
*
*
*
»
»
*
*
»»
»*
»»
*»
*
*
*
»
*
*
•»*
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
**
2.4107 »»
2.4327 **
2.4482 **
2.4500 »»
2. 3373 »»
2.5239 »»
2.5341 »•»
2.5556 **
2.3786 »»
2.5852 »*
2. 5834 **
2.4595 »*
2.4967 »»
2.5076 **
2.5113 »*
2. 3568 *•»
2.4980 **
2. 4786 **
2. 4534 **
2.4744 *»
2.5430 **
2.6070 »*
2. 4521 »*
2.5196 »»
2. 4847 »»
2.4S59 »»
2. 4293 »»
2.4111 **
2. 4054 »*
2.4172 »*
2.4444 **
2.5323 *»
2. 5483 »»
2.4795 »»
2.4912 »*
2.3104 **
2.4983 •»»
2.3456 **
2.2231 »*
2.2851 **
3. 1936 **
2. 1974 **
2.2951 »»
2. 1481 **
2. 1649 •»»
2. 1998 *»
2. 2523 **
2.2147 »»
2.2363 **
2. 2092 **
2.3317 *»
2.2356 »•
2. 4337 »»
2.1131 **
2.4140 *»
2. 2762 *»
2. 2273 " »»
2. 3461 »»
2. 2787 »»
2. 2968 . **
2.2144 »»
2.2339 **
2. 0323 **
2.0572 »»
2.0179 *»
2. 1306 »*
2.0429 *»
2. 1593 *»
2.1913 »*
2.1718 **
2. 2318 »*
71
2.3667
0.2
NORMALIZED
TIME 02
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
1505
1510
1515
1S20
1323
1530
1535
1340
1343
1550
1555
1600
1605
1610
1613
1620
1623
1630
1633
1640
1645
1650
1655
1700
1705
1710
1713
1720
1725
1730
1735
1740
1743
1730
1733
1800
1803
isie
tais
1820
1823
1830
1833
1840
1843
1850
1835
1900
1903
1910
1913
1920
1923
1930
1933
1940
1943
1930
1933
2000
2003
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
13.3
13.5
13.6
13.6
13.2
13.8
13.8
13.9
13.4
14.0
14.0
13.6
13.7
13.8
13. S
13.3
13.7
13.7
13.6
13.7
13.9
14.0
13.6
13.8
13.7
13.6
13.3
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.8
13.9
13.7
13.7
13.2
13.7
13.3
12.9
13.1
13.3
12.8
13.1
12.6
12.6
12.8
13.0
12.3
13.0
12.8
13.3
12.9
13.6
12.4
13.3
13.0
12.9
13.3
13.0
13.1
12.8
13.0
12.2
12.2
12. a
12.6
12.1
12.6
12.7
12.7
13.0
71
13.3
0.6
/ CORRECTED DATA
CO CO2
237.0
176.0
224.1
183.9
170.9
123.0
182.9
150.0
202.2
253.9
174.5
276.1
143.2
108.3
242.7
220.9
183.6
221.5
385.6
259.8
335.4
256.5
244.4
232.1
340.0
231.4
163.9
293.0
251.0
284.2
260.0
153.9
117.8
182.7
233.1
173.6
141.1
177.6
249.2
180.2
333.0
306.4
259.6
32.4
213.9
187.1
39.0
260.3
344.2
288.3
419.8
213.6
286.7
161.0
79.0
23.7
60.3
91.2
296.0
238. 9^
199.7
337.0
166.8
167.1
163.9
93.3
66
211.7
82.8
18.7
18.3
18.7
18.4
18.1
18.3
18.8
18.4
17.9
18.3
18.3
17.8
18.0
18.7
18.3
17.3
17.8
18.4
18.8
17.9
18.3
18.6
18.1
17.7
17.6
18.5
18.2
18.0
18.6
18.4
17.9
18.6
18.8
18.2
17.7
17.3
18.2
19.1
17.4
17.8
26.0
18.2
18.1
17.5
18.4
18.0
18.2
17.6
18.3
17.8
18. a
18.5
18.3
17.8
17.9
18. 1
18.4
18.9
18.3
17.8
18.6
18.6
18.8
18.1
18.7
18.6
18.2
18.2
18.7
18.5
18.3
71
18.3
i.a
-WITH ACTUAL 02
NOX THC
(PPMV) (PPMV)
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0 '
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.7
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.7
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.7
1.1
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
, B.S
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
69
a. 3
a. 3
0.1
0.1
.0
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.3
a. 6
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
a. 4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.5
a. 3
0.4
0.5
0.3
a. s
a.s
a.s
a. 3
0.3
a. 4
a.s
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
.0
0. 1
0.1
0.2
.0
0.3
0.1
a. i
O.I
a. 3
a. 2
0.3
37
0.3
0.1
D-l
-------
CEHS DATA -' SITE 07 - TEST 2
*»
**
**
**
*•
**
*»
**
#»
••
**
••
*»
**
»#
**
**
*•
**
»• =
*»
**
**
**
«*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
**
•*
**
**
**
•*
*•
«•
*»
•*
••
•*
•»
**
•*
*•
••
*•
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
cSeTS5 o- ** NORMALIZED / CORRECTED DATA
run iJv QZ •**
NORMALIZATION »»
OF **
OTHER PROCESS »• TIME 02 CO ' C02
GASES »» c/.v) (PPMV) (XV)
*•»
2.0801
1.8975
2. 5775
2.0351
2.0013
1.9531
2. 6530
2.0199
2.0070
2.7167
1 . 9979
1.9975
2.6086
2.0239
2.0493
2.4621
2.0880
2.0027
1.9941
2.6438
1.9923
2. 0604
2.7705
2. 1052
2.0748
2.3333
2. 1238
2. 0674
2. 1876
2.5503
2. 1087
2.1039
2.7398
2. 1 176
2.8681
2. 7373
2.0391
2.0376
2. 2003
2.6034
2. 0732
2. 1269
2.9853
2.0447
2. 1663
2.8568
2.1434
2.0637
2.6636
2. 4328
2.4632
2.1630
52
2.2338
0.3
»» 1040
»» 1045
»» 1050
»* 1055
»» 1100
»» 1105
»» 1110
»» 1115
»» 1120
»» 1125
»» 1 138
»* 1 135
»» 1148
»» 1145
»* 1158
•» 1153
»» 1200
*» 1203
»» 1210
•* 1215
»» 1220
*» 1225
»» 1230
»* 1235
»» 1240
** 1245
»» 1250
•» 1255
»• 1308
•* 1305
»• 1310
*» 1313
•* 1320
** • 1323
»» 1330
»* 1333
•» 1340
»» 1345
»» 1338
»• 1335
»* 1488
»» 1405
»» 1410
»» 1415
•• 1420
»» 1423
•» 1430
•» 1433
*» 1448
** 1445
»» 1458
«* 1455
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
12.3
11.5
14.0
12.1
12.0
11.7
14.2
12.0
12.8
14.3
11.9
11.9
14.8
12.1
12.2
13.6
12.3
12.8
11.9
14.1
11.9
12.2
14.4
12.4
12.3
13.9
12.3
12.2
12.4
13.9
12.4
12.4
14.4
12.4
12.2
14.4
12.1
12.2
12.8
14.8
12.3
12.5
14.9
12.1
12.6
14.6
12.5
12.2
14.2
13.5
13.6
12.6
52
12.8
8.9
188.6
233.1
230.3
175.2
271.8
305.4
308.7
245.4
287.3
279.3
234.9
281.0
357. 3
269.4
289.5
322.9
333.0
259.6
283.1
287.7
269.3
275.3
302.8
235.3
197.5
282.2
248.1
283.1
292.8
318.7
257.1
261.2
322.3
241.4
284.1
262.1
212.8
187.6
193.2
191.3
198.5
155.4
133. 4
149.8
96.3
133.2
135.8
151.4
149.8
175.4
211.7
212.1
52
239.8
68.7
18. 1
17.8
18.8
18.0
17.9
17.7
18.7
17.8
17.7
18.1
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.9
17.6
16.9
18.3
17.5
17.5
17.7
17.6
17.4
17.8
17.4
17.4
17.1
18.8
17.5
16.8
18.9
17.4
17.3
17.5
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.4
17.7
16.6
18.7
17.3
17.3
is. a
17.8
17.6
18.2
17.7
18. 8
17.3
18.3
18.2
17.9
