United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA454/R-96-005
October 1996
Air
&EPA National Air Quality and
Emissions Trends Report, 1995
CO
O3 PM10 SO2
Metropolitan Area Trends
Percentage of Areas with Significant
Upward or Downward Trends,
1986-1995
Downward Trend
[Tj No Significant Trend
Upward Trend
-------
-------
454/R-96-005
National Air Quality and
Emissions Trends Report,
1995
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division
Air Quality Trends Analysis Group
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
;
October 1996
^& Printed on recycled paper.
-------
About the Cover
The display featured on the cover of this year's report provides
an overall look at the status of ambient air quality trends for the
six criteria pollutants over the past ten years. The bar graph
shows, for each pollutant, the percentage of Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the last decade that have a
statistically significant upward trend (the red portion of the
bars); the percentage of MSAs that have a statistically
significant downward trend (the green portion); and the
percentage that have no significant trend (the gray portion). The
small percentage of upward trends and the relative abundance
of downward trends shows that air quality continues to improve
in many of our nation's largest metropolitan areas. Additional
information on trends in MSAs as well as the data contributing
to this graphical display are contained in Chapter 6 of this
report.
Disclaimer
This report has been reviewed and approved for publication by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards. Mention of trade names or
commercial products are not intended to constitute endor-
sement or recommendation for use.
Acknowledgments
The Trends Team would like to acknowledge Kate Ramoth of
Indus Corporation for assistance with layout design, tables, and
graphics; the parties who reviewed this report prior to
publication for their comments; and the following individuals
for their extensive contributions in a variety of areas: Willis Beal,
Dr. Shao-Hang Chu, William Cox, Jack Edwardson, David
Misenheimer, Sharon Nizich, Anne Pope, and Dr. Albert Wehe.
-------
Preface
This is the twenty-third annual report on air pollution trends in
the United States issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The report is prepared by the Air Quality Trends
Analysis Group (AQTAG) in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina and is directed toward both the technical air pollution
audience and other interested parties and individuals. AQTAG
solicits comments on this report and welcomes suggestions
regarding techniques, interpretations, conclusions, or methods
of presentation. Please forward any response to the Trends
Team, (MD-14) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air
Quality Trends Analysis Group, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, 27711.
For additional air quality data, readers can access the
Aerometric Information Retrieval System's (AIRS) executive
software from the AIRS bulletin board system on the Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards' (OAQPS) Technology
Transfer Network (TTN). Electronic copies of trends graphics
and spreadsheets can be obtained from the Ambient Monitoring
Technology Information Center (AMTIC) bulletin board system of
the TTN. To gain access by modem, dial 919-541-5742. Internet
users can access EPA's homepage at: (http://www.epa.gov), or the
TTN at the following World Wide Web address: (http://
ttnwww.rtpnc.epa.gov). For help in accessing OAQPS' TTN, dial
919-541-5384.
Ill
-------
IV
-------
Contents
CHAPTER 1
Executive Summary 1
References 5
CHAPTER 2
Air Quality* Trends 7
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 10
Lead(Pb) 14
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 18
Ozone (O3) 21
Particulate Matter (PM-10) 26
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 29
Visibility 33
References 38
CHAPTERS
PAMS: Enhanced Ozone & Precursor Monitoring 39
References and Notes 47
CHAPTER 4
Air Toxics 49
The Air Toxics Program 49
Air Toxics Regulation and Implementation Status 51
Notes 58
CHAPTERS
Nonattainment Areas .59
Notes 62
CHAPTER 6
Metropolitan Area Trends 63
Metropolitan Statistical Area Trends Analysis 63
The Pollutant Standards Index 63
Summary of PSI Analyses 64
References 66
APPENDIX A
Data Tables 67
APPENDIX B
Methodology 163
-------
VI
-------
Figures
Figure 1-1. Summary of emissions changes for all six NAAQS pollutants between 1970 and 1995 ....2
Figure 1-2. Total U.S. population, 1970-1995 3
Figure 1-3. Total U.S. vehicle miles traveled, 1970-1995 .'. 3
Figure 1-4. Total U.S. gross domestic product, 1970-1995 .....3
Figure 1-5. Number of people living in counties with air quality levels above the NAAQS in 1995 4
Figure 2-1. Trend in second maximum non-overlapping 8-hour average CO concentrations, 1986-1995 10
Figure 2-2. National total CO emissions trend, 1986-1995 11
Figure 2-3. CO emissions by source category, 1995 11
Figure 2-4. CO second maximum 8-hour concentration trends by location, 1986-1995 12
Figure 2-5. Highest CO second maximum 8-hour concentration by county, 1995 12
Figure 2-6. Long-term ambient CO trend, 1976-1995 13
Figure 2-7. Trend in maximum quarterly average Pb concentrations, 1986-1995 14
Figure 2-8. National total Pb emissions trend, 1986-1995 14
Figure 2-9. Pb maximum quarterly mean concentration trends by location, 1986-1995 15
Figure 2-10. Long-term ambient Pb trend, 1976-1995 15
Figure 2-11. Pb emissions by source category, 1995 16
Figure 2-12. Pb maximum quarterly concentration in the vicinity of Pb point sources, 1995 16
Figure 2-13. Highest Pb maximum quarterly mean concentration by county, 1995 17
Figure 2-14. Trend in annual NO2 concentrations, 1986-1995 18
Figure 2-15. National total NOX emissions trend, 1986-1995 19
Figure 2-16. NOX emissions by source category, 1995 19
Figure 2-17. NO2 annual mean concentration trends by location, 1986-1995 19
Figure 2-18. Highest NO2 annual mean concentration by county, 1995 20
Figure 2-19. Trend in annual second daily maximum 1-hour O3 concentrations, 1986-1995 22
Figure 2-20. O3 second daily maximum 1-hour concentration trends by location, 1986-1995 22
Figure 2-21. O3 meteorologically-adjusted trend 23
Figure 2-22. Highest O3 second daily maximum concentration by county, 1995 23
Figure 2-23. Long-term ambient O3 trend, 1976-1995 .'. 24
Figure 2-24. National total VOC emissions trend, 1986-1995 24
Figure 2-25. VOC emissions by source category, 1995 25
Figure 2-26. Trend in annual mean PM-10 concentrations, 1988-1995 27
Figure 2-27. National total PM-10 emissions trend, 1988-1995 (traditionally inventoried sources only) 27
Figure 2-28. PM-10 annual mean concentration trends by location, 1988-1995 27
Figure 2-29. PM-10 emissions from traditionally inventoried source categories, 1995 28
Figure 2-30. PM-10 total emissions by source category, 1995 28
Figure 2-31. Highest second maximum 24-hour PM-10 concentration by county, 1995 28
Figure 2-32. Highest second maximum 24-hour SO2 concentration by county, 1995 30
Figure 2-33. Trend in annual mean SO2 concentrations, 1986-1995 30
Figure 2-34. National total SO2 emissions trend, 1986-1995 31
Figure 2-35. SO2 total emissions by source category, 1995 31
Figure 2-36. SO2 annual mean concentration trends by location, 1986-1995 32
Figure 2-37. Long-term ambient SO2 trend, 1976-1995 32
Figure 2-38. Trend of haze from airport visual data (July-September) 34
Figure 2-39. Annual average light extinction, 1992-1995 IMPROVE data 35
Figure 2-40. Annual average visibility impairment in deciviews, 1992-1995 IMPROVE data 36
Figure 2-41. Shenandoah National Park on clear and hazy days, and the effect of adding
10 ug/m3 fine particles to each 37
Figure 3-1. PAMS 1994-1995 changes in benzene levels compared to California benzene trend (CARB) 43
VII
-------
Figure 4-1. HAP emissions by source category, 1990
Figure 4-2. HAP emissions by state, 1990
Figure 4-3. MACT source categories
Figure 4-4. Emissions reductions, >5000 tons per year.
Figure 4-5. Emissions reductions, <5000 tons per year.
Figure 5-1. Location of nonattainment areas for criteria pollutants..
Figure 5-2. O3 nonattainment areas by degree of severity.
Figure 6-1. Number of days with PSI values > 100,1986-1995
Figure B-l. CO monitoring network, 1995
Figure B-2. Pb monitoring network, 1995
Figure B-3. NO2 monitoring network, 1995.
Figure B-4. O3 monitoring network, 1995
Figure B-5. PM-10 monitoring network, 1995
Figure B-6. SO2 monitoring network, 1995
...51
...51
...54
...57
...57
...59
...60
...65
.165
.165
.166
.166
.167
.167
VIII
-------
Tables
Table 2-1. NAAQS in Effect in 1995 7
Table 3-1. Metropolitan Areas Requiring PAMS 39
Table 3-2. PAMS Target List of VOCs 40
Table 3-3. Summary of Mean Concentration Changes for Selected VOCs, 1994-1995 42
Table 3-4. Most Abundant Targeted VOCs at Type 2 PAMS Sites-Summer 1995 , 44
Table 3-5. Top Reactivity-Weighted Targeted VOCs at Type 2 PAMS Sites-Summer 1995 45
Table 3-6. Summer 6-9 a.m. VOONOx Ratios at Type 2 PAMS Sites, 1994-1995 46
Table 4-1. 37 Toxic Pollutants—Ranked by Annual Emissions Totals 52
Table 4-2. Top 20 Sources of Toxic Emissions for 37 Toxic Pollutants 53
Table 4-3. Major Pollutants Controlled by Promulgated MACT Standards (All 2- and 4-Year Standards) 55
Table 5-1. Number of Nonattainment Areas for NAAQS Pollutants .'. 61
Table 6-1. Summary of MSA Trend Analysis, by Pollutant 64
Table 6-2. Pollutant Standards Index Values with Pollutant Concentration, Health Descriptors, and PSI Colors ... 65
Table A-l. National Air Quality Trends Statistics for Criteria Pollutants, 1986-1995 68
Table A-2. National Carbon Monoxide Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons) 70
Table A-3. National Lead Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (short tons) 71
Table A-4. National Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons) 72
Table A-5. National Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons) 73
Table A-6. National Particulate Matter (PM-10) Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons) 74
Table A-7. Miscellaneous and Natural Source PM-10 Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons) 74
Table A-8. National Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons) 75
Table A-9. National Long-Term Air Quality Trends, 1976-1995 76
Table A-10. National Air Quality Trends Statistics by Monitoring Location, 1986-1995 77
Table A-ll. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 78
Table A-12. Operating Surface PAMS Sites - Ozone Summary, 1995 92
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994 -1995 '. 94
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994 -1995 117
Table A-15. Condensed Nonattainment Areas List 125
Table A-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995 129
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 136
Table A-18. Number of Days with PSI Values Greater Than 100 at Trend Sites, 1986-1995, and All Sites in 1995.... 157
Table A-19. (Ozone Only) Number of Days with PSI Values Greater Than 100 at Trend Sites, 1986-1995,
and All Sites in 1995 159
Table A-20. Total Number of Days with PSI Values Greater than 100 at Trend Sites-Summary, 1986-1995 161
Table A-21. Emissions Reductions for Regulations Promulgated in 1990-1995 162
Table B-l. Number of Ambient Monitors Reporting Data to AIRS 163
IX
-------
-------
List of Acronyms
AIRS
CAA
CAAA
CARB
CASAC
CEM
CFR
CO
DST
EPA
GDP
HAPs
IMPROVE
MACT
MARAMA
MSA
NAAQS
NAMS
NARSTO
NESCAUM
NO2
NOx
NTI
03
PAMS
Pb
PM-10
PSI
RFC
SLAMS
S02
TRI
TSP
VMT
VOCs
Aerometric Infonnation Retrieval System
Clean Air Act
Clean Air Act Amendments
California Air Resources Board
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee
Continuous Emissions Monitors
Code of Federal Regulations
Carbon Monoxide
Daylight Savings Time
Environmental Protection Agency
Gross Domestic Product
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Environments
Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association
Metropolitan Statistical Area
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
National Air Monitoring Stations
North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
Nitrogen Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
National Toxics Inventory
Ozone
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations
Lead
Particulate Matter of 10 micrometers in diameter or less
Pollutant Standards Index
Reformulated Gasoline
State and Local Air Monitoring Stations
Sulfur Dioxide
Toxic Release Inventory
Total Suspended Particulate
Vehicle Miles Traveled
Volatile Organic Compounds
XI
-------
XII
-------
CHAPTER 1
Executive Summary
This is the twenty-;third annual report docu-
menting air pollution trends in the United
States.1"22 The primary emphasis of this report
is on those pollutants for which the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
has established National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS). EPA set these standards
to protect public health and welfare. Primary
standards are designed to protect public health,
including sensitive populations such as
children and the elderly, while secondary
standards protect public welfare, such as the
effects of air pollution on vegetation, materials,
and visibility. There are six criteria pollutants
with primary standards: carbon monoxide
(CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone
(O3), particulate matter whose aerodynamic
size is less than or equal to 10 micrometers (PM-
10), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
This report tracks two kinds of trends for
the criteria pollutants. Air quality concen-
trations are based on actual direct measure-
ments of pollutant concentrations in the air at
selected monitoring sites across the country,
while emissions are calculated estimates of the
total tonnage of these pollutants released into
the air annually. Emissions estimates are
derived from many factors, including the level
of industrial activity, technology changes, fuel
consumption, vehicle miles traveled (VMT),
and other activities that cause air pollution.
Emissions numbers also reflect changes in air
pollution regulations and the installation of
controls on the sources of emissions.
Additional information on emissions estimates
are contained in the companion report, National
Air Pollutant Emission Trends, 1900-1995.23
The criteria pollutant analyses reported in
Chapter 2 focus primarily on 10-year trends.
Long-term trends based on available data from
the 1970s and early 1980s are also provided.
Additionally, changes in pollutant
concentrations over the past year, and one-year
snapshots of pollutant concentrations and
emissions categories for 1995 are presented.
Figure 1-1 summarizes the long-term
changes in emissions for all six NAAQS
pollutants between 1970 and 1995. Emissions
are used to portray long-term trends because
they are available for longer time periods than
air quality concentrations. The figure shows
that emissions for all criteria pollutants except
nitrogen oxides decreased between 1970 and
1995, the greatest improvement being a 98
percent decrease in lead emissions. These
reductions occurred during a period of sig-
nificant population and economic growth.
Since 1970, total U.S. population increased 28
percent, VMT increased 116 percent, and the
gross domestic product increased 99 percent, as
noted,in Figures 1-2 through 1-4.
Ten-year trends in air quality and em-
issions are summarized below:
Ten-Year Air Quality and Emissions Trends
1986-1995
X. JSiiaA...*..*
Improvements in air quality between 1986
and 1995 are a direct result of effective imple-
mentation of clean air laws and regulations.
Despite the growth in U.S. population,24 total
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
VMT,25 and gross domestic product24 since
1970, there is strong evidence of a general trend
of air quality improvement. This improvement
is supported by the observed decrease in
emissions of all criteria pollutants over the past
10 years.
While progress has been made, it is im-
portant not to lose sight of the magnitude of the
air pollution problem that still remains. Based
upon monitoring data submitted to EPA's data
base, approximately 80 million people in the
United States reside in counties that did not
meet the air quality standard for at least one of
the NAAQS pollutants for the single year 1995.
Ground level ozone is the largest problem,
based on both population and number of areas
not meeting the standards. In 1995,71 million
people lived in counties that exceeded the
ozone standard. These exceedances are due in
part to the hot, dry summer which was
conducive to ozone formation. However, 1995
is the fourth consecutive year that every
monitoring site in the country met the NO2
Million Short Tons/Year
150
125
100
' 75
standard. With respect to SO2, it is important
to note that while most monitoring sites are
currently meeting ambient standards, SO2
problems in the United States are usually
localized and are caused by point sources that
are typically identified by modeling rather than
by routine ambient monitoring.
The population estimates in Figure 1-5 are
based upon only a single year of data, 1995, and
only consider counties with monitoring data
for each pollutant. These population estimates
are intended to provide a relative measure of
the extent of the problem for each pollutant in
1995. An individual living in a county may not
actually be exposed to unhealthy air.
The number of people living in
nonattainment areas as of August 1996 was
approximately 127 million (based on the formal
designations of nonattainment areas) as op-
posed to 80 million (based on those counties
with air quality data that exceeded at least one
NAAQS in 1995). There are two reasons for
this difference in population estimates. First,
Thousand Short Tons/Year
250
200
150
100
CO (-28%) NOx(+6%) VOC(-25%) PM-10(-79%) SO2(-41%)
Pb (-98%)
TrTSTrf s
...^Ji&Mi^ * -11
V«^™M^*V&**^ *"*%** •*,*•* 4
J^Wt^Jsm;^ H 1* ^- y^
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
formal designations particularly for ozone may
encompass entire metropolitan areas rather
than just the county with the monitor. Second,
formal designations are based on multiple
years of data (rather than the most recent
calender year) to account for a broader range of
meteorological conditions.
While this report emphasizes trends in the
six criteria pollutants, it also features infor-
mation on related topics. Chapter 3 highlights
the expanding Photochemical Assessment
Monitoring Stations (PAMS) program, which is
an intensive monitoring network set up to
increase our knowledge of the underlying
causes of ozone pollution and potential control
strategies. PAMS monitoring sites are located
in all ozone nonattainment areas classified as
serious, severe, or extreme nonattainment
areas. The 22 affected areas collect measur-
ements of ozone, NOX, and VOCs, as well as
surface and upper air meteorology. While the
hot dry summer in 1995 resulted in increases in
ozone levels in many parts of the country
between 1994 and 1995, the majority of the
PAMS sites showed decreases in the
116% Increase, 1970 to 1995
Millions of Ffeople
1970 1975 1960 1985 1990 1995
28% Increase, 1970 to 1995
99% Increase, 1970 to 1995
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
70.8
Any NAAQS
79.8
20 40 60 80
Millions of Persons
100
concentrations of toxics and ozone-forming
VOCs. Under more normal summertime
conditions, meteorological conditions such
VOC reductions would likely lead to; decreases
in ozone levels.
Chapter 4 presents information on air
toxics, another set of pollutants regulated
under the Clean Air Act which are known to
cause, or suspected of causing, cancer or other
serious health effects. This is the first year EPA
has reported air toxic emissions based on the
new, more extensive National Toxics Inventory
(NTI). Data from the Toxics Release Inventory
(TKl) were used as the foundation of this new
national inventory. The development of NTI
represents a significant improvement in charac-
terization of air toxics because NTI shows that
mobile and areas sources, which are not
included in TRI, account for 70 percent of
hazardous air pollutant emissions.
Chapter 5 summarizes the current status of
nonattainment areas (those not meeting am-
bient air quality standards). Under the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990, there were 274
areas designated nonattainment for at least one
ambient standard. As of September 1996,174
areas are still designated nonattainment, with
particulate matter having the largest number
(81), and ozone the second largest number (68)
of areas. The current nonattainment areas for
each criteria pollutant are displayed on one
map in this chapter, while a second map depicts
ozone nonattainment areas alone, color-coded
to indicate the severity of the ozone problem in
each area.
Chapter 6 characterizes air quality on a
more local level in three ways. First, the
chapter lists peak statistics for 1995 for each
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Second,
10-year trends are assessed for each MSA using
a statistical method which is new to this year's
report. The results show that 16 MSAs have a
statistically significant upward trend in at least
one criteria pollutant, while 204 MSAs have a
statistically significant downward trend in at
least one criteria pollutant. The third way in
which local air quality is evaluated is by
looking at the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI)
for the nation's 94 largest MSAs. The PSI
analysis shows that between 1986 and 1995 the
total number of "unhealthful" days decreased
54 percent in Los Angeles, 35 percent in
Riverside, California, and 58 percent in the
remaining major cities across the United States.
Finally, expanded tables of the air quality
concentrations and emissions data described
throughout this report are provided in
Appendix A. Appendix B summarizes the
methodology which is the basis for the trends
statistics presented throughout this report, and
also provides maps of the current monitoring
network for each criteria pollutant.
4
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
References
1. The National Air Monitoring Program: Air
Quality and Emissions Trends - Annual Report,
EPA-450/l-73-001a andb, U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711, July 1973.
2. Monitoring and Air Quality Trends Report,
1972, EPA-450/1-73-004, U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711, December 1973.
3. Monitoring and Air Quality Trends Report,
1973, EPA-450/1-74-007, U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711, October 1974.
4. Monitoring and Air Quality Trends Report,
1974, EPA-450/1-76-001, U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711, February 1976.
5. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1975, EPA-450/1-76-002, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, November 1976.
6. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1976, EPA-450/1-77-002, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, December 1977.
7. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1977, EPA-450/2-78-052, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, December 1978.
8. 1980 Ambient Assessment - Air Portion,
EPA-450/4-81-014, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27711, December 1978.
9. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1981, EPA-450/4-83-011, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, April 1983.
10. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1982, EPA-450/4-84-002, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, March 1984.
11. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1983, EPA-450/4-84-029, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, April 1985.
12. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1984, EPA-450/4-86-001, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, February 1986.
13. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1985, EPA-450/4-87-001, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, February 1987.
14. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1986, EPA-450/4-88-001, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, February 1988.
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
15. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1987, EPA-450/4-89-001,U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, March 1989.
16. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1988, EPA-450/4-90-002, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, March 1990.
17. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1989, EPA-450/4-91-003, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, February 1991.
18. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1990, EPA-450/4-91-023, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, November 1991.
19. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1991, EPA-450/R-92-001, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, October 1992.
20. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1992, EPA-454/R-93-031, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, October 1993.
21. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1993, EPA-454/R-94-026, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, October 1994.
22. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1994, EPA-454/R-95-014, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711, October 1995.
23. National Air Pollutant Emission Trends, 1900-
1995, EPA-454/R-96-007, U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711, October 1996.
24. Statistical Abstract of the United States,
1996, U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S.
Bureau of the Census.
25. Personal Communication with E.H. Pechan
& Associates on VMT Development, Spring-
field, VA, June 1996.
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
-------
CHAPTER 2
Air Quality Trends
EPA has established National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six criteria
pollutants to protect public health and welfare.
These six pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO),
lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3),
particulate matter whose aerodynamic size is
less than or equal to
10 microns (PM-10),
and sulfur dioxide
(SO2). Table 2-1 lists
the NAAQS for each
pollutant in terms of
the level of the stan-
dard, the associated
averaging time, and
the form of the stat-
istic used to evaluate
compliance. There
are primary stand-
ards for all of the cri-
teria pollutants. Some
pollutants (PM-10 and
SO2) have primary
standards for both
long-term (annual
average) and short-
term (24 hours or
less) averaging times.
Short-term standards
are established to
protect people from
any adverse health
effects associated with
acute exposure to air
pollution, while long-
term standards are
established to protect
the population from
any adverse health
effects associated
with chronic exposure to air pollution. The sec-
ondary standard, which protects public welfare
(vegetation, materials, and visibility), is the
same as the primary standard for most pol-
lutants, with the exception of SO2.
Table 2-1. NAAQS in Effect in 1995
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Most trends information presented in this
report is based on data from two principal
indicators:
• Measurements of pollutant
concentrations in the ambient air.
• Estimates of total national pollutant
emissions.
National trends in air quality are derived
from routine measurements recorded over time
at monitoring sites located primarily in urban
and suburban areas, and to a lesser extent in
selected rural areas. These monitoring stations
are operated by state, tribal, and local gov-
ernment agencies as well as some federal
agencies. The national air quality trends
calculated for this report were derived from the
composite average of direct measurements of
air concentrations obtained from ambient air
quality monitoring sites (see Table A-10). The
averaging times and air quality statistics used
in these trends calculations relate directly to
national ambient air quality standards.
EPA uses the most recent 10 years as the
focus of ambient air pollution trends. Because
it is important to base analyses of ambient
trends on a consistent database, EPA selected a
moving 10-year time frame to help avoid
inconsistences in the data as a result of changes
in the monitoring network (i.e. adding and
discontinuing sites and/or changing
monitoring methods). It is also informative to
investigate trends over a 15 or 20 year time
frame. However, the limited amount of data
available in the earliest years of monitoring
make these long-term trends suitable only for
examining the general behavior of ambient
concentrations. In addition to 10-year trends
and long-term trends, EPA also analyzes one-
year changes in ambient concentrations. One-
year changes can be used to inform discussions
of recent and future trends as well as current
conditions but can also be heavily influenced
by meteorological conditions.
Specific monitoring sites are included in
the 10-year trend analysis only if they have
complete data for a rninirnurn of eight out of the
10 years. In 1987, the standard for Total
Suspended Particulates (TSP) was replaced
with the PM-10 standard. Therefore, PM-10
trend analyses are based on data collected at
monitoring sites that have complete data for
seven out of eight years between 1988 and 1995.
This report contains data accumulated on
criteria pollutants between 1986 and 1995 from
4800 monitoring stations around the country.
Another indicator of air quality trends is
the estimated total of nationwide emissions.
This estimate is based on engineering calcul-
ations of the amounts and lands of pollutants
emitted by automobiles, factories, and other
sources over a given period.1 There are also
monitors known as continuous emissions
monitors (CEMs) that have recently been
installed at major electric utilities to measure
actual emissions. This report incorporates data
from CEMs collected between 1994 and 1995
for NOx and SO2 emissions at major electric
utilities.
Although air pollutant concentrations can
only be reduced over time by decreasing or
eliminating pollutant emissions, changes in
pollutant concentrations do not always track
changes in pollutant emissions resulting from
human activities. There are four primary
reasons for the differences observed between
trends in concentrations and trends in
emissions estimates. First, because most
monitors are positioned in urban, population-
oriented locales, air quality trends are more
likely to track changes in urban emissions
rather than changes in total national emissions.
Urban emissions are generally dominated by
mobile sources, while rural areas may be
dominated by large stationary sources such as
power plants and smelters. Second, emissions
for some pollutants are calculated or measured
in a different form than the primary air pol-
lutant. For example, concentrations of NO2 are
caused by emissions of oxides of nitrogen
which include nitric oxide and NO2. Also, con-
centrations of O3 are caused by emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides
of nitrogen. Third, the amount of some pollut-
ants measured at monitoring locations depends
on what chemical reactions, if any, occur in the
atmosphere during the time it takes the pollutant
8 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
to travel from its source to the monitoring station.
Fourth, meteorological conditions often control
the formation and buildup of pollutants in the
ambient air. For example, peak O3 concen-
trations typically occur during hot, dry,
stagnant summertime conditions (i.e., high
temperature and strong solar insolation). In
contrast, CO is predominately a cold weather
problem with peak CO concentrations occur-
ring during the winter months. The temporal
variation in particulate levels may also be
attributed to fluctuations in meteorological
conditions, especially precipitation. Rainfall
has the effect of reducing re-entrainment of
particles and washing particles out of the air.
Also, drier conditions are associated with an
increase in the frequency of forest fires.
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL Am QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
I * Air Qualify Concentrations
~ 1986-95 37% decrease
1994-95 10% decrease .
• Emissions
1986-95 16% decrease
1994^95 7% decrease
Nature and Sources
CO is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas
formed when carbon in fuels is not burned
completely. It is a product of motor vehicle
exhaust, which contributes about 60 percent of
all CO emissions nationwide. In cities, as much
as 95 percent of all CO emissions emanate from
automobile exhaust. These emissions can
result in high concentrations of CO,
particularly in areas with heavy traffic
congestion. Other sources of CO emissions
include industrial processes, non-transpor-
tation fuel combustion, and natural sources
such as wildfires. Peak CO concentrations
typically occur during the colder months of the
year when CO automotive "cold start"
emissions are greater and nighttime inversion
conditions are more frequent. Despite an
overall downward trend in concentrations and
emissions of CO, six metropolitan areas failed
to meet the CO NAAQS in 1995.
Health Effects
CO enters the bloodstream and reduces oxygen
delivery to the body's organs and tissues. The
health threat from CO is most serious for those
who suffer from cardiovascular disease. At
higher levels of exposure, healthy individuals
are also affected. Visual impairment, reduced
work capacity, reduced manual dexterity, poor
learning ability, and difficulty in performing
complex tasks are all associated with exposure
to elevated CO levels. There are two primary
NAAQS for ambient CO, a 1-hour average of 35
ppm and an 8-hour average of 9 ppm. These
standards cannot be exceeded more than once
per year.
Trends
Long-term improvements continued between
1986 and 1995. Figure 2-1 indicates that na-
tional average CO levels decreased 37 percent
during the past 10 years as measured by the
composite average of the annual second high-
est 8-hour concentration. These reductions in
ambient CO levels occurred despite a 31
percent increase in vehicle miles traveled. Na-
tionally, the composite average of exceedances
of the CO NAAQS declined 95 percent since
1986. The large difference between the rate of
change in concentrations and the percentage
change in exceedances is due to the nature of
the exceedance statistic (which is simply a
count of a pass/fail indicator).
National total CO emissions decreased 16
percent since 1986 as illustrated in Figure 2-2.
Because the urban CO monitoring network is
primarily mobile-source oriented, the national
CO air quality decrease of 37 percent more
closely tracks the estimated 20 percent
reduction in highway vehicle emissions. Figure
2-3 shows that all transportation sources now
account for 81 percent of the nation's total CO
emissions.
8687888990 91 92939495
10 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
The CO air quality improvement occurred
across all monitoring environments—urban,
suburban and rural monitoring sites. Figure 2-4
shows, as expected, that urban monitoring sites
record higher CO concentrations, on average,
than suburban sites, with the lowest levels
found at the nine rural CO sites. During the
past 10 years, composite mean CO 8-hour
concentrations decreased 38 percent at 183
urban sites, 33 percent at 139 suburban
locations, and 46 percent at nine rural sites.
Between 1994 and 1995, national average
CO concentrations decreased 10 percent, while
the average number of exceedances declined 50
percent. All 10 regions of the country exper-
ienced declines in composite mean ambient CO
levels between 1994 and 1995. The 1995
national composite average ambient concen-
tration is consistent with the long-term ambient
CO trend and reverses the one year upturn in
1994 which coincided with the much colder
than normal winters in the northeastern and
north central regions of the country. Total CO
emissions decreased 7 percent since 1994, while
CO emissions from highway vehicles declined
5 percent since last year. These improvements
in highway vehicle emissions are offset to some
extent by the 4 percent increase in emissions
from industrial processes.
The CleanAir Act Amendments (CAAA) of
1990 require oxygenated gasoline programs in
a number of areas during the winter months to
reduce tail pipe emissions of CO. A minimum
oxygen content of 2.7% by weight is required in
the gasoline to help burn the fuel more com-
pletely.1-2 Areas are required to implement the
program to help reach attainment of the federal
CO standard. Thirty-six nonattainment areas
implemented the program in 1992. Several areas
since then have attained the standard, with 28
areas currently remaining in the program.
The map in Figure 2-5 shows the variations
in CO concentrations across the country in 1995.
The air quality indicator is the highest annual
second maximum 8-hour concentration meas-
ured in each county. The bar chart to the left of the
map displays the number of people living in
counties within each concentration range. The
colors on the map and bar chart correspond to
the colors for the concentration ranges dis-
Thousand 3iort Tons Per Year
140,000
8687888990 91 92939495
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 11
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
8687888990 91 92939495
played in the map legend. In 1995, six counties
(with a total population of approximately 12
million) had second maximum 8-hour concen-
trations greater than 9 ppm. This is a decrease
from 10 counties with a total population of 15
million people in 1994.
Figure 2-6 illustrates the improvement in
ambient CO air quality during the past 20
years. Although there are differences in the mix
of trend sites for the two periods (147 vs. 334
sites), there is evidence of a consistent decline
in CO concentrations during the past 20 years.
The CO ambient trends plotting points and
emissions totals by source category are listed in
Tables A-l and A-2. The plotting points for the
20-year trend charts are listed in Table A-9.
Concentration (ppm)
4.5 - 9.4
Figure 2-5. Highest CO second maximum 8-hour concentration by county, 1995.
12 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Concentration, ppm
14
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 13
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Lead (Pb)
• Air Quality Concentrations
1986-95 78% decrease
1994-95 no change
•• Emissions
1986-45 32% decrease
1% decrease
Nature and Sources
In the past, automotive sources were the major
contributor of lead emissions to the atmosphere.
As a result of EPA's regulatory efforts to reduce
the content of lead in gasoline, the contribution
from the transportation sector has declined.
Today, smelters and battery plants, followed by
highway vehicles, are the major sources of lead
emissions to the atmosphere. The highest con-
centrations of lead are found in the vicinity of
nonferrous smelters and other stationary
sources of lead emissions.
Health Effects
Exposure to lead mainly occurs through the
inhalation of air and the ingestion of lead in
food, water, soil> or dust. It accumulates in the
in the blood, bones, and soft tissues. Because it
is not readily excreted, lead can also affect the
kidneys, liver, nervous system, and other
organs. Excessive exposure to lead may cause
neurological impairments such as seizures,
mental retardation, and/or behavioral disorders.
Even at low doses, lead exposure is associated
with changes in fundamental enzymatic,
energy transfer, and homeostatic mechanisms
in the body. At low doses, fetuses and children
often suffer from central nervous system
damage. Recent studies show that lead may be
a factor in high blood pressure and subsequent
heart disease. The primary NAAQS for lead is a
quarterly average concentration not to exceed 1.5
ug/m3.
Trends
Figure 2-7 indicates that between 1986 and
1995, maximum quarterly average lead con-
centrations decreased 78 percent; Figure 2-8
89 90 91 92 93 94 95
14 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
shows that total lead emissions decreased 32
percent. These reductions are a direct result of
the phase-out of leaded gasoline. Air quality
trends at urban and suburban locations over
this 10-year period appear to be quite similar
according to Figure 2-9, which is not surprising
since highway vehicles are the major source of
emissions at both of these locations. Table A-3,
which lists lead emissions by major source
category, shows that highway vehicles ac-
counted for 95 percent of the 10-year lead
emissions decline.
The effect of the conversion to unleaded
gasoline usage on ambient lead concentrations
is even more impressive when viewed over a
longer period as illustrated in Figure 2-10.
Between 1976 and 1995, ambient concen-
trations of lead declined 97 percent. Between
1994 and 1995, national average lead
concentrations (approaching the minimum
detectable level) remained unchanged, while
lead emissions declined 1 percent.
The large reductions in long-term lead
emissions from transportation sources has
changed the nature of the ambient lead prob-
lem in the United States. As Figure 2-11 shows,
industrial processes were the major source of
lead emissions in 1995, accounting for 59 per-
cent of the total, or almost twice the transpor-
tation sector contribution of 32 percent. Because
industrial processes are now responsible for all
violations of the lead standard, the lead mon-
itoring strategy focuses on these point sources
of emissions. The map in Figure 2-12 shows the
lead monitors oriented in the vicinity of major
sources of lead emissions. In 1995, nine lead
point sources had one or more site-oriented
monitors that exceeded the NAAQS. These nine
sources are ranked in Figure 2-12 according to
the site with greatest maximum quarterly mean.
Various enforcement and regulatory actions are
being actively pursued by EPA and the States
for these sources.
The map in Figure 2-13 shows the highest
quarterly mean lead concentration by county in
1995. Nine counties, with a total population of
4.7 million and containing the point sources
from Figure 2-12, did not meet the lead NAAQS
in 1995. Note that the point-source oriented
monitoring data were excluded from, the trends
analyses data presented in Figures 2-7 and 2-9.
Concentration, ug/m3
0.25
Concentration, ug/m3
2.0
76788082848688909294
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 15
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Fuel Combustion
9.9%
Transportation
31.7%
Rank
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
ST
PA
MO
NE
MO
MT
IL
TN
FL
OH
Em bsJon Source
FmttnSrabr
ASAROO(Gfenr)
ASARCCKOmto)
Dc.Fkji(H«c)
ASAnoO(EtW«v)
CtmMco
OnmlSmUng
OulCotUKl
ItotKlM*
MaxQtrAvg
ug/m3
10.19
8.10
657
634
5.37
5.18
2.92
225
1.63
Exceeds the NAAQS
Meets the NAAQS
Note: Site markers may overlap.
Figure 2-12. Pb maximum quarterly concentration in the vicinity of Pb point sources, 1995.
16 CHAPTERS AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
ISO
17O
160
ISO
1.4.O
13O
12O
2 110
c
c
0
* 9O
100-
so
•70
so
so
40
3O
2O
1O
Concentration (ug/m3)
<0.75
3.05 - 6.04
0.75-1.54
>= 6.05
1.55-3.04
Figure 2-13. Highest Pb maximum quarterly mean concentration by county, 1995.
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 17
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
" • Air Quality Concentrations
1986-95 14% decrease
1 1994-95 5% decrease
* Emissions
1986-95 3% decrease
_ J994-958% decrease
Nature and Sources
NO2 belongs to a family of poisonous, highly
reactive gases called oxides of nitrogen (NOX).
These gases form when fuel is burned at high
temperatures, and come principally from
motor vehicle exhaust and stationary sources
such as electric utilities and industrial boilers.
A suffocating, brownish gas, NO2 is a strong
oxidizing agent that reacts in the atmosphere to
form corrosive nitric acid. It also plays a major
role in the atmospheric reactions that produce
ozone.
Health and Other Effects
NO2 can irritate the lungs and lower resistance
to respiratory infections such as influenza. The
effects of short-term exposure are still unclear,
but continued or frequent exposure to
concentrations higher than those normally
found in the ambient air may cause increased
incidence of acute respiratory disease in
children. The ambient NO2 primary NAAQS is
an annual mean concentration not to exceed
0.053 ppm. Oxides of nitrogen are an important
precursor to both ozone and acidic precip-
itation (acid rain) and may affect both
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The
regional transport and deposition of
nitrogenous compounds arising from emissions
of NOX is a potentially significant contributor
to such environmental effects as the growth of
algae and subsequent unhealthy or toxic
conditions for fish in the Chesapeake Bay and
other estuaries. In some parts of the western
United States, oxides of nitrogen have a
significant impact on particulate matter
concentrations.
Trends
Nationally, annual mean NO2 concentrations
remained relatively constant throughout the
1980s, followed by decreasing concentrations in
the 1990s. The 1995 composite average of the
NO2 annual mean concentrations is 14 percent
lower than the 1986 level, and five percent
lower than the 1994 level, as illustrated in
Figure 2-14.
The trend in national total emissions of
NOX is shown in Figure 2-15. Between 1986 and
1995, national total NOX emissions decreased 3
percent. However, between 1994 and 1995
emissions decreased 8 percent. Title IV (Acid
Deposition Control) of the 1990 CAAA specifies
that between 1980 and 2010 total annual NOX
emissions will be reduced by approximately 10
percent (a reduction of 2 million tons).
Although NOX emissions are not affected by
Title IV until 1996, Reasonably Available
Control Technology (RACT) conditions must be
met in 1995. Thus, low NO burners were often
Concent ration, ppm
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
T-snhftrantle 212 Sites
—
—
—
—
d
\~
—
—
—
86878889909192939495
18 CHAPTER 2: ADR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
installed before the required date and are
reflected in NOX emissions declines between
1994 and 1995. In 1995, the two primary
sources of the NOX emissions were fuel
combustion (46 percent) and transportation (49
percent) as shown in Figure 2-16. Table A-4
provides a listing of NOX emissions by major
source category.
Although the highest ambient NO2 levels
are typically observed in urban areas, Figure
2-17 shows that the ambient NO2 air quality
trends are similar across monitoring locations.
Additionally, 1995 is the fourth consecutive
year that all monitoring locations across the
nation, including Los Angeles, met the federal
NO2 air quality standard (see Figure 2-18).
Twenty-year trends in ambient NO2 concen-
trations are not shown because the sites
meeting the 1975-1984 completeness criteria (a
total of 40 sites) are not representative of the
mix of 205 sites in the current trends data base.
Thousand Short TonsFbr Year
30,000
|_J R>l axnbu»!on|MuglrM Flooring
Rural (444tiles) Suburbw (92*eij Uboi (73 sites)
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 .95
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 19
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
1OO
170
1OO
ISO
oo-
BO
•«O
OO
2O
10
o
ConcenliaBon (ppm)
.0275 - .0534
Figure 2-18. Highest NOZ annual mean concentration by county, 1995.
20 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Ozone
Concentrations
"•
Nature and Sources
Ground-level O3 is the most complex, difficult
to control, and pervasive of the six criteria
pollutants. Unlike other pollutants, O3 is not
emitted directly into the air by specific sources.
A poisonous form of pure oxygen, it is created
when sunlight reacts with NOX and VOCs in
the air. There are thousands of sources of these
gases. Some of the more common sources are
gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, combustion
products of various fuels, and consumer
products. These products can be frequently
found in large industrial facilities, gas stations,
and small businesses such as bakeries and auto
body repair shops. Often these "precursor"
gases are emitted in one area, but the actual
chemical reactions, stimulated by sunlight and
temperature, take place in another. Combined
emissions from motor vehicles and stationary
sources can be carried hundreds of miles from
their origins, forming high O3 concentrations
over very large regions. Approximately 70
million people lived in 108 counties with air
quality levels above the primary O3 NAAQS in
1995. Los Angeles has the highest number of
exceedances of the O3 NAAQS followed by
Houston, then metropolitan areas in California
and the Northeast.
Health and Other Effects
While O3 in the upper atmosphere is beneficial
in that it shields the earth from harmful ultra-
violet rays, ground-level O3 causes health
problems because it damages lung tissue, re-
duces lung function, and sensitizes the lungs to
other irritants. Scientific evidence indicates that
ambient levels of O3 not only affect people with
impaired respiratory systems (such as asth-
matics) but healthy adults and children as well.
Exposure to O3 for six to seven hours, even at
relatively low concentrations, has been found
to significantly reduce lung function and
induce respiratory inflammation in normal,
healthy people during periods of moderate
exercise. This decrease in lung function is often
accompanied by such symptoms as chest pain,
coughing, nausea, and pulmonary congestion.
Recent studies provide evidence of an assoc-
iation between elevated ambient O3 levels and
increases in hospital admissions for respiratory
problems in several U.S. cities. Though less
well established in humans, animal studies
have demonstrated that repeated exposure to
O3 over a period of months or years can pro-
duce permanent structural damage in the lungs
and accelerate the rate of lung function decline
and the aging of the lungs.
Ambient O3 is also responsible for 1 to 2
billion dollars of agricultural crop yield loss in
the United States each year. Because ground-
level ozone interferes with the ability of plants
to produce and store food, plants are more
susceptible to disease, insect attack, other
environmental pollutants, and harsh weather,
resulting in, for example, yield loss in crops and
biomass loss in tree seedlings.
Ozone also damages the foliage of trees
and other plants, decreasing the beauty of our
national parks and recreation areas, and has an
impact on wildlife. For example, O3 effects can
reduce the ability of affected areas to provide
habitats to endangered as well as other species.
In an example affecting a common species,
milkweed, long known for its sensitivity to O3
and usefulness as an indicator species of
elevated O3 levels, is the sole food of the
monarch butterfly larvae. Thus, a major risk
associated with the loss of milkweed foliage for
a season is that it might have significant
indirect effects on the local monarch butterfly
population.
Since 1986, over 3,000 new studies have
been published on the health and ecological
effects of ambient ozone. Many of these studies
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 21
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
indicate that negative effects occur at levels
lower than the current ambient standard for
ozone. The current standard for O3 is 0.12 ppm
daily maximum 1-hour concentration, not to be
exceeded more than once per year averaged
over three calendar years.
EPA is currently reviewing the NAAQS for
O3in accordance with the requirements of the
Clean Air Act. The NAAQS for particulate
matter is also currently under review (see the
PM-10 section of this chapter) and the Agency
plans to complete these reviews and propose
decisions on whether to retain or revise both
NAAQS by November 29, 1996, with final
action planned for June 1997.3 EPA is consi-
dering the recommendation of the Clean Air
Science Advisory Committee (CASAC) "that
the present 1-hour standard be eliminated and
replaced with an 8-hour standard."4
Trends
Ground level O3 (the primary constituent of
smog) has remained a pervasive pollution
problem throughout the United States. Amb-
ient O3 trends are influenced by year-to-year
changes in meteorological conditions,
population growth, and VOC to NOX ratios as
well as changes in emissions from ongoing
control measures. Meteorological conditions in
1995 were highly conducive to peak O3
formation, especially in the Midwest and Gulf
states and throughout the East. Nationally, 1995
was the 33rd hottest summer in the last 100
years, while 1988 was the 3rd hottest. On a
regional basis, the Northeast experienced its
3rd hottest summer, while the Central states
had the llth hottest summer. Figure 2-19
reveals that the 1995 composite national
average daily maximum 1-hour O3 concen-
tration is 6 percent lower than the 1986
composite mean level. The national 1995
composite mean is 4 percent higher than the
previous year and the same as the composite
level recorded in 1990. The lowest national
composite mean level was recorded in 1992 and
the highest in 1988. The composite mean of the
number of exceedances of the O3 NAAQS
declined 53 percent since 1986. In contrast to
Concentration, ppm
O25
020
Concentration, ppm
0.16
86878889909192939495
86 87 88 89 90 91 92939495
'^l^gnf^ouf^ '""*
22 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
the trend in concentrations, the composite
mean of the number of exceedances declined 6
percent between 1994 and 1995, primarily as a
result of the 24-percent reduction in the number
of exceedances at sites in California.
Figure 2-20 shows that the trends in com-
posite mean second daily maximum 1-hour
concentrations are similar across monitoring
environments, although the highest levels are
typically found at suburban sites. During the
past 10 years, the composite mean at 114 urban
sites recorded the largest air quality improve-
ment (a 9 percent decline in O3 concentrations),
followed by a decrease of 6 percent at 267
suburban sites, while O3 levels declined 4
percent at 174 sites in rural locations.
As noted in a study by the National
Academy of Science, and in previous Trends
Reports, O3 trends are affected by changing
meteorological conditions that are conducive to
O3 formation.5 EPA has developed a statistical
model that attempts to factor out
Concentration (ppm) •BSHSI < .065
.125-.204
Figure 2-22. Highest O3 second daily maximum concentration by county, 1995.
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 23
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
meteorological effects and helps to normalize
the resulting trend estimates across years.6
Figure 2-21 shows the results from application
of the model in 44 major urban areas. While the
raw data trends reflect the year-to-year
variability in ozone conducive conditions, the
meteorologically adjusted O3 composite trend
provides a more stable indicator of O3 trends.
For these 44 metropolitan areas, the adjusted
trend shows continued improvement with an
average decrease of about 1 percent per year
since 1986.
The map in Figure 2-22 presents the highest
second daily maximum 1-hour concentration
by county in 1995. The accompanying bar chart
to the left of the map reveals that in 1995
approximately 70 million people lived in 108
counties where the second daily maximum
1-hour concentration was above the level of the
O3NAAQS.
Quantitative long-term ambient O3 trends
are difficult to assess due to changes in network
design, siting criteria, spatial coverage and
monitoring instrument calibration procedures
over the past two decades. Figure 2-23 contrasts
the 1976-1985 composite trend line based on
178 sites with the current 1986-1995 composite
trend line based on 573 sites. Although the
overall trend is downward, short-term upturns
corresponding to O3 conducive meteorology
are evident. The shaded area in the late 1970s
indicates the period corresponding to the old
calibration procedure where concentration
levels are less certain.
Figure 2-24 shows that emissions of VOCs
(which contribute to O3 formation) decreased 9
percent between 1986 and 1995. Recent control
measures to reduce emissions include regula-
tions to lower fuel volatility as well as NOX and
VOC emissions from tailpipes.7 These mea-
sures are reflected in the 23 percent decrease in
emissions from transportation sources, and the
31 percent decline in highway vehicle emis-
sions. NOX emissions (the other major pre-
cursor to O3 formation) decreased 3 percent
between 1986 and 1995. Nationally, the two
major sources of VOC emissions are industrial
processes (58 percent) and transportation
sources (37 percent) as shown in Figure 2-25
and in Table A-5.
