Ambient Measurement Methods and Properties of the 188 Clean Air Act Hazardous Air Pollutants


           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency     	
Office Of Air Quality
Planning And Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA-454/R-00-016
March 2000
               Air
'EPA         OFFICE OF AIR QUALITY
              PLANNING AND STANDARDS
                         (OAQPS)

        Ambient Measurement Methods and

        Properties of the 188 Clean Air Act

        Hazardous Air Pollutants
                m

-------

-------
                                    EPA-454/R-00-016
Ambient Measurement Methods and
Properties of the 1888  Clean Air Act
       Hazardous Air Pollutants
       U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
              Office of Air and Radiation
          Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
         Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
                   March 2000

-------
                                  EPA Disclaimer
The infonnation in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the United Sates
Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68-D-98-030 to Battelle Memorial Institute.  It
has been subject to the Agency' s peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for
publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                Battelle Disclaimer
This report is a work prepared for the United States Environmental Protection Agency by
Battelle Memorial Institute.  In no event shall either the United States Environmental Protection
Agency or Battelle Memorial Institute have any responsibility or liability for any consequences
of any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein, nor does
either warrant or otherwise represent in any way the accuracy, adequacy, efficacy, or
applicability of the contents hereof.
                                           11

-------
Abstract

This final report describes work conducted by Battelle to identify ambient air
measurement methods for the 188 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) designated in Title IE of the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The main objective of this study was to document the state
of development of measurement methods for each of the 188 HAPs in ambient air. This report is
essentially an update of the measurement methods review previously conducted in 1993 for the
U.S. EPA (Ambient Measurement Methods and Properties of the 189 Clean Air Hazardous Air
Pollutants-NTIS No: PB95-123923). The current HAPs list contains 188 compounds-
caprolactam has been removed from this list.

The survey of measurement methods for the 188 HAPs included standard methods
published by EPA, NIOSH, OSHA, and other organizations, and wide-ranging literature searches
and reviews of recent publications. Over two hundred (200) distinct measurement methods were
identified, some applicable to several HAPs, and others applicable to a single HAP. The
identified methods were assigned to one of three categories according to their degree of
development, i.e.:

Applicable methods, are methods established and documented to a reasonable degree for
measurement of the target HAP hi ambient air. (This definition does not necessarily imply that
all issues have been fully resolved regarding the sampling and analysis of the HAP in the
atmosphere. An overly optimistic view of the state of HAPs measurement methods could result
if these reservations are overlooked.)

Likely methods, represent methods established for the target HAP or for a closely similar
HAP in a different environment (e.g. workplace air) but needing further development before
application to ambient air.

Potential methods, are methods needing extensive further development before
measurements in ambient air can be considered valid.

For each HAP, all identified methods were tabulated, so that each of the above categories
may have more than one method assigned to it. Quantitative detection limits were also tabulated,
for at least the most fully developed method for each HAP. Pertinent literature was also cited, to
allow the reader to obtain details of each method if needed.

For 134 of the HAPs, Applicable methods of measurement were identified. For 43 other
HAPs, Likely methods, but no Applicable methods, were found. These combined results suggest
that ambient measurements should be achievable for most of the HAPs, with a reasonable further
method development effort. However, that method development must include both Applicable
and Likely methods, since methods currently identified as Applicable may not all be fully proven
for all ambient conditions and for the full range of HAPs properties and reactivity. In addition,
for 9 HAPs only Potential methods were found, implying extensive further development before

iii

-------
ambient measurements are achievable, and for 2 HAPs no methods were found at any stage of
development.

      This report is submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-D-98-030 (Work Assignment
No. 1 - Task 4) by Battelle under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
It covers the period from October 1,1998 to March 31,1999, and all work was completed as of
March 31,1999.
                                        IV

-------
                                     Contents
Abstract	  Hi
Figures	   v
Tables	   v

    Section 1  Introduction	   1
    Section 2  Conclusions	,	   3
    Section 3  Recommendations	   4
    Section 4  Survey Methods  	   5
       HAPs Properties	   5
       HAPs Measurement Methods   	   7
    Section 5  Survey Results	  11
       HAPs Measurement Methods ..'...	  11

References 	  16

Appendices
    A  Results of the Survey of Ambient Air Measurement Methods for the 188 HAPs	  19
    B  Results of the Survey of Chemical and Physical Properties of the 188 HAPs  	  67
    C  Listings of the 188 HAPs by Volatility Classes 	  88

                                       Figure

1.   Distribution of the 188 HAPs by the most developed type of ambient
    measurement method currently available for each compound	  13

                                       Tables

1.   Summary of HAP categories with corresponding vapor pressure ranges and
    properties reviewed  . . .	   6

2.   Identification of the 11 HAPs for which ambient methods are least developed	  15

-------

-------
Section 1
Introduction
The presence of toxic contaminants in air has been a public health issue for many years.
The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990(1) greatly accelerated the pace of designating
and regulating air contaminants by defining a list of 189 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
However, caprolactam is no longer considered a HAPs and the current list contains
188 compounds. These 188 HAPs are remarkably diverse, consisting of industrial chemicals and
intermediates, pesticides, chlorinated and hydrocarbon solvents, metals, combustion byproducts,
chemical groups such as polychlorinated biphenyls, and mixed chemicals such as coke oven
emissions. Some of the HAPs are common air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), but many other HAPs were assigned to the list based on their recognized toxicity in
workplace environments, and had not previously been considered as ambient air contaminants.
Some of the HAPs are not single compounds, but rather complex mixtures or groups of chemicals
spanning broad ranges of chemical and physical properties. A few HAPs, such as titanium
tetrachloride, phosphorus, and diazomethane, are unlikely to exist in ambient air because of their
reactivity.
Title III of the CAAA is aimed at reducing the public health risks from HAPs in ambient
air, and includes mandated risk reduction goals. For example, a 75 percent reduction in cancer
incidence due to area sources of HAPs is a stated goal of Title III of the CAAA. However,
determining the current health risks from HAPs, or quantifying reductions in health risks, requires
knowledge of the ambient concentrations of the HAPs. Partly because of the diversity of the
HAPs, information on ambient measurements and methods are severely lacking for many HAPs.
As of 1993, only 70 of the 189 HAPs were included in the U.S. EPA's National VOC Data
1

-------
Base/2-45 A 1993 survey of ambient HAPs data conducted for U.S. EPA showed no ambient data
for 74 of the 189 HAPs/5'7) and furthermore found less than 100 ambient measurements for 116 of
the HAPs. The main reason suggested for the absence of ambient data for many HAPs is the lack
of suitable sampling and analysis methods/5'7) This document is an update of the measurement
methods review previously conducted in 1993 for the U.S. EPA (Ambient Measurement Methods
and Properties of the 189 Clean Air Hazardous Air Pollutants-NTIS No: PB95-123923). The
current HAPs list contains 188 compounds because caprolactam has been removed from the
original list. The survey of measurement methods for the 188 HAPs drew upon standard methods
published by EPA, NIOSH, OSHA, and other organizations and upon literature searches and
reviews of recent publications. This report contains the following:
1. A primary table is provided in Appendix A which shows each of the 188 HAPs and the
pertinent measurement methods. Each listed method is categorized by the degree of
development of the method. For example, a method which is proven for ambient
measurements is distinguished from a method proven only at higher concentration levels,
as in workplace air. Methods are categorized as applicable, likely, or potential. Method
detection or quantification levels are provided for the most fully developed method for
each HAP. Each compound is also classified into various volatility classes.
2. More detailed information on each listed method is provided in the reference section of
Appendix A. Information includes the method number, title, and the effective date.
Methods include the pertinent U.S. EPA TO and IO methods, NIOSH methods, OSHA
fully validated and partially valicated methods, and finally research methods.
3. Table B-l in Appendix B provides chemical and physical properties of the 188 HAPs and
was used as an aid in assigning methods as applicable, likely or potential.

-------
                                     Section 2
                                    Conclusions
1.     For 134 of the 188 HAPs, measurement methods designed for use in ambient air were
      identified. Most, but not all, of these methods have actually been used for ambient
      measurements of the pertinent HAPs.

2.     For 43 other HAPs as shown in Table 2, measurement methods were identified which are
      likely to be applicable to ambient air after some further development.

3.     Based on the two conclusions above, ambient measurement methods appear to be
      achievable for the great majority of the 188 HAPs.

4.     For 9 HAPs as shown in Table 2, existing measurement methods would require extensive
      further development before application to ambient air should be considered.

5.     For 2 HAPs as shown in Table 2, no measurement methods in any state of development
      were identified.

6.     The 11 HAPs noted in conclusions 4 and 5 comprise the greatest gap in measurement
      capabilities for the HAPs.

-------
                                      Section 3
                                 Recommendations
1.      High priority should be given to further development of measurement methods for the 43
       HAPs for which such effort is likely to lead to ambient air measurement capabilities.

2.      Development of methods should be initiated for the 11 HAPs for which existing methods
       are most lacking. However, prioritization of that effort should be based on the reactivity,
       emitted quantities, and potential products of these HAPs.

3.      Method verification efforts should continue for all HAPs, with the aim of consolidating or
       simplifying the wide variety of measurement methods currently identified.
                                          4

-------
Section 4
Survey Methods

This section describes the methods used in the original 1993 and the current surveys to
obtain and compile information on the properties and measurement methods of the 188 HAPs.
The HAPs property information was reviewed and also was of use in updating the measurement
methods for the 188 compounds.
HAPs Properties
The chemical and physical properties of interest in this survey are those that affect the
sampling and measurement of HAPs in the atmosphere. To organize the compilation of
properties, the HAPs were divided into groups. As a starting point, the 188 HAPs were first
divided into organic compounds and inorganic compounds (designated OC and INC,
respectively). This initial distinction was based largely on the designation of chemicals in the
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,(8) and on the known nature of the HAPs. The primary
properties then obtained for all the HAPs were vapor pressure (in mm of Hg at 25C) and boiling
point temperature. The vapor pressure data were the primary factor used to categorize the HAPs
further, since, vapor pressure indicates the likely physical state of a chemical in the atmosphere.
The 188 HAPs were ranked in order of vapor pressure, with boiling point a secondary ranking
factor.
Once ranked according to vapor pressure, the HAPs were grouped according to ranges in
vapor pressure. Quantitative vapor pressure criteria were set up defining very volatile organic and
inorganic compounds (i.e., WOC and WTNC), volatile compounds (VOC and VINC),
semivolatile compounds (SVOC and SVINC), and nonvolatile compounds (NVOC and NVINC).
The vapor pressure criteria corresponding to each of these HAPs volatility classes are shown in

-------
Table 1. The vapor pressure criteria shown are the same as those used hi previous such
categorizations/95 except for the very volatile categories (WOC and WINC). This study
denoted as very volatile any compound with a vapor pressure greater than 380 mm Hg (i.e., half
an atmosphere); previous categorizations used a somewhat lower criterion of 10 kPa (i.e., 0.099
atm). The vapor pressure criteria are somewhat arbitrary, and compounds with vapor pressures
near the criterion values generally fall into "gray areas" that define gradual transitions from one
volatility class to the next.  For the volatile and very volatile HAPs,  further chemical and physical
properties were compiled, consisting of electronic polarizability, water solubility, aqueous
reactivity, and estimated lifetime relative to chemical reaction or deposition in the atmosphere.
These properties were compiled because they determine the effectiveness with which a HAP may
be sampled in the atmosphere, and the extent to which atmospheric processes may obscure
emissions of HAPs to the atmosphere. Table 1 summarizes the properties reviewed for the
various volatility classes of HAPs.
Table 1. Summary of HAP Categories With Corresponding Vapor Pressure Ranges and
         Properties Reviewed
Volatility Class3
WOC (very volatile
organic compounds)
WINC (very volatile
inorganic compounds)
VOC (volatile organic
compounds)
VINC (volatile
inorganic compounds)
SVOC (semivolatile
organic compounds)
SVINC (semivolatile
inorganic compounds)
NVOC (nonvolatile
organic compounds)
NVINC (nonvolatile
inorganic compounds)
Range of Vapor
Pressures (mm Hg
at 25E)
>380
>380
0.1 to 380
0.1 to 380
1 x 10-7 to 0.1
IxlO-'toO.l
<1 x lO'7
<1 x lO'7
Properties Reviewed
Vapor pressure; boiling point; polarizability; water solubility;
aqueous reactivity; atmospheric lifetime
Vapor pressure; boiling point; polarizability; water solubility;
aqueous reactivity; atmospheric lifetime
Vapor pressure; boiling point; polarizability; water solubility;
aqueous reactivity; atmospheric lifetime
Vapor pressure; boiling point; polarizability; water solubility;
aqueous reactivity; atmospheric lifetime
Vapor pressure; boiling point
Vapor pressure; boiling point
Vapor pressure; boiling point
Vapor pressure; boiling point

-------
       The primary information sources used for the HAPs properties survey were handbooks and
data bases of chemical and physical properties,*8'16* including an EPA computer data base
specifically addressing the 188 HAPs.(10)  Whenever possible, inconsistencies and errors were
corrected by comparisons of data from various sources, and by consultation with EPA staff.
       The chemical and physical property data compiled in this study are contained in detail in
Appendix B, for the full list of 188 HAPs. Appendix C provides a separate list identifying the
organic and inorganic HAPs in each of the volatility ranges.

HAPs Measurement Methods
       The search for measurement methods for the HAPs was intended to be as wide-ranging as
possible. Initial information sources included standard compilations of air sampling methods,
such as EPA screening methods, EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP), Compendium (i.e.,
TO-) methods, the Intersociety Committee on Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis, the
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and
EPA solid waste (SW 846) methods. However, after further analysis of available information, we
excluded EPA screening methods, CLP methods, ASTM methods, and EPA solid waste methods
from the current table.
       Another useful resource was the EPA database on measurement methods for HAPs,(17)
which includes primarily established EPA methods. Additional sources of information were two
surveys on the ambient concentrations^ and atmospheric transformations of the HAPs.(7'I5>16)
The ambient concentrations survey*5"7* was especially useful as a guide  to measurement methods
for HAPs, and assured that methods were identified for all HAPs that have been measured in
ambient air.  In addition, reports, journal articles, and meeting proceedings known to contain
information on HAPs methods were obtained and reviewed.  In general, highly complex and
expensive research methods were considered unsuitable  for widespread monitoring and were not
included in this survey.
       The aim of the methods survey was to provide information on methods immediately
applicable to HAPs measurements, and on those still in development.  As a result, measurement

-------
methods for the 188 HAPs were organized into three categories, depending on the degree of
development of the method. Those categories are:

Applicable
An Applicable method was defined as one which has been reasonably established and
documented for measurement of the target HAP in ambient air. In most cases, methods identified
as Applicable have actually been used for ambient measurements, i.e., ambient data are available
illustrating the effectiveness of the method. A good example of an Applicable method is EPA
Compendium Method TO-14A, which has been widely used for VOC measurements. In other
cases, a method was identified as Applicable for a specific HAP because of the degree of
documentation and standardization of the method, even though no ambient data were found. The
primary examples of this are a few TO- methods. Although such methods are targeted for a
number of HAPs, for a few of those HAPs no ambient measurements were found, and further
development may be needed to document ambient measurement capabilities. It must be stressed
that the existence of an. Applicable method does not guarantee adequate measurement of the
pertinent HAP(s) under all circumstances. Further development and evaluation may be needed to
assure sensitivity, freedom from interferences, stability of samples, precision, accuracy, etc. under
the range of conditions found in ambient measurements.

Likely
Two types of Likely measurement methods were defined. The most •common type is a
method which has been clearly established and used to measure the target HAP in air, but not in
ambient air. The presumption is that further development (such as an increase in sensitivity or
sampled volume) would allow measurements in ambient air. The primary examples of this type
of 'Likely method are NIOSH or OSHA methods established for HAPs in workplace air. A
specific example is OSHA Method No. 21, stated to have a detection limit of 1.3 ppbv in
workplace air, and designated as a Likely method for acrylamide. In a few cases, such methods
have been applied to ambient air, but in such limited conditions or time periods that
demonstration of the method is judged to be incomplete. The second type of Likely method

-------
consists of techniques identified as Applicable for one HAP, and consequently inferred as Likely
for another HAP, based on close similarity of chemical and physical properties. An example of an
inferred Likely method is TO14A for l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, based on the similarity of
this compound to other VOCs in terms of volatility, water solubility, and reactivity.

Potential
A Potential method was defined as one which needs extensive further development before
application to ambient air measurements will be justified. Many Potential methods have been
evaluated under laboratory conditions, or for the target HAP in sample matrices other than air
(e.g., water, soil). Potential methods were inferred for some HAPs, based on Applicable or Likely
methods found for other HAPs having somewhat similar chemical and physical properties. The
degree of similarity of properties between HAPs was used as the guide in designating Potential
methods in those cases.
For HAPs for which no Applicable or Likely methods were found, further searches were
conducted beyond the reviews outlined above. For such HAPs, detailed literature searches were
conducted using the files of Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) and the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS). Such searches targeted the chemical name and CAS number of the
HAP of interest, and used successive sets of keywords such as air; trace or ambient or workplace;
and detect or measure or monitor. Abstracts obtained in such searches were reviewed, and whole
papers were obtained for review if the abstracts appeared promising.
In all method searches and reviews, the chemical and physical properties compiled in this
study were valuable. The quantitative similarity of properties such as vapor pressure, solubility,
and reactivity of HAPs was used to suggest Likely and Potential methods, and the degree of .
similarity of properties determined the choice between designation as a Likely or Potential
method.
HAPs Method Detection Limit
A key characteristic of an ambient air measurement method is the detection limit. As part
of this methods survey, ambient air detection limits were indicated whenever they were reported

-------
in method documentation.  The various units in which detection limits were reported include
parts-per-million by volume (ppmv), parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv), parts-per-trillion by
volume (pptv), milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3), micrograms per cubic meter (ng/m.3),
nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3), and picograms per cubic meter (pg/m3). Detection limits
were reported in this review as they were stated in the respective methods. An effort was made to
indicate the detection limit for at least the most fully developed method(s) for each HAP.
Estimation of detection limits, when they were not explicitly stated in the material reviewed, was
generally not done.  The detection limits reported should be considered primarily a guide to the
relative capabilities of the various methods, rather than an absolute statement of method
performance.
       Citation of literature hi the methods survey was aimed at providing the user of the survey
enough information to review at least the basics of the identified method, and to locate further
information if needed. No effort was made to compile all possible information on each method.
       The results of the HAPs measurement method survey are summarized in Section 5, and the
complete table and supporting data are presented hi detail in Appendix A for the full list of 188
HAPs.
                                           10

-------
Section 5
Survey Results

This section of the report summarizes the data obtained during the update of measurement
methods for the 188 HAPs. The complete table of measurement methods is contained in
Appendix A, along with method identification details. Supporting chemical and physical data for
each HAP is shown in Appendix B. "For convenience, Appendix C provides a listing of the HAPs
by volatility classes.

HAPs Measurement Methods
The primary product of this study was an updated listing of measurement methods for the
188 HAPs.
The complete listing of the HAPs method survey is presented in Appendix A in the form
of a comprehensive table that presents the 188 HAPs in the same order as they appear in the
CAAA. For each HAP entry, the name, CAS number, and major volatility class are shown. The
ambient methods information is listed in successive columns for Applicable, Likely, and Potential
methods. Within each of these columns, the identified methods are indicated by standard method
designations (e.g., TO-14A, NIOSH 5514), or by citations to the pertinent literature (e.g., R-l, R-
2, etc.). The final two columns of the Table show the limits of detection for selected methods,
and provide explanatory comments on the entries, respectively.
The methods and literature compiled in conducting the methods survey are cited in a
reference list in Appendix A. Standard methods, such as NIOSH, OSHA, TO- or IO- methods,
are listed by title under -a general reference heading. Research methods are listed in numerical
order (R-l, R-2, etc.). For each research method, the citation includes a brief description of the
method, and one or more literature citations pertinent to the method.
11.

