TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions an the reverse before completing)
EPA-450/4-84-014r
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources
Final Test Report - Site 9
Carbon Regeneration Furnace CRF - A
5. REPORT DATE
April 1987
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Carol L. Jamgochian, Lawrence E. Keller
Winton Kelly
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
87-231-056-12-43
Radian Corporation
Post Office Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-3850
. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
REPORT
Final
. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA Project Officers: Donald Oberacker, ORD
William B. Kuykendal, OAQPS
The Environmental Protection Agency is assessing the potential for the emissions
of dioxin/furans from combustion sources under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. If
any of the combustion sources are found to emit dioxins, the secondary purpose of the
Tier 4 study is to quantify these emissions and, if possible, related the emissions to
combustion parameters.
Carbon regeneration furnaces are 1 of 8 source categories that have been included
in the field test program. Carbon regeneration furnaces reactive spent carbon from
industrial or municipal water treatment facilities. The spent carbon may contain
adsorbed chlorinated compounds.
This report presents the results of an emission test program conducted by Radian
during May 28-31, 1985, at an industrial carbon regeneration furnace designated as Site
CRF-A. The furnace was selected after an initial information screening and a pretest
survey visit. This facility is considered representative of other carbon regeneration
furnaces in the United States. Furnace CRF-A regenerates spent carbon from more than
20 plants that use activated carbon for industrial wastewater treatment.
Data presented in- the report include dioxin (tetra through octa homologue +2378
TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa homologue +2378 TCDF) results for both stack samples
and ash samples. In addition, process data collected during sampling are also
presented.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Emissions
Combustion Sources
Dioxin
Furans
2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Carbon Regeneration Furnace
Air Pollution Emissions
Data
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMEN1
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report>
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
312
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page>
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Fofm 2220-1 (R«r. 4—77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TABLE K-3 BAGHO.USE OUTLET EXHAUST STACK RISK MODELING
PARAMETERS FOR RUN 3, SITE CRF-A
Latitude = 40 29 32
Longitude - 80 04 39
Stack Height (From Grade Level) =
Stack Diameter (ID) - 1.2 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard)
Flue Gas Exit Temperature * 440.3 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) = 897.4 mpm
22.5 m
428.5 dscmm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
ND ( 4.61E-02)
6.91E-02
ND ( 9.22E-02) .
3.23E-01 -
ND ( 1.15E-01)
ND ( 1.15E-01)
2.07E-01
1.84E-01
2.30E-01
1.61E-01
2.30E-01
2.53E-01
Isomer Hourly 1
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
ND ( 1.18E+00)
1.78E+00
ND ( 2.37E+00)
8.29E+00
ND ( 2.96E+00)
ND ( 2.96E+00)
5.33E+00
4.74E+00
5.92E+00
4.15E+00
5.92E+00
6.52E+00
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
ND ( 1.04E+01)
1.56E-01
ND ( 2.08E+00)
7.27E-02
ND ( 1.30E+01)
ND ( 2.59E+00)
1.87E+00
4.15E-01
5.19E-02
3.63E-02
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading 2.60E+00
•
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = detection limit not available
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
Standard'conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
K-3
-------
TABLE K-2. BAGHOUSE OUTLET EXHAUST STACK RISK MODELING
PARAMETERS FOR RUN 2, SITE CRF-A
Latitude = 40 29 32
Longitude = 80 04 39
Stack Height (From Grade Level) = 22.5 m
Stack Diameter (ID) = 1.2 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) = 366.9 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature » 446.5 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) = 786.7 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
ND ( 5.29E-02)
NO ( 7.94E-02)
ND ( 1.59E-01)
5.29E-01
1.32E-01
2.91E-01
3.17E-01
2.12E-01
3.44E-01
2.12E-01
2.91E-01
1.32E-01
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
ND ( 1.16E+00)
ND ( 1.75E+00)
ND ( 3.49E+00)
1.16E+01
2.91E+00
6.41E+00
6.99E+00
4.66E+00
7.57E+00
4.66E+00
6.41E+00
2.91E+00
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
ND ( 1.02E+01)
ND ( 1.53E-01)
ND ( 3.06E+00)
1.02E-01
1.28E+01
5.61E+00
2.45E+00
4.08E-01
6.63E-02
4.08E-02
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
2.14E+01
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = detection limit not available
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
mg = 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
K-2
-------
Latitude - 40 29 32
Longitude - 80 04 39
Stack Height (From Grade Level)
Stack Diameter (ID) - 1.2m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard)
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 444.0 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) =745.2 mpm
22.5 m
353.7 dscmm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
. (ng/dscm)
ND ( 1.79E-01)
5.87E-01
ND ( 1.53E-01)
5.36E-01
3.83E-01
1.53E-01
6.12E-01
2.81E-01
4.59E-01
3.32E-01
4.08E-01
2.30E-01
Isomer Hourly 1
Emissions 1
Rate
(ug/hr)
ND ( 3.79E+00)
1.25E+01
ND ( 3.25E+00)
1.14E+01
8.12E+00
3.25E+00
1.30E+01
5.96E+00
9.75E+00
7.04E+00
8.66E+00
4.87E+00
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
NO ( 3.32E+01)
1.09E+00
ND ( 2.85E+00)
9.96E-02
3.56E+01
2.85E+00
4.55E+00
5.22E-01
8.54.E-02
6.17E-02
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
Standard-conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
K-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX K
Run-specific Risk Modeling Input Data
-------
TABLE J-2. HOMOLOGUE DISTRIBUTION AT THE OUTLET AT SITE CRF-A
HOMOLOGUE
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
RUN
MASS
0
0.2396
0.1563
0.25
0.1875
0.1667
0
0.35
0.1
0.1833
0.2167
0.15
HOMOLOGUE
01
MOLE
0
0.2834
0.1671
0.2435
0.168
0.138
0
0.4093
0.1053
0.175
0.1896
0.1209
RUN
MASS
0
0
0.122
0.2927
0.3171
0.2683
0
0.3846
0.2115
0.1538
0.1538
0.0962
FRACTION
02
MOLE
0
0
0.1415
0.3093
0.3082
0.241
0
0.4361
0.2159
0.1423
0.1305
0.0751
RUN
MASS
0
0.0937
0
0.2813
0.3125
0.3125
0
0.35
0
0.2
0.175
0.275
03
MOLE
0
0.1201
0
0.2966
0.3032
0.2801
0
0.4198
0
0.1958
0.1571
0.2273
0-2
-------
TABLE J-l. HOMOLOGUE DISTRIBUTION AT THE INLET AT SITE CRF-A
HOMOLOGUE
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
RUN
MASS
0.002
0.0352
0.0772
0.2307
0.304
0.3509
0.0209
0.2838
0.2045
0.2427
0.1699
0.0781
HOMOLOGUE
01
MOLE
0.0025
0.0455
0.0904
0.2458
0.298
0.3178
0.024
0.3271
0.2121
0.2282
0.1465
0.062
RUN
MASS
0.0023
0.0409
0.0222
0.1367
0.2956
0.5023
0.0208
0.3083
0.167
0.2186
0.1983
0.087
FRACTION
02
MOLE
0.0031
0.0544
0.0267
0.1498
0.298
0.468
0.024
0.356
0.1735
0.206
0.1713
0.0692
RUN
MASS
0.0058
0.2
0.1626
0.236
0.2576
0.1381
0.0182
0.2735
0.2445
0.2215
0.1748
0.0675
03
MOLE
0.0069
0.2384
0.1753
0.2316
0.2326
0.1152
0.0209
0.3144
0.253
0.2079
0.1504
0.0535
J-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX J
Run-specific Homologue Distributions
-------
-------
TABLE I.I VALUES OF E and E_._ FOR VARIOUS MEASURED CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
•max
Control
me as
100
95
90
85
80
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-100
-200
Device Efficiency (%)
max
100
98.3
96.7
95.0
93.4
91.7
83.4
75.0
66.7
58.4
50.0
33.4
0
Emin
100
85
70
55
40
25
-50
-125
-200
-275
-350
-500
-800
Emax ' <200 + Emeas>/3
Emin ' 3Emeas ' 20°
1-3
-------
and:
min
r - c
in.min out.max
C.
in,mm
1 - out.meas
in,meas
1 - C
out.max
»
'in,min
- 3
- Emeas>
min meas
Now,
» «
positive control (i.e., emissions
reduction across the control device)
' 2>
meas
>2/3
Therefore, if £_,,_ is larger than 66.7 percent, the true removal efficiency
iHG-dS
can safely be assumed to be greater than zero.
And,
max
negative control (i.e., emissions
increase across the control device)
V, + V
3 meas
< 0
meas < " •
Therefore, if Em_,c is less than -200 percent, the true efficiency can safely
TTlcaS
be assumed to be less than zero.
To summarize:
Emeas > 66'7 percent
positive control
-200 < Ema,c < 66.7 percent
Emeas < 20° percent
no definitive conclusions
can be drawn
no negative control
1-2
-------
APPENDIX I
ERROR ANALYSIS: CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
Objective: Given the analytical uncertainty of the dioxin/furan analyses
(± 50% accuracy), estimate the uncertainty of the control device
efficiency calculations.
' Let- C s the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
out,meas homologue at the outlet location.
C = the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
in,meas homologue at the inlet location.
C - the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
out,max furan homologue given the measured value "
'out,min
r
in,max
Cin,min
the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue given the measured value
the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value Ci
the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value Ci
E - the removal efficiency of the control device
Assuming ± 50 percent analytical accuracy:
cmin 3 Cmeas ' °'5 Cmeas ' °'5 C
meas
Cmax 3 Cmeas + °*5 Cmeas " 1<5 C
meas
Note that: E,
max
Cin.max " out.min. =
in,max
- C
out.min
r
in,max
E » 1 - °'5 cout.meas - 1
max -i c r
1-a uin,meas
meas'
/ + / E
meas
1-1
-------
-------
APPENDIX I
Error Analysis of Control Device Efficiency Calculations
-------
TABLE H-12.
SPRAY COOLER INLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% 02)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.44E-01(
5.02E+00(
4.08E+00(
5.92E+00(
6.46E+00(
3.46E+00(
2.51E+01
1.52E+00(
2.28E+01(
2.04E+01(
1.85E+01(
1.46E+01(
5.63E+00(
8.34E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
shown
)
1
)
)
)
are
1
3
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
3
5
.08E-02(
.75E-01J
.76E-01(
.64E-01(
.66E-01(
.81E-01(
.57E+00
.19E-01(
.79E+00(
.44E+00(
.19E+00(
.57E-01(
.05E-01(
.70E+00
corrected
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A ,
) 1
! !
I 5
I 6
) 3
2
1
2
2
1
1
I 5
8
.44E+00
.OOE+01
.07E+01
.90E+01
.44E+01
.46E+01
.50E+02
.51E+01
.28E+02
.03E+02
.84E+02
.45E+02
.62E+01
.32E+02
to 3% oxygen.
ND = Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trill ion, dry volume basis
and
8760 operating hours per year
H-12
-------
TABLE H-ll.
SPRAY COOLER INLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% 02)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen) (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
6.12E-02(
1.07E+00?
5.82E-01(
3.58E+00(
7.75E+00(
, 1.32E+01(
2.62E+01
1.44E+00(
2.14E+OH
1.16E+01(
1.52E+OK
1.37E+OH
6.03E+00(
6.93E+01
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A • )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
4.58E-03(
8.01E-02(
3.93E-02(
2.20E-01(
4.39E-01(
6.89E-01(
1.47E+00
1.13E-01(
1.68E+00(
8.19E-01(
9.72E-OK
8.09E-OK
3.27E-01(
4.72E+00
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
7.31E-01
1.28E+01
6.95E+00
4.28E+01
9.25E+01
1.57E+02
3.13E+02
1.72E+01
2.55E+02
1.38E+02
1.81E+02
1.64E+02
7.20E+01
8.28E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts pe~r trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
H-n
-------
TABLE H-10.
SPRAY COOLER INLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% 02)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen) (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
6.86E-02(
1.23E+00(
2.71E+00(
8.10E+00(
1.07E+01(
1.23E+01(
3.51E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5.13E-03(
9.23E-02(
1.83E-01J
4.98E-01(
6.04E-01(
6.44E-01(
2.03E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7,
1,
2,
18E-01
29E+01
84E+01
8.48E+01
12E+02
29E+02
3.68E+02
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.20E+00
1.63E+01
1.40E+01(
9.78E+00(
4.49E+00(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9.44E-02(
1.28E+00(
8.32E-01(
8.96E-01(
5.75E-01(
2.43E-01(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.26E+01
1.71E+02
1.23E+02
1.46E+02
1.02E+02
4.71E+01
5-75E+01 3.92E+00 6.02E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND =
N/A =
ng =
ug =
PPt =
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
H-10
-------
TABLE H-9. BAGHOUSE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% 02)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm 0 3% oxygen) (ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
1.95E-OH
ND (
5.84E-OK
6.49E-OK
6.49E-01(
2.08E+00
1.30E-01]
N/A ]
3.25E-01J
N/A ;
N/A ;
N/A ;
ND ( 2.60E-01)
9.09E-01I
ND
5.19E-01(
4.54E-01(
7.14E-01(
2.60E+00
N/A )
3.25E-01)
N/A
N/A
N/A
NO ( 9.70E-03)
1.45E-02
ND (
3.59E-02(
3.67E-02(
3.39E-02(
1.21E-01
N/A
2.19E-02
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 2.04E-02]
7.14E-02
ND (
3.33E-02(
2.67E-02(
3.87E-02(
1.70E-01
N/A
2.30E-02)
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
ND ( 1.18E+00)
1.78E+00
ND ( 2.96E+00)
5.33E+00
5.92E+00
5.92E+00
1.90E+01
ND ( 2.37E+00)
8.29E+00
ND ( 2.96E+00)
4.74E+00
4.15E+00
6.52E+00
2.37E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND - Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - Nof applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
ppt » parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
H-9
-------
TABLE H-8. BAGHOUSE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% 02)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NO ( 1.31E-01)
ND
.27E-01I
.84E-01I
8.49E-OK
7.19E-01(
2.68E+00
1.96E-01]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND (
1.31E+00(
7.19E-01(
5.23E-01(
5.23E-01(
3.27E-01(
3.40E+00
3.92E-01)
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
ND ( 9.76E-03)
ND (
2.21E-02(
4.82E-02(
4.81E-02(
3.76E-02(
1.46E-02)
1.56E-01
ND
1.03E-01
08E-02(
35E-02(
07E-02(
77E-02(
2.35E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
( 3.08E-02)
( N/A )
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND
ND
( 1.16E+00)
( 1.75E+00)
2.91E+00
6.99E+00
7.57E+00
6.41E+00
2.39E+01
ND ( 3.49E+00)
1.16E+01
6.41E+00
4.66E+00
4.66E+00
2.91E+00
3.03E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND = Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g, .
ppt = parts per trillion, dry.volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
H-8
-------
TABLE H-7 BAGHOUSE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
' DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% 02)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Iso'mer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen) (ppt 0 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD .
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NOTE: Isomer
ND ( 4.61E-01
1.52E+00 N/A
9.88E-01 N/A
1.58E+00 N/A
1.19E+00 N/A )
1.05E+OOC N/A )
6.32E+00
ND ( 3.95E-01)
1.38E+00( N/A )
3.95E-01( N/A )
7.25E-OK N/A )
8.56E-OK N/A )
5.93E-OK N/A )
3.95E+00
concentrations shown are
ND ( 3.45E-02]
1.13E-OH N/A
6.68E-02( N/A
9.73E-02( N/A
6.71E-02( N/A
5.51E-02( N/A
3.99E-01
ND ( 3.79E+00)
1.25E+01
8.12E+00
1.30E+01
9.75E+00
8.66E+00
5.20E+01
ND ( 3.11E-02) ND ( 3.25E+00)
1.09E-01 N/A ) HJc+Si
2.80E-02 N/A 3.25E+00
4!65E-02 N/A ) 5.96E+00
5.04E-02 N/A ) I'S^SS
3.21E-02 N/A ) 4.87E+00
2.66E-01
3.25E+01
corrected to 3% oxygen.
ng
ppt
8760
o aPc
miSimSm limits of detection when values are posUive.
1.0E-09g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
operating hours per year
H-7
-------
TABLE H-6. SPRAY COOLER INLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF-
Total PCDF
8.87E-02( N/A
3.08E+00( N/A
2.51E+00( N/A
3.64E+00( N/A
3.97E+00( N/A
2.13E+00( N/A
1.54E+01
9.31E-01
1.40E+01
1.25E+01
1.14E+01
8.96E+00
3.46E+OOi
5.12E+01
[ N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
k N/A
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown
)
)
)•
j
)
are
6.63E-03
2.30E-01
1.69E-01
2.24E-01
2.25E-01
1.11E-01
9.66E-01
7.32E-02
1 . 10E+00
8.86E-01
7.28E-01
5.27E-01
1.87E-01(
3.50E+00
N/A
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
[ N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
1
5
4
5
6
• 3
2
1
2
2
1
1
5
8
.44E+00
.OOE+01
.07E+01
.90E+01
.44E+01
.46E+01
.50E+02
.51E+01
.28E+02
.03E+02
.84E+02
.45E+02
.62E+01
.32E+02
at as-measured oxygen conditions. >
NO - Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabil
minimum
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
limits of
detection
ities
when values are positive.
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume
basis
and
H-6
-------
TABLE H-5. SPRAY COOLER INLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
4.95E-02(
8.66E-01(
4.70E-OH
2.90E+00(
6.26E+00(
1.06E+01(
2.12E+01
1.16E+00(
1.73E+01(
9.36E+00(
1.23E+01(
1.11E+01(
4.8"8E+00(
5.60E+01
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
3.70E-03( N/A )
6.47E-02
3.18E-02
1.78E-01
3.54E-01
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
5.57E-01( N/A )
1.19E+00
9.15E-02( N/A )
1.36E+00( N/A )
6.62E-01
7.86E-01
6.54E-01
2.64E-01
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
3.82E-fOO
7.31E-01
1.28E+01
6.95E+00
4.28E+01
9.25E+01
1.57E+02-
3.13E+02
1.72E+01
2.55E+02
1.38E+02
1.81E+02
1.64E+02
7.20E+01
8.28E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A » Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug « 1.0E-06g
ppt - parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
H-5
-------
TABLE H-4. SPRAY COOLER INLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
5
9
2
6
7
9
2
8
1
8
1
7
3
4
.12E-02
.21E-01
.02E+00
.04E+00
.95E+00
.18E+00
.62E+01
.95E-01(
.22E+OH
.77E+00
.04E+01
.29E+00
.35E+00
.29E+01
( N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
[ N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
)
j
)
)
)
3
6
1
3
4
4
1
7
9
6
6
4
1
2
.82E-03(
.88E-02(
.37E-01(
.71E-01(
.50E-01(
.80E-01(
.51E+00
.04E-02(
.57E-01(
.21E-OH
.68E-01(
.29E-01(
.82E-01(
.93E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
)
1
)
)
]
)
7
1
2
8
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
6
.18E-01
.29E+01
.84E+01
.48E+01
.12E+02
.29E+02
.68E+02
.26E+01
.71E+02
.23E+02
.46E+02
.02E+02
.71E+01
.02E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND
N/A
ppt
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating"hours per year
H-4
-------
TABLE H-3. BAGHOUSE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND ( 4.61E-02)
6.91E-02( N/A
ND
2.07E-OK
2.30E-01(
2.3.0E-01(
7.37E-01
1.15E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 9.22E-02)
3.23E-01(
ND (
1.84E-01(
.61E-01(
N/A )
1.15E-01
N/A
N/A
2.53E-01( N/A )
9.22E-01
1
ND ( 3.44E-03)
16E-03( N/A )
7.78E-03)
ND (
28E-02(
1.30E-02(
1.20E-02{
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.30E-02
( 7.25E-03)
( N/A )
ND ( 8.15E-03)
ND
.54E-02
1.18E-02(
9.49E-03(
1.37E-02(
6.04E-02
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( 1.18E+00)
1.78E+00
ND ( 2.96E-MDO)
5.33E+00
5.92E+00
5.92E+00
1.90E+01
ND ( 2.37E+00)
8.29E+00
ND ( 2.96E+00)
4.74E+00
4.15E+00
6.52E+00
2.37E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng » 1.0E-09g
ug » 1.0E-06g
ppt - parts per. trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
H-3
-------
TABLE H-2. BAGHOUSE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION
DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-COF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1
3
3
2
1
5
2
2
2
1
1
NO (
ND (
.32E-01(
.17E-01(
.44E-01(
.91E-01(
.08E+00
ND (
.29E-01(
.91E-01(
.12E-01(
.12E-01(
.32E-01(
.38E+00
5.29E-02
7.94E-02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.59E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1 8
1 1
1 1
) 1
6
4
2
1
1
) 7
9
ND (
ND (
.94E-03(
.95E-02(
.95E-02(
.52E-02(
.32E-02
ND (
.16E-02(
.06E-02(
.36E-02(
.24E-02(
.17E-03(
.54E-02
3.95E-03
5.93E-03
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.25E-02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
)
)
)
|
)
/
ND
NO
2
6
7
6
2
ND
1
6
4
4
2
3
( 1.16E+00)
( 1.75E+00)
.91E+00
.99E+00
.57E+00
.41E+00
.39E+01
( 3.49E+00)
.16E+01
.41E+00
.66E+00
.66E+00
.91E+00
.03E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND =
N/A =*
ng =
ug =
ppt
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating "hours per year
H-2
-------
TABLE H-l. BAGHOUSE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS
DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
OIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD •
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND
5.87E-01
3.83E-01
6.12E-01
4.59E-01
4.08E-01
2.45E+00
ND
5.36E-01
1.53E-01
2.81E-01
3.32E-01
2.30E-01
1.53E+00
1.79E-01)
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A ]
[ N/A )
( 1.53E-01
( N/A
( N/A
( N/A
( N/A
( N/A
ND
4.38E-02
2.59E-02
3.77E-02
2.60E-02
2.13E-02
1.55E-01
ND
4.21E-02
1.08E-02
1.80E-02
1.95E-02
i 1.24E-02
1.03E-01
1.33E-02]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
[ N/A
( 1.20E-02
( N/A
( N/A
( N/A
( N/A
( N/A
| ND ( 3.79E+00)
1.25E+01
8.12E+00
1.30E+01
9.75E+00
8.66E+00
5.20E+01
) ND ( 3.25E+00)
) 1.14E+01
) 3.25E+00
) . 5.96E+00
) 7.04E+00
) 4.87E+00
3.25E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown ar-e at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng 1.0E-09g
ug 1.0E-06g
ppt parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating "Hours per year
H-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX H
Run-specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
-------
CORPORATION
U. 3. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Page four
May 31, 1985
BAGHODSE DUST
SCC Ho,
DQ003110
DQ003117
DQ003126
PROCESS SAMPLE
Sample
Baghouse Dust, Run 01
Baghouae Dust, Run 02
Baghouse Duat, Rum 03
REACTIVATED CARBON - PROCESS SAMPLE
SCC No.
DQ003112
DQ003119
DQ003128
Sample
Reactivated Carbon* Run 01
Reactivated Carbon, Run 02
Reactivated Carbon, Run 03
2. The spent carbon feed and ambient air train components are Priority
samples. The samples should be held at Troika pending the results of
the Priority #1 samples.
SPENT CARBON FEED - PROCESS SAMPLE
SCC No.
DQ003111
DQ003118
DQ003127
Sample
Spent carbon feed, Run 01
Spent carbon feed, Run 02
Spent carbon feed, Run 03
If any questions arise concerning this sample shipment, please contact
either Vinton Kelly or Robert Jongleux at Radian Corporation at
(919) 541-9100.