Thousand Short TonsPer Year
35,000
Concent ration, ppm
90 91 92 93 94 95 !B
76788082848688909294
24 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Because detailed ambient air quality data
is useful in understanding the air quality
problems of a particular area, the 1990 CAAA
called for improved monitoring of ozone and
its precursors, VOC and NOX. Photochemical
Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) were
therefore developed and positioned in all ozone
nonattainment areas classified as serious,
severe, or extreme. The 22 affected areas collect
measurements of ozone, NOX, and a number of
VOCs as well as surface and upper air
meteorology. While the hot dry summer in
1995 resulted in increases in ozone levels in
many parts of the country between 1994 and
1995, the majority of the PAMS sites showed
decreases in the concentrations of toxics and
ozone-forming VOCs. Under more normal
summertime conditions, meteorological
conditions such VOC reductions would likely
lead to decreases in ozone levels. For a more
detailed discussion of the PAMS program and
VOC reductions, see Chapter 3 of this Report.
As required by the 1990 CAAA, a cleaner
burning fuel known as reformulated gasoline
(RFC) has been sold as of January 1,1995 in
those areas of the country with the worst ozone
or smog problem. RFG is formulated to reduce
automotive emissions of ozone-forming
pollutants and toxic chemicals—it is estimated
to reduce both VOC and toxic emissions by
more than 15%. RFG sold during the summer
ozone season has lower volatility than most
conventional gasoline. Also, RFG has lower
levels of certain compounds that contribute to
air pollution and a minimum oxygen content of
2 percent, and a maximum benzene content of
1 percent.8
The RFG program is mandated year-round
in 10 areas of the country (i.e., Los Angeles, San
Diego, Hartford, New York, Philadelphia,
Chicago, Baltimore, Houston, Milwaukee, and
Sacramento). In addition to these required
areas, several other parts of the country exceed-
ing the ozone standard have voluntarily
entered into the RFG program.9 For a more
detailed discussion of the RFG program and its
impact, see Chapter 3 of this report.
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 25
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Participate Matter, (PM-10)
5 !' -*- Air (Quality Concentrations
?- . ; r 1988-15 ' , ' '-,-' 22%i decrease
1994-95 j& decrease
Emissions
1988-95 17% decrease
! ' crease
Nature and Sources
Particulate matter is the general term for solid
or liquid particles found in the atmosphere.
Some particles are large or dark enough to be
seen as soot or smoke. Others are so small they
can be identified only with an electron micro-
scope. Because particles originate from a variety
of mobile and stationary sources, their chemical
and physical compositions vary widely depend-
ing on location and time of year. In 1987, EPA
replaced the earlier Total Suspended Particu-
late (TSP) standard with a PM-10 standard.10
The PM-10 standard focuses on smaller particles
that are likely to be responsible for adverse health
effects because of their ability to reach the lower
regions of the respiratory tract. PM-10 includes
those particles whose aerodynamic size is less
than or equal to a standard particle with a
diameter of 10 micrometers (0.0004 inches).
Health and Other Effects
Based on studies of human populations ex-
posed to ambient particle pollution (sometimes
in the presence of SO2) and laboratory studies
of both animals and humans, areas of concern
have been identified as: negative effects on
breathing and respiratory systems, aggravation
of existing respiratory and cardiovascular
disease, alterations in the body's defense sys-
tems against foreign materials, damage to lung
tissue, carcinogenesis, and premature death.
The elderly, children, and people with chronic
obstructive pulmonary or cardiovascular disease,
influenza, or asthma are especially sensitive to the
effects of PM-10. In addition, particulate matter
serves as a carrier for a variety of toxic metals
and compounds, and is a major cause of reduced
visibility in many parts of the United States.
There are both short- and long-term PM-10
NAAQS. The long-term standard specifies an
expected annual arithmetic mean not to exceed
50 ug/m3, while the short-term 24-hour stan-
dard of 150 ug/m3 is not to be exceeded more
than once per year.
EPA is currently reviewing the NAAQS for
particulate matter in accordance with the re-
quirements of the Clean Air Act. Under consid-
eration is a new standard for the fine particles
within PM40 due to epidemiological evidence
suggesting stronger associations of mortality
and some morbidity effects with fine particles.
A decision on whether to retain or revise the
NAAQS for PM will be made by November 29,
1996, and final action is scheduled for mid-1997.3
Trends
Ambient monitoring networks were revised in
1987 to measure PM-10, so 1988 is the first com-
plete year of PM-10 trends data for most moni-
tors. Figures 2-26 and 2-27 show the change in
measured concentrations at monitoring sites and
the change in estimated emissions between 1988
and 1995. The national average of annual mean
PM-10 concentrations decreased 22 percent,
while PM-10 emissions decreased 17 percent.
Between 1994 and 1995, mean PM-10 con-
centrations decreased 4 percent, while PM-10
emissions decreased a comparable 6 percent.
Urban and suburban sites have similar
trends and comparable average concentration
levels, as shown in Figure 2-28. The trends at
rural sites are consistent with these urban and
suburban patterns, although the composite
mean level is significantly lower.
PM-10 emissions from traditionally inven-
toried sources decreased 17 percent since 1988.
Figure 2-29 shows that the three major cate-
gories—fuel combustion, industrial processes,
and transportation—contribute almost equally
to the total. For the first time in recent years
however, emissions in the industrial processes
category were slightly higher than those for the
fuel combustion category. Industrial process
emissions increased 1 percent over 1994 levels,
while fuel combustion emissions decreased 12
percent. Within the fuel combustion category,
the largest decrease was in residential wood
26 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
combustion, which declined more than 25
percent between 1994 and 1995. Table A-6 lists
PM-10 emissions estimates from these sources
for 1986-1995.
As shown in Figure 2-30, emissions from
the traditionally inventoried source categories
(fuel combustion, industrial processes, trans-
portation) make up only 6 percent of total
PM-10 emissions nationwide. The remaining
emissions come from natural sources (wind
erosion) and the miscellaneous category, which
contains emissions for agriculture and forestry,
wildfires and managed burning, and fugitive
dust from paved and unpaved roads. Of these,
fugitive dust makes up the greatest share of all
PM-10 emissions (68 percent), followed by
agriculture and forestry (20 percent). Miscel-
laneous and natural source PM-10 emissions
estimates are provided in Table A-7.
The map in Figure 2-31 displays the highest
second maximum 24-hour PM-10 concen-
tration by county in 1995. When both the
annual and 24-hour standards are considered,
there were 24 million people living in 22
counties with PM-10 concentrations above the
PM-10 NAAQS in 1995.
Concentration, ug/m3
3 TO
1 60
1
i ^
40
30
| ao
\ 10
! o
I
TJOthftfcentlle 955SHes
-Mean
-Median
-10th Fbrcentlle
twts
1 5< * • '* R " 0
1 -< * a—. .j i 4
1 s* '. * *> — *
a U ? j / ,:
**•* uj [j [j
Thousand Short Tons Par Year
3,500
Concentration, ug/m3
36
20
Rur:l(1273te3 Suburban (37Bsite$ Ubai H2B sited
88 89 90 91 92939495
88 89 90 91 92 93 94
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 27
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Traditionally
Inventoried
Sources
6-0% g
Concentration (ug/m3)
Figure 2-31. Highest second maximum 24-hour PM-10 concentration by county, 1995.
28 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Sulfur Dioxide (SO.)
Nature and Sources
SO2belongs to the family of sulfur oxide gases
(SOX). These gases are formed when fuel
containing sulfur (mainly coal and oil) is
burned, and during metal smelting and other
industrial processes. Most SO2 monitoring
stations are located in urban areas. The highest
monitored concentrations of SO2 are recorded
in the vicinity of large industrial facilities.
Health and Other Effects
The major health concerns associated with
exposure to high concentrations of SO2 include
effects on breathing, respiratory illness, alte-
rations in the lungs' defenses, and aggravation
of existing cardiovascular disease. Major sub-
groups of the population that are most sensitive
to SO2 include asthmatics and individuals with
cardiovascular disease or chronic lung disease
(such as bronchitis or emphysema) as well as
children and the elderly. There are two primary
NAAQS for SO2 that address these health
concerns: an annual mean concentration of
0.030 ppm (80 ug/m3) not to be exceeded, and
a 24-hour daily concentration of 0.14 ppm (365
ug/m3) not to be exceeded more than once per
year.
SO2 also can produce damage to the foliage
of trees and agricultural crops. Together, SO2
and NOX are the major precursors to acidic
deposition (acid rain), which is associated with
the acidification of lakes and streams, accel-
erated corrosion of buildings and monuments,
and reduced visibility. The secondary SO2
NAAQS, which protects against such damage,
/ is a 3-hour average concentration of 0.50 ppm
(1300 ug/m3) not to be exceeded more than
once per year.
Trends
The map in Figure 2-32 displays the highest
second maximum 24-hour SO2 concentration
by county in 1995. There were no counties
containing major SO2 point sources that failed
to meet the ambient SO2 NAAQS in 1995. The
national composite average of SO2 annual
mean concentrations decreased 37 percent
between 1986 and 1995 (see Figure 2-33), while
SO2 emissions decreased 18 percent (see Figure
2-34). Between 1994 and 1995, national SO2
mean concentrations decreased 17 percent, and
SO2 emissions decreased 13 percent.
It is important to emphasize that current
SO2 problems in the U.S. are caused by point
sources that are usually identified by modeling
rather than routing ambient monitoring.
Historically, networks are positioned in
population-oriented locales. However, 86
percent of total national SO2 emissions (Figure
2-35), result from fuel combustion sources that
tend to be located in less populated areas.
Figure 2-36 reveals that composite annual mean
concentrations at sites in suburban and urban
locations decreased 40 and 41 percent, respect-
ively, while ambient levels decreased 23
percent at rural sites. The progress in reducing
ambient SO2 concentrations during the past 20
years is portrayed in Figure 2-37. This
reduction was accomplished by installing flue-
gas control equipment at coal-fired generating
plants, reducing emissions from industrial
processing facilities such as smelters and
sulfuric acid manufacturing plants, reducing
the average sulfur content of fuels burned, and
using cleaner fuels in residential and
commercial burners.
In accordance with the Clean Air Act
(CAA), EPA has reviewed and revised the air
quality criteria upon which the existing
NAAQS for sulfur oxides are based. EPA's final
decision was that revisions of the NAAQS for
sulfur oxides were currently not appropriate,
aside from several minor technical changes.
Initiated by Title IV of the 1990 CAAA, the
Acid Rain Program specifies that between 1980
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 29
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Concentration (ug/m3)
Figure 2-32. Highest second maximum 24-hour SO2 concentration by county, 1995.
and 2010, total annual SO2 emissions will be
reduced by approximately 40 percent (10
million tons). Trie program will establish a new
approach to environmental protection through
the use of market incentives. The program sets
a permanent cap on the total amount of SO2
that may be emitted by electric utilities nation-
wide. The program is being implemented in
two phases: Phase I began in 1995, will last until
1999, and currently involves 445 utility units;
Phase II begins in 2000 and is expected to
involve over 2000 units.11
For the 445 units participating in Phase I,
actual emissions measured by continuous
emissions monitoring systems were reduced by
more than half relative to 1980 levels with
emissions plummeting from 10.9 to 5.3 million
tons. Emissions for these units were 3.4 million
tons (or 39 percent) below the 1995 allowable
emissions level of 8.7 million tons required by
the 1990 CAAA.11
Many utilities installed scrubbers earlier
than required since it was much less expensive
30 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
than previously thought. Other utilities
switched to lower sulfur coal and also learned
that the cost was not prohibitive. Utilities also
participated in the annual allowance auctions
held in March 1994, 1995, and 1996, where
allowances declined in cost with each
succeeding year. Thus, SO2 compliance was
often achieved earlier than EPA had anticipated
as reflected by the decline in SO2 emissions
between 1994 and 1995.
According to a recent study prepared by
the U.S. Geological Survey, reductions in
emissions have resulted in rainfall being less
acidic in 1995 due to the first year of
implementation of the Acid Rain Program. The
study reports a 10 to 25 percent drop in rainfall
acidity.11
Thousand Short TonsRar Year
30,000
Miscellaneous <•*
0%
Transportation
3.3%
90 91 92 93 94 95
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 31
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
f&ysnffliffwiw>&<^tjt!^^
Rural (130 dtw} Suburban (191 aHoa) Uban (MSates)
8687888990 91 92939495
32 CHAPTERS AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Visibility
Nature and Sources of the Problem
Visibility impairment occurs as a result of the
scattering and absorption of light by particles
and gases in the atmosphere. It is most simply
described as the haze which obscures the
clarity, color, texture, and form of what we see.
The same particles linked to serious health
effects [sulfates, nitrates, organic carbon, soot
(elemental carbon), and soil dust] can
significantly affect our ability to see.
Both primary and secondary particles
contribute to visibility impairment. Primary
particles, such as dust from roads and agricul-
tural operations or elemental carbon from
diesel and wood combustion, are emitted
directly into the atmosphere. Secondary par-
ticles are formed in the atmosphere from pri-
mary gaseous emissions. Secondary particles
of concern include sulfate formed from sulfur
dioxide emissions, nitrates from nitrogen oxide
emissions, and carbon-based particles formed
from hydrocarbon emissions. Reduced visi-
bility is primarily attributable to airborne
particles, particularly those less than a few
micrometers, in diameter, whereas the only
primary gaseous pollutant that directly reduces
visibility is nitrogen dioxide.
High relative humidity can significantly
increase the effect of pollution on visibility.
Some particles, such as sulfates, accumulate
water and grow in size and become more
efficient at scattering light. Poor summer
visibility in the eastern United States is primar-
ily the result of high sulfate concentrations
exposed to high humidity levels.
Visibility conditions are commonly expres-
sed in terms of three mathematically related
metrics such as visual range, light extinction,
and the deciview. Visual range is the maximum
distance at which one can identify a black
object against the horizon, and is typically
described in miles or kilometers. Light extinc-
tion, inversely related to visual range, is the
sum of light scattering and absorption by
particles and gases in the atmosphere. It is
typically expressed in terms of inverse mega-
meters (Mm"1), with larger values representing
poorer visibility.
Changes in visual range and light extinc-
tion are not proportional to human perception,
however. For example, a 5-mile change in
visual range can be either very apparent or not
perceptible, depending on the base line level of
ambient pollution. The deciview was devel-
oped to address this situation. It describes
perceived visual changes on a linear scale over
its entire range, analogous to the decibel scale
for sound. Under many scenic conditions, a
change of one deciview is considered per-
ceptible by the average person. A deciview of
zero represents pristine conditions.
Long-Term Trends
Visibility impairment has been analyzed using
data collected since 1960 at 280 monitoring
stations located at airports across the country.
These stations measure visual range, the
maximum distance at which an observer can
discern the outline of an object. Visibility trends
can be inferred from long-term records of
visual range. The maps in Figure 2-38 show
U.S. visibility trends derived from such data.12
The maps show the amount of haze during
the summer months of 1970,1980, and 1990.
The dark blue color represents the best
visibility, and red represents the worst visibility.
Overall, these maps show that annual average
visibility impairment in the eastern United
States increased greatly between 1970 and 1980,
and decreased slightly between 1980 and 1990.
This follows the overall trends in emissions of
sulfur oxides during these periods.
IMPROVE Visibility Monitoring Network
In 1987, the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitor-
ing of PROtected Visual Environments)
visibility monitoring network was established
as a cooperative effort between the EPA, Na-
tional Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau
of Land Management, U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service, and the states. The network is
designed to track progress toward the Clean
Air Act's national goal of remedying existing
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 33
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
1970
Want
Bc*l
Figure 2-38. Trend of haze from airport visual data
(July-September).
and preventing future visibility impairment in
Class I areas across the country, such as national
parks and wilderness areas. It also provides
information for determining the types of
pollutants and sources primarily responsible
for reduced visibility. The network now
includes over 40 sites, and uses aerosol, optical,
and photographic monitoring methods. It is
the largest network in the country devoted to
fully characterizing visibility.
Current Conditions
On an annual average basis, natural visibility
conditions have been estimated at approx-
imately 80-90 miles in the East and up to 140
miles in the West. Natural visibility varies by
region primarily because of higher estimated
background levels of fine particles in the East
and the more significant effect of relative
humidity on particle concentrations in the East
than in the West. Current annual average con-
ditions range from about 18-40 miles in the
rural East and about 35-90 miles in the rural
West.
Figure 2-39 illustrates annual average
visibility impairment in terms of light extinc-
tion captured at IMPROVE sites between 1992
and 1995. The pie charts show the relative
contribution of different particle constituents to
visibility impairment. Annual average total
light extinction due to these particles is in-
dicated by the value next to each pie and by the
size of each pie.13
In Figure 2-39, one can see that visibility
impairment is generally greater in the rural
East compared to most of the West. In the rural
East, sulfates account for about 50-70 percent
of annual average light extinction. Sulfate
plays a particularly significant role in the
humid summer months, most notably in the
Appalachian, Northeast, and mid-South re-
gions. Nitrates and organic and elemental
carbon all account for between 10—15 percent of
total light extinction in most Eastern locations.
In the rural West, sulfates also play a
significant role, accounting for about 25-40
percent of total light extinction in most regions.
However, sulfates account for over 50 percent
34 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Figure 2-39. Annual average light extinction (Mnr1), 1992-1995 IMPROVE data.
of annual average light extinction in the
Cascades. Organic carbon typically is respon-
sible for 15-35 percent of total light extinction
in the rural West, elemental carbon (absorption)
accounts for about 15-25 percent, and soil dust
(coarse) accounts for about 10-20 percent.
Nitrates typically account for less than 10
percent of total light extinction in Western
locations, except in the southern California
region, where it accounts for almost 40 percent.
Figure 2-40 also illustrates annual average
visibility impairment from IMPROVE data for
1992 to 1995, expressed in deciviews. Note that
the deciview scale is more compressed than the
scale for visual range or light extinction. Most
of the sites in the intermountain West and
Colorado Plateau have annual impairment of
12 deciviews or less, whereas many rural
locations in the East have values exceeding 23
deciviews.
One key to understanding visibility effects
is understanding that the same amount of
pollution can have dramatically different
effects on visibility depending on existing
conditions. It is important to note that visibility
in cleaner environments is more sensitive to
increases in fine particle concentrations than
visibility in more polluted areas. This principle
is illustrated in Figure 2-41, which characterizes
visibility at Shenandoah National Park under a
range of conditions. A clear day at Shenandoah
can be represented by a visual range of 80
miles, with conditions approximating natur-
ally-occurring visibility (i.e., without pollution
created by human activities). An average day
at Shenandoah is represented by a visual range
of 18 miles, and is the result of an additional
10 ug/m3 of fine particles in the atmosphere.
The two bottom scenes, with visual ranges of 8
and 6 miles respectively, illustrate that the
perceived change in visibility due to an
additional 10 ug/m3 of fine particles to an
already degraded atmosphere is much less
perceptible than adding this amount to a clean
atmosphere. Thus, to achieve a given level of
perceived visibility improvement, a larger
reduction in fine particle concentrations is
needed in more polluted areas. Conversely, a
small amount of pollution in a clean area can
dramatically decrease visibility.
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 35
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
A recent analysis of data from the
IMPROVE network13 fails to show uniform
national trends in sulfur concentration, light
absorption (primarily due to soot from fire or
diesel combustion), or fine mass concentration.
However, some trends can be shown for
specific sites during certain seasons. For
example, absorption in the winter season has
decreased from 1984-1994 at Rocky Mountain
and Crater Lake National Parks. A clear
demonstration of decreased sulfur concen-
trations as a result of emissions reductions is
found in the desert southwest at Chiricahua
National Monument. Absorption and sulfur
concentrations in the autumn at Great Smoky
Mountain National Park have increased
between 1985 and 1994. At Grand Canyon
National Park in autumn, average sulfur
concentrations have been increasing for the 25
percent most clear days.
Programs to Improve Visibility
EPA is developing a new regional haze
program to address visibility impairment in
national parks and wilderness areas that is
caused by numerous sources located over
broad regions. The program will build on
recommendations received from the Grand
Canyon Visibility Transport Commission as
well as other committees. It will likely define
a policy for achieving "reasonable progress" in
improving visibility, as well as provide
guidance on monitoring, modeling, and
tracking emissions that cause haze. Because of
common precursors and the regional nature of
the ozone, PM, and regional haze problems,
EPA is developing these implementation
programs together in order to integrate future
planning and control strategy efforts to the
greatest extent possible.
Other air quality programs are expected to
lead to emissions reductions that will improve
visibility in certain regions of the country. The
Figure 2-40. Annual average visibility impairment in deciviews, 1992-1995 IMPROVE, data.
36 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT,
Figure 2-41. Shenandoah National Park on clear and hazy days, and the effect of adding 10 ug/m3 fine
particles to each.
Acid Rain program is designed to achieve
significant reductions in sulfur oxide emissions,
which is expected to reduce sulfate haze par-
ticularly in the Eastern United States. Better
controls on sources of nitrogen oxides also can
improve regional visibility conditions. EPA
NAAQS, mobile source, and woodstove
programs to reduce fuel combustion and soot
emissions can benefit areas adversely impacted
by visibility impairment due to sources of
organic and elemental carbon.
CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS 37
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
References
Oxygenated Gasoline Implementation Guide-
lines. EPA, Office of Mobile Sources, Wash-
ington, D.C. July 27,1992.
Guidelines/or Oxygenated Gasoline Credit Pro-
grams and Guidelines on Establishment of Con-
trol Periods Under Section 211(m) of the Clean
Air Act as Amended. 57 PR 47853 (October 20,
1992).
"National Ambient Air Quality Standards
for Ozone and Particulate Matter," Advance
Notice of Proposal Ruletnaking, Federal Register,
June 12,1996.
George T. Wolff, "Letter from George T. Wolf,
Chair, Clean Air Scientific Advisory Com-
mittee (CASAC) to Administrator Carol M.
Browner." Closure letter by CASAC on the
Primary Standard Portion of the Staff Paper
for Ozone. November 30,1995.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and
Regional Air Pollution, National Research
Council, National Academy Press, Washing- - „
ton, DC, December 1991.
W.M. Cox and S.H. Chu, "Meteorologically
Adjusted Ozone Trends in Urban Areas: A
Probabilistic Approach," Atmospheric Envi-
ronment, Vol. 27B, No. 4, Pergamon Press,
Great Britain, 1993.
Volatility Regulations for Gasoline and Alco-
hol Blends Sold in Calendar Years 1989 and
Beyond, 54 PR 11868, March 22,1989.
Reformulated Gasoline: A Major Step Toward
Cleaner Air. EPA-420-B-94-004, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air and
Radiation, September 1994.
Requirements for Reformulated Gasoline, 59
FR 7716, February 16,1994.
National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air
Quality Standards, 52 FR 24663, July 1,1987.
1995 Compliance Results: Acid Rain Program,
EPA-430/R-96-012, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation,
Washington, DC, July 1996.
R.B. Husar, J.B. Elkins, and WE. Wilson,
"U.S. Visibility Trends, 1960-1992," Air and
Waste Management Association 87th Annual
Meeting and Exhibition, Cincinnati, OH, 1994.
Sisler, J. Spatial and Seasonal Patterns and
Long Term Variability of the Composition of
the Haze in the United States: An Analysis
of Data from the IMPROVE Network. Col-
orado State University, Cooperative Institute
for Research in the Atmosphere. Fort Collins,
CO., 1996.
38 CHAPTER 2: AIR QUALITY TRENDS
-------
CHAPTER 3
PAMS: Enhanced Ozone
& Precursor Monitoring
Of the six criteria pollutants, ozone (O3) is the
most pervasive. The most prevalent photo-
chemical oxidant and an important contributor
to "smog," ozone is unique among the criteria
pollutants in that it is not emitted directly into
the air, but instead results from complex
chemical reactions in the atmosphere between
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the presence of sun-
light. Further, there are thousands of sources of
VOCs and NOX located across the country. To
track and control ozone EPA must develop an
understanding of not only the pollutant, but the
chemicals, reactions, and conditions that
contribute to its formation as well.
Section 182(c)(l) of the 1990 CAAA called
for improved monitoring of ozone and its
precursors, VOC, and NOX in order to obtain
more comprehensive and representative data
on ozone air pollution. Responding to this
requirement, EPA promulgated regulations to
initiate the PAMS (Photochemical Assessment
Monitoring Stations) program in February
1993. The PAMS program requires the
establishment of an enhanced monitoring
network in all ozone nonattainment areas
classified as serious, severe, or extreme. The 22
affected ozone areas listed in Table 3-1 cover
113 thousand square miles and have a total
population of 79 million people.
Each PAMS network consists of as many as
five monitoring stations, depending on the
area's population. These stations are carefully
located based on meteorology, topography, and
relative proximity to emissions of VOC and
NOX. Generally, each PAMS network consists
of four different monitoring sites (Types 1, 2, 3,
and 4) designed to fulfill unique data collection
objectives. The Type 1 site is located upwind of
the metropolitan area to measure ozone and
precursors being transported into the area. The
Type 2 site is referred to as the maximum
precursor emissions impact site. As the name
implies, it is designed to collect data on the type
Table 3-1. Metropolitan Areas Requiring PAMS
1. Los Angeles-South Coast and SE Desert Mofied AQMA are
combined into one PAMS area referred to as South Coast /
SEDAB.
2. Chicago and Milwaukee are combined into one PAMS area
referred to as Lake Michigan.
3. Beaumont was reclassified to moderate on 6/3/96, thus
mitigating its PAMS requirements.
CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING 39
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
and magnitude of ozone precursor emissions
emanating from the metropolitan area. The
Type 2 sites are typically located downwind of
the central business district and operate
according to a more intensive monitoring
schedule than other PAMS stations. The Type
2 sites measure a greater array of precursors
and are also suited for the evaluation of urban
air toxics. For larger nonattainment areas, a
second Type 2 site is required in the second-
most predominant wind direction. The Type 3
stations are intended to measure maximum
ozone concentrations and are sited further
downwind of the urban area and the Type 2
sites. The Type 4 PAMS sites are located
downwind of the nonattainment area to assess
ozone and precursor levels exiting the area and
potentially contributing to the ozone problem
in other areas. In addition to the surface mon-
itoring sites described above, each PAMS area
is also required to monitor upper air me-
teorology at one representative site. Regu-
lations allow a 5-year transition or phase-in
schedule for the program at a rate of at least one
station per area per year. The first official year
of implementation for PAMS was 1994.
The data collected at the PAMS sites
include measurements of ozone, NOX, a target
list of VOCs including several carbonyls (see
Table 3-2) as well as surface and upper air
meteorology. Most PAMS sites measure 56
target hydrocarbons on either an hourly or
3-hour basis during the ozone season. The Type
2 sites also collect data on three carbonyl
compounds (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and
acetone) every three hours during the PAMS
monitoring period. Included in the monitored
VOC species are nine compounds classified as
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). All stations
also measure ozone, NOX, and surface meteor-
ological parameters on an hourly basis.
Since its inception, the PAMS program has
exhibited steady and successful growth. As of
October 1996 there were a total of 65 operating
PAMS sites, up from 37 in 1994 and 54 in 1995.
The implementation process was expected to
culminate in the summer of 1998 when approx-
imately 90 sites would be operational in the
originally designated PAMS areas. Because
redesignations are anticipated for several
ozone nonattainment areas, the list of areas that
require PAMS may change and the imple-
mentation schedule may be extended.1 Despite
the ambitious schedule and "cutting edge" nature
of the monitoring technologies employed, data
from most sites operating in 1995 have been
reported to the Aerometric Information
Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA's national reposi-
tory for air pollution data. Because of its complex
technical nature and the magnitude of
monitoring requirements, programmatic prag-
matism is essential to PAMS continued success.
For this reason, flexibility was designed into the
PAMS regulations, allowing for .submission
and approval of alternative network designs
and sampling schemes. For example, although
there are 22 areas classified as serious, severe,
or extreme for ozone, the flexibility of the prog-
ram allowed areas in close proximity to one
Table 3-2. PAMS Target List of VOCs
fifcytene ^ [ ^ fe»Efaj(§ffet(tan8 .JN
fl-Octane?"'
n-Propjflbenzene
40 CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
another to consolidate their monitoring oper-
ations; therefore, only 20 PAMS networks exist.
EPA is continually evaluating and refining
the PAMS program with input from the
participating organizations. In 1994, EPA and
the states identified sample-handling pro-
cedures which caused the data to be unreliable
for certain monitored VOC species; EPA subse-
quently removed theses species from the
required target list. Currently, EPA is
considering overall program modifications in
an effort to optimize the networks and reduce
costs.
EPA believes that data gathered by PAMS
will greatly enhance the ability of state and
local air pollution control agencies to effectively
evaluate ozone nonattainment conditions and
identify cost-effective control strategies. Fur-
ther, the agency anticipates that the meas-
urements will be of substantial value in
verifying ozone precursor emissions inven-
tories and in corroborating estimates of area-
wide emissions reductions. The data will be
used to evaluate, adjust, and provide input to
the photochemical grid models utilized by the
states to develop ozone control strategies and
demonstrate their success. PAMS will provide
information to evaluate population risk
exposure, expand the data base available to
confirm attainment/nonattainment decisions,
and develop ozone and ozone precursor trends.
EPA is extremely committed to the analysis and
interpretation of PAMS data. Approximately
three million federal dollars are allocated
annually to state, local, and consolidated
environmental agencies for data
characterization and analysis.
EPA participates with programs and org-
anizations such as the Northeast States for Co-
ordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM),
the North American Research Strategy for
Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO), and the Mid-
Atlantic RegionalAir Management Association
(MARAMA) in their analytical endeavors. The
Agency also recently began conducting PAMS
analysis workshops to share and elicit feedback
on current analytical techniques and their
applicability. Although the PAMS program is
still young, comprehensive analysis and inter-
pretation of its data are already being per-
formed. EPA recently released the inaugural
issue of the PAMS 1996 Data Analysis Results
Report which chronicles real PAMS analysis
examples from these earlier studies. This
report, intended for annual updates, focuses on
all sectors of PAMS analysis and its associated
benefits. Topics include: ozone episode
characterization; VOC characterization;
emissions inventory re view/refinement;
emission-based model support; observation-
based model support; and quality assurance/
quality control. Although detailed discussion
of the PAMS 1996 Data Analysis Results Report
content is beyond the scope of this chapter,
copies of the report and other information
concerning PAMS data analysis can be
obtained from EPA's Emissions, Monitoring,
and Analysis Division.2
Because the emphasis of this report is on air
quality and ambient trends, this chapter will
focus on those topics as they relate to PAMS. It
is currently too early in the development and
implementation of the PAMS program to assess
overall and network-specific trends in the
ambient concentrations of ozone precursors.
However, some limited 1994 and 1995 sum-
mary data for selected precursors at PAMS
sites, as well as basic ozone statistics, are
provided in this report's data appendix. Table
A-12 shows ozone exceedance counts and
annual maximum concentrations for opera-
tional PAMS sites. Table A-13 presents summer
season statistics for various precursors
computed from 1-hour and 3-hour samples.
Table A-14 provides annual and seasonal
speciated VOC statistics calculated from
24-hour samples. The VOC parameters high-
lighted in Tables A-13 and A-14 were selected
based on their toxicity and/or their high ozone-
forming potential (as discussed further in this
chapter). Space limitations of this report
prohibit inclusion of a more expansive set of
comprehensive statistics. The statistics in these
three tables are presented merely to relay shifts
in the severity of the ozone problem in the
affected areas and highlight year-to-year
changes in concentration levels of "important"
precursors. The reader is cautioned that these
CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING 41
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
results are preliminary and subject to change.
Site data shown may not reflect actual
conditions within the entire represented
nonattainment area; aggregate data may not
accurately reflect conditions across all PAMS
networks. For specific data qualifications, see
table endnotes.
Between 1994 and 1995, composite average
annual daily maximum ozone concentrations
at operational (both years) PAMS sites in-
creased about 7 percent; this is slightly more
than the 4 percent overall national increase
noted in Chapter 2 for aggregate annual second
daily maximum ozone concentrations. Note
also, as discussed in Chapter 2, that
concentrations of ozone adjusted for the effects
of meteorology at 44 major urban areas showed
a downward trend during this same time
period. The number of measured ozone
NAAQS exceedances increased more than 12
percent between 1994 and 1995 at matched
(both years reported) PAMS sites. Only two of
the 20 PAMS areas, South Coast/SEDAB and El
Paso, showed aggregate drops in exceedance
counts. Preliminary checks of 1996 ozone data
revealed significant reductions in concentration
levels and measured exceedances from the 1995
levels (in some cases below the 1994 levels). Al-
though there were substantial increases in
ozone concentrations at most PAMS sites
between 1994 and 1995, the majority of PAMS
sites showed decreases in the ozone precursors
highlighted in Tables A-13 and A-14. A sum-
mary of the 1994-1995 changes for these
compounds is shown in Table 3-3. Of the 14
ozone precursors evaluated, summer mean
concentration levels of only isoprene had more
sites with statistically significant increases
(1994 to 1995) than statistically significant
decreases. Annual mean concentration levels
of only n-hexane had more sites with
statistically significant increases than
statistically significant decreases.
Of the featured parameters, benzene
showed the most dramatic declines. Federally
mandated reformulated gasoline (RFC), which
has reduced benzene and aromatic content, was
required in "severe" and "extreme" ozone
nonattainment areas beginning in 1995. (Note
that additional areas were allowed to "opt-in"
Table 3-3. Summary of Mean Concentration Changes for Selected VOCs, 1994-1995
All Sites -""'-'•
Msdian
^7. >mmm
Parameter
Total
Change
Hfe i«tom
Total NMOC
4,
13
-18%
stilfeli ii^M',...
11
--• 11
'£-,. 4 '„':•
Aaetaldehyde
Benzene
1
Eihylbena;ne
17
' , -Z2S& ',
1?
\\
i;4;:;
Pormaldetiydo
•$4%.;'
Isoprcne
17
, 6
T&.
14
.•;«----'
N-hetane
17
:: i6 „•:,..,
17
:S,^ML'',
-m, '
Stytene
17
47%-
Toluene
11
Note: "#Up" and "#Down" refer to the number of sites with a 1994-1995 mean concentration that was statistically significant. Thus, the
total number of sites may not equal the sum of the numbers in the columns labeled "#Up" and "#Down".
42 CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Concentration, ppb
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
California PAMS-Annual PAMS- Summer
(23 sites) (8 sites) (19 sites)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Note: California data are from CARB. California means and PAMS annual means are computed from
24-hour samples. PAMS summer means are computed from 1-hour & 3-hour samples.
to the RFG program). Benzene emissions from
motor vehicles were expected to drop an
estimated 30 to 40 percent after the
introduction of RFG; this decrease was
predicted to be "detectable in ambient data as
a relatively abrupt change occurring between
the summers of 1994 and 1995."3 Of the 19
PAMS sites that reported data in 1994 and 1995,
the median reduction in benzene
concentrations was 38 percent. A greater
proportion of sites in RFG areas showed
statistically significant decreases in average
benzene and other highlighted mobile-related
VOC concentrations than did sites in areas that
did not use RFG. In Figure 3-1, PAMS
composite average annual and summer
benzene means for 1994 and 1995 are plotted
along with a recently released California
benzene trend from the California Air
Resources Board (CARB).4 Although there are
notable differences in the mean levels, the
relative changes between 1994 and 1995 are
quite similar.
Of all the targeted VOC species, the seven
most prevalent (in parts per billion Carbon,
ppbC) at the Type 2 maximum precursor
emissions PAMS sites, based on 1995 summer
averages, are shown in Table 3-4. Although the
compounds and rankings vary slightly from
site to site, four compounds are present on most
CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING 43
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
lists: isopentane, toluene, propane, and ethane.
Similar results have been found in earlier
studies.5 On average, the top seven compounds
at each "type 2 site accounted for about 50
percent of the total targeted ppbC. Though all
the PAMS targeted VOCs (as well as additional
reactive sources of carbon) contribute to the
formation of ozone, some contribute more
significantly than others. In 1994, William
Cartel1 of the University of California published
a set of "ozone forming potential" factors
known as the Maximum Incremental Reactivity
(MIR) scale.6 The MIR technique was adapted
by the State of California in setting automotive
emissions standards. Applying the MIR factors
to the means used in Table 3-4, a different set of
compounds appears on top (see Table 3-5). The
top seven reactivity-weighted compounds
overall at the 17 Type 2 sites shown are
formaldehyde, m&p-xylenes, ethylene,
acetaldehyde, propylene, toluene, and iso-
prene. The targeted carbonyls formaldehyde
and acetaldehyde ranked high overall in spite
of the fact that they were not reported at several
of the sites. Although applying the factors to
episode or period (e.g. morning) data may be
more appropriate, the simple conversion
illustrated does correspond favorably to prior
studies. A 1994 analysis by the Ambient
Monitoring and Assessment Committee of
NESCAUM found comparable ranking results
for the sites in just their region.7 The
NESCAUM study found the five most active
ozone-forming VOCs during studied ozone
episodes to be formaldehyde, isoprene, acetal-
dehyde, m&p-xylene, and toluene. These five
compounds accounted for more than 75 percent
of the ozone-forming potential during the
studied episodes. The top seven species at each
site listed in Table 3-5 accounted for less (65
percent) of the total PAMS targeted ozone-
forming potential, but that discrepancy can
most likely be linked to the use of overall sum-
mer averages as opposed to episode averages.
Because of their high overall rankings for
ozone-forming potential at the Type 2 sites,
summary statistics for the top seven
compounds listed in Table 3-5 are included in
the Appendix A. Additional parameters were
selected because of their toxicity. (Notice the
Table 3-4. Most Abundant Targeted VOCs at Type 2 PAMS Sites-Summer 1995
(Numbers indicate ranking: 1=most prevalent)
r,. ',, IK',""',!' "'''ln| " » '."I'l.!1!, . ' ,' ''' ',,,H
1 ,., J , ^
- „ '' ' , ..... I'ii. ,„„: :' . ? , .''
' ' '" " """ '"
Ai
pa
1
&untrint--Jeft Gb. Aupcrt
xstoo-QintcnEiive
5,
Jf
44 CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
overlap between these two groups: formal-
dehyde, m&p-xylenes, acetaldehyde, and
toluene are both HAPs and on the top seven
reactivity-weighted list.)
Although the compounds shown in Table
3-5 have the highest ozone-forming potential
overall at the Type 2 sites, a blanket reduction
in these compounds may not necessarily
reduce ozone levels. Sometimes NOX
reductions as opposed to VOC reductions will
contribute more to reducing ozone
concentrations. Because ozone concentrations
are sensitive to shifts in the relative abundance
of VOC and NOX, the VOC to NOX ratio is
helpful in ozone control strategy planning.
The morning VOC to NOX ratio is
typically mentioned as a useful starting point
for evaluating which type of controls (VOG
and/or NOX) to consider.7 A VOC to NOX ratio
less than about 6 implies that the area is "VOC-
limited" and areas where the ratio is greater
than about 10 are considered to be "NOX-
limited." In a VOC-limited area, VOC
reductions will be most effective in reducing
ozone concentrations, while NOX reductions
may actually increase them. In a NOx-limited
area, NOX controls will be the most effective at
reducing ozone concentrations. However,
unlike NOX controls, VOC reductions "always
have benefits, or at worst no effect, and never
have any adverse effect on air quality."8 When
VOC to NOX ratios fall somewhere in between
6 and 10, ozone concentrations in the region
may be sensitive to changes in VOC and/or
NOX.9 VOC to NOX ratios computed from
summer morning (6-9 a.m. DST) means are
provided in Table 3-6. Although more intricate
analyses should be utilized in actual strategic
planning (such as evaluation of the entire
distribution of daily/hourly ratios and absolute
concentration levels, more emphasis on the
ratios for episode days, consideration of aloft
measurements, etc.), the ratios shown do evoke
a sense of the heterogeneity of conditions across
networks and the necessity of supplementary
analysis. Note that many of the ratios fall
between 6 and 10. Also, because over time an
area may convert from one regime to another
Table 3-5. Top Reactivity-Weighted Targeted VOCs at Type 2 PAMS Sites-Summer 1995
"j -K"" * *
~S"~ > , -*^
m
(o-Xyiene)
f-2
Is-
j^
"s?
CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING 45
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995 .
Table 3-6. Summer 6-9 a.m. VOC:NOX Ratios at Type 2
PAMS Sites, 1994-1995
Area-Site
1994
Baltinwe- Morgan Slate
6.3
Baton Rouge - Capitol
7.0
12.1
Boston -Lynn
4.7
4,0
Connecticut - E. Hartford
4.8
iate MBcfiigan - Chteago-Jardine
[ Msfangton ~ feffilian Beservolr' r' 5.8
Notes
1. VOC to NOx ratios are computed from 6-9 a.m. DST summer
site means;
2. Data are only shown for years/sites that reported both
parameters in at least two months of the summer ozone season.
The summer ozone season is June-August for all states but CA;
In CA the season is July-September.
(VOC-limited to NOx-limited or vice versa),
frequent reevaluation of the ratio as well as
other factors is critical.
The VOC to NOX ratio is just one example
of the myriad of information produced by the
PAMS networks invaluable to the development
and evaluation of ozone control strategies and
programs. A few other examples include:
upper air and surface meteorological data
capable of identifying transport trajectories,
inter-species (benzene/toluene, xylene/
toluene) components sufficient to quantify
airmass aging, inputs to statistical models
(regression and neural network analysis)
capable of forecasting high ozone concen-
trations and identifying vital VOC species, and
continuous speciated detail useful for corrob-
orating inventories and validating photo-
chemical models. (For detailed discussion of
these topics, see the previously noted PAMS
1996 Data Analysis Results Report), hi addition,
the networks will provide long-term pers-
pectives on changes in atmospheric
concentrations of ozone and its precursors
(some of which are also hazardous air
pollutants), provide information to evaluate
population exposure, and most importantly,
deliver a more complete understanding of the
complex problem of ozone so that we may
move toward the best solution.
46 CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
References and Notes
. Beaumont was recently reclassified on June
3, 1996 to "moderate" thus mitigating its
PAMS requirements. St. Louis and Dallas
are expected to be reclassified as "serious,"
thus requiring them to implement PAMS.
Contact Mark Schmidt at voice (919) 541-
2416, or via Internet at 'mschmidt®
epamail.epa.gov'.
Stoeckenius et al, Recommendations for Anal-
ysis of PAMS Data, Systems Application In-
ternational, 1994
Donald Hammond, Ambient Trends of Ben-
zene in California from 1990 through 1995, pre-
sented at the U.S. EPA /A&WMA Interna-
tional Symposium on Measurement of
Toxics and Related Air Pollutants, RTF, NC,
5/7-9/96.
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Re-
port, 1994, EPA-454/R-95-014, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC, November 1995.
6. W.P.L Carter (1994), Development of Ozone
Reactivity Scales for Volatile Organic Com-
pounds, /. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc.
44:881-899.
7. Preview of 1994 Ozone Precursor Concentra-
tions in the Northeastern United States, The
Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Com-
mittee, NESCAUM, 1995, R. Poirot, ed.
Boston, MA.
8. Ralph E. Morris, Review of Recent Ozone Mea-
surement and Modeling Studies in the Eastern
United States, ENVIRON Corporation, 1995.
9. The VOC to NOx ratio is insufficient in-and-
of-itself to determine whether VOC and/or
NOx control will be most effective in reduc-
ing ozone levels. It must be tempered with
some knowledge about the total emission
reduction that will be necessary to achieve
the standard as well as some knowledge re-
garding the cost and technical feasibility of
implementing requisite control measures.
CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING 47
-------
48 CHAPTERS: PAMS: ENHANCED OZONE & PRECURSOR MONITORING
-------
CHAPTER 4
Air Toxics
The Air Toxics Program
Background
Hazardous air pollutants, also commonly refer-
red to as air toxics, are pollutants which cause,
or may cause, severe health effects or eco-
system damage. Examples of air toxics include
dioxins, benzene, arsenic, beryllium, mercury,
and vinyl chloride. The Clean Air Act (CAA)
lists 188 pollutants as hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs) and targets them for regulation in
section 112 (b)(l) of the CAA. Air toxics are
emitted from all types of sources, including
large industrial sources, small stationary
sources, and mobile sources.
Control of air toxic pollutants differs in
focus from control of the six principle NAAQS
pollutants. For the six NAAQS pollutants,
control strategies are used in geographic areas
where the national air quality standards have
been violated. In contrast, EPA has focused on
identifying the sources of air toxics and
developing nationwide technology-based per-
formance standards for these sources. The
objective is to ensure that sources of air toxic
pollution are as well controlled as technology
will allow regardless of geographic location.
The air toxics program and the NAAQS
program complement each other. Many air
toxics are emitted in the form of particles or as
organic compounds. Control efforts to meet the
NAAQS for ozone and PM-10 can also reduce
air toxic emissions. Further, as air pollution
control strategies for automobiles become more
stringent, air toxic emissions that can result
from vehicles are also reduced. Requirements
under the air toxics program can also
significantly reduce emissions of some of the
six NAAQS pollutants. For example, EPA's
final air toxics rule for organic chemical
manufacturing is expected to reduce VOC
emissions (which form ozone or ground-level
smog) by nearly 1 million tons annually. Also,
the implementation of programs requiring the
use of reformulated gasoline may have resulted
in the significantly reduced benzene
concentrations discussed in Chapter 3 of this
report.
The air toxics program is especially impor-
tant in reducing air emissions at or near isolated
industrial locations and in controlling pollutants
that are toxic even when emitted in small
amounts. Additionally, EPAhas developed mech-
anisms to prevent sudden, catastrophic releases
like the Bhopal chemical plant explosion in 1985.
Companies handling or using toxic chemicals are
required by EPA to develop programs to prevent
accidental releases and to contain any releases in
the event they should occur.
Health Effects
At sufficient concentrations and exposure
durations, human health effects from air toxics
can include cancer, poisoning, and immediate
illness. Other less measurable effects include
immunological, neurological, reproductive,
developmental, and respiratory effects. Haz-
ardous air pollutants may also be deposited
onto soil or into water bodies, thereby affecting
ecological systems and eventually human health.
In addition to inhalation exposure from
HAPs, indirect exposures from some HAPs can
occur particularly through the ingestion of
food. These HAPs can bio-accumulate in body
tissues and magnify up the food web, meaning
each level accumulates the toxics and passes
the burden along to the next level of the food
web. Top consumers in the food web, usually
consumers of large fish, may accumulate
chemical concentrations many millions of times
greater than the concentrations present in the
CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS 49
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
water. As a result, fish consumption advisories
have been issued in hundreds of water bodies
nationwide, including the Great Lakes.
Adverse effects range from immune system
disease and reproductive problems in wildlife to
subtle developmental and neurological impacts
on children and fetuses.
Ecological effects attributable to bio-ac-
cumulating HAPs can be subtle or delayed in
onset. These effects include immune function
impairment, reproductive problems, and neu-
rological changes—all of which can affect
population survival.
Emissions Sources
There are approximately 4.4 million tons of air
toxics released to the air each year. Due to the
considerable uncertainty in evaluating these
pollutants, the air toxics issue has been
described more often in qualitative, rather than
quantitative, terms. In addition, ambient
concentration data for individual air toxic
pollutants is limited (both spatially and
temporally) in comparison to the long-term
nationwide monitoring for the six criteria
pollutants. For these reasons, characterization
of the air toxics issue in this chapter relies on
emissions data. However, it is important to
note that in an effort to understand the ozone
problem, EPA is beginning to develop a
monitoring strategy to evaluate ambient
concentrations of certain ozone-forming VOCs.
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring
Stations (PAMS) collect data on concentrations
of ozone and its precursors. Because many
ozone precursors are also air toxics, ambient
data collected from PAMS sites is being used to
evaluate the toxics problem as well as the ozone
problem. Preliminary analysis of
measurements of individual VOCs in urban
areas classified as serious, severe, or extreme
ozone nonattainment areas indicate that
concentrations of certain toxic VOCs in those
areas appear to be declining. In particular,
benzene levels showed a significant decline
between 1994 and 1995 (38 percent), possibly as
a result of the use of reformulated gasoline in
those areas. It should be noted that PAMS
measurements have only been taken for three
years, and that continuing efforts in the PAMS
program will provide more confidence in
evaluating the long-term trends of benzene and
other VOCs. For a more detailed discussion of
the PAMS program, see Chapter 3 of this report.
The Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS) is currently developing a
National Toxics Inventory (NTI) which in-
cludes all of the 188 hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs, as identified in the CAA) emitted from
796 categories of point, area, and mobile
sources1. Data from the Toxic Release
Inventory (TRI) were used as the foundation of
this inventory. However, TRI data are signif-
icantly limited in several key aspects as a tool
for comprehensively characterizing the scope
of the air toxics issue. For example, TRI does
not include estimates of air toxics emissions
from mobile and area sources2. Therefore, NTI
has incorporated other data to create a more
complete inventory3. Data resulting from EPA
studies required by sections 112k and 112(c)(6)
of the CAA as well as the Mercury Study, the
Utility Air Toxics Study, and data used to
develop Maximum Achievable Control
Technologies (MACT) standards, have been
incorporated into NTI. In addition, state and
local data such as the California Air Resources
Board's (CARB) Hot Spots Report have been used
in NTI.
NTI and its use of non-TRI data represent
a significant improvement in the charac-
terization of the air toxics issue. As shown in
Figure 4-1, NTI indicates that area sources
account for approximately 31 percent of toxic
emissions, and mobile sources account for 39
percent of toxic emissions (relative to the 188
listed HAPs). Further, NTI suggests that TRI
data alone represent less than half of the total
emissions from the point source category.
Further analyses based on NTI data for a list of
37 selected toxics pollutants are summarized
below.
Table 4-1 provides information on the
effects associated with each pollutant and the
current NTI annual emissions estimate for each
pollutant. In addition, Table 4-1 identifies those
hazardous air pollutants that are also tropo-
spheric ozone and/or particulate matter
50 CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
precursors. It should be noted that these 37
pollutants account for approximately 86
percent of the total annual emissions of the 188
listed HAPs. Figure 4-2 shows the geographic
distribution of total toxic pollutants by state for
high, medium, and low emissions categories.
Table 4-2 lists the 20 top emitting source
categories for 37 pollutants including point,
area and mobile sources. These 20 source
categories account for 79 percent of toxic
emissions (relative to the listed HAPs). As
mentioned earlier, area, and mobile sources
collectively account for 70 percent of toxic
emissions; in fact, the first two source categor-
ies, on-road motor vehicles and residential
wood combustion, account for approximately
47 percent of the HAPs emitted annually.
Air Toxics Regulation and
Implementation Status
The 1990 CAAA greatly expanded the number
of industries affected by national air toxic
emissions controls. The emissions reductions
from these controls are just beginning to be
realized for some industries. Large industrial
complexes (major sources) such as chemical
plants, oil refineries, marine tank vessel
loading, aerospace manufacturers, steel mills,
if
M
Point: Non-TRI
16 %
CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS 51
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table 4-1. 37 Toxic Pollutants—Ranked by Annual Emissions Totals
'Ami, . '''. J*!
M*tt"'*'>^""Mg'''^'^glg!lf'ai"*1111''"" """"•!!'
ighly Toxic Environmentally Effects* from s Ozone PWorPil ' National
•'ojlujant' __ Pftrslstenl1' „ ..... Jjeute Expolsurr- 9npxt$£ jfwwwjL ^ ""
TTT
.•.rf.-.-.--.rrr.^---f- '-"
vlethytene chloride
rs
:^fo(ofm
Nickel compounds
anganess compounds
} elhor
, 't.uj1.;1^.:^
lene oxioe
9}m§'f.<^'Pom^!
;i72E*GS^
jAie^es *
1.09E+tl5-
4.34E404 /
>^tf$?'i*>Mr» >
1.44E-Q2,
' Coke oven gas emissions not included in Version 2 of the National Toxic Inventory.
a Highly toxic HAP are those HAP with a reference concentration of less than 5.0E-03%g/m3 (noncancer effects); a weight of evidence
classification of A (known human carcinogen) or B1 (probable human carcinogen); or, a verified unit risk estimate of greater than 2.0 E-05'5
(ug/m3)'1 and a weight of evidence classification of A or B.
b HAP for which there is potential for persistence in the environment of greater than 14 days.
52 CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
and a number of surface coating operations are
some of the industries being controlled for toxic
air pollution. Where warranted, smaller
sources (area sources) of toxic air pollution such
as dry cleaning operations, solvent cleaning,
commercial sterilizers, secondary lead
smelters, and chrome plating are also affected.
Within the next 10 years, the air toxics program
is projected to reduce emissions of toxic air
pollutants by well over 1.5 million tons
annually.
Emissions Reductions through Air Toxics
Regulation
The regulation of air toxics emissions through
the process outlined in Section 112 of the 1990
CAAA, referred to as maximum achievable
control technology (MACT) regulations, is
beginning to achieve significant emissions
reductions of HAPs as well as criteria pollut-
ants. As Figure 4-3 shows, as of October 1996
MACT standards have been promulgated for
47 source categories, representing all MACT
standards in the 2- and 4-year groups. Sources
are required to comply with these standards
within 3 years of the effective date of the
regulation, with some exceptions. EPA
estimates reductions of 983,000 tons per year in
HAP emissions and reductions of about
1,810,000 tons per year from the combined
emissions of PM-10 (a criteria pollutant) and
volatile organic compounds (ozone precursors).
The MACT standards producing these
emissions reductions are listed in Figures 4-4
and 4-5, along with an estimate of the assoc-
iated HAP reductions unique to each standard.
The 10 MACT standards in Figure 4-4, which
are collectively responsible for the majority of
the HAP emissions decreases, individually
produce reductions ranging from 7,000 to
506,000 tons per year. The 10 MACT standards
in Figure 4-5 reduce emissions of hazardous air
Table 4-2. Top 20 Sources of Toxic Emissions for 37 Toxic Pollutants, 1990
!''K.£i?K*-4#B*r 57
57*7
J8h jt..J..........
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
pollutants which have very significant health
impacts such as dioxin, chromium, lead,
mercury, cadmium, arsenic, coke oven emis-
sions, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene.
The specific pollutants whose emissions
are reduced by the MACT program are detailed
in Table 4-3 and further in the Table A-21 in the
Data Appendix. In Table 4-3, the standards
listed control one or more of the specified
pollutants. Those pollutants that are
potentially controlled by a standard are
designated by an "x". Some of these HAPs are
of particular interest to the special studies
discussed in the next section.
Special Studies
As required by the 1990 CAAA, EPA is also
conducting special studies to assess the mag-
nitude and effects of air toxics focusing on
specific sources, receptors, and pollutants.
Summaries of examples of such examinations
are presented below.
The Great Waters Study
Section 112(m)(5) of the CAA requires a study
and reports to Congress every two years
assessing the extent of atmospheric deposition
of HAPs and other pollutants to the Great
Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain,
and coastal waters, and the need for new
regulations to protect these water bodies. The
pollutants of concern to this effort include
nitrogen compounds, mercury, and pesticides
in addition to other HAPs. There are extensive
research programs underway through this
program to provide new understanding of the
complicated issue of atmospheric deposition of
air pollution to water bodies. New scientific
findings will be incorporated into each
required biennial report to Congress and
appropriate regulatory recommendations will
be made based on those findings. This statute
provides the authority to introduce new regula-
tions or influence those under development in
order to prevent adverse effects from these pol-
lutants to human health and the environment.
Utility Air Toxics Study
As mandated by Section 112(n)(l)(A) of the
CAA, the Agency is studying HAP emissions
from fossil fuel fired (coal, oil, and gas) electric
utilities and the associated hazards to public
health. A draft utility report identifies 67 HAPs
in the emissions database. The report predicts
that in the next two decades, there will be
Sep-93 Oct-93 Feb-94 Jul-94 Nov-94 Feb-95 May-95 Jul-95 Nov-95 May-96 Jul-96
Date MACT Standard Promulgated
54 CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table 4-3. Major Pollutants Controlled by Promulgated MACT Standards
(All 2- and 4-Year Standards)
Note: The demarkation "x" implies that the standard controls
roughly a 30 percent increase in HAP emissions
from coal-fired utilities and roughly a 50
percent decline in HAP emissions from oil-fired
utilities. These projections are primarily based
on anticipated energy demands and changes in
fuel usage, but also account for other factors such
as expected controls.
The Mercury Study
The Mercury Study is a comprehensive study
of mercury emissions from anthropogenic
sources in the United States, an assessment of
the public health and ecological effects of such
emissions, an analysis of technologies to control
mercury emissions, and the costs of such
control. The study is mandated by section
112(n)(l)(B) of the CAA. A number of
observations can be made regarding trends in
mercury emissions. The overall consumption
one or more of the specified pollutants.
of mercury is generally declining in industrial
or manufacturing sources that use mercury.
Industrial consumption of mercury has de-
clined by about a third between 1988 and 1993.
Much of this decline can be attributed to the
elimination of mercury as a paint additive and
the reduction of mercury in batteries. Reducing
mercury in manufactured products is
important because emissions of mercury are
likely to occur when these products are broken or
discarded. Based on trends in mercury use, EPA
predicts that manufacturing use of mercury
will continue to decline with chlorine pro-
duction from mercury cell chlor-alkali plants.
These plants continue to account for most of the
use in, and emissions from, the manufacturing
sector. Secondary production of mercury will
continue to increase as more recycling facilities
begin operations to recover mercury from
CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS 55
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table 4-3. Major Pollutants Controlled by Promulgated MACT Standards
(All 2- and 4-Year Standards) (continued)
^"""XL ,..',,;,".
" Standard
f^e Dry Cleaning1
Goto Oven:;
p"n4(^4iigTWre"
Somm SterifizBrs
uhfowtiHn Else.
^Wetictape
^agelGiwjte
Degreasera
T&RlIx
^MondaiyCead;
Pat/oHafinerlgs
» / * *%
*Wood Furniture
•Sitpbuildir.g
J3|:ft»J^ast8 '
^IrtJngliKib
|toiyl Resins ty
^% A Resins 1
i *',* , "
^^•P^ijteril "" -* ,^^* l^tit ™ * '
Eplchtoro- l-a&itadtene EttjyteiwOxidfr M6K J%lei»^&t^M^n|tt-' Awytonttrite MCI K«4»e
liydrin x M»K '.Qlycof atiers FwiwMefiyde »^ ** , ' -
Chlwoprene ' ^ f *^ sv^Acetofdehyde ^'^ , , ^ ^-^
' "V 2 v * •*"/~,.-V ( "^ J7jV/.^1±f. ......
; " ^ v K "^ ^ ' *.,f'^-' g.fc^y' ,»^
Marty HAPs AlsContrdfed'- ~ fr^-ft,,- XIT" "*- « " --\
"^ '" "• ^/"^^ ,'-- **,«?*" ^-
. X '.'".^r. - r,,C, ,' , „, „ ,..,....,^...J" ,- - -, —
/*.. . . ^UJI1 , ,„„„ l.l»n, „„,„-,., -1, „ '•-"'"*'• -' '--£
_ _ -/S ,^r< ^ ^ C*^fr" ' J* ' ^
x' - •• ' '£* --• " /<. ' ' ,^T "X * „*- ' ~ *
^ — t» ,SS" " -<"• >*>"*"'; x1
I ntn mini, mm ainmini »mn,)»,wui «u i — «,i,in,,i«ntiU«M«ij«ulii»i«»i»»a«m^^
''•?,, v,y ' * '*•' "' « ' j)SSj * ^.^m^il^
> -'ij, " "/ * r T1*" ' , ' „ x, -tfv^r*" . - '•<"v"1 ^.
-. , ,-- «- s< >i\,fv"*^r~,~','^\\i&s^' , X',/'W-/r
'*",; ¥> -: ^V i^'.^rf^T-':?,^ .,^.^. -
, , ,,,,,„..,.„ , ,-,.,, . , ., ,-, , „,,„ „„„,„-,..,'„ _ u,T,EnTv^l,6,«/J»»,,.«11,-in«,,C.«».s!^.4ii -^ , -Jm-,-,! : ,A,^~~*. ,..-i?-
X^" **' /'/*%* ^^ "** ^* ''X* v_"! rf«-''1" •* j ^^ / ^
i A ^ A^S^" ^, ,, ,,, j,'^('iiSfi\ •li" ^ jiS ^f/l5/S/''P!rt^^S'\.'^i!vj; uj l *
•> ^ ^ X " », ""* —^ ^ jf-'^T. _ 1 ' v -^ A
XV^- ^ ^Jf < '" ^ *** ^ ~
„ ,j -'-'''-'•«•,, f - "*
xx , -, ""^H4* "~ '^^ "w "' x^J^f^^^ ^:
u. "*" • * >• -^ ^,^f~^,-/, > ^ / * ,
Note: The demarkation V implies that the standard controls one or more of the specified pollutants.
discarded products and wastes. A significant
decrease will occur in mercury emissions from
municipal waste combustors and medical
waste incinerators if the regulations proposed
by EPA for these source categories are fully
implemented. Based on predictions in energy
demands and fuel usage, mercury emissions
from utility boilers are expected to increase.
The Mercury Study is expected to be completed
in 1999.
The Specific Pollutants Strategy
Section 112(c)(6) of the CAA requires EPA to
identify the sources of 90 percent of air
emissions of alkylated lead compounds, poly-
cyclic organic matter, hexachlorobenzene,
mercury, polychlorinatedbiphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetra-
chlorodibenzofurans, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlor-
dibenzo-p-dioxin. The Agency is required to
develop a strategy to promulgate standards for
these sources by the year 2000.
The Urban Area Source Program
Section 112(k) of the CAA requires EPA to
develop a strategy that will subject the sources
of HAP emissions in urban areas to standard
controls and thereby reduce cancer risk from
those HAPs by 75 percent. Research to
determine which HAPs and sources will be
included in the strategy are currently under
development.
56 CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS 57
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Notes
1. This report references the number of hazard-
ous air pollutants identified in Section
112(b)(l) of the Clean Air Act as 188 rather
than 189 (as in previous reports) due to the
Agency's modification of the list to remove
caprolactam (Hazardous Air Pollutant List;
Modification, 61 FR 30816, June 18,1996).
2. In addition to the absence of emissions esti-
mates for area and mobile source categories,
there are other significant limitations in the
inventory's portrayal of overall HAP emis-
sions. First, facilities with Standard Indus-
trial Classification (SIC) codes outside the
range of 20 to 39 (the manufacturing SIC
range) are not required to report. Therefore,
HAP emissions from facilities such as min-
ing operations, electric utilities, and oil and
gas production operations are not represent-
ed in the TRI. Further, TRI data are self-re-
ported by the emitting facilities, and TRI
does not require facilities to perform any
actual monitoring or testing to develop their
TRI estimates. Consequently, the accuracy of
the reported data may vary from facility to
facility and year to year. Finally, the original
TRI list only required reporting for 173 of the
188 HAPs identified in the CAAA.
It should be noted that the National Toxics
Inventory (NTI) is a work in progress and
additional Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) studies still need to be
added along with state and local toxic inven-
tory data and results from Title V surveys.
58 CHAPTER 4: AIR TOXICS
-------
CHAPTER 5
Nonattainment Areas
This chapter provides general information on
geographical regions known as nonattainment
areas. When an area does not meet the air
quality standard for one of the criteria
pollutants, it may be subject to the formal rule-
making process which designates it non-
attainment. The Clean Air Act Amendments
(CAAA) of 1990 further classify ozone (O3),
carbon monoxide (CO), and some particulate
matter (PM-10) nonattainment areas based on
the magnitude of the area's problem. Non-
attainment classifications may be used to
specify what air pollution reduction measures
an area must adopt, and when the area must
reach attainment. The technical details under-
lying these classifications are discussed in the
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 81 (40 CFR 81).
Figure 5-1 shows the location of the non-
attainment areas for each criteria pollutant.
Figure 5-2 identifies the ozone nonattainment
Designated Nonattainment Areas as of September 1
Note: Unclassified areas are not shown.
o pM-TO(CIRCLEDIAMEIERINI>ICA'rESRELAIlVE
J.U SIZE OF AJFECJED POPULATION)
o SO2
Figure 5-1. Location of nonattainment areas for criteria pollutants.
CHAPTERS: NONATTAINMENT AREAS 59
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
areas by degree of severity. A condensed
summary of nonattainment areas can be found
in Table A-15 inAppendix A. As of September
1996, there were a total of 174 nonattainment
areas on the condensed nonattainment list,
compared to 274 areas in 1990. The areas on
the condensed list are generally Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (MSAs) shown alphabetically
by state. Amore detailed listing is contained in
the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 81 (40 CFR
81). In Table A-15, the population numbers are
based on 1990 Census figures. For non-
attainment areas defined as partial counties,
only population totals for the applicable
portion were used if available; otherwise, the
entire county population totals are shown.
When a larger nonattainment area encomp-
asses a smaller one, double-counting the
population in the "All" column is avoided by
only counting the population of the larger area.
When two nonattainment areas only partially
overlap, as in Figure A-2, the areas are counted
as two distinct nonattainment areas and are
listed on separate lines. There are approx-
imately 127 million people living in areas
currently designated as nonattainment.
Table 5-1 shows the total number of
nonattainment areas for each pollutant and
provides comparable statistics for each year
since the CAAA designations were imple-
mented. Note that transitional and incomplete
areas are excluded from these counts. Since
September 1995 the total number of non-
attainment areas dropped by 16. The following
nine redesignations to attainment for ozone
have occurred:
• Lexington-Fayette, KY
• Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Classification • Extreme & Severe D Serious M Moderate E3 Marginal
As of September 1996
Note: Transitional, Unclassified, and Incomplete areas are not shown.
Figure 5-2. O3 nonattainment areas by degree of severity.
60 CHAPTERS: NONATTAINMENT AREAS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
• Columbus, OH
• Canton, OH
• Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH
• Grand Rapids, MI
• Kewaunee Co, WI
• Sheboygan Co, WI
• Walworth Co, WI
• Youngston, OH1
Since September 1995 these six2 CO areas
have been redesignated to attainment:
• Baltimore, MD
• Washington, DC
• Boston, MA
• Hartford, CT
• Philadelphia, PA
• Albequerque, NM
Since September 1995, the number of lead
and PM-10 nonattainment areas declined by
one. Fayette, TN came into attainment for lead,
and Persque Isle, ME came into attainment for
PM-10. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur
dioxide (SO2) counts remained the same.
Table 5-1. Number of Nonattainment Areas for NAAQS Pollutants
CHAPTERS: NONATTAINMENT AREAS 61
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Notes
This area was redesignated to attainment,
but the rest of its MSA remains in nonattain-
ment for ozone. The population in the con-
densed list has been adjusted accordingly.
Note the difference between the CO total in
1995 and 1996 in Table 5-1 is five areas as
opposed to six areas because the Portland
Vancouver CO nonattainment area was split
into two separate areas.
62 CHAPTERS: NONATTAINMENT AREAS
-------
CHAPTER 6
Metropolitan Area Trends
While most of this report discusses air quality
trends on a national scale, there is great interest
in local air quality trends. This chapter
presents trends in criteria pollutants for
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the
United States. Table A-16 gives the 1995 peak
statistics for all MSAs, providing a snapshot of
the most recent year. Ten-year trends are
shown for the 255 MSAs having adequate data.
Table A-17 lists these MSAs and reports criteria
pollutant trends as significant upward or
downward, or not significant, based on a
statistical analysis described in the following
section. Another way to assess trends in MSAs
is to examine the Pollutant Standards Index
(PSI) value.1-2 Tables A-18 and A-19 list the
number of days with PSI values greater than
100 for the nation's 94 largest metropolitan
areas. A discussion of the PSI analysis rounds
out this chapter on MSA trends.
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Trends Analysis
The focus of this analysis is on examining
10-year air quality trends for MSAs. The data
used for this analysis are based on pollutant
concentrations from the subset of ambient
monitoring sites that meet the same trends
criteria set forth in Appendix B. A total of 255
MSAs had at least one monitoring site meeting
these criteria. Note that some pollutants are not
considered a problem in some MSAs.
Therefore, no ongoing efforts exist to monitor
these pollutants in these areas. Consequently,
not all pollutants are represented in every
MSA.
For each of the 10 years between 1986 and
1995, and for each pollutant with available
data, spatial averages were obtained for each of
the 255 MSAs by averaging all monitoring data
in their respective MSA. This process resulted
in one value per MSA per year for each
pollutant. While there are seasonal aspects of
certain pollutants and, therefore, seasonality in
monitoring intensity among MSAs, these
averages provide a consistent year to year
value with which to assess trends. To test for
statistically significant trends, a linear re-
gression was applied to these data. Since the
underlying pollutant distributions cannot
always be assumed normal, the regression
analysis was based upon a nonparametric
method, commonly referred to as the Theil
test.3'4-5 Because this method bases statistical
significance on changes during the entire 10-
year period, it is possible to detect an upward
or downward trend even when the con-
centration level of the first year equals the
concentration level of the last year. Because this
method uses a median estimator, it is not
influenced by single extreme values.
Table 6-1 summarizes the trends analysis
performed on the 255 MSAs. It shows that
there were no upward trends in CO, lead, and
PM-10 (annual mean) at any of the MSAs over
the past decade. Of the 225 MSAs, 204 had
downward trends in at least one of the criteria
pollutants, and only 16 had upward trends. A
closer look at these 16 MSAs reveals that all but
one is well below the NAAQS for the respective
pollutant, meaning that their upward trends
are not immediately in danger of violating the
NAAQS. These results demonstrate significant
improvements in urban air quality over the
past decade.
The Pollutant Standards Index
PSI values are derived from pollutant con-
centrations. They are reported daily in all
metropolitan areas of the United States with
CHAPTER 6: METROPOLITAN AREA TRENDS 63
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table 6-1. Summary of MSA Trend Analysis, by Pollutant
; • ,- i ;". , : ''•*'< A] ,>-,
•.—..,1: ;*,i ;. ....>.-.. ...-t.:....-.^
CO
Second Max, 8-Hour
Pb
Max Quarterly Mean
JEL
Annual Arithmetic Mean
%
Second Daily Max, 1-Hour
ftf-1(), Second l^axt2^Hour
Weighted Ahnualliean
Annual Arithmetic Mean
^ll^ft*^^^;*^ ,'•"'< '^fm -:U-i^ ,a*^^^3l
populations exceeding 200,000 and are used to
assess air quality over large urban areas. The
PSI is usually reported as a number (between
0 and 500) or a word (e.g., "unhealthful") and
is featured on local TV or radio news programs
and in newspapers.
The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) is
computed for PM-10, SO2, CO, Oy and NO2 and
is based on their short-term National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), Federal
Episode Criteria, and Significant Harm Levels.
Lead is the only criteria pollutant not included
in the index because it does not have a short-
term NAAQS, a Federal Episode Criteria, or a
Significant Harm Level. The five PSI color
categories and their respective health effect
descriptors are listed in Table 6-2.
The PSI integrates information on criteria
pollutant concentrations across an entire mon-
itoring network into a single number that
represents the worst daily air quality exper-
ienced in an urban area. For each of the criteria
pollutants, concentrations are converted into an
index value between 0 and 500. The pollutant
with the highest index value is reported as the
PSI for that day. Therefore, the PSI does not
take into account the possible adverse effects
associated with combinations of pollutants (i.e.
synergism).1<2
A PSI value of 100 corresponds to the
standard established under the Clean Air Act
(CAA), and a PSI value greater than 100
indicates that at least one criteria pollutant
exceeded air quality standards on a given day;
therefore, air quality would be in the un-
healthful range on that day. Relatively high PSI
values activate public health warnings. For
example, a PSI of 200 initiates a First Stage Alert
at which time sensitive populations (the elderly
and persons with respiratory illnesses) are
advised to remain indoors and reduce physical
activity. A PSI of 300 initiates a Second Stage
Alert at which time the general public is
advised to avoid outdoor activity.
Summary of PSi Analyses
Of the five criteria pollutants used to calculate
PSI, CO, O3, PM-10, and SO2 generally con-
tribute to the PSI value. Nitrogen dioxide is
rarely the highest pollutant measured because
it does not have a short-term NAAQS and can
only be included when concentrations exceed
one of the Federal Episode Criteria or
Significant Harm Levels. Ten-year PSI trends
are based on daily maximum pollutant
concentrations from the subset of ambient
monitoring sites that have complete data for a
minimum of eight out of the 10 years.
Since a PSI value greater than 100 indicates
that the level of the NAAQS for at least one
criteria pollutant has been exceeded on a given
day, the number of days with PSI values greater
than 100 provides an indicator of air quality in
urban areas. Figure 6-1 shows the trend in the
64 CHAPTER 6: METROPOLITAN AREA TRENDS
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table 6-2. Pollutant Standards Index Values with Pollutant Concentration,
Health Descriptors, and PSI Colors
INDEX
VALUE
rrnn
orm
9nn
mn
, . CA
0
AIR
QUALITY
LEVEL
SIGNIFICANT
NAAQS
50% OF
NAAQS
POLLUTANT LEVELS
PM-10
(24-hour)
ug/m'
orn
i^n
|7ft
0
S02
w
2620
2mn
1 finn
onn
**lRe
0
CO
(B-hour)
ppm
40
on
IF:
0
(1-JxSff)
ppm
0.5
f\ A
Ou
0
NO2
(1-hour)
ppm
.6
a
HEALTH
EFFECT
DESCRIPTOR
HAZARDOUS
VERY
UNHEALTHFUL
UNHEALTHFUL
MODERATE
GOOD
PSI
COLORS
RED
ORANGE
YELLOW
GREEN
BLUE
* No Index values reported at concentration levels below those specified by 'Alert Lever criteria.
b Annual primary NAAQS.
^IjliJ^
(*
Number of Days
2,500
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
All Except LA and Riverside
1,584 1.572
1,034 1,017
'iff ,.•*««.»
CHAPTER 6: METROPOLITAN ARE A TRENDS 65
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
number of days with PSI values greater than
100 summed across the nation's 94 largest
metropolitan areas (those cities with total 1990
population greater than 500,000). Because of
their magnitude, PSI totals for Los Angeles, C A
and Riverside, CA are shown separately. The
long-term air quality improvement in urban
areas is evident in this figure. Between 1986
and 1995, the total number of days with PSI
values greater than 100 decreased 54 percent in
Los Angeles, 35 percent in Riverside, and 58
percent in the remaining major cities across the
United States.
PSI estimates depend on the number of
pollutants monitored as well as the number of
monitoring sites where data are collected. The
more pollutants and sites that are available in
an area, the better the estimate of the maximum
PSI for a given day. Ozone accounts for the
majority of days with PSI values above 100, but
is collected at only a small number of sites in
each area. Table A-20 shows that the percen-
tage of days with PSI values greater than 100
attributed to ozone has increased from 67
percent in 1986 to 92 percent in 1995. This
increase reveals a clear trend that ozone
increasingly accounts for those days above the
100 level and reflects the success in achieving
lower CO and PM-10 concentrations.
However, the typical one-in-six day sampling
schedule for most PM-10 sites limits the
number of days that PM-10 can factor into the
PSI determination.
References
1. Measuring Air Quality, The Pollutant Stan-
dards Index, EPA-451/K-94-001, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC, February 1994.
2. Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 58,
Appendix G.
3. T. Fitz-Simons and D. Mintz, "Assessing
Environmental Trends with Nonparametric
Regression in the SAS Data Step," American
Statistical Association 1995 Winter Confer-
ence, Raleigh, NC, January, 1995.
Freas, W.P. and E.A. Sieurin, "A Nonpara-
metric Calibration Procedure for Multi-
source Urban Air Pollution Dispersion Mod-
els", presented at the Fifth Conference on
Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric
Sciences, American Meteorological Society,
Las Vegas, NV, November 1977.
M. Hollander and D.A. Wolfe, Nonparamet-
ric Statistical Methods, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., New York, NU, 1973.
66 CHAPTER 6: METROPOLITAN AREA TRENDS
-------
APPENDIX A
Data Tables
APPENDIX A 67
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-1. National Air Quality Trends Statistics for Criteria Pollutants, 1986-1995
SMtotic Unto # of Sites Percentile
ItsBlDCW flftgyKw-rCWF'
2ndMax.8hr. PPM 334 95th
90th
75th
50th
25th
10th
5th
Arith. Mean
Esl Exceedance Number 334 Arith. Mean
•ta$ ' , • •
MaxQtr. ug/rris 189 95th
90th
75th
50th
25th
10th
5th
Arith. Mean
ArfXMean PPM 212 95th
90th
75th
50th
25th
10th
5th
Arith. Mean
2ndMax1hr. PPM 573 95th
90th
75th
50th
25th
10th
5th
Arith. Mean
Est Exceedance Number 573 Arfth.Mean
1966
12.4
11.1
8.9
6.5
4.8
3.5
2.9
7.1
2.1
0.43
0.33
0.21
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.18
0.047
0.036
0.027
0.020
0.014
0.007
0.004
0.022
0.190
0.160
0.131
0.114
0.099
0.089
0.080
0.120
5.6
1967
12.0
9.9
8.3
6.3
4.6
3.5
2.9
6.7
1.5
0.43
0.24
0.15
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.16
0.043
0.038
0.028
0.021
0.014
0.006
0.004
0.021
0.190
0.167
0.140
0.119
0.104
0.090
0.085
0.126
6.0
1968
11.3
10.0
7.8
6.1
4.3
3.4
2.8
6.4
1.2
r-
0.30
0.21
0.12
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.11
0.047
0.037
0.028
0.021
0.014
0.007
0.003
0.022
0.210
0.181
0.153
0.129
0.110
0.096
0.086
0.135
8.1
1969
~
11.4
9.7
7.8
6.0
4.4
3.4
2.7
6.3
1.2
-
0.23
0.16
0.10
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.11
0.044
0.036
0.027
0.021
0.013
0.007
0.003
0.021
0.190
0.155
0.125
0.108
0.097
0.086
0.080
0.116
4.5
1990
_
10.5
8.8
7.1
5.5
4.2
3.0
2.5
5.9
0.7
' ' x *
0.26
0.16
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.08
0.041
0.034
0.026
0.019
0.012
0.006
0.003
0.020
0.180
0.150
0.121
0.107
0.095
0.084
0.076
0.113
3.7
1991
"
9.9
8.7
7.0
5.2
3.8
2.9
2.3
5.6
0.5
0.19
0.14
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.043
0.034
0.025
0.019
0.012
0.006
0.003
0.020
0.175
0.150
0.125
0.108
0.096
0.083
0.075
0.115
3.8
1992
h
8.6
7.9
6.4
4.8
3.7
2.7
2.3
5.2
0.3
,.-*•,'.„
0.15
0.12
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.039
0.033
0.025
0.019
0.012
0.006
0.004
0.019
0.160
0.133
0.114
0.100
0.090
0.083
0.077
0.107
3.1
1993
8.1
7.2
5.8
4.7
3.6
2.8
2.2
4.9
0.1
f- ""
0.16
0.10
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.038
0.033
0.025
0.019
0.012
0.005
0.004
0.019
0.160
0.140
0.120
0.105
0.092
0.080
0.075
0.109
2.8
1994
"M
8.1
7.6
6.1
4.9
3.7
2.8
2.1
5.0
0.2
' !^"*
'0.14
0.09
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.041
0.034
0.025
0.020
0.012
0.006
0.004
0.020
0.155
0.134
0.118
0.105
0.094
0.083
0.075
0.109
2.8
1995
f X .A..
7.8
6.8
5.5
4.2
3.2
2.4
2.1
4.5
0.1
**' ^ " *
0.13
0.09
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.039
0.032
0.024
0.019
0.012
0.005
0.004
0.019
0.160
0.140
0.124
0.111
0.099
0.085
0.077
0.113
2.6
68 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-1. National Air Quality Trends Statistics for Criteria Pollutants, 1986-1995 (continued)
Statistic
P$*10
Annual Avg.
M'
"
"
*
"
"
Stf/fur Dioxide .. ;
Arith. Mean
"
*
N
m
M
N
"
2nd Max. 24hr.
K
*
H
"
"
11
M
Units
ug/rn3
*
K
11
*
N
N
PPM '
M
*
*
*
"
*
m
PPM
"
N
M
N
**
H
*
# of Sites PercentHe
955 95th
90th
75th
50th
25th
10th
5th
" Arith. Mean
~~ 473 95th
90th
75th
50th
25th
10th
5th
" Arith. Mean
472 95th
90th
75th
50th
25th
10th
5th
Arith. Mean
1986
""""
0.0181
0.0153
0.0122
0.0083
0.0054
0.0023
0.0015
0.0090
0.1057
0.0802
0.0561
0.0397
0.0250
0.0115
0.0073
0.0442
1987
— '•' '
0.0178
0.0152
0.0117
0.0083
0.0052
0.0022
0.0014
0.0088
0.0897
0.0714
0.0525
0.0384
0.0242
0.0103
0.0061
0.0415
1988
52.4
43.9
37.6
30.5
25.5
20.4
17.2
32.1
0.0187
0.0153
0.0116
0.0084
0.0053
0.0024
0.0016
0.0089
0.0924
0.0721
0.0557
0.0403
0.0256
0.0134
0.0076
0.0438
1989
52.3
43.9
36.7
30.0
25.3
20.5
17.5
31.9
0.0180
0.0150
0.0114
0.0081
0.0050
0.0024
0.0016
0.0086
0.0920
0.0744
0.0523
0.0386
0.0237
0.0126
0.0073
0.0416
1990
46.4
39.6
34.2
27.9
23.2
19.0
16.3
29.4
0.0163
0.0139
0.0106
0.0076
0.0045
0.0021
0.0015
0.0080
0.0798
0.0641
0.0489
0.0340
0.0210
0.0103
0.0057
0.0374
1991
45.9
39.3
33.4
28.1
23.5
18.5
15.1
29.1
0.0155
0.0131
0.0099
0.0076
0.0047
0.0021
0.0015
0.0078
0.0706
0.0592
0.0450
0.0324
0.0208
0.0095
0.0069
0.0343
1992
42.0
36.3
31.0
25.6
21.8
17.6
14.1
26.7
0.0144
0.0125
0.0096
0.0068
0.0042
0.0021
0.0014
0.0073
0.0695
0.0569
0.0441
0.0309
0.0191
0.0099
0.0057
0.0332
1993
41.5
35.8
30.0
25.2
20.9
16.8
13.4
26.0
0.0145
0.0123
0.0092
0.0067
0.0040
0.0023
0.0014
0.0071
0.0683
0.0561
0.0416
0.0282
0.0187
0.0099
0.0053
0.0320
1994
39.9
36.5
30.4
25.4
21.0
16.8
13.1
26.1
0.0135
0.0120
0.0090
0.0065
0.0037
0.0021
0.0015
0.0069
0.0714
0.0573
0.0435
0.0317
0.0189
0.0084
0.0050
0.0330
1995
39.3
35.0
29.2
24.2
19.9
15.9
12.5
25.0
0.0118
0.0103
0.0078
0.0052
0.0034
0.0010
0.0014
0.0057
0.0573
0.0477
0.0336
0.0221
0.0153
0.0076
0.0046
0.0260
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 69
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-2. National Carbon Monoxide Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons)
Source Category
FOEL COMBUSTION
Electric Utilities
coal
oil
gas
Internal combustion
Industrial
coal
oil
gas
othor
internal combustion
Otter
residential wood
other
•If^OUSTRlAL PROCESSES
Chemical & Allied Product Mfg.
Metals Processing
Petroleum & Related Industries
Otter Industrial Processes
Solvent Utilization
Storage & Transport
Waste Disposal & Recycling
jwetspomAttoN
On-Road Vehicles
Non-Road Sources
MISCELLANEOUS
Structural Fires
Agricultural Fires
Prescribed Burning
Forest WOdfJres
TOTAL ALL SOURCES
1986
7,548
297
208
24
48
11
650
87
46
242
172
103
6,607
6,316
291
7,067
1,853
2,079
451
715
2
51
1,916
87,330
73,347
13,984
7,254
242
441
4,300
2,271
109,199
1987
6,960
300
217
20
53
10
649
85
46
252
171
96
6,011
5,719
292
6$51
1,798
1,984
455
713
2
50
1,850
85,381
71,250
14,131
8,820
242
483
4,300
3,795
108,012
1988
7,372
* 373
229
25
48
11
669
87
46
265
173
98
6,390
6,086
303
7,034
1,917
2,101
441
711
2
56
1,806
85,581
71,081
14,500
15,863
242
612
4,300
10,709
115,849
1989
7,44*
319
231
26
51
11
672
87
46
271
173
96
6,450
6,161
288
7,073
7,925
2,132
436
716
2
55
1,747
80,968
66,050
14,518
$,121
242
571
4,300
3,009
103,144
1990
5,064
314
233
20
51
11
677
86
46
276
171
98
4,072
3,781
291
<3#«f
1,940
2,080
435
717
2
55
1,686
77,500
62,858
14,642
11,173
242
552
4,300
6,079
100,650
1991
5,356
375
233
19
51
12
667
72
52
274
170
99
4,373
4,090
283
6,875
1,944
1,992
412
710
2
54
1,701
76,675
62,074
14,601
8,530
242
549
4,300
3,439
97,376
1992
8,601
313
235
15
51
11
672
80
47
276
170
99
4,616
4,332
283
6,909
1,964
2,044
410
719
2
55
1,717
74,759
59,859
14,900
0,774
242
559
4,300
1,674
94,043
1993
4»53
322
245
16
49
12
670
77
47
276
170
99
3,967
3,679
283
^J^fliflBSf
"7,995
2,091
398
732
2
56
1,732
79$n
60,202
15,269
6,700
242
573
4,300
1,586
94,133
1994
4,884
325
246
15
53
12
677
80
50
273
170
98
3,668
3,607
281
7,160
2,048
2,166
390
751
2
58
1,746
77,490
61,833
15,657
9,245
242
589
4,300
4,115
98,779
1995
3,960
"324
248
10
55
11
672
81
49
273
170
98
2,964
2,683
281
7,4$&
2',237
2,223
379
767
2
65
1,766
74,246
58,624
15,622
^,455
242
612
4,300
1,301
92,099
Note: Some columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
70 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-3. National Lead Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (short tons)
Source Category
iliitCPHilSTOW
Electric Utilities
coal
oil
Industrial
Coal
Oil
Other
misc. fuel comb, (except res.)
residential other
other
_- '
Chemical & Allied Product Mfg.
Metals Processing
Other Industrial Processes
Waste Disposal & Recycling
T^i^f&^IMioii ' „,_
On-Road Vehicles
Non-Road Sources
TOTAL ALL SOURCES
1986
$f$ ___
69~
50
19
25
17
8
422
400
11
11
2,972
108
1,820
199
844
__ 3,808
3,589
219
7,296
1987
Sit
64
48
16
22
14
8
425
400
14
10
3,004
123
1,835
202
844
3,34$
3,121
222
6,857
1988
511
66
46
20
19
14
5
426
400
16
10
3,090
136
1,965
172
817
2,011
2,700
211
6,513
1989
$05-
67
46
21
18
14
4
420
400
12
8
3,161
136
2,088
173
765
2,368
2,161
207
6,034
1990
50T&'"'
64
46
18
18
14
3
418
400
10.
8
3,278
136
2,169
169
804
1,888
1,690
197
5,666
1991
,495
61
46
15
18
15
3
416
400
9
7
3,081
132
1,975
167
807
1,764
1,519
186
5,280
1992
491
59
47
12
18
14
4
474
400
7
7
2,734
93
1,773
56
812
T,637
1,444
193
4,862
1993
495
61
49
12
19
14
5
415
400
8
7
2,869
92
1,899
54
824
T;5»0'
1,401
179
4,945
1994
493
61
49
12
18
14
4
414
400
8
6
2.9SJ
96
1,979
53
829
.1,577
1,388
189
5,028
1995
' ' 'M?
63
49
14
17
14
3
413
400
6
7
2,914
80
1,937
55
842
1,578
1,387
191
4,986
Note: Some columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 71
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-4. National Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons)
Source Category
FUEL COMBUSTION
Electric Utilities
coal
oil
gas
internal combustion
Industrial
coal
oil
gas
other
Internal combustion
Other
commercial/institutional coal
commercial/institutional oil
commercial/institutional gas
misc. fuel comb, (except residential)
residential wood
residential other
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Chemical & Allied Product 'Mfg.
Metals Processing
Petroleum & Related Industries
Other Industrial Processes
Solvent Utilization
Storage & Transport
Waste Disposal & Recycling
TRANSPORTATION
On-Road Vehicles
Non-Road Sources
MISCELLANEOUS
TOTAL ALL SOURCES
1986
10,668
6,909
6,061
246
552
50
3,065
613
300
1,433
120
599
694
36
110
139
12
77
320
872
264
80
109
328
3
2
87
10,550
7,773
2,777
257
22,348
1987
10,897
7,128
6,278
204
599
48
3,063
596
292
1,505
119
552
706
37
121
144
11
69
323
841
255
75
101
320
3
2
85
10,315
7,651
2,664
351
22,403
1988
11,457
7,530
6,668
260
551
50
3,187
617
296
1,584
121
569
740
39
117
157
11
74
343
860
274
82
100
315
3
2
85
10,575
7,661
2,914
726
23,618
1989
11^552
7,607
6,708
272
578
49
3,209
615
294
1,625
120
556
736
38
106
159
11
75
347
852
273
83
97
311
3
2
84
14526
7,682
2,844
292
23,222
1990
1f>4m
7,516
6,698
210
558
50
3,256
613
297
1,656
119
570
712
39
99
164
11
46
352
851
276
81
100
306
2
2
82
10,331
7,488
2,843
373
23,038
1991
11,382
7,488
6,662
201
569
56
3,175
512
338
1,641
117
567
719
39
98
164
11
50
358
837
278
78
97
297
2
2
83
10,170
7,373
2,796
• >:-283::'
22,672
1992
11,421
7,475
6,694
160
568
52
3,216
571
305
1,651
118
571
730
38
101
166
11
53
361
853
284
80
96
305
3
3
83
10,325
7,440
2,885
.'.: 249
22,847
1993
11>696
7,773
7,008
169
543
53
3,197
550
306
1,650
118
572
726
38
102
167
11
45
363
866
286
81
95
315
3
3
84
I0i495
7,510
2,985
'-•• ,.:219' .
23,276
1994
'•'••'¥nm-"
7,698
6,915
153
576
55
3,206
568
318
1,634
118
567
727
38
102
168
11
44
364
888
291
84
95
328
3
3
85
'•"10J67"'.
7,672
3,095
:' .:':$&•
23,661
1995
10W7
6,233
5,556
87
549
42
3,137
562
302
1,610
116
547
707
36
98
166
10
33
364
872
283
84
91
323
3
3
85
?'-Mm-:.
7,605
2,996
'I-^ZZS
21,779
Note: Some columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
72 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT,
Table A-5. National Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons)
Source Category
•^^MS^sff^^-'':-.^'1^:-
Electric Utilities
coal
oil
gas
internal combustion
Industrial
coal
oil
gas
other
internal combustion
Other
residential wood
other
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Chemical & Allied Product Mfg.
Metals Processing
Petroleum & Related Industries
Other Industrial Processes
Solvent Utilization
Storage and Transport
Waste Disposal & Recycling
TRANSPORTATION
On-Road Vehicles
Non-Road Sources
MISCELLANEOUS
Other Combustion
structural fires
agricultural fires
prescribed burning
forest wildfires
Health Services
TOTAL ALL SOURCES
1986
.•> ""ftlSflStv
34
24
7
2
1
733
7
16
57
36
16
1,230
1,199
31
12,138
1,412
73
666
395
5,626
1,673
2,293
10,912
8,874
2,039
, 544
543
44
61
179
259
1
24,991
1987
7j<««r
34
25
6
2
1
131
7
16
57
36
15
1,117
1,085
32
12,329
1,410
70
655
394
.5,743
1,801
2,256
10,313
8,477
2,038
652
651
44
67
179
361
0
24,778
1988
.-«8T;
37
27
7
2
1
136
7
16
61
36
15
1,188
1,155
33
12,736
1,513
74
645
408
5,945
1,842
2,310
10,396
8,290
2,106
1,&7
1,226
44
85
179
918
1
25,719
1989
•,: WST
37
27
7
2
1
134
7
16
61
36
15
1,200
1,169
31
12,630
1,506
74
639
403
5,964
1,753
2,290
"9,29$;
7,192
2,103
•••-M:'
638
44
79
179
335
1
23,935
1990
vvifr"!:.
36
27
6
2
1
735
7
16
61
35
15
749
718
31
12,637
1,526
72
643
401
5,975
1,759
2,262
^#74'..
6,854
2,120
' iP&:'..
1,068
44
77
179
768
7
23,599
1991
; :, 977
36
27
5
2
1
735
6
18
61
36
15
807
776
30
12,538
1,533
69
634
398
5,918
1,720
2,265
v':$^iN
6,499
2,122
,"3-:Pf-
740
44
76
179
440
7
22,877
1992
••••;... 3 $&•••'•
35
27.
4
2
1
735
7
16
61
35
15
853
822
31
12,701
1,546
72
638
403
6,031
1,745
2,268
••'f&l-..
6,072
2,159
• ....\..:.m:^
465
44
78
179
164
7
22,420
1993
999
36
29
5
2
1
134
7
16
61
35
15
729
698
30
12,651
1,557
74
631
406
6,156
1,757
2,271
8,369
6,103
2,206
. ..,.|^.:.
575
44
79
179
212
7
22,575
1994
886
36
29
4
2
1
135
7
17
61
36
15
715
684
30
13,054
1,577
77
630
411
6,313
1,773
2,273
VvMSiB:
6,407
2,255
.•visas',.
684
44
82
. 179
379
7
23,281
1995
709;,
35
29
3
2
1
735
7
16
61
36
15
539
509
30
13,352
1,617
77
628
422
6,394
1,803
2,411
'''•\S^356
6,104
2,252
. • . TrfM?"
445
44
85
179
137
7
22,865
Note: Some columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 73
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-6. National Paniculate Matter (PM-10) Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons)
Source Category
FUEL COMBUSTION
Electric Utilities
coal
oil
gas
internal combustion
Industrial
coal
oil
gas
other
Internal combustion
Other
residential wood
othor
INDUSTRiAL PROCESSES
Chemical & Allied Product Mfg.
Metals Processing
Petroleum & Related Industries
Other Industrial Processes
Solvent Utilization
Storage and Transport
Waste Disposal & Recycling
TMNSpORTAmN ^
On-Road Vehicles
Non-Road Sources
TOTAL ALL SOURCES
1986
1,421
288
273
11
1
3
244
71
49
45
77
3
889
837
51
947
59
132
31
390
2
58
274
729
356
372
3,096
1987
1,335
284
271
9
1
3
239
67
48
44
78
3
812
758
54
923
58
126
31
384
2
56
265
710
360
350
2,968
1988
1,384
279
264
10
1
3
244
70
48
45
79
3
862
807
55
931
62
136
30
386
2
56
259
756
369
387
3,071
1989
1,385
273
258
11
1
3
243
70
48
44
78
3
869
817
52
91S
63
137
29
378
2
56
251
739
, 367
372
3,039
1990
1,077
282
269
9
1
3
247
69
48
45
77
3
553
501
52
962
63
136
29
374
2
57
242
729
357
372
2,708
1991
1,078
248
234
10
1
4
236
57
55
44
77
3
594
542
51
883
62
130
28
362
2
55
244
717
349
367
2,677
1992
1,111
247
236
8
1
3
237
64
49
44
77
3
626
574
52 -
• 896
64
133
28
368
2
56
246
722
343
379
2,729
1993
1,042
268
255
9
1
3
235
62
50
44
77
3
540
488
52
912
64
136
27
377
2
57
248
715
321
395
2,669
1994
1,030
262
248
9
1
3
238
64
52
43
77
3
530
478
52
934
65
141
27
391
2
59
251
732
320
411
2,696
1995
904
258
248
5
1
3
239
65
51
43
77
3
408
356
52
946
66
145
26
393
2
60
253
697
304
393
2,547
Table A-7. Miscellaneous and Natural Source PM-10 Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons)
Source Category
MISCELLANEOUS
Agriculture & Forestry
Other Combustion
wildfires
managed burning
other
Fugftive Dust
unpaved roads
paved roads
other
NAT. SOURCES (wind erosion)
TOTAL ALL SOURCES
1986
37,056
7,183
798
226
513
59
29,075
11,673
5,262
12,139
10,324
47,380
1987
37,432
7,326
967
389
519
59
29,139
11,110
5,530
12,499
7,577
39,008
1988
39J23
7,453
1,683
1,086
538
59
30,287
12,379
5,900
12,008
Isaio
57,534
1989
37*440
7,320
891
300
532
59
29,229
11,798
5,769
11,662
i2,m
49,542
1990
3^267
7,364
1,178
590
529
59
27,725
11,338
5,992
10,396
•-••tjm-
40,629
1991
36st36
7,332
921
333
529
59
27,883
11,873
5,969
10,042
worn
46,231
1992
J3JB,367\::
7,223
760
171
530
59
28,384
11,540
5,942
10,901
4.626
40,994
1993
;::3?i4Q5::.:
7,231
743
152
532
59
29,930
12,482
6,095
11,353
:.;;::f,97ig;;
39,883
1994
?• Jp32' '
7,121
1,017
424
535
59
31,194
12,043
6,380
12,771
^£593''
41,925
1995
':37>a2i,
8,389
727
130
538
59
28,809
11,997
6,468
10,343
;-'';ha*53,
40,089
Note: Some columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
74 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-8. National Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Estimates, 1986-1995 (thousand short tons)
Source Category
mmomiWrioN
Electric Utilities
coal
oil
gas
internal combustion
Industrial
coal
oil
gas
other
internal combustion
Other
commercial/institutional coal
commercial/institutional oil
commercial/institutional gas
misc. fuel comb, (except residential)
residential wood
residential other
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Chemical & Allied Product Mfg.
