EPA-450/4-84-014t
NATIONAL DIOXIN STUDY
TIER 4 — COMBUSTION SOURCES
Final Test Report — Site 11
Drum and Barrel Reclamation
Furnace DBR — A
By
!
Dennis R. Knisley
Winton E. Kelly
Lawrence E. Keller
Radian Corporation
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Contract Number: 68-03-3148
Donald Oberacker, Project Officer
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office Of Air And Radiation
Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
And
Office Of Research And Development
Washington DC 20460
April 1987
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This report has been reviewed by the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication as received from the
contractor. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Agency, neither does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
EPA-450/4-84-0141
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FOREWORD
This report is the result of a cooperative effort
between the Office of Research and Development's Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (HWERL) and the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard's Monitoring
and Data Analysis Division (MDAD). The overall management
of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study was the responsi-
bility of MDAD. In addition, MDAD provided technical
guidance for the source test covered by this report.
HWERL was directly responsible for the management and
technical direction of the source test.
1 i i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Page
1.0 Introduction 1_1
2.0 Test Program Summary 2-1
2.1 Source Sampling and Analysis Overview. ....... 2-1
2.2 Summary of Results ! .' ! 2-4
3.0 Process Description . 3_!
3.1 Host Site Description 3-1
3.2 Burning Process and Furnace Description] . . . 3-1
3.3 Drum Contents ! 3-3
3.4 Afterburner Description 3-3
4.0 Test Description. . . 4_!
4.1 Field Sampling '.'.'. 4-1
4.2 Process Data Collection !!!.*"**' 4-5
4.3 Laboratory Analyses !!!!!'* 4-5
4.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analysis ........ " * 4-5
4.3.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analysis ....!!"**' 4-7 '
4.3.3 Total Chloride Analysis ! ! 4-7
5.0 Test Results 5.}
5.1 Process Data 5-1
5.2 Flue Gas Parameter Data •....!!!!!"'"' 5-3
5.2.1 Afterburner Inlet Location ! ! ! ! ! 5-3
5.2.2 Afterburner Outlet Location ..'!**' 5-5
5.3 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Data .... 5.5
5.4 Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data j 5.3
5.4.1 Afterburner inlet 5.3
5.4.2 Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack. . . .' .* ] ! .' ] .' 5-22
5.4.3 Reduction of Dioxin/Furan Concentrations Due to
the Afterburner 5_28
5.5 HC1 Train Chloride Emissions Data. ........ 5.30
5.6 Drum Furnace Feed Sample Analyses .' 5.30
5.7 Dioxin/Furan Analyses of Furnace Ash Samples . . ! . ' 5-33
5.8 Ambient XAD Train Data ' 5.33
5.9 Soil Sampling Data !!!!!!! 5-38
6.0 Sampling Locations and Procedures 6-1
6.1 Gaseous Sampling ! 6-1
6.1.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations. ............ 5-1
6.1.1.1 Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack . . .' ! .' 6-1
6.1.1.2 Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct 6-3
6.1.2 Gas Sampling Procedures 6-3
6.1.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5) '.'.'.'.'. 6-3
6.1.2.2 Ambient Air Sampling . 6-5
6.1.2.3 HC1 Determination 6-9
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Section
Page
6.1.2 Gas Sampling Procedures (cont'd.)
6.1.2.4 Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination . . 6-9
6.1.2.5 Flue Gas Moisture Determination 6-10
6.1.2.6 Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination. . 6-10
6.1.2.7 Continuous Monitors 6-10
6.2 Solid Sampling 6-11
6.2.1 Feed Sampling 6-11
6.2.2 Ash Sampling 6-11
6.2.3 Soil Sampling 6-12
7.0 Analytical Procedures 7-1
7.1 Dioxins/Furans ! . 7-1
7.2 Precursor Analyses 7-2
7.2.1 GC/MS Analyses '.'.'.'.'. 7-3
7.2.1.1 Sample Preparation 7-3
7.2.1.2 Analysis 7.5
7.3 Total Chloride Analyses 7-6
8.0 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) 8-1
8.1 Manual Gas Sampling 8-1
8.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware Preparation . ! 8-2
8.1.2 Procedural QC Activities/Manual Gas Sampling. ... 8-2
8.1.3 Sample Custody 8-6
8.2 Continuous Monitoring/Molecular Weight Determination . . ! 8-6
8.3 Validation of 0? and C09 Data 8-9
8.4 Laboratory Analyses. . „ s-9
8.4.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses ','.'.'. S-9
8.4.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the Test Samples .8-12
8.4.1.2 Sample Blank 8-12
8.4.2 Precursor Analyses 8-15
8.4.3 Total Chloride Analyses ! 8-17
Appendix A Field Results
A-l Definition of Terms and Sample Calculation for A-l
MM5 Calculations
A-2 Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct MM5 Calculations and Results . A-7
A-3 Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack MM5 Calculations and
Results A_15
A-4 Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack HCL Calculations'and
Results /\_23
A-5 Ambient Air Calculations and Results ! ! ! ! A-31
Appendix B
Process Monitoring Data B-l
vi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Section
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
F-l
F-2
F-3
F-4
Appendix G
Appendix H
CEM Data
Sample Shipping Letters,
Dioxin/Furan Analytical Data
Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data ......
Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan
Emissions Data (As-measured Concentrations)
Afterburner Outlet Stack Run Specific Dioxin/Furan ' ' '
Emissions Data (As-measured Concentrations)
Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan
Emissions Data (Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxyqen)
Afterburner Outlet Stack Run Specific Dioxin/Furan
Emissions Data (Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Risk Modeling Input Parameters (Afterburner Outlet).
Error Analysis of Control Device Efficiency Calculations
Page
C-l
0-1
E-l
F-l
F-3
F-9
F-15
F-21
6-1
H-l
vii
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LIST OF TABLES
Number
2-1
2-2
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-12
Page
Source Sampling and Analysis Overview for Site DBR-A. ..... 2-3
Summary of Mean Dioxin/Furan Data for Site DBR-A (Stack
Location) ......................... 2-6
Source Sampling and Analysis Matrix for Site DBR-A. ...... 4-2
Process Monitoring Data Obtained at Site DBR-A. . '. ...... 4-6
Incinerator DBR-A Operating Data ................ 5-2
Flue Gas Parameters at Site DBR-A (Afterburner Inlet
Location) .......................... 5_4
Flue Gas Parameters at Site DBR-A (Afterburner Outlet
Location) ....................... 5_5
Mean Values and Standard Deviations of Continuously Monitored
Combustion Gases at the Afterburner Exhaust Stack ...... 5-7
Overview of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Concentration Data at the
Afterburner Inlet for Site DBR-A. ..... .......... 5-15
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Data for the Afterburner Inlet at
Site DBR-A .......................... 5_16
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Data at the Afterburner Inlet for
Site DBR-A (As-measured concentrations) ........... 5. 18
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Data at the Afterburner Inlet for
Site DBR-A (Concentrations corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen) . . 5-19
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors at the Afterburner Inlet
for Site DBR-A ........................ 5_2j
Overview of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Concentration Data for
Site DBR-A (Afterburner Outlet Location) ........... 5.33
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emission Rate Data for Site DBR-A
(Afterburner Outlet Location) ................ 5.24
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the Afterburner
Outlet Stack for Site DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations). . . 5-25
ix
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LIST OF TABLES
(cont'd.)
Number
5-13
5-14
5-15
5-16
5-17
5-18
5-19
5-20
6-1
7-1
7-2
7-3
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-8
Page
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data at the Afterburner Outlet
Stack for Site DBR-A (Concentrations corrected to 3% Oxygen). 5-26
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors from the Afterburner Stack
for Site DBR-A ................. . ...... 5.29
Afterburner Removal Efficiencies at Site DBR-A ......... 5-31
HC1 Train Chloride Emissions Data for Site DBR-A ........ 5-32
Summary of Dioxin/Furan Precursor Data for Site DBR-A
Feed Samples ......................... 5.34
Dioxin/Furan Concentration Data for Site DBR-A Drum
Residue Samples ....................... 5.35
Dioxin/Furan Concentration Data for Site DBR-A Ash Samples. . . 5-36
Ambient Air Dioxin/Furan Concentration Data for Site DBR-A. . . 5-37
Summary of Gas Sampling Methods for Site DBR-A ......... 6-4
Instrument Conditions for 6C/MS Precursor Analyses ....... 7-7
Components of the Calibration Solution ............. 7.3
Analytical Conditions for TOX Analysis ............. 7.9
Glassware Precleaning Procedure ................ 8-3
Summary of Isokinetic Results ............. .... 8-5
Summary of Drift Check and Control Standard Results
at Site DBR-A ........................ 3.3
Percent Surrogate Recoveries for Site DBR-A
Dioxin/Furan Analyses .................... 8_H
Analysis Results for Quality Control Samples ......... 8-13
Field Blank Dioxin/Furan Data for Site DBR-A MM5 Samples . . . 8-14
Percent Surrogate Recoveries for Site DBR-A Feed Samples ... 8-16
Results of Duplicate Analyses of Chloride Audit Samples. . . . 8-18
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LIST OF FIGURES
Number
2-1
2-2
3-1
4-1
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
7-1
8-1
8-2
Page
Simplified Flow Diagram of Furnace DBR-A ............ 2-2
Data Summary for Site DBR-A .................. 2-5
Burning Process Schematic Flow ................. 3-2
Sample Point Diagram for Site DBR-A .............. 4.4
Oxygen Concentration History at Afterburner Outlet
Exhaust Stack ...... .................. 5.9
Carbon Monoxide Concentration History at Afterburner
Outlet Exhaust Stack ..................... 5_10
Carbon Dioxide Concentration History at Afterburner
Outlet Exhaust Stack. . _
Oxides of Nitrogen Concentration History at Afterburner
Outlet Exhaust Stack ..................... 5. 12
Total Hydrocarbon History at Afterburner Exhaust Stack. . . . 5-13
Sulfur Dioxide Concentration History at Afterburner
Exhaust Stack ........................ 5_14
Dioxin/Furan Homologue Distributions for the Afterburner
Inlet Stack Emissions for Site DBR-A ............. 5-20
Dioxin/Furan Homologue Distributions for the Afterburner
Outlet Stack Emissions for Site DBR-A ............ 5-27
Exhaust Gas Stack Sampling Location .............. 6-2
Modified Method 5 Train .............. ...... 6_6
Adsorbent Sampling System ................... 5.7
Components of Ambient Air Sampling Train ............ 6-8
Site Plot Plan and Soil Sampling Locations, Site DBR-A ..... 6-13
Sample Preparation Flow Diagram for Site DBR-A Precursor
Analyses ........................... 7.4
Alpha-Numeric Sampling Code for Site DBR-A ........... 8-7
Validation of CEM, 02 and C02 Data at Site DBR-A ........ 8-10
xi
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan emissions test of a
drum and barrel reconditioning furnace equipped with an afterburner for
emissions control. Steel drums are reconditioned by combusting the drum
contents (residual material) in a tunnel furnace. The test was the eleventh
in a series of emission tests conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin
Study. The primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various combustion
devices are sources of dioxin and/or furan emissions. If any of the
combustion sources are found to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective
of Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions.
Drum reconditioning furnaces are one of eight combustion device
categories that have been tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested furnace,
hereafter referred to as furnace DBR-A, was selected for this test after an
initial information screening and a one-day pretest survey. The drums which
are processed at the plant are received from a number of different sources,
thus the combustible material burned in the furnace is heterogeneous. Furnace
DBR-A is considered representative of other drum reconditioning furnaces
operating in the United States.
This test report is organized as follows. A summary of test results and
conclusions is provided in Section 2, followed by a detailed process
description in Section 3. The source sampling and analysis plan is outlined
in Section 4 and the field sampling and analytical data are presented in
Section 5. Sections 6 through 8 present various testing details. These
include descriptions of the sampling locations and procedures (Section 6),
descriptions of the analytical procedures (Section 7), and a summary of the
quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) results (Section 8). The appendices
contain data generated during the field sampling and analytical activities.
The term "dioxin/furan" and the acronyms PCDD and PCDF as used in this report
refer to the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers with
four or more chlorine atoms.
1-1
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2.0 TEST PROGRAM SUMMARY
2.1 SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
The host site for test number 11 of the Tier 4 dioxin emission test
program is a steel drum reconditioning facility. This plant operates a
burning furnace to prepare used steel drums for cleaning to base metal. The
cleaned drums are repaired, repainted, relined and sold for reuse. The
furnace is typical of the tunnel furnace design used in the drum recondition-
ing industry. The exhaust gases from the furnace flow to a natural gas-fired
afterburner where combustion is completed. A simplified process flow diagram
of the furnace/afterburner system is shown in Figure 2-1.
The gaseous and solid sampling conducted in this test program is summa-
rized in Table 2-1. Sampling for dioxin emissions was performed at the
afterburner outlet exhaust stack and incinerator outlet exhaust duct during
each of three test runs conducted on August 6, 7, and 8, 1985. The dioxin/
furan sampling procedure used was based upon the Modified Method 5 (MM5)
procedure developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for
measuring emissions of chlorinated organic compounds. Two modifications in
the sampling procedure were necessary and are described in Section 6 of this
report. The MM5 sample train components (filter, sorbent traps, probe rinses,
etc.) were analyzed for dioxins by two of three EPA laboratories referred to
collectively in this report as "Troika." The analyses performed by Troika
quantified the 2378-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCCD) isomer, the
tetra-through octa-polychlorinated dioxin homologues (PCDD), and the
tetra-through octa-polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) homologues present in
the samples.
Dioxin precursor analyses were performed on samples of the drum residues
and coatings. The dioxin precursor analyses were performed by Radian. The
specific dioxin precursors analyzed for were chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and total chlorine.
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TABLE 2-1. SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW FOR SITE DBR-A
Item
Description
1. Number of test runs
2. Gaseous Sampling
3. Solid Sampling
- Three identical test runs (Runs, 1, 2, 3).
- MM5 sampling at the afterburner inlet and
exhaust stack. Dioxin/furan analysis
(Runs 1, 2, 3).
- HC1 Train sampling at the afterburner exhaust
stack. Total Cl analysis (Runs 1, 2, 3).
- EPA Reference Methods 2 and 4 at the
afterburner exhaust stack. Gas velocity
and moisture (Runs 1, 2, 3).
- EPA Method 3 integrated bag sampling at the
after exhaust stack. Analysis for C0«, 02,
and N« to compute gas molecular weight.
(Runs*l, 2, 3).
- Continuous monitoring Of CO, C0?, 0?, S0?,
NOV, THC at afterburner exhaust stack
(RQns 1, 2, 3).
- Ambient air sampling near furnace/ afterburner
(two identical composites for Runs 1, 2, 3).
Dioxin/furan precursor analysis.
- Drum residues and coatings (Runs 1, 2, 3).
Dioxin/furan precursor analysis.
- Furnace ash. Inlet and outlet ash
(Runs 1, 2, 3). Dioxin/furan analysis.
- Soil sampling (One composite sample from
10 locations.) Potential dioxin/furan
analysis.
2-3
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Continuous emission monitoring (CEM) was performed by Radian at the
afterburner outlet exhaust stack for CO, C02, S02, NOX, total hydrocarbons
(THC), and Og. The continuous monitoring data were used in conjunction with
process data to relate dioxin emissions to combustion conditions.
A single composite soil sample was taken by Radian and transferred to
Tier 7 of the National Dioxin Study for possible dioxin/furan analysis. The
soil sample results would provide information on the dioxin content of soils
near the plant.
2.2 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Figure 2-2 summarizes the data obtained at Site DBR-A during the Tier 4
test program. Detectable quantities of all targeted dioxin and furan species
were found in the stack gas emissions at the afterburner outlet. As shown in
Table 2-2, average as-measured stack gas concentrations of 2378-TCDD, total
PCDD, and total PCDF were 0.022 ng/dscm, 2.1 ng/dscm, and 11.3 ng/dscm,
respectively. This corresponded to hourly mass emission rates of
approximately .25 ug/hr 2378-TCDD, .24 ug/hr total PCDD, and 130 ug/hr total
PCDF. Total dioxin emissions were fairly evenly distributed among the tetra-
through octa-chlorinated dioxin homologues, while the tetra- and
penta-chlorinated furnace homologues were more prevalent than the hexa-
through octa-chlorinated furan homologues.
Average as-measured concentrations at the inlet to the afterburner were
3.5 ng/dscm 2378-TCDD, 160 ng/dscm total PCDD, and 470 ng/dscm total PCDF.
This corresponded to inlet mass flow rates of 25 ug/hr 2378 TCDD, 1050 ug/hr
total PCDD, and 3110 ug/hr total PCDF. The distributions of the individual
dioxin and furan homoTogues at the afterburner inlet were similar to that at
the afterburner outlet. Comparison of the afterburner inlet and outlet
dioxin/furan concentrations and emission rates indicated that the afterburner
was very effective controlling dioxin/furan emissions. .
Detectable quantities of all targeted dioxins and furans except 2378-TCDD
were found in the ambient air samples taken near the exit of the furnace. The
measured concentrations of total PCDD and total PCDF in the ambient air were
0.39 ng/dscm and 5.3 ng/dscm, respectively. Valid results were not obtained
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TABLE 2-2. SUMMARY OF MEAN DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE DBR-A
PARAMETER
2378 TCDD
TOTAL PCDD
TOTAL PCDF
Afterburner Outlet Stack
Emissions Concentration fno/dscm)
As-measured 0.022
Corrected to 3% 02 0.052
Emissions Rate fuo/hr) 0.250
2.10
4.98
23.8
11.3
27.0
129
Afterburner Inlet Stack
EmissionsConcentration fng/dscm)
As-measured 3.5
Corrected to 3% Og 16.4
Emissions Rate (ug/hr) 25.0
158
687
1050
466
2170
3110
2-6
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for the dioxin/furan analyses of the furnace outlet ash samples because of
inadequate GG/MS resolution and sensitivity for these samples. Analysis of
furnace inlet ash samples, however, detected all the species analyzed for
except the 2378-TCDD isomer and the penta-CDD homologue. Small quantities of
chlorobenzenes were detected in the drum residues (33 ppm), but
polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorophenols were not detected. Total organic
halide (TOX) analysis of a composite sample of drum residues indicated
potential for the presence of significant quantities of TOX in the furnace
feed. Dioxin/furan analyses of drum residues from Runs 01 and 02 detected
small amounts of hexa-CDD, hepta-CDD, and octa-CDD homologues as well as small
amounts of TCDF, hepta-CDF, and octa-CDF. According to plant personnel, the
drum furnace and afterburner were operated under conditions representative of
normal operation during the sampling periods. There were no unusual process
upsets in the furnace or afterburner operation during the test periods. Drum
feed rates during the test periods averaged 118 drums/hr. The furnace
temperature averaged 588°C (1090°F), and the afterburner temperature averaged
827°C (1521°F).
Average flue gas concentrations measured in the exhaust stack breeching
by the Radian continuous emissions monitoring system were 02, 13.5 vol %; C02,
11.8 vol %; CO, 234 ppmv; THC, 5.6 ppmv as propane; SO- 18.9 ppmv; and NOX,
132 ppmv. Total chloride emissions concentrations measured using the HC1
train at the exhaust gas stack were 39 mg/dscm (as-measured), and the total
HC1 emission rate was 472 g/hr.
The composite soil sample obtained at Site DBR-A has been archived by
Radian/RTP.
2-7
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3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
This section describes the host site and the drum burning furnace/after-
burner system tested. Data summarizing the operation of the furnace/after-
burner system during the test periods are presented in Section 5.0.
3.1 HOST SITE DESCRIPTION
The host site is a typical steel drum reconditioning facility that uses
the burning process to aid in cleaning used drums. This facility operates one
drum burning furnace which typically processes about 1000 open-top drums per
day.
3.2 BURNING PROCESS AND FURNACE DESCRIPTION
The drum burning process used at site DBR-A is believed to be a typical
example of the drum reclaiming industry. The drum burning process subjects
used drums to an elevated temperature in a tunnel furnace for a sufficient
time so that the paint, interior linings, and residues of previous contents
are burned or charred so that subsequent shotblasting will clean the drum to
bare metal. The process is shown schematically in Figure 3-1.
The burning furnace at Site DBR-A is an ECO Model 100 that was installed
in 1974. The furnace is equipped with 12 natural gas-fired burners, with six
burners on each side of the furnace. The maximum heat input capacity is 6.25
million Btu/hr, but the furnace typically operates with about 4 million Btu/hr
heat input. -The primary chamber temperature is maintained at about 1000°F.
The dirty drums are loaded onto a conveyor that moves at a fixed speed.
Before entering the furnace, any free contents in the drums are drained into
collection barrels. As the drums pass through the preheat and ignition zone
of the furnace, additional contents of the drums drain into the furnace ash
trough. A drag conveyor moves these sludges and ashes through the furnace to
a collection pit. The drums are air cooled as they exit the furnace.
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3.3 DRUM CONTENTS
The drums processed at the facility come from a variety of sources.
During the testing periods, two different types of drums were processed. The
first type, burned during the first half of each test run, were tight head
drums with the tops removed. These drums contained mainly lacquer and organic
solvents. The second type, burned during the second half of each test run,
were open-head drums containing inks, enamel-type paints, and other material.
Plant personnel indicated that no herbicide product drums were processed here;
however, some herbicide product drums were observed being processed during the
testing period. In addition, empty drums on site were observed to have
hazardous waste labels. The facility does not accept drums for processing
that contain more residues than allowed by RCRA regulations (i.e., more than
one inch of material remaining in the bottom of the drum). A listing of the
labeled contents in each of the drums is contained in Appendix B.
3.4 AFTERBURNER DESCRIPTION
Exhaust gases from the burning furnace are drawn through a breeching and
fan to the afterburner. The afterburner is fitted with two natural gas-fired
burners with a total heat rating of 3.38 million Btu/hr. The afterburner
temperature is set at 1450°F, but occasionally operates at 1500° to 1600°F.
Gases leaving the afterburner flow through a refractory-lined stack to the
atmosphere.
3-3
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4.0 TEST DESCRIPTION
This section summarizes the field sampling and analytical measurements
that were performed at Site DBR-A. The purpose of this section is to provide
sufficient descriptive information about the test so that the test data
presented in Section 5.0 can be easily understood. Specific testing details
such as specific sampling locations and procedures are presented in
Section 6.0.
This section is divided into two parts. Section 4.1 summarizes field
sampling activities and Section 4.3 summarizes analytical activities performed
during the test program.
4.1 FIELD SAMPLING
Table 4-1 shows the source sampling and analysis matrix for Site 11.
Three dioxin/furan emissions test (Runs 01, 02, 03) were performed at the
afterburner outlet exhaust stack and incinerator outlet exhaust duct. These
sampling locations are shown as points A and G in Figure 4-1, respectively.
Also, ambient air sampling for dioxin/furans was performed in the near
vicinity of the incinerator exit. The sampler was located within the visible
plume of the incinerator which made this more of a process fugitive sample
than an ambient air sample. Dioxin/furan sampling in general followed the
Modified Method 5 (MM5) sampling protocol developed by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for measuring emissions of chlorinated organic
compounds. Two modifications of the sampling protocol that were adopted are
described in-Section 6. During each test run, at least 240 minutes of on-line
sampling were performed with the MM5 trains.