Sincerely,
cc: E. Hanks/EPA/AMTB
A. Mile*/Radian
Radian Field File - RTP/PPK
G-4
Progress Center/3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy./P.O. Box 13000/Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709/(919)541-9100
Progress Center/3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy./P.O. Box 13000/Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709/<919)541-31»
-------
RADIAN
CORPORATION
D. S. EPA KCC Toxicant Analysis Center
Page three
May 31, 1985
Radian Run * 09-MM5-BI-03 (Total of 6 train component*)
SCO Mo. Container Fraetipn
DQ003124
DQ003124
DQ003124
DQ003124
DQ003124
DQ003124
1
2*
3
4*
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
Radian Run * 09-MM5-BO-03 (Total of 6 train components)
DQ00312S
DQ003125
DQ003125
DQ003125
DQ003125
DQ003125
3
4*
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
IAD Module
AMBIENT XAD TRAIN
Radian Run J09-AMB-A
SCO Mo.
DQ003120
DQ003120
Container,
1
2
Fraction
Probe Rinse
XAD Module
LABORATORY PROOF BLANK
SCC No.
DQ003107
DQ003107
DQ003107
Container
1
2
Fraction
Filter
Probe Rinse,
Back Half/Coil Rinse
and Impinger Soln.
ZAD Module
REAGENT BLANKS
SCC No.
Sample
HPLC grade water blank
Acetone blank
Methylene chloride blank
DQ003121
DQ003122
DQ003123
Progress Center/3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hw> g_3 )x 13000/Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709/(919)541-9100
-------
CORPORATION
U. S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Page tvo
May 31, 1985
Radian Run f 09-MM5-BO-01 (Total of 6 train components)
SCC Ho. Container Fraction
DQ003109
DQ003109
DQ003109
DQ003109
DQ003109
DQ003109
1
2*#
3
4*
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
lapinger Solution
IAD Module
Radian Run t 09-MM5-BI-02 (Total of 6 train components)
DQ003113
DQ003113
DQ003113
DQ003113
DQ003113
OQ003113
1
2**
3
4*
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Xmpinger Solution
XAD Module
Radian Run* t 09-MH5-BO-02 (Total of 6 train components)
DQ003114
DQ003114
DQ003114
DQ003114
DQ003114
DQ003114
1
2**
3
4*
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Tmpinger Solution
XAD Module
Radian Run f 09-MM5-BI-FBL (Total of 6 train components)
DQ003115
DQ003115
DQ003115
DQ003115
DQ003115
DQ003115
1
2*
3
4
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
IAD Module
Radian Run t 09-MM5-BO-FBL (Total of 6 train components)
DQ003116
DQ003116
DQ003116
DQ003116
DQ003116
DQ003116
1
2*
3
4
5
6
Filter
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Xmpinger Solution
IAD Module
G-2
Progress Center/3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy./P.O. Box 13000/Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709/(919)541-9100
-------
RADIAN
CORPORATION
May 31, 198S
U.S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Building 1105
Bay St. Louis, MS 39529
Attention: Danny McDaniel
Subject: Tier 4 - Analysis Instructions
Dear Sir:
The objective of this letter is to clarify Instructions and
priorities for individual samples from specific Tier 4 combustion sites.
This ^ruction letter is No. 13 and pertain, to EPA Site No. 09_
(CRf-A).
The Ipi.ode No. i. 2674, and SCC number. a..igned to this site were
numbers DQ003100 through DQ003199.
SCC number. DQ003101 through DQ003106 have been assigned to Troika
for internal QA/QC purposes. SCC number. DQ003107 through DQ003138 have been
a«ig^ed?o.ample, included in thi. .hipment. All remaining SCC numbers are
unused.
The .ample shipment for EPA Site No. 09 (CRF-A) consists of 5 boxes
containing 77 samples of 66 components. The boxes were shipped under Federal
Expre.., Airbill No.. 770332695 and 289783406.
In.truction. for extraction and analy.i. follow.
1. Priority #1 samples include the sample train components, the
baghouse dust, reactivated carbon samples, the lab proof blank, and
the reagent blanks. These samples require irnnpdiate extraction and
analysis.
MM5 TRAIN SAMPLES (* indicates more than one sample per component).
($ indicates H.O in addition to acetone and MeCl^
in rin.e)
Radian Run # 09-MM5-BI-01 (Total of 6 train components)
SCC No. Container Fraction
DQ003108
DQ003108
DQ003108
DQ003108
DQ003108
DQ003108
1
2*#
3
4*
5
6*
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
G-l
Progress Center/3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy./P.O. Box 13000/Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709/(919)541-9100
-------
-------
APPENDIX 6
Sample Shipment Letter
-------
-------
Project Participants
Radian Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC
Winton Kelly
Robert Jongleux
Dave Savia
Debra Benson
James McReynolds
Gary Henry
Carol Jamgochian
Lee Garcia
Mike Hartman
Field Test Engineer
Test Crew Leader
CEM Operator
Sample Recovery
Sampler
Sampler
Sampler
Samp!er
Sampler
Environmental Protection Agency
Hazardous Waste Environmental Research Facility, Cincinnati, OH
Ivars Licis
F-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX F
Project Participants
-------
TABLE E-4. HC1 LABORATORY ANALYTICAL DATA FOR BAGHOUES OUTLET
TIER 4 OICKIN
HCL - SITE 09
Site *
09-HCL-01-F
09-HCL-01-PR
09-HCL-01-IR
09-HCL-FBL-F
Field *
PI-4
5*Y
6
29
09-HCL-FBL-PR 30* *9
09-HCL-FBL-IR 31
09-HCL-02-F
09-HCL-02-PR
09-HCL-02-IR
09-BBL-MaOH
09-HCL-03-F
09-HCL-03-PR
09-HCL-03-IR
47
L A * _ *J^
*T*S ^^^ '
49 + 50
78
79
80*0?
81
Sample
Wt.(gm)
*Jl
386.3
910.8
A/1
167.1
440.6
'VJJ
357.9
1372.6
99.8
/uj.
199.0
1299.4
Aaalyvi* Blank Corrected
ag/1 Total eg
-_
3 1.16
1 0.91
— -_
£.1 —
^1 —
— —
6 1*f*(fp* 2.15
1 1.37
A.1 —
— —
5 1.00
1 1 .30
in Saaple
Site #
09-HCL- Audit
09 -HCL- Audit
09 -HCL- Audit
09-HCL-Audit
09-HCL- Audit
Field *
#1 105
*2 106
#3 107
*4 108
*5 109
Wt.(gm)
164.4
151.7
186.4
169.7
193.4
PPM/ of
Audit mg/1
500 510 daWsib
100 100 <4«r\^. 15 .24
O/ 917.09
)Jll66.14
Oj 947.66
S4»/>/< bo
E-4
-------
TABLE E-3. COMPOUND-SPECIFIC DIOXIN PRECURSOR
DATA FOR SITE CRF-A FEED SAMPLES
Precursor
Compounds
Precursor Concentration, uq/q (ppml
Spent Carbon Feed Samples
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3 Average
Base Neutrals Fraction
Chlorinated Benzenes:
Dichlorobenzenes
Tri chlorobenzenes
Tetrachlorobenzenes
Pentachlorobenzenes
Hexachlorobenzenes
Total Chlorinated Benzenes
Chlorinated Biphenyls:
Chlorobiphenyls
Dichlorobiphenyls
TriChlorobiphenyls
Tetrachlorobi phenyls
Pentachlorobi phenyls
Hexachlorobi phenyls
Heptachlorobi phenyls
Octachlorobi phenyls
Nonachlorobi phenyls
Decachlorobi phenyls
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls
0.01
1.70
0.05
ND
ND
1.76
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
0.14
ND
ND
ND
0.16
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
6.27
0.34
ND
ND
6.63
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO"
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
2.70
0.13
ND
ND
2.85
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Acids Fraction
Chlorinated Phenols:
Dichlorophenols
Trichlorophenols
Tetrachlorophenols
Pentachlorophenols
Total Chlorinated Phenols
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND » not detected.
E-3
-------
TABLE E-2. DIOXIN/FURAN LABORATORY ANALYTICAL
DATA FOR SPRAY COOLER INLET
ANALYTICAL DATA INPUT MATRIX FOR SITE CRF-A (INLET)
(picograms per sample train)
RUN 01 RUN 02
Species Value DL Value DL
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
200.00
3600.00
3500.00
47600.00
7900.00
34300.00
23600.00
40700.00
31100.00
28500.00
35900.00
13100.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
;00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
200.00
3500.00
4700.00
69800.00
1900.00
37800.00
11700.00
49500.00
25300.00
44900.00
43000.00
19700.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
RUN 03
Value DL
400.00 .00
13900.00 .00
4200.00 .00
63200.00 .00
11300.00 .00
56500.00 .00
16400.00 .00
51200.00 .00
17900.00 .00
40400.00 .00
9600.00 .00
15600.00 .00
Value = amount detected in MM5 sample train.
DL = detection limit of 6C/MS analysis.
E-2
-------
TABLE E-l. DIOXIN/FURAN LABORATORY ANALYTICAL
DATA FOR BAGHOUSE OUTLET SAMPLES
ANALYTICAL DATA INPUT MATRIX FOR SITE CRF-A (OUTLET)
(picograms per sample train)
^ RUN 01 RUN 02
Species Value DL Value DL
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
.00
2300.00
.00
2100.00
1500.00
600.00
2400.00
1100.00
1800.00
1300.00
1600.00
900.00
700.00
.00
600.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
2000.00
500.00
1100.00
1200.00
800.00
1300.00
800.00
1100.00
500.00
200.00
300.00
600.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
300.00
.00
1400.00
.00
.00
900.00
800.00
1000.00
700.00
1000.00
1100.00
RUN 03
Value DL
200.00
.00
400.00
.00
500.00
500.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
Value - amount detected in MM5 asmple train.
DL - detection limit of 6C/MS analysis.
E-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX E
Laboratory Analytical Data
-------
MY GAS METCR CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest Q Post Test
Date
Mettr Box I
Lf
/t
ItrometHc Pressure, Bp •
&ry 6as Meter I
(U
.f Mt test «t»r « A, t,,t -tw. w .
* °'
iMi Owk Fnmt
Ht»t Utk Hurl _
-
CTtctrf e*1 dMefc
•wrts
t»clm«t1>n
/£>
l»* |W*W »j»
^*rn
D-12
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest 0 Post Test
Date
Meter Box I
>» /£>
Barometric Pressure, Bp
Dry Gas Meter f
Orlftet
Mnoeettr
AH.
IK.
NancMter Prtssure
Of Wit Test feter
M voluv
wet test
ft
Cas vol
dry 5»
•eter
fe
Tcap«raturt
Met test
Hettr
Dry
ter
Inlet
Outlet
Average
I*'
°F
Tfne
»,
H1».
.00
AHB
.5
,3
Tsvs
73.
77
79, 607
/ 7
i-c.
o
7-,-r?
3o
'57.555
AH?
0-P317 «H pn * 460 fl
(td*4«)p: j
V « latfo Of accuracy of wet test Hter to try test Mter. Tolerance • lO.Ol.
*H* • OHflet pressure differential that |1ns 0.7S eft of air at 70°F and ».K
foetal of Mrcuor. In. HjO. Toleranct • tO.15.
Pott test tolerance wst ke within i O.t* and within
• r»*fe «f 0.10
Mter Uak Ckock Fnnt
Ntat look Check .
Clactrlcal Ckock „
irts
bck
Calibrating technician
D-ll
-------
0*Y GAS MCTE* CALIBRATION MTA
(Cn|11fth Units) frtttttQ
,f
***
iMt CW fn»t xXj
HtMlMfcCtoCk.
Ucfnfcto
D-10
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest Post Test
Date
Meter Box I
Barometric Pressure, Bp
Dry Gas Meter f
Oriftet
Mncetter
Sitting,
AH.
In.
Of
Pressure
HtUr
Cat voluae
•eter
V
ft3
S*$ voluec
-rfry-jat
•eter
&
T«aperatur«
Hrt-test
Meter
Dry 9»t veter
Inlet
Jj"
Outlet
Average
Ttw
AT.
MB.
.00
79
,
3.11.
3 3.C.6 /
, 90$
13,00
10*00
75, 7-2-
9.50
{.onf
(rt * 460) V.
C29>r
0.
5,116
Yf x.
L 10.005"
~/.8?
0
0,031?
3^.67(557.5
^/.
f>iZ7x*ct.8et'< £
S.O/I
r 1.96
T • Katie of «ccur«cy of Mt test vcttr to dry ttst Httr. Toltrtnet • tO.Ol.
AW * Orlflct prtstun dlfftrtntlal that gives 0.75 cf« of «1r at 70°F and 29.92
fKM( of Mrcury. In. HjO. Tolaranct • tO.15.
Pott ttst toliranct wst bt within i 0.05 and within
* nngt ef 0.10
*t*r Uak Cf)*ck Front.
Htat tMk Chtck
RtctHcal O*ck
.Back
Calibrating technician
D-9
-------
MY CAS NETE* CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Prttest Q Post Ttst
Oitt 4
NeUr Box I
Strwetrlc Prtssurt, Bp » £9,
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Pretest Post Test
Date
»
Meter Box
Barometric Pressure, Bp • 30,GO
Dry Gas Meter I _____
Orlfict
Mnceettr
*H.
fenc-ctar tmsur*
Of Wat Ta»t Hour
AW
CM vol
•>t«r
f«3
ft3
fits volume
dry fit
Htir
T««p«r»turt
Ikter
Dry ftt «eter
Inltt
Outlet
Avert gt
Tin
jr.
Mi.
.00
5-7.
..3"
rs
*./?
/•7V
frl
l-o
S?
77,95
-75/75
fc-
i/.ss-
V
3,o
AX
-77,7
-_*
AH?
/,ooo7
S«HB\
*' ^?
»*fi?i
OJ317iH {W * 460 i] f
(td * 4»][ to j
02
r. p
J.VlV
/,
./. £57
t • tatf* af iccuney of Mt test mtUr to rfrjr test Httr. Totirana • tO.Ol.
Hf • Oriflc* prtsiurc 41fftrwtt1tl thtt |1««s 0.7S cf- »f air at 70°r and 29.«2
1aete» «f •ercary. In. HjO. TeTertnc* • *0.l$.
Nst test talartnca «u»t bt within i 0.05 and
• ra»9t af 0.10
Mater Uak O-ck Front
Htot Uak Ctocfc
O*ck
Callbntlfig Uchnldan
D-7
-------
1
o*u
Keter Box I
^
MY CAS HCTE* CALIBRATION DATA
Units) rrtttitQ Pp*t Ttit
BaronetrU Pressure, Bp •
Dry fes Meter I
D-6
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) PretestVl Post Test
Barometric Pressure. Bp •
Dry Gas Meter i
• tatl* sf •ceuney of Mt tnt mt»r to
-------
1
DRY *AS METER CALIBRATION DATA
tett
Heter Box I
(English Units)
C ///
Pretest Q Post Test
D£m i/- VW7
t*rofl*tnc Pressure* dp •
tos Kettr I
t.,t
* *•*
Utter U«k deck Trent
n»ctrfc
-------
fE
y oi
BOX I
ROMETR1C PRESSURE
„ 1n. Hg
DRY GASMETER I
RADIAN
CORPORATION
rifice
janoineter
ettling
Calculations
&HG
AH
+ 460J
(Tw + 460 ^
\
D-3
-------
Hettr Box 1
MY iAS KCTCK CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units) Prtttst Q Post Ttst
EaroMtrlc fressurt, Ip •
fry 6is Hettr I
.2
7'^7^x J«7/^yjr SV/
^ft/~y J)^,?^^
-------
DRY GAS METER CALIBRATION DATA
(English Units)
Pretest
Post Test
Date
Meter Box tf
y c. , 13
1.)
,OC
04)317 iH Fh. 4 460 jl
ltd * «o)[s; j
Pfc (
3 v
T • Rat1» af «ecur«cjr of Mt test Mt«r to try tut *rUr. Toltrine* • ±0.01.
4X1 » DHffct ymsurt 4iffer«ntfa1 that f1*«t 0.7S ef* of air at 70°T and 29.W
IK)** tf Mmiry, In. HjO. Telaranet • >0.1S.
Pttt tm tolarsnci wst bt within i 0.05 and within
• rt»jt tf 0.10
«tt»r U
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
Meter Calibrations
-------
-------
RADIAM
CORPORATION
PRELIMINARY VELOCITY TRAVERSE
TL
DA
LO
ST
BA
ST
OP
1
nm =-: r— 1 — — ;
*J*1/fir
HAT10N -^1 ' ^~~
irK I n *^>
ROMETRIC PRESSU
ACK GAUGE PRESS
FRATORS
RF in Hf $?^t3^
URE in H20
^•^2 'dTRM
TRAVERSE
POINT
NUMBER
i _.
M.
1
A-2
~*3
-»
-^
*~u>
_7
Q
Q
•10
-n
-i?
VELOCITY
HEAD
tops),in.H20
O»OCp
n.^Cz?
o.q-q
o.s^
o,-?o
o,nq
0,1^
o.-^o
^^eP'10
0. G>3,
o,^S
O.^*5!
1
AVERAGE
.
STACK
TEMPERATURE
-------
TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION FOR CIRCULAR DUCTS
PLANT.
DATE _
SAMPLING LOCATION
INSIDE OF FAR WALL TO
OUTSIDE OF NIPPLE. (DISTANCE A) _
INSIDE OF NEAR WALL TO
OUTSIDE OF NIPPLE. (DISTANCE B) _
STACK 14)., (DISTANCE A - DISTANCE B).
NEAREST UPSTREAM DISTURBANCE
NEAREST DOWNSTREAM DISTURBANCE.
CALCULATOR.
SCHEMATIC OF SAMPLING LOCATION
TRAVERSE
POINT
NUMBER
1
2-
3
4-
£~
4
^
£
*
1*
11
fa.
FRACTION
OF STACK I.D.
SU.F **"
&.^
p,e>
1^.^-
^s.n
%.L
t*!.*/
-?^.o
C5--3
rX.7-
1*>/J
nfr.4
^t?..q
^O.j
^2.
DISTANCE B
^
T
^
T
f
^
f
7
9
T
^
^
TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION
FROM OUTSIDE OF NIPPLE
(SUM OF COLUMNS 4 & 5)
10'' .
1 .8"
H. /"
14.^
lQ^/6
i<4.3
34. >
*• 1.^
Vcj-4k
wc.
-------
NOMOGRAPH DATA
PLANT
' sl 2* lee
SAMPLING LOCATION.
CALIBRATED PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL ACROSS
ORIFICE, in. H20
AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (AMBIENT + 20 0F),aF
PERCENT MOISTURE IN GAS STREAM BY VOLUME
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AT METER, in. HI
STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK, in. He
(Pro±0.073 x STACK GAUGE PRESSURE in in. H20)
RATIO OF STATIC PRESSURE TO METER PRESSURE
AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE, °F
AVERAGE VELOCITY HEAD, in. H20
MAXIMUM VELOCITY HEAD, in. H20
C FACTOR
CALCULATED NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
^7?£t- l.jb& Q. ^7|
ACTUAL NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
REFERENCE Ap, in. H20
AH@
T|nave.
BWO
pm
PS
PS/P
/pra
savj.
>Pavg.
APnax.
\.TS-
^0
33
^.30
-A 8
/
^
0,(*o
o.^
0,57
3/e
O,3<*8
c^i
EPA (Dm) 234
4/72
C-71
-------
RADIAN
CORPORATION
PRELIMINARY VELOCITY TRAVERSE
PLANT.
PATg A
01
LOCATION
STACK 1.0. . ___
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, in. H|
STACK GAUGE PRESSURE, in. H-n
fl.^-1
SCHEMATIC OF TRAVERSE POINT LAYOUT
TRAVERSE
POINT
NUMBER
A- 1
2
.*>
4
^
t
ft^ I
2-
^
-------
RADIAN
TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION FOR CIRCULAR DUCTS
DATE . 5'. 2-
SAMPLING LOCATION
INSIDE OF FAR IALL TO
OUTSIDE OF NIPPLE.
INSIDE OF NEAR «ALL TO
OUTSIDE OF NIPPLE. (DISTANCE 8)
VTACX 1J>.. (DISTANCE A - DISTANCE B)
«AR£ST UPSTREAM DISTURBANCE _
NEAREST DOINSTJREAM DISTURBANCE
CALCULATOR *+**'><"*
SCHEMATIC OF SAMPLING LOCATION
TRAVERSE POINT LOCATION
FROM OUTSIDE OF NIPPLE
(SUM OF COLUMNS 4 t.5>
EPA(Durt232
C-69
-------
NOMOGRAPH DATA
PLANT
DATEJ
SAMPLING LOCATION
CALIBRATED PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL ACROSS
ORIFICE, in. HjO
AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (AMBIENT +20«F),aF
PERCENT MOISTURE IN GAS STREAM BY VOLUME
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AT METER, in. H|
STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK, In. Hj
(Pm±0.073 x STACK GAUGE PRESSURE in in. H20)
RATIO OF STATIC PRESSURE TO METER PRESSURE
AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE, °F
AVERAGE VELOCITY HEAD, in. H20
MAXIMUM VELOCITY HEAD, in. H20
C FACTOR
CALCULATED NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
ACTUAL NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
REFERENCE Ap, in. H20
AH@
T™av|.
BWO
Pm
ps
''/P.
sav|.
APavf.
APmax.
;.%*?
/o5V
3S%
^Sf
-.W'M
(,0
I3b
•^
• H^J
.5%
^/,b
.?>o
-------
NOMOGRAPH DATA
<;AMPMNf? 1 flfiATION O ^ \ l^C« (_ lYlH^S)
CALIBRATED PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL ACROSS
ORIFICE, ini H^
AVERAGE METER TEMPERATURE (AMBIENT+200F),0F
PERCENT MOISTURE IN GAS STREAM BY VOLUME
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AT METER, in. Hg
STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK, in. Hg
^±0.073 x STACK GAUGE PRESSURE in in. H20)
RATIO OF STATIC PRESSURE TO METER PRESSURE
AVERAGE STACK TEMPERATURE, °F
AVERAGE VELOCITY HEAD, in. H20
MAXIMUM VELOCITY HEAD, in. HjO
C FACTOR
CALCULATED NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
ACTUAL NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
REFERENCED, in. H20
AH@
mav|.
BWO
Pm
ps
Pvpm
Ts
APavg.
APMK.
l.7«
,o5V
?$%
cP^.5
-M^Xc
1 6 1
33 ^
ij iJ
fi ^f
.5
-------
-------
APPENDIX C.6
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HC1 Outlet Run Sheets
C-29
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Ambient Run Sheets
C-25
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MM5-Outlet Run Sheets
C-13
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APPENDIX C.I
MM5-Inlet Run Sheets
C-l
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APPENDIX C
Field Data Sheets
-------
-------
Overall, the data appears to be fairly typical of routine
operations at the plant. If you require any
additional information to complete your final report, please call
me at the direct dial number listed above.
Very truly yours,
B-15
-------
February 21, 1986
Mr. Andrew J. Miles
Senior Scientist
RADIAN CORPORATION -- - —
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
Re: React Plant Operating Information
Dear Andrew:
*
We have reviewed the draft test report forwarded to
p^I and have no corrections or comments to offer. The
operating data we promised for the test period is presented below:
Spent Carbon Volatiles
Date
5/29/85
5/30/85
5/31/85
Total Volatiles
% W/W
52.5
48.8
48.4
Moisture -
% w/w
36.4
37.2
36.0
Production Rate
Date
5/29
5/30
5/31
Baghouse Dust
Date
5/29
5/30
5/31
React Product - Lbs
47,894
62,605
60,987
Lbs. Collected
4,980
5,186
4,666
Organics - %w/w
(By Difference)
16.1
11.6
12.4
B-14
-------
NOON
Figure B-12.
