EPA-450/4-84-014u
NATIONAL DIOXSN STUDY
TIER 4 COMBUSTION SOURCES
Final Test Report Site 12
Sewage Sludge Incinerator SSI C
By . -
Michael A. Palazzolo
D. Blake Bath
Carol L. Jamgochian
Deborah D. Benson
Radian Corporation
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Contract Number: 68-03-3148
Donald Oberacker, Project Officer
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office Of Air And Radiation
Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
And
Office Of Research And Development
Washington DC 20460
April 1987
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This report has been reviewed by the Office Of Air Quality Planning And Standards, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication as received from the
contractor. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Agency, neither does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
EPA-450/4-84-014u
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FOREWORD -
This report is the result of a cooperative effort
between the Office of Research and Development's Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (HWERL) and the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard's Monitoring
and Data Analysis Division (MDAD). The overall management
of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study was the responsi-
bility of MDAD. In addition, MDAD provided technical
guidance for the source test covered by this report,
HWERL was directly responsible for the management and
technical direction of the source test.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Introduction 1-1
2.0 Summary and Conclusions. 2-1
2.1 Source Sampling and Analysis Overview 2-1
2.2 Summary of Results 2-4
2.2.1 Scrubber Inlet Data 2-4
2.2.2 Scrubber Outlet Data 2-7
2.2.3 Dioxin Precursor Data 2-7
2.2.4 Flue Gas Data 2-7
3.0 Process Description. . . 3-1
3.1 Treatment Plant 3-1
3.2 Incinerator Description 3-1
3.3 Particulate Control System 3-3
4.Q Test Description 4-1
4.1 Field Sampling 4-1
4.2 Process Data Collection 4-4
4.3 Laboratory Analyses 4-4
4.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses 4-5
4.3.2 Dioxin/Furan Precursor Analyses 4-5
5.0 Test Results 5-1
5.1 Process Data 5-1
5.1.1 Incinerator SSI-C Operating Data 5-1
5.1.2 Scrubber Operating Data 5-3
5.2 Flue Gas Parameter Data ..." 5-3
5.3 Continuous Monitoring Data 5-3
5.4 MM5 Oioxin/Furan Emissions Data 5-7
5.4.1 Scrubber Inlet 5-7
5.4.2 Scrubber Outlet 5-16
5.4.3 Summary of Scrubber Inlet/Outlet Dioxin and
Furan Emissions Data for Site SSI-C 5-23
5.5 Sludge Feed Precursor Data. 5-28
5.6 Bottom Ash and Scrubber Slowdown Dioxin/Furan Data. . . . 5-28
5.7 Soil Sampling Data 5-33
5.8 Ambient Air Sampling 5-33
6.0 Source Sampling Locations and Procedures 6-1
6.1 Gaseous Samples 6-1
6.1.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations 6-1
6.1.1.1 Scrubber Exhaust Stack 6-1
6.1.1.2 Scrubber Inlet Incinerator Outlet .... 6-3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Section
Page
6.1 Gaseous Samples (cont'd.)
6.1.2 Gaseous Sampling Procedures 6-5
6.1.2.1 Modified Method 5 (MM5) 6-5
6.1.2.2 Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination. . 6-7
6.1.2.3 Flue Gas Moisture Determination 6-10
6.1.2.4 Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination . 6-10
6.1.2.5 Continuous Emissions Monitoring 6-10
6.2 Slurry Sampling 6-11
6.3 Solid Samples 6-13
6.3.1 Feed Sludge Sampling 6-13
6.3.2 Bottom Ash Sampling 6-13
6.3.3 Soil Sampling 6-14
7.0 Analytical Procedures. , 7-1
7.1 Dioxin/Furans 7-1
7.2 Precursors 7-2
7.2.1 GC/MS Analyses 7-2
7.2.1.1 Sample 7-3
: 7.2.1.2 Analysis ." : . . . 7-5
7.3 TOX Analysis 7-7
7.4 Total Chlorine Analysis 7-10
8.0 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) 8-1
8.1 Manual Gas Sampling 8-1
8.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware Preparation. . 8-2
8.1.2 Procedural QC Activities/Manual Gas Sampling . . . 8-2
8.1.3 Sample Custody 8-6
8.2 Continuous Monitoring/Molecular Weight Determination. . . 8-6
8.3 Laboratory Analyses 8-8
8.3.1. Dioxin/Furan Analyses 8-10
8.3.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the Test Samples. 8-10
8.3.1.2 Sample Blanks 8-10
8.3.2 Precursor Analyses 8-10
Appendix A Field Sampling Data
A-l Incinerator Outlet Modified Method 5 and EPA
Methods 1-4 Field Results A-l
A-2 Scrubber Outlet Modified Method 5 and EPA Methods 1-4
Field Results A-9
A-3 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Results A-17
A-4 Modified Method 5 Sample Calculations A-23
VI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd.)
Section Page
Appendix B Sample Shipment Letters B-l
Appendix C Dioxin/Furan Analytical Data for Gaseous Samples C-l
Appendix D Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
D-l Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(As-Measured Concentrations) D-l
D-2 Run-Specific Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data
(Concentrations Corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen) .... D-9
Appendix E Run-Specific Risk Modeling Input Data .... E-l
Appendix F Compound-Specific Precursor Results F-l
Appendix G Error Analysis of Control Device Efficiency Calculations. . G-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Number Title paqe
2-1 Source Sampling Analysis and Overview 2-3
2-2 Summary of Mean Dioxin/Furan Flue Gas Concentrations at the
Scrubber Inlet for Site SSI-C 2-6
2-3 Summary of Mean Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data for Site SSI-C
(Scrubber Outlet) 2-8
3-1 Incinerator and Sludge-Feed Design Parameters for
Incinerator SSI-C 3.5
4-1 Source Sampling and Analysis Matrix For Site SSI-C 4-2
5-1 Mean Incinerator Operating conditions During Dioxin Tests at
Site SSI-C 5.2
5-2 Average Hearth Temperatures for Incinerator SSI-C During
Testing Periods . 5.4
5-3 Wet Scrubber"System Operating Data. 5-5
5-4 Flue Gas Parameters at Site SSI-C 5-6
5-5 Mean Values and Standards Deviations of Continuously
Monitored Combustion Gases 5.3
5-6 Overview of Dioxin/Furan Concentration Data for Site SSI-C
(Scrubber Inlet) 5_14
5-7 Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emission Rate Data for
Site SSI-C (Scrubber Inlet) 5-15
5-8 Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data for Site SSI-C Inlet . . . 5-17
5-9 Summary of Dioxin/Furan Emissions Data for Site SSI-C Inlet
(Concentrations corrected to 3 Percent Oxygen) 5-18
5-10 Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors for Site SSI-C Inlet 5-19
5-11 Overview of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Concentrations Data
for Site SSI-C (Outlet). 5-21
5-12 Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emission Rate Data for
Site SSI-C (Outlet). . 5-22
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LIST OF TABLES
(cont'd.)
Number Title Page
5-13 Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Concentrations Data
for Site SSI-C Outlet 5-24
5-14 Summary of Dioxin and Furan Emissions Concentrations Data for
Site SSI-C Outlet (Concentration Corrected to 3% Oxygen). . . . 5-25
5-15 Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors for Site SSI-C Outlet . 5-27
5-16 Scrubber Removal Efficiencies at Site SSI-C 5-29
5-17 Summary of Dioxin Precursor Data for Site SSI-C Feed Samples. . . 5-30
5-18 Summary of Total Chloride and Total Organic Halide Data for
Sewage Sludge Feed 5-31
5-19 Dioxin/Furan Concentrations in the Bottom Ash at Site SSI-C . . . 5-32
5-20 Dioxin/Furan Content of the Scrubber Slowdown Solids at
Site SSI-C 5-34
5-21 Dioxin/Furan Concentrations in Scrubber Filtrate at Site SSI-C. . 5-35
5-22 Dioxin/Furan Content of Ambient Air Samples at Site SSI-C .... 5-36
6-1 Summary of Gas Sampling Methods for Site SSI-C. 6-6
7-1 Instrument Conditions for GC/MS Precursor Analyses 7-6
7-2 Components of the Calibration Solution 7-8
7-3 Analytical Conditions for TOX Analysis 7-9
8-1 Glassware Precleaning Procedure . . -. 8-3
8-2 Sampling Problems Encountered During Testing at Site 12 8-4
8-3 Summary of Isokinetic Results for Site 12 . 8-5
8-4 Summary of Drift Check and Control Standard Results 8-8
8-5 Percent Surrogate Recoveries for Site SSI-C
Dioxin/Furan Analyses 8-11
8-6 Analysis Results for Quality Control Samples 8-12
8-7 Percent Surrogate Recoveries for Site SSI-C Feed Samples 8-13
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LIST OF FIGURES
Number
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
4-1
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
7-1
8-1
Title
Simplified Flow Diagram of Sewage Sludge Incinerator Process . .
Data Summary for Site SSI-C. -. .........
Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Processing ....
Schematic Diagram of Incinerator SSI-C and Associated
Impingement Tray Scrubber . . .
Sample Point Diagram For Incinerator SSI-C
Oxygen Concentration History
Carbon Monoxide Concentration History
Carbon Dioxide Concentration History
Oxides of Nitrogen Concentration History
Sulfur Dioxide Concentration History
Dioxin and Furan Homologue Distribution of the Wet Scrubber
Inlet Emissions for Site SSI-C
Dioxin and Furan Homblogue Distribution of the Wet Scrubber
Outlet Emissions for Site SSI-C
Incinerator SSI-C Existing Scrubber Outlet Sampling Location . .
Incinerator SSI-C Scrubber Inlet Sampling Location .
Modified Method 5 Train
Adsorbent Sampling System
Apparatus For Pressure Filtration of Scrubber Slowdown Slurry. .
Site Plot Plan and Soil Sampling Locations For Site 12
Sample Preparation Flow Diagram for Site SSI-C Precursor
Analyses
Alphanumeric Sampling Code For Site SSI-C
Page
2-2
2-5
3-2
3-4
4-3
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-13
5-20
5-26
6-2
6-4
6-8
6-9
6-12
6-15
7-4
8-7
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
*
This draft report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan emissions
test of a sewage sludge incinerator equipped with a wet scrubber system for
particulate emissions control. The,test was the twelfth in a series of twelve
dioxin/furan emissions tests being conducted under Tier 4 of the National
Dioxin Study. The primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various
combustion sources emit dioxins or furans. The secondary objective of Tier 4
is to quantify these emissions.
Sewage sludge incinerators are one of eight combustion device categories
that have been tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested sewage sludge
incinerator, hereafter referred to as Incinerator SSI-C, was selected for this
test after an initial information screening and a one-day pretest survey
visit.
This test report is organized as follows: A summary of test results and
conclusions is provided in Section 2.0. followed by a.detailed process
description in Section 3.0. The source sampling and analysis plan is outlined
in Section 4.0, and the dioxin test data are presented in section 5.0.
Sections 6.0 through 9.0 present various testing details. These include
descriptions of the sampling locations and procedures (Section 6.0),
descriptions of the analytical procedures (Section 7.0), and a summary of the
quality assurance/quality control results (Section 8.0). The appendices
contain data generated during the field sampling and analytical activities.
The term "dioxin/furan" as used in this report refers to the polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers with four or more chlorine atoms.
1-1
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2.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
2.1 SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
The host plant (Site 12) is a large municipal wastewater treatment plant
that operates several multiple hearth sewage sludge incinerators. The
incinerator tested is a 12 hearth unit that was installed in 1974. A
simplified diagram of the multiple hearth incinerator/wet scrubber system
tested is shown in Figure 2-1.
Sampling for dioxin emissions was performed at the incinerator outlet and
the scrubber exhaust stack during each of three test runs conducted on July 9,
10, and 11, 1985. All of the field sampling was performed by Radian
Corporation. The gaseous, liquid, slurry, and solids sampling performed is
summarized in Table 2-1. Dioxin sampling at the incinerator outlet and the
scrubber exhaust stack followed (with two exceptions discussed in Section 6)
the Modified Method 5 (MM5) sampling protocol developed by the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for measuring emissions of chlorinated
organic compounds. The MM5 train components and train rinses were analyzed by
EMSL-RTP and ECL-Bay St. Louis, two of three EPA laboratories collectively
*
known as Troika. The dioxin/furan analyses quantified 2,3,7,8-TCDD and the
tetra- through octa-dioxin/furan homologues present in the samples.
Sludge feed samples were obtained directly from the incinerator feed
conveyor during the test. Analyses for dioxin/furan precursors were performed
by Radian on sludge feed samples. The specific dioxin/furan precursors
analyzed for included chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB), and total chlorine.
The terms TCDD and TCDF as used in this report refer to tetrachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxin and tetrachlorodibenzofuran respectively.
2-1
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TABLE 2-1. SOURCE SAMPLING ANALYSIS AND OVERVIEW
Item
Item Description
Number of test runs
Gaseous sampling
Liquid and slurry sampling
Solids sampling
Three identical test runs (Runs 1, 2, 3)
MM5 sampling at inlet and outlet to scrubber
(Runs 1, 2, 3). Dioxin/furan analysis.
Continuous CO, C02, 02, NO , and THC monitoring
at scrubber outlet exnaust stack (Runs 1, 2, 3)
EPA reference Methods 2 and 4 at inlet and
outlet to scrubber (Runs 1, 2, 3). Gas velocity
and moisture.
Integrated bag sampling (EPA Reference Method 3)
at inlet and outlet to scrubber (Runs 1, 2, 3).
C02, 02, and N« analysis for molecular weight
determination.
Scrubber system effluent sampling/filtration
(Runs 1, 2, 3). Dioxin/furan analysis of
filtered solids and filtrate.
Sludge feed sampling (Runs 1, 2, 3). Dioxin
precursors.
Incinerator bottom ash sampling (Runs 1, 2, 3).
Dioxin/furan analyses.
Soil sampling (one.composite sample from 10
locations). Dioxin/furan analysis.
2-3
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Continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) for 02, CO, C02, NOX, S02 and total
hydrocarbons (THC) was performed at the incinerator outlet. These data will
be used in conjunction with incinerator process data to document combustion
conditions during the test and possibly to relate dioxin emissions to average
combustion conditions during the test period.
Bottom ash samples were taken during each test run and analyzed for
dioxin/furan content by Troika. Scrubber system blowdown slurry samples were
also taken, and the samples were filtered to separate the solids from the
aqueous filtrate. Both the filterable solids and the filtrate were analyzed
for dioxin/furan content. The bottom ash and scrubber blowdown slurry data
provides input to an ash screening effort being conducted as part of the Tier
4 program. Soil samples were also collected, but analysis of these samples
has been deferred pending evaluation of the dioxin/furan emissions data.
2.2 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Figure 2-2 summarizes the data obtained at Site SSI-C during the Tier 4
test program. The sewage sludge incinerator and wet scrubber system were
operated under conditions representative of normal operation during the
sampling periods. Detectable quantities were found for nearly all of the
dioxin and furan species analyzed for in the stack gas emissions.
2.2.1 Scrubber Inlet Data
As shown in Table 2-2, average as-measured scrubber inlet gas
concentrations of total PCDD and total PCDF were 39.1 and 172 ng/dscm,
respectively. This corresponds to hourly mass emission rates of 1770 ug/hr
total PCDD, and 7680 g/hr total PCDF. Speciation for the 2378 TCDD isomer was
not performed for the scrubber inlet location. Valid dioxin and furan data
were obtained only for Runs 02 and 03. The analytical results from Run 01 are
considered invalid because the recoveries of analytical surrogates were below
acceptable levels specified in the Tier 4 QA/QC plan.
2-4
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TABLE 2-2. SUMMARY OF MEAN DIOXIN/FURAN FLUE GAS CONCENTRATIONS
AT THE SCRUBBER INLET FOR SITE SSI-C
Parameter
Emissions Concentration
(ng/dscm)
As-Measured
Corrected to 3% 02
Emissions Rate(uq/hr)
2378 TCDD
NR
NR
NR
Total PCDD
39.1
114
1770
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172
507
7680
NR » not reported by Troika.
2-6
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2.2.2 Scrubber Outlet Data
As shown in Table 2-3, average as-measured stack gas concentrations of
2378 TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF were .03, 10, and 86 ng/dscm,
respectively at the scrubber outlet. This corresponds to hourly mass emission
rates of 2.09 ug/hr 2378 TCDD, 780 ug/hr total PCDD, and 6,570 ug/hr total
PCDF. The emission rates were fairly well distributed among the dioxin and
furan homologues.
2.2.3 Dioxin Precursor Data
Sludge feed samples were analyzed to determine the dioxin precursor level
of the feed. The only precursors detected were chlorinated benzenes, at an
average concentration of 11 ppb. The feed samples were also found to contain
an average of 295 ppm total chloride.
2.2.4 Flue Gas Data
Average flue gas concentrations (corrected to 3% 02) measured in the
incinerater outlet exhaust stack breeching by the Radian continuous emissions
monitoring system were: 02, 13.2 vol%; CO-, 13.1 vol%, CO, 3112 ppmv; S02, 504
ppmv: and NOX 419 ppmv. Data on total hydrocarbon (THC) concentration are not
available due to instrument malfunction. The average volumetric flow rate at
the incinerator outlet was 800 dscmm. The average temperature and moisture
content of this gas stream was 485°C and 25 vol%, respectively.
2-7
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TABLE 2-3. SUMMARY OF MEAN DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATIONS
AT THE SCRUBBER OUTLET FOR SITE SSI-C
Parameter
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Emissions Concentration
(ng/dscm)
As-Measured 0.0275
Corrected to 3% 02 0.142
Emissions Rate(uq/hr) 2.09
10.1
52.7
780
85.6
446
6,570
1-3
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3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The wastewater treatment plant and sewage sludge incinerator tested at
Site 12 are described in this section. The description includes a discussion
of the heat recovery and air pollution control systems associated with the
incinerator. .,
3.1 TREATMENT PLANT
Site 12 is a large municipal wastewater treatment plant that operates
several multiple hearth sewage sludge incinerators. Plant influent consists
of approximately 15 percent industrial waste and 85 percent domestic sewage.
Industrial dischargers that may contribute dioxin precursors (chlorinated
organics) to the wastewater influent include oil processing plants, refining
and reclaiming plants, metal working and finishing plants, hospitals, and
chemical manufacturers. . .. . .
A wastewater treatment and sludge processing flow diagram for the
facility is shown in Figure 3-1. Treatment of the wastewater includes
screening, grit removal, iron and polymer addition, sludge sedimentation,
oxygen aeration (i.e. sludge activation), secondary sludge sedimentation, and
chlorination. The treatment plant effluent is discharged into a river.
Primary and secondary sludges are processed according to the diagram in
Figure 3-1. A portion of the primary sludge is gravity thickened, dewatered
with rotary vacuum filters, and incinerated. The rest of the thickened
primary sludge is blended with thickened secondary sludge in a 2:1 ratio. The
primary/secondary blend is dewatered with belt filter presses and incinerated.
Excess secondary sludge is dewatered by centrifuge, mixed with lime, and
landfilled off site.
3.2 INCINERATOR DESCRIPTION
Incinerator SSI-C is a Nichols twelve-hearth incinerator that was
installed at the plant in 1974. A schematic diagram of the incinerator tested
3-1
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and its air pollution control system is shown in Figure 3-2. Table 3-1 lists
some of the more important design parameters of the incinerator.
Blended primary and secondary sludge with a solids content of about 20
percent by weight is fed to the top hearth of the incinerator (Hearth 1) at a
rate of about 2.2 dry Mg (-2.4 dry tons) per hour. The design capacity of the-
incinerator is 2.5 dry Mg (2.7 dry tons) per hour. The upper hearths are used
for.drying of the sludge cake, the middle hearths (Hearths 4 and 5) are used
for burning, and the bottom hearths are used for cooling.
An auxiliary fuel system consisting of natural gas burners is used to
maintain set point temperatures on the even-numbered hearths of the
incinerator. The natural gas burners are located on Hearths 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
and 12. Combustion air for Incinerator SSI-C is mainly ambient air. A shaft
cooling air system is used to prevent overheating of the rabble arm shaft.
Some of the shaft cooling air exhaust is used as pre-heated combustion air for
the incinerator. The remaining shaft cooling air is vented directly to the
atmosphere via a stack separate from that used for the incinerator air
pollution control system.
Incinerator SSI-C typically maintains a temperature of 760°C (1400°F) on
Hearth 5. The natural gas feed rate is controlled to maintain this
temperature. Combustion air intake dampers are controlled manually to
maintain an incinerator exhaust gas oxygen concentration of 9 to 10 percent.
Under normal feed conditions, Incinerator SSI-C produces about 24 Mg (26
tons) per day of bottom ash, which is pneumatically conveyed to storage silos.
i
The bottom ash is ultimately loaded'onto trucks and hauled to an off-site
disposal site. Scrubber water is sent to an on-site lagoon where the
particulate entrained in the scrubber water settles out.
