3EPA
United Slates
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
AIR
A PC BASED SYSTEM
GENERATING EKMA
EPA-450/4-88-016
NOVEMBER 1988
FOR
INPUT FILES
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EPA-450/4-88-016
A PC BASED SYSTEM FOR
GENERATING EKMA INPUT FILES
By
Systems Applications, Inc.
San Rafael, CA 94903
EPA Contract No. 68-02-4352
EPA Project Officer: Keith A. Baugues
OFFICE OF AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27711
NOVEMBER 1988
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the view and
policies of th'e U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
tradenames or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for
use.
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PREFACE ;
i
i
This document is one of five related to application of EKMA and the-use of
OZIPM-4 (Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional Mechanisms), the computer program
used by EKMA. Listed below are the titles of the five; documents and a brief
description of each.
"Procedures for Applying City-specific EKMA", EPA-450/4-J89--012, July 1989
- Describes the procedures for using the Empirical Kinetic Modeling
Approach (EKMA). The major focus is on how to develop needed inputs for
OZIPM-4. In addition this document describes how to determine a control
target onca OZIPM-4 has been run. j
1
"A PC Based System for Generating EKMA Input Files", EPA-450/4-88-016, November
- Describes a program that creates EKMA input files using a menu driven
program. . This sofware is only available for an: IBM-PC or compatible
• machine. Files built using this system can be uploaded to a mainframe
computer. !
"User's Manual for OZIPM-4 (Ozone Isopleth, Plotting with'Optional Median isms)-
Vo-lume 1", EPA-450/4-89-009a, July 1989 •
i
- - Describes the conceptual basis behind OZIPM-4. "It Describes the chemical
mechanism, Carbon Bond 4, and each of the- options : ava.il able in OZIPM-4
Formats for each of the options are outl ined so that a user c-an create inout
files using any text editor. I .
''User's Manual for OZIPM-4 (Ozone Isopleth Plotting with: Optional Mechanisms)- •
Volume 2: Computer Code", EPA-450/4-89-009b, July 1989 i
- Describes modifications to the computer code that are necessary in order
to use OZIPM-4 on various machines. A complete listing of OZIPM-4 is also
found in this publication. I
"Consideration of Transported Ozone and Precursors and Their Use in EKMA"
tPA-450/4-39-010, July 1389
i
- Recommends procedures for considering transported 'ozone and precursors
in the design of State Implementation Plans to meet national ambient air
quality standards for ozone. A computerized (PC) system for determining
whether an ozone exceedance is due to overwhelming transport is described
This document is necessary, only if an area is suspected- of experiencing
overwhelming transport of ozone or ozone precursors.
11
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EKMA may be used in several ways: (1) as a means for helping to focus more
resource-intensive photochemical grid model ing analyses on strategies most 1 ikely
to be successful in demonstrating attainment; (2) as a procedure to assist in
making comparisons between VOC and NOx controls; (3) in non-SIP applications,
such as in helping to make national policy evaluations assessing cost/benefits
associated with various alternatives and (4) for preparation of control estimates
consistent with limitations/provisions identified in Clean Air Act Amendments.
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ABSTRACT
The OZIPM-4^computer program, associated With the Empirical -Kinetics Modeling
Approach (EKMA) is an acceptable modeling approach for ozone air quality
analyses. The OZIPM-4 computer program was developed for use on large mainframe
computers. With the advancements in computer technology, many mainframe computer
codes such as OZIPM-4 can now be executed on personal desktop computers. This
nf?n TRM6^/^^6 fe °f * menu-driven version of the OZIPM-4 designed to run
on an IBM PC/XT/AT or true compatible personal computers. 'Such a system provides
an efficient method to develop input files required to execute the OZIPM-4 code
This report serves as a user's guide showing how to use the interactive system'
'ne-metnoas or deveioolng^ the inout. variables, are discussed ^
.not presented in this document. . •
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
•The OZIPM-4 input file generator was developed using Turbo Prolog by
Borland, Inc. Special thanks are given to Dr. Harvey Jeffries of the
University of North Carolina for his guidance and recommendations in the
development of the program.
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EDIT OPTION
PLACe Option
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DISCLAIMER
PREFACE ii
ABSTRACT i.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .' v
FIGURES ' • ...
• vm
1. INTRODUCTION _ j
2. INSTALLATION AND STARTUP 2
• SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS [ . 0
INSTALLATION .... ' ' ,
STARTUP i 2
MOVING AROUND IN THE PROGRAM .' '•'•': \
KEY DEFINITIONS ' 6,
HELP MESSAGES AND ERROR MESSAGES ..." / .' .' '. '. '. '. '.'.'.'.'.'.'' 7
3. QUICK START PROCEDURES ...... -3
'. • SETTING THE WOgKING DIRECTORY . . ' ' „
CREATING AN INPUT FILE . . .' ' : !' ' •' ' «
EDITING AN EXISTING INPUT FILE . . : '' ' Q
RUNNING OZIPM-4 . • • ' ' ,^
RUNNING THE PLOT OPTION ' ' Jn
VIEWING AN INPUT OR OUTPUT FILE -..,...., i.u
EXITING. THE PROGRAM •-...,'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.]-'.'.[•','''' 12
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE OZIPM-4 PROGRAM . i 13
1 C
DILUtion Option . '
TEMPerature Option
TRANsport Option .
MASSemiss Option .
REACtivity Option
17
17
17
...
CREDit Option .'.'!!!.'.'.';.".".'"-'''' 22
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TITLe Option . , , . 28
TIME Option 28
SPECies Option 28
Accuracy Option 28
ALREady Option ...... 32
PLOT Option . 32
EKMA Option . 32
CALCulate Option 36
ISOPleth Option 36
BIOGenics Option . .' 36
WATEr Option 41
LOAD/SAVE OPTION ' . . . . 41
Load option 41
Save option ; 45
View option 45
~~!ear ootion _5
RUN OPTION . ' 48
PLOT OPTION . . .'.'.'.'.'.'.' 48
Display option 48
. Plotter option 54
DIRECTORY OPTION . . .- • 55
QUIT OPTION ....-..- I.!.'!.'!.'.'.'.'!- 56'
5. RUNNING OZIPM-4 AND OZPL'OT IN "STAND-ALONE" MODE .../....... 58
RUNNING OZIPM-4 . •. : '. ^3
RUNNING OZPLOT PLOTTING PROGRAM !..'.'.'!.'.' 59
REFERENCES 51 .
APPENDIX ' ; A.L
VI 1
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FIGURES
paoe
2-1 Example screen display of the OZIPM-4 front-end
banner page .................................. „ ............ 4
i
2-2 Example screen display of the primary option menu ........ . 5
4-1 Example screen display of the 18 input options ' -
available in OZIPM-4.....' ..................... ............ 14
4-2 Example screen display of the place option menu ........... 16
4-3 . Example screen display of the dilution option ;menu ........ 18
4-4 Example screen display of the temperature option menu ..... 19
j
4-5 Example screen display of the temperature option menu with
the hourly temperature data fields .......... '"..;..', ......... 20
4-6 Example screen display of the transport option menu....'... 21
4-7 • Example screen display of the- massemiss option; menu ....... 23
4-8 Example screen display of the massemiss option" menu with
hourly emissions data fields ____ .. ... ......... ,. . . ; ........ 24
4-9 Example screen display of the reactivity option menu ...... 25
4-10 Example screen display of the credit option menu .......... 26
4-11 Example screen display of the credit option menu with
the hourly CO emissions data fields ........... . ........... 27
4-12 Example screen display of the title option menu ........... 29
4-11 ' Example screen d.isplay of the. time option menui.... ........ 30
VI 1 1
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4-14 Example screen display of the species option menu. 31
4-15 Example screen display of the accuracy option menu 33
4-16 Example screen display of.the already option menu 34
4-17 Example screen display of the plot option menu............ 35
4-18 Example screen display of the EKMA option menu 37
4-19 Example screen display of the calculate option menu 38
4-20 Example screen display of the isopleth option menu 39
4-21 Example screen display of the isopleth option menu
with data fields for the isoline values 40
4-22 Example screen display of the biogenics option menu 42
4-13 Example screen- display of the biogenics option menu with
hourly emission fields. 43
4-24 Example screen display of the water option menu 46
4-25 Example screen display of the water option menu with
hourly relative humidity fields 47
4-26 Example screen display of the- load/save option menu 49
4-27 Example screen display of the load option menu 50
4-28 Example screen display of the load option menu
with a directory 1 ist of the input files 51
4-29 Example screen display of the save option menu 52
4-30 Example screen display'of the save option menu
with a directory list of the input files 53
4-31 Example screen display of the plot option menu 55
1-32 Example screen-display of the directory option-menu 57
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1. INTRODUCTION
This computer program is intended to assist users in developing input files
needed to run OZIPM-4 (Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional Mechanisms). It
has been written for use on an IBM-PC or compatible machine. A menu driven
system allows the user to select options, fill in the blanks and create input
files. This program has on screen help features for nearly all input fields
In addition, the system can view input or output files and plot isopleth
diagrams to the screen or to a compatible plotter.
i
An earlier version of this program could also make OZIPM-4 runs by
accessing the RUN option from the menu. This feature h no longer supported
The OZIPM-4 code utilized in the earlier version contained some proprietary
software which allowed intermediate results to be displayed to the screen In
order to provide an uncompiled version of OZIPM-4 to users, it was necessary to
.noany G/UPM-4- ana to disable the RUN^ooiion. Users -nusr'.iow. -un -Z"~M-~ ^
batch mode as described in Chapter 5. • i
•+u JhLs manual is divided into five chapters. The second chapter describes
n5?DMY f recluirenients> startup procedures, and moving around within the
u^iPM-4 system. Chapter 3 provides quick-start procedures for users familiar
with setting up input files for OZIPM-4. Chapter 4!describes the orimary
options avai able in the OZIPM-4 system. Chapter 5;describes methods for
running OZIPM-4 and the plotting software 'in batch mode1
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Z. INSTALLATION AND STARTUP
System hardware requirements and procedures for installing the OZIPM-4
distribution disks onto the personal computers are presented in this chapter.
This chapter also provides a general overview of the OZIPM-4 system and a
summary of commonly used keys.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
This program is designed to run on any IBM PC/XT/AT or true compatible
with a minimum of 512KB RAM memory. The OZIPM-4 system has been run under MS-
DOS 3.1 and greater. The OZIPM-4 system requires a hard disk with at least 1MB
of free disk space. (The software provided on the two distribution disks
occupies about 720KB of disk space.) A math coprocessor is strongly recommended
although it is not needed, to run -ha. -jZI?M--i- zysTism. A- sysism ,
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STARTUP
To access the program, type "OZACCESS" from any location of the hard disk.