Concentrations of HC1 in the flue gas were determined for each test day
at the afterburner outlet exhaust stack using another modification of EPA
Method 5 (MM5/HC1). Continuous emission monitoring (CEM) of CL, CO, CO-, NO ,
and total hydrocarbons (THC) was performed at the afterburner outlet during
each of the test runs.
4-1
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j
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Three types of process samples were taken during the MM5 test periods:
feed samples, inlet bottom ash and outlet bottom ash. Samples of the feed
were obtained by taking a ladle full of material from every tenth drum fed to
the furnace and compositing this in a steel container. Bottom ash samples
were collected at the furnace inlet and outlet each hour. These samples were
composited separately.
Soil samples were collected from ten locations at the plant site. The
ten samples were combined into a single composite, which has been archived by
Radian/RTP.
4.2 PROCESS DATA COLLECTION
Process data were collected to characterize the operation of the drum
reconditioning furnace and the afterburner during the MM5 test periods.
Table 4-2 shows the type of data that were collected during the sampling.
4.3 LABORATORY ANALYSES
Laboratory analyses performed on samples from Site DBR-A included
dioxin/furan^ialyses, dioxin/furan precursor analyses, and total chloride
analyses. These analyses are discussed in Sections 4.3.1, 4.3.2, and 4.3.3,
respectively.
4.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
All dioxin/furan analyses for Site DBR-A samples were performed by two of
three EPA laboratories collectively referred to as Troika. The two Troika
laboratories are ECL-Bay St. Louis and EMSL-Research Triangle Park.
Field samples requiring dioxin/furan analysis were prioritized based on
their relative importance to the Tier 4 program objectives. The priority
levels, in order of decreasing importance, were designated Priority 1 through
Priority 3.
Priority 1 samples were sent to Troika with instructions to perform
immediate extraction and analysis. These included the MM5 train components,
the MM5 field train blanks, ambient air samples, field solvent blanks, and the
furnace outlet bottom ash samples.
Priority 2 samples were sent to Radian/RTP for archiving. These samples
may be analyzed for dioxin/furan in the future, pending the results of the
4-5
-------
TABLE 4-2. PROCESS MONITORING DATA OBTAINED AT SITE DBR-A
Parameter
Frequency of Data
Collection Procedure
Feed Data
Total Drums
Burned
Drum Source
and Contents
Temperatures
Primary Chamber
Afterburner
Miscellaneous
Drum Conveyor
Speed
Number of
Burners in Use
Natural Gas Used
Per test run, per
test day
Per test run
Each 30 minutes
Each 30 minutes
Each test run
Each test run
Each test run
Observation/stopwatch
Plant record
Plant records and
observations
Thermocouple
Thermocouple
Plant record
Observation
Plant meter
4-6
-------
Priority 1 analyses. Priority 2 samples at Site DBR-A include the feed
samples and drum coating samples.
The only Priority 3 sample taken was the composite soil sample. The soil
sample is also being held by Radian/RTP pending evaluation of the Priority 1
and 2 analyses. •
4.3.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analyses
Dioxin/furan precursor analyses of furnace feed samples were performed by
Radian/RTP. The specific dioxin/furan precursors analyzed for included
chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, PCB's and total chlorine.
4.3.3 Total Chloride Analysis
Total chloride analysis was performed on front-half and back-half HC1
train samples. Also analyzed for total chlorides were the drum residues and
drum coatings samples.
4-7-
-------
-------
5.0 TEST RESULTS
The results of the Tier 4 dioxin/furan emissions test of Incinerator
DBR-A are presented in this section. The daily individual test runs are
designated as Runs 01 through 03.
Process data obtained during the test runs are presented in Section 5.1,
and flue gas parameter data are presented in Section 5.2. The continuous
emission monitoring results for 02, CO, C02, NOX, S02, and THC are presented
in Section 5.3. The dioxin/furan emissions data for the MM5 sampling are
contained in Section 5.4. Results of the HC1 train sampling at the
afterburner outlet exhaust stack are presented in Section 5.5. Dioxin/furan
precursor analysis data for the drum residues and drum coating samples are
presented in Section 5.6. The results of the dioxin/furan analyses of the
furnace ash samples and ambient XAD train samples are presented in
Sections 5.7 and 5.8, respectively.
5.1 PROCESS DATA
Process data were obtained to document Incinerator DBR-A and afterburner
operation during the test runs. In general, the process data indicate that
process operations were stable during each of the three test runs. Also, the
process data indicate that process operations were similar for each test run.
Thus, between-run comparisons are reasonable.
Mean values for the incinerator and afterburner operating parameters for
the three test runs are shown in Table 5-1. The mean values for the three
test runs are also averaged for a mean value for the entire three day test
period. The individual data points are contained in Appendix B.
The average incinerator firebox temperature was 588°C (1,090°F) during
the three day test period; the firebox temperature generally averaged about
538°C (1,000°F). The daily averages varied about 6 percent from the test
period average. Thus, the incinerator was operating at a typical firebox
temperature.
5-1
-------
Table 5-1. Incinerator DBR-A Operating Data
Parameter
Incinerator Temperature (°F)
Afterburner Temperature (°F)
Afterburner Firing Rate (MMBTU/hr)a
Drum Feed Rate (Drums/hr)
Run 1
1150
1560
6.6
115
Run 2
1030
1480
7.2
110
Run 3
1080
1530
6.8
130
Average
1090
1520
6.9
118
Based on a natural gas heat content of 1,000 BTU/scf, and differences between
meter readings.
5-2
-------
According to plant personnel, the afterburner generally operates from
760 to 871°C (1,400 to 1,600°F). During the three day test period, the
average afterburner temperature was 827°C (1,520°F). The daily averages
varied about 3 percent from the test period average. Thus, the afterburner
was operating at a typical temperature.
The natural gas firing rate of the afterburner was calculated from the
gas meter readings. During the three day test period, the average afterburner
firing rate was 6.9 million Btu/hr. However, this firing rate is twice the
design capacities of the burners and may be overstated. The natural gas
firing rate for the afterburner was not directly measured but was derived from
differences between meter readings.
The drums were fed to the incinerator at an average rate of 120 drums/hr
during the three day test period. The daily drum feed rate varied about 8
percent from the test period average. The incinerator typically processes
about 1,000 drums over an eight-hour period.
5.2 FLUE GAS PARAMETER DATA
5.2.1 Afterburner Inlet Location
Table 5-2 summarizes flue gas temperature, moisture, volumetric flow
rate, and oxygen concentration data measured at the afterburner inlet location
at Site DBR-A. These parameters were consistent between test runs. The
average flue gas temperature and moisture content measured at the afterburner
inlet location were 683°C (1261°F) and 10.7 vol% respectively. The average
gas flow rate under actual stack temperature and moisture conditions was 429
acmm (15,100 acfm), and the average dry, standard flow rate was 115 dscmm
(4,060 dscfm). Standard EPA conditions are 20°C (68°F) and 1 atm.
Flue gas oxygen concentration data at the afterburner inlet were obtained
using integrated bag samples (EPA Method 3). The average measured 02
concentration at this location was 17.2 vol%. The Method 3 data are used in
subsequent sections of this report when normalizing as-measured afterburner
inlet gas concentration of other species (e.g., dioxin, furan, CO, THC, etc.)
to a reference oxygen 1 eve!.
5-3
-------
TABLE 5-2. FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE DBR-Aa
(AFTERBURNER INLET LOCATION)
Flue Gas Parameters
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (vol. %)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Oxvaen Content (vol . %)
EPA Method 3
Run 01
712
11.2
433
112
15.9
Run 02
634
9.3
451
129
18.0
Run 03
702
11.6
404
105
17.6
Average
683
10.7
429
115
17.2
Metric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data.
To convert to alternate units: F » 1.8 x C + 32
cfm - cmm x 35.3
5-4
-------
51.2.2 Afterburner Outlet Location
Table 5-3 summarizes flue gas temperature, moisture, volumetric flow
rate, and oxygen concentration data measured at the afterburner outlet stack
at Site DBR-A. These parameters were consistent between test runs. The
average flue gas temperature and moisture content measured at the exhaust
stack location were 684°C (1263°F) and 9.7 vol %, respectively. The average
exhaust gas flow rate under actual stack temperature and moisture conditions
was 712 acmm (25,100 acfm), and the average dry, standard flow rate was
193 dscmm (6,800 dscfm). Standard EPA conditions are 20°C (68°F) and 1 atm.
Flue gas oxygen concentration data at the afterburner outlet were
obtained from the Radian CEM system. The average 02 concentrations of the
flue gas was 13.5 vol%. The Radian CEM data will be used in subsequent
sections of this report when normalizing as-measured afterburner outlet
exhaust gas concentrations of other species (e.g., dioxin, furan, CO, THC,
etc.) to a reference oxygen level.
5.3 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA
Mean values and standard deviations of the continuously monitored
combustion gases at the afterburner outlet location (02, CO, C02, S02> NOX,
and THC) are shown for each test run in Table 5-4. The overall mean values
for the three test runs are as follows: oxygen, 13.5 percent by volume (dry);
carbon monoxide, 234 ppmv (dry at 3 percent 02); carbon dioxide, 11.8 percent
by volume (dry at 3 percent 02); nitrogen oxides, 132.0 ppmv (dry at 3 percent
02; sulfur dioxide, 18.9 ppmv (dry at 3 percent 02); and total hydrocarbons,
5.6 ppmv (wet at 3 percent 02, as propane). The combustion gas results have
been adjusted to 3 percent oxygen reference basis for comparison with other
combustion sources in the Tier 4 program.
The mean oxygen, carbon dioxide^ and nitrogen oxide concentrations showed
little between-run variability. The maximum deviation between the mean
concentration for any run and the overall mean value for all runs was less
than 3 percent for these combustion gases. The mean carbon monoxide and
sulfur dioxide concentrations showed some variability between runs with a
maximum variability of less than 30 percent between the mean concentration for
5-5
-------
TABLE 5-3. FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE DBR-Aa
(AFTERBURNER OUTLET LOCATION)
Flue Gas Parameters
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (vol. %)
Vol umetri c FT ow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Run 01
702
9.0
672
180
Run 02
673
9.5
718
197
Run 03
667
10.5
747
201
Average
684
9.7
712
193
Oxvoen Content f vol.
Radian CEM
13.2
13.9
13.4
13.5
Metric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data.
To convert to alternate units: F - 1.8 x C + 32
cfm - cmm x 35.3
5-6
-------
TABLE 5-4. MEAN VALUES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF CONTINUOUSLY
MONITORED COMBUSTION GASES AT THE AFTERBURNER OUTLET
EXHAUST STACK AT SITE DBR-A
Parameter
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
02 (% vol)
Mean
Standard Deviation
CO (ppmv @ 3% 02)
Mean
Standard Deviation
C02 (% vol @ 3% 02)
Mean
Standard Deviation
S02 (ppmv @ 3% 02)
Mean
Standard Deviation
NOV (ppmv (3 3% 09)
x Mean c
Standard Deviation
THC (ppmv @ 3% 02)b
Mean
Standard Deviation
13.2
0.8
262
137
11.7
0.7
21.9
25.9
133
26.1
2.4
1.3
13.9
1.4
266
210
11.9
0.8
21.4
20.2
131
31.6
7.5
14.1
13.4
1.2
175
143
11.8
0.7
13.4
8.3
131
39.0
6.8
18.4
13.5
234
11.8
18.9
132
5.6
aAll concentrations expressed on a dry volume basis except for total
hydrocarbon concentrations, which are expressed on a wet volume basis.
Total hydrocarbon data are expressed in units of ppmv (wet) as propane.
5-7
-------
any run and the overall mean value for all runs. The total hydrocarbon
concentrations had some variability, but were at low concentrations so that
the variation was not significant. Also, the data did not show the expected
positive relationship between carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbon
concentrations.
Five-minute average values of the continuously monitored combustion gases
are tabulated in Appendix C and are shown graphically as functions of time in
Figures 5-1 through 5-6. Time periods for which data were not available due
to instrument malfunctions are represented in Figures 5-1 through 5-6 by
straight lines with no individual 5-minute data point symbols (e.g., Run 03
oxygen profile in Figure 5-1 from t = 2 hours to t=* 4 hours).
5.4 DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
As discussed in Section 4, dioxin/furan sampling was conducted at two
locations at Site DBR-A, the afterburner inlet duct (drum furnace outlet duct)
and the afterburner outlet stack. Emissions data for the afterburner inlet
location and the afterburner outlet stack location are discussed in Section
5.4.1 and 5.4.2, respectively. The combined results are presented in
Section 5.4.3.
5.4.1 Afterburner Inlet
Emissions concentration and emissions rate data measured at the
afterburner inlet sampling location are shown in Tables 5-5 and 5-6 for the
2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF species. The data include dioxin and
furan captured by the entire MM5 train, including the filter, XAD sorbent
trap, impingers and sample train clean-up rinses.
Average .as-measured emissions concentrations of the 2378-TCDD, total PCDD
and PCDF species were 3.5 ng/dscm 2378-TCDD, 158 ng/dscm total PCDD and 466
ng/dscm total PCDF. When corrected to 3% 02 using the Radian CEM oxygen
concentration data, these values correspond to 16.4 ng/dscm @ 3% 02, 687
ng/dscm @ 3% 02, and 2170 ng/dscm @ 3% 02, respectively. Average emission
rates for the three species were 24.2 ug/hr 2378-TCDD, 1050 ug/hr total PCDD,
and 3110 ug/hr total PCDF. Emissions of 2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF
were fairly consistent between runs given the sampling and analysis
5.-3
-------
SITE 1 1 - TEST 1
OXYOZN
!••
17
16 •
13
14
13
ia
11
10
«
a
7
•
3
TOT TIMC
i
3
SITE 1 1 - TEST 2
OXYOO4
TOT T1MC
SITE 1 1 - TEST 3
OXTOEN PROFILE
TIMC (MOUWS)
Figure 5-1. Oxygen Concentration History at Afterburner Outlet
Exhaust Stack
5-9
-------
SITE 11 - TEST 1
SITE 1 1 - TEST 2
MONOXIOC
-------
SITE-11 - TEST
CIH»OII OK9MOC I
1C
1«
17
10
TEST TIM* (nouns)
SITE 1 1 - TEST
CaRBON OIOXICE I
s
$3
*
TEST TIME (MOuna)
SITE 1 1 - TEST 3
i oioxice
19 •
10
17
18
13
14
13
13
11
10
9
a
•f
8
s
Tt3T T1MC
-------
SITE 11 - TEST 1
I '3°-
a i4o-
i !£•
ao-
80-
a 70-
5 to-
§ 40"
. j\^l i ^ ^ ;
— ~fi4 3y
•• T*
o i * •
TOT TIMC 13°-
J 110-
§ 30-
8 *o-
! T
n %t I
"~~~ !^f — A^^t ^|
~" JT ft I
nTt "AJlJ1 / — r-
\ij\^^f — 'ary^ ^-t 5 — •
1 r f T*
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TOT TIMC (MOUItS)
SITE 1 1 - TEST 3
oxcea or NITMOOCN PNOPILC
•ft i*n
g 2*°-
S aao-
• 30°-
1
<7
| 14°-
2 ..
5 100-
*o •
20-
o
.
-
/V^ r^x^ a
T I ">• ^^ ^ •
t / ^V. / ^
1 f ^^ ^^« J/
IR / ^"^ ^Ai '
uHr j^w^1
• TIMC (nouns)
Figure 5-4. Oxides of Nitrogen Concentration History at
Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack
5-12
-------
SITE 1 1 - TEST 1
7OTM. HVCMOCMIK3M MO*1b«
8
S
i
I
S
VV
9
3
«
5
1
5
8
M
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^n"L
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TOT TIMC (MOUftS)
SITE 1 1 - TEST 2
TOTAL rivo*ocA*«o* pwonue
J
.^1
*
1
1
« J^ i Lsn-
o a * »
TOT TIMC (nOUAft)
SITE 1 1 - TEST 3
TOTAJ. HroMOCAnaoN pnonue
so-
so
7O
80
S3
40
3O
30
10
^r
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I
•
— *<^_-^- — ^W^LJ^U-
TST TIMC
Figure 5-5. Total Hydrocarbon History at Afterburner Outlet
Exhaust Stack
5-13
-------
SITE 11 - TEST 1
suureit OKSXIOC prterite
8
ft
I
forr TIMC
SITE 1 1 - TEST 2
SULFUR OIOXIQE PROFILE
,-w
55
•
1
1
G^
^1
1
\
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.» i2 1« 3 3-*
TOT T1MC
-------
TABLE 5-5. OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATION DATA
AT THE AFTERBURNER INLET FOR SITE DBR-A
Run Number
Emissions Concentration, nq/dscm
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
nq/dscm (as-measured)
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
5.0
3.1
2.5
3.5
269
33
173
158
595
202
602
466
no/dscm @ 3% 0,
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
17.6
18.4
13.2
16.4
949
199
914
687
2100
1210
3190
2167
Flue gas concentration data corrected to 3% 0
CEM data in Table 5-3.
using the average Radian
5.-15
-------
TABLE 5-6. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN DATA FOR THE
AFTERBURNER INLET AT SITE DBR-A
Run Number
Dloxin/Furan Emission Rate, uq/hr
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
33.4
23.7
15.6
24.2
1800
257
1080
1050
4000
1560
3770
3110
5-16
-------
variability. However, emissions from Run 02 were consistently lower than
emissions from Run 01 or Run 03 for all species of concern except 2378-TCDD.
The type of drums fed to the furnace generally included a combination of
deheaded tight head drums and open head drums; however, Run 02 consisted
almost entirely of open head drums.
Isomer- and homo!ogue-specific emission concentration data are summarized
in Table 5-7 and 5-8 for the three test runs. Run-specific data tables
showing homologue emission concentrations in both ng/dscm and
part-per-trillion units and homologue emission rates in ug/hr units are
included in Appendix A. Detectable quantities of each targeted dioxin and
furan species were found in the flue gas samples.
Figure 5-7 is a histogram that shows the relative distributions of the
2378-TCDD/TCDF isomers and the tetra- through octa-PCDD/PCDF homologues in the
afterburner inlet flue gas stream (mole basis). The distribution of dioxin
species was relatively uniform among the various homologues. The 2378-TCDD
isomer accounted for 2 to 10 percent of the total dioxins analyzed for, which
corresponded to roughly 11 to 23 percent of the tetra-homologue total for
individual test runs. The contributions of the tetra- through
octa-chlorinated dioxin homologues to the total PCDD emissions were tetra,
8 to 35 percent; penta, 11 to 28 percent; hexa, 10 to 30 percent; hepta, 6 to
51 percent; and octa, 4 to 18 percent. The furan species were less uniformly
distributed than the dioxin species, with the tetra-chlorinated homologue
being the largest single contributor to the total PCDF emissions. The
contributions of the tetra- through octa-chlorinated furan homologues to the
total PCDF were tetra, 40 to 51 percent; penta 27 to 29 percent; hexa 5 to 14
percent; hepta, 1 to 19 percent; and octa, 0.04 to 6 percent.
Emissions factors for the various dioxin and furan homologues were
reasonably consistent between test runs. Emission factors based on the drum
feed rates are shown in Table 5-9. Average emission factors for 2378-TCDD,
total PCDD, and total PCDF were 0.2 ug 2378-TCDD emitted per drum; 8.8 ug
total PCDD emitted per drum; and 26.0 ug total PCDF emitted per drum. The
drum feed rate basis was chosen for the emission factors because the number
and type of drums fed to the furnace determine the amount of waste material
fed to the unit.
5-1-7
-------
TABLE 5-7. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN DATA AT THE AFTERBURNER INLET
FOR SITE DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
4.98E+00
1.72E+01
2.60E+01
2.53E+01
1.42E+02
5.29E+01
2.69E+02
1.44E+01
1.94E+02
1.69E+02
4.34E+01
1.32E+02
4.26E+01
5.95E+02
3.06E+00
1.05E+01
9.15E+00
5.94E+00
2.47E+00
2.07E+00
3.32E+01
1.16E+01
1.15E+02
5.86E+01
1.08E+01
4.49E+00
1.04E+00
2.02E+02
2.49E+00
2.06E+01
3.11E+01
5.36E+01
5.32E+01
1.16E+01
1.73E+02
1.26E+01
2.67E+02
1.67E+02
9.15E+01
5.18E+01
1.23E+01
6.02E+02
3.51E+00
1.61E+01
2.21E+01
2.83E+01
6.60E+01
2.22E+01
1.58E+02
1.29E+01 "
1.92E+02
1.31E+02
4.86E+01
6.28E+01
1.86E+01
4.66E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng - 1.0E-09g
5-18
-------
TABLE 5-8. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN DATA AT THE
AFTERBURNER INLET FOR SITE DBR-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.76E+01
6.07E+01
9.19E+01
8.94E+01
5.03E+02
1.87E+02
9.49E+02
5.09E+01
6.85E+02
5.95E+02
1.53E+02
4.66E+02
1.50E+02
2.10E+03
1.84E+01
6.30E+01
5.49E+01
3.57E+01
1.48E+01
1.24E+01
, 1.99E+02
6.98E+01
6.92E+02
3.51E+02
6.47E+01
2.70E+01
6.22E+00
1.21E+03
1.32E+01
1.09E+02
1.65E+02
2.84E+02
2.81E+02
6.15E+01
9.14E+02
6.68E+01
1.41E+03
8.84E+02
4.85E+02
2.74E+02
6.49E+01
3.19E+03
1.64E+01
7.76E+01
1.04E+02
1.36E+02
2.66E+02
8.69E+01
6.87E+02
6.25E+01
9.30E+02
6.10E+02
2.34E+02
2.56E+02
7.38E+01
2.17E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng = 1.0E-09g
5-19
-------
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
DBl-A
0.9-
O.8-
0.7-
0.0-
0.3-
0.4-
0.2-
0.1 -
PCDD = 570 ng/dscm at 3 % O2
•J1L V/
i
» j
\m
%
I
9
1
1
1
!
JL
2378 TCOO Othw TCOO P«nta-COD Hwca-CDD H«pta-CDD Octa-COD
r^-r» DIOXIN HOMOLQGUES_
ITTTl Run 01 6^1 Run O2 PCfl Run O3
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
OBJ-A
0.9-
0.8-
0.7-
1 0.8-
y
1 o.s-
2 0.4-
a
OU5-
0.2-
0.1 -
PCDF = 2040 ng/dscm at 3%O2
-T^r,
"jr
^
\
W
W
f
i
^
^
1
1
/S2|5?|
||1 ^ |_^ ra _
2378 TCDF Othw TCOF P«nta-CDF H«xa-CDF H«pta-COF Oeta-CDF
FURAN HOMOLOCUES
RUN 01 P%jT RUN 02 1^X1 RUN 03
Figure, 5-7. Dioxin/furan homologue distributions for the afterburner
inlet stack emissions for Site DBR-A.
5-20
-------
TABLE 5-9. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS AT THE
AFTERBURNER INLET FOR SITE DBR-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/drum)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ug =• 1.0E-06g
NOTE: Emission
2.90E-01
l.OOE+00
1.52E+00 .