3.3 PARTICULATE CONTROL SYSTEM
Particulate emissions from Incinerator SSI-C are controlled by a
three-tray impingement scrubber. The scrubber influent is the final effluent
from the wastewater treatment process. The scrubber effluent, which contains
approximately 1 percent solids, is recycled to the head of the wastewater
treatment plant. Total water flow to the scrubber is approximately
3-3
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TABLE 3-1. INCINERATOR AND SLUDGE-FEED DESIGN
PARAMETERS FOR INCINERATOR SSI-C
DESIGN PARAMETER
VALUE
Incinerator
1. Manufacturer
2. Number of Hearths
3. Sludge burning capacity
4. Exhaust gas oxygen content
5. Bottom ash production
6. Auxiliary Fuel
Sludge Feed
1. Sludge type
2. Solids content
Nichols
12
3.6 dry tons/hra
9-10 percent
26 tons/day
natural gas
Blend of primary, secondary
20 wt. percent
Based on 18 wet tons/hr.
3-5
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454 m/hr (2000 gal/min) and the gas side pressure drop is 2 kPa (8 inches of
water).
Under upset or low-fire conditions, constant pressure drop across the
scrubber is maintained by controlling an ambient air intake damper located
just upstream of the scrubber. This damper was kept closed throughout the
dioxin emissions testing.
3-6
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4.0 TEST DESCRIPTION
This section describes the field sampling, process monitoring, and
analytical activities that were performed at Site 12. The purpose o.f this
section is to provide sufficient "descriptive" information about the test so
that the test data presented in Section 5.0 can be easily understood.
Specific testing details (specific sampling locations and procedures) will be
presented later, in Section 6.0.
This section is divided into three parts. Section 4.1 summarizes field
sampling activities, Section 4.2 summarizes process monitoring activities, and
Section 4.3 summarizes analytical activities performed during the test
program.
4.1 FIELD SAMPLING
Table 4-1 shows the source sampling and analysis matrix-for-Site 12-.
Three sets of dioxin/furan emissions tests were performed on consecutive days
at the scrubber inlet and outlet sampling locations. These locations are
shown as Points A and B in Figure 4-1. Dioxin/furan sampling followed (with
two exceptions discussed in Section 6) the Modified Method 5 (MM5) sampling
protocol developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for
measuring emissions of chlorinated organic compounds. Sampling was performed
isokinetically for a minimum of 4 hours per test run.
Continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) of CL, CO, C02, NO , S02 and total
hydrocarbons (THC) was performed at the scrubber inlet sampling location
during the MM5 test runs. These data were obtained to assess variations in
combustion conditions during the sampling periods. One-minute average
concentrations of each species monitored were determined and recorded by the
CEM system.
Three types of process samples were taken during the MM5 test periods:
sewage sludge, bottom ash, and scrubber blowdown. The sewage sludge samples
were taken to characterize dioxin/furan precursor contents of the materials
fed to the incinerator. These samples were taken on an hourly basis, and
4-1
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individual composite samples were prepared for each test run. The bottom ash
and scrubber blowdown samples were taken to investigate the potential for
using these materials as indicators of dioxin/furan emissions from sewage
sludge incinerators. These samples were also taken on an hourly basis.
Individual composite ash samples were prepared for each test run and scrubber
blowdown samples were filtered on-site to provide separate composite samples
of scrubber blowdown solids and aqueous filtrate.
Soil samples were collected from ten locations at the plant site and
combined into a single composite. Analysis of the composite sample for
dioxin/furan content has been deferred pending evaluation of the MM5
dioxin/furan emissions data.
4.2 PROCESS DATA COLLECTION
Process data were collected on-site to characterize the operation of the
multiple hearth incinerator and wet scrubber system during the MM5 test
periods. Incinerator process data obtained include hourly average sludge feed
rates, continuous strip chart recordings of individual hearth temperatures,
incinerator exit and stack breeching flue gas temperatures, and the shaft
cooling air temperature. Also recorded were the incinerator draft, natural
gas usage and percent oxygen at the top hearth. The sludge was analyzed daily
for moisture content, volatiles content, heat content and ash content. These
data will be used with the CEM data to evaluate and compare combustion
conditions during the MM5 test periods.
Scrubber system process data obtained include scrubber water flow rates,
precooler flowrates, and scrubber system inlet and outlet gas temperatures.
These data will be used to characterize the consistency of the scrubber system
operation during the three MM5 test periods.
4.3 LABORATORY ANALYSES
Two types of laboratory analyses were performed on samples from Site 12:
dioxin/furan analyses and dioxin/furan precursor analyses. Samples analyzed
4-4
-------
for dioxin/furan are discussed in Section 4.3.1, and samples analyzed for
d.ioxin precursors are discussed in Section 4.3.2.
4.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
All dioxin/furan analyses for this test program were performed by two of
three EPA laboratories collectively referred to as Troika. The two Troika
laboratories are ECL-Bay St. Louis and EMSL-Research Triangle Park.
Field samples requiring dioxin/furan analysis were prioritized by Tier 4
based on their relative importance to the Tier 4 program. The priority
levels, in order of decreasing importance, were designated Priority 1,
Priority 2, and Priority 3.
Priority 1 samples were sent to Troika with instructions to perform
immediate extraction and analysis. These included the MM5 train components
and MM5 field blanks for the outlet exhaust stack and incinerator outlet, the
MM5 lab proof blank, the bottom ash samples and the scrubber blowdown
solids/filtrate samples.
Priority 2 samples were sent to Troika to be analyzed for dioxin/furan
pending the results of the Priority 1 analyses. The only Priority 2 samples
were the sludge feed samples, which were characterized for precursor content
- only.
The composite soil sample (Priority 3) is being kept at Radian's N.C.
laboratory pending evaluation of results from the Priority 1 and 2 analyses.
4.3.2 Dioxin/furan Precursor Analyses
Dioxin/furan precursor analyses were^performed by Radian on the sewage
sludge feed samples. The specific dioxin/furan precursors analyzed for
included chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, PCB's and total chlorine. Composite
feed samples were also analyzed for total chlorine by Parr bomb combustion
followed by ion chromatography and for total organic ha!ides by gas
chromatography and Hall detector.
4-5
-------
-------
5.0 TEST RESULTS
The results of the Tier 4 dioxin/furan emissions test of Incinerator
SSI-C are presented in this section. The individual test runs are designated
as Runs 01-03. Process data obtained during the test runs are presented in
Section 5.1. A summary of flue gas parameters is given in Section 5.2.
Continuous monitoring results for 02, CO, C02> and NOX, are presented in
Section 5.3. The flue gas dioxin/furan emissions data are contained in
Section 5.4. Sludge feed dioxin precursor data are presented in Section 5.5
The results of dioxin/furan analyses of bottom ash and scrubber blowdown are
contained in Section 5.6, and the results of soil sampling analyses are given
in Section 5.7.
5.1 PROCESS DATA
Process data were obtained to document incinerator and scrubber system
operation during the testing. The incinerator data are summarized in Section
5.1.1 and the scrubber system data are summarized in Section 5.1.2. Plant
personnel indicated that incinerator and scrubber operation were normal during
the testing.
5.1.1 Incinerator SSI-C Operating Data
Data summarizing the operation of multiple hearth sewage sludge
incinerator SSI-C during three MM5 test runs are shown in Table 5-1.
Conditions during the test runs were similar except that there was a slight
variation in the average sludge feed rate between test runs. Sludge feed
composition, natural gas usage, and flue gas oxygen concentrations were all
similar for the three runs. Comparison of plant monitor and Radian monitor
oxygen data shows a consistent difference of about 3 to 4 percent 02. The
reason for this difference is unknown. However, integrated bag samples
collected and analyzed for the same location according to EPA Method 3 agreed
well with the Radian monitor.
5-1
-------
TABLE 5-1. MEAN INCINERATOR OPERATING CONDITIONS
DURING DIOXIN TESTS AT SITE 12
Parameter
Wet Sludge Feed Rate
[Mg/hr (tph)]
Dry Sludge Feed Rate
[Mg/hr (tph)]
Run 1
10.8
(11.9)
2.2
(2.4)
Run 2
9.90
(10.9)
2.0
(2.2)
Run 3
12.2
(13.4)
2.5
(2.7)
Average
11.0
(12.1)
2.3 .
(2.5)
Sludge Solids
(Weight %)
20.5
20.0
20.4
20.3
Sludge Volatiles
(Weight % dry basis)
53.5
55.4
56.3
55.1
Sludge Heat Content
[kJ/g dry (BTU/lb dry)]
Sludge Ash Content
(Weight % dry basis)
Natural Gas Usage
[m3/nrin (1000 ft3/hr)]
Flue Gas Oxygena
(Volume %)
Plant data
Radian CEM data
15.6
(6700)
46.5
12
(26)
9.2
13.0
15.8
(6796)
44.6
13
(27)
9.6
12.7
16.3
(7016)
43.7
10
(22)
9.8
13.8
15.9
(6837)
44.9
12
(25)
9.5
13.2
All oxygen data collected at incinerator outlet breeching upstream of
scrubber.
5-2
-------
Mean temperatures for the top nine hearths during the MM5 runs are shown
in Table 5-2. The temperature profiles for the three test runs are similar.
Temperatures on Hearths 6 through 9 during Run 3 are slightly lower than
temperatures for these hearths during Runs 1 and 2. --
5.1.2 Scrubber Operating Data
Scrubber operating data collected during the MM5 test runs are summarized
in Table 5-3. Comparison of the data presented in Table 5-3 shows no
significant between-run differences in scrubber operation.
5.2 FLUE GAS PARAMETER DATA
Table 5-4 summarizes flue gas temperature, moisture, volume.tric flow
rate, and oxygen concentration data obtained at Site SSI-C. These parameters
were fairly consistent between test runs. The average flue gas temperature
and moisture content measured at the scrubber inlet location were 485°C
(905°F) and 25.0 vol%, respectively. The average gas flow rate at actual
temperature and moisture conditions was 2830 acmm (99,900 acfm) and the
average dry, standard flow.rate was 800 dscmm (28,200 dscfm). Standard EPA
conditions are 20°C (69°F) and 1 atm. The average scrubber outlet parameters
for temperature, moisture, actual and dry flowrates were 34°C, 5.0%, 1496 acmm
and 1277 dscmm respectively.
Flue gas oxygen concentration data for the scrubber inlet were obtained
from the plant continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) system, the Radian CEM
system, and integrated bag samples (EPA Method 4). The average 0-
concentrations of the flue gas as measured by these three techniques were 9.5
vol%, 13.2 vol%, and 14.9 vol%, respectively. The Radian CEM data will be
used in subsequent section of this report when normalizing as-measured flue
gas concentrations of other species (e.g., dioxin, furan, CO, SO-, etc.) to a
reference oxygen level.
5.3 CONTINUOUS MONITORING DATA
Mean concentrations and standard deviations for combustion gases
monitored continuously at the incinerator outlet breeching are presented in
5-3
-------
TABLE 5-2. AVERAGE HEARTH TEMPERATURES FOR INCINERATOR SSI-C
DURING TESTING PERIODS
Hearth No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Run 1
7-9-85
799
1027
929
1310
1368
995
984
594
333
Run 2
7-10-85
835
1119
1034
1300
1386
1008
888
627
288 -
Run 3
7-11-85
859
1135
1047
1256
1345
- 859
590
324
200
Average
831
1094
1003
1289
1366
954
821
515
274
5-4
-------
TABLE 5-3. WET SCRUBBER SYSTEM OPERATING DATA
Parameter
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
Precooler Nozzle
flow (gpm)
Precooler weir
flow (gpm)
Under tray scrubber
flow (gpm)
Scrubber tray
flow (gpm)
Scrubber outlet
temperature (°F)
162
239
186
1347
98
162
241
185
1347
92
162
241
183
1363
89
162
240
185
1352
93
5-5
-------
TABLE 5-4. FLUE GAS PARAMETERS AT SITE SSI-C
Flue Gas Parameters
SCRUBBER INLET
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (vol .%)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Oxygen jC.ont.ent (vol.%)
Plant CEM
Radian CEM
EPA Method 4'
SCRUBBER OUTLET
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (vol .%)
Volumetric Flow Rate
Actual (acmm)
Dry Standard (dscmm)
Oxygen Content fvol%) "
EPA Method 3
Run 01
476
19.3
2950
900
9.2
13.0
" 14.9
37
5.8
1527
1281
18.3
Run 02
481
30.6
2990
780
9.6
12.7
14.7
33
4.6
1572
1348
17.8
Run 03
498
25.2
2560
710
9.8
13.8
15.1
32
4.7
- 1388
1202
16.4
Average
485
25.0
2830
800
; 9.5
13.2
14.9
34
5.0
1496
1277
17.5
Metric units are reported for all flue gas measurement data.
To convert to alternate units: F = 1.8 x C + 32
cfm = cmm x 35.3
5-6
-------
Table 5-5. Concentrations of CO, C02, NOX and S02 presented in Table 5-5 were
corrected or normalized to 3 percent oxygen by volume. The 02, CO, C02, and
NO values were measured on a dry basis. No valid THC data could be obtained
>\
due to instrument malfunctioning.
Comparison of mean 02 values in Table 5-5 shows similar values for all
three test runs. The other compound concentrations (CO, C02, S02, and NOX)
varied, as expected with the sludge feed rate from run to run. Run 2 had the
lowest feed rate (10.9 wet tons/hr), and the above-listed compound
concentrations (excluding S02) were similarly low. Run 3 (which had the
highest feed rate) and Run 1 (second highest) followed the same trend.
Figures 5-1 through 5-5 give the concentration histories for the-testing
periods for 02, CO, C02, NOX, and SOg. These figures show that incinerator
operation was fairly normal and consistent over the course of the testing
period. The THC analysis was invalidated because of equipment malfunctions,
and therefore these concentration histories are not included.
5.4 MM5 DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA.
5.4.1 Scrubber Inlet
Emission concentrations and emissions rate data measured at the scrubber
inlet are shown in Tables 5-6 and 5-7 for the 2378 TCDD, total PCDD, and total
PCDF species. The data include dioxin and furan collection in the entire MM5
train, including filter, XAD sorbent trap, impingers, and sample train
clean-up rinses. The concentration and rate data presented pertain to Runs 2
and 3. Run 1 data were -invalidated due to analytical difficulties, which will
be discussed in Section 8.3.1.1.
Average as-measured emissions concentrations of total PCDD, and total
PCDF species were 39 ng/dscm total PCDD and 172 ng/dscm total PCDF. When
corrected to 3% 02 using the Radian CEM oxygen concentration data, these
values correspond to 114 ng/dscm @ 3% 02; and 507 ng/dscm @ 3% 02,
respectively. Average emission rates for these species were 1770 ug/hr total
PCDD and 7680 ug/hr total PCDF. The concentrations of total PCDD and total
PCDF at the scrubber inlet were fairly consistent between the two test runs.
5-7
-------
TABLE 5-5. MEAN VALUES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF CONTINUOUSLY
MnMTTnotrn rnMniicTinM caccc a»D
MONITORED COMBUSTION GASES
Mean Concentration (Standard Deviation)
Parameter3' b'c
02 (% Vol.)
CO (ppmv @ 3% 02)
C02 (% vol @ 3% 02)
S02 (ppmv @ 3% 02)
NO^ (ppmv @ 3% 02)
THC (ppmv @ 3% 02)
Run 1
13.0
(0.6)
3018.2
(401.8)
13.9
(0.8)
c "
453.6
(38.9)
c
Run 2
12.7
(2.0)
2418.5
(1176.8)
10.6
(1.7)
516.9
(103.4)
298.9
(96.3)
c
Run 3 Average
13.8 13.2
(0.6)
3900.7 3112
(588.6)
14.9 13.1
(0.7)
490.4 503.7
(41.4)
503.9 418.8
(29.1)
c
Continuous gas sampling for combustion parameters was performed at the
incinerator outlet breeching (upstream of the scrubber).
DA11 concentrations expressed on a dry volume basis.
+
"Data not available due to instrument malfunction.
5-8
-------
SITE 12 - TEST
*&
:-!-
TSET T'ME
- TEST 2
z
a
t3'»a*Tj
TW
sr**
SITE 1 2 - TEST 3
%
Figure 5-1. Oxygen concentration history.
5-9
-------
8
X
r
P
SITE 1 2 - TEST 1
CARBON MONOXICE I
»
TEST TIME
f
2
SITE 1 2 - TEST 2
CiRSCM MONOXIDE PROFILE
CONCENTRAUON (ppmV d 3* ^tf
(VhouaoniJa)
!»
I
1
1
4_j
\
"'SSB
1 Vfe-*-0", a.
i
0'2 *
TEST TIME (l-'O'JRS'i
SITE 12 - TEST 3
MONOXIDE PROFILE
TEST T1MC (HOUH3)
Figure 5-2. Carbon monoxide concentration history.
5-10
-------
SITE 12 - TEST 1
C4HBCN DIOXIDE PKOTILg
9
>
CONCENTRATION (X
12 -
S -
8 -
5 -
3 -
- ~
> -
_ . o_yW!
-" ^. =tf^Sft[rra-i^»i«^n«Tsi « ^ 1
1
l.___ , , . . 1 ' 1
XV O
CONCENTRAT
10
TEST TIME !'HO'J*S)
SITE 1 2 - TEST 2
CiKBON QICXIOE
TEST TIME !.MOU«S>
SITE 1 2 - TEST 2
20 -p.
3
Figure 5-3. Carbon dioxide concentration history.
5-11
-------
eoo
~ soo
8
g
9
400
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I 20C
2
Ul
^ ,00
s
X
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=> 3C3
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I aaj
I
SITE 12 - TEST 1
OXIDES Of NfTROOEN PROFILE
TEST TIME (WOU«S)
SITE 1 2 - TEST 2
O'
-------
SITE 'i 2 - TEST 2
SULFUR C-IOXISE PROFILE
TEST TIME ''HOURS':
Q
SITE 12 - TEST 3
SULFUR DIOXIDE PROFILE
a*
. B
(SB1^
8
*-i-
TEST TIME (HOURS)
FIGURE 5-5. Sulfur Dioxide Concentration History
5-13
-------
TABLE 5-6. OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATION
DATA FOR SITE SSI-C (Scrubber Inlet)
Run Number
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCOF
Emissions Concentration
(as measured, ng/dscm)
Run 02
Run 03
NR
NR
49.5
28.6
175
168
Average
Emissions Rate Concentration
(corrected to 3% 0?,
ng/dscm @ 3% 02)
Run 02
Run 03
NR
NR
39.1
141
87.2
172
500
513
Average
114
507
NR » not reported by Troika.
Note: Results from Run 01 are invalid because the recoveries of analytical
surrogates were below acceptable levels specified in the Tier 4 QA/QC
Plan. See Section 8.3.1.1.
5-14
-------
TABLE 5-7. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS RATE
DATA FOR SITE-SSI-C (-Scrubber-Inlet) -
Run Number
Dioxin/Furan Emission Rate (ug/hr)
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Run 02
Run 03
Average
NR
NR
2320
1220
1770
8210
7150
7680
Note: Results from Run 01 are invalid.
NR = Data not reported by Troika.
5-15
-------
Isomer- and homo!ogue-specifie emission concentration data for the
scrubber inlet are summarized in Tables 5-8 and 5-9 for Runs 2 and 3.
Run-specific data tables showing homologue emission concentrations in both
ng/dscm and parts-per-trill ion units and homologue emission rates in ug/hr
units are included in Appendix D. Figure 5-6 is a histogram that shows the
relative distributions of the 2378 TCDD/TCDF isomers and the tetra- through
octa- PCDD/PCDF homologues in the scrubber inlet stream. The distribution of
dioxin species was fairly consistent for Runs 2 and 3. The hepta- and
octa-CDD homologues each accounted for roughly 40 percent of the dioxins
found. The furan species were also fairly well distributed. The tetra- and
penta-CDF homologues each accounted for roughly 30 percent of the furans
found, while the hepta- and octa-CDF homologues each contributed roughly 12
percent to total furan emissions.
Emission factors for the scrubber inlet at SSI-C are shown in Table 5-10.
Average emission factors for total PCDD and total PCDF were 0.829 ug total
PCDD emitted per Kg feed, and 3.52 ug total PCDF emitted per Kg feed. Emission
factors for the various dioxin and furan homologues varied considerably
between test runs. The emission factors are based on the dry sludge feed
rate.
5.4.2 Scrubber Outlet
Emissions concentration and emissions rate data measured at the scrubber
outlet sampling location are presented in Tables 5-11 and 5-12 for the 2378
TCDD, total PCDD, and total PCDF species. The data include dioxin and furan
captured by the entire MM5 train, including the filter, primary XAD sorbent
trap, back-up XAD sorbent trap, impingers and sample train clean-up rinses.