mmmmmmmmm
52
17.7
8.4
-WITH ACTUAL O2
NOX THC
(PPMV) (PPMV)
0.4
0.3
0.9
0.0
8.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
8.0
8.3
0.3
0.4
8.0
8.4
0.4
0.0
8.0
0.3
0.8
8.3
8.0
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.4
8.4
8.8
0.4
8.8
1. 1
8.5
8.8
8.8
0.0
0.4
8.8
8.8
0.5
8.7
8.8
0.5
0.4
0.7
8.8
8.8
a. a
a. 8
a. a
8.9
8.8
51
8.2
8.3
7.4
6. 0
8.0
6.0
6.8
6.0
7.8
5.7
5.9
7.4
3.4
5.2
7.0
5.7
5.6
6.3
5.6
3.9
3.2
6.6
4.9
5.7
6.6
4.6
4.7
5.8
4.8
3.8
5.2
3.4
4.2
3.7
5.8
3.9
3.4
4. 1
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.6
1.3
2.4
2.7
1.6
1.2
0.9
52
4.5
2.0
D-2
-------
GEMS DATA - SITE O7 - TEST 3
#»
»*
*«
»»
**
**
*#
»#
»»
*»
*»
**
**
*#
»#
**
»*
*»
**
#•»
**
**
»*
»»
**
**
»*
*»
#*
*»
**
»*
*»
**
**
*»
**
*»
**
**
**
»»
**
*»
»*
**
**
**
*«
»*
*»
**
**
»*
**
*-•
•»*
**
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
FACTOR
FOR 37. 02
NORMALIZATION
OF
OTHER PROCESS
GASES
2.3113
3.1347
2.3335
2.3002
3.1311
2. 2993
2.33O9
2. 7384
2. 3973
2. 2793
2. 3298
3.0852
2.3263
2.3146
3.0119
2.3062
2. 2435
2. 8363
2. 2786
2.3677
2.1143
2.9401
2. 2870
2.2218
2. 9934
2.2807
2.0421
2.7316
2. 1486
2. 1380
2.2221
2.5446
2. 1233
2.0233
2.6270
2.0513
2.0613
2.6842
2. 2305
2. 1756
2. 8O76
2. 1232
1 . 6932
1 . 8944
2. 4948
1.7861
1.3322
2. 3391
1.9167
1.7717
2. 4048
1.7948
1 . 8900
2. 1306
2.0300
1 . 3678
1.8415
2. 5625
1.9797
1.8641
2.3851
61
2.3097
0.4
#»
»*
**
»#
•»*
**
•»*
•»*
**
#*•
**
**
**
«*
»*
**
**
*«
»*
»*
**
•»*
**
*»
**
•»*
**
»*
**
»»
*»
»*
»*
»*
»#
**
»*
»»
**
*»
»»
**
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»»
•»»
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**
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**
»*
•»*
**
**
**
*•»
**
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•»*
*»
NORMAL I ZED ; /iiCORRECJED DATA
TIME
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
1040
1045
10SO
1055
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1103
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1200
1203
1210
1213
1220
1223
1230
1233
124O
1243
1230
1235
1300
1303
1310
1313
1320
1323
1330
1333
1340
1343
1330
1353
1400
1403
1410
1413
1420
1425
1430
1433
1440
1443
1450
1433
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
02
C/.V)
13.2
13.2
13.2
13. 1
13.2
13. 1
13.3
14.4
14. a
13. a
13.2
13.1
13.2
13.2
13.0
13.1
12.9
14.6
13.0
13.3
12.4
14.8
13.1
12.8
14.9
13.1
12. 1
14.3
12.6
12.3
12.3
13.9
12.3
12.1
14.1
12.2
12.2
14.2
12.9
12.7
14.3
12.3
10.3
11.3
13.7
10.9
11.1
13.3
11.6
10.8
13.3
10.9
11.4
12.5
12.1
11.3
11.2
13.9
11.9
11.3
14.0
61
13.0
1.2
CO
(PPMV)
357.9
417.7
292.8
339.8
358.0
316.5
326.9
339.6
331.5
345.1
342.7
4B8.9
314.9
321.7
373.6
333.3
323.9
432.1
341.3
319.2
269.6
349.8
322.7
279.3
297.6
295.2
326.5
37B.1
381. 6
311.1
304.5
313.3
318.0
280.2
306.3
305.8
295.8
327.3
242. a
280.5
345. B
411.6
2046.3
305.7
269.7
367.2
291.9
472.2
237.9
623.2
494.2
788.3
321.1
396.3
423.5
250.5
333.6
198.1
219. a
286.3
208.3
61
366.3
234.4
C02
(XV)
17.4
17.6
17.3
17.3
17.5
17.6
17.3
16.4
13.7
17.3
17.3
17.6
17.3
17.5
17.7
17.4
17.4
17.2
17.7
17.5
17.4
18.3
17.6
17.5
17.8
17.6
17.8
17.7
17.4
17.3
16.3
18.6
17.4
17.5
17.6
17. S
17.6
17.6
17.5
17.7
17.3
13.0
17.3
17.9
13.0
17.9
17.7
18.2
18.0
17.3
18.0
13.2
18. 0
17.0
19.3
18.0
18.2
17.9
18.2
18.0
61
17.7
0.3
-WITH ACTUAL O2
NQX
(PPMV)
0.4
O.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.O
0.3
O.O
O.O
e.o
a.4
a. a
a. 4
a. a
a. 7
a.o
t.a
B.7
0.3
1.4
a.o
O.4
0.4
0.0
1.1
a. 3
a. a
0.3
a.o
0.3
. O.O
0.0
0.3
a.4
a.s
a.o
a.o
O.O
O.3
O.4
a. a
a. 9
1.2
a.o
a. 3
a.o
0.7-
O.O
a. a
a.a
1.0
a.o
61
0.3
0.4
THC
-------
-------
CEMS DATA
SITE 07 - TEST 1 (UNREDUCED TO 37. Q2)
TIME
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
1505
1510
1515
1520
1525
1530
1535
1540
1545
1550
1555
1600
1605
1610
1615
1620
1625
1630
1635
1640
1645
1650
1655
1700
1705
17t0-
1715
1720
1725
1730
1735
1740
1745
1750
1755
1800
1805
1810
1815
1820
1825
1830
1835
02
C/.V)
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.6
13.2
13.8
13.8
13.9
13. 4
14.0
14.0
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.8
13.3
13.7
13.7
13.6
13.7
13.9
14.0
13.6
13.8
13.7
13.6
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.8
13.9
13.7
13.7
13.2
13.7
13.3
12.9
13. 1
15.3
12.8
13. 1
12.6
12.6
12.8
13.0
12.8
13.0
12.8
13.3
12.9
13.6
CO
(PPMV)
98.3
72.4
91.5
75. 1
73. 1
48.7
72.2
58.7
85.0
98.2
67.5
112.2
58.2
43.2
96.6
93.7
73.5
89.4
157.2
105.0
131.8
98.4
99.6
92. 1
136.8
102.4
67.5
121.5
104.3
117.6
106.4
60.8
46.2
73.7
101.6
75.2
56.5
75.7
112.0
78.9
104.2
139.5
113. 1
15. 1
98.8
85.0
26.2
'117.6
152.6
130.6
178.5
96.4
r
C02
(XV)
7.8
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.8
7.3
7.4
7.2
7.5
7. 1
7. 1
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.3
7. 1
7.4
7.7
7.2
7.2
7. 1
7.4
7.0
7. 1
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.6
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.3
7. 1
7.6
7.3
8.2
7.8
7.8
8.1
8.3
7.9
8.2
8.5
8.2
8. 1
8.0
8. 1
8. 1
7.6
8.3
r-R 7-5
NOX
(PPMV)
0. 2
0.0
0.0
0.0
01
n -b_
0. 3
0.0
0. 2
00
« xJ
0. 2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0. 3
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
00
« VJ
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
01
» •*_
0.2
0.3
0.0
0-r
m *—'
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
- 0.2
0-5
. ji,
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0. 0
THC
(PPMV)
.0
.0
.0
0-t
. i
0. 1
00
. JL
0'**^
. .i
01
. i
0.2
0.2
0,3
01
• •»!»