-------
Figure 1 shows that for 134 HAPs (two-thirds of the HAPs list), Applicable ambient
measurement methods were found. Note that Figure 1 shows only the most developed state of
methods found; for some of these 134 HAPs, Likely and Potential methods were also found.
Figure 1 also shows that for 43 HAPs, Likely methods were found, but no Applicable methods.
Most of these Likely methods were specific for the HAP in question, but for some HAPs the
identification of Likely methods was inferred based on HAP properties. For 9 HAPs only
Potential methods could be identified, and of those, 3 were inferred on the basis of chemical and
physical properties. For 2 HAPs no measurement methods could be identified at any level of
development.
In terms of method development needs for the HAPs, the most cost-effective approach
would probably be further development of the Likely methods that exist for the HAPs with no
Applicable methods. The definition of a Likely method means that a reasonable degree of further
development should result in a method applicable to ambient air. In addition, the large number of
Applicable methods already available for volatile and semi-volatile organics should enhance
development of methods for additional compounds. A good example is the recently completed
TO-15 document which discusses canister sampling and its potential for sampling the 97 volatile
HAPs. Validation on storage stability and analytical method detection needs to be determined for
many of these compounds.
Continued evaluation of measurement methods for all the HAPs would be worthwhile. An
important goal of that effort should be to consolidate and simplify the variety of methods
available into a smaller number of well-characterized and broadly applicable methods. Although
some of the standard EPA methods cited in this survey are intended to be broadly applicable, the
diversity of the 188 HAPs calls for further work in this area. Another area of opportunity for
consolidation of methods is the NIOSH and OSHA workplace methods, many of which are cited
in this survey as Likely methods for various HAPs. Although generally targeted for a single
chemical or a small group of chemicals, the workplace methods often share very "similar
operational and analytical procedures. Combination or consolidation of these methods thus would
seem feasible. Finally, further verification of HAPs methods is needed, even for Applicable
methods. The existence of Applicable methods for 134 of the HAPs may present an
12

-------
                                                    D 134 - Demonstrated
                                                       Methods (Applied or
                                                       Inferred for Ambient
                                                       Air)
                                                    D 43 - Likely Methods
                                                       (Applied or Inferred for
                                                       Workplace
                                                       Environments)
                                                    D 9  - Potential Methods
                                                       (Based Upon Properties,
                                                       Other Media, Inference)

                                                    D 2  - No Methods
Figure 1'.  Distribution of the 188 HAPs by the most developed type of ambient
        measurement method currently available for each compound
                                      13

-------
optimistic picture of the state of HAPs measurement capabilities. However, the absence of
ambient data from some Applicable methods, the reactivity of some HAPs, the variability of
ambient sampling conditions, and the complexity of air composition that can be encountered in
ambient measurements suggest that for many methods further testing is needed. The 84 research
methods identified here, which have generally been applied only to a limited extent by a small
number of investigators, are particularly appropriate candidates for further evaluation.
The 11 HAPs for which only Potential methods or no methods were found would seem to
indicate the greatest current need for ambient method development. Those 11 compounds are
identified in Table 2, which also indicates their respective volatility classes. These 11 HAPs are
relatively unusual compounds, not normally regarded as ambient air contaminants, and some are
highly reactive and not likely to be present for long in the atmosphere.(7-15'16) There are no ambient
air concentration data for these 11 HAPs,(5'7) and virtually no information on potential atmospheric
reaction products/15-165 so it is difficult to determine whether they or their reaction products cause
a significant health risk in ambient air. Method development should be pursued for these 11
HAPs. However, because of the very inadequate state of current methods, such method
development should be prioritized based on information on the emissions, reactivity, and products
of these HAPs. This approach will avoid spending time and resources on method development
for a HAP or HAPs that are, for example, too reactive (e.g., titanium tetrachloride) or emitted in
quantities too small to be present at measurable levels in the atmosphere. This linkage of method
development with other information should be valuable for all HAPs, but especially so for the 11
HAPs shown in Table 1.
14

-------
Table 2. Identification Of The HAPs For Which Ambient Methods Are Least Developed
Likely Methods Identified (43)
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
4-Aminobiphenyl
o-Anisidine
Benzidine
Calcium cyanamide
Chloroacetic acid
2-Chloroacetophenone
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Diazomethane
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Diethanolamine
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
N,N-Dimethylaniline
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
Dimethyl phthalate
..2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Epichlorohydrin (1 -Chloro-2,3 -epoxypropane)
-4,2-Epoxybutane
Ethylene glycol

Potential Methods Identified (9)
Acetamide
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
B enzotrichloride
Chloramben
 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Hexarhethylphosphoramide
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
- 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methylaziridine)

No Methods Identified (2)
Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
Titanium tetrachloride
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene thiourea
Hexamethylene diisocyanate
Hydrazine
Hydroquinone
Methylhydrazine
Methyl isocyanate
4,4'-Methylenebis-(2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
p-Phenylenediamine
Phosphorus
Phthalic anhydride
1,3-Propane sultone
Quinone (p-Benzoquinone)
Toluene-2,4-diamine
2,4-Toluene diisocyanate
o-Toluidine
Triethylamine
Cyanide Compounds
Fine Mineral Fibers
                                              15

-------
References

1.  Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Conference Report to Accompany S. 1630, Report No.
    101-952, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1990, pp 139-162.

2.  Shah, J.J., Heyerdahl, E.K. National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Data
    Base Update, Report EPA-600/3-88/010(a), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
    Triangle Park, North Carolina, 1988.

3.  Shah, J.J., Singh, H.B. Distribution of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Outdoor and Indoor
    Air: A National VOCs Data Base, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1988, 22, 1381-1388.

4.  Shah, J.J., Joseph, D.W. National Ambient VOC Data Base Update: 3.0, report to U.S.
    Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/R-94-089, by G2 Environmental, Inc.,
    Washington, D.C., under subcontract from Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, May 1993.

5.  Kelly, T.J., Mukund, R., Pollack, A.J., Spicer, C.W. Ambient Concentration Summaries for
    Clean Air Act Title III Hazardous Air Pollutants, Final Report to U.S. Environmental
    Protection Agency, EPA-600/R-94-090, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, July 1993.

6.  Kelly, T.J., Mukund, R., Pollack, A.J., Spicer, C.W., Shah, J., Joseph, D.W., Cupitt, L.T.
    Surveys of the 189 CAAA Hazardous Air Pollutants: I. Atmospheric Concentrations in the
    U.S. in Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Proceedings of the  1993
    EPA/AWMA International Symposium, EPA Report No. EPA/600/A93/024, Publication
    VJJP-34, Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, pp 161-166,
    1993.

7.  Kelly, T.J., Mukund, R., Spicer, C.W., Pollack, A.J. The Hazardous Air Pollutants: Their
    Concentrations, Transformations, and Fate in Urban Air, Environ. Sci. Technol., Environ.
    Sci. Technol., 1994, 28, 378A-387A.

8.  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, R.C. Weast, ed., 59th Edition, CRC Press, Boca
    Raton, Florida, 1979.

9.  Clements, J.B., Lewis, R.G., Sampling for Organic Compounds, in Principles  of
    Environmental Sampling, L.H. Keith, ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp
    287-296,1987.

10. Keith, L.H., Walker, M.M. EPA's Clean Air Act Air Toxics Database, Volume II: Air Toxics
    Chemical and Physical Properties, ISBN-0-87371-820-8, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,
    Florida, 1993.
                                          16

-------
11. Mackay, D., Shiu, W.Y., Ma, K.C. Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties
    and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Volume ill: Volatile Organic Chemicals,
 '   ISBN-0-83731-973-5, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, 1993.

12. Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M., Michalenko, E.M. Handbook of
    Environmental Degradation Rates, ISBN-0-87371-358-3, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea,
    Michigan, 1991.

13. Jones, D.L., Bursey, J.  Simultaneous Control of PM-10 and Hazardous Air Pollutants, II:
    Rationale for Selection of Hazardous Air Pollutants as Potential Particulate Matter, EPA-
    452/R-93/013, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
    Carolina, October 1992.

14. Weber, R.C., Parker, P.A., Bowser, M.  Vapor Pressure Distribution of Selected Organic
    Chemicals, EPA-600/2-81/021, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio,
    February 1981.

15. Spicer, C.W., Pollack, A.J., Kelly, T.J., Mukund, R. A Literature Review of Atmospheric
    Transformation Products of Clean Air Act Title ffl Hazardous Air Pollutants, Final Report to
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/R-94-088, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, July
    1993.

16. Kelly, T.J., Pollack, A.J., Mukund, R., Spicer, C.W., Cupitt, L.T.  Surveys of the  189 CAAA
    Hazardous Air Pollutants: II. Atmospheric Lifetimes and Transformation Products, in
    Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Proceedings of the 1993 EPA/AWMA
    International Symposium, EPA Report No. EPA/600/A93/024, Publication VIP-34, Air and
    Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, pp 167-172, 1993.

17. Keith, L.H., Walker, M.M. EPA's Clean Air Act Air Toxics Database, Volume I: Sampling
    and Analysis Methods Summaries, ISBN-0-87371-819-4, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton,
    Florida, 1992.

18. McClenny, W.A., Pleil, J.D., Evans, G.F., Oliver, K.D., Holdren, M.W., Winberry, W.T.
    Canister-Based Method for Monitoring Toxic VOCs in Ambient Air, J. Air Waste Manage.
    Assoc., 1991,41:  1308-1318.

19. McClenny, W.A., Evans, G.F., Oliver, K.D., Daughtery, E.H., Jr., Winberry, W.T., Decker,
    D.L.  Status of VOC Methods Development to Meet Monitoring Requirements for the Clean
    Air Act Amendments of 1990, in Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants,
    Proceedings of the 1991 U.S. EPA/AWMA International Symposium, Report No. EPA-
    600/9-91/018, Publication VIP-21, Air and Waste Management Assoc., Pittsburgh,
    Pennsylvania, pp 367-3 74,  1991.
                                          17

-------
20. Kelly, T.J., Holdren, M.W. Applicability of Canister Sampling for Hazardous Air Pollutants,
    Final Report to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. 68-DO-0007, Work
    Assignment 45, Subtask 4, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, March 1994.

21. Kelly, T.J., Callahan, P.J., Pleil, J.D., Evans, G.E. Method Development and Field
    Measurements for Polar Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Environ. Sci.
    Technol., 1993,27: 1146-1153.

22. Oliver, K.D. Sample Integrity of Trace Level Polar VOCs in Ambient Air Stored in Summa-
    Polished Canisters, Technical Note TN-4420-93-03, submitted to U.S. EPA under Contract
    No. 68-DO-0106, by ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
    North Carolina, November, 1993.

23. Pate, B., Jayanty, R.K.M., Peterson, M.R., Evans, G.F.  Temporal Stability of Polar Organic
    Compounds in Stainless Steel Canisters, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 1992, 42: 460-462.

24. Coutant, R.W. Theoretical Evaluation of Stability of Volatile Organic Chemicals and Polar
    Volatile Organic Chemicals in Canisters, Final Report to U.S. EPA, Contract No. 68-DO-
    0007, Work Assignment No. 45, Subtask 2, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, September 1993.
                                          18

-------
                 Appendices
                 Appendix A
Results of the Survey of Ambient Air Measurement
          Methods for the 188 HAPs
                     19

-------
















(A
oo
oo


^ *S
<3
_y
1

•o <
di in
g £
5u


6
*—
&%
U


•a
c
o
tt,
o
u















A: 1 ppbv
10 ppmv
|: 2 ng/sample
|: 0.1 mg/sample
!80ppb(1050Mg/m3)
^ ^' oo r-."'
V r^CO 0 r^,
Q Tj- >n in oo









00 O\ t—
en m O
r_1^ o» 04 ro
2J 


op

0
f-




cetonitrile
•<



















OS
VO
T— *



04

S
oo




cetophenone
•<



















•n
vo
o
o
00
O












U
O



m
vi
1

u
S
o
y5
•Acetylamino!
04














i|
*""* *-H
I O r^i
O "^ 04









*-i OS
O ro
_ . in in
£J 04 04
^ 00 00
£22
O g Z




.
1— t

u
>


00
S

0




.g
'53
"s
o















1
f«l

jN.


m

,^
O
1




O4
%







U
>


rt
VO
9
OS
r--




crylamide
•<














1
1
O4
^*
OO
ts.


^
,__(
^_^
0
%




oo
oo
o







u
>


^
o
r— 1
1





rs
'o
OJ
o















T— <
CU **L^
1^1
*~* *^ "^t* /— N
^ 6 ° p^1 1,









Tf
O
£S _
oo 2 T
O 2 »!





r-^ i— (
61 __
O V "7

O
^


t
cn
i
r-
o




1
o















It
° OT
-< ~Bb
^4
o|











«— t
K
oo
i




j
§is

o
^


•7
o
i
0




llyl chloride
<
o
J
Q*
1
"3
u
1
Oc
tH
&
13
I
*£
vo °
m
0.1 ng/m3
I ppt (6.9 ng /m3)
• •
It






r-




OSHA93
R-36







U
o



I_
1
vp
•Aminobiphel
^r














I
tf
2 s
\n O
^T {SI
*7 o


o
04
04
0
oo
O


04 t--
O T-C
NIOSH 20
NIOSH 20





m t-~-
O O

O
^


ro
ro
in
VO




1
'H
-------













M
00
00
rH
,a
>M
<2

•S
o

•ement Met
P4
S
«
a>
^
^
O
ey of Ambie
|

cw
rti
•S3
«*-!
O
s
53
a
rt
^^
—
W






-
2
5




nit of Detection
In*
J



•B
o
JS
a>

=
Si
nt Measurem
_QJ
1
<



fig
ac

t
o
1^
1/3
U


•o
e
e
a.
a
U

















^^^
•2
s
i?





!

 -^5
2 ~£ « ~ £
f? B t- v ..
, . t+H ^^ fs) ^3
^ **4 O cd ^ ^










(_H M Hp( HH HH
^J_( |J-( h*H HM ^f*
oo oo oo oo 2 ^
O O O O S S
-H HH 1— 1 HH WJ |
JZ| IZ ,ZI Z O K




CN
pi
O
z
i:

^j*
>— i
i^
«s
m




tA
•S
<












I 1 I
£ ^ 1 f -.| If'
-1  >->
« -a
VO °
u
ca
,M *n - ^
o
oo



T:
g
J
CQ












(U
pu~|p
0 0
<°
= 8
o 2










s
o
B
D



2 2
062
H H Pi
O
O

f--

•^t"
O
0



1
3
o
5>
a
.

T 1F"°
§ G
T'll
1 *-* nt
•H £50
fi §
£ sli' "•*
^ 0
r^l S1 ^
1 1
•
3 J3












So
3.
1










O
s



12
6
H1
$

,_!
1
00
00
1
CN
rf
m
0.
^
^
,£
1
t.
"
m












CO
O
O
I


g
O
 o \0
-> •— i in
K i — i i — '










OSHA56
NIOSH 1024
TO-14A



J2
O V T
H K «
O

o
i
^\
vo
O



1
3
rn
—•
21
-------






CO

•3
OO
OO
T-K
0>

o
**•*
M
•a
0

•£

•^J
a
S
i
(A
03
a>
S
•is
•<•»
a
S
o
9
CO

p*"*j
•*•*

•
"3

1
U
5
E





I*"*8
06
o
2
CO


u

1
3
0
1
0
U












••^
JC3
-52
«
^





^.
2
hZ5
^H


to
^»
.3
|

















R-32: recommended range in air =
.0.24 mg/m3 (240-L sample
volume)



§
o
 ^
Q ^ in
H Pi £j


c*
S
s
oo
O












o
§§"

O
1
i

ro

«— '





c
-^-«
G-t
c3

[5006]: working range = 0,5 - 20
mg/m3 (200-L sample volume]
[63]: sample volume = 60 L
jj


fit
|l|
r^A ^ O
m 'S o
vo fj in









vo

vo "^
ffi
S oo
S2
O 2





S-
*
I
in

1^
CO
VO





1

0
b.
LOD of R-11 estimated; range of
ambient data 0.025 - 0.34 ppb1
.£«


tit
§~i r~i
t
PH til t^









O
O
VO
K "^
OO •' •
is




in
22

8
0
tn

1
l/"l
p-


13
l«-
CO
T3
1

u
.

U
OH

ffl
||t
0 o 0
< ^ ®
"7 *T S*
O O o
H H IH









m
o
0
ffi
^3
2




^ m t-
66635
H H H Pi Pi

U
in
c*l

VO


1

*G
1
s
§
.£>
!5
U
1
LOD for R-10 estimated based on
calibration data; range of amb:
data 0.4 - 0.7 ppbv



II
O .il,
T "*
w n


o
ts
2
M
00
O




_
^f
^_ f
S





o
3

U
O
1— 1
00
10

CO
VO


U
*o
ts
"3
1
^
£3
U
1
R-2 indicated by analogy with phe:
based on similar properties
R-2: 0.02 ppbv (estimated) '
R-25: 1 ppbv (estimated)



i
U1
i
oo
1

H


£
i
DH
00
O







22




oo


u
°\

o
cs






J
q\
ta
U
£
R-27 indicated based on applicabil
of method for other pesticides











r-
1
Pi















U
oo
o
o>
i

m





1
1
0
§'


^
S* £L,
""^ 'cj
1 fill
C!'?.n"S3
^^ \ ^ ^^
2 ^ ^ o"^
O1 CN cs \r\ F^1
t t i^_: ^*










O

t"> iy~i
\o r_.
j hrl
*^N ^^
o S




o
'T' t — • OO O\ O *—<
Q CN cjl CM en m

U
oo
^

1
[•-•.
«r^




di
1
•5
o
§

[805]: LOD not established
[601 1]: working range = 7-500
ppbv ( 90-L sample volume)
[ID101]: sample volume = 15 L



|
o
5
HH









*"* ,— \
^^ v-H
gs
•rf1 ®
7j ^J
oi



r— i
O
OO
5

|
in
o
in
CM
oo
f*^.
r*^





OJ
o
s
22
-------














»a
^u
"5
a
00
oo

5
o
**•<
CA
TJ
0
1u
^
•4^
1
2
s
V)
R
(U
S
•3
"S
ey of Ambie
s:
s
CO
cu
A
CM

"3
Efl

« 1
•S
at
^
B
g
J> A
nt Measu
Like

*s
B ^J
•^ •&
1
t

•d <
B. e»
g w
O ^
U U

•
O
f^

U



•o
B
O
Q.
S
o














Cu 


oo
1
s
r^



"2
"o
ca
Q
O
O
_o


CO
CO
"" 1
tN -S
ii S>
s §
*o §

o g5
i— » (.j
£3 en /^^
§ S Q
"s3
1 	 1 N^ 1-J
s
"s
s
s
O
00
O
^ji
^
ts
Ijn^J



OO
i
5
V?
0
£7
5)
1 — •
•si







U
00

^
i
 t
_o -^2
o S s
• • VI O
i "T 8
•v f~* ^
-< H r1.-









m
g
13
g





Tf IO C^-
p 6 6 2
U
o

r~-

ON
oo
o





p- 1
(U
g
(U
•§ .
0
a
en
a
2 «U

e °
i> cu
O.U
s ^
sit
•5 ? Si
"^ s™-/ Q
S^s
° O W
* ^§
s
1
§
o
o
«--
•N
_<



ro
T«4
S ^^
yK CM
O (i



s





0
i
O
o
00

VO
1
J£J
1
o
in



„
"cS
it^i
g
(L)
•§
_0













>t
III
T1 8 °
^ O r—-i
-i r\ y.









n
8
ll





2; ^j
O/™\ ^o
>>™/ i
8


ro
vo
VO
i
f-
vo






£
c2
2
U


en
S
1-1 ^
II 00
0 S
i
o §
^ S
U u
P, ^
s § Q
J^-^
1
> «-
5^ vo ,1^
N *n o











®
D Z Pi







O

ts

M
r-
o


•>,

1
*_)
^
0
1
II













0.06 ppbv
]: 0.03 mg/sample
: 22 ppb (80 Mg/m3)
tS 1^-1
" O tS
r~- o *•«
M ^ i""'










.0
6
^
o"
pi
tfj!
°? i^iri1
^ I/Y ts 5^ t*~




o
o
o
•£ o\
y^ i^
D Pi

O\ VO
in m
2 a 33





oo
1
Q


r —
oo
>n
CT\







"o
en
t_i
^
23
-------









1
ffi
0)
A

£
S
o
<§

2
remen
3
2
**c?j
I^H
*M
a
r of Ambii
S1
CO
€


"3


*
 H S'
-i 42 ">_ i
•O « H>^ 1
^ f> o T! *-? T!
" •* o CET ° _, o1
i • ; " rr r1^ a vo
O ^ f? v>  M S £
' *T-i ^ ^Cr ra
"7 4) ea
"*- « ,3
^ 0 "
All









"£b P
tj -i?
^5 i-f
® &.*?
0 »
^^ O *J3
^j, Q £zr*
3 3 *§,

Lrt

O 'J'
J,'i
si
M K
II  *C
bO c
DO H-
.a 6
1 §-
g1!
DL
[2515]: LOD not
determined

_
oo
0

D

,
in
CS
NIOSH






0

1 J. *
oo
oo
^3-
i




3
3
Diazome
•O |U
f^_^

o «' •"
"e 'S -T3 °
s c i, ,r
oo S °P
O fa O -------












Cfl
00
OO
1— (
1
k.
*t«4
•o
Q
f

•w
I
S
.«

.fcj
"^j
"S
ey of Ambk
^
P
en
43
£
o
•fa*

^^
~
IE
H


Comment



o
H^
U
U
•3
*0
•fa*
B
J



13
1
V
s
H-»
i

nt Meas
•S>
1
"<



•d -<
ll

,^
•1
I
^




t
3

 -
e o
CS •;

SlS :


>n
i
u

o



1
^H



m
T ^

O

op
t
OS


l,2-Dibromo-3-
chloropropane
1
"§ ^
8: LOD shown is range of
reported ambient data
7: LOD shown is range of ai
data for separate vapor and
particulate measurements o
various isomers.
ts >n
I |

^ l"g
S *? 2 ^
0 -n ^^
«j ft; S ^
«N •« 0 0








o

O Z




oo r~-
ss
o
O
00






Dibutyl phthalate






"E.


tf
0 0
^ .".
T o




•


•
ro
S
D



<; ^
1—4 1—1
66^
— < E*-< PM
u
o

5.
vo
o
0>
c
1,4-Dichlorobenze
U
CO
o '3T *S
09]: working range = 4-20
yug/m3 (50-L sample volum
j: sample volume = 100 L
6: evaluated for particulate ]
only
D \f*i cn
^L £.pi

Ji
p

« "sf
~5i> c o
a -H o
^ 0 A .'
JvoS




t^.
CO
pi

Os
n ^
§ ^ vo
2^ O fsj






CJ
o
00

^
OS
OS
'S
•3
3,3'-Dichlorobenzi






"S,
H

1
O
O

i1








^
o
U
oo
D



•n
*"^
6
r-1
>

t
5
1
Z^

1 t
Dichloroethyl ethe
(Bis[2-chloro
ethyl]ether)









"1
o
^
i


^
5
^
y}
O







Wl Tt
1— ( t— 1
002
H H Pi
O
O

r-
CS
?i
u
c
1,3-Dichloroprope





"s^
"So £
fM

-f
§1
o »~<
*— 1 . .
6S1
\Q


O
00
i
oo
0


cN
i
0



o
~T ^
£ S
O
c/a

5
r^
2


Dichlorvos
^^
8
41
0 U
II &
u C
i
f1 s
/•)
2,
U
I" -
W 5*

3. w
O &&
0 VO
" ST
II


•s
s
ffi
00
O

os.
o
U
|






B
00

cs
1
cs
J^
»— 1


Diethanolamine
*

•0: not applied to ambient ail
analysis
ication of R-8 based on simi
of properties with dimethy]
sulfate
T "2
A £





1
oo
S


ro
i
g
^^
o



rj- op



W)
t
8
o
o

10
i
r-
VO
S


Diethyl sulfate
-------
                                                           rf  JA
                                                           o  o
              10
              o
           II   M
          •5  a
           9* 3

              Sj_

          ET1 "5- l-J
              CN
                                                          >  hJ
                                                          JJ  CN
                                                       C° §
                                                       ^  r*»
                             •8
                                  s ^
                                                       M
                                      i-J •§
                                                          S  «J
                                                           o1 a
                                                                 CN
                                                           £2,    ffj
                                                                      •I
                                                                       I
                                                                                          §3
                                                                                          o
                                                                                          1
                                                                                          I
    1
              11

              II
              CS  H
                 CN
              CS
                    1
                    CN
                                                                              B. tN
                                  a o

                                                           cs  ,-J
                                             
>u
I
                                              ON
o
 o —
u o
 
-------
00
00

 
T3
 O





•*•»
§
|
o
U






e

1

«)
1
•is
^











t
••1 '1
C M
•^ o
co *T3
T3 t!
o w
^ O
C ^^ *Q
S §
g '§ 8
*« 1 *^*
cj *5 '^
ca o>. w
i







>n
cs
(N
<
oo
O


vo
EC
00
% &





O
f-
oo
oo
VO
o


(U
C3
t
X
o
a.
W















"o.
•8.*-
fi C
O* Q O ~^0
°< vi o :J-
• • T* ® fii,
'>' o S S








OSHA92
NIOSH 1450



in r^
§§32
H H t£ &
U
O
in
oi
oo
o
2;




1
i"
t
w















I
0 '§.
^ _^ c«
p| *Q^ O <"|
1-1 in o ?
O o P JB
T T o J? 3









0
>n
i
o



••* 

o
o




1 ' •
| •
«



































CJ
O

VO
i
i— >•
>n




ca
§ 1
t!