Average as-measured emissions concentrations of the 2378TTCDD, total
PCDD, and PCDF species were 0.03 ng/dscm 2378 TCDD; 10.1 ng/dscm total PCDD;
and 85.6 ng/dscm total PCDF. When corrected to 3% 02 using the Radian CEM
oxygen concentration data, these values correspond to 0.142 ng/dscm @ 3% CL;
52.7 ng/dscm @ 3% 02; and 446 ng/dscm @ 3% 02, respectively. Average emission
rates for the three species were 2.1 ug/hr 2378 TCDD, 780 ug/hr total PCDD,
and 6,570 ug/hr total PCDF. Emissions of 2378 TCDD varied little between
runs, while the total PCDD and PCDF emissions showed greater variability. The
emissions concentration of 2378 TCDD varied by 50 percent between runs and the
5-16
-------
TABLE 5-8. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE SSI-C INLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
; (ng/dson)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDO
Total " PCDD " "
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1.39E+00
ND( 7.88E-01)
2.85E+00
2.16E+01
2.37E+01
4.95E+01
1.65E+01
4.00E+01
3.60E+01
4.09E+00
3.92E+01
3.93E+01
1.75E+02
NR
4.23E+00
2.42E-01
3.32E+00
9.82E+00
1.10E+01
2.86E+01
3.94E+01
5.86E+01
5.28E+01
4.95E+00
5.77E+00
6.52E+00
1.68E+02
NR
2.81E+00
1.21E-01
3.09E+00
1.57E+01
1.74E+01
3.91E+01
2.80E+01
4.93E+01
4.44E+01
4.52E+00
2.25E+01
2.30E+01
1.72E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
NR 3 not reported by Troika.
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng = 1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
5-17
-------
TABLE 5-9. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR SITE SSI-C INLET
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
OIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3.98E+00
ND( 2.25E+00)
8.14E+00
6.16E+01
6.76E+01
1.41E+02
4.71E+01
1.14E+02
1.03E+02
1.17E+01
1.12E+02
1.12E+02
5.00E+02
NR
1.29E+01
7.37E-01
1.01E+01
3.00E+01
3.35E+01
8.72E+01
1.20E+02
1.79E+02
1.61E+02
1.51E+01
1.76E+01
2.02E+01
5.13E+02
NR
8.44E+00
3.69E-01
9.12E+00
4.58E+01
5.06E+01
1.14E+02
8.36E+01
1.47E+02
1.32E+02
1.34E+01
6.48E+01
6.61E+01
5.07E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NR » not reported fay Troika.
ND » not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ng * 1.0E-09g
8760 operating hours per year
5-13
-------
TABLE 5-10. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS FOR SITE SSI-C INLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDO
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3.27E-02
ND( 1.85E-02)
6.68E-02
5.06E-01
5.55E-01
1.16E+00
3.87E-01
9.39E-01
8.44E-01
9.60E-02
9.19E-01
9.22E-01
4.11E+00
NR
7.34E-02
4.19E-03
5.77E-02
1.70E-01
1.90E-01
4.96E-01
6.84E-01
1.02E+00
9.16E-01
8.60E-02
l.OOE-01
1.15E-01
2.92E+00
NR
5.31E-02
2.10E-03
6.23E-02
3.38E-01
3.73E-01
8.29E-Q1
5.36E-01
9.80E-01
8.80E-01
9.10E-02
5.10E-01
5.19E-01
3.52E+00
NOTE': Emission factors are defined as'the ug of dioxin/furan
emitted per'kg dry sludge feed to the incinerator.
NR = not reported by Troika.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ug =« 1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year
5-19
-------
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
o
5
£
1
SSI-C
2378 TCDD Other TCDD PentaODD HexaCOD Hepta-CDD Octa-CDD
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUE
[771 RUN 02 VTA RUN 03
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE INLET
a
o
0.9 -
o.a -
0.7 -
0.6 -
o.s -
0.4 -
0.3 -
0.2 -
0.1 -
SSI-C
237S TCDF Other TCDF PentaCDF HexaCDF HeptaCDF Octa-CDF
FURAN HOMOLOGUE
RUN 02 &77\ RUN 03
Figure 5-6. Dioxin and furan homologue distributions of the
wet scrubber inlet emissions for Site SSI-C
5-20
-------
TABLE 5-11. OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSIONS
CONCENTRATION DATA FOR SITE SSI-C (Outlet).
Run Number
ng/dscm (as-measured)
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
na/dscm @ 3% 0~a
c.
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Emissions
2378 TCDD
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.16
0.13
0.14
0.14
Concentration*
Total PCDD
4.7
15.5
10.2
10.1
31.0
87.2
39.8
52.7
.nq/dsem .
Total PCDF
54.1
108.0
94.5
85.6
360
608
370
446
Flue gas concentration data corrected to 3% 0, using the EPA Method 3 data
in Table 5-4. '
5-21
-------
TABLE 5-12. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN AND FURAN EMISSION
RATE DATA FOR SITE SSI-C -(Outlet) -
Run Number
Dioxin/Furan Emission Rate, uq/hr
2378 TCDD
Total PCDD
Total PCDF
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
1.8
1.9
2.6
2.1
357
1,250
734
780
4,150
8,750
6,810
6,570
5-22
-------
concentrations of total PCOF and total PCDD varied by factors of 2 and 3,
respectively.
Isomer- and homo!ogue-specifie emission concentration data are summarized
in Table 5-13 and 5-14 for the three test runs. Run specific data tables
showing homologue emission concentrations in both ng/dscm and parts-per-
trillion units, and homologue emission rates in ug/hr units are included in
Appendix 0. Detectable quantities of each targeted dioxin and furan species
were found in the flue gas samples.
Figure 5-7 is a histogram that shows the relative distributions of the
2378 TCDD/TCDF isomers and the tetra- through octa- PCDD/PCDF homologues in
the scrubber outlet emissions (mole basis). The distribution of dioxin/furan
species varied widely between the different homologues, and varied to a less
extent from run-to-run. The 2378 TCDD isomer accounted for less than 1
percent of the total dioxins analyzed for, and roughly 1 to 2 percent of the
tetra-homologue total for individual test runs. The contributions of the
tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxin homologues to the total PCDD emissions
were: tetra, 13-33%; penta, 1-3%; hexa, 11-19%; hepta, 26-40%; and octa,
19-29%. The contributions of the tetra through octa-chlorinated furan
homologues to the total PCDF emissions were: tetra, 41-63%; penta, 18-29%;
hexa, 4-8%; hepta, 2-19%; and octa, 1-14%.
Emission factors for the various dioxin and furan homologues were
reasonably consistent between test runs. Emission factors based on the dry
sludge feed rates are shown in Table 5-15. Average emission factors were
0.0009 ug 2378 TCDD emitted per kg dry sludge feed; 0.363 ug total PCDD
emitted per kg dry sludge feed; and 3.01 ug total PCDF emitted per kg dry
sludge feed.
5.4.3 Summary of Scrubber Inlet/Outlet Dioxin and Furan Emissions Data
for Site SSI-C
The dioxin/furan removal efficiency of the control device is calculated
from the difference of the inlet and outlet concentration of each dioxin/furan
homologue divided by the inlet concentration of each homologue.
5-23
-------
TABLE 5-13. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS CONCENTRATION
DATA FOR SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-COD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
2.33E-02
1.26E+00
1.33E-01
8.80E-01
1.30E+00
1.06E+00
4.65E+00
1.01E+01
2.25E+01
1.67E+01
2.77E+00
1.30E+00
5.98E-01
5.41E+01
2.30E-02
1.56E+00
1.97E-01
1.56E+00
7.27E+00
4.90E+00
1.55E+01
9.18E+00
2.95E+01
1.91E+01
8.59E+00
2.35E+01
1.83E+01
1.08E+02
3.62E-02
1.85E+00
3.08E-01
1.61E+00
3.55E+00
2.83E+00
1.02E+01
1.12E+01
3.41E+01
2.44E+01
7.48E+00
l.OOE+01
7.36E+00
9.45E+01
2.75E-02
1.55E+00
2.13E-01
1.35E+00
4.04E+00
2.93E+00
1.01E+01
1.02E+01
2.87E+01
2.01E+01
6.28E+00
1.16E+01
8.74E+00
8.56E+01
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
5-24
-------
TABLE 5-14.
SUMMARY OF DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS CONCENTRATION
DATA FOR SITE SSI-C OUTLET
(Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen)
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
tsomer Concentration in Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa^CCD, ._
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.55E-01
8.37E+00
8.86E-01
5.87E+00
8.64E+00
, J.09E+00
3.10E+01
6.76E+01
1.50E+02
1.12E+02
1.85E+01
8.64E+00
3.99E+00
3.60E+02
1.30E-01
8.75E+00
1.11E+00
8.79E+00
4.09E+01
2.76E+01
8.72E-H01
5.16E+01
1.66E+02
1.08E+02
4.83E+01
1.32E+02
1.03E+02
6.08E+02
1.42E-01
7.23E+00
1.21E+00
6.31E+00
1.39E+01
1.11E+01
3.98E+01
4.38E+01
1.33E+02
9.56E+01
2.93E+01
3.91E+01
2.88E+01
3.70E+02
1.42E-01
8.12E+00
1.07E+00
6.99E+00
2.11E+01
1.52E+01
5.27E+01
5.43E+01
1.50E+02
1.05E+02
3.20E+01
6.00E+01
4.52E+01
4.46E+02
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
5-25
-------
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
I
o
o
SSI-C
2378 TCDD Other TCDD P«nta-CDD Hexa-CDD H«pta-CDD Octa-CDD
DIOXIN HOMOLOGUE
V7\ RUN 01 fT/ft RUN 02 IX?3I RUN 03
FURAN HOMOLOGUES AT THE OUTLET
SSI-C
1 -
0.9 -
0.8 -
0.7 -
0.6 -
0.5 -
0.4 -
0.3 -
0.2 -
O.1 -
1
2378
U
?/
%
pr*
x/y
I
&
!\>
I
I
ss
//y/<> ₯?%£& ^<%w %~Z>
TCDF Other TCDF Penta CDF Hexa CDF H«pta CDF Octa CDF
FURAN HOMOLOGUE
IZ23 RUN 01 ^3 RUN 02 K3 RUN 03
Figure 5-7. Dioxin and furan homologue distributions of the
wet scrubber outlet emissions for Site SSI-C
5-26
-------
TABLE 5-15. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSION FACTORS FOR SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Dioxln/Furan
Isomer
Dioxin/Furan Emission Factors (ug/kg)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Avg.
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
8.12E-04
4.39E-02
4.64E-03
3.08E-02
4.53E-02
3.71E-02
1.62E-01
3.54E-01
7.86E-01
5.85E-01
9.69E-02
4.53E-02
2.09E-02
1.89E+00
9.31E-04
6.29E-02
7.98E-03
6.32E-02
2.94E-01
1.98E-01
6.27E-01
3.71E-01
1.19E+00
7.73E-01
3.47E-01
9.50E-01
7.38E-01
4.37E+00
1.07E-03
5.44E-02
9.06E-03
4.74E-02
1.04E-01
8.32E-02
3.00E-01
3.29E-01
l.OOE+00
7.19E-01
2.20E-01
2.94E-01
2.16E-01
2.78E+00
9.37E-04
5.37E-02
7.23E-03
4.71E-02
1.48E-01
1.06E-01
3.63E-01
3.52E-01
9.94E-01
6.92E-01
2.21E-01
4.30E-01
3.25E-01
3.01E+00
NOTE: Emission Factors are defined as the ug of dioxin/furan emitted per kg of
dry sludge feed to the incinerator.
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
ug = 1.0E-06g
8760 operating hours per year
kg = 1.0E+03g
-------
Each homologue concentration value is considered to have an analytical
uncertainly of + 50%. An analysis of the uncertainty of the control device
efficiency (contained in Appendix G) indicated that with a measured efficiency
of greater than 66.7%, the removal efficiency is most likely positive. With
measured efficiencies between 66.7% and -200%, a definite conclusion cannot be
drawn concerning the true removal efficiency, and below -200%, the removal
efficiency is most likely negative.
The measured scrubber removal efficiencies for each dioxin/furan
homologue at Site SSI-C are summarized in Table 5-16. Concentrations
corrected to 3 percent oxygen were used for the calculations. Removal
efficiencies varied widely and inconclusively. Run 01 inlet data were not
available due to inadequate surrogate recoveries of labeled isomers.
5.5 SLUDGE FEED PRECURSOR DATA
As discussed in section 4.1 composite sewage sludge samples were, taken
for each run, and analyzed for dioxin/furan precursors. Table 5-17 summarizes
the results of the precursor analyses performed. The only precursors detected
were dichlorobenzenes at an average concentration of 11 ppb. Concentrations
of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated phenols were below detectable limits.
A total organic halide (TOX) analysis was performed on the sludge feed sample
from Run 01, but the TOX levels were found to be below the detectable limit
(i.e., < 10 ppm).
In addition, composite feed samples and the fuel oil were analyzed for
total chloride and total organic halides. The results of theses analyses are
summarized in Table 5-18. The total chlorine content of the sludge averaged
295 ppm (analyzed on an as-is basis.)
5.6 BOTTOM ASH AND SCRUBBER SLOWDOWN DIOXIN/FURAN DATA
Hourly samples of incinerator bottom ash and scrubber blowdown water were
taken during the test runs and composited for analysis. The dioxin/furan
concentrations in the bottom ash are shown in Table 5-19. The only detected
isomers, all detected in quantities less than 1 ppb, were: TCDF, hexa-CDF,
hepta-CDF, and OCDD.
5-28
-------
TABLE 5-16. SCRUBBER REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES AT SITE SSI-C4
Homologue
Scrubber Removal Efficiency, (%)
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-119.9
NA
-8.0
33.6
59.2
38.2
NA
44.0
-64.2
37.5
53.7
66.9
54.4
NA
-38.0
-64.2
14.8
43.7
63.1
46.3
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-9.6
-45.6
-4.9
-312.8
-17.9
8.0
-21.6
63.5
25.7
40.6
-94.0
-122.2
-42.6
27.9
27.0
-10.0
17.9
-203.4
-70.1
-17.3
3.2
Concentrations used in the calculation were corrected to 3 percent
oxygen.
NA = not applicable. Inlet results for Run 01 and the 2378 TCDD isomer
were invalid for all three runs. Additionally, the penta-CDD
isomer was not detected in the Run 02 inlet sample.
5-29
-------
TABLE 5-17. SUMMARY OF DIOXIN PRECURSOR DATA
FOR SITE SSI-C FEED SAMPLES
Precursor Categories
Precursor Concentration, uo/g (pom)
Sludge Feed Sample
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Average
Total Chlorinated Benzenes 0.003
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls ND
Total Chlorinated Phenols ND
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
.011
ND
ND
ND - not detected.
5-30
-------
TABLE 5-18. SUMMARY OF TOTAL CHLORIDE AND TOTAL
ORGANIC HALIDE DATA FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE FEED
Test Run
Run 01
Run 02
Run 03
Average
Total Chloride
(ppm)
304.4
279.7
300.9
295.0
Total Organic
Halogen
(TOX)
ND
NA
NA
--
ND = not detected
NA = not available. Only Run 1 sludge feed sample was
analyzed for TOX.
5-31
-------
TABLE 5-19.
DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATIONS IN
THE BOTTOM ASH AT SITE SSI-C
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
All TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
All TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
Dioxin/Furan
Run 01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
'0.02
ND
ND
ND
0.06
0.03
ND
0.09
Content (parts
Run 02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
0.02
ND
0.12
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.12
per billion)
Run 03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND = not detected. Detection limits ranged from 0.001 to 0.1 ppb,
with an average detection limit of 0.01 ppb.
5-32
-------
The scrubber water samples were filtered, resulting in two distinct
components: filterable scrubber solids, and scrubber filtrate. The results of
the dioxin/furan analyses for the solids are given in Table 5-20 and the
filtrate analyses are given in Table 5-21. The between-run dioxin/furan
concentrations were fairly consistent for both sample components. The vast
majority (over 95 percent) of the dioxin/furans in the solids were'found in
the tetra-, penta--, and hexa-CDF isomers. Only minor quantities-(less than 3
parts per trillion of any given isomer) were detected in the filtrate.
5.7 SOIL SAMPLING DATA
Dioxin/furan analyses have not yet been performed on the soil sample
obtained at Site SSI-C.
5.8 AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING
During the test period at Site SSI-C, ambient air samples were taken. In
all, 24 hours of continuous ambient air samples were taken (8 hours for 3
days) and composited into one sample for dioxin/furan analysis. The results
of the analysis are shown in Table 5-22. Minor quantities of some PCDD/PCDF
homologues were detected in the ambient air.
' 5-33.
-------
TABLE 5-20.
DIOXIN/FURAN CONTENT OF THE SCRUBBER
SLOWDOWN SOLIDS AT SITE SSI-C
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Amount of Dioxin/Furan Detected (nanograms)
Run 01 Run 02 Run 03
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
All TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
ND
2.3
0.3
2.4
1.8
1.4
8.2
ND
3.3
0.5
2.4
2.3
2.3
10.8
ND
4.1
ND
3.3
2.8
2.3
12.5
Furans
2378 TCDF
All TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
18.9
84.0
38.1
14.1
1.5
0.2
156.8
20.6
95.5
43.9
12.5
1.5
0.2
174.2
27.2
122.8
62.5
17.8
1,8
0.2
232.3
ND = not detected.
Approximately 15 litres of scrubber blowdown water was filtered
each run.
5-34
-------
TABLE 5-21. DIOXIN/FURAN CONCENTRATIONS IN
SCRUBBER FILTRATE AT SITE SSI-C
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
All TCDD.
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
All TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
Dioxin/Furan
.Run 01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.2
0.2
ND
ND
0.1
0.1
0.2
ND
0.4
Content (carts
Run 02
ND
0.1
ND
0.2
ND
0.1
0.4
NO
3.0
2.0
0.8
0.1
ND
5.9
per trill ion)
Run 03
' ND
0.1
ND
ND
ND
0.1
0.2
ND
3.0
2.0
0.7
' 0.1
ND
5.8
ND = not detected.
5-35
-------
TABLE 5-22. DIOXIN/FURAN CONTENT OF AMBIENT AIR SAMPLES AT SITE SSI-C
Dioxins/Furans
Amount of Dioxin/Furan Detected
ng/dscm
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
ND (0.0004)
ND (0.005)
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.023
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
0.02
0.09
0.035
0.015
ND (0.01)
ND (0.002)
0.16
ND - not detected at specified minimum limits of detection,
5-36
-------
6.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND PROCEDURES
Samples were collected from six different locations around the Site 12
incinerator. The specific sampling locations were shown previously in
Figure 4-1. Two of the locations were for gaseous -sampling, one was for -
liquid/slurry sampling, and three were for solids sampling. The source
sampling and analysis matrix previously shown in Table 4-1 gave the sample
locations, the parameters measured, the sampling methods, and the analysis
methods.
Details on the sampling locations and methods are discussed in Sections
6.1 through 6.3. Analytical procedures for continuous monitoring samples and
molecular weight determinations are included in section 6.1. All other
analytical procedures are discussed in.Section 7.
6.1 GASEOUS SAMPLING
Three types of gaseous samples were taken during this test program:
Modified Method 5 (MM5), EPA Method 3, and continuous emissions monitoring
(CEM). The sampling locations and methods are further discussed in this
section.
6.1.1 Gaseous Sampling Locations
6.1.1.1 Scrubber Exhaust Stack. The scrubber exhaust stack sampling
location for Incinerator SSI-C was shown as Point A in Figure 4-1. This
location was used for dioxin/furan sampling according to MM5 procedures
described in Section 6.1.2. EPA Methods 2, 3, and 4 were also performed to
determine the volumetric flow rate, molecular weight and moisture content of
the exhaust gas, respectively.
The sample port locations and dimensions are shown in Figure 6-1. The
inside diameter of the stack was 1.3m (4.3 ft.). Two 4-inch diameter ports,
oriented 90 degrees apart, were used for sampling. The sampling platform was
approximately six stories above ground level and enclosed in the incinerator
6-1
-------
(TO FAN) 29 Ft.
13 Ft'.
TO I.D. FAN
& ATMOSPHERE
O O
Ports
FLOW CONTROL
DAMPER
t
CROSS-SECTION
(4 in.)
I.D. SAMPLE PORTS
TEST PLATFORM
FLOW FROM SCRUBBER
Figure 6-1. Incinerator SSI-C existing scrubber outlet sampling location,
6-c
-------
building. The. sample ports were 12 feet (approximately three equivalent stack
diameters) downstream of a flow control damper and 30 feet (approximately
seven equivalent stack diameters) upstream of the induced draft fan. The
static pressure was -13 inches of water at the sample ports, and the gas
stream temperature averaged 90°F during the test periods.
Sampling was conducted using 24 traverse points. Sampling was conducted
for 10 minutes per traverse point for a total of four hours of on-line
sampling.