1.48E+00
8.31E+00
3.09E+00
1.57E+01
8.42E-01
1.13E+01
9.85E+00
2.53E+00
7.71E+00
2.48E+00
3.48E+01
factors are expressed
2.15E-01
7.39E-01
6.43E-01
4.18E-01
1.73E-01
1.46E-01
2.33E+00
8.18E-01
8.11E+00
4.12E+00
7.58E-01
3.16E-01
7.29E-02
1.42E+01
as ug emitted
1.20E-01
9.92E-01
1.50E+00
2.59E+00
2.56E+00
5.61E-01
8.32E+00
6.09E-01
1.29E+01
8.06E+00
4.41E+00
2.50E+00
5.91E-01
2.90E+01
per drum fed to
2.09E-01
9.12E-01
1.22E+00
1.49E+00
3.68E+00
1.26E+00
8.78E+00
7.56E-01
1.08E+01
7.34E+00
2.57E+00
3.51E+00
1.05E+00
2.60E+01
the furnace.
Data are corrected to 3% 0
'2*
5-21
-------
5.4.2 Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack
Emissions concentration and emissions rate data measured at the exhaust
stack sampling location are shown in Table 5-10 and 5-11 for the 2378-TCDD
isomer, total PCDD, and total PCDF species. The data include dioxin and furan
captured by the entire MM5 train, including the filter, XAD sorbent trap,
impingers and sample train clean-up rinses.
Average as-measured emissions concentrations of the 2378-TCDD, total PCDD
and PCDF species were 0.022 ng/dscm 2378-TCDD, 2.10 ng/dscm total PCDD, and
11.3 ng/dscm total PCDF. When corrected to 3 percent Oy using the Radian CEM
oxygen concentration data, these values correspond to 0.052 ng/dscm @ 3% 02,
4.98 ng/dscm @ 3% 02, and 27.0 ng/dscm @ 3% 02, respectively. Average
emission rates for the three species were 0.250 ug/hr 2378-TCDD, 23.8 ug/hr
total PCDD, and 129 ug/hr total PCDF. Emissions of 2378-TCDD, total PCDD, and
total PCDF were fairly consistent between runs given the sampling and analysis
variability. However, emissions from Run 01 were consistently higher than
those from Runs 02 and 03 for all species of concern. During Run 01, stack
and drum furnace temperatures were higher than during the other two runs.
The drum feed rate was similar for all three runs. The type of drums fed to
the furnace generally included a combination of deheaded tight head drums and
open head drums. However, Run 02, which had the lowest 2378-TCDD and total
PCDD emissions of the three runs, consisted almost entirely of open head
drums.
Isomer- and homologue-specific emission concentration data for the
afterburner outlet stack are summarized in Tables 5-12 and 5-13 for the three
test runs. Run-specific data tables showing homologue emission concentrations
in both ng/dscm and part-per-trillion units and homologue emission rates in
ug/hr units are included in Appendix A. Detectable quantities of each
targeted dioxin and furan species were found in the flue gas samples.
Figure 5-8 is a histogram that shows the relative distributions of the
2378-TCDD/TCDF isomers and the tetra- through octa-PCDD/PCDF homologues in the
exhaust stack emissions (mole basis). The distribution of dioxin species was
relatively uniform among the various homologues. The 2378-TCDD isomer
accounted for 1 to 4 percent of the total dioxins analyzed for, which
corresponded to roughly 10 to 20 percent of the tetra-homologue total for
S-.22
-------
TABLE 5-10.
OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS CONCENTRATION
DATA FOR SITE DBR-A (AFTERBURNER OUTLET LOCATION)
Run Number
Emissions Concentration, nq/dscm
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
nq/dscm (as-measured)
Run 01 0.029
Run 02 0.011
Run 03 0.026
Average 0.022
3.51
1.24
1.56
2.10
16.1
9.6
8.2
11.3
nq/dscro @ 3% 0,
1
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
0.066
0.028
0.061
0.052
8.11
3.14
3.69
4.98
37.3
24.3
19.4
27.0
*Flue gas concentration data corrected to 3% 09 using the average Radian
CEM data in Table 5-4. z
5-23
-------
TABLE 5-11. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION RATE DATA
FOR SITE DBR-A (AFTERBURNER OUTLET LOCATION)
Run Number
Dloxin/Furan Emission Rate, uq/hr
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
0.309
0.130
0.311
0.250
38.0
14.6
18.8
23.8
174
113
98.8
129
5-24
-------
TABLE 5-12.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT
THE AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK FOR SITE DBR-A
(As-Measured Concentrations)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.86E-02
6.86E-01
6.29E-01
5.71E-01
1.03E+00
5.71E-01
3.51E+00
6.86E-01
7.23E+00
4.26E+00
2.11E+00
1.46E+00
4.00E-01
1.61E+01
1.10E-02
3.47E-01
1.10E-01
1.65E-01
3.03E-01
3.03E-01
1.24E+00
2.20E-01
5.96E+00
1.79E+00
8.82E-01
5.79E-01
1.65E-01
9.60E+00
2.58E-02
4.64E-01
1.80E-01
2.71E-01
3.35E-01
2.84E-01
1.56E+00
2.32E-01
4.74E+00
1.79E+00
7.86E-01
5.15E-01
1.29E-01
8.20E+00
2.18E-02
4.99E-01
3.06E-01
3.36E-01
5.56E-01
3.86E-01
2.10E+00
3.79E-01
5.98E+00
2.61E+00
1.26E+00
8.50E-01
* 2.31E-01
1.13E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng - 1.0E-09g
5-25
-------
TABLE 5-13.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA AT
THE AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK FOR SITE DBR-A
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
D1oxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
NOTE: Isomer" concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NO - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng - 1.0E-09g
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
6.59E-02
1.58E+00
1.45E+00
1.32E+00
2.37E+00
1.32E+00
8.11E+00
1.58E+00
1.67E+01
9.82E+00
4.88E+00
3.36E+00
9.23E-01
3.73E+01
2.79E-02
8.80E-01
2.79E-01
4.19E-01
7.68E-01
7.68E-01
3.14E+00
5.59E-01
1.51E+01
4.54E+00
2.23E+00
1.47E+00
4.19E-01
2.43E+01
6.10E-02
1.10E+00
4.27E-01
6.41E-01
7.94E-01
6.71E-01
3.69E+00
5.49E-01
1.12E+01
4.24E+00
1.86E+00
K22E+00
3.05E-01
1.94E+01
5.16E-02
1.19E+00
7.19E-01
7.93E-01
1.31E+00
. 9.19E-01
4.98E+00
*
8.97E-01
1.43E+01
6.20E+00
2.99E+00
2.02E+00
5.49E-01
2.70E+01
B--26
-------
DIOX1N HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
1 -
O.9 -
0.8 -
0.7 -
g 0.8-
1 0.3-
y
0 0.4 -
0.3 -
0.2 -
0.1 -
o .
PCDD
I
, . i m '
= 5.0 ng/dscm at 3% O2
I
i
i
^ra £?bS ^1
ii 011 ^
11 111
2378 TCOO Othar TCOO Panto-COO Haxo-CDO Hapto-COO Oeto-CDO
' DIOX1N HOMOLOGUES
VTA RUN 01 VTft RUN 02 PPq RUN 03
FU^AN WOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
DBI-A
1 -
0.9 -
0.8 -
0.7-
° 0.6 -
1 0.3-
y
3 0.4-
0.3 -
0.2 -
0.1 -
a .
PCDF = 27.0 ng/dscm at 3% 0>2
-
i
I
i
•y/
I
-
\
I
^
^3 0ZZ& ~_
2378 TCOF Oth«r TCOF Penta-COF Hexa-CDF Hepta-COF Oeta-CDF
FURAN HOMOLOGUES^
RUN 01 g^l RUN 02 KS RUN 03
Figure 5-8.
Dioxin/furan homologue distributions for the afterburner
outlet stack emissions for Site DBR-A.
5-27
-------
individual test runs. The contributions of the tetra- through
octa-chlorinated dioxin homologues to the total PCDD emissions were: tetra,
13 to 16 percent; penta, 12 to 18 percent; hexa, 21 to 23 percent; hepta,
29 to 32 percent; and octa, 17 to 23 percent. The furan species were less
uniformly distributed than the dioxin species, with the tetra-chlorinated
homologue being the largest single contributor to the total PCDF emissions.
The contributions of the tetra- through octa-chlorinated furan homologues to
the total PCDF were: tetra, 45 to 52 percent; penta, 21 to 23 percent; hexa
7 to 13 percent; hepta, 5 to 9 percent; and octa, 4 to 6 percent.
Emission factors for the various dioxin and furan homologues at the
afterburner outlet stack were reasonably consistent between test runs.
Emission factors based on the drum feed rates are shown in Table 5-14.
Average emission factors for 2378-TCDD isomer, total PCDD, and total PCDF were
0.002 ug 2378-TCDD emitted per drum; 0.20 ug total PCDD emitted per kg drum;
and 1.10 ug total PCDF emitted per drum. The drum feed rate basis was chosen
for the emission factors because the number and type of drums fed to the
furnace determine the amount of waste material fed to the unit.
5.4.3 Reduction of Dioxin/Furan Concentrations Due to the Afterburner
The dioxin/furans which enter the afterburner along with the remaining
hydrocarbons are partially destroyed by further combustion. The dioxin/furan
removal efficiency of the afterburner was calculated from the difference
between the inlet and outlet mass emission rate of each dioxin/furan homologue
divided by the inlet mass emission rate of each homologue. Dioxin/furan
removal efficiencies for other control devices tested in the Tier 4 program
were calculated based'on flue gas concentrations corrected to a reference
oxygen level-(3 percent 02) because ambient air inleakage was the only reason
for differences between inlet and outlet gas flow rates at these sites.
However, only the mass emission rate, calculation basis is appropriate for Site
DBR-A because natural gas was fired in the control device.
Each mass emission rate value may have an analytical uncertainty of
± 50 percent. Analysis of the uncertainty of the control device efficiency
(contained in Appendix I) indicates that with a measured efficiency of greater
than 67 percent, the removal efficiency is most likely positive. With
measured efficiencies between 67 percent and -200 percent, a definite
5-28
-------
TABLE 5-14.
DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS FROM THE
AFTERBURNER STACK FOR SITE DBR-A
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/drum)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF -
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.68E-03
6.44E-02
5.90E-02
5.37E-02
9.66E-02
5.37E-02
3.30E-01
6.44E-02
6.79E-01
4.00E-01
1.99E-01
1.37E-01
3.76E-02
1.52E+00
1.18E-03
3.72E-02
1.18E-02
1.77E-02
3.25E-02
3.25E-02
1.33E-01
2.36E-02
6.40E-01
1.92E-01
9.46E-02
6.21E-02
1.77E-02
1.03E+00
2.39E-03
4.30E-02
1.67E-02
2.51E-02
3.11E-02
2.63E-02
1.45E-01
2.15E-02
4.40E-01
1.66E-01
7.29E-02
4.78E-02
1.19E-02
7.60E-01
2.09E-03
4.82E-02
2.92E-02
3.22E-02
5.34E-02
3.75E-02
2.03E-01
3.65E-02
5.86E-01
2.53E-01
1.22E-01
8.22E-02
2.24E-02
1 . 10E+00
ug = 1.0E-06g
NOTE: Emission factors are expressed as ug emitted per drum fed to the furnace.
5-29
-------
conclusion cannot be drawn concerning the true removal efficiency, and below
-200 percent the true removal efficiency is most likely negative.
The measured afterburner removal efficiencies for each dioxin/furan
homologue at Site DBR-A are summarized in Table 5-15. The average removal
efficiencies for all the homologues indicate positive true removal efficiency
for the afterburner.
5.5 HC1 TRAIN CHLORIDE EMISSIONS DATA
Table 5-15 summarizes HC1 train chloride emissions data measured at the
afterburner exhaust stack sampling location. The data are reported as
"front-half," "back-half," and "train-total" chloride emissions. The
front-half emissions represent chlorides captured in the probe rinse/filter
fraction of the HC1 train, which may include metal chlorides contained in the
particulate matter. The back-half emissions represent chlorides captured in
the HC1 sample train impingers, which would include HC1 and any metal
chlorides that pass through the sample train filter. The train-total
emissions represent the sum of the front-half and back-half emissions.
As shown in Table 5-16, the average as-measured train-total chloride
emissions concentration was approximately 39 mg/dscm (0.016 gr/dscf).
Corrected to 3 percent 02 using the Radian CEM data, this corresponds to
approximately 93 mg/dscm @ 3% 02 (0.04 gr/dscf @ 3% 02). The train-total
chloride mass emission rate from the afterburner exhaust stack was about 0.47
kg/hr (1.0 Ib/hr). The majority of the chloride emissions were found in the
back-half of the HC1 sample train, indicating very little particulate chloride
in the emissions.
5.6 DRUM FURNACE FEED SAMPLE ANALYSES
As discussed in Section 4.2, two furnace feed material categories were
sampled at Site DBR-A. These were drum coatings and drum residues. These
samples were analyzed for chlorinated benzenes, chlorinated biphenyls and
chlorinated phenols. In addition, a composite of the drum residue samples was
analyzed for total organic halide (TOX) and dioxin/furan homologues.
5-30
-------
TABLE 5-15. AFTERBURNER REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES AT SITE DBR-A
Afterburner Removal Efficiency, (%)
Homo! ogue
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other-TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDO
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
Run 1
99.1
93.4
96.1
96.4
98.8
98.3
97.9
92.4
94.0
95.9
92.1
98.2
98.5
95.6
Run 2
99.5
95.0
98.2
95.8
81.2
77.7
94.3
97.1
92.1
95.3
87.5
80.3
75.7
92.7
Run 3
98.0
95.7
98.9
99.0
98.8
95.3
98.3
96.5
96.6
97.9
98.3
98.1
98.0
97.4
Average
98.9
94.7
97.7
97.1
92.9
90.4
96.8
95.3
94.2
96.4
92.6
92.2
90.7
95.2
5-31
-------
TABLE 5-16. HC1 TRAIN CHLORIDE EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE DBR-A
Emissions Concentration
Sampl e
Component
Train Total
Front Half
Back Half
Test
Run
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
mg/dscm
64.7
28.0
25.3
39.3
0.30
0.20
0.00
0.17
64.4
27.8
25.3
39.2
ppmva
44.5
19.3
17.4
27.1
0.20
0.14
0.00
0.11
44.3
19.1
17.4
26.9
mg/dscmh
9 3% 02D
153
66.3
59.9
93.1
0.71
0.47
0.00
0.39
152
65.8
59.9
92.7
Emissions Rate
(kg/hr)
0.76
0.36
0.30
0.47
0.003
0.003
0.00
0.002
0.76
0.35
0.300
0.47
ppmv » parts per million chloride by volume, dry basis at actual stack
Oy concentration
'Concentration corrected to 3% 0- using the equation:
[CT~] 9 3% 02 =* [Cl~], as measured x (20.9 - 3)/(20.9 - % 02)
where: % 0,
oxygen concentration in stack gas as measured by the Radian
CEM system (See Table 5-3)
5-32
-------
Table 5-17 summarizes the results of the compound-specific precursor
analyses. The drum residue samples were found to contain small quantities of
chlorinated benzenes (33 ppm). Chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated phenols
were not detected. None of the precursor compounds analyzed for were found in
the drum coating samples.
A composite of the drum residue samples from Site DBR-A was analyzed
using the TOX procedures. The composite sample contained approximately 800
ppm total TOX. Thus, although the specific precursors analyzed for
(chlorobenzenes, chlorinated biphenyls and chlorophenols) were either not
detected or were found only in small quantities, there were significant
quantities of halogenated species present. This suggests that either 1) the
specific precursors analyzed for were present in the samples but were not
easily detected using the GC/MS procedure due to the complexity of the sample
matrix, or 2) halogenated species other than the specific precursors analyzed
for were present in the samples.
Drum residue samples from Runs 01 and 02 were analyzed for dioxin/furan
content by Troika. The results of these analyses are shown in Table 5-18.
Small amounts of the hexa-CDD, hepta-CDD, and octa-CDD homologues were
detected as well as small amounts of TCDF, hepta-CDF, and octa-CDF.
5.7 DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSIS OF FURNACE ASH SAMPLES
Samples of the drum furnace outlet ash and the inlet ash were analyzed
for dioxin/furan content by Troika. Some of these samples could not be
successfully analyzed due to some type of contamination which destroyed the
HR6C resolution and HRMS sensitivity. Results were obtained, however, for
most of the furnace inlet ash samples. In these samples, all species analyzed
for were detected except for the 2378-TCDD isomer and the penta-CDD homologue.
The reported values for all of the homologues are presented in Table 5-19.
Results of the analysis for a sample of bottom ash taken during a pre-survey
of the test site are also shown in Table 5-19.
5.8 AMBIENT XAD TRAIN DATA
Dioxin and furan concentration data for ambient air samples taken near
the drum furnace outlet are shown in Table 5-20. The sampler was located
5-33-
-------
TABLE 5-17. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN PRECURSOR DATA FOR SITE DBR-A FEED SAMPLES
Precursor Categories
Precursor Concentration, uq/q (ppm)
Drum Coatings Drum Residues
Total Chlorinated Benzenes
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls
Total Chlorinated Phenols
Total Organic Halide (TOX)
ND
ND
ND
NA
33
ND
ND
800
ND « not detected.
NA - not analyzed.
S-.34
-------
TABLE 5-18.
DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATION DATA FOR
SITE DBR-A DRUM RESIDUE SAMPLES
Isomer/Homologue
Concentration (ODD)
Run 01
Run 02
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
ND (0.01)
ND (0.02)
ND (0.04)
ND (0.05)
0.1
2.0
ND (0.04)
ND (0.07)
ND (0.06)
0.1
ND (0.07)
0.8
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
ND (0.02)
0.04
ND (0.07)
ND (0.05)
ND (0.08)
0.3
ND (0.05)
ND.(0.2)
ND (0.04)
ND (0.2)
0.05
ND (0.07)
ND - Not detected at specified minimum limit of detection,
5'-35
-------
TABLE 5-19. DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATION DATA FOR SITE DBR-A ASH SAMPLES
Concentration (nob)
Isomer/Homologui
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other-TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
TOTAL PCDD
Furans
3378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
TOTAL PCDF
e Furnace Inlet
01
a
0.2
a
a
a
a
0.2
a
2.6
a
a
a
a
2.6
Run
02
ND (0.03)
0.06
ND (0.6)
0.5
1.2
1.4
3.16
0.2
8.2
6.4
4.6
4.5
1.3
25.2
03
--
0.2
ND (0.03)
0.5
2.6
25.8
29.1
--
2.2
0.9
1.1
1.1
0.6
5.9
Furnace Outlet
01
a
0.6
a
a
a
a
0.6
a
6.4
a
a
a
a
6.4
Run
02
a
1.0
a
a
a
0.37
1.37
a
13.9
a
a
a
0.31
14.2
03
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Presurvey
Bottom Ash
b
0.07
0.02
b
b
b
0.09
b
0.7
0.02
b
b
b
0.09
The analytical results do not satisfy QA requirements.
Meaningful collection or analyses could not be obtained.
ND » Not detected at specified minimum limits of detection.
"--" means sample was not analyzed for this isomer.
5-36.
-------
TABLE 5-20. AMBIENT AIR DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATION DATA FOR SITE DBR-AC
Isomer/Homologue
Concentration
(ng/dscm)
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
ND
1.48 x 10
6.67 x 10
6.67 x 10
7.41 x 10
2.96 x 10
3.85 x 10
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-1
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
4.44 x 10
1.84 x 10C
6.59 x 10
4.15 x 10
2.3 x 10°
6.67 x 10
5.32 x 10(
-2
-1
-1
-2
Sampler was.located within visible plume of the incinerator making these
samples more like process fugitive samples.
5-37
-------
within the visible plume of the incinerator, making these samples more like
process fugitive samples than ambient air samples. Small but detectable
quantities were found of all species analyzed for except the 2378-TCDD isomer,
which was not detected. Measured ambient air concentrations of total PCDD and
total PCDF were 0.39 ng/dscm and 5.32 ng/dscm, respectively.
5.9 SOIL SAMPLING DATA
Dioxin/furan analyses have not yet been performed on the soil sample
obtained at Site DBR-A. The sample is being stored by Radian/RTP.
5-38
-------
6.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES
Samples were collected from seven different locations at Site DBR-A.
Three of the locations were for gaseous sampling, and four were for solids
sampling. The source sampling and analysis matrix in Table 4-1 lists the
sample locations, measured parameters, sampling methods, and analytical
methods used.
Details on the sampling locations and methods are discussed in Sections
6.1 through 6.3. Continuous monitoring procedures for CO, C02, 02, NOX, and
THC are included in Section 6.1.
6.1 ' GASEOUS SAMPLING
Four types of gaseous samples were taken during this test program:
Modified Method 5 (MM5), HC1, EPA Method 3, and continuous monitoring (CEM).
The sampling locations and methods are further discussed in this section.
6.1.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations
6.1.1.1 Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack
The afterburner outlet exhaust stack sampling location is shown as Point
A in Figure 4-1. This location was used for dioxin sampling using MM5 and HC1
sampling as described in Section 6.1.2 and also for CEM sampling. Gas
velocity, molecular weight, and moisture were determined using Methods 1-4.
The dimensions of the afterburner stack are shown in Figure 6-1. The
existing stack is 36 inches in diameter and the top of the stack is 29 feet
from ground level. The stack is refractory lined. In order to avoid damage
to the refractory lining, a temporary stack extension was added for testing
purposes. This extension was 36" diameter steel with no lining. The
extension was 8' long. The inside diameter of the stack extension was the
same as the stack inside dimension. .Two 4" diameter ports were provided on
the stack extension as shown in Figure 6-1. The ports were located so that
more than eight and two equivalent stack diameters of straight run are
available upstream and downstream, respectively. Eight traverse points were
required for sampling. A single 4" port was provided 2' 6" upstream of the
MM5 sampling ports for the CEM probe. The port was oriented at 45° to the MM5
ports so that the CEM probe would not distort the flow profiles for dioxin
-------
o
Cl
0
e
o
i
o
<8
43
O
a
2
a
e
e
a
CD
®f
xT
g§
S of"
e 0 - «
*• ui • -H
a >« ^
u.
-------
sampling. Radian was responsible for designing and fabricating the stack
extension and coordinating the installation of the extension with the host
facility.
6.1.1.2 Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct
A sample of the furnace flue gases was collected using a fixed-point MM5
train. A single 4-inch sampling port was added on the horizontal duct before
the induced draft fan (Location 6 on Figure 4-1). The samples collected were
analyzed for dioxin/furans.
6.1.2 Gas Sampling Procedures
Gas sampling procedures used during this program are discussed in detail
in the Tier 4 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). A summary of the gas
sampling methods used at Site DBR-A is given in Table 6-1, and a brief
description of each method is provided in the following sections.
6.1.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5)
Gas sampling for dioxins was conducted according to the October 1984
draft of the ASME chlorinated organic compound sampling protocol with two
exceptions. This sampling method is a modified version of EPA Method 5 that
includes a solid sorbent module for trapping vapor phase organics. The only
differences in the sampling protocol which were not discussed in the Tier 4
QAPP are:
1. Benzene was substituted for hexane or toluene as both the cleanup
and extractant solvent for both the MM5 filters and the XAD-2 resin.
This was due to a discrepancy between the draft ASME sampling
protocol and the draft ASME analytical protocol (November 16, 1985).
2. Methylene chloride was substituted for hexane as the final field
rinse solvent for the MM5 train. Methylene chloride was also
substituted for hexane in the glassware cleaning procedure. This
was caused by a high field blank train (February 27, 1985).