Stripchart of afterburner temperature, spray cooler outlet
temperature, and baghouse outlet temperature, Run 3.
B-13
-------
o
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9
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B-12
-------
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B-11
-------
Figure B-9. Afterburner operating log, Run 3.
B-10
-------
NCCN
^"/Afterburner
temperature
Fiqure B-8. Stripchart of afterburner temperature, spray cooler outlet
temperature, and baghouse outlet temperature, Run 2.
B-9
-------
1
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B-8
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B-7
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outlet temperature, and baghouse outlet temperature,
Run 1.
B-5
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COMMENTS:
•
OPERATOR 7 • ;
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^
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Figure B-3. Spray cooler operating log, Run 1
B-4
-------
Figure B-2. Baghouse operating log, Run 1.
B-3
-------
u
2
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B-2
-------
Table B.I. Hearth Temperature History During Test Period
Deviation
Run No.
1
5/29/85
2
5/30/85
3
5/31/85
Time
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Average
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Average
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Average
1
6.1
3.8
2.6
2.6
1.4
16.8
17.9
7.3
5.0
4.4
3.8
2.6
1.4
0
-3.3
2.1
-8.0
-8.6
-12.1
-12.7
-12.7
-11.6
-11.0
2
-0.4
-1.6
-2.8
-1.6
-2.8
5.6
8.0
0.7
6.8
7.4
6.2
5.6
4.4
4.4
0.8
5.1
-4.6
-5.2
-8.2
-8.2
-8.2
-7.0
-7.0
From Run and Hearth Soecific
Hearth Nos.
3
0.8
0
-0.6
0
-0.6
0.8
ZA
0.4
2.2
2.5
0
0
-0.6
-0.3
-1 .0
0.7
-0.6
-1.0
-2.7
-1.0
-1.0
-0.6
-1.2
4
9.9
6.3
4.5
5.4
6.3
16.2
17.1
9.4
0
3.6
5.4
4.5
3.6
3.6
^9
2.8
-8.1
-11.3
-15.8
-17.1
-17.1
-16.2
-14.2
5
1.1
0.5
0
0
-0.5
0.5
LI
0.3
-2.7
-1.4
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
0.3
0
-0.8
1.9
1.4
0.5
0
0
^3
0.5
6
6.0
6.0
4.9
4.9
3.7
6.0
6,0
5.4
-2.5
-1.9
-0.2
-0.2
0
0.3
^2
-0.7
-3.9
-4.5
-4.8
-6.8
-6.8
-6.8
-5.6
Mean (%}
1
0
-1.2
-6.1
-6.6
-4.4
1.6
1.6
-2.2
0
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.0
0
0.8
0.8
3.5
3.0
0.2
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.6
Flue
Gas
2.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
-1.0
10.0
10.0
3.2
16.1
5.1 .
3.9 *
3.9
2.7
-2.2
i2^L
4.4
-6.5
-6.5
-10.2
-10.2
-10.2
-8.9
-8.7
*The host plant considers the hearth temperature data confidential.
B-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
Process Monitoring Data
_
-------
-------
TABLE A-6. FIXED GAS ANALYSIS
Run Number
co2
(vol %)
°2
(vol %)
N2
(vol %)
Furnace Outlet
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
10.52
9.23
7.83
7.58
6.45
9.94
81.89
84.31
82.35
Baqhouse Outlet
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
4.85
4.91
4.23
14.03
13.71
14.61
81.41
80.74
81.12
Spray Cooler Inlet
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3"
9.29
7.62
7.89
7.51
8.40
8.85
83.18
83.97
83.24
A-47
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.6
EPA Method 3 Data
A-45
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE THREE
9)Isokinetic sampling rate (Z) :
Dimensional Constant C » K4 x 60 x 144 x [1 / (Pi /4)1
K4 - .0945 FOR ENGLISH UNITS
IZ
IZ
C x Vm(std) x (Ts + 460)
Vs x Tt x Ps x Md x (Dn)~2
1039.574 x 138.5027 x 799.81
2444.376 x 240 x 29.27691 x .6427925 x( .308 ) ~
IZ - 109.9573
10) Excess air (Z) :
100 x Z02 100 x 14.03
EA « • s
(.264 x ZN2) - Z02 (.264 x 81.12 ) - 14.03
EA - 189.96
11) Particulate Concentration :
Cs « ( grams part.) / Vm(std) - 0 / 138.5027
Cs -
Ca «
Ca •
Ca -
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
LBS/HR
0.0000000 Grams/DSCF
T(std) x Md x Ps x Cs
P(std) x Ts
528 x .6427925 x 29.27691 x 0.0000000
29.92 x 799.81
0.0000000 Grams/ACF
Cs x 0.002205 x Qsd x 60
O.OOOOOOOx 0.002205 x 12490.1 x 60
Program Revis ion : 1 / 1 6 /
A-44
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PAGE TWO
>)Average Molecular Weight of DRY stack gas :
HWd - (.44 x XC02) + (.32 x %02) + (.28 x ZN2)
MWd - (.44 x 4.85 ) + ( .32 x 14.03 ) + ( .28 x 81.12 ) - 29.3372
5)Average Molecular Weight of wet stack gas :
MW - KWd x Md +18(1 - Md)
MW - 29.3372 x .6427925 + 18(1 - .6427925 ) - 25.28747
7) Stack gas velocity in feet-per-minute ( f pm) at stack conditions :
V* - KpxCp x [SQRT (dP)Have) x SQRT [Ts {avg}I x SQRT [l/(PsxMW)l x 60sec/mia
Vs - 85.49 x .84 x 60 x 15.43609 x SQRT[l/( 29.27691 X 25.28747 )1
V8 « 2444.376 FPM
8) Average stack gas dry volumetric flow rate (DSCFM) :
V« x As x Md x T(std) x Ps
144 cu.in./cu.ft. x (Ts +460) x P(std)
2444.376 x 1772.059 x .6427925 x528x 29.27691
144 x 799.81 x 29.92
•
Qsd - 12490.08 dscfm
Qsd
Qsd
A-43
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
SAMPLE CALCULATION
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE #09
BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
09-MM5-BO-1
5/29/85
1450-1650 1704-1904
Vm(std)
Vm(std) -
1) Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 deg-F ,29.92 in. Eg)
Y x Vm x [T(std) + 460] x [Pb +(Pm/13.6)l
P(std) x (Tm + 460)
.9978 x 150.343 x 528 x [ 29.31 + ( 1.24 /13.6)1
29.92 x ( 101.96 + 460)
Vm(std) - 138.503dscf
2) Volume of water vapor at standard conditions:
Vw(gas) <= 0.04715 cf/gm x W( 1) gm
Vw(gas) » 0.04715 x 1632.4 - 76.968 scf
3) Percent Moisture in stack gas t
ZM
ZM
100 x Vw(gas)
^ ^ ^ ^ «• ^ ^ •• ^ «•• ^ «•• 4V ^ <•* •* MM ^ ^ «
Vs(std) + Vw(gas)
100 x 76.968
^ •• ^ ••••• ^ «• •• •* •• •• ^ ^ ^ ••• ^ ^ ^ •» *
138.503 + * 76.968
4) Mole fraction of dry stack gas
100 - ZM
100
- 35.72 Z
Md
100 - 35.72
100
.6427925
A-42
-------
PARAMETER
Tt(min.)
Dn(in.)
Ps(in.H20)
Vta(cu.f t.)
Vw(gm.)
Pm(in.H20)
Tm(F)
PbCin.Hg.)
Z C02
Z 02
Z N2
SQR(DELPS)
As(sq.in .)
Ts(F)
Vm(dscf)
VmCdscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Flow(ac fin)
Flow(acmm)
FlowCdacfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
DGM
Y
*g
Cp
dH
dP
*** EPA
STANDARD
CONDITIONS
RADIAN SODRCE
EPA METHODS 2
DEFINITION OF
DEFINITION
TEST
5
TERMS
TOTAL SAMPLING TIME
SAMPLING NOZZLE DIAMETER
ABSOLUTE STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
ABSOLUTE VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLE MEASURED BY DGM
TOTAL STACK MOISTURE COLLECTED
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE OF DGM
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DGM
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF STACK GAS
OXYGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
NITROGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
AVE. SQ. ROOT OF S-PITOT DIFF . PRESSURE-TEMP. PRODUCTS
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF STACK(DUCT)
TEMPERATURE OF STACK
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED ,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. CF
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. CM
VOLUME OF WATER VAPOR IN GAS SAMPLE,STD
WATER VAPOR COMPOSITION OF STACK GAS
PROPORTION, BY VOLUME,OF DRY GAS IN GAS SAMPLE •
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,DRY BASIS LB/LB-MOLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,WET BASIC LB/LB-MOLE
AVERAGE STACK GAS VELOCITY
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
PERCENT ISOKINETIC
PERCENT EXCESS AIR IN STACK GAS
DRY GAS METER
DRY GAS METER CORRECTION FACTOR
STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
PITOT COEFFICIENT
ORIFICE PLATE DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
PITOT DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
Temperature « 68 deg-F (528 deg-R)
Pressure - 29.92 in. Hg.
A-41
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.5
Modified Method 5 and EPA Methods 1-4
Sample Calculations
A-39
-------
-------
RADIAN SOORCE TEST
EPA METHOD 5
PARTICULATE LOADING
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST # „
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE #09
BAGBOUSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-3
5/31/85
1105-1205
PARAMETER
FRONT-HALF
TRAIN TOTAL
Total Grams
Grams/dac f
Grams/acf
Grains/dsc£
Grains/acf
Grams/dscm
Grams/acm
Pounds/dsc f
Pounds/acf
Pounds/Hr
Kilograms/Hr
0010000
0000249
0000105
0003835
,0001615
,0008775
,0003696
,0000001
,0000000
0.0535614
0 .0242953
0013000
0000323
0000136
0004985
0002100
0011408
0004805
0000001
0000000
0.0696298
0.0315839
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-37
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
T E S
5
K
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t „
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE #09
BA6HOUSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-3
5/31/85
1105-1205
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MV
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(ac £m)
Flov(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
40.23723
1 .139518
21 .41082
.6063543
34.73073
.6526928
29.26121
25.35011
3142.888
958.1976
38676.27
1095.312
16289.97
461.3319
97.9713
214.341
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-36
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
(RAW DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE #09
BAGHODSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-3
5/31/85 •
1105-1205
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Heter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressureCin Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
60
28.97
.308
43.373
1 .87
94.08
1772.059
-.45
454.1
28.93691
331 .33
4.23
14.61
81 .16001
19.756
1 .0007
.84
A-35
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 5
PARTICOLATE LOADING
PLANT : SITE #09
PLANT SITE :
SAMPLING LOCATION : BAGHODSE EXHAUST
TEST t _ : 09-HCL-BO-2
DATE : 5/30/85
TEST PERIOD : 1443-1643
PARAMETER
FRONT-HALF
TRAIN TOTAL
Total Grams
Grams/dsc f
Grams/acf
Grains/dsc f
Grains/ac f
Grams/deem
Grams/acm
Founds/dsc f
Pounds/ac f
Pounds/Hr
Kilograms/Hr
0.0021500
0.0000295
0.0000121
0.0004556
0.0001870
0.0010427
0.0004278
0 .0000001
0.0000000
0.0540798
0 .0245304
0 .0013700
0.0000188
0.0000077
0.0002903
0.0001191
0.0006644
0 .0002726
0 .0000000
0.0000000
0.0344602
0 .0156310
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-34
-------
SITE #09
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST # „
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-2
5/30/85
1443-1643
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(ac fm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
72.80946
2.061964
39.90305
1 .130054
35.40251
.645975
29.334
25.32148
2741.458
835.8103
33736.28
955.4115
13842.82
392.0288
104.3096
176.3498
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-33
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW DATA)
SITE #09
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t
DATE
TEST PERIOD
BAGHODSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-2
5/30/85
1443-1643
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.) 120
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg) 29.06
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.) .308
Meter Volume (cu.ft.) 78.70201
Meter Pressure (in.H20) 1.44
Meter Temperature (F) 97.96
Stack dimension (sq.in.) 1772.059
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20) -.45
Stack Moisture Collected (gin) 846.3
Absolute stack pressure(in flg) 29.02691
Average stack temperature (F) 346.42
Percent C02 4.91
Percent 02 13 .71
Percent N2 81.38
Delps Subroutine result 17.24966
DGM Factor 1 .0029
Pitot Constant .84
A-32
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 5
PARTICULATE LOAD
PLANT SITE #09
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST * _
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
ING
BAGHODSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-l
5/29/85
1453-1653
PARAMETER
Total Grains
Graag/dscf
Grams/ac f
Grains/dscf
Grains/ac£
Grams/dscra
Grams/acm
Pounda/dscf
Pounds/acf
Pounds/Hr
Kilograms/Hr
FRONT-HALF
0 .0011600
0 .0000167
0.0000070
0.0002571
0 .0001081
0.0005883
0.0002474
0.0000000
0 .0000000
0.0288847
0.0131020
TRAIN TOTAL
0009100
0000131
0000055
0002017
0000848
,0004615
,0001941
0 .0000000
0 .0000000
0.0226596
0 .0102783
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-31
-------
SITE #09
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2-
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-l
5/29/85
1453-1653
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
7v gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MVd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flov(ac fm)
Flov(acmm)
Flov(dsc fm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
69.62365
1 .971742
37 .20606
1 .053676
34.82745
.6517255
29.3372
25.38874
2532.523
772.1106
31165.14
882.5966
13104.1
371 .1082
105.3684
189.9622
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-30
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
(RAW DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD .
SITE #09
BAGHODSE EXHAUST
09-HCL-BO-l
5/29/85
1453-1653
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.) 120
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg) 29.31
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.) .308
Meter Volume (cu.ft.) 75.774
Meter Pressure (in.H20) 1.3
Heter Temperature (F) 106.4
Stack dimension (sq.in.) 1772.059
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20) -.45
Stack Moisture Collected (gm) 789.1
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg) 29.27691
Average stack temperature (F) 340.8
Percent C02 4.85
Percent 02 14.03
Percent N2 81 .12
Delps Subroutine result 16.02473
DGM Factor 1 .0029
Pitot Constant .84
A-29
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.4
HC1 Train Results
A-27
-------
TABLE A-3. RADIAN CEM DATA, RUN 3
Or-r-'-L: USD . CCRPE27ED
ACTjAi. 02 *
:• c =.n—-=
C-.-3E3
, 3-'-.i3
.9703
2.S921
2.59 63
2.3934
2.5352
2,3991
2.39~5
7-. 362.^
2.3945
2.^943
7.3627
.3913
.4359
.3747
*•*
-**
*-*
*-*
*•*
•**
*•*
*•»
**
•*^.
-*»
S7
ME
:== = =
955
1303
1305
10 1C
1215
1Q23
1025
1370
1Q35
1043
1045
1053
1055
1103
1103
1113
1115
1120
1125
1170
1135
114Q
1145
1 153
1153
1233
1235
1210
1 2 1 5
1 22C
1225
1233
1235
124'!
1245
1253
1255
1730
17C5
131 3
1715
1723
1325
1773
1735
134Q
1345
1 753
1753
14C-3
1 --0-
1 4 1 G
i• ::v >
=======
14.6
14.7
14.3
1^.7
14.7
14.9
14,7
14. 7
14.-'
14.7
14. "
15. 1
14.7
14.7
1 er t
14.7
14. -
14.'-
14.7
14.7
15.7
14.6
14.7
14. 7
14. 7
14.7
14.3
14,4
14.0
1 •! . 3
1 -. 3
14. -3
14.7
14.1
14. 1
14.7
14.2
14. 2
1 -.2
14. 2
14. 1
1 -- . ~
14.2
14.2
14.7
14. 1
14. 1
14.0
14.4
I 4 . -1
1 *• . 4
I-1, i
14.3
14. 4
54
14.5
0. 3
CO
=======
17-. 3
1°9. g
176. 3
233. 2
135.0
157. 2
1S5. 9
1S6.2
19=. 5
175.2
1S2.2
231 . 2
173.6
171.3
157.-
129. 3
135.6
144.3
116.2
I G4 . 2
105.0
135.6
97. 3
7.^; . 9
9°. 7
79.7
•61.2
33. 2
£5.5
4.3.3
S2 . 1
S -"- . '3
°6. 3
*"• — . 9
-T Q. 7
7 ' • 3
— — • —
"*2. 4
59. '3
79 . 4
71.1
5 : . 4
7C . 0
74.3
55. 1
6= . 1
73.0
92.9
5^.2
—9 ^
1 S a . 7
5?. 2
SS.O
34. 7
54
112.2
4S.4
C02
a 7.;; o -1
=======
13.4
13.4
12.7
13. 1
13. -
17.5
13. 1
13.2 •
12.5
13. 1
13.3
13.4
13. 1
13.9
13.3
13. 1
13. 2
12.3
13.3
13.3
11.6
13.3
13.7
12.7
13.5
13. 4
12. •?
13. 6
13.5
13.5
13.5
13. 4
11.9
13.3
13.2
17.4
13.5
17.2
13.7
13.4
13. 3
12. 2
17.7
17. -
12. "
13.4
13.3
17.7
17.6
1 ~" •-
17. 7
1-3.3
13. 4
12. 7
54
17. 2
0. 4
— >_j(—
i PPKV '
=======
3.=
2. 3
7.Q
~* . p
2 . —
2. 5
2. 2
2. 4
2.5
2 . 3
r* . ~*
2. 2
2. 1
2.3
1 .7
1 . .2
1.5
1. 4
1.4
1.3
1 .4
1. 1
1 .3
1.-3
1. 1
1 . 1
1.2
1 —
1
1 • Ii
— • "!/
1 . ~
1.3
1 . 5
1 . j-
1 . :
I .¥
i . -3
1 . ::
1 . -
1 . o
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2 . 1
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2. i
1. 2
1 . =
1.7
"^ . 4
1 . 3
1.3
2.3
1. i
1.-
54
1.9
0.0
+ CO. CQ2 and 7HC •-•-slues ars c-rractad ta 7':
To obtai'i act'.i-.l mes.sjrsi --.slues, "Jivide valu
the taSI-3 b/ t^e corr-esponding nt3r-t\=il i cat i on •
A-26
-------
TABLE A-2. RADIAN CEM DATA, RUN 2
•*••
*•*
ncF.r.*!_::=:::• / cc?,FE7,7^D
ACTlJnL 02 +
I-ATA - WITH
TIME
CC'2
*4~=
, 42-? 4
l-= = i'
,4127
. 7-4.1
.3711
.4-1'
"S^S
'. is-ii
. 3~= 7
.531J
^5=3
'.;— -.»,
" .;•=•.. -7
. Me 5
! ;2~3
i*r->~
! 37-3-
. J.-7-i
.•1337
' .{ISM?
". -ii i
•r'=*~ 5
, -•-? .-?
--- 1
!* "i-TJ.—
'. -TOt
1 — •-• . 3
.4315
.' — 'I,"-
• .I-.-'
' . 7J - **• 7
' . " •l." •
>' = f—V
•' V-.T-
".""7-7
• T ;
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• rr-T - •
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•• - - - "
1. 3212
33
:.5C17
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144G
1445
1450
1455
1323
1505
1512
1513
1520
1523
1530
1535
15- a
13-5
1533
1533
16E2
lc-C3
1610
1613
1623
1623
1630
1 177
la-13
16 ^3
1632
Ii3ii
17C.T
17C"
1712
1713
1720
1723
1"70
I77c
17-.7
* 1743
1-37
1737
1 £72
\-.^'~
t -3 1 7
13'.3
1 -37 "3
1S23
157"
13--.?
IS ^3
NO. PT3.
r-'E.",N
5TD. DEV.
13.6
13.5
14. a
13.7
13.5
1-3.4
13.4
13.4
17.7
17.4
13.4
13. 7
13.4
13.~
13.3
13.6
13..=
13.-
13.6
1 -- . 2
13. 6
1 3 . a
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L _• . *
13 . =
1 ~" . —
13.6
17.7
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13.3
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13. -
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17.-
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17.'"
13.3
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17.7
3.2
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7 . 2
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5. .;
32 . 5.
1.7
16.5
1.2
24. i
11.2
31.5
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17. 0
13.0
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13.5
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13.1
13.5
13. I
12.3
13. i
13.2
13. 2
13. i
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17.5
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13. £
13.4
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13. 6
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1 2. 3
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2.3
33
2.7
C. 3
•* CO. CD2 and THC -/slues are ccrrsctad to 3V. Q~
T= obtain ?ctu5l ine=sur5d values, divide values
Che t=?.ois b/ c^>-= ccrrasponjing normalization f i.c
A-25
-------
TABLE A-l. RADIAN CEM DATA, RUN 1
(cont'd.)
•'":". 3 OATri - S!TE C9 - TE3T 1 '
-
*
••
•
-
-
»
-•
'
-•
«
•»
4
-•
*-
<
-
•*•
*
"
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—
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-
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*
-
-i.
4
*
*
*
"*'
-
-•. FT-,
= -•;
. _•' » ^'t— • •
:. SZE^
2. ;r_3 ;
. . 4-23
2. ---U-J..5
_ . — -3 0
2. -1-762
~.=~-j.3
2. -.'-6-6
2 .-3 -3
jj • u ~~"^3
2.3=11
.:. -•.!;i3
*"' ^ ~ 7 ~*
2 . 7 1 4 1
j. 2SS5
2. 7263
2. 2=33
2. 3'H2'l
rlit?
"'Cl
2. Iil7
«.-. i
** 1723
*"* 172*5
+* 1770
• ** 1773
*^- 1~-C
** 1745
*•* 1 733
*•* 1753
.*•» 1303
*•* 1S05
*•* 1S1Q
** tai^
** 1S20
•»* 1=25
+* ' 1330
** 1S33
** 1S4Q
** IS45
** 1S5C-
1-CO
NO. FTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
13.
13.
1 ~ s
13.
13.
13.
13.
17.
13.
17.
13.
13.
13.
13.
1 ~ .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
_
13.
0.
e
3
7
3
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2
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2
2
1
2
1
1
^
1
3
3
~
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64.
of.
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5=.
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25.
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3
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4.
4.
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4.
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^ ^
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4.
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•* CO, C02 ana THC
Tc :bt~;n ^>.ct-', = l .Tie
~.hs tab1. 3 b ,• tha c 3
ar= ccrr=ct=^ t^ 3"; C2.
-d values, divide v 3 lues in
C02 for Run 1 is invalid.
A-24
-------
TABLE A-l. RADIAN CEM DATA, RUN 1
- HITE 0° - TEST 1
02
CORRECTED DAT^ -
CF + +
:=• FPCCESS **
rv-~E= •*•*
•*•*
======= +*
_^
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. wlc^ **
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.;:•:;? It
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=======
1715
1325
1330
1335
1340
13^5
1350
1355
140Q
1405
1413
1^-15
1-23
1425
143-3
1*175
144O
1445
14551
1455
15GC!
