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PUBLISHED BY THE CLEAN AIR; AcT"S5xB8Sfflfc
-------
The
Clean Air Act
Advisory Committee
Mr, Roger G. Ackerman
President and
CHet Operating Officer
Corning. Incorporated
Mr, Martin Andreas
Senior Vice President
Archer Daniels Midland
Corporation
Mr, A. James Barnes
Dean, School of Public
and Environmental Affairs
Indiana University
Mr, S. William Becker
Executive Director
State and Territorial Air
Pollution Program
Administrators and the
Association of Local Air
Pollution Control Officials
Mr, Peter A. A. Berle
President
Audubon Society
Mr. Franks. Blake
Vice President
and General Counsel
General Electric Industrial
and Power Systems
Dr. F. Peter Boer
Executive Vice President
W.R. Grace and Company
•. Robert H. Campbell
Dr. Richard F. Eizember
Executive Director of
Corporate Environmental Affairs
Eli Lilly and Company
Mr. Larry Feldcamp
Partner
Baker and Bolts
Houston, Texas
Ms. Stephanie A. Foote
Member
Denver City Council
Dr. Thomas J. Godar. M.D.
Past President
American Lung Association
Ms. Linda F. Golodner
President
National Consumers
League
Mr. George W. Haney
General Manager,
Nitrogen Fertilizer Operations
Farmland Industries, Inc.
Ms. Rebecca McDonald
Vice President,
Strategic Planning
Tenneco Gas Company
Ms. Helen O. Petrauskas
Vice President, Environmental
and Safety Engineering
Ford Motor Company
Mr. Walter Quanstrom
Vice President,
Sun Company. Inc.
Mr, Iwan Choronenko
Director
Environmental Protection
Commission of
Hillsbourogh County. FL
Mr. Lawrence R. Codey
President
Public Service Electric
and Gas Company
Mr, Ben Cooper
Senior Vice President
for Government Affairs
Printing Industries
of America
Mr. Charles A. Corry
Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer
USX Corporation
Dr. Donald A. Deieso
Ptetidentand
Chief Executive Officer
C^rtoanie?0ttre"
p nt
Mr, David Doniger
SenurAtlorney
Natural Resources
Defense Council
Senator VernonJ. Ehlers
President, Pro Tern
Michigan State Senate
Mr. Ben. G. Henneke Jr.
President
EnviroFuels, Inc.
Mr. Marc Himmelstein
Director
National Environmental
Strategies
Mr. Charles R. Imbrecht
Chairman
California Energy
Commission
teg;™!v|IDS?fe'ter
Industrial Union Department
AFL/C1O
Mr. Raymond Lewis
President
American Methanol Institute
Mr. Charles D. Malloch
Director,
Regulatory Management,
Environmental Policy Staff
Monsanto Company
M*; Man/ MflQtilln
Sheetmetal Occupational
Health Institute
Dr. Roger O. McClellan
President
Chemical Industry
Institute of Toxicology
Mr. Ernest Rosenberg
Director,
Legislative and Regulation
Occidental Petroleum
Mr. William G. Rosenberg
Assistant Administrator
for Air and Radiation
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
Mr. John Rowe
President and
Chief Executive Officer
New England Electric
Dr. Steven A. Sahn
Professor and Director,
Division of Pulmonary and
Critical Care Medicine
Medical University of
South Carolina
Mr. Henry B. Schacht
Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer
Cummins Engine Co., Inc.
Air Resources Board
State of California
Dr. Bruce Stram
Vice President for Corporate
Strategy and Planning
Enron Corporation
Mr. George Sugiyama
Partner
Pillsbury, Madison and Sutro
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Lee Thomas
Chief Executive Officer
Law Environmental Group
The Honorable
Tommy G. Thompson
Governor
State of Wisconsin
Dr. Susan F. Tierney
Secretary, Executive Office
of Environmental Affairs
State of Massachusetts
Mr. Robert J. Trunek
Senior Vice President,
Manufacturing, Engineering
and Technology
ARCO Products Company
Mr. Steve Wentworth
Board of Directors
National Corn Growers
Association
n tilt \m -ft ^
Director, Center for the
Study of American Business
Washington University. '
. M*s.' Alma Williams -
Director > • .
Arizoriaps for'
Clean Air Now ' *
Mr. Robert A. Wyman
Partner
Latham and Watkins
Los Angeles, California
Mr. Frank G. Zarb
flf^MfCttfWt'
O 'th D r. Uiticer
Upham and Company, Inc.
Mr. Leo C. Zeferetti
Legislative Director, ,
Building and Construction
Trades Department
American Federation
of Labor
.Mr. Thomas Zosel
Manage?, Pollution
Prevention Programs
3M Corporation
Note: The Introductory Guide was developed through consensus by the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee. The' overall content of the Guide is supported by
Ihe Cammiltee. Given diverse perspectives of individual committee members, all members do not necessarily agree with every statement contained herein.
THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1990
-------
THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1990
An Introductory Guide To Smart
Implementation
The new Clean Air Act may be the most progressive
and sensible environmental initiative ever enacted.
The new Clean Air Act
can produce tremendous public health benefits.
It can also be very expensive — but it doesn't have to be.
This Introductory Guide is a guide to working together — the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, industry, state and local govern-
ments, environmental and health groups, and community leaders — to
achieve the goals of the Clean Air Act in the most efficient way. It is
also a guide to opportunities: EPA is striving for a more flexible
approach to implementing these laws, through a multiple choice of
options to clean the air. If we "work smart," we can clean the air in a
cost-effective way.
The Introductory Guide is also a wake-up call. These new clean air
rules are by far more sweeping than any in history. And they are com-
ing our way at incredible speed. We need to prepare now so we can
deal with them effectively and economically.
This Guide is the product of The Clean Air Act Advisory Committee,
an advisory group established to assist EPA in implementing these new
laws. While EPA is busy developing thousands of pages of regulations,
the Advisory Committee is taking this opportunity to say just a few
words about the guiding principles behind these new regulations and
to suggest ways that you can apply these principles to best advantage.
As our membership roster shows, The Clean Air Act Advisory
Committee is a very diverse group. Our perspectives on environmental
issues vary widely and, to this day, we continue a lively debate on the
best methods of putting these new laws in place. But in this
Introductory Guide, and in more detailed documents that will follow in
the Spring, our mutual goal is simply to convey two messages:
4- It is urgently important that you participate in a
public process to implement these new clean air
regulations in your areas.
4- These new clean air regulations can be very
expensive, but many also provide flexible options
and pollution prevention incentives that can
greatly reduce their cost.
i, r
fr, -----
AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO SMART IMPLEMENTATION
-------
Background
ijM! 15 j
ten preff fable
II,"";1 j .i*)11;,,:1 . ".. ' . . a*
The Clean Air Act of 1990 was enacted to correct serious air
pollution problems in the United States. The Act directs the U.S. EPA to
develop strong and progressive environmental policies that will ensure
cleaner and healthier air for all Americans.
, EPA is striving to implement this law in a more open, innovative
and cost-effective way — building on proven approaches to control air
pollution, and expanding the opportunity for new approaches that
encourage local initiative, emphasize pollution prevention, and take
advantage of the power of the marketplace.
EPA's approach to rulemaking — a collaborative negotiating
process open to all parties — demonstrates a growing openness on
the part of the Agency and a recognition that negotiation is often
preferable to litigation. Flexible yet enforceable rules are emerging from
this consensus-building process.
The public support for protecting the environment, the constructive
attitude of many industry leaders, and an innovative approach to
regulatory policy combine to provide a solid foundation for successful
implementation. The timing is also right to transform public support into
public action, reminding individual Americans that they too cause air
pollution — and they can help to cure it.
Why Should I Care
About The Clean Air Act?
I Because its benefits are enormous.
EPA estimates the new Clean Air Act will remove 56 billion pounds
of pollution from the air each year. |n human terms, these measures will
significantly reduce lung disease, cancer, and other serious health
problems — not to mention billions of dollars in health costs — caused
by air pollution. Americans will live healthier and more productive lives
in a nation with cleaner air. We will also enjoy the benefits of a healthier
ecosystem — with cleaner, less acidic lakes and reduced damage to
crops and forests, and enhanced visibility.
Significant air quality improvements mandated *
; by me new Act include:
• Greatly reduced emissions of
toxic air pollution arid acid rain-
causing pollutants;
• Attainment of air quality standards
nationwide by the year 2010;
• Cleaner cars, fuels, factories,
and power plants;
Less damage to lakes,
streams, parks, and forests;
i Reduced emissions of
greenhouse gases; and
i Less damage to the
stratospheric ozone layer
THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1990
-------
: But the new Act can also be very expensive.
The President's Council of Economic Advisors has estimated that,
when fully implemented, Clean Air Act programs will cost $25 billion
annually. Many continue to disagree on the eventual price tag, but one
thing is certain: costs will be lowered and results will be greater if we
work together and "work smart."
Historically, states that fail to meet federal clean air requirements
risk the loss of federal funds for state projects and are subject to legal
and financial sanctions. These sanctions can be a useful deterrent, and
the new clean air rules have tough sanctions of their own. But sanctions
are not the preferred approach to cleaning the air, and they can drain
already scarce state resources. The best and cheapest way to clean
the air is to do it right in the first place.