0.2
01
• •»!•
0. 1
0. 1
0.1
0.2
0. 1
0.2
0.2
00
. i
0. 1
0. 1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0. 1
0^
. i
0.2
0. 1
0^
. 2
0.2
0*-*
• ^
0. 1
0. 1
0.2
0. 1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0. 1
0. 1
04
. 1
0. 1
.0
0. 1
0. 1
-------
CEMS DATA - SITE 07 - TEST 1 (UNREDUCED TO 37. 02)
1840
1045
1850
1855
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
2000
2005
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
12.4
13.5
13.0
12.9
13.3
13.0
13. 1
12.8
13.0
12.2
12.2
12.0
12.6
12. 1
12.6
12.7
12.7
13.0
71
13.3
0.6
135.7
66.7
34.7
10. 1
26.5
39.7
133.7
116.4
97. 1
176.9
81.6
77.4
75.7
43.9
66
89.4
35. 7
8.4
7.4
8.0
8.2
8. 1
8. 1
7.7
8.4
8.3
9. 1
8.8
9.3
8.7
8.9
8.4
8.5
8.5
8. 1
71
7.8
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
71
0. 1
1.3
.0
.0
.0
»0
.0
0. 1
.0
0. 1
.0
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
57
0. 1
0. 1
D-6
-------
CEMS DATA - SITE 07 - TEST
(UNREDUCED TO 37. O2)
[ME
... ;,
1040
1045
1050
1055
1100
1105
1110
1115
1120
1125
1130
1135
1140
1145
1150
1155
1200
1205
1210
1215
1220
1225
1230
1235
1240
1245
1250
1255
1300
1305
1310
1315
1320
1325
1330
1335.
1340
1345
1350
1355
1400
1405
1410
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
02
r/.v)
• 12.3
11.5
14.0
12. 1
12.0
11.7
14.2
12.0
12.0
14. 3
11.9
11.9
14.0
12. 1
12.2
13.6
12.3
12.0
11.9
14. 1
11.9
12.2
14.4
12.4
12.3
13.9
12.5
12.2
12.4
13.9
12.4
12.4
14.4
12.4
12.2
14.4
12. 1
12. 2
12.8
14.0
12.3
12.5
14.9
12. 1
12.6
14.6
12.5
12.2
14=2
13.5
13.6
12.6
CO
(PPMV)
86.8
122.8
89.4
86. 1
135.8
156.3
116.3
121.5
143. 1
102.9
127.6
140.7
137.0
133. 1
141.3
131. 1
159.5
129.6
142.0
108.8
135.2
133.6
109.3
111.8
95.2
110.5
113.0
136.9
138.6
125.0
121.9
124. 1
117.7
114.0
137.4
95. 1
104.3
91.2
87.8
73.5
95.7
73. 1
45.3
73.3
44.4
47.3
63.0
73.4
55.9
72. 1 '
86.0
97.9
CO2
(XV)
8.7
9.4
7.0
8.9
8.9
9. 1
7.0
8.8-
8.8
6.6
8.9
8.9
6.8
8.8
8.6
6.9
8.8
8.8
8.8
6.7
8.8
8.5
6.4
8.3
8.4
6.7
8.5
8.5
8.0
7.4
8.3
8.2
6.4
8.2
8.5
6.4
8.6
8.6
7.5
7.2
8.4
8.2
6.0
8.7
8. 1
6.4
8.2
8.7
6.5
7.5
7.4
8.2
NQX
(PPMV)
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
THC
(PPMV)
3.6
T *y
3. 1
2, 9
3.0
3. 1
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.6
*-» -7
£.*•/
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.7
3.0
O A
-1. m *_3
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.4
T1 *•>
*"> "T
•£~ • •— '
2- 3
*~* T
ji. » •_•
2.4
2.5
2. 1
2.0
1.8
1.8
; i.s
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1. 1
1. 1
1. 1
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
1. 1
1.0
0.6
' 0.5
0.4
D-7
-------
GEMS DATA - SITE 07 - TEST 2 (UNREDUCED TO 37. O2)
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
52
12.S
0.9
52
108.0
29. 1
52
3.0
0.9
51
0. 1
0. 1
52
2.0
0.9
0-8
-------
CEMS DATA - SITE 07 - TEST 3 (UNREDUCED TO 37. 02)
TIME
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1055
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1200
1205
1210
1215
1220
1225
1230
1235
1240
1245
1350
1255
1300
1305
1310
1315
1320
1325
1330
1335
1340
1345
1350
1355
1400
1405
1410
1415
02
(7.V)
13.2
15.2
13.2
13. 1
15.2
13. 1
13.3
14.4
14.0
13.0
13.2
15. 1
13.2
13.2
15.0
13. 1
12.9
14.6
13.0
13.3
12.4
14.8
13. 1
12.8
14.9
13. 1
12. 1
14.3
12.6
12.5
12.8
13.9
12.5
12. 1
14.1
12.2
12.2
14.2
12.9
12.7
14.5
12.5
10.3
11.5
13.7
10.9
11. 1
13.3
11.6
10.8
13.5
10.9
11.4
CO
(PPMV)
154.9
132.4
125.5
147.7
114.4
137.6
139.0
124.0
127.6
151.4
147. 1
132.5
135.4
139.0
124.0
144.7
144.4
151.3
149.8
134.8
127.5
119.0
141. 1
125.7
99.4
129.4
159.9
135.5
140.3
145.5
137.0
125.3
149.8
138.5
116.6
149. 1
143.5
122.0
108.5
128.9
122.9
193.7
1208.5
161.3
108. 1
205.6
159.3
200.2
134.5
3S2.-9
205.5
439.5
14,9.9
C02
(7.V)
NOX
(PPMV)
THC
(PPMV)
7.5
5.6
7.4
7.5
5.6
7.6
7.4
6.0
7.2
7.7
7.5
5.7
7.5
7.6
5.9
7.6
,8
0
7.
6.
D-9
7.8
7.4
8.2
6.2
7.7
7.9
5.9
7.7
8.7
6.5
8. 1
8. 1
7.4
7.3
8.2
8.6
6.7
8.5
8.5
6.5
7.8
8. 1
6.2
8.5
10.2
9.4
7.2
10.0
9.7
7.7
9.4
10.0
7.5
10. 1
9.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0. 3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.2
1.1
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.4
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0.2
0.2
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0.2
0.3
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0. 1
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.2
0. 1
.0
.0
.0
0. 1
0.2
0.2
0. 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
0.5
.0
0.4
.0
0.4
0.8
, 1
1
,2
, 1
, 1
, 1
, 1
2
. 1
, 3
-T
-------
CEMS DATA - SITE 07 - TEST 3 (UNREDUCED TO 3'/. 02)
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
12.5
12. 1
11.3
11.2
13.9
11.9
11.3
14.0
186.3
208.6
134. 1
181. 1
77. 3
110.6
153.6
80.8
8.0
9.5
9.7
9.9
7.0
9.2
9.7
7. 1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0. 1
.0
0.5
0.3
0.6
0. 3
0.8
0.4
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
61
13.0
1.2
61
167. 1
144.6
61
7.8
1.2
61
0. 1
0.2
61
0.5
D-10
-------
-------
APPENDIX E
WOOD FEED HEAT CONTENT ANALYSES
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES: 1919 SOUTH HIGHLAND AVE., SUITE 210-B, LOMBARD. ILLINOIS 60148 . (312) 953-9300
DYD W.TAYLOR III
NAGER
WEST DIVISION
RADIAN CORPORATION
Process Center
3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park/ NC 27709
ATTN: Winton Kelly
PLEASE ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO'
16130 VAN DRUNEN RD., P.O. BOX 127
SOUTH HOLLAND, IL 60473
OFFICE TEL. (312) 264-1173
TELEX: 283527
May 30, 1985
Sample identification
by Radian Corp.
:ind of sample
reported to us
mple taken at
tiple taken by
Date sampled
Date received
Wood
Radian Corp.
4/16/85
5/24/85
Sample Type: 07-WF-01-D
Location: #7 BLR
Date: 4/16/85
Sample No.: 9149
Project 1231-056-12-09
P.O. No. V-19098
Analysis report no. 71-07443
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
As Rec'd Dry Basis
%Moisture
%Carbon
%Hydrogen
%Nitrogen
%Chlorine
%Sulfur
— %Ash
%0xygen(diff)
Btu/lb.