"3.
i 1
a. > g

o 0.0.
? J^S"
H SSi
O
*— 1

T— H
00
O


NIOSH 25 19
R-4 [14]



rf m
6 6 ^
H H osl
r

m
i
o
o
>n




1
o
t















"a.
«•"> W (»!

^ ^ in
V 8"°'
S clS








oo
O
O
^ ffl
1 2
o z



•^ m
P 6
H H
O

i
2

jS
'S

1
S
u
t
W















It
|I

0 0 g
•7 s"0'
B 2,s








s
o
Is
o z



Tf >n
iis
o
cs
4
0
*-H
 —
I |
IS
i "S
* * &JQ
*^- "^ rj
^5
>Tt


I
"^.
,2-
S"
>n


o\
i
w
O


NIOSH 5500
NIOSH 5523





u
0
00

ti
o




o
o
"oh
u
1















u
ta
03
fl "i.
CX ro
^^
•^- in








NIOSH 35 14
R-4 [14]





1
U
O

>n
>n




u
'u
g
W
1
"* M **
^ O fl>
O > £

]l Q> ^H
u "S, ^
8 "1
|4^
S > -3
* S £
f '"' Q« O
Z_« fO
=. 5
S1
> 1 1
O. W f* f^
J, "oo ft "&1 "§,
0 ^^ o 3.
§ 7. T! g 5 n
c^i S'S' o 2,JI
3 c, a .'1 c. it








O ON O ,— ( p<-\
CO ^f ^O . .
O O O S S ci



in
i!
1 '

oo
t
CN
t
in
f-




"53
o
a
U
t
W
CW
 o
J3
"3
 ^
ci
«
S
 C3
H
                                                          27
-------
                      o  o
                                           .a  S la
                                 ~  •* oo
                                 *^ l^\ /™*l
      p 3. p  O,
                                              o cs
    i  .** r1J

   TT  ^o"*1
 v; O  C O

< o  — ^

                                                                             o p
                                                                                                              Jl'i
                                                                                                                  £
                                                                                                               -  ??
                                                                                                               S  -3
                                                                                                               ta  >
                                                                                                               
                      00
                                                                   00
                                                                                                               00
                                    ON O
                                           O
                                           O
 
-------
 C

51
00
00
•o
 o




•+•>
Commer





§ •
••s
4)
•4-1
CU
Q
is
. *
-*rf
's
2

t^
s:
3
1 1
S

«
S
CU
;nt Measureni
| Likely
'£
•^
^**

•d <
si
uu

A


55
^<
w


•o
S
3
e
I"
a





hJ
l-H
i
l ' '
f
CO

r7

ju
"ft, o
c o
lljf $J
co 3. o O g
ts - ,11, ,11, &
• •• (S ~ 0
A^ JT! ts ts g
cs ^ >n m .|3


"
00
1 — ' ts
T^- VO
pi pi


tS —i
ts ts
S 00 00
O *ZZ, &




8
00

o
VO
0
ts

oo




 ft
-- ^ ® °p
S ^ S 2,








O Os
O T
^2 CS
OO OO
2 2

^ *o c^-
i-H i— t i-H
6665
f— 1 f_l f_l p^
u

CO
^-
in

,_^
-^






a
1

^


0 > >-l J
II £ ° <^
Mil
till
^i"t!
'""' O, CO W

O 1^1 J3
in o f^
CO CS, r£
U
"B.
c ***

t^ij
Illl
r1^ ^H O OO1
O ^ m o



in
m
pi


00 ^ S
^T-J S ^^ r\r
00 00 2 <^
o o £s M




1

(N
i
O
i
O







.8
N
1
S
i
vo 'aT
J"
f >
rking range
50-L sampl
t |
r-—i ft,

O
Os




1
ts
cs
o
6s
&






O
00
H
2 1
g o


os

O
>
o
1
o
1
Jj
so
r-

(L»
T3 3
T! C

0 -g
1 ^
O lH
11
O
VO
1 'IT
^ 6
o ^
f !
!I
S|
r^l ft,

O
OS

Q> 4J *»H
&1 &1 g
S s ^
> CO CO 'pS
*" •" •* fT-t
^* bo bX) -^ /-*s
oo :t- =t ^ jg
§ Tir! §-i
o§1i1«-§
^j* ON CT\ d cc
pi di Eli v29 V&








pvj Os OS OS
o 03 03 03
00 00 00 00
^2 2 2


o
CS
1 .
CO
1
CO

s
^o
f-

^ 	 ^
•rt ^—


§.g
1 |
11 '

-rr-
u
>n B
cs 3
II £
60 g1*
S3 "T1
•S o
"Sh
• • OU
1 ' 'I g«4
•* B
0.
o
>n
"B.
1
CO
!
O
C5
f
O
O
Os

M
oo
O


S
o
m
03
00
O
J— 1




O
o

Os

CO
CO
CS






a
§
'§•
o
1

o
t~- "jT

21
king range
12-L sampli
SB
r1^ ft,
oo ft,
0
in

«


I
O
o"
o
in
oo

in
M
oo
O


oo
0
>n
cs
03
00
O
g


i—*
£
o


T-H
1
Os
m
i
00







1
•f.




0 J
g u
11
-^ 5>
CO S
w "
CO

irT ^

S
•a
H
                                                        29
-------
    a
    U


    S
                                                                                         •c  s
                                                                                         2  .2
                                                                                         •§  2
                                                                                         3  a,
a
o
•a
U
V
*-*


ft
 n
           O

           O
                 0.
   U

  f
•^ TO
if
                   0 0
              - Y.
              r- o\
                              o
                              "B,
                           C5 0


                           15
                            i  O
                           O °
                           H rl
                                     1
                                                                  JU

                                                                  "S.
                                      S

                                   32
                                             i -o  &
                                                o -
                                                « §"T.

                                             T 6 6 !G ^
                                                          a
                                                                    4
                                                                  -H -^
                                                                  0 0
                                                                                           ti
                                                                                           ""
                                                                          v

                                                                        "
                                                                              ^ 6
u
   1
•g
a
•s
i
I
i
i
         §
                   o
                   oo
           oo
           o
                                                          oo
easure
    a
    CJ

   1
         t
                   s
                   
3
                   m
                   oo
   U
                                                                       oo
                                                                       0
                                                                                      vo
 a
 £
   ts
    e


    I


   U
                                             II

                                             ^ 1
                                                                        1-1

                   SB
                           — s

                                                      30
-------


Comment


e
litofDetectio
6
3


•B
O
•&
«

•*•!
e
i
£
:nt Measi
y^
1
•^J





13 <
S 1
5C
d
^—i
on

^
U


•a
B
O
O,
i
a











3
"*j*
«
•?





"«3
S
*>
S
«
£
^L
<«^





















.—
a
ft
J3 0 P
a vi o
&, .. r=A
•7 O S
W f™1 "-•








in
3'
ffi
00 _-.
O S




W) t—
*"? T
oo^3
H H Pi oi
U
>
3
1
^3"
ro
VO


W
+-f
"g,
3?
"S
S


]: sample volume = IOQL
^^
CM

it
f? 5
r— i r— i
CN r-









^f T— <
ts r~-
'££
00 00
O O







U
O
^ '
^
i
i

o


IT
« s
2 § •
H
& &
1 ^ '
^i
-*•






/-> r-
*"p *~p *~J*
H H H 2
U
O
>
CN
Os
O

vn
c^


T3 'JT
"§ S
1 i *
4|
u •"
S 9-


o
1
u
1
S
ro
2£,
^^,
f 1*2
c^ >-< •• ^ ^
tptS1



B
ts
*o
PH
• •
CN
(N
OO P- f{ ^
O O £ ei fi







u
00
oo
i
oo

1

O

_«
a1
a.
•3
j§ «i
•^ i
^j. S
Tf"^
o .
T i?
]: sample volume = 100 L
29]: working range = 0.0002
mg/m3 (100-L sample volum
> o


ts
« ° "H.

r^i (S U
c~ o "2jj








OS

O 2







U
O
^
os
t^-


O
r— 4
U
_g

T3
c
^
•*
•s
-§ ^
': range of measured ambient
concentrations = 5.5 - 182 n|
latility presents collection
problems with PUF/XAD at
sample volume
i O
Pt! >
ea ON
"s3 ^* 3 oo
-So o. o
go S o
§ S.g" "g
v 8 | 1
r^ r^ § S O
3|||g








— , \0
o o
^ 00 00
* O O
C/J 1— 4 I— 1
O Z 2




m
^
R S
u
00

o
rN
t

OS




1
cd
S
8-
J2

co
05]: working range = 0.59 - 2
ppmv (55-L sample volume)
»3 by analogy to nitrotoluenes
^j *
a pi;

1
o
VI
^
g
o
r-
oo
^
ffi
00
O

m f-
O — i
O O
CS .CS
K W
00 OO ._
ill




in r-
I 1
2 2
H H
U
>
m
IT)
OS ,
1
00
OS




obenzene
u
%


>2 reports ambient data for 3-
nitrobiphenyl
** »
pi

I
o
o
S

r-
oo
^
ffi
oo
o



tN





CO
S
u
00
i

Os
i
ts
OS



•r;
1
&,
1
z
t
^-

1
! by analogy with 2- and 3-
nitrophenol
i4 by analogy with 2-nitrophe:
\. ^1 «* 1
&< pi

"6
"c s
o.^ o
•? S o
— O p^
<» r>i 0
6 •? g
H K C.

^2
z
^
ffi
00
O



S 1





°j* ro
R ci
u
00
rj-
o
i

o
—*




itrophenol
Z
^
 h.

00
 -------
ffi

CO
CO
 o
                              O    -
                                ^ rt
                              ^ rs
                                      . cs

                                     cs
                           o
                                     oo
                                  p 2
                                              o *-*
                                              *!*!
                                           oo
                                           .i g
                                  S.I
                                  is
                                  32
                                         §•1
                                         u  C

                                        II
                                         is
                                                  o  5
                                        £&
                                            •-I oo O
                                                         
-------













ce
cu
00
00
1— (



CO
_S

C!
o
s
"a
£
1
H





Comment



13
o
c
J


M^
•2
a
•o i
I
)e§
!
i t
S .3
s
'e

S u
•*? ^*
*ss
•^r
N

•d <
a, GA
|J



e
S

U

Compound


u
a i
ft i—4
LOD derived from refer*
jstract
0]: sample volume = 36
•• 13 oo
i 1
t i
If ™ !
 .li °' &
. . J» ^j _' *t K
2 Mil








li
S§
0 Z




ro
f[>
PH
U
Z


CN

rA
o
OO
r-

•c
1
1

. flj OO /*^*s
n
000
io
-^ o
. • . .
s" CT
0 0
f«1 O\
El,!^







O U-l
0 0
p^
ffi ffi
SSF:
— t HH |








U
g
00


o
4 .
1
CN


Phosphorus

CO
C8

^J 13
]: sample volume = 100 1
neasurement range show
OD)
sample volume = 75 L
3\ ^™, ^_J
^ S1
/3 p\i

lms
fi Q)
?|
r^l O
j\
— o1
/I OS





SO OO
CN CN O\
pi pi pi
OS
li
S o







o
o



OS
4

00

Phthalic anhydride
§•
5

CO
1) >>
Higher chlorinated speci
> decachloro, are probabl
fVOC
• • +^ /-*
o
"S« JS
"s* s U
oil
^sl
o ••
2 " • C'l
• -' OS f^
" s CN i/^


{-»
O
0
1
O

b
S
z



o
"7 OS 00
O ^ ^i*
E— < p^ p^
O
O
io

r^i
i
m

CO
r— l

Polychlorinated
biphenyl (Aroclors)






















T— t
Pi







O


^f
1— <
t—
6
CN
r-4

\ 1,3 -Propane sultone




s
not applied to ambient a
nalysis
i* e^
3


1
^-«
• •
S


c«l
SO
N
73
O

o
pi



in

O

8



OO
I
•/"!
t
r-

o
*E<
A
^









0.
S
^
-H
1
—I







c\
IOSH253
z



<
1
p

o
o



1
00
i

CS

iPropionaldehyde





LOD shown is range of
sported ambient data
r~ "
N
pi
^
gl
if
t~*i r— i
S oo
1 <-•


oo
1-1
O
1
O






o

O ^
t-1 K
U
0
&o



t
SO
CS
Tf
• 1

s
1-1
XI
o
&
PH









"3.
"& "
W)
^j
/r* j*---.
2] C^i
02
~* U— 1


o
OS
N
i
o
m
S
O
Z



•*t >n

O O *?
H H M
g



in
oo

oo .
r~

Propylene dichloride
(1,2-
Dichloropropane)





.-3, and R-13 indicated b
imilarity of properties wi
thylene oxide
PS a, u
3
<0
J«
tf"
£ ^^ oo
1^ ^™. -^
- . r— -1 OO
CN V.
*7 ^o So1







CN
oo S
^ 00 m
K O ~ co 2
/3 t— 4 1 II
O Z P5 PS P5



•T)

0
—1
U
o



Os
SO
in
i
in
r-

Propylene oxide
















m
rxi

-si
O










U



00
i
in
>n
i
t~-

1,2-Propylenimine
(2-
Methylaziridine)



T3
X
LOD is range of measur<
oncentrations
o
SO
"s
^G
O .
1
X)
o

pi








in
i
K




so

PH
CJ
1



m
i
CN
CS
i
OS

Quinoline
33
-------
CO
CO
 in
T3
 O
 o



•S
a
,U
1















U)
CO
•-> §
pie volume = 24
:ment range sho\
P *"•'
^|g
So

S
1
o
i
c--
C3
rl^
CO
2,
(N


04
<
CO V
O w


^_
oo
CO

a
CO
O
Z






B
w

.i
"?
vo
0



•

Quinone (p-
Benzoquinone)










-1
• vi o ? bih t3)
<=><=«> s :s-
" VI O *p, f^ VO
^ r-; r^A 6 S •* °f
*7 *7* O -S? § ,® r1-^
P H 2, s 8 Si,






,
o
Ox 1C
OX GO

co co 2
O O 2




S 2 £
6 §-§'2'2
0
>

C4
"f
8





S
I
CO
•s
e u
0 ""3
•a -e '«
09 S °
>plied to ambient
i
: Based on compi
ies with ethylene
-epoxybutane
en "*^ ^~l "C ^
i "§"5 ^"i
o w " ^* ra
•^ ro
ci (i

1
^"
C3
o
s
o "*•
ol S

i 1
ISi







^
(^




VI
§
u
o
>

1
o\
v^5

Ox




Styrene oxide











"s "fe
"So1^ "eb
in "So ^-*
' 0,0
O4 O
O 1O
H P({ oi

cs

C-l
CO
o













<
6 "? "?
U
CO
vo
o

t--



o

0 «
1}
CO* J3
c-T ^










"S,
|tf
o o ®
•J VI O
^ e~ r~ '
i i ^-^
££2
0
Tf
CO
C-l
a
CO
O


Ox
i — i
O
^H

a
CO
2
2




Tf >o r-
ooo^
8
>

1

Ox
t—



(13
1,1,2,2-
Tetrachloroethan










"E.
it!
•"-1 10 ,-r
O O °
•J VI O
$ t^ "
T "7 o







ro
^
t_4

8
CO
2





-3- *o r^
6663*?
H H H ej Pi
CJ
0
>

2

CN



(D ^-N
Jn r^
Tetrachloroethylf
(Perchloroethylel
0

*•<"•*
.S
extremely rapidl
t atmosphere
in C
aj tt>
>>S
43

K

























O
s

o
•5
o

t~-
i>
•0
•c
o
Titanium tetrachl
                                                         34
-------
















VI
^t
00
00
'u
ja
£

•3
0
JJJ
I

^ ^.
i i
U >-3
s
•*-»
fi

fi
i
^
tig
o —
*
o
U




1
o
n.
g
0
u-















C* a>
^ s "a.
^ '& «
JO _Q ^ ° -5 "c
&"a, P ^3 w>j3 x— ,
^ p< ."ts 5 &Q &>
•-; .Q T) O * "— '*§
O S" O ^ ^ G5 ro -C
6 'T 6 * "Sb-3 § ^-a










o « o\ o
T_I o o •* o
^ 00 00 00 00
lilii


^^^ '
666 T '-7 ^
f— i £—< -f-H p^i M fyj
g

00
oo
oo
0





g
1
H
1
S
•o

en 'w*
II §
11
2 ^
OO &
Is j
rii| p

S^

1>
w
5 *
.. oo
m "n"










S
K o
^Q ^^
O JS




U
oo

5
00
OS


U

1
ts"
i
1
H

rl -^T
' §
^ *~^ ^"^
o > ®
11 .S II
Hi
S OT »2
S°6 |
IPf ....
• "li *
•~~« e . .
n {i i i
n c^i
N OO,
-§ 2s
&I) 1^ ^ &4
g "S. ^> "&, &
^ M^ M MJ ^^
tUO ^ O *™J *"* C3 *^ ">?h
^ pj § o o go 5
t9^^KJn.iJno7
o4 OH £2j JCL I£j *3 Cid




ts
VO
pi


-^ in ts
o) ro cs
.- ... in in in __
2 ^i "n CN in pr





O
oo
OS
4
oo
1
oo





g«
3 S
H ea
"o >•
4, :|

^
1°
§ ,
i-J
i
§m u g
- — H
S U §
ffl
£A OS U
pH w »-S
- in 1
^T1 V% W
D PT


4
o
rT
•^









t~- CS
T— I O
__ 0 0
P cs cs
5 ffi K
S 22 £
•5 O O
OO H- 1 l-H
O 2 2




U
1

Tj-
m
in
OS





1
_2
H
0

!2 ^
T §
in -s
® >
° JJ
11 "E<
J™
f- »
o?Q
* aS
r— -i g' • •
O CO


I
O
V
•n
erf


cs
0
1

O


00
35
O



— oo
ci pi
CJ
O
00
CS
1
in
i
o
0
oo
•o

'S

o
If
&1 &
H u













.s

0 0
Us
1 »— H A
O !n S










m
m
ffi
00
O


•^- /"> F-
Rgg2
8

in
O
O
1
OS

(U
a
a
-3
o
1
o
2-
T— <













|
I
^. fli
,5 o.
•"I m
p cs
6^ -I
r< JH -9









p
r-
co
S-
1


•^- m
66^?
H H P4
O

i
o
i
OS
r-




1
4?
^J
I
_o
£
35
-------
           a s
           s
              CL,
I  e
f*^ B
a  s
     * 3  ^ "T.
     I 1  S<
                    £S --E

                     |6 S,

                     >»«" t§
oo
oo
 cd
                                                    go

                                                    O r^i
                                                                           ^^S S
vS°
P. 2sr
                                                                                    ffi
                                                               oo
                                                                    00
                                                           ss
                                                            U
                                                                                    U
                                                                                         Q
-------


















z
H
00
00
1-H
0)
ja
•*•»
k<
O
*
"3
«
i

v>
0>
s
••J
1
i*
§
"£»
**
I

»
•c*
g
&
^

































1

S '&•
^.o® s
&•&«!
1-1 in o ?
o o ° u
-!
H H i — i c o








o ?
m 
c*^
•—I
^s
s

0
tco
"8
1
x"















%
^^
ill!
—. in o ^
o o" ° JSJ
< M ^ & a
2J^" i 1
T *7 o -!5 g
O 0 2 g>-§
H H i — i B o








— OS
O "3-
in in
i-< CS
S K
Z S


^
•




t
f-
in
OS






_u •
t
o















&
1**^
? '&1
o 2 § ,2
illil
-i H 1—1 6 o






^

3 ^
K ffi
00 00
2 2



<
rf in P-
S66£

u
^



i
oo
00
o







U
c
%















$
f ^1
? §•
O c> O U
• • VI (0 0,
'T4 *T o -J2 3








o •^•
>n in
— cs
K ffi
oo oo
22



<<
••3- in r-
ii§s

0
o
>



m
i
cs
3
0







_OJ
x"
a.

m
S i— 1
o o
s vo
II II
C2 C2
3 3
0 0
IU U
f-l
A 03
CO CO
ft



„ ^
Sh T*l^
S* M |^
o •* „••
"^CS
o o ts
m oo oo








00
O Crf oo


o

Ss

U
^








CO
T3
§
0

1
Antimony G
cs -3
^ 'i'-J
cA i g "e j

? P U 2 \o
u U O II II
00 is. o a a
§ § S § §
eo " •§ "o *o
I^IH

* > jj s s
r\ >g ^ gg
D ^ CS- '^''
o f? o o
£, p/; <*>. °°.
_0
"El's, §*
^"^ ^t 7! o o o
— * o o g_ ,-•_•• t;.^
V r^. r^i W O" " "
~ CS ^ CS O O O
f? O O 
-------
 I

(X)
 cu
S
 a
 13
tf
 




CO
"O
Cadmium Compoun



"e
cs
0
11
4>
1
•p,
CO
cs1
CS
oo
0
1
m CO
i, E -^
a <: DO
1) C 3-
*•« §
«.«§
O f
r^,« ^F
CS CS CS
CS CS O
oo oo r~





bO
C^ CS 0 r-i
fill
O 2 2 (i


cs1
CS
00,
<^> ^
2 pi
1
^




CO

Chromium Compouj



"G
^
o
II
u
2]: sample volum
cs
oo
- it
*5 toto
oto ^i 3
"^ "7! o
o p_, ..
r— i CQ F-*1
CS CS CS
cs cs o
oo oo c~-





oo
^ 0 CS ,— ,
fill
O *£% tk


CS*
cs
£2,
'V^
2 p2;
u
g







Cobalt Compounds
£
£jj Q
-£b ••»
8 cs <<-i a
•g oo o E
S ' bO Q
•a ""* § °
 ^
oo 2



, t
f*. **
Coke Oven Emissioi
represented by:
Naphthalene and
Coronene (see also
VOCs, e.g., benzene
toluene, xylene)
12
,
cs ">
CO O j1
g> 1" £^
°o 3 -ti O o
? 1 -g a |
H »* ~- ^ — * P
10]: working range
ppmv (3-L sample
S: 1 pg quantitation
34]: working range
mg/m3 (sample vo
O ^ C7\
vo, pj< r~.

oo O
cs" — i
51 o1
o —
ON ^^
EH. i£<






0 g
O OS
vo r--
ffi ffi
w to °°
2 ci 2






is
^ ^
^ 2



13

Cyanide Compounds
Hydrogen Cyanide a
Particulate Cyanide
O fc<
CJ Q>
•^ 5
"S* o %
o5 ^3 5
<*3 ^ o
"o -3 ^ o

: also ethylene gly
i5: developed for '
ethers, LOD calc
ethylene glycol i
u ^^
oo p4
"s
"I"!'
A t^

V) |
^* ^\
Crf H







"T
erf



r-
V
H
8
>






s
1
I
o



"s
s
o
II
u
1
JB
"S.
CO
r— i
CS
CS
oo
0} vO flj
oj) S^ ;i ^K*
•*• o o vq 3. c;
°°. '"' O cN vo O
O ,^1, 	
r^, W V-T CS1 CST ^
CS CS O 00 O O
cs cs "- o r^ r~






00
JO o o in cs cs — <
fsooooooo, —
^oooooooocoooES
O222222erf


r— i
OO
*? Tf1
2 erf
U
2
>
Z





1
1
o
"O
a
u
                                                              38
-------


















M
2a
»
00
00
J— I
_.