1505
1510
1515
152Q
1525
153-j
1535
1542
15-15
\_ =:=••;.
l^SS
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14 (35
1613
Iol5
I =20
1 ~:—~
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170Q
1 "35
17 1C
02
( ;;v ;
=======
17.7
13.7
17. S
13. S
13. S
13,2
' — • —
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
I2.o
IT. a
13. 4
13.6
13. s
13.3
14.3
13.8
13.3
1 •"* , "•*
13.7
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13.7
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17.7
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CO
V F PMV >
•1 3V. 02
=======
47.-
34 . 4
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162.6
1 ^^ . 6
130.5
136.9
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124.5
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190. 7
21-4.3
74.6
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K======
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7. H
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4. I
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7. -
- . 7
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7. B
7. -
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•] • '-
THC
•' F ° MV '
s 7~; 02
===--===
•i. Q
i.. i
6.5
6. 4
5. =
'j « S
6.2
^ * u
5. 1
5. 2
5.4
5 . —
62 . .=
12.1
6.=
"5 • ~
5. =
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.3
CEM Results
A-21
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
SITE #09
T E S
5
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
AMBIENT LOCATION
09-AMB-1B
5/29-30-31/85
29(1330-1915) 30(1134-1140 1430-1925) 31(1005-1345)
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flov(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(d scmm)
Z I
Z EA
402.6125
11 .40199
3.955885
.1120307
.9729938
.9902701
28.84004
28.73457
5035.26
1535.14
50779.37
1438.072
48264.35
1366.846
11 .00016
-14583.23
Program Revis ion: 1/16/
A-20
-------
A
P
R
D
A
A
I
V
A
M
N
E
D
T
A
SOURCE
HOD 2 -
T A )
SITE
ING LOCATION
f
P
ERI
O]
D
SITE #09
AMBIENT
09-AMB-l
T
5
E S
T
LOCATION
B
5/29-30-31/
85
29(1330-1915)
R
E
(
PLANT
PLANT
SAMP
TEST
DATE
TEST
30(1134-1140 1430-1925)
31(1005-1345)
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
1036
29.12
.368
429.216
.83
89.7
1452.205
.0001
83.9
29.12001
75.4
.0001
21
79
33.80447
1 .0013
.84
A-19
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHODS 2-5
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT : .
SITE #9 CORRECTED TO DELETE THE VOLUME SAMPLED DURING THE ENTIRE PERIOD OF THE|
BROKEN IMPINGER (WORST POSSIBLE CASE)
PLANT SIXE :
SAMPLING LOCATION : AMBIENT LOCATION
TEST * : 09-AMB-1A
DATE : 5/29-30-31/85
TEST PERIOD :
29(1330-1915) 30(1135-1140 1430-1925) 31(1005-1345)
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vta(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MVd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(ac fm)
Flow(acmm)
Flov(dsc fm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
356.6796
10.10117
3.500955
9.914703E-02
.9719999
.99028
28.84004
28.73468
5035.249
1535.137
50779.26
1438.069
48246.71
1366.347
9.758161
-14583.23
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-18
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW DATA)
j •
SITE #9 CORRECTED TO DELETE THE VOLUME SAMPLED DURING THE ENTIRE PERIOD OF THE
BROKEN IMPINGER (WORST POSSIBLE CASE)
PLANT SITE :
SAMPLING LOCATION : AMBIENT LOCATION
TEST # s 09-AMB-1A
DATE : 5/29-30-31/85
TEST PERIOD :
29(1330-1915) 30(1135-1140 1430-1925) 31(1005-1345)
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H2O)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
1035
29.12
.368
384.5
.85
92.1
1452.205
.0001
74.25142
29.12001
75.6
.0001
21
79
33 .80447
.9945
.84
A-17
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.2
Ambient Air Train Results
A-15
-------
SITE #09
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST # _
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
09-MM5-BO-3
5/31/85
1002-1202 1213-1413
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vw gas (sen)
Z moisture
Md
MVd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(ac fm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
153.2522
4.340101
82.92742
2.348505
35.11202
.6488798
29.26121
25.30717
2943.447
897.3922
36221 .95
1025.806
15131 .17
428.5147
100.4304
214.341
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-H
-------
RADIAN S C
EPA METHC
(RAW DAT/
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
JURCE TEST
) D 2-5
^ )
SITE #09
BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
09-MM5-BO-3
5/31/85
1002-1202 1213-1413
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
28197
.308
166 .962
1.45
97 .79
1772.059
-.45
1758.8
28.93691
333.21
4.23
14.61
81 .16001
18.48665
.9978
.84
A-13
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
E P A
METHODS
2 -
TEST
5
N A L
R E
F I
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST # -
DATE
TEST PERIOD
S U L T S
: SITE #09
: BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
: 09-MM5-BO-2
: 5/30/85
: 1440-1640 1650-1850
PARAMETER
RESULT
Va(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MV
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpra)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flov(dscmra)
Z I
Z EA
133.3566
3.77666
74.7799
2.117767
35.92829
.6407171
29.334
25.26189
2580.386
786.703
31754.14
899.2771
12956.23
366.9203
102.0627
176.3498
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-12
-------
RAD
EPA
(RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
IAN SOURCE
METHOD 2 -
T E S T
DATA)
SITE #09
BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
09-MM5-BO-2
5/30/85
1440-1640 1650-1850
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure^ ( in .H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.K20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
29.06
.308
145.078
1 .1
98.22
1772.059
-.45
1586
29.02691
344.38
4.91
13.71
81 .38
16.21706
.9978
.84
A-ll
-------
SITE #09
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
BAGBOUSE EXBAUST
09-MM5-BO-1
5/29/85
1450-1650 1704-1904
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscia)
Vv gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(ac fm)
Flow(acmm)
Flov(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
138.5027
3.922398
76.96766
2.179724
35.72076
.6427925
29.3372
25.28747
2444.376
745.2366
30080.41
851.8771
12490.08
353.7191
109.9573
189.9622
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-10
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE *09
BAGHOUSE EXHAUST
09-MM5-BO-1
5/29/85
1450-1650 1704-1904
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Pressure (in.H20)
Temperature (F)
dimension (sq.in.)
Static Pressure (in.H2O)
Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
Meter
Meter
Stack
Stack
Stack
240
29.31
.308
150.343
1 .26
101 .96
1772.059
-.45
1632.4
29.27691
339.81
4.85
14.03
81 .12
15.43609
.9978
.84
A-9
-------
SITE #09
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2-
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST * _
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
BAGHOUSE INLET
09-MM5-BI-3
5/31/85
1010-1410
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(ac £m)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dsc fm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
159.4247
4.514908
59.66361
1 .689673
27 .23268
.7276732
29.6504
26.47769
5271.085
1607 .038
53157 .61
1505.424
9555.144
270.6017
94.97405
84.46114
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-8
-------
RADIAN SOORC
EPA METHOD 2
(RAW DATA)
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
E
- 5
TEST
SITE #09
BAGHODSE INLET
09-MM5-BI-3
5/31/85
1010-1410
PARAMETER
VALUE
Meter
Meter
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Pressure (in.HZO)
Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
28.97
.368
173.972
1.72
103 .29
1452.205
-1 .8
1265.4
28.83765
1600 .14
7 .83
9.939999
82.23001
33.80447
1 .0053
.84
A-7
-------
D
SITE #09
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2-
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST # _
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
BAGHODSE INLET
09-MM5-BI-2
05/30/85
1440-1840
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (aem)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(ac fm)
Flo«(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
142.6047
4.038564
52.81743
1 .49579
27 .02736
.7297265
29.7348
26.5632
4630.264
1411.666
46695.08
1322.405
8691 .128
246.1327
93.39941
40.79573
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-6
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2-
( R A W DATA)
TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE #09
BAGHOUSE INLET
09-MM5-BI-2
05/30/85
1440-1840
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
29.11
.368
157.1
1.46
111.02
1452.205
-1 .8
1120.2
28.97765
1544.89
9.229999
6.45
84.32
29.81478
1 .0053
.84
A-5
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
SITE #09
TEST
5
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t _
DATE
TEST PERIOD
BAGEOUSE INLET
09-MM5-BI-1
5/29/85
1445-1505 1520-1900
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
7w gas (scm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
F low( ac fm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
138.0555
3.909732
51 .77542
1 .46628
27.27449
.7272551
29.9864
26.71717
4437 .217
1352.81
44748.25
1267 .27
8266.71
234.1132
95.06211
53.98245
Program Revision:1/16/84
A-4
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD
(RAW DATA)
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
2-5
SITE #09
BAGHODSE INLET
09-MM5-BI-1
5/29/85
1445-1505 1520-1900
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.) 240
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg) 29.3
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.) .368
Meter Volume (cu.ft.) ,151.49
Meter Pressure (in.H20) 1.27
Meter Temperature (F) 112.2
Stack dimension (sq.in.) 1452.205
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20) -1.8
Stack Moisture Collected (gm) 1098.1
Absolute stack pressure(in Eg) 29.16765
Average stack temperature (F) 1566.3
Percent C02 10.52
Percent 02 7.58
Percent N2 81.9
Delps Subroutine result 28.7482
DGM Factor 1 .0053
Pitot Constant «84
A-3
-------
-------
APPENDIX A.I
Modified Method 5 and EPA Methods 1-4
Field Results
A-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX A
FIELD SAMPLING DATA
-------
-------
TABLE 7-7. PROOF BLANK AND FIELD BLANK DIOXIN/FURAN
DATA FOR SITE CRF-A MM5 SAMPLES
Amount Detected, Nanoarams oer Train
Isomer/
Homologue
ploxins
2378-TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta TCDD
Hexa TCDD
Hepta TCDD
Octa TCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta TCDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Laboratory
Proof Blank
--
ND (0.1)
ND (0.4)
ND (0.2)
0.7
0.8
--
0.9
0.7
1.9
2.6
1.1
Field Blank Mir
Inlet
--
ND (0.2)
ND (0.1)
ND (0.3)
ND (0.2)
0.4
--
0.6
ND (0.3)
ND (0.2)
ND (0.1)
0.2
Outlet
--
ND (0.1)
ND (0.04)
ND (0.2)
0.3
0.5
--
0.6
0.3
0.3
ND (0.7)
0.2
limum Test Run Valu
Inlet Outlet
0.2
3.7
1.9
11.7
17.9
9.6
3.5
51.1
34.3
40.7
28.5
13.1
--
0.3
0.5
0.9
1.0
1.0
--
1.4
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.5
e Ratio(%r
Inlet
--
0
0
0
0
4
--
1
0
0
0
1.5
Outlet
--
0
0
0
30
,50
--
43
50
38
0
40
aRatio of the field blank value to the minimum test run value expressed as a percentage.
ND = not detected.
7-13
-------
TABLE 7-6. ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TROIKA QUALITY
CONTROL SAMPLES FOR SITE CRF-A
Amount detected (Nanoarams
Isomer/
Homologue
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta TCDD
Hexa TCDD
Hepta TCDD
Octa TCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta TCDF
Hexa TCDF
Hepta TCDF
Octa TCDF
Troika
Laboratory
Blank
ND (0.04)
ND (0.07)
ND (0.02)
ND (0.1)
ND (0.2)
0.2
ND (0.1)
0.3
ND (0.2)
ND (0.1)
ND (0.2)
ND (0.1)
oer samole)
Fortified Laboratory
QC Samole
Measured
Value
0.4
ND (0.1)
ND (0.1)
1.8
2.0
3.0
0.9
ND (0.01)
0.7
1.7
1.7
3.0
True
Value3
0.4
ND
ND
1.6
2.4
3.2
0.4
ND
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
Difference
0
0
0
12.5
-16.7
-6.3
125
0
-12.5
6.3
-30
-6.3
True values reperesent the amounts of each homologue spiked into the
blaboratory fortified QC samples.
% = (measured value - true value)/true value x 100
ND = not detected (detection limit indicated in parenthesis)
7-12
-------
The low surrogate recoveries for the acid fractions is believed to be
due to the extraction and clean-up procedure rather than the analytical
procedure. The base neutral fraction surrogate recovery values are within
the Tier 4 QA criteria of 40 to 120 percent.
7.3.1.2 Sample Blanks Table 7-6 summarizes the analytical results
reported by Troika for internal laboratory blanks and laboratory fortified
quality control (QC) samples. Comparison of the measured and spiked values
for the laboratory fortified QC samples showed agreement to within +25
percent for all target species except for 2378-TCDF. The measured value
for the 2378-TCDF was 125 percent higher than the spiked value.
The analytical results of the quality control field and laboratory MM5
train blanks are summarized in Table 7-7.
Octa-CDD, TCDF, and octa-CDF were detected in the inlet field blank
but at levels that were less than 5% of the inlet minimum test run value.
For the outlet field blank, all the homologues were detected except for
TCDD, penta-CDD, hexa-CDD, and hepta-CDF. The blank concentrations were
less than 50 percent of the outlet minimum test run value. Thus, field
recovery of the MM5 samples was considered adequate at Site MM5 samples was
considered adequate at Site CRF-A.
The laboratory proof blank contained measureable quantities of all
homologues except TCDD, penta-CDD and hexa-CDD. However, since the field
blank results are considered reasonable, the test run data reported in
Section 4 were not blank-corrected.
7.3.2 Total Chloride Analysis
Total chloride analyses were performed by Radian/Austin on the HC1
train samples. QA/QC activities included total chloride analysis of field
recovery blank HC1 train samples and total chloride analysis of an aliquot
of the KOH solution used in the sample train impingers. The NaOH blank,
the HC1 train probe rinse/filter blank, and the HC1 train impinger blank
rinses each contained less than 1 mg/L of chlorides. Therefore, the HC1
results did not require correction.
7-n
-------
TABLE 7-5. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR SITE CRF-A FEED SAMPLES
Surrogate
Compound
Percent Surrogate Recovery
Spent Carbon Feed Samoles
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Averaae
Base Neutrals Fraction
d^-di chlorobenzene
bromobiphenyl
2', 5, 5' tetra
bromobiphenyl
14
79
83
24
63
53
27
65
104
22
69
80
Acids Fraction
dg-phenol 16
d^.-2-chlorophenol 36
C -pentachlorophenol 3
6
15
25
NO
16
30
NO
16
32
1
7-10
-------
TABLE 7-4. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR
SITE CRF-A DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSES
Sample
Type
MH5 Train Samples
Inlet
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Outlet
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Ambient Train
Proof Blank
Field Blank
(Inlet/Outlet)
Laboratory Blank
QC (MM5)
Laboratory Fortified
QC (MM5)
Baqhouse Dust Samples
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
C14
TCDD
70
80
92
84
82
68
92
82
84/88
78
50
-
-
-
13C
42
TCDD
96
86
94
90
80
94
92
80
92/102
88
60
86
94
116
37C1
U4
Hepta-CDD
114
122
102
80
116
90
92
116
138/64
110
70
-
-
•
13C
42
Octa-CDD
84
66
64
82
77
105
72
79
94/72
100
74
51
73
78
7-9
-------
7.3 LABORATORY ANALYSES
QA/QC activities were carried out for dioxin/furan, dioxin precursor,
and total chloride analyses performed on Site CRF-A samples. The
dioxin/furan analyses of MM5 train samples performed by Troika are
considered in Section 7.3.1; the dioxin precursor analyses of the spent
carbon feed samples performed by Radian/RTP are considered in
Section 7.3.2; and the total chloride analyses of HC1 train samples and
process samples are considered in Section 7.3.3.
7.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
Two individual topics related to the dioxin/furan analyses at
Site CRF-A are discussed in this section. Analytical recoveries of labeled
surrogate compounds spiked onto MM5 train samples are reported in Section '
7.3.1.1. Sample blank data are reported in Section 7.3.1.2.
7.3.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the Test Samples. Table 7-4 presents
the analytical recovery data reported by Troika for four isotopically
labeled surrogate compounds spiked onto the samples requiring dioxin/furan
analysis. MM5 train samples were spiked with all four of the surrogates.
Average surrogate recoveries the MM5 train samples was 89 percent for the "
spray cooler/baghouse inlet and 87 percent for the outlet. For the ambient
train samples, the average recovery was 87 percent and for the blank
samples the average recovery was 91 percent. These surrogate recovery
values were within the Tier 4 QA criteria of 40 to 120 percent for the
tetra-CDD surrogate and 40 to 120 percent for the hepta- and octa-CDD
surrogates.
The baghouse ash samples were spiked with two isotopically labeled
surrogate compounds. The average recovery of these compounds was 83
percent.
The spent carbon slurry samples were analyzed for dioxin/furan
precursors and spiked with six isotopically labelled compounds. The
analytical recovery efficiencies of these surrogate compounds are
summarized in Table 7-5. The average recovery for the base neutral
fractions was 60 percent and for the acids fractions was 16 percent.
7-8
-------
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7-7
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logbook. All samples shipped to Troika or returned to Radian-RTP were also
logged on chain-of-custody records that were signed by the field sample
custodian upon shipment and also signed upon receipt at the laboratory.
Each sample container lid was individually sealed to ensure that samples
were not tampered with. No evidence of loss of sample integrity was
reported for samples collected at this site.
7.2 CONTINUOUS MONITORING/MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
Flue gas parameters measured continuously at the outlet location
during the MM5 test runs include CO, C02, 02> total hydrocarbons (THC).
The concentration of 02, C02, and nitrogen (N2) was also determined for
integrated bag samples of the flue gas. Quality control results for these
analyses are discussed in this section.
Drift check results for the continuously monitored flue gas parameters"
are summarized in Table 7-3. Data reduction was performed by assuming a
linear drift of the instrument response over the test day based on drift
checks at the beginning and end of the day. The largest calibration drifts
were observed for the C02 analyzer, but did not exceed QC target goals for
any test run. The smallest instrument drift was observed in the 02 monitor.
The quality control standards for this program consisted of mid-range *
concentration standards that were intended for QC purposes and not for
instrument calibration. The QC gases were analyzed immediately after
calibration each day to provide data on day-to-day instrument variability.
The acceptance criteria for the analysis of each QC standard was agreement
within +/-10 percent (%) of the running mean value. This criteria was met
for each of the monitored gases on each of the test days.
Molecular weight was determined by analyzing integrated bag samples of
flue gas for 02, C02, and N2. Quality control for this analysis involved
duplicate analyses of calibration gases immediately before and after sample
analysis. Analysis of the calibration gases was repeated until two consecu-
tive analyses within +/-S percent were obtained. This same criteria of
+/-5 percent applied to duplicate analyses required for sample quantification.
These criteria were met for all molecular weight determinations.
7-6
-------
Table 7-2. SUMMARY OF ISOKINETIC RESULTS
Run
Number
01
92
03
MM5 Outlet3
% Isokinetic
109.9
102.0
100.4
HC1 Outlet3
% Isokinetic
105.3
104.3
97.9
MM5 Inleta
% Isokinetic
95.0
93.4
94.9
aThe quality assurance objective for MM5 and HC1 sampling was isokinetics
of 100+10 percent.
7-5
-------
and #2. There may have been some obstruction under the pi tot at these
points during the first two tests.
In light of the Tier 4 Dioxin Testing Program objectives, it is not
believed that the problems with the sampling locations will create any
significant deviation between the sampling results and true stack
concentrations of emissions.
A problem was encountered with one of the ambient sampling trains. It
was also the train from which the resin trap was sent to Troika. The
problem being that the bottom of the impinger broke during sampling on
the second day. It is impossible to pinpoint the time of the break or
the split in flow from the break and what may have been drawn through
the resin trap. It is possible to determine a conservative estimate of
the total cubic feet sampled by subtracting the cubic feet sampled
during the time period of the break from the total cubic feet sampled
during the test period. This procedure reduces the sampled volume from
12.66 dry standard cubic meters (DSCM) or 447.02 dry standard cubic feet
(DSCOF) to 10.10 DSCM or 356.68 DSCF. If any dioxin is found by Troika
this method will impart a slightly high bias to the ambient air values.
At this time it is believed that this will not have more than a minor
effect on the test results.
Results of the average isokinetic calculations for all the test runs
are shown in Table 7-2, All the test runs fell within the required quality
assurance value of 100+10 percent.
Initial, final and port change leak checks for the MM5 and HC1 sample
trains achieved the QA objectives for all of the test runs. None of the
reported sample volumes required correction for sample train leakage. All
leak check data were noted on the MM5 field data sheets.
7.1.3 Sample Custody
Sample custody procedures used during this program emphasized careful
documentation of the samples collected and the use of chain-of-custody
records for samples transported to the laboratory for analysis. Steps
taken to identify and document samples collected included labeling each
sample with a unique alphanumeric code and logging the sample in a master
7-4
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was maintained for the specific purpose of sample train assembly and
recovery.
7.1.2 Procedural QC Activities/Manual Gas Sampling
Procedural QC activities during the manual gas sampling for
dioxin/furan and HC1 focused on:
visual equipment inspections,
utilization of sample train blanks,
ensuring the proper location and number of traverse
points,
conducting pre-test and post-test sample train leak
checks,
maintaining proper temperatures at the filter housing,
sorbent trap and impinger train,
maintaining isokinetic sampling rates, and
-. ' recording all data on preformatted field data sheets.
Unusual circumstances noted while carrying out the procedural QC
activities are discussed below.
There were two inherent problems with the inlet sampling location.
Number one was a build-up on the interior surface of the duct. This
build-up was visible and fairly uneven. The interior diameter was
estimated to be 43 inches. However, when sampling at the first two
points into the stack it was noted that the temperatures were much lower
than any of the other points. A theory, and only a theory, is that the
probe was in a pocket of the slag or at least being shielded from the
radiant heat. The second problem was the fact that there was only one
sampling port which was horizontal into the horizontal duct. This could
give a bias to the sample if there was stratification in the duct. It
was not possible to have another vertical port installed due to the high
temperature of the gas stream.
The outlet had one inherent problem. This was seen as a very low
pitot reading at point B4 and B5 as compared to the rest of-the sampling
points. This was very noticeable from the data sheets during test #1
7-3
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-Table 7-1. GLASSWARE PRECLEANING PROCEDURE
NOTE: USE DISPOSABLE GLOVES AND ADEQUATE VENTILATION
1. Soak all glassware in hot soapy water (Alconox ) 50°C or higher.
2. Distilled/deionized H20 rinse (X3).
p
3, Chromerge rinse if glass, otherwise skip to 4.
4. High purity liquid chromatography grade H20 rinse (X3).
5. Acetone rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
6. Methylene chloride rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
7. Cap glassware with clean glass plugs or methylene chloride rin'sed
aluminum foils.
a(X3). - three times.
7-2
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7.0 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
This section summarizes results of quality assurance and quality
control (QC/QC) activities for field sampling at Site CRF-A. Manual gas
sampling methods are considered-in Section 7.1, and continuous monitoring
and molecular weight determinations are considered in Section 7.2
7.1 MANUAL GAS SAMPLING
Manual gas sampling methods at Site CRF-A included Modified Method 5
(MM5), EPA Methods 1 through 4, and HC1 testing. These methods are
discussed in Section 6.0. Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC)
activities for the manual sampling methods centered around (1) equipment
calibration, (2) glassware pre-cleaning, (3) procedural QC checks and *
(4) sample custody procedures. Key activities and QC results in each of
these areas are discussed in this section. Also discussed are problems
encountered that may have affected data quality.
7.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware Preparation
Pre-test calibrations or inspections were conducted on pi tot tubes,
sampling nozzles, temperature sensors and analytical balances. Both
pre-test and post-test calibrations were performed on the dry gas
meters. The calibration data sheets for Site CRF-A are included in
Appendix D. All of the field test equipment met the calibration criteria
specified in the Tier 4 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Differences
in the pre-test and post-test dry gas meter calibrations were less than
2.4 percent (%).