MM5 sampling-trains were used to collect samples at the afterburner
outlet exhaust stack and incinerator outlet exhaust duct. A total of three
MM5 test runs per location were conducted, with one test run being conducted
per test day. The MM5 samples at both locations were collected isokinetically
over approximately a 4 hour sampling period in order to provide minimum sample
6-3
-------
TABLE 6- 1. SUMMARY OF GAS SAMPLING METHODS FOR SITE DBR-A
Sample Location
Sample Type
or Parameter
Sample
Collection Method
Afterburner outlet
exhaust stack
Furnace outlet
exhaust duct
Dioxin
Volumetric flow
Molecular weight
Moisture
HC1
CO, CO,, 0-, NO , SO-,
and THC monitoring
Dioxin
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
HC1 train
Continuous monitoring
Fixed Point Modified
EPA Method 5
6-4
-------
volumes of approximately 3.4 dscm (120 dscf). The MM5 sampling rate was
targeted to be between 0.014 and 0.021 scmm (0.5 and 0.75 scfm). At the
incinerator outlet exhaust duct an average of 4.0 dscm (140 dscf) of gas was
sampled at an average rate of 0.017 scmm (0.6 scfm). At the afterburner
outlet exhaust stack an average of 3.68 dscm (130 dscf) of gas was sampled at
an average rate of 0.014 scmm (0.5 scfm).
Following sample recovery, the various parts of the sample (filter,
solvent rinses, sorbent trap, etc.) were sent to EPA's Troika laboratories,
ECL-BSL and EMSL-RTP, to quantify the 2378-TCDD isomer, tetra- through
octa-dioxin homologues, and tetra- through octa-furan homologues present in
the samples.
A schematic diagram of the MM5 sampling train is shown in Figure 6-2.
Flue gas is pulled from the stack through a nozzle and a glass probe. Due to
the high stack gas temperatures, a water cooled probe was used at this test
site. Particulate matter is removed from the gas stream by means of a glass
fiber filter housed in a Teflon-sealed glass filter holder maintained at
120 + 14°C (248 + 25°F). The gas passes through a sorbent trap similar to
that illustrated in Figure 6-3 for removal of organic constituents. The trap
consists of separate sections for 1) cooling the gas stream, and 2) adsorbing
p
the organic compounds on Amberlite XAD-2 resin (XAD). A chilled impinger
train following the sorbent trap is used to remove water from the flue gas,
and a dry gas meter is used to measure the sample gas flow.
6.1.2.2 Ambient Air Sampling
A schematic diagram of the "ambient XAD" sample train is shown in
Figure 6-4. The ambient train consists of a short glass probe, sorbent trap,
knockout impinger (optional), silica gel impinger, umbilical line, pump, and
dry gas meter. Ambient air was drawn into the sorbent module, where it was
cooled to 20°C (68°F) or lower, and the organic constituents were adsorbed by
the XAD resin. The gas was then dried with the silica gel and the sample
volume measured by the dry gas meter.
Both ambient XAD sample trains were leak-tested before and after each
test run at 2.5 kPa (10 inches HgO) to ensure that the total leakage was less
than 0.02 cfm. The dry gas meter reading was recorded twice daily at the
fir 5
-------
I
IT)
-o
o
O)
CD
6-6
-------
28/12
Cond«nc«r Coil
Trap
28/12
Thermocouple W«11
Co«r«« Frit
28/12
Figure 6-3. Adsorbent Sampling System.
6-7
-------
I
i
u
|
u
10
IO
rd
t—
CD
Q.
03
OO
O)
O
6-8
-------
beginning and end of each test period. The dry gas meter temperature, ice
bath temperatures, pressure, and volume were recorded once per hour during the
sampling periods. Although the sampling pump was operated only during MM5
sampling, the sorbent traps were cooled continuously (24 hours/day) to 20°C
(68°F) or lower.
Recovery of the ambient XAD sample trains was performed in a manner
similar to that of the MM5 train. The probe was rinsed with acetone and
methylene chloride three times each, and the rinse and condensate were stored
in a single sample container. The sorbent trap was capped with ground glass
caps. The ambient air sample consisted of the rinse and the sorbent trap.
The samples were shipped from the field to Troika for dioxin/furan analysis
and returned to Radian for dioxin precursor analysis.
6.1.2.3 HC1 Determination
HC1 concentrations in the outlet exhaust stack were determined using
another modification of EPA Method 5. The sample train components and
operation were identical to those of Method 5 with the following exceptions:
1. Water in the first two impingers was replaced with 0.1 M NaOH.
2. Sampling was single point isokinetic with the nozzle placed at a
point in the stack having an approximate average velocity.
3. The moisture/NaOH in the impingers was saved for ion chromatography
analysis. The impinger catches were analyzed by Radian's Research
Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina, laboratory.
4. A quartz probe was used. Recovery of the HC1 train
provided a sample consisting of three components: probe rinse,
filter, and back-half rinse/impinger catch.
6.1.2.4- Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination
The volumetric gas flow rates were determined using EPA Method 2. Based
on this method, the volumetric gas flow rate was determined by measuring the
average velocity of the flue gas and the cross-sectional area of the duct.
The average flue gas velocity was calculated from the average gas velocity
pressure across an S-type pi tot tube, the average flue gas temperature, the
wet molecular weight, and the absolute static pressure.
6-9
-------
6.1.2.5 Flue Gas Moisture Determination
The moisture content of the flue gas was determined using EPA Method 4.
Based on this method, a known volume of particulate-free gas was pulled
through a chilled impinger train. The quantity of condensed water was
determined gravimetrically and then related to the volume of gas sampled to
determine the moisture content.
6.1.2.6 Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination
The integrated sampling technique described by EPA Method 3 was used to
obtain a composite flue gas sample for fixed gas (02, C02, N2) analysis. The
fixed gas analysis was used to determine the molecular weight of the gas
stream. A small diaphragm pump and a stainless steel probe were used to
extract single point flue gas samples. The samples were collected at the MM5
sampling ports using Tedlar bags. Moisture was removed from the gas sample
by a water-cooled condenser so that the fixed gas analysis was on a dry basis.
The composition of the gas sample was determined using a Shimadzu Model
3BT analyzer as opposed to the Fyrite or Orsat analyzer prescribed by
Method 3. The Shimadzu instrument employs a gas chromatograph and a thermal
conductivity detector to determine the fixed gas composition of the sample.
6.1.2.7 Continuous Monitors
Continuous monitoring was performed at the afterburner exhaust sampling
location for 02, C02, CO, NO , S02, and THC throughout the dioxin sampling
test period each test day. The primary objectives of the continuous
monitoring effort were to observe fluctuations in flue gas parameters and to
provide an indication of combustion conditions. Sample acquisition was
accomplished using an in-stack filter probe and Teflon sample line connected
to a mobile laboratory. The heat-traced sample line was maintained at a
temperature of at least 120°C to prevent condensation in the sample line. The
stack gas sample was drawn through a sample gas conditioner, which consisted
of an ice bath and knockout trap. The sample gas conditioner removed moisture
and thus provided a dry gas stream for analysis. A separate unconditioned gas
stream was supplied to the THC analyzer for analysis on a wet basis.
An Anarad Model 412 nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer was used to
measure CO and CCL; a Beckman Model 755 paramagnetic analyzer was used to
measure 02; a TECO Model 10AR chemiluminescent analyzer was used to measure
6-10
-------
NO ; a TECO Model 40 pulsed fluorescence analyzer was used for S09; and a
A C,
Beckman Model 402 flame ionization analyzer was used to measure THC.
6.2 SOLID SAMPLING
Four different solid samples were collected during this test program:
feed samples, two types of ash samples, and soil samples. The sampling
locations and methods are discussed below.
6.2.1 Feed Sampling
The furnace feed was characterized by a systematic drum sampling
approach. The procedure implemented was as follows. Every tenth drum from
the feed conveyor was sampled prior to the drums being inverted. The contents
(as indicated by labeling information) were recorded for each drum sampled.
An aliquot of the residue in the drum was collected using a ladle. The size
of the sample was kept the same to the extent possible. The estimated sample
volume was 20 to 100 ml. A sample of the outer paint was removed using a
scraper. These samples were combined into one composite for precursor and
dioxin/furan analysis.
This sampling approach provided information concerning the compounds that
were present in the feed to the furnace. However, the size of the aliquots
were not weighted to represent the relative amounts of residues, linings and
paint that were present in and on each drum, and from drum-to-drum. The
composition data were used to compare the feed materials between runs 1, 2,
and 3, but those results do not represent true feed composition on a weight
percent basis.
6.2.2 Ash Sampling
Two different ash samples were obtained from this site: furnace inlet
bottom ash and furnace outlet bottom ash. Hourly grab samples of the furnace-
bottom ash were collected at the conveyor outfall area and also at the feed
end of the furnace during each test run. The grab samples were composited
into one sample for each location and for each test run. These samples were
shipped to Troika for dioxin/furan analysis.
6-11
-------
6.2.3 Soil Sampling
The fourth solid sample was a composite soil sample comprised of 10
individual soil samples. The soil sampling protocol for Tiers 3, 5, 6, and 7
of the National Dioxin Study is specified in the document, "Sampling Guidance
Manual for the National Dioxin Study." A similar protocol was used for soil
sampling at Site DBR-A. A total of 10 soil sampling locations was selected
according to the directed site selection approach described in the above
mentioned document. The 10 individual soil sampling locations are shown in
Figure 6-5. Soil samples were collected by forcing a bulb planter into the
soil to a depth of 3 inches. The soil samples were composited in a clean
stainless steel bucket. Five hundred grams of the composite were placed in a
950 ml amber glass bottle and archived at Radian for potential dioxin/furan
analysis by Troika.
6-12
-------
N
Water
V^Tower
| Q[—I
Coneumat
Drum
Opener
Figure 6-5. Site Plot Plan and Soil Sampling Locations, Site 11
6-13
-------
-------
7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
1
Laboratory procedures used to quantify dioxins/furans and dioxin/furan
precursors in the Tier 4 samples are described in this section. Samples
analyzed by EPA's Troika laboratories for dioxin/furan content included MM5
train samples, ash samples, and ambient XAD train samples. Procedures used
for the dioxin/furan analyses are described in detail in the addendum to
Analytical Procedures and QA Plan for Tiers 3-6 of the National Dioxin Study.
These procedures are summarized in Section 7.1. Furnace feed samples were
analyzed by Radian to determine concentrations of chlorinated phenols (CP),
chlorobenzenes (CB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and total organic
halogen (TOX). Procedures used for these analyses are detailed in
Sections 7.2 and 7.3, respectively.
7.1 DIOXINS/FURANS
The analytical procedures summarized in this section were used by Troika
for dioxin/furan analysis of MM5 train samples, ash samples and ambient XAD
train samples from Site DBR-A. A separate document detailing these procedures
has been prepared.
Samples consisting of organic solvents, aqueous solutions, and solids
were prepared for analysis using slightly different procedures. The organic
solvent samples consisted of rinses from the MM5 probe, nozzle, filter housing
and condenser coil. Aqueous samples consisted of impinger catch solutions,
and solid samples included filters, XAD resin, and ash. Isotopically-labeled
surrogate compounds were added to all samples prior to extraction to allow
determination of method efficiency and for quantification purposes.
Organic liquid samples (e.g., acetone and methylene chloride-based MM5
train rinses) were concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown apparatus. The
residue, which contained particulate matter from the MM5 train probe and
1.
Analytical Procedures and Quality Assurance Plan for the Analysis of Tetra
Through Octa Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Samples
from Tier 4 Incineration Processes. Addendum to: "Analytical Procedures
and Quality Assurance Plan for the Analysis of 2378-TCDD in Tier 3-7
Samples of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Dioxin
Strategy." EPA/600/3-85-019, April 1985.
7-1
-------
nozzle, was combined with the filter and handled as a solid sample. Solid
samples were extracted with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for a period of at
least 16 hours. The extract was concentrated by nitrogen blowdown and
subjected to chromatographic cleanup procedures.
Aqueous solutions (e.g., MM5 train impinger samples) were extracted with
hexane by vigorous shaking for a three hour period. This extraction procedure
was repeated three times, with the organic fractions ultimately being combined
and concentrated for chromatographic cleanup.
The cleanup procedure involved using liquid chromatographic columns to
separate the compounds of interest from other compounds present in the
samples. Four different types of columns were used: a combination acid and
base-modified silica gel column, a basic alumina column, a PX-21 carbon/eelite
545 column and a silica/diol micro column. These were used in successive
steps, with the last two being used only if necessary.
The cleaned samples were analyzed using high resolution gas
chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conditions for
the analyses were as follows:
Gas Chromatograph - Injector configured for capillary column, split!ess
injection, injector temperature 250°C, helium carrier gas at 1.2 ml/min,
initial column temperature 100°C, final column temperature 240°C, interface
temperature 270°C.
Mass Spectrometer - Varian/MAT Model 311A, electron energy 70ev, filament
emission IMA, mass resolution 8000 to 10,000, ion source temperature 270°C.
7.2 PRECURSOR ANALYSES
Feed samples for Site DBR-A were analyzed by Radian/RTP for chlorophenols
(CP), chlorobenzenes (CB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by GC/MS; total
organic halides (TOX) by GC/Hall detector. Analytical procedures are
discussed in the following sections.
7--2
-------
7.2.1 GC/MS Analyses
The analytical procedures used for determining CP, CB, and PCB
concentrations in feed samples are modified versions of procedures typically
used for the analysis of MM5 train components. These procedures involve
initial extraction of the sample with an appropriate solvent, preliminary
separation of the compounds of interest by solvent partitioning and liquid
chromatography, and analysis of the processed fractions. Solutions containing
CB and PCB are injected directly into the GC/MS, and solutions containing CP
are derivatized prior to injection. Details on the procedures used for Site
DBR-A samples are provided in the sections below.
7.2.1.1 Sample Preparation
A flow chart for the sample preparation procedure used for Site DBR-A
feed samples is shown in Figure 7-1. The first step in the procedure involved
adding labeled surrogate compounds to provide a measure of extraction method
efficiency. The next step involved adding a mixture of 0.5 N NaOH and MeCl2
to the sample and sonicating the sample for 30 minutes. The NaOH and MeCl2
mixture converts the acid compounds to their salts and collects base/neutrals
in the organic solvent. The sonicated sample was filtered and rinsed with 0.5
N NaOH. The filtrate was extracted three times in a separatory funnel with
MeCl2 and the aqueous and organic fractions were saved for derivatization
and/or further cleanup. The aqueous fraction (or acids portion) was acidified
to pH 2.0 with HC1 and then extracted three times with MeCK. The MeCl2 from
this extraction was dried with anhydrous Na2S04, exchanged to benzene, and
concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown apparatus. Acetylation of any CP
present in the sample involved the following steps:
1. 2.0 ml iso-octane, 2.0 ml acetonitrile, 50 uL pyridine, and 20 uL
acetic anhydride were added to the extract. The test tube
containing the extract was. placed in a 60°C water bath for 15
minutes.and was shaken for 30 seconds every 2 minutes.
2. 6 mL of 0.01 N HjP04 were added to the test tube, and the sample was
agitated for 2 minutes on a wrist action shaker.
3. The organic layer was removed and the quantitation standard was
added. The sample was concentrated in a Reacti-Vial at room
temperature (using prepurified N2) to 1 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
7-3
-------
25g Sample |
Add 200ml. MeOH
1.0 mL Base/Neutral Surrogate*
1.O mL Acid Surrogate*
Sonicate with M*thanol
for 30 minute*
Filter thru Buchner and add
85 mL MeCI2and Distilled HJ3
Extract 3x with SO mL MeCI2
In Separatory Funnel
Aqueous
Organic
Discard
Aqueou* Layer
Discard
Aqueous Layer
Adjust to pH 2 with HCI;
Extract with SO mL MeCI2 (3s)
Discard Acid and
Aqueous Layers
Cleanup with NaHCO3 (2x)
| Filter MeCI2 thru Na2SO4 Filter
Add 30 mL Concentrated H2SO4;
Shake 4 minutes: Alternate with
3O mL Distilled H2O;
Repeat until Acid Is clear
| Filter through Na2SO4 Filter
.Add 1O mL Benzene;
Concentrate to 1 mL
Add 10 mL Hexanes;
Concentrate to 1 mL
To 1 mL Benxene Add:
2.0 mL Iso Octane
2.0 mL Acetonltrll*
SO uL Pyrldlne
20 uL Acetic Anhydride
Pre-wet Column
with 20 mL
Hexanes
Chromatography Column with:
1.0 g Silica
2.0 g 33% NaOH Silica
2.0 g Silica
Put In 60°C HjO Bath for
13 minutes, Shaking
30 seconds every 2 minutes
Elute with 9O mL Hexane*;
Concentrate to 1 mL
[ Mini-Column with 1.0 g Alumina
Add « mL of O.01 H
Shake 2 minutes
Eluto with 20 mL SO/SO
MeCI2/Hexanes
Add Quantltatlon Standards:
Concentrate to 1 mL
GC/MS Analysis
Figure 7-1. Sample Preparation Flow Diagram for
Site DBR-A Precursor Analyses
7-4
-------
Cleanup of the organic (or base/neutrals) layer from the first
extraction involved successively washing the extract with concentrated H«SO.
and double-distilled water. The acid or water was added in a 30 ml portion
and the sample was shaken for two minutes. After the aqueous (or acid) and
organic layers were completely separated, the aqueous (or acid) layer was
discarded. The acid washing procedure was repeated until the acid layer was
colorless. The organic fraction from the final wash was dried with anhydrous
Na^SO., exchanged to hexane and concentrated. Final cleanup of the sample by
column chromatography involved the following procedure.
A glass macro-column, 20 mm o.d. x 230 mm in length, tapered to 6 mm o.d.
on one end, was prepared. The column was packed with a plug of si 1 iconized
glass wool, followed successively by 1.0 g silica, 2.0 g silica containing
33 percent (w/w) 1 N NaOH, and 2.0 g silica. The concentrated extract was
quantitatively transferred to the column and eluted with 90 ml hexane. The
entire eluate was collected and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml in a
centrifuge tube.
A disposable liquid chromatography mini-column was constructed by cutting
off a 5-mL Pyrex disposable pipette at the 2.0 ml mark and packing the lower
portion of the tube with a small plug of si 1 iconized glass wool, followed by 1
g of Woehlm basic alumina. The alumina had been previously activated for at
least 16 hours at 600°C in a muffle furnace and cooled in a desiccator for 30
minutes just before use. The concentrated eluate from above was
quantitatively transferred onto the liquid chromatography column. The
centrifuge tube was rinsed consecutively with two 0.3-mL portions of a 3
percent MeClgthexane solution, and the rinses were transferred to the liquid
chromatography .column.
The liquid chromatography column was eluted with 20 ml of a 50 percent
(v/v) MeClg'hexane solution, and the eluate was concentrated to a volume of
approximately 1 ml by heating the tubes in a water bath while passing a stream
of prepurified N2 over the solutions. The quantitation standard was added and
the final volume was adjusted to 1.0 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
7.2.1.2 Analysis
Analyses for CP, CB and PCB present in the feed sample extracts were
performed with a Finnigan Model 5100 mass spectrometer using selected ion
7-5
-------
monitoring. A fused silica capillary column was used for chromatographic
separation of the compounds of interest. Analytical conditions for the GC/MS
analysis are shown in Table 7-1.
Tuning of the GC/MS was performed daily as specified in the Tier 4 QA
Project Plan. An internal-standard calibration procedure was used for sample
quantitation. Compounds of interest were calibrated against a fixed
concentration of either djg-chrysene (for CP) or do-naphthalene (for CB, PCB).
Components of the calibration solution are shown in Table 7-2. For
multi-point calibrations, this solution was injected at concentrations of 10,
50, 100, and 150 ng/ml.
Compound identification was confirmed by comparison of chromatographic
retention times and mass spectra of unknowns with retention times and mass
spectra of reference compounds. Since the selected ion monitoring technique
was necessary for the samples analyzed, care was taken to monitor a
sufficiently wide mass region to avoid the potential for reporting false
positives.
The instrument detection limit for the analytes of interest (i.e., CP,
CB, and PCB) was estimated to be approximately 500 pg on column. For a 50 g
sample and 100 percent recovery of the analyte, this corresponds to a feed
sample detection limit of 10 ppb.
7.3 TOTAL CHLORIDE ANALYSES
Furnace feed samples were analyzed for total organic halide (TOX) by
short-column GC and a Hall detector (GC/Hall). Solid samples were extracted
with benzene for at least 16 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were
washed three.tijnes with 100 mL portions of reagent-grade water concentrated to
10 mL.
An attempt to use a fused silica capillary column to separate surrogates
from target compounds was unsuccessful due to the complexity of the sample
constituents. Determinations for TOX were therefore performed on samples
without surrogates and no measure of extraction efficiency is available.
Instrument conditions are shown in Table 7-3. Sample quantitation was
based on an average response factor developed from a mixture of chlorinated
benzenes and brominated biphenyls. CP, CB and PCB were also injected
individually at various concentrations to develop a calibration curve for
comparison with the mixture response factors.
r-e
-------
TABLE 7-1. INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS FOR GC/MS PRECURSOR ANALYSES
Parameter
Chlorobenzenes/
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Chlorophenols
Column
Injector Temperature
Column Head Pressure
He flow rate
GC program
Emission Current
Electron Energy
Injection Mode
Mode
30 m WB DB-5 (1.0 u film
thickness) fused silica
capillary
290°C
Separator Oven Temperature 290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(4)-290°C,
10%" n & hold
0.50 mA
70 eV
Split!ess 0.6 min,
then 10:1 split
Electron ionization, Selected Ion
Monitoring
290°C
290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(1)-290°C,
12%in & hold
0.50 mA
70 eV
7-7
-------
TABLE 7-2. COMPONENTS OF THE CALIBRATION SOLUTION
Base/Neutrals
Acids
4-chlorobiphenyl
3,3'-di chlorobi phenyl
2,4*,5-trichlorobiphenyl
3,3*4,4*-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2,4,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6,6'-nonachlorobiphenyl
decachlorobi phenyl
p-dichlorobenzene
1,2,4-tri chlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
d,-l,4-dichlorobenzene (SS)
3-bromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexabromobiphenyl (SS)
o
octachloronaphthalene (QS)
d,Q-phenanthrene (QS)
(Qs)
2,5-dichlorophenol
2,3-dichlorophenol
2,6-dichlorophenol
3,5-di chlorophenol
3,4-dichlorophenol
2,3,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,6-trichlorophenol
3,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,4-trichlorophenol
2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol
pentachlorophenol
dg-phenol (SS)
d^.-2-chlorophenol (SS)
Cg-pentachlorophenol (SS)
dg-naphthalene (QS)
2,4,6-tribromophenol (QS)
d10-phenanthrene (QS)
d^chrysene (QS)
Surrogate standard.
"Quantitation standard.
7-0
-------
TABLE 7-3. ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS FOR TOX ANALYSIS
Hall Detector Conditions
Reactor temperature - 850°C
Solvent - n-propanol
Hydrogen flow rate - 35 mL/min
GC Conditions (Varian 3700)
Injection volume (1-5 uL)
Helium carrier gas flow rate - 60 mL/min
Column - 3-ft packed column with 1 in 10% 0V 101
Column temperature - 200°C isothermal
7--9
-------
-------
8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)
This section summarizes results of quality assurance and quality control
(QA/QC) activities for Site DBR-A. Surrogate recoveries for the afterburner
outlet samples and ambient XAD train sample were all within the QA targets
specified in the Tier 4 QAPP. For the afterburner inlet samples, surrogate
recoveries of the labeled TCDD species were within the Tier 4 QA targets, but
recoveries of the labeled hepta- and octa-CDD species were not within the QA
target of 40 to 120 percent. Surrogate recoveries for the ash samples did not
satisfy the Tier 4 QA requirements. The results of the analysis of the
fortified laboratory QC sample were all within 44 percent of the true value
which is within the Tier 4 objective of ± 50 percent.