It is recommended that separate subdirectories be created to store the input and
output files developed for QZIPM-4. The program will configure itself to access
the input and output files in the current subdirectory when the "Directory"
option is specified. (See Chapter 4 for more information on the Directory
option.)
The OZIPM-4 front-end banner (Figure 2-1) will appear on the screen while
the program is loaded into memory.*. After the program'is loaded into memory, the
primary option menu will appear on the screen.
MOVING AROUND IN THE PROGRAM
The primary option menu (shown in Figure 2-2) consists of six options:
Load/save
Run
Plot
Directory
Quit
CUTT: an"existing or-create a new- input rile
Load or save an input file
Execute the OZIPM-4 program (HAS BEE.:N .DISABLED)
Plot isopleth diagrams onto the screen or on a plotter
Setting the. working directory as the default directory
i
Exiting the OZIPM-4 system ,
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A Front End for
QZ PM-4
Written for the Environmental Protection Agency by
Systems Applications, Jnc., San Rafael, California
Loading program files
Figure 2-1. Example screen display of :he OZIPM-4 front-end banner page.
83
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Edit
Load/save
Run
Plot
E)i rectory
Quit
: — Prompt-
Edit (or create) OZIPM-4 input records
n :Locate Enter (or first letter): Activate . Fl:help ESC: Cancel
Figure 2-2. Example screen display of the primary option
menu,
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Access any of the six options by typing the first letter of the option or by
using the left and right arrow keys (found on the numeric pad of the keyboard)
to position on the desired option and hitting the ENTER key.
In order to provide a computer program that will run on many systems, the
RUN option has been disabled. The procedure for making OZIPM-4 simulations is
discussed in Chapter 5.
In general, first-time users of the program will perform the following
tasks:
•
1. Create an input file for the OZIPM-4 main program.
2. Edit the existing input file to perform further simulations.
3, Save the input file.
As seen in Figure 2-2, the primary option menu consists of two banners.
The top banner contains the six options. The bottom banner (the Prompt banner).
shows a brief message describing the option. With the left and right arrow
keys, you can move back and forth between the six options. As you do so, the
message on the bottom banner will change accordingly. A reminder of the keys
one can use to move around in the 'program is shown at the very bottom of the
screen.
KEY DEFINITIONS
The program relies on several keys to perform many of its basic functions.
This section describes all special keys used by the program. Each key is defined
as follows.
T4-*-*- The up, down, left, and right arrows are used extensively to
position the cursor to different locations of the screen.
TAB The TAB key operates in a similar fashion as the arrow keys
within the OZIPM-4 submenus. Use of the TAB key is generally
.more efficient -to move around the various input parameters.
Hitting the TAB key will move the cursor forward. Hitting the
SHIFT+TAB keys will move the cursor backwards.
ENTER The ENTER key is used to store an input value in OZIPM-4. The
ENTER key must be hit to save the entered value.
ESC The ESC (Escape) key is used to leave a submenu of the program.
Hitting the ESC key will discard any entry made in a submenu.
PI The Fl key activates the help message system. Help messages
will appear on the screen. All help messages can be removed by
hitting the SPACEBAR.
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F9 The F9 key is used to clear an input option from future use.
For example, this key provides a way to erase the EKMA input
option if the user wishes to run another option such as the ISOP
input option. Use the F9 key only to clear an input? option. Do
not use this key when an option has not been declared with the
F10 key.
F10 The F10 key must be pressed after an input option is created or
edited. The entered values will be saved within OZIPM-4 for
later processing (either to be saved to a file or to be used in
the execution of OZIPM-4).
' •
.
HELP MESSAGES AND ERROR MESSAGES
The program provides on-line help messages for nearly all the different
options and parameters within the interactive system. The parameter options
ars those found, in Appendix A. Error- inessages which :;7iay occur sr.? FORTRAN
errors which are recorded by the program and displayed on the monitor. Most
FORTRAN error messages are self-explanatory. The most common error message will
be;
execution error U2253: command failed
This error message indicates that there is not enough 'memory to execute the
program.- The user should check to see if enough memory is available to use the
.OZIPM-4 system by typing "CHKDSK". The amount of free memory must be at least
460KB in order to execute the OZIPM-4 program. Usually memory-resident programs
are using the RAM memory and must be -unloaded from memory in order to use the
program. Some memory-resident.programs may be unloaded by the user, others are
unloaded when the system is powered-off or rebooted. Check the manuals provided
with the .memory-resident -program to determine how to unload the program from
memory. An- alternate approach is to boot the system from a system, floppy
diskette which does not contain an AUTOEXEC.BAT file which invokes the memory-
resident program nor a CONFIG.SYS file which contains additional device driver
specifications.
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3. QUICK START PROCEDURES
This chapter describes several general steps in performing OZIPM-4
calculations. This chapter is intended for users familiar with the mainframe
version of OZIPM-4 and serves as a summary of the procedures to follow in
performing simple tasks in this program. This chapter is not recommended for
first-time users. First-time users should read Chapter 4 and explore the
various menus provided in the program before performing actual EKMA
calculations. It is recommended that all users read Chapters 4 and 5 to
receive maximum benefits from the program. This chapter is divided into six
sections. Each section is presented in a step by step manner.
SETTING THE WORKING DIRECTORY
1. Change directory location to the subdirectory containing the
OZIPM-4- input files using*the DOS "CD" command.
2. Invoke the program by typing "OZACCESS". (Make sure the PATH
statement is used.)
.3. In the primary option menu, either hit the D key or with the left
and right arrow keys move the cursor to the Directory option and
hit the ENTER key.
4. Chose the Working option by hitting the ENTER key.
5. Type in the name of the current, subdirectory. NOTE: The full
pathname, including the drive letter should be entered (e.g ,
C:\MYWORKDR). Hit ENTER to set the working directory.
6. In order for the program to use the current subdirectory as the
default directory, choose the Save option by hitting the S key or
by using the down arrow to position on the Save option and hitting
the ENTER key. The prpgram will create a file called "WHIZ.SYS"" in
the current subdirectory. When the program is invoked in the
current subdirectory, all pathnames will be defaulted to the
current directory. NOTE: A "WHIZ.SYS" file can be created in -
every subdirectory which the user desires to perform OZIPM-4'
simulations.
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CREATING AN INPUT FILE
1. Change directory location to the subdirectory containing the
OZIPM-4 input files using the DOS "CD" command.
2. Invoke the program by typing "OZACCESS". (Make sure the PATH
statement is used.)
3. In the primary option menu, either hit the E key or with the left
and right arrow keys move the cursor to the Edit option and hit the
ENTER key.
4. Chose one of the 18 available OZIPM-4 input option to create by
hitting the appropriate letter (A-R) or by using the up and down
arrow keys to position on the desired input option and hitting the
ENTER key. ,
5. Enter the desfrad values for the- input" option..- 3e-sure to hit the
ENTER key after entering each value'. Hit the F10 key when done.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for.each input option. !
7. After all input options are entered,, hit the ESC key to access the
primary options.
8..- Choose the Load/save option to save the input file.
i
EDITING AN EXISTING INPUT FILE • !
1. Change directory location to the subdirectory containing the
OZIPM-4 input files using the DOS "CD" command.
2. Invoke the program by typing "OZACCESS". (Make sure the PATH
statement is used.) ' j
!
3. In the primary option menu, either hit the L key or with the left
and right arrow keys move the cursor to the Load/save option and
hit the ENTER key.
4. enter the Filename of the input file to be edited or hit the ENTER
key to choose the input file'to be edit using the arrow keys. 'Note
that the input filename should have the extension ".INP" appended
in order to be recognized in the program. Also, the OZIPM-4
, Load/save and Edit option can only operate on the 18 input options.
All other input options are not recognized by the program will
produce erroneous input formats for the OZIPM-4 program.
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5. Hit the ESC key to access the six primary options. Choose the Edit
option by hitting the E key or by using the left and right cursor
keys to position to the Edit option and hitting the ENTER key.
6. Chose one of the 18 available OZIPM-4 input option to edit (or
create) by hitting the appropriate letter (A-R) or by using the up
and down arrows to position on the desired input option and hitting
the ENTER key.
• 7. Jo remove this option from further use, hit the F9 key. To modify
an existing value, enter the desired value for the input option.
Be sure to erase any trailing nonzero value of the original data
before hitting the ENTER key to accept the value. Hit the F10 key
when done to accept all values set 'for the desired input option.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for each input option.
9. After all input options are edited, hit the ESC key to access the
orimary options.
10. Choose the Load/save option to save the input file.
RUNNING OZIPM-4
In order to provide a computer program that will run on many systems,
the RUN .option has been disabled.. The procedure for making OZIPM-4
simulations is discussed in Chapter 5.
RUNNING THE PLOT OPTION .
WARNING
the OZIPM-4 code does not contain a graphics package needed to write
plotter output to a metafile. The user must supply a graphics package and
compile/link it with OZIPM-4 in order to produce metafiles that can be
plotted.
1. Change directory location to the subdirectory containing the OZIPM-
4 input files using the DOS "CD" command.
2. Invoke the program by typing "OZACCESS". (Make sure the PATH
statement is used.)
3. In the primary option menu, either hit the P key or with the left
and right arrow keys move the cursor to the Plot option and hit the
ENTER key.
10
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8.
9.
Choose the Display option to display isopleth diagrams on the
monitor or the Plotter option to generate a hardcopy of the
isopleth diagrams. Use the up or down arrow keys (or hit the D or
P key) to choose the desired option. •
If the Display option is chosen, type the name of the plot (meta)
file to be displayed. This is the file created by OZIPM-4 wvth the
suffix ".mta" as the extension. The plotting program will be
executed after hitting the ENTER key.
I
If the Plotter option is chosen, the program vnll display a prompt
reminding the user to configure the. plotter if necessary. If the
plotter needs to be reconfigured, then hit "N"! and exit the
program. Type "PCONFIG" to configure the plotter and repeat steps
1 to 4. At this point, answer "Y" to the reminder prompt. The
next display will be a choice of one of the three Hewlett-Packard
plotters available for plotting the isopleth diagram. Choose the
appropriate plotter using the up or down arrow keys and hit the
ENTER, key. The plotting
isopleth diagrams.
rogram will generate- the hardcopy
After all isopleth diagrams are generated, control will return to
the primary option menu. j
Repeat -steps 1 through 7 for all desired plots.
After all plots are generated, hit the ESC key to. access the -six
primary options, choose the Quit option to exit the program.