A pre-cleaning procedure was used for all sample train glassware and
sample containers. This cleaning procedure, which is outlined in
Table 7-1, was implemented to minimize the potential for sample
contamination with substances that could interfere with the dioxin/furan
analysis. To minimize the potential for contamination in the field, all
sample train glassware was capped with foil prior to use. A sample trailer
7-1
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6.4 TOTAL CHLORINE ANALYSIS
•^
Total chlorine concentrations in feed samples were determined by Parr
bomb combustion followed by ion chromatography (1C). A 0.5g sample was placed
in the Parr bomb with 10 mL of a 50 g/L Na2C03 solution. After combustion of
the samples according to standard procedures (ASTM 2015), the contents of the
bomb were rinsed into a 100 mL flask and diluted to 100 mL. The resulting
solution was analyzed for chloride concentration (Cl") by 1C using standard
anion conditions. For samples difficult to combust (such as sludges), 25
drops of paraffin oils were added to the bomb prior to combustion.
6-10
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TABLE 6-3. ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS FOR TOX ANALYSIS
Hall Detector Conditions
Reactor temperature - 850°C
Solvent - n-propanol
Hydrogen flow rate - 35 mL/min
GC Conditions (Varian 3700)
Injection volume (1 - 5 uL)
Helium carrier gas flow rate - 60 mL/min
Column - 3-ft packed column with 1 in 10% 0V 101
Column temperature - 200°C isothermal
6-9
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TABLE 6-2. COMPONENTS OF THE CALIBRATION SOLUTION
Base/Neutrals
4-chlorobiphenyl
3,3'-di chl orobi phenyl
2,4',5-tri chlorobi phenyl
3,3'4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2',6,6 * -tetrachlorobi phenyl
2,2,4,5,6-pentachlorobi phenyl
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6,6'-nonachlorobiphenyl
decachlorobi phenyl
p-dichlorobenzene
1,2,4-tri chlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
d4-l,4-dichlorobenzene (SS)1
3-bromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexabromobiphenyl (SS)
9
octachloronaphthalene (QS)
djQ-phenanthrene (QS)
d12-chrysene (QS)
Aci
2,5-dichlorophenol
2,3-dichlorophenol
2,6-dichlorophenol
3,5-dichlorophenol
3,4-dichlorophenol
2,3,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,6-trichlorophenol
3,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,4,5-tri chlorophenol
2,3,4-tri chlorophenol
2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol
pentachlorophenol
dg-phenol (SS)
d.-2-chlorophenol (SS)
Cg-pentachlorophenol (SS)
dg-naphthalene (QS)
2,4,6-tribromophenol (QS)
djg-phenanthrene (QS)
(QS)
1
Surrogate standard.
•Quantitation standard.
6-8
-------
Components of the calibration solution are shown in Table 6-2. For
multi-point calibrations, this solution was injected at levels of 10, 50, 100,
and 150 ng/ml.
Compound identification was confirmed by comparison of chromatographic
retention times and mass spectra of unknowns with retention times and mass
spectra of reference compounds. Since the selected ion monitoring technique
was necessary for the samples analyzed, care was taken to monitor a
sufficiently wide mass region to avoid the potential for reporting false
positives.
The instrument detection limit for the analytes of interest (i.e., CP,
CB, and PCB) was estimated to be approximately 500 pg on column. For a 50 g
sample and 100 percent recovery of the analyte, this corresponds to a feed
sample detection limit of 10 ppb.
•
6.3 TOX ANALYSIS
Incinerator feed samples were analyzed for total organic halide (TOX) by
short-column GC and a Hall detector (GC/Hall). Solid samples were extracted
with benzene for at least 16 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were
washed three times with 100 ml portions of reagent-grade water concentrated to
10 ml.
An attempt to use a fused silica capillary column to separate surrogates
from target compounds was unsuccessful due to the complexity of the sample
constituents. Determinations for TOX were therefore performed on samples
without surrogates and no measure of extraction efficiency is available.
Instrument conditions are shown in Table 6-3. Sample quantitation was
based on an average response factor developed from a mixture of chlorinated
benzenes and brominated biphenyls. Individual CP, CB and PCBs were also
injected at various concentrations to develop a calibration curve for
comparison to the mixture response factors.
6-7
-------
TABLE 6-1. ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE GC/MS
Parameter
Chlorobenzenes/
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Chlorophenols
Column
Injector Temperature
Separator Oven Temperature
Column Head Pressure
He flow rate
GC program
Emission Current
Electron Energy
Injection Mode
Mode
30 m WB DB-5 (1.0 u film
thickness) fused silica
capillary
290°C
290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(4)-290°C,
min & hold
0.50 mA
70 eV
Split!ess 0.6 min,
then 10:1 split
Electron ionization,
Selected Ion Monitoring
same
290°C
290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40m-290°C,
12°/min & hold
0.50 mA
70 eV
6-6
-------
Na2S04,
exchanged to hexane and concentrated. Final cleanup of the sample by
column chromatography involved the following procedure.
A glass macro-column, 20 mm o.d. x 230 mm in length, tapered to 6 mm o.d.
on one end was prepared. The column was packed with a plug of si 1 anized glass
wool, followed successively by 1.0 g silica, 2.0 g silica containing 33% (w/w)
1 N NaOH, and 2.0 g silica. After wetting the chromatography column with
hexanes, the concentrated extract was quantitatively transferred to the column
and eluted with 90 ml hexanes. The entire eluate was collected and
concentrated to a volume of 1 ml in a centrifuge tube.
A disposable liquid chromatography mini-column was constructed by cutting
off a 5-mL Pyrex disposable pipette at the 2.0 ml mark and packing the lower
portion of the tube with a small plug of silanized glass wool, followed by 1 g
of Woehlm basic alumina. The alumina had been previously activated for at
least 16 hours at 600°C in a muffle furnace and cooled in a desiccator for 30"
minutes just before use. The concentrated eluate from above was
quantitatively transferred onto the liquid chromatography column. The
centrifuge tube was rinsed consecutively with two 0.3-mL portions of a 3
percent HeCl2: hexanes solution, and the rinses were transferred to the liquid
chromatography column.
The liquid chromatography column was eluted with 20 mL of a 50 percent
(v/v) MeCl£:hexanes solution, and the eluate was concentrated to a volume of
approximately 1 ml by heating the tubes in a water bath while passing a stream
of prepurified N2 over the solutions. The quantisation standard was added and
the final volume was adjusted to 1.0 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
6.2.1.2 Analysis Analyses for CP, CB and PCBs present in the feed
sample extracts were performed with a Finnigan Model 5100 mass spectrometer
using selected ion monitoring. A fused silica capillary column was used for
chromatographic separation of the compounds of interest. Analytical
conditions for the GC/MS analysis are shown in Table 6-1.
Tuning of the GC/MS was performed daily as specified in the Tier 4 QA
Project Plan. An internal-standard calibration procedure was used for sample
quantitation. Compounds of interest were calibrated against a fixed
concentration of either d12-chrysene (for CB, PCS) or dg-naphthalene (for CP).
6-5
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SOg Sample
LOfflC Baae/Nautral Surrogates
1.0ml. Acid Surrogate*
Sonicate with 300mL
SO/SO MeClg/Hexanea for 30 mln.
Filter thru Buchner Funnel with
Qlasswool Cake and Filter Paper
Extract 3x with SOmL 0.9 N
NaOH In 1.0L Seperatory Funnel
Aqueous
Organic
Adjust to pH2 with 1:1 H2SO4,
Extract 3x with SOmL MeClj
Discard Aqueous
Filter with Na2SO4
Discard
Acid Layer
Add aOmLCone. HjSO4:
Shake 4 mln; Alternate
with 20mL distilled H2O;
Repeat until acid la clear.
Add 10mL Benzene
Concentrate to 1mL
Fitter with Na2SO4
To 1mL Benzene add:
a.CmL Iso octane
2.0mL Acetonltrlle
SOuLPyrldme
2O uL Acetic Anlydrlde
I
Add 1OmL Hexanea;
Concentrate to 1mL
Pre-wet Column
with aOmL Hexanes
Chromatography column with:
1.Og Silica
a.Og 33% NaOH Silica
J.Og Silica
Put In 6Cf C Hf bath
for 15 minutes, Shaking
30 seconds every 2 minutes.
Elute with 90mL Hexanes;
Concentrate to 1mL
Add 6mL of O.O1 N
H3P04;
Shake 2 mlnutea.
Mini-column with
1.0g Alumina
Elute with 2OmL SO/SO
MeCI2/Hexanes
Add Quantltatlon Standards;
Concentrate to 1mL
GC/MS Analysis
Figure 6-1. Sample preparation flow diagram for
CRF-A precursor analyses.
6-4
-------
are derivatized prior to injection. Details on the procedures used for
Site 02 samples are provided in the sections below.
6.2.1.1 Sample Preparation A flow chart for the sample preparation
procedure used for Site CRF-A feed samples is shown in Figure 6-1. The first
step in the procedure involved adding labeled surrogate compounds to provide a
measure of extraction method efficiency. The next step involved adding a
mixture of 0.5 N NaOH and HeCl- to the sample and sonicating the sample for 30
minutes. The NaOH and HeClg mixture converts the acid compounds to their
salts and collects base/neutrals in the organic solvent. The sonicated
sample was filtered and rinsed with 0.5 N NaOH. The filtrate was extracted
three times in a separatory funnel with MeCl2 and the aqueous and organic
fractions were saved for derivatization and/or further cleanup. The aqueous
fraction (or acids portion) was acidified to pH2 with HC1 and then extracted
three times with MeClg. The HeCl2 from this extraction was dried with
anhydrous Na2SO,, exchanged to benzene, and concentrated using a nitrogen
blowdown apparatus. Acetylation of any CP present in the sample involved the
following steps:
1. 2.0 ml isooctane, 2.0 ml acetonitrile, 50 uL pyridine, and 20 uL
acetic anhydride were added to the extract. The test tube
containing the extract was placed in a 60 C water bath for 15
minutes and was shaken 30 seconds every 2 minutes.
2. 6 ml of 0.01 N H3PO. to the test tube, and the sample was agitated
for 2 minutes on a wrist action shaker.
3. The organic layer was removed and the quantitation standard was
added. The sample was concentrated in a Reacti-Vial at room
temperature (using prepurified N2) to 1 mL prior to GC/MS analysis.
Cleanup of the organic (or base/neutrals) layer from the first MeCl2
extraction involved successively washing the extract with concentrated H2S04
and deionized distilled water. The acid or water was added in a 30 ml portion
and the sample was shaken for two minutes. After the aqueous (or acid) and
organic layers were completely separated, the aqueous (or acid) layer was
discarded. The acid washing procedure was repeated until the acid layer was
colorless. The organic fraction from the final wash was dried with anhydrous
6-3
-------
was repeated three times, with the organic fractions ultimately being combined
and concentrated for~chromatographic cleanup.
The cleanup procedure involved using liquid chromatographic columns to
separate the compounds of interest from other compounds present in the
samples. Four different types of columns were used: a combination acid and
base modified silica gel column, a basic alumina column, a PX-21 carbon/eelite
545 column and a silica/diol micro column. These were used in successive
steps, with the last two being used only if necessary.
The cleaned samples were analyzed using high resolution gas
chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Conditions for the
analyses were as follows:
Gas Chromatoqraph -
Injector configured for capillary column, split!ess
injection; injector temperature 280 C; helium carrier <
at 1.2 ml/min; initial column temperature 100 C: fipal
column temperature 240 C; interface temperature 270 C.
Mass Spectrometer - Varian/MAT Model 311A; electron energy 70ev; filament
emission 1mA; mass resolution 8000 to 10,000; ion source
temperature 270 C.
6.2 DIOXIN/FURAN PRECURSORS
Feed samples for Site CRF-A were analyzed by Radian/RTP for chlorophenols
(CP), chlorobenzenes (CB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC/MS; total
organic halides (TOX) by GC/Hall detector; total chlorine by Parr bomb
combustion followed by ion chromatography. Analytical procedures are
discussed in the following sections.
6.2.1 GC/MS Analyses
The analytical procedures used for determining CP, CB, and PCB
concentrations in feed samples are modified versions of procedures typically
used for the analysis of MM5 train components. These procedures involve
initial extraction of the sample with an appropriate solvent, preliminary
separation of the compounds of interest by solvent partitioning and liquid
chromatography, and analysis of the processed fractions. Solutions containing
CB and PCB are injected directly into the GC/MS, and solutions containing CP
6-2
-------
6.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Laboratory procedures used to quantify dioxins/furans and dioxin/furan
precursors in the Tier 4 samples are described in this section. MM5 train
samples were analyzed by EPA's EMSL-RTP and EC!-Bay St. Louis laboratories for
dioxin/furan content. Procedures used for these analyses are described in
detail in the Analytical Procedures and QA Plan for the Analysis of Tetra-
through Octa-CDD's and CDF's in Samples from Tier 4 Combustion and
Incineration Processes (addendum to EPA/600/385-/019. April, 1985). These
procedures are summarized in Section 6.1.
Combustion device feed samples from Site CRF-A were analyzed by Radian to
determine concentrations of chlorinated phenols (CP), chlorobenzenes (CB),
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total organic halogen (TOX) and total
chlorine. Procedures used for these analyses are detailed in Section 6.2.
6.1 DIOXINS/FURANS
The analytical procedures summarized in this section were used by Troika
for dioxin/furan analysis of MM5 train samples from Site CRF-A. Samples
consisting of organic solvents, aqueous solutions, and solids were prepared
for analysis using slightly different procedures. The'organic solvent samples
consisted of rinses from the MM5 probe, nozzle, filter housing and condenser
coil. Aqueous samples consisted of impinger catch solutions, and solid
samples included filters and XAD resin. Isotopically-labeled surrogate
compounds were added to all samples prior to extraction to allow determination
of method efficiency and for quantification purposes.
Organic liquid samples (e.g., acetone and methylene chloride-based MM5
train rinses) were concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown apparatus. The
residue, which contained particulate matter from the MM5 train probe and
nozzle, was combined with the filter and handled as a solid sample. Solid
samples were extracted with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for a period of at
least 16 hours. The extract was concentrated by nitrogen blowdown and
subjected to chromatographic cleanup procedures.
Aqueous solutions (e.g., MM5 train impinger samples) were extracted with
hexane by vigorous shaking for a three hour period. This extraction procedure
6-1
-------
5.3.2 Reactivated Carbon Product
During each test day a 500 g composite of reactivated product was
prepared from hourly grab samples. The grab sample was collected from a
sampling chute located between the bottom hearth of the furnace and the
product quench tank. The sample was collected hot into a 2 quart stainless
steel can and was covered and placed in a bucket of water to ;quench the
temperature of the sample. After cooling, the top half of the can contents
was discarded and the remainder was placed into a large stainless steel
bucket. At the end of-the test day the grab samples were mixed well and a
500 g daily sample was prepared.
5.3.3 Baqhouse Dust Sampling
During each test day, a 500 g composite sample of baghouse dust was
prepared from individual hourly samples. The hourly samples were collected *
from the four dust storage boxes beneath the baghouse hoppers and composited
in a large container. At the end of the test day the composite was thoroughly
mixed, and a 500 g daily sample was prepared. These samples were shipped to
Troika for dioxin/furan analysis.
5-16
-------
The purposes of the continuous monitoring effort were to observe fluctuations
in flue gas parameters, and provide an indication of combustion conditions.
Sample acquisition was accomplished using an in-stack filter probe and Teflon
sample line connected to a mobile laboratory. The heat-traced sample line was
maintained at a temperature of at least 120°C (250°F) to prevent condensation
in the sample line. The stack gas sample was drawn through the filter and
sample line using pumps located in the mobile laboratory. Sample gas analyzed
for CO, CCL, and CL was pumped through a sample gas conditioner which removes
moisture and thus provides a dry gas stream for analysis. A separate
unconditioned gas stream was supplied to the THC analyzer for analysis on a
wet basis.
An Anarad Model 412 nondispersive infrared analyzer was used to measure
CO and C02; a Beckman model 755 paramagnetic analyzer was used to measure 02;
and a Beckman Model 402 flame ionization analyzer was used to measure THC.
5.3 SOLID SAMPLING
At Site CRF-A, solid samples were collected of spent carbon feed,
reactivated carbon, and baghouse dust. The sampling locations and methods are
discussed in the following sections.
5.3.1 Feed Sampling
Three composite samples of the spent carbon slurry were prepared from
individual hourly samples during each test day. The hourly samples were
collected from a tap valve prior to the one-hour surge tank that feeds the
furnace. Spent carbon slurry leaving the tap valve was screened with a 50
mesh shovel to remove excess water, and the screened sample was placed in a
container for compositing. At the end of the test day the composite was
thoroughly mixed, and three samples were prepared. A 500 g sample was sent to
Troika for dioxin/furan analysis, another 500 g sample was returned to
Radian/RTP for dioxin precursor analysis, and a 100 g sample was shipped to
Radian/Austin for total chloride analysis.
5-15
-------
Recovery of the ambient XAD sample trains was performed in a manner
similar to that of the MM5 train. The probes were rinsed with acetone and
methylene chloride three times each, and this rinse and the condensate (if
any) were stored in a single sample container. The sorbent trap was capped
with ground glass caps. The ambient air sample consists of the rinse and the
sorbent trap. The samples were shipped from the field to Troika for
dioxin/furan analysis and returned to Radian for dioxin precursor analysis.
5.2.2.4 Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination. The volumetric gas flow
rate was determined using EPA Method 2. Based on this method, the volumetric
gas flow rate is determined by measuring the average velocity of the flue gas
an the cross-sectional area of the duct. The average flue gas velocity is
calculated from the average gas velocity pressure ( P) across an S-type pi tot
tube, the average flue gas temperature, the wet molecular weight, and the
absolute static pressure.
5.2.2.5 Flue Gas Moisture Determination. The moisture content of the
flue gas was determined using EPA Method 4. Bsaed on this method, a known
volume of particulate-free gas was pulled through a chilled impinger train.
The quantity of condensed water was determined gravimetrically and then
related to the volume of gas sample to determine the moisture content.
5.2.2.6 Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination. The integrated
sampling technique described in EPA Method 3 was used to obtain a composite
flue gas sample for fixed gas (02, C02, N2) analysis. The fixed gas analysis
was used to determine the molecular weight of the gas stream. A small
diaphragm pump and a stainless steel probe were used to extract single point
flue gas samples. The samples were collected at the sampling ports using °
D
Tedlar bags. Moisture was removed from the gas sample by a water-cooled
condenser so that the fixed gas analysis would be on a dry basis.
The composition of the gas sample was determined using a Shimadzu Model
3Bt analyzer instead of the Fyrite or Orsat analyzer prescribed in Method 3.
The Shimadzu instrument employs a gas chromatograph and a thermal conductivity
detector to determine the fixed gas composition of the sample.
5.2.2.7 Continuous Emissions Monitoring. Continuous emissions
monitoring was performed in the exhaust stack for 02, CCL, CO and THC
throughout the period that dioxin sampling was being conducted each test day.
5-14
-------
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-------
5.2.2.2 HC1 Determination. HC1 concentration in the baghouse outlet
exhaust stack was determined using another modification of EPA Method 5. The
sample train components and operation were identical to those of EPA Method 5
with the following exceptions:
1. Water in the first two impingers was replaced with 0.1 NaOH.
2. Sampling was single point isokinetic with the nozzle placed at a
point in the stack with approximate average velocity.
3. The moisture/NaOH in the impingers was saved'for laboratory analysis
by ion chromatography. The impinger catch was analyzed for total
chlorides by Radian.
4. The sampling period was 120 minutes for Runs 01 and 02, and 60
minutes for Run 03.
*
Recovery of the HC1 train provided a sample consisting of three components:
probe rinse, filter, and back-half rinse/impinger catch. These components
were shipped from the field to Radian's Austin, Texas laboratory where they
were analyzed for HC1.
5.2.2.3 Ambient Air Sampling. A schematic diagram of the "ambient XAD"
sample train is shown in Figure 5-6. The ambient train consisted of a short
glass probe, sorbent trap, knockout impinger (optional) silica gel impinger,
umbilical line, pump, and dry gas meter. Ambient air was drawn into the
sorbent module, where is was cooled to 20°C (68°F) or lower, and the organic
constituents were adsorbed by the XAD resin. The gas was then dried with the
sil-ica gel and the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter.
Both ambient XAD sample trains were leak tested before and after each
test run at 2.5 kPa (10 inches H20) to ensure that the total leakage was less
than 0.02 cfm. The dry gas meter reading was recorded twice daily at the
beginning and end of each test period. The dry gas meter temperature, ice
bath temperatures, pressure, and volume were recorded once per hour during the
sampling periods. Although the sampling pump was only operated during MM5
sampling, the sorbent traps were cooled continuously (24 hours/day) to 20°C
(68°F) or lower.
5-12
-------
28/i a
XAO-2
Trap -*•
28/12
Thermocouple W«H
Co«r*« Frit
28/12
Figure 5-5. Adsorbent sampling system.
5-11
-------
E
a
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-------
version of EPA Method 5 that includes a solid sorbent module for trapping
vapor phase organicss- The only differences in the sampling protocol which
were not discussed in the Tier 4 QAPP are as follows:
1. Benzene was substituted for hexane or toluene as both the cleanup
and extractant solvent for both the MM5 filters and the XAD-2 resin.
This was caused by a discrepancy between the draft ASME sampling
protocol and the draft ASME analytical protocol. (November 16, 1985)
2. Methylene chloride was substituted for hexane as the final field
rinse solvent for the MM5 train. Methylene chloride was also
substituted for hexane in the glassware cleaning procedure. This
was caused by a high field train blank. (February 27, 1985)
The MM5 samples were collected isokinetically over a 4-hour sampling
period at the exhaust stack location in order to provide a sample volume
greater than the minimum of 3.4 dscm (120 dscf). At the spray cooler inlet, "
the MM5 samples were collected isokinetically over a 4 hour sampling period to
provide a sample volume greater than the minimum of 2.5 dscm (90 dscf). The
MM5 sampling rates at both locations were between 0.014 to 0.021 scmm (0.'5 and
0.75 scfm).
Following sample recovery, the various parts of the^sample (filter,^ _.
solvent rinses, sorbent trap, etc.) were sent to the EPA's^Ti'tnlta laboratories
to quantify 2,3,7,8-TCDD, the tetra- through octa-PCDD homologues, and the
tetra- through octa-PCDF homologues present in the samples.
A schematic diagram of the MM5 sampling train is shown in Figure 5-4.
Flue gas was pulled from the stack through a nozzle and a glass-lined probe.
Particulate matter was removed from the gas stream by means of a glass fiber
filter housed in a Teflon-sealed glass filter holder maintained at 1200C+14°C
(2480F+25°F). The gas passed through a sorbent trap similar to that
illustrated in Figure 5-5 for removal of organic constituents. The trap
consisted of separate sections for 1) cooling the gas stream, and 2) adsorbing
the organic compounds on Amber!ite XAD-2 resin (XAD). A chilled impinger
train following the sorbent trap was used to remove water from the flue gas,
and a dry gas meter is used to measure the sample gas flow.
5-9
-------
Table 5-2. Summary of Gas Sampling Methods Used at Site CRF-A
Sample Location
Sample Type
or Parameter
Sample
Collection Method
Baghouse Outlet
Exhaust Stack
(Point A in Fig. 5-1)
Spray Cooler Inlet
(Afterburner Outlet,
Point B in Fig. 5-1)
Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Outlet (Afterburner Inlet,
Point C in Fig. 5-1)
Ambient Air Sampling
(Near Atomizing Air Intake,
Point D in Fig. 5-1)
Dioxin/furan
Volumetric flow
Molecular weight
Moisture
HC1
CO, CO,,, 0~, NOY,
S02, and THC x
monitoring
Dioxin/furan
Volumetric flow
Molecular Weight
Moisture
Molecular Weight
Dioxin/furan
Dioxin precursors
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
HC1 Train
Continuous Monitors ;
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
EPA Method 3
Ambient Air Train
Ambient Air Train
5-8
-------
is located on the side of the duct. The port was approximately 11.0 m (9.8
duct diameters) downstream of a 90° bend leading from the ma'in afterburner
section and 1.3 m (1.1 duct diameters) upstream of a 90° bend leading to the
spray cooler. According to EPA Method 1, a minimum of 16 traverse points were
required for a two-dimensional particulate traverse. However, since only one
sample port was available the complete traverse was not possible. Twelve
traverse points located across the diameter of the duct were used, and
sampling was carried out for 20 minutes per point for an on-line sampling
period of 240 minutes. A water-cooled probe was required because of the high
temperature of the gas stream.