6.1.1.2 Scrubber Inlet (Incinerator Outlet). The scrubber inlet
sampling location (i.e., incinerator outlet) was shown as Point B on
Figure 4-1. This location was used for dioxin/furan sampling according to the
MM5 procedure described in Section 6.1.2 and also for continuous monitoring of
02, CO, C02, S02, NOX and THC. EPA Methods 2, 3, and 4 were also performed to
determine the volumetric flow rate, molecular weight of the exhaust gas, and
moisture content of the exhaust gas, respectively.
The sample port locations and dimensions are shown in Figure 6-2. The
inlet sampling location was a rectangular 10-feet wide by 7-feet high,
horizontal duct. The duct had six 4-inch ports "spaced approximately one foot
apart vertically on the duct.
The ports were approximately 40 inches downstream from the top of the
incinerator and eight feet upstream of a 90° bend in the duct. The gas
temperature averaged 904°F during the test periods.
This location did not meet the minimum specifications for sample port
locations as outlined in EPA Method 1. Forty-eight traverse points were used.
Each point was sampled for 5 minutes, for a total of four hours of on-line
sampling.
Continuous monitoring was conducted at this location using a port not in
service for the dioxin/furan train. The heat-traced sample line was routed
through a window and down the side of the building to the mobile laboratory.
Approximately 150 feet of heat-traced sample line was required.
6-3
-------
GRADE
TO SCRUBBER
INSULATION =0.3 m (1 ft) THICKNESS
PLAN
ELEVATION
=3.05 m (10 ft)
I
INCINERATOR
1,
,., FLOW =2.1 m
"j"
H
t
£
1 -4 111
T (13 ft)
=2.1 m
(7 ft)
OTCQ 3 m
old ft)
O
Q
o
o
PORTS 4 1n-)
INCINERATOR
Figure 6-2. Incinerator SSI-C scrubber inlet sampling location.
6-4
-------
6.1.2 Gas Sampling Procedures
Gas sampling procedures used during this program are discussed in detail
in the Tier 4 QAPP.1 A summary of the gas sampling methods used at Site SSI-C
is given in Table 6-1, and a brief description of each method is provided in
the following sections.
6.1.2..1 Modified Method 5 (MM5). Gas sampling for dioxins was conducted
according to the October 1984 draft of the ASME chlorinated organic compound
sampling protocol with two exceptions. This sampling method is a modified
version of EPA Method 5 that includes a solid sorbent module for trapping
vapor phase organics. The only differences in the sampling protocol which
were not discussed in the Tier 4 QAPP are:
(1) Benzene was substituted for hexane or toluene as both the cleanup
and extractant solvent for both the, MM5 filters and the XAD-2 resin.
This was caused by a discrepancy between the draft ASME sampling
protocol and the draft ASME analytical protocol. (November 16, 1985)
(2) Methylene chloride was substituted for hexane as the final field
rinse solvent for the MM5 train. Methylene chloride was also
substituted for hexane in the glassware cleaning procedure. This
was caused by a high field blank train. (February 27, 1985)
At the exhaust stack location, the MM5 samples were collected over a
4-hour sample period in an attempt to provide a targeted minimum sample volume
of 3.4 dscm (120dscf). The nozzle selected was slightly- smaller than the
ideal diameter, but the next nozzle size was too large. Thus a slightly
smaller sample volume was collected (about 105 dscf ) .
The MM5 samples were collected within the + 10% isokinetic error range
except for Run 2. Run 2 was 86% isokinetic; however, this is not expected to
affect the dioxin results.
-------
TABLE 6-1. SUMMARY OF GAS SAMPLING METHODS FOR SITE SSI-C
Sample Location
Sample Type
or Parameter
Sample
Collection Method
Scrubber Outlet
Exhaust Stack
(Point A in
Figure 4-1)
Scrubber Inlet
(Point B 1n
Figure 4-1)
D1ox1n/furan
Volumetric flow
Molecular weight
Moisture
D1ox1n/furan
Volumetric flow
Molecular weight
Moisture
CO, C02> 02> N0x<
S02, and THC
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
Modified EPA Method 5
EPA Method 2
EPA Method 3
EPA Method 4
Continuous Monitors
6-6
-------
At the incinerator outlet the MM5 samples were collected isokinetically
over a'four hour sampling period providing a minimum sample volume of 2.5 dscm
(90 dscf).
Based on the QAPP, the MM5 sampling rate at both locations was targeted
to be between 0.014 and 0.021 scmm (0.5 "and 0.75 scfm). Due to the smaller
nozzle size at the exhaust stack location, the sampling rate was about 0.45
scfm. At the incinerator outlet the sampling rate ranged from 0.65 to 0.73
scfm.
Following sample recovery, the various parts of the sample (filter,
solvent rinses, sorbent trap, etc.) were sent to the EPA's Troika laboratories
to quantify 2,3,7,8-TCDD, the tetra- through octa-PCDD homologues, and the
tetra- through octa-PCDF homologues present in the samples.
A schematic diagram of the MM5 sampling train is shown in Figure 6-3.
Flue gas is pulled from the stack through a nozzle and a glass-lined probe.
Particulate matter is removed from the gas stream by means of a glass fiber
filter housed in a teflon-sealed glass filter holder maintained at 120°C±14°C
(248+25°F). The gas passes through a sorbent trap similar to that illustrated
in Figure 6-4 for removal of organic constituents. The trap consists of
separate sections for cooling the gas stream, and adsorbing the organic
R
compounds on Amber!ite XAD-2 resin (XAD). A chilled impinger train following
the sorbent trap is used to remove water from the flue gas, and a dry gas
meter is used to measure the sample gas flow.
6.1.2.2 Volumetric Gas Flow Rate Determination. The volumetric gas flow
rate was determined using EPA Method 2. Based on this method, the volumetric
gas flow rate is determined by measuring the average velocity of the flue gas
and the cross-sectional area of the duct. The average flue gas velocity is
calculated from the average gas velocity pressure ( P) across an S-type pi tot
tube, the average flue gas temperature, the wet molecular weight, and the
absolute static pressure.
6-7
-------
Lrtl
-------
23/13
XAD-2
Trap "^
CTD
i Cfc-Th
Ce«r«o Frit
23/12
Thermocouple Well
28/12
Figure 6-4 Adsorbent sampling system.
6-9
-------
6.1.2.3 Flue Gas Moisture Determination. The moisture content of the
flue gas was determined using EPA Method 4. Based on this method, a known
volume of particulate-free gas is pulled through a chilled impinger train.
The quantity of condensed water was determined gravimetrically and then
related to the volume of gas sample to determine the moisture content.
6.1.2.4 Flue Gas Molecular Weight Determination. The integrated
sampling technique described in EPA Method 3 was used to obtain a composite
flue gas sample for fixed gas (02, CO-, N2) analysis. The fixed gas analysis
was used to determine the molecular weight of the gas stream. A small
diaphragm pump and a stainless steel probe were used to extract single point
flue gas samples. The samples were collected at the sampling ports using
P
Tedlar bags. Moisture was removed from the gas sample by a water-cooled
condenser so that the fixed gas analysis was on a dry basis.
The composition of the gas sample was determined using a Shimadzu Model
3BT analyzer instead of the Fyrite or Orsat analyzer prescribed in Method 3.
The Shimadzu instrument employs a gas chromatograph and a thermal conductivity
detector to determine the fixed gas composition of the sample.
6.1.2.5 Continuous Emissions Monitoring. Continuous emissions
monitoring was performed in the exhaust stack for 02, C02, CO, NOX, S02 and
THC throughout the period that dioxin sampling was being conducted each test
day. The primary intent of the continuous monitoring effort was to observe
fluctuations in flue gas parameters, and to provide an indication of
combustion conditions. Sample acquisition was accomplished using an in-stack
filter probe and Teflon sample line connected to a mobile laboratory. The
heat-traced sample line was maintained at a temperature of at least 102°C
(250°F) to prevent condensation in the sample line. The stack gas sample was
drawn through the filter and sample line using pumps located in the mobile
laboratory. Sample gas to be analyzed for 02, C02, CO, S02 and NO was pumped
through a sample gas conditioner, which consisted of an ice bath and knockout
trap. The sample gas conditioner removes moisture and thus provides a dry gas
stream for analysis. A separate unconditioned gas stream was supplied to the
THC analyzer for analysis on a wet basis.
6-10
-------
An Anarad Model 412 nondispersive.infrared analyzer was used to measure
CO and CCL; a Beckman Model 755 paramagnetic analyzer was used to measure 02;
and a Beckman Model 402 flame ionization analyzer was used to measure THC.
Also, a Teco Model 10AR chemiluminescence analyzer was used to measure NO ;
/\
and a Teco Model 40 pulsed fluorescence analyzer was -used to--raeasure S02-
Calibration of the continuous monitors was performed according to the
procedures outlined in the QAPP. These procedures included a three point (two
upscale plus zero) linearity check on the first test day, single point and
zero point calibration checks daily, and single point drift checks at the end
of each test day.
6.2 SLURRY SAMPLING
For each test run, three composite samples of scrubber effluent were
collected. The scrubber effluent was sampled hourly from a sampling tap on a
1-inch pipe near the bottom of the scrubber. The line was flushed before;each
sample was taken.
Troika had requested that the scrubber effluent be filtered into a
filterable solids sample and a corresponding filtrate sample. The hourly
scrubber effluent samples were filtered using a pressurized filtration system
shown schematically in Figure 6-5. The apparatus consisted of a pressure
D
filtration vessel, Whatman No. 42 filters, a tank of high-purity nitrogen, a
two-stage regulator, and a container for filtrate collection. Approximately
one gallon of scrubber blowdown slurry was filtered each hour. About 1/4
gallon at a time was poured into the pressure vessel and the vessel was slowly
pressurized with the nitrogen to a maximum pressure of 50 psig. The time
required to filter a gallon was approximately 20 to 30 minutes.
The filters used to separate the scrubber solids and aqueous filtrate
have a rated collection efficiency of greater than 99 percent for particles
larger than 3 microns. To minimize the required filtering time, the filters
were replaced after every two liters of scrubber blowdown were filtered. The
used filters and collected solids were removed from the pressure device with
pre-cleaned teflon-coated tweezers and placed in a precleaned Petri dish.
6-11
-------
CO
[I]
09
«
as
CJ
en
z
o
S3
M
FC4
cn
en
P-
w
LO
I
0)
M
00
O
O
6-12
-------
About six gallons of scrubber effluent were sampled for each test run
producing about 1 gram of filterable solids each run. A one gallon composite
of the "scrubber effluent filtrate and the filterable solids were submitted to
Troika. The scrubber effluent samples analyzed for chlorinated styrene and
chlorinated napthalene were filtered in a similar manner. In addition to the
filtered scrubber effluent samples, one liter composite samples of unfiltered
scrubber effluent were collected for each run. These samples were returned to
Radian for determination of solids content (weight percent solids).
6.3 SOLIDS SAMPLING
At Site SSI-C, solid samples were collected of the feed sludge, the
incinerator bottom ash and the soil surrounding the plant. The sampling
locations and methods are discussed in the following sections.
6.3.1 Feed Sludge Sampling -- ------
Four identical composite samples of the feed sludge were prepared from
hourly grab samples for each test run. The sludge was collected from the feed
conveyor using a scoop. The hourly samples were placed in a covered Tier 4-
cleaned stainless steel bucket and thoroughly mixed with a drill with a mixing
attachment for compositing. The samples were sent to Radian/RTP for dioxin
precursor analysis, to Research Triangle Institute for total chloride
analysis, to Region V for chlorinated styrene and chlorinated naphthalene
analysis and to Troika for dioxin/furan analysis (which was not performed).
6.3.2 Bottom Ash Sampling
Two identical composite samples of the incinerator bottom ash were
prepared from the hourly samples for each test run. The ash was collected
from the bottom hearth of the incinerator and composited in a covered Tier
4-cleaned stainless steel bucket. The samples were sent to Troika for
dioxin/furan analysis and to Region V for chlorinated styrene and chlorinated
naphthalene analysis.
6-13
-------
6.3.3 Soil Sampling
The third solid sample collected was a single composite soil sample
comprised of 10 individual soil samples. Soil sampling protocol for Tiers 3,
5, 6, and 7 of the National Dioxin Study are specified in tha document,
"Sampling Guidance Manual for the National Dioxin Study." A similar protocol
was used for soil sampling at Site SSI-C. A total of 10 soil sampling
locations were selected according to the directed site selection approach
described in the above document. The 10 individual soil sampling locations
were discussed and determined in conjunction with plant personnel on-site.
The 10 individual soil sampling locations are shown in Figure 6-6.
Soil samples were collected by forcing a bulb planter into the soil to a
depth of three inches. The soil samples were composited in a Tier 4-cleaned
stainless steel bucket. Five hundred grams of the composite were placed in a
950 ml glass amber bottle and archived at Radian for potential dioxin/furan
analysis by Troika.
6-14-
-------
on
H
LJ
0
I a
i r
1 J
i
o
I
00
(O
u
o
CL
co
o
CO
to
ol
-(->
o
SI
CD
t/5
6-15
-------
-------
7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Laboratory procedures used to quantify dioxins/furans and dioxin/furan
precursors in the Tier 4 samples are described in this section. MM5 train
samples were analyzed by EPA's Troika laboratories for dioxin/furan content.
Procedures used for these analyses are described in detail in the Analytical
Procedures and QA Plan for the Analysis of Tetra through Octa CDD's and CDF's
in Samples from Tier 4 Combustion and Incineration Processes (addendum to
EPA/600/3-85-019, April 1985). These procedures are summarized in
Section 7.1.
Combustion device feed samples from Site SSI-C were analyzed by Radian to
determine concentrations of chlorinated phenols (CP), chlorobenzenes (CB),
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total organic halogen (TOX) and total
chlorine. Procedures used for these analyses are detailed in Section 7.2.
7.1 DIOXINS/FURANS
The analytical procedures summarized in this section were used by Troika
for dioxin/furan analysis of MM5 train samples from Site SSI-C. Samples
consisting of organic solvents, aqueous solutions, and solids were prepared
for analysis using slightly different procedures. The organic solvent samples
consisted of rinses from the MM5 probe, nozzle, filter housing and condenser
coil. Aqueous samples consisted of impinger catch solutions, and solid
samples included filters and XAD resin. Isotopically-labeled surrogate
compounds were added to all samples prior to extraction to allow determination
of method efficiency and for quantification purposes.
Organic liquid samples (e.g., acetone and methylene chloride-based MM5
train rinses) were concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown apparatus. The
residue, which contained particulate matter from the MM5 train probe and
nozzle, was combined with the filter and handled as a solid sample. Solid
samples were extracted with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for a period of at
least 16 hours. The extract was concentrated by nitrogen blowdown and
subjected to chromatographic cleanup procedures.
Aqueous solutions (e.g., MM5 train impinger samples) were extracted with
hexane by vigorous shaking for a three hour period. This extraction procedure
7-1
-------
was repeated three times, with the organic fractions ultimately being combined
and concentrated for chromatographic cleanup.
The cleanup procedure involved using liquid chromatographic columns to
separate the compounds of interest from other compounds present in the
samples. Four different types of columns were used: a combination acid and
base modified silica gel column, a basic alumina column, a PX-21 carbon/eelite
545 column and a silica/diol micro column. These were used in successive
steps, with the last two being used only if necessary.
The cleaned samples were analyzed using high resolution gas
chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The conditions for
the analyses were as follows:
Gas Chromatograph - Injector configured for capillary column, splitless
injection; injector temperature 280°C; helium carrier gas at 1.2 ml/min;
initial column temperature 100°C: final column temperature 240°C; interface
temperature 270°C.
Mass Spectrometer - Varian/MAT Model 311A; electron energy 70ev; filament
emission IMA; mass resolution 8000 to 10,000; ion source temperature 270°C.
7.2 DIOXIN/FURAN PRECURSORS
Feed samples for Site SSI-C were analyzed by Radian/RTP for chlorophenols
(CP), chlorobenzenes (CB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC/MS; total
organic ha!ides (TOX) by GC/Hall detector; total chlorine by Parr Bomb
combustion followed by ion chromatography. Analytical procedures are
discussed in the following sections.
7.2.1 GC/MS Analyses
The analytical procedures used for determining CP, CB, and PCB
concentrations in feed samples are modified versions of procedures typically
used for the analysis of MM5 train components. These procedures involve
7-2
-------
initial extraction of the sample with an appropriate solvent, preliminary
separation of the compounds of interest by solvent partitioning and liquid
chromatography, and analysis of the processed fractions. Solutions containing
CB and PCB are injected directly into the GC/MS, and solutions containing CP
are derivatized prior to injection. Details on the procedures,Jised for.
Site SSI-C samples are provided in the sections below.
7.2.1.1 Sample Preparation
A flow chart for the sample preparation procedure used for Site SSI-C
feed samples is shown in Figure 7-1. The first step in the procedure involved
adding labeled surrogate compounds to provide a measure of extraction method
efficiency. The next step involved adding a mixture of 50/50 MeCl^/Hexanes to
the sample and sonicating the sample for 30 minutes. The sonicated sample was
filtered and the filtrate was extracted three times in a separatory funnel
with 50 ml 0.5 N NaOH and the aqueous and organic fractions were saved for
derivatization and/or further cleanup. The aqueous fraction (or acids
portion) was acidified to pH2 with 1:1 H2$04 and then extracted three times
with 50 ml MeClg. The MeCl2 from this extraction was dried with anhydrous
Na2SO., exchanged to benzene, and concentrated using a nitrogen blowdown
apparatus. Acetylation of any CP present in the sample involved the following
steps:
1. 2.0 ml isooctane, 2.0 ml acetonitrile, 50 uL pyridine, and 20 uL
acetic, anhydride were added to the extract. The test tube
containing the extract was placed in a 60°C water bath for 15
minutes and was shaken 30 seconds every 2 minutes.
2. 6 ml of 0.01 N_ HjPO^ to the test tube, and the sample was agitated
for 2 minutes on a wrist action shaker.
3. The organic layer was removed and the quantitation standard was
added. The sample was concentrated in a Reacti-Vial at room
temperature (using prepurified N2) to 1 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
Cleanup of the organic (or base/neutrals) layer from the first 0.5 N NaOH
extraction involved successively washing the extract with concentrated H2S04
and double-distilled water. The acid or water was added in a 20 ml portion
7-3
-------
SOg Sample
1.0mL Base/Neutral Surrogates
1.0mL Acid Surrogate*
Sonicate with 300mL
50/50 MeCLyHexanee for 30 mln.
FHter- thru Buetsssst Fiinftci with -
Qlaaawool Cake and Filter Paper
Extract 3x with SOmL 0.5 N
HaOH in 1.0L Seperatory Funnel
Aqueoua
Adluat to pH2 with 1:1 H
Extract 3x with SOmL Me
Filter with Na2SO4
Add 10mL Benzene
Concentrate to 1mL
To 1mL Benzene add:
S.OmL Iso octane
2.0mL Acetonltrlle
SO uL Pyrldlne
20 uL Acetic Anlydrtde
Put In 60° C Hf bath
for 15 mlnutea, Shaking
3O aeeonda every 2 mlnutea.
Add flmL of O.01 N
H3PO4; Shake 2 mlnutea.
Olacard Aqueoua
Olacard
Acid Layer
Pre-wet Column
with 2OmL Hexanee
Add QuantitatJon Standards;
Concentrate to 1mL
GC/MS Analysis
Add 20mL Cone. H2SO4:
Shake 4 mln; Alternate
with 20mL dlatllled H2O;
Repeat until acid Is clear.
Fitter with
Add 10mL Hexanee;
Concentrate to 1mL
Chrornatography column with:
1.0g Silica
2.0g 33% NaOH SlUca
2.0g Silica
Bute with 9OmL Hexanee;
Concentrate to 1mL
Mini-column with
1.0g Alumina
Elute with 20mL 50/50
MeCI2/Hexanes
Figure 7-1. Sample Preparation Flow Diagram for
Site SSX-C Precursor Analyses
7-4
-------
and the sample was shaken for four minutes. After the aqueous (or acid) and
organic layers were completely separated, the acid layer was discarded. The
acid washing procedure was repeated until the acid layer was colorless. The
organic fraction from the final wash was dried with anhydrous Na2$04,
exchanged to hexane and concentrated. Final cleanup of the sample by column
chromatography involved the following procedure.
A glass macro-column, 20 mm o.d. x 230 mm in length, tapered to 6 mm o.d.
on one end was prepared. The column was packed with a plug of silanized glass
wool, followed successively by 1.0 g silica, 2.0 g silica containing 33% (w/w)
1 N NaOH, and 2.0 g silica. The concentrated extract was quantitatively
transferred to the column and eluted with 90 ml hexane. The entire eluate was
collected and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml in a centrifuge tube.