^
i.


1
tn
rLl,
S
«,
1}
0 ,1^,
r^,P3
CN r-)
>o oo










60
OSHA ID 125
NIOSH 7300
R-4 [822B]


cs
(N
oo
§2


o



en
"2
e

o
Manganese Compi
















> o
It if
*? => "^tN JJ
1 •*. o Q>
§ 2 "— ' o to
§ § o 2, S
r1^ •• ^ ** ^
•^ °° o >— ' >J
S3SS2










60
73 00 00 2 T
O O 0 2 Pi

, — ,
c —
(-0
ro in " 2


i|
> ^
oo /Z





en
T3
r-«
Mercury Compoui

^ B
?|
** o
5 *7"^
o fr
ii §
O V5
§" '

& 2

O O
.. u
D'IC
s
n,
1
HH
fS
1
M
§' '
cd
: — i a











0
S '







NVINC







22
1 Fine Mineral Fibei


"s
TJ-
*•!
o
II
e
J3
0
>
W
"O4
CO
r^i
N
IO
O • •
•• ffl1
cs rs
ts CN
» oo










60
ill


rT
cs
2£j
O 2


NVINC







en
Nickel Compound
„ 2
^ 1
1 «N «« 1
5 S2 ° 8
M ^ S
3 ' p o
m^ » W
3 >O >- *J
S « -a .§
^ « 5 ^
Jj O g fcj
B *^3 2 **

s is -^ a>
a§8 1
a c i—i 2
2 g .. g
t — ^— •
Pi &
A: <100pg/m3
.0.09 -1.4 ng/m3
: 0.001 to 0.01
nple with capillary
n
-» TT "" S «

OT1 m "So •*
'i H^ f-« O
H oi n S 8











o o
< Eo oo £,
S22-T
O 2 2 Pi


,
CO
6^5
— •* PH W


° ^







o
Polycyclic Organi
Matter:
represented by
Naphthalene and
Coronene

t2
S eu" OO
- «* *"t> c/r
3 "— ' jQ r \
a s£ P* ^
l« o4"
a 5 it* 5
D M^ '*"* "
3 ct /*^ ,P /^*s.

3| |SC-1
s *o ir^< *
j^.S S3 R -&
§
_i
]: 0.1 pCi/L
depending on
uclide
H S3 S
O *r1 .S
L^ 1



O
O

2
<
»
0

o
VO
t»
1
51
*^
VO
o
333


U O o
IP








Radionuclides
(including radon)



i-4
o
D
U
3

o

|
to
qp
0
IO
1
1l
r— i ~CJ)
!f fZ
1,2










ao
OSHA ID12f
NIOSH 7300
R-4 [804 &
822B]




0


u
2
z




CA


^^
Selenium Compoi
                                 VO
                                  I
                                 ,s
                                  "O
                                  OJ



                                  I
                                  o

                                  I
                                  §
                                  O.
39
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
TO-1
TO-2
TO-3
TO-4A
TO-5
TO-6
TO-7
TO-8
TO-9A
TO-10A
TO-11A
TO-12
TO-13A
TO-14A
TO-15
TO-16
TO-17
OSHAID180
OSHAID160
OSHAID145
OSHA ID 140
OSHAID125G
Method for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using
Tenax Adsorption and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), Revision 1 .0
Method for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air by Carbon
Molecular Sieve Adsorption and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
Method for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using
Cryogenic Preconcentration Techniques and Gas Chromatography with Flame lonization
Determination of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Ambient Air Using High
Volume Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Sampling Followed by Gas Chromatographic/Multi-
Detector Detection (GC/MD), Second Edition
Method for the Determination of Aldehydes and Ketones in Ambient Air Using High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Revision 1.0
Method for the Determination of Phosgene in Ambient Air Using High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Revision 1.0
Method for the Determination of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Ambient Air Using Gas
Chromatography, Revision 1.0
Method for the Determination of Phenol and Methylphenols (Cresols) in Ambient Air
Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Revision 1.0
Determination of Polychlorinated, Polybrominated And Brominated/Chlorinated
Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (TCDDs) and Dibenzofurans In Ambient Air, Second Edition
Determination of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Ambient Air Using Low
Volume Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Sampling Followed By Gas Chromatographic/Multi-
Detector Detection (GC/MD), Second Edition
Determination of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air Using Adsorbent Cartridge Followed by
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Active Sampling Methodology,
Second Edition
Method for the Determination of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in
Ambient Air Using Cryogenic Preconcentration and Direct Flame lonization Detection
(PDFID)
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ambient Air Using Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), Second Edition
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Ambient Air Using Specially
Prepared Canisters With Subsequent Analysis By Gas Chromatography, Second Edition
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Collected in Specially
Prepared Canisters And Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS),
Second Edition
Long-Path Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Monitoring Of Atmospheric Gases,
Second Edition
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling
Onto Sorbent Tubes, Second Edition
Ion Chromatography using glass tube containing potassium hydroxide-coated carbon
for Phosphine in Workplace Atmospheres
Fiber counting by Phase Contract Microscopy (PCM) using mixed-cellulose ester
filter for Asbestos in Air
Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry using mercury-containing ester
filter for Particulate Mercury in Workplace Atmospheres ,
Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry using solid sorbent sampling
device (Hydrar or hopcalite) for Mercury Vapor in Workplace Atmospheres
Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectroscopy using mixed-cellulose
ester membrane filter in styrene cassette for Metal and Metalloid Particulates in
Workplace Atmospheres
4/84
4/84
4/84
1/97
4/84
9/86
9/86
9/86
1/97
1/97
1/97

1/97
1/97
1/97
1/97
1/97
6/91
7/97
12/89
6/91
4/91
                        40
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
OSHAID101
OSHA95
OSHA 94
OSHA93
OSHA 92
OSHA 90
OSHA 9
OSHA 89
OSHA 88
OSHA 87
OSHA 86
OSHA 84
OSHA 80
OSHA 8
OSHA 75
OSHA 73
OSHA 71
OSHA 68
OSHA 67
OSHA 66
OSHA 65
OSHA 63
OSHA 62
OSHA 61
Ion Specific Electrode using a midget fritted glass bubbler containing sulfamic acid
for Chlorine in Workplace Atmospheres
HPLC- UV Detector using cassette containing two glass fiber filters for Ethylene
Thiourea
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using glass sampling tubes
containing 4-tert-butylcatechol-coated charcoal for Methyl Methacrylate
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using sampling device consisting of
cassettes each containing two sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber filters for 4-
Aminobiphenyl
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using glass sampling tubes
containing 4-tert-butylcatechol-coated charcoal for Ethyl Acrylate and Methyl
Acrylate
HPLC- UV Detector using sampling device containing two coated glass fiber filters
for Phthalic Anhydride
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tubes (charcoal) for
Styrene; Superceded by Method No. 89
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using glass sampling tubes
containing coated charcoal for Divinylbenzene, Ethylvinylbenzene, and Styrene
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using Anasorb 747 sorbent tubes for
Propylene Oxide
HPLC- UV Detector using cassettes each containing sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber
filters for m-, o-, and p-Phenylenediamine
HPLC- UV Detector using coated glass fiber filters for Maleic Anhydride
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using glass sampling tubes
containing Carbosieve S-III adsorbent for 2-Butanone
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using glass sampling tubes
containing Carbosieve S-III adsorbent for Methylene Chloride
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
Vinyl Bromide
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using glass sampling tubes
containing Carbosieve S-III adsorbent for Vinyl Chloride
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using cassettes each containing two
sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber filters for o-, m-, p-Toluidene
Gas Chromatography Electron Capture Detector using cassettes each containing two
sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber filters for 4,4'-Methylenebis(o-Chloroaniline)
Gas Chromatography-Nitrogen Selective Detector using sorbent tubes (XAD-2) for
Acetaldehyde
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using OSHA versatile sampler
(OVS-2) tubes containing glass fiber filter and XAD-2 for Chlordane
Gas Chromatography- Nitrogen/Phosphorous Detector using sorbent tubes (charcoal)
for N,N-Dimethylformamide
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using sampling device consisting of
cassettes each containing two sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber filters for Benzidine,
3 3'-Dichlorobenzidine, 2,4-Toluenediamine, and 2,6-Toluenediamine
HPLC- UV Detector using OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) tubes containing glass
fiber filter and XAD-2 for Carbaryl
Gas Chromatography- Flame Photometric Detector (FPD) using glass sampling tubes
each containing glass fiber filter and two sections of XAD-2 adsorbent for
Chlorpyrifos DDVP (Dichlorvos), Diazinon, Malathion, and Parathion
Gas Chromatography- Nitrogen Selective Detector using coated XAD-2 sorbent tubes
for Phosgene 	 	 	 	 	
5/91
8/92
6/92
1/92
12/91
10/91
2/80
7/91
6/91
2/91
12/90
7/90
2/90
5/79
4/89
8/88

1/88
12/87
8/87
7/89
3/87
10/86
8/86
                         41
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
OSHA59
OSHA57
OSHA56
OSHA54
OSHA52
OSHA51
OSHA50
OSHA5
OSHA49
OSHA47
OSHA46
OSHA44
OSHA42
OSHA4
OSHA39
OSHA37
OSHA35
OSHA32
OSHA30
OSHA3
OSHA28
OSHA27
OSHA25
OSHA24
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using special sorbent tubes
(charcoal) for Methylene Chloride; Superceded by Method No. 80 when a standard
size adsorbent tube is desired
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber
filters for 4,4'-Methylenedianiline (MDA)
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tubes (charcoal) for
1,3-Butadiene
HPLC- UV or Fluorescence Detector using XAD-7 tubes coated with 1-2PP for
Methyl Isocyanate (MIC)
Gas Chromatography- Nitrogen Selective Detector using sorbent tubes (XAD-2) for
Acrolein and Formaldehyde
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using Ambersorb XE-347 sampling
tubes for Vinyl Acetate
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using hydrobromic acid-coated
charcoal tubes for Ethylene Oxide
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
Chloroform
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using 3M Ethylene Oxide Monitors
(passive monitor) for Ethylene Oxide
HPLC- UV or Fluorescence Detector using (l-2PP)-coated glass fiber filter for
Methylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate (MDI)
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using XAD-4 sampling tubes for 1-
Nitropropane and 2-Nitropropane
Gas Chromatography using a Thermal Energy Analyzer (TEA) equipped with an
explosives analysis package (EAP) using a modified commercial Tenax resin tubes for
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
HPLC- UV or Fluorescence Detector using glass fiber filters coated with 1-2PP in
open-face cassettes for Diisocyanates: 1,6-Hexamethylrene Diisocyanate (HDI),
Toluene-2,6-Diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), and Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate (2,4-TDI)
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
Vinyl Chloride; Superceded by Method No. 75
HPLC- UV Detector using XAD-7 sorbent tubes in series for Pentachlorophenol
Gas Chromatography- Nitrogen/Phosphorous Detector using sorbent tubes (charcoal)
for Acrylonitrile
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using Chromosorb 106 tubes for
Naphthalene
HPLC- UV Detector using XAD-7 sampling tube for Phenol and Cresol
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using two charcoal tubes in a series
for Ethylene Oxide; Superceded by Method No. 50
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
Ethylene Dichloride
HPLC- UV Detector using two XAD-2 sampling tubes in a series for Acrylic Acid
Gas Chromatography- Thermal Energy Analyzer Detector using ThermoSorb/N air
samplers for Volatile Nirrosamine: N-Nitrosodimethylamine (MDMA), N- « •
Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-Nitrosodi-n-Propylamine (NDPA), N-Nitrosodi-n-
butylamine (NDBA), N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), and
N-Notrosomorpholine (NMOR)
Reverse phase HPLC- UV Detector using sorbent tubes (XAD-2) in a series for
Maleic Anhydride; Superceded by Method No. 86
HPLC- UV Detector using HC1 bubbler for 4,4'-Methylenebis(o-Chloroaniline);
Superceded by Method No. 71
4/86
7/89
12/85
4/85
6/89
3/85
1/85
5/79
11/84
3/89
1/84
10/83
3/89
4/79
10/82
5/82
4/82
11/81.
8/81
4/79
4/81
2/81
2/81
2/81
                        42
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
OSHA21
OSHA 20
OSHA2
OSHA 19
OSHA 18
OSHA 17
OSHA 16
OSHA 15
OSHA 14
OSHA 12
OSHA 112
OSHA 111
OSHA 11
OSHA 108
OSHA 104
OSHA 10
OSHA T338
OSHA R220
OSHA R100
OSHA N607
OSHA H109
OSHA E230
OSHA D639
OSHA D177
OSHA D129
OSHA C107
OSHA B408
Gas Chromatography- Nitrogen/Phosphorous Detector using glass fiber filter followed
by silica gel tube for Acrylamide
HPLC using sulfuric acid coated Gas Chrom R for Hydrazine
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
Ethylene Dibromide
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
Vinylidene Chloride (1,1 -Dichloroethene)
HPLC using collection in a bubbler containing nitro reagent in toluene for
Diisocyanates; Superceded by Method No. 47
Gas Chromatography- Chemiluminescence Detector using two sampling tubes in
series for N-Nitrosomorpholine; Superceded by Method No. 27
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using collection tubes (silica gel) for
2-Butanone (Methyl Ethyl Ketone); Superceded by Method No. 84
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using Chromosorb 106 tabes for 2-
Nitropropane; Superceded by Method No. 46
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
1 , 1 , 1 -Trichloroethane
Gas Chromatography using sorbent tubes (charcoal) desorbed with carbon disulfide
for Benzene
Gas Chromatography- BCD using sampling tubes (Chromasorb) for p-Chloroprene
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tubes (charcoal or
Anasorb 747) for Toluene
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using sorbent tube (charcoal) for
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
LC7 UV Detector using cassettes each containing two sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber
filters for Hydrazine
Gas Chromatography- Flame lonization Detector using OVS-Tenax sampling tabes
for Dimethylphthalate, Diethylphthalate, Dibutylphthalate, Di-2-Ethyl Hexylphthalate,
and Di-n-Octylphthalate
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Defector using derivatizing reagent bubblers
connected in a series for Bis-Chloromethyl Ether and Chloromethyl Methyl Ether
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL56 using OSHA Versatile sampler (OVS-2) -
1 3mm XAD-2 tube with glass fiber filter for Trifluralin
Gas Chromatography/FPD using graphatized carbon black for Carbonyl Sulfide- Not
Validated
E-PERM Sampler; passive monitor for Radon
HPLC/UL53 using midget impinger containing NaOH for p-Nitrophenol- Not
Validated
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography BCD using XAD-2 tube for
Hexachlorobutadiene (NIOSH 307)
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using Tenax GC tube for
Styrene Oxide (NIOSH 303)
HPLC/U using bulk sample for Dibenzofuran- Not Validated
Gas Chromatography FID using charcoal tube for 1,3-Dichloropropene- Not Validated
(OSHA Modified NIOSH 1003)
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL59 using coated XAD-2 tube for
Diethanolamine
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography BCD using OSHA Versatile
sampler (OVS-2) -13mm XAD-2 tube with glass fiber filter for Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (Aroclors)
Gas Chromatography FID using Tenax GC tube for Benzotrichlonde- Not Validated
10/80
9/80
11/81
4/80
2/80
1/80
1/80
1/80
1/80
8/80

4/98
2/80
2/97
8/94
8/79











                         43
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
OSHA A625
OSHA A169
OSHA 2480
OSHA 2450
OSHA 2340
OSHA 2326
OSHA 2222
OSHA 2213
OSHA 2190
OSHA 1911
OSHA 1875
OSHA 1870
OSHA 1794
OSHA -1680
OSHA 1646
OSHA 1538
OSHA 1490
OSHA 1376
OSHA 1372
OSHA 1369
OSHA 1160
OSHA 1110
OSHA 1015
OSHA 1011
OSHA 1010
OSHA 0990
OSHA 0975
OSHA 0960
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography with NPD using silica gel tube for
Acetamide
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using Tenax GC tube for
Acetophenone
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using coated XAD-2 tube for
Trimethylamine
Gas Chromatography BCD using sulfuric acid-coated glass fiber filters in 3 piece
cassette for 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (Fully Validated OSHA 71)
Gas Chromatography- FID using petroleum base charcoal tube for 1,1,2,2-
Tetrachloroethane
Midget impinger containing Xylene for 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin- Not
Validated
HPLC/UL68 using XAD-2 tube for Quinone (Fully Validated Modified NIOSH SI 81)
HPLC/UL53 using midget fritted glass bubbler containing Folins reagent for
Propyleneimine- Not Validated
Gas Chromatography- FID using charcoal tubes for 1,2-Dichloropropane
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using OSHA Versatile sampler
(OVS-7) -13mm XAD-7 tube with glass fiber filter for Ethylene Glycol (NIOSH
5523)
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL56 using OSHA Versatile sampler (OVS-2) -
13mm XAD-2 tube with glass fiber filter for 4-Nitrobiphenyl OR
Gas Chromatography FID using glass fiber filter in Swinnex ™ cassette in series with
silica gel tube for 4-Nitrobiphenyl - Not Validated (OSHA 273)
Gas Chromatography- FID using silica gel tube for Nitrobenzene
HPLC/UL52 using sulfuric acid-coated Gas Chrom R tube for Methyl hydrazine- Not
Validated
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using two Anasorb 747 tubes
in series for Methyl Bromide
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography ECD using OSHA Versatile
sampler (OVS-2) -13mm XAD- tube with glass fiber filter for Methoxychlor
Gas Chromatography- FID using petroleum base charcoal tube for Isophorone
Gas Chromatography- FID using phosphoric acid- coated XAD-7 for Hydroquinone
Gas Chromatography ECD using glass fiber filter for Hexachlorobenzene- Not
Validated
Gas Chromatography- FID using charcoal tube for Hexachloroethane
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography ECD using OSHA Versatile
sampler (OVS-2) -13mm XAD-2 tube with glass fiber filter for Heptachlor
Gas Chromatography FED using charcoal tube for Ethylidene dichloride (1,1-
Dichloroethane) (Fully Validated NIOSH 1003)
Gas Chromatography- FID using two charcoal tubes in series for Ethyl Chloride
Gas Chromatography FID using OSHA Versatile sampler (OVS Tenax) with glass
fiber filter for Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (Fully Validated OSHA 104)
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using XAD-7 tube for
Biphenyl
Gas Chromatography- FED using charcoal tube for Dioxane
Gas Chromatography TEA/EAP using glass fiber filter contained within Tenax-GC
tube for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (Fully Validated OSHA 44)
HPLC/UL61 using mixed cellulose ester filter in series with midget impinger for 4,6-
Dinitro-o-cresol (Fully Validated NIOSH S-166)
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FPD using Porapak Q tube for
Dimethyl Sulfate "




