The dioxin/furan precursor analysis of the feed samples varied by sample
type and by specific surrogate species. Generally, the values were below the
50 percent objective stated in the Tier 4 QAPP. In spite of the relatively
low surrogate recovery values for some of the feed samples, the resulting
analytical sensitivity for the target analytes is considered acceptable for
the purpose of this study. ^
The following sections summarize the results of all Site DBR-A QA/QC
activities. Manual gas sampling methods are considered in Section 8.1 and
continuous emission monitoring and molecular weight determinations are
considered in Sections 8.2 and 8.3. The laboratory analysis QA/QC activities
are summarized in Section 8.4.
8.1 MANUAL GAS SAMPLING
Manual gas sampling methods at Site DBR-A included Modified Method 5
(MM5), EPA Methods 1 through 4, and HC1 testing. These methods are discussed.
in Section 6.0. Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) activities for
the manual sampling methods centered around 1) equipment calibration, 2)
glassware pre-cleaning, 3) procedural QC checks, and 4) sample custody
procedures. Key activities and QC results in each of these areas are
discussed in this section. Also discussed are problems encountered that may
have affected data quality.
8-1.
-------
8.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware Preparation
Pre-test calibrations or inspections were conducted on pitot tubes,
sampling nozzles, temperature sensors and analytical balances. Both pre-test
and post-test calibrations were performed on the dry gas meters. All of the
field test equipment met the calibration criteria specified in the Tier 4
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Differences in the pre-test and
post-test dry gas meter calibrations were less than 2.5 percent. The
calibration sheets can be found in Appendix A-15.
An extensive pre-cleaning procedure was used for all sample train
glassware and sample containers. This cleaning procedure, which is outlined
in Table 8-1, was implemented to minimize the potential for sample
contamination with substances that could interfere with the dioxin/furan
analysis. A blank MM5 train that had been pre-cleaned using this procedure
(i.e., proof train blank) was recovered with acetone and methylene chloride
rinses according to the usual MM5 recovery procedure. The rinses and other MM5
train components of the proof train blank (i.e., filter, XAD trap, and
impinger solution) were submitted to Troika for dioxin/furan analysis. To
minimize the potenCTal for contamination in the field, all sample train
glassware was capped with foil prior to use. A sample trailer was maintained
for the specific purpose of sample train assembly and recovery. A blank MM5
train that had been previously used and field-recovered at least once at
Site DBR-A (i.e., field recovery train blank) was assembled and recovered
according to the usual MH5 recovery procedures. The rinses and other
components of the field recovery train blank (filter, XAD trap, and impinger
solution) were submitted to Troika for dioxin/furan analysis. Analytical
results for the proof train blank and field recovery train blank are presented
in Section 8.3.1.3.
8.1.2 Procedural QC Activities/Manual Gas Sampling
Procedural QC activities during the manual gas sampling for dioxin/furan
and HC1 focused on:
visual equipment inspections
utilization of sample train blanks,
ensuring the proper location and number of traverse points,
conducting pre-test and post-test sample train leak checks,
8-2_
-------
TABLE 8-1. GLASSWARE PRECLEANING PROCEDURE
: USE DISPOSABLE GLOVES AND ADEQUATE VENTILATION
Soak all glassware in hot soapy water (Alconox ) 50°C or higher.
Distilled/deionized H20 rinse (X3).a
ChromergeR rinse if glass, otherwise skip to 4.
High purity liquid chromatography grade H20 rinse (X3).
Acetone rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
Methylene chloride rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
Cap glassware with clean glass plugs or methylene chloride rinsed
aluminum foils.
X3) = three times.
8-3
-------
8.1.3 Sample Custody
Sample custody procedures used during this program emphasized documenta-
tion of the samples collected and the use of chain-of-custody records for
samples transported to the laboratory for analysis. Steps taken to identify
and document samples collected included labeling each sample with a unique
alphanumeric code as shown in Figure 8-1 and logging the sample in a master
logbook. All samples shipped to Troika or returned to Radian/RTP were also
logged on chain-of-custody records that were signed by the field sample
custodian upon shipment and also signed upon receipt at the laboratory.
Sample shipment letters were sent with the samples detailing their analysis
priority and are contained in Appendix F. Each sample container lid was
Individually sealed to ensure that samples were not tampered with. No
evidence of loss of sample integrity was reported for samples collected at
this site.
8.2 CONTINUOUS MONITORING/MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
Flue gas concentrations measured continuously at the stack location
included 02, CO, C02, THC, NOX and S02. Quality control results for these
analyses and molecular weight determination are discussed in this section.
The molecular weight for the gases at the inlet location was determined by
analyzing integrated bag samples of flue gas for 02, C02, and N2. Quality
control for this analysis involved duplicate analyses of calibration gases
immediately before and after sample analysis. Analysis of the calibration
gases was repeated until two consecutive analyses within +5 percent applied to
duplicate analyses required for sample quantification. These criteria were
met for all molecular weight determinations.
Drift check results for the continuously monitored flue gas parameters
are summarized in Table 8-3. Data reduction was performed by assuming a
linear drift of the instrument response over the test day based on drift
checks at the beginning and end of the day. The C02 analyzer drift was 22.6%
for Run 01 and 11.9% for run 02 while the target QC value was 10%. The drifts
for the other analyzers were within the QC drift criteria.
The quality control standards for this program consisted of mid-range
concentration standards that were intended for QC purposes and not for
8-6
-------
on -
Plant
designation
(Plant 11)
MM5 - AI-
01 -
A
t
Train Component
F - Filter
SM - XAO Module
PR - Probe Rinse
CR - Back-half/Coil Rinse
CD - Condensate
IR - Impinger Rinse
Sequential run or sample number for this
plant (multiple samples collected at same
time given A, B, C, etc. designation).
Sampling Location
AI - afterburner inlet
AO - afterburner outlet
Sample Type
MM5 - Modified Method 5
HC1 - HC1 train
0- - Oxygen
CO, - Carbon dioxide
CO - Carbon monoxide
NO - Nitrogen oxides
SOi - Sulfur dioxides
THC - Total hydrocarbon
IB - Integrated bag (Method 3)
S - Soils
AMB - Ambient air train
FOA - Furnace outlet bottom ash
FIA - Furnace inlet bottom ash
DR - Drum residues
DC - Drum coatings
RBL - Reagent blanks
BL - field blank
LAB/PR - laboratory proof blank
Figure 8-1. Alpha-numeric sampling code for Site DBR-A.
3-7-
-------
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-------
instrument calibration. The QC gases were analyzed immediately after
calibration each day to provide data on day-to-day instrument variability.
The acceptance criteria for the analysis of each QC standard was agreement
within +10 percent of the running mean value.
8.3 VALIDATION OF 02 AND C02 DATA
The oxygen and carbon dioxide data collected during the test were
validated as follows. The maximum percent of C02 possible in the flue gas was
calculated assuming that all of the carbon is converted to C02 and based on
the ultimate analysis of the fuel (carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen and
oxygen content).
As shown in Figure 8-2, the CEM test data were plotted on a graph of
oxygen in flue gas versus carbon monoxide in flue gas. Then a line was drawn
between the oxygen concentration in air (20.9 percent) and the maximum percent
of (XL possible. Both the natural gas and the residues on the drums were
sources of carbon. By assuming that all the carbon came from methane in the
natural gas, the maximum percent C02 was estimated at 11.7.
The CEM data falls within a reasonable range and is considered valid. If
the carbon content of the drum residues could be included, the line would be
adjusted upward.
8.4 LABORATORY ANALYSES
QA/QC activities were carried out for dioxin/furan, precursor, and total
chloride analyses performed in Site DBR-A samples. The dioxin/furan analyses
of MM5 train samples, ash samples, and ambient XAD train samples performed by
Troika are considered in Section 8.4.1; the precursor analyses of drum residue
and coating samples performed by Radian/RTP are considered in Section 8.4.2;
and the total chloride analyses of HC1 train samples performed by
Radian/Austin are-considered in Section 8.4.3.
8.4.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
This section discusses the dioxin/furan analyses performed on samples
from Site DBR-A. Analytical recoveries of labelled surrogate compounds spiked
onto MM5 train samples, ash samples, and ambient XAD samples prior to
extraction are reported in Section 8.4.1.1. Sample blank data are reported in
Section 8.4.1.2.
8-9
-------
30-
25-
(9
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U.
e
d
O
20-
15-
10-
5-
H GEM data
10
i
15
i
20
25
% CO2 In Flu* Gas
Flgur* 8-2. Validation of OEM, O2 and CO2 Data at Sit* 11
3-10
-------
TABLE 8-4. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR
SITE DBR-A DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSES
Samp] e
MM5 Train Samples
Afterburner Inlet
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Afterburner Outlet
Run 01
Run 02
. Run 03
Ambient XAD Train
Ash Samples
Furnace Inlet
Run 01
Furnace Outlet
Run 01
Run 02
37C1
U4
TCDD
84
76
92
94
102
94
102
Ns
-
NS
NS
13C
TCDD
66
68
106
100
88
96
100
61
50
88
37ci4
Hepta-CDD
NR
NR
26
45
47
52
42
NS
NS
NS
13C
L12
Octa-CDD
11
98
28
40
41
42
47
ND
42
ND
ND = None detected in sample extract.
NR = No recovery value reported by Troika.
NS = Surrogate compound not spiked into sample.
8-11
-------
8.4.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the Test Samples
Table 8-4 presents the analytical recovery data reported by Troika for
four isotopically labelled surrogate compounds spiked onto the primary MM5
train samples, ash samples, and ambient XAD train samples. Those samples
consisting solely of solid components (i.e., ash, and ambient train XAD traps)
were spiked with the 13C12-TCDD and 13C12-OCDD surrogates. Samples that
consisted of both solid and liquid components (i.e., the primary MM5 trains
samples) were spiked with all four of the surrogates. Surrogate recoveries
for the MM5 train samples, ambient XAD train samples, and ash samples were
fairly consistent between runs. Surrogate recoveries for the afterburner
outlet HM5 samples and the ambient XAD train sample were all within the QA
targets specified in the Tier 4 QAPP. For these samples recoveries of the
labelled TCDD species ranged form 88 to 102 percent, and recoveries for the
hepta- and octa-CDD species ranged from 40 to 52 percent. At the afterburner
inlet, surrogate recoveries of the labelled TCDD species were within the Tier
4 QA targets of 50 to 120 percent, but recoveries of the labelled hepta- and
octa-CDD species were not within the QA target of 40 to 120 percent. However,
the Troika laboratory report indicated that sufficient amounts of the labelled
octa-CDD surrogate was present for the analytical results to provide
reasonably accurate estimates of minimum values for hepta- and octa-
CDD 's/CDF's at the afterburner inlet.
Surrogate recoveries for the ash samples did not satisfy the Tier 4 QA
requirements. The Troika laboratory report indicated that some unknown type
of contamination destroyed the GC resolution and the MS sensitivity for these
samples.
8.4.1.2- Sample Blanks
Table 8-5 summarizes the analytical results reported by Troika for
internal laboratory blanks, laboratory fortified quality control (QC) samples,
and field recovery blank MM5 train samples. In general, the data show
surrogate recoveries within the Tier 4 QA targets with values ranging from 40
to 104 percent. Comparison of the measured and spiked values for the
laboratory fortified QC samples showed agreement to within + 44 percent for
all target species. Table 8-6 gives a comparison of the dioxin/furan
analytical results for the field blank MM5 trains and the test run MM5 trains
--12
-------
TABLE 8-5. ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
Flue Gas Qua! Itv Control Samples
Fortified Laboratory Dfi Samnla
Compound
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Laboratory
Blank
NO
ND
NO
ND
NO
0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N'easu red
Value
Amount
0.3
ND
ND
1.0
2.9
3.1
0.4
ND
0.5
0.9
3.2
3.1
True , .
Value3'5
Field Blank
Inlet
MM5 Train
Outlet
Detected (Nanograms oer Samole)
0.4 (-25)
ND (0)
ND (0)
1.6 (-38)
2.4 (21)
3.2 (-3)
0.4 (0)
ND (0)
0.8 (-38)
1.6 (-44)
2.4 (33)
3.2 (-3)
Surroaate Recoveries
37C1 -TCDD
13C -TCDD
12
37C1 -Hepta CDD
4
13C -Octa CDD
12
96
98
43
42
96
102
41
40
NA
- NA
NA
NA
NO
0.7
0.7
1.6
2.6
0.1
ND
4.7
3.6
5.1
4.6
1.2
(Percent)
72
72
65
96
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
80
88
68
104
True values represent the amounts of each homologue spiked Into the laboratory fortified QC
.samples.
Value shown in parenthesis 1s the percentage difference between the measured and the true
value:
Measured Value - True Value
True Value
x 100
ND = Not Detected
NA = Not ApplIcable
TCDD = Tetra-chlorlnated d1benzo-p-d1ox1n
8-13
-------
TABLE 8-6. FIELD BLANK DIOXIN/FURAN DATA FOR SITE DBR-A MM5 SAMPLES
Isomer/Homologue
Amount Detected, Nanoorams per Train
Field Blank Value Minimum Test Run Value Percentage'
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet Outlet
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
ND
0.7
0.7
1.6
2.6
1.0
ND
4.7
3.6
5.1
4.6
1.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
10.2
45.6
39.7
24.4
10.7
9.0
48.1
499
254
46.9
19.5
4.0
0.04
1.2
0.3
0.6
1.1
1.1
0.1
16.4
5.8
2.9
2.0
0.5
0
2
2
7
24
9
0
1
1
11
24
30
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
Percentage shown is the ratio of the field blank value to the minimum test
run value, expressed as a percentage.
8-44
-------
at the afterburner inlet and outlet. At the afterburner outlet, only the
octa-CDD homologue was detected in the field blank. The measured field blank
value represented 27 percent of the minimum test run value. This indicates
that there were no significant blanking problems at this location. The field
blank at the afterburner inlet was not as clean as the field blank at the
afterburner outlet. However, the field blank train values for individual
homologues represented no more than 30 percent of the minimum test run values
and in most cases was less than 10 percent of the minimum test run values.
Overall, the field clean-up procedures were found to be adequate for this test
site. Emissions data reported in Section 5.4 were not blank-corrected.
8.4.2 Precursor Analyses
Table 8-7 presents analytical recovery efficiencies for six isotopically
labelled compounds used as surrogates for the target precursor analytes in the
Site DBR-A drum residue and drum coating.. The surrogate recovery values in
Table 8-7 vary by sample type and by specific surrogate species. The overall
ranges of surrogate recoveries for the different types of feed samples were 3
to 97 percent for drum residue samples and 8 to 81 percent for drum coating
samples. These values are below the 50 percent objective stated^ n the Tier 4
QA Project Plan and are below those generally considered achievable when
analyzing for similar compounds in water or from MM5 train components. There
are no directly comparable surrogate recovery values reported in the
literature for samples similar to the Site DBR-A feed materials.
There are several reasons for the comparatively low surrogate recoveries
reported in the Tier 4 study for samples such as the Site DBR-A drum residues
and coatings. First, the complex nature of the samples required extensive
clean-up procedures prior to GC/MS analysis, which increased the potential for
losses of the surrogate compounds (and analytes) during sample preparation.
Second, large sample sizes (25 to 50. g) were required to increase method
sensitivity for the target analytes and to ensure that representative portions
of the samples were analyzed. Due to the high cost of labelled surrogates, it
was not desirable to spike the large sample sizes with surrogates in
proportion to that normally used for smaller samples. Supplemental in-house
laboratory studies showed that when sample size was restricted to 1 g and the
amount of surrogate spiked was held fixed, surrogate recoveries improved and
8-15
-------
TABLE 8-7. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR SITE DBR-A FEED SAMPLES
Percent Surrogate Recovery
Surrogate Compound
Drum Residue Feed Samples Drum Coating Feed Sample
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03 Average
Run'
Average
cL -di chl orobenzene
bromobiphenyl
2 * , 5 , 5 ' tetrabromobi phenyl
dg-phenol
d.-2-chlorophenol
13r -pentachlorophenol
L6
24
38
37
6
10
3
25
63
67
15
36
16
37
76
97
26
44
20
29
59
67
16
30
13
8,
18,
13,
17,
81,
8,
10
29
20
9
45
15
9
24
17
13
63
12
aOnly one drum coating sample was collected. Duplicate an
sample.
ses was performed on the
8-16
-------
were directly comparable with those obtained by Tiernan and co-workers for
municipal incinerator feed materials. Surrogate recoveries for Tier 4 samples
and the results for small sample sizes are further discussed in the Tier 4
Engineering Analysis Report.
In spite of the relatively low surrogate recovery values for some of the
feed samples, the resulting analytical sensitivity for the target analytes was
considered acceptable for the purpose of this study. The instrumental
detection limit ranged from about 100 to 500 picograms on-column for the 1
micro!iter of final extract injected into the GC/MS. At a method recovery
efficiency of 100 percent for a 50 gram solid sample cleaned up to a final
extract volume of 1 milliliter, the overall analytical sensitivity would be
approximately 2 to 10 ppb in the solid sample. For samples such as the
drum residues with surrogate recoveries as low as 3 percent, the overall
analytical sensitivity of the method would still be 70 to 330 ppb. Thus, even
in a worst-case situation the analytical procedures used provide information
on the precursor content of the feed samples down to the ppm level.
8.4.3 Total Chloride Analyses
Total chloride analyses were performed by Radian/Austin on the HC1 train
samples. QA/QC activities included total chloride analysis of field recovery
blank HC1 train samples, total chloride analysis of an aliquot of the NaOH
solution used in the sample train impingers, and duplicate total chloride
analyses of five audit samples. Very low levels of chlorides were detected in
the field recovery blank trian samples and no chlorides were detected in the
aliquot of the NaOH solution analyzed. Table 8-8 shows the results of the
duplicate ion chromatograph analyses of the audit samples. Duplicate analyses
were in very-close agreement, and the analytical results were within 5.3
percent of the audit concentrations.
8-17
-------
TABLE 8-8. RESULTS OF DUPLICATE ANALYSES OF CHLORIDE AUDIT SAMPLES
Site #
ll-RAS-HCL-6
ll-RAS-HCL-7
11-RAS HCL-8
ll-RAS-HCL-9
ll-RAS-HCL-10
Field #
1
2
3
4
5
Expected
from Audit
25.000
25.000
100.00
1000.0
500.0
Blank Corrected
Total Mg
25.6/25.5
25.4/25.5
101/101
1020/1030
527/526
Error
Percent
+ 2.2
+ 1.8
+ 1
+ 2.5
+ 5.3
3-18
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix A
A-l
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
F-l
F-2
F-3
F-4'
Appendix G
Appendix H
Field Results
Definition of Terms and Sample Calculation for
MM5 Calculations
Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct MM5 Calculations and Results
Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack MM5 Calculations and
Results
Afterburner Outlet Exhaust Stack HCL Calculations and
Results
Ambient Air Calculations and Results
Process Monitoring Data
CEM Data
Sample Shipping Letters
Dioxin/Furan Analytical Data
Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan
Emissions Data (As-measured Concentrations)
Afterburner Outlet Stack Run Specific Dioxin/Furan
Emissions Data (As-measured Concentrations)
Furnace Outlet Exhaust Duct Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan
Emissions Data (Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Afterburner Outlet Stack Run Specific Dioxin/Furan
Emissions Data (Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Risk Modeling Input Parameters (Afterburner Outlet)
Error Analysis of Control Device Efficiency Calculations
-------
-------
APPENDIX A-l
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS AND
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A-l
-------
-------
PARAMETER
METIHIODS !2
I N I T I OtM OF=-
DEFINITION
Tt(min.)
Dn(i n. )
Ps(in.H20>
Vm (cu.-ft. >
Vw
Flaw (ac-Fm)
Fl aw (acmrn)
Fl aw (dsc-ftTi)
Flow(dscmm)
7. I
7. EA
PGM
Y
pg
Cp
dH . .
dP
TOTAL SAMPLING TIME
SAMPLING NOZZLE DIAMETER
ABSOLUTE STACK. STATIC GAS PRESSURE
ABSOLUTE VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLE MEASURED BY DGM
TOTAL STACK MOISTURE COLLECTED
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE OF DGM
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DGM
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF STACK GAS
OXYGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
NITROGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
AVE. SQ. ROOT OF S-PITOT DIFF. PRESSURE-TEMP. PRODUCTS
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF.STACK(DUCT)
TEMPERATURE OF STACK
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED ,Vm
-------
SOURCE TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
CHARLOTTE , NORTH CAROLINA
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
11-MM5-AO-01
08/06/85
0927-1127 1328-1528
Vm(std)
Vm(std)
1) Volume o-f dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 deg-F ,29.92 in. Hq)
Y x Vm :c CTCstd; + 4603 x CPb +(Pm/13.6>1
P(std) x (Tm + 460)
1 x 133.44 x 528 x C 29.3 + ( .96 /13.6)3
__• ^_ __ ——-—.^—. —— — ^—•—— — —• — —•• —— — — — — — — ^ —•^ — — —• — —. — ———. — —
29.92 x ( 100.3 + 460)
Vm(std) = 123.438dsc-f
2) Volume o-f- water vapor at standard conditions:
Vw(gas) = 0.04715 c-f/gm x W(l) gm
Vw(gas) = 0.04715 x 258.9 = 12.207 sc-f
3> Psrcent Moisture in stack gas :
100 x Vw(gas)
Vm(std) + Vw(gas)
100 x 12.207
123.438 + 12.207
4) Mole fraction of dry stack gas s
V.M =
XM =
9.00 %
Md =
100 - XM
100
100 - 9.00
100
.9100071
A-4
-------
=: TWO
Werage Molecular Weight o-f DRY stack gas :
MWd = (.44 x XC02) + (.32 x y.Q2> + (.28 x ^N2;
MWd = (.44 x 5 ) + (.32 x 13.2 ) + (.28 x 81.3 ) = 29.328
Averaqe Molecular Weight of wet stack gas :
friuj = MWd x Md -f- 18(1 - Md 5
MW = 29,328 x .9100071 + 18(1 - .9100071 ) = 28.30856
Stack cias velocity in -feet-per-minute (-fpm) at stack conditions :
= KpxCp x CSQRT (dP/3-Cave} x SORT . CTs £avg>3 x SQRT Cl/(PsxMW)l x 60sec/min
Vs = 85.49 x .84 x 60 x 22.42955 x SQRTCl/< 29.27794 X 28.30856 )]
Vs = 3356.891 FPM
Average stack gas dry volumetric -flow rate (JDSCFM) :
Vs x As x Md x T(std) x Ps
144 cu.in./cu.ft. x (Ts +460) x P(std)
3336.891 x 1017.878 x .9100071 x528x 29.27794
144 x 1755.167 x 29.92
Qsd = 6356.377 dsc-Fm
Qsd =
Qsd =
A-5
-------
THFtEIE
9) Isokinetic sampling rate (7.) s
Dimensional Constant C = K4 x 60 x 144 x Cl / (Pi /4)1
K4 = .0945 FOR ENGLISH UNITS
C x Vm(std) x (Ts + 460)
17. =
Vs x Tt x Ps x Md x (Dn>---2
1039.574 x 123.4384 x 1755.167
r •» = ____—_—_—————.—— ————————— — —— ———————— ——— —- ——
3356.891 x 240 x 29.27794 x .9100071 x( .321 > rt2
17. = 101.8312
IE) Excess air (7.) :
100 x 7.02 100 x 13.2
EA = =
(.264 x 7.N2) - 7.02 (.264 x 81.8 ) - 13.2
EA - 157.23
11} Particulate Concentration :
Cs «'( grams part.) / Vm(std) = 0 / 123.4384
Cs = 0.0000000 Grams/DSCF
T(std) x Md x Ps x Cs
Ca =
P(std) x Ts
528 x .9100071 x 29.27794 x 0.0000000
*"* — — * L'_I __LI - I_L TTTI -n - - " -—. _n_ii _-• rr
29.92 x 1755.167
Ca = 0.0000000 Gr-ams/ACF
LBS/HR = Cs x 0.002205 x Qsd x 60
LBS/HR = 0.0000000X 0.002205 x' 6356.4 x 60
LBS/HR = 0
P r o g r 3. m R e v i -3 i a n; I / 16 / S •'
A-6
-------
APPENDIX A-2
FURNACE OUTLET EXHAUST DUCT
MM5 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
A-7
-------
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST tt
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
INCINERATOR OUTLET/AFTERBURNER INLET
11-MM5-AI-01
08/06/85
0922-1122 1330-1530
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.-ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H2Q)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent CO2
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DOM' Factor
Pi tot Constant
240
29.3
.373
163.771
1.56
130,8
706.86
.45
386.6
29.26691
1314.277
3.7
15.9
80.4
20.67903
1,007
.54
A-9
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
INCINERATOR OUTLET/AFTERBURNER INLET
11-MM5-AI-01
08/06/85
0922-1122 1330-1530
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dsc-f)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
'/. moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(-fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flaw(acfm)
Flaw(acmm)
Flow (dsc-Fm)
Flaw(dscmm)
•/: i
V. EA
144.8982
4. 103516
18.22819
.5162224
11.17428
.8882572
29.228
27.97335
3113.978
949.3835
15285.74
432.8921
3952.328
111.9299
98.87349
298.5578
Program Revision:1716/34
A-10
-------
EE: F=-
I #=»r*J
M EE T IHI o r;>
"T SE.