A disposable liquid chromatography mini-column was constructed by cutting
off a 5-mL Pyrex disposable pipette at the 2.0 ml mark and packing the lower
portion of the tube with a small plug of silanized glass wool, followed by 1 g
of Woehlm basic alumina. The alumina had besn previously activated for at
least 16 hours at 600°C in a muffle furnace and cooled in a desiccator for 30
minutes just before use. The concentrated eluate from above was
quantitatively transferred onto the liquid chromatography column. The
centrifuge tube was rinsed consecutively with two 0.3-mL portions of a 3
percent MeCK: hexane solution, and the rinses were transferred to the liquid
chromatography column.
The liquid chromatography column was eluted with 20 ml of a 50 percent
(v/v) MeCl2:hexane solution, and the eluate was concentrated to a volume of
approximately 1 ml by heating the tubes in a water bath while passing a stream
of prepurified N- over the solutions. The quantitation standard was added and
the final volume was adjusted to 1.0 ml prior to GC/MS analysis.
7.2.1.2 Analysis
Analyses for CP, CB and PCBs present in the feed sample extracts were
performed with a Finnigan Model 5100 mass spectrometer using selected ion
monitoring. A fused silica capillary column was used for chromatographic
separation of the compounds of interest. Analytical conditions for the GC/MS
analysis are shown in Table 7-1.
7-5
-------
TABLE 7-1. INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS FOR GC/MS PRECURSOR ANALYSES
Parameter
Chlorobenzenes/
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Chlorophenols
Column
Injector Temperature
Separator Oven Temperature
Column Head Pressure
He flow rate
GC program
Emission Current
Electron Energy
Injection Mode
Mode
30 m WB DB-5 (1.0 u film
thickness) fused silica
capillary
290°C
290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(4)-290°C,
10°/min & hold
0.50 ma
70 ev
290°C
290°C
9 psi
1 mL/min
40(1)-290°C,
12%in & hold
0.50 ma
70 ev
Splitless 0.6 min, then 10:1 split
Electron ionization, Selected Ion
Monitoring
7-6
-------
Tuning of the GC/MS was performed daily as specified in the Tier 4 QA
Project Plan. An internal-standard calibration procedure was used for sample
quantitation. Compounds of interest were calibrated against a fixed
concentration of either d12-chrysene (for CB, PCB) or dg-naphthalene (for CP).
Components of the calibration solution are shown in Table 7-2. For
multi-point calibrations, this solution was injected at levels of 10, 50, 100,
and 150 ng/ul.
Compound identification was confirmed by comparison of chromatographic
retention times and mass spectra of unknowns with retention times and mass
spectra of reference compounds. Since the selected ion monitoring technique
was necessary for the samples analyzed, care was taken to monitor a
sufficiently wide mass region to avoid the potential for reporting false
positives.
The instrument detection limit for the analytes of interest (i.e., CP,
CB, and PCB) was estimated to be approximately 500 pg on column. For a 50 g
sample and 100 percent-recovery of the analyte, this corresponds to a feed
sample detection limit of 10 ppb.
7.3 TOX ANALYSIS
Incinerator feed samples were analyzed for total organic halide (TOX) by
short-column GC and a Hall detector (GC/Hall). Solid samples were extracted
with benzene for at least 16 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were
washed three times with 100 ml portions of reagent-grade water concentrated to
10 ml.
An attempt to use a fused silica capillary column to separate surrogates
from target compounds was unsuccessful due to the complexity of the sample
constituents. Determinations for TOX were therefore performed on samples
without surrogates and no measure of extraction efficiency is available.
Instrument conditions are shown in Table 7-3. Sample quantitation was
based on an average response factor developed from a mixture of chlorinated
benzenes and brominated biphenyls. Individual CP, CB and PCBs were also
injected at various concentrations to develop a calibration curve for
comparison to the mixture response factors.
7-7
-------
TABLE 7-2. COMPONENTS OF THE CALIBRATION SOLUTION
Base/Neutrals
4-chlorobiphenyl
3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl
2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl
3,3'4,4'-tetrachlorobi phenyl
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,2,4,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl
2,2',4,4s,5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octachlorobiphenyT
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6,6'-nonachlorobiphenyl
decachlorobi phenyl
p-di chlorobenzene
1,2,4-tri chlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene
hexachlorobenzene
d^-l,4-dichlorobenzene (SS)
3-bromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl (SS)
2,2',4,4*,6,6'-hexabromobiphenyl (SS)
o
octachloronaphthalene (QS)
d,0-phenanthrene (QS)
(QS)
Acids
2,5-dichlorophenol
2,3-dichlorophenoT
2,6-dichlorophenol
3,5-dichlorophenol
3,4-dichlorophenol
2,3,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,6-trichlorophenol
3,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,3,4-trichlorophenol
2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol
pentachlorophenol
dg-phenol (SS)
d^-2-chlorophenol (SS)
Cg-pentachlorophenol (SS)
dg-naphthalene (QS)
2,4,6-tribromophenol (QS)
d^Q-phenanthrene (QS)
d^chrysene (QS)
Surrogate standard.
"Quantitation standard.
-------
TABLE 7-3. ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS FOR TOX ANALYSIS
Hall Detector Conditions
Reactor temperature - 850 C
Solvent - n-propanol
Hydrogen flow rate - 35 mL/min
6C Conditions (Varian 3700)
Injection volume (1-5 uL)
Helium carrier gas flow rate - 60 mL/min
Column - 3-ft packed column with 1 in 10% 0V 101
Column temperature - 200 C isothermal
7-9
-------
7.4 TOTAL CHLORINE ANALYSIS
Total chlorine concentrations in feed samples were determined by Parr
Bomb combustion followed by ion chromatography (1C). A 0.5g sample was placed
in the Parr Bomb with 10 mL of a 50 g/L Na^COj solution. After combustion of
the samples according to standard procedures (ASTM 2015), the contents of the
bomb were rinsed into a 100 mL flask and diluted to 100 mL. . The resulting
solution was analyzed for chloride concentration (Cl~) by 1C using standard
anion conditions. For samples difficult to combust (such as sludges), 25
drops of paraffin oils were added to the bomb prior to combustion.
7-10
-------
8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)
This section summarizes results of quality assurance and quality control
(QA/QC) activities for field sampling at Site 12. The flue gas and ash
dioxin/furan data for this site were generally'within the QC specifications
presented in the Tier 4, Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).. All of the
surrogate recoveries for labeled TCDD's were within the specified 1imits of 50
to 120 percent, except for the Run 01 inlet samples. However, the surrogate
recoveries for the three inlet runs also did not meet the QC limits of 40 to
120 percent for hepta- and octa- CDD's. The results of the analysis of the
fortified labroatory QC sample were all within 25 percent of the true value
which is well within the Tier 4 objective of +50 percent. These data indicate
that the dioxin/furan results are generally within accuracy criteria specified
for Tier 4.
For the dioxin/furan precursor analysis of the feed samples, surrogate
recoveries varied considerably. Several of the recoveries were below the
specified QC limits of + 50 percent. In spite of the low recoveries of the
surrogate species, the dioxin/furan precursor results are considered a
reasonable approximation of the true precursor concentration in the feed
samples.
The following sections summarize the results of all Site 12 QA/QC
activities. Manual gas sampling methods are considered in Seciton 8.1 and
continuous emission monitoring and molecular weight determinations are
considered in Section 8.2. The laboratory analysis QA/QC activities are
summarized in Section 8.3.
8.1 MANUAL GAS SAMPLING
Manual gas sampling methods at Site 12 included Modified Method 5 (MM5),
and EPA Methods 1 through 4. These methods are discussed in Section 6.0.
Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) activities for the manual
sampling methods centered around (1) equipment calibration, (2) glassware
pre-cleaning, (3) procedural QC checks, and (4) sample custody procedures.
Key activities and QC results in each of these areas are discussed in this
section. Also discussed are problems encountered that may have affected data
quality.
-------
8.1.1 Equipment Calibration and Glassware Preparation
Pre-test calibrations or inspections were conducted on pi tot tubes,
sampling nozzles, temperature sensors and analytical balances. Both pre-test
and post-test calibrations were performed on the dry gas meters. All of the
field test equipment met the calibration criteria specified in the Tiar 4
QAPP. Differences in the pre-test and post-test dry gas meter calibrations
were less than 2 percent (%).
An extensive cleaning procedure was used for all sample train glassware
and sample containers. This cleaning procedure, which is outlined in
Table 8-1, was implemented to minimize the potential for sample contamination
with substances that could interfere with the dioxin/furan analysis. To
minimize the potential for contamination in the field, all sample train
glassware was capped with foil prior to use and stored in a dust controlled
environment.
A clean sample trailer was maintained for train assembly and sample
recovery.
8.1.2 Procedural QC Activities/Manual Gas Sampling
Procedural QC activities during the manual gas sampling focused on:
- visual equipment inspections,
- utilization of sample train blanks,
- ensuring the proper location and number of traverse points,
- conducting pre-test and post-test sample train leak checks,
- maintaining proper temperature at the filter housing, sorbent trap
and impinger train,
- maintaining isokinetic sampling rates, and
- recording all data on preformatted field data sheets.
Problems occurred during sampling as explained in Table 8-2. The
problems are not expected to affect the validity of the dioxin concentration
results.
Results of the isokinetic calculations for the MM5 test runs are shown in
Table 8-3. The average isokinetic sampling rate for all sampling runs was
within the QA objective of 100 +10 percent with the exception of Run 02 at the
8-2
-------
TABLE 8-1. GLASSWARE PRECLEANING PROCEDURE
NOTE: USE DISPOSABLE GLOVES AND ADEQUATE VENTILATION
1. Soak all glassware in hot soapy water (AlconoxR) 50°C or higher.
2. Disti11ed/deionized H20 rinse (X3).a
3. ChromergeR rinse if glass, otherwise skip to 6.
4. High purity liquid chromatography grade H20 rinse (X3).
5. Acetone rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
6. Methylene chloride rinse (X3), (pesticide grade).
7. Cap glassware with clean glass plugs or methylene chloride rinsed
aluminum foils.
a(X3) - three times.
8-3
-------
TABLE 8-2. SAMPLING PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING
TESTING AT SITE 12
Test No.
Problem
Resolution
Run 01 -
outlet
Run 01
inlet
Train fell, probe broke
during port change
Front half filter
housing breakage
discovered
during final leak check
Run 02
inlet
Run 03
inlet
Probe liner broke at
end of run due to bent
sheath.
Remaining spare liners
broke while trying to
insert into sheath.
Switched to a six foot
probe.
Leak check from filter back
was good, changed probe liner,
recovered both liners.
The breakage occurred during
sampling of the last two ports.
The dioxin concentrations will
be reported as a range. The
higher concentration will be
based on the sample-volume at
the end of the fourth port and
the lower concentration will be
based on the volume at the end
of the sixth and final port. .
Recovered liner in sections-.
Half the duct was sampled
at 20 min per 24 points.
Entire duct was transversed
to verify that velocity profile
was similar to Runs 1 and 2.
8-4
-------
TABLE 8-3. SUMMARY OF ISOKINETIC RESULTS FOR SITE 12
Run Incinerator Meets
Outlet QA Objective?3
Outlet Exhaust Meets
Stack QA Objective?'
01
95.1
yes
99.3
yes
02 90.7
yes
86.2
no
03 106.7
yes
97.1
yes
aThe quality assurance objective for MM5 sampling was isokinetics of
100+10 percent.
8-5
-------
outlet stack location. The isokinetic rate for Run 02 - outlet was 86.2
percent. This deviation from the QA objective is not expected to effect the
validity of the dioxin concentration results.
Initial, final and port change leak checks for the MM5 and HC1 sample
trains were acceptable for all of the test runs except as noted for Run 01 at
the inlet sample location. None of the reported sample volumes required
correction for sample train leakage. All leak check data are noted on the MM5
field data sheets.
A blank sample train was used at-the MM5 sample locations to determine
the background levels of contaminants that might interfere with dioxin and
furan analysis. The blank sample trains were treated as normal sample trains.
The trains were transported to and assembled at the sample locations.
Recovery was performed in the same sequence as a normal test run. All
solvents used in the recovery of blanks came from the same container as was
used for normal test runs.
8.1.3 Sample Custody
Sample custody procedures used during this program emphasized careful
documentation of the samples collected and the use of chain-of-custody records
for samples transported to the laboratory for analysis. Steps taken to
identify and document samples collected included labeling each sample with a
unique alphanumeric code shown in Figure 8-1 and logging the sample in a
master logbook. All samples shipped to Troika or returned to Radian-RTP were
also logged on chain-of-custody records that were signed by the field sample
custodian upon shipment and also signed upon receipt at the laboratory.
Samples for dioxin analysis were shipped to Troika from the field. A sample
shipment letter was sent with the samples detailing their analysis priority
which is contained in Appendix 6. Each sample container lid was individually
sealed to ensure that samples were not tampered with. No evidence of loss of
sample integrity was reported for samples collected at this site.
8.2 CONTINUOUS MONITORING/MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION
Flue gas parameters measured continuously at the inlet location during
the MM5 test runs include CO, CO,, 0«, SO,, total hydrocarbons (THC) and NO .
£ £ w A
8-6
-------
12
SI -
MM5 -
01 -
Plant Deslgna 1on
(Site 12)
Sampling Location
SI - Scrubber Inlet
SO - Scrubber Outlet
Train Component
F - Filter
SM - XAD Module,
PR - Probe Rinse
CR - Back-half/Coll Rinse
CD - Condensate
IR - Implnger Rinse
Sequential run or sample number for this
plant (multiple samples collected at same
time given A, B, C» etc.* designation).
Sample Type
MM5 - Modified Method 5 train
0, - Oxygen
C0_ - Carbon dioxide
CO - Carbon monoxide
NO - Nitrogen oxides
SO* - Sulfur dioxide
THC - Total hydrocarbon
IB - Integrated bag (Method 3)
BA - Bottom ash
SF - Sludge feed
S - Soil
SES - Scrubber Effluent Sol Ids
SEF - Scrubber Effluent Filtrate
SE - Scrubber Effluent (UnfUtered)
FIGURE 8-1. ALPHANUMERIC SAMPLING CODE FOR SITE SSI-C
5-7
-------
The concentration of 02, C02, and N2 were also determined for integrated bag
samples of the flue gas. Quality control results for these analyses are
discussed in this section.
Drift check results for the continuously monitored flue gas parameters
are summarized in Table 8-4. Da|a reduction was performed by assuming a
linear drift of the instrument response over the test day based on drift
checks at the beginning and end of the day. The largest calibration drift was
observed for the THC analyzer, which exceeded QC target goals of + 10 percent
drift during Run 3. The smallest instrument instrument drift was observed in
the oxygen monitor.
The quality control standards for this program consisted of mid-range
concentration standards that were intended for QC purposes and not for
instrument calibration. The QC gases were analyzed immediately after
calibration each day to provide data on day-to-day instrument variability.
The acceptance criteria for the analysis of each QC standard was agreement
within + 10 percent of the running mean value. The criteria was met in all
cases.
Molecular weight was determined by analyzing integrated bag samples of
flue gas for Og, CO- and N«. Quality control for this analysis involved
duplicate analyses of calibration gases immediately before and after sample
analysis. Analysis of the calibration gases was repeated until. two
consecutive analyses within ±5 percent were obtained. This same criteria of
±5 percent applied to duplicate analyses required for sample quantification.
These criteria were met for all molecular weight determination.
8.3 LABORATORY ANALYSIS
QA/QC activities were carried out for dioxin/furan, precursor, and total
chloride analyses performed on Site SSI-C samples. The dioxin/furan analyses
of MM5 train samples performed by Troika are considered in Section 8.3.1; the
precursor and total chlorine analyses of sewage sludge feed samples performed
by Radian/RTP and Research Triangle Institute are considered in Section 8.3.2;
and the total chloride analyses of HC1 train samples and process samples
performed by Radian/Austin are considered in Section 8.3.3.
8-3
-------
TABLE 8-4. SUMMARY OF DRIFT CHECK AND CONTROL STANDARD RESULTS
Test
Date
7/09/85
7/10/85
7/11/85
7/09/85
7/10/85
7/11/85
7/09/85
7/10/85
7/11/85
7/09/85
7/10/85
7/11/85
7/09/85
7/10/85
7/11/85
7/09/85
7/10/85
7/11/85
Test
Run Param
01
02
03
01
02
03
01
02
03
01
02
03
01
02
03
01
02
03
02
02
02
CO
CO
CO
C02
C02
C02
S02
S02
S02
NOx
NOx
NOx
THC
THC
THC
Dri
ft Check
Input Instrument
Cone. Drift, %a
18.2%
18.2%
18.2%
5425
5425
5425
V
V
V
ppmV
ppmV
ppmV
19.1% V
1.05
1.05
-0.39
8.44
-1.95
1.93
16.9
19.1% V -21.8
19.1% V
83.1
83.1
1052
1052
1052
90
-d
ppmV
ppmV
ppmV
ppmV
ppmV
-d
-d
ppmV
12.87
-d
-e
9.57
-2.4
1.59
6.19
-d
-d
34.98
- ' QG- Standard -
Meets
QC?b
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
-d
-e
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
-d
-d
No
Input Output
Cone. Cone.
11.9% V
11.9% V
11.9% V
2500 ppmV
2500 ppraV
2500 ppmV
9.74% V
9.74% V
9.74% V
-d
19.6 ppmv
19.6 ppmV
84.6 ppmV
84.6 ppmV
84.6 ppmV
-d
-d
19.6 ppmV
11
11
11
2857
2789
2798
__9
10
10
18
17
84
79
79
16
Diff.from Mee^s
Running QC?
Mean,%
.8
.9
.9
.0
.7
.9
.9
.7
.3
-d
.11
.12
.96
.24
.66
-d
-d
.5
.-
0.42
0.34
--
-1.19
-0.58
--
3.8
0.0
-d
--
-5.78
--
6.76
4.45
-d
-d
--
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
-d
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
-d
-d
Yes
Instrument drift is defined as the percent difference between the instrument
response to the input concentration at the beginning and end of the test run.
QC criteria was instrument drift within +/-1Q percent.
CQC criteria was output concentration within +/-10 percent of the running
mean concentration for this test site.
Not available due to instrument malfunction.
6Not available due to instrument range change during test run.
8-9
-------
8.3.1 Dioxin/Furan Analyses
Two individual topics related to the dioxin/furan analyses at Site SSI-C
are discussed in this section. Analytical recoveries of labeled surrogate
compounds spiked onto MM5 train samples are reported in Section 8.3.1.1.
Sample blank data are reported in Section 8.3.1.2.
8.3.1.1 Surrogate Recoveries of the Test Samples
Table 8-5 presents the analytical recovery data reported by Troika for
three isotopically labeled surrogate compounds spiked onto the MM5 inlet and
outlet train samples. Samples were spiked with only three of the four
surrogates normally used for the Tier 4 program. Surrogate recoveries ranged
from 0 to 94 percent for the inlet samples; 40 to 112 percent for the outlet
samples. Labeled internal standards were not detected for the Run 01 inlet
sample. Similarly, recoveries for Run 02 and 03 inlet sample isotopes were
below the acceptable QA objectives of 40 to 120 percent recovery. Therefore,
the results from the Run 01 inlet sample analysis are invalid, and, the
results of Runs 02 and 03 samples should be considered estimates. The results
of the outlet analyses satisfied the QA requirements.
8.3.1.2 Sample Blanks
Table 8-6 summarizes the analytical results reported by Troika for
internal laboratory blanks, laboratory fortified quality control (QC) samples,
and proof blank MM5 train samples. In general, the data showed good surrogate
recoveries, with values ranging from 40 to 110 percent. The internal lab
blank was found to be clean with the exception of 0.2 ng of octa-CDD. The
proof blank was found to contain 0.2 ng TCDD; 0.4 ng TCDF; 0.1 ng penta-CDF;
0.3 ng hexa-CDF; 0.3 ng hepta-CDF; 0.4 ng octa-CDF; and 0.4 ng octa-CDD.
The fortified lab QC sample analyses provided values within 25 percent of the
known isomer concentrations. Emissions data reported in Section 5.4 are not
blank-corrected.
8.3.2. Precursor Analyses
Table 8-7 presents analytical recovery efficiencies for seven
isotopically labeled compounds used as surrogates for the target precursor
8-10
-------
TABLE 8-5. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR
SITE SSI-C DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYSES
Sample
13C
L1
TCDD
37C1
U4
Hepta-CDD
'" 13c '
L12
Octa-CDD
MM5 Train Samples
Inlet
. Run
Run
Run
Outlet
Run
Run
Run
01*
02
03
01
02
03
0
90
94
98
112
112
0
25
14
42
68
40
0
14
26
40
46
43
Labeled internal standards were not detected in this sample.
8-11
-------
TABLE 8-6. ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
Flue Gas Quality Control Samples
Fortified Laboratory
Laboratory QC Samoles
Compound
Blank Measured
Value
True .