VIEWING AN INPUT OR OUTPUT FILE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Change directory location to the subdirectory Containing the
OZIPM-4 input files using the DOS "CD" command,
Invoke the program by typing "OZACCESS". (Make sure the PATH
statement is used.)
In the primary option menu, either hi
and right arrow keys move the cursor
hit the ENTER key.
it
the L key or with the left
to the Load/Save option and
Choose the View option to view an inpjut
monitor. The system will ask for the
the ENTER key is entered, without ente
list is produced. Use the arrow keyjs
desired file for viewing and hit thef
page-down keys to move forward and backwards
11
or output file on the
name of the file to view. If
ing a filename, a directory
to position the cursor to the
!NTER key,, Use the page-up or
through the file. A
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5.
6.
search feature is provided to search for specific information. For
instance, the maximum 1-hour ozone can be found on an output file
generated using the CALCulate option by hitting F3, typing
"MAXIMUM", and hitting the F3 key a second time. The program will
search for the next occurrence of the text string "MAXIMUM".
After viewing the file hit F10 to return to the primary option
menu.
Hit the ESC key to access the six primary options, choose the Quit
option to exit the program.
EXITING THE PROGRAM
1. To leave the program, hit the ESC key to access the six primary
options. Hit the Q key or with the left and right arrow keys posi-
tion to the Quit option and hit the ENTER key. If any editing was
performed during the session and has not been saved, the program
will display a prompt asking the user if editing changes should be
saved or abondoned before exiting the program.
12
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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE OZIPM-4 PROGRAM
This chapter describes in greater detail the use of the six primary
options available in the program. The screen menus displayed for each option
are also presented in this chapter. Some general notes on operating the
program are: .
Help messages are available for most OZIPM-4 options and parameters
by hitting the Fl key. . ;
Always hit the SPACEBAR to exit from a help message.
The ESC key will return the OZIPM-4 to the primary option menu.
Warm boot the. system (using CTRL+ALT+DEL keys)'should the, system
hang for any ryeason.
The six primary options are described in the following sections.
EDIT OPTION
When the Edit option is accessed (either by hitting :the-E key or
positioning to the Edit'option with the left or right arrow keys) the program
will display the 18 available input opti9ns (see Figure 4-1). The 18 options
are described in detailed in "User's Manual for OZIPM-4 (Ozone Isopleth
Plotting with Optional Mechanisms)" (EPA, 1989) and in Appendix A of this
document. Choose the input option to edit by hitting the letter associated
with the input option or using the up or down arrow keys to position to the
desired input option and hitting the ENTER key.
Each of the 18 input options'can be edited in a similar manner. Some
general operations for each option are: ....
Always hit the ENTER key after entering a value: or the program will
not retain the new value.
After all modifications are made to. an input option, hit the F10
key to save the modifications.
An input option either defined during the current edit session or
defined from a previous edit session can be cleared completely from
the input file by hitting the F9 key. The program will ask the
user to verify that the option is to be cleared. Only use the F9
key to clear options which have been defined. Use the ESC key to
abort an option which has not been defined.
13
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Edit Load/save Run Plot . Directory Quit
A PLACe
B Dilution
C TEMPerature
D TRANsport
E MASSemis
F REACtivity
G CREDit
H TITLe
I TIME
J SPECies
K ACCUracy
L ALREady
M PLOT
N EKMA
0 CALCulate
P ISOPleth
Q BIOGenics
R WATEr
PLACE: set the location for this simulation
r 4- :Locate Enter (or first letter): Activate ' Flrhelp ESC: Cancel
Figure 4-1. Example screen display of the 18 input options availabl
OZIPM-4.
e in
14.
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The ESC key will return to the primary option
menu without storing
any modifications.
Use the TAB and arrow keys to move around the display screen.
Data values which are not entered will be written to the input file
with a value of zero. The OZIPM-4 main program will interpret
zeroes as blanks for most parameters. Some input options do
interpret zeroes as an actual number. For these input options a
value must be entered explicitly even if default values are
desired. Check the following subsections to determine where
nonzero values must be entered. The-data description line usually
displays the default value for each input parameters.
Input options which are not created or specified in the input file
will be treated with default values as described in the EPA (1989)
document. . I
i
The OZIPM-4 system checks the minimum and maximum allowable values
which can be entered in an input option. A value outside of the
specified range will be flagged by the program and will not be
accepted until the user enters a valid value. Similarly, if the
user enters a nonnumeric value in a numeric data field, the program
will notify the user that an invalid value has1been entered and
• will not accept the value. - i
i
The display screens for each of the 18 input options contain'.a top
banner describing the input option, a middle section to enter specific data
values, a bottom banner section which contains a short description of the data
to be entered, and a bottom line describing the key functions'(see Figure 4-2
for an example of an input option display screen). The 18 input options are
discussed in the following subsections.
PLACe Option
i
The PLACe option can be accessed by hitting the A key or by using the up
or down arrow keys to position to the PLACe option and hitting the ENTER key.
The PLACe option screen will then be displayed (Figure 4-2)., The PLACe input
option contains seven input parameters (latitude, longitude, time zone, year,
month, day, and"the name of the location to be simulated}. When the PLACa
option is invoked, the user must enter all seven parameters even when default
values are desired.
Note: The time zone can also be entered by hitting the ENTER key before •
entering a value. Choose the appropriate time zone using the left or riqht
arrow keys.
15
-------
PLACE Location and date for calculating light intensity.
If not used, PLACE defaults to Los Angeles on June 21, 1986.
Latitude:
Longitude:
Zone:
Year:
Month:
Day:
Name :
North latitude of location in decimal degrees (DF=34.058)
ti :Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear"
Figure 4-2. Example screen display of the PLACe option menu.
16
-------
DILUtion Option
The DILUtion option can be accessed by hitting the B key or by using the
up or down arrow keys to position to the DILUtion option and hitting the ENTER
key. The DILUtion option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-3.
The DILUtion option contains 5 input parameters (initial mixing height, final
mixing height, starting time, ending time, and dilution rate before and after
the mixing height change). If the DILUtion option is invoked, then the first
four parameters must be entered even if default values are desired. Note that
in city-specific.calculations no dilution is assumed before and after the
mixing height change. So, the dilution rate (before and after the mixing
height change) parameter is generally set to zero. This parameter is in the •
program to provide compatibility with input files developed outside the
program.
TEMPerature Option
The TEMPerature option can be accessed by hitting the C key or by using
the up or down arrow keys to position to the TEMPerature option and hitting
the ENTER key. The TEMPerature option screen will be displayed as shown in
Figure 4-4. The TEMPerature option contains 1 input parameter (the number of '
hours with varying hourly temperature values). Upon entering the number of
hours which the temperature varies, the display screen will show the data
field for entering the temperature values (Figure 4-5). There will be n+1 -
number of temperature data fields where-n is the number of hours. Each
temperature value represents the temperature at.the beginning of the hour.
Thus, the data field labelled "0:" will contain the temperature at"start of
the simulation. j
TRANsport Option
The TRANsport option can be accessed by hittina the D key or using the up
or down arrow keys to position to the TRANsport option and hitting the ENTER
key. The TRANsport option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-6.
The TRANsport option contains 6 main input parameters (surface 0,, aloft 0,,
thP ?nrf& ,al°fti 'S?',^*08 MOC, and aloft NMOC) and 18 data fields for
the surface and aloft NMOC reactivities. If non-default NMOC reactivity
values are desired, then enter the values into the appropriate data field.
nil reactivity) data fields must be entered when one or-more reactivity value*
are entered otherwise the program will interpret a blank data field as zero."
i • l -
MASSemiss Option
; j
The MASSemiss option can be accessed by hitting the E key or by using the
rS^rn ?0wn aT°w keys to P0511^" to the MASSemiss option and hitting the
ENTER key. The MASSemiss option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4 7
17
-------
DILUTION Mixing height data to determine dilution.
Initial height:
Final height:
Starting time:
Ending time: .
Dilution rate:
Initial mixing height in meters (DF=510)
T4. :Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-3. Example screen display of the Dilution option menu.
18
-------
TEMPERATURE
Providing for varying temperatures during the simulation. If
this option is not used, the temperature default to 303°K.
Hours:
Entar the, number of hours of varying temperature (I-
ti :Locate EnterrEnter Flrhelp F10:Accept ESC:Reject
Figure 4-4, Example screen display of the TEMPerature option
19
2.4-}
F9;Clear
menu,
-------
TEMPERATURE Provides for varying temperatures during the simulation.o If
this option is not used, the temperatures default to 303°K.
Hours: 11
0: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11:
Enter the temperature in degrees Kelvin
n :Locate EnterrEnter Fl:help F10:Accept ESCrReject F9:Clear
Figure 4-5. Example screen display of the TEMPerature option menu with the
hourly temperature data fields.
20
-------
TRANSPORT Information on 03, N02, and NMOC transported, in the surface
layer and in the air aloft that is entrained, as the inversion
rises. If TRAN is not used, concentrations default to 0.0
Surface 03:
Surface N02:
Surface NMOC:
Aloft 03:
Aloft N02:
Aloft NMOC:
Fill in the following ONLY if you want to change the default NMOC mix
Surface .NMOC mi
TOL:
Aloft NMOC mix
TOL
ETH:
XYL:
ETH: -
XYL:
OLE.:
PAR:
OLE:
PAR:
ALD2.:
ISOP:
1 ALD2:
! ISOP:
rORM:
NR;
FORM:
NR:
Transported 03 concentration in the surface layer (ppm)
ti :Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-6. Example screen display of the TRANsport option menu.
21
-------
The MASSemiss option contains 4 main input parameters (number of hours of
emissions, the 0600-0900 NMOC concentration, the 0600-0900 NO. concentration,
and the initial mixing height) and up to 48 data fields for the VOC and NOX
emissions. Blank data fields will be interpreted as zero emissions in the
HASSemiss option. Upon entering the number of emission hours the data fields
for the emission values will be displayed (see Figure 4-8).
REACtivity Option
The REACtivity option can-be accessed by hitting the F key or by using
the up or down arrow keys to position to the REACtivity option and hitting the
ENTER key. The REACtivity option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure
4-9. The REACtivity option contains 10 input parameters (the initial N02/NOX
ratio, and the organic fractions for the 9 Carbon-Bond species). When the
REACtivity option is invoked, the user must enter a value for the initial
NOjj/NO,, ratio even if the default value is desired. All blanks in the organic
reactivity data fields will be interpreted as zero if any nonzero .organic
fraction is entered.
CREDit Option . •
The CREDit option can be accessed by hitting the 6 key or by using the "up
or down arrow keys to position to the CREDit option and hitting the ENTER key.