4.74
51.61
5.59
0.10
0.31
0.13
0.66
36.86
XXXXX
54.18
5.87
0.10
0.33
0.14
0.69
38.69
100.00
8613
100.00
9042
opy Watermarked
our Protection
Respectfully submitted.
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
43>
E-l David W. C^>x, Manager, South Holland Laboratory
-------
s<484
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES: 1919 SOUTH HIGHLAND AVE., SUITE 210-B. LOMBARD. ILLINOIS 60148 • (312) 953-9300
LLOYD W.TAYLOR III
MANAGER
MIDWEST DIVISION
RADIAN CORPORATION
Process Center
3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park/ NC 27709
ATTN: Winton Kelly
PLEASE ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE
16130 VAN DRUNEN RD., P.O. BOX 11
SOUTH HOLLAND, IL604^
OFFICE TEL. (312) 264-11'
TELEX: 28353
May 30, 1985
Sample identification
by Radian Corp
Kind of sample
reported to us
Sample taken at
Sample taken by
Wood
Radian Corp.
Date sampled 4/17/85
Date received 5/24/85
Sample Code: 07-WF-02-D-B
Location: Wood Fuel
Screw Feeder
Date: 4/17/85
Project #231-056-12-09
P.O. No. V-19098
Analysis report no. 71-07445
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
As Rec'd Dry Basis
%Moisture
%Carbon
%Hydrogen
%Nitrogen
%Chlorine
%Sulfur
%Ash
%0xygen(diff)
Btu/lb.
4.01
51.66
5.66
0.08
0.28
0.14
0.65
37.52
100.00
8501
XXXXX
53.82
5.90
0.08
0.29
0.15
0.68
39.08
100.00
8856
gmal Copy Watermarked
For Your Protection
Respectfully submitted,
}MMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
E-2
tf^yy-^^o
David W. Cox, Manager, South Holland" Laboratory
Charter Meml
DWC/dS OVER 40 BRANCH LABORATORIES STRATEGICALLY LOCATED IN PRINCIPAL COAL MINING AREAS.
T» r\ c\flt ATCQ a M n r: a c a T ta
ooo-rc1
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES: 1919 SOUTH HIGHLAND AVE., SUITE 210-8. LOMBARD, ILLINOIS 60148 • (312) 953-9300
)YD W.TAYLOR III
MAGER
WEST DIVISION
SINCI HO*
RADIAN CORPORATION
Process Center
3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park/ NC 27709
ATTN: Winton Kelly
ind of sample Wood
eported to us
mple taken at -----
nple taken by Radian Corp.
Date sampled 4/17/85
Date received 5/24/85
PLEASE ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO-
16130 VAN DRUNEN RD., P.O. BOX 127
SOUTH HOLLAND, IL 60473
OFFICE TEL. (312) 264-1173
TELEX: 283527
May 30/ 1985
Sample identification
by Radian Corp.
Sample Type: 07-WF-02-D
Location: Wood Fuel
Screw Feeder
Date: 4/17/85
Sample No.: 9142
Project #231-056-12-09
P.O. No. V-19098
Analysis report no. 71—07444
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
%Moisture
%Carbon
%Hydrogen
%Nitrogen
%Chlorine
%Sulfur
.-— %Ash
%0xygen(diff)
Btu/lb.
As Rec'd Dry Basis
3.88
51.75
5.57
0.08
0.31
0.12
0.68
37.61
XXXXX
53.84
5.80
0.08
0.32
0.13
0.71
39.12
100.00
8169
100.00
8499
;opy Watermarked
our Protection
Respectfully submitted,
MERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
E-3
U.
David W. Cox, Manager, South Holland Laboratory
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES: 1919 SOUTH HIGHLAND AVE.. SUITE 210-B. LOMBARD, ILLINOIS 6014S • (312) 953-9300
LLOYD W. TAYLOR III
MANAGER
MIDWEST DIVISION
RADIAN CORPORATION
Process Center
3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park/ NC 27709
ATTN: Winton Kelly
PLEASE ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE TC.
16130 VAN DRUNEN RD., P.O. BOX 12!
SOUTH HOLLAND, IL604?I
OFFICE TEL. (312) 264-1171
TELEX: 28352|
Kind of sample
reported to us
Sample taken at
Sample taken by
Wood
Radian Corp.
Date sampled 4/18/85
Date received 5/24/85
May 30, 1985
Sample identification
by Radian Corp.
Sample Type: 07-WF-03-D
Location: Wood Fuel
Screw Conveyo|
Date: 4/18/85
Sample No.: 9141
Project #231-056-12-09
P.O. No. V-19098
Analysis report no. 71-07446
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
As Rec'd
%Moisture
%Carbon
%Hydrogen
%Nitrogen
%Chlorine
%Sulfur
—• %Ash
%0xygen(diff)
Btu/lb.
100.00
8736
Dry Basis
4.40
52.13
5.70
0.08
0.25
0.13
0.60
36.71
XXXXX
54.53
5.96
0.08
0.26
0.14
0.63
38.40
100.00
9138
igmal Copy Watermarked
For Your Protection
Respectfully submitted,
JMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
E-4
u.
David W. Cox, Manager, South Holland Laboratory
Charter Meml
DWC/dS OVER 40 BRANCH LABORATORIES STRATEGICALLY LOCATED IN PRINCIPAL COAL MINING AREAS,
' TinCVUATCR AND rt R P A T I A K F S PORTS AND RIVFR I nAniNH CAPII ITICS
-------
APPENDIX F
TESTING PERSONNEL
-------
-------
TESTING PERSONNEL
Winton Kelly
Bob Jongleux
Jim McReynolds
Dave Savia
Dave P. Dayton
Lee Garcia
Carol Jamgochian
Gary Henry
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Field Engineer
F-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX G
ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONTROL DEVICE
EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
-------
-------
APPENDIX G
ERROR ANALYSIS: CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
Objective:
Let:
Given the analytical uncertainty of the dioxin/furan analyses
(± 50% accuracy), estimate the uncertainty of the control device
efficiency calculations.
Cout meas = the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
out,meas nomologue at the outlet Iocat1on^
in meas
in'meas
out max
'
out min
'
Cin max
'
tne meas"red concentration of a given dioxin/furan
homologue at the inlet location.
the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue given the measured value C ...
out, meas
the m1nimura possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue given the measured value C .
out, meas
the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value C.
Cin min
'
.
in, meas
= the m1n1mum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value C.
in, meas'
the removal efficiency of the control device
Assuming ± 50 percent analytical accuracy:
Cmin = Cmeas ' °'5 Cmeas 3 °'5 Cmeas
Cmax - Cmeas + °'5 Cmeas - l'5 Cmeas
Note that: E
max
"max
in.max " out.min
in,max
1 - ' out.meas
in,meas
'out.min
C.
in,max
1 -
1
- Emeas)
6-1
-------
and:
•rain
in.min " out.max
in,min
1 5 C
1 - out.meas
1 - C
0.5 C
in,meas
out.max
«
'1n,min
- 3 (1 - Emeas>
3 Emeas ' 2
Now,
positive control (i.e., emissions
reduction across the control device)
- 2>
"meas
Therefore, if Emeas is larger than 66.7 percent, the true removal efficiency
can safely be assumed to be greater than zero.
And,
max
negative control (i.e., emissions
increase across the control device)
+ , E
3 meas
< 0
meas
Therefore, if Emeas is less than -200 percent, the true efficiency can safely
be assumed to be-less than zero.
To summarize:
Emeas > 66'7 Percent
positive control
-200 < Emeas < 66.7 percent
Emeas < 20° Percent
no definitive conclusions
can be drawn
no negative control
G-2
-------
TABLE 6.1 VALUES OF Emax and Emin FOR VARIOUS MEASURED CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
Control
meas
100
95
90
85
80
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-100
-200
Device Efficiency (%)
max
100
98.3
96.7
95.0
93.4
91.7
83.4
75.0
66.7
58.4
50.0
33.4
0
min
100
85
70
55
40
25
-50
-125
-200
-275
-350
-500
-800
Emax ' <200 + Emeas)/3
Emin ' 3Emeas ' 20°
G-3
-------
-------
APPENDIX H
SAMPLE SHIPMENT LETTERS
-------
-------
April 19
U. S., EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Building 1105
Bay St. Louis, MS 39529
Attention: Danny McDaniel
Subject: Tier 4 - Analysis Instructions
Site 07
Dear Sir:
The objective o-f this letter is to clarify instructions and
priorities -for individual samples from specific Tier 4 combustion
sites. This instruction letter is No. 7 and pertains to EF'A SitP
No. O7.