Valuea'D
Proof Blank
MM5 Train
Amount Detected (Nanograms per Sample)
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
0.2
ND
ND
0.9
2.0
2.5
0.2
ND
0.34
0.7
2.5
2.4
0.2 (0)
ND (0)
ND (0)
0.8 (+13)
2.4 (-17)
3.2 (-22)
0.2 (0)
ND (0)
0.4 (-15)
0.8 (-13)
2.4 (+4)
3.2 (-25)
ND
0.2
ND
ND
ND
0.4
ND
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.4
Surroqate Recoveries (Percent)
37C1 -TCDD
4
13C -TCDD
12
37C1 -Hepta CDD
4
13C -Octa CDD
12
100
41
40
98
41
46
NA
NA
NA
NA
110
76
71
True values represent the amounts of each homologue spiked into
bthe laboratory fortified QC samples.
Value shown in parenthesis is the percentage difference between
the measured and the true value:
Measured Value - True Value
True Value
x 100
ND = Not Detected
NA = Not Applicable
TCDD = Tetra-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
8-12
-------
TABLE 8-7. PERCENT SURROGATE RECOVERIES FOR SITE SSI-C FEED SAMPLES
Surrogate Compound
Percent Surrogate Recovery
Sewage Sludge Feed
Run 01
Run 02 Run 03. Average
d.-dichlorobenzene
bromobiphenyl
2', 5, 5' tetrabromobiphenyl
2', 4, 4', 6, 6' hexabromobiphenyl
dg-phenol
d^-2-chlorophenol
C-pentachlorophenol
20
29
16
ND
4
6
9
84
86
32
10
14
21
20
15
119
46
ND
ND
1
9
51
80
32
3
8
12
14
ND = Not detected.
8-13
-------
analytes in the Site SSI-C feed samples. The surrogate recovery values in
Table 8-7 vary considerably by specific surrogate species and also between
runs for the same species. Several of the recoveries are below the 50
percent objective stated in the Tier 4 QA Project Plan and are below those
generally considered achievable when analyzing for similar compounds in water
or from MM5 train components. In spite of the relatively low surrogate
recovery values for some of the feed samples, the resulting analytical
sensitivity for the target analytes was considered acceptable for the purpose
of this study.
8-14
-------
APPENDIX A
FIELD SAMPLING DATA
-------
-------
APPENDIX A-l
INCINERATOR OUTLET MODIFIED METHOD 5
AND EPA METHODS 1-4 FIELD RESULTS
A-l
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2-5
TEST
(RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST t
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DATA)
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL , XX
INCINERATOR OUTLET
12-MM5-SI-01
07/09/85
1510-2019
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Heter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TE
5
ST
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL , XX
INCINERATOR OUTLET
12-MM5-SI-01
07/09/85
1510-2019
PARAMETER
RESULT
VmUscf )
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (seta)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flov(dscfm)
Flov(dscmm)
I I
Z EA
140.7115
3.98495
33.58495
.9511256
19.26886
.8073115
29.3892
27.19463
1486.359
453.1584
104045.2
2946.559
31924.4
904.0991
95.09616
235.3948
Program Revision:I/16/84
A-4
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD .2-5
T E S T
(RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DATA)
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL ,
SCRUBBER INLET
12-MM5-SI-02
07/10/85
1316-1838
XX
PARAMETER
VALDE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Eg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (aq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Hg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02 ..
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
D6M Factor
Pitot Constant
240
29.08
.499
131.612
1.345
121 .2
10080
-.9
1091 .9
29.01382
897.0209
5.22
1.4.65
80.5
9.607474
.9994
.84
A-5
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL , XX
SCRUBBER INLET
12-MM5-SI-02
07/10/85
1316-1838
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Yw gas (scm)
I moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs< fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
116.5334
3.300226
51 .48309
1.458001
30.64169
.6935831
29.5248
25.99341
1507.374
459.5652
105516.2
2988.218
27612.66
781.9905
90.68926
221.9025
Program Revision:I/16/84
A-6
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW DATA)
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL ,
INCINERATOR OUTLET
12-MM5-SI-03
07/11/85
1152-1718
PLANT
PLANT.SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
PARAMETER
VALDS
Sampling time (min.) 240
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg) 29.25
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.) .499
Meter Volume (cu.ft.) 128.603
Meter Pressure (in.H20) .8981251
Meter Temperature (F) 108.4688
Stack dimension (sq.in.) 10710
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20) -.9
Stack Moisture Collected (gm) 837.02
Absolute stack pressure(in Eg) 29.18382
Average stack temperature (F) 928.625
-Percent C.O2 ^_ .._. . . 4.39
Percent 02 15.1
Percent N2 80.5
Delps Subroutine result 7.82278
DGM Factor .9994
Pitot Constant .84
A-7
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FIHAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL , I
INCINERATOR OUTLET
12-MM5-SI-03
07/11/85
1152-1718
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vw gas (scm)
2 moisture
Md
MWd
MW
V»(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flow(dscmm)
3 I
Z EA
116.9665
3 .312491
39.4655
1 .117663
25.22854
.7477147
29.3036
26.45187
1213.131
369.857
90226.61
2555.218
25020.74
708.5873
106.7343
245.4487
Program Revision:I/16/84
A-8
-------
APPENDIX A-2
SCRUBBER OUTLET MODIFIED METHOD 5
AND EPA METHODS 1-4 FIELD RESULTS
A-9
-------
RADIAN SOURCE TEST
EPA METHOD 2-5
(RAW
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DATA)
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL , XX
SCRUBBER OUTLET
12-MM5-SO-01
07/09/85
1430-2145
PARAMETER
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Eg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in«)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Eg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent .C02 . r
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
VALDE
240
29.1
.176
120.674
.8787755
123.3438
2463.015
13
138.5
28.14412
97.88001
18.3
78.5
20.75543
.9993
.84
A-ll
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EFA METHODS 2
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
- 5
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL , XX
SCRUBBER OUTLET
12-MM5-SO-01
07/09/85
1430-2145
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dacf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (scm)
2 moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
V» (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flov(dsefm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
I EA
106.3931
3.013053
6.530276
.1849374
5.782925
.9421708
29.244
28.59377
3152.449
961.1124
53920.33
1527.024
45227.38
1280.839
99.29061
754.9505
Program Revis ion : 1 / 16/
A-12
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHOD 2 -
T E S T
W
( R A
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
DATA)
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL ,
SCRUBBER OUTLET
12-MM5-SO-02
07/10/85
1315-1815
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time Cmin.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in»)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Eg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pitot Constant
240
29.08
.185
121.703
.8979166
122.7292
2463.015
-13
110.05
28.12412
92.125
3.07
17.82
78.57
21.34023
.9993
.84
A-13
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2 -
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
'PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
5
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL ,
SCRUBBER OUTLET
12-MM5-SO-02
07/10/85
1315-1815
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
VmCdscm)
Vv gas(scf)
Vw gas (acm)
J moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Va (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flow(dscfm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
107.3451
3.040012
5.188858
.1469484
4.610928
.9538907
29.0528
28.54316
3245.297
989.4198
55508.44
1571.999
47596.11
1347.922
86.15659
609.7562
Program Revis ion : I/ 16/ 8-1
A-14
-------
RADIAN SOU
EPA METHOD
(RAW DATA)
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
RGB
2 -
TEST
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL ,
SCRUBBER OUTLET
12-MM5-SO-03
07/11/85
1210-1730
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.)
Meter Volume (cu.ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Meter Temperature (F)
Stack dimension (sq.in.)
Stack Static Pressure (in.H20)
Stack Moisture Collected (gm)
Absolute stack pressure(in Eg)
Average stack temperature (F)
Percent G02 , - -
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
D6M Factor
Pitot Constant
240
29.22
.176
109.078
.7262501
117.0938
2463.015
-13
102.87
28.26412
88.8125
3.6 _
16.41
81.06
19.03307
.9993
.84
A-15
-------
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA METHODS 2
FINAL RESULTS
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
- 5
SITE 12
CONFIDENTIAL ,
SCRUBBER OUTLET
12-MM5-SO-03
07/11/85
1210-1730
PARAMETER
RESULT
Vm(dscf)
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Vv gas (acm)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpm)
Vs (mpm)
Flow(acfm)
Flov(acmm)
Flow(dacfm)
Flov(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
97.57355
2.763283
4.850321
.1373611
4.735538
.9526446
29.532
28.9859
2865.125
873.5138
49005.87
1387.846
42429
1201.589
97.06558
328.8683
Program Revis ion : I/16/8J
A-16
-------
APPENDIX A-3
CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING RESULTS
A-17
-------
-------
TABLE A-3. CEM Data, RUN 1
**
#*
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
ft*
**
*#
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
*«
**
**
**
**
**
**
i*
_ **
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
>.*
*#
**
**
an.
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
FACTOR
FOR 3% 02
NORMA1 rZATION
OF
OTHER PROCESS
GASES
======:==.=
2.6623
2 . 2994
2 . 2.574
2.2415
2 . 2 174
2. 4056
2 . 3373
2. 2708
2.2134
2 . 4594
2. 4438
2.4-203
2 . 3359
2.3070
? . 2585
2.3674
7 . 2 ''3V
2.3143
2. .~1?S
2 ., .577
2 . ? '' L 3
2 . 3 r:59
.: . ^-'i
2. ":2S(i
.' . .'"1 .3.^1
". .311 2
, ^ j..,V7.T
2 . 75 1 2
.": . 1 '.-'"Tii"'
:' . 2312
2. 252-^
2 . 32 1 6
2 . :J5.';:S
2. 3425
T . '"iViiT
2. 31 Oi->
'.', 27 ?Q
2 .. 1 70 I
j . 1 ;"i° 3
." . ."' '~l " ".
2. 2:'>45
2. ISS*
2 . L ''-SO
2 . 1 ."}9 4
2 . :.?9 i 6
2 . 4Q69
2. 434*>
2 . 4 1. 3.4
': .. 52 1 rt
2. 3 2 01
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*
*
*
*
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*
*
*
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r
T.
*
*
K
$
tc
*
jt
T
#
*
*
*
Or
*
*
;.
i
*
'i
{;
*
*
*
*
*
*
*.
*
NORMALIZED '' CORRECTED DATA
WITH ACTUAL 02 *
TIME i'i2 .31? >-"'-'
i. -.'.',' .1 ' r-'-PMV ^ : ''.'-' ' . p. £,".'
.;> .5'.: 02 a .iv. 02 .D ... i: :
- = = = = = = -=== = 3==== =.= ===== == = = === ==:= = :=:==
143O 14.2 3601.7 L3.u Z"-'".^,
1435 13.1 3393.0 12.3 3'r2.o
1 44O i3." 3348.5 12.7 "I .' '. , -v
1445 ' 12.9 3255.0 13. 0 ".'~^-.''-
1 45('> 12.3 3235. 0 !2.9 --.;-_ .,
1455 13.5 21 75. '-i 1.1.9 3:'>-o.-!
!5,')(i 13. J 33 "2. 3 !,:;.>' 42'-.'"'
1^"5 i. 3.'I> 3393.1 L3.;' 4Vr...
I51O 1?-3 3073.0 12.. 8 42.->.2
15 i 5 1 !'.o 3416.7 13.0 442.'.'
1 52O 1. 3 . 4» 3520 .1 ' 3 - O 449 . 4
1525 13.5 3474.4 12-9 44 '-' , o
1.530 13.4 3263. 4 I.5.O ^!4.-..3
153?: 13. j 3223.3 13.1 4 ":"?.. -.;
J5^O 13.0 2957.4 I3-O :;..:
1545 13.3 3d 1.3. 9 13.3 44.;: 3
11--.5O 13.1 3O3S. 2 13.1 4.3-i.:->
1553 1.3.2 3011.4 12.^ 4v2,t.-
.I60U 13.2 2961. .6 1.5.,-: MH .'
I..'JO5 13.1 3'JOS. 4 13.1 4'.=-; 1 , ;;
i o.l -.. ! 3.u .:S^3. 4 ' -'. ' -I-.. ;. .v
1-.'. 1 5 13.:: 29A.O . :.- l3.-» 4o!.i.i:i
i ->,: i. i i '. . '.i ."'-ioH. " 1 ' . ..- ' ' ''
\ .-.->":-< 12, ' ..:ul6..% 13... M-+-.1..
.-..;') i '. . , .!.>.;! -; t ": . l
1 .-,.::=; ' I .".. / .:944.^ \ . ;
1 04ii : . .. : >.. t . -'.' ! : - 1 I"7 ^
Io45 i. 4. 4 ;.;'! *-. 2 ! 4. " 44 .
t fr-^ii 1 ,' ..: 'i -.. ;. i ' -. I1 i :
Lo:-^1^ i ?, -f '.': ''< 3.. 3 1 "-.. .. !'. '"
1 ''..:> ' .'... ' l:\:-2 ..'- ! i, ' 1 k
I 70=1 13.2 3O41 . o i .' « ;-"..'
L " i C) \ -..:, ,.:;.HS / , ., ! '. . H ? ' -
1 7 ! 5 i 3. 3 ;' I4ol " : 4 . ..' 1!.
! -U<> i .'.,. 1 _'9, .-!. .^ 1 .".'.' !..."
1 7-2S ; T.. 2 3O^ i. -y-i \ '.. " ... '-
i ,'".'! 1 .' , . > v'!o5. i 1 '' .
1735 I2.:T 7?33;S. 2 t3.i i^.5.. -4
14- I,'.:" .:':'. \ .;..H ' /' ::i v : r
1 ."4^ i .'. '..- ::: :-53. 3 i 4. ' »: i . i
1 =;. i .: .. 3 .'rts- , f=; ; t . > :"
; .75?; 12,.,^ '1.t.- ;.;-.. 4 1./.9 -13.......
; :3-vi ;::,i- ':-! i s . 4. 4. ' ' I
1:V>5 12.. o 2 38V. 3 14.0 42.'..
1310 I. 3.1 2&43. 2 :.4,\ 4n I . 4
1315 13.7 2936.1 14.4 4/9,7
I82O 1.3.5 3044.5 ! 4 . I 4B4.I
1325 13.5 3043.3 14.0 4?r";.. ,,
1 :330 '3.3 3 i 37. 7 : 4 . -i. .-'?..':
!. ;3'3^i i. 3 ., ,2 .~'.:?'^.t3» -T i ~.. '' -I',7'-' . '";
A-19
-------
TABLE A-3. CEM Data, Run 1 (Continued).
**
**
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**
* s
at
{ ;
re
3 t
**
t'
*t
*«
**
f S
t Jr
* V
a *
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,14
s*
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ar-4
4 *
*a
1 /J -.CJT-, £
2. 4426 *
2 , 4 r 1 5 *
7i- 3""..'. ft *
V . ."".TV '. .r.
: . -i r 7- t
-,;", T,
, T.~ *
1=1 * *.t ~
2 . 32O~ *
: -i.v-?.- *
'- 4O36 *
ta ' '^ *
! . ?"s:''."i *
T' . 1 S0''-' *
." .*">'» i *
i . -?r" '" *
! . *V7.:i=? *
=; 1 A -T t
r>. '>; ~~ *
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2. 4S3^ *
^ 5t*45 *
2 ".4752 *
- 1SS« *
V-.''"!i34B 4-
2. 10^7 *
* * 1 M^) * *
2.O307 *
7>.Ofe7Ju *
1.99 IS S
i .i\ 42 *
1.9"^.",' *
" i"ic? i » ^
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1S4') I.'.S
134= 13.6
1 -Soi.) i 3 . =<
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1 9p(') I "'. . .:
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37 1 5 . 9
331 y .. *
3569. A
2293. ,Z
3 1 70 . f,
254':-. "
? 1 ~ f ''i
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Ui'.v;.. T-
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4'" :. . "?' ^
37: 25. 3
3 2^. .* « ' ^
3475. -i
3333.2
?97.':>. .->
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264 « . 9
2445 . 9
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7J517.B
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74=;,,. 4
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1 4 . 0
1 4 . O
J -1 .. 1
' '1:
: 4 . 3
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14.4
! " . p
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i 4 . 5
: ^ "
; ., . .
1 4 -i
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' 4 ~
1 ! . 1
14."
; -( .. ' '
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1 3 . -/
\ f ; . 4
14.6
J "i . O
15. O
J 4 . 7:
15.6
I15.- l
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IP. a
1 3 . v
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=: I 1 . '.i
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4;j--> _ ,,
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.!<"- : . *
1 : -i . ':-,
494. 7:
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475.1.
M 7 ! . ~
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3' ' t - :
1 34 .. G
4 ' ' f.'. .
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459 .. 4
469. i.
449.4
4 1 3 . a
4t >3 . S
4 0 1 . 2
47:'~>. i.
44
-------
TABLE A-3. CEM Data, Run 2
FAC TOR *
FOR '" Q'2 . *
MHRMALIZftTTON*
C.F *
OTHER PROCESS*
G.V5E5 *
t
========= «
*
I . I " ii *
NORMAL I ZED / CORRECTED DATA
WITH ACTUAL O2 *
TIME
I 4 I '.i
I 4 2O
I 4 ."'I
--.4 4T4.-I
I 4 . .? ' t "* J . LI
t=..;3 47" t . ."
t=;.4 4i ;.:=;. i
I ^ . =, 4i', -. ~. . 3
1^.3 -7^37, -a
15.O ""3 ». 1
;., i . -v
451.5
4ri'i. -i
4 "'5. 1
. 4~ I 4
. *, io
:..:;=.3*r
1 '< 10
Lit".
t '. 2O
I 700
t 7f«
i ",.>} :~- 7 -..-,
14.3 :o-7 7 . :.
IS.-. "??!. 4
14.4 T:3>V. ,'3
\~.'.X f=»7:4.2
i4.c tar-''.:"
SI.1' '. fJO? . I
i.-. ; \ -.£..:,
tr.i> 1-783.4
1 i . i !(.'».!
11. i . ;.' i
l''l.-> ! " '-
i i. -. i. ."57,.:
i t . 4 ' -3.-* . I
It." ' : :3" )--'
: i. ". . ';.' . "
11.4 I . '. i . '
i:. ' ."..;
11. t i ". 'r
K?=;=;
11.': li'-GT. i
|:-,. ' 1 4-5,;. -
MCi. P
MEAN
-r.3SOC.nd L'.^1 r..~r'.n«S i .. ^fi^r-.
A-21
-------
TABLE A-3. CEM Data, Run 3
FACTOR *
FOR ~y. Q2 *
MOFMALirftTTCfl*
OF *
OTHER PROCESS*
GASES «
2.6708
2 . > '27
* . ''55B
2."'033
2.T351
2.3-30
1.4161
2 . 3563
2. -51 l<5
2.467O
? . 42iy
* "*Q~i
... * ^ »*
' " -,1
. "!4 i''
: . ">' i ^
2. 4O57:
2. -.347
2 . 73«'i 7
r.4-f
2.4i'i4ri
r . 7.'7* 2
2. 4~^3
2.5OI »
3.41190
».?!" "7
2. 57iy
». 157-1
2.752Q
2.,'jS<<>7
2 . 7.'5a3
V.72IJ2
2.^643
^.5-74^
.'. '5365
,'- -i44O
2 . A A -6
2. f-4
-_ T-7'7
"'"^V-
" . -"'2''
2 . t'l T5«
-. 2 ''27
i-. ; 33
. --'2
t . 7'* 2
':.;£O7
.'. --).*-
V^
2 , 5-,'"1;
*. ^222
2..S223
2.5-4''
2. soar.
' . 4'7(">15
2. it 16
7. 17"'
2. 1235
7. ftsIB
" . 4I""1'.'.
2. 77-7T
2.4O74
2. 4*360
2.563O
2.4-14
*
*
t
X
X
c
X
«
*
*
t
*
c
X
t
t
tt
X
t
1
X
x
X
a
t
*
*
*
X
*
t
x
*
z
t
<
x
:
t
(
X
X
J
X
J
X
f
*
x
X
X
t
t
X
t
*
X
X
X
X
i
f
r
X
*
x
*
MOF.MAUI7ED ' COF'PECT
TIME 02 CO
' V.'J > PPMV )
i> ".:'. 13'2 -5
I 21"
121°:
'. 220
i rv5
1 27'"'
1275
1 240
1245
1 25'°"
1255
t -oo
1 7O5
171'."
1 I -"*
I ""'5
; 770
i : ~">
; ^4O
I ."3
l -.51-1
1755
1 4OO
1 4O3
141-t
14)5
1421."
1425
1 4.10
H3S
1 440
144!?
1 4S''"
1453
ISXi
1 5OS
IS1O
1515
IS2O
1725
t 5~0
11T40
I '='.45
l=.«.1
15 -.5
. iiOO
16','-.
1 o 1 O
lit'
1 * .'