The CREDit option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-10. The
CREDit option contains 7 main input parameters (a defeat option flag, the
number of hours of CO emissions, the 0600-0900 CO •concentration in the present
year, the 0600-0900 aloft CO concentration in the present'year, the aloft CO
concentration in the future year, and the percent change in CO emissions from
the present year to.the future year) and up to 24'data fields for the hourly
CO emissions. Blank data fields will be interpreted as zero emissions in the
CREDit option.
Upon entering the number of emission hours the data fields for the
emission values will be displayed (see Figure 4-11). Blanks entered in the
emissions data fields will be interpreted as zero. The number of hourly CO
emissions can be entered as either a positive or negative value depending on
the units of the hourly emissions. If the user wishes to enter CO emissions
as mass densities (units of kg/km2), then the negative value of the number of
hourly emissions should be entered. If the user desires to enter CO emissions
expressed as the fraction of the initial 0600-0900 CO concentration, then a
positive value of the number of hourly CO emissions should be entered.
The defeat option flag is an option provided in the mainframe versions of
the OZIPM-4 program where multiple calculations (either with EKMA, CALCulate,
or ISOPleth options) can be performed and the user does not want to invoke the
CREDit option for some of the calculations. In general, the defeat option
flag will be set to zero.
22
-------
MASSEMISS Mass emission densities through which post-800 emission
----- fraction are calculated
i
Hours: NMOC: NOX: Height:
Enter the. numoer or nours' of emissions i
n :Locate Enter:Enter Flrhelp F10:Accept ESC:Reject :F9:Clear
Figure 4-7. Example screen display of the MASSemiss option
menu,
23
-------
MASSEMISS Mass emission densities through which post-800 emission
fraction are calculated
Hours: 5 NMOC: NOX: Height:
1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
Measured 0600-0900 NMOC emissions (ppmC)
T4- :Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-8. Example screen display of the MASSemiss option menu with
hourly emission fields.
24
-------
REACTIVITY Information on organic reactivity and the NQ2/NOX ratio
for the initial 6-9 AM mix and VOC and NOX emissions.
N02/NOX
ETH: OLE: ALD2: FORM: TOL:
XYL: PAR: ISOP: NR:
Enter the N02/NOX fraction
n rLocate Enter:Enter Fl:help FlOrAccept ESC:Reject F9::Clear
Figure 4-9. Example screen display of the REACtivity option
menu.
25
-------
CREDIT Allow for post-0800 CO emissions in EKMA calculations.
Defaults are no post-0800 CO emissions, 1.2 ppm CO initial,
and 0.5 ppm CO aloft.
Defeat: Hours: Height:
Present CO: Present aloft CO:
Future change: Future aloft CO:
Enter minus one (-1) to defeat this option in multiple runs (DF=0)
ti -.Locate EnterrEnter Flrhelp FlOrAccept ESC:Reject F9:C1ear
Figure 4-10. Example screen display of the CREDit option menu.
26
-------
CREDIT Allow for post-0800 CO emissions in EKMA calculations.
Defaults are no post-0800 CO emissions, 1.2 ppm CO initial,
and 0.5 ppm CO aloft.
Defeat: Hours: 5 Height:
Present CO: Present aloft CO:
Future change: Future aloft CO:
1: 2: 3: 4: ; 5:
Initial mixing height. Use only if HOURS is negative
n :Locate Enter:Enter Flrhelp F10:Accept ESC:Reject | F9:Clear
Figure 4-11. Example screen display of the CREDit option menu with the
hourly CO emissions data fields. '
27
-------
TITLe Option
The TITLe option allows the user to enter a title for the specific
simulation and can be accessed by hitting the H key or by using the up or down
arrow keys to position to the TITLe option and hitting the ENTER key. The
TITLe option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-12. The title is
entered in the area specified by the data field.
TIME Option
The TIME option allows the user to specify a simulation time period other
than the default time period of 0800 to 1800 LOT. The TIME option can be
accessed by hitting the I key or by using the up or down arrow keys to
position to the TIME option and hitting the ENTER key. The TIME option screen
will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-13. The TIME option contains two data
fields: the starting and ending times of the simulation. Both starting and
ending times must be entered when this option is invoked. The values should
be in military hours (e.g., 1300 LOT is 1 pm in the afternoon local daylight-
time).
SPECies Option
The user can generate an isopleth diagram for up to five species found in
the chemical kinetic mechanism through the use of the SPECies option. The
SPECies option can. be accessed by hitting the J key or by using the up or down
arrow keys to position to the SPECies-option and hitting the ENTER key. The
SPECies option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-14. The SPECies
option contains 5 data fields for the five species of interest. Enter the
name of the species of interest in each data field. The program will check
the spelling of the names entered. If the name does not correspond to a
species found in the chemical mechanism, the program will.alert the user and
provide a list of species names. If the user cannot recall the exact name of
any species, then hitting the ENTER key displays-a.1ist of species names. The
cursor will be located on the list of names. With the arrow keys move the
cursor"to the species of interest and hit the ENTER key. The species name •
will automatically be entered into the data field.
ACC'Jracy Option
The ACCUracy option can be accessed by hitting the K key or by using the
up or down arrow keys to position to the ACCUracy option and hitting the ENTER
key. The ACCUracy option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-15.
The ACCUracy option contains 4 input parameters (error tolerance for the
chemical integration scheme, two tension factors for the isolines on an
isopleth diagram, and a stop flag to perform simulations up to the ozone
peak). Any of the four input parameters may be left blank if desired. The
OZIPM-4 main program will interpret blank data fields in this option as
default values.
28
-------
TITLE A title for the current simulation. If not used, TITLE defaults
to "Standard Ozone Isopleth Conditions.'
Title:
n :Locate EnterrEnter Fl:help F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-12. Example screen- display of the TITLe option :menu.
29
-------
TIME Starting and ending times for this simulation,
Starting:
Ending:
Starting time for simulation based on a 24-hour clock, e.g., 0800
n rLocate EnterrEnter Fl:help F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-13. Example screen display of the TIME option menu.
30
-------
SPECIES
ni5S °l I:5 Sf.nfLfor 1s°Pleth Plots, or concentration profile
PlOtS if the CA riJATF nn-Hon -ic i,o«X n-s i~ j-u. -i.^^.-,,. E ..
ni -
SPECIES
°3 1S the default for th*
Species 1:
Species 2:
Species 3:
Species 4:
Species 5:
Enter species abbreviation, e.g., 03, or enterjblank field for list
* :Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help FlOrAccept ESCrReject ;F9:Clear
Figure 4-14.' Example screen' display of the SPECies opt
ion menu.
31
-------
ALREady Option
OZIPM-4 isopleth diagram calculations from a previous computer run can be
used to restart OZIPM-4 to complete the isopleth diagram calculation through
the use of the ALREady option. The ALREady option can be accessed by hitting
the L key or by using the up or down arrow keys to position to the ALREady
option and hitting the ENTER key. The ALREady option screen will be displayed
as shown in Figure 4-16. The only input parameter required in the ALREady
option is the number (positive value only) of simulations performed
previously.
PLOT Option
The PLOT option, is used to define the plot size of the isopleth diagram
and the size of the labels on the diagram. The PLOT option can be accessed by
hitting the M key or by using the up or down arrow keys to position to the
PLOT option and hitting the ENTER key. The PLOT option screen will be
displayed as shown in Figure 4-17. The PLOT option contains 5 input
parameters (label location, grid type, length of the abscissa, length of the
ordinate, size of the isoline labels, and size of the axis labels). The user
can enter values other than defaults for any of the five data fields. Blank
fields will be interpreted as default values-by OZIPM-4.
EKMA Option
The EKMA option is used to'calculate VOC control requirements in OZIPM-4.
The EKMA option can be accessed by hitting the N key or by using the up or
down arrow keys to position to the EKMA option and hitting the ENTER key. The
EKMA option screen will be displayed as shown in Figure 4-18. The EKMA option
contains 11 main input parameters (base-year ozone, the NMOC/NOX ratio, the
percent change in NO, emissions, a future year transport flag, an EKMA tabular
report flag, a flag to perform an EKMA calculation at a specific NMOC level,
0600-0900 measured-NMOC, 0600-0900 measured NOX, predicted base-year NMOC
location, predicted base-year NOX location, and the specific change in NMOC)
and 6 data fields (which are needed only when the transport flag is declared)
for the future-year precursor concentrations transported in the surface layer
and entrained from aloft.
The input parameters, base-year-'ozone, the NMOC/NO, ratio, the-percent
change in NOX emissions, the 0600-0900 measured NMOC and NOX concentrations)
must contain nonblank values in the EKMA option. All other-data fields may
contain a blank entry. : .
32
-------
ACCURACY . 1sopletn diag™ and stop si.uUtion
Tolerance:
Tension:
Tension:
Stop:
Enter error tolerance for integration routine (0.1-0.00001; DF=0.003
n'rLocate EnterrEnter Flrhelp F10:Accept ESCrReject F9:Clear
Figure 4-15. Example screen display of the ACCUracy opt
ion menu.
33
-------
ALREADY Include results from previous simulations. This front-end assumes
that the simulation results will be input from another file.
Number:
Number of previous simulations to be input
n :Locate Enter:Enter Flrhelp F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-16. Example screen display of the. ALREady option'menu.
34
-------
PLOT Activates the drawing of the isopleth diagram on an off-line
plotter.
Labels scale:
Grid:
Abscissa length:
Ordinate length:
Numbers size:
Labels size:-
i-
I
Scaling factor for location of labels on isopleth (0.1-0.8, DF=0,6)
n :Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help FlOrAccept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-17. Example screen display of the PLOT option menu.
35
-------
CALCulate Option
• Th? ^4"late °Ption is used to perform a simulation at a single point on
an isopleth diagram. The CALCulate option can be accessed by hitting the 0
*»A h*++y> USlug ™?™p, or down arrow keys to Position to the CALCulate option
and hitting the ENTER key. The CALCulate option screen will be displayed as
?n???JnMMn?Ur- t-9; M?6 CAJiCulate 0Ption contains 5 input parameters (the
initial NMOC, initial NO,, a flag to provide detailed output of the
simulation, the initial time to print instantaneous concentrations, and the
J £n print SUDSea.uent instantaneous concentrations). The initial NMOC
and NO concentrations are the only required input data. The rest of the
useUtheadefault vaTues00"*31'" blank (°r Zer°} entries if the user desi>es to
ISOPleth Option
_ The ISOPleth option is used to. generate isopleth diagrams. The ISOPle*h
option can oe accessed by hitting the P key or by using the up or down arrow •
keys to position to the SPECies option and hitting the ENTER key. The SPECies
option screen will be displayed .as shown in Figure 4-20. The ISOPleth option
Sv^,inSnfnnTLpanameterS {the maximum '0600-0900 NMOC concentration, the
maximum 0600-0900 NO, concentration, the number of isolines to plot, a flag to
K-! « ? ofpeak value and solar noon> the number of species to plot, and an
edit flag). Upon entering the number of isolines to p.lot, the screen will
display the appropriate number of data fields to enter the isolirie values
(Mgure 4-21) When more than one species to plot are specified (through -the
f£ ^L°ptl2n)' t{?e 9d1t fla9 is used to access the isoline data fields for
the different species. For in-stance, if the user wishes to enter isoline
values for the second species to plot, a value of 2 weuld be entered in the
edit flag data field and the data fields will appear in the middle of the
screen. To enter isoline values for another species, the user would enter the
appropriate value in the edit data field. Note that'the order of the sJJci s -
to plot must be in the same order as that set in the SPECies option.