The Episode Mo. is 2633, and SCC numbers assigned to th:<=
sits were numbers DQQOQ9O1 through DQGQQ999.
SCC
SCC numbers DQOOO9Oi through DQQOO906 have
been assigned to Troika for internal~QA/QC purooses.
DQQQQ9QZ through DQQQQ929 have been assigned to
samples included in this shipment and number 00000930 have been
assigned to samgles being archived at Radiaru All remaining~SCC
Q!=5£DHers are unused^ ~ ---
Jhe samgie shigment for EPA Site No. O7 consists of 4
boxes containing 65 samgies iQ 63 containers...*. Note- The Mod^ f •>• F>d
Method 5 samgies are corner ised of 6 cgmgonents as ft«?=d
Sel2Wi.Qne . m MM5 samBl.e runs has more than one containe- ~F=r~
EQEBSnent as indicated bv asterisk,.! The "iamgie shig"ment 'was
IQIEEed air freight on Agrii 2Q j.1985 bv Federal Exprpss~u.~r^~~~
aicbilUs). No..2S97S342 : --- ~='~
iQltHyctigns for extraction and analysis £ giigw._
I* EciSHity # 1 sarngies include the samgie train cgmgonents^ th =
feaahgyMg dust^ the bgiier bottom ash,. the 'Hboratorv
AErggfitrain giank^ train cgggnents^. and reagent blanks. The-e
ismgies regui,re immediate extraction and analysis^, as follows?
H-l
-------
Radian Run #O7-MM5-BI-01
of 6 trai.n cgmgjgnents.2.
SCC # Component
DQOOQ9Qa
DQOOO90S
00000908
DQOOO90S
BiQQO9QS
DQOO09OS
2*12 containers'
3
4
5
6
# O7-MM5-BO-01
of 6 trai^n
sec
DQ0009O9
DQOOO9O9
DQOO09O9
DgOOO9O9
DQOOO9O9
DQOOO909
Components
1
2
3
4
5
6
Frac.ti.gn
Eiifeer
Rnse
Rins§
XAD Mgdyie
Fracton
Back Haif /Cgii BiD§§
XAD Module
Run f O7-MM5-BI-O2
6 tran
SCC
DQQQO91.S
DQOQQ9i8
DQOOO9ii
DQOOO9ii
DQQOO9ii
DQOO09i§
Cgmegnents
i
2
3
4
5
6
Radian" Run # O7-MM5-BO-O2
i gf. 6 train cgmggnents'
SCC #
Fractn
Haf /Cgii
Cgndensate
XAD Module
Fractign
DQOOO919
DQQQO91.9
DOOOO91.9
2
3
4
BiQ009i9
DQOOO919
Rinse
Back Ha /Cii BiDl§
Sgiytign
XAD Module
H-2
-------
Radian RyQ-t O7-MM5-BI-03
of 6 train cgrn£DgnentsJ_
sec #
DQ000920
DOQOO92Q
00000920
00000920
DQQOO92g
DO00092O
DQOOO921
00000921
DQ000921
DOOOO921
DQOOO921.
D0000921
e_grng.gnents
1
2
^>
4
5
Filter
Ec°be Rinse
Back Half/Cgii Rinse
egndensate
lfflEiD9Er. S
XAD Module
Run # O7-MM5-BQ-O3
g£ 6 train cgrnggnents).
SCC #
Cgmgignents
4
5
6
Fraction
Fter
Rinse
Bacik Half /Cgii Rinse
Cgndensate
Imeinger Solution
XAD Module
Run tt 07-MM5-BI-BL
Ql £ train cgnjgignents).
tt Cgrnegnents
DQOOO917
D0000917
DOQOO91Z
DOOOO91Z
DQOOO917
1
2
3
4
Fraction
Filter
Rinse
Back Half/Cgii Rinse
Qgndensate
X AD~Moduil e
. Run # O7-MM5-BO-BL
of 6 train cgmggnents)_
OQOOQ913
DQOOO93
DQ000913
DOOOO913
DQOOO913
1
2
3
4
5
6
Fraction
Fter
Binse
Back Half/Cgii BiDSg
Cgndensate
IfDEiQSgC Solution
XAD~Module
H-3
-------
CLEANING PROOF TRAIN
-D. EC9Qf. l^i^SQ^^ yQyS^d field samg>iing glassware train
.). The gjiggf tCSi-Q £2QSi§ts of the following f_r.act!gnsj_
SCC # CONTAINER EO£CT1QN
___________ _ ______
DQOOQ9O7 2. ESQEE RINSE
DQOO09Q7 3 dilHYLENE CHLORIDE RINSE
OF PROBEj. FILJER HOUSING,,.
QQILj. SQRBENT MQDUl=i.LAND
1MPINGERS
REAGENT BLANKS
DQQQQ2i§ O7-ACEIQNErFBL-A Acetone
00000929 QZ^HiO^FBL^A HPLC Water
iiQOO927 Q7-MeCL-FBL-A Methylene Chloride
AGHOUSE DUST
SCC # Sample Type
DQOO09J.2 I^ghgyse Dust^Run # 1
DQOOO91.6*^2 containers). l^gtlSyse Dustj. Run tt 2
DQOOO926*li containers), l^ghgyse Dustj. Run # 3
BOILER BOTTOM ASH-PROCESS SAMPLE
SCC tt SAMPLE
DQOO09ii Boiler Bottgrn Ash IPrimarv ChamberlRun 1
DQOO0922 Boiler Bottom Ash ISecgndary ChaniberlRun 1
DQQQO9I5 4 Boiler Bottom Ash. - Run 2
DQOO0924 igiier Bottom Ash IPrimary Chamberl Run 3
DOOO0925 Boiler Bottom Ash ISecgndary Chamber)_Run 3
2-_ The Priority g 2 sameles are wood fuel ..These samgies should
be held by for analysis by TRCHKA Blowing the results g£ Er.igr.ity
i§±.
SCC # Samgle
DQO0091.O WgQd FueiARun i
DQOQO9i4 Wggd Fuel Run 2
DQQOO923 Wggd Fuel Run 3
4
H-4
-------
samD.l.e i.s the gnl.y Pri.gri.ty #3 sam|3l.e._ I.t wi.1.1.
be hel^d by Radi.an for anal.ysi.s by Irgi.ka Eendi.ng the results
9f Ecigcit^ Si SQd Pclgcifey #2 sample
07-S-A
sec #
DSQQ0930
If there
Soils
contact ei.ther WiQtgn Kel.l.y gr Bob <2gngl.eux at Radian
Cgregratign 1219). 4SirQ2i2 or
TEST/^TEAM LBADER
Radian Field File RTP/PP
H-5
-------
-------
April 26, 198J
Dr. Douglas Kuehl
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, Minnesota 55SO4
Dear Dr. Kuehl,
Enclosed are the ash samples you requested through William B
Kuykendal, EPA/OAQPS-RTP in the August 16 ,1984 letter to Andrew
Miles/Radian Corporation. The ash samples were collected 'at
SITE(S) 07 and OS of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study.
Site O7 is a wood-fired Dutch oven boiler with a multi-
cyclone/baghouse emissions control system. Site 07 ash samples
were collected at two locations, the baghouse dust hopper and the
boiler bottom ash pit. The baghouse dust was collected at the
spill paint into the dust collection hopper, and the boiler
bottom ash was collsc-ted as it was raked daily from the ash pit.
Both of these materials are ultimately disposed of in a landfill.