Metals Processing
Petroleum & Related Industries
Other Industrial Processes
Solvent Utilization
Storage and Transport
Waste Disposal & Recycling
TRANSPORTATION
On-Road Vehicles
Non-Road Sources
MISCELLANEOUS
TOTAL ALL SOURCES
1986
75,428
15,701
14,860
811
1
30
3,116
1,828
828
370
84
6
611
161
267
2
1
11
169
2,256
432
888
469
427
1
4
35
748
527
221
9
22,442
1987
19,445
15,715
15,034
651
1
29
3,068
1,817
807
356
82
6
662
164
310
2
1
10
175
1,97$
425
648
445
418
1
4
35
771
538
233
13
22,204
1988
19,761
15,990
15,224
734
1
31
3,111
1,856
806
360
83
6
660
172
295
2
1
11
180
2,052
449
707
443
411
1
5
36
80S
553
253
27
22,647
1989
19,92?
16,218
15,408
779
1
30
3,086
1,840
812
346
82
6
624
169
274
2
1
11
167
2,010
440
695
429
405
1
5
36
837
570
267
10
22,785
1990
19,598
15,898
15,227
639
1
31
3,106
1,843
823
352
82
6
595
176
233
2
1
7
175
1,985
440
663
440
401
1
5
36
03$
571
265
~ 14
22,433
1991
19,295
15,788
15,101
652
1
35
2,915
1,547
935
348
79
6
592
175
232
2
1
7
176
1,928
440
633
422
391
1
5
36
836
570
266
10
22,068
1992
19019
15,418
14,840
546
1
32
3,002
1,722
845
348
81
6
599
173
238
2
1
8
177
1,957
447
650
417
401
1
5
37
851
578
273
9
21,836
1993
18,732
15,191
14,546
612
1
32
2,942
1,661
848
346
80
6
599
171
241
2
1
6
178
1,982
450
667
409
413
1
5
37
'795
517
278
, 8
21,517
1994
18J20
14,792
14,236
522
1
34
3,029
1,715
882
345
80
6
599
169
242
2
1
6
177
2,029
457
692
406
431
1
5
37
584
301
283
14
21,047
1995
7l65»[
12,013
11,561
412
8
31
3,046
1,743
873
343
81
6
599
168
248
2
1
5
176
",fe»r
477
720
385
438
1
5
37
• 596^
304
292
B
18,319
Note: Some columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 75
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-9. National Long-Term Air Quality Trends, 1976-1995
Year J
1976-85
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
>jp$$?
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
CO
2nd Max. 8hr.
ppm
(147 sites)
11.6
11.1
10.5
10.1
9.3
9.0
8.2
8.2
8.1
7.3
(334 Slits)
7.1
6.7
6.4
6.3
5.9
5.6
5.2
4.9
5.0
4.5
N02
Arith. Mean
ppm
(48 sites)
0.0285
0.0280
0.0298
0.0294
0.0271
0.0261
0.0247
0.0245
0.0252
0.0249
(212 sites)
0.0216
0.0214
0.0218
0.0213
0.0201
0.0199
0.0193
0.0189
0.0197
0.0188
Ozone
2ndMax.1hr.
ppm
(149 sites}
0.152
0.153
0.158
0.138
0.141
0.129
0.126
0.141
0.126
0.124
(573 Sites)
0."120
0.126
0.135
0.116
0.113
0.114
0.107
0.109
0.109
0.113
Pb
Max. Qtr.
uo/m3
pastes}
1.525
1.571
1.465
1.214
0.843
0.696
0.547
0.428
0.380
0.266
(1S9 sites)
0.184
0.164
0.108
0.083
0.083
0.062
0.053
0.048
0.045
0.043
PM-10
Wtd. Arith. Mean
uo/m3
ittMMr
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
~~~
(955alte3)
—
—
32.1
32.0
29.4
29.1
26.7
26.0
26.1
25.0
S02
Arith. Mean
ppm
(19$ sites)
0.0147
0.0133
0.0127
0.0122
0.0110
0.0104
0.0097
0.0093
0.0094
0.0088
(473 sites)
0*.0090
0.0088
0.0089
0.0086
0.0080
0.0078
0.0073
0.0071
0.0068
0.0057
76 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 199B
Table A-10. National Air Quality Trends Statistics by Monitoring Location, 1986-1995
#of
Statistic Units Sites
2nd Max. 8hr. ppm 9
139
183
Max. Qtr. ug/m3 4
94
90
Location
Rural
Suburban
Urban
Rural
Suburban
Urban
1986
4.2
6.3
7.8
0.080
0.160
0.220
1987
3.8
6.2
7.2
0.050
0.130
0.200
1988
3.3
5.8
6.9
0.030
0.090
0.130
1989
3.0
5.9
6.9
0.030
0.060
0.090
1990
"^ 2.8
5.4
6.4
0.030
0.070
0.100
1991
2.6
5.1
6.1
0.020
0.060
0.070
1992
2.5
4.8
5.5
j-
0.020
0.040
0.060
1993
2.2
4.7
5.1
0.020
0.040
0.050
1994
" "2.5'"
4.8
5.3
0.010
0.040
0.050
1995
" 2.3
4.2
4.8
0.010
0.040
0.050
Arith. Mean ppm
2ndMax.1hr. ppm
44 Rural 0.0080 0.0079 0.0080 0.0790 0.0076 0.0076 0.0073 0.0070 0.0074 0.0068
92 Suburban 0.0230 0.0231 0.0237 0.0233 0.0219 0.0218 0.0209 0.0205 0.0212 0.0206
73 Urban 0.0280 0.0275 0.0277 0.0268 0.0253 0.0250 0.0245 0.0242 0.0253 0.0239
174 Rural "6.1125 0.1157" 0.1261 0.1110 0.1089 0.1069 0.1023 0.1054 "0.1038"~CU082'
267 Suburban 0.1248 0.1310 0.1418 0.1203 0.1171 0.1200 0.1106 0.1130 0.1126 0.1172
114 Urban 0.1208 0.1266 0.1341 0.1147 0.1099 0.1119 0.1033 0.1044 0.1060 0.1095
Wtd. Arith. Mean ug/m'
127 Rural —
378 Suburban —
428 Urban —
— 25.01
— 33.06
— 33.50
25.34
32.63
33.34
23.62
30.13
30.60
22.79
29.75
30.56
21.23
27.51
27.87
19.77
26.79
27.24
20.09 19.23
26.80 25.92
27.33 25.98
Arith. Mean ppm
130 Rural 0.0071 0.0072 0.0072 0.0070 0.0067 0.0066 0/0063"""" O0064 6.0061 6.0055
191 Suburban 0.0095 0.0092 0.0093 0.0089 0.0083 0.0080 0.0074 0.0073 0.0070 0.0057
143 Urban 0.0103 0.0100 0.0102 0.0100 0.0091 0.0087 0.0080 0.0077 0.0075 0.0061
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 77
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995
State
i
2
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AK
AK
AK
AK
AK
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AZ
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
AR
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
County
CALHOUN CO
CLAY CO
COLBERT CO
DE KALB CO
ELMORE CO
ESCAMBIA CO
ETOWAH CO
FRANKLIN CO
GENEVA CO
HOUSTON CO
JACKSON CO
JEFFERSON CO
LAWRENCE CO
MADISON CO
MARENGO CO
MOBILE CO
MONTGOMERY CO
MORGAN CO
PIKE CO
RUSSELL CO
SHELBY CO
SUMTER CO
TALLADEGA CO
TUSCALOOSACO
WALKER CO
ANCHORAGE BOROUGH
FAIRBANKS NORTH STAR BOROUGH
JUNEAU BOROUGH
KETCHIKAN GATEWAY BOROUGH
YUKON-KOYUKUK CA
COCHISECO
COCONINOCO
GILACO
GRAHAM CO
MARICOFACO
NAVAJO CO
PIMACO
FINAL CO
SANTA CRUZ CO
YAVAPAI CO
YUMACO
ARKANSAS CO
ASHLEY CO
CRAIGHEAD CO
CRITTENDEN CO
GARLAND CO
JEFFERSON CO
MARION CO
MILLER CO
MONTGOMERY CO
NEWTON CO
OUACHITACO
PHILLIPS CO
POLK CO
POPE CO
PULASKI CO
SEBASTIAN CO
UNION CO
WASHINGTON CO
WHITE CO
ALAMEDA CO
AMADORCO
BUTTECO
CALAVERAS CO
COLUSACO
CONTRA COSTA CO
DELNORTECO
EL DORADO CO
FRESNO CO
GLENN CO
HUMBOLDTCO
IMPERIAL CO
CO
1990 8-hr
Population (ppm)
116,034
13,252
51,666
54,651
49,210
35,518
99,840
27,814
23,647
81,331
47,796
651,525 6.7
31,513
238,912 3.6
23,084
378,643
209,085 1
100,043
27,595
46,860
99,358
16,174
74,107
150,522
67,670
226,338 8.4
77,720 11.8
26,751
13,828.
8,478
97,624
96,591
40,216
26,554
2,122,101 9.9
77,658
666,880 5.9
116,379
29,676
107,714
106,895
21,653
24,319
68,956
49,939
73,397
85,487
12,001
38,467
7,841
7,666
30,574
28,838
17,347
45,883
349,660 3.7
99,590
46,719
113,409
54,676
1,279,182 3.7
30,039 2.2
182,120 4.7
31,998 1.3
16,275
803,732 2.7
23,460
125,995 5.3
667,490 8.3
24,798
119,118
109,303 19.7
Pb N02 03 PM-10
QMAX AM 2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ugm) (ppm) (ppm) (ugm)
'. '. 0.117
0.081
'. ' '. 0.102
o!oe '. '.
'. '. 0.037
0.09 . 0.132
0.098
0.102
'. '. Q.10S
0.0112 0.092
o!si '. '.
'. 0.0114 0^129
0.086
'. '. 0.059
'. '. 0.075
0.06 0.0326 0.13
0.02 0.0203 0.105
'. '. 0.033
'. '. 0.14
! '. 0.08
0.078
'. 0.0103 0.111
0^1 o!o211 0^149
0.123
0 0.0141 0.091
0.113
0.103
0.05 0.0189 0.147
0.051
0.0114 0.121
0 0.0225 0.15
0.092
0^04 o!oi58 0^205
62
49'
68
51
63
45
56
52
95
61
37
67
58
52
49
54
52
64
63
53
192
87
88
86
77
32
90
87
160
22
106
59
23
68
72
58
69
57
53
62
42
55
45
51
49
48
67
56
52
46
59
52
60'
57
171
72
40
64
120
75
47
170
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
47
58
43
140
46
21
10
52
20
72
20
26
45'
78 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CT
County
INYO CO
KERN CO
KINGS CO
LAKE CO
LOS ANGELES CO
MADERA CO
MARIN CO
MARIPOSACO
MENDOCINO CO
MERCED CO
MODOC CO
MONO CO
MONTEREY CO
NAPA CO
NEVADA CO
ORANGE CO
PLACER CO
PLUMAS CO
RIVERSIDE CO
SACRAMENTO CO
SAN BEN1TO CO
SAN BERNARDINO CO
SAN DIEGO CO
SAN FRANCISCO CO
SANJOAQUINCO
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO
SANMATEOCO
SANTA BARBARA CO
SANTA CLARA CO
SANTA CRUZ CO
SHASTA CO
SIERRA CO
SISK1VOU CO
SOLANO CO
SONOMA CO
STANISLAUS CO
SUTTER CO
TEHAMACO
TRINITY CO
TULARE CO
TUOLUMNECO
VENTURA CO
YOLO CO
ADAMS CO
ALAMOSACO
ARAPAHOE CO
ARCHULETA CO
BOULDER CO
DELTA CO
DENVER CO
DOUGLAS CO
EAGLE CO
EL PASO CO
FREMONT CO
GARFIELD CO
GUNNISON CO
JEFFERSON CO
LAKE CO
LA PLATA CO
LARIMER CO
MESA CO
MONTEZUMACO
MONTROSE CO
PITKIN CO
PROWERS CO
PUEBLO CO
ROUTT CO
SAN MIGUEL CO
SUMMIT CO
TELLER CO
WELD CO
FAIRFIELD CO
1990
Population
18,281
543,477
101,469
50,631
8,863,164
88,090
230,096
14,302
80,345
178,403
9,678
9,956
355,660
110,765
78,510
2,410,556
172,796
19,739
1,170,413
1,041,219
36,697
1,418,380
2,498,016
723,959
480,628
217,162
649,623
369,608
1,497,577
229,734
147,036
3,318
43,531
340,421
388,222
370,522
64,415
49,625
13,063
311,921
48,456
669,016
141,092
265,038
13,617
391,511
5,345
225,339
20,980
467,610
60,391
21,928
397,014
32,273
29,974
10,273
438,430
6,007
32,284
186,136
93,145
18,672
24,423
12,661
13,347
123,051
14,088
3,653
12,881
12,468
131,821
827,645
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
1.8
4.9
n!e
23
l'
3.9
1.9
3.3
7^3
2.6
5.8
6.5
5.9
5.5
5
5.2
2.4
3.5
4.9
5.8
1
s!i
2.4
5.4
4.1
4.2
2.6
3.9
2.9
5.1
2^1
5.2
9.5
55
4^6
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.4
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
o'
oios
olo4
0
0.04
0.03
o!o4
0.03
0.01
0
0
0.02
0
0
o!os
o'.09
o!oi
0
0
0102
NO,
AM
(ppm)
0^0286
0.015
o!o462
o!oi76
0^0094
0.0118
o!oios
0.014
0.0393
0.0174
o!o298
0.0218
o!o46
0.0257
0.021
0.0219
0.0126
0.019
0.021
0.0266
0.005
o!ois
0.0148
0.0216
0.0135
0.0233
0^0241
o!o225
o!o26
o!o348
0.01
0^0243
2nd MAX
(ppm)
0.071
0.166
0.095
0.07
0.214
0.113
0.084
0.108
0.073
0.13
0.11
0.08
0.112
0.099
0.131
0.145
0.092
0.2
0.154
0.094
0.234
0.144
0.083
0.128
0.104
0.116
0.13
0.135
0.085
0.095
0.07
0.113
0.088
0.125
0.112
0.11
0.125
0.103
0.156
0.108
0.09
o!o87
0.095
(X098
0.098
o!osi
0.102
0.083
OXJ56
0.093
0.141
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
337
160
170
22
156
100
48
65
51
89
78
79
47
46
84
144
53
64
236
80
38
158
118
48
127
97
42
64
62
85
47 '
56
45
51
46
111
110
56
37
120
73
120
97
125
33
97
61
69
80
32
39
72
64
72
96
57
40
47
48
32
83
132
86
135
103
72
266
59
76
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
28
31
14
1l'
14
22
40
13
75
14
20
18
7
34
49
90
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 79
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
2)3
214
215
216
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
DE
DE
DE
DC
FL
FL
FL
FL
a
a
FL
FL
FL
a
FL
FL
a
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
FL
a
FL
FL
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
GA
HI
HI
HI
HI
ID
ID
10
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
10
County
HARTFORD CO
LITCHFIELD CO
MIDDLESEX CO
NEW HAVEN CO
NEW LONDON CO
TOLLAND CO
WINDHAM CO
KENT CO
NEW CASTLE CO
SUSSEX CO
WASHINGTON
ALACHUACO
BAY CO
BREVARD CO
BROWARD CO
COLLIER CO
DADECO
DUVALCO
ESCAMBIACO
GULF CO
HAMILTON CO
HIILSBOROUGH CO
LEE CO
LEON CO
MANATEE CO
NASSAU CO
ORANGE CO
OSCEOLACO
PALM BEACH CO
PASCO CO
PINELLAS CO
POLK CO
PUTNAM CO
ST JOHNS CO
STLUCIECO
SARASOTA CO
SEMINOLE CO
VOLUSIACO
BALDWIN CO
BARTOWCO
CHATHAM CO
CHATTOOGACO
DE KALB CO
DOUGHERTY CO
DOUGLAS CO
ELBERTCO
FANNIN CO
FLOYD CO
FULTON CO
GLYNN CO
GWINNETTCO
MUSCOGEE CO
RICHMOND CO
ROCKDALE CO
SPALD1NG CO
WASHINGTON CO
HAWAII CO
HONOLULU CO
KAUAI CO
MAUICO
ADA CO
BANNOCK CO
BLAINECO
BONNER CO
BONNEVILLECO
BUTTECO
CANYON CO
CARIBOU CO
KOOTENAI CO
LEMHI CO
LEWIS CO
MADISON CO
1990
Population
851,783
174,092
143,196
804,219
254,957
128,699
102,525
110,993
441,946
113,229
606,900
181,596
126,994
398,978
1,255,488
152,099
1,937,094
672,971
262,798
11,504
10,930
834,054
335,113
192,493
211,707
43,941
677,491
107,728
863,518
281,131
851,659
405,382
65,070
83,829
150,171
277,776
287,529
370,712
39,530
55,911
216,935
22,242
545,837
96,311
71,120
18,949
15,992
81,251
648,951
62,496
352,910
179,278
189,719
54,091
54,457
19,112
120,317
836,231
51,177
100,374
205,775
66,026
13,552
26,622
72,207
2,918
90,076
6,963
69,795
6,899
3,516
23,674
CO Pb N02 03 PM-10
8-hr QMAX AM 2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ppm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm) (ugm)
7 0.03 0.0165 0.128
0.119
0.154
3.7 0.06 0.0251 0.165
0.14
0.0077 0.127
'. '. '. 0.137
4.6 . 0.0173 0.141
0.11
6.2 . 0.0248 0.125
'. '. '. o!o84
6.7 0.02 0.0107 0.103
s!i o!oi o!oi48 o]ioe
4.6 0.03 0.0157 0.124
0.12
5 2^25 0!0114 o!l09
0.088
0.096
0.092
3^9 0 o!oi01 o!l04
0.091
3.9 0 0.0117 0.087
0.092
3.2 0 0.0115 0.086
0.09
'. -'. '. OXJ91
0.07
5.9 . . 0.099
0.093
0.091
'. '. '. 0.089
4^5 ok)3 0.0156 0.147
'. '. '. o'.u
'. '. '. 0.093
5.2 0.07 0!0189 0.145
0.08
0.123
0.78 . 0.113
0.118
0.0064 0.146
'. '. '. 0.05
2.7 0.01 0.0044 0.056
'. '. '. 0.055
6.4 ..
0.0143
'. '. '. 0.062
45
36
40
76
47
38
76
62
74
38
58
30
48
34
54
61
54
47
48
77
30
40'
43
41
37'
48
40
39
60'
34
38
80'
51
45'
58
41
48
74
45'
34
95'
91
38
79
51
79'
65
70
78
81
72
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
61
100'
46
36
258
66
59
22
11'
32
70
91
159
148
16
49
90
38
61
31
34'
41
60
17
42
36
56
23'
96'
80 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
ID
ID
ID
ID
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
"IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
County
MINIDOKACO
NEZ PERCE CO
SHOSHONE CO
TWIN FALLS CO
ADAMS CO
CHAMPAIGN CO
COLES CO
COOK CO
DU PAGE CO
EFFINGHAM CO
JACKSON CO
JERSEY CO
KANE CO
LAKE CO
LASALLECO
MC HENRY CO
MACON CO
MACOUPIN CO
MADISON CO
PEORIACO
RANDOLPH CO
ROCK ISLAND CO
STCLAIRCO
SANGAMON CO
TAZEWELL CO
WABASH CO
WILL CO
WINNEBAGO CO
ALLEN CO
CLARK CO
DAVIESS CO
DEARBORN CO
DE KALB CO
DELAWARE CO
DUBOIS CO
ELKHART CO
FLOYD CO
FOUNTAIN CO
GIBSON CO
HAMILTON CO
HANCOCK CO
JASPER CO
JEFFERSON CO
KOSCIUSKO CO
LAKE CO
LA PORTE CO
MADISON CO
MARION CO
MORGAN CO
PIKE CO
PORTER CO
POSEY CO
ST JOSEPH CO
SPENCER CO
SULLIVAN CO
TIPPECANOE CO
VANDERBURGH CO
VERMILLION CO
VIGOCO
WARRICK CO
WAYNE CO
BLACK HAWK CO
CERRO GORDO CO
CLINTON CO
DELAWARE CO
DUBUQUE CO
LEE CO
LINN CO
MUSCATINE CO
POLK CO
POTTAWATTAMIE CO
SCOTT CO
1990
Population
19,361
33,754
13,931
53,580
66,090
173,025
51,644
5,105,067
781,666
31,704
61,067
20,539
317,471
516,418
106,913
183,241
117,206
47,679
249,238
182,827
34,583
148,723
262,852
178,386
123,692
13,111
357,313
252,913
300,836
87,777
27,533
38,835
35,324
119,659
36,616
156,198
64,404
17,808
31,913
108,936
45,527
24,960
29,797
65,294
475,594
107,066
130,669
797,159
55,920
12,509
128,932
25,968
247,052
19,490
18,993
130,598
165,058
16,773
106,107
44,920
71,951
123,798
46,733
51,040
18,035
86,403
38,687
168,767
39,907
327,140
82,628
150,979
CO Pb N02 03 PM-10
8-hr QMAX AM 2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ppm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm) (ugm)
6.3 '. '. . '.
0.18
'. '. '. 0.067
0.095
5J 0.99 o!o322 o!l4
0.09 . 0.104
0.095
'. '. o!l13
0.117
0.008 0.116
0.113
0.03 . 0.097
0.8 0.01 . 0.106
4.3 5.18 . 0.134
5.6 0.03 . 0.099
0.108
0.01 . 0.085
0.1 0.0214 0.122
3.2 . . 0.1
'. 0.03 0]0066 o!l19
4.5 0.03 . 0.104
4.7 0.04 . 0.112
0.132
'. 0 ' '. '.
1.2
0.102
0.115
'. o!m
0.125
0.1
4 0.19 0.023 0.12
0.02 . 0.149
0.115
4.2 0.94 0.0198 0.115
'. '. '. 0.123
3.2 . o!oi66 o!l14
0.0093
1.4 . 0.0147 o!l04
3.7 . 0.0122 0.114
2.9 '. '. , 0.099
0.115
2.6 . '. 0.075
5.7 '. '. 0.067
0.41
0.101
49
63
112
58
60
50
42
112
62
53
107
58
42
106
42
142
52
71
43
52
64
45
64
68
101
63'
49
157
28
52
79
86
54
43
63
71
63
68
68
71'
136
88
36
62
97
157
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
80
28
101
45
63
28
218
153
117
27
153
162
287
138
47
11l'
64
102'
128
240
30
71
101'
53
111
54
125
51
89
70'
60
67
120
92
160
92
58
71
112
116
321
57
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 81
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
IA
IA
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KS
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
KY
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
ME
County
VAN BUREN CO
WOODBURYCO
CLOUD CO
FORD CO
GREELEYCO
JOHNSON CO
MORTON CO
SEDGWICKCO
SHAWNEECO
SHERMAN CO
WYANDOTTE CO
BELL CO
BOONECO
BOYDCO
BULLITTCO
CAMPBELL CO
CARTER CO
CHRISTIAN CO
DAVIESS CO
EDMONSON CO
FAYETTE CO
FLOYD CO
GRAVES CO
GREENUP CO
HANCOCK CO
HARDIN CO
HARLANCO
HENDERSON CO
JEFFERSON CO
JESSAMINE CO
KENTONCO
LAWRENCE CO
LIVINGSTON CO
MCCRACKENCO
MC LEAN CO
MADISON CO
MARSHALL CO
MUHLENBERG CO
OLDHAM CO
PERRY CO
PIKE CO
PULASK1 CO
SCOTT CO
SIMPSON CO
TRIGGCO
WARREN CO
WHITLEYCO
WOODFORD CO
ASCENSION PAR
BEAUREGARD PAR
BOSSIER PAR
CADDOPAR
CALCASIEU PAR
EAST BATON ROUGE PAR
GRANT PAR
IBERVILLE PAR
JACKSON PAR
JEFFERSON PAR
LAFAYETTE PAR
LAFOURCHE PAR
LIVINGSTON PAR
ORLEANS PAR
OUACHITAPAR
POINTS COUPEE PAR
RAPIDES PAR
ST BERNARD PAR
ST CHARLES PAR
ST JAMES PAR
ST JOHN THE BAPTIST PAR
ST MARY PAR
WEST BATON ROUGE PAR
ANDROSCOGGIN CO
1990
Population
7,676
98,276
11,023
27,463
1,774
355,054
3,480
403,662
160,976
6,926
161,993
31,506
57,589
51,150
47,567
83,866
24,340
68,941
87,189
10,357
225,366
43,586
33,550
36,742
7,864
89,240
36,574
43,044
664,937
30,508
142,031
13,998
9,062
62,879
9,628
57,508
27,205
31,318
33,263
30,283
72,583
49,489
23,867
15,145
10,361
76,673
33,326
19,955
58,214
30,083
86,088
248,253
168,134
380,105
17,526
31,049
15,705
448,306
164,762
85,860
70,526
496,938
142,191
22,540
131,556
66,631
42,437
20,879
39,996
58,086
19,419
105,259
CO Pb N02
8-hr QMAX AM
(ppm) (ugm) (ppm)
'. o!oi ;
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
5.7 0.02
0.01
0.4 0.01
3.9 0.03 0.0203
4.2
3.8 . 0.0156
0.0119
0.0198
4.2 '. 0.0125
3 '. 0.017
'. o.o4 '.
2.7 '. 0.0172
6.1. 0.06 0.0217
3.1 '. 0.021S
2.6 . 0.0117
'. '. 0.0124
'. 0.06
'. '. 0.0063
'. '. 0.006
4 0.13 0.0178
'. '. 0.0102
'. '. 0.0114
'. '. 0.0045
4 0.03 0.0212
0.0068
'. '. 0.0123
0.41
0.04 0.0107
0.04 0.0157
03 PM-10
2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ppm) (ugm)
0.082
0.1
o!os
0.113
0.092
0.108
0.123
0.116
0.115
0^101
0.109
0.085
0.108
o!o89
0.118
0.115
0.117
o!ios
0.119
0.098
0.114
0.099
0.108
0.099
0.107
0^108
0.092
0.125
0.107
0.107
0.101
o!i2
0.12
0.092
0.102
0.113
0.134
0.095
0.133
o!m
0.109
0.141
0.125
0.098
0.095
0.107
o!o93
0.115
0.127
0.118
0.104
0.112
62
57
61
64
56
38
102
65
57
104
65
79'
64
70
61
79'
62
77
48
74
79
70
6?'
54
50
60
68
57
69
67
54
73
51
71
52
50
54
42
58
40
47
SO
111
45
66
56
46
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
23
15
3
52
125'
72
73'
42'
62
70
78
105
64'
52
91
33
10'
48
45
18
58'
88
68
82 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
State
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
MA
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
MN
County
AROOSTOOK CO
CUMBERLAND CO
FRANKLIN CO
HANCOCK CO
KENNEBEC CO
KNOXCO
OXFORD CO
PENOBSCOTCO
PISCATAQUIS CO
SAGADAHOC CO
SOMERSET CO
WASHINGTON CO
YORK CO
ALLEGANY CO
ANNE ARUNDEL CO
BALTIMORE CO
CARROLL CO
CECIL CO
CHARLES CO
FREDERICK CO
GARRETT CO
HARFORD CO
KENT CO
MONTGOMERY CO
PRINCE GEORGES CO
WASHINGTON CO
WICOMICOCO
BALTIMORE
BARNSTABLE CO
BERKSHIRE CO
BRISTOL CO
ESSEX CO
HAMPDEN CO
HAMPSHIRE CO
MIDDLESEX CO
NORFOLK CO
PLYMOUTH CO
SUFFOLK CO
WORCESTER CO
ALLEGAN CO
ALPENA CO
BENZIE CO
BERRIEN CO
CALHOUN CO
CASS CO
CLINTON CO
DELTA CO
GENESEE CO
HURON CO
INGHAM CO
KALAMAZOO CO
KENT CO
LENAWEE CO
MACOMB CO
MARQUETTE CO
MASON CO
MONROE CO
MUSKEGON CO
OAKLAND CO
OTTAWA CO
SAGINAWCO
STCLAIRCO
VAN BUREN CO
WASHTENAW CO
WAYNE CO
ANOKACO
CARLTON CO
DAKOTA CO
HENNEPIN CO
KOOCHICHING CO
LAKE CO
OLMSTED CO
1990
Population
86,936
243,135
29,008
46,948
115,904
36,310
52,602
146,601
18,653
33,535
49,767
35,308
164,587
74,946
427,239
692,134
123,372
71,347
101,154
150,208
28,138
182,132
17,842
757,027
729,268
121,393
. 74,339
736,014
186,605
139,352
506,325
670,080
456,310
146,568
1,398,468
616,087
435,276
663,906
709,705
90,509
30,605
12,200
161,378
135,982
49,477
57,883
37,780
430,459
34,951
281,912
223,411
500,631
91,476
717,400
70,887
25,537
133,600
158,983
1,083,592
187,768
211,946
145,607
70,060
282,937
2,111,687
243,641
29,259
275,227
1,032,431
16,299
10,415
106,470
CO Pb NO,
8-hr QMAX AM
(ppm) (ugm) (ppm)
'. 0.005
.o.ooa
0.0119
3.2 . 0.022
0.0098
3A '. '.
6.3
5.8 0.03 o!o262
Q' o!oi63
8.4 0.01 0.0224
0.0069
7.8
0.0215
3.7 0.01 0.0305
4.2 . 0.0206
0.0075
0.01
0.01
1.7 0.01 o!oi4
4.6 0.01
4.2 ! o!oi46
0.01 '.
4.1
0.01 0.0082
6.6 0.11 0.0216
1.2 . 0.0191
5
2nd MAX
(ppm)
0 116
0.121
0.091
0.123
0.093
0.1
0.087
0.139
0.088
0.107
0.129
o!l53
0.137
0.119
0.146
0.112
o!l43
0.122
0.121
0.124
0.14
0.134
0.086
0.138
0.119
0.128
0.129
0.113
0.104
o!ioe
0.118
0.145
0.111
0.115
o!n
0.088
0097
0.119
0.104
o!ios
0.117
0.11
o!l29
0.125
0.142
0.125
0.116
0.135
0.113
0.112
0.093
0085
0.069
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
65
86
49
65
83
55
54
92
34
33
56
63
46
42
59
58
"
57
51
53
33
73
43
28
52
32
32
29
58
39
74
55
46
53
54
42
55
26
159
42
57
29
49
so,
24-hr
(ugm)
130
57
58
54
40
57
61
57
87
81
34
104
85
60
22
40
to
38
29
52
114
41
125*
no
3D
15
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 83
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
4S1
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
MN
MN
MN
MN
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MO
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
County
RAMSEY CO
ST LOUIS CO
STEARNS CO
WASHINGTON CO
ADAMS CO
COAHOMACO
DESOTOCO
FRANKLIN CO
HANCOCK CO
HARRISON CO
HINDS CO
JACKSON CO
JONES CO
LAUDERDALE CO
LEE CO
MADISON CO
SHARKEY CO
WARREN CO
WASHINGTON CO
AUORAIN CO
BUCHANAN CO
CHRISTIAN CO
CLAY CO
COLE CO
GREENE CO
HOLT CO
IRON CO
JACKSON CO
JEFFERSON CO
MARION CO
MONROE CO
PLATTE CO
ST CHARLES CO
ST FRANCOIS CO
ST LOUIS CO
TANEY CO
ST LOUIS
BIG HORN CO
BROADWATER CO
CASCADE CO
FERGUS CO
FLATHEAD CO
GALLATIN CO
GLACIER CO
JEFFERSON CO
LAKE CO
LEWIS AND CLARK CO
LINCOLN CO
MADISON CO
MISSOULACO
PARK CO
PHILLIPS CO
RAVALLI CO
ROOSEVELT CO
ROSEBUD CO
SANDERS CO
SILVER BOW CO
STILLWATER CO
YELLOWSTONE CO
ADAMS CO
BUFFALO CO
CASS CO
DAWSON CO
DODGE CO
DOUGLAS CO
GAGE CO
HALL CO
LANCASTER CO
NEMAHACO
OTOECO
SARPY CO
SCOTTS BLUFF CO
1990
Population
485,765
198,213
118,791
145,896
35,356
31,665
67,910
8,377
31 ,760
165,365
254,441
115,243
62,031
75,555
65,581
53,794
7,066
47,880
67,935
23,599
83,083
32,644
153,411
63,579
207,949
6,034
10,726
633,232
171,380
27,682
9,104
57,867
212,907
48,904
993,529
25,561
396,685
11,337
3,318
77,691
12,083
59,218
50,463
12,121
7,939
21,041
47,495
17,481
5,989
78,687
14,562
5,163
25,010
10,999
10,505
8,669
33,941
6,536
,113,419
29,625
37,447
21,318
19,940
34,500
416,444
22,794
48,925
213,641
7,980
14,252
102,583
36,025
CO Pb N02 03 PM-10
8-hr QMAX AM 2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ppm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm) (ugm)
7.4 . .
4^3 '. '. '.
0.114.
0.092
'. '. . 0.108
0.094
0.111
44 olo9 . 0.09
0.096
'. '. . 0.091
0.097
0.089
0.096
0.086
3.8 '. 0.0129 0.134
4!l '. o!oi18 o!l05
1.16
8.1
4.7 0.01 0.0173 0.087
6.54 . 0.125
! '. '. 0.094
0.0091 0.122
0.0112 0.136
0.06
3.6 0.03 0.022 0.117
2 ...
5 . 0.0262 0.123
6^2 ..
6.5 '.
'. 5.37 '. '.
6.6 ...
'. '. 0.0054
6.6 '. '. '.
'. 0.08
7.5 6.57 . 0.088
6^2 '. '. ' 0.07
88
45
49
46
68
35
46
45
57
58
101
140
44
39
77
45
51
38
58
67
88
61
59
52
25
133
124
37
65
109
91
89
29
81
78
40
74
35
99
97
84
26
35
53
83
115
100
90
26
31
54
46
58
52
76
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
98
63
19
28
112
49
216
198
61
159
29
29
58
61
89
39
43
210
108'
36'
208
111
84 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
State
NV
NV
NV
NV
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NH
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
County
CLARK CO
DOUGLAS CO
WASHOE CO
WHITE PINE CO
CHESHIRE CO
COOS CO
HILLSBOROUGH CO
MERR1MACK CO
ROCKINGHAM CO
STRAFFORD CO
SULLIVAN CO
ATLANTIC CO
BERGEN CO
BURLINGTON CO
CAMDEN CO
CUMBERLAND CO
ESSEX CO
GLOUCESTER CO
HUDSON CO
HUNTERDON CO
MERCER CO
MIDDLESEX CO
MONMOUTH CO
MORRIS CO
OCEAN CO
PASSAIC CO
SALEM CO
UNION CO
WARREN CO
BERNALILLO CO
CHAVES CO
CIBOLA CO
DONA ANA CO
EDDY CO
GRANT CO
HIDALGO CO
LEA CO
LUNA CO
MCKINLEYCO
OTERO CO
SANDOVAL CO
SAN JUAN CO
SANTA FE CO
TAOS CO
VALENCIA CO
ALBANY CO
BRONX CO
BROOME CO
CHAUTAUQUA CO
CHEMUNG CO
DUTCHESS CO
ERIE CO
ESSEX CO
FRANKLIN CO
GREENE CO
HAMILTON CO
HERKIMER CO
JEFFERSON CO
KINGS CO
MADISON CO
MONROE CO
NASSAU CO
NEW YORK CO
NIAGARA CO
ONEIDA CO
ONONDAGA CO
ORANGE CO
PUTNAM CO
QUEENS CO
RENSSELAER CO
RICHMOND CO
ROCKLAND CO
1990
Population
741,459
27,637
254,667
9,264
70,121
34,828
336,073
120,005
245,845
104,233
38,592
224,327
825,380
395,066
502,824
138,053
778,206
230,082
553,099
107,776
325,824
671,780
553,124
421,353
433,203
453,060
65,294
493,819
91,607
480,577
57,849
23,794
135,510
48,605
27,676
5,958
55,765
18,110
60,686
51,928
63,319
91,605
98,928
23,118
45,235
292,594
1,203,789
212,160
141,895
95,195
259,462
968,532
37,152
46,540
44,739
5,279
65,797
110,943
2,300,664
69,120
713,968
1,287,348
1,487,536
220,756
250,836
468,973
307,647
83,941
1,951,598
154,429
378,977
265,475
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
9.2
2.5
6
7^6
4.7
5
4.4
4
5.3
s!i
5^3
3.6
5.1
3.9
7.7
7^6
4!4
i!e
2.7
2.3
3.6
3^1
7^9
3A
5
7.9
2
3.3
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
0.03
0.23
o!os
olo?
0.03
0.02
o'.i
o'.04
o!o4
0.13
o!o4
Ol07
0.02
0.11
Olo3
N02
AM
(ppm)
0.0274
0.01
0.0132
0.0122
o!o287
o!o239
o!o314
o!o259
o!o!57
0.0186
0.0117
0.0387
o!oi76
o!o049
0.0057
o!oio2
o!oi4i
0.0357
0^021 1
o!o329
o!o247
0.0417
03
2nd MAX
(ppm)
0.091
0.083
0.083
0.057
0.082
o]in
0.082
0.13
0.088
0.116
0.122
0.138
0.126
0.114
0.139
0.125
0.115
0.132
0.15
0.147
0.125
0.149
0.108
0.095
o!l35
0.1
0.076
0.106
0.12
0.104
0.088
0.115
0.099
0.103
0.101
0.088
0.113
0.131
0.096
0.103
0.106
0.095
0.103
0.115
0.127
0.123
o!l25
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
177
94
60
79
36
31
37
37
32
66
78
66
77
40
87
45
51
71
69
65
112
65
36
272
66
28
51
48
36
22
51
30
34
81
52
66
43
48
43
48
28
44
38
29
68
53
63
93
47
42
59
41
44
65
22
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
67
94
81
110
46
33
29
78
70
75
41
74
54
77
46'
70
66
94
•]7
42
70
118
59
138
1 14
37
133
21
21
22
102
38
128
77
123
133
42
39
79
19
64
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 85
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
C32
633
634
635
636
637
033
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
ND
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
County
SARATOGA CO
SCHENECTADY CO
STEUBEN CO
SUFFOLK CO
ULSTER CO
WARREN CO
WAYNE CO
WESTCHESTER CO
ALAMANCE CO
ALEXANDER CO
BEAUFORT CO
BUNCOMBE CO
CABARRUS CO
CALDWELLCO
CAMDEN CO
CASWELLCO
CATAWBACO
CHATHAM CO
COLUMBUS CO
CUMBERLAND CO
DAVIDSON CO
DAVIECO
DUPLIN CO
DURHAM CO
EDGECOMBECO
FORSYTH CO
FRANKLIN CO
GASTON CO
GRANVILLECO
GUILFORD CO
HALIFAX CO
HARNETTCO
HAYWOODCO
HENDERSON CO
JOHNSTON CO
LINCOLN CO
MCDOWELL CO
MARTIN CO
MECKLENBURG CO
MITCHELL CO
NEW HANOVER CO
NORTHAMPTON CO
ONSLOWCO
ORANGE CO
PASQUOTANK CO
PERSON CO
PITT CO
ROBESON CO
ROCKINGHAM CO
ROWAN CO
SWAIN CO
WAKE CO
WATAUGACO
WAYNE CO
WILSON CO
YANCEYCO
BILLINGS CO '
BUBLEIGH CO
CASSOO
DUNN CO
GRAND FORKS CO
MCKENZIECO
MERCER CO
MORTON CO
OLIVER CO
STARK CO
STEELE CO
WILLIAMS CO
ADAMS CO
ALLEN CO
ASHTABULA CO
ATHENS CO
BELMONTCO
1990
Population
181,276
149,285
99,088
1,321,864
165,304
59,209
89,123
874,866
108,213
27,544
42,283
174,821
98,935
70,709
5,904
20,693
118,412
38,759
49,587
274,566
126,677
27,859
39,995
181,835
56,558
265,878
36,414
175,093
38,345
347,420
55,516
67,822
46,942
69,285
81,306
50,319
35,681
25,078
511,433
14,433
120,284
20,798
149,838
93,851
31,298
30,180
107,924
105,179
86,064
110,605
11,268
423,380
36,952
104,666
66,061
15,419
1,108
60,131
102,874
4,005
70,683
6,383
9,808
23,700
2,381
22,832
2,420
21,129
25,371
109,755
99,821
59,549
71,074
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
4^3
t
0.3
0.4
5.4
5.4
6.2
0.6
4
0.6
5.8
0.9
SA
5.3
0.9
6.6
.
0.3
Pb NO,
QMAX AM
(ugm) (ppm)
ox)3 '.
'. 0.006
'. 0.004
'. o!on
'.' 0X1159
0.007
! 0X107
'. 0X111
'. 0X1164
'. 0.009
0.01
'. o!oie
'. 0.0075
'. 0.0057
'. 0.0032
'. 0.0027
'. 0.0069
03 PM-10
2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ppm) (ugm)
0.101
0.095
o!l46
0.092
o!m
0.124
0X185
0.095
0.093
0.108
o!l02
o!l04
0^077
0.101
o!l17
0.091
0^109
0.111
Oll07
o!l04
0.106
0^089
0.118
o!ioi
o!o94
0.098
0X188
0.111
0.077
0.108
o!m
0X144
0.062
0.061
o!oei
o!o67
0.106
0.104
39
42
41
53
47
39
50
59
48
31
71
42
51
43
38
56
25
51
48
66
48
57
51
53
41
46
41'
52
58
71
38
3B
3l'
35
44
42
43
45
34
34
45
36
46
40'
33'
31
48
33
47
46
78
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
42
75
25
30
13
45
20
34
65
42'
19
27
164
25
31
15
i8
19
17
15'
57
71
42
10
30 .
67
40
51
111
86 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
County
BUTLER CO
CLARK CO
CLERMONTCO
CLINTON CO
COLUMBIANACO
CUYAHOGA CO
FRANKLIN CO
FULTON CO
GREENE CO
HAMILTON CO
HANCOCK CO
JEFFERSON CO
KNOXCO
LAKE CO
LAWRENCE CO
LICKING CO
LOGAN CO
LORAIN CO
LUCAS CO
MADISON CO
MAHONING CO
MEDINA CO
MEIGSCO
MIAMI CO
MONROE CO
MONTGOMERY CO
MORGAN CO
NOBLE CO
OTTAWA CO
PORTAGE CO
PREBLECO
HIGHLAND CO
SANDUSKY CO
SCIOTO CO
SENECA CO
STARK CO
SUMMIT CO
TRUMBULL CO
TUSCARAWAS CO
WARREN CO
WASHINGTON CO
WYANDOTCO
CARTER CO
CLEVELAND CO
COMANCHE CO
GARVIN CO
KAY CO
MC CLAIN CO
MAYES CO
MUSKOGEECO
OKLAHOMA CO
TULSA CO
WOODWARD CO
CLACKAMAS CO
COLUMBIA CO
DESCHUTES CO
DOUGLAS CO
JACKSON CO
JOSEPHINE CO
KLAMATH CO
LAKE CO
LANE CO
MARION CO
MULTNOMAH CO
UMATILLACO
UNION CO
YAMHILL CO
ALLEGHENY CO
BEAVER CO
BERKS CO
BLAIR CO
BUCKS CO
1990
Population
291,479
147,548
150,187
35,415
108,276
1,412,140
961,437
38,498
136,731
866,228
65,536
80,298
47,473
215,499
61,834
128,300
42,310
271,126
462,361
37,068
264,806
122,354
22,987
93,182
15,497
573,809
14,194
11,336
40,029
142,585
40,113
126,137
61,963
80,327
59,733
367,585
514,990
227,813
84,090
113,909
62,254
22,254
42,919
174,253
111,486
26,605
48,056
22,795
33,366
68,078
599,611
503,341
18,976
278,850
37,557
74,958
94,649
146,389
62,649
57,702
7,186
282,912
228,483
583,887
59,249
23,598
65,551
1,336,449
186,093
336,523
130,542
541,174
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
8.2
4.9
4
57
2.1
3A
3.7
OA
3
3.7
2^8
3.1
7.3
4.4
5^2
6
6.3
4.1
5A
5.5
7
5.9
2.5
3.9
1.7
5
Pb N02 03
QMAX AM 2nd MAX
(ugm) (ppm) (ppm)
0.1 . 0.133
0.123
0.116
0.121
0.0196
1.63 0.0273 0.112
0.14 . 0.108
0.43
o'.oe o!o243 o!i23
0.02 0.115
0.104
0.118
0.11
0.116
0.44 . 0.109
0.106
0.111
0.113
0.11
0.114
0.102
0.05 . 0.109
0.115
' . . 0.099
0*0077
'. 012
0.03 '. o!l19
0.113
0.128
0.111
0.0117 0.109
0.008 0.092
' ' 0109
0.0072 '.
0.02 0.0138 0.12
0.09 0.0158 0.121
'. o!l06
0.081
0.02 . 0.091
0.02 '. O.OB7
0.04 0.0152
0.28 '. '.
0.1 0.0319 0.138
0 0.0183 0.106
0.73 0.021 0.116
0.0128 0.112
0.04 0.0203 0.137
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
99
88
173
83
51
82
44
111
50
57
67
68
130
57
64
58
45
61
74
65
81
66
71
64
65
56
77
52
50
57
62
48
70
45
24
82
36
76
62
66
81
135
58
72
98
193
56
54
70
75
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
52
44
62
104
94
51
69
150
131
71
52
66
95
119
40
131
59
85
120
130
42
59
49
17
117
30
223
209
87
97
91
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 87
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
PA
FA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
FA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
Rl
Rl
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
SD
SD
so
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
County
CAMBRIA CO
CARBON CO
CHESTER CO
DAUPHIN CO
DELAWARE CO
ERIE CO
LACKAWANNA CO
LANCASTER CO
LAWRENCE CO
LEHIGHCO
LUZERNE CO
LYCOMING CO
MERCER CO
MONTGOMERY CO
NORTHAMPTON CO
PERRY CO
PHILADELPHIA CO
SCHUYLKILLCO
WARREN CO
WASHINGTON CO
WESTMORELAND CO
YORK CO
KENT CO
PROVIDENCE CO
ABBEVILLE CO
AIKEN CO
ANDERSON CO
BARNWELL CO
BERKELEY CO
CHARLESTON CO
CHEROKEE CO
CHESTER CO
DARLINGTON CO
DILLON CO
EDGEFIELD CO
FAIRFIELD CO
GEORGETOWN CO
GREENVILLE CO
GREENWOOD CO
LEXINGTON CO
OCONEECO
PICKENS CO
RICHLAND CO
SPARTANBURG CO
UNION CO
WILLIAMSBURG CO
YORK CO
BROOKINGS CO
MINNEHAHACO
PENNINGTON CO
ANDERSON CO
BENTON CO
BLOUNTCO
BRADLEY CO
COFFEE CO
DAVIDSON CO
DICKSON CO
DYER CO
FAYETTE CO
GILES CO
HAMBLEN CO
HAMILTON CO
HARDIN CO
HAWKINS CO
HAYWOOD CO
HENRY CO
HOUSTON CO
HUMPHREYS CO
JEFFERSON CO
KNOXCO
MC MINN CO
MADISON CO
1990
Population
163,029
56,846
376,396
237,813
547,651
275,572
219,039
422,822
96,246
291,130
328,149
118,710
121,003
678,111
247,105
41,172
1,585,577
152,585
45,050
204,584
370,321
339,574
161,135
596,270
23,862
120,940
145,196
20,293
128,776
295,039
44,506
32,170
61,851
29,114
18,375
22,295
46,302
320,167
59,567
167,611
57,494
93,894
285,720
226,800
30,337
36,815
131,497
25,207
123,809
81,343
68,250
14,524
85,969
73,712
40,339
510,784
35,061
34,854
25,559
25,741
50,480
285,536
22,633
44,565
19,437
27,888
7,018
15,795
33,016
335,749
42,383
77,982
CO Pb N02 03 PM-10
8-hr QMAX AM 2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ppm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm) (ugm)
3.5 0.06 0.0154 0.101
0.07
2.6 0.04 0.02 0.113
0.05 0.02 0.126
3.2 . 0.0148 0.105
2.6 . 0.0177 0.11
2.4 0.04 0.0157 0.124
4.3 . 0.019 0.101
4.8 . 0.0182 0.109
3 . 0.0144 0.105
0.091
0.05 . 0.113
4.1 0.04 0.02 0.114
4.6 0.04 0.0225 0.116
0.0071 0.103
5.6 10.19 0.0318 0.13
1.8 ...