5.2.1.3 Multiple Hearth Furnace Outlet (Afterburner Inlet). The
multiple hearth furnace outlet (afterburner inlet) sampling location is shown
as Point C in Figure 5-1. This location was used only for integrated bag
sampling to develop information on excess air conditions at the furnace
exhaust. A single 2-inch diameter sample port is located in the exhaust gas
breeching leading from the multiple hearth furnace to the afterburner. The
sample port was accessible by standing on the grating above the furnace.
Integrated bag samples were taken from the sample port twice per test run and
analyzed for oxygen, CO, C02, and N2 using a gas chromatograph with a thermal
conductivity detector.
5.2.1.4 Ambient Air Sampling. The ambient atomizing air added to the
afterburner exhaust gas in the spray cooler was sampled for dioxin/furan and
dioxin precursors. The ambient atomizing air sampling location is shown as
Point D in Figure 5-1. The trains were positioned on a platform on the spray
cooler near the atomizing air intake point. The platform was approximately 30
feet above grade level.
5.2.2 Gas Sampling Procedures
Gas sampling procedures used during this program are discussed in detail
in the Tier 4 QAPP. A summary of the gas sampling methods used at Site CRF-A
is given in Table 5-2, and a brief description of each method is provided in
the following sections.
5.2.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5). Gas sampling for dioxins was conducted
according to the October 1984 draft of the ASME chlorinated organic compound
sampling protocol with two exceptions. This sampling method is a modified
5-7
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Exhaust
Gas Flow
Four 3" diameter
t
from ID Fan
9.9m(32.5')
1.5m(4.8')
n<4.6") thick
ctory Lining X^
ust Gas « >
Grade Level
^r
i
9.
'
,
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r
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r
Figure 5-2. Baghouse Outlet Exhaust Stack Sampling Location.
5-5
-------
according to MM5 procedures described in Section 4.2.2, and also for
continuous monitoring of 0^, CO, C02, and THC. EPA Methods 2, 3, and 4 were
performed to determine the volumetric flow rate, molecular weight of the
exhaust gas, and moisture content of the exhaust gas, respectively.
The sample port locations and dimensions are shown in Figure 5-2. The
inside diameter of the stack was 1.2 m (4.1 ft). Four, 3 inch diameter sample
ports with 3 inch long nipples were oriented 90' apart at a sample platform
located approximately 12.6 m (40 ft) above grade level. The sample ports were
approximately 9.5 m (7.6 duct diameters) downstream of the breaching where the
exhaust from the baghouse ID fan enters the stack, and 9.9 m (7.9 duct
diameters) upstream of the top of the stack. According to EPA Method 1, a
minimum of 20 traverse points were required. In this case, 24 traverse points
were used, and sampling was conducted for 10 minutes per traverse point for a
total of 240 minutes of on-line sampling. Two of the four ports were used for*
the traverse.
Samples for HC1 measurement were collected at a single point. The nozzle
was located at a point of approximately average velocity and the sample was
collected isokinetically over a period of 120 minutes.
Continuous monitoring was performed at this location using a port not in
service for the dioxin/furan or HC1 trains. Due to limited space at the
plant, the mobile laboratory housing the continuous monitoring instruments was
located approximately 38 m (125 ft) from the base of the exhaust stack. The
length of heat-traced sample line needed to access the mobile laboratory from
the stack was approximately 53 m (175 ft).
5.2.1.2 Spray Cooler Inlet (Afterburner Outlet). The spray cooler inlet
sampling location (i.e., afterburner outlet) is shown as Point 8 on
Figure 5.1.
This sampling location consisted of a single 3 inch diameter sample port
located near the downstream end of a long horizontal run of circular,
refractory-lined duct. The duct was considered by the host plant to be part
of the afterburner because of the elevated temperatures and the presence of
available oxygen (1 to 5 percent 02 by volume). Dimensions of the sampling
location are shown in Figure 5-3. The outside diameter of the duct was 1.5 m
(5.0 ft) and the inside diameter was 1.1 m (3.7 ft). The 3 inch sample port
5-4
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5.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES
Samples were collected from seven different locations at Site CRF-A.
Four of the locations were for gaseous sampling and three were for solids
sampling. The test matrix is described in Section 5.1, and the process data
collection procedures are described in Section 5.2. The sampling locations
and procedures are presented in Sections 5.3 and 5.4, respectively.
5.1 TEST DESCRIPTION
The source sampling and analytical matrix used at Site CRF-A is shown in
Table 5-1, and the sampling locations are identified in Figure 5-1. Three
test runs (Runs 01-03) were performed on three contiguous days. During each
run, dioxin/furan samples were collected at the afterburner exhaust and after*
the spray dryer/baghouse system. Also at the baghouse outlet exhaust stack,
samples were collected for total chloride measurement and continuous
monitoring of combustion gases was conducted. Samples collected at the
furnace exhaust, afterburner exhaust, and baghouse stack were analyzed for gas
molecular weight calculations. During each emission test series, samples of
the spent carbon feed, reactivated carbon product, and baghouse dust were
collected for dioxin/furan or precursor analysis. The furnace operating
conditions were documented during each run by recording key variables. The
measurements, locations and procedures used are discussed in detail below.
5.2 GASEOUS SAMPLING
Four types of gaseous samples were taken during this test program:
Modified Method 5 (MM5), HC1, EPA Method 3, and continuous emissions
monitoring (CEM). The sampling locations and methods are further discussed in
this section.
5.2.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations
5.2.1.1 Baahouse Outlet Exhaust Stack. The exhaust stack sampling
location for the carbon regeneration furnace baghouse is shown as Point A in
Figure 5-1. This location was used for dioxin/furan sampling and HC1 sampling
5-1
-------
-------
TABLE 4-20. AMBIENT DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATIONS IN VICINITY
"" OF ATOMIZING AIR INTAKE POINT TO SPRAY COOLER
Homo!ogue
ng/dscm
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.02)
(0.03)
0.02
0.02
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDf
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NR
0.04
ND (0.02)
ND (0.01)
ND (0.01)
ND (0.02)
0.04
ND = not detected, minimum detection limit is indicated
in parenthesis.
NR - not reported by Troika.
4-39
-------
TABLE 4-19.
RESULTS OF DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSIS OF
BAGHOUSE ASH SAMPLES AT SITE CRF-A
Homo! ogue
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
Run 1
NR
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.2
NR
0.3
0.1
ND (0.02)
NO (0.05)
ND (0.05)
0.4
Parts per
Run 2
NR
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.1
NR '
0.4
0.2
ND (0.04)
0.04
"0.03
0.7
Billion (ppb)
Run 3
ND (0.01)
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
1.0
ND (0.03)
0.3
0.06
0.1
ND (0.06)
0.02
0.5
Average
ND
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.1
ND
0.3
0.1
0.05
ND
0.03
0.5
NR = not reported by Troika.
ND .= not detected, minium detection limit is in parenthesis.
4-38
-------
4.8 DIOXIN/FURAN RESULTS OF BAGHOUSE ASH
The results of "the dioxin/furan analysis of the baghouse ash samples are
summarized in Table 4-19. 2378 TCDD and 2378 TCDF were not detected in the
baghouse ash. Hexa-CDF, hepta-CDF and octa-CDF were not detected in some runs
and were close to the detection limit in other runs. The total average PCDD
and total average PCDF were 1.1 ppb and 0.5 ppb, respectively. The results
were consistent between runs.
4.9 DIOXIN/FURAN RESULTS AND PRECURSOR RESULTS OF AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING
The ambient air in the general vicinity of the atomizing air intake point
to the spray cooler was sampled for dioxin/furans. The sample was a composite
taken over the three day test period. The results of the dioxin/furan
analysis are summarized in Table 4-20. A small amount of octa-CDD and .
tetra-CDF were detected, but at concentrations very near the detection limit.
Total PCDD was measured at 0.02 ng/dscm (0.001 ppt) and total PCDF was
measured at 0.04 ng/dscm (0.003 ppt).
Due to a broken impinger in the ambient air train on the second date of
sampling, the sample volume was adjusted. Approximately 20 percent of the
sample volume was believed to have not been drawn through the sorbent module.
Therefore, these dioxin/furan concentrations may have a slightly high bias.
•
4.10 DIOXIN/FURAN RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLING
The soil sample was archived pending evaluation of analytical data.
4.11 DIOXIN/FURAN RESULTS OF REACTIVATED CARBON SAMPLING
The reactivated carbon sample was archived pending evaluation of
analytical data.
4-37
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TABLE 4-18. CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS At THE OUTLET STACK FOR SITE CRF-A
Sampl e
Component
Train Total
Front Half
Back Half
Test
Run
01
02
03
Average
01
02
03
Average
•
01
02
03
Average
mg/dscm
1.049
1.707
2.019
1.592
0.588
1.043
0.878
0.836
0.461
0.664
1.141
0.755
ppmva
0.71
1.16
1.37
1.08
0.399
0.708
0.596
0.568
0.313
0.451
0.775
0.513
mg/dscm
8 3% 02
1.72
2.89
5.65
3.44
0.97
1.76
2.46
1.73
0.76
1.12
3.19
1.69 ,
Emissions
Rate
(kg/hr)
0.023
0.040
0.056
0.040
0.013
0.024
0.024
0.023
0.010
0.016
0.032
0.019
•
ppmv = parts per million chloride by volume, dry basis at actual stack oxygen
concentration.
'Concentration corrected to 3% 02 using the following correction factor:
(20.9 - 3) * (20.9 - %02 measured)
Oxygen values are from Radian CEM data in Table 4-7.
4-36
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TABLE 4-17. ' SUMMARY OF DIOXIN PRECURSOR DATA
FOR SITE CRF-A FEED SAMPLES
Precursor Categories
Total Chlorinated Benzenes4
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls
Total Chlorinated Phenols
Total Chlorides
Total Organic Halogen (TOX)
Precursor Concentration, uq/q (com)
Soent Carbon Feed Samples
Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Averaqe
1.76 0.16 6.63 2.85
00 00
00 00
4950 8387 5900 6400
NA NA 154 154
aMostly trichlorobenzenes were detected with a small amount of
dichlorobenzenes and tetrachlorobenzenes. See Appendix E for
compound-specific data.
NA - not analyzed.
4-35
-------
which when present in the feed will contribute to the formation of
dioxin/furans during"combustion.
The results of the precursor analyses are summarized in Table 4-17.
Chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated phenols were not detected in the feed
samples, but an average of 2.9 ppm of chlorinated benzenes were detected.
Mostly trichlorobenzenes were detected with a small amount of dichlorobenzenes
and tetrachlorobenzenes. The compound-specific precursor results are included
in Appendix E. Run 03 carbon feed samples contained significantly more
chlorobenzenes (6.6 ppm) then Run 01 or Runs 02 samples (1.8 and 0.2 ppm,
respectively)
The average chlorides content of the spent carbon slurry was 6400 ppm.
Also, the total organic halogen (TOX) analysis detected 154 ug/g of TOX in the
spent carbon slurry feed.
»
»
4.7 HC1 TRAIN CHLORIDES EMISSIONS DATA
At Site CRF-A, HC1 emissions are controlled by a sodium carbonate spray
cooler which neutralizes HC1 in the flue gas entering the baghouse. The HC1
train emissions data measured at the baghouse outlet exhaust stack are
summarized in Table 4-18. The data are reported as front half, back half and
train total chloride emissions. The front half emissions represent chlorides
captured in the probe rinse and filter fractions of the HC1 train and the back
half emissions represent chlorides captured in the HCL sample train impingers.
The train total emissions represent the sum of the front half and back half
emissions.
The average front half chlorides concentration was 1.73 mg/dscm @ 3% 02
and the average back half chlorides concentration was 1.69 mg/dscm @ 3% 02.
The average total chlorides concentration was 3.44 mg/dscm @ 3% 02. The
average total chlorides emission rate was 0.040 kg/hr.
Compared with other Tier 4 test sites, the chlorides emissions for Site
CRF-A are in the low range. For all test sites for which HCL sampling was
performed the chlorides emissions ranged from 2.4 to 880 mg/dscm @ 3% 02
(0.001 to 3.8 gr/dscf 0 3% 02).
4-34
-------
TABLE 4-16.
SRAY COOLER/BAGHOUSE SYSTEM REMOVAL
EFFICIENCIES AT SITE CRF-A
Homol ogue
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
Fur an s
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
Baghouse Removal Efficiency (%)
Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Average
100.0
-23.6
63.5
80.5
88.9
91.5
82.0
100.0
91.5
96.7
94.8
91. r
86.8
93.1
100.0
100.0
43.8
78.1
89.0
94.6
89.8
100.0
93.9
93.8
96.6
96.2
94.6
95.1
100.0
96.1
100.0
90.1
90.0
81.2
91.7
100.0
96.0
100.0
97.2
96.9
87.3
96.9
100.0
76.6
82.2
83.3
89.2
91.6
87.2
100.0
94.1
97.5
96.3
95.2
89.9
95.3
4-33
-------
TABLE 4-15.
DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS AT
THE OUTLET STACK FOR SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND( 4.18E-03)
1.37E-02
8.96E-03
1.43E-02
1.08E-02
9.56E-03
5.74E-02
ND( 3.59E-03)
1.25E-02
3.59E-03
.6.57E-03
7.77E-03
5.38E-03
3.59E-02
ND( 9.84E-04)
ND( 1.48E-03)
2.46E-03
5.90E-03
6.39E-03
5.41E-03
2.02E-02
ND( 2.95E-03)
9.84E-03
5.41E-03
3.94E-03
3.94E-03
2.46E-03
2.56E-02
ND( 1.03E-03)
1.54E-03
ND( 2.57E-03)
4.62E-03
5.13E-03
5.13E-03
1.64E-02
ND( 2.05E-03)
7.19E-03
ND( 2.57E-03)
4.11E-03
3.59E-03
5.65E-03
2.05E-02
.OOE+00
5.09E-03
3.81E-03
8.29E-03
7.43E-03
6.70E-03
3.13E-02
.
.OOE+00
9.86E-03
3.00E-03
- 4.87E-03
5.10E-03
4.49E-03
2.73E-02
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ug = 1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year
NOTE: Emission factors are based on the bare carbon production rate of the
furnace (kg/hr).
4-32
-------
Dioxin and furan emission factors for the baghouse outlet exhaust stack
are summarized in Table 4-15. The emission factors are reported as micrograms
of isomer per kilogram of bare carbon produced. The average emission factors
for total PCDD and total PCDF were 0.031 ug/kg and 0.027 ug/kg, respectively.
The emission factors have the same variability as the dioxin/furan
concentrations since the production rates were consistent between test runs.
4.5.3 Reduction of Dioxin/Furan Concentrations Due to the Particulate
Control Device
Some of the dioxin/furans contained in the stack gas are removed by the
spray cooler/baghouse system. The dioxin/furan removal efficiency of the
spray cooler/baghouse system is calculated from the difference betweem the
inlet and outlet concentration of each dioxin/furan homologue divided by the
inlet concentration of each homologue. Each fTue gas concentration value is-
considered to have an -analytical uncertainty of + 50%. An analysis of the
corresponding uncertainty of the measured control device efficiency values
(contained in Appendix I) indicates that with a measured efficiency of greater
than 66.7%, the true removal efficiency is most likely positive. With a
measured efficiency between 66.7% and -200%, a definite conclusion cannot be
drawn concerning the true removal efficiency and below -200%, the true removal
efficiency is most likely negative.
The spray cooler/baghouse removal efficiencies for each dioxin/furan
homologue are summarized in Table 4-16. The measured removal efficiencies for
all the homologues are above 66.7% indicating that the baghouse positively
controls dioxin/furan emissions at Site CRF-A (i.e., analytical uncertainties
do not obscure the ability to adequately measure the control device
efficiency). The average measured removal efficiencies for total PCDD and
total PCDF were 87 percent and 95 percent respectively.
4.6 SPENT CARBON FEED PRECURSOR DATA
The spent carbon feed slurry which is fed into Furnace CRF-A was analyzed
for chlorinated benzenes, chlorinated phenols, total organic halogens and
total chlorides. These compounds are believed to be dioxin/furan precursors
4-31
-------
DIOX1N HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
CRF-A
1
0.9 -
0.8-
O.7 -
0.6-
0.5 -
0.4-
0.3-
0.2-
0.1 -
PCDD = 3.7 ng/dscm at
2378 TCOD Othar TCDD Panto— COD Haxa-COD Hepta-CDD Octa-CDD
_ DIOXIN HOMOLOGUE _
CT7! RUN 01 17771 RUN 02 PTg RUN 03
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
CRF-A
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
O.3
O.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
PCDF= 3.3 ng/dscm at 3% O2
2378 TCDF Othar TCDF Panta-COF Hexa-CDF Hapta-COF Octa-COF
FURAN HOMOLOGUE
PT7! RUN 01
RUN 02
_
PTTl RUN 03
Figure 4-10. Homologue distribution at the baghouse outlet.
4-30
-------
TABLE 4-14.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
AT THE OUTLET STACK FOR SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm 9 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND( 4.61E-01)
1.52E+00
9.88E-01
1.58E+00
1.19E+00
1.05E+00
6.32E+00
•
ND( 3.95E-01)
1.38E+00
3.95E-01
7.25E-01
8.56E-01
5.93E-01
3.95E+00
ND( 1.31E-01)
ND( 1.96E-01)
3.27E-01
7.84E-01
8.49E-01
7.19E-01
2.68E+00
ND( 3.92E-01)
1.31E+00
7.19E-01
5.23E-01
5.23E-01
3.27E-01
3.40E+00
ND( 1.30E-01)
1.95E-01
ND( 3.25E-01)
5.84E-01
6.49E-01
6.49E-01
2.08E+00
ND( 2.60E-01)
9.09E-01
ND( 3.25E-01)
5.19E-01
4.54E-01
7.14E-01
2.60E+00
.OOE+00
5.70E-01
4.38E-01
9.83E-01
8.95E-01
8.07E-01
3.69E+00
»
*
.OOE+00
1.20E+00
3.71E-01
5.89E-01
6.11E-01
5.44E-01
3.32E+00
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND s not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng - 1.0E-09g
§760 operating hours per year
4-29
-------
TABLE 4-13.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
AT THE OUTLET STACK FOR SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND( 1.79E-01)
5.87E-01
3.83E-01
6.12E-01
4.59E-01
4.08E-01
2.45E+00
ND( 1.53E-01)
5.36E-01
1.53E-01
2.81E-01
3.32E-01
2.30E-01
1.53E+00
ND( 5.29E-02)
ND( 7.94E-02)
1.32E-01
3.17E-01
3.44E-01
2.91E-01
1.08E+00
ND( 1.59E-01)
5.29E-01
2.91E-01
2.12E-01
2.12E-01
1.32E-01
1.38E+00
ND( 4.61E-02)
6.91E-02
ND( 1.15E-01)
2.07E-01
2.30E-01
2.30E-01
7.37E-01
ND( 9.22E-02)
3.23E-01
ND( 1.15E-01)
1.84E-01
1.61E-01
2.53E-01
9.22E-01
.OOE+00
2.19E-01
1.72E-01
3.79E-01
3.45E-01
3.10E-01
1.42E+00
»
.OOE+00
4.62E-01
1.48E-01
2.26E-01
2.35E-01
2.05E-01
1.28E+00
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng = 1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
4-28
-------
TABLE 4-12. DIOXIN/FURAN MASS FLOW FACTORS AT THE
SPRAY COOLER INLET FOR SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
. Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
ND » not detected (detection limit in parentheses)
ug » 1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
7.93E-04
1.43E-02
3.13E-02
9.36E-02
1.23E-01
1.42E-01
4.06E-01
1.39E-02
1.89E-01
1.36E-01
1.61E-01
1.13E-01
5.19E-02
6.65E-01
6.17E-04
1.08E-02
5.87E-03
3.61E-02
7.81E-02
1.33E-01
2.64E-01
1.45E-02
2.15E-01
1.17E-01
1.53E-01
1.39E-01
6.08E-02
6.99E-01
1.25E-03
4.34E-02
3.53E-02
5-.12E-02
5.58E-02
2.99E-02
2.17E-01
1.31E-02
1.97E-01
1.76E-01
1.60E-01
1.26E-01
4.87E-02
7.21E-01
8.86E-04
2.28E-02
2.41E-02
6.03E-02
8.58E-02
1.02E-01
2.96E-01
*
1.38E-02
2.00E-01
1.43E-01
1.58E-01
1.26E-01
5.38E-02
6.95E-01
4-27
-------
D1OX1N HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
CRF-A
a
o
0.9 -
0.8 -
0.7 -
0.6 -
0.3 -
0,4-
0.3 -
0.2-
0.1 -
PCDD = 28.8
ng/ds
®%
ul ^
3CI7
JS
Wx
^o
i at 3
I
fa
m
%<
I
D,
I
2
i
V
2378 TCDD Oth«r TCDD Panta-CDD Hexa-CDD Hepta-CDD Oeta-CDD
^^ DIOX1N HOMOLOCUE_
I77T RUN 01 EZ3 RUN 02 PTgl RUN 03
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
CRF-A
0.9 -
0.8 -
O.7 -
0.6 -
0.5 -
0.4 -
0.3-
0.2-
O.1 -
O -
PCDF = 70.1 ng/dscm at 3% G>2
I
*^&75t^n /
Vs
^
lull
II
i
2378 TCDF Oth«r TCDF Penta—CDF Hexa—CDF Hepta—CDF Octa—CDF
FURAN HOMOLOGUE
1771 RUN 01 £223 RUN 02 JS21 RUN 03
Figure 4-9. Homologue distribution at the spray cooler inlet.
4-26
-------
All dioxin and furan homologues were detected at the spray cooler inlet.
The relative distribution of the dioxin and furan isomers are shown
graphically in Figure 4-9. Hepta- and octa-TCDD were the most prevalent
dioxin homologues and accounted for 30 mole % each of the total PCDDs.
Hexa-CDD was next at 20 mole %, followed by penta-CDD and other TCDD each at
10 mole%. 2378 TCDD accounted for less than one percent of the dioxin
homologues. For the furan homologues other TCDF was the most predominant
homologue at 30 mole %, while 2378 TCDF made up only 2 mole %. Penta-CDF,
hexa-CDF and hepta-CDF each shared 20 mole % of the homologues and octa- CDF
made up the remaining 8 mole %.
Isomer and homologue specific mass flow factors for the spray cooler
inlet are summarized in Table 4-12. The mass flow factors are reported as
micrograms of isomer per kilograms of bare carbon produced. The average
mass flow factors for total PCDD and total PCDF were 0.30 ug/kg and 0.70 -
ug/kg» respectively. Since the production rates of bare carbon are consistent
between test runs, the dioxin/furan mass flow factors have the same
variability as the dioxin/furan concentrations.
4.5.2. Isomer and Homologue Specific Data at the Baohouse Outlet
Isomer and homologue specific emission concentration data, at the
baghouse outlet stack are summarized in Table 4-13 and 4-14 for the three test
runs. 2378 TCDD and 2378 TCDF were not detected at the baghouse outlet stack.