BIOGenics Option
The BJOGENICS option is used to input post-0800 emissions of up to five
biogenic species. To access the BIOGenics, option, hit the Q key or by usinq
rmf*\™ T£ a^nr k^ys to P°sit1on to. the BIOGenics option and hit the
T? Dr£:y'. BIOGenics option screen will be displayed (see Figure 4-22)
The BIOGenics option contains three main inputs (the number of hours of
biogenic emissions, the number of biogenic species, and the initial mixing
f-1™ * Tn enterin9 the number °f hours of biogenic emissions, the data
fields for the emission values will be displayed (Figure 4-23). The middle
portion of the menu shows the input, parameters for each of the biogJnlc
SfnSL 5°?he Jh6 Sp6CieS t0 edit or view ^ entering a number representing
the order of the biogenic species (e.g., if terpenes is the first species,
36
-------
EKMA Perform a VOC emission requirement calculation.
•
Ozone: NHOC/NOX: Change: Transport:
Report: Flag:
Measured NMOC: Calculated NMOC: Changed MHOC:
Measured NOX: Calculated HOX:
Enter the following only if the Transport item is nonzero
Surface 03: Surface NMOC: Surface NOX:
Aloft 03: Aloft NHOC: Aloft HOX:
Enter base-case ozone concentration (ppm) j
TJ :Locate Enter:£nter F1:he'lp F10:Accept £SC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-18. Example screen display of the EKMA option menu.
37
-------
CALCULATE Perform a single simulation with the initial NMOC and NOX
—- concentrations specified.
NMOC:
NOX:
Print:
Start:
Step:
0600-0900 NMOC concentration (ppmC)
:Locate ' Enter:Enter M:help F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-19. Example screen display of the CALCuiate option menu.
38
-------
ISOPLETH Construct isopleth dfagrain(s) for ozone or other species. Default
isopleth concentrations for 03 are 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, I).20, 0.24,
0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.40 ppnt.
Max HMOC: Max NOX: Isopleths:
Print: Species: • Edit:
Max NMOC concentration on abscissa of isopleth diagram (DF=2,,0 ppmC)
Ti :Locate Enter:£nter F1:help F10:Accept ESC:Seject F9:Clear
Figure 4-20. Example screen display of the ISOPleth option menu.
39
-------
1SOPLETH Construct isopleth diagrams) for ozone or other species. Default
—— isopleth concentrations for 03 are 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.24,
0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.40 ppm.
Max HMOC: 2. Max NOX: .14 Isopleths: 5
Print: Species: Edit: 1
1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
Enter one (1) to print solar noon and max 1-hour concentration
Tl :tocate Enter:£nter F1:help F10:Accapt ESC:8eject F9:Clear
Figure 4-21. Example screen display of the ISOPleth option menu
with data fields' for the isoline values. •.
40
-------
then enter 1, etc). Enter the input values for the current biogenic species
by using the TAB or arrow keys to move around the menu. Blanks in any of the
fields will be interpreted as zeroes. Be sure to hit the ENTER key after
typing a value so that the program will accept the value. After entering all
values, hit the F10 key so that the program can accept the option.
A list of commonly occurring biogenic species along with their molecular
weights and bond fractions are listed in Table 4-1 as a quick reference.
WATEr Option
i
The WATEr option ts used to input hourly varying relative humidities in
percent. The relative humidities are used along with the ambient temperatures
to calculate the water vapor concentration. To access the WATEr option, hit
the R key or by using the up or down arrow keys to position to the WATEr
option and hit the ENTER key. The WATEr option screen will be displayed as
shown irr Figure 4-24, me-WATEr option contains. two main inputs (the number
of hours with varying water concentrations and the atmospheric pressure).
Upon entering the number of hours with varying water concentrations, the data
fields for the relative humidity values will be displayed (Figure 4-25). Use
the TAB or arrow keys to-move around the menu and enter the input values.
Remember to hit the ENTER key after each entry in order to retain the value.
Blanks in any fields will be interpreted as zeroes. Be sure to hit the F10
key after entering all values so that the program can accept the option.
LOAD/SAVE OPTION
The Load/save option is used to load an OZIPM-4 input file for editing or'
'execution, save input files for future use, and to clear the OZIPM-4 memory to
start a fresh session. The display screen for the Load/save option is shown
in Figure 4-26. The four operations in the Load/save option are discussed in
the following subsections.
Load option " |
To access the Load option either type the L key or use the up or down
cursor key to position on the Load option and hit the ENTER key. Figure 4-27
shows an example of the screen display for the Load option. By default .=>]]
OZIPM-4 input files will have a filename extension of ".INP". It is
recommended that the user follow this convention to organize the various input
and output files used in the program. To load an existing input file, type
the name of the file (without the ".INP" extension) and hit the ENTER key. An
alternative method of loading an input file is to hit the ENTER key before
typing a name. This will produce a directory list of all files with names
41
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BIOGENICS Allow for post-0800 biogenic emissions. If the BIOG
option is not used, defaults are no post-0800 biogenic emissions,
and no transported surface and aloft concentrations of biogenics.
Hours: Species: Height:
Number of species to view/edit: 1 Name: Molwt:
CB4 flag: Present surface: Aloft:
Future change: Future surface: Aloft:
Species Profile (fill in only if CB4 flag equals 1)
ETH: OLE: ALD2: FORM:
TOL: XYL: . PAR: NR:
Hourly emissions--
Enter the number of emission hours
n :Locate Enter:Enter Flrhelp F10:Accept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-22. Example screen display of the BIOGenics option menu.
42
-------
BIOGENICS Allow for post-0800 biogenlc emissions. If the 8106
option is not used, defaults are no post-0800 biogenic emissions,
and no transported surface and aloft concentrations of biogenics.
Hours: 11 Species: Height:
Number of species to view/edit: 1 -Name: Molwt:
CB4 flag: Present surface: Aloft:
Future change: Future surface: Aloft:
Species Profile (fill in only if CB4 flag equals 1)
ETH: OLE: ALD2: FORM:
TOL: XYL: PAR: MR:
Hourly emissions--
1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
7: 8: 9: ' 10: . 11:
Enter the number of biogenic species (DF=0)
n .-Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help FlOrAccapt ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-23. Example screen display of the BIOGenics option menu with
hourly emission fields. ',
43
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Table 4-1
MOLECULAR WEIGHTS AND SPECIES BOND FRACTIONS
OF SOME COMMON BIOGENIC SPECIES
Species
Molecular
Weight.
ETH
OLE ALD2
FORM
TOL
XYL
PAR
NR
A-Pinene
B-Pinene
3-Carene
d-Umonene
Isoprene
Terpenes
136.24
136.24
136.23
136.24
68.13
136.24
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
6.0
8.0
6.0
4-. 0
1.0
8.0
44
-------
ending with MNP" (Figure 4-28). With the arrow keys/position to the
desired input file and hit the ENTER key to load the selected input file.
Save option
To access the Save option either type the S key or use the up or d'own
arrow keys to position on the Save option and hit the ENTEiR key. Figure 4-29
shows an example of the screen display for the Save option. The display
screen for the Save option is similar to the Load option discussed above If
the user wishes to overwrite the original file, then just hit the ENTER'key
To save an input f.ile with a different filename,'type the name of'file to
write and hit the ENTER key. An alternative method of saving an input file is
to hit the ENTER key before typing a name. This will produce a directory list
of all files with names ending with MNP" (Figure 4-30). With the arrow
keys, position to the desired input file and hit the ENTER key to save into
the selected input file.
I
View option
The View option can be used to 'view an existing file (either an input or
-an .output file). To access the View option either type the V key or use the
up or down arrow keys to position on the View option and' hit the ENTER key
hnter the name-of the desired file to view. If the ENTER key is hit before
typing a filename, a directory list will be produced showing the names of the
files in the current directory. With the arrow keys, position to the desired
file and hit the ENTER key to select the file. The first 24 lines of the file
will be displayed on screen. The Page-up and Page-down keys can be used to
move-backwards and forwards through the file. The up and down arrow keys will
move through the file line by line. The F3 key can be used to search for
specific text strings. To search for a string, hit the F3 key followed for
the search string. Hitting the F3 key again will begin the search After
viewing the file, hit the F10 key. to return to the primary menu,
Clear option ! . .
The program has the capability to edit multiple sets of input files
during a single interactive session through the Load and Save options. After
saving:an' edited input file, the user can clear the memory space to start a
new edit session with the Clear option. After clearing the memory space the
user can create a new input file or load an existing input file. To access
the Clear option either type the C key or use the up or down arrow keys to
position on the Clear option and hit the ENTER key. The memory space will
automatically clear. If any edit changes were performed in the current
session and the changes have not been saved, the program.will prompt the user
to verify clearing the memory space.
45.
-------
WATER Allows for varying water concentrations during the simulation. If
this option is not used, the concentrations default to 20,000 ppm
Hours:
Pressure:
Enter the number of hours of varying relative humidity (1-24)
ti rLocate Enter:Enter Fl:he1p F10:Accept ESCrReject F9:Clear
Figure 4-24. Example screen display of the WATEr option menu.
46
-------
WATER Allows for varying water concentrations during the simulation. If
this option is not used, the concentrations default to 20,000 ppm
Hours: 10
Pressure:
0:
6:
1:
. 7:
2:
8:
3:
- 9:
4:
10:
Entar'the percent, relative^.humidity for this hour
n :Locate Enter:Enter Fl:help FlOtAccept ESC:Reject F9:Clear
Figure 4-25. Example, screen display of the WATEr option menu with hourlv
relative humidity fields.
47
-------
RUN OPTION
The RUN option has been disabled. ALL OZIPM-4 runs should be submitted
using the batch procedure outlined in Chapter 5.