2.8 . 0.0173 0.116
0.06 . 0.127
2.7 0.04 0.0211 0.097
0.004 0.136
7 . 0.0224 0.131
0.096
0.01 . 0.091
0.01 . 0.115
0.085
0.087
6.4 0.01 0.0111 0.092
0.106
0.116
0.089
0.02
0.092
'. o!oi '. '.
5.3 0.03 0.0174
0.02
'. '. '. 0.093
0.107
4 0.01 0.0128 0.105
0.01 . 0.12
0.098
0.082
0.01 . 0.117
0.113
'. '. '. o!l24
0.0148
0.105
7.3 0.09 0.0144 0.11
0.02 . 0.12
0.112
0.05
'. '. '. o!l13
'. '. '. O.OS7
'. '. '. 0^123
4.1 . . 0.12
0.0131
0.0172 0.062
61
83
67
105
94
76
73
104
56
65
59
72
57
70
59
295
74
72
66
37
76
40
38
34
55
47
85
94
137
96
43
45'
63
54
115
23
48
48
57
70
56
23
12
59
83
64°
65
51
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
110
52
100
131
118
48
84
74
70
71
84
65
71
37
105
85
68
117
51
73
51'
43'
18
38
10
19'
57
139'
85
29
53
21
49
48
107
43
63
68
62
88 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
IN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
UT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VT
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
County
MAURY CO
MONTGOMERY CO
POLK CO
PUTNAM CO
ROANECO
RUTHERFORD CO
SEVIER CO
SHELBY CO
STEWART CO
SULLIVAN CO
SUMNER CO
WASHINGTON CO
WILLIAMSON CO
WILSON CO
BELL CO
BEXAR CO
BRAZORIA CO
BREWSTER CO
CAMERON CO
COLLIN CO
DALLAS CO
DENTON CO
ECTOR CO
ELLIS CO
EL PASO CO
GALVESTON CO
GREGG CO
HARRIS CO
JEFFERSON CO
KAUFMAN CO
LUBBOCK CO
NUECES CO
ORANGE CO
POTTER CO
SMITH CO
TARRANTCO
TRAVIS CO
VICTORIA CO
WEBB CO
WICHITA CO
CACHE CO
DAVIS CO
GRAND CO
IRON CO
SALT LAKE CO
SAN JUAN CO
TOOELE CO
UTAH CO
WASHINGTON CO
WEBER CO
BENNINGTON CO
CHITTENDEN CO
RUTLAND CO
WASHINGTON CO
WINDHAM CO
ARLINGTON CO
CAROLINE CO
CARROLL CO
CHARLES CITY CO
CHESTERFIELD CO
CULPEPER CO
FAIRFAX CO
FAUQUIER CO
FREDERICK CO
HANOVER CO
HENRICO CO
HENRY CO
ISLE OF WIGHT CO
KING WILLIAM CO
LOUDOUN CO
NORTHUMBERLAND CO
PRINCE WILLIAM CO
1990
Population
54,812
100,498
13,643
51,373
47,227
118,570
51,043
826,330
9,479
143,596
103,281
92,315
81,021
67,675
191,088
1,185,394
191,707
8,681
260,120
264,036
1,852,810
273,525
118,934
85,167
591,610
217,399
104,948
2,818,199
239,397
52,220
222,636
291,145
80,509
97,874
151,309
1,170,103
576,407
74,361
133,239
122,378
70,183
187,941
6,620
20,789
725,956
12,621
26,601
263,590
48,560
158,330
35,845
131,761
62,142
54,928
41,588
170,936
19,217
26,594
6,282
209,274
27,791
818,584
48,741
45,723
63,306
217,881
56,942
25,053
10,913
86,129
10,524
215,686
CO Pb N02 03
8-hr QMAX AM 2nd MAX
(ppm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm)
2^1 '. 0.0095 '.
0.091
0.19
0.085
0.091
6.6 1.53 0.0272 0.136
3 0.18 o!oi77 0^114
0.124
3.1 0.0033 0.105
0.104
4.3 0.03 . 0.121
0.148
0.058
2.6 . . 0.084
0.69 . 0.132
5.9 0.19 0.0233 0.144
0.145
044 ! '.
7.9 0.19 0.0344 0.126
0.03 . 0.198
0.145
5.2 0.02 0.0255 0.2
1.7 0.02 0.01 0.149
0.04
o!l28
0.0103 0.12
0.111
3.3 0.04 0.02 0.143
3.5 . 0.0211 0.105
0.104
3.9 . . 0.072
3.2 . 0.0197 0.115
5.5 0.06 0.0225 0.115
0.068
7.1 . 0.0225 0.095
3 . . 0.077
6.7 . 0.0242 0.101
0.089
2.5 . 0.0168 0.085
4.6 . 0.0132
4.6 . 0.023 0.118
0.0065 0.098
0.0112 o!l06
0.124
4.3 0.03 0.0233 OJ32
0.096
• . . 0.098
0.12
0.108
0.093
0!0109 o!l26
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
60
64
51
58
72
59
56
42
42
49
73
75
38
81
138
78
92
56
149
56
35
51
60
41
55
57
48
48
62
34
129
50
103
73
93
39
45
• 45
42
40
51
53
54
51
50
50
26
46
45
44
49
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
65
170
22
53
50
31
99
76
15
78
7
22
81
142
233
138
80
58
11
29
89
7
16
73
61
57
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 89
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
State
aes
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
VA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
WV
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
County
ROANOKE CO
SMYTH CO
STAFFORD CO
TAZEWELL CO
WARREN CO
WISE CO
WYTHECO
YORK CO
ALEXANDRIA
BRISTOL
CHARLOTTESVILLE
CHESAPEAKE
COVINGTON
FREDERICKSBURG
HAMPTON
LYNCHBURG
MARTINSVILLE
NEWPORT NEWS
NORFOLK
RICHMOND
ROANOKE
SUFFOLK
WINCHESTER
ADAMS CO
ASOTIN CO
BENTONCO
CHELAN CO
CLALLAM CO
CLARK CO
COWUTZCO
GRAYS HARBOR CO
KING CO
KITSAPCO
PIERCE CO
SKAGITCO
SNOHOMISH CO
SPOKANE CO
THURSTON CO
WALLA WALLA CO
WHATCOM CO
YAKIMACO
BERKELEY CO
BROOKE CO
CABELL CO
FAYETTE CO
GREENBRIER CO
HANCOCK CO
HARRISON CO
KANAWHACO
MARION CO
MARSHALL CO
MONONGALIACO
OHIO CO
PUTNAM CO
WAYNE CO
WOOD CO
BROWN CO
COLUMBIA CO
DANE CO
DODGE CO
DOOR CO
DOUGLAS CO
FLORENCE CO
FOND DU LAC CO
JEFFERSON CO
KENOSHA CO
KEWAUNEE CO
MANITOWOCCO
MARATHON CO
MILWAUKEE CO
ONEIDACO
OUTAGAMIECO
CO
1990 8-hr
Population (ppm)
79,332
32,370
61,236
45,960
26,142
39,573
25,466
42,422
111,183 3.8
18,426
40,341
151,976
6,991
19,027
133,793
66,049
16,162
170,045 3.4
261,229 5.1
203,056 2.8
96,397 5.2
52,141
21,947
13,603
17,605
112,560
52,250
56,464
238,053 6.3
82,119
64,175
1,507,319 6.5
189,731 5
586,203 6.3
79,555
465,642 6.5
361,364 11.2
161,238 5.5
48,439
127,780
188,823 7.1
59,253
26.992
96,827
47,952
34,693
35,233 6.7
69,371
207,619 2.4
57,249
37,356
75,509
50,871 5
42,835
41,636
86,915
194,594
45,088
367,085 4.6
76,559
25,690
41,758
4,590 !
90,083
67,783
128,181
18,878
80,421
115,400
959,275 3.9
31,679
140,510
Pb N02 03 PM-10
QMAX AM 2nd MAX 2nd MAX
(ugm) (ppm) (ppm) (ugm)
OTOT27 0.093
'. '. o!in
'. '. 0.095
'. 0.0256 o]l15
o!o2 '. '.
'. '. 0.099
0.03 o!oi78 '.
0.0222
'. '. o.^^3
'. '. 0.072
0.108
0.51 0.019 0.099
! '. O.OB9
'. '. 0.079
0.08
'. • '. 0.079
0.02 '. '.
0.04 . 0.122
'. 0.005 o!l04
0.05 . 0.108
0.01
0.02 0.0202 0.111
0.03
o!o2 '. '.
0.104
o!o2 . 0.122
0.112
0.105
0.1
0.088
0.121
'. '. 0.078
0.091
0.098
0.127
0.12
0.0035 0.122
0.088
0.05 0.0239 0.126
0.076
0.105
56
47'
47
49
2?'
52
56
53
39
50
52
39
54
56
43
55
88
40
46
34
65
64
44
39
35
46
18
117
65
94
88
103
65
91
43
72
77
57
161
55
56
62
57
53
56
55'
so'
82
59
S02
24-hr
(ugm)
27
49'
41
73
41
228
53
53'
73
36
46
116
51
34
342
66
196
108
122
152
107
46
48
58
65
153
90 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-11. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by County, 1995 (continued)
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
State
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
WY
County
OZAUKEECO
POLK CO
RACINE CO
ROCK CO
STCROIXCO
SAUK CO
SHEBOYGAN CO
VERNON CO
VILAS CO
WALWORTH CO
WASHINGTON CO
WAUKESHA CO
WINNEBAGO CO
ALBANY CO
CAMPBELL CO
FREMONT CO
LARAMIE CO
NATRONA CO
PARK CO
SHERIDAN CO
SWEETWATER CO
TETON CO
CO Pb N02 03
1990 8-hr QMAX AM 2nd MAX
Population (ppm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm)
72,831 00085 0.126
34,773 1
175,034 4
139,510
50,251
46,975
103,877
25,617
17,707
75,000
95,328
304,715 2
140,320
30,797
29,370
33,662
73,142
61,226
23,178
23,562
38,823
11,172
1
3
9
0.096
0.113
0.103
0.09
0.102
0.122
0.085
o!i
0.099
0.102
0.098
o!o65
PM-10 S02
2nd MAX 24-hr
(ugm) (ugm)
'. 12
41
29
72
53
112
94
36
42
36
124
82
77
CO = Highest second maximum non-overlapping 8-hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 9 ppm)
Pb = Highest quarterly maximum concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 1.5 ug/m3)
NO2 = Highest arithmetic mean concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 0.053 ppm)
O3 = Highest second daily maximum 1-hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 0.12 ppm)
PM-10 = Highest second maximum 24-hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 150 ug/m3)
Data from exceptional events not included.
SO2 = Highest second maximum 24-hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 365 ug/m3)
WTD = Weighted
AM = Annual mean
UGM = Units are micrograms per cubic meter
PPM = Units are parts per million
Note: The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs according to their air quality. The monitor-
ing data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site but may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 91
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-12. Operating Surface RAMS Sites - Ozone Summary, 1995
Area - Site
Atlanta - Conyers
Atlanta - South DeKalb
Atlanta - "nicker
Atlanta - Sites reporting both years
Baltimore - Aldlno
Baltimore - Essex
Baltimore - Fort Meade
Baltimore - turns Pond
Baltimore - Morgan State
Baltimore - Sites reporting both years
Baton Rouge - Bayou Plaquemine
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Baton Rouge - New Pride
Baton Rouge — Pride
Baton Rouge - Sites reporting both years
Beaumont - PI. Arthur
Beaumont - Sites reporting both years
Boston - Arcadia National Park
Boston - Borderland
Boston - Lynn
Boston — Newbury
Boston - Sites reporting both years
Connecticut - Cape Eliz., ME
Connecticut - E. Hartford
Connecticut - Stafford
Connecticut - Sites reporting both years
El Paso - Ascarte Park
El Paso - Chamizal
El Paso - N. Campbell
El Paso - UTEP
El Paso — Sites reporting both years
Houston - Aldlne
Houston - Clinton Dr.
Houston - Deer Park
Houston - NW Harris
Houston - Sites reporting both years
Lake Michigan - Braidwood
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Lake Michigan - Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan - Gary
Lake Michigan - Harrington Beach
Lake Michigan - Holland
Lake Michigan - Manitowoc
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Sites reporting both years
Now York - Bronx Botanical G
Now York- New Brunswick
New York- Sites reporting both years
Philadelphia - East Lycoming
Philadelphia - Lums Pond
Site
Type
3
2
2
3
2
1
4
2
1/3
2
1/3
1/3
2
4
1
2
3
4
2
3
1
2
2
3
1
2
2
4
1
4
2
2
3
3
4
2
2
1
2
1
1994
Total
Exceed.
0
0
(ND)
0
5
0
5
2
(ND)
12
0
2
(ND)
0
2
0
0
(ND)
(ND)
1
0
1
1
2
1
4
5
0
2
1
8
12
4
6
14
36
(ND)
1
(ND)
(ND)
1
0
2
2
5
(ND)
0
0
0
2
Absolute
Max. (ppb)
124
122
(ND)
141
120
163
134
(ND)
123
143
(ND)
97
105
(ND)
(ND)
130
101
148
169
129
153
120
131
152
172
150
169
173
(ND)
132
(ND)
(ND)
175
121
163
148
(ND)
63
110
134
1995
# Exceedances
All months
5
8
3
13
7
4
4
5
6
20
2
2
1
0
4
5
5
1
0
1
1
2
1
2
2
5
1
3
1
0
5
11
14
18
9
52
0
0
2
0
2
4
1
0
7
1
5
5
0
5
Summer
4
8
3
7
4
4
5
6
2
2
0
0
2
1
0
1
1
1
2
2
1
0
0
0
9
6
14
3
0
0
2
0
2
4
1
0
1
5
0
5
Absolute Max
All mo. (ppb)
166
171
149
179
137
174
184
156
130
143
148
96
155
134
89
125
125
161
138
131
134
126
130
120
189
187
218
165
116
114
143
116
143
178
126
124
131
150
120
184
Occurred
M7D15H17
M8D18H13
MS D18 H16
M7D15H15
M6D19H17
M7D15H14
M7D15H17
M6 D20 H16
M7D28H11
M6 D27 H13
M7D16H14
M5 D23 H15
M4D12H13
M8D 1 H19
M8 D31 H14
M8 D 1 H21
M8 D10H16
M8D 1 H16
M7D13 H16
M6 D30 H17
M7 D27 H12
M9D6H11
M9D6H11
M9D6H11
M6 D 1 H17
M9 D7H13
M9 D3H13
M6 D27 H14
M6 D23 H15
M7D30H17
M8D12H16
M7D14H13
M7 D31 H15
M7D13H15
M7 D31 H16
M7 D30 H17
M7D14H14
M7 D27 H15
M7D15H13
M7D15H17
92 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT 1995
Table A-12. Operating Surface PAMS Sites - Ozone Summary, 1995 (continued)
Area - Site
Philadelphia - New Brunswick
Philadelphia - Rider College
Philadelphia - Sites reporting both years
Portsmouth - Kittery, ME
Portsmouth - Sites reporting both years
Providence - E. Providence
Providence - Truro
Providence - W. Greenwich
Providence - Sites reporting both years
Sacramento - Del Paso
Sacramento - Elk Grove - Bruceville
Sacramento - Folsom
Sacramento - Sites reporting both years
San Diego - Alpine
San Diego - El Cajon
San Diego - Overland
San Diego - Sites reporting both years
San Joaquin - An/in
San Joaquin - Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin - Golden St. Av.
San Joaquin - Parlier
San Joaquin - Sites reporting both years
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Banning
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Rivera
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
South Coast/SEDAB - Sites reporting both years
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chicopee
Springfield - Ware
Springfield - Sites reporting both years
Ventura Co. - El Rio
Ventura Co. - Simi Valley
Ventura Co. - Sites reporting both years
Washington - Corbin
Washington - Fort Meade
Washington - Lums Pond
Washington - McMillan Reserv.
Washington - Sites reporting both years
Total - Sites reporting both years
Site
Type
4
3
2
2
4
1
2
1
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
4
1
2
3
2
3
1
3
4
2
1994
Total
Exceed.
0
4
6
(ND)
1
0
1
2
1
0
6
7
9
0
0
9
17
9
0
3
29
72
25
21
79
197
1
2
3
6
0
15
15
0
5
2
2
9
345
Absolute
Max. (ppb)
63
144
(ND)
141
111
152
145
110
143
147
110
102
147
144
122
130
251
196
218
253
125
128
132
115
164
101
163
134
135
139.9
1995
# Exceedances
All months
5
4
14
3
2
3
3
8
7
0
7
14
9
1
0
10
19
7
1
9
36
63
14
17
66
160
2
2
2
6
0
22
22
0
4
5
1
10
388
Summer
5
4
3
2
3
3
5
0
6
5
1
0
15
7
1
9
50
12
13
49
2
2
2
0
16
0
4
5
1
Absolute Max
All mo. (ppb)
150
134
127
145
143
157
154
120
156
146
135
120
151
152
126
143
212
176
180
235
136
140
138
124
169
109
174
184
155
149.5
Occurred
M7 D27 H15
M7D25H14
M6 D30 H15
M7D14H19
M6D19H16
M7D14H17
M7D31 H12
M9 D19 H13
M9D19H16
M6D11 H12
M7D11 H14
M7 D27 H15
M7 D27 H14
M8D1 H13
M8D3H11
M9D14H16
M7D29H13
M7D24H17
M9D2H12
M9 D 2 H14
M7D13 H18
M6 D30 H17
M6 D30 H17
M10 D2H13
M7 D29 H14
M8 Di8 H15
M7D15 H14
M7D15H17
M7D15 H12
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 93
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994- 1995
ParimBter-Area-Slte
NITRIC OXIDE (ppb)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Atlanta-South DeKaib
Atlanta-nicker
Atlanta-Conyers
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore- Essex
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltimore- Aldino
Ballimofe-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Bayou Plaquemlne
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Nowbufy
Connect!cut-E. Hartlord
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Ellz., ME
Dallas- Hlnton
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-UTEP
Houston- Aldina
Houston-Clinton Dr.
late Mlchigan-Braldwood
Laka Michigan-Chicago
Lake MIchlgan-Chlcago-Jardlne
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Holland
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Laka Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake MIchigan-Manltowoc
Now \brk-New Brunswick
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
type
All
All
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
1
1
#OBS
All Hrs.
Sites = 31
Sites = 3
Sites = 16
Sites = 10
Sites = 5
2176 1-hr
1973 1-hr
21421-hr
2092 1-hr
2058 1-hr
2143 1-hr
21891-hr
2111 1-hr
2018 1-hr
2057 1-hr
2093 1-hr
21161-hr
2086 1-hr
2104 1-hr
2109 1-hr
2153 1-hr
2143 1-hr
2163 1-hr
21861-hr
2033 1-hr
2040 1-hr
19021-hr
2077 1-hr
1868 1-hr
17171-hr
2043 1-hr
1945 1-hr
17441-hr
2068 1-hr
1966 1-hr
1868 1-hr
1762 1-hr
2134 1-hr
2149 1-hr
1959 1-hr
1305 1-hr
2139 1-hr
2190 1-hr
1419 1-hr
2077 1-hr
1933 1-hr
2015 1-hr
1936 1-hr
2037 1-hr
2181 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
276 1-hr
251 1-hr
273 1-hr
264 1-hr
271 1-hr
260 1-hr
276 1-hr
273 1-hr
259 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
274 1-hr
266 1-hr
266 1-hr
267 1-hr
274 1-hr
253 1-hr
256 1-hr
250 1-hr
274 1-hr
246 1-hr
231 1-hr
270 1-hr
257 1-hr
233 1-hr
275 1-hr
255 1-hr
261 1-hr
248 1-hr
271 1-hr
271 1-hr
250 1-hr
167 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
186 1-hr
276 1-hr
241 1-hr
258 1-hr
243 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
7.1
7.3
5.3
8.0
8.1
8.9
5.7
5.2
6.8
6.7
13.3
6.4
3.5
3.0
10.8
2.5
1.3
7.2
9.4
1.8
0.6
2.8
5.8
6.4
8.6
2.8
2.4
0.4
3.3
12.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
9.0
18.5
18.9
8.7
5.7
6.0
8.9
10.7
11.2
0.8
40.2
5.3
13.6
3.2
4.3
1.2
1.2
1.8
1.2
2.2
5.0
5.2
5-8am
STD
20.2
19.7
14.7
18.0
22.0
21.9
17.9
16.4
18.1
18.2
32.6
11.9
7.1
9.1
22.6
7.0
3.2
17.0
18.9
3.0
1.9
6.7
10.5
17.1
22.7
6.3
5.2
1.4
11.6
21.4
1.9
1.2
1.0
28.1
32.5
37.2
17.2
14.9
20.3
24.6
34.1
29.1
2.0
66.1
12.5
21.5
5.8
8.6
3.3
1.8
3.0
2.1
5.4
5.0
15.2
Daily
flax.
32.1
31.0
24.8
27.8
36.2
35.7
27.0
24.6
28.2
26.7
49.5
16.5
10.3
16.0
52.0
14.2
5.8
28.9
28.2
4.4
3.0
12.2
15.8
31.4
36.1
10.4
9.4
2.9
19.0
31.5
3.9
2.3
2.2
40.3
51.5
57.1
39.7
25.4
33.2
39.5
48.2
43.0
3.4
103.8
26.9
66.0
18.4
23.1
7.5
3.1
7.3
5.2
9.3
5.1
25.0
P-hl
of<
0
6
0
6
6
7
6
7
6
6
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
0
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
5
0
6
6
0
0
6
6
0
6
Absolute Max
Value Occured
295.0 M6D15H7
96.0 M6 D23 H 6
46.0 MS D30 H 7
70.0 M7 D31 H 6
213.0 M8D23H22
63.0 M6 D 1 H 2
32.0 M8 D 8 H 5
111.0 M6D5H5
156.0 M8D9H6
18.0 M6D4H7
16.0 M7D24H11
45.0 M6D14H1
48.0 M6D4H5
144.0 M6 D26 H23
115.0 M8D10HO
56.0 M8 D 8 H 6
64.0 M8D31H11
20.0 M8 D21 H 6
92.0 MS D31 H 6
213.0 M8D11H4
37.0 M8 D31 H 6
8.8 M6 D29 H 8
10.2 M6D11H5
232.0 M6D13H6
210.0 M7D5H21
150.0 M6D26H22
166.0 M7D26H6
163.0 M6D30H6
160.0 M6D15H6
141.0 M6D17H6
227.0 M8 D28 H 6
124.0 M8D19H6
36.0 M7D14H3
262.0 M8D17H7
110.0 M7D21H23
216.0 M7D19H1
173.0 M7D10HO
201.0 M8D6HO
50.0 M7D10H6
40.0 M6 D 1 H 6
57.0 M8 D31 H20
40.0 M8 D23 H 3
61.0 M8D23H6
10.0 M7D19H7
109.0 M6D5H7
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
25.6
6.2
3.4
6.8
22.0
5.4
1.9
11.5
12.0
1.4
1.3
4.1
5.4
12.9
12.4
4.1
3.9
1.4
8.6
29.0
1.9
1.0
0.8
18.1
18.8
17.2
15.9
10.4
14.0
13.8
19.8
14.4
1.6
33.3
10.4
26.5
9.8
12.4
3.1
1.8
3.5
2.9
5.6
0.1
11.8
5-8 am
STD
47.9
14.4
7.9
13.2
27.7
8.7
3.2
21.8
24.9
2.1
2.0
6.7
7.3
18.8
19.9
7.3
5.3
3.0
16.0
33.3
4.6
1.5
1.2
34.5
22.0
23.8
20.4
20.0
24.5
22.2
35.8
24.2
2.2
47.4
16.9
28.9
9.9
13.4
6.7
4.1
4.9
3.7
10.2
0.3
22.3
Daily
Max.
60.3
16.8
10.2
16.7
46.0
11.9
4.9
26.2
31.1
2.6
2.6
9.2
8.8
26.5
25.2
9.6
9.4
4.2
19.0
39.5
6.3
2.1
1.7
44.1
34.9
29.5
32.5
25.6
31.2
28.2
42.2
26.2
3.8
48.6
24.7
55.4
30.4
35.0
10.7
6.2
10.1
6.6
12.6
0.5
28.6
94 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
NITRIC OXIDE (ppbj - (continued) ml
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Philadelphia-Rider University
Philadelphia-New Brunswick
Sacramento-Elk Grove-Bruce
Sacramento-Del Paso
Sacramento-Folsom
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquln-Golden St. Av.
San Joaquin-Parlier
San Joaquin-Arvin
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-Corbin
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (ppb)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Atlanta-South DeKalb
Atlanta-Tucker
Atlanta-Conyers
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Essex
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
iQBS
All Hrs.
2170 1-hr
2111 1-hr
2018 1-hr
21571-hr
1903 1-hr
2175 1-hr
2181 1-hr
2042 1-hr
2072 1-hr
2047 1-hr
2004 1-hr
2057 1-hr
2069 1-hr
2105 1-hr
2169 1-hr
2016 1-hr
21821-hr
2068 1-hr
2001 1-hr
2097 1-hr
2075 1-hr
1973 1-hr
2093 1-hr
2094 1-hr
21121-hr
1971 1-hr
2088 1-hr
21101-hr
21131-hr
21161-hr
2100 1-hr
2095 1-hr
2183 1-hr
2000 1-hr
2170 1-hr
2185 1-hr
18161-hr
1944 1-hr
19131-hr
2084 1-hr
2160 1-hr
21641-hr
2139 1-hr
16181-hr
2092 1-hr
2111 1-hr
2018 1-hr
Sites = 34
Sites = 3
Sites = 18
Sites = 11
Sites = 5
2176 1-hr
1708 1-hr
1974 1-hr
2142 1-hr
1545 1-hr
2092 1-hr
2060 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
276 1-hr
273 1-hr
259 1-hr
276 1-hr
239 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
274 1-hr
262 1-hr
254 1-hr
259 1-hr
270 1-hr
274 1-hr
270 1-hr
265 1-hr
273 1-hr
261 1-hr
264 1-hr
275 1-hr
272 1-hr
258 1-hr
276 1-hr
274 1-hr
276 1-hr
261 1-hr
273 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
271 1-hr
275 1-hr
253 1-hr
273 1-hr
276 1-hr
237 1-hr
255 1-hr
253 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
271 1-hr
204 1-hr
264 1-hr
273 1-hr
259 1-hr
276 1-hr
216 1-hr
251 1-hr
273 1-hr
1971-hr
264 1-hr
271 1-hr
All
Hrs.
11.0
7.2
9.4
4.3
9.0
5.5
5.2
1.6
6.4
2.0
2.6
2.1
5.8
6.3
9.4
9.5
2.6
3.0
2.0
2.8
9.2
11.0
1.8
2.4
1.0
2.5
32.1
29.1
21.8
18.1
18.0
11.9
3.3
2.6
2.4
1.0
4.4
4.0
12.5
9.9
1.5
0.8
7.5
7.8
3.0
7.2
9.4
18.5
17.8
11.2
9.0
19.6
19.2
16.5
16.1
18.6
16.2
10.8
9.5
13.4
4.6
4.6
10.5
20.7
feans. _
5-8am
STD
19.3
17.0
18.9
17.0
23.5
14.3
15.2
6.0
8.3
5.8
9.8
9.7
16.1
15.5
28.5
21.8
6.6
8.2
10.6
12.0
30.5
33.2
8.4
9.8
4.0
9.1
95.0
80.3
69.2
53.8
53.3
47.1
7.3
5.4
2.7
1.1
14.7
13.3
52.7
43.6
2.1
2.1
16.7
16.3
9.1
17.0
18.9
21.5
20.7
13.2
9.9
23.0
22.2
19.4
19.2
20.4
18.4
10.3
8.4
17.6
4.4
4.3
14.2
25.1
Daily
Max.
45.7
28.9
28.2
26.1
34.7
27.6
25.0
8.8
31.4
14.3
16.8
16.1
23.3
22.5
47.5
44.2
12.6
15.4
16.9
18.7
51.9
55.7
12.2
15.5
7.5
14.5
135.8
115.0
88.4
69.8
75.7
65.8
12.6
9.1
3.3
2.3
22.3
19.4
74.0
63.8
2.8
2.9
32.7
36.7
16.0
28.9
28.2
35.3
33.6
23.5
20.1
38.0
35.8
31.2
31.3
33.2
30.8
27.9
23.0
28.3
8.2
11.4
23.9
41.3
P-h
of<
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
7
8
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
0
0
6
6
6
6
0
6
7
7
6
7
6
0
19
21
0
9
0
23
Absolute Max
Value Occured
255.0 M8 D31 H 0
111.0 M6D5H5
156.0 M8D9H6
130.0 M6D1H6
120.0 M8D24H6
163.0 M6D1H5
109.0 M6 D 5 H 7
49.0 M7 D31 H 6
185.0 M9D30H9
104.0 M8 D13 H18
81.0 M9D7H6
68.0 M8 D16 H 6
97.0 M8 D30 H 7
102.0 M9D27H6
332.0 M8 D29 H 6
208.0 M8D15H6
57.0 M8 D21 H 6
56.0 M7D18H7
101.0 M9D21H6
94.0 M9 D16 H 6
169.0 M9 D18 H 6
183.0 M8D30H6
61.0 M9D11H5
50.0 M8 D15 H 6
42.0 M8 D 3 H 6
58.0 M7 D 6 H 5
450.0 M8 D28 H 6
372.0 M9 D28 H 6
233.0 M8 D25 H 6
263.0 M9 D26 H 6
165.0 M9D22H6
152.0 M9D20H6
73.0 M6D15H22
53.0 M6 D 9 H 6
7.0 M6 D30 H 7
68.0 M8 D23 H10
102.0 M8D29H6
97.0 M9 D26 H 7
197.0 M8D25H5
222.0 M9 D26 H 6
10.0 M8D11H5
20.0 M8 D30 H 6
171.0 M7D20H6
174.0 M8D24H7
70.0 M7D31H6
111.0 M6D5H5
156.0 M8D9H6
84.0 M8 D15 H19
47.0 M8 D27 H 9
51.0 M8D18H21
28.0 M6D19H10
31.0 M8D5H21
50.0 M8 D30 H 3
81.0 M6D16HO
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
19.3
11.5
12.0
11.3
14.5
12.5
11.8
4.2
15.9
8.1
7.0
6.5
8.5
9.7
19.7
17.7
3.7
4.5
6.7
7.2
16.5
18.3
4.6
5.2
2.7
4.4
51.9
48.2
30.4
28.9
23.9
22.0
5.1
3.5
0.7
1.5
8.5
7.7
24.6
22.5
1.5
1.6
13.0
17.5
6.8
11.5
12.0
9.9
7.2
9.4
2.5
3.3
8.0
12.3
5-8 am
STD
26.1
' 21.8
24.9
21.7
22.3
22.0
22.3
8.8
16.8
11.8
13.5
13.5
15.4
17.6
45.2
37.8
7.4
8.0
14.7
13.1
28.6
28.0
9.1
8.7
6.3
9.0
93.7
84.6
46.4
52.6
38.6
34.9
8.3
7.0
0.9
0.6
17.7
15.9
44.3
44.2
2.0
3.0
20.0
29.6
13.2
21.8
24.9
7.0
5.8
9.2
2.1
2.7
9.1
11.0
Daily
Max.
42.3
26.2
31.1
24.2
27.3
29.5
28.6
10.3
35.9
20.6
17.4
17.1
18.2
21.7
52.6
44.5
9.8
10.6
18.8
18.2
34.4
32.6
11.5
10.5
8.9
11.2
98.0
92.6
53.0
59.1
39.4
38.2
13.9
9.7
1.1
6.6
19.8
17.6
47.5
52.8
2.4
3.5
31.7
43.5
16.7
26.2
31.1
14.3
9.8
11.4
4.6
6.5
9.6
12.3
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 95
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parimeter-Area-Site
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (ppb) - (contlnu
Baltimore-Morgan Slate
Baltlmore-Aldlno
Ballimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Prlds
Baton Rouga-New Prida
Baton Rouge-Bayou Plaquemlne
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-No wbury
CoiwecHcut-E. Hartford
Conneclicul-StaHord
Connacllcut-Cape Biz., ME
Dallas-Hlnton
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-UTEP
Houston-Aldlne
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Michlgan-Braldwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michlgan-Chlcago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Laka Michigan-Holland
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Laka Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Mtehkjan-Manltowoo
New\t>rk-New Brunswick
New\brk-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycomlng
Philadelphia-Rider University
Philadelphia-New Brunswick
Provldencer-W. Greenwich
Provldence-E. Providence
Sacramentc-EIk Grove-Bruce
Sacramento-Del Paso
'ear
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
1994
1995
1994
995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
199'
1995
1994
ite
type
2
)
3
3
4
4
/3
/3
/3
/3
/3
/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
#OBS
All Hrs.
2143 1-hr
2189 1-hr
21171-hr
1419 1-hr
2060 1-hr
2080 1-hr
2090 1-hr
2065 1-hr
2089 1-hr
2089 1-hr
21071-hr
21431-hr
2163 1-hr
2186 1-hr
2033 1-hr
1999 1-hr
950 1-hr
2077 1-hr
1868 1-hr
14371-hr
2044 1-hr
1945 1-hr
1769 1-hr
2040 1-hr
2065 1-hr
1868 1-hr
17621-hr
2134 1-hr
2149 1-hr
1959 1-hr
1331 1-hr
2139 1-hr
2190 1-hr
1419 1-hr
2077 1-hr
1923 1-hr
2015 1-hr
1936 1-hr
2037 1-hr
2181 1-hr
2170 1-hr
21171-hr
1419 1-hr
2157 1-hr
21241-hr
2175 1-hr
2181 1-hr
2077 1-hr
2097 1-hr
2053 1-hr
2042 1-hr
2072 1-hr
2048 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
260 1-hr
276 1-hr
273 1-hr
226 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
274 1-hr
260 1-hr
266 1-hr
267 1-hr
274 1-hr
253 1-hr
253 1-hr
123 1-hr
274 1-hr
246 1-hr
194 1-hr
270 1-hr
257 1-hr
233 1-hr
269 1-hr
270 1-hr
261 1-hr
248 1-hr
271 1-hr
271 1-hr
250 1-hr
168 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
186 1-hr
276 1-hr
241 1-hr
' 258 1-hr
242 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
273 1-hr
226 1-hr
276 1-hr
269 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
270 1-hr
275 1-hr
245 1-hr
276 1-hr
2751-hr
263 1-hr
M
All
Hrs.
5.7
9.8
3.7
0.8
4.0
3.7
5.5
4.9
6.7
6.7
5.3
6.6
4.4
3.6
5.9
5.9
3.8
1.6
9.7
29.9
28.5
19.7
18.2
14.2
11.1
19.3
19.0
6.2
34.2
19.9
17.3
15.3
15.5
4.7
7.5
12.2
7.5
9.5
2.9
15.0
30.7
13.7
10.8
24.8
24.6
12.3
15.0
4.4
10.6
11.2
6.2
15.9
10.0
ans
5-8am
STD
18.7
11.9
16.4
11.6
4.2
4.0
6.2
5.7
21.0
19.3
17.8
18.5
5.5
16.8
19.4
7.5
4.7
1.9
27.8
34.7
35.7
26.3
26.4
17.1
12.4
24.3
21.4
7.7
37.3
24.3
20.7
17.8
18.5
7.3
8.6
12.9
8.9
11.8
3.2
19.8
30.8
16.4
11.6
29.2
29.2
15.5
19.8
3.6
14.8
14.8
7.4
17.8
11.4
ally
Max.
32.7
19.8
26.3
24.2
8.3
7.0
13.1
11.8
35.6
32.2
30.4
32.7
12.1
27.7
30.0
15.0
8.9
3.8
39.6
52.7
49.7
42.9
39.8
31.2
24.4
36.3
32.4
14.3'
54.4
41.4
37.4
33.4
32.3
12.5
20.2
32.9
17.7
22.9
7.5
31.7
54.5
26.3
24.2
44.6
44.0
25.8
31.7
8.5
23.3
23.0
16.6
32.0
20.5
P-hi
of<
0
20
21
22
20
7
7
19
21
20
21
0
0
0
0
5
0
22
21
20
7
0
7
22
0
0
6
0
8
0
0
0
23
0
3
0
23
23
0
7
0
21
22
0
0
0
7
8
6
7
0
20
19
Absolute Max
Value Occured
90.0 M8 D16 H14
42.0 M6D2H19
53.0 M7 D21 H22
64.0 M6D16H12
22.0 M7D15H18
15.0 M6D25H22
40.0 M8 D30 H 8
43.0 M8 D25 H 9
64.0 M6 D26 H21
67.0 M7 D24 H20
74.0 MS D 9 H22
62.0 M8 D 2 H20
25.0 M7D11H7
59.0 M7 D21 H22
47.0 M8 D16 H20
45.0 M7D30H12
22.2 M8 D21 H17
10.2 M8D7HO
90.0 M8 D27 H21
187.0 M6 D24 H19
119.0 M6D30H8
92.0 M6 D28 H17
105.0 M6D30H8
66.0 M6 D21 H22
51.0 M7D28H22
86.0 M8 D29 H20
75.0 M6 D21 H13
48.0 M6 D 3 H 3
101.0 M6D20H15
83.0 M6 D17 H22
65.0 M7D10H20
77.0 M6D2H19
62.0 M6D11HO
29.0 M7D26H10
78.0 M6 D 1 H21
96.0 M6D10H20
49.0 M7 D22 H 4
65.0 M8D23H10
18.0 M7D22H9
69.0 M8D17H20
101.0 M6D7H23
53.0 M7 D21 H22
64.0 M6D16H12
70.0 M6 D 5 H 8
70.0 M6 D 9 H21
53.0 M8 D20 H20
69.0 M8D17H20
23.0 M6 D16 H20
50.0 M7 D27 H22
49.0 M8 D 1 H 7
46.0 M9D11H18
99.0 M9D19H7
60.0 M9D15H19
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
9.7
5.6
7.0
7.8
2.5
1.8
3.8
3.3
11.2
9.1
8.6
9.1
4.1
9.6
9.6
4.9
2.9
1.3
14.0
15.5
11.9
12.4
11.2
10.5
8.8
11.7
9.8
5.5
15.9
14.7
12.1
10.3
10.7
4.9
7.7
12.3
6.5
8.4
2.3
10.0
14.8
7.0
7.8
11.8
12.4
7.7
10.0
2.7
7.2
7.0
6.6
11.8
7.6
5-8 am
STD
9.2
5.4
6.2
6.7
2.1
1.7
3.4
3.3
10.3
8.0
8.7
8.3
4.2
9.6
9.2
5.6
2.8
1.4
14.7
13.4
11.6
11.9
12.2
9.5
6.7
13.2
7.8
4.9
16.0
16.3
9.1
9.7
10.6
5.8
8.4
11.2
6.8
8.3
2.4
10.1
13.1
6.2
6.7
12.9
12.1
7.1
10.1
2.2
8.6
8.3
5.8
13.1
6.6
Daily
tax.
11.0
7.8
9.1
12.1
3.8
2.8
6.3
5.9
11.9
9.3
11.4
10.2
5.4
11.2
9.2
8.2
4.2
2.0
16.7
22.8
14.2
14.9
13.8
13.9
11.0
15.8
12.8
8.4
16.0
17.3
10.7
14.7
12.5
7.4
12.7
18.7
9.5
12.7
4.2
12.1
16.1
9.1
12.1
12.9
13.3
8.3
12.1
4.4
8.7
9.4
9.5
17.9
11.7
96 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
Sacramento-Folsom
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
San Joaquin-Parlier
San Joaquin-Arvin
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-Corbin
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
OXIDES OF NITROGEN (ppb)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Atlanta-South DeKalb
Atlanta-Tucker
Atlanta-Conyers
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Essex
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltimore-Aldino
Baltimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Bayou Plaquemine
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Year
3d)
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
_ £.Q,BS, __
All Hrs.
2005 1-hr
2056 1-hr
2069 1-hr
2105 1-hr
21671-hr
2020 1-hr
2182 1-hr
2068 1-hr
2001 1-hr
2097 1-hr
2075 1-hr
1973 1-hr
2093 1-hr
2094 1-hr
21121-hr
1970 1-hr
2088 1-hr
21101-hr
21131-hr
21161-hr
2100 1-hr
2095 1-hr
2183 1-hr
2000 1-hr
2170 1-hr
2184 1-hr
18161-hr
19441-hr
19131-hr
2084 1-hr
2160 1-hr
2164 1-hr
2139 1-hr
1597 1-hr
2092 1-hr
21171-hr
1419 1-hr
Sites = 31
Sites = 3
Sites = 16
Sites = 10
Sites = 5
2176 1-hr
1992 1-hr
21421-hr
2092 1-hr
2061 1-hr
2143 1-hr
2189 1-hr
21171-hr
1988 1-hr
2057 1-hr
2093 1-hr
21151-hr
2086 1-hr
2103 1-hr
2108 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
254 1-hr
258 1-hr
270 1-hr
274 1-hr
270 1-hr
265 1-hr
273 1-hr
261 1-hr
264 1-hr
275 1-hr
272 1-hr
258 1-hr
276 1-hr
274 1-hr
276 1-hr
261 1-hr
273 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
271 1-hr
275 1-hr
253 1-hr
273 1-hr
276 1-hr
237 1-hr
255 1-hr
253 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
271 1-hr
201 1-hr
264 1-hr
273 1-hr
226 1-hr
276 1-hr
253 1-hr
273 1-hr
264 1-hr
271 1-hr
260 1-hr
276 1-hr
273 1-hr
257 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
274 1-hr
1
All
Hrs.
13.1
11.0
24.2
22.4
20.2
19.4
15.0
15.1
15.0
17.6
29.6
29.3
15.3
17.9
7.8
10.9
47.4
41.6
57.7
49.7
54.4
48.2
13.6
12.7
6.5
6.3
14.3
13.0
28.7
25.9
2.6
3.1
16.2
22.6
10.5
13.7
10.8
25.6
24.7
15.0
15.2
27.6
27.3
23.0
22.1
24.1
21.1
24.1
15.5
5.3
13.5
30.9
17.8
11.0
17.5
15.9
5.2
3.5
7.4
10.3
25.0
26.2
eans
5-8am
STD
16.1
16.2
22.9
21.8
23.3
20.9
14.7
15.8
22.8
26.2
39.4
38.2
19.3
20.5
15.1
18.6
45.0
39.9
56.3
47.2
55.6
54.9
15.8
14.4
7.2
6.7
18.7
16.9
39.4
36.8
4.4
5.0
21.1
24.5
14.2
16.4
11.6
41.7
40.0
26.6
26.8
44.7
42.8
38.4
36.9
37.2
35.6
49.8
27.4
9.9
23.6
47.4
25.4
15.0
30.0
28.1
6.7
5.1
12.2
15.9
40.2
43.2
Daily
Max.
27.9
25.0
38.8
36.1
35.3
32.9
32.6
30.8
34.0
36.5
60.2
55.8
29.0
33.1
20.4
23.8
78.2
69.4
85.2
76.5
86.5
79.0
28.3
25.4
12.0
11.4
26.2
24.2
52.3
48.4
7.7
8.2
39.2
44.7
23.9
26.3
24.2
61.3
58.4
41.5
40.9
67.4
63.7
54.9
52.8
52.7
49.9
76.9
40.0
14.8
37.4
86.9
43.0
23.3
46.9
43.6
10.3
8.3
21.0
23.7
64.4
64.9
P-h
of<
5
5
10
9
9
9
20
19
19
19
21
20
21
20
6
6
9
9
9
8
9
9
22
0
0
0
8
8
7
7
7
7
0
22
0
21
22
7
6
6
6
6
22
5
6
6
6
5
6
5
6
6
C""~— — — —
Absolute Max
Value Occured
117.0 M9D19H12
65.0 M8 D 5 H21
79.0 M9D13H9
72.0 M9 D28 H 7
83.0 M9D30H19
71.0 M9D26H15
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
10.5
9.3
10.2
9.8
9.6
9.4
73.0 M8 D10 H18 I 8.8
57.0 M8D5H19
85.0 M9D7H19
101.0 M9D16H19
90.0 M9 D 7 H 8
77.0 M9D16H20
57.0 M9D21H19
55.0 M8D17H19
50.0 MB D30 H 6
52.0 M9 D20 H 6
202.0 M8 D31 H10
172.0 M9D28H12
155.0 M9D15H10
178.0 M9D26H11
143.0 M8D8H8
139.0 M8D25H9
56.0 M7 D21 H 6
56.0 M8D31H16
26.0 M8D10H5
34.0 M8 D 3 H14
127.0 M8D28H6
89.0 M9D16HO
97.0 M9D15H7
85.0 M9D15H20
32.0 M6 D12 H15
22.0 M6 D 8 H 7
73.0 M7 D30 H22
93.0 M8 D 1 H 9
50.0 M8 D30 H 3
53.0 M7 D21 H22
64.0 M6D16H12
314.0 M6 D15 H 7
121.0 M6D23H6
52.0 M6D19H9
108.0 M7D31H6
249.0 MS 023 H22
101.0 M6D1H2
62.0 MS D 1 H 8
126.0 M6 D 5 H 5
166.0 M8D9H6
32.0 M6 D 4 H 7
24.0 M7D24H11
75.0 M8 D30 H 8
55.0 M8 D25 H 8
202.0 M6 D26 H23
165.0 M8D10HO
8.1
11.1
11.4
17.2
15.6
7.8
8.2
5.4
5.5
19.0
17.9
18.5
19.2
18.9
18.8
8.6
7.6
4.0
3.8
7.2
7.0
14.2
13.3
3.1
3.4
12.3
12.9
8.0
7.0
7.8
33.3
13.6
4.8
12.3
29.9
12.8
6.6
15.3
16.6
2.9
2.5
6.3
6.6
21.3
19.0
5-8 am
STD
9.0
10.0
9.7
9.7
9.9
9.8
7.8
7.7
11.5
9.7
14.6
11.1
6.3
5.2
9.1
7.9
16.0
14.7
16.5
18.3
16.0
16.8
9.4
7.6
5.2
3.8
10.3
8.0
13.4
12.5
3.6
3.9
11.8
11.5
9.1
6.2
6.7
52.9
21.4
8.8
19.8
35.0
15.5
7.6
24.1
28.7
3.4
3.0
7.7
7.8
25.7
25.0
Daily
Max.