A Call To Action:
PL:.
Now is the time to act.
States should already be at full stride. Programs that should be
underway now include:
4- State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and revisions to those
plans that determine how the air will be cleaned in your area,
allocating emissions reductions between industrial and mobile
sources of air pollution.
4- New and expanded motor vehicle Inspection and
Maintenance Programs.
4- Oxygenated Fuel Programs required by the Fall of 1992
in thirty-nine cities with carbon monoxide problems.
4- State Permit Programs for all major industrial sources.
To be effective, these programs and others should be extremely
well coordinated between state and federal governments. And as impor-
tant, clean air programs should be well coordinated among the states to
encourage consistency, reduce conflicts, and facilitate compliance.
Industry also must be well prepared. Large and small companies
need to become aware of the many new- clean air requirements and
deadlines for compliance. As importantly, industry needs to know about
the flexible options, pollution prevention incentives, programs that encour-
age technological innovation and market-based programs that clean the
air at a much lower cost. These programs include, among others:
4- An Early Reductions Program that offers companies incentives to
take early voluntary action to reduce emissions, and in so doing,
receive a six-year deferral on new clean air requirements.
i their own.
*'<•.• W
snctions
AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO SMART IMPLEMENTATION
-------
+ An Allowance Trading System that enables utilities to buy and
sell emission credits among themselves, provided that total
emissions reductions are achieved.
+ A Fuel Averaging Program that enables oil companies to meet
tight new reformulated fuel standards by averaging the oxygen
content in different grades of gasoline.
More Help On The Way
In the Summer, both the Advisory Committee and the EPA plan to
publish various documents detailing, guiding and suggesting creative
clean air initiatives. These include:
• A Citizens' Guide to The
Clean Air Act (EPA)
« A Guide for Small
Businesses (EPA)
• A Layman's Summary of
il The Clean Air Act (EPA)
L • A Time Line for State
Implementation (EPA)
'.' • A Guide to Public Finan-
cing Options (CAAAC)
A Video on Motor Vehicle Inspection
and Maintenance Programs (EPA)
A Primer on Consensus-Building
and Collaboration for Implement-
ing the Clean Air Act (CAAAC)
Updated Clean Air Act Implementa-
tion Strategy (EPA)
Updates on Innovative State and
Local Clean Air Act Implementation
Activities (CAAAC)
We hope these materials will help you to cut through the regulatory
complexity and find efficient and cost-effective ways to make these
clean air laws work for you.
A New Approach
We also recognize that guides, brochures, and videos — by
themselves — will not make these new clean air policies work. We must
have your help. The key to "lower-cost clean air" is a working partner-
ship among industry, environmental and health groups, government
officials, and other concerned citizens to create flexible approaches
that achieve environmental goals.
That partnership can be established, and "fast, cleaner and lower-
cost clean air" can be achieved, through a shared commitment to the
principles which underlie these ambitious new clean air programs:
B Regulatory Certainty: providing federal guidance and regula-
tions, state and local regulations, and industrial compliance plans
that are clear, consistent, and developed as early as possible.
• Collaboration: using a variety of methods, all key parties need
THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1990
-------
to participate to develop regulations creatively and in a way that
will lead to efficient and effective implementation.
& Enforceability: making clean air rules enforceable and those
affected accountable, in order to build a foundation for increased
use and acceptance of innovative regulatory approaches.
m Flexibility: achieving environmental goals through a combina-
tion of traditional approaches and flexible incentive programs that
promote innovation and efficiency and bring faster progress
towards clean air.
• Adequate Resources: recognizing that all parties need to have
adequate resources (time, money and personnel) to successfully
put these clean air programs in place.
"-
f £
18=.
i-!
We need your leadership to protect the environment in
ways new to everyone The stakes are high If we succeed,
the rewards will be great.
Finally, as we prepare to send you more specific
thoughts on "smart implementation,"we welcome your own
•i t • . .
thoughts and comments. Contact:
The Clean Air Act Advisory Committee
c/o U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation
ANR-443, 401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Tel: (202)260-7400
" Fax: (202)260-5155
Tell us what you want either from us or the EPA staff
and we will do our best to serve your needs. We also urge
you to form your own groups to determine your own clean
air needs. Further, we encourage you to contact your state
air quality agency, listed on the back cover.
Together, we can realize this bold new vision. We can
help Americans find the most economical ways to live
healthier and more productive lives in a nation with clean,
clear, breathable air.
AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO SMART IMPLEMENTATION
-------
Dtpirtrni;)) ol Environ-
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State Air Quality Agencies
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Department ol Health
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Dtpartmenttor
Environmenlal Proteclion
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Fi> (5001561.3787
Department ol
Environmental Quality
Department ol
Natural Resources
Mr dually DMsbn
P-O'BoxSOOW
Lansing, Mt 48909
Te! 5171373-7023
Fax; (517J 373-1265
Pollution
Control Agency
Alt Quality Division
520 Laiayolte Road ttolh
9. Pant, m 55155
let: |612} 296-7331
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Department ol
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Department ol the
Environment
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Environmenlal Proleclion
Department of
Enulronmental Quality
Office of Po!!t«8ftCor*o!
AttOmsM
PA B« 10386
Jadtson, MS 38388 -••
Tel: (6011 S6I-S171 ••
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New Mexico Environ-
ment Department
Environmental
Protection Division
Ail Quail? Division
Harold Runnels Bldg,,
Rra.S21QO
P,O.Box2B110
SanlaFaJM 87502
Tel: (505)827-0070
. Fax: (505)827-0045 !
New York State
Department of Environ-
mental Conservation
Department of
Natural Resources
OMstajtf1 "
Environrwital Quality
Air Pollution Control Program
P,Q-Box176
Ji!?«son Ci'y, MO 65102
Tel" (314)751-4817
FW 3141751-2706
Department of Health
and Environmental
Sciences
Air Quality Bateau
CoosiwP Building Rm AI16
Mm, MI 596%
Tel: (400 444-3454
Fax; (406)444-1374
Department of
Environmental Control
*rteS5'Ca/fW
20! CWmmal Ma': Soulli
Box 96322
Lincoln. NE 68509-8922
Tet (402) 471-2189
Fax- WOtt 471 -2909
Division ol
Environmenlal Protection
SurmiolAltQuilily
123 West NM Una
Carson C.|y. NV 89710
Tel 17021637-5065
Fte (702) 885-0668
Air Resources Division
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CeatBflJ.NH 03301 ' '
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Atony, NY 12233-3250
Tel: (518)457-7230
Fax:(518)457-0794
Department of Environ-
ment, Health, and
Natural Resources
Air duality Section
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
Tel; (919) 733-3340
Fax:(919)733-5317
North Dakota Slate
Department of Health
Division of Environmental
Engineering
1200 Missouri Avenue,
Rffl 304. P.O. Box 5520
Bismarck, ND 58502-5520
Tel; (701)221-5188
Fax; (701) 221-5200
Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency
Division of
Air Pollution Control
1800 Watermark Drive
Columbus, OH 43266-0149
Tel: (614)644-2270
Fax:(614)644-2329
Oklahoma State
Department ol Health
AJrOjallly.Sentee ,
lOOONEIOIhSlreel
P,0, Box 53551
Oklahoma City. OK 73152:
Tel: (403)271^20 .. :
.Fax: (405) 271-7339
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Environmental Quality :: •>
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Pennsylvahia
Department of Environ-
mental Resources
Bureau of Air Quality Control
101 Soiiili2Bd Street,
Executive House, Room 116
Harrliburft PA 17105
Tel: (717)787-9702
Fax: (717)772-2303
Department of Environ-
mental Management
Division oi
Air and Hazardous Materials
291 Promenade Street
Providence, Rl 02908-5767
Tel: (401) 277-2808
Fax:(401)277-2017
South Carolina Depart-
ment of Health and
Environmental Control
Btiresuol
Air Quality Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Tel; (803) 734-4750
Fax:(803)734-4556
Department of
Environment and
Natural Resources
Point Source Control Program
523 East Capitol Avenue,
Joe Foss Building
Pierre, SO 57501
Tel; (605) 773-3351
Fax: (605) 773-8035
Tennessee Department
of Environment and
Conservation
Mslwol
AirPalUion Control
Qgftmi House, 4tlr Floor! • ., :"
701 Broadway •• '.:'<:
Department of :
Environmental Quality
Division otAir QuaSty
1950 West North Templs
Salt Late. Cto.UT 84114-4820
Tel: (801)536-4000
Fax:(801)538-4099
Agency of :
Natural Resources '
Air Polliifian Contra/,Division
103S.MainSt.,Bldg.3Sdih
Waterbury.VT 05676
Tel: (602)244-8731
i, :Texas Air Cohtrbl Board1
Wyoming
Air Quality Division
122 te*25fi Street
(B02) 244-87
802)244-31.
Fax:(802)244-5141
Department of Air
Pollution Control
P.O. BOX 10089
Richmond, VA 23240 ;
Tel: 1804)786-2378
Fax:(804)225-3933
Washington State
Department of Ecology
Airpregam ',':
P.O; Sox 47600 "i "••.,
Olyr*pia,WA 98504-7600
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Tel: 307)777-7391
Fax;:(307) 777-5973
Department of Planning
and Natural .Resources
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Control. Commission
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------- |