The samples are composites of samples collected daily during
each o-f J-hrw* t«*«t. rurta *t Site 07. The samples are labeled as
follows:
1. SITE 07 BAGHOUSE DUST
Radian Sample Code:O7-BD
Field # ST-5S
Sample description: Composite
SITE 07 BOILER BOTTOM ASH
Baghouse Dust
Radian Sample Code:
Field tt ST-57
Sample description:
07-BBA
Composite Bailer Bottom Ash
Site OS was a black liquor recovery boiler with a dry bottom
electrostatic, precipator for particulate emission control. A
single Site OS ash sample was collected from the screw conveyor
laading from the electrostatic precipitator .dust collection
hopper. This material is commpletely recycled back into the
process, except. for a small portion that is emitted into the
atmosphere from the electrostatic precipitator. There is no other
type of ash associated with a black liquor recovery boiler. The
sample was collected during the third (final) test run at Site
OS. The sample is labeled as follows:
H-7
-------
SITE 08 ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR CATCH
Radian Sample Code:OS-EPC-B
Field # TA-107
Sample .description: Electrostatic precipitator catch
(salt cake)
The containers for samples'-From Site O7 and OS were prepared as
detailed in the "National Dioxin Study Tier 4 -Combustion
Sources, Quality Assurance Project Plan". This report is an
appendix to the site speci-fic test plans -for Sites O7 and OS
which will be enclosed under separate cover to suppy additional
information you may require concerning these samplesl
I-f you have any questions concerning this sample shipment, please
contact either Andrew Miles or Winton Kelly at Radian
Corporation at (919)-541-910O.
Sincerely,
Robert/'F
Test T
cc.Tier 4 -Fi^e
A. Miles
W. Kuykendal-EPA
H-8
-------
APPENDIX I
DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR
GASEOUS SAMPLES
-------
-------
TABLE 1-1. DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 TRAINS
(Baghouse Inlet Location)
Isomer/Homologue
Dioxins
2378-TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
TOTAL PCDD
Furans
2378-TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
TOTAL PCDF ""
Amount Detected.
Run 01
»b
17,500
--
18,000
33,200
32.100
100,800
--
109,050
17,200
11,900
4,800
ND H1.6)c
142,950
Picoarams
Run 02
1,300
30,600
35,950
35,900
28,500
6.900
139,150
8,100
152,000
58,050
20,700
8,900
900
248,650
Per Sample Train4
Run 03
1,100
42,750
40,300
40,850
22,900
6.000
153,900
8,000
164,450
58,150
23,550
7,700
800
262,650
aSee Section 8.3.2 for a discussion of quality assurance/quality control
results for these analyses.
Not reported.
Not detected at specified minimum limit of detection.
1-1
-------
TABLE 1-2. DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 TRAINS
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Isomer/Homologue
Dioxi'ns
2378-TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
TOTAL PCDD
Furans
2378-TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
TOTAL PCDF -—
Amount Detected.
Run 01
200
46,250
58,900
60,550
33,000
9.400
208,300
1,300
32,900
22,600
14,200
6,000
1,200
78,200
Picoarams
Run 02
300
70,750
64,700
66,000
49,850
12.600
264,200
2,000
57,400
33,850
22,700
10,450
850
127,250
Per Sample Train3
Run 03
-
300
24,250
19,450
19,950
30,200
10.300
104,450
1,800
21,450
12,800
3,500
3,200
600
43,350
See Section S.3.2 for a discussion of quality assurance/quality control
results for these analyses.
1-2
-------
APPENDIX J
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
0-1 Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(As-Measured Concentrations)
J-2 Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
-------
-------
APPENDIX J-l
Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(As-Measured Concentrations)
J-l
-------
-------
TABLE J-l. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer
In Flue Gas In
(ng/dscm)
Concentration
Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD .
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
ND
4.78E+00
ND
4.92E+00(
9.07E+00(
8.77E+00(
2.75E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND
3.57E-01
ND
3.03E-01(
5.13E-01(
4.59E-01(
1.63E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( N/A
3.56E+02
ND ( N/A
3,
6.
6.
66E+02
76E+02
53E+02
2.05E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
,98E+01(
,70E+00(
,25E+00(
1.31E+00(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 3.17E+00)
3.91E+01
ND (
2.34E+00(
3.33E-01(
2.09E-01(
7.71E-02(
ND (
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.72E-01)
ND ( N/A
2.22E+03
3.50E+02
2.42E+02
9.77E+01
ND ( 2.36E+02)
2.96E+00 2.91E+03
NOTE:
ND
N/A
ng
ug
PPt
Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
moJhnHPJlCa£-?-?-en th!! V*'"es are P°s1t1ve- QA samples indicate the
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts peis-^rillion, dry volume basis
«« r — -—•—. ff ^f •- wiiitiwii* vi I i
8760 operating hours per year
J-3
-------
TABLE J-2. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
3.70E-OK
8.72E+00(
1.02E+01(
1.02E+01(
8.12E+00(
1.97E+00(
3.96E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.77E-02(
6.51E-01(
6.92ET01!
6.29E-01I
4.60E-01(
1.03E-01(
2.56E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
\ "/" /
( N/A )
( N/A )
2.59E+01
6.09E+02
7.16E+02
7.15E+02
5.68E+02
1.37E+02
2.77E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.31E+00(
4.33E+01
•65E+01
.90E+00
.54E+00
2.56E-01(
7.08E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3,
1
40E+00(
17E+00(
3.78E-01(
.49E-01(
.39E-02(
5.30E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.61E+02
3.
1
.03E+03
•16E+03
4.12E+02
1.77E+02
1.79E+01
4.95E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable when the values are positive. QA samples indicate the
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts pep-trillion, dry volume basis
ND
N/A
ng
ug
PPt . .
8760 operating hours per year
0-4
-------
TABLE J-3. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer "Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
•Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
3.18E-01I
1.24E+01I
1.16E+01I
18E+01(
6.62E+00(
1.73E+00(
4.45E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.38E-02(
9.23E-01(
7.87E-01(
7.26E-01(
3.75E-01(
9.07E-02(
2.93E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.21E+01
8.59E+02
8.09E+02
8.21E+02
4.60E+02
1.21E+02
3.09E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.31E+00(
4.75E+01(
1.68E+01(
6.81E+00(
2.23E+00(
2.31E-01(
7.59E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
) 1.82E-01(
74E+00(
19E+00(
4.37E-01(
1.31E-OH
1.25E-02(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.61E+02
3.30E+03
1.17E+03
4.73E+02
1.55E+02
1.61E+01
5.69E+00 5.28E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND =
N/A -
ng *>
ug =
ppt
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable when the values are positive. QA samples indicate the
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per-trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
J-5
-------
TABLE J-4. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
6.01E-02(
1.39E+01(
1.77E+01(
1.82E+01(
9.91E+00(
2.82E+00(
6.26E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.49E-03(
.04E+00(
,20E+00(
.12E+00(
5.61E-(
1.48E-C
4.06E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.48E+00
1.04E+03
1.32E+03
1.36E+03
7.40E+02
2.11E+02
4.67E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
3.90E-01(
9.88E+00(
6.79E+00(
4.26E+00(
1.80E+00(
3.60E-01(
2.35E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.07E-02
7.77E-01
4.80E-01
2.74E-01
1.06E-01(
1.95E-02(
1.69E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.91E+01
7.37E+02
5.07E+02
3.18E+02
1.34E+02
2.69E+01
1.75E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable when the values are positive. QA samples indicate the
method'capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
J-6
-------
TABLE J-5. DIdXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isotner
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
OIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
8.80E-02
2.07E+01
1.90E+01
1.94E+01(
1.46E+01(
3.70E+00(
7.75E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.57E-03(
55E+00(
28E+00(
19E+00(
8.27E-OK
1.93E-01!
5.05E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
( N/A )
( N/A )
6.38E+00
1.50E+03
1.37E+03
1.40E+03
1.06E+03
2.68E+02
5.61E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
5.87E-01(
1.68E+OH
9.93E+00(
6.66E+00(
3.06E+00(
2.49E-01(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.61E-02(
1.32E+00(
7.02E-01(
4.27E-01(
1.80E-01(
1.35E-02(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.25E+01
1,
7.
.22E+03
.19E+02
4.82E+02
2.22E+02
1.81E+01
3-73E+01 2.69E+00 2.70E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
NO
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
mpJhn5Pi!naM?<^en th5 Val-es are P°s1t1ve- QA samples indicate the
method-capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
. _ ..... _..7
8760 operating hours per yea/
0-7
-------
TABLE J-6. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS '
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
9.38E-02(
7.
6.