                        44
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
OSHA 0940
OSHA 0935
OSHA 0931
OSHA 0929
OSHA 0913
OSHA 0873
OSHA 0861
OSHA 0850 .
OSHA 0760
OSHA 0645
OSHA 0618
OSHA 0612
OSHA 0571
OSHA 0529
OSHA 0400
OSHA 0318
OSHA 0225
OSHA 0220
OSHA 0117
OSHA 0115
OSHA 0065
NIOSH 9002
NIOSH 9000
NIOSH 7906
NIOSH 7905
NIOSH 7904
NIOSH 7903
NIOSH 7902
NIOSH 7901
NIOSH 7900
Colorimetric analysis using midget fritted glass bubbler for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
(Fully Validated NIOSH S-143)
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography BCD using petroleum base charcoal
tube for l,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using coated XAD-7 tube for
N,N-Dimethylaniline
HPLC/UL53 using glass fiber filter in series with Midget Impinger for 4-
Dimethylaminoazobenzene -Not Validated
Gas Chromatography FID using silica gel tube for Diethyl Sulfate -Not Validated
Gas Chromatography BCD using coated glass fiber filters for 3,3 -
Dimethoxybenzidine (Fully Validated OSHA 71)
Gas Chromatography- FED usind XAD-2 coated tube for Diazomethane
Gas Chromatography FPD using OSHA Versatile sampler (OVS-2) -13mm XAD-2
tube with glass fiber filter for Dichlorvos (Fully Validated OSHA 62)
HPLC/UL33 or Gas Chromatography FID using XAD-7 tube for Cresol (All Isomers)
(Fully Validated OSHA 32)
Gas Chromatography- FID using charcoal tube for Epichlorohydrin
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL66 using two Tenax- GC tubes in series for
alpha-Chloroacetophenone (OSHA Modified NIOSH 29 1)
Gas Chromatography BCD using mixed cellulose ester filter for Toxaphene (Fully
Validated NIOSH S-67)
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using XAD-2 for Catechol
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL59 using OSHA Versatile sampler (OVS-2) -
1 3mm XAD-2 tube with glass fiber filter for Captan
Gas Chromatography- FID using charcoal tube for Bromoform
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL58 using OSHA Versatile sampler (OVS-2) -
1 3mm XAD-2 tube with glass fiber filter for Propoxur
HPLC/UL58 using XAD-2 tube for Anisidine (o,p'Isomers)
Partially Validated Method- Gas Chromatography FID using coated XAD-7 tube for
Aniline
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL62 using two Anasorb 747 tubes in series for
Acrylic Acid
Partially Validated Method- HPLC/UL58 using OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS-7) for
Acrylamide
HPLC/UL53 using glass fiber filter for 2-Acetylaminofiuorene- Not Validated
Microscopy- Stereo and Polarized Light with Dispersion Staining using bulk sample
for Asbestos (Bulk) by PLM
X-Ray Powder Diffraction using bulk sample for Asbestos, Chrysotile by XRD
Ion Chromatography- Conductivity using cellulose ester filter and treated pad for
Fluorides, aerosol and gas
Gas Chromatography- Phosphorus FPD using solid sorbent tube (Tenax GC) for
Phosphorus
Ion-Specific Electrode using PVC membrane filter and bubbler for Cyanides, aerosol
and gas • •
Ion Chromatography using solid sorbent tube (silica gel) for Inorganic Acids
Ion-Specific Electrode using cellulose ester filter and treated pad for Fluorides,
aerosol and gas
Atomic Absorption- Graphite Furnace using Na2CO3-impregnated cellulose ester filter
for Arsenic Trioxide, as As
Atomic Absorption- Flame Arsine Generation using cellulose ester filter for Arsenic
and Compounds, as As (except AsH3 and AS2O3)





















8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
                         45
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
NIOSH7702
NIOSH7701
NIOSH7700
NIOSH7402
NIOSH7400
NIOSH7300
NIOSH 7 105
NIOSH 7102
NIOSH 7082
NIOSH 7048
NIOSH 7027
NIOSH 7024
NIOSH 6011
NIOSH 6010
NIOSH 6009
NIOSH 6002
NIOSH 6001
NIOSH 5700
NIOSH 5600
NIOSH 5523
NIOSH 5522
NIOSH 5521
NIOSH 55 17
NIOSH 55 16
NIOSH 5512
NIOSH 5510
NIOSH 5509
NIOSH 5506
NIOSH 5503
NIOSH 5502
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Portable L-Shell Excitation using mixed cellulose ester
filter for Lead
Portable Anodic Stripping Voltammetry using mixed cellulose ester filter for Lead by
Ultrasound
Chemical Spot Test Kit using cellulose ester filter for Lead in Air
Microscopy- Transmission Electron using cellulose ester filter for Asbestos by TEM
Light Microscopy- Phase Contrast using cellulose ester filter for Asbestos and Other
Fibers by PCM
Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectroscopy using cellulose
ester filter for Elements by ICP
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Graphite Furnace using cellulose ester filter
for Lead
Atomic Absorption- Graphite Furnace using cellulose ester filter for Beryllium and
compounds, as Be
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Flame using cellulose ester filter for Lead
Atomic Absorption- Flame using cellulose ester filter for Cadmium and compounds,
asCd
Atomic Absorption- Flame using cellulose ester filter for Cobalt and compounds, as
Co
Atomic Absorption- Flame using cellulose ester filter for Chromium and compounds,
asCr
Ion Chromatography- Conductivity Detection using prefilter (PTFE) and silver
membrane filter for Chlorine and Bromine
Spectrophotometry, Visible Absorption using solid sorbent tube (soda lime) for
Hydrogen Cyanide
Atomic Absorption- Cold Vapor using solid sorbent tube (Hopcalite) for Mercury
UV-VTS Spectrometer using sorbent tube (coated silica gel) for Phosphine
Atomic Absorption- Graphite Furnace using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Arsine
HPLC- UV Detection using inhalable dust sampler with PVC filter for Formaldehyde
on Dust (Textile or Wood)
GC- Flame Photometric Detection (FPD) using quartz filter and solid sorbent tube
(XAD-2) for Organophosphorus Pesticides
Gas Chromatography- FID using XAD-7 OVS tube for Glycols
HPLC- Fluorescence Detector/Electrochemical Detector using tryptamine/DMSO
impinger for Isocyanates
HPLC- Electrochemical and UV Detection using impinger for Monomeric Isocyanates
Gas Cinematography- "Ni BCD using PTFE filter and solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for
Polychlorobenzenes
HPLC- UV Detection using impinger for 2,4- and 2,6- Toluenediamine (in the
presence of isocyanates)
HPLC- UV Detection using mixed cellulose ester filter and bubbler for
Pentachlorophenol
Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD) using cellulose ester
filter and solid sorbent tube (Chromosorb 102) for Chlordane
HPLC- UV Detector using glass fiber filter for Benzidine
HPLC- Fluorescence/UV Detection using PTFE filter and sorbent tube (XAD-2) for
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Gas Chromatography- 63Ni ECD using glass fiber filter and solid sorbent (Florisil) for
Polychlorobiphenyls
Gas Chromatography- Electrolytic Conductivity Detector using glass fiber filter and
bubbler for Lindane and Aldrin
1/98
1/98
5/96
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
1/98
8/94
8/94
8/93
5/96
1/98
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94

8/94
8/94
                        46
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
NIOSH 5029
NIOSH 5020
NIOSH 5011
NIOSH 5006
NIOSH 5004
NIOSH 5001
NIOSH 4000
NIOSH 3702
NIOSH 3701
NIOSH 3700
NIOSH 35 15
NIOSH 35 14
NIOSH 35 12
NIOSH 3509
NIOSH 3507
NIOSH 3503
NIOSH 3500
NIOSH 2549
NIOSH 2546
NIOSH 2543
NIOSH 2541
NIOSH 2539
NIOSH 2538-1
NIOSH 2537
NIOSH 2535
NIOSH 2530
NIOSH 2528
NIOSH 2524
NIOSH 2522
NIOSH 2520
NIOSH 25 19
NIOSH 25 18
NIOSH 2515
NIOSH 25 14
HPLC- UV and Electrochemical Detection using.acid-treated glass fiber filter for 4,4'-
Methylenedianiline
Gas Chromatography- FED using cellulose ester filter for Bibutyl Phthalate
Visible Absorption Spectrophotometry using PVC or cellulose ester filter for Ethylene
Thiourea
Visible Absorption Spectrophotometry using glass fiber filter for Carbaryl
HPLC- UV Detection using cellulose ester filter for Hydroquinone
HPLC- UV Detector using glass fiber filter for 2,4-D ((2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic
acid)
Gas Chromatography- FID using diffusive sampler (activated carbon) for Toluene
Gas Chromatography (Portable)- Photoionization Detector using ambient air or bag
sample for Ethylene Oxide
Gas Chromatography (Portable)- Photoionization Detector using Tedlar air bag for
Trichloroethylene
Gas Chromatography (Portable)- Photoionization Detector using Tedlar air bag for
Benzene
Visible Spectrophotometry using HC1 bubbler for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
HPLC- UV Detection using bubbler (Folin'd Reagent) for Ethylenimine
HPLC- UV Detection using distilled water bubbler for Maleic Anhydride
Ion Chromatography- Ion Pairing [2,3] using impinger for Aminoethanol compounds
II
HPLC- UV Detector using liquid in bubbler for Acetaldehyde
Spectrophotometry, Visible Absorption using HC1 bubbler for Hydrazine
Visible Absorption Spectrometry using P 1 i-ii filter and sodium bisulfate impingers for
Formaldehyde
Thermal Desorptibn Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry using thermal
desorption tube for Volatile Organic Compounds (Screening)
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (XAD-7) for Cresol (all isomers)
and Phenol
Gas Chromatography- BCD using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for
Hexachlorobutadiene
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for Formaldehyde
Gas Chromatography- FID & GC/MS using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for
Aldehydes, Screening
Gas Chromatography-FID using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for Acetaldehyde
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for Methyl Methacrylate
HPLC- UV Detection using tube with reagent coated glass wool for Toluene 2,4-
Diisocyanate
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (Tenax GC) for Diphenyl
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (Chromosorb) for 2-Nitropropane
Gas Chromatography- Electrolytic Conductivity Detector (Sulfur Mode) using solid
sorbent tube (Poropak P) for Dimethyl Sulfate
Gas Chromatography (TEA) using solid sorbent tube (Thermosorb/N) for
Nitrosamines
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tubes (charcoal) for Methyl Bromide
Gas Chromatogfaphy- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Ethyl Chloride
Gas Chromatography- "Ni BCD using solid sorbent tube (Porapak T) for Hexachloro-
1 ,3-cyclopentadiene
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for Diazomethane
HPLC- UV Detector using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for Anisidine; UV Detection
using bubbler for Ethylenimine
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/93
8/94
8/94
5/96
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/93
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/93
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
                         47
-------
References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
NIOSH 2508
NIOSH 2501
NIOSH 2500
NIOSH 20 17
NIOSH 2016
NIOSH 2008
NIOSH 2005
NIOSH 2004
NIOSH 2002
NIOSH 2000
NIOSH 1615
NIOSH 1614
NIOSH 1612
NIOSH 1606
NIOSH 1604
NIOSH 1602
NIOSH 1600
NIOSH 1501
NIOSH 1500
NIOSH 1453
NIOSH 1450
NIOSH 1300
NIOSH 1024
NIOSH 1019
NIOSH 1015
NIOSH 1014
NIOSH 1013
NIOSH 1010
NIOSH 1009
NIOSH 1008
NIOSH 1007
NIOSH 1005
NIOSH 1004
NIOSH 1003
NIOSH 1002
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Isophorone
Gas Chromatography- Nitrogen specific detector using solid sorbent tube (XAD-2) for
Acrolein
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (carbon molecular sieve) for
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Gas Chromatography- FID using filter and solid sorbent tube (silica gel) for Aniline,
o-Toluidine, and Nitrobenzene
HPLC- UV Detection using silica gel cartridge for Formaldehyde
Ion Chromatography- Conductivity Detection using solid sorbent tube (silica gel) for
Chloroacetic Acid
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (silica gel) for Nitroaromatic
compounds
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (silica gel) for Dimethylacetamide
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (silica gel) for Aromatic Amines
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (silica gel) for Methanol
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tubes (charcoal) for Methyl tert-Butyl
Ether
Gas Chromatography- BCD using solid sorbent tube (HBr-coated charcoal) for
Ethylene Oxide
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Propylene Oxide
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Acetonitrile
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Acrylonitrile
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Dioxane
Gas Chromatography- Sulfur FPD using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) and drying tube
for Carbon Disulfide
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Hydrocarbons, 36-
126°CBP
Gas Chromatography- FED using solid sorbent tube (carbon molecular sieve) for Vinyl
Acetate
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Esters I
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Ketones I
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for' 1,3-Butadiene
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for 1,1,2,2-
Tetrachloroethane
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Vinylidene Chloride
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Methyl Iodide
Gas Chromatography- Electrolytic Conductivity Detector (Hall) using solid sorbent
tube (charcoal) for Propylene Dichloride
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Epichlorohydrin
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Vinyl Bromide
Gas Chromatography- 63Ni BCD using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Ethylene
Dibromide
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tubes (charcoal) for Vinyl Chloride
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tubes (charcoal) for Methylene
Chloride
Gas Chromatography- FED using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Dichloroethyl Ether
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Halogenated
Hydrocarbons "
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Chloroprene
8/94
8/94
8/94
1/98
1/98
8/94
1/98
8/94
8/94
1/98
8/94
8/94
8/94
1/98
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
1/98
8/94
8/94
8/93
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
8/94
1/98
8/94
8/94
8/94
                       48
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
NIOSH 1001
Gas Chromatography- FID using solid sorbent tubes (charcoal) for Methyl Chloride
                                                                                  8/94
NIOSH 1000
Gas Cfaromatography- FID using solid sorbent tube (charcoal) for Allyl Chloride
                                                                                  8/94
IO-5
Sampling and Analysis for Atmospheric Mercury
                                                                                   1/97
IO-3
Chemical Species Analysis of Filter Collected SPM
                                                                                   1/97
R-l
Collection of whole air in canisters, separation of co-collected water using a two-stage sorbent
trap, thermal desorption, and analysis by GC with ion trap MS detection.

Kelly, T.J., Callahan, P.J., Pleil, J.P., Evans, G.F., Method Development and Field
Measurements for Polar Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
1993,27(6), 1146-53.

R-2
Sampling at 10 LPM using a Teflon microfiber matrix (4-in.-dia. filter) impregnated with 5 ?m
particles of AG-1 anion exchange resin; analyzed using BSTFA derivatization and EI-GC/MS.

H. Burkholder, M. Brinkman, M. Nishioka, J. Hodgeson, and J. Pleil, Anion Exchange Resins
for Collection of Phenols from Air and Water, in Proceedings of the 16th Annual EPA
Conference on Analysis of Pollutants in the Environment, Norfolk, VA, May 1993.

Nishioka, M.G.,  Burkholder, H.M., Evaluation of an Anion Exchange Resin for Sampling
Ambient Level Phenolic Compounds, Final Report for EPA Contract No. 68-02-4127/WA-69
and -80, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, April 1990.

R-3
Collection using three-stage tubes packed with Carbosieve S-III, Carbotrap, and  Carbotrap C;
desorption  and refocusing onto an electrically cooled Carbosieve-III and Carbotrap sorbent bed;
analysis by GC/FID and BCD.

Pollack, A.J, Gordon, S.M., Moschandreas, D.J., Evaluation of Portable Multisorbent Air
Samplers for Use with an Automated Multitube Analyzer, Final Report for EPA Contract No..
68-DO-0007/WA-27, September 1992.

R-4
Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis, 3rd Ed., Lodge, J.P. Jr., editor, Intersociety Committee
on Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, 1989.

        [ 14]   Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (using Saran or Mylar plastic bag sampler or
silica gel) for VOCs
        [205]:  Determination of Fluoride Content of Plant Tissues (Potentiometric Method)
        [301]:  Determination of Particulate Antimony Content in the Atmosphere (using
membrane, cellulose or glass fiber filters and visible absorption spectrophotomelry)
        [302]:  Determination of Arsenic Content of Atmospheric Particulate Matter (using
                                           49
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l


membrane or glass fiber filters and visible absorption spectrophotometry)
       [317]: Determination of Elemental Mercury in Ambient and Workroom Air by
Collection on Silver Wool and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
       [606 A]:       Estimation of Airborne Radon-222 by Filter Paper Collection arid Alpha
Activity Measurements of Its Daughters (Thomas Method or Modified Kusnetz Method)
       [606B]:       Determination of Airborne Radon-222 by Its Absorption from the
Atmospheric and Gamma Measurement (using charcoal adsorbent)
       [804]: As, Se, and Sb in Urine and Air by Hydride Generation and Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry (using cellulose acetate membrane filter)
       [805]: Determination of Chlorine in Air (using midget impinger with sodium acetate and
potentiometric analysis)
       [809]: Determination of Fluorides and Hydrogen Fluoride in Air (using impingers with
sodium hydroxide)
       [822]: General Atomic Absorption Procedure for Trace Metals in Airborne Material
Collected on Filters (using membrane filters) for particulate inorganics
       [822B]:       X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Multielemental Analysis of
Airborne Particulate and Biological Material
       [829]: Determination of Chloromethyl Methyl Ether (CMME) and Bis-Chloromethyl
Ether (Bis-CME) in Air (using GC-ECD and impingers with a methanolic solution of the sodium
salt of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol)
       [831]: Determination of p,p-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) in Air (using midget
impingers with hydrochloric and acetic acids and visible absorption spectrophotometry)
      , [835]: Determination of EPN, Malathion and Parathion in Air (using glass fiber filters
and GC-flame photometric detection)
       [836]: Determination of Total Particulate Hydrocarbons (TpAH) in Air: Ultrasonic
Extraction Method (using glass fiber filters and HPLC-UV)
       [837]: Determination of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) in Air (using midget impingers
with hydrochloric and acetic acids and visible absorption spectrophotometry)

R-5
High volume air sampling with glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam sorbent; solvent
extraction and chromatographic cleanup; analysis by high resolution gas chromatography arid
high resolution mass Spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS), with multiple isotopically labelled internal
surrogate standards.  Analysis based on guidelines of EPA Methods 8280 and 8290.

Hunt, G.T., Maisel, B.E., Atmospheric Concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs in Southern California,
J. Air Waste Mgt. Assoc., 1992, 42:672-680.

R-6
Automated gas chromatography with detection by BCD and FID. Sample collection performed
hourly using a three-stage sorbent trap, with refocusing on a cryogenic
(-1867C) trap for analysis.

Purdue, L.J., Reagan, J.A., Lonneman, W.A., Lawless, T.C., Drago, R.J., Zalaquet, G.M.,
                                          50
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l


 Holdren, M.W., Smith, D.L., Pate, A.D., Buxton, B.E., Spicer, C.W., Atlanta Ozone Precursor
 Monitoring Study Data Report, EPA/600/R-92/157, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
 Washington, D.C., September 1992.

 R-7
 Canister collection of whole air samples; analysis by gas chromatography/multiple detector
 (BCD, FID, PID) method.

 McAllister, R., Bowles, E., DeGarmo, J., Rice, J., Jongleux, R.F., Merrill, R.G., Jr., and Bursey,
 J., 1990 Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program. Report No. EPA-450/4-91-024, prepared for
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Radian Corporation, Research Triangle park, NC,
 June 1991.

 R-8
 Sampling with denuder/filter/XAD resin combinations, extraction, and analysis by ion
 chromatography.

 Eatough, D.J., White, V.F., Hansen, L.D., Eatough, N.L., Cheney, J.L., Identif-ication of Gas-
 Phase Dimethyl Sulfate and Monomethyl Hydrogen Sulfate in the Los Angeles Atmosphere,
 Environ. Sci. Technol., 1986, 20:867-872.

 Hansen, L.D., White, V.F., Eatough, D.J., Determination of Gas-Phase Dimethyl Sulfate and
 Monomethyl Hydrogen Sulfate, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1986,20:872-878.

 R-9
 Four distinct methods: 1) collection on Thermosorb A, solvent extraction, and analysis by GC
 with nitrogen-selective detector; 2) collection on Tenax, thermal desorption, and GC/MS
 analysis; 3) grab sampling with analysis by portable GC/FDD; 4) atmospheric pressure ionization
 quadrupole MS.

 Clay, P.P. (NUS Corp., Bedford, Mass), Spittler, T.M. (U.S. EPA, Region I, Lexington, Mass),
 Determination of airborne volatile nitrogen compounds using four independent techniques.
 Proceedings of Natl. Conf. Manage. Uncontrolled Hazard Waste Sites. Hazard. Mater. Control
 Res. Inst: Silver Spring, Maryland, 1983, pp 100-104.

 R-10
 Cryogenic trapping, thermal desorption, and GC analysis with flame photometric detection

. Maroulis, P.J., Torres, A.L., Bandy, A.R., Atmospheric concentrations of carbonyl sulfide in the
 southwestern and eastern United States,  Geophys. Res. Lett, 1977, 4:510-512.

 Torres, A.L., Maroulis, P.J., Goldberg, A.B., Bandy, A.R., Atmospheric OCS measurements on
 Project Gametag, J. Geophys. Res., 1980, C12:7357-7360.
                                           51
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-ll
Cryogenic trapping, thermal desorption, and sequential GC analysis of two samples collected
simultaneously with flame photometric detection.

Maroulis, P.J., Bandy, A.R., Measurements of atmospheric concentrations of CS2 in the eastern
United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7:681-684.

R-12
Collection on Tenax sorbent, thermal desorption to a cryogenic focussing trap, and GC/MS
analysis.

Pellizzari, E.D., Bunch, J.E., Ambient air carcinogenic vapors: improved sampling and analytical
techniques and field studies, EPA-600/2-79-081, NTIS No. PB-297-932, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, May 1979.

R-13
Collection in canisters or cryogenically, with four detection methods. (1) Ion Trap GC/MS -
detection limit of 1 pptv.  (2) Quadrupole GC/MS with Selective Ion Monitoring - detection limit
of 10 pptv. (3) Gas Chromatography with Photoionization Detection - detection limit 10 pptv.
(4) Quadrupole GC/MS with Full Scan Monitoring - detection limit of 0.1 ppbv. Also Portable
Gas Chromatograph with Photoionization Detection - detection limit of 0.1 ppbv.

Havlicek, S.C., Hilpert, L.R., Dai, G., Pierotti, D., Assessment of Ethylene Oxide Concentrations
and Emissions from Sterilization and Fumigation Processes (PB93-216793; available NTIS).
Final report by Coast-to-Coast Analytical Services, Inc., San Luis Obispo, CA, to California Air
Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, Contract No. ARB-A832-125, 78 pp, May 1992.

R-14
Collection on XAD-4 resin Soxhlet extraction in dichloromethane and then in ethylacetate,
analysis by GC/MS with positive chemical ionization.

Chuang, J.C., Mack,-G.A., Kuhlman, M.R., Wilson, N.K., Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
and Their Derivatives in Indoor and Outdoor Air in an Eight-Home Study, Atmos. Envir., 1991,
25(3): 369-380.

R-15 .
Collection on XAD-2 or PUF, Soxhlet extraction in 10 percent ether/hexane or methylene
chloride, analysis by GC/MS.

Chuang, J.C., Hannan, S.W., Wilson, N.K., Field Comparison of Polyurethane Foam and XAD-2
Resin for Air Sampling for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Envir. Sci. Tech., 1987, 21(8):
798-804.
                                          52
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-16
Air sampling methods discussed with references; minimum detectable levels provided for a
number of particulate and gaseous radionuclides in air presented, assuming standard gamma-
scan-400 to 512 multichannel analyzer - 4 x 4-inch Nal (Te) detector or liquid scintillation
counting, with references.