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DI OX IN SITE *.!. 1
INCINERATOR OUTLET/AFTERBURNER INLET
11-MM5-AI-O3-
O8/07/35
O922- J 1 22 1320 - 1 4 1.5 .1 425-153O
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling t i me < m i n .)
Bar omet r i c Pr essu.r » < i n , Hq)
Sampling nozzle diameter
Meter Temperature
Absolut e st ack pressure
-------
F* *=» O DC
SOK-JIRCE -FES'
f=- T
PLANT
PLANT SITE
3AMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DinxiN SITE tt't 1
INCINERATOR OUTLET/AFTERBl 1RNER IMLET
ii-MM5-AI-02
08/07/85
0922=1122 132O 1-^1 IP 1425-1530
PARAMETER
RESULT
^m(dsc-f-)
Vw gas(scf)
•Jw qas -
VB -
"Flow
F3 ow (acjnm)
FlovJ
-------
Ft
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DICXIN SITE #11
INCINERATOR OUTLET/AFTERBURNER INLET
:l 1 -MM5-AI-O3
OS/OS/85
llOO 132O- 152O
PARAMETER
VALUE
sampling t i me
Meter Temperst.i..ire (F)
Stack d i men = i on < sq.in.)
Stack Static Pr-essure
St. ac k Mo i st ur 5 Co I I «=c t ed < q m >
Absol Lite stack press; ire (:i n ! !q >
Average stack temperature
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
r-lEZTT 1-1 ODES S: — !S
DIOXIN SITE #11
INCINERATOR OUTLET/AFTERBURNER INLET
11-MM5-AI-O3
OQ/O8/85
O9OO-11OO 132O-152O
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dsc-f)
V.Ti
Vw gas(sc-f>
Vw cjas
-------
APPENDIX A-3
AFTERBURNER OUTLET EXHAUST STACK
MM5 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
A-15
-------
-------
TEST
MET1-SOD ^2 — S
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST tt
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOX IN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
11-MM5-AQ-01
08/06/85
0927-1127 132S-152S
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometri c Pressure ( i n.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.-ft.)
Meter Pressure (i n.H20)
Meter Temperature
-------
.
METHODS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
11-MM5-AO-01
08/96/85
0927-1127 1328-1528
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dsc-f)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
7. moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(-Fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flaw(acmm)
Flow (dsc-E'm)
Flow (dscmm-)
•/. I
7. EA
123.4384
3.495776
12.20714
.3457061
8.999289
.9100071
29.328
28.30856
3356.891
- 1023.442
23728.51
67.1.9913
6356.377
180.0126
101.8312
157.2327
Program Revisions 1/16/8^
A-18
-------
MEZ"T5-«OD S
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST tt
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE 4*11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
11-MM5-AO-02
08/07/85
0924-1124 1320-1416
1429-1533
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.>
Barometric: Pressure (in.Hq)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu..-ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H2Q>
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure
-------
i AIM soLJIF:cJE:
METHODS S
F=-XIMAi_ Ft
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
11-MM5-AO-02
08/07/85
0924-1124 1320-1416
1429-153:
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
'/. moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(-Fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
7. I
7. EA
128.276
3.632776
13.46133
.3912247
9.497376
.9050262
29.30S
28.23404
358S.857
1094.164
25368.18
718.4268
6946.841
196.7345
96.82732
183.1453
Program Revi si on:1/16/S4
A-20
-------
T.
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST ft
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE
DIOXIN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
11-MM5-AO-03
08/08/85
0858-1058 1317-1517
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.>
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Vo 1 ume < cu .-ft.) ,
Meter Pressure Cin.H2Q)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure Cin.H2O>
Stack Moisture Collected Cgm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02 .
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pi tot Constant
240
29. 13
150.87
1.23
107.9
1017.873
339. 1
29, 10794
1250.375
5
13.4
81.6.
24.79661
1
.84
A-21
-------
SOLJRCIE:
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIQXIN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
11-MM5-AO-03
08/08/85
0858-1058 1317-1517
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dsc-F)
VmCdscm)
Vw gas(sc-f)
Vw gas (scm)
7. moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(-fpm)
V's (mp m)
Flow(acrm)
Flaw(acmm)
Flow (dsc-f m)"
Flow(dscmm)
'/. I
•/. EA
136.9904
3.879567
15.98857
.4527962
10.45148
.8954852
29.336
28.15122
3732.362
1137.915
26382.56
747.1541
7093.178
200.8738
101.2719
164.5706
Program Revi si on %. 1 /16/841
A-22
-------
APPENDIX A-4
AFTERBURNER OUTLET EXHAUST STACK
HCL CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
A-23
-------
-------
I AM
EIF'iPs METHOD
<: Ft AW DATA >
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE ttll
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
ll-HCL-AO-01
08/06/85
1015-1125 1335-1445
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu. -f t. )
Meter Pressure
Stack Moisture Collected
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
ll-HCL-AO-01
08/06/85
1015-1125 1335-1445
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dsc-f)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(sc-F)
Vw gas (scm)
7. moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(-fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow (ac-fm)
Flow (a.cmm>
Flow(dsc-fm)
Flaw(ds'cmm)
7. I
7. EA
77.73516
2.20146
7.907055
.2239278
9.232661
.9076734
29.32S
28.2S213
3724.177
1135.42
26324.71
745.5156
6933.407
196.3541
109.4719
157.2327
Program Revision: 1/16/8-*
A-26
-------
ME:nri-toi3'
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE ttll
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
ll-HCL-AO-02
08/07/85
0947-1057 1327-1409
1434-150:
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometr i c Pressure (i h,Hg;
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.-ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H.20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pi tat Constant
140
29.24
..308
89.169
1. 1
99
1017.878
188.3
29.21794
1303.353
4.7
13.9
81.4
26.53306
1
.84
A-27
-------
SOURCE:
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE ttll
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
ll-HCL-AO-02
08/07/85
0947-1057 1327-1409 1434-1502
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dsc-f)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(sc-f)
Vw gas (scm)
% moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs Cf pm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow (ac-f m)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
'/. I
'/. EA
62.53752
2.337463
8.878346
,2514348
9.71204
.9028796
29.308
28.20976
3982.068
1214.045
28147.64
797.1411
7431.124
210.4494
108.4498
183.1453
Program Revisions 1/16/841
A-28
-------
~TE:ST-
M5=I~ri~lOD
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST tt
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLEI
ll-HCL-AO-03
08/08/85
0837-1007 1315-1425
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure Cin.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.-ft.)
Pressure (in.H20)
Temperature (F)
dimension (sq.in.)
Stati c Pressure (in.K20)
Moisture Collected (gm>
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent CQ2
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DOM Factor
Pi tot Constant
Meter-
Meter
Stack
Stack
Stack
140
29. 13
.308
79. IS
.99
95.4
1017.873
1S5. 1
29.10794
1319.067
5
13.4
81.6-
25.38702
1
.84
A-29
-------
X J=*r*4
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE #11
AFTERBURNER OUTLET
ll-HCL-AO-03
QS/08/S5
0857-1007
PARAMETER
RESULT
VmCdscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(sc-f)
Vw gas (scm)
V. moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow (dsc-f m)
Flow(dscmm)
'/. I
•/. EA
73.46937
2.080653
S.727466
.2471618
10.61777
.8938223
29.336
28.13237
,3822.511
1165.4
27019.79
765.2005
6973.08
197.4776
102.3759
164.5706
Program Ravi si on:1/16/84 !
A-30
-------
APPENDIX A-5
AMBIENT AIR CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
A-31
-------
-------
T'EISST
]MiE£~r8Hio:D>
PLANT
PLANT SITE
S AMPL I NG LOG AT I ON
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SITE
AMBIENT BY
1 1 -AMB--B
S/6-8/85
INCINERATOR
< O925-1532)
PARAMETER
VALUE
Samp i i nq t i me < m i n . '<
Barometr i c Pressure < i n.Hq)
Samp ling nan 3 1 c- d i amet er (i n. >
Meter Vol ume < cu. -r t. )
Meter Pressure
Meter Temperature
Stack Moisture Collected 'IqiTi.'
Absolute stack pressure(in Hq•
Average stack temperature
-------
r
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DIOXIN SITE 4*1 1
AftEdENT BY INCINERATOR
11-AMB-A
3/6-8/35
(0925- J ^32 > < O84O-16OO) < OS45-112O./ 1145-1522 >
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dsc-f )
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(sc-f)
Vug 8508
1.58O561
.9341944
•28.84044
Program RevisJ on: j
A-34
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
I «==k (O845-112O./ 13 45-1522)
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling t i me < min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Ha)
Samp 1 i ng noz z 1 e d i ameter < i n . )
Met er Vo1ume < cu. Ft.)
Met.er Pr essur s (in. H2O)
Meter Temperature (F>
St. a c k ci i men s i on (sq. i n -. >
Stack" Static Pressure Un.H2O>
St ac k Mo i st ur e Collected
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature
Percent CO2
Percent O2
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
P i t. ot Con st an t
29.2
523.40O1
. 36
162.4
90
. OO1
•~1 •*
^ i
79
1. OO2
A-35
-------
PLANT
PLANT BITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
15
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
( OR4Q- 1 6O2 > < OS45- 1 1 20 / 1 1 45- 1 522 )
DIOXIN SITE
AMBIENT BY INCINERATOR
li-AMB-B
8/6-8/85
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm
Vw qas (scm)
"'. moisture
Md
MWd
4«?3. 1945
14.10887
S. 288
-------
APPENDIX B
PROCESS MONITORING DATA
B-l
-------
-------
TABLE B-l. OPERATING DATA, RUN 1
START
STOP
START
STOP
Time
9:30
9:32
9:45
10:00
10:15
10:30
10:45
11:00
11:15
11:30
13:30
14:00
14:15
14:30
14:45
15:00
15:15
15:30
AFTER-
BURNER
TEMP.
OF
NR
1600
1580
1570
1590
1580
1590
1590
1590
1580
1590
1590
1590
1580
1570
1410
1340
FURNACE
TEMP
OF
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1280
NR
1220
1140
1300
1100
1200
1100
1040
1000
DRUM
COUNT
0
30
53
92
130
164
193
222
249
266
0
39
65
89
142
174
191
191
AFTERBURNER GAS USAGE
TIME METER READING (cu.ft.)
9:30
9:48
10:05
10:21
11:03
14:01
14:26
15:02
15:33
0362500
0364700
0366780
0368610
0372780
0393480
0396330
0400010
0403760
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
NR = Not recorded
B-3
-------
TABLE B-2. OPERATING DATA, RUN 2
START
STOP
START
STOP
START
Time
9:30
9:35
9:45
10:00
10:15
10:30
10:45
11:00
11:15
11:25
11:30
13:20
13:29
13:30
13:45
14:00
14:16
14:30
14:45
15:00
15:15
15:30
AFTER-
BURNER
TEMP.
°F
1480
1480
1530
1580
1570
1590
1480
1480
1570
1500
1510
1600
1250
1020
1160
1560
1580
1590
1590
FURNACE
TEMP
°F
1000
NR
1100
970
NR
920
1100
1200
1300
980
1140
930
820
805
1160
1010
1040
1020
DRUM
COUNT
0
32
53
95
129
170
200
239
264
0
5
34
44
44
51
88
120
154
192
AFTERBURNER GAS USAGE
TIME METER READING (cu.ft.)
9:54
10:17
10:47
11:17
13:47
14:01
14:18
14:31
15:02
0429180
0432980
0435190
0439050
0456920
0458730
0460800
0462260
0465890
cu . f t .
cu . f t .
cu.ft.
cu . f t .
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
NR » Not recorded
B-4
-------
TABLE B-3. OPERATING DATA, RUN 3
START
STOP
START
STOP
Time
9:00
9:15
9:30
9:45
10:00
10:15
10:30
11:00
13:15
13:30
13:45
14:00
14:15
14:30
14:45
15:00
AFTER-
BURNER
TEMP.
F
1470
1540
1580
1580
1480
1610
1600
1590
1440
1500
1460
1510
1520
1490
1540
FURNACE
TEMP
F
780
820
1000
1140
NR
1240
NR
1120
1180
1260
1020
1160
NR
NR
1200
DRUM
COUNT
0
48
86
109
155
196
243
0
37
68
79
123
151
182
222
AFTERBURNER GAS USAGE
TIME METER READING (cu.ft.)
9:32
10:02
10:19
13:34
14:01
14:32
15:06
04928800
04958000
04971100
05221200
05254600
05292500
05335300
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
cu.ft.
NR = Not recorded
B-5
-------
TABLE B-4. DRUM SAMPLING LOG, RUN 1
DRUM SAMPLE LOG
TIGHT HEAD DRUMS (DEHEADED)
No.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
Description
clear liquid
red liquid
blue liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
—
pink liquid
pink liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
pink solid
clear liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
(oily)
clear liquid
clear liquid
empty
blue liquid
blue liquid
blue liquid
blue liquid
blue Tiquid
blue liquid
blue liquid
Approximate
Contents
2"
10 cc
100 cc
50 cc
1/2"
• none
1/2"
100 cc
100 cc
200 cc
200 cc
1/2"
none free
1 gallon
500 cc
500 cc
1000 cc
50 cc
200 cc
dry
1/2"
1/2"
1/2"
1/2"
1/2"
1/2"
1/2"
Label Comments
alcohol NOS
spray cologne
alcohol NOS
no label
tufflo 600c
1,1,1 TCE
lacquer base paint
lacquer base paint
perfume oil ash sample
propylene glycol bulk sample
triethanolamine 85% 0950
toluene E
lacquer base paint
tufflo 600c
isopropyl alcohol
1,2,4 TCB
85% triethanolamine
methanol
MEK
70% MEK 30% Toluene
TA lacquer
TA lacquer
TA lacquer
TA lacquer
TO lacquer (different than TA)
TA lacquer
TA lacquer
bulk sample
ash 1110
Finish running tight heads at 1120.
Start open heads 1125.
B-6
-------
TABLE B-4 (continued)
DRUM SAMPLE LOG
OPEN HEAD DRUMS
restart numbers
2nd port.
restart 1330 hours
No.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
Approximate
Description Contents
clear sticky
empty
green paint/ink
green ink
green ink
purple ink
empty
ink powder
ink
clean
black powder
clean dry
clean
clean
clean, thick
dark blue ink
dry
pink ink
clean thick
dry red ink/paint
dry orange paint
clean dry
r
200 cc
100 cc
1 liter
1/2"
clean
100 cc
1 liter
1/8"
3/4"
2 gallons
1 liter
1/2"
Label Comments
None 1330
ash
nearly dried
1335
dried
1350-1405 feed stop
very small amount solids
1415
ash
1440
strong odor
Rhodamine 1455
1500 ash
bulk
stopped 1520-1540
end list 1530 hours.
B-7
-------
TABLE B-5. DRUM SAMPLING LOG, RUN 2
Start feeding openheads @ 0815 Start Run 2: 0920 hours
No.
0
10
20
30
40
41
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
Description of Approximate
Contents Contents Label
Comments
dry, clean 0 prior contents- juice None From yard storage
dry, clean 0
dry, clean prior contents-juice citromato
dry, clean prior contents- juice citromato
dry, clean prior contents-juice citromato 0935 ash 9:47
begin tight heads
— TA Lacquer —
blue liquid 2 gallons Pt Lacquer
white emulsion 2 liters depanning compound
white emulsion 1 gallon depanning compound
white emulsion 1 gallon depanning compound
clear liquid 1/2 liter Bakewell k-machine
no residue (free) methanol
clear liquid 1 gallon methyl cellusolve
blue liquid 1 liter ML Lacquer
blue liquid 1/2 liter TO Lacquer
blue liquid 1/2 liter (semi-
dried) TA Lacquer
clear liquid 1 gallon MEK
blue liquid 1/2 liter (semi-
dried) HG Lacquer
brown liquid 1 liter no label
stop open head
begin 0950
oil
acetate
(ethyl ene
monomethyl
ether acetate
(MEK base)
(1035 ash)
1045 hrs.
B-3
-------
TABLE B-5. DRUM SAMPLING LOG, RUN 2 (continued)
No.
180
190
200
210
220
230
239
240
250
260
264
Description of
Contents
dark liquid
blue paint
clear liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
thick gel
blue paint
clear liquid
blue paint
clear liquid
Approximate
Contents
1/2 liter
1/2 liter
1/2 liter
100 cc
100 cc
50 cc w/solids
1 liter
2 liters
1/2 liter
2 liters
2 liters
Label
Isobutanol
Hq lacquer
AHCOWET-DQ114
hexame
santicizer-120
(Butyl benzyl
PHthalate)
MONDUR CB 75
ML Lacquer
methyl cellusolve
Hq lacquer
Mark Stabilizer
Comments
break 1045-1050
(nonionic
surfactant
aromatic polyisocycm
(Barium/Cadmium
/Zinc
B-9
-------
TABLE B-5. DRUM SAMPLING LOG, RUN 2 (continued)
Start 2nd half of run 1320 hours
Start drum count/sampling 1325 hours
No.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
Description of
Contents
red paint or ink
red paint or ink
white ink
red ink
red ink
red ink
line
white ink
white ink
black solid
white ink
Resin solvent
Black ink
unknown
Blue ink
ink
*
Approximate
Contents
dry
sampled dry
dry
stopped 1345-1425
dried ink
*
Label
none
Adcote 335 M
LAMOL 408-40
LAMOL T-8
LAMOL T-8
LAMOL 408-40
408-40
LAMOL 408-40
ADCOTE 35M
end test 2
Comments
lids isolated on
most dry
contents cannot
sample
(1345 ash)
1530 hours outlet
1535 inlet
200 last drum in
B-10
-------
TABLE B-6. DRUM SAMPLING LOG, RUN 3
Burn open heads
Start run 0855. Drum count start delayed until start of paint drums: Did not
sample to count - 50 juice drums in test at 0915
No.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
Description of Approximate
Contents Contents
paint avg. contents
paint 1/2 pt.
paint
paint
paint
paint
paint
paint
ink
paint
paint
orange ink
unknown
orange ink
paint
paint
wood filler
paint
paint
paint
paint
paint
paint
paint
paint
Label
Polycron Bronze
Polycron Bronze
Polycron Bronze
Polycron Bronze
Polycron Bronze
Polycron Bronze
Polycron Bronze
Polycron Bronze
Bronze
White Prolam
Comments
high solids
white interspersed
-1 of 10 contents
burn vigorously
1000 ash
1030 ash
1100 ash
B-ll
-------
TABLE B-6. DRUM SAMPLING LOG, RUN 3 (continued)
Start run 1315 hours
Tighthead drums
No.
Description of
Contents
Approximate
Contents
Label
Comments
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
200 ml
white liquid
white liquid in
blue solid
oily liquid
ICONOL NP 4
clear oily liquid
clear liquid
clear liquid
brown oil
clear liquid
none
dirty liquid
dry
dirty liquid
dirty liquid
dirty liquid
clear oily liquid
clear oily liquid
clean dry
rusty surface
by outline
milky emulsion
rusty
dry clean
dirty liquid
end tight head
start paint (open
yellow pigment
paint
adhesive
50 ml
100 ml
500 ml
2 liters
1 liter
1/2 liter
1 liter
50 cc
dry
1/2 liter
100 ml
200 ml
1 gallon
1/2 liter
100 cc
50 cc
1 liter
no label
LASSO
LASSO
LASSO
surfactant
ICONOL NP 4
MARK-4 stabilizer
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
no label
start lasso #2
39 end lasso
ash 1335
these drums were
labeled on lid
is disposed of
before sample
station
ash 1410
1435 ash
head)
end
1505 ash
259 1515
1515 ash
B-12
-------
APPENDIX C
CEM DATA
C-l
-------
-------
Table C-l. CEM Data Corrected to 3% 02, Run 1.