Typical CPU execution times varies among different PCs. For reference
purposes, to execute a single calculation on an IBM PC/XT running at 8 MHz with
a 8 MHZ math coprocessor takes about 110 sees. The same computer without a math
coprocessor requires over 500 sees. A single calculation on an IBM AT computer
running at 6 MHz with a math coprocessor requires about 90 sees. A single
calculation on an IBM 386 AT running at 16 MHz with a 16 MHz math coprocessor
takes about 26 sees. Typical EKMA calculations requires about 8 to 10 single
calculations. Therefore, to perform an EKMA calculation on an IBM PC/XT with
a math coprocessor would take about 15 to 20 mins. It takes about 4 to 5 hours
to generate an isopleth diagram (which requires 121 single calculations) on an
IBM PC/XT running on 8 MHz with a math coprocessor.
PLOT OPTION
WARNING
The OZIPM-4 code does not contain a graphics package needed to write plotter
output to a metafile. The user must supply a graphics package and compile/link
it with OZIPM-4, in order to produce metafiles that can be plotted.
The Plot option allows the user to view isopleth diagrams generated from
an OZIPM-4 run either on the display screen (if a graphics card is installed)
or on an Hewlett-Packard (HP) pen plotter. A metafile generated from the
OZIPM-4 program must be available to use the PLOT option. If a metafile has
been deleted, it can be recreated using -the ALREady input option available in
the program assuming the results file has not been deleted. Load the input file
and add the ALREady option to the input file using the Edit primary option.
Don't forget to check the input and output filenames before executing the OZIPM-
4 main program, especially the name of the file containing the previous results.'
After executing the main program, choose the Plot option by using the left or
right arrow keys or hitting the- ESC-key and the P key. The Plot menu will be
displayed as shown in Figure-4-31.
Display option
To display the isopleth diagrams on the monitor screen, a graphics card
must be installed. If one is installed, then hit the D key or use the up or
down arrow keys to position on the Display option and hit the ENTER key. The
program will ask for the name of the metafile to be plotted. Enter the name of
the, metafile leaving off the default extension .".MTA" if it is used. Upon
hitting the ENTER key to accept the selected filename, the OZIPM-4 system will
execute the plotting program "OZPLOT". Each isopleth diagram will be displayed
on the monitor screen. After viewing the isopleth diagram, hit the ENTER key
to view another diagram if more than one is generated or to return control to
the program.
48
-------
Edit Load/save Run Plot Directory Quit
Load
Save
View
Clear
i
Prompt-
Load an OZIPM input file for editing and/or executing
ti. :Locate • Enter (or first letter): Activate Fl: Help ESC: Cancel
Figure 4-26. Example screen display of the Load/save option
menu.
49
-------
Option to load an OZIPM input file for current editing
The current directory is C:\OZIPM4
File name (.INP):
Figure 4-27. Example screen display of the Load option menu,
50
-------
Option to load an OZIPM input file for current editing
The current directory is C:\OZIPM4
File name (.INP):
ATEST.INP ; BTEST.INP CB4TEST.INP
DEFAULT.INP EXAMPLE1.INP OZIPM4.INP
TEST1.INP TEST2.INP
ReturnrAccept name. Cursor keysrSelect name S-F10:Resize window ESC: Abort
Figure 4-28. Example screen display of the Loac
list of the input files.
option menu, with a directory
51
-------
Save an edited OZIPM input file for future editing
The working directory is C:\OZIPM4
File name (.INP):
Figure 4-29. Example screen display of the Save option menu
•52
-------
Save an edited OZIPM input file for future editing
The working directory is C:\OZIPM4
File name (.INP):
ATEST.INP BTEST.INP. CB4TEST.INP
DEFAULT.INP EXAMPLE1.INP" OZIPM4.INP
TEST1.INP TEST2.INP
Return:Accept name Cursor keys:Select name S-F10:Resize window ESC: Abort
Figure 4-30. Example screen display of the Save option menu with a directory
1 ist of the input files.
53
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Plotter option
The Plotter option allows the user to plot isopleth diagrams on hard copy
pen plotters. Pen plotters currently supported are the Hewlett-Packard 2-pen
(model 7470A), 6-pen (model 7475A), and 8-pen (model 7550A) plotters. Before
one can generate a hard copy plot, the system must be configured such that the
plotter is attached to the printer port (usually LPT1). Hewlett-Packard pen
plotters are generally configured to operate from the serial (or COM) port,
So, the COM port must be redirected to LPT1. This can be accomplished using
the DOS "MODE" command. To redirect output to LPT1 from a COM. port, the
following DOS commands must be entered: :
MODE LPT1:=COH@: where @ is 1,2,3, or 4, and
MODE COM@:baudrate,parity,databits,stopbits,P •
where baudrate, parity, databits, and.stopbits, are set for the specific..computer
system. To facilitate entering the above commands, a batch file (called
PCONFI6.BAT) is provided to automatically redirect the COM port. The settings
used in the batch file must be changed for the specific system configuration.
Lines 36 and 37 of the batch can be modified using any text editor such as
"EDLIN".' To execute the batch file, type "PCONFIG". After the hard copy plots
are generated, reset the redirection by typing:
MODE LPT1:
To generate a hard copy plot, type the P key or use the up or down arrow
key to position to the Plotter option and hit the ENTER key. The user will be
warned to verify that the plotter has been appropriately configured before
continuing. Type "Y" to continue or "N" to return to the primary option and
leave the program to configure the plotter. Once the plotter has been
configured, return to the program and answer "Y" to the warning message. A list
of the pen plotters will be displayed on the screen. Choose the appropriate
plotter using the UD or down arrow keys and hit the ENTER key to accept the
selection. Make sure the paper is properly "loaded before hitting the ENTER key..
The OZPLOT plotting program will be executed and the isopleth diagrajm will be
generated on the pen plotter. After each isopleth diagram has been plctted, hit
the ENTER key to either return control to the program or to begin plqtting the
next isopleth diagram.
onto a
5 is then
If the plot is saved in a diskfile, then the file can be copied
floppy diskette along with the PCONFIG.BAT file. The-floppy
-------
Edit Load/save Run Plot Directory Quit
Display
Plotter
Plot the isopleths on the PC display
-Prompt-
ti :Locate Enter (or first letter): Activate Fl:; Help ESC: Cancel
Figure 4-31. Example screen display of the Plot option menu.
55-
-------
DIRECTORY OPTION
The Directory primary option sets the current directory as the working
directory for the current session. This option can also be used to save the
current directory as the default working directory so that future OZIPM-4 session
will automatically set the current directory as the working directory. To access
the Directory primary option, hit the ESC key followed by the D key or using the
left or right arrow keys, position to the Directory option and hitting the
ENTER key. The menu as shown in. Figure 4-32 will be displayed.
To set the current directory as-the working directory, choose the Working
option by hitting the W key or by using the up or down arrow key to position on
the Working option and hitting the ENTER key. The program will prompt for the
name of the working directory. Enter the full pathname of the current directory
including the drive specification (e.g. C:\MYDIR). This option allows the'user
to move to different subdirectories. The working directory is only retained
during the current session.
To retain the current directory as the default working directory upon
startup of the program, choose the Save option by hitting the S key or by using
the up or down arrow keys to position to the Save option and hitting the ENTER
key. The user will be prompted for the pathname of the current directory to be
saved. Enter the full pathname including the drive specification. The pathname
will be saved in a file called "WHIZ.SYS" created in the current directory. This
option allows the - user to create a "WHIZ.'SYS" file in every subdirectory
containing input and output files. Future startup of the program-in any working
directory will automatically set that directory as the default directory.
QUIT OPTION
The Quit primary option is used to exit the OZIPM-4 "system. To exit the
program, hit the ESC key followed by the Q key or use the left or right arrow
key_to position to the Quit option. If there were no edit modifications
performed during the current session, the system will return ' to the DOS
environment. If edit modifications were made to the input file and the input
file has not been saved, the program will prompt the user for verification that
edit changes will not be saved. If the user answers "Y" a second prompt will
be displayed to reconfirm the exit. If the user answers N, OZIPM-4 will return
to the primary option menu so that the user can save the edited input file.
56
-------
Edit Load/save Run Plot Directory
Working
Save
Quit
Prompt-
Establish the. directory for OZIPM4- input/output, files;
n :Locate Enter (or first letter): Activate Fl: Help ESC: Cancel
Figure 4-32. Example screen display of the Directory option
menu,
57
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5. RUNNING OZIPM-4 AND OZPLOT IN "STAND-ALONE" MODE
The previous chapters discussed how to prepare input files in" the
interactive mode. To run OZIPM-4 simulations, the user must use the procedures
outlined here. The RUN option in the interactive program has been disabled.
This chapter describes how to run the OZIPM-4 main program and the OZPLOT
plotting program without accessing the interactive system.
RUNNING OZIPM-4
The OZIPM-4 executable file "OZPC.EXE" can be executed independently by
typing (in the current working directory):
OZPC iofilesl [BATCH]
The OZIPM-4 main program will be invoked' with a file containing the names of
the input and output files needed to execute the program. In the above-command
line, the file iofilesl contains the names of the input and output files. Note
that iofilesl is only a generic name. The structure of the iofilesl is as
follows:
line 1:. pathname or filename of the input file
line 2: pathname or filename of the output file
line 3: pathname or filename of the file containing previous results
file (needed only if the ALREady option is used).
line 4: pathname or filename of the file containing the current
isopleth results (needed only if the ISOPTeth option is
used).
line 5: pathname or filename of the plot metafile (needed only if
the ISOPleth option is used).
line 6: pathname or filename of the file containing the EKMA tabular
report (needed only if the report flag of the EKMA option
is set).
The first two lines must be entered, the rest are used only if the stated OZIPM-
4 options are invoked. The beginning of each statement must contain a one letter
identifier followed by a "=". The one letter identifiers are defined as follows:
I - for the Input file
0 - for the Output file
58
-------
P - for the Previous results file
i
R - for the file containing new Results
M - for the file containing the plots of the isopleth diagrams.
E - for the EKMA report file
The iofilesl file can be created using a standard text editor such as "EDLIN"
An example of the iofilesl would be as follows:
i-D:\OZIPM4.INP\TEST1.INP
o=D:\OZIPM4.OUT\TEST1.OUT
p=C:\OZIPM4.RES\TEST1.AL1
r=C:\OZIPM4\TEST1.ALR
E=C:\OZIPM4\TEST1.EKM
m=C:\OZIPM4\TEST1.MTA
•
The above example shows the use of the one letter identifier followed by
the pathname of the file. Note in this example'that the input file is stored
in a different directory than the output file and the results file. The use of
an iofilesl allows the user to enter a very long pathname if needed.
i
The second parameter on the OZIPM-4 command line-is! an optional parameter
which will switch off user prompts to end the OZIPM-4 program. One can set up
a batch file to execute multiple OZIPM-4 runs without user intervention By
using a standard text editor such as "EDLIN", one can create a batch file RUN BAT
with the following lines: • :
i
I
OZPC iofilesl BATCH \
OZPC iofiles2 BATCH
OZPC iofilesS BATCH
OZPC iofiles4 BATCH
OZPC iofilesB BATCH
The batch file will execute the OZIPM-4 program five times each time with a
different set of input and output .files. To execute the batch file, type the
batch file name. Such batch files can be setup and executed overnight to provide
maximum us-e of the computer.