CRC Handbook of Environmental Radiation, Ed. Alfred W. Clement, Jr., CRC Press, Inc., Boca
Raton, FL, 1982.

R-17
Background information on radioactivity detectors, measurement procedures, quality assurance,
and statistical analysis of radioactivity measurements.

Handbook of Radioactivity Measurements Procedures, NCRP Report No. 58, National Council
on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 1985.

R-18
Collection on Teflon filter and iodated activated carbon, acid digestion, and analysis by cold
vapor atomic absorption.

Lindbergh, S.E., Turner, R.R., Meyers, T.P., Taylor, G.E., Jr., Schroeder, W.H., Atmospheric
concentrations and deposition of Hg to a deciduous forest at Walker Branch Watershed,
Tennessee, USA, Water, Air, Soil Poll., 1991, 56:577-594.

Turner, R.R., Bogle, M.A., Heidel, L., McCain, L., Mercury in ambient air at the Oak Ridge Y-
12 plant July 1986 through December 1990, Y-12 report Y/TS-574, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1991.

R-19
Collection on alkaline-impregnated glass fiber filters, aqueous extraction, and ion
chromatographic analysis using "negative" UV photometric detection with a strongly UV-
absorbing eluent.

Grosjean, D., Liquid chromatography analysis of chloride and nitrate with "negative" ultraviolet
detection: ambient levels and relative abundance of gas-phase inorganic and organic acids in
southern California, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1990, 24:77-81.

R-20
Revision of ASTM Method D-3266, involving collection of HF on alkaline-impregnated tape,
aqueous extraction, and analysis by ion-selective electrode.

Zankel, K.L., McGirr, R., Romm, M., Campbell, S.A., Miller, R., Measurement of ground-level
concentrations of hydrogen fluoride, J. Air Poll. Control Assoc., 1987, 37:1191-1196.
                                           53
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-21
Collection on Nuclepore (i.e., polycarbonate) filters, carbon coating by vapor deposition, and
electron microscopic examination.

Samudra, A.U., Harwood, C.F., Stockhalm, J.D., Electron microscope measurement of airborne
asbestos concentration. EPA-600/1 -77-178, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, 1977.

See also discussion in:
Asbestiform Fibers: Nonoccupational Health Risks, published by National Academy Press,
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D,C, pp 82-96,1984.

R-22
Sampling using a chilled acetone collection medium to trap hydrazines and convert to stable
derivatives; acetone solution analyzed directly for derivatives using a gas chromatograph with
nitrogen-specific detectors.

Holtzclaw, J.R., Rose, S.L., Wyatt, J.R., Ronnbehler, D.P., Fine, D.H., Simultaneous
Determination of Hydrazine, Methylhydrazine, and 1,1-Dimethyl Hydrazine in Air by
Derivatization/Gas Chromatography, Anal. Chem., 1984, 56: 2952-2956.

R-23
Collection and derivatization in toluene solution containing N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-N-n-propylamine
hydrochloride (NBPA); analysis by HPLC and UV detection.

Holdren, M.W., Spicer, C.W., Riggin, R.M., Gas phase reaction of toluene diisocyanate with
water vapor, Am. Ind. Hygiene Assoc. J., 1984,45:626-633.

Dunlap, K.L., Sandridge, R. L., Keller, J., Determination of isocyanates in working atmospheres
by high-speed liquid chromatography, Anal. Chem., 1976, 45:497-499.

R-24
Continuous real-time monitoring based on color formation in a substrate-impregnated tape, with
electro-optical measurement of color intensity.  The unit has a useful range up to 200 ppbv of
TDI, with a detection limit of 1 ppbv.

The monitor is sold as the TLD-1 by MDA Scientific, Inc., Lincolnshire, Illinois.
                                                                       e '
R-25
Sampling  at 0.1 LPM using 200-400 mesh granular AG-1 anion exchange resin; analyzed using
EI-GC/MS and/or GC/FID; methylation and GC/ECD for chlorinated phenols.
                                          54
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l


Nishioka, M.G., Burkholder, H.M., Evaluation of an Anion Exchange Resin for Sampling
Ambient Level Phenolic Compounds, Final Report for EPA Contract No. 68-02-4127/WA-69
and-80, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, April 1990.

R-26
Passive sampling using commercial samplers with activated carbon as sorbent; solvent extraction
and concentration; analysis by GC/MS.

Shields, H.C., Weschler, C.J., Analysis of ambient concentrations of organic vapors with a
passive sampler, J. Air. Poll. Control Assoc., 1987,37:1039-1045.

R-27
Collection on polyurethane foam (sampling for 24 hours at 3.8 L/min), solvent extraction and
evaporative concentration, analysis by GC/ECD and GC/MS (multiple ion mode).

Immerman, F.W., Schaum, J.L., Final Report of the Nonoccupational Pesticide Exposure Study
(NOPES), EPA-600/3-90-003, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, 1990.

Whitmore, R.W., Immerman, F.W., Camann, D.E., Bond, A.E., Lewis, R.G., Schaum, J.L.,
Nonoccupational Exposures to Pesticides for Residents of Two U.S. Cities, Arch. Environ.
Contain. Toxicol., 1994, 26:47-59.

R-28                                                                                •
Collection on glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam or Florisil sorbents.  Solvent extraction,
cleanup on Florisil, evaporative concentration, and analysis by GC/ECD.

Atlas, E., Giam, C.S., Ambient concentration and precipitation scavenging of atmospheric
organic pollutants, Water Air Soil Poll., 1988, 38:19-36.

Chang, L.W., Atlas, E., Giam, C.S., Chromatographic separation and analysis of chlorinated
hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters from ambient air samples, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem.,
1985, 19:145-153.

R-29
Collection with glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam; solvent extraction, cleanup on Florisil,
evaporative concentration; analysis by GC/ECD and GC/MS.

Hoff, R.M., Muir, D.C.G., Grift, N.P., Annual cycle of polychlorinated biphenyls and
organohalogen pesticides in air in southern Ontario 1. Air concentration data, Environ. Sci.
TechnoL, 1992, 26:266-275, and references therein.
                                           55
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-30
High volume or low volume sampling of ambient air. Collection on glass fiber filters and
polyurethane foam, solvent extraction, evaporative concentration, and analysis by GC/ECD or
GC/MS.

Lewis, R.G., Bond, A.E., Johnson, D.E., Hsu, J.P., Measurement of atmospheric concentrations
of common household pesticides: a pilot study, Environ. Monitoring and Assessment, 1988,
10:59-73.

R-31
Collection on glass fiber filters and on any of three sorbents: polyurethane foam, XAD-2 resin, or
Tenax GC. Solvent extraction, cleanup, and analysis by GC/ECD.

Billings, W.N., Bidleman, T.F., High volume collection of chlorinated hydrocarbons in urban air
using three solid sorbents, Atmos. Environ., 1983,17:383-393.

R-32
Filter sampling at 1.5 LPM, total sampling volume of 240-L using PVC filters; extraction using
buffer solution, pH = 4.5; trisodium pentacyanoaminoferrate reagent; colorimetric analysis in 30
min at 475 nm in 1-cm glass cells; paper provides sampling conditions, extraction solvents,
reagents, analytical conditions, and detection ranges for colorimetric determination.

Freixa, A., Magti, A., Application of colorimetric techniques to the measurement of air pesticide
content, Pergamon Ser. Environ.  Sci., 1982, 7: 297-298.

R-33
Gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) using a column (0.5 m x 2.5
mm i.d.) packed with GDX-101.  Phosphene retention time 19 s at 80 C; ratio of H to 0 of 10:3.

Qi,  Xiaofei, Quantitative determination of trace phosphine in ambient air by gas chromatography
with a flame photometric detector, Sepn, 1987, 5(4): 243-5 (in Chinese).

R-34
Chemiluminescence emission from arsine due to  reaction of sampled air with ozone.

Inone, K., Suzuki, M., Kawabayashi, O., Method and Apparatus for Chemiluminescence
Analyses, Ger. Offen., DE 3525700/A1/860206 (German patent), 1986 (reports detection limit of
1 ppb for arsine).

Fraser, M. E., Stedman, D. H., Henderson, M. J.,  Gas-phase Chemiluminescence of Arsine
Mixed with Ozone, Anal. Chem., 1982, 54(7):  1200-1.
                                          56
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-35
Analysis using gas chromatography and an alkali flame ionization detector (N-detector);
acidified aqueous solutions directly injected on the column.

Donike, M., Gas chromatographic trace analysis of hydrocyanic acid in the nano- and picogram
range, Mitteilungsbl. GDCh-Fachgrappe Lebensmittelchem. Gerichtl. Chem., 1974,28(1-2): 46-
52 (in German).

R-36
Collection of particulate material from air, analysis by HPLC with electrochemical detection.

Riggin, R.M., Howard, C.C., Scott, D.R., Hedgecoke, R.L., Determination of benzidine, related
congeners, and pigments in atmospheric particulate matter, J. Chromatogra. Sci., 1983, 21:321-
325.

R-37
Derivatization of amines to the corresponding amides by reaction with a perfiuoro-acid
anhydride, gas chromatographic separation, and analysis by N-selective thermionic detection.

Skarping, G., Renman, L., Dalene, M., Trace analysis of amines and isocyanates using glass
capillary gas chromatography and selective detection. II. Determination of aromatic amines as
perfluorofatty acid amides using nitrogen-selective detection, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 270:207-
218.

R-38
GC/ECD method for 2,4-D salts and acid.

Nishioka, M., Burkholder, H., Brinkman, M., Gordon, S., Lewis, R., "Simulation of track-in of
lawn-applied herbicide acids from turf to home: Comparison of dislodgeable turf residues with
carpet dust and carpet surface residues, prepared for submission to Environ. Sci. Technol., 1993.

R-39
Collection on Tenax-GK sorbent, thermal desorption; gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic
chlorine-sensitive detection.

Matienzo, L.J., Hensler, C.J., Determination of N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (DMCC) in air,
Am. Indus. Hygiene Assoc. J., 1982, 43:838-844.
                       •
R-40
Collection with glass fiber filter and Tenax GC sorbent, thermal desorption, cryogenic
concentration, and analysis by GC/MS.

Krost, K.J., Pellizzari, E.D., Wlaburn, S.G., Hubbard, S.A., Collection and analysis of hazardous
organic emissions, Anal. Chem.; 1982, 54:810-817.
                                           57
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-41
Collection in methylisobutyl ketone, gas chromatography with sulfur-selective detection.
Alternatively, collection and derivatization on the pre-coated walls of a diffusion denuder tube,
and determination by HPLC with UV detection.

Oldeweme, J., Klockow, D., Chromatographic procedures for the determination of 1,3-
propanesultone in workplace air, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 1986, 325:57-63.

R-42
Collection in aqueous KOH solution containing methanol and  hydroxyl amine, to form a
derivative. The iron complex of that derivative is determined quantitatively by absorbance of
530 nm.

Jozwicka, J., Spectrophotometric method for determination of monochloroacetic acid vapors in
workplace air, Wlokna Chem., 1990,16:394-401.

R-43
Workplace air monitoring of caprolactam; collection on filter and XAD-2 tubes or XAD-2 tubes
only; desorption with methanol containing 2 percent water, or with MeCN; analysis by GC or
HPLC. Sampled air volume of 100 L yields detection limit of 0.20 mg/m3 using HPLC  analysis,
and 0.10 mg/m3 using GC analysis.

Nau, D.R., Darr, R.W., Gad, S.C., Pai, S. V., Validation study of a method for monitoring
personnel exposure to caprolactam, Proc Symp. Ind. Approach Chem. Risk Assess.: Caprolactam
Relat. Compd. Case Study, 275-91. Ind. Health Found.: Pittsburgh, PA, 1984.

R-44
Detection of caprolactam in workplace air and toxicol. studies; aerosols sampled on filter AFA-
KhA-20 at 2 L/min, extracted with di-Et ether or a 1:1 EtOH/ether mixture; evaporated, and
chromatographic drying in Cl, analysis by thin-layer chromatography with a mobile alcohol
solvent system; and development with o-tolidine solution or fresh Kl-starch reagent. Detection
limit is 0.005 mg/m3; cyclohexanone, hydroxylamine, and NH3 stated not to interfere with
method.

Ledovskikh, N.G., Sensitive method for the determination of caprolactam in air, Gig. r. Prof.
ZaboL, 1982,10: 52-3 (in Russian).

R-45
Collection by charcoal adsorbent tube (or silica gel tube under  high humidity conditions);
desorption using distilled water then carbon disulfide; analysis of both layers by GC-FID.

Langhorst, M.L., Glycol Ethers - Validation Procedures for Tube/Pump and Dosimeter
Monitoring Methods, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 1984, 45:416-424.
                                          58
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-46
Personal air sampling through polyurethane foam plug; extraction in hexane; solvent transfer to
toluene; analysis by GLC.

Nigg, H.N., Stamper, J.H., Exposure of Spray Applicators and Mixer-Loaders to Chlorobenzilate
Miticide in Florida Citrus Groves, Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol., 1983,12:477-482.

R-47
Headspace gas chromatography is applied for the analysis of water hi liquid and solid samples
with the preferred quantitation technique being standard addition.

Kolb, B., Auer, M., Analysis for Water in Liquid and Solid Samples by Headspace Gas
Chromatography.  Part I:  Liquid and Soluble Solid Samples, Fresenius. Z. Anal. Chem., 1990,
336:291-6.

R-48
Sampling via an activated carbon fiber felt put between quartz filters and determination by gas
chromatography-mass spectroscopy.

Suzuki, S., Simultaneous Determination of Airborne Pesticides by GC/MS, Bunseki Kagaku,
1992, 41:115-24 (in Japanese).

R-49
Collection on XAD resins and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and a
nitrogen-phosphorous detector..

Yeboah, P.O., Kilgore, W.W., Analysis of Airborne Pesticides in a Commercial Pesticide
Storage Building, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1984, 32:629-34.

R-50
High volume sampling with collection on a cartridge containing PUF/Tenax/PUF. Multiple
extraction, derivation, and analysis by GC/MS or GC/ECD.

McConnell, L.L.,  Patton, G. W., Zaranski, M.T.,  Bidleman, T.F., Development of a collection
method for chlorophenolic compounds in air, in Proceedings of the 1989 EPA/AWMA
Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Publication VTP-13, EPA-
600/9-89-060, Air and Waste Mgt. Assoc., Pittsburgh, pp 623-628, 1989.

R-51
Collection with glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam sorbent. Solvent extraction after
spiking with 13C-labelled isomers, chromatographic cleanup of the extracts, and evaporative
concentration. Analysis by GC/MS using electron impact or electron capture negative ion
modes.
                                           59
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l


Eitzer, B.D., Kites, R.A., Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient
atmosphere of Bloomington, Indiana, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1989,23:1389-1395.

Edgerton, S.A., Czuczwa, J.M., Rench, J.D., Hodanbosi, R.F., Koval, P.J., Ambient air
concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Ohio:  Sources and
health risk assessment, Chemosphere, 1989,18:1713-1730.

R-52
High volume sampling with a Teflon-impregnated glass fiber filter and three PUP sorbent plugs
in series; addition of deuterated internal standards; solvent extraction and evaporative
concentration; analysis by HPLC with UV detection.

Arey, J., Zielinska, B., Atkinson, R., Winer, A.M., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and
nitroarene concentrations in ambient air during a wintertime high-NOx episode in the Los
Angeles basin, Atmos. Environ., 1987,21:1437-1444.

R-53
Collection on Teflon-impregnated glass fiber filters and XAD-2 resin sorbent; multiple solvent
extractions with addition of deuterated internal standards, and separation of acid and base/neutral
fractions by HPLC. Analysis by negative chemical ionization GC/MS.

Nishioka, M.G., Lewtas, J., Quantification of nitro- and hydroxylatednitro-aromatic/polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in selected ambient air daytime winter samples, Atmos. Environ., 1992,
26A:2077-2087.

R-54
Sampling with glass fiber filters and Tenax-GC and polyurethane foam sorbent traps; solvent
extraction with addition of deuterated internal standards; analysis by GC/MS with electron
impact ionization.

Leuenberger, C, Ligocki, M.P., Pankow, J.F., Trace organic compounds in rain.  4. Identities,
concentrations, and scavenging mechanisms for phenols in urban air and rain, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 1985, 19:1053-1058.

R-55
Continuous monitoring in air using ion mobility mass spectrometry.

Leasure, C.S., Eiceman,  G.A., Continuous detection of hydrazine and monomethylhydrazine
using ion mobility spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57:1890-1894.

R-56
Derivatization on-column with an alkali metal salt of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to form a derivative,
which is determined immediately by GC with electron capture detection.
                                           60
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l


Kallos, G.J., Albe, W.R., Solomon, R.A., On-column reaction gas chromatography for
determination of chloromethyl methyl ether at one part-per-billion level in ambient air, Anal.
Chem., 1977,49:1817-1820.

R-57
Collection with glass fiber filters and Tenax-GC sorbent; solvent extraction, evaporative
concentration, and analysis by GC/MS.

Cautreels, W., van Cauwenberghe, K., Experiments on the distribution of organic pollutants
between airborne paniculate matter and the corresponding gas phase, Atmos. Environ., 1978,
12:1133-1141.

R-58
Low volume collection on Tenax/rGC, thermal desorptipn, cryofocusing, and GC/MS analysis in
a mobile field sampling laboratory.

Haggert, B., Havkov, R., Design and implementation of a mobile monitoring unit (MMU) to
measure ambient volatile organic compounds, paper 84-17.2, presented at the 77th Annual
Meeting, Air Pollution Control Association, San Francisco, CA, June 1984.

R-59
Method stated to be collection of whole air in sampling bags, with analysis by GC with
photoionization detection.       .     .

Hunt, W.F., Jr., Faoro, R.B., Freas, W., Report on the Interim Data Base for State and Local Air
Toxic Volatile Organic Chemical Measurements, Report No. EPA-450/4-86-012, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1986.

R-60
Mpdified version of Compendium Method TO-8, using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges coated with
NaOH for sampling, with analysis by HPLC. The resolution of the HPLC analysis is improved
by changing the pH of the acetate buffer, and by using a sequential bonding end-capped column.

Bratton, S.A., Sampling and measurement of phenol and methylphenols (cresols) in air by HPLC
using a modified Method TO-8, in Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants,
proceedings of the. 1992 EPA/AWMA International Symposium, EPA Report No. EPA-600/R-
92/131, Publication VIP-25, Air and Waste Mgt. Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 719-724 (1992).

R-61
Adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) onto OV-17 stationary phase, with collection /thermal
desorption on a 2-minute cycle.  Analysis of desorbed PCP by atmospheric pressure chemical
ionization tandem mass spectrometry.  Detection limit 40 ng/m3.
                                          61
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
DeBrou, G.B., Ng, A.C., Karellas, N.S., Near real-time measurements of pentachlorophenol in
ambient air by mobile mass spectrometry, in Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants,
proceedings of the 1992 EPA/AWMA International Symposium, EPA Report No. EPA-600/R-
92/131, Publication VIP-25, Air and Waste Mgt. Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 838-843 (1992).

R-62
Collection of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate in a derivatizing solution of l-(2-pyridyl)piperazine in
toluene, in impingers. The stable TDI/urea derivative is determined by HPLC. Limit of
detection for TDI is 116 ng/m3, limit of quantitation is 351 ng/m3.

Wilshire, F.W., Knoll, I.E., Foster, S.C., McGaughey, J.F., Development and validation of a
source test method for 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, in Measurement of Toxic and Related Air
Pollutants, proceedings of the 1993 EPA/AWMA International Symposium, EPA Report No.
EPA-600/A93/024, Publication VIP-34, Air and Waste Mgt. Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 399-407
(1993).

R-63
Collection of airborne asbestos on a polycarbonate or mixed cellulose ester filter, deposition of
carbon under vacuum, and dissolution of the original filter material. Analysis and counting is
conducted by analytical electron microscopy, with identification by electron diffraction and
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.

Doom, S.S., Burris, S.B., Airborne asbestos analysis by analytical electron microscopy, in
Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, proceedings of the 1991 EPA/AWMA
International Symposium, EPA Report No. EPA/600/9-91/018, Publication VIP-21, Air and
Waste Mgt. Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 226-230 (1991).

R-64
Cryogenic concentration of a 100  mL air sample, separation by two dimensional gas
chromatography, with flame ionization detection.

Fung, K., A method for the measurement of alcohols and MTBE in ambent air, in Measurement
of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, proceedings of the 1991 EPA/AWMA International
Symposium, EPA Report No. EPA/600/9-91/018, Publication VIP-21, Air and Waste Mgt.
Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, pp.770-775 (1991).

R-65
Sorbent collection on Porapak Q; thermal desorption; dual-column GC analysis with FID.

Frankel, L.S. and Black, R.F., Automatic gas chromatography monitor for the detection of part-
per-billion levels of bis(chloromethyl) ether, Analyt. Chem., 48, p. 732-737 (1976).
                                          62
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-66
Collection using filter and sorbent; analysis using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass
spectrometry (GC/HRMS).

DeRoos, F.L., Watson, S.C., Miller, S.E., Tabor, J.E., Hatchel, J.A., Lewis, R.G., Wilson, N.K.,
Evaluation of the EPA high-volume air sampler for collection and retention of polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, in Measurement of Toxic and Related Air
Pollutants, proceedings of the 1986 EPA/APCA International Symposium, EPA Report No.
EPA/600/9-86/013, Publication VIP-7, Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, PA,
pp.217-229 (1986); see also EPA Report No. EPA-600/4-86/037.

R-67
Collection using filter and sorbent; analysis using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass
spectrometry (GC/HRMS).

Harless, R.L., Lewis, R.G., McDaniel. D.D., Dupuy, A.E., Jr., Determination of polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions and ambient air, in in Measurement
of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, proceedings of the 1988 EPA/APCA International
Symposium, EPA Report No. EPA/600/9-88/015, Publication VIP-10, Air Pollution Control
Association, Pittsburgh, PA, pp.613-620 (1988).

R-68
The report documents the measurement of airborne levels of two pesticides, carbofuran and
captan. The sampling medium was XAD-4 resin. Analyses were carried out with a gas
chromatograph equipped with a Hall electrolytic conductivity detector.