16.8
14.7
12.4
12.8
12.4
10.7
10.8
8.8
16.3
17.0
14.4
10.2
7.7
7.7
10.4
8.2
32.4
29.4
21.8
27.4
21.1
22.9
11.1
8.3
5.5
5.0
13.3
11.4
13.1
12.6
5.0
4.5
14.0
14.4
9.6
9.1
12.1
65.1
21.9
11.2
21.4
50.1
18.2
9.8
26.6
32.7
4.5
4.1
11.2
9.1
32.4
28.7
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 97
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
P«r»met8f-Area-Site
OXibSS 6F NITROGEN (ppb) - (conti
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connacttcut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Biz., ME
Daltas-Hinlon
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-UTEP
Houston-Aldino
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Laka Michigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Laka Mlchkjan-Chlcago-Jardlne
Laka Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Holland
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michlgan-Manltowoc
New%rk-New Brunswick
Naw'rbrk-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelprtla-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-Rider University
Philadelphia-New Brunswick
Provldence-W. Greenwich
PfOvldenca-E. Providence
Sacramento-Elk Grove-Bruce
Sacramento-Del Paso
Sacramonlo-Folsom
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego- Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquln-Golden St. Av.
San Joaquin-Parlier
San Joaquln-Arvln
Year
ued)
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
rype
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
#08
All Hrs.
2153 1-hr
2143 1-hr
2163 1-hr
2186 1-hr
2033 1-hr
1999 1-hr
949 1-hr
2077 1-hr
1868 1-hr
1705 1-hr
2043 1-hr
1945 1-hr
1744 1-hr
2056 1-hr
2065 1-hr
1863 1-hr
1762 1-hr
2134 1-hr
2149 1-hr
19591-hr
1305 1-hr
2139 1-hr
2190 1-hr
1419 1-hr
2077 1-hr
1920 1-hr
2015 1-hr
19361-hr
2037 1-hr
2181 1-hr
2088 1-hr
21171-hr
1988 1-hr
2175 1-hr
2181 1-hr
2077 1-hr
2097 1-hr
2064 1-hr
2042 1-hr
2072 1-hr
2047 1-hr
2004 1-hr
2056 1-hr
2069 1-hr
2105 1-hr
2168 1-hr
2020 1-hr
2182 1-hr
2068 1-hr
2001 1-hr
2097 1-hr
2075 1-hr
1973 1-hr
2093 1-hr
2094 1-hr
21121-hr
1970 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
266 1-hr
266 1-hr
267 1-hr
274 1-hr
253 1-hr
253 1-hr
123 1-hr
274 1-hr
246 1-hr
232 1-hr
270 1-hr
257 1-hr
233 1-hr
272 1-hr
270 1-hr
258 1-hr
248 1-hr
271 1-hr
271 1-hr
250 1-hr
167 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
186 1-hr
276 1-hr
241 1-hr
258 1-hr
243 1-hr
270 1-hr
276 1-hr
264 1-hr
273 1-hr
257 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
270 1-hr
275 1-hr
245 1-hr
276 1-hr
275 1-hr
262 1-hr
254 1-hr
258 1-hr
270 1-hr
274 1-hr
270 1-hr
265 1-hr
273 1-hr
261 1-hr
264 1-hr
275 1-hr
272 1-hr
258 1-hr
276 1-hr
274 1-hr
276 1-hr
261 1-hr
W
All
Hrs.
17.7
18.4
5.6
16.9
28.1
6.3
4.3
2.0
29.0
48.6
47.1
29.3
23.4
20.2
19.3
30.1
29.9
7.0
74.1
25.1
30.9
18.0
19.0
5.5
5.4
12.5
8.7
11.8
5.4
19.5
39.0
17.5
15.9
17.5
19.5
4.5
13.0
12.7
7.4
21.7
10.5
14.9
12.8
29.8
27.3
28.7
27.8
17.8
17.8
17.1
20.4
38.7
40.2
17.1
20.2
8.9
13.3
sana ,
5-8am
STD
23.6
23.1
8.1
28.4
40.7
9.5
6.1
2.9
56.3
68.0
72.8
44.3
41.1
37.6
36.4
58.6
50.2
9.7
102.9
36.8
43.1
23.6
26.8
10.2
7.3
15.0
11.1
17.0
5.7
34.9
46.5
30.0
28.1
29.7
34.9
4.0
22.2
20.0
13.4
25.5
17.6
25.8
26.8
39.0
35.9
50.9
41.6
21.6
23.6
33.7
38.3
70.0
71.3
27.0
29.9
19.1
27.6
Daily
Max.
37.6
38.8
14.7
42.1
57.1
17.8
10.5
5.4
74.3
01.3
03.0
80.8
61.5
56.4
55.4
76.6
69.5
16.6
50.3
64.9
99.8
49.4
51.6
18.6
19.6
37.3
20.9
30.5
8.5
52.7
87.1
46.9
43.6
49.2
52.7
10.3
32.8
31.3
21.9
57.5
31.8
40.4
38.6
55.7
52.1
76.8
72.0
41.3
43.0
47.4
51.0
103.9
104.8
35.6
41.6
27.3
37.1
P-hl
of<
6
6
0
6
6
5
7
7
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
5
7
7
5
7
6
6
0
0
23
22
0
7
0
6
6
6
7
8
6
7
6
6
6
5
6
7
7
9
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
Absolute Max
Value Occured
87.0 M8 D 8 H 6
121.0 M8D31H11
39.0 M8 D 9 H 7
116.0 M8D31H6
227.0 M8D11H4
60.0 M8 D31 H 6
22.8 M8D21H17
17.3 M6D11H5
278.0 M6D13H6
304.0 M7 D 5 H21
241.0 M6D25H21
223.0 M7 D26 H 6
235.0 M6 D30 H 7
207.0 M6D15H6
149.0 M8D26H7
268.0 M8 D28 H 6
157.0 M6D22H6
56.0 M6 D 3 H 3
340.0 M8D17H7
174.0 M6D14H6
261.0 M7D19HO
220.0 M7D10HO
225.0 M8D6HO '
65.0 M7D10H6
105.0 M6D1H6
111.0 M6D10H20
81.0 M8D23H3
100.0 M6D18H2
26.0 M7D19H7
153.0 M6D24H3
312.0 M8D31HO
126.0 M6D5H5
166.0 M8D9H6
191.0 M6D1H5
153.0 M6 D24 H 3
30.0 M6 D16 H20
104.0 M7D20H6
99.0 M8 D28 H 1
66.0 M7 D31 H 6
214.0 M9D30H9
138.0 M9 D15 H20
118.0 M9D7H6
110.0 M8D16H6
169.0 M8D30H7
165.0 M9D28H7
384.0 M8 D29 H 6
245.0 M8 D15 H 6
94.0 M8 D21 H 6
82.0 M7D18H7
149.0 M9D21H5
149.0 M9 D27 H20
228.0 M9 D 8 H 7
233.0 MS D30 H 6
82.0 M9 D15 H 6
80.0 M9D24H19
86.0 M8 D 3 H 6
103.0 M9D20H6
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
10.8
11.1
4.9
14.8
32.1
5.9
3.5
1.9
27.8
33.1
27.1
26.7
19.9
19.5
18.6
25.7
19.3
6.3
43.0
22.5
35.5
17.4
19.7
6.8
8.8
14.3
8.2
12.4
1.9
18.8
27.0
15.3
16.6
17.3
18.8
3.6
10.9
10.3
8.9
24.2
14.1
14.4
13.6
15.7
16.9
25.7
23.9
10.8
11.0
15.5
16.3
29.7
30.4
10.0
10.8
7.4
8.9
5-8 am
STD
14.0
12.1
6.5
21.4
35.8
8.9
4.0
2.4
45.1
34.2
33.9
30.5
30.5
28.7
25.6
41.0
26.8
6.6
58.2
30.4
35.0
17.7
22.1
10.7
12.5
15.0
9.5
16.8
2.7
28.8
30.1
24.1
28.7
25.8
28.8
2.8
17.5
14.7
12.9
23.9
17.2
20.9
21.3
23.9
25.8
52.7
44.7
13.7
14.6
24.0
20.4
39.5
35.7.
13.4
11.7
14.4
15.1
Daily
Max.
16.4
15.6
7.5
22.3
40.3
11.4
5.1
3.1
53.3
53.9
40.3
44.6
34.2
34.4
30.8
46.2
28.1
9.8
58.9
37.1
59.5
38.6
39.0
15.4
16.4
23.4
13.2
21.9
5.1
33.4
46.9
26.6
32.7
30.9
33.4
6.6
19.5
19.0
14.9
46.4
27.0
25.9
25.2
25.6
30.3
57.4
49.8
14.8
14.8
29.2
28.5
42.3
37.3
14.0
12.2
17.8
17.1
98 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
OXIDES OF NITROGEN (ppb) - (cont
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Slmi Valley
Washington-Corbin
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-turns Pond
TOTAL NMOC (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltimore-Aldino
Baltimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
Lake Mlchigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Year
nued)
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
...„.„.. „,.. ,lflBS_
All Hrs.
2088 1-hr
21101-hr
21131-hr
21161-hr
21001-hr
2095 1-hr
2183 1-hr
2000 1-hr
2170 1-hr
2185 1-hr
1816 1-hr
19441-hr
1913 1-hr
2082 1-hr
2160 1-hr
2139 1-hr
704 1-hr
2092 1-hr
21171-hr
1988 1-hr
Sites = 19
Sites = 13
Sites = 3
Sites = 4
97 3-hr
15491-hr
240 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
2108 1-hr
1801 1-hr
914 1-hr
785 1-hr
1743 1-hr
726 1-hr
1945 1-hr
1693 1-hr
1073-hr
1393-hr
11901-hr
128 3-hr
1343-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
107 3-hr
80 3-hr
18681-hr
5-8 am
STD
273 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
271 1-hr
275 1-hr
253 1-hr
273 1-hr
276 1-hr
237 1-hr
255 1-hr
253 1-hr
276 1-hr
276 1-hr
271 1-hr
90 1-hr
264 1-hr
273 1-hr
257 1-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
79.5
70.7
79.5
67.8
72.4
60.1
15.8
14.5
8.1
7.1
18.8
17.0
41.2
35.8
5.1
22.8
26.6
13.5
17.5
15.9
101.3
91.0
>30.1
218.0
|20.7
307.7
130.3
130.7
123-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
253-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
264 1-hr
240 1-hr
111 1-hr
87 1-hr
213 1-hr
86 1-hr
257 1-hr
197 1-hr
36 3-hr
36 3-hr
153 1-hr
353-hr
34 3-hr
33 3-hr
333-hr
36 3-hr
29 3-hr
243 1-hr
40.2
24.5
30.6
49.2
51.2
45.9
97.0
H3.0
!33.4
84.7
99.4
85.2
57.3
47.3
25.6
32.5
42.2
97.6
!53.7
07.1
73.9
33.9
22.9
51.6
93.4
26.9
45.8
5-8am
STD
140.0
120.2
125.5
100.9
108.9
102.0
21.9
19.0
9.2
7.8
33.4
30.1
92.1
80.4
7.7
37.0
33.7
23.6
30.0
28.1
254.0
247.1
282.6
273.4
175.3
165.2
174.3
177.9
152.2
159.3
140.1
71.0
65.2
143.8
199.0
486.7
303.3
95.3
108.9
86.5
193.7
50.5
114.9
48.6
51.6
113.7
259.4
141.4
90.5
181.6
34.2
65.9
115.3
27.9
132.1
Daily
Max.
185.0
160.4
151.5
127.9
138.3
126.3
36.7
31.7
13.8
13.1
44.6
39.6
117.6
104.4
11.2
66.8
59.9
37.4
46.9
43.6
388.4
369.0
443.6
421.3
237.6
243.8
270.3
230.5
238.8
256.7
207.4
180.7
118.3
264.5
298.9
769.8
466.2
172.9
224.5
241.3
404.9
75.7
244.9
88.0
84.0
119.8
330.2
310.6
99.8
193.8
37.4
74.4
133.2
38.3
367.3
P-|J
of<
5
6
7
7
6
6
7
0
0
0
6
6
6
6
7
6
23
6
6
6
6
7
3
6
21
0
0
3
6
6
23
13
0
20
19
6
7
6
6
23
23
23
5
5
6
5
23
Absolute Max
Value Occured
522.0 M8 D28 H 6
425.0 M9 D28 H 7
328.0 M9D13H7
344.0 M9 D26 H 7
242.0 M9D14H7
237.0 M8 D 2 H 7
108.0 M6D15H22
79.0 M6 D 9 H 6
31.0 M8D10H6
83.0 M8D23H10
197.0 MS D28 H 6
128.0 M9D15H5
249.0 M9D15H6
275.0 M9 D15 H 6
33.0 M6D12H15
227.0 M7 D20 H 6
206.0 M7 D12 H10
108.0 M7D31H6
126.0 M6 D 5 H 5
166.0 MB D 9 H 6
606.3 MS D10 H12
593.0 M7 D30 H22
558.7 M8D13HO
1073.0 M6 D22 H 2
406.0 M7 D 8 H 1
726.0 M6 D28 H 0
1239.0 M6 D 5 H 9
1876.0 M6D27H3
5330.0 M6 D20 H15
389.0 M6D2H13
729.0 MS D20 H 6
1870.0 M8 D10 H15
3020.0 M7D8H13
164.7 M7D21H20
1180.0 M8D4H11
320.0 MS D25 H 6
238.6 M7D15H2
467.0 M6 D 2 H 6
619.0 M7D29HO
924.0 M8D24H13
600.0 M6D13H23
1200.0 M8D5H23
83.0 M6 D 2 H 5
150.0 M8D3H10
661.0 M6D16H6
230.0 M7 D29 H14
5892.0 M7D31H13
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
59.4
55.7
40.3
40.0
35.1
34.3
11.5
9.5
4.2
4.2
13.7
12.5
34.1
31.6
3.8
21.9
20.5
12.3
15.3
16.6
79.0
68.8
75.3
77.8
39.0
79.8
91.6
275.3
283.4
48.9
63.1
104.8
185.5
24.9
211.8
26.5
21.8
76.6
125.1
104.0
72.7
151.6
21.0
34.1
76.5
36.1
209.0
5-8 am
STD
103.8
92.8
58.8
66.4
46.3
44.3
15.9
12.8
5.7
4.2
25.3
21.4
52.6
52.4
4.7
28.7
26.8
19.8
24.1
28.7
81.2
85.1
75.1
73.8
50.9
53.3
52.4
310.8
167.4
54.3
75.0
67.9
107.9
25.6
185.4
40.8
25.7
93.6
121.6
110.1
72.7
145.9
20.1
30.6
110.9
16.8
139.9
Daily
Max.
104.4
95.0
61.6
68.1
43.3
46.9
20.4
14.5
5.9
8.6
27.8
22.8
52.4
58.9
5.9
38.6
34.6
21.4
26.6
32.7
115.9
104.8
113.4
206.1
88.7
125.4
200.9
382.3
552.8
81.4
106.3
218.6
525.8
26.8
334.1
60.3
43.2
92.2
136.7
216.3
82.1
170.8
19.7
34.5
112.8
41.5
685.2
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 99
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Stta
TOTAL NMOC (ppbC) - (continued)
Philadelphia-turns Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycomlng
Philadelphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquln-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Qolden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-PIco Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Spcingfield-Agawam
Sprlngliold-Chlcopee
Springlleld-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Slml Valley
Wastilngton-Corbln
Washington-McMillan Rosarv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
ETHYLENE (ppbC) - (continued)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Ballimore-Aldino
Baltimore-turns Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
#OBS__ .
All Mrs.
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2095 1-hr
667 3-hr
313 3-hr
2047 1-hr
1398 1-hr 51 3-hr
2107 1-hr 109 3-hr
2100 1-hr 120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
13191-hr
2055 1-hr
18761-hr1043-hi
438 3-hr
861 3-hr
171 3-hr
181 3-hr
2223-hr
1163-hr
1467 1-hr
1570 1-hr
1549 1-hr
1481 1-hr 108 3-hr
2081 1-hr
1 072 1-hr 104 3-hr
1746 1-hr
237 3-hr
229 3-hr
707 1-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
96 3-hr
1545 1-hr
240 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1384 1-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
6883-hr
2106 1-hr
18021-hr
795 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
923-hr
28 3-hr
268 1-hr
1771-hr 143-hr
275 1-hr 27 3-hr
2751-hr 293-hr
28 3-hr
113-hr
29 3-hr
171 1-hr
269 1-hr
243 1-hr 273 3-hr
61 3-hr
101 3-hr
22 3-hr
24 3-hr
28 3-hr
153-hr
193 1-hr
194 1-hr
195 1-hr
1951-hr 273-hr
273 1-hr
142 1-hr 25 3-hr
231 1-hr
31 3-hr
29 3-hr
90 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
12 3-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
28 3-hr
25 3-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
264 1-hr
242 1-hr
107 1-hr
N
All
Hrs.
49.2
51.2
120.9
191.5
71.8
117.9
136.8
323.8
364.1
137.5
196.5
132.2
179.4
97.2
182.5
271.5
345.0
859.5
582.6
576.4
390.3
378.3
90.9
75.0
108.9
39.1
264.5
120.4
292.1
145.7
49.9
31.8
116.6
142.5
140.2
49.2
51.2
4.1
4.5
5.2
5.8
1.1
1.6
2.2
2.2
2.5
4.0
1.7
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.9
8.5
6.1
2.2
2.7
1.3
Leans—
5-8am
STD
71.0
65.2
160.9
243.4
100.9
172.9
189.4
354.1
362.0
206.6
271.6
183.5
225.3
98.2
289.5
490.3
555.3
808.7
575.4
503.8
506.6
529.5
98.0
87.7
128.8
32.9
402.1
213.6
441.3
314.7
42.9
34.2
134.4
195.3
152.2
71.0
65.2
5.7
6.2
7.3
8.0
1.4
2.0
3.1
3.0
3.4
6.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.8
2.8
12.2
9.7
3.1
3.3
1.4
Daily
Max.
180.7
118.3
221.6
374.2
149.3
224.4
218.8
606.3
628.1
315.2
365.3
194.6
245.5
131.8
457.7
824.5
940.3
320.7
907.3
977.0
631.8
601.3
152.4
157.2
320.9
100.3
616.8
274.2
599.8
412.2
78.4
64.2
243.1
317.1
238.8
180.7
118.3
8.4
9.3
10.7
11.8
2.1
3.3
4.9
4.9
5.9
9.7
2.7
3.7
3.4
3.9
4.2
22.3
18.2
6.0
7.0
' 2.9
P-ht
of<
6
21
5
5
6
5
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
12
0
6
5
12
12
6
6
21
23
7
0
14
6
6
6
6
17
17
20
22
6
6
21
6
22
6
6
6
0
0
6
6
7
22
5
Absolute Max
Value Occured
1073.0 M6 D22 H 2
406.0 M7 D 8 H 1
551.6 M8D14H5
1274.0 M8D25H2
550.5 M6 D 1 H 7
788.2 M7 D20 H 5
878.4 M8 D31 H 6
2000.0 M9 D 5 H22
1700.0 M9D5H22
1600.0 M9D26H8
1130.0 M9D26H16
437.0 M9 D12 H 5
521.0 M9D29H5
257.0 M7D17H12
1500.0 M9D20 H 6
3100.0 M8D27HO
1900.0 M8D2H7
6563.0 MS D 4 H 9
3592.0 M8 D15 H 0
7878.0 M8 D31 H 3
919.6 M8D7H3
1066.0 M7D22H3
789.9 M7D2H11
384.0 M8D31H11
2010.0 MS D26 H 3
1870.0 M8D1H8
2200.0 M9 D 6 H23
670.0 M9D15H5
1390.0 M7D27H6
1270.0 M9 D25 H21
173.0 M8 D 1 H20
167.0 M8D27H11
535.6 MS D27 H23
853.0 M8D7HO
606.3 M8D10H12
1073.0 M6D22H2
406.0 M7 D 8 H 1
15.8 M7D14H21
30.7 M6D17H5
5.5 M6D23H18
8.5 M7D21H11
9.8 M7 D29 H 8
15.6 M8D21HO
13.3 M8D13H6
60.9 MS D 8 H 6
62.2 M7 D29 H 0
39.0 MS D31 H 5
34.5 M7 D 2 H 4
6.7 M8D17H22
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
77.8
39.0
76.9
167.2
47.7
87.2
90.3
306.2
257.4
108.3
143.1
72.6
91.5
41.2
203.9
292.4
305.7
528.6
289.3
864.5
182.0
182.6
74.8
50.2
115.9
59.0
200.0
90.2
212.1
150.0
26.1
22.2
54.8
104.2
79.0
77.8
39.0
2.1
2.9
0.9
1.2
1.2
2.4
1.9
9.6
7.8
2.0
2.2
0.9
5-8 am
STD
73.8
50.9
111.0
184.3
72.0
133.7
169.6
299.3
209.5
145.2
200.8
95.6
124.2
31.9
304.9
313.6
281.2
348.7
379.2
248.3
178.6
193.5
43.2
59.1
76.1
23.5
286.2
123.6
303.3
201.4
20.0
22.7
54.0
154.0
81.2
73.8
50.9
2.0
3.7
0.9
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.6
10.9
9.6
3.3
2.0
0.9
Daily
Max.
206.1
88.7
102.6
253.8
75.7
123.9
146.5
482.7
397.9
213.6
229.8
90.0
116.3
37.7
371.1
486.3
404.6
882.9
362.6
541.5
165.1
190.6
154.1
72.5
424.6
220.6
387.0
136.6
281.8
219.7
29.2
30.3
106.4
196.6
115.9
206.1
88.7
3.6
4.9
1.0
1.9
1.9
4.2
3.2
13.9
11.7
4.5
4.3
1.1
100 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
ETHYLENE (ppbC) - (continued)
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Philadelphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Goiden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfieid-Agawam
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
Z
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
#OBS
All Hrs.
564 1-hr
1542 1-hr
1063 1-hr
1943 1-hr
1751 1-hr
47 3-hr
1062 1-hr
1730 1-hr
107 3-hr
1323-hr
139 3-hr
11671-hr
1283-hr
1343-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
1073-hr
141 3-hr
80 3-hr
2031 1-hr
131 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1384 1-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2096 1-hr
684 3-hr
320 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
1113-hr
5-8 am
STD
59 1-hr
205 1-hr
130 1-hr
255 1-hr
204 1-hr
473-hr
143 1-hr
235 1-hr
363-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
153 1-hr
35 3-hr
34 3-hr
33 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
353-hr
293-hr
267 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
95 3-hr
30 3-hr
233-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
283-hr
113-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
1053-hr 273-hr
438 3-hr
868 3-hr
171 3-hr
179 3-hr
2213-hr
1163-hr
1079 1-hr
15471-hr
467 1-hr
943-hr
103 3-hr
1372 1-hr
734 1-hr
96 3-hr
1895 1-hr
13841-hr
61 3-hr
1033-hr
22 3-hr
24 3-hr
28 3-hr
153-hr
164 1-hr
192 1-hr
741-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
174 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
2.0
1.0
1.3
0.8
1.1
16.0
9.5
8.6
1.7
13.4
5.6
4.8
3.3
5.0
1.1
1.8
1.8
3.0
1.1
8.4
12.4
1.1
1.2
4.9
6.4
2.2
2.8
3.2
3.2
6.6
6.9
4.7
5.1
3.4
3.8
6.1
9.6
9.4
8.2
6.1
4.7
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.1
4.6
9.4
4.1
4.8
2.5
1.1
1.2
5-8am
STD
2.9
1.4
1.8
1.2
1.4
16.0
13.2
13.4
2.7
16.0
7.1
7.3
4.3
6.5
1.5
2.1
2.4
3.9
1.3
9.3
14.1
2.0
2.0
6.9
9.0
3.4
4.7
5,1
3.8
9.9
10.4
8.0
7.1
4.3
7.8
11.4
13.7
13.2
11.4
7.8
5.6
2.8
2.6
2.8
1.4
8.0
20.4
5.4
7.3
3.4
2.0
2.0
Daily
Max.
5.3
2.5
4.1
2.1
2.4
16.2
30.4
29.4
3.2
20.2
8.8
18.8
4.4
6.9
1.6
2.5
2.7
6.3
1.4
19,8
21.4
3.7
3.4
8.8
11.6
5.4
5.9
6.1
4.5
10.0
11.1
8.1
7.4
5.1
7.0
10.9
15.7
18.0
15.2
12.5
8.9
3.7
4.6
9.8
2.6
7.7
19.5
11.8
12.9
5.9
3.7
3.4
P-h
of<
1
6
0
6
23
5
21
6
6
6
6
23
23
23
5
5
6
6
5
23
6
6
6
5
5
6
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
23
5
6
21
6
21
6
23
7
0
23
6
6
6
22
6
6
6
Absolute Max
Value Occured
18.7 M7D8H12
6.0 M8 D31 H 7
21.4 M8D4H11
9.4 M7 D27 H 2
6.0 M6 D19 H 8
31.0 M7D25H5
148.4 M7 D26 H21
176.3 M6D16H19
27.4 M8 D22 H 6
44.0 M6D13H15
21.2 M6D14H6
88.6 M7 D29 H 6
23.0 M6D13H23
54.0 MS D 5 H23
4.8 M6D16H11
7.6 M7D1H15
7.9 M8D4H15
29.0 M7 D10 H 0
3.4 M7D29H14
80.5 M8 D31 H 1
57.5 M8 D 3 H21
8.5 M7D21H11
9.8 M7 D29 H 8
19.3 M6D5H5
31 .5 M8 D28 H 2
19.5 M6 D24 H 6
22.0 M6 D 8 H 5
17.8 M8 D28 H 0
16.0 M9D26H5
21.3 M9D12H5
37.5 M9D26H16
22.7 M8 D28 H 5
17.6 M9D29H5
11.3 M8D28H2
16.0 M9D20H5
27.0 M9D16H23
31.4 M8D28H6
47.9 M9 D27 H 6
51.3 M9D9H3
30.7 M8 D10 H21
30.3 M8 D24 H21
8.2 M7 D 2 H14
12.7 M6 D15 H22
198.0 M8D27H18
20.7 M8 D 1 H 8
17.0 M9 D26 H 6
34.0 M9 D14 H 6
42.0 M6 D 4 H23
39.2 MS D 7 H 0
15.8 M7D14H21
8.5 M7D21H11
9.8 M7 D29 H 8
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
1.7
0.8
1.4
0.7
0.7
6.9
12.8
11.4
3.0
7.5
4.3
7.4
2.9
5.7
0.7
1.2
1.5
3.8
0.6
6.2
9.4
1.2
1.2
2.8
4.1
1.9
2.2
2.5
2.7
3.6
5.2
3.5
3.1
1.9
4.0
5.9
5.3
6.9
8.0
5.6
4.8
1.3
1.6
5.8
1.3
2.9
8.0
3.9
4.6
2.1
1.2
1.2
5-8 am
STD
2.1
1.0
1.4
0.8
0.8
6.9
11.6
13.2
4.7
9.1
4.9
12.1
3.2
4.5
0.7
1.0
1.5
2.7
0.5
7.4
8.4
1.6
1.7
3.8
5.1
2.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
4.5
6.3
5.5
4.6
1.8
4.2
6.7
6.8
10.6
9.2
6.5
5.1
1.6
1.9
2.2
0.7
3.3
8.3
3.3
6.2
2.0
1.6
1.7
Daily
Max.
3.2
1.1
3.9
1.3
1.2
6.8
23.9
28.0
4.8
9.4
5.0
19.1
3.2
6.1
0.8
1.4
1.8
5.7
0.6
11.5
13.2
1.9
1.9
3.5
5.8
2.7
3.5
3.9
3.4
4.3
7.4
5.3
4.2
2.0
4.6
6.5
6.7
9.0
12.1
8.0
7.7
1.7
2.3
25.1
3.8
2.9
8.5
8.1
9.4
3.6
1.9
1.9
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 101
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994 - 1995 (continued)
Panmeter-Area-Sits
PROPYLENE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Ballimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltlmore-Aldino
Baltlmofo-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connactlcut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
B Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamlzal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Michlgan-Braldwood
Laka Michigan-Chicago
Lake Mlchfgan-Chlcago-Jardine
Laka Michigan-Gary
Laka Mlchlgan-Milwaukeo
Laka Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Laka Mlchlgan-Manltowoc
New Vbrk-Bronx Bot. Garden
Phlladelphla-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycomlng
Philadelphia-Rider University
ProvWenca-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Dtegc-Overiand
San Diego-Alpine
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
ype
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
SOBS
All Hrs.
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
973-hr
1550 1-hr
240 3-hr
1895 1-hr
13841-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
2098 1-hr
1791 1-hr
904 1-hr
550 1-hr
1424 1-hr
830 1-hr
1938 1-hr
1751 1-hr
47 3-hr
1062 1-hr
15821-hr
107 3-hr
132 3-hr
139 3-hr
11901-hr
1283-hr
133 3-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
107 3-hr
141 3-hr
80 3-hr
2031 1-hr
131 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1384 1-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2096 1-hr
683 3-hr
358 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
5-8 am
STD
123-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
28 3-hr
253-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
264 1-hr
241 1-hr
1101-hr
59 1-hr
199 1-hr
120 1-hr
252 1-hr
204 1-hr
47 3-hr
143 1-hr
215 1-hr
36 3-hr
333-hr
36 3-hr
153 1-hr
35 3-hr
343-hr
33 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
35 3-hr
29 3-hr
267 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
943-hr
343-hr
23 3-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
113-hr
293-hr
Means
All
rirs.
2.2
2.4
2.7
3.0
0.5
0.8
1.8
1.2
1.1
2.6
0.9
2.0
0.5
0.4
1.3
5.4
5.0
1.0
1.1
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
6.8
4.6
7.8
0.6
5.1
2.5
2.2
1.4
2.4
0.4
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.4
3.6
3.8
2.0
0.5
3.6
4.3
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.6
2.8
3.6
2.2
2.9
1.4
5-8am
STD
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.3
0.7
0.9
2.9
2.0
1.4
3.4
1.1
3.3
1.1
0.7
1.6
6.8
7.9
1.4
1.3
0.9
1.3
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.7
6.8
6.1
10.4
1.1
5.7
3.3
2.7
1.6
3.2
0.5
1.2
0.9
1.3
0.6
4.5
5.1
3.3
1.1
5.3
6.3
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.2
4.3
5.8
3.5
4.3
1.9
Daily
tax.
5.2
5.3
5.9
6.8
1.0
1.5
6.8
3.1
2.4
5.1
1.5
11.9
3.1
1.1
2.0
14.7
18.5
2.6
2.7
1.6
2.4
1.4
1.7
1.0
1.0
6.8
14.2
32.1
1.2
7.9
4.2
6.7
1.8
3.3
0.6
1.3
1.0
1.6
0.6
8.8
6.9
11.9
3.1
10.1
10.2
3.5
2.3
2.4
2.3
4.4
6.1
3.7
4.4
2.2
-hi
of<
6
22
3
6
0
0
0
0
6
7
0
0
21
20
4
6
23
5
5
5
6
6
6
23
23
23
5
5
6
0
5
23
21
6
0
23
5
7
5
21
5
5
5
5
5
5
Absolute Max
Value Occured
3.9 M7 D 8 H 3
12.3 M7 D30 H22
6.0 M6 D23 H21
118.7 M6D22H3
25.1 M7 D29 H 6
3.5 M7D16HO
3.7 MS D25 H21
59.2 M6 D 5 H 3
176.3 M6 D20 H18
25.8 M8 D31 H 5
6.7 M7 D 2 H 4
7.4 M8D10H15
18.6 M7D8H12
3.3 M6 D10 H 1
20.5 M8D4H11
2.8 M6 D14 H 6
2.3 MS D 7 H 0
12.7 M7 D25 H 5
65.9 M7 D26 H21
221.8 M6D6H17
17.1 M8 D22 H 6
21.9 M7D1H12
18.2 M6D2H6
18.6 M7D8H10
9.5 M6D13H23
23.0 M8 D 5 H23
1.4 M8D22H5
3.4 M7 D 1 H15
4.3 M7 D 5 H 6
4.6 M7D19H6
1.2 M7D29H14
34.3 M8 D31 H 1
14.5 M7 D25 H 6
118.7 M6D22H3
25.1 M7 D29 H 6
50.1 M8 D 4 H 2
44.5 M8 D31 H 2
15.7 M8D4H8
15.4 M7D20H5
7.5 M8 D28 H 0
8.0 M9 D26 H 5
8.9 M9 D12 H 5
17.7 M9 D26 H16
10.0 M9D12H5
9.7 M9 D29 H 5
5.5 M8 D28 H 2
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
0.8
1.3
0.7
7.2
1.4
0.7
0.7
6.3
12.3
0.9
0.8
0.5
1.0
0.3
1.0
0.3
0.2
2.7
5.6
13.2
1.7
3.2
2.4
2.1
1.1
2.5
0.3
0.6
0.7
1.0
0.3
2.9
2.9
7.2
1.4
5.2
4.6
1.3
1.0
0.9
1.4
1.6
2.8
1.5
2.0
0.9
5-8 am
STD
0.8
1.5
0.6
6.6
2.8
1.1
0.8
6.0
13.6
1.9
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
2.7
4.9
11.4
2.8
3.3
3.5
2.7
1.2
2.1
0.3
0.6
0.8
1.2
0.2
3.9
3.9
6.6
2.8
6.7
5.6
1.9
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.9-
3.3
2.4
2.5
0.8
Daily
Max.
0.9
2.0
1.0
20.3
4.7
1.1
0.8
10.9
27.7
2.7
1.2
0.8
2.9
0.5
3.0
0.4
0.3
2.7
10.6
34.5
2.8
4.0
3.4
4.4
1.3
2.7
0.3
0.7
0.7
1.3
0.2
5.3
3.4
20.3
4.7
9.8
7.4
2.6
1.9
1.5
1.6
1.8
3.8
2.4
2.4
1.0
102 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORX 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
PROPYLENE (ppbC) - (continued)
San Joaquln-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Agawam
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
N-HEXANE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltimore-Aldino
Baltimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
#OBS
All Mrs.
111 3-hr
1053-hr
4383-hr
859 3-hr
172 3-hr
181 3-hr
2113-hr
1163-hr
11291-hr
993 1-hr
391 1-hr
943-hr
103 3-hr
702 1-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
1384 1-hr
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
Sites = 5
97 3-hr
1549 1-hr
240 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
221 3-hr
2003-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
2015 1-hr
1795 1-hr
564 1-hr
493 1-hr
1071 1-hr
747 1-hr
1941 1-hr
1752 1-hr
473-hr
10621-hr
17271-hr
1073-hr
132 3-hr
139 3-hr
5-8 am
STD
283-hr
273-hr
61 3-hr
102 3-hr
22 3-hr
24 3-hr
26 3-hr
153-hr
163 1-hr
141 1-hr
54 1-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
90 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
123-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
253-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
260 1-hr
241 1-hr
86 1-hr
58 1-hr
152 1-hr
99 1-hr
255 1-hr
204 1-hr
473-hr
143 1-hr
235 1-hr
36 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
1.7
2.3
4.9
5.8
4.8
4.0
3.7
1.5
1.0
0.7
0.9
2.6
3.1
2.2
2.4
1.1
2.0
0.5
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.8
0.6
0.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.0
1.9
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.9
0.9
6.3
4.7
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
7.0
7.5
14.6
0.4
5.1
2.7
5-8am
STD
3.8
4.4
6.9
7.4
6.7
6.2
5.7
1.5
1.2
0.8
0.6
3.1
6.6
2.8
3.5
1.4
3.3
1.1
3.2
3.3
3.8
3.7
0.7
0.7
2.6
3.0
2.6
30
1.2
1.8
0.9
1.4
0.8
1.4
1.3
8.4
6.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.7
7.0
9.7
21.5
0.8
6.7
2.7
Daily
Max.
3.3
4.1
8.2
11.6
8.4
8.1
6.5
2.8
2.0
2.6
2.5
6.9
6.6
6.1
6.3
2.4
11.9
3.1
4.9
5.0
6.0
5.8
1.0
1.7
3.6
3.9
3.6
3.9
2.3
4.5
1.2
2.4
1.8
2.1
1.7
17.8
11.6
3.4
4.1
3.0
2.8
1.3
2.2
1.9
1.6
7.0
23.1
61.3
0.8
8.3
4.4
P-h
Of<
23
5
6
21
3
6
6
23
7
0
7
6
6
6
22
6
6
0
6
9
3
6
21
0
6
0
21
21
0
5
4
0
0
6
7
5
21
19
6
6
0
Absolute Max
Value Occured
7.0 MS D30 H 5
10.0 M8D30H5
15.4 M8D29H3
24.6 M9 D27 H 6
12.7 M9D15H6
13.1 M9D21H6
11.8 M8D24H21
15.5 M6D17H14
3.9 MS D 4 H21
29.7 MS D30 H 3
122.0 MS D 6 H17
26.0 M9 D 2 H 3
17.0 M8 D 6 H 6
20.8 M6 D 4 H23
19.8 M8D7HO
3.9 M7 D 8 H 3
118.7 M6D22H3
25.1 M7 D29 H 6
7.9 M8 D10 H12
16.4 M7D18H1
2.3 M6D23H18
9.3 M6 D22 H 5
6.6 M6 D23 H 0
9.8 M6 D 7 H 3
5.6 M6 D26 H 0
95.6 M6 D13 H 0
33.4 M6 D26 H 3
10.2 M6D24H4
11.5 M8D20H6
11.3 M7D17H22
21.0 M7D8H12
2.9 M7 D21 H20
41.0 M6D1H18
7.5 MS D 8 H 6
9.6 M8 D28 H 5
15.2 M8D29H5
125.5 M7 D26 H21
339.4 M6 D 6 H 5
2.5 M6 D23 H 6
23.3 M6D17H6
23.0 M8D22H15
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
1.9
2.3
2.8
3.7
2.7
2.6
2.1
1.4
0.6
1.4
6.3
5.4
2.9
2.1
2.2
0.8
7.2
1.4
0.9
1.8
0.4
1.0
0.7
1.1
0.8
7.9
4.8
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.2
0.4
1.8
0.7
0.7
3.5
10.6
22.9
0.5
3.6
2.6
5-8 am
STD
1.9
2.3
3.4
5.0
3.1
2.6
2.0
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.2
4.9
3.2
1.6
2.8
0.8
6.6
2.8
0.8
1.2
0.2
1.1
0.9
1.4
1.0
7.4
5.1
1.1
1.4
1.0
1.1
0.4
0.4
1.1
1.1
3.5
11.7
40.7
0.6
5.3
2.3
Daily
Max.
2.2
2.3
3.4
3.8
2.6
2.3
2.1
3.3
0.8
5.4
10.1
8.4
3.0
4.5
4.3
0.9
20.3
4.7
1.5
2.5
0.4
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.2
14.1
7.1
2.1
2.2
1.9
3.5
0.5
5.6
1.6
1.9
3.5
19.6
55.4
0.6
4.9
4.0
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 103
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-SIti
N-HEXANE (ppbC) - (continued)
Lake Michigan-Gary
Laka Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Laka Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Mtehigan-Manitowoc
NewYoik-Bronx Bot. Garden
PhUadelphia-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Philadelphia-Rider University
Provldence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquln-Clovls-Villa
San Joaquln-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-PIco Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coasl/SEDAB-Upland
Sprlnglield-A.gawam
Spiinglield-Chlcopee
Spdnglield-Waro
Vanlura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Siml Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meada
Washington-Lums Pond
ISOPRENE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Battimore-Aldino
Ballimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Year
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
He
Pype
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
#OBS
All Mrs.
644 1-hr
128 3-hr
134 3-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
1073-hr
141 3-hr
80 3-hr
1865 1-hr
131 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2099 1-hr
684 3-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
1113-hr
105 3-hr
307 3-hr
868 3-hr
172 3-hr
181 3-hr
220 3-hr
1163-hr
1161 1-hr
1462 1-hr
415 1-hr
94 3-hr
103 3-hr
1995 1-hr
734 1-hr
97 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
97 3-hr
15501-hr
2403-hr
1895 1-hr
1384 1-hr
221 3-hr
5-8 am
STD
85 1:hr
35 3-hr
34 3-hr
33 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
35 3-hr
29 3-hr
243 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
95 3-hr
34 3-hr
233-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
113-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
27 3-hr
44 3-hr
103 3-hr
22 3-hr
24 3-hr
28 3-hr
153-hr
167 1-hr
1921-hr
73 1-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
248 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
12 3-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
28 3-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
0.4
1.6
2.4
0.4
0.8
0.7
1.2
0.3
3.1
3.0
0.8
0.5
2.6
2.8
1.0
1.6
1.4
1.5
2.7
3.6
1.4
2.0
1.0
2.6
6.8
7.3
6.3
6.8
6.4
7.2
0.8
1.7
1.8
0.8
3.3
3.6
0.8
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.5
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.4
3.0
2.9
3.4
2.5
5.4
1.6
4.1
1.8
1.9
9.0
5-8am
STD
0.4
1.8
3.3
0.5
0.9
1.1
2.1
0.4
3.3
3.1
1.4
0.8
3.1
3.7
1.4
2.6
2.3
2.1
4.0
5.4
2.1
2.5
1.0
3.4
10.6
11.8
7.9
8.8
8.2
10.8
1.4
2.1
2.5
0.8
7.1
6.2
1.0
2.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
0.9
1.7
2.5
2.0
5.7
1.3
4.0
1.3
1.4
9.6
ally
Max.
1.4
2.1
3.7
0.7
1.3
1.2
2.7
0.5
6.3
5.5
2.4
1.8
4.8
5.3
2.4
3.7
2.8
2.2
4.2
5.8
2.3
2.8
1.4
5.3
11.2
14.8
12.0
10.2
10.2
11.8
1.8
4.5
5.3
2.6
7.6
6.2
2.4
4.4
2.3
2.4
1.8
6.6
6.5
5.8
6.0
8.3
8.7
7.4
6.5
10.9
4.8
9.4
5.9
6.2
20.5
-hr
f<
23
23
23
5
5
6
0
5
23
21
6
21
5
5
23
5
0
5
5
5
5
12
5
23
5
0
21
6
6
6
23
23
0
23
6
6
0
7
6
6
21
15
18
15
18
18
15
Absolute Max
Value Occured
16.1 M8 D30 H15
13.0 M6 D13 H23
21.0 M8D5H23
2.0 M6D16H11
5.8 M8D3H10
3.2 M6 D23 H 6
13.8 M8D18H6
2.2 M7D29H14
30.1 M7 D21 H18
15.5 M8D12H9
9.3 M6 D22 H 5
6.6 M6 D23 H 0
29.0 M6 D26 H14
16.8 M8 D28 H 2
7.5 M6 D 1 H 7
14.6 M7 D20 H 5
10.5 M8 D31 H 6
10.0 M9D26H5
9.4 M8 D31 H 5
18.0 M9D26H16
5.3 M9 D12 H 5
5.7 M9 D26 H12
2.5 M9D15H16
64.0 M9D8H16
84.0 M8 D 5 H23
74.1 M8 D29 H 6
119.9 M9D24H15
17.0 M9D15H6
14.3 M9D21H6
27.8 M9D14H6
7.0 M8 D29 H 5
20.4 M8D31H11
37.2 MB D26 H 3
35.3 M8 D 1 H 8
59.0 M9 D 2 H 6
10.0 M8D6H3
11.7 M7D20H6
32.0 M7 D30 H14
7.9 M8D10H12
9.3 M6 D22 H 5
6.6 M6 D23 H 0
20.4 M8 D 1 H15
15.4 M6D5H14
19.3 M6 D29 H18
21.9 M8D15H18
20.1 M7 D10 H18
40.0 M6D25H15
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
0.7
1.5
2.8
0.4
0.9
0.8
2.0
0.4
2.4
2.4
1.0
0.7
2.0
2.1
0.8
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.7
2.8
0.9
1.2
0.5
6.2
9.5
7.9
6.6
3.1
2.8
3.8
1.0
1.7
2.1
2.0
6.3
2.3
1.3
1.7
0.9
1.0
0.7
4.5
1.8
3.9
2.3
2.3
9.3
5-8 am
STD
0.4
1.3
2.5
0.4
0.7
0.8
3.0
0.3
2.2
2.1
1.1
0.9
1.9
2.5
1.1
2.4
2.0
2.0
2.1
3.3
1.2
1.5
0.4
1.7
5.0
15.0
7.2
4.0
2.6
5.0
1.8
1.9
2.4
0.4
11.2
2.0
1.6
1.6
0.8
1.1
0.9
3.3
1.8
3.3
1.5
1.8
6.3
Daily
Max.
2.6
1.7
3.1
0.5
1.2
0.8
3.0
0.4
3.5
3.7
1.6
1.5
3.2
3.2
1.2
2.5
2.2
1.9
2.0
3.9
1.1
1.5
0.5
10.1
8.9
14.0
13.2
3.2
2.4
4.9
1.6
3.5
6.2
6.8
11.3
2.1
2.6
5.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
4.9
2.8
3.6
4.2
4.C
10.1
104 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
ISOPRENE (ppbC) - (continued)
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Philadelphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Agawam
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
#083
All Hrs.
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
2057 1-hr
1784 1-hr
848 1-hr
529 1-hr
1665 1-hr
1033 1-hr
1940 1-hr
17521-hr
47 3-hr
986 1-hr
1532 1-hr
1073-hr
132 3-hr
1393-hr
11651-hr
128 3-hf
1333-hr
95 3-hr
95 3-hr
1073-hr
141 3-hr
75 3-hr
2032 1-hr
131 3-hr
1895 1-hr
13841-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2096 1-hr
681 3-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
111 3-hr
1053-hr
412 3-hr
825 3-hr
166 3-hr
1803-hr
202 3-hr
1163-hr
1316 1-hr
1449 1-hr
1349 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
25 3-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
263 1-hr
242 1-hr
1091-hr
58 1-hr
197 1-hr
129 1-hr
254 1-hr
204 1-hr
47 3-hr
137 1-hr
206 1-hr
36 3-hr
333-hr
36 3-hr
153 1-hr
35 3-hr
34 3-hr
32 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
35 3-hr
27 3-hr
267 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
923-hr
343-hr
23 3-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
113-hr
293-hr
28 3-hr
273-hr
58 3-hr
97 3-hr
21 3-hr
243-hr
273-hr
153-hr
183 1-hr
185 1-hr
191 1-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
11.2
4.3
3.2
4.4
4.4
2.7
1.6
5.6
5.4
1.7
1.5
0.8
0.5
2.1
5.0
0.6
1.0
1.9
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.3
8.9
5.3
2.5
3.4
3.7
1.8
1.9
1.3
1.3
3.9
2.6
2.3
1.2
2.0
2.5
0.8
1.1
2.9
2.5
0.8
1.4
1.8
1.0
2.6
2.0
4.5
4.3
3.3
15.9
5-8am
STD
11.5
4.2
3.2
3.3
3.1
2.6
1.1
1.6
3.2
2.6
2.1
0.8
0.7
1.8
2.3
0.8
0.3
2.5
0.5
0.7
0.2
0.2
3.7
3.2
1.3
1.1
2.3
1.3
1.4
1.0
0.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
1.0
1.0
1.6
0.4
0.6
3.0
1.0
0.9
1.5
1.5
1.0
3.7
2.1
1.8
2.3
2.3
5.1
Daily
Max.