I 3 2^
1 .*> -' 1
i !7'3
; i4>;i
1 %43
1 ,tf.(l
I '""
i 7. 'I'll
i TVI=;
! 'l-'l
1 7 ! i
; """,'""
172=5
i : :»">
1 7~5
1 74''"
14. 1
14.7
! 4 . :"5
J 4 . '.)
1 -.3
17.3
17.?!
13.7
1 7.3
17.6
i-.s
14. S
1 ". . '*
1 4. 4
17.''
1 7. ~
t -.5
i ". 4
17.7
17.3
1.7.5
17.4
13..b
13.4
17..5
1. 7. 13
1-7.''
t ".t
'.4.4
14. I
14.4
14. J
14.2
1 4 . >
14. =5
14. !
14.2
l"> . "*
1 7. 4
i r. 2
Iti. 2
12. I
!-.'>
12.7
17.2
14.4
1^.5
14.7
1 4.M
I ." . H
i ;.s
14. L
1 ".!(
17.3
17.7
i 7. 5
17.5
17.5
1 -. I
l~."f
'. ~ . -'
I 7.5
1 i. .'
17.1'
17.?
425'J . 7
4^41. 5
4 -'^ 7 . 7
4221 .4
-373. 7
7643. 'i
-415.7
71''A.
-723.7
'I'rtl . '7
23'"'2.O
72 4A . 5
«': l1^ " . J
-,-5 -.4
- 7-3.4
."I" - . ^
2'742.';'
*. 1 70 . =;
71 24. >
-443.2
7572.^
-.477.0
3^,44.4
.7621' . O
3A67.O
-"746.3
4126.''
4f'5.7
4533 . ?
477ib.-
4O94 . 6
4214.2
4255. o
40^4. "
4723.13
457A. 7
457'^ . 7
4o7-5. 7
acr77. 7
4 -g.? . i.)
' "14. 4
- J-"1 . .7
"7 17.4
-?=.'.. 7
77.-.":. i
44 S. 4
5.1'1 -1 ". . i
43 : :.. .-
i 1^ '. 7.
4737. 2
-V32.1'
4.^,74 . 4
,i=;f)7. i
4*47.3
452''. 1
i5 ir..'j
-l!i7'i,4
;''32. ^
-7^5. ?
7334 . ::
-4..'1 . .->
74.5O. 4
7'?l "5. 5
40O2.3
7^134. 0
ED DATA
CO2
14.5.
1 -1 . '.'
X * . o
' 4. ?
',4.4
14.2
14.6
14. tl
1 4. 4
14.5
I 4.. 7
14. 4
1 -4.1"
j 4
14.2
1 7.3
14.5
I 4.S
14.5
14.3
14.7
14. *
15. 1
15.'''
14.3
14. S
14.3
t * . 6
14.7
14. S
17.3
14.3
14.. 7
14.''
1 4 . ,i
1 4. -1
1 4.5
15. L
; '. 4
? "=; . '
1 ^ . ?
I S . "
: .= . '
l '. 2
i "» .
I *. > ~
i ". . i
.-;.-
r-,. .'
I1 ?v. 2
L \. 4
15.2
15. 1
15. 1
t 5 . ,'.,
i 5 . A
14."
lo.'''
15. .
L5 . 7
1 'T. .3
\5. 7
IS. t
1 5 . .'}
14. 1
WITH urrurii. !'J2 x
5O2 "10 / TUC
i pPI-l^.1 ' ' PPM1.' ' "'PMV l
"2 I . -
!T'.' 7 . 7
^ ."' . f3
" : 4 . i
475. 7
44^. I
4«4.;3
4 71? . 4
4''1' . (3
484 . 1."
45?. 2
5(>S. 1
441-'. .*
i = '3." .
47.7. '
»5i'i. '5
4 7f?. T
44.3. 4
432. I
47o. 5
47 1 . i,
46" . 0
474 . .«,
475.5
4'7'2.4
5'">g . '-,
514.4
vJ5. ;
S13.O
517..'
495.5
41=1.7.13
41' 4. 6
4 ".13. I
524. 1
4 57. 7
472-2
.'--, .
4 : , .-.
' ..7 ,
4::>.!j. -
c- ^ '. . 2
"'555. 4
T " ' . 0
.2''' . "
"'' ' j ,. 1
5'.'.' .'. '"
a;T7. i
436. -
417'T . '.
4^4. fi
442. 4
441. 1
14"^ !
-57. .;?
»;4 '. *,
517.1
4:'f ". , -
5 T!'7 . .?
H3-. T
4.77 . -.
SJS.-3
r7.O4. 2
^5.4
*- ;> . ( "> . :3
~77 . 1 .'"!. 7
;'-o t ? ' - .
^ ^ r . * ' l ~
**' i . 5 _ r. . f
46O . '' - 1 " . ;3 .
45 . l") 15-'
45 7 . .- I .1 . 7
4-v t . 0 12...
4'7 1 . 7 - 12.3
Si i 7 . :3 .'i . ''i
5 i O . » 4.4
('V5. 1, .-.
t "'' . ' '' . '.
4 -"..-> I i . 4
' iT7 . ' .4 . >
-..') " . ' B.I
'? :. ' : :. .1
4Si-V . ' -',1. -
--'.' '.3 '".'I. !
"; 1 1 . 2 57.:
4 ?.-3 . 5 ^ ". . -.
", ;i.2 s;. 7
5 1 ''1 . ,3 "* 4 . .'=
-O2.'" 5.'.'. 2
5. i, j . ., , ., ' . :'
^'.5. - 7"; . :.
;? r . ,% ' . r
--:o 1.3 -?6 . 7
;'."* -i . 5 '?7 . .7
147.2 'I..;
;o4.4 '=i.!5
45 1.1 9 1 . f)
If4.rt ""''-". *
-, ' .3 1 1 I . -
-'.-.'. 1 . ! ' . i
5' 1 7. : ; , j? '
5 - i . -.'-I :>'.'
-. .-. > i" -.
"-'4,' :
;)'". -
4 ' ' ? . 7 " " !:
~ "'< . = T- , ".
'4 . - t ; :. o
!'-'M . : )! . ;:
": " . r. i '"' " . 7
-. ' . '~i 1 .' '% . '
*.n.4 . i :"..>
: i " : i l."". .s
514..-; . t i . O
4|:i 1 . ;:, l 1 . i . r.
-'',:-.'- I V'.A,
' .'.;"!." ! .' ; . l
571. 1 t2b..b
^^ . . .: ' " r . i*
5 -- 1 . ' i I 1 - . "^
" n . -i :.-.
54",.-. i ' ; . o
" :. . . '
«-_ * i ..'<
=" r ' . " * . .
- 1"; . I ' t 5
=;; i . '- I'!1' . 4
"24. :3 i . '. . 7
..:=!-. ' ,''i'» . 1
37
MO. PTT.
flE»N
3TD. OEV.
..3
. 6
* CC5, C02 rlOi. 3O2
To otsfain ^c^ufll m^^
taDle by the correspr
THC ..«lu4?s srs corr =<:t?d '
rt ^Ali.ifa^« di .*i'ii? '.al'.^^ in
-.ormai i = at i on fi>c*-or.
A-??
-------
APPENDIX A-4
MODIFIED METHOD 5 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
A-23
-------
-------
PARAMETER
RADIAN SOURCE
EPA' METHODS 2
DEFIHITIOH OP
DEFINITION
TEST
5
TERMS
Tt(min.)
Dn(in.)
Ps(in.H20)
Vm(cu . ft . )
Vw(gm.)
Pm(in.H20)
Tm(F)
PbCin.Hg.)
Z C02
Z 02
Z N2
SQR(DELPS)
As(sq . in .)
Ts(F)
Vm ( d s c f )
Vm(dscm)
Vw gas(scf)
Z moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vs(fpo)
Flov(acfm)
Flow(acmm)
Flow(dacfm)
Flow(dscmm)
Z I
Z EA
DGM
Y
Cp
dH
dP
*** EPA
STANDARD
CONDITIONS
TOTAL SAMPLING TIME
SAMPLING NOZZLE DIAMETER
ABSOLUTS-STACK STATIC GAS PRESSDR2
ABSOLUTE VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLE MEASURED BY DGM
TOTAL STACK MOISTURE COLLSCTSD
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE OF DGM
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DGM
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF STACK GAS
OXYGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
NITROGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
AVB, SQ. ROOT OF S-PITOT DIFF. PRESSURE-TEMP. PRODDC'
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF STACX(DUCT)
TEMPERATURE OF STACK
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED ,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. i
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. C'
VOLUME OF WATER VAPOR IN GAS SAMPLE,STD
WATER VAPOR COMPOSITION OF STACK GAS
PROPORTION, BY VOLUME,OF DRY GAS IN GAS SAMPLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,DRY BASIS LB/LB-MOLS
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,WET BASIC LB/LB-MOLE
AVERAGE STACK GAS VELOCITY
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
AVERAGE STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
PERCENT ISOKINETIC
PERCENT EXCESS AIR IN STACK GAS
DRY GAS METER
DRY GAS METER CORRECTION FACTOR
STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
PITOT COEFFICIENT
ORIFICE PLATE DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
PITOT DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
Temperature = 68 deg-F (528 deg-R)
Pressure « 29.92 in. Hg.
A-25
-------
Vm
Vm(std)
I<=»r"4 SOURCE
METHOD 2 !
ie»l_CUL
PLANT : SITE 12
PLANT SITE : CONFIDENTIAL ,
SAMPLING LOCATION : INCINERATOR OUTLET
TEST # t 12-MM5-SI-01
DATE : 07/09/85
TEST PERIOD - - : 151O-2O19
1) Volume o-f dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 deg-F-,29.92 in. Hg
Y x Vm x CT
-------
IOIM
TWO
) Aver age Molecular Weight o-f DRY stack gas :
MWd = (.44 x XC02) + <-32 x 7.02) + <. 28 x 7.N2)
MWd = (.44 x 4.95 )+ (.32 x 14.36 ) + <.28 x 80.2 >= 29.3892
) Aver age Molecular Weight o-f wet stack gas :
MW = MWd x Md + 18(1 - Md)
MW = 29.3892 x .8O73115 + 18(1 - .SO73115 ) = 27.19463
n Stack gas velocity in -feet-per-minute (fprn) at stack conditions :
, -~ . : . . ' «- : s <-" ' .; * it Sfejr ^.
- KpxCp x CSQRT (dP)3-Cave> x SORT CTs : x SORT Cl/(PsxMW) 3 x 60sec/mi
Vs. = 85.49 x .84 x 6O x 9.6933 x SQRTCl/< 29.03382 X 27.19463 )3
Vs = 1486.359 FPM
Average stack gas dry volumetric -flow rate (DSCFM) :
Vs x As x Md x T(std) x Ps
144 cu. in./cu.-ft. x (Ts +46O) x P(std)
1486.359 x 10080 x .3073115 xS28x 29.03382
144 x 1348.O83 x 29.92
Qsd = 31924.4 dsc-fm
Qsd
Qsd -
A-27
-------
IOM
TMR1
9) Isokinetic sampling rate ('/.) :
Dimensional Constant C - K4 x 6O x 144 x Cl / 3
K4 » .0945 FOR ENGLISH UNITS
I"/.
TV
C x Vm(std) x (Ts + 460)
-----------------------------------
Vs x Tt x Ps x Md x (Dn)^2
1039.574 x 14O.7115 x 1348.083
.« «. « .« - ««^ ^ .»«« «--
1486.359 x 240 x 29.03382 X-.8O73115 x< .498 ) ~2
I'/. = 95.09616
10) Excess air ('/.):
100 x '/.02 100 x 14.86
pT /\ S| " ^*« "" ^^ "^""^"*^* *^
(.264 x y.N2) - y.02 (.264 x 80.2 ) - 14.86
EA = 235.39
li) Parti culata Concentration :
Cs - ( grams part.) / Vm(std) - O / 14O.7115
Cs s 0.0000000 Grams/DSCF
T(std) x Md x Ps x Cs
------------------------------
P(std) x Ts
528 x .8073115 x 29.03382 x 0.0000000
------------------------------
29.92 x 1348.083
O.OOOOOOO Grams/ACF
Cs x O.OO22O5 x Qsd x 6O
O.OOOOOOOx O.OO22O5 x 31924.4 x
-------
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE SHIPMENT LETTERS
-------
-------
July 12, 1.9S5
.3. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
uiIding 11O5
iay St. Louis, MS 39529
ittention: Danny McDaniel
Tier 4 - Analysis Instructions
>ea.r Si r ;
The objective of this letter is to cla.ri-fv instructions end
sriorities for individual samples from specific Tier 4 combustion =ir«=.
'his instruction letter is No. 14 and pertains to EPA Site No. 12_.
The Episode No. is 27O8, and SCC numbers assigned to this site were numb
JQOO5&OO through DQOO.5&99.
SCC numbers DQOO56O1 through DQOO5606 have been assigned to Troika for
internal QA/QC purposes. SCC numbers DQOO56O7 through BQOO5&34 have been
assigned to samples included in this shipment. A.13 remaining SCC numbers a>- =
unused.
The sample shipment for EPA Site No. 12 -'33I-C.' consists of 5 boxes
containing 7-'s samples of 7O components. The boxes were shipped under Pede^sl
Express, Airbill Mos. 239733443 and 289783432.
Instructions- for extraction and analvsis follow.
Priority #3 samples include the sample train components. t.h*=
bottom ash, scrubber effluent samples, the lab proof blank, and tne re-?c-
blanks. Thes
-------
U. S. EPA eCC Toxicant Analvsis Center
Paqe two
July 12, 19S5
Total of o tr^ln -components'
3nt.ai.ner Fract.i.o-
1
Radian Run # 1 2-MM5-SQ-O1
DQOO561O
DQOO561O
DQ005610
OQOOS&10
DO.O0561O
DQ005-blO
Padi an Pun # 12-MM5-SI-O2 tTo+-al of 6 train c
I
2*
"»
4*
5
DQOO5S16
DQOO5616
DOO05&16
DQOO5616
Radian Run # 12-MM5-SO-OI
' DQOO5617
DQ005617
OQOOS617
Condensate
Impi nger Sol ut.i on
s: AD Modu.3 e
Radian Run * 12-MM5-3G-F8L (Total o-f -b train cc-mponsnts)
OQOO5622
DQOO5622
DPfO5622
OQOO5&22
OQOO5622
.1
2*
Fi Iter
Probe Rinse
Back Half/Coi1 R i n =
Condensate
I mo i n a er So 1 i.i 111 on
XAD Module
B-2
-------
I. 3. EPA ECC TojJicranT Analysis Cent«r
aqe three
July 12. 1935
Radian Run # 12-MM5-SI-O3 tTotal of * train components)
CPP Mr-, Conttrl Herf C-CS-'-'-tL
O\;L_ Li"
2*
4*
DQOO5623
DQOO5623
DQOO5.V23
DQOO5623
DQOO5623
DQOO5«b23
Radian Run # 12-MM5-SQ-03 - fTotal o-f
DQOO5624 i
DQOO5A24 2
DQOO5624 . 3
DQOO5624 4
DQO05624
DQOO5624
Fi !! ti?r
Probe Rinse
Rack Hal-f/Coil R:ins«
Con d sn sat e
Im^i nger Soluti on
XAD Module
train components)
Fi 1 te.r
Probe Rinue
Bac k Half / Co i 1 R i n s>
Condensate
I mp i n g er So 1 u t i c?h
XAD hodu.J e
LABORATORY PROOF BLANK
SCC_No.
DQOO5AOS
Container
Fraction
Filter
Probe Rinse.
S a c k Half /' C o i 1 P i n =
and I i-i p i n g e r 5 o 1 n .
XAD Module
REAGENT BLANKS
SCC_NG.
DQOO5623
DQOO5629
DQO0563O
aiTi-f 1
HPLC grade vaster blank
Acetone blank
Methyl ene ch 1 or i de b 1 s.~. k
3-3
-------
U. S. EPA ECC Towicant" Anal ysi-s Center
P*cm -four
July 12, 1 Audit Samole A
TCDD Audit, Sample E:
*Oofcu.Tientati.-.n: Ses Attachment
jh^ fi=>5d sludo?? and Ambient Gamp]-- are Priority *2 samp'J es. The sa-Ti
should be held at Troika pending the results o* the Priority #1 sampl-
FEED SLUDGE - PROCESS SAMPLE
SCC.No. Se.mD.Le
DQOO561'3
DQOOSoZ*
Feed Sludge. Run Ol
Feed Sludge., R u n 0 2
Feed Sludge, Run O3
AMBIENT SAMPLE
SCC,. No...
DQ005607
DQO05607
Cc-nt- si ner
Frac.ti.on
Probe Rinse
XAD Module
B-4
-------
l. S. EPA ECC Toxicant Analysis Center
aae -five
tulv 12, 1935
. The «oil sample .is a Priotitv #3 sample. This sample will be held^at^
Padian oendinq results or Priority #1 and Priority *2 anal/*i3. ^«_-=l
number for this sample is DQOO5615 and the Radian sample ..ode is i^ =-
If an>/ questions arise concerning this sample shipment, please contact
-ither Mi'ke Palaszolo or Robert Jonqleux at Radian Corporation at
" ? i s?) 54i -q> 1OO or ', 919 \ 431 -0212.
Si ncerely,
cci E. Hanks/EPA/AMTB
A. Miles/Radian
Radian Field File - RTP/PPK
B-5
-------
July 32,
Dr. Doug Kueh1
U.S. EPA/ERL-Duluth
62O1 Conqdon Blvd.
Duluth. Minnesota 553O4
Dear Doug:
As directed bv Mr. Pster 1-. Wise, Director of the Great Lakes National
Program Office (GLNPO) . the split process samples from Test Site 12 of
Tier 4 o-f the IMationa] Dioxin Study are enclosed. The samples were
shipped by Federal Express Airbill No. 351716320 on July 12, 1935.
The s«=«frio3 3 containers were prepared in the -fol lowing"-manner: chromergs
rinse, distilled wa!:er rinses, acetone rinses and methylene cloride
The filter papers were benzeneex tracted. and the scrubber
was pressure* i 1 tered under nitrogen. The samples are daily
compomit.es o+ hourlv grab samples from the test days. The samples are
coded as follows:
RadianSampl^Code Descrigtion
Bot_t.«:'m_Ash
12-BA-O1-D Bottom Ash, Run 1
12-BA-O2-D Bottom Ash. Run 2
12-BA-O3-D Bottom Ash, Run 3
12-SF-O1-D
12-SF-O2-D
12-SF-O3-D
Sc rubber.. War er
12-SES-OJ-D
12-3ES-02-D
12-SES-03-D
Sludge Feed. Run 1
Sludge Feed, Run 2
Sludge Feed. Pun 3
Scrubber Effluent Solids, Run 1.
Scru&ber Effluent. Solids. Run 2
Scrubber Effluent Solids, Run 3
12-SEF--O3-D
12-SEF-
-------
U. S. EPA-'EPI -Dnjuth
Pacje
only i:
I-f VOM have any questions concern inn this shipment, please call Mike
Pala= = olo or Bob Jong leu* at '^r"O 341-
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR GASEOUS SAMPLES
SCRUBBER INLET AND OUTLET
-------
-------
TABLE C-l. DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 INLET TRAINS
Amount Detected ,
Picoqrams Per Sample Train '
Isomer/Homologue
Dloxlns
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
Run 02
ND
4,600
ND
9,400
71,200
78,100
163,300
54,400
132,100
118,700
13,500
129,300
129,700
577,700
Run 03
ND
14,000
800
11,000
32,500
36,300
94,600
130,500
194,050
174,800
16,400
19,100
21,900
556,750
Includes back-up XAD trap..
}Run 01 data were not reported.
C-l
-------
TABLE C-2. DIOXIN/FURAN ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MM5 OUTLET TRAINS
Amount Detected
Picoqrams Per Samel e Train
Isomer/Homologue
Dioxins
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
Total PCDD
Furans
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
Total PCDF
Run 01
70
3,780
400
2,650
3,900
3,200
14,000
30,500
67,750
50,400
8,350
3,900
1,800
162,700
Run 02
70
4,730
600
4,750
22,100
14,900
47,150
27,900
89,750
58,100
26,100
22,100
55,500
279,450
Run 03
100
5,100
850
4,450
9,800
7,800
28,100
30,900
94,000
67,400
20,650
9,800
20,300
243,050
Includes back-up XAD trap.
C-2
-------
APPENDIX D
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
-------
-------
APPENDIX 0-1
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
(As-Measured Concentrations)
D-l
-------
-------
TABLE D-l. DlOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE SSI-C INLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(PPt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-COF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1
2
2
2
4
1
4
3
4
3
3
1
ND
.39E+00
ND
.85E+00
.16E+01
.37E+01)
.95E+01
.65E+01
.OOE+011
.60E+01
.09E+00
.92E+01
.93E+01
.75E+02
,N/A ;
N/A ;
7.88E-01
N/A
N/A
; N/A ;
[ N/A
: N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
>
1.