#»
**
**
**
**
»*
»•»
*•»
FACTOR
FOR 3V. 02
NORMALIZATION
OF
OTHER PROCESS
GASES
=3=3S=382=:=3:=
*»
**
»*
»»
•»•«•
**
**
*»
NORMALIZED / CORRECTED DATA - WITH ACTUAL 02 *
*•»
•**
**
»*
**
**
*«
#•»
*»
•»*
**
**
»*
2.6508
2.3601
1.9922
2.3457
2.2068
2.2290
2.4999
2.2754
2.2639
2.467B
2.1809
2.2S31
2.1482
2.3162
2.1241
2.089S
2.3407
2.2261
2.6001
2.2533
2.0705
2.0765
2.6691
1.9710
2.3927
2.4254
2.6186
2.4184
2.4340
2. 4821
2.3704
2.3136
2.3956
2.1321
2.4222
2.2041
2.1795
3.5182
3.5807
1.9421
2.3117
2.2092
2.9299
.2.3528
2.1674
2.2908
2. 3288-•
2.2831
2.2645
2. 2327
*•»
**
**
**
#»
»*
»•»
**
**
**
»»
»*
**
#»
»*
#»
**
**
*#
#*
»*
**
**
**
•»•»
*»
*»
**
»*
**
**
**
**
*•»
ME
920
925,
930
935
940
945
950
955
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1035
1100
1105
1110
1115
1120
1123
1130
1133
1140
1145
1150
1155
1310
1315
1320
1323
1330
1335
1340
1345
1330
1335
1400
1403
1410
1415
1420
1423
1430
1433
02
(V.V)
14.1
12.2
11.9
13.3
12.8
12.9
13.7
13.0
13.0
13.6
12.7
13.0
12.6
13.2
12.5
12.3
13.3
12.9
14.0
13.0
12.3
12.3
14.2
11.8
13.4
13.5
14.1
13.5
13.5
13.7
13.3
13.2
13.4
12.3
13.5
12.3
12.7
15.3
15.9
11.7
13.2
12.8
14.3
13.3
12.6
13.1
13.3
13. 1
13.0
12.9
CO
(PPMV)
a 37. 02 a
114.7
272.7
270.3
281.8
216.3
335.6
205.2
170.4
169.1
173.1
140.4
119.2
153.7
70.2
134.7
130.9
182.1
94.8
395.3
172.1
211.6
316.9
378. 1
289.4
285.2
239. 3
222.0
264.5
291.1
162.7
334.9
253.0
123.8
95.4
73.9
94.6
786.6
530.5
334.9
242.3
184.8
583.6
445.7
166.4
238.4
310.8
432.9
418.3
375.6
C02
(XV)
3V. 02 G
12.2
11.5
11.1
11.2
11.2
11.0
10.9
11.0
11.2
11.0
11.2
11. 1
11.1
11.1
11.7
11.5
11.7
11.4
11.2
12.3
12.0
11.3
11.6
12.2
13.6
11.3
11.1
11.1
11.3
11.7
11.6
11.7
11.7
11.4
12.4
11.6
11.6
9.9
12.1
12.0
12.3
11.9
10.3
13. 1
12.4
12.1
13.0
12.2
12.2
13.0
302 NOX THC
(PPMV) (PPMV) (PPMV)
1 3V. 02 a 3V. 02 a 3V. 02
15.5
30.4
136.2
57.5
53.2
42.3
26.2
21.7
11.2
22.1
20.7
19.7
26.0
28.7
52.0
40.7
16.3
12.2
7.0
5.4
16.5
13.6
3.8
13. 1
6.3
6.9
4.9
6.6
O.S
13.3
14.0
1. 1
4.4
12.3
3. 1
5.4
9.4
125.9
127.4
127.0
118.7
112.4
111.4
108.9
117.7
109.7
134.5
123.0
127.3
133.9
116.2
113.1
127.8
113.9
108.3
105.5
101. 1
92.8
89.5
109.9
91.3
95.1
103.1
113.2
117.4-
116.3
113.3
120.4
110.7
126.8
133.9
153.8
172.3
158.1
158.0
143.5
176.5
180.7
173.2
156.5
168.5
184.9
154.4
156.9
182.5
179.4
169.8
2.6
2. 1
2.2
2.0
1.9
2. 1
"•* . 3
2.2
2.1
2.3
2. 1
2. 1
1.9
2. 1
3.3
6.6
4. 1
5.0
5.5
3.5
4.2
4.4
3.6
4.6
4.4
3.8
3. 1
2.9
2.3
2.2
3.2
2.2
0.4
0.7
1.7
3.2
0.6
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.3
0.9
0.3
1.3
1. 1
1.4
1.6
CEMS DATA - SITE 11 - TEST 1
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STO. DEV.
2.3791
2.4697
2.3602
2.3299
2.4334
55
2.3577
0.3
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
13.4
13.7
13.3
13.2
13.6
55
13.2
0.8
339.9
328.9
180.1
302.4
224.8
54
261.9
137.4
12.0
11.3
12.5
12.3
12.2
55
11.7
0.7
0.9
=========
38
21.9
23.9
142.4
143.9
156.7
139.8
146.5
55
133.3
26.1
1.3
1.6
2.0
1.3
2.0
52
2.4
1.3
C-3
-------
Table C-2. CEM Data Corrected to 3% CL, Run 2.
NORMALIZED / CORRECTED DATA - WITH ACTUAL 02 *
TIME
910
915
920
925
930
935
940
945
950
955
1000
1005
1010
1015
10Z0
1025
1030
1035
1040
1045
10S0
1055
1100
1105
1110
1115
1120
1125
1130
1135
1140
1145
1150
1155
1200
1255
1300
1305
1310
1315
1320
1325
1330
1335
1340
1345
1350
" ' 1355
1400
1405
1410
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
1455
1500
1505
1510
1515
1520
0
0
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
02
(XV)
13.2
13.6
14.2
13. B
13.7
14.2
13.9
13.9
13.2
14.0
12.3
14.4
13.0
12.2
12.6
14.0
11.9
13. S
13. 0
15.6
14.6
13.9
13.7
14.5
14.2
12. S
12.7
13.4
14.4
16.0
13.3
12. S
13.9
13.9
14.4
14.7
14.8
15.1
13.4
13.2
13.5
13.1
11.2
13.5
12.7
14.0
17.2
17.3
17.3
17.4
17.4
17.7
16.0
13.7
12.5
11.7
13.0
12.9
12.7
13.1
13.3
13.4
12.5
13.1
12.7
13.1
13.4
67
13.9
1.4
CO
(PPMV)
a 3V. 02 a
374.5
301.6
343.0
361.8
298.4
272.0
185.2
330.2
207.9
208.4
95.7
159.1
95.9
105.1
81.0
•35.2
58.0
236.2
49.2
444.2
77.7
56.5
243.4
213.1
278.0
54.5
182.1
520.4
248.8
79.3
166.4
176.5
311.3
666.1
772.9
497.9
247.8
304.8
337.9
331.8
317.3
268.6
109.8
582.9
793.8
479.9
912.9
779.0
583.6
264.0
106.1
92.0
21.8
8.7
82.8
245.2
157.4
81.4
50.2
32.2
268.5
61
266.4
209.8
C02
C/.V)
3V. 02
11.2
10.9
11.3
10.9
11. 1
11.6
10.9
11.0
11.0
11.3
11.8
10.5
11.5
12.1
12.2
11.0
13.0
13.9
12.2
10.9
11.8
11.7
11.9
11.2
11.9
12.5
12.6
12.1
11.5
11.4
12.3
12.3
11.4
tl.7
11. a
11.5
10.7
11.9
12.2
12.1
12. 1
12.4
12.5
13.3
12.2
10.9
11.6
12.3
11.9
12.1
11.9
10.9
13.8
12.4
12.1
13.5
11.8
11.8
13.0
12.4
11.7
12.9
12.9
12.3
13.0
12.6
11.6
67
11.9
0.8
302 NOX
(PPMV) (PPMV)
8 3V. 02 3 3V. 02
119.5
124.5
123.3
123.1
114.8
127.0
129.3
122.1
102.0
109.9
116.2
109.7
111.3
103.0
52.9 106.1
107.9
46.1 115.5
14.1 124.7
4.7 121.2
125.8
131.2
119.5
108.9
110.4
115.0
140.5
105.3
109.5
122.0
112.5
112.0
107.7
101.5
95.8
91.4
106.4
95.4
93.6
126.0
4.3 143.4
165.1
146.5
6.4 163.3
157.9
169.2
165.0
119.0
103.9
95.7
92.2
88.4
86.3
169.2
171.6
174.7
161.7
157.6
194.2
207.1
171.5
166.6
184.1
200.3
188.5
182.5
186.5
156.5
6 67
21.4 131.3
20.2 31.6
THC
(PPMV)
a 3v. 02
3.6
2.9
2.9
2.3
1.9
2.2
3.5
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.5
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.6
2.0
1.7
7.3
2.2
2. 1
1.6
2. 1
2.4
2.0
1.9
2.3
2.8
7.6
2.7
2.S
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.2
1.2
0.4
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.7
1.0
1.4
30.8
43.1
51.3
49.7
46.6
70.3
33.1
2.7
2.6
7.7
1.8
9.1
8.9
9.3
9.4
8.9
8.5
2.1
1.5
1.6
2.0
67
7.5
14. 1
C-4
-------
Table C-3. CEM Data Corrected to 3% 00, Run 3.
** FACTOR
*•» FOR 3X 02
•* NORMALIZATION
** OF
** OTHER PROCESS
** GASES '
»*
»* S=
**
**
**
»#
**
»»
**
*•»
*#
*»
*»
•»*
•»*
+*
**
»*
*»
*•»
**
**
*#
»»
•»»
*»
»•»
•*•»
**
»*
**
»»
»»
»»
*#
»*
**
»*
**•
•»•*
*#
»*
**
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
1 . 8527
1 . 8877
2.4385
2.0497
1 . 856S
2.3340
2.0297
3. 1844
1.8958
2. 0097
1.9515
1 . 9342
2.2214
2. 0337
2. 3697
2. 2726
3.8754
2. 7496
2.3018
2.6569
2.8575
2. 4638
2.3450
3.8384
2.6799
2.4982
2. 5269
2. 5364
2.7710
2.5884
2.6838
2.7238
2. 6986
2.6383
2.8747
2.3987
2.6074
2:5737
2.0586
2.2872
2. 1785
41
2.4672 '
0.5
»•»
**
•»*
**
**
*•»
**
*»
»•»
**
»*
*»
•»*
»•»
**
*•»
*•»
**
**
•»*
**
•»*
*#
»*
#*
*•»
**
**
**
»*
**
»#
**
*•»
**
*»
**
»*
•»*
»*
**
-»*
**
*•»
**
*•»
**
**
•»*
NORrtALi-zen / CORRECTED DATA - W.TH ACTUAL 02 •
TIME 02 CO C02 S02 NOX THC
(PPMV) (XV) (PPMV) (PPMV) (PPMV)
a 3V. 02 a 3V. 02 a 3v. 02 a 3V. 02 a 3V. 02
920
925
930
935
940
945
950
935
1000
1005
1010
1013
1020
1043
1050
1055
1100
1320
1325
1330
1335
1340
1345
1350
1355
1400
1403
1410
1415
1420
1425
1430
1435
1440
1445
1450
14S5
1300
1305
1510
1515
NO. PTS.
MEAN
STD. DEV.
11.2
11.4
13.6
12.2
11.3
13.2
12.1
15.3
11.5
12.0
11.7
11.6
12.8
12.1
13.3
13.0
16.3
14.4
13.7
14.2
14.6
13.6
13.9
16.2
14.2
13.7
13.8
13.8
14.4
14.0
14.2
14.3
14.3
14.2
14.7
13.4
14.0
13.9'
12.2
13.1
12.T
41
13.4
1.2
124.2
93.7
286.5
144.8
108.0
269.3
121.2
409.9
114.0
131.8
183.7
69.8
217.3
247.2
253.3
343.6
665.1
3.1
263.4
31.9
19.7
203.6
306. 1
32.9
53.7
34.5
35. 1
J27.2
28
173.0
142.5
11.8
12.6
11. 1
13.3
12.4
10.8
12.5
11.2
12.0
12.2
12.5
11.7
13.0
12.3
13.0
11.6
10.2
11.8
ll'.S
11.5
11.4
11.8
10.8
11.4
11.7
11.9
11.6
11.8
11.5
11.5
11.2
11.4
11.0
11.8
12.4
11.7
11.1
11.7
12.5
12.9
12.5
41
11.8
0.7
24.1
22.5
15.6
13.7
19.6
23.6
11.3
2.7
8.3
12.3
12.8
28.9
7.1
3.8
6.4
23. 1
0.6
9.0
19.8
1.7
20
13.4
8.3
190.5
176.6
74.5
115.4
96.3
77. 8
93.1
139.7
169.0
191.8
201.9
197.2
189.3
177.4
163.8
166.0
205.3
100.6
124.9
131.4
130.4
114.2
111.5
114.7
105.0
109.9
103. 1
88.1
90.2
97.9
89.6
90.3
98.2
99.8
92.5
112.1
117.9
136.7
163. 1
185.6
138.0
41
131.0
39.0
0.9
1. 1
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.4
2.2
1.0
1.2
0.8
0.7
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.1
2.9
3.7
5.0
1.8
1.3
1.2
0.8
68.8
76.0
71.2
1.9
1.2
1. 1
0.8
1. 1
3.5
5.9
S.3
1.2
0.8
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.2
41
6.8
18.4
CO, C02, SQ2, NOx and THC values arm corradct«d to 3V. 02.
To obtain actual measured values, divide values in the
table by the corresponding normalisation -factor.
C-5
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
SAMPLE SHIPPING LETTERS
D-l
-------
-------
August S, 1985
U.S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Building 11O5
Bay St. Louis, MS 39529
Attention:
Subj ect:
Dear Sir:
Danny McDaniel
Tier 4 - Analysis Instructions
objective of this letter is to clarify instructions and priorities f
individual samples -from specific Tier 4 combustion sites. This instruction
letter is No. 15 and pertains to EPA Site No. 11.
The Episode No. is 2672, and SCC numbers assigned to this site were numb
DQOO29OO through DQOO2999.
SCC numbers DQOO2901 through DQOO29O6 have been assigned to Troika -for
internal QA/QC purposes. SCC numbers DQO029O7 through DQOO293O have been
assigned to samples included in this shipment. DQOO2931 and DQOO2932 have
been assigned to the bioassay samples sent to EPA-Duluth. All remaining SCC
numbers are unused.
The sample shipment for EPA Site No. 11 (DBR-A) consists of 6 boxes
containing 66 samples. The boxes were shipped under Federal Express
Airbill Nos. 77O332732 and 082466473.
Instructions for extraction and analysis follow.
1. Priority #1 samples include the sample train components, the bottom ash,
scrubber effluent samples, the lab proof blank, and the reagent blanks.
These samples require immedi.ate_extractign and analysis.
MM5 TRAIN SAMPLES
Radian Run # 1i-MM5-AO-G1 (Total of 6 train components)
SCC No. ' Container Ec.acti.on
DOOO29O7
DQOO29O7
DQ002907
DQOO29O7
DQOO29O7
DQOO29O7
1
2
3
4
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
D-3
-------
U. S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Pagg two
August S, 1985
Radian Run ft 11-MM5-AI-O1 (Total o-f
No. Container
6 train components)
Fraction
DQQG29OS
DQOO29O8
DQOO29O8
DQOO29O8
DQ0029O8
DQOO29O8
1
2
3
4
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Hal-f/Coil Rin|
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
Radian Run # 11-MM5-AO-02 (Total o-f 6 train components)
DQOO2922
DQ002922
DQOO2922
DQ002922
DQOO2922
DD002922
1
2
3
4
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Hal-f/Coil Rinj
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
Radian Run tt 11-MM5-AI-02 (Total of 6 train components)
DQOO292O
DQ002920
DQOO292O
DQOO292O
DQOO292O
DQOO292O
1
2
3
4
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Hal-f/Coil Rii
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
Radian Run ft 11-MM5-AO-03 (Total o-f 6 train components)
DDOO2919
DDOO2919
DQ002919
DQOO2919
DQOO2919
DQ002919
1
2
3
4
5
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Hal-f/Coil Rii
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
D-4
-------
U. S. EPA ECC Toxleant Analysi'
Page three
August S, 19S5
Center
Radian Run # 11-MM5-AI-03 (Total o-f 6 train components)
DQOO292&
DQ00292&
DQOO2926
DQO02926
DQOO292&
DQ002926
FIELD BLANKS
Radian Run # 11-MM5-AO-BL
DQOO2924
DQ002924
DQ002924
DQ002924
DQOO2924
DQOO2924
Radian Run # 11-MM5-AI-BL
DOOO2925
DQ002925
DQOO2925
DQOO2925
DQOO2925
DQOO2925
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Hal-f/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Hal-F/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
Filter
Probe Rinse
Back Hal-f/Coil Rinse
Condensate
Impinger Solution
XAD Module
AMBIENT TRAIN
Radian Run # 11-AMB-A (Total o-f 2 train components)
DQO02917
DQOO2917
Container
1
Fra.cti.gn
XAD Module
Probe Rinse
LABORATORY PROOF BLANK
Radian Sample Code: 11-MM5-LAB/PR
SCC_No.
DQOO2913
DQ002913
DQO0291:
1
2
Fraction
Filter
Probe Rinse,
Back Hal-f/Coil Rinse
and Impinger Soln.
XAD Module
D-5
-------
U. S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Page -four
August 8, 1985
REAGENT BLANKS
Radian Sample Code: 11-RBL
DQ002914
DQ002915
DQOO2916
HPLC grade water blank
Acetone blank
Methylene chloride blank
FURNACE INLET BOTTOM ASH - PROCESS SAMPLE
Radian Sample Code: 11-FIA
SCC_Ng.
DQ002911
DQOO2923
DQOO2927
Ash, Run Ol
Ash, Run 02
Ash, Run O3
FURNACE OUTLET BOTTOM ASH - PROCESS SAMPLE
Radian Sample Code: 11-FOA
DQOO2912
DQ002921
DQOO292S
Ash, Run 01
Ashj Run O2
Ash, Run O3
2. The Drum" Residues and drum coatings are Priority #2 samples. The sal
should be held at Troika pending the results o-f the Priority #1 sampj
DRUM RESIDUES - PROCESS SAMPLE
Radian Sample Code: 11-DR-A
SCCjsjg.
DQOO29G9 Drum residues, Run Ol
DQOO2918 Drum residues, Run 02
DDOO2929 Drum residues. Run 03
D-6
-------
U. S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
Page -five
August 8, 1984
DRUM COATINGS- PROCESS SAMPLE
Radian Sample Code: 11-DC-A
SCC No. Sample
DQOO2910 Drum residues, one sample for entire test
3. The soil sample is a Priotity #3 sample. This sample will be held at
Radian pending results or Priority #1 and Priority #2 analysis. The SC
number -for this sample is DQOO2930 and the Radian sample code is 11-S.
I-f any questions arise concerning this sample shipment, please contact
either Winton Kelly or Mike Hartman at Radian Corporation at (919) 541-91OO.
Sincerely,
Winton Kelly
FIELD ENGINEER
cc: E. Hanks/EPA/AMTB
A. Miles/Radian
Radian Field File - RTP/PPK
D-7
-------
August 3, 19S5
Dr. Douglas Kuehl
EPA/ERL
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, Minnesota 55804
Dear Dr. Kuehl:
Enclosed are the ash samples you requested through William B.
Kuykendal, EPA/OAQPS-RTP in his August 16, 19Q4 letter to Andrew J.
Miles/Radian Corporation. The ash samples were collected at Site 11 as
part of the emissions test being conducted under Tier 4 of the National
Dioxin Study. .Site 11 is a steel drum burning -furnace with an afterburner
emission control system.
The ash samples are 5 Ib composites o-f -furnace inlet and outlet bottt
ash collected during the three test days. The ash was collected from the
furnace inlet and outlet ash pits. The samples are labeled as follows:
FURNACE INLET BOTTOM ASH
Radian Run # 11-FIA
SCC # DQOO2931
Sample description:
test run) of furnace
FURNACE OUTLET BOTTOM ASH
5 Ib composite
bottom ash.
(1/3 collected
Radian Run # 11-FOA
SCC # DOOO2932
Sample description: 5 Ib composite (1/3 collected
test run) of furnace bottom ash.
The sample containers were prepared as detailed in the "National
Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources, Quality Assurance Project Plan"
The report is" ah appendix to the site specific test plan for Site 11 whict
has been enclosed to supply any additional information you may require
concerning these samples.
If you have any questions concerning this sample shipment, please
contact either Andrew Miles or Winton Kelly at Radian Corporation at (919)
541-9100.
Sincerely,
Wintan Kelly
FIELD ENGINEER
cc: A. Miles/Radian
Radian Field File - RTP/PPK
D-8
-------
August 8, 1985
Mr. Larry Mutschler
Radian Analytical Services
3501 Mo-Pac Blvd. (Loop 1)
P.O. Box 9948
Austin, Texas 78766
Dear Larry:
The purpose o-f this letter is to clari-fy analytical instructions
for Tier 4 -field samples shipped to Radian Analytical Services in Batch
No. RAS-14. These samples are on Federal Express Airbill
No. 082466484, shipped on August 8, 1985.
Batch No. RAS-14 consists of 22 samples. The samples are -from a Drum
and Barrel Reconditioning Furnace. Please analyze these samples -for total
chloride by ion chromatography. The drum coatings and drum residue samples
(Field # 19, 41, 76, 79) will require Parr Bomb procedures prior to ion
chromatography analysis. Please per-form duplicate analysis on all samples
as indicated by an asterisk in Table 1. The charge number -for the analysis
is 222-1O9-02-O9.
If you have any questions regarding these analytical instructions.
please call Mike Hartman at (919) 481-0212 or Winton Kelly at
(919) 541-91OO. Please advise on the expected analytical schedule as
soon as possible by return mail.
Sincerely, *
Winton Kelly
Field Engineer
JM/djb
cc: Field Files
Andrew Miles, Radian/RTP
Bill Kuykendal,' EPA/AMTB
Mike Hartman, Radian/RTP
Jim McGaughey, Radian/PPK
D-9
-------
Table 1. Sample Codes and Analytical Instructions
•for RAS-14 Sample Shipment
Sample Code
Field No.
Analytical Requirements
AUDIT SAMPLES
ll-RAS-CL-6*
ll-RAS-CL-7*
il-RAS-CL-8*
ll-RAS-CL-9*
ll-RAS-CL-10*
CH-1
CH-2
CH-3
CH-4
CH-5
Analyse -for total Chlori
Analyse for total Chlori
Analyse -for total Chlori
Analyse -for total Chlori
Analyse -For total Chlori
HCL TRAINS
ll-HCl-01-F
ll-HCl-01-PR
ll-HCl-01-IR
11-HCL-02-F
11-HCL-02-PR
11-HCL-02-IR
11-HCL-03-F
11-HCL-03-PR
11-HCL-03-IR
PROCESS SAMPLES
Drum Coatings
11-DC-C
Drum Residues
ll-DR-01-C
11-DR-02-C
11-DR-03-C
REAGENT BLANKS
NaOH Reagent Blank
11-RBL-NaOH-A
CH-32
CH-33
CH-34
CH-54
CH-55
CH-56
CH-80
CH-81
CH-82
CH-7&
CH-19
CH-41
CH-79
Analyse for total Chlorii
Analyse for total Chlorii
Analyse for total Chlorii
Analyse for total Chlor:
Analyse for total Chlor:
Analyse for total Chlor:
Analyse for total Chlor:
Analyse for total Chlor:
Analyse for total Chlor:
Analyse for total Chlori
Analyse for total Chlor]
Analyse for total Chlor:
Analyse for total Chlor:
CH-1O
Analyse for total Chlor:
* Duplicate Analysis Requested
DrlO
-------
APPENDIX E
DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA
E-l
-------
-------
TABLE E-l. DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR
MM5 TRAINS AT THE AFTERBURNER INLET
Isomer/Homologue
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
TOTAL CDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
TOTAL CDF
Run 01
20400
70500
106800
103800
583800
216900
1102200
59100
796100
691600
177800
541600
174500
2440700
Amount Detected
Picoarams Per Train
Run 02
13300
45600
39700
25800
10700
9000
144100
«
50500
500900
254250
46800
19500
4500
876450
Run 03
9500
78600
118800
204900
203100
44400
659300
48200
1018300
638100
349600
198000
46800
3966281
E-3
-------
TABLE E-2. DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR
MM5 TRAINS AT THE AFTERBURNER OUTLET
Isomer/Homologue
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
TOTAL PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
TOTAL PCDD
Run 01
100
2400
2200
2000
3600
2000
12300
2400
25300
14900
7400
5100
1400
56500
Amount Detected
Picoarams Per Train
Run 02
40
1260
400
600
1100
1100
4500
800
21650
6500
3200
2100
600
34850
Run 03
100
1800
700
1050
1300
1100
6050
900
18400
6950
3050
2000
500
31800
E-4
-------
APPENDIX F
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
F-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX F-l
FURNACE OUTLET EXHAUST DUCT RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
(As-measured concentrations)
-F-3
-------
-------
TABLE F-l. FURNACE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR
RUN 1, SITE DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
4.