Shibamoto,  T., Mourer, C., Hall G., Pilot Monitoring Study of Two Pesticides in Air, Final
Report to California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento, Research Div., Report No.
ARB/R-95/579 (1993).

R-69
The sampling method consisted of a combined filter and XAD-2 adsorbent bed. Analysis was
accomplished with HPLC-UV detection. Fourteen organonitrogen pesticides were evaluated
using NIOSH guidelines and procedures.

Kennedy, E.R., Lin, J-J., Reynolds, J.M., Perkins, J.B., A Sampling and Analytical Method for
the Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Organonitrogen Pesticides in Air, Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J., 58(l):720-725 (1997).

R-70
A method is presented which details procedures used to enhance peak identification. Procedures
include changing column types, column parameters, fractionating the sample, etc.
                                           63
-------
                  References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
 Lewis, R.G., Determination of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Indoor Air by Gas
 Chromatography, IARC Sci. Publ., 109 (Environmental Carcinogens, Methods of Anlysis, and
 Exposure Measurement, Vol. 12), 353-376 (1993).

 R-71
 Air samples were taken indoors after application of chemicals. Residues were low (ca. 0.1
 u.g/m3) during the 30 day sampling period.

 Leidy, R.B. and Stout, D.M. II, Residues of Chlorpyrifos and Dichlorvos Indoors Following a
 Perimeter House Application, Book of Abstracts, 211th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans,
 LA, AGRO-192 Publisher, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1996)

 R-72
 Samples were collected on a combination cellulose ester membrane (MCEM) filter and a silica
 gel Sep-Pak adsorbent. Each was extracted with 1% acetic acid.  HPLC with fluorescence
 detection was used.  Method detection was 0.3 ug/m3-

 Risner, C.H., The Quantification of Hydroquinone, Catechol, Phenol, 3-Methylcatechol,
 Scopoletin, m+p-Cresol and o-Cresol in Indoor Air Samples by High-Performance Liquid
 Chromatography, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 16(18):4117-4140 (1993).

 R-73
 Derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide followed by gas chromatography/ion trap mass
 spectrometry is used to determine oxidation products of biogenic emissions. Acrylic acid was
 also identified and quantified with this method.

 Chien, C-J., Charles, M. J., Sexton, K. G., Jeffries, H.E., Analysis of Airborne Carboxylic Acids
 and Phenols as Their Pentafluorobenzyl Derivatives: Gas Chromatography/ion Trap Mass
 Spectrometry with a Novel Chemical lonization Reagent, PFBOH, Environ, Sci, Technol.,
 32(2):299-309 (1998).

R-74            .    .       •    -
Nine residences were monitored for crop-related pesticides and PAH compounds.

Mukerjee, S., Ellenson, W.D., Lewis, R.G., Stevens, R.K., Somerville, M.C., Shadwick, D.S.,
Willis, R.D., An Environmental Scoping Study in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas -
Part HI, Residential Microenvironmental Monitoring for Air, House Dust, and Soil, Environ. Int.,
23(5):657-673 (1997).

R-75
Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls at pg/m3 concentrations were
determined using high volume air sampling techniques.
                                         64
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l


McConnell, L.L., Bidleman, T.F., Gotham, W.E., Walla, M.D., Air Concentrations of
Organochlorine Insecticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Over Green Bay, Wisconsin, and the
Four Lower Great Lakes, Environ. Pollut., 101(3):391-399 (1998).

R76
Cartridges containing florisil and foam plugs were used to collect air. Supercritical fluid
extraction was used to extract material.  Gas chromatography with electron capture detection was
used for analyses. Detection limits of O.lng/m3 were obtained.

Swami, K., Narang, A.S., Narang, R.S., Determination of Chlordane and Chlorpyrifos in
Ambient'Air at Low Nanogram-Per-Cubic Meter Levels by Supercritical Fluid Extraction,
J. AOAC Int., 80(l):74-78 (1997).

K-77
A patent was filed for a procedure to measure phosphorus. Phosphorus is converted to
phosphorus monoxide which is reacted with ozone to convert the monoxide to a dioxide. A light
measuring device then measures the intensity of emitted light.

Stedman, D.H. and Meeks, P.A., Method to Detect Phosphorus, U.S., patent number 5702954A.

R-78
Ion mobility spectroscopy was used to monitor gases such as HF, HC1, C12, C1O2, and HCN.
Limits of detection were 1 ppb.         .

Bacon, T. and Webber, K., Acid and Halogen Gas Monitoring Utilizing Ion Mobility
Spectroscopy (IMS), Proc., Annu. Meet. - Air Waste Manage. Assoc. (1996).

R-79
PCB and PAHs were measured at various locations. Daytime vs. nighttime and urban vs. non-
urban results were compared.

Simcik, M.F., Zhang, H., Eisenreich, S.T., Franz, T.P., Urban Contamination of the
Chicago/Coastal Lake Michigan Atmosphere by PCBs and PAHs during AEOLOS, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 31(7):2141-2147 (1997).

R-80
Analytical method was developed to determine PAHs in house dust and soil. The purpose was
concentration profiles of PAHs in house dust and track-in soil.

Chuang, J.C., Callahan, P.J., Menton, R.G., Gordon, S.M., Lewis, R.G., Wilson, N.K.,
Monitoring Methods for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Distribution in House
Dust and Track-In Soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(2):494-500 (1995).
                                           65
-------
                 References for Measurement Methods Listed in Table A-l
R-81
A sorbent-based gas chromatographic method provides near real time monitoring of toxic gases.
The system was demonstrated on-site.  Deactivation and passivation techniques were critical to
optimize method performance.

Lattin, F.G. and Paul, D.G., A Method for Near Real Time Continuous Air Monitoring of
Phosgene, Hydrogen Cyanide, and Cyanogen Chloride, Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 2835
(Advanced Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and Remediation) 180-188 (1996).

R-82
XAD-7 is the adsorbent for the collection of each analyte.  Methanol was used as the extracting
solvent. The use of a Stabilwax-DA analytical column resulted in enhanced peak shape and
lower detection limits.

Pendergrass, S.M., An Alternative Method for the Analysis of Phenol and o-, m-, and p-Cresol
by Capillary GC/FID, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 55(11):1051-1054 (1994).

R-83
The impinger method has a limit of detection of 25 ng per 40 mL of solution. The method
compared well with two NIOSH methods.

Wyatt, J.R., Rose-Pehrsson, S.L., Cecil, T.L., Grossman, K. P., Mehta, N.K., Young R.,
Coulometric Method for the Quantification of Low-Level Concentrations of Hydrazine and
Monomethylhydrazine, Am. Ind. Hyg.  Assoc. J., 54(6):285-292 (1993).

R-84
Air is drawn through a paper tape treated with vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde).
The contaminated air reacts with vanillin to develop a yellow color. The density of the color is
proportional to the concentration of hydrazine and methylhydrazine. Method detection is low
ppb.

Young, R.C., McBrearty, C.F., Curran, D.J., Active Hydrazine Vapor Sampler (AHVS), NTIS
Report N93-22149/7 (1993).
                                         66
-------
                                 Appendix B
                Results of the Survey of Chemical and Physical
                          Properties of the 188 HAPs


1.  Table of Physical and Chemical Properties (Table B-1).

2.  Discussion of Polarizability and Water Solubility Characteristics of VOCs.
                                       67
-------
             cs
-if
tN
  .5 ei
    OJD
  u
                                               es
                                           f 1 ***  .

                                           35,=
  fc "Si)

  > ffl
         U
    n
           O
           oo
             O
  O
U
                             U
                      o
                            U
                                                     oo
                                                             00
                                                               00
                             o\
                                 u
                             o
                               o

                       o
  U
                     u
                          £
                                                             U
                                                   CQ
*D

c W
ffl U
                                                               tif
                                                          .o
                                            .
                                            en u
                              68
-------
00
oo
T-4

 
 CU
 o
•a
 a
I
u

*s


 I

C/3
  n
•o
h
1°

, s
d
55
U

1
1
o
O

"">
r*
U
S
&



%
"o
PH
OO
fN
fN




tN
i
fN
o



i
O
o
J2
"ca O
&
U
CO
s
1-H


o
o



O
0
O
V)
1— H
oo
oo
tN
V)
.
IBis(chloromethyl)
ether; C2H4C12O






i
i

3

^
o
oo
ON
fN



t3
5

•*
v>
S
oo

1
oo
fN

CO
CO
fN
tN
V
ON
""•


v!



U
00
M'
:N
fN
i
V)
tN
r-

Bromoform; CHBr3

B^
U
[2
D
s
tA
M
o
IX
i
0
•
fN


'J

V)
O
ON
ON
t

1,3-Butadiene; C4H6


£
B
o
CO
&




1
1

1




1





1
1


!
3
'3
S
VI
Z?

o
i
'v
V

NVINC
t^
d
oo
r--
tN
SO
VI

Calcium cyanamide;
CaCN2


•§
a
s
»
P-I




!

1




,





i


j
o
fN
7
£
•*


=>
ON


U
'A
SO
d
m
tN
4
ro
CO
d
u
ffi
u
1
&
u


•i
L>

»
l>





!

1
1




1





1


j

rr
^<
m


SO
i
^_J


U
00
tN
T-H
0
fN
V)
fN
S

6*
cc
cJ
f






i
S
3

fj<
|

1—4




1





j


!
N
7
.^
**


0
S.
fN


>

JS
O
V)
i
VI
r-
fS
Carbon disulflde; CS






l
l
M
"o
PH
i
0
V)
vd
fN




>»
|
tN



i
V)
d
^
(8
Rt
N
7
-^



0
O
ON



U
oo
r!
V)
i
en
v?

1 Carbon tetrachloride;
CC14






l



3
3
PH

CS










i
i


i
i
§
8
A1-
O
1


o
C)
•o


O

i
-H
OO
•o
00
iCarbonyl sulflde; CC






i



^
PH
ON
fN




S
i




•o
1
JJ
a
VI
O
/C
O
fN


tN
O



U
o
o
ON
g
r^l

1
1


•§
3
-0
CA
U





!

1




1
1





1


!
CN
CS
5
V)
en


\o
*f


D
o
\£5
o
fN
Tj-
 0
3 & '
tj t3 "^
B R b
M 0 °
U (M l
PH 0 8




l
i

i




i
i





J


!
N
7
fN fi
n 5
-, "


vo
3O
ON


8
CO
oo
1
OS
4
>0

\o
cJ
u"
CO
1
u






t
1




1
1

1




!





j


i
i
0
/\
m



o
o
o



| VVINC
ON

V)
O
Vl
s

Chlorine; C12






!



a
3
PH

^




13
00
i
ON



•a
i
X)

N
8
/\
ON
OO
'—'


d



O
V)
ON
00
1
ON
r-

IChloroacetic acid;
C2H3C102






'




i
i

1




1





t
1


!
OS
^
VI
tN


fN
N
,— <*


U
•A
so
V> i
^r
fN
fN
V)
8
12-Chloroacetophenoj
C8H7C1O






1
Jj
3
PH
ej
D

1—4
ro




1

«S

T3
V)
»-H
CO
VO
,0
^
CO
N
rr*
fN
T— H


OO
OO



O
SO
tN
i
O
i
OO

IChlorobenzene;
C6H5C1


•§
0
s
S
OH




i
i

i
i




,





i
i


!
N
i
VI
"*


9
fN


U
00
fN
vi
r-)
t
v>
r-4
V)

IChlorobenzilate;
C,6H,4C12O3






l
S3
"3
PH
Cj
O
jz;

tN



•a
§
tN
t
SO
fN
13
OO

i
oo
43
ca
CO
i
V> fN
OO
d
_4



O
C)



U
O
0
OS
1-H
ro
S
55

Chloroform; CHC13
                                                             69
-------
'•£
 2
•a
 o
 03

"«
 U



1

U
CM
 O
CO
•s
"S
a
S
o
O
















e
5 „
•£j* &>

•rt *
CS

K


fe
•»•*
«












m
In
s


O

>
1
H"
U

«
"o
CL,

^
'•5

,
Tfl
g
O
S
0*
^
%U
*IM O
**3 -^
^
§s
G"
o
P"^
pa
il
^M *5b
> a
•o
s
|"K
c* —
o ^
u
i
i
CO
•a
1
o
U
Reactive'




^9
"3
a,

CN
00
•—1



T3
O
i
^^



c>
o

•a

iS
H
g
Pi

ON
m


O



U
O
^
,
in.
oo
3
r--
Chloromethyl methyl
ether; C2H5C1O

a
"3
PH

C3

Z

CN
in
CN



43
oo
CN
i
m
T3
O
oo

oo


CO
CO

p— < ,2^
43 *^
en 4^
— o
CO M

ON
m


o
CS
CS



0


>n
oo
oo
op
T\
VO
CN
Chloroprene (2-chloro-
1,3-butadiene); C4H5C1
i
i





"o
A.

m
CN
CO



^
^O
1
*"*

1
Tl-
0
o


CB CN






s
CN


0



O


o
S
T— (
m
•n
Cresol/Cresylic acid
(isomer mixture);
C7H80
i





"2
Pn

CN
CN
r«i



-
vo
i
CN


•O
t^-


CB
a
•n
CN
•*^
o\
CN

(-H


O



O


o
oo
»— 4
1
oo
3
|o-Cresol; C7H8O ]
1






1
i


1






1







1
1
O
CN

O
o
V— t

s
CN


CN
1
^


O
o
co

0
oo
r— (
1
OO
T— 1
|m-Cresol; C7H8O |
1






1


1






'







1
1

psl
^N

7

:N


CN
1
^"


0
co

o
oo
T— t
106-44-5
|p-Cresol; C7H8O |
1
1
s
"o
PH


O
Z

^
O
1^"



J3
S^
,i


•o

CN
i


"1
JB
43
_g
o
s

2


CN



U


0
N
T— (
oo
CN
00
oo
rs
5
1
Pesticide; VP range
for acid, esters, and
salts; BP for acid






!


j






1







1





_
r*"! C
r~ 4

2 o
95
« o.
o — .
•-•
O
5
3
X3

i
'
2,4-0(2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid, incl salts &
esters); C8H6C12O3
Pesticide






I
I


i






•







!
CN
CN
'-*.
^i
?

O


m
m
oi


o
CO'

o
oo
•n
in
N
2 u
~ »
"S fS- Z
•3 §> O
" O i , *— I 'jt\^
^"^ «^* o tu
S i O ">>
Q CN -a .a
Q CN -8 o
1 Highly reactive5




43
"o
PH


1






1







!

^2
o
S
^

«?


o
o
X3
CS


U
>
J>

,_
CS
•<*•
1
oo
00
1
ro
1 Diazomethane; CH2N2 |
o
1^
&• *"•{
P-i CN"






1
1


I






i







! '
(U
3
£
"o
J
/CU
&
o

9
U
C5
CN


U
co

CN
CN
C<1
1
1
Properties for
OCDD10






1


}






'







I

—
42
^
"3
M
"&
,§
-o
n ,
O
W
oo


D
>
^

o

1
Dibenzofurans:
1,2,4,8-Tetrachloro-
dibenfuran
Octachlorodibenzofuran
1
1
£
"o
PH
|

O
^

rn
*o
<^i



T3
t-H
1
VO
S
oo

4


1
OO
^H
--^.
*-4
?

3N


oo
O



J


^f
N
00
1
CN
ON
l,2-Dibromo-3-
chloropropane;
C3H5Br2Cl
                                                   70
-------
00
oo
 en
 V
 I
f
_


 v
J5
U
 8?


t/5

pa
—
3



s
I
g
o
U




m
~b
A
o

S

•|
"o
PH

^
•*? ""•
'5 H1 S
R I
^ i
^

,£?
si "§ ""
Si
0

cL
P?
,_,
S V)
•— * r*
£ n
•a
!i
|U
£
*
1
CO

U •

•o
0
1
o
U











I




!

j





i
'

i
s
~^
7
o

m


o
3
"•"

CJ
CO
30
Si
04
i
r-
^.
oo

IDibutylphthalate;
C,6H22O4











I
3
3
I*
5
5
m
vd



*o

oo
i
oo
o
oo
04
,0
a
a
S
1 —
~



1— «


o


CJ

p
Tf

1
^
*o
O
a
u
Q ^
^ ^











t




%

t





t
t
>

i
3
;3
"o
«
fN
O


VO
s
VO
CN

B
CO
p
cs
4
^
°^

3,3'-
Dichlorobenzidine
C12H10C12N2




c-
^^
o
-

s.

PS


-
3
PI
o

i


f-
1**
6
*»<
•a
^ i
oo
ts
"S
C3
§
fl
ffi
oo

•— '


O


CJ

p
*—*
5
V-*
—

Dichloroethyl ethe
(Bis[2-
Chloroethyl]ether)
C4H8C120











1
S
3
i
5
Z
in
in
tN



o
oo
i
13
i
43
KJ
VO
^
?
ts

•— 1


oq
N


CJ

p
^^
1
:s
in
8.
11,3-Dichloroprope
C3H4C12 (cis)






^
3

0 .

OH




'

i






i
t


O
O
N g
^ 3


04
p
W
rn
m

O
CO
p
Si
i
ro
O)
VO

IDichlorvos;
C4H7C1204P
X)
3
3
CO
•*
b
*-~*
L>
3
-> u
S "

PS ^




-

1
1





1
1
1
,
1
S
g
/C
o\
VO


01
o
=>
"

CJ
CO
p
in
o

04
i
*"~i
^

Diethanolamine;
C4H,,N02




C^
"^^
J
3
J
L>

*


a
"o
P*

r^
m


M
5
t
t
r*
ji
^
"5
S
^
oo
o
04


o


CJ

p
in

i
vo
^j-
VO

i»
i|
55











'




i

i
i





i
•
i
i
S
,-H
^
00
in
T

m
W
cs
rn

U
^
p
04
0
^v
— •
«
3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidi
C14H16N202










1
I



i
I

I
I





l
l
i

S
T*H
V
. 	
o
^t

O
S
oq
vo

O

ro
in
04
04
i
o
VO

4-Dimethyl
aminoazobenzene;
C14H15N3










l
1


S3
5
PH
OO
O
•*


-C

-
o
oo
i
a
es
S
,
V
04

'"'


in
O


0

p
N
""
S
^
^^
1
N,N-Dimethylanil
C8H,,N
                                                        71
-------
                                                           J3
                                                        CQ
                                        M
         "82
ffi

CO
oo
           «
                      o
                                 u
 o>
                                               o
                n
                                                        u
                                                                      o
                                                                          u
                                                                                 u
CO

O)
             oo
             <
             u
                             §0
                                                                                   .S
O)
             u
                             p u
u
u
^  s a
   3 U
                                              Q O
88
Q U
                                                          Js"
                                                                         ••*„•=»
                                                       —" Q O
                                            72
-------
  <*J


 1
 00
 oo
. T~(
  tu
  CO

  t
 PL,

 •a
  u

    '
  8?




 05
  HI
  o

 S

 1
 ci
 ca
 H

B
g
S
o

•
"i.
w
J«
O
1
•r
"a
OH

u
S '<3
•**
C>j n
-£* M
Is 1
2 g
OS gF
^
•7 '-*
u .~B o
"S 3. 'w
0? ,25
Q-
o
£"
03
i°»
"S-i "7?h
> a
"S
& ffS
au

i
1
u .
Compound
o
(2
U
a

m
S
CO
0
Q.
u4
1
2
o
f
W



tu
•^
1
g
o
Ll

0
Z
o
s


•a
o

1-H
^H
•a
00
1MH
»

ca
cs

(S

V

cs
CO

o



U

ON
r—
20
t
CO
NO
O
Ethylene dibromide;
C2H4Br2



a>
•a
o
CS
O

£,
O
o
N


"O
N
i-H
N
^*
,
O
•a
•ss
ca «-"

O\
O
in


oo

NO



O

o
ON
ON
2
9
o
Ethylene dichloride;
C2H4C12





i




1
l

t




'



<

! •

>
1
^



S3
d

^


•a
rs
oo
CO
i
00
CO

T3
' '
•S

2
CO
s


—

C5
• — '


>
'>
O
5
00
1
>n
r-
1 Ethylene oxide; C2H4O





l
l




l

'




i



'

•

00
^^
>n
i
T— 4

o
m

O
W
m
i— i


U
00
o
o
1
n
•o

"1

ts
~-
v


m

o
o
CO
cs



U

o
ON
CO
4
CO
1
m
c—
IEthylidene dichloride;
C2H4C12





,



CS
(S

oo



•g




T3
i

CS
in
O
cs
^
7C

^
^

O
o



8

0
CO
O
O
o
m
Formaldehyde; CH20




CO
oo
oo
oo
Hexachlorobenzene;
C6C16





t
l
3
0
2^
A
o
oo
»




co
O

T3
oo
i
oo
CS

43
ca

cs
ts
_<
^

m
o3

O



U
O

00
NO
cs
CO
1
00
NO
1
c—
00
Hexachlorobutadiene;
C4C16
                                                              73
-------
 V?