.58E+00(
.08E+00(
6.23E+00(
9.44E+00(
3.22E+00(
3.26E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.00E-03(
5.66E-01(
4.11E-01(
3.84E-01(
5.34E-01(
1.68E-01(
2.07E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.60E+00
5.34E+02
4.28E+02
4.39E+02
6.64E+02
2.27E+02
2.30E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
5.63E-01
6.70E+00
4.00E+00
1.09E+00
1.00E+00(
1.88E-01(
1.35E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.42E-02(
5.27E-OH
2.83E-01
7.02E-02
5.88E-02
1.02E-02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.96E+01
4.72E+02
2.82E+02
7.70E+01
7.04E+01
1.32E+01
9.93E-01 9.54E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ND
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
™thn
method
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
th5 V?lues are P°sitive. QA samples indicate the
and minimum limits of detection.
8760 operating hours per year
0-8
-------
APPENDIX J-2
Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
J-9
-------
-------
TABLE J-7. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location, Concentrations Corrected
to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
'Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
NO (
,12E+01(
ND (
,15E+01(
,12E+01(
,05E+01(
6.44E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND (
8.35E-01(
ND (
7.07E-01(
1.20E+00(
1.07E+00(
3.81E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( N/A
3.56E+02
ND ( N/A
3.66E+02
6.76E+02
6.53E+02
2.05E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
6.97E+01(
7.
3,
60E+00(
07E-i-00(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 7.41E+00)
9.13E+01
ND (
.48E+00(
,77E-01(
4.88E-01(
1.80E-01(
ND (
5.
7.
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
4.01E-01)
6.92E+00
ND ( N/A )
2.22E+03
3.50E+02
2.42E+02
9.77E+01
ND ( 2.36E+02)
2.91E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND
N/A
"9
ug
ppt
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable when the values are positive. QA samples indicate the
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g,—-
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
0-11
-------
TABLE J-8. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location, Concentrations Corrected
to 3% Oxygen)
Diaxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
9.39E-01(
2.21E+01(
2.60E+01(
2.59E+01(
2.06E+01(
4.98E+00(
1.01E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.01E-02(
1.65E+00(
1.75E+00(
1.60E+00(
' 17E+00(
61E-01(
1
2,
6.50E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.59E+01
6.09E+02
7.16E+02
7.15E+02
5.68E+02
1.37E+02
2.77E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
5,
1,
85E+00(
10E+02(
4.19E+01(
1.50E+01(
6.43E+00(
6.50E-01(
1.80E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.60E-01(
8.63E+00
2.97E+00
9.59E-01
3.78E-01
3.52E-02
1.34E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.61E+02
3.03E+03
1.16E+03
4.12E+02
1.77E+02
1.79E+01
4.95E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND
N/A
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable when the values are positive. QA samples indicate the
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g-—
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
ng
ug
J-12
-------
TABLE J-9. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location, Concentrations Corrected
to 3% Oxygen)
Oioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer .Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen) (ppt (? 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
8.06E-01(
3.13E+01(
2.95E+01(
2.99E+01(
1.68E+01(
4.40E+00(
1.13E+02
5.86E+00(
1.20E+02(
4.26E+01(
1.73E+01{
5.64E+00(
5.86E-01(
1.92E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
)
)
)
)
)
)
6.02E-02(
2.34E+00(
2.00E+00(
1.84E+00(
9.50E-01(
2.30E-01(
7.42E+00
4.61E-01(
9.47E+00{
3.01E+00(
3.*32E-01(
3.18E-02(
1.44E+01
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
2.21E+01
8.59E+02
8.09E+02
8.21E+02
4.60E+02
1.21E+02
3.09E+03
1.61E+02
3.30E+03
1.17E+03
4.73E+02
1.55E+02
1.61E+01
5.28E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NO =
N/A =
ng =
ug =
ppt
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
mpthoHPilnaS-?-?-en th! V^es are P°sitive- QA samples indicate the
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g--~"
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
J-13
-------
TABLE J-10.
DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE WFB-A
CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3% OXYGEN
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen) (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug.hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD 2.12E-01( N/A
Other TCDD 4.90E+01( N/A
Penta-CDD 6.24E+01( N/A
Hexa-CDD 6.42E+01( N/A
Hepta-CDD 3.50E+01( N/A
Octa-CDD 9.96E+00( N/A
Total PCDD 2.21E+02
FURANS
2378 TCDF 1.38E+00( N/A
Other TCDF 3.49E+01( N/A
Penta-CDF 2.40E+01( N/A
Hexa-CDF 1.51E+01( N/A
Hepta-CDF 6.36E+00( N/A
Octa-CDF 1.27E+00( N/A ;
Total PCDF 8.29E+01
) 1.58E-02( N/A
1 3.66E+00( N/A
I 4.22E+00( N/A
1 3.95E+00( N/A
i 1.98E+00( N/A
) 5.21E-01( N/A
1.43E+01
1.08E-01( N/A
2.74E+00 N/A
1.69E+00 N/A
9.65E-01 N/A
3.74E-01 N/A
6.89E-02( N/A ]
5.95E+00
) 4.48E+00
1 1.04E+03
1 1.32E+03
1 1.36E+03
1 7.40E+02
) 2.11E+02
4.67E+03
2.91E+01
7.37E+02
5.07E+02
3.18E+02
1 1.34E+02
\ 2.69E+01
1.75E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
D9n s !lot detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - Not applicable when the values are positive. QA samples indicate the
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
J-14
-------
TABLE J-ll.
DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE WFB-A
CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3% OXYGEN
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm 9 3% oxygen) (ppt 0 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.73E-01(
6.44E+01(
5.89E+01(
6.01E+01(
4.54E+01(
2.40E+02
1.82E+00(
5.22E+01(
3.08E+01(
2.07E+01(
9.51E+00(
7.74E-01(
1.16E+02
N/A t
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A )
N/A ]
N/A
N/A ]
N/A ]
N/A )
> 2.04E-02
4.81E+00
3.98E+00
3.70E+00
2.57E+00
S.OOE-Oli
1.57E+01
1.43E-01(
4.11E+OOI
2.18E+OOJ
1.33E+00(
5.59E-01(
4.19E-02(
8.36E+00
[ N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
6.38E+00
1.50E+03
1.37E+03
1.40E+03
1.06E+03
2.68E+02
5.61E+03
4.25E+01
1.22E+03
7.19E+02
4.82E+02
2.22E+02
1.81E+01
2.70E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NO
N/A
"9
ug
PPt
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
mPthnHPJa1Cah-?-^en th! Values are P°sitive. QA samples indicate the
mej£od capabilities ar>d minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
• • i . - _ r — . "••••iviiy \JH A
8760 operating hours per year
J-15
-------
TABLE J-12.
DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE WFB-A
CONCENTRATIONS CORRECTED TO 3% OXYGEN
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm 0 3% oxygen) (ppt 0 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD 3.52E-01( N/A
Other TCDD 2.84E+01( N/A
Penta-CDD 2.28E+01( N/A
Hexa-CDD 2.34E+01( N/A
Hepta-CDD 3.54E+01( N/A
Octa-CDD 1.21E+01( N/A
Total PCDD 1.22E+02
FURANS
2378 TCDF 2.11E+00( N/A
Other TCDF 2.51E+01J N/A
Penta-CDF 1.50E+01( N/A
Hexa-CDF 4.10E+00( N/A
Hepta-CDF 3.75E+00( N/A
Octa-CDF 7.03E-01( N/A
Total PCDF 5.08E+01
) 2.63E-02(
) 2.12E+00(
) 1.54E+00(
) 1.44E+00(
) 2.00E+00(
) 6.31E-01(
7.76E+00
) 1.66E-OK
) 1.98E+00
) 1.06E+00
) 2.63E-01
) 2.21E-01
) . 3.81E-02
3.72E+00
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected
ND » not detected (detection
N/A = Not applicable when the
method capabilities and
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt - parts per trillion, dry
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
to 3%
)
i
)
)
oxygen .
limit in parentheses).
values are positive. QA samples
minimum limits of detection.
volume basis
6.60E+00
5.34E+02
4.28E+02
4.39E+02
6.64E+02
2.27E+02
2.30E+03
3.96E+01
4.72E+02
2.82E+02
7.70E+01
7.04E+01
1.32E+01
9.54E+02
indicate the
8760 operating hours per year
0-16
-------
APPENDIX K
RUN-SPECIFIC RISK MODELING INPUT DATA
-------
-------
TABLE K-l. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 1, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF.