1.
2.
2.
1.
5.
98E+00
72E+01
60E+01
53E+01
42E+02
29E+01
2.69E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.72E-01
1.28E+00
1.76E+00
1.56E+00
8.06E+00
2.77E+00
1.58E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.34E+01
1.15E+02
1.75E+02
1.70E+02
9.56E+02
3.55E+02
1.80E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.
1,
1.
4.
1.
4,
44E+01(
94E+02(
69E+02(
34E+01(
32E+02(
26E+01(
5.95E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7,
2,
13E+00(
53E+01
19E+01
2.78E+00
77E+00
31E+00(
4.12E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9.68E+01
1.30E+03
.13E+03
.91E+02
8.87E+02
2.86E+02
1,
2.
4.00E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
N/A =
ng
ug
dete?ted (detection limit in parentheses).
caDaab ?i?fen ^ ^^UeS ?re P°Slt1ve- <
1 OE-09g nnnimum limits of detection.
1.0E-06g
n Par!- P6r trill1on> dry volume basis
operating hours per year
F-5
-------
TABLE F-2.
RlTno EMISSIONS DATA FOR
RUN 2, SITE DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
3.06E+00
1.05E+01
9.15E+00
5.94E+00
2.47E+00
2.07E+00
3.32E+01
l.'l5E+02(
5.86E+OH
1.08E+01(
4.49E+00(
1.04E+00(
2.02E+02
( N/A )
; N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A
N/A )
N/A )
2.29E-01
7.85E-01
6.18E-01
3.66E-01
1.40E-01
1.08E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
[ N/A
( N/A ;
2.25E+00
9.15E-01(
9.07E+00
4.14E+00
6.92E-01
2.64E-01
5.62E-02
N/A )
N/A )
N/A
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
1.51E+01
2.37E+01
8.13E+01
7.07E+01
4.60E+01
1.91E+01
1.60E+01
2.57E+02
9.00E+01
8.93E+02
4.53E+02
8.34E+01
3.47E+01
8.02E+00
1.56E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
gjTS^,i*a?i2.15!«.!«.p«««!«««).
1.0E-06g
""*«•
*r1111on»
1536 operating hours per year
basis
F-6
-------
TABLE F-3. FURNACE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR
RUN 3, SITE DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.
2.
3.
5.
5.
1.
1.
1.
2.
1.
9.
5.
1.
6.
49E+00(
06E+01(
11E+01(
36E+01(
32E+01(
16E+01(
73E+02
26E+01(
67E+02(
67E+02(
15E+01(
18E+01(
23E+01(
02E+02
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
1
1
2
3
3
6
1
9
2
1
5
3
6
4
.86E-01
.54E+00
.10E+00
.30E+OOI
.01E+OOI
.08E-01I
.07E+01
.92E-01I
.10E+01
.18E+01
.87E+00
.05E+00
.64E-01
.34E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
; N/A
; N/A
[ N/A
[ N/A
[ N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
}
j
)
j
)
)
)
1
1
1
3
3
7
1
7
1
1
5
3
7
3
.56E+01
.29E+02
.95E+02
.36E+02
.33E+02
.29E+01
.08E+03
.91E+01
.67E+03
.05E+03
.74E+02
.25E+02
.68E+01
.77E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND =
N/A =
ng =
ug =
ppt =
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable when test values are positive. QA samples indicate
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
1536 operating hours per year
F-7
-------
-------
APPENDIX F-2
AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
(As-measured concentrations)
-F-9
-------
-------
TABLE F-4. AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
FOR RUN 1, SITE DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.86E-02
6.86E-01
6.29E-01
5.71E-01
1.03E+00!
5.71E-01I
3.51E+00
6.86E-01
7.23E+00
4.26E+00
2.11E+00
1.46E+OOi
4.00E-01i
1.61E+01
[ N/A
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
: N/A )
[ N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
k N/A )
k N/A )
2.13E-03
5.12E-02
4.25E-02
3.52E-02
5.82E-02
2.99E-02
2.19E-01
5.39E-02I
5.68E-01I
3.01E-01
1.36E-01
8.57E-02
2.17E-02
1.17E+00
( N/A )
; N/A )
N/A )
! N/A )
; N/A )
( N/A )
[ N/A )
: N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
3.09E-01
7.41E+00
6.79E+00
6.17E+00
1.11E+01
6.17E+00
3.80E+01
7.41E+00
7.81E+01
4.60E+01
2.28E+01
1.57E+01
4.32E+00
1.74E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND =
N/A =
ng =
ug =
ppt
not detected {detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable when test values are positive. QA samples indicate
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
1536 operating hours per year
F--11
-------
TABLE F-5. AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
FOR RUN 2, SITE DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations)
D1ox1n/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.10E-02
3.47E-01
1.10E-01
1.65E-01
3.03E-01
3.03E-01I
1.24E+00
2.20E-01
5.96E+00
1.79E+00
8.82E-01
5.79E-01
1.65E-01
9.60E+00
N/A )
N/A ]
N/A ;
N/A j
N/A ;
[ N/A )
( N/A ]
; N/A ;
; N/A ;
N/A
; N/A ;
( N/A ]
8.23E-04
2.59E-02
7.45E-03
1.02E-02
1.72E-02
1.58E-02
7.74E-02
1.73E-02
4.69E-01
1.27E-01
5.66E-02
3.40E-02
I 8.96E-03
7.12E-01
N/A ]
N/A ;
N/A
N/A
N/A ;
N/A ]
( N/A
; N/A
; N/A
! N/A
; N/A
( N/A
1.30E-01
4.10E+00
1.30E+00
1.95E+00
3.58E+00
3.58E+00
1.46E+01
> 2.60E+00
i 7.04E+01
2.11E+01
1.04E+01
6.83E+00
1.95E+00
1.13E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - Not applicable when test values are positive. QA samples indicate
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug » 1.0E-06g .
ppt - parts per trillion, dry volume basis
1536 operating hours per year
F-12
-------
TABLE F-6.
AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
FOR RUN 3, SITE DBR-A (As-measured Concentrations)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isoraer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCOF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.58E-02( N/A
4.64E-01( N/A
1.80E-OH N/A
2.71E-01( N/A
3.35E-01( N/A
2.84E-01( N/A
1.56E+00
2.32E-01( N/A ]
4.74E+00( N/A
1.79E+00( N/A
7.86E-01( N/A
5.15E-01( N/A
1.29E-01( N/A -
8.20E+00
) 1.93E-03( N/A
) 3.47E-02( N/A
1.22E-02( N/A
1.66E-02( N/A
) 1.90E-02( N/A
) 1.48E-02( N/A
9.92E-02
1 1.82E-02( N/A
> 3.73E-01( N/A
1.27E-OH N/A
5.04E-02( N/A
3.03E-02( N/A
6.98E-03( N/A
6.06E-01
) 3.11E-01
) 5.59E+00
) 2.17E+00
) 3.26E+00
) 4.04E+00
) 3.42E+00
1.88E+01
) 2.80E+00
) 5.72E+01
2.16E+01
9.48E+00
6.21E+00
1.55E+00
9.88E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
- not-detected (detection limit in parentheses).
= ShnSPi!nah-?-??en t6^ Values are Positive. QA samples indicate
T OE 09 S m1n1mi«n limits of detection.
• 1.0E-06g.
= parts per trillion, dry volume basis
operating hours per year
F-13
-------
-------
APPENDIX F-3
FURNACE OUTLET EXHAUST DUCT RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
F-15
-------
-------
TABLE F-7. FURNACE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1
SITE DBR-A (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
, Jn F1"e Gas in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm 0 3% oxygen) (ppt 0 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.76E+01(
6.07E+01(
9.19E+01(
8.94E+01(
5.03E+02(
1.87E+02(
9.49E+02
5.09E+01(
6.85E+02(
5.95E+02(
1.53E+02(
4.66E+02(
1.50E+02(
2.10E+03
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A }
N/A )
N/A ]
N/A
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
i.31E+00(
4.53E+00(
6.21E+00(
§.50E+00(
2.84E+01(
9.76E+00(
5.58E+01
4.00E+00(
5.39E+OH
4.21E+01J
9.82E+00(
2.74E+OH
8.14E+00(
1.45E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A ;
N/A ]
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
3.34E+01
1.15E+02
1.75E+02
1.70E+02
9.56E+02
3.55E+02
1.80E+03
9.68E+01
1.30E+03
1.13E+03
2.91E+02
8.87E+02
2.86E+02
4.00E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NO = not detected (detection limit in
ug = 1.0E-06g -
ppt = parts per trillion, «,
1536 operating hours per year
volume basis
F-17
-------
TABLE F-8. FURNACE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2,
SITE DBR-A (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
D1ox1n/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD 1.84E+01( N/A
Other TCDD 6.30E-K)1( N/A
Penta-CDD 5.49E+01( N/A
Hexa-CDD 3.57E+01( N/A
Hepta-CDD 1.48E+01( N/A
Octa-CDD 1.24E+01( N/A
Total PCDD 1.99E+02
FURANS
2378 TCDF 6.98E+01( N/A
Other TCDF 6.92E+02( N/A
Penta-CDF 3.51E+02( N/A
Hexa-CDF 6.47E+01( N/A
Hepta-CDF 2.70E+01( N/A
Octa-CDF 6.22E+00( N/A
Total PCDF 1.21E+03
) 1.37E+00( N/A )
) 4.71E+00( N/A )
) 3.71E+00( N/A )
) 2.19E+00( N/A )
) 8.37E-01( N/A )
) 6.51E-01( N/A )
1.35E+01
) 5.49E+00( N/A )
) 5.44E+01( N/A )
) 2.49E+01( N/A )
) 4.15E+00( N/A )
) 1.59E+00( N/A )
) 3.37E-01( N/A )
9.09E+01
2.37E+01
8.13E+01
7.07E+01
4.60E+01
1.91E+01
1.60E+01
2.57E+02
9.00E+01
8.93E+02
4.53E+02
8.34E+01
3.47E+01
8.02E+00
1.56E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND - not detected (detection
N/A = Not applicable when test
method capabilities and
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt - parts per trillion, dry
limit in parentheses).
values are positive. QA samples
minimum limits of detection.
volume basis
indicate
1536 operating hours per year
F-18
-------
TABLE F-9. FURNACE OUTLET DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3,
SITE DBR-A (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD 1.32E+01( N/A
Other TCDD 1.09E+02 N/A
Penta-CDD 1.65E+02 N/A
Hexa-CDD 2.84E+02 N/A
Hepta-CDD 2.81E+02 N/A
Octa-CDD 6.15E+01 N/A
Total PCDD 9.14E+02
FURANS
2378 TCDF 6.68E+01( N/A
Other TCDF 1.41E+03 N/A
Penta-CDF 8.84E+02 N/A
Hexa-CDF 4.85E+02 N/A
Hepta-CDF 2.74E+02 N/A
Octa-CDF 6.49E+01( N/A
Total PCDF 3.19E+03
9.84E-01( N/A )
8.14E+00( N/A )
1.11E+01( N/A )
1.75E+01( N/A )
1.59E-»-01( N/A )
3.22E+00( N/A )
5.69E+01
) 5.25E+00( N/A )
1.11E+02( N/A )
6.26E+01( N/A )
3.11E+01( N/A )
1.61E+01( N/A )
3.51E+00( N/A )
2.30E+02
1.56E+01
1.29E+02
1.95E+02
3.36E+02
3.33E+02
7.29E+01
1.08E+03
7.91E-I-01
1.67E+03
1.05E+03
5.74E+02
3.25E+02
7.68E+01
3.77E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable when test values are positive. QA samples
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug » 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
indicate
1536 operating hours per year
F--19
-------
-------
APPENDIX F-4
AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
F.-21
-------
-------
TABLE F-10. AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1,
SITE DBR-A (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscra @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
6.59E-02(
1.58E+00(
1.45E+00(
1.32E+00(
2.37E+00(
1.32E+00(
8.11E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
) 4.93E-03{
18E-01(
9.80E-02(
8.11E-02(
1.34E-01(
6.90E-02(
5.06E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
09E-01
41E+00
79E+00
17E+00
1.11E+01
6.17E+00
3.80E+01
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.58E+00
1.67E+01
9.82E+00
4.
3,
88E+00
36E+00
9.23E-01
3.73E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.
1.
6.
3.
1.
5.
24E-01(
31E+00(
95E-01(
13E-01(
98E-01(
OOE-02(
2.69E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.
7,
4,
2.
1.
4.
41E+00
81E+01
60E+01
28E+01
57E+01
32E+00
1.74E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A =* Not applicable when test values are positive. QA samples indicate
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
ng = 1.0E-09g .
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
1536 operating hours per year
F-23
-------
TABLE F-ll.
AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2,
SITE DBR-A (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
Dioxln/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDO 2.79E-02( N/A
Other TCDD 8.80E-OH N/A
Penta-CDD 2.79E-01( N/A
Hexa-CDD 4.19E-01( N/A
Hepta-CDD 7.68E-01( N/A
Octa-CDD 7.68E-01( N/A
Total PCDD 3.14E+00
FURANS
2378 TCDF 5.59E-01( N/A
Other TCDF 1.51E+OH N/A
Penta-CDF 4.54E+00( N/A
Hexa-CDF 2.23E+00( N/A
Hepta-CDF 1.47E+00( N/A
Octa-CDF 4.19E-01( N/A
Total PCDF 2.43E+01
2.09E-03( N/A )
6.57E-02( N/A )
1.89E-02( N/A )
i 2.58E-02( N/A )
i 4.35E-02( N/A )
i 4.02E-02( N/A )
1.96E-01
) 4.39E-02( N/A )
1.19E+00( N/A )
3.21E-01( N/A )
1.43E-01( N/A )
8.63E-02( N/A )
2.27E-02( N/A )
1.81E+00
1.30E-01
4.10E+00
1.30E+00
1.95E+00
3.58E+00
3.58E+00
1.46E+01
2.60E+00
7.04E+01
2.11E+01
1.04E+01
6.83E+00
1.95E+00
1.13E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A Not applicable when test values are positive. QA samples
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
ng 1.0E-09g
ug 1.0E-06g
ppt parts per trillion, dry volume basis
indicate
1536 operating hours per year
F-24
-------
TABLE F-12.
AFTERBURNER OUTLET STACK DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3,
SITE DBR-A (Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD 6.10E-02 N/A
Other TCDD 1.10E+00 N/A
Penta-CDD 4.27E-01 N/A
Hexa-CDD 6.41E-01 N/A
Hepta-CDD 7.94E-01 N/A ]
Octa-CDD 6.71E-01 N/A ]
Total PCDD 3.69E+00
FURANS
2378 TCDF 5.49E-01( N/A
Other TCDF 1.12E+01( N/A
Penta-CDF 4.24E+00( N/A
Hexa-CDF 1.86E+00( N/A
Hepta-CDF 1.22E+00( N/A
Octa-CDF 3.05E-01( N/A
Total PCDF 1.94E+01
4.56E-03( N/A )
8.21E-02? N/A )
2.89E-02( N/A )
3.94E-02( N/A )
4.49E-02( N/A )
3.51E-02( N/A )
2.35E-01
} 4.32E-02( N/A )
8.83E-OH N/A )
3.00E-01( N/A )
1.19E-01( N/A )
7.18E-02( N/A )
1.65E-02( N/A )
1.43E+00
3.11E-01
5.59E+00
2.17E+00
3.26E+00
4.04E+00
3.42E+00
1.88E+01
2.80E+00
5.72E+01
2.16E-I-01
9.48E+00
6.21E+00
1.55E+00
9.88E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - Not applicable when test values are positive. QA samples
method capabilities and minimum limits of detection.
ng = 1.0E-09g .
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
indicate
F-25
-------
-------
APPENDIX G
RISK MODELING INPUT PARAMETERS
(AFTERBURNER OUTLET)
G-l
-------
-------
TABLE G-l . RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 1, SITE DBR-A
Stack Height (From Grade Level)
Stack Diameter (ID) =• 0.9 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard)
11.3 m
» 180.0 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature =• 974.8 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) - 1023.44 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
2.86E-02
6.86E-01
6.86E-01
7.23E+00
6.29E-01
4.26E+00
5.71E-01
2.11E+00
1.03E+00
1.46E+00
5.71E-01
4.00E-01
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
3.09E-01
7.41E+00
7.41E+00
7.81E+01
6.79E+00
4.60E+01
6.17E+00
2.28E+01
1.11E+01
1.57E+01
6.17E+00
4.32E+00
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr) .
4.74E-01
1.14E-01
1.14E+00
1.20E-01
5.21E+00
7.06E+00
3.79E-01
3.51E-01
1.71E-02
2.42E-02
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
1.49E+01
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - detection limit not available
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug =» 1.0E-0.6g.
mg = 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure,
1536 operating hours per year
G-3 -
-------
TABLE 6-2. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 2, SITE DBR-A
Stack Height (From Grade Level) » 11.3 m
Stack Diameter (ID) - 0.9 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard) - 196.7 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 946.3 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) - 1094.16 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
Relative
Potency
Factor
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr) '
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
2.
5.
1,
1.10E-02
3.47E-01
.20E-01
.96E+00
.10E-01
1.79E+00
1.65E-01
8.82E-01
3.03E-01
5.79E-01
3.03E-01
1.65E-01
1.30E-01
10E+00
60E+00
04E+01
30E+00
11E+01
1.95E+00
1.04E+01
3.58E+00
6.83E+00
3.58E+00
1.95E+00
1.000
..010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2.00E-01
6.29E-02
4.00E-01
1.08E-01
9.99E-01
3.25E+00
1.20E-01
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
1.60E-01
5.49E-03
1.05E-02
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
5.31E+00
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - detection limit not available
ng » 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
mg - 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
1536 operating hours per year
G--4
-------
TABLE G-3. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 3, SITE DBR-A
Stack Height (From Grade Level)
Stack Diameter (ID) - 0.9 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard)
11.3 m
200.9 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature =• 950.2 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) » 1137.92 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
I some r
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-COF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
2.58E-02
4.64E-01
2.32E-01
4.74E+00
1.80E-01
1.79E+00
2.71E-01
7.86E-01
3.35E-01
5.15E-01
2.84E-01
1.29E-01
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
3.11E-01
5.59E+00
2.80E+00
5.72E+01
2.17E+00
2.16E+01
3.26E+00
9.48E+00
4.04E+00
6.21E+00
3.42E+00
1.55E+00
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr) .
4.77E-01
8.59E-02
4.29E-01
8.78E-02
1.67E+00
3.32E+00
2.00E-01
1.46E-01
6.20E-03
9.54E-03
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
6.43E+00
ND
N/A
ng
ug
mg
not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
detection limit not available
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
1536 operating hours per year
G-5
-------
-------
APPENDIX H
ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
H-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX H
ERROR ANALYSIS: CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
Objective: Given the analytical uncertainty of the dioxin/furan analyses
(± 50% accuracy), estimate the uncertainty of the control device
e?ficiency calculations.
Let: C
out,meas
'in,meas
'out,max
'out,rain
'in,max
the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
homologue at the outlet location.
the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
homologue at the inlet location.
the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue given the measured value CQut meas-
the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue given the measured value CQut meas-
the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value C-n mea$.
the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value C^n meas-
in,min
E - the removal efficiency of the control device
Assuming ± 50 percent analytical accuracy:
cmin " Cmeas ' °'5 Sneas " °'5 C
meas
Cmax " Cmeas + °'5 Cmeas " 1>5 Cmeas
Note that: E
max
mav
max
r - c
in.max out.min
in,max
1 - out.meas
in,meas
1 - C
out.min
in,max
- Emeas)
meas
H-3
-------
and:
Emin
"
out. max
1 - C
in,rain
>5 C
out.meas
°*5 C1n,meas
out.max
%
'in,min
1 - 3 (1 - EmoaJ
meas'
Now,
Emin * 3 Emeas " *
positive control (I.e., emissions
reduction across the control device)
(3E,
meas
- 2) > 0
•meas
Therefore, if E -is larger than 66.7 percent, the true removal efficiency
niGcLS
can safely be assumed to be greater than zero.
And,
max
negative control (i.e., emissions
increase across the control device)
V, + V, E,
3 meas
< 0
meas
Therefore, if E is less than -200 percent, the true efficiency can safely
[T16clS
be assumed to be less than zero.
To summarize:.
Emeas > 66'7 percent
-200 < EmQac < 66.7 percent
Emeas < 20° percent
positive control
no definitive conclusions
can be drawn
no negative control
' H-4
-------
TABLE H.1 VALUES OF Efflax and Era1n FOR VARIOUS MEASURED CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
Control
Emeas
100
95
90
85
80
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-100
-200
max "
pavice Efficiency (%} .
max
100
98.3
96.7
95.0
93.4
91.7
83.4
75.0
66.7
58.4
50.0
33.4
0
' (20° + Emeas>/3
min
100
85
70
55
40
25
-50
-125
-200
-275
-350
-500
-800
Em1n * 3Emeas ' 20°
H-5
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-450/4-84-014t
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources
Final Test Report - Site 11
Drum and Barrel Reclamation Furnace DBR-A
5. REPORT DATE
April 1987
t. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Dennis R. Knisley, Winton E. Kelly
Lawrence E. Keller
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
87-231-056-12-47
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
Post Office Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-03-3148
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE OF REJfORT.ANO PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Project Officers: Donald Oberacker, ORD
William B. Kuykendal, OAQPS
10. ABSTRACT ~~——————————_^_^___
This report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan emissions test of a drum and
barrel reconditioning furnace equipped with an afterburner for emissions control. Steel
drums are reconditioned by combusting the drum contents (residual material) in a tunnel
furnace. The test was the llth in a series of emission tests conducted under Tier 4 of
the National Dioxin Study. The primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various
combustion devices are sources of dioxin and/or furan emissions. If any of the combus-
tion sources are found to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier 4 is to
quantify these emissions.
Drum reconditioning furnaces are one of 8 combustion device categories that have
been tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested furnace, hereafter referred to as furnace
DBR-A, was selected for this test after an initial information screening and a one-day
pretest survey. The drums which are processed at the plant are received from a number
of different sources, thus the combustible material burned in the furnace is hetero-
geneous. Furnace DBR-A is considered representative of other drum reconditioning
furnaces operating in the United States.
Data presented in the report include dioxin (tetra through octa homologue H-2378
TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa homologue +2378 TCDF) results for both stack samples
and ash samples. In addition, process data collected during sampling are also
presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air Emissions
Combustion Sources
Dioxin
Furans
2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Drum and Barrel Reclamation Furnace
Air Pollution Emissions
Data
IB, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReportl
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
224
L
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tills page/
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EI*A P*m 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) previous COITION is OBSOLETE
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