Also, other TCDDs were not detected during Run 2. Penta-CDD was not detected
during Run 3, and penta-CDD concentration were very near the detection limit
for Runs 1 and 2.
Run-specific data tables showing homologue emission concentrations in
both ng/dscm, parts-per-trillion and emission rates-in ug/hr units are
included in Appendix H.
The relative distributions of the dioxin and furan homologues are shown
graphically in Figure 4-10. For the dioxin homologues, hexa-CDD, hepta-CDD
and octa-CDD were evenly distributed each at 25 mole %. Other TCDD made up 15
mole % and penta-CDD made up 10 mole % of the dioxin homologues. For the
furan homologues, other TCDF dominated with 40 mole %. Penta-CDF, hexa-CDF,
hepta-CDF and octa-CDF equally shared the remaining 60 mole %.
4-25
-------
TABLE 4-11.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN FLUE GAS DATA AT
THE SPRAY COOLER INLET FOR SITE CRF-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
. Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF •
6.86E-02
1.23E+00
2.71E+00
8.10E+00
1.07E+01
1.23E+01
3.51E+01
1.20E+00
1.63E+01
1.18E+01
1.40E+01
9.78E+00
4.49E+00
5.75E+01
6.12E-02
1.07E+00
5.82E-01
3.58E+00
7.75E+00
1.32E+01
2.62E+01
1.44E+00
2.14E+01
1.16E+01
1.52E+01
1.37E+01
6.03E+00
6.93E+01
1.44E-01
5.02E+00
4.08E+00
5.92E+00
6.46E+00
3.46E+00
2.51E+01
1.52E+00
2.28E+01
2.04E+01
1.85E+01
1.46E+01
5.63E+00
8.34E+01
9.14E-02
2.44E+00
2.46E+00
5.87E+00
8.29E+00
9.65E+00
2.88E+01
#
1.39E+00
2.02E+01
1.46E+01
1.59E+01
1.27E+01
5.39E+00
7.01E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NO = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng = 1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
4-24
-------
TABLE 4-10. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN FLUE GAS DATA AT
THE SPRAY COOLER INLET FOR SITE CRF-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
.Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
5.12E-02
9.21E-01
2.02E+00
6.04E+00
7.95E+00
9.18E+00
2.62E+01
4.95E-02
8.66E-01
.70E-01
.90E+00
.26E+00
.06E+01
4.
2.
6.
1,
2.12E+01
8.87E-02
3.
2.
3,
3,
2,
08E+00
51E+00
64E+00
97E+00
13E+00
1.54E+01
6.31E-02
1.62E+00
1.67E+00
4.19E+00
6.06E+00
7.32E+00
2.09E+01
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
8.95E-01
1.22E+01
8.77E+00
1.04E+01
7.29E+00
3.35E+00
4.29t+01
1.16E+00
1.73E+01
9.36E+00
.23E+01
.11E+01
.88E+00
1.
1,
4.
5.60E+01
9.31E-01
1.40E+01
1.25E+01
1.14E+01
8.96E+00
3.46E+00
5.12E+01
9.97E-01
1.45E+01
1.02E+01
1.
9,
3.
13E+01
12E+00
90E+00
5.01E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng = 1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
4-23
-------
TABLE 4-9. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN MASS FLOW RATE DATA FOR SITE CRF-A
Run Number
Mass Flow Rate (ug/hr)
2378-TCDD Total PCDD Total PCDF
Spray Cooler Inlet:
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
0.72
0.73
1.44
0.96
368
313
250
310
602
828
832
754
Emission Rate fuq/hr)
Baghouse Outlet:
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
ND
NO
ND
ND
52.0
23.9
19.0
31.6
32.5
30.3
23.7
28.8
ND = not detected
4-22
-------
TABLE 4-8. OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN AND FURAN FLUE GAS
CONCENTRATION DATA FOR SITE CRF-A
Run Number
ng/dscm (as-measured)
Baghouse Outlet:.
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
Spray Cooler Inlet:
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
nq/dscm @ 3% 0«
c.
Baghouse Outlet:
Run 1
• Run 2
Run 3
Average
Spray Cooler Inlet:
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
Flue Gas
2378 TCDD
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.05
0.05
0.09
0.06
•ND.
ND
ND
ND
0.07
0.06
0.14
0.09
Concentration
Total PCDD
2.45
1.08
0.74
1.42
26.2
21.2
15.4
20.9
6.32
2.68
2.08
3.69
35.1
26.1
25.1
28.8
(na/dscm)
Total PCDF
1.53
1.38
0.92
1.28
42.9
56.0
51.2
50.1
3.95
3.40
2.60
3.32
57.5
69.3
83.4
70.1
ND - not detected
ng - 1 x 10
-9
4-21
-------
4.5 DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
Dioxin/furan concentrations and mass flow rates measured at the spray
cooler inlet and baghouse outlet stack are summarized in Tables 4-8 and 4-9
for the 2378 TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF species. The entire MM5 train,
which included the fil-ter, primary XAD .sorbent trap, impingers, and sample
train clean-up was analyzed. All dioxin/furan analyses for Site CRF-A samples
were performed by EMSL-RTP and ECL-Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, laboratories.
two of the three EPA laboratories known as the Troika.
At the spray cooler inlet, the average as-measured concentrations were
0.06 ng/dscm for 2378 TCDD, 20.9 ng/dscm for total PCDD and 50.1 ng/dscm for
total PCDF. The concentrations were corrected to 3% 0- using the Radian EPA
Method 3 data and were 0.09 ng/dscm @ 3% 02 for 2378 TCDD, 28.8 ng/dscm @ 3%
02 for total PCDD and 70.1 ng/dscm @ 3% 02 for total PCDD. The average *
mass flow rates were 0.96 ug/hr for 2378 TCDD, 310 ug/hr for total PCDD and
754 ug/hr for total PCDF.
At the baghouse outlet exhaust stack, 2378 TCDD was not detected in the
flue gas. However, the as-measured concentrations for total PCDDs and total
PCDFs were 1.42 ng/dscm and 1.28 ng/dscm respectively. The concentrations
were corrected to 3% oxygen using Radian CEM data and were 3.69 ng/dscm
(3 3% 02 for total PCDD and 3.32 ng/dscm
-------
SITE 09 - TEST 1
TOTAL KTOROCARaQN PROFILE
MEAN: 4.7 ppmV THC & 3V. O2
STD. DEV.: 7.2 ppmV
INSTRUMENT RANGE: 0-108 ppmV THC
TEST TIME (HOURS)
SITE 09 - TEST 2
TOTAL HYDROCARBON PROFILE
MEAN! 2.1 ppnV THC 9 3V. O2
STD. DEV.: 0.8 ppntV
INSTRUMENT RANGE: a-IBB ppmV THC
3 3
TEST TIME (HOURS)
I
I
so
ao
TO
so
SITE 09 - TEST 3
TOTAL KTOROCAROON PROFILE
MEAN: 1.9 PP">V THC 9 Vf. O2
STD. DEV.: 0.6 ppmV
rNSTRHMPNT BONHE: 0-100 ppmW THC
2 3
TEST TIME (HOURS)
Figure 4-8. Total Hydrocarbon Concentration History at the Baghouse Outlet
4-19
-------
SITE O9 - TEST 1
CARSON MONOXIDE I
A-!
-
J^J-
MEAN: 121.1 ppmV CO 9 TV. O2
STD. DEV.: 281.8 ppmW
INSTRUMENT RANGE: a-6B00 ppfflV CO
•TIME (HOUItS)
SITE 09 - TEST 2
CAKSON MONOXIOE PMOPILC
CONCENTRATION (ppmV « 3X O2)
(Thousand*)
.
*_••"•" nm m mmm- ~mm
o 1 a a • *
TDT TIMC (HOUHS)
MEAN: 33.6 ppmW CO 9 3% 02
STD. DEV.: 23.5 ppmV
INSTRUMENT RANGE: B-6B0B ppmV CO
SITE 09 - TEST 3
MONOXIOC pnonte
a 3
TEST TIME (HOURS)
MEANj 110.8 ppmW CO a 37. 02
STD. DEV.: 48.4 ppmV CO
INSTRUMENT RANGE: a-6000 ppmV CO
Figure 4-7. Carbon Monoxide Concentration History at the Baghouse Outlet
4-18
-------
SITE 09 - TEST 1
CARBON oioxme PROFILE
MEflNi 4.17. V COS 9 ~7. 02
STD. OEV. : 0.17. V
INSTRUMENT RflNGE: 0-20V. V C02
TOT TIME (HOURS)
s
s
14
10
17
IB
13
1.
13
12
11
10
SITE 09 - TEST 2
OABON DIOXIDE PROFILE
MEAN: 13.3X V CQ2 8 3V. Q2
STD. DEV.: 0.45! V
INSTRUMENT RANGE: B-20V. V CQ2
3 3
TEST TIME (HOURS)
SITE 09 - TEST 3
C/JIBON DIOXIDE PROFILE
18 •
17 •
IB •
IS
14 •
13
12
11
1O
9
a
7
0
s
i;.2-/. v ca2 a :••/. 02
5TD. DEV.: 0. 4V. V CQ2
INSTRI/MUNT RflNSE: 0-28"/. V CQ2
2 3
TEST TIME (HOURS)
Figure 4-6. Carbon Dioxide Concentration History at the Baghouse Outlet
4-17
-------
SITE 09 - TEST 1
OXYOEN PROFILE
MEAN: 1-J.6V. V O2
STD. DEV.: a. 17. V
INSTRUMENT RANGE: 0-;3'/. V CC
TIMC (HOURS)
SITE 09 - TEST 2
OXYOOJ PHOFILE
3 3
TEST TIME (HOURS)
MEfiN: l-.T/. V Q2
STD. DEV.: 0. ZX V
INSTRUMENT RflNBEi a-CSX V o:
19
-------
TABLE 4-7. MEAN VALUES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF CONTINUOUSLY
MONITORED COMBUSTION GASES AT OUTLET LOCATION
Parameter* >b'c
0? (% vol }
Standard Deviation
CO (ppmv @ 3% 02)
Standard Deviation
C02 (% vol @ 3% 02)
Standard Deviation
THC (ppmv @ 3% 02)
Standard Deviation
Run 01
13.5
(0.3)
121.1
(281.8)
4.1d
(0.3)
4.7
(7.2)
Run 02
13.7
(0.2)
33.6
(25.5)
13.3
(0.4)
2.3
(0.8)
Run 03
14.5
(0.3)
110.8
(48.4)
13.2
(0.4)
1.9
(0.6)
Average
13.9
88.5
13.2
3.0
»
aGas sampling for the continuous monitors was performed at the afterburner
exhaust outlet location.
All concentrations expressed on a dry volume basis except for total
hydrocarbon concentrations, which are expressed on a wet volume basis.
°Total hydrocarbon data are expressed in units of ppmv (wet) as propane.
Invalid data record, not included in average.
4-15
-------
13.9 volume percent and by EPA Method 3 at 14.1 volume percent. The CEM and
EPA Method 3 data agreed within the measurement error of the methods.
The volumetric flowrate at both the inlet and outlet have the same
increasing variation, but the variation was less than 10 percent from the mean
value. Therefore, the flue gas parameters are considered consistent between
runs.
4.4 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA
The mean values and standard deviations of the combustion gases at the
baghouse outlet are shown for each Run in Table 4-7. The average results for
the three test runs are: oxygen, 13.9 percent by volume (dry); carbon
dioxide, 13.2 percent by volume (dry, normalized to 3% 02); carbon monoxide,
88 ppm by volume (dry, @ 3% 02); and total hydrocarbons, 3 ppm by volume (wet-
at 3% Og). The combustion gas results have been adjusted to a 3% oxygen basis
for comparions to other combustion sources in the Tier 4 program.
The mean oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were relatively
consistent between runs. The calculated result for carbon dioxide (4.1%) for
Run 1 is not valid because of a hardware failure in the computer data system.
This result is not included in the test overall average. The carbon monoxide
results were more variable than any other combustion product. During Run 01,
a significant increase in the CO concentration occurred, and was accompanied
by an increase in the total hydrocarbon concentration. A decrease in the
oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration also occurred. However, this was the
only case where there was a detectable correlation between CO and THC
concentrations, and the oxygen concentration.
The five minute average values of the combustion products are listed in
Appendix A.3. The results are presented versus time in trend plots in
Figures 4-5 to 4-8.
4-14
-------
TABLE 4-6. SUMMARY OF FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE CRF-A
Flue gas parameters
Furnace Outlet:
Oxygen content (vol %) dry
Carbon dioxide content (vol%,
dry, corrected to 3% 02)
Spray cooler inlet;
Temperature (UC)
Moisture (Vol %)
Volumetric Flowrate
Actual (acmm)
Dry standard (dscmm)
EPA Method 3:
Oxygen content (vol%) dry
Carbon dioxide content (vol%,
corrected to 3% 0-, dry)
Baghouse outlet:
Temperature ( C)
Moisture (vol%)
Volumetric Flowrate
Actual (acmm)
Dry standard (dscmm)
Oxygen content (vol%, dry)
Radian CEM
EPA Method 3
Carbon dioxide content (vol%,
corrected to 3% 0,,, dry)
Radian CEM *
•EPA Method 3
Run 01
7.6
14.1
852
27
1270
235
9.3
11.6
171
36
850
355
13.5
14.0
12.7
Run 02
6.5
11.4
840
27
1320
245
8.4
10.9
174
36
900
365
13.7
13.7
13.3
12.2
Run 03
7.8
13.5
871
27
1500
270
8.9
11.8
167
35
1025
430
14.5
14.6
13.2
11.9
Average
7.4
13.0
854
27
1360
250
8.9 "
11.4
170
36
925
380
13.9
14.1
13.2
12.3
Metric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data. To convert to
English units: A .
°F = 1.8 x °C + 32
cfm - cmm x 35.3
Standard EPA conditions are 20°C (69°F) and 1 atm.
4-13
-------
TABLE 4-5. SUMMARY OF EVAPORATIVE COOLER--BAGHOUSE OPERATING DATA
Evaoorative Cooler
Run No.
1
5/29/85
2
5/30/85
3
5/31/85
Time
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Average
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Average
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Average
Water Flow
(gpm)
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
24
25
24
Inlet
Temp.
1740
1710
1710
1710
1720
1740
1740
1724
1700
1690
1690
1700
1700
1710
1710
1700
1670
1670
1650
1670
1700
1700
1677
Outlet
Temp.
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
Baahouse
P
(in H20)
4.5
4.0
4.5
6.0
5.0
5.5
5.5
5.0
5.0
7.5
6.0
6.5
6.0
6.0
6JQ
6.1
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.5
6.0
5.0
5.7
Outlet
Temp.
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
Test Average
24
1700
400
5.6
350
4-12
-------
4.2.3 Evaporative Cooler - Baohouse Operation
The operating levels of key variables in the emission control system are
summarized in Table 4-5. The data show that the emission control system was
operated similarly during the three test runs.
The baghouse cleaning cycle was controlled by the total pressure drop
across the bags. During the test periods, the average pressure drop across
the baghouse was 5.6 inches of water. The average dust collection rate for
the 24-hour periods during which testing was conducted was 200 pounds per
hour. This rate was determined by weighing each dust collection container and
recording the time at which it was replaced.
The evaporative cooler water injection rate averaged 24 gallons per
minute during the tests. The alkali soultion makeup rate was constant at 3.5
gallons per minute. '
»
4.3. FLUE GAS PARAMETER DATA
The characteristics of flue gas at the sampling locations are summarized
in Table 4-6. The oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the flue gas was
measured at the top of the furnace before the afterburner. The average oxygen
content was 7.4 volume percent and the C02 content was 13.0 volume percent
corrected to 3% O-. The excess oxygen was calculated to be 75 percent at the
furnace outlet. [The plant reports 1-5% 02 at the top hearth.]
At the spray cooler inlet, the average volumetric flowrate at actual
conditions was 1360 acmm and at dry standard conditions, the average
volumetric flowrate was 250 dscmm. The average moisture content at the spray
cooler inlet was 27 volume percent and the average temperature was 854°C. The
average oxygen content was measured at 8.9 volume percent.
At the baghouse outlet, the average volumetric flowrate at actual
conditions and dry, standard conditions were 925 acmm and 380 dscmm
respectively. The average moisture content of the flue gas was 36 volume
percent, and the average temperature was 170°C. The oxygen concentration in
the flue gas at the baghouse outlet was measured by the Radian CEM system at
4-11
-------
3
ee
o
o
O
§
01
o
e
O
O
6
H
a
E
•
82
5 «
* O
o
§
a
oc
u
o
o
eo
o
CO
o
<0
O
o
••JIUVJ«<|UI«JL
4-10
-------
TABLE 4-4. SUMMARY OF AFTERBURNER OPERATING DATA
Run No. Time
1 1400
5/29/85 1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Average
2 1400
5/30/85 1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Average
3 0900
5/31/85 1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Average
Test Average
Afterburner Temp.
1750
1760
1750
1770
1780
1770
1770
1764
1740
1740
1740
1740
1740
1730
1740
1739
1740
1745
1735
--
1735
1745
1740
1748
Afterburner
Draft, "H20
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.7
1.0
1.2
p
»
1.0
1.1
1.4
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.5
1.1
.70
1.5
1.5
--
1.2
1*1
1.2
1.2
4-9
-------
TABLE 4-3. SUMMARY OF REGENERATOR FURNACE FEED CONDITIONS AT SITE CRF-A
Run No./ Production Rate Total Volatiles
Date (kg/hr) % w/w
1 (5/29/85)
2 (5/30/85)
3 (5/31/85)
Average
906
1184
1154
1080
52.5
48.8
48.4
49.9
Moisture
(% w/w)
36.4
37.2
36.0
36.5
Organics
(% w/w)
16.1
11.6
12.4
13.4
Note: All data reported on a bare carbon basis.
4-8
-------
TABLE 4-2. FURNACE CRF-A HEARTH TEMPERATURE HISTORY3
DEVIATION FROM TEST AVERAGE (%)
Hearth
Hearth 1
Hearth 2
Hearth 3
Hearth 4
Hearth 5
Hearth 6
Hearth 7
Flue Gas
Run 1
7.3
0.7
0.4
9.4
0.3
5.4
-2.2
3.2
Run 2
2.1
5.1
0.7
2.8
-0.8
-0.7
0.8
4.4
Run 3
-11.0
- 7.0
- 1.2
-14.2
0.5
- 5.6
*
1.6
- 8.7
aThe host plant considers the hearth temperature data confidential.
4-7
-------
1O-
|5
-10-
-20 -i
Run 1
S/29/88
Hun 2
5/3O/95
1400
2OOO 140O
Run 3
5/31/80
I I I
20OO 00OO 1400
20-i
1O-
-10-
-20-J
Figure 4-3. Hearth Temperature Variation,
Hearths 6 & 7
4-6
-------
0
a
-
20-i
10-
.-10-
-ao-J
Run 1
5/29/85
I
Run 2
5/3O/85
I I
Run 3
s/31/as
140O 2000 1400
I I
2000 090O
140O
20-i
10-
|
!i
I
-10-
-2O-
20-i
10-
a
*
-10-
-2O-
Figure 4-2. Hearth Temperature Variation,
Hearths 3, 4, & 5
4-5
-------
20-,
10-
-10-
RUN 1
5/2V/8S
Run 2
s/ao/85
Run 3
5/31/85
-2O-1 '
^ 1400
20-i
10-
I I
20OO 140O
I I !
2OOO 09OO 14OO
H
-«-l-
-1O-
-2O-I I
14OO
I I
2OOO 140O
I I I
2OOO 090O 140O
20-i
10-
.| o-
1s
5 -10-
-20-
* •
_J I
Figure 4-1. Hearth Temperature Variation,
Hearths 1 & 2, and Furnace
Flue Gas
4-4
-------
4.2.1 Carbon Regeneration Furnace Operation
The primary variables that were recorded to monitor the operating
condition of the furnace were the hearth temperatures. The host facility
considers the absolute value of the hearth temperatures to be proprietary.
The operating data were normalized based on the overall test average
temperature at each hearth to allow presentation of variation data while
maintaining confidentiality of the temperature values. The average
temperature was calculated using all the 1 hour data points that bracketed the
test run intervals. The percentage deviation from that average for each
hearth is shown in Figures 4-1 to 4-3, and is summarized in Table 4-2. During
the test runs the temperature distribution for the hearths was in the normal
range, which is 900 - 2000°F. The typical variation between runs is about ±
10%, with the temperatures during Run 03 being generally lower. For all runs,
the temperature on Hearths 3, 5, and 7 showed the least variation. This is "
expected since the process burners are located at these levels and are
temperature controlled. The spent carbon feed is fed to Hearth 1, and the
regenerated carbon falls from Hearth 7.
The furnace flue gas temperature changed between 10 to 20% at the end of
Run 01 and at the beginning of Run 02. The average daily carbon regeneration
rate and percent volatiles in the spent carbon for each day of testing are
presented in Table 4-3. During each test period the carbon feed conveyor w.as
operated at a constant, fixed rate.
A furnace breakdown occurred between the first and second test runs.
Repairs to the furnace rabble arms were completed on the morning of the second
test day. Testing was postponed until the afternoon to allow the furnace to
return to normal operating rates.
4.2.2 Afterburner Operation
The afterburner temperatures and induced draft at the afterburner are
listed in Table 4-4, and the trends are illustrated in Figure 4-4. The
average afterburner temperature was 24°F higher during Run 01 than during Runs
02 and 03. The afterburner operation was steady during the test periods and
no malfunctions occurred that required interruption of testing.
4-3
-------
TABLE 4-1. SUMMARY OF TEST TIMES FOR EACH RUN, SITE CRF-A
Location/Sample Type
Afterburner Outlet
MM5
-
Baghouse Outlet
MM5
HC1
CEM
Process Samples
/-
Run 1
5/29/85
1445 - 1505
1520 - 1900
1450 - 1650
1704 - 1904
1453 - 1653
• 1315 - 1900
1430
1530
1630
1730
1830
Test Start/Stoo
Run 2
5/30/85
1440 - 1840
1440 - 1640
1650 - 1850
1443 - 1643
1440 - 1840
1430
1530
1630
1730
1830
Times
Run 3
5/31/85
1010 - 1410
1002 - 1202
1213 - 1413
1105 - 1205
0955 - 1420
1030
1130
1230
1330
1430
4-2
-------
4.0 Test Results
The results of the Tier 4 emission test program at Carbon Regeneration
Furnace CRF-A are presented in this section. Three test runs (Runs 01-03)
were conducted. During each run, process operating data were collected, the
combustion gas products were continuously monitored, and samples were
collected for dioxin/furan, dioxin/furan precursor, and HC1 analyses. The
overall test log is presented in Section 4.1. The process operating data are
summarized in Section 4.2, and the combustion gas monitoring results are
presented in Section 4.3. The dioxin/furan emission results are presented in
Section 4.4. The results of sampling the exhaust gas for HC1 and the analysis
of the spent carbon feed for total chlorine are presented in Section 4.5.
Finally, the results of analysis for organic dioxin/furan precursors in the
spent carbon feed and the baghouse dust are presented in Section 4.6.
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF TEST PERIODS
m
Testing at carbon regeneration furnace CRF-A was conducted on three
consecutive days. During each test day gaseous samples were collected at the
baghouse exhaust, the afterburner exhaust and the furnace exhaust. The time
intervals during which each type of sample was collected are summarized in
Table 4-1. Grab samples of the spent carbon feed, the regenerated carbon
product, and the baghouse dust were collected at one hour intervals, beginning
at the start of each test run.