RUNNING OZPLOT PLOTTING PROGRAM
The OZPLOT plotting program, OZPLOT.EXE, provided on the distribution disks-
can be executed independent of the interactive system by typing:
OZPLOT iofilesl [plotter device]
NOTE: Make sure that the plotter has been properly configured with "PCONFIG.BAT"
before executing the plotting program.
59
-------
The command line is similar to the OZIPM-4 command line discussed above except
that the name (or pathname) of the metafile is entered. The second optional
argument tells the OZPLOT program the model of the Hewlett-Packard pen plotter
to be used:
HP2 - Hewlett-Packard 2-pen (HP-7470A)
HP6 - Hewlett-Packard 6-pen (HP-7475A)
HP8 - Hewlett-Packard 8-pen (HP-7550A)
If a pen plotter is'not available on the computer system, the files
"OZPLOT.EXE", "PCONFIG.BAT", and the metafiles to be plotted, can be copied to
a floppy diskette and taken to a computer system with a pen plotter.
60
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REFERENCES
EPA (1989), "User's Manual for OZIPM-4 (Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional
Mechanisms/Version 4}", EPA-450/4-89-009a, Volume 1, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Hogo, H., and M. W. Gery (1988), "User's Guide for Executing OZIPM-4 with
CBM-IV or Optional Mechanisms", Volume 1, SYSAPP-88/001, Systems
Applications, Inc., San Rafael, California.
61
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APPENDIX A
INPUT FORMAT FOR OZIPM-4- OPTIONS
A-l
-------
INPUT FORMAT FOR OZIPM-4 OPTIONS
Option Line No. Column Contents
iCCURACY Increase or reduce the mathematical accuracy of the isopleth
diagram by using more or less accurate interpolation, etc.
1 1-4 ACCU
11-30 Not read
31-40 Error tolerance in- the numerical
integration routine, from 0.1 to 0.00001;
(DF = 0.003)
41-50 Tension factor for hyperbolic spline
functions used in first stage of
interpolation from 0.001 to 50.; (DF = 1)
51-60 'Tension factor for.hyperbolic spline
functions used in plotting isopleth lines
(high tensions lead to straight lines
drawn between the po.ints obtained from the
first stage), from 0.001 to 50.; (DF = 1)
61-70 If any nonzero value Is entered in this
field, simulations will terminate after
any ozone maximum; no entry produces
results over the tota-1 simulation period
A-2
-------
Option Line No. Column Contents
ALREADY* Include results from a previous run.
»
1 1-4 ALRE
11-20 Number of previous simulations to be input
If the number is positive, then read the
following lines. If the number is
negative, then read.previous simulation
results from an external file
2 1-10 NMOC concentration
11-20 NOV concentration
A
21-30 Maximum 1-hour average ozone
concentration, ppm
31-40 Maximum 1-hour average
, 41-50 , concentrations (ppm) of-any
51-60- other spec'ies for which
61-70 isopleths are to be constructed. These
values are optional depending on the
number of species declared on the -SPECIES
line. (Must be in the same order as listed
on the SPECIES line.)
*Can only be used with the ISOPLETH options.
A-3
-------
Option Line No. Column Contents
BI06ENICS Allow for post-0800 biogenic emissions. If the BIOG option is not
used, defaults are no post-0800 biogenic emissions, and no
transported surface concentrations and aloft concentrations of
biogenics.
1 1-4 BIOG
11-20 Number of emission hours. Must be equal to
number of hours set in EMIS or MASS
options. (Expressed as a negative number)
2.1-30- Enter the number of biogenic species
(DF-0, max=5)!
31-40 Initial mixing height. Used to convert
mass units in kg/knr to ppm. Units must
be in meters. •
The. next set of lines are repeated for each bicigenic species. '
2+• .1-4. Species -name. (Note: If Isoprene is used ,
then the default name-should be ISOP).
11-20 Flag to treat biogenic species as a
specific molecular species or as Carbon
Bond IV species (Enter a nonzero value in
order to treat the biogenic species as CB-
IV- species). Note: Isoprene is the only
biogenic species currently treated
specifically in the CB-IV mechanism.
21-30 Present-day concentration transported 'in
the surface layer (DF==0)
31-40 Present-day concentration transported
aloft (DF = 0.0)
.*
41-50 Percent change in biogenic emissions for
the future year
Not used with CALC and ISOP options.
A-4
-------
Option Line No.
Column
Contents
4+
(optional)
51-60** Future-year concentration transported in
the surface layer (DF=0)
61-70** Future-year concentration transported
aloft (DF = 0.0)
71-80 Not read
1-10 Species molecular weight (Units of
gm/moles)
1-10 If a nonzero value is entered on
11-20- columns of line 2, the species profiles by
bond group of the biogenic species is
entered here.
11-20 The species profiles should be in the
following order: ETH, OLE, ALD2, FORM,
, TOL/XYL, PAR, and NR.
5-f-
61-70 Continue on next line (if necessary).
71-80 . Not read
1-10 .Present-day hourly biogenic emissions
(kg/km2)
11-20 (continue on next line if necessary)
61-70
**Not used with CALC and ISOP option
A-5
-------
Option
Line No.
Column
Contents
CALCULATE Perform a single simulation with the initial NMOC and NO
concentrations specified on this line.
1
1-4 CALC
11-20 NMOC concentration
21-30 NOX concentration
31-40 Information option; entry of any
positive value will result in
printing of the-computed •
concentrations of all species, the
rate of change of all species,
reaction rates, etc. Photolysis
constants are also printed
41-50 Time (in minutes) from the beginning
• of the simulation at which computed
concentrations of all species in the
kinetic mechanism are to be printed;
(DP = 60)
51-60 Time step (in minutes) for subsequent
printing of concentrations; (DF = 60)
A-6
-------
Option Line No. Column Contents
CREDIT Allow for post-8 a.m. CO emissions in EKMA calculations.
Defaults are no post-8 a.m. CO emissions, 1.2 ppm CO for the
6-9 a.m. measurement and 0.5 ppm CO aloft;
1 1-4 CRED
11-20 Enter a negative number to defeat use
of this option in multiple runs.".
21-30 Number of emission hours entered as a
negative number. Must be equal to
the number of hours set in MASS
option.
31-40 Initial mixing height.
2 1-10 .Species names. CO is the only
name allowed.
. - 11-20 6-9 a.m. present day CO concentration
21-30 . Not read
31-40 Present day CO transported aloft (DF
= 0.5)
41-50 Percent change in CO emissions and 6-
9 a.m. concentration for the future
year
51-60 Not read •
61-70 Future year CO transported aloft
3 1-10 Present hourly emissions of CO
' 11-20.:. in kg/km2
A-7
-------
Option Line No. Column Contents
DILUTION Read site-specific information on initial and final mixing
heights. Dilution is calculated using the characteristic
curve.
1 " 1-4 DILU
11-20 Initial mixing height, Zl, meters
(DF = 510 m)
21-30 Final mixing height, 12, in same
units' as: initial mixing: height (DF- ~
630 m)
31-40 Starting time of mixing height change
(2400 hour) (DF - 0800)
i
41-50 Ending time of mixing height change
(2400 hour) (DF -j 1500)
. • 51-60 Dilution rate in percent per hour
before and after the mixing height
. change (DF = 0) i
61-80 Not read
A-8
-------
Option Line No. Column Contents
EKMA Used to perform a VOC emission requirement calculation.
1 1-4 EKMA
11-20 Base-case ozone concentration, ppm
21-30 NMOC/NOX ratio (If the value is
negative, the base-year NMOC and NOX
levels have been determined in a
previous simulation and are entered
on line 3. Future-year calculations
are performed bas.ed on the base-year
NMOC and NOX levels.)
31-40 Percentage change in NOX emissions;
positive number for increase,
negative number for decrease (DF = 0)
41-50 Change in transport option indicator;
if nonzero, input line 2 is required
• ' . (DF - 0)
• 51-60 ' Option to generate report of change
in ozone as a function of change in
VOC emissions; if 1., generate
tabular report; if 2., generate
tabular report and write results on
fil'e. (DF = 0., i.e., no report or
file generated)
61-70 Flag to do a calculation at a
specified NMOC level. The NMOC level
is expressed as a percent change from
the base year level. The value is
placed on line 2, Columns 61-70. Any
nonzero value may be used as the
flag.
A-9
-------
Option Line No. Column . Contents
£KMA The next line is included only if a nonzero entry is specified on
transport Opt1on (41-5°) and/or, the flag option
2 i'10 Concentration of ozone transported
(optional) in surface layer for post-control
conditions, ppm; (DF - base-case
level). A negative value activates
the use of the future ozone transport
estimate curves shown in Figure 3.
(A value less than -100 activates the
use. of the dashed line shown in.
Figure 3,)
11-20 Concentration of ozone transported
aloft for post-control conditions,
ppm; (DF = base-case level). A
negative value activates the use of
the future ozone transport estimate
curves shown in Figure 3. (A value
less than -100 activates the use of
the dashed 1 ine shown -in: Figure 3.)
21-30 Concentration of NMOC transported in
° ' the surface layer for postcontrel
conditions, ppmC; (DF = base-case
level).
31-40 Concentration of NMOC transported
aloft for post-control conditions,
ppmC; (DF = base-case level).
41-50 Concentration of NOX transported in
surface layer for post-control
conditions, ppm; (DF = base-case
level)
51-60 Concentration of NO transported
aloft for post-control conditions,
ppm; (DF = base-case level)
A-10
-------
Option Line No. Column Contents
The following line must be included.
EKMA 3 1-10 Measured 6-9 a.m. NMOC (value used in
emission density calculations) (DF =
0)-
11-20 Measured 6-9 a.m. NOX (value used in
emission density calculations) (DF =
0)
21-30 Calculated" NMOC that yields- base case
03. Declared if a negative NMOC/NOX
ratio is entered on -line 1(DF = 0)
31-40 Calculated NOX that yields base case
03. Declared if a negative NMOC/NOX
ratio is entered on line 1 (DF = 0)
41-50 Change in NMOC level (percent) for
specific calculation after the base-
. year ozone is estimated. (Used only
if column 61-70 of line 1 is
nonzero.)