27.7
8.8
8.6
11.9
13.7
9.1
4.8
16.1
16.9
5.7
5.8
0.8
1.8
6.0
7.2
1.4
2.6
5.8
0.7
0.8
0.5
0.5
14.2
10.2
3.8
9.8
7.5
5.9
6.2
2.7
2.9
12.1
5.6
4.2
2.0
3.6
3.9
1.6
2.1
4.8
4.5
1.2
2.3
6.3
1.6
5.2
3.9
9.2
11.0
10.1
43.8
P-hi
of<
18
18
18
11
12
18
17
18
18
7
7
5
20
13
15
0
12
23
23
23
5
5
12
12
11
15
15
18
18
8
11
18
14
15
16
12
12
12
12
12
23
23
0
21
15
12
12
23
17
13
14
Absolute Max
Value Occured
55.0 M7D8H18
23.9 M6D4H18
57.9 M6 D 6 H 9
32.4 M7D29H17
39.1 M8D2H12
113.0 M8D21H5
24.0 M7D8H12
67.3 M7D14H18
50.6 M8D2H17
22.4 M6D19H12
21.6 M7D20H7
10.3 M8D1H5
10.3 M6 D22 H12
34.4 M7D13H21
26.6 M7D13H15
5.6 M8 D12 H 6
24.7 M7D11H12
18.7 M8D24H13
3.0 M6D19H14
3.6 M8 D 5 H23
1.7 M7D13H14
1.3 M6D18H10
50.3 M6D19H15
27.9 M6D17H12
14.0 M6D19H14
38.7 M8D2H13
15.5 M7D8H9
21.9 M8D15H18
20.1 M7D10H18
5.9 M8D10H20
8.0 MS D24 H23
39.3 M7D14H18
23.0 M7D15H11
12.0 M7D16H21
9.0 MS D 9 H 5
6.8 M7D17H12
6.4 M8D15H16
3.7 M8D28H12
2.7 M9D8H16
8.8 M7 D29 H12
12.0 M8D6H12
2.0 M7D7H16
10.9 MS D14 H 6
8.9 M9 D26 H21
3.4 M8 D31 H15
13.3 M8 D31 H 6
6.6 M8D12H6
33.8 M7 D14 H17
44.6 M7D14H15
47.1 M6D14H13
99.4 M7D27H14
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
10.3
3.2
4.2
5.0
5.5
5.8
1.9
6.9
6.7
2.9
2.4
1.5
0.7
2.2
5.5
1.0
2.8
2.1
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
9.1
6.1
2.5
4.2
3.4
2.3
2.3
1.1
1.3
4.5
3.0
2.2
1.2
1.7
1.4
0.8
0.9
2.2
2.6
0.6
1.0
1.8
0.5
2.1
1.4
6.0
5.2
4.0
18.5
5-8 am
STD
3.2
2.5
3.3
3.0
2.9
10.8
1.2
1.7
3.6
3.1
3.0
1.5
0.5
1.4
2.2
1.1
0.4
2.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
3.2
3.9
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.0
0.8
2.3
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.5
0.8
0.6
1.6
1.0
0.5
2.7
1.3
1.2
2.1
2.3
6.2
Daily
Max.
13.4
3.8
6.6
7.1
8.6
18.2
4.3
11.4
11.7
5.0
4.8
1.5
1.7
4.7
6.4
1.2
4.5
4.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.4
11.1
6.3
3.1
6.9
3.8
4.2
4.0
1.2
1.4
7.5
4.0
2.8
1.7
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.4
1.9
3.3
0.7
1.4
1.4
0.7
2.0
1.2
8.6
8.8
7.8
22.9
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 105
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parimeter-Area-SHe
ISOPRENE (ppbC) - (continued)
Ventura Co.-Siml Valley
Washington-Cofbln
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meads
Washington-Lums Pond
2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baitimore-AMino
Battimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connocticul-E. Hartford
Connoclicul-Stalford
Connecticut-Cape Ellz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
lake Michlgan-Braldwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Mlchigan-Chlcagc-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Mlchlgan-Manltowoc
Now \brk-Bronx Bol. Garden
PhBadelpMa-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Philadelphia-Rider University
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
rype
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
SOBS
All Mrs.
229 3-hr
13721-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
13841-hr
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
97 3-hr
1549 1-hr
2403-hr
18951-hr
1493 1-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
6883-hr
2050 1-hr
1863 1-hr
645 1-hr
521 1-hr
1455 1-hr
654 1-hr
1937 1-hr
1752 1-hr
473-hr
1051 1-hr
1728 1-hr
1073-hr
132 3-hr
1393-hr
11001-hr
128 3-hr
63 3-hr
91 3-hr
52 3-hr
107 3-hr
141 3-hr
793-hr
18681-hr
131 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
5773-hr
630 3-hr
2099 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
29 3-hr
174 1-hr
91 1-hr.
123-hr
239 1-hr
171 1-hr
123-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
283-hr
25 3-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
262 1-hr
252 1-hr
80 1-hr
59 1-hr '
182 1-hr
891-hr
251 1-hr
204 1-hr
473-hr
141 1-hr
235 1-hr
36 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
150 1-hr
35 3-hr
15 3-hr
323-hr
173-hr
36 3-hr
35 3-hr
29 3-hr
1
243 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
763-hr
258 1-hr
Means
All
Mrs.
12.1
2.4
2.5
5.4
1.8
1.9
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.3
3.0
2.9
3.4
2.5
1.3
2.5
4.8
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.7
4.4
2.7
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.4
0.9
1.0
0.6
0.9
6.0
6.9
3.4
0.2
6.4
4.1
2.8
2.1
3.7
0.5
0.4
1.0
1.5
0.5
4.3
4.4
0.5
0.6
2.1
3.0
0.9
5-8am
STD
5.9
1.8
1.6
5.7
1.3
1.4
3.0
3.8
3.5
4.4
0.9
1.7
2.5
2.0
1.5
3.2
4.7
0.7
0.9
0.4
0.8
5.5
4.2
1.9
1.7
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
1.0
6.0
8.4
4.9
0.4
7.4
3.8
3.1
2.6
4.9
0.6
0.6
1.2
2.1
0.6
4.5
4.7
0.7
0.9
2.8
4.3
1.3
Daily
tax.
31.2
6.1
6.3
10.9
5.9
6.2
4.8
5.4
5.7
6.4
8.3
8.7
7.4
6.5
3.0
5.9
12.1
2.2
1.8
1.1
1.6
10.6
6.5
4.1
4.0
3.0
3.2
1,9
2.9
1.8
1.6
6.0
21.1
11.4
0.4
9.6
7.1
9.1
2.8
4.8
0.8
0.5
1.6
3.1
0.7
9.8
7.6
2.2
1.8
4.0
6.2
2.2
P-hi
of<
17
17
19
15
18
18
21
21
3
6
6
0
0
0
6
20
22
21
0
20
0
6
7
5
5
6
6
6
0
23
23
23
5
5
6
0
5
23
21
6
6
20
5
0
Absolute Max
Value Occured
68.2 M6D22H17
15.0 M8D4H6
20.3 M8 D28 H19
20.4 M8 D 1 H15
21.9 M8D15H18
20.1 M7 D10 H18
11.0 M8D10H12
16.7 M7D30H22
100.7 M8D13HO
16.9 M6D22H10
6.2 M8 D 4 H 2
2.4 M7D16HO
7.6 M8 D25 H21
34.1 M6 D27 H 3
21,8 M8D10HO
13.2 M8D9H22
31.9 M6D29H1
9.4 M8 D17 H22
21.2 M7D8H12
22.7 M6D10H1
21.3 M8D4H11
6.7 M7D15H1
3.6 M8 D26 H 9
12.9 M8D25H5
120.3 M7 D26 H21
74.6 M7D13H21
2.3 M6 D23 H 6
22.2 M6 D17 H 6
42.0 M7 D29 H 0
24.0 M8 D22 H 0
20.0 M6D13H23
29.0 M8 D 5 H23
2.2 M6D16H11
2.1 M6 D10 H 5
7.0 M6 D23 H 6
9.1 M6 D16 H 0
3.4 M7D29H14
37.4 MS D31 H 1
13.8 M8 D27 H 0
16.9 M6D22H10
6.2 M8 D 4 H 2
8.9 M7 D 9 H23
23.4 M8 D28 H 2
8.9 M6 D24 H 7
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
11.9
2.2
2.2
4.5
2.3
2.3
1.3
1.8
8.9
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.8
4.5
3.0
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.3
0.7
1.4
0.7
0.4
2.8
9.6
4.0
0.4
3.6
5.4
3.1
2.3
5.2
0.5
0.5
1.3
2.0
0.6
3.0
2.4
0.9
0.7
1.5
2.6
0.8
5-8 am
STD
4.2
2.1
1.2
3.3
1.5
1.8
1.0
2.1
7.3
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
4.1
3.4
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.2
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.5
2.8
7.4
3.6
0.6
4.5
4.7
2.8
2.3
4.4
0.5
0.7
1.4
2.1
0.4
3.1
2.7
0.9
0.8
1.8
3.1
1.3
Daily
Max.
13.8
3.0
3.8
4.9
4.2
4.0
2.3
2.8
17.9
2.4
1.0
0.8
1.3
7.3
4.4
2.1
3.5
1.8
3.3
2.6
4.3
1.1
0.7
2.8
18.3
10.5
0.6
4.5
8.3
5.7
2.6
5.6
0.6
0.7
1.4
2.7
0.7
5.6
2.7
2.4
1.0
1.7
4.1
1.3
106 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Agawam
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
FORMALDEHYDE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Essex
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Lake Michigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
s
Providence-E. Providence
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overtand
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
tOBS
All Hrs.
678 3-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
1113-hr
105 3-hr
438 3-hr
866 3-hr
172 3-hr
181 3-hr
220 3-hr
1163-hr
1352 1-hr
1423 1-hr
521 1-hr
94 3-hr
103 3-hr
1995 1-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
Sites = 6
Sites = 5
680 3-hr
6453-hr
577 3-hr
5803-hr
3923-hr
459 3-hr
111 3-hr
136 3-hr
145 3-hr
131 3-hr
102 3-hr
109 3-hr
140 3-hr
69 3-hr
306 3-hr
727 3-hr
7103-hr
653 3-hr
460 3-hr
111 3-hr
1203-hr
5-8 am
STD
89 3-hr
34 3-hr
233-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
113-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
273-hr
61 3-hr
103 3-hr
223-hr
24 3-hr
283-hr
153-hr
177 1-hr
184 1-hr
83 1-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
248 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
85 3-hr
82 3-hr
66 3-hr
69 3-hr
343-hr
53 3-hr
373-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
34 3-hr
35 3-hr
37 3-hr
35 3-hr
243-hr
383-hr
92 3-hr
883-hr
833-hr
59 3-hr
28 3-hr
30 3-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
1.6
1.4
1.0
3.0
4.5
1.3
2.5
1.1
1.3
0.9
6.0
6.5
6.3
6.4
7.9
0.9
1.5
2.0
0.9
2.0
4.4
2.6
3.7
1.3
0.5
0.6
7.6
5.9
5.0
4.7
6.5
4.2
3.4
4.8
5.1
4.9
3.6
9.6
9.2
8.1
5.9
20.3
12.1
4.0
4.9
5.6
6.1
4.0
3.8
5.0
2.3
5-8am
STD
2.6
2.1
1.3
4.4
7.0
2.0
3.3
1.2
2.4
1.3
7.3
8.3
8.0
8.5
11.1
1.2
1.8
2.4
1.0
3.4
8.4
3.3
5.3
1.5
0.7
0.9
7.5
5.1
4.6
3.9
6.4
4.4
2.6
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.7
9.7
9.1
5.6
6.9
21.5
11.2
3.4
4.2
4.6
5.3
3.3
3.8
4.8
2.4
Daily
Max.
3.5
2.7
1.5
4.7
7.4
2.2
3.5
1.6
2.2
1.3
9.7
12.0
9.5
10.8
12.7
1.6
3.2
5.5
2.4
3.4
8.3
8.5
9.7
3.0
2.2
1.8
10.8
9.4
8.2
8.3
10.0
6.5
5.5
'8.2
7.9
11.5
4.6
11.6
13.3
12.7
8.7
23.7
14.7
5.6
7.1
8.0
8.8
5.9
5.8
7.0
3.5
P-h
of<
5
21
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
21
6
6
21
23
22
0
23
6
6
21
22
21
6
6
12
9
11
11
14
12
6
15
0
23
5
6
15
11
12
14
8
11
15
12
12
Absolute Max
Value Occured
21.1 M7D20H5
8.1 M7D16H21
9.0 M9 D26 H 5
17.4 M7D8H2
21.7 M9D26H16
5.8 M9 D12 H 5
6.9 M9 D29 H 5
2.5 M9D15H16
6.0 M9 D 4 H23
4.0 M8 D 6 H 5
31.0 M7D29HO
100.4 M8D15HO
15.2 M8 D31 H 6
16.1 M8D7H3
22.9 M7D22H3
3.1 MS D 1 H 5
8.4 M7 D21 H 6
47.6 M8 D26 H 3
35.2 M8 D 1 H 8
6.0 M9 D26 H 6
15.0 M9D8H6
59.0 M7 D30 H23
29.2 M8 D 7 H 0
11.0 M8D10H12
16.9 M6D22H10
6.2 M8 D 4 H 2
38.1 M6 D 7 H12
13.7 M8 D21 H12
16.2 M7D31H14
19.7 M7D30H14
16.1 M8 D 1 H14
77.7 M6D13H12
19.3 M8D19H6
30.1 M6 D16 H15
86.0 M8 D28 H15
33.1 MS D 7 H14
21.3 M8D13H5
43.2 MS D22 H 6
28.6 M6D19H15
31.6 M7D17H14
13.8 M8D2H9
16.1 M6D20H17
16.8 M7D8H8
16.1 M7D14H17
13.6 M6 D18 H 9
15.8 M9D18H2
7.9 M8 D31 H12
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
1.7
1.2
1.3
2.2
3.6
0.9
1.6
0.6
1.4
0.8
3.3
6.2
2.7
3.2
3.9
0.8
1.0
2.2
1.8
1.3
3.3
3.5
3.5
1.3
0.9
0.7
3.9
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.0
5.8
2.0
5.3
7.0
6.4
5.2
10.6
6.4
4.9
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.3
1.2
5-8 am
STD
3.0
1.7
1.9
2.2
4.5
1.3
1.9
0.5
1.5
1.1
3.6
8.1
3.4
3.3
4.1
1.0
1.2
1.5
0.5
1.3
3.2
3.8
4.7
1.0
0.9
0.8
3.7
2.5
2:1
2.1
2.8
2.2
3.0
4.9
1.8
1.6
6.4
11.3
6.1
5.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
1.7
1.9
2.3
1.1
Daily
Max.
2.9
2.0
1.8
2.9
5.0
1.2
1.8
0.5
1.6
1.0
4.3
9.6
2.7
3.2
4.1
0.9
1.5
7.4
6.1
1.1
3.4
8.9
6.5
2.3
2.4
1.0
5.0
2.7
3.1
3.5
3.5
14.5
2.8
6.0
12.6
9.1
6.1
11.1
5.5
7.1
2.9
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.7
1.3
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 107
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
TableA-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameler-Area-Site
FORMALDEHYDE (ppbC) - (continue
South Coast/SEDAB-PIco Riv
Sprlngfleld-Chlcopee
Vontura Co.-EI Rio
ACETALDEHYDE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Essex
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Lake Mlchigan-Braldwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardina
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
Newark-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Prov!dence-E. Providence
San Diego-El Ca]on
San Diego-Overland
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
Springliold-Chicopee
Vontura Co.-EI Rio
M/PXYLENE(ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltimore- Aldino
BaUimofo-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Year
9S5
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1895
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1S94
Site
ype
2
2
2
2
2
2
All
All
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
#OBS
All Hrs.
494 3-hr
211 3-hr
505 3-hr
131 3-hr
Sites = 6
Sites = 5
734 3-hr
680 3-hr
645 3-hr
576 3-hr
580 3-hr
396 3-hr
485 3-hr
111 3-hr
136 3-hr
145 3-hr
90 3-hr
69 3-hr
109 3-hr
140 3-hr
37 3-hr
306 3-hr
727 3-hr
710 3-hr
656 3-hr
462 3-hr
111 3-hr
120 3-hr
494 3-hr
2123-hr
504 3-hr
131 3-hr
Sites = 14
Sites = 10
Sites = 2
Sites = 3
97 3-hr
1549 1-hr
240 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
221 3-hr
2003-hr
5-8 am
STD
60 3-hr
183-hr
61 3-hr
343-hr
92 3-hr
85 3-hr
823-hr
66 3-hr
69 3-hr
34 3-hr
53 3-hr
37 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
24 3-hr
24 3-hr
373-hr
35 3-hr
133-hr
38 3-hr
923-hr
88 3-hr
84 3-hr
60 3-hr
28 3-hr
30 3-hr
60 3-hr
183-hr
60 3-hr
34 3-hr
12 3-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
25 3-hr
M
All
Hrs.
4.6
7.1
4.0
2.0
3.2
3.6
2.9
3.5
3.4
4.7
1.4
2.0
2.6
3.2
3.8
1.7
6.5
3.5
10.0
9.6
4.6
4.1
8.1
3.4
3.6
5.0
2.7
3.1
3.2
1.8
7.0
3.2
3.0
1.8
4.6
5.0
6.1
6.5
0.7
1.2
0.7
0.9
1.8
2.9
1.2
0.6
0.9
0.8
0.9
5-8am
STD
5.2
9.3
2.7
2.0
3.2
3.3
3.0
3.2
3.0
6.1
1.7
2.1
2.4
3.0
2.7
1.9
6.5
3.8
9.0
12.3
3.9
3.9
8.1
3.3
3.5
4.8
2.5
3.5
3.6
1.9
6.3
4.0
2.8
2.1
5.8
6.9
7.7
9.0
1.1
1.7
1.3
1.5
2.6
4.2
1.4
1.3
1.6
0.8
1.0
Daily
Max.
7.7
13.9
7.2
2.8
5.2
6.0
5.1
6.2
5.2
8.1
2.4
3.4
4.3
5.4
9.3
2.2
8.1
4.9
13.3
13.0
5.4
5.2
10.7
5.3
5.8
7.6
4.1
4.8
4.5
2.7
14.0
6.9
5.0
2.5
10.3
9.5
13.6
12.2
1.6
3.1
2.2
2.9
4.2
8.0
2.3
2.2
3.1
1.7
1.9
-hi
f<
9
17
11
6
21
6
6
20
8
14
12
6
12
6
23
5
12
12
5
9
8
8
8
21
12
12
12
14
8
6
6
21
6
6
5
0
0
Absolute Max
Value Occured
64.5 M9D27H12
110.8 M7D6H23
27.1 MS D26 H14
6.0 M9D6H13
20.4 M8 D31 H 9
29.3 M6 D 3 H21
6.0 M8 D28 H 6
17.7 M7D7H5
12.4 M6D13H11
16.7 M8D22H2
180.6 M6D17H9
4.6 M6 D23 H 6
20.2 M6D16H12
10.0 M7D13H15
37.6 M7D14H14
56.6 M6 D 5 H 5
12.6 M8D12H15
11.2 M6D18H12
40.4 M7D17H14
18.5 M7D13H9
18.1 M8D28H5
15.9 M8D11H14
11.0 M7D27H20
20.6 M7 D 5 H 0
10.8 M8 D28 H 5
6.8 MS D31 H12
22.6 MS D 5 H 9
60.3 M7 D 6 H20
18.3 M7D18H11
6.0 M7D13H9
7.2 M7 D 8 H 3
33.3 M7D31H18
4.0 M8D22H18
7.4 M8 D22 H22
11.9 M6D9H3
3.3 M7D16HO
3.7 M6 D23 H 3
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
3.4
16.1
2.8
1.1
1.7
2.7
0.9
1.5
1.6
1.8
9.2
0.9
3.3
1.8
5.2
7.7
2.2
1.9
7.2
2.5
1.8
2.6
1.5
1.9
1.8
1.1
4.6
6.0
2.0
1.2
1.5
2.4
0.8
0.9
1.3
0.8
0.7
5-8 am
STD
2.0
24.2
1.2
1.0
1.4
2.8
1.2
2.5
1.3
1.7
1.4
1.1
3.2
1.7
3.4
11.2
1.6
1.8
6.8
2.6
2.3
2.7
1.6
2.3
2.2
1.1
2.8
8.4
1.5
1.3
1.6
3.0
0.7
1.2
1.8
0.8
0.5
Daily
flax.
7.6
24.0
4.6
1.2
2.2
3.5
1.2
2.5
2.2
3.0
25.6
0.8
3.7
1.8
7.3
9.7
2.5
2.1
10.6
3.4
2.4
3.0
2.0
2.5
2.2
1.3
3.7
11.6
2.9
1.5
1.9
5.1
0.9
1.5
2.5
0.9
0.9
108 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
M/P XYLENE (ppbC) - (continued)
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Philadelphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovls-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Agawam
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
tops..
All Hrs.
6453-hr
688 3-hr
2104 1-hr
1899 1-hr
841 1-hr
658 1-hr
1441 1-hr
1064 1-hr
1940 1-hr
1751 1-hr
473-hr
1055 1-hr
1728 1-hr
107 3-hr
1393-hr
11361-hr
128 3-hr
1343-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
107 3-hr
80 3-hr
1868 1-hr
131 3-hr
18951-hr
1493 1-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2099 1-hr
684 3-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
1093-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
1113-hr
1053-hr
438 3-hr
844 3-hr
2023-hr
1163-hr
1344 1-hr
15 1-hr
10161-hr
943-hr
103 3-hr
1326 1-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
263 1-hr
253 1-hr
1101-hr
70 1-hr
200 1-hr
131 1-hr
254 1-hr
204 1-hr
47 3-hr
141 1-hr
235 1-hr
36 3-hr
363-hr
152 1-hr
35 3-hr
343-hr
33 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
293-hr
243 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
95 3-hr
34 3-hr
23 3-hr
27 3-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
113-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
273-hr
61 3-hr
99 3-hr
273-hr
153-hr
184 1-hr
71-hr
151 1-hr
253-hr
25 3-hr
164 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
5.2
4.1
2.9
3.5
1.4
3.7
1.0
1.4
0.7
0.7
14.8
10.6
10.0
0.7
6.5
3.9
2.9
5.4
0.5
1.1
1.3
0.6
8.5
8.2
0.6
0.9
4.1
6.7
1.9
3.4
3.2
4.7
7.5
10.3
4.3
5.9
2.4
6.4
14.9
17.1
12.6
5.3
2.4
1.7
3.5
0.8
4.1
10.0
5.3
5.1
1.8
0.6
0.9
5-8am
STD
6.8
6.5
3.3
3.9
1.4
4.7
1.3
1.8
1.3
1.3
14.8
13.3
14.1
1.3
7.2
5.1
3.9
8.0
1.0
1.7
2.1
0.9
7.1
9.0
1.3
1.6
5.6
9.4
3.2
5.5
4.8
6.6
11.8
16.6
6.6
7.7
3.1
11.3
25.2
19.3
16.8
7.6
2.9
2.3
5.1
0.9
7.6
21.7
7.0
7.5
2.6
1.3
1.6
Daily
Max.
13.2
9.9
6.2
8.5
4.0
11.0
2.2
4.4
2.2
2.4
14.9
38.6
30.4
1.4
9.0
11.7
4.1
8.4
1.0
1.8
2.4
1.0
36.2
14.6
2.2
3.1
7.6
13.0
5.1
7.4
6.3
6.9
12.3
17.6
7.1
8.4
3.8
10.5
25.2
27.2
22.7
8.9
3.9
4.8
3.5
2.0
7.4
20.7
15.0
12.7
4.2
2.2
3.1
P-h
of<
6
6
20
6
22
4
6
0
6
7
5
5
5
6
0
23
23
23
5
5
6
5
23
21
6
5
20
5
23
5
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
23
5
6
6
21
23
7
7
23
6
6
21
22
6
6
5
I Absolute Max
Value Occured
61.9 M6D26H21
44.0 M8 D 9 H21
15.1 M8D9H22
23.7 M7 D 1 H14
44.8 M8D10H17
47.7 M7D18H10
7.0 M6D23H11
30.2 M6 D 1 H18
8.7 MS D25 H 6
8.2 M6D15HO
30.0 M7 D25 H 5
199.4 M7D26H21
134.6 M8D17H23
5.2 M8 D22 H 6
19.1 M6D14H6
36.7 M8D22HO
24.0 M6D13H23
45.0 M8 D 5 H23
4.1 M6 D23 H 5
4.7 M8D18H5
6.0 M6 D23 H 6
4.4 M7 D29 H14
1272.0 M7D31H13
27.3 M8 D27 H 0
7.4 M8 D22 H22
11.9 M6D9H3
17.9 M6D5H5
39.2 M8 D30 H23
21.2 M6D1H7
24.0 M7 D21 H23
19.8 M8D28HO
29.0 M9 D26 H 5
25.1 M9 D12 H 5
52.0 M9 D26 H16
20.4 M9 D12 H 5
18.4 M9D29H5
6.6 M9D15H16
27.0 M8 D12 H 5
77.0 M9D16H23
265.5 M8 D 1 H15
73.7 MS D15 H 3
15.4 M7D22H3
21.2 M6D4H23
12.1 M8D26H20
7.3 M7D13H7
26.1 M8 D 1 H 8
15.0 M9 D26 H 6
41.0 M9D14H6
49.7 M6 D 4 H23
36.0 MS D 7 H 0
7.2 M7D8H3
7.4 M8 D22 H22
11.9 M6D9H3
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
6.1
4.5
1.8
2.5
2.2
4.6
0.8
1.6
0.8
0.9
6.6
17.8
9.5
0.9
3.6
4.3
3.0
6.6
0.7
1.1
1.5
0.8
31.7
4.8
0.9
1.3
2.6
4.9
1.8
3.3
2.6
4.3
5.0
8.5
3.0
3.8
1.3
6.1
14.9
14.0
8.8
2.8
2.3
1.8
2.1
1.2
3.0
9.2
5.3
4.5
1.5
0.9
1.3
5-8 am
STD
5.2
4.4
2.0
2.4
1.1
3.6
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
6.6
13.3
9!5
1.1
3.7
4.4
3.2
7.5
0.9
1.2
1.6
0.6
4.7
4.9
1.2
1.8
3.4
5.6
2.7
4.6
3.1
6.0
5.6
10.1
4.1
4.7
1.1
6.8
14.6
8.8
12.1 .
2.6
1.8
2.1
2.1
0.8
2.9
9.4
6.2
6.2
1.6
1.2
1.8
Daily
Max.
10.9
7.4
2.8
4.1
4.6
10.6
1.2
4.7
1.3
1.6
6.7
32.9
21.6
1.1
3.8
7.7
3.4
7.8
0.9
1.3
1.6
0.9
140.9
5.2
1.5
2.5
3.2
7.2
2.8
4.8
4.0
5.7
5.5
11.5
4.2
4.8
1.2
7.0
15.2
31.5
12.1
2.6
2.3
2.7
2.1
3.4
2.6
9.9
10.0
8.2
1.9
1.5
2.5
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 109
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
BENZENE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Morgan State
Battlmore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connactlcut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Capa Ellz., ME
B Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamlzal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
t
Late Mlchigan-Braldwood
Lako Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardlno
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michlgan-Manitowoc
Newark-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphla-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Phfladeiphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovls-Villa
San Joaquln-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
fype
All
All
2
2
4
4
2
2
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
#OBS
All Hrs.
Sites = 19
Sites = 12
Sites = 5
1549 1-hr
1895 1-hr
14931-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
2075 1-hr
1901 1-hr
893 1-hr
657 1-hr
1752 1-hr
1070 1-hr
1934 1-hr
17521-hr
473-hr
10621-hr
1728 1-hr
1073-hr
132 3-hr
139 3-hr
11881-hr
128 3-hr
134 3-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
107 3-hr
141 3-hr
80 3-hr
16841-hr
131 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2099 1-hr
6803-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
453-hr
1153-hr
111 3-hr
105 3-hr
438 3-hr
869 3-hr
1723-hr
5-8 am
STD
178 1-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
253-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
263 1-hr
253 1-hr
1111-hr
70 1-hr
214 1-hr
131 1-hr
248 1-hr
204 1-hr
473-hr
143 1-hr
235 1-hr
36 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
152 1-hr
35 3-hr
34 3-hr
33 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
35 3-hr
293-hr
219 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
91 3-hr
343-hr
23 3-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
113-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
273-hr
61 3-hr
103 3-hr
223-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
2.9
4.2
3.2
4.7
3.0
4.1
2.5
1.3
1.1
2.0
2.2
6.0
4.4
1.3
2.5
1.4
2.0
1.0
1.7
0.8
0.9
12.5
7.8
7.5
1.0
9.6
7.0
4.2
2.0
4.3
0.8
1.8
1.4
1.9
0.8
3.9
5.6
1.3
1.1
2.7
5.0
1.3
2.0
2.4
3.4
4.4
8.1
2.5
4.7
2.2
4.4
7.1
6.4
10.3
9.9
5-8am
STD
3.8
5.6
4.2
6.2
4.0
5.6
3.3
1.8
1.5
2.4
2.8
8.3
6.2
1.7
2.8
1.4
2.7
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.2
12.5
10.0
8.8
1.4
10.9
7.5
4.7
2.5
5.3
0.9
1.9
1.7
2.6
0.8
4.0
6.2
1.8
1.5
3.7
7.2
1.8
3.4
3.7
4.3
6.5
11.9
4.2
6.3
2.5
7.7
11.9
8.4
13.7
12.2
Daily
Iflax.
5.3
7.4
6.0
8.4
.5.6
6.9
6.1
4.0
2.7
3.3
3.4
13.2
9.1
3.3
5.9
2.4
4.8
1.9
4.2
1.6
2.0
12.6
24.4
30.2
1.4
13.9
9.2
19.5
2.6
5.8
1.1
2.3
1.9
3.5
0.9
8.2
9.3
4.0
2.7
4.9
9.8
2.7
4.2
4.4
4.7
6.6
12.7
4.3
6.8
3.1
7.0
11.7
9.5
17.5
14.4
-hi
of<
21
5
6
0
6
6
6
7
22
3
1
0
0
6
23
5
5
19
6
6
0
23
23
23
5
5
6
0
5
23
21
5
6
5
5
23
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
23
5
6
21
6
Absolute Max
Value Occured
15.0 M7D30H22
95.8 M6 D23 H 4
14.9 M7D23H13
8.6 M6 D 1 H 0
6.1 M6 D23 H 6
110.5 M6D23HO
33.3 M7 D 5 H21
41.5 M8D31H5
24.8 M7 D 2 H 4
14.4 M8D10H15
20.5 M7D8H12
4.0 M8D3H16
32.0 M6D1H18
5.9 M8D22H18
5.4 M6D15HO
25.3 M7 D25 H 5
135.7 M7D26H21
295.0 M8D14H19
4.5 M6 D 2 H 6
31.8 M6D13H15
19.6 M7 D29 H 0
160.0 M8D16H17
15.0 M6D13H23
38.0 MS D 5 H23
2.2 M6D16H11
6.0 M7D1H15
4.6 M8D4H15
10.3 M7D31H15
2.0 M7D29H14
30.4 M8 D31 H 1
15.8 M7 D20 H 6
95.8 M6 D23 H 4
14.9 M7D23H13
13.5 M8D14H5
39.2 M8 D25 H 2
8.2 M6 D 1 H 7
25.0 M6 D14 H 5
17.5 M8 D31 H 6
20.0 M9 D26 H 5
13.8 M8 D31 H 5
38.7 M9D26H16
11.6 M9D12H5
14.1 M9 D29 H 5
5.1 M7 D29 H 5
17.0 M9 D 4 H23
33.0 M9D16H23
16.7 M8D28H6
132.9 M8D15HO
22.4 M9 D15 H 6
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
1.9
2.4
1.0
1.3
1.0
7.4
3.6
1.3
1.7
0.7
1.7
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.7
5.4
11.3
11.7
0.7
5.1
5.0
7.9
1.7
4.4
0.4
1.0
0.9
1.9
0.4
2.4
2.9
2.4
1.0
1.7
4.1
0.8
1.8
1.8
2.8
2.4
5.8
1.9
3.1
1.1
3.7
6.5
2.9
8.5
4.0
5-8 am
STD
2.2
1.3
1.1
1.4
1.2
6.3
4.0
3.0
1.6
0.5
1.7
0.6
0.9
0.6
0.8
5.4
9.6
7.1
0.9
6.2
4.5
7.6
1.7
3.4
0.5
0.9
0.9
2.1
0.4
2.8
3.4
1.3
1.1
2.3
5.1
1.1
3.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
6.8
3.0
4.0
1.0
3.8
6.6
3.8
12.0
5.3
Daily
Max.
3.2
10.5
2.0
1.8
1.2
13.2
5.5
4.3
3.3
1.5
3.5
0.7
4.7
1.0
1.1
5.4
21.0
38.4
0.9
6.4
5.5
28.1
1.8
4.7
0.4
1.2
1.0
2.4
0.4
4.6
3.4
10.5
2.0
2.2
7.0
1.2
3.6
3.2
3.9
2.9
7.9
2.9
3.8
1.0
4.2
6.7
3.5
13.6
4.0
110 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994 - 1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
South Coast/SEDAB-UpIand
Springfleld-Agawam
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Lums Pond
TOLUENE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltlmore-Aldino
Baltimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Mlchigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B,
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
fype
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
4
4
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
#OBS
All Hrs.
181 3-hr
220 3-hr
1163-hr
1220 1-hr
1544 1-hr
1283 1-hr
1083-hr
943-hr
104 3-hr
103 3-hr
1995 1-hr
734 1-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
97 3-hr
15491-hr
240 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1492 1-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
2096 1-hr
1903 1-hr
880 1-hr
659 1-hr
1756 1-hr
1068 1-hr
1932 1-hr
1752 1-hr
473-hr
10621-hr
1728 1-hr
1073-hr
132 3-hr
139 3-hr
11801-hr
1283-hr
134 3-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
1073-hr
141 3-hr
803-hr
1684 1-hr
131 3-hr
5-8 am
STD
24 3-hr
283-hr .
15 3-hr
168 1-hr
191 1-hr
160 1-hr
273 3-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
248 1-hr
91 1-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
12 3-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
25 3-hr
813-hr
85 3-hr
263 1-hr
254 1-hr
1101-hr
70 1-hr
216 1-hr
131 1-hr
247 1-hr
204 1-hr
47 3-hr
143 1-hr
235 1-hr
36 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
151 1-hr
35 3-hr
343-hr
33 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
35 3-hr
29 3-hr
219 1-hr
23 3-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
10.2
15.3
1.6
1.3
2.0
1.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
7.0
3.5
4.9
1.3
1.1
9.8
11.8
11.5
13.2
1.9
3.3
7.9
10.0
3.9
6.1
5.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
1.5
8.9
7.3
5.3
6.8
3.2
6.6
2.2
3.3
1.7
2.1
26.4
17.3
15.9
1.4
23.5
11.0
6.2
5.5
11.6
1.5
3.3
3.4
8.5
1.6
21.5
20.8
5-8am
STD
13.6
21.4
1.7
1.4
2.4
0.9
0.0
5.2
0.0
13.4
4.3
6.3
1.8
1.5
12.7
16.0
14.4
17.5
2.6
4.1
11.1
14.7
5.3
8.7
5.7
3.6
3.4
2.5
1.8
11.9
11.0
6.8
7.7
4.0
9.2
2.9
4.0
2.9
3.0
26.4
22.1
23.1
2.2
28.5
12.1
7.9
6.9
16.5
2.3
4.2
5.1
12.3
1.7
18.6
22.6
Daily
Max.
16.3
23.6
2.2
2.6
4.9
5.1
0.0
5.2
0.0
13.2
8.7
9.8
4.0
2.7
20.6
22.1
25.0
25.1
3.7
6.9
14.7
18.0
8.8
15.5
11.6
6.0
5.5
4.0
3.2
21.5
16.1
12.6
17.1
7.6
15.6
5.0
8.9
6.0
5.9
26.5
57.0
48.9
2.2
36.4
15.9
17.1
7.3
17.6
2.4
5.0
6.1
16.9
2.2
61.3
34.7
P-hf
of<
6
21
23
22
0
23
6
6
21
22
5
6
6
7
3
5
6
0
0
0
6
6
6
7
6
23
0
5
7
5
5
5
6
6
6
23
23
23
5
5
6
0
5
23
21
Absolute Max
Value Occured
24.0 M9 D21 H 6
39.3 M7 D22 H 3
3.5 M7D13H23
5.1 M6D15H22
31.0 M8D26H3
243.0 M7 D23 H12
10.0 M9D26H6
25.0 M8 D 9 H 6
33.4 M6 D 4 H23
25.1 M8 D 7 H 0
95.8 M6 D23 H 4
14.9 M7D23H13
15.6 M7D8H3
34.8 M7 D30 H22
82.1 M8D13HO
17.0 M6D22H10
13.9 M6D8H10
8.0 M7D16HO
7.0 M8D25H21
89.6 M6 D26 H21
68.7 M8 D 9 H21
46.0 M6 D14 H 8
93.7 M8D11H14
19.2 M8D10H15
41.0 M7D16H22
18.3 M6D10H1
70.2 M6D1 H18
81.0 M8D25H6
60.7 M6 D24 H 2
53.5 M7 D25 H 5
365.0 M7 D26 H21
172.5 M8D23H14
8.4 M7D14H6
106.1 M6D17H6
36.0 M6D14H6
51.0 M8D22HO
43.0 M6 D13 H23
100.0 M8 D 5 H23
6.9 M8 D22 H 5
15.0 M8D3H10
18.1 M8D10H6
91.8 M6D22HO
12.0 M7D29H14
723.2 M6D15H10
59.4 M7 D22 H 6
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
4.4
7.2
0.7
0.8
1.7
6.9
0.0
2.0
0.0
5.3
3.1
2.8
2.4
1.0
3.0
4.7
7.1
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.3
9.4
7.0
3.9
5.8
2.3
5.4
1.7
3.3
2.7
2.5
11.5
28.0
15.8
1.3
15.1
6.5
6.1
5.1
14.5
1.2
2.6
3.8
11.0
1.7
31.5
10.2
5-8 am
STD
4.3
7.7
0.8
0.9
1.3
0.5
0.0
2.1
0.0
5.9
3.5
3.8
1.3
1.1
3.4
5.9
5.7
2.7
2.6
1.8
1.1
8.6
7.4
4.9
5.1
2.7
6.1
2.2
2.5
6.0
2.3
11.5
21.2
17.9
1.7
21.0
7.0
6.3
5.1
17.4
1.4
2.4
4.7
12.0
0.9
14.0
12.9
Daily
Max.
3.9
7.9
0.7
1.0
5.3
27.9
0.0
1.9
0.0
5.8
6.0
5.1
10.5
2.0
3.9
7.5
14.1
3.5
3.1
1.8
1.9
15.9
11.5
7.3
13.2
3.2
8.2
2.9
8.6
10.2
7.2
11.6
56.3
33.7
1.6
20.5
7.2
10.3
5.7
17.9
1.4
3.1
5.0
17.9
2.2
113.4
9.8
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 111
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parimoter-Area-Site
TOLUENE (ppbC) - (continued)
Phlladelphla-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycomlng
Philadelphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Dicgo-B Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquln-Clovls-Villa
San Joaquln-Golden St. Av.
Soulh Coast/SEDAB-Pico Rlv
South Coasl/SEDAB-Azusa
Soulh Coasl/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Agawam
Springfleld-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Siml Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-turns Pond
ETHYLBENZENE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltlmore-Aldlno
Baltimore-turns Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-Now Pride
Balon Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connectlcut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Year
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
ype
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
SOBS
All Hrs.
1895 1-hr
14921-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2099 1-hr
678 3-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
1113-hr
105 3-hr
438 3-hr
868 3-hr
172 3-hr
181 3-hr
221 3-hr
1163-hr
1432 1-hr
15741-hr
14941-hr
94 3-hr
103 3-hr
1326 1-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
14921-hr
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
97 3-hr
1549 1-hr
240 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
2081 1-hr
1900 1-hr
725 1-hr
540 1-hr
1206 1-hr
10471-hr
5-8 am
STD
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
763-hr
258 1-hr
90 3-hr
34 3-hr
23 3-hr
27 3-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
1 1 3-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
27 3-hr
61 3-hr
103 3-hr
22 3-hr
24 3-hr
28 3-hr
153-hr
184 1-hr
197 1-hr
189 1-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
164 1-hr
91 1-hr
12 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
12 3-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
25 3-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
262 1-hr
253 1-hr
97 1-hr
59 1-hr
176 1-hr
131 1-hr
__Mj§.aji$
All
Hrs.
2.2
2.2
8.6
2.5
3.9
7.2
7.2
7.8
12.7
17.7
6.9
9.9
4.7
15.7
21.4
31.9
30.1
32.5
29.8
34.9
5.8
5.2
11.1
1.9
6.6
16.5
12.4
10.6
3.9
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.1
0.3
0.5
1.2
1.5
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
1.7
1.2
1.0
1.2
0.7
1.1
0.5
0.6
5-8am
STD
3.6
3.4
11.5
17.4
6.1
12.2
10.4
10.4
19.0
26.6
11.0
13.4
5.1
20.1
34.9
37.9
38.0
41.1
40.3
51.6
6.8
6.4
14.1
2.5
12.0
33.3
15.8
15.1
5.3
3.6
3.4
1.9
2.4
2.2
2.7
0.4
0.6
1.7
2.2
0.9
1.3
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.2
2.1
2.0
1.1
1.4
0.7
1.4
0.6
0.7
ally
Max.
6.0
5.5
15.4
23.6
10.6
16.4
13.8
10.9
19.6
28.7
12.1
14.5
6.9
26.7
35.4
58.6
57.8
50.2
49.2
56.2
9.4
15.5
26.5
4.8
11.7
32.1
34.5
26.2
8.8
e'.o
5.5
3.3
3.5
4.1
4.0
0.6
1.3
2.2
2.8
1.4
2.5
0.8
0.8
1.1
0.6
0.6
4.0
3.1
2.0
3.0
1.5
2.6
1.0
2.0
-hr
f<
5
6
5
5
23
5
21
5
5
5
5
5
5
23
5
6
6
6
6
21
23
23
0
23
6
6
20
22
6
5
6
6
22
6
0
0
0
0
6
6
20
22
3
4
0
5
Absolute Max
Value Occured
17.0 M6D22H10
13.9 M6D8H10
42.7 M7D12H5
68.8 M8 D28 H 2
63.9 M6 D 1 H 7
51.7 M8D18H2
50.2 M8D30H18
49.0 M9 D26 H 5
40.6 M9D12H5
90.6 M9 D26 H16
31.7 M9D12H5
29.6 M9 D29 H 5
12.5 M9D15H16
170.0 M7D22H12
100.0 M8 D 5 H23
418.0 M8D1H15
510.5 M8D15HO
93.6 M9 D15 H 9
69.8 M9 D21 H 6
97.0 M7 D22 H 3
37.1 M6 D28 H23
83.5 M8D31H11
73.3 M8 D31 H 2
46.0 M8 D 1 H 8
23.0 M9 D26 H 6
59.0 M9 D14 H 6
126.3 M7D30H23
74.3 M8 D 7 H 0
15.6 M7D8H3
17.0 M6D22H10
13.9 M6D8H10
2.4 M7 D 8 H 3
7.7 M7D31H18
1.3 M8D7H12
2.0 M8 D22 H22
4.5 M8 D 1 H 9
1.4 M8D18HO
1.6 M6D23H3
18.6 M6 D26 H21
12.7 M8D9H21
4.4 MS D 9 H22
18.8 M8D31H5
11.3 M8D10H15
10.8 M7D8H12
3.2 M6 D 1 H23
19.1 M8D4H11
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
2.2
1.9
5.3
8.8
3.8
7.4
6.2
7.1
7.8
13.8
4.9
6.4
2.4
20.7
21.3
32.4
35.9
15.5
13.8
18.1
5.5
6.5
9.0
2.1
4.6
13.6
12.1
9.0
3.0
2.2
1.9
0.5
0.8
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.8
1.4
0.6
0.9
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.9
5-8 am
STD
2.7
2.6
7.5
11.2
6.1
10.6
7.4
10.1
9.1
15.9
7.0
7.3
1.9
9.6
19.8
23.1
41.3
19.9
13.8
19.2
6.1
6.3
9.2
2.4
4.6
13.7
14.1
12.4
3.4
2.7
2.6
0.5
0.9
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.3
1.6
1.6
0.6
1.4
0.3
1.0
0.3
0.4
Daily
Max.
3.5
3.1
6.8
13.4
8.0
11.7
10.1
9.6
9.1
18.8
6.7
7.8
2.3
31.1
20.8
63.2
68.1
16.4
11.3
18.0
6.2
14.4
14.3
5.7
4.1
14.2
26.1
16.8
3.9
3.5
3.1
0.6
1.4
0.2
0.5
0.9
0.5
0.4
3.1
2.2
0.9
2.2
1.3
1.9
0.5
3.3
112 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
TableA-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
ETHLYBENZENE (ppbC) - (continued
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Mlchigan-Braidwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chlcago-Jardine
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michigan-Manitowoc
New York-Bronx Bot. Garden
Philadelphia-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Philadelphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Agawam
Springfield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
Year
I
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
.-..'. SOBS
All Mrs.
1939 1-hr
1751 1-hr
47 3-hr
1056 1-hr
1728 1-hr
107 3-hr
1323-hr
139 3-hr
1067 1-hr
128 3-hr
1343-hr
96 3-hr
93 3-hr
1073-hr
141 3-hr
80 3-hr
1868 1-hr
131 3-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2099 1-hr
684 3-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
111 3-hr
1053-hr
438 3-hr
868 3-hr
172 3-hr
181 3-hr
221 3-hr
1163-hr
1181 1-hr
1548 1-hr
733 1-hr
94 3-hr
1033-hr
1326 1-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
5-8 am
STD
253 1-hr
204 1-hr
473-hr
142 1-hr
235 1-hr
363-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
151 1-hr
35 3-hr
343-hr
33 3-hr
32 3-hr
363-hr
35 3-hr
29 3-hr
243 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
763-hr
258 1-hr
95 3-hr
34 3-hr
23 3-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
11 3-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
273-hr
61 3-hr
103 3-hr
22 3-hr
24 3-hr
28 3-hr
153-hr
163 1-hr
197 1-hr
107 1-hr
25 3-hr
25 3-hr
164 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
Means
All
Mrs.
0.2
0.3
5.4
4.7
3.2
0.2
4.2
1.9
1.2
0.8
1.6
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.1
3.0
2.6
0.2
0.3
0.9
1.8
0.6
1.0
1.1
1.3
2.2
3.0
1.2
1.6
0.8
1.8
3.9
5.5
5.5
5.2
4.9
5.7
0.9
0.8
1.7
0.5
1.4
3.0
1.8
1.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
5-8am
STD
0.3
0.4
5.4
6.3
4.9
0.4
4.8
2.0
1.3
1.1
2.2
0.2
0.5
0.6
1.0
0.2
2.3
2.8
0.4
0.6
1.4
2.7
0.9
1.7
1.6
1.7
3.3
4.5
1.9
2.1
0.9
3.3
6.6
5.6
6.0
6.5
6.8
8.2
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
2.2
5.9
2.3
2.2
0.9
0.4
0.6
Daily
Max.
0.6
0.8
5.4
16.8
9.7
0.4
6.3
2.6
3.6
1.1
2.4
0.2
0.6
0.7
1.5
0.3
12.4
4.4
0.8
1.1
2.1
3.8
1.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
3.4
4.8
2.1
2.3
1.2
3.1
6.5
8.8
9.9
8.1
8.3
9.3
1.4
1.7
4.8
1.5
2.2
5.7
4.9
3.8
1.4
0.8
1.1
P-h
of<
6
7
5
5
6
6
6
0
23
23
23
5
5
6
0
5
23
21
0
0
8
5
7
5
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
23
5
12
21
6
6
21
23
23
0
23
6
6
21
22
6
0
0
Absolute Max
Value Occured
2.9 MS D25 H 6
2.5 M6D15HO
10.9 M7D18H5
80.3 M6 D 4 H 7
38.2 M6D6H16
1.2 M6D2H6
14.7 M8D18H12
5.5 M6D14H6
11.2 M8D15H11
6.6 M6D13H23
12.0 M8 D 5 H23
1.4 M6D23H5
1.8 M8D3H10
1.9 M7D14H12
4.1 M6 D 4 H 0
1.3 M7D29H14
456.0 M7D31H13
7.5 M8 D27 H 0
2.0 M8 D22 H22
4.5 M8 D 1 H 9
5.5 M6 D 5 H 5
10.8 M8D30H23
5.4 M6 D 1 H 7
7.7 M7 D21 H23
5.8 M8 D28 H 0
8.0 M9 D26 H 5
7.3 M9 D12 H 5
14.7 M9D26H16
5.6 M9 D12 H 5
4.9 M9 D26 H12
2.2 M9D15H16
8.0 M8 D12 H 5
18.0 M9D16H23
101.6 M8D1H15
77.2 M8D15HO
14.8 M9D15H6
12.5 M9D21H6
16.0 M7D22H3
2.3 M7D2H11
3.5 M8 D26 H20
32.4 M8 D30 H 3
29.7 M8 D 1 H 8
5.0 M9 D26 H 6
12.0 M9D14H6
14.6 M6D4H23
10.7 M8D7HO
2.4 M7 D 8 H 3
2.0 M8 D22 H22
4.5 M8 D 1 H 9
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
0.2
0.3
2.2
8.5
3.0
0.3
2.9
1.0
1.3
0.8
1.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
1.0
0.3
11.3
1.4
0.3
0.5
0.9
1.5
0.5
1.0
0.8
1.2
1.3
2.3
0.9
1.1
0.4
1.8
3.8
5.2
4.9
2.5
2.4
3.0
0.5
0.5
1.7
1.3
1.0
2.4
1.7
1.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
5-8 am
STD
0.3
0.3
2.2
9.7
3.7
0.4
3.4
1.0
1.2
0.9
2.1
0.4
0.4
0.5
1.1
0.3
1.4
1.5
0.4
0.7
1.1
1.8
0.7
1.4
1.0
1.8
1.6
2.7
1.2
1.3
0.4
1.9
3.5
2.6
6.5
3.3
2.3
3.1
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.3
1.1
2.6
2.0
1.8
0.5
0.4
0.7
Daily
Max.