1.
1.
) 1.
2.
> 1.
I 3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
ND (
04E-01(
ND (
75E-01J
22E+00(
24E+00(
74E+00
30E+00(
15E-:-00(
54E+00(
62E--01(
30E+00
13E-:-00(
17E4-01
N/A ]
N/A
5.32E-02
N/A
N/A
N/A ]
N/A ]
N/A
N/A ]
N/A
N/A ]
N/A
6
ND
1
1
1
2
1 7
1
1
1
1
1
a
ND ( N/A
.54E+01
( 3.70E+01)
.34E+02
.01E+03
.11E+03
.32E+03
.73E+02
.88E+03
.69E+03
.92E+02
.84E+03
.84E+03
.21E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions
ND = Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion,, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-3
-------
TABLE D-2. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3, SITESSI-C INLET
D1ox1n/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
- In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD NO
Other TCDD 4.23E+00
Penta-CDD 2.42E-01
Hexa-CDD 3.32E+00
Hepta-CDD 9.82E+00
Octa-CDD 1.10E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A ]
Total PCDD 2.86E+01
FURANS
2378 TCDF 3.94E+01
Other TCDF 5.86E+01
Penta-CDF 5.28E+01
Hexa-CDF 4.95E+00
Hepta-CDF 5.77E+00
Octa-CDF 6.62E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A ;
N/A
N/A ;
Tata! PCDF 1.68E+02
ND N/A ,
3.16E-01 N/A ]
1.63E-02 N/A ]
2.04E-01 N/A
5.56E-01( N/A
5.74E-01( N/A ]
1.67E+00
3.10E+00 N/A 1
4.61E+00 N/A
3.74E+00( N/A '
3.18E-OH N/A
3.39E-OU N/A ;
3.58E-01J N/A ;
1.25E+01
1 ND ( N/A
1.80E+02
1.03E+01
) 1.41E+02
4.17E+02
4.66E+02
1.22E+03
1.68E+03
2.49E+G3
2.25E+03
2.11E+02
2.45E+02
2.31E+02
7.15E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND - Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A =» Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng « 1.0E-09g
ug 3 1.0E-06g
ppt - parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-4
-------
TABLE D-3. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDO
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2.33E-02
1.26E+00
1.33E-01
8.80E-01
1.30E+00
1.06E+00(
4.65E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.74E-03(
9.38E-02(
8.98E-03(
5.42E-02(
7.33E-02(
5.56E-02(
2.88E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.79E+00
9.65E+01
1.02E+01
6.77E+01
9.96E+01
8.17E+01
3.57E+02
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1,
2,
1.
2,
1.
5.
01E+01
2SE-I-G1
67E+01
77E+00
30E+00
98E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.
i.
1.
1,
7.
3.
97E-01(
77E-HjO(
18E+00(
78E-01(
62E-02(
24E-02(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5.41E+01
4.04E+00
7.79E+02
1.73E+03
1.29E+03
2.13E+02
9.96E+01
4.60E+01
4.15E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions,
NO =
N/A =
ng =
ug =
ppt =
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-5
-------
TABLE D-4- DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITESSI-C*OUTLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
OIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2,
1,
30E-02(
56E+00(
1.97E-01I
1.
7.
4.
56E+00(
27E+00(
90E+00(
1.55E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
) 1.72E-03(
) 1.16E-01
) 1.33E-02
) 9.61E-02
2.56E-01(
8.95E-01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.86E+00
1.26E+02
1.60E+01
1.26E+02
5.88E+02
3.96E+02
1.25E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
9.18E+00
2.95E+01
1.91E+01
8.59E+00
2.35E+01
1.83E+01
1.08E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.21E-01(
2.32E+00(
1.35E+00
5.51E-01
1.38E+00
9.89E-01
7.32E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.42E+02
2.39E+03
1.55E+03
6.94E+02
1.90E+03
I.48E+03
8.75E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions.
ND » Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A ^ Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt ^ parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-6
-------
TABLE D-5. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr).
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
3.62E-02( N/A
1.85E+00( N/A
3.08E-01J N/A
1.61E+00( N/A
3.55E+00( N/A
2.83E+00( N/A
1.02E+01
. 1.12E+01!
3.41E+01I
2.44E+01
7.48E+00
l.OOE+01
7.36E+00
9.45E+01
[ N/A
; N/A- ;
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
) 2.71E-03 N/A
1 1.38E-01
1 2.08E-02
i 9.92E-02
N/A
N/A
N/A
i 2.01E-01( N/A
) 1.48E-01( N/A
6.10E-01
1 8.80E-01I
2.68E+OOi
1.73E+00
4.80E-01
5.88E-01
3.98E-01
: N/A ,
k N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.75E+00
) . 2.61E+00
) 1.33E+02
2.22E+01
1.16E+02
) 2.56E+02
) 2.04E+02
7.34E+02
> - 8.07E*02
2.46E+03
1.76E+03
5.39E+02
7.21E+02
5.30E+02
6.81E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are at as-measured oxygen conditions,
ND = Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive
ng = 1.0E-09g
u'g = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-7
-------
-------
APPENDIX D-2
RUN-SPECIFIC DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA
(Concentrations corrected to 3 percent Oxygen)
D-9
-------
-------
TABLE D-6. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITESSI-C INLET
Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm 9 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt § 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-COO
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
N/A J
3.98E+00( N/A ]
ND (
2.25E+00
8.14E+00( N/A ]
6.16E+OK
6.76E+01I
1.41E+02
4.71E+01I
1.14E+02
1.03E+02
1.17E+01
N/A
. N/A J
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.12E+02( N/A
1.12E+02( N/A
5.00E+02
ND ( N/A ]
2.98E-01
ND
5.01E-01
N/A
1.52E-01
N/A
3.49E+00( N/A ]
3.54E+00( N/A J
7.82E-1-00
3.70E+00
8.99E+00
7.27E+00
7.50E-01
6.58E+OOI
N/A ;
N/A ,
N/A ]
N/A
N/A
6.08E+00( N/A
3.34E+01
ND ( N/A )
6.54E+01
ND ( 3.70E+01)
1.34E+02
1.01E+03
1.11E+03
2.32E+03
7.73E+02
1.88E+03
1.69E+03
1.92E+02
1 1.84E+03
1 1.84E+03
8.21E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND = Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
0-11
-------
TABLE D-7 . DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUM 3, SITE SSI-C INLET
Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen
Dloxln/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas In Flue Gas
(ng/dscra 9 3% oxygen) (ppt § 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
ND (
1.29E+01I
7.37E-01I
1.01E+OH
3.00E+OK
3.35E+01I
8.72E+01
1.20E+02
1.79E+02
1.61E+02
1.51E+01
1.76E+01
2.02E+01
5.13E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
k N/A
ND
9.64E-01
4.98E-02
6.24E-01
1.70E+00
1.75E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
ND ( N/A )
1.80E+02
1.03E+01
N/A ) 1.41E+02
N/A ) 4.17E+02
N/A ) 4.66E+02
5.08E+00 1.22E+03
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9.46E+QQ( N/A ]
I.41E+01
1.14E+01
9.70E-01
N/A ) 1.04E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A ) 1.09E+00( N/A ]
1,68E+03
2.49E+03
2.25E+03
2.11E+02
2.45E+02
2.81E+02
3.80E+01 7.15E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-12
-------
TABLE D-8- DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 1, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dson $ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Ffue Gas
(ppt 9 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions. Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
1.55E-01(
8.37E+00
8.86E-01
5.87E+00
8.64E+QO(
7.09E+00(
3.10E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
16E-02(
6.25E-OH
5.99E-02(
3.61E-01{
4.89E-01(
3.71E-01(
1.92E+00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.79E+00
9.65E+01
1.02E+01
.77E+01
.96E+01
6,
9,
8.17E+01
3.57E+02
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
6.76E+OH
1.SOE+02J
1.12E+02(
1.85E+01(
8.64E+00(
3.99E+00(
3.60E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5.31E+00(
1.18E+01
7.90E+00
1.
5,
2.
19E+00
08E-01
16E-01
2.69E+01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7.79E+02
1.73E+03
1.29E+03
2.13E+02
9.96E+01
4.60E+01
4.15E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g -
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
ND =
N/A =
ng =
ug =
ppt =
8760 operating hours per year
0-13
-------
TABLE D-9. DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 2, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscra 9 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt (3 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDO
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
1.30E-01 N/A ) 9.68E-03( N/A
8.75E+00 N/A ) 6.54E-OH N/A
1.11E+00 N/A ) 7.50E-02( N/A
8.79E+00 N/A ) 5.41E-01( N/A
4.09E+01( N/A ) 2.31E+00( N/A
2.76E+01( N/A ) 1.44E+00( N/A
8.72E+01 5.04E+00
1.86E+00
1.26E+02
1.60E+01
1.26E+02
5.88E+02
3.96E+02
1.25E+03
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
5.16E+01
1.66E+02
1.08E+02
4.83E+01
1.32E+02
1.03E+02(
6.08E+02
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.06E+00
1.31E+01
61E+00
10E+00
77E+00
56E+00(
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.12E+01
7.42E4-02
2.39E+03
1.55E+03
6.94E+02
1.90E+03
1.48E+03
8.75E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
NO
N/A
ng
ug
ppt
Not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
1.0E-09g
1.0E-06g
parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-14
-------
TABLE D-10, DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS DATA FOR RUN 3, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Concentrations Corrected to 3% Oxygen
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ppt @ 3% oxygen)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions Rate
(ug/hr)
DIOXINS
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
Penta-CDD
Hexa-CDD
Hepta-CDD
Octa-CDD
Total PCDD
FURANS
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDF
Total PCDF
1.42E-01
7.23E+00
1.21E+00
6.31E+00
1.39E+01
1.11E+01
3.98E+01
4.38E+01
1.33E+02
9.56E+01
2.93E+01
3.91E+01
2.88E+01
3.70E+02
( N/A )
; N/A
! N/A )
: N/A )
( N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
N/A )
[ N/A )
1.06E-02
5.40E-01
8.14E-02
3.88E-01
7.86E-01
5.78E-01
2.39E+00
3.44E+OQ
1.05E+01
6.76E+00
1.88E+00
2.30E+00
1.56E+00
2.64E+01
( N/A
[ N/A
! N/A
( N/A
[ N/A
( N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
) 2.61E+00
) 1.33E+02
) 2.22E+01
) 1.16E+02
) 2.56E+02
) 2.04E+02
7.34E+02
8.07E+02
2.46E+03
1.76E+03
5.39E+02
7.21E+02
5.30E+02
6.81E+03
NOTE: Isomer concentrations shown are corrected to 3% oxygen.
ND = Not detected (detection limit in parentheses),
N/A = Not applicable. QA samples indicate the method capabilities and
minimum limits of detection when values are positive.
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
ppt = parts per trillion, dry volume basis
8760 operating hours per year
D-15
-------
-------
APPENDIX E
RUN-SPECIFIC RISK MODELING INPUT DATA
-------
-------
TABLE E-l. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 2, SITE SSI-C INLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
ND ( N/A )
1.39E+00
1.65E+01
4.00E+01
ND ( 7.88E-01)
3.60E+01
2.85E+00
4.09E+00
2.16E+01
3.92E+01
2.37E+01
3.93E+01
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
ND ( N/A )
6.54E+01
7.73E+02
1.88E+03
ND ( 3.70E+01)
1.69E+03
1.34E+02
1.92E+02
1.01E+03
1.84E+03
1.11E+03
1.84E+03
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
ND ( N/A )
5.73E+00
6.78E+02
1.65E+01
ND { 1.62E+02)
1.48E+03
4.68E+01
1.68E+01
8.87E+00
1.61E+01
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
2.27E+03
ND * not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - detection limit not available
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
mg » 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
E-l
-------
TABLE E-2 . RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 3, SITE SSI-C INLET
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscfii)
ND ( N/A )
4.23E+00
3.94E+01
5.86E+01
2.42E-01
5.28E+01
3.32E+00
4.95E+00
9.82E+00
5.77E+00
1.10E+01
6.62E+00
Isomer Hourly
Enri ss'fons
Rate
(ug/hr).
ND ( N/A )
1.80E+02
1.68E+03
2.49E+03
1.03E+01
2.25E+03
1.41E+02
2.11E+02
4.17E+02
2.45E+02
4.66E+02
2.81E+02
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
-.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
ND ( N/A )
1.58E+01
1.47E+03
2.18E+01
4.50E+01
1.97E+03
4.95E+01
1.85E+01
3.66E+00
2.15E+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
3.59E+03
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - detection limit not available
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
mg - 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
£-2
-------
TABLE E-3. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 1, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Stack Height (From Grade Level) * 44 m
Stack Diameter (ID) - 1.32 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate-(Dry Standard) = 1280.839 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 310 K --
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) =« 961 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
Relative
Potency
Factor
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
.33E-02
.26E+00
.01E+01
.25E+01
1.33E-01
1.67E+01
8.80E-01
2,
1,
1,
1,
77E+00
30E+00
30E+00
06E+00
5.98E-01
1.79E+00
9.65E+01
7.79E+02
1.73E+03
1.02E+01
1.29E+03
6.77E+01
2.13E+02
9.96E+01
9.96E+01
8.17E+01
4.60E+01
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
1.57E+01
8.45E+00
6.82E+02
1.52E+01
4.47E+01
13E+03
37E+01
1.87E-1-01
8.72E-01
8.72E-01
.OOE+00
.OOE-fOO
1.94E-I-03
1.
2.
NO = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A » detection limit not available
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
mg - 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
E-3
-------
TABLE E-4. RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 2, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Stack Height (From Grade Level) - 44 m
Stack Diameter (ID) - 1.32 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry Standard)
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 306 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) - 989 mpm
1347.922 dscmm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
Relative
Potency
Factor
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDQ
Hepta-CDF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
2.30E-02
.56E+00
.18E+00
.95E+01
-97E-01
.-91E+01
.56E+00
8.59E+00
7.27E+00
2.35E+01
4.90E+00
1.83E+01
1.86E+00
1.26E+02
7.42E+02
2.39E+03
1.60E+01
1.55E+03
1.26E+02
6.94E+02
5.88E+02
1.90E+03
3.96E+02
1.48E+03
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
63E+01
10E+01
6.50E+02
2.09E+01
6.99E+01
1.35E*03
4.43E+01
6.08E+01
5.15E+00
1.66E+01
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
2.25E+03
ND - not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A - detection limit not available
ng - 1.0E-09g
ug - 1.0E-06g
mg » 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
E-4
-------
TABLE E-5- RISK MODELING PARAMETERS FOR RUN 3, SITE SSI-C OUTLET
Stack Height (From Grade Level) = 44 m
Stack Diameter (ID) - 1.32 m
Flue Gas Flow Rate (Dry_Standard.),= 4201,589 dscmm
Flue Gas Exit Temperature - 305 K
Flue Gas Exit Velocity (Actual) = 874 mpm
Dioxin/Furan
Isomer
2378 TCDD
Other TCDD
2378 TCDF
Other TCDF
Penta-CDD
Penta-CDF
Hexa-CDD
Hexa-CDF
Hepta-CDD
Hepta-COF
Octa-CDD
Octa-CDF
Isomer
Concentration
In Flue Gas
(ng/dscm)
3.62E-02
1.85E+00
1.12E+01
3.41E+01
3.08E-01
2.44E+OI
1.61E+00
7.48E+00
3.55E+00
l.OOE+01
2.33E+00
7.36E+00
Isomer Hourly
Emissions
Rate
(ug/hr)
2.61E+00
1.33E+02
8.07E+02
2.46E+03
2.22E+01
1.76E*Q3
1.16E+02
5.39E+02
2.56E+02
7.21E+02
2.04E+02
5.30E+02
Relative
Potency
Factor
1.000
.010
.100
.001
.500
.100
.040
.010
.001
.001
.000
.000
2,3,7,8 - TCDD
Equivalent
Emissions
(mg/yr)
2.29E+01
1.17E+01
7.07E+02
2.15E+01
- 9.73E+01
1.54E+03 -
4.07E+01
4.73E+01
2.24E+00
6.32E+00
.OOE+00
.OOE+00
Net 2378 TCDD Equivalent Atmospheric Loading
2.50E+03
ND = not detected (detection limit in parentheses).
N/A ^ detection limit not available
ng = 1.0E-09g
ug = 1.0E-06g
mg = 1.0E-03g
Standard conditions: 293 K (20 C) temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
8760 operating hours per year
E-5
-------
-------
APPENDIX F
COMPOUND-SPECIFIC PRECURSOR RESULTS
-------
-------
TABLE F-l.
COMPOUND-SPECIFIC DIOXIN PRECURSOR
DATA FOR SITE SSI-C FEED SAMPLES
Precursor
Compounds
Precursor Concentration, ug/g (ppm)
Sludge Feed Samples
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Base Neutrals Fraction
Chlorinated Benzenes:
Dichlorobenzenes
Trichlorobenzenes
Tetrachlorobenzenes
Pentachlorobenzenes
Hexachlorobenzenes
Total Chlorinated Benzenes
Chlorinated Biphenyls:
Chlorobiphenyls
Dichlorobiphenyls
Tri chlorobi phenyls
Tetrachlorobi phenyls
Pentachlorobi phenyls
Hexachlorobi phenyls
Heptachlorobi phenyls
Octachlorobi phenyls
Nonachlorobi phenyls
Decachlorobi phenyls
Total Chlorinated Biphenyls
0.003
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
0
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
0
Acids Fraction
Chlorinated Phenols:
Dichlorophenols
Trichlorophenols
Tetrachlorophenols
Pentachlorophenols
Total Chlorinated Phenols
ND
ND
ND
ND
0
ND
ND
ND
ND
0
ND
ND
ND
ND
0
ND = not detected
F-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX 6
ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
-------
-------
APPENDIX G
ERROR ANALYSIS: CONTROL DEVICE EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
Objective: Given the analytical uncertainty of the dioxin/furan analyses
(± 50% accuracy), estimate the uncertainty of the control device
efficiency calculations.
Let: C
out,meas
'in,meas
'out,max
'out,min
'in, max
'in,min
the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
homologue at the outlet location.
the measured concentration of a given dioxin/furan
homologue at the inlet location.
the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue given the measured value C ^ meas-
the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue given the measured value C . meas-
the maximum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value C-n mea$.
the minimum possible concentration of the dioxin/
furan homologue, given the measured value C. __,c.
I n j flic a o
the removal efficiency of the control device
Assuming ± 50 percent analytical accuracy:
min = meas meas meas
max ~ meas + meas meas
Note that: E
max
"max
in.max " out.min
in,max
1 - out.meas
in,meas
1 - C
out.min
in,max
meas
G-l
-------
and:
Emin
- c
out, max
1 - C
r
in,min
out.max
»
'in,min
sr
'3 u
out.meas
0.5 C
in,meas
' 3
- Emeas>
min
meas
Now,
positive control (i.e., emissions
reduction across the control device)
meas ' 3
Therefore, if Emaa
-------
TABLE 6.1 VALUES OF Emax and Emin FOR VARIOUS MEASURED CONTROL EFFICIENCIES
Control
meas
100
95
90
85
80
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-100
-200
Device Efficiency (%)
max
100
98.3
96.7
95.0
93.4
91.7
83.4
75.0
66.7
58.4
50.0
33.4
0
min
100
85
70
55
40
25
-50
-125
-200
-275
-350
-500
-800
max
Em1n - 3Emeas ' 20°
G-3
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-.450/4-84-Ol4u
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources
Final Test Report - Site 12
Sewage Sludge Incinerator SSI - C
5. REPORT DATE
April 1987
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Michael A. Palazzolo, D. Blake Bath,
Carol L. Jamgochian, Deborah D. Benson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
87-231-056-12-48
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
Radian. Corporation
Post Office Box L3000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1 1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-03-3148
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
EPA Project Officers:
Donald Oberacker, ORD
William B. Kuykendal, OAQPS
16. ABSTRACT
This draft report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan emissions test of a sewage
sludge incinerator equipped with a wet scrubber system for particulate emissions con-
trol. The test was the 12th in a series of thirteen dioxin/furan emissions tests being
conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The primary objective of Tier 4
is to determine if various combustion sources emnit dioxins or furans. The secondary
objective of Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions.
Sewage sludge incinerators are one of eight combustion device categories that have
been tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested sewage sludge incinerator, hereafter
referred to as incinerator SSI-C, was selected for this test after an initial infor-
mation screening and a one-day pretest survey visit.
Data presented in the report include dioxin (tetra through octa homologue + 2378 TCDD)
and furan (tetra through octa homologue +2378 TCDF) results for both stack samples and
ash samples. In addition, process data collected during sampling are also presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Emissions
Combustion Sources
Dioxin
Furans
2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Sewage Sludge Incinerator
Incineration
Air Pollution Emissions
Data
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS {This page I
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
192
22. PRICE
EPA F«fm 2220-1 (R»v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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