A-ll
-------
Option
Line No. Column
Contents
ISOPLETH
Construct isopleth diagrams for 03 and other species according
to the input parameters. Default isopleths for 0-, are 0.08,
0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.24, 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0736, and 0.40
ppm.
1
(optional)
1-4 ISOP
11-20 Maximum NMOC concentration on abscissa of
isopleth diagram; (DF = 2.0 ppmC)
21-30 Maximum NQX concentration on ordinate; of
isopleth diagram; (DF = 0.28 ppm)
31-40 Number of ozone isopleths to be drawn,
from 1. to 20.; (DF =-11)'
41-50 Any nonzero value will activate the
printing of solar noon and the time of the
center of the maximum 1-hour average ozone
concentration for each simulation
51-60 Not read
I
61-70 Number-of-species to plot. This number
corresponds to the number of species
entered on the PLOT option.
I-1G Ozone .concentration of 1st
isopleth, ppm
11-20 Ozone concentration of 2nd isopleth, ppm
21-30 Ozone concentration of 3rd isopleth, ppm
31-40 Ozone concentration of 4th isopleth, ppm
i
41-50 Ozone concentration of 5th isopleth, ppm
51-60 Ozone concentration of 6th isopleth, ppm
61-70 Ozone concentration of 7th isopleth, ppm
A-12
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Option Line No. Column
Contents
3 1-10 Ozone concentration of 8th
(optional) . isopleth, ppm
(optional)
61-70 Ozone concentration of 14th isopleth, ppm
1-10 Ozone concentration of 15th
isopleth, ppm
51-60 Ozone concentration of 20th isopleth, ppm
A-13
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Option Line No. Column Contents
MASSEMISS Used to supply mass emission densities through which-post-0800
emission fractions are computed.
i
1 1-4 MASS
11-20 Number of hours of emissions (max =
24.)(expressed as a negative number)
21-30 Initial NMOC concentration (used to
compute NMOC emission fractions, ppmC)
i
31-40 Initial NOX concentration (used to compute
NOX emission fractions, ppm)
41-50 Mixing height at start of simulation, in
meters .
The next line is repeated if more than 7 hours of. emissions are
specified. The number of entries must equal the number of
hours specified on line 1.
2 1-10 VOC emission density for hour 1,
kg/kmz .
11-20 VOC emission density for hour 2,
kg/kmz
* > '
61-70 VOC emission density for hour 7, kg/km2
The next line is repeated if more than 7 hours of emissions are
specified. The number of entries must equal the number of
hours specified on line 1.
3 1-10 NOY emission density for hour 1,
kg/kmz
11-20 NOX emission density for hour 2,
kg/knr ;
i
• i
#
61-70 NOX emission density for hour 7, kg/km2
A-14 i
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Option Line No. Column Contents
PLACE Input city-specific information on light intensity. Default
values correspond to Los Angeles on June 21, 1986.
*
1 1-4 PLAC
11-20 " Latitude, in decimal degrees north of the
equator (DF = 34.058)
21-30 Longitude, in decimal degrees west of
Greenwich meridian (DF = 118.250)
31-40 The time zone, in hours from Greenwich
mean time (DF = 7.0)
41-50 The year (DF = 1986)
51-60 The month of year (DF = 6)
61-70 The numerical day of month (DF = 2-1)
2 1-24 The name of the place can be
(optional) entered anywhere in columns 1-24. Include
this line only if a-new value is entered
for the latitude or longitude on the
previous 1ine. .
A-15
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Option Line No. Column Contents
PLOT. Activates the drawing of the isopleth diagram on an off-line
plotter.
1 1-4 PLOT
11-20 . Scaling factor for the location of labels
for each ozone isopleth. The value should
be between 0.1 and 0,8.; (DF = 0.6)
21-30 If nonzero, a grid is overlaid onto the
diagram. ' If-the value is positive and,
nonzero, a grid is-overlaid on the diagram
using a different color pen (if available)
. If the value is negative, a grid with line
of different patterns (e.g., dot-dash) is
overlaid on the plot. The absolute value
of this number corresponds to different
patterns and textures
31-40 Length (in inches) of the abscissa (NMOC
scale) of the isopleth diagram; (DF = 8.5)
41-50 Length (in Inches) of the ordinate (NOY
scale) of the isopleth diagram; (DF =
5.95) . .
51-60 . Size (in inches) of the numbers to be
printed on the axes and of the characters
in the title; (DF = 0.10)
61-70 The size (in inches) of the labels on the
ozone isopleths and the division marks on
the axis;, (DF = 0.07)r
A-16
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Option
Line No. Column
Contents
REACTIVITY*
Contains site-specific information on organic reactivity and
N02/NOX ratio for the initial 6-9 AM mix and the VOC and NOX
emissions.
1
1-4
5-10
11-20
21-30
1-10
61-70
71-80
REACT
Not read
The number of primary organic species in
the chemical mechanism (DF=9)
The N02/NOX fraction
The reactivity for each of the
organic species (up to 7 on a
line) represented as the
fractions of total NMOC.
Continue on next line (if
necessary)
Not read
*If the REACTIVITY option is not used, the default fractions are those shown
in Table 5, Section 4.
A-17
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Option Line No. Column Contents
SPECIES This option allows the user to plot -isopleths for any species
found in the kinetic mechanism or to plot concentration-time
profiles for species besides 0, if the CALCULATE option is
used.
•
*
1 1-4 SPEC |
!
11-20 Number of species to be plotted (OF = 1)
Max = 5
21-80 Not read
1-4 The alphanumeric symbol of the
11-14 species of interest; left-
21-24 justified {DF = 03 [ozone])
• 41-44 • I
45-80 Not read
A-18
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Option
Line No. Column
Contents
TEMPERATURE
A varying diurnal temperature profile may be used during the
simulation with this option. Temperature values should be in
units of degrees K. Values are read for the initial time and
at the end of each hour. If there are n hours, there should be
n+1 temperature values.
1
2+
(optional)
1-4 TEMP (DF = 303 K)
11-20 Number of hours {n) of varying temperature
(MAX = 24)
21-30 , Temperature at time t = 0
31-40 Temperature at time t = 1 hr-
41-50 Temperature at time t = 2 hr
51-60 Temperature at time t = 3 hr
61-70 Temperature at time t = 4 hr
71-80 • Not read
If more than 4 hours of values, continue .
. on next 1 ine
1-10 Continuation of temperature values
61-70
71-80
Not read
A-19
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Option
TIME
Line No. Column
Contents
Reset starting and ending times for simulati
option.
1
3ns with this
1-4 TIME
5-10 Not read
i
11-20 Starting time for simulations based on 24-
hour clock (DF = 0800) ;
21-30 Ending time for simulations (DF = 1800).
Note: Maximum1 difference-is- 24 hours-
31-80 Not read
A-20
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Option
Line No. Column
Contents
TITLE
Input a new title. If this option is not activated, the
default title is "Standard Ozone Isopleth Conditions."!
1
1-4 TITL
1-72 The title can be placed anywhere
between columns 1-72
in 1ine
A-21
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Option Line No. Column Contents
i
TRANSPORT Option for site-specific information on 03, N02, NMOC
transported in the surface layer and in the air aloft that is
entrained as the mixing height rises. (If IRAN option is not
used, concentration of transported species is 0.)
1 1-4 IRAN ;
i
11-20 Transported ozone concentration in the
surface layer (ppm)
21-30 Ozone entrained from aloft (ppm)
31-40 If nonzero and positive:* Transported NMOC
in the surface layer (ppmC)
41-50 If nonzero and positive:* Total NMOC
entrained from aloft (ppmC)
I
51-60 Transported NOX in the surface .layer (ppm)
61-70 NOX entrained from aloft (ppm)
71-80 Not read
2 1-10 If a nonzero negative value
(optional.) is entered in columns 31-40 of the TRAN
line, the total NMOC transported in the
surface layer is entered here (ppmC).
11-20 The fraction .of the total NMOC
• for each of the organic species
transported in the surface layer
(should be in the following order:
- . ETH, OLE, ALD2, FORM, TOL, TYL, PAR, ISOP,
and NR.
61-70 Continue on next line (if necessary)
71-80 Not read !
*The default carbon fractions for NMOC transport in the surface layer and for
.NMOC aloft are given in Table 5, Section 4.
A-22
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Option
Line No. Column
Contents
TRANSPORT
(optional)
1-10
11-20
61-70
71-80
If a nonzero negative val.ue
is entered in columns 41-50 of the total
NMOC entrained from aloft is entered here
(ppmC)
The fraction of the total NMOC
entrained for each of the organic
species entrained from aloft.
Continue on,next line (if
necessary)
Not read
A-23
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Option
Line No. Column
Contents
WATER
Allows for varying water concentration profile. This option
must follow the JEMEerature option. Information is entered
regarding the number of hours with varying water concentra-
tions, the hourly relative humidity, and the atmospheric
pressure. The relative humidity values are read for the
initial time and at the end of each hour. If there are n
hours, there should be ti+1 relative humidity values. If the
MATE option is not used, the default water concentration is
20000 ppm.
1
3+
(optional)
1-4
•11-20
21-30
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40.
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
1-10
WATE (DF = 20000 ppm)
Number of hours of varying water
concentrations. (MAX = 24)
Enter the atmospheric pressure; units of
inches of Hg. (DF=29i<32 inches of Hg which
is equal to 1 atm)
Relative humidity (in percent)
at time t =,0
humidity at time t =
humidity at time
Relative
Relative
Relative humidity at time t
Relative
Relative
Relative
Not read
humidity at time
humidity at time
humidity at time
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
= 6 hr
Continuation of relative humidity
values
61-70
71-80
Not- read
A-24
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Option Line No. Column Contents
bbbb A blank line must follow all input lines to terminate the
program. •
1 1-4 Blanks
A-25
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA :
(flease read Instructions on the reverse before completing!
2.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
User's Manual for OZIPM-4 (PC Version)
IG ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
EPA-450/4-88-016
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U. S. Environmental Protection- Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
>. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA Contact: Keith Baugues
-Wh1Ch allows the user to estimate the volatile organic compound
01" a Cit^n °^ ^ achieve the nationa?
^document describes a PC-based system which assists the user in creating input
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
ozone
VOC control strategies
photochemical modeling
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDE
Ti-RMS c. COSATI Field/Group
19. SECURITY CLASS (
Unclassified '
>0. SECURITY CLASS (TM$ page)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
96
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220—1 (Rev. 4-77} PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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