0.4
0.5
2.2
17.9
6.8
0.4
3.4
1.1
2.7
1.0
2.2
0.3
0.5
0.5
1.3
0.3
50.5
1.5
0.5
0.9
1.0
2.2
0.7
1.5
1.2
1.6
1.6
3.1
1.2
1.3
0.4
2.0
3.7
12.0
7.4
2.6
2.0
3.0
0.6
0.8
5.7
4.6
0.9
2.6
3.1
2.4
0.6
0.5
0.9
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 113
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Partmelor-Area-Site
0-XYLENE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltimore-AMno
Baltimore-Lunis Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connectlcut-E Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Eliz., ME
El Paso-N, Campbell
El Paso-Chamlzal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Mlchigan-Braldwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Mlchigan-Chicagc-Jardlne
Lake Michigan-Gary
Lake Michigan-Milwaukee
Lake Michigan-Harrington B
Lake Michigan-Camp Logan
Lake Michlgan-Manitowoc
NewM>rk-Bronx Bot. Garden
Phtodelphla-Lums Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycomlng
Philadelphia-Rider University
Providence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diego-Alpine
Year
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
ype
All
All
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
#OBS
All Mrs.
Sites = 17
Sites = 11
Sites = 2
Sites = 5
973-hr
1548 1-hr
2403-hr
1895 1-hr
14931-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
688 3-hr
21021-hr
1901 1-hr
729 1-hr
552 1-hr
11221-hr
1025 1-hr
1940 1-hr
1752 1-hr
473-hr
1048 1-hr
1728 1-hr
107 3-hr
132 3-hr
139 3-hr
1050 1-hr
128 3-hr
134 3-hr
96 3-hr
95 3-hr
107 3-hr
141 3-hr
80 3-hr
1868 1-hr
131 3-hr
18951-hr
14931-hr
577 3-hr
630 3-hr
2099 1-hr
684 3-hr
366 3-hr
83 3-hr
109 3-hr
120 3-hr
1123-hr
45 3-hr
1153-hr
5-8 am
STD
12 3-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
25 3-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
263 1-hr
252 1-hr
99 1-hr
59 1-hr
169 1-hr
131 1-hr
254 1-hr
204 1-hr
47 3-hr
141 1-hr
235 1-hr
36 3-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
149 1-hr
35 3-hr
34 3-hr
33 3-hr
333-hr
36 3-hr
35 3-hr
29 3-hr
243 1-hr
23 3-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
69 3-hr
76 3-hr
258 1-hr
953-hr
343-hr
23 3-hr
273-hr
29 3-hr
28 3-hr
11 3-hr
29 3-hr
Means
All
Hrs.
2.2
2.6
2.7
3.1
0.3
0.6
1.5
1.9
2.0
1.2
2.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.8
2.6
1.6
1.2
1.4
0.9
1.2
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.3
5.2
4.6
3.2
0.4
5.4
2.9
1.5
1.0
2.0
0.1
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.1
2.9
3.2
0.2
0.4
3.0
2.6
0.7
1.2
1.4
1.8
3.4
4.7
3.5
5.6
1.7
5-8am
STD
2.7
3.3
3.1
3.8
0.4
0.7
2.2
2.8
2.3
1.7
2.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.9
3.2
2.6
1.3
1.5
0.7
1.7
0.6
0.8
0.4
0.5
5.2
5.9
4.6
0.7
6.1
3.1
1.8
1.4
2.9
0.2
0.7
0.9
1.5
0.2
2.5
3.5
0.5
0.6
3.1
3.5
1.0
2.2
2.0
2.6
4.9
6.7
3.6
5.1
1.7
ally
Max.
4.0
4.8
4.9
5.6
0.6
1.5
2.9
3.6
3.3
3.2
4.2
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.3
5.8
4.3
2.4
3.1
2.1
2.9
1.0
2.3
0.8
1.0
5.2
15.0
10.0
0.7
8.1
4.0
4.6
1.4
3.1
0.2
0.7
1.1
2.1
0.3
10.0
5.4
0.9
1.2
3.1
4.9
1.7
2.8
2.5
2.6
5.0
7.1
4.7
7.1
2.3
•hr
f<
21
22
18
0
5
0
0
0
6
20
0
0
21
7
0
6
8
5
5
6
6
6
0
23
23
23
5
5
6
0
5
0
21
0
5
2
5
23
5
0
5
5
5
12
12
16
Absolute Max
Value Occured
11.5 M8D31H12
18.6 M7D31H18
16.2 M8D25H18
2.7 M8 D22 H22
4.9 M7 D 8 H 1
3.6 M8D18H21
3.5 M6D20H15
28.7 M6 D27 H 3
16.4 MS D 9 H21
5.6 M7 D31 H 6
8.3 M7 D 1 H14
48.8 M8D10H15
10.7 M7D8H12
2.3 M6D6H18
18.5 M8D4H11
3.0 M8 D25 H 6
2.8 M6D15HO
10.7 M7D25H5
71.3 M7D26H21
48.3 M8D17H23
2.2 M8 D22 H 6
18.5 M8D18H12
8.3 M7 D29 H 0
13.5 M8D22HO
9.0 M6D13H23
17.0 M8D5H23
1.0 M6D23H5
1.7 M8D3H10
3.0 M7 D14 H12
6.5 M6D17H15
1.5 M7D29H14
288.5 M7D31H13
9.8 M8 D27 H 0
2.7 MS D22 H22
4.9 M7 D 8 H 1
6.5 M6 D 5 H 5
13.3 MS D30 H23
6.6 M6 D 1 H 7
12.6 M8 D31 H 5
7.7 M8 D28 H 0
11.0 M9D26H5
9.9 M9 D12 H 5
20.2 M9 D26 H16
10.0 M7D8H12
9.3 M9 D 5 H12
5.1 M7D8H12
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
2.1
1.0
3.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
2.6
2.0
0.7
0.9
2.4
1.1
0.3
0.9
0.3
0.3
2.4
6.9
3.3
0.6
3.7
1.6
1.6
1.1
2.3
0.2
0.4
0.7
1.4
0.3
7.3
1.7
0.4
0.5
0.2
1.8
0.6
1.3
1.0
1.7
1.8
3.1
1.5
1.6
0.7
5-8 am
STD
2.8
1.1
3.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.4
2.7
1.9
0.8
0.9
0.4
1.2
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.4
2.4
5.6
3.4
0.6
4.2
1.6
1.5
1.2
2.6
0.3
0.4
0.7
1.5
0.2
1.6
1.9
0.5
0.6
0.6
2.1
0.9
2.1
1.2
2.2
2.1
3.7
1.4
1.6
0.4
Daily
Max.
2.8
2.4
4.8
0.6
0.9
0.8
.0.6
4.6
3.0
1.1
1.4
5.3
1.9
0.4
3.4
0.4
0.5
2.5
12.4
7.6
0.7
4.2
1.7
3.0
1.3
2.8
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.8
0.3
31.8
1.8
0.6
0.9
0.6
2.5
0.9
2.0
1.5
2.2
2.1
4.2
1.8
1.4
0.7
114 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13, PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Slte
0-XYLENE (ppbC) - (continued)
San Joaquin-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB-Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB-Upland
Springfield-Agawam
Sprlngfield-Chlcopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-Simi Valley
Washington-McMillan Reserv
Washington-Fort Meade
Washington-Lums Pond
STYRENE (ppbC)
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Composite average
Baltimore-Fort Meade
Baltimore-Morgan State
Baltimore-Aldino
Baltimore-Lums Pond
Baton Rouge-Pride
Baton Rouge-New Pride
Baton Rouge-Capitol
Boston-Lynn
Boston-Newbury
Connecticut-E. Hartford
Connecticut-Stafford
Connecticut-Cape Biz., ME
El Paso-N. Campbell
El Paso-Chamizal
Houston-Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan-Braldwood
Lake Michigan-Chicago
Lake Michigan-Chicago-Jardine
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
All
All
2
2
4
4
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
CO CO IO
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
*OBS
All Hrs.
111 3-hr
105 3-hr
438 3-hr
868 3-hr
172 3-hr
181 3-hr
221 3-hr
1163-hr
11831-hr
1560 1-hr
659 1-hr
943-hr
103 3-hr
1995 1-hr
734 1-hr
973-hr
1895 1-hr
1493 1-hr
Sites = 14
Sites = 10
Sites = 3
Sites = 3
Sites = 5
97 3-hr
1549 1-hr
240 3-hr
1493 1-hr
221 3-hr
200 3-hr
645 3-hr
6883-hr
1813 1-hr
675 1-hr
902 1-hr
550 1-hr
1687 1-hr
10691-hr
19371-hr
1751 1-hr
47 3-hr
1004 1-hr
1699 1-hr
1073-hr
132 3-hr
1393-hr
5-8 am
STD
283-hr
273-hr
61 3-hr
103 3-hr
223-hr
243-hr
28 3-hr
15 3-hr
168 1-hr
195 1-hr
104 1-hr
25 3-hr
253-hr
248 1-hr
91 1-hr
123-hr
239 1-hr
186 1-hr
12 3-hr
178 1-hr
30 3-hr
186 1-hr
28 3-hr
253-hr
81 3-hr
85 3-hr
239 1-hr
1181-hr
1101-hr
59 1-hr
210 1-hr
131 1-hr
251 1-hr
204 1-hr
473-hr
134 1-hr
234 1-hr
363-hr
33 3-hr
36 3-hr
__Mtans
All
Hrs.
2.5
5.4
8.2
8.1
6.4
6.1
7.2
1.3
0.9
1.8
0.5
1.6
3.9
1.6
2.0
2.0
0.2
0.4
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.7
1.6
1.5
0.2
1.2
0.9
1 0
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.6
2.9
0.1
1.9
1.3
1.2
1.2
0.8
1.8
1.9
5-8am
STD
4.3
9.1
8.7
8.8
8.1
8.7
10.8
1.3
1.1
2.3
0.6
2.8
8.2
2.1
2.8
2.3
0.5
0.6
1.0
1.2
0.9
0.8
i!e
0.2
1.8
1.1
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.5
4.0
0.1
1.7
1.3
1.4
1.9
0.8
2.5
2.2
Daily
Max.
4.0
9.2
11.7
14.2
10.2
10.9
12.6
2.0
1.9
5.2
1.5
2.8
8.0
4.5
4.8
3.3
0.9
1.2
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.9
2.4
•| 7
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.4
0.4
1.7
0.8
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.3
1.2
6.9
0.4
2.6
1.3
3.9
6.8
1.5
3.1
3.1
P-h
of<
23
5
6
21
6
6
21
23
23
0
23
6
6
21
22
21
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
2
0
1
0
5
0
0
5
20
6
6
6
0
! Absolute Max
Value Occured
10.0 M8 D12 H 5
28.0 M9D16H23
62.3 M8 D 1 H15
95.5 M8D15H3
17.0 M9 D15 H 6
15.6 M9D21H6
22.0 M7 D22 H 3
6.6 M7D29H11
4.5 M6D15H22
27.1 M8 D30 H 3
29.1 MS D 1 H 8
5.0 M9 D26 H 6
17.0 M9D14H6
17.8 M6D4H23
13.3 M8D7HO
11.5 M8D31H12
2.7 M8 D22 H22
4.9 M7 D 8 H 1
2.8 M8D10H12
4.5 M8D31H6
2.6 M8D19H6
3.7 M7 D 8 H 1
1.6 M7D4H21
0.9 M6 D29 H21
7.3 M8 D 9 H 6
3.0 M8 D 9 H21
5.1 M7 D31 H 6
3.4 M8D12H14
22.2 M8D10H15
46.3 M7D8H12
11.8 M8D1H19
214.0 MS D26 H 8
7.0 MS D 7 H 6
4.5 M7 D21 H20
2.2 M8D5H5
24.0 M6D5H12
80.1 M7D25H2
8.5 M8D19H15
17.2 M7D22H6
7.1 M7 D20 H15
Standard Deviation of
All
Hrs.
2.2
5.4
4.0
6.9
3.2
3.4
4.2
0.9
0.6
1.7
1.3
1.1
3.4
1.8
1.6
2.1
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
2.0
0.6
10.0
0.3
0.7
0.4
3.4
2.9
1.3
1.9
1.8
5-8 am
STD
2.5
5.2
3.5
8.3
3.9
3.2
4.1
0.7
0.7
1.3
0.3
0.9
3.6
2.1
2.3
2.8
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
18.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
3.4
2.9
0.9
3.0
1.9
Daily
Max.
2.6
5.4
7.2
13.6
3.1
2.7
4.1
1.3
0.9
5.0
4.6
0.8
3.7
3.4
3.1
2.8
0.6
0.9
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
0.8
2.3
7.4
1.8
24.6
0.8
0.9
0.4
5.8
10.1
1.7
2.8
1.8
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 115
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-13. PAMS Summer Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters, 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
STYRENE (ppbC) - (continued)
Late Michigan-Gary
Late Michigan-Milwaukae
Late Michigan-Harrington B
Late Michigan-Camp Logan
Late Mtehkjan-Manltowoc
Now "fork-Bronx Bot. Garden
Phtladelphia-Uims Pond
Philadelphia-East Lycoming
Phitadolphia-Rkler University
ProvMence-E. Providence
Sacramento-Del Paso
San Diego-El Cajon
San Diego-Overland
San Diegc-Alpina
San Joaquln-Clovis-Villa
San Joaquin-Golden St. Av.
South Coast/SEDAB-Pico Riv
South Coasl/SEDAB-Azusa
South CoastfSEDAB-Upland
Sprlnglleld-Agawam
Springlield-Chicopee
Springfield-Ware
Ventura Co.-EI Rio
Ventura Co.-SIml Valley
Year
995
994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
199
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994-1995
Parameter-Area-Site
TOTAL NMOC
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Boston - Lynn
Boston - Newbury
Lake Michigan - Chicago-Jardine
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chicopee
Washington - Corbin
ETHYLENE
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Boston - Lynn
Boston - Newbury -
Connecticut - E. Hartford
Connecticut - Stafford
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chicagc-Jard
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB- Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chicopee
Washington - Corbin
PROPYLENE
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Beaumont - PI. Arthur
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
#OBS
Anual
56
50
66
51
59
49
61
58
50
54
66
52
56
50
66
53
59
49
55
61
57
50
53
67
52
62
72
Summer
17
15
15
15
15
10
17
15
14
9
11
15
11
16
13
9
13
13
2
6
15
29
15
17
15
15
15
15
10
13
11
5
11
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
11
16
13
8
13
13
2
6
15
29
15
17
15
17
15
Means
Annual
403.4
218.9
162.3
247.3
132.7
215.8
802.8
356.7
416.0
478.2
52.7
41.4
10.2
5.6
3.5
5.4
5.4
7.7
4.3
4.3
3.4
4.5
6.6
1.5
2.1
7.6
4.4
17.6
Summer
188 1
473.5
222.1
133.7
371.0
106.5
169.5
131.1
290.6
30.7
67.5
170.5
320.9
926.4
567.0
579.6
460.1
353.7
44.9
327.4
317.4
52.0
33.3
1.5
9^6
6.9
2.8
4.5
1.4
1.8
0.1
1.0
n B
u.o
13.5
5^9
2.9
6.6
1.3
2.5
2^1
3 1
3.3
3.1
5.8
5.4
me
8.7
5.7
2^0
4.1
4.5
1.0
1.0
0.6
5.8
4.2
11.2
Absolute Max
Value
853.1
1061.0
849.0
743.6
1004.0
1300.0
1604.0
854.6
989.0
1919.0
151.0
108.0
46.2
38.8
8.8
21.7
34.7
40.0
14.5
28.3
19.0
15.9
21.0
9.9
6.0
190.4
14.7
119.1
Occured
M8D31
M2D25
M2D26
M8D30
M3D16
M8D12
M9D30
M11D17
M11 D23
M2D19
M5D6
M1 D8
M1 D9
M2D25
M2D8
M12D22
M3D16
M8D6
M1 D9
M9D18
M8D7
M2D8
M12 D21
M2D14
M11 D16
M3D28
M2D7
M4D3
Standard Deviation of
Annual
Mean
134.2
145.9
145.8
160.5
144.6
267.7
380.4
156.2
Summer
Mean
41 ^
*f 1 .0
175.9
87.9
84.4
208.2
56.1
97.7
57.9
393.9
7.1
Oc Q
£O.tJ
69.1
233.2
236.9
185.2
274.3
104.5
QA R
y*i-.o
11 n
....
297.2
415.5
26.5
21.0
8.1
5.9
1.9
4.1
6.1
9.6
3.0
5.2
4.3
3.1
5.3
1.7
1.4
23.9
3.2
24.6
343.6
140.8
19.6
18.2
1/3
.£.
5.0
4.6
1.7
4.3
0.7
0.8
o!o
0.6
0.7
0 c
O.O
4.9
1.5
10.0
0.4
1.2
1.3
0 -f
2.1
1.9
•i C
1.6
7.2
4.4
6.1
6.4
A Q
4.O
1.1
1.6
3.7
0.4
1.2
n ft
U.O
2.5
2.9
13.6
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 117
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994-1995 (continued)
P»r»meter-Area-Site
Boston - Lynn
Boston -Newbury
Connecticut - E Hartford
Connecticut -Stafford
Houston -Clinton Dr.
Laka Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chicago-Jard
Lake Michigan- Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Laka Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Rlv
South CoasVSEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chlcopee
Washington - CorWn
N-HEXANE
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge -Capitol
Beaumont -Pt. Arthur
Boston - Lynn
Boston -Newbury
Connecticut - E. Hartford
Connecticut- Stafford
Houston -Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chlcago-Jard
Laka Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Rlv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
Soulh Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield -Agawam
Springfield - Chicopee
ear
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
199'
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
Site
Type
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
#OBS
Anual
66
53
59
49
55
61
57
50
54
73
52
62
73
66
53
59
49
55
61
58
50
54
Summer
15
15
10
13
11
5
li
16
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
8
16
13
9
13
13
2
6
15
30
15
17
15
17
15
15
15
10
13
4
5
16
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
8
16
13
9
13
13
2
6
15
Means .
Annual
1.8
3.3
9.7
1.7
2.9
1.6
4.4
3.5
2.4
3.5
0.9
0.3
4.9
4.3
5.9
2.3
0.5
9.6
2.0
3.5
1.8
8.5
5.5
2.1
0.9
Summer
1.6
3.7
1.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
9.2
4.6
2.5
1.2
3.1
0.6
1.8
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.5
5.0
3.9
6.9
5.0
3.6
1.2
3.0
4.1
0.8
0.2
1.3
6.9
4.4
5.8
1.2
1.3
0.6
0.3
1.8
0.2
11.1
5.2
2.8
1.9
3.6
0.4
1.0
4.3
2.0
2.0
1.5
9.6
6.3
7.5
7.0
6.5
0.2
1.5
1.7
_J&bSDjU
Value
4.9
10.3
36.4
12.8
18.0
5.1
9.6
10.8
6.4
9.4
6.2
3.5
16.9
15.1
24.4
35.1
2.8
47.7
16.2
26.0
6.2
31.0
16.5
13.2
5.0
eJJax_
Occured
M2D8
M8D18
M10D18
M3D16
M8D6
M10D18
M2D2
M12D11
M1 D9
M8D18
M10 D24
M1 D2
M12D5
M10D17
M4D3
M12D11
M7D25
M9D12
M3D16
M11 D16
M10D18
M11D23
M11D17
M10D18
M5D14
...StandardJJeviatiorLQL
Annual
Mean
1.0
1.9
7.9
2.1
3.7
1.0
2.1
1.9
1.3
2.3
1.2
0.8
4.2
2.8
4.4
5.8
0.7
7.3
2.5
4.7
1.4
6.1
3.1
2.6
1.2
Summer
Mean
0.9
2.8
0.3
0.4
n £
u.o
0.3
ft ft
u.u
5.4
1.6
2.1
0.6
4.4
0.3
0.5
0.8
•j -j
07
f\ Q
U.o
1.3
1C
.O
5.1
1.6
1 *3
l.O
0.5
1.1
2.2
0.6
0.7
0.8
3.4
2.7
2.6
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
1.7
0.3
5.8
2.2
2.9
1.0
4.5
0.2
ft A
\JA
9.6
1Q
.y
1.6
0.5
2.8
2.5
1.8
. 1.7
2.0
0.2
0.9
0.9
118 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
Washington -Corbin
ISOPRENE
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Beaumont - Pt. Arthur
Boston - Lynn
Boston - Newbury
Connecticut -E. Hartford
Connecticut -Stafford
Houston -Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chicago-Jard
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chlcopee
Washington - Corbin
2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge -Capitol
Beaumont - Pt. Arthur
Boston - Lynn
Boston - Newbury
Connecticut- E. Hartford
Connecticut - Stafford
Houston -Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chicago-Jard
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1QQ4
I3o*f
1995
1994
Site
Typ
1
1
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
#OBS
Anual
74
52
56
50
66
53
59
49
55
60
58
50
54
63
52
56
50
66
53
59
41
55
61
Summer
29
15
17
15
15
15
15
15
10
13
3
5
7
16
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
10
15
11
9
13
13
2
6
15
25
15
17
15
15
15
15
15
10
13
3
5
16
17
18
15
6
9
2
17
17
15
11
16
13
Means
Annual
0.6
1.1
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.9
2.3
0.6
0.3
1.0
1.1
1.6
1.2
2.5
6.6
5.1
6.4
2.6
3.9
10.4
2.7
3.8
1.7
7.6
Summer
0.9
0.0
13.5
4.1
3.2
1.7
4.1
3.6
2.1
1.2
1 *>
I ,£.
5.5
C C
O.O
4.0
1.0
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.2
n q
U.O
4.4
q o
O.£
3.0
q n
o.u
1.7
1 9
I ,£.
1.3
4.3
1 9
di.7
1.4
3.8
10.6
13.5
n R
U.D
8.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
20.3
1.5
0.3
1 fi
I .O
0.1
1.7
C Q
O.O
3.3
2.5
7.5
0.4
0.3
1.8
1.8
1.5
8.0
6.6
Absolute Max
Value
3.8
11.1
7.8
5.6
11.6
8.3
9.2
13.9
1.6
2.5
6.5
3.1
17.3
10.1
9.7
76.2
21.3
15.3
19.4
21.7
44.9
24.9
32.0
6.0
21.6
Occured
M1D21
M10D17
M8D25
M7D25
M 4 D21
M8D1
M7D25
M6D26
M3D16
M8D6
M7D14
M9D6
M8D31
M3D22
M7D7
M5D6
M7D25
M3D16
M2D25
M1D15
M6D19
M3D16
M8D6
M10D18
M11 D23
. Standard Deviation of
Annual
Mean
0.8
2.2
1.9
1.6
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.3
0.2
0.5
1.5
0.7
2.4
1.9
2.3
12.3
6.2
3.6
2.8
3.4
12.7
4.0
6.0
1.3
' 4.8
Summer
Mean
0.8
0.0
9.6
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.6
2.9
i.y
12
1.8
3.6
4.3
3.6
0.8
24
, I
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.3
q c
O.Q
7.9
1.8
2.1
0.6
0.4
0.4
4.0
0.6
0.3
1.1
11^2
5.4
0.5
2.4
1.0
0.8
1.6
16.6
2.8
0.5
2.3
0.3
•1 H
1 . 1
2.0
4.8
2.3
12.1
0.2
0^4
•"
1.9
1.5
0.6
22
2.7
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 119
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameler-Area-Siti
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
Soulh Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Sprtngllold-Agawam
Springfield - Chlcopee
Washington -CorWn
FORMALDEHYDE
Baltimore -Essex
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
New\brk- Bronx Botanical G
Philadelphia - East Lycomlng
Providence - E. Providence
San Diego - El Cajon
Soulh Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
Ventura Co. -Siml Valley
ACETALDEHYDE
Baltimore - Essex
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
New York - Bronx Botanical G
Philadelphia - East Lycomlng
Providence - E. Providence
San Diego -El Cajon
Soulh Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
Soulh Coasl/SEDAB - Azusa
Ventura Co. -Simi Valley
M/P XYLENE
Baltimore -Essex
Baltimore - Morgan State
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Beaumont -Pt. Arthur
Boston -Lynn
Boston -Newbury
Connecticut - E. Hartford
Connecticut -Stafford
Houston -Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chlcago-Jard
ear
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
994
995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
199'
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199'
199
199'
199
199'
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
Site
ype
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
#08
Anual
58
50
54
72
52
52
56
28
31
52
56
28
31
53
58
62
46
58
57
66
53
60
58
S
Summer
9
13
13
2
6
15
29
15
12
14
78
15
15
4
13
14
9
9
3
8
12
14
78
11
15
4
13
14
9
9
3
8
14
14
10
13
15
12
15
15
15
15
10
13
5
16
15
18
Mea
Annual
5.7
5.9
7.6
0.4
0.5
2.2
2.3
4.0
4.2
2.2
2.3
1.9
1.5
2.8
2.8
5.1
1.8
3.3
3.0
8.9
7.8
4.6
4.7
3.5
4.5
2.6
4.8
9.3
13.6
Bfi_-
Summer
6.8
7.4
7.1
0.0
1.4
4.8
0.4
0.0
1.9
5.5
4.8
2.9
4.9
6.3
3.6
2.4
1.7
2.0
1.8
1.3
2.2
1.4
3.3
3.0
7.1
2.4
3.4
2.1
0.2
3.8
5.0
7.3
3.9
0.7
6.2
4.1
2.4
4.4
2.7
5.5
1.6
0.1
1.5
9.9
18.1
4.9
__lbsoiut
Value
15.6
45.5
27.2
3.4
3.4
20.7
4.8
7.9
14.6
9.7
5.3
3.6
18.8
6.8
8.1
19.0
5.4
7.2
6.0
60.3
33.2
19.0
12.6
60.4
36.3
7.0
17.1
34.4
53.1
&Jte_
Occured
M11 D17
M4D3
M10 D29
M1 D15
M11 D16
M5D27
M5D3
M8D30
M2D19
M7D14
M11 D28
M12D4
M5D27
M9D12
M2D19
M2D19
M7D14
M1 D20
M10D23
M5D21
M12D28
M1 D9
M4D8
M4D21
M10D23
M6D14
M4D2
M2D20
M7D13
Annual
Mean
2.8
7.7
10.1
0.6
0.9
2.7
1.0
1.7
2.7
1.5
1.1
0.7
2.5
1.4
1.4
3.4
1.0
1.6
1.7
10.3
6.0
3.3
2.7
7.8
4.8
1.4
3.6
6.7
10.0
syMiojLsL.
Summer
Mean
1.6
2.1
2.2
0.0
1.1
8.3
0.4
0.0
0.9
1.3
2.2
1.1
2.5
2.7
2.4
1.3
•| -j
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.5
1.7
3.1
1.4
1.3
•* ~7
\ .1
n n
U.U
1.2
4.9
2.8
1.3
0.5
3.2
1.7
0.7
3.4
1.6
2.0
0.9
0.5
3.3
2.5
12.7
3.7
120 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chicopee
Washington - Corbin
BENZENE
Baltimore - Essex
Baltimore - Morgan State
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge- Capitol
Beaumont - Pt. Arthur
Boston - Lynn
Boston - Newbury
Connecticut - E. Hartford
Connecticut - Stafford
Houston -Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chicago-Jard
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
San Diego - El Cajon
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chicopee
Ventura Co. - Simi Valley
Washington - Corbin
TOLUENE
Baltimore - Essex
Baltimore - Morgan State
Baton Rouge - Pride
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1/3
1/3
#OBS
Anual
59
49
55
50
54
66
52
53
58
62
73
66
53
46
58
59
49
55
27
61
58
50
54
28
69
52
53
58
Summer
15
14
9
11
17
15
11
10
13
2
6
15
28
15
14
14
10
17
15
17
15
15
15
10
13
11
5
11
7
15
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
11
8
16
13
9
13
13
2
6
15
7
28
15
14
14
10
17
Means
Annual
4.0
7.0
3.7
5.0
8.9
0.4
1.5
4.3
5.8
4.9
5.0
9.9
2.0
5.7
8.9
12.9
2.7
5.0
3.0
7.7
11.1
9.1
2.7
5.8
5.0
1.1
1.3
10.2
14.1
Summer
4.0
8.7
0.6
1.6
6.8
4.1
3.7
5.9
4.6
1.8
4.2
4.6
0.3
1.8
2.7
4.6
2.4
1.8
6.4
4.0
9.6
1.9
5.8
1.0
34.8
5.5
9.9
5.3
7.2
9.5
9.5
3.0
2.1
5.9
0.8
2.1
6.5
2.2
3.5
2.6
6.2
11.0
11.7
10.7
11.7
13.7
2.0
1.7
5.0
4.9
0.9
0.0
7.6
12.4
6.9
2.0
Absolute Max
Value
30.8
47.0
14.3
14.4
190.3
4.8
6.2
13.2
24.7
12.8
17.3
86.4
5.6
13.6
21.8
68.5
17.3
35.0
20.4
19.8
31.7
24.3
8.1
17.3
12.0
4.3
3.6
26.8
43.2
Occured
M3D16
M8D6
M10D12
M10D18
M2D13
M1 D27
M6D19
M11 D17
M12D28
M1 D9
M10 D23
M4D3
M2D8
M2D19
M11 D11
M9D17
M3D16
M8D6
M8D1
M1 D20
M12D5
M11 D17
M2D8
M2D19
M1 D20
M1 D21
M1 D8
M10D12
M12D4
Standard Deviation of
Annual
Mean
4.8
9.0
3.0
3.4
25.5
0.7
1.9
2.7
4.2
2.3
3.1
16.5
1.2
2.6
Summer
Mean
2.0
11.8
0.2
0.9
13.5
3.3
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.9
2.1
0.3
2.3
0.7
2.0
0.6
0.8
2.1
2.0
13.0
1.1
2.8
0.6
33.2
j 1.9
4.7
14.8
2.7
6.0
2.8
5.0
6.6
4.4
1.7
3.1
3.1
1.0
1.2
5.9
10.0
19.3
6.9
2.6
5.8
2.2
1.6
1.1
8.6
0.1
0.8
14.4
1.6
4.8
1.1
4.0
2.5
4.1
2.2
2.7
4.2
1.2
1.0
2.5
1.8
0.4
0.0
3.0
4.5
2.5
1.2
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 121
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994—1995 (continued)
Par«moter-Area-Slt8
Baton Rouge -Capitol
Beaumont - Pt. Arthur
Boston -Lynn
Boston -Newbury
Connecticut - E. Hartford
Connecticut -Stafford
Houston - Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chlcago-Jard
Late Michigan - Milwaukee
Laka Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
San Diego- El Cajon
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield -Chlcopee
Vantura Co. -Slml Valley
Washington - Cor bin
ETHYLBENZENE
Baltimore -Essex
Baltimore - Morgan State
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Beaumont - Pt. Arthur
Boston -Lynn
Boston -Newbury
Connecticut - E Hartford
Connecticut- Stafford
Houston -Clinton Dr.
Laka Michigan - Chicago
Laka Michigan - Cnicago-Jard
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
SOBS
Anual
62
73
58
57
66
53
60
58
59
49
55
28
61
58
50
54
29
65
52
53
58
62
73
58
57
66
53
60
58
59
49
55
Summer
15
17
15
15
15
15
10
13
11
5
11
16
15
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
11
8
16
13
9
13
13
2
6
15
7
28
15
14
14
10
17
15
17
15
15
15
15
10
13
11
5
11
16
15
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
11
Means
Annual
7.5
8.0
7.5
8.8
4.6
7.3
14.4
17.5
7.4
14.9
7.8
28.0
50.9
26.1
9.9
10.1
17.1
1.5
3.1
2.2
2.5
1.4
1.7
1.6
3.2
1.0
1.1
3.1
4.1
1.0
2.0
1.1
Summer
10.0
5.9
4.5
5.9
4.6
7.4
2.6
3.7
10.2
1.7
6.5
16.4
19.7
22.2
8.6
7.1
18.5
1.8
3.7
22.1
11.4
8.7
8.9
19.9
48.4
35.7
36.0
33.4
31.8
2.9
9.1
8.4
25.3
1.0
1.8
1.5
2.4
1.7
0.5
2.0
1.3
0.8
3.0
0.9
1.6
0.6
0.0
5.8
0.4
4.0
3.5
4.9
4.0
1.4
1.0
2.4
0.0
0.4
1.7
0.9
1.3
1.2
.™_MSPJHJ9JJI1L___.
Value
22.4
46.4
112.7
43.7
13.0
28.9
35.6
40.7
51.5
110.0
27.1
203.0
220.3
74.1
101.1
48.7
84.0
5.5
8.2
8.1
11.8
4.7
8.9
20.0
14.2
7.4
4.6
8.1
10.7
9.1
14.0
4.3
Occured
M1D9
M2D25
M10D12
M10D23
M6D14
M12 D22
M7D26
M10D5
M3D16
M8D6
M10D12
M6D25
M2D2
M11 D17
M5D15
M2D13
M7D22
M1 D21
M12D28
M10D12
M12D28
M6D2
M2D25
M4D21
M10 D23
M12 D29
M12 D22
M2D20
M10D5
M3D16
M8D6
M10D12
-StemtaLD!
Annual
Mean
4.9
6.3
14.7
7.5
2.7
5.3
6.8
9.2
8.4
19
6.3
36.1
39.8
13.5
14.6
8.2
15.6
1.4
1.9
1.8
2
1
1.2
2.8
1.5
0.9
1
2
2.2
1.3
2.6
0.9
MalLojLoL.
Summer
Mean
5.1
2.5
1.2
3.1
3.1
2.8
1.5
1.6
5.4
0.9
2.6
6.7
9.7
5.1
5.6
3.9
27.5
0.5
1.9
45.2
9.3
7.5
3.4
11
27.5
13.8
7.8
8.2
9.7
0
6.6
3.1
26.4
0.6
2
1.2
1.1
0.6
0.5
1.2
0.7
0.6
0
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.2
1.6
0.9
3.2
1.5
2.5
1.4
1.1
0.6
3.5
0
0.4
3
1
1
0.5
122 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Site
San Diego - El Cajon
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield -Chicopee
Ventura Co. - Sim! Valley
Washington - Corbin
0-XYLENE
Baltimore - Essex
Baltimore - Morgan State
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Beaumont -Pt. Arthur
Boston - Lynn
Boston -Newbury
Connecticut - E. Hartford
Connecticut - Stafford
Houston - Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chicago-Jard
Lake Michigan - Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
San Diego - El Cajon
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Riv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB - Upland
Springfield - Agawam
Springfield - Chicopee
Ventura Co.- Siml Valley
Washington - Corbin
STYRENE
Baltimore - Essex
Baltimore - Morgan State
Baton Rouge - Pride
Baton Rouge - Capitol
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1/3
1/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1/3
1/3
2
2
#OBS
Anual
28
61
58
50
54
29
71
52
62
73
58
57
66
53
60
58
59
49
55
28
61
58
50
54
29
68
52
53
58
58
72
Summer
8
16
13
9
13
13
2
6
15
7
29
15
14
10
17
15
17
15
15
15
15
10
13
11
5
11
16
15
17
18
15
14
9
11
17
17
15
11
8
16
13
9
13
13
2
6
15
7
30
15
14
14
10
17
15
17
Means
Annual
3.1
6.9
4.2
2
2.1
2.6
0.1
0.4
3.8
2.2
2.2
2
3
1.4
1.2
3.7
4.5
1.4
2.7
1.5
4.8
9
5.4
2.5
2.1
3.2
1.5
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.8
1.2
Summer
2.4
9.5
5.8
6.5
5.5
5.1
0.5
1.5
1.3
2.4
0.1
0.7
4.4
2
0.8
2.9
1.7
0.9
3
1.5
1.9
1.5
0.2
3.2
0.6
2.8
3.7
4.8
5.2
1.9
1.3
3.2
0
0.7
3
1.8
1.6
1.4
3.9
11.4
8.8
6.8
6.8
6.5
0.8
2.1
1.4
4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.8
4.6
0.7
0.6
0.9
Absolute Max
Value
7.2
31.3
11.7
11.9
25.5
4.8
3.2
3.9
31
6.2
10.6
38.8
7.3
9.6
5.9
13
13.5
11.1
16
5.6
11.2
33.5
14.6
5.2
10.7
7.2
78.8
5
2.8
10.7
11
5.6
Occured
M1D8
M7D14
M11 D17
M12D5
M2D13
M1 D20
M5D12
M6D19
M8D25
M1 D9
M2D25
M4D21
M10D23
M11 D17
M12 D22
M5D9
M10D5
M3D16
M8D6
M8D31
M1 D20
M7D14
M11 D17
M4D9
M3D3
M1 D20
M10D30
M6D19
M10D12
M5D2
M1 D9
M12 D28
Standard Deviation of
Annual
Mean
1.5
5.6
2.3
1.9
3.5
0.6
0.4
0.8
5.7
1.2
1.5
5.1
0.6
1.2
1.3
2.9
2.6
1.8
3.0
1.1
2.8
6.1
2.8
1.6
2.3
1.8
9.5
0.9
0.5
1.5
1.4
1.0
Summer
Mean
0.0
7.9
2.3
2.5
1.4
1.5
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.0
0.2
1.2
8.7
0.7
0.7
1.2
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.9
1.1
1.4
0.3
3.9
0.9
3.4
1.5
2.4
2.0
1.4
0.8
4.0
0.1
0.3
4.9
1.3
1.4
0.7
1.8
6.9
4.6
1.6
1.7
1.9
0.6
1.0
0.6
1.7
0.6
1.3
0.2
0.4
2.4
1.0
0.3
0.9
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 123
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-14. PAMS Summary Statistics for Selected Parameters (24-hour samples), 1994-1995 (continued)
Parameter-Area-Slte
Beaumont -Pt. Arthur
Boston -Lynn
Boston -Newbury
Connoctlcut- E Hartford
Connecticut -Stafford
Houston - Clinton Dr.
Lake Michigan - Chicago
Lake Michigan - Chlcagc-Jard
Lako Michigan -Milwaukee
Lake Michigan - Harrington B
Lake Michigan - Camp Logan
Providence - E. Providence
San Diego - El Cajon
South Coast/SEDAB - Pico Rlv
South Coast/SEDAB - Azusa
South Coast/SEDAB- Upland
Springfield -Agawam
Springfield - Chlcopee
Ventura Co. - Simi Valley
Washington - Corbln
Year
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
1995
1994
Site
Type
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
SOBS
Anual
58
57
66
53
60
58
52
42
55
28
58
57
50
54
29
73
52
Summer
15
15
15
15
10
13
11
5
11
16
15
17
18
12
8
9
8
17
17
15
11
8
15
7
9
12
6
2
6
15
7
30
15
Means
Annual
1.1
3.2
1.0
3.0
1.4
3.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
1.2
5.5
2.4
2.9
4.7
1.0
1.2
0.3
Summer
0.3
3.0
1.5
5.9
1.1
0.2
11.9
0.0
11.4
0.9
3.9
1.3
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.2
2.3
1.8
0.3
0.3
1.0
4.3
2.8
7.3
5.8
2.8
1.2
3.7
5.4
1.1
0.5
0.9
__^M^pJMteJte__
Value
5.1
10.6
3.6
28.5
12.8
13.8
4.8
4.0
1.6
3.2
39.0
14.2
10.4
65.2
4.0
63.2
7.0
Occured
M4D15
M10D23
M6D2
M8D18
M2D20
M11 D4
M3D16
M10D11
M1D21
M1 D20
M10D24
M9D30
M5D15
M2D19
M6D25
M10D18
M6D19
JMDdMJMMiPJLOjL.
Annual
Mean
1.4
1.2
0.8
5.4
2.1
2.0
0.6
0.9
0.3
0.8
6.5
2.9
3.1
9.8
0.9
7.4
1.1
Summer
Mean
0.4
0.0
0.8
8.5
1.0
0.3
2.2
0.0
3.5
1.3
2.1
1.2
0.9
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.2
2.2
1.8
0.1
0.2
0.6
4.6
1.1
5.4
4.8
1.4
0.1
2.3
7.5
0.8
0.5
1.9
Notts:
1. Only data reported to AIRS are Included In this report. EPA is aware that several reporting organizations were unable (due to software problems) to report undetected
spedated VOC detail as zero; since these 'missing' data are not Included in the tabulations, some levels may be overstated.
2. Annual statistics and absolute maxima infoimation are only shown for sites that reported in at least 10 months of the year. Summer statistics are only shown for sites that
reported In at least 2 months of the summer ozone season. The summer ozone season is June-August for all States but CA; in CA the season is July-September.
124 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-15. Condensed Nonattainment Areas List(a)
State
1 AK
2 AK
3 AK
4 AL
5 AZ
6 AZ
7 AZ
8 AZ
9 AZ
10 AZ
11 AZ
12 AZ
13 AZ
14 AZ
15 AZ
16 AZ
17 CA
18 CA
19 CA
20 CA
21 CA
22 CA
23 CA
24 CA
25 CA
26 CA
27 CA
28 CA
29 CA
30 CA
31 CA
32 CA
33 CA
34 CO
35 CO
36 CO
37 CO
38 CO
39 CO
40 CO
41 CO
42 CO
43 CO
44 CT
45 DC-MD-VA
46 DE
47 GA
48 GA
49 GU
50 GU
51 IA
52 ID
53 ID
54 ID
55 ID
Area Name(b)
Anchorage
Fairbanks
Juneau
Birmingham
Ajo
Bullhead City
Douglas
Miami-Hayden
Morenci
Nogales
Paul Spur
Payson
Phoenix
Rillito
San Manuel
Yuma
Chico
Coachella Valley
Imperial Valley
Lake Tahoe South Shore
Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin
Mammoth Lakes (in Mono Co.)
Mono Basin (in Mono Co.)
Monterey Bay
Owens Valley
Sacramento Metro
San Diego
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose
San Joaquin Valley
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Searles Valley
Southeast Desert Modified AQMA
Ventura Co.
Aspen
Canon City
Colorado Springs
Denver-Boulder
Fort Collins
Lamar
Longmont
Pagosa Springs
Steamboat Springs
Telluride
Greater Connecticut
Washington
Sussex Co
Atlanta
Muscogee Co.
Piti Power Plant
Tanguisson Power Plant
Muscatine Co.
Boise
Bonner Co.(Sandpoint )
Pinehurst
Pocatello
Pollutant(c)
03 CO S02 PM-10 Pb N02
1 . 1 . .
.1 . . . .
1
1 . ....
11..
1
11..
21
1 ...
1
1
1
1 1 . 1 . .
1
1 ...
1
1 ....
1
1
1 ....
11.2. l(e)
1
1
1 ....
1 . .
1 1 . 1
1 1 ....
1(f) ....
1 3 . 1 . .
1 ....
1
1 . ....
1 . ....
1
1
1 ....
1 . 1 . .
1 ....
1
1 ....
1
1
1 . .
1 . . 1 . .
1 ....
1 . ....
1 . ....
1 . .
1 ...
... 1 ...
1 ...
1
1
1
.1
Population(d)
03 CO S02 PM-10 Pb
222 .170
30 ..
. . 12
751 ...
6 6
.5
.13 13
3.3
8
19
1
8
2,092 2,006 .2,122
.0
5
55
72 . .
.183
. . 92
30 . .
13,000 13,000 .13,167
5
0
622 ....
18
1,639 1,097 . 1,041
2,498 2,348
. 3,630
2,742 946 . 2,742
370 ....
31
384 . - . .
669 . .
5
13
353 . . .
. 1,800 . 1,836
106 . . .
8
52 .
1
7
1
2,470 . 130
3,923 . .
113 ....
2,653 . . .
. 179
.23 . .
.126
27
2
46
All
222
30
12
751
6
5
13
3
8
19
1
8
2,122
0
5
55
72
183
92
30
13,167
5
0
622
18
1,639
2,498
3,630
2,742
370
31
384
669
5
13
353
1,836
106
8
52
1
7
1
2,470
3,923
113
2,653
179
23
126
27
2
46
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 125
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
TableA-15. Condensed Nonattainment Areas List(a) (continued)
State
56 ID
57 IL
58 IL-IN
59 IN
60 IN
61 IN
62 IN
63 IN
64 IN
65 KY
66 KY
67 KY-IN
68 LA
69 LA
70 MA
71 MA-NH
72 MD
73 MD
74 ME
75 ME
76 ME
77 ME
78 ME
79 Ml
80 Ml
81 MN
82 MN
83 MO
84 MO
85 MO-IL
86 MT
87 MT
88 MT
89 MT
90 MT
91 MT
92 MT
93 MT
94 MT
95 MT
96 MT
97 MT
98 NE
99 NH
100 NH
101 NJ
102 NM
103 NM
104 NM
105 NV
106 NV
107 NV
108 NY
109 NY
110 NY
Area Name(b)
Shoshone
Oglesby
Chicago-Gary-Lake County
Evansville
Marion Co.
Laporto Co.
Vermillion Co.
Vigo Co.
Wayne Co.
Boyd Co.
Muhlenberg Co.
Louisville
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
Springfield (W. Mass)
Boston-Lawrence-Worcester
Baltimore
Kent and Queen Anne Cos.
Hancock and Waldo Cos.
Knox and Lincoln Cos.
Lewiston-Auburn
Millinocket
Portland
Detroit
Muskegon
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Olmstod Co.
Dent
Liberty-Arcadia
St. Louis
Butte
Columbia Falls
Kalispell
Lame Deer
Lewis & Clark
Libby
Missoula
Poison
Ronan
Thompson Falls
Whiteflsh
Yellowstone
Douglas
Manchester
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester
Atlantic City
Anthony
Grant Co.
Sunland Park
Central Steptoe Valley
Las Vegas
Reno
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Essex Co. (White Mtn.)
Pollutant(c)
03 CO S02 PM-10 Pb NO.,
1
1
1 . 13..
1 . ....
1 . i(g) •
1 ...
1
1 ...
1 ...
1(h) .
1 ...
1 . ....
1
1 . ....
1 . .
1 . ....
1 . . . .
1 . ....
1 ....
1 . ....
1 . ....
1 ...
1
1
1 . . . . .
1 . 1
1 ...
1
1
1 - - 1(0 i(i) •
1
1
1
1
1 . 1(k) .
1
1 . 1
1
. . . 1
1
1
i . .
1
1 . ....
1 . ....
1 ....
1
1 ...
KD
1 ...
1 . 1
11.1..
1 . ....
1 . ....
1
03
.
7,887
165
.
•
834
582
168
812
5,501
2,348
52
80
67
221
441
159
2,390
.
.
222
183
319
8
255
874
1,189
1
Population(d)
CO S02 PM-10
12
4
. 476 625
.
. 206
. 107
17
. 106
.72 .
. 51 .
. 31 .
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
. 1 ,028
2,310 . 272
. 71
33
34
3
12
1
2
3
43 . 43
. 3
2
1
. . 4
5
.
.
.
2
. 28
.
2
258 . 741
134 . 255
.
Pb All
12
4
. 7,887
165
16 206
107
17
106
72
51
31
834
582
168
812
. 5,501
. 2,348
52