I
CO
CO
                              V
                                                   u a
                                                                  ••e
                                                                      00
                              00 en
             "
                              U
               8
                                                   u
                                                                U
U
-------
oo
oo
 I
•a
 a
 cs
 a
 o>
A

U

1"
"o

•v.
S 3

C«5J n
_fe» W

'I tf §
2 S
rt §•


a3 2 °
-B S -u.
A  w
•a
• §'8
o. J8
i
o

U

1
o
0







is
o
P.,
£

in
-

•0
,__!
VO
,_4
VO


•a
SI
CN


•s
II
— o
00 «

•^-
^

0
o
o
00
m


8
0
m
00

•
1 Methyl chloride;
CH3C1






t
i
t-4
eg
O
PH
Z

CN
VO
cs


VO
VO
A

p^

4
o

a
a
a '
\7

^f
t~-

o
o
o



U
O
<«r
en
T— 4
VO
1
1
r-
'JT
Methyl chloroform
(1,1,1 -trichloroethan
C2H3C13






1
1


M
o


[ —
CN

•a






T3


4i
C3
O
OS
O
7\

o
oo

m



8
0
rs
m
i
i
X
i
CN
Methyl ethyl ketone
butanone); C4H80
•*
•o
o
ea
g
l^V
%
X
S3
o
I
£

f^.
m

43
•
1
'^
O

T3
fN
I
t-H

o
eg
\7

oo
oo

vo
OS



8
vd
^.
m
i
o
VO

Methylhydrazine;
CH6N2





1.
1
i
«
o
1
Jz;

m
OS '

•O
m
:N

CN
rN


•o
00
ts


f*l
a
eg
oo
»— 4
O
o

CN
r}-

O
O
O



O
o
5-
*— 4
^
00
00


Methyl iodide
(iodomethane); CH31






!


t-4
f2
OH

O
O

43
VO
rj-
in



s
^*

t~\
eg
eg
i

r-~
r-,

o
vd



8
CN
O'
0
^4
O
oo
o
1— f
g
Methyl isobutyl keto
(hexone); C6H120
~u
a
0
g
1^>
•a:
E


M
P-I

o


43

t— 4




»-H
O


43
CO
42
o
eg

O
VO

p
06



O
0
t~
in
OS
oo
CN
VO

1 Methyl isocyanate;
C2H3NO






I


M
PH

U1")
8


o





T)
OO
cs


£>

rs




p
OO
CN



>
0
O
VO
CN
VO
o
oo

Methyl methacrylate
C5H802






I
I


M
OH

CN
vd
CN

•o




•a
o
oo
i
oo
CN

fj
eg
Soluble

m
in

0
OS



O
o
vd
oo
m
4
S
y
u
3
S ^






1
1



I


1
1



1




i
1



i
in
CN
1—4
V

r-
in

VO
OS
m


U
O
CN
VO
CN
Tf
Tf
O

4,4'-Methylenebis(2-
chloroaniline);
C13H12C12N2






I _
I
S
o

%

•*
VO

2
3S .

3S
i— i


oo
CN
f-

^^
eg
C3
10-50/21

o
^

o
OS



8
OS
CN
§
in
r~

Methylene chloride;
CH2C12

»

^
•S





.'


1
1



1




:



!
Insoluble

oo


o
— 1


O
O
00
m
0
CN
oo
oo
VO
o

4,4'-
Methylenediphenyl
diisocyanate (MDI);
C,5H10NA
                                                         75
-------
    g
    "
£•§
                               IS .2
                                                        oo
  g «
         8
                                 O
                                                  U
                                                      O
  CO
                               U
  u
S
ac
                  4 U
*?
 33
 U
o 5
It
    II
                            II
                            1-e
                Z.'-3 U
15
                                           u
                  S o
•S 33
1&
"U

                              0,0
                         76
-------
00
00
 to
tl-l
 o
 o.

 2
PH
•o
 fl
 C8

"S
 U


1
A
U
 cc
 
U
e
u


S3
"o
X,





^
i
i— i
t3
OO
S

.0
Rl

>, u
"BO'S
'.H Q
09 »
00

0
CN


U
O


p
OS
>n
^>
in
r--
M
O
U
1
00




i











|

t



!

>> V
S .£>
M^
~ c
•f\ 05
00
00
1

o
O
CN

U


p
^
*o
D
£
b"
C
1
PH 	
'I
«2
•1
^^
at3













i
i



!

^
g
3
O
O
0

§
W
CN

«


N
5

i
P-.
i
o
PH

S
a
.2
5






i




i

i



!

IE
2
V)
5
— 1

S
rri
1—4

U


CN
CN
CN
i
r-t °*
>n c^
CN ^
Jfhtnalic annyoriae;
C8H403
Polychlorinated
biphenyls:
Dichlorobiphenyl

1

*" c
•N_ §






1




!

I
1



1
1

&
3
J3
"o
en
i-1
ro

VO
N
>n

O
00


50

O
\O V<
CN
Hexachlorobiphenyl

"^





!
i
l-i





O


3
O


CO


o


1 1
oo «

o
CN


8


CN
N
2
••»
s
I
3
S
II
~Z C







CQ
o
j^

2



T3
m

oo
CN
CN



ta

O
CN
O
f~^
ro
1 -t— •
R ?£
1>l
*7( S

o
•*

!O


U
n

CN
S
CN
MS
N
4
Propoxur (Baygon);
C,,H,-------
               U

          *z
                                                     no
                                            II
                                            if O
                                            73 O
                                            '3 a
                                            •f} -C
                                           M
                                  13  !
                            -SI
            U

            AX  C
            > n
                   O
                          O
                            o
                                O
                                                               O
             §c
             O
            U
                          
-------
IU
2
  w
•o
e
. |8'
u
1

1
^^
Compound







53
'o
>



Ti-


•a
•>
in
-0
00
1
oo
cs

43
03
N
\7
cs

CS
o



U
>

in
00
"~*
i
CS
oo
N
1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene;
CJLCl,







%
o
!


in
rs


T3
CS
oo.
00

t
o

•si
o
CS
in
S

q



O
>

3

t
o
o
1
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane;
C,H,C1,







.-
— (
5
)
^-t


!/•>



T3
1—1

5

T3
•S3
03 CO
CS
V
10

o
o
CS



U
^

2

VO
t
O
i
Trichloroethylene;
C,HC1,


3


i
)









,


!

1
00
i
cs
N

CS
S
CS


O
00

g

i
m
2,4,5-frichlorophenol;
caao


3
5
3
i
4









i


i
i

i
cs
\7
g

m
o
S
— ,


8'
00

g

cs
o
00
00
12,4,6-Trichlorophenol;
CftCLO
}
^•s

g

03 tfs
^ 43


3
•M
3
4

DO

^





j

,
3
00
O

q ...



U
£>

cs
0

oo
4
f
N
Triethylamine; C6H,5N


i
i
3 .,
i ^
4









1


!

,
in
s
*
cs
I E
, 1
D
—


8
00



OO
OO
_o
1 ^
So







3
5
>.

M
\



!


\

i
3
1
§5

0



O
£>

q

i
o
m
1 S"
cs '
i. <
cs o









3

rs







T3
1

1
JU
3
3
£
PJ

<



=
r*

OO

in
oo
!
1
c
j







i
3
}

y^
X



43


00
1
oo
cs

43
03
03
3
D
2
VO

o
o
o
*~*


O
>

q

cs
o
1
5\
m
Vinyl bromide
(bromoethene); C,H,Br







J3
>
5

in
in



43
•v
O


VO
1
oo

43
4
>-> o
IN
s

0
o
C3
cs



0
>

m
cs
VO

i
0
m
Vinyl chloride
(chloroethene); C,H3C1







S3
^
a
5


CN



N
O
^-

VO
5
CS

43
03
03
S
O
in
cs

O
o
o
in



U
>

q

in
m
Vinylidene chloride
(1,1 -dichloroethylene);
C,H,C1,







S
5
X
>
£-\

_
o



F
i-


3
-------
                                               S3
                                               §  £
     ,o  a
     t*-i >n
       -4-1
       .2
                                                                    ,o
>  *
3>
                                                                    •8.S
                                                                    J3 a> O
             6fi
          "o Pt
                                       s
                                       —< TJ
                           Sf
                           »^^ . ^*,
                                                 U
                            a?
  o

So
                                                             U
                                                                    u
 
-------
ffi
oo
oo
 V
ja
 o
 2
£
•a
 w

'I,
-a
PH
TS
 a
 U

 g
 
E
1
U


m
0
1
es
"o
- •<
11 \
S *

<
~ Q-,
^* «5 o
2 5^ -ji,'
> "§ "
o
r*
PH
Sa

*•< •-••*
OH OJD
> »

§ -^
||
U
1
d

i/i
U
Compound
c

•3 E e

•S - ">,
co op X!
S o5 ~
lo"|
§ O .2
W > S

1
1
1
I


1
1
1

1
u

*£3
O
HH
00
CS

CN
9
r-
oo


0
00

CN
00
CS
en
o

OS
Coke Oven Emissions:
Naphthalene; C10H18







!

i
i
i
t


i
i
i
•

i
0
o

o
3



CN
WS
— i


U
^

2


•
ON
Coronene







!

,
,


!
1

j

QJ
•43
*O
00
VO
CN

O
O
^o



U
>

p
CN
oo
o
°^
?







!

i
i
i
i


!
i

1
u
'f[
=J
0

1

1
1




7,
1

!


t

Cyanide Compounds:
Hydrogen Cyanide;
HCN
Particulate







I

1
1


'
i
i

i
i.
—
^ C_)
l"—' „
i CN
0 ^
O °^
CN fsj

0
N O

C5

O
0
0
00
' ^


1

C/3
1
"o
0

§
> AJ

ON 'S
2 "°
p^ ^
> «s

,
,


1
1
1

1
I
0
"^
S
o
•3
o "S
oo ^

K
C ^i
1—1 ^


U
g
>
Z

'•


1

Lead compounds:
particulate







!

i
i
i
i


i
.'

!

2

1
I


t

Manganese
compounds: particulate







1
1

1
I
1
I


•'
I

I
1




VO
CO

Io
O CN
O
o

I
00

0
o
VO
OS
Os
r-
Mercury Compounds:
Mercury Vapor







!

,
,


1
•

I
d>
n
•s
o
J

1






U
g
>
Z

1
1


1

1 Particulate







1

j
1


'
i

!
u
Q
3
0

1






U
g
>
2

!


1

J2
"2 ^
(U V.
.3 .s
e M
IS
d fi
to ^ *
2 «a o

C ^g ^f1
a -g -
O w H^
> *H d

i
i
i
t
i


•
!

1
1
u
J3
2
1








g
£

i
i

,
1

Nickel compounds:
particulate





W

OH

I
t
1


1
1
1

:
«
_O
3
«
00
CN

CN
9
t
00


U
00

CN
od
CN
m
O
i
OS





ffi
^j
PH

i
i


•
i
i

t
(U
XJ
• £3
1
U~l
r^


(N
i
^O
l-H


S
2;

0
1


OS
Polycyclic Organic
Matter:
Naphthalene; C,0H,8
Goronene
                                                          81
-------
             M
                  S
               u
                 *"^.

                 OC
              I/)
03

(U
                          o
                                      •a*

                                    1-83
                                    ra  w  x
                                    ft,  b  o
                                    > <2 '-3
          
                                                              v  &>
                                                               -w
                                                        ' r\ •""'
                                                         U o
                                                         a "S
                                II


                                a I
                                eo o
                                S e
                                (3 S,
                                                                     S  o

                                                             U
                                                                  U
                                                      > > o 6 > >
                                                      > > > > OT OT
                                                                                  I
                                                                                  CL,
                                                                                 od
                                                                               5» ^^
                                                                               PH o
                                                                            ffl
                                                                                       W

                                                                                       06
                                                                                       cs
                                                                                       Crf
                                                                                      u
                                                                  (30
                                                                                      •
                                                                                        '
                                                                                              OS
                                                                                              •s
                                                                 T-^    C

                                                               s s    S.
                                                               0^214    £*
                                                               KJ       43
                                                               >  £<    .S3


                                                               h" 2    I
                                                                                          .
                                                                                      « a
                                                                                             §   I

                                                                                             i   I
                                                                                        'o   ^
                                                                                        ^   ,-
                                               82
-------
jperties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals: Volume
£
13
o
D. Mackay, W.Y. Shui, and K.C. Ma, "Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chen
III Volatile Organic Chemicals," Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, 1993.


4 Obtained from the STN International computer database (BEILSTEIN file) .

OS
oo
5 The Merck Index, 1 1th Edition, S. Budavari, ed., Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 19:
\o
VO
ON
. §
s
«
d
c
h-H
6 R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, "Organic Chemistry," 2nd Edition, Allyn and Bacon.


7 From reactivity data in Table B-1 .
nication from Robert G. Lewis, U.S. EPA, March 1994.
Pesticide Reference manual.
12:
I &
8 GO
8 Reactive (?) or Highly Reactive (?) indicates judgment based on properties, personal
9 Personal communication from Robert G. Lewis, U.S. EPA, June, 1994; cited from U
lenzo-p-dioxins", W.Y. Shiu, et al., Environmental Science
^j
Q
T3
Q
10 Data for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and OCDD from: "Physical-Chemical Properties of Chlorini
Technology, 22, 65 1-659, 1988.


11 "Analytical Chemistry of PCBs", M.D. Erikson, Butterworth Publ., Boston, 1986.
Ak by Adsorption on Activated Carbon, Envkon. Sci. Technol.,
Press, Boca Raton, 1979.
Ak Toxics Chemical and Physical Properties," Vol. II, Lewis
G U u
^ s8!
S2 § c & .
12 Electronic Polarizability = (MW/r)[n2 - l]/[n2 + 2] from:
E. B. Sansone, Y. B. Tewari, and L. A. Jonas, Prediction of Removal of Vapo
13,1511-1513(1979).
Values for molecular weight (MW), density (r), and refractive index (ri) are taken fin
(a) R. C. Weast, ed., "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics," 59th editio
(b) L. H. Keith and M. M. Walker, eds., "EPA's Clean Air Act Ak Toxics DJ
Publishers, Boca Raton, 1993.
co, "Handbook of Envkonmental Degradation Rates," Lewis
Atmospheric Transformation Products of Clean Air Act Title III
illy 1993. The reactivity parameter for ak is the atmospheric half-
1 
-------
             Discussion of Polarizability and Water Solubility Characteristics of
                             Polar Volatile Organic Compounds

     Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air consist largely of hydrocarbons and oxygenated
 hydrocarbons, as well as some nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds.  The oxygenated
 hydrocarbons, in turn, consist of several compound classes, including alcohols, aldehydes,
 ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids, etc. For analytical purposes, airborne organic compounds may
 be considered as either nonpolar (i.e., hydrocarbons) or polar (i.e., compounds containing oxygen,
 sulfur, nitrogen, etc.).
     Nonpolar VOCs can be characterized at the part-per-billion by volume (ppbv) level using
 currently available methods.  However, polar VOCs tend to be difficult to sample and analyze at
 trace levels because of their chemical reactivity, affinity for metal and other surfaces, and
 solubility in water. Because polar VOCs include compound classes generally associated with
 higher polarizabilities, we have investigated the general classification of the VOCs of interest as a
 function of electronic polarizability (molar refractivity). Polarizabilities were calculated from the
 relationship:             -
Molar Refractivity =
                                             MW
                                              P
                               nz+2
where MW = molecular weight; p = density; and n = refractive index. Figure B-l shows the data
generated in this way for the VOCs. This plot ranks the VOCs that are customarily identified as
either nonpolar (N) or polar (P) compounds as a function of their electronic polarizability.
Figure B-l shows that the N and P compounds are well mixed in the ranking by polarizability. It
is clear from this plot that there is no clear distinction between the N and P compounds, based on
polarizability, as both groups of compounds are distributed over the entire polarizability range.
    Because of the collection and analysis problems known to be associated with-the water
solubility of certain VOCs, we also ranked the VOCs on the basis of their solubility in water at
25°C. The most useful literature compilations found were those of Keith and Walker (1993) and
Mackay et al. (1993) (see references 10 and 11 in the body of this report). As Coutant has

                                           84
-------
r






























O
o
j_
JS
f\
«™
c
0
Z
•o
0)
•*"*
(D
C
o>
'w
0)
o

Z


3
15
































O
o
^^
^
(Q
O
Q.
T3
CO
"55
c

0. -
a.
z
z
•z.
OL
Z
t.

a.
Q.
a.
o.
a.
a.
a.
Q.
• z
Q.
Z
o-
2
a.
OL
Z
z

z

a.
'ft
a.
CL
,z

z
a.
Q.
S
Q.
a.
a.
Q.
a.
a.
a.
z
a.
z
CL
CL.
a.
CL
^^
^
0) •$. _l
in
&

Q.




Q.
*^t
CL
a
1 1 1 1 III





•s






••3
cd
-8 ^

• FH
•s
.3
c3
^
PH
ey

-o I
"* O
^O
TTl
T3
a
3
o
I-
o
U

^.^
- ^j
CN










_ ^^
o o o o o '
•<*• CO CM •*-
W5
a,
ffi

J3
\
tn
0
o
^

1
1
0
O
1
00
0
JS
'1
"o
^*
c2
01

.—
IS
^
*5
ra
a
^o

Q
1
U

c
_0

3
,£^
1
5

•
^•H
CQ
3
-£P




OTUOHO913
              85
-------
already noted (reference 24), in many cases values reported for the same compound in the
literature differ widely; in many other cases, only solubility ranges are available. As a result, we
have been forced to group several compounds or make selections based on chemical similarity
with other compounds on the target compound list. We have also conducted several literature
searches, using the STN computer data base, for solubility data on individual VOCs. Figure B-2
shows a plot ranking the VOCs as a function of their water solubility. Here, it is seen that
compounds that have conventionally been identified as nonpolar VOCs  are characterized by
relatively low water solubilities, whereas compounds that are generally regarded as polar VOCs
are characterized by relatively high water solubilities.  Classifying VOCs on the basis of their
solubility in water therefore provides a more realistic distinction between polar and nonpolar
compounds than does classification on the basis of polarizability.
                                           86
-------
                                               CO

                                              (X
                                               o
                                              o
                                              I
                                              1
                                               I
                                               £P
                                              o
                                              "o
                                              CO

                                              0>
                                              •§
                                              1
                                              S3

                                              I
                                              o
                                              o

                                              I
                                              to
                                              S
                                             CQ


                                             •S
                                              oo
87
-------
               Appendix C
Listing of the 188 HAPs by Volatility Classes
                   88
-------
         Table C-l. HAPs grouped by class of compounds, listed in alphabetical order
WOCs (Total of 15 HAPs\
(VP25°C > 380 mm Hg)

Acetaldehyde
1,3-Butadiene
Carbonyl sulfide
Diazomethane
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene oxide
Formaldehyde
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloride
Methyl iodide
Phosgene
Propylene oxide
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
                                                  VOCs(Totalof82
HAPs)
(O.lmm Hg
-------
         Table C-l. HAPs grouped by class of compounds, listed in alphabetical order
SVOCs (Total of 63 HAPs)
(10-7 mm Hg < VP25:  C < 0.1 mm Hg)

Acetamide
4-Aminobiphenyl
o-Anisidine
Benzidine
Benzotrichloride
Biphenyl
Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Captan
Carbaiyl
Chloramben
Chlordane
2-Chloroacetophenone
Chlorobenzilate
m-Cresol
p-Cresol
2,4-D (2,4-Dichloro phenoxy-acetic acid)  (incl. salts,
esters)
DDE
Dibenzofurans
Dibutyl phthalate
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorvos
Diethanolamine
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
Dimethyl phthalate
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (incl. salts)
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
1,2-Diphenylhy drazine
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene thiourea
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachloro cyclohexane (all stereo
isomers, including Lindane)
Hexachlorocyclo pentadiene
Hexamethylene diisocyanate
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydroquinone
Maleic anhydride
Methoxychlor
4,4'-Methylenediphenyl-diisocyanate
Naphthalene
4-Nitrobiphenyl
4-Nitrophenol
Parathion
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
p-Phenylenediamine
Phthalic anhydride
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Propoxur (Baygon)
Quinoline
Quinone
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin
Toluene-2,4-diamine
2,4-Toluene diisocyanate
o-Toluidine
Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Trifluralin
Coke Oven Emissions
Glycol ethers
Polycyclic Organic Matter
                                                 90
-------
          Table C-l.  HAPs grouped by class of compounds, listed in alphabetical order
  NVOCs ( Total of 5 HAPs)
  (VP25°C < 10-7 mm Hg)

  2-Acetylaminofluorene
  3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
  4-Dimethylaminoazpbenzene
  4,4'-Methylenebis- (2-chloroaniline)
  4,4'-Methylenedianiline

  WINCs (Total of 6 HAPs)
  (VP25°C>380mmHg)
  Chlorine
  Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid)
  Phosphine
  Arsenic Compounds (Inorganic including arsine)
  Cyanide Compounds
  Radionuclides (including radon)

  VINCs (Total of 3 HAPs)
  (O.lmm Hg < VP25°C < 380 mm Hg)
  Hydrazine
  Hydrochloric acid (Hydrogen chloride)
 Titanium tetrachloride

  SVINCs (Total of 2 HAPs)
  (10-7 mm Hg < VP25°C < 0.1 mm Hg)   *
  Phosphorus
  Mercury Compounds
NVINCs (Total of 12 HAPs)
(VP25°C < 10-7 mm Hg)
Asbestos
Calcium cyanamide
Antimony Compounds
Beryllium Compounds
Cadmium Compounds
Chromium Compounds
Cobalt Compounds
Lead Compounds
Manganese Compounds
Fine mineral fibers
Nickel Compounds
Selenium  Compounds
Note: A number of HAPs can be categorized in more than one compound class, e.g. mercury compounds in vapor
and particulate forms (SVINC and NVINC). In such cases, the HAPs have been assigned in this table based on the
vapor pressure of the most volatile species present in ambient air. Thus, for example, mercury compounds have
been assigned to the SVINC category using this rationale, although they are present in ambient air in both SVINC
and NVINC forms.
                                              91
-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                   (PLEASE READ INSTRUCTIONS ON THE REVERSE BEFORE COMPLETING)
 1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-454/R-QO-016
                                                         3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  AMBIENT MEASUREMENT METHODS AND PROPERTIES OF THE
  188 CLEAN AIR ACT HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
                         5. REPORT DATE
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  MICHAEL HOLDREN, SUSAN ABBGY, MELINDA ARMBRUSTER,
  VASU KILARU. LARA AUTRY
                                                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
  505 KING AVENUE
  COLUMBUS, OH 43201-2693
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
  OFFICE OF AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
  RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27711
                                                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  THIS FINAL REPORT DESCRIBES WORK CONDUCTED BY BATTELLE TO IDENTIFY AMBIENT AIR
  MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR THE 188 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (HAPS) DESIGNATED IN TITLE HI OF
  THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1990. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DOCUMENT
  THE STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR EACH OF THE 188 HAPS IN AMBIENT AIR.
  THIS REPORT IS ESSENTIALLY AN UPDATE OF THE MEASUREMENT METHODS REVIEW PREVIOUSLY
  CONDUCTED IN 1993 FOR THE U.S. EPA (AMBIENT MEASUREMENT METHODS AND PROPERTIES OF THE 189,
  CLEAN AIR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS - NTIS NO: PB95-123923). THE CURRENT HAPS LIST CONTAINS
  188 COMPOUNDS-CAPROLACTAM HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THIS LIST.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
  DESCRIPTORS
  HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS, HAPS, AMBIENT
  AIR METHODS.
             b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
C. COSATl FIELD/GROUP
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  UNLIMITED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                         22. PRICE
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
-------