4.2 PROCESS DATA
Process data were obtained to document the regeneration furnace,
afterburner, and spray dryer/baghouse system operation during the test
periods. The purpose of collecting this information is to document the
between-run variations in operating conditions. The data are discussed
separately below.
4-1
-------
-------
about 40 percent by weight, and the volatiles content is about 20 percent by
weight. The spent carbon feed may contain chlorinated organics from the
various wastewater treatment processes that use the carbon.
Spent carbon slurry is fed from a surge tank to a dewatering screw using
an on/off slurry valve. The dewatering screw feeds the spent carbon to the
top hearth of the furnace. In the furnace, the spent carbon is dried and the
organics on the carbon are distilled and burned as the carbon is reactivated.
The regenerated carbon drops from the bottom hearth of the furnace to a quench
tank and is stored as a slurry. Plant personnel report that residual organic
compounds are not detectable on the surface of the reactivated carbon.
The following parameters are recorded hourly in the regeneration furnace
control room: individual hearth temperatures, furnace draft, natural gas
usage for the furnace, and spent carbon slurry surge tank level.
*
3.3 EMISSIONS CONTROL SYSTEM
•
Emissions from furnace CRF-A are controlled by an afterburner, an
alkaline spray cooler, and a baghouse. The afterburner consists of a short
vertical section with natural gas fired burners and a long horizontal section
of refractory lined duct with no burners. Temperatures in the afterburner are
required by the operating permit to be in excess of 871°C (1600°F), and the
residence time of the afterburner chamber is a nominal 0.5 seconds.
Afterburner operating parameters monitored in the control room include
temperature, draft, and natural gas usage.
Exhaust gases from the afterburner are cooled by an alkaline spray
cooler. In the cooler, an atomized dilute alkaline solution is mixed with the
exhaust gas from the afterburner. The alkaline medium neutralizes acid gases
to permit compliance with regulatory emission limits.
From the spray cooler, the exhaust gases enter a four module baghouse.
The baghouse is rated for gas flows up to 620 SCMM»(21,800 scfm). The
baghouse uses Teflon bags to remove fly ash and reaction products from the
upstream components. Collected particulate matter drops from the baghouse
hoppers to cardboard boxes. The dust is ultimately disposed of in a landfill.
3-3
-------
Exhaust Gaa
-------
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
This section describes the host site (Site CRF-A), the carbon
regeneration furnace, and the emission control system that was tested. Data
summarizing the operations of the furnace and the control equipment are
presented in Section 4.0.
3.1 HOST SITE DESCRIPTION
The host site is an industrial carbon regeneration plant, permitted to
process up to 49,500 Kg/day (109,000 Ibs/day) of spent carbon (bare carbon
basis). The spent carbon is returned from numerous plants that use activated
carbon for industrial wastewater treatment. The host site operates 24
hrs/day, 7 days/week for approximately 310 days/year. A 3 week shutdown
period is scheduled every year for reactivation furnace maintenance.
A flow diagram of the carbon regeneration process at Site CRF-A is shown
in Figure 3-1. Spent carbon is reactivated in a multiple-hearth furnace,
cooled in a quench tank, and stored prior to shipment. The furnace exhaust
gases pass through an afterburner, a spray cooler and a baghouse before being
exhausted to the atmosphere. The carbon regeneration furnace and afterburner/
spray cooler/baghouse emissions control system are described in more detail in
the following sections. The carbon regeneration furnace is referred to as
Furnace CRF-A in the remainder of the test plan.
3.2 CARBON REGENERATION FURNACE
Furnace CRF-A is a Herreschoff multiple-hearth furnace that was rebuilt
in 1980. The furnace fires an average of 13,000 cubic meters/day
(460,000 cu ft/day) of natural gas. The hearth temperatures can be controlled
over a range from 480°C to 1093°C (900°F to 2000°F). Some level of excess
oxygen is typically present throughout the furnace.
About four days worth of spent carbon feed is stored on-site in a water
slurry form. The carbon varies in size, but has a nominal 12x30 mesh
distribution. The moisture content of the spent carbon fed to the furnace is
3-1
-------
-------
Dioxin and furan homlogues were detected, at low concentration in the
baghouse ash. All We dioxin homologues but 2378 TCDD were detected and the
tetra- and penta- and octa- chlorinated.furan homlogues were detected. The
total average concentration were 1.1 ppb for TCDD and 0.5 ppb for TCDF. The
baghouse treated an average of 380 dscmm of flue gas at a temperature of 204°C
(400°F). The average pressure drop across the baghouse was 5.6 in H20.
The ambient air in the general vicinity of the spray cooler intake
contained low concentrations of octa-CDD and tetra-CDF homlogues. The
concentration of octa-CDD was measured at 0.02 ng/dscm and the concentration
of tetra-CDF was measured at 0.04 ng/dscm both which are near the detection
limit.
Chloride emissions at the baghouse outlet exhaust stack were measured at
1.6 mg/dscm which corresponds to 3.4 mg/dscm @ 3% 02< The average chlorides
emissions factor was calculated to be 39 milligrams of chloride emitted per "•
kilogram of reactivated carbon produced.
The furnace produced an average of 1080 kg/hr of reactivated carbon. The
spent carbon slurry contained 49.9 w% total volatiles, 36.5 w% moisture and
13.4 w% organics. Precursor analysis of the spent carbon slurry detected 2.9
ug/g of chlorobenzenes but polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorophenols were
not detected. The spent carbon slurry contained 6400 ug/g of total chlorides.
The plant considered the hearth temperatures confidential but the average
afterburner temperature was 950°C (1750°F). Average flue gas concentrations
measured at the baghouse outlet exhaust stack using Radian CEMs were: 02, 13.9
vol%, dry; C02, 13.2 vol % @ 3%, dry; CO, 88.5 ppmv @ 3% 02, dry; and THC, 3.0
ppmv @ 3% 02, wet.
2-7
-------
TABLE 2-2. SUMMARY OF MEAN DIOXIN AND FURAN
EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE CRF-A
Parameter
2378 TCDD Total PCDD Total PCDF
INLET:
Emissions Concentration
(ng/dscm)
As-measured
Corrected to 3% 02
Emissions Rate (ug/hr)
0.06
0.09
0.96
21
29
310
50
70
750
OUTLET:
Emissions Concentration
(ng/dscm)
As-measured
Corrected to 3% 02
Emissions Rate (ug/hr)
NO
ND
ND
1.4
2.7
32
1.3
3.3
29
2-6
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Samples of the spent carbon feed to the regeneration furnace were
collected and analyzed for.dioxin precursors. Samples of the regenerated
carbon product and the baghouse dust were collected and analyzed for
dioxin/furan. The dioxin/furan analyses were performed by EMSL-RTP and
ECL-Bay St. Louis, two of the three labs known as Troika, and the dioxin
precursor analyses were performed by Radian. Specific dioxin precursors
analyzed for were chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls and
total chlorides.
Continuous emissions monitors (CEM) were operated during the test periods
to measure C02, 02, CO, and total hydrocarbon (THC) concentrations in the
exhaust gas from the baghouse. The continuous monitoring data were used in
conjunction with the process data to document the stability of combustion
conditions during the test.
»
»
2.2 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
The data obtained.at Site CRF-A during the Tier 4 test is summarized in
Figure 2-2. Detectable quantities of all targeted dioxin and furan species
except 2378 TCDD and 2378 TCDF were found in the stack gas at the baghouse
outlet exhaust stack. The mean dioxin and furan emissions data is summarized
in Table 2-2. Average as-measured stack gas concnetrations of the total PCDD
and total PCDF at the baghouse outlet were 1.4 ng/dscm and 1.3 ng/dscm,
respectively. The hourly emission rates were 32 ug/hr for total PCDD and 29
ug/hr for total PCDF. Hexa, hepta- and octa- CDD were the most prevalent of
the tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxin homologues, while the furans were
dominated by tetra-CDF.
At the spray cooler inlet, all targeted dioxin and furan species were
detected. Average as-measured stack gas concentrations were 0.06 ng/dscm for
2378 TCDD, 21 ng/dscm for total PCDD and 50 ng/dscm for total PCDF. The
hourly emissions rates were 0.96 ug/hr for 2378 TCDD, 310 ug/hr for total
PCDD, and 750 ug/hr for total PCDF. For the dioxin homologues, hepta- and
octa- TCDD were the most prevalent and for the furan homlogues tetra-CDD's
other than 2378 TCDD were most prevalent. The spray cooler/baghouse emission
control system positively controlled dioxin/furan emissions.
-2-4
-------
TABLE 2-1. SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW FOR SITE CRF-A
Item
Item Description
1. Number of test runs
2. Gaseous sampling
4. Solid sampling
Three identical test runs. (Runs 1, 2, 3).
MM5 dioxin sampling at the baghouse outlet
exhaust stack and the spray cooler inlet
(afterburner outlet) location (Runs 1, 2,
and 3). Dioxin/furan analysis.
MM5 HC1 sampling at the baghouse outlet
exhaust stack (Runs 1, 2, 3). Total chloride
analysis.
Ambient air sampling near atomizing air
intake point at spray cooler. (Two
identical composites for Runs 1, 2, 3.)
Dioxin/furan and precursor analysis.
EPA Reference Methods 2 and 4 at baghouse
outlet exhaust stack and spray cooler
inlet (Runs 1, 2, 3). Gas velocity and
moisture.
Integrated bag sampling (EPA Reference
Method 3) at baghouse outlet exhaust stack,
spray cooler inlet and furnace outlet
(Runs 1, 2, 3). C02, 02, and N2 analysis
for molecular weignt determination.
Continuous monitoring of CO, C0?, 0?, S0?,
NO , and THC (total hydrocarbons) at
baghouse outlet exhaust stack.
(Runs 1, 2, 3).
Spent carbon feed sampling (Runs 1, 2, 3). •
Precursor analysis.
Baghouse dust sampling (Runs 1, 2, 3).
Dioxin/furan analysis.
2-3
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2,0 SUMMARY
2.1 SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
The host plant (Site CRF-A) is an activated carbon regeneration plant. A
carbon regeneration furnace processing spent activated carbon that may contain
adsorbed chlorinated organic compounds was tested for dioxin/furan emissions.
Emissions in the exhaust gas from the carbon regeneration furnace are
controlled by an afterburner, a sodium carbonate spray cooler and a baghouse.
A process flow diagram of the carbon regeneration furnace and emissions
control system is shown in Figure 2-1.
The gaseous and solid sampling conducted in this test program are
summarized in Table 2-1. Sampling for dioxin/furan emissions was performed at
the spray cooler inlet location and the baghouse outlet exhaust stack. The *
dioxin/furan sampling generally followed the October 1984 draft of the
Modified Method 5 (MM5) procedure developed by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for measuring emissions of chlorinated organic
compounds with minor changes. The two changes in the method are described in
Section 5 of this report. The MM5 sample train components (probe rinses,
filter, sorbent trap, etc.) were analyzed for dioxin/furan by one of the three
EPA laboratories referred to collectively in the National Dioxin Study as
Troika. The analysis quantified the 2378-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin isomer
(2378-TCDD), the tetra- through octa-polychlorinated dioxin homologues (PCDD),
and the tetra- through octa-polychlorinated dibenzo furan homologues (PCDF).
Sampling for HC1 emissions was performed at the baghouse outlet exhaust
stack using an HC1 train, which is a modified version of the Method 5 train.
Ambient air sampling was performed near the atomizing air intake point at the
spray cooler. The ambient air sampling train contained an adsorbent resin to
capture organic compounds. The resin samples were analyzed to determine the
dioxin/furan and dioxin precursor concentrations in the ambient air.
Integrated bag samples were collected at the furnace exhaust using EPA Method
3 for fixed gas (C02, CO, 02, NZ) analysis. The samples were analyzed on-site
using gas chromatography with thermal.conductivity detection.
2-1
-------
-------
1.0 Introduction
The Environmental Protection Agency is assessing the potential for the
emissions of dioxin/furansa from combustion sources under Tier 4 of the
National Dioxin Study. If any of the combustion sources are found to emit
dioxins, the secondary purpose of the Tier 4 study is to quantify these
emissions and, if possible, relate the emissions to combustion parameters.
Carbon regeneration furnaces are one of eight source categories that have
been included in the field test program. Carbon regeneration furnaces react-
ivate spent carbon from industrial or municipal water treatment facilities.
The spent carbon may contain adsorbed chlorinated compounds.
This report presents the results of an emission test program conducted by
Radian during May 28-31, 1985 at an industrial carbon regeneration furnace
designated as Site CRF-A. The furnace was selected after an initial informa-
tion screening .and a pre'test survey visit. This facility is considered
representative of other carbon regeneration furnaces in the United States.
Furnace CRF-A regenerates spent carbon from more than 20 plants that use
activated carbon for industrial wastewater treatment.
»
An overview of the test program and the results and conclusions are
presented in Section 2.0. The carbon regeneration furnace and the emission
control system are described in Section 3.0. The process variables recorded
during the tests and the detailed test results are presented in Section 4.0.
Sections 5.0 through 7.0 present the various testing details. These include
descriptions of the sampling locations and procedures (Section 5.0), descrip-
tions of the analytical procedures (Section 6.0), and a summary of the quality
control results (Section 7.0). The appendices contain complete calculations,
field data, and other supporting material generated during the field test and
analytical activities.
The term dioxin/furan as used in this report refers to the polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers with four or more chlorine atoms.
1-1
-------
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Paqe
2-1 Simplified Process Flow Diagram of Carbon
Regeneration Process ...................... 2-2
2-2 Data Summary for Site CRF-A .................. 2-5
3-1 Process Flow Diagram of Carbon Regeneration Process ...... 3-2
4-1 Hearth Temperature Variation, Hearths 1 & 2, and
Furnace Flue Gas ........................ 4.4
4-2 Hearth Temperature Variation, Hearths 3, 4 & 5 ......... 4-5
4-3 Hearth Temperature Variation, Hearths 6 & 7 .......... 4-6
4-4 Afterburner Temperature vs. Test Time, Site CRF-A ....... 4-10
4-5 Oxygen Concentration History at the Baghouse Outlet ...... 4-16
4-6 Carbon Dioxide Concentration History at the
Baghouse Outlet ........................ 4. 17
4-7 Carbon Monoxide Concentration History at the
Baghouse Outlet ........................ 4. 18
4-8 Total Hydrocarbon Concentration History at the
Baghouse Outlet ........................ 4. 19
4-9 Homologue Distribution at the Spray Cooler Inlet ........ 4-26
4-10 Homologue Distribution at the Baghouse Outlet ......... 4-30
•
5-1 Sample Point Diagram for Carbon Regeneration Furnace ...... 5-3
5-2 Baghouse Outlet Exhaust Stack Sampling Location ........ 5-5
5-3 Spray Cooler Inlet (Afterburner Outlet) Sampling Location ... 5-6
5-4 Modified Method 5 Train .................... 5. 10
5-5 Adsorbent Sampling System ................... 5_H
5-6 Components of Ambient Air Sampling Train ............ 5-13
6-1 Sample Preparation Flow Diagram for CRF-A Precursor
Analyses .......................... 5.4
-------
LIST OF TABLES
(cont'd.)
Table
4-15
4-16
4-17
4-18
4-19
4-20
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
6-3
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
Di^!n/Jnl-an Emiss1on Factors at the Outlet Stack for
Site CRF-A
Spray Cooler/Baghouse System Removal Efficiencies at
Site CRF-A. ... n • inencies ai
Summary of Dioxin Precursor Data for Site CRF-A
Feed Samples. ....
Chloride Concentrations at the Outlet Stack for Site CRF-A.
Results of Dioxin/Furan Analysis of Baghouse Ash Samples
at Site CRF-A ......
Ambient Dioxin/Furan Concentrations in Vicinity of
Atomizing Air Intake Point to Spray Cooler
Source Sampling and Analysis Matrix for Site CRF-A
Summary of Gas Sampling Methods Used at Site CRF-A
Analytical Conditions for the GC/MS
Components of the Calibration Solution
Analytical Conditions for TOX Analysis
Glassware Precleaning Procedure
Summary of Isokinetic Results .
Summary of Drift Check and Control Standard Results ....
PeAnal5sesrr°9ate Recoveries for Site CRF'A Dioxin/Furan
Percent Surrogate Recoveries for Site CRF-A Feed Samples.
An|ltt1CRF ?eSUlts for Tro1ka Quality Control Samples for
Pr°?f BJ^kAaIll Fleld,B1ank Dioxin/Furan Data for
Site CRF-A MM5 Samples. . .
Page
4-32
4-33
4-35
4-36
4-38
4-39
5-2
5-8
6-6
6-8
6-9
7-2
7-5-
7-7
7-9
7-10
7-12
7-13
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table
2-1
2-2
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
4-13
4-14
Source Sampling and Analysis Overview for Site CRF-A. .. . .
Summary of Mean Dioxin and Furan Emissions Data for
Site CRF-A
Summary of Test Times for Each Run, Site CRF-A
Furnace CRF-A Hearth Temperature History
Deviation From Test Average (%)
Summary of Regenerator Furnace Feed Conditions, Site CRF-A.
Summary of Afterburner Operating Data
Summary of Evaporative Cooler—Baghouse Operating Data. . .
Summary of Flue Gas Parameters at Site CRF-A
Mean Values and Standard Deviations of Continuously
Monitored Combustion Gases at Outlet Location
Overview of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Concentration Data
for Site CRF-A
Summary of Dioxin and Furan Mass Flow Rate for Site CRF-A .
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Flue Gas Emissions Data at the
Spary Cooler Inlet for Site CRF-A
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the Spray
Cooler Inlet for Site CRF-A (Concentrations corrected
to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan Emissions Mass Flow at the Spray Cooler Inlet
for Site CRF-A
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the Outlet
Stack for Site CRF-A
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the Outlet
Stack for Site CRF-A (Concentrations corrected
to 3% Oxygen)
Page
2-3
2-6
4-2
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-12
4-13
4-15
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-24
4-27
4-28
4-29
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-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Section paqe
Appendix B Process Monitoring Data B-l
Appendix C Field Data Sheets
C.I MM5-Inlet Runs Sheets C-l
C.2 MM5-Outlet Run Sheets C-13
C.3 Ambient Run Sheets C-25
C.4 HC1-Outlet Run Sheets C-29
C.5 Sampling Train Recovery Sheets C-35
C.6 Preliminary Traverse Point Location/Traverse and
Nomograph Data Sheets C-65
Appendix D Meter Calibrations D-l
Appendix E Laboratory Analytical Data E-l
Appendix F Project Participants F-l
Appendix G Sample Shipment Letter G-l
Appendix H Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data H-l
Appendix I Error Analysis of Control Device Efficiency Calculations. . 1-1
Appendix J Run-Specific Homologue Distributions . . . J-l
Appendix K Run-Specific Risk Modeling Input Data K-l
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Section
Page
5.2. Gaseous Sampling (cont'd.)
5.2.2 Gas Sampling Procedures . . 5 7
5.2.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5)! '.'.'.'.'.'.' 5.7
5.2.2.2 HC1 Determination ' 5.12
5.2.2.3 Ambient Air Sampling . . . ! 5-12
I'H'J Volumetric Gs Flow Rate Determination! 5-14
:•;•:•? ^ue Gas M°isture Determination. ... 5-14
5.2.2.6 Flue Gas Molecular Weight
Determination 5_14
* 7 c TJ c5'2;?'7 Cont1nuous Emissions Monitoring! ! ! ! 5-14
o.o ooila Campling t; ic
5.3.1 Feed Sampling ...!!!!!!! 515
5.3.2 Reactivated Carbon Product! 5~ic
5.3.3 Baghouse Dust Sampling !!!!!!!! 5-16
6.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES. ... fi ,
6.1 Dioxins/Furans ! ;"{
6.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursors. . ! ! ! «,
6.2.1 GC/MS Analyses !!!!!!'"'' fi-2
6.2.1.1 Sample Preparation . ! «%
6.2.1.2 Analysis 2":
6.3 TOX Analysis ..... *T*
6.4 Total Chlorine Analysis. .!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6-10
7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL. 71
7.1 Manual Gas Sampling ! (.'\
7.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware Preparation 7^1
• -
• 7*
7.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Anaiyses .!!!!!! 73
7.3.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of'the'Test
Samples 7 a
7.3.1.2 Sample Blanks 7 „
7.3.2 Total Chloride Analysis !!!!!.' 7-u
Appendix A Field Sampling Data
*:l A^ief^tedA^,-n5 ^ulEtp?Hethods !-4 R«ults- • • »-i
A.3 CEM Results J"J?
A.4 HC1 Train Results. . . ! ! J~l\
A.5 Modified Method 5 and EPA Methods'lYSample ' ' '
Calculation K . ,Q
A.6 EPA Method 3 Data. ... "
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 SUMMARY 2-1
2.1 Source Sampling and Analysis Overview 2-1
2.2 Summary of Results 2-4
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 3-1
3.1 Host Site Description 3-1
3.2 Carbon Regeneration Furnace 3-1
3.3 Emissions Control System 3-3
4.0 TEST RESULTS 4-1
4.1 Description of Test Periods 4-1
4.2 Process Data 4-1
4.2.1 Carbon Regeneration Furnace Operation 4-3
4.2.2 Afterburner Operation 4-3
4.2.3 Evaporative Cooler - Baghouse Operation .... 4-11
4.3 Flue Gas Parameter Data 4-11
4.4 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Data 4-14
4.5 Dioxin/Furan Emissions 4-20
4.5.1 Isomer and Homologue Specific Data at the
Spray Cooler Inlet 4-20
4.5.2 Isomer and Homologue Specific Data at the
ESP Outlet 4-25
4.5.3 Reduction of Dioxin/Furan Concentrations Due
to the Particulate Control Device 4-31
4.6 Spent Carbon Feed Precursor Data 4-31
4.7 HC1 Train Chlorides Emissions Data 4-34
4.8 Dioxin/Furan Results of Baghouse Ash 4-37
4.9 Dioxin/Furan Results and Precursor Results of Ambient
Air Sampling. . 4-37
4.10 Dioxin/Furan Results of Soil Sampling 4-37
4.11 Dioxin/Furan Results of Reactivated Carbon Sampling. . 4-37
5.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES 5-1
5.1 Test Description 5-1
5.2 Gaseous Sampling 5-1
5.2.1 Gaseous Sampling Location 5-1
5.2.1.1 Baghouse Outlet Exhaust Stack 5-1
5.2.1.2 Spray Cooler Inlet
(Afterburner Outlet) 5-4
5.2.1.3 Multiple Hearth Furnace Outlet
(Afterburner Inlet) 5-7
5.2.1.4 Ambient Air Sampling 5-7
-------
-------
FOREWORD
This report is the result of a cooperative effort
between the Office of Research and Development's Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (HWERL) and the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard's Monitoring
and Data Analysis Division (MDAD). The overall management
of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study was the responsi-
bility of MDAD. In addition, MDAD provided technical
guidance for the source test covered by this report.
HWERL was directly responsible for the management and
technical direction of the source test.
-------
This report has been reviewed by the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication as received from the
contractor. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Agency, neither does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
EPA-450/4-84-014r
-------
EPA-450/4-84-014r
NATIONAL DIOXIN STUDY
TIER 4 _ COMBUSTION SOURCES
Final Test Report — Site 9
Carbon Regeneration Furnace CRF —A
By
Carol L Jamgochian
Lawrence E. Keller
Winton Kelly
Radian Corporation
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Contract Number: 68-02-3850
Donald Oberacker, Project Officer
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office Of Air And Radiation
Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
And
Office Of Research And Development
Washington DC 20460
April 1987
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