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
.Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
ND ( N/A )
4.78E+00
ND ( N/A )
2.98E+01
ND ( N/A )
4.70E+00
4.92E+00
3.25E+00
9.07E+00
1.31E+00
8.77E+00
ND ( 3.17E+00)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
ND ( N/A )
3.56E+02
ND (N/A )
2.22E+03
ND ( N/A )
3.50E+02
3.66E+02
2.42E+02
6.76E+02
9.77E+01
6.53E+02
ND ( 2.36E+02)
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
ND ( N/A )
3. 12E+01
ND ( N/A )
1.94E+01
* • WT^fc. * Wi
ND ( N/A )
3.07E+02
1.28E+02
2.12E+01
5.92E+00
8.56E-01
.OOE+00
ND ( .OOE+00)
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
5.14E+02
ND =
N/A =
ng «
ug -
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure
8760 operating hours per year
K-l
-------
TABLE K-2. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 2, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
Relative
Potency
Factor
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
3.70E-01
8.72E+00
2.31E+00
4.33E+01
1.02E+01
1.65E+01
1.02E+01
5.90E+00
8.12E+00
2.54E+00
1.97E+00
2.56E-01
2.59E+01
6.09E+02
1.61E+02
03E+03
16E+02
16E+03
15E+02
12E+02
68E+02
1.77E+02
1.37E+02
1.79E+01
1
.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2.27E+02
5.34E+01
1.41E+02
65E+01
.14E+03
.01E+03
.51E+02
.61E+01
.97E+00
.55E+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
4.89E+03
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure
8760 operating hours per year
K-2
-------
TABLE K-3. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 3, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Inlet Location)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
Relative
Potency
Factor
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
'Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
3.18E-01
1.24E+01
2.31E+00
4.75E+01
1.16E+01
1.68E+01
1.18E+01
6.81E+00
6.62E+00
2.23E+00
1.73E+00
2.31E-01
2.21E+01
8.59E+02
1.61E+02
3.30E+03
8.09E+02
1.17E+03
8.21E+02
4.73E+02
4.60E+02
1.55E+02
1.21E+02
1.61E+01
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
1.94E+02
7.52E+01
1.41E+02
2.89E+01
3.55E+03
1.02E+03
2.88E+02
4.14E+01
4.03E+00
1.35E+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
5.34E+03
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year «»auic.
K-3
-------
TABLE K-4. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 1, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Latitude - 47 12 26
Longitude - 123 05 47
Stack Height (From Grade Level) = 38.1 m
Stack Diameter (ID) = 3.1 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) = 1244.13 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 491.0 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) = 337.3 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
*
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
6.01E-02
1.39E+01
3.90E-01
9.88E+00
1.77E+01
6.79E+00
1.82E+01
4.26E+00
9.91E+00
1.80E+00
2.82E+00
3.60E-01
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
4.48E+00
1.04E+03
2.91E+01
7.37E-I-02
1.32E+03
5.07E+02
1.36E+03
3.18E+02
7.40E+02
1.34E+02
2.11E+02
2.69E+01
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
3.93E+01
9.08E+01
2.55E+01
6.46E+00
5.78E+03
4.44E+02
4.76E+02
2.79E+01
6.48E+00
1.18E+00
.OOE-t-00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading 6.90E+03
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
C)
""'sphere P~««r.
K-4
-------
TABLE K-5. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 2, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Latitude - 47 12 26
Longitude - 123 05 47 -
Stack Height (From Grade Level) = 38.1 m
Stack Diameter (ID) - 3.1 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) = 1207.83 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature = 503.0 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) - 340.0-mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
8.80E-02
2.07E+01
5.87E-01
1.68E+01
1.90E+01
9.93E+00
1.94E+01
6.66E+00
1.46E+01
3.06E+00
3.70E+00
2.49E-01
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
6.38E+00
1.50E+03
4.25E+01
1.22E+03
1.37E+03
7.19E+02
1.40E+03
4.82E+02
1.06E+03
2.22E+02
2.68E+02
1.81E+01
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
5.58E+01
1.32E+02
3.72E+01
1.07E+01
6.02E+03
6.30E+02
4.91E+02
4.23E+01
9.28E+00
1.95E+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading 7.43E+03
NO =
N/A =>
ng =
ug =
mg =
not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
K-5
-------
TABLE K-6. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 3, SITE WFB-A
(Baghouse Outlet Location)
Latitude - 47 12 26
Longitude - 123 05 47
Stack Height (From Grade Level) = 38.1 m
Stack Diameter (ID) = 3.1 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) - 1173.39 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 497.1 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) = 312.6 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
•
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
9.38E-02
7.58E+00
5.63E-01
6.70E+00
6.08E+00
4.00E+00
6.23E+00
1.09E+00
9.44E+00
l.OOE+00
3.22E+00
1.88E-01
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
6.60E+00
5.34E+02
3.96E+01
4.72E+02
4.28E+02
2.82E+02
4.39E+02
7.70E+01
6.64E+02
7.04E+01
2.27E+02
1.32E+01
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
5.78E+01
4.67E+01
3.47E+01
4.13E+00
1.87E+03
2.47E+02
1.54E+02
6.75E+00
5.82E+00
6.17E-01
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading 2.43E+03
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
C)
at»,ph.r. pressure,
K-6
-------
APPENDIX L
COMPOUND-SPECIFIC PRECURSOR RESULTS
-------
-------
TABLE L-l. COMPOUND-SPECIFIC DIOXIN PRECURSOR
DATA FOR SITE WFB-A FEED SAMPLES
Precursor
Compounds
Precursor Concentration. ua/gToDrnT
Wood Feed Samples
Run 1
Run 3
Base Neutrals Fraction
Chlorinated Benzenes:
Dichlorobenzenes
Trichlorobenzenes
Tetrachlorobenzenes
Pentachlorobenzenes
Hexachlorobenzenes
Total Chlorinated Benzenes
Chlorinated Biphenyls:
Chlorobiphenyls
Dichlorobiphenyls
TriChlorobiphenyls
Tetrachlorobi phenyls
Pentachlorobi phenyls
Hexachlorobi phenyls
Keptachlorobi phenyls
Octachlorobi phenyls
Nonachlorobi phenyl s
Decachlorobi phenyls
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls
0, 0
0, 0
0, 0
0, 0
Acids Fraction
Chlorinated Phenols:
Dichlorophenols
Trichlorophenols
Tetrachloropheols
Pentachlorophenols
Total Chlorinated Phenols
0, 0
L-l
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-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-450/4-84-014p
3. RECSPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
National Dioxin Study Tier 4
Final Test Report - Site 7
Wood Fired Boiler WFB - A
- Combustion Sources
5. REPORT DATE
April 1987
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Lawrence E. Keller, Martha H. Keating,
Carol L. Jamgochian
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
87-222-109-02-23
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADORES
Radian Corporation
Post Office Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-03-3148
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Project Officers: Donald Oberacker, ORD
William B. Kuykendal, OAQPS
16. ABSTRACT ~~ "
This report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan emissions test of a wood-
fired boiler equipped with a fabric filter system for particulate emissions control.
The boiler combusts a combination of bark, hogged wood, sawdust, and green and dry
planer shavings. This test is the seventh in a series of emission tests conducted
under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The primary objective of tier 4 is to
determine if various combustion devices are sources of dioxin and/or furan emissions.
If any of the combustion sources are found to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary
ojective of Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions.
Wood-fired boilers are one of eight combustion device categories that have been
tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested boiler, hereafter referred to as Boiler
WFB-A, was selected for this test after an initial information screening and a 1-day
pretest survey. The logs which are processed at the plant are stored in a salt water
body adjacent to the plant. Thus, the feed to Boiler WFB-A has a higher inorganic
chloride content than the feed to most wood-fired boilers. Boiler WFB-A is considered
representative of those wood-fired boilers in the United States firing salt-laden
wood.
Data presented in the report include dioxin (tetra through octa homologue +2378
TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa homologue +2378 TCDF) results for both stack
samples and ash samples. In addition, process data collected during sampling are also
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Emissions
Combustion Sources
Dioxin
Furans
2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Wood-Fired Boiler
Air Pollution Emissions
Data
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (Tilts Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
350
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page!
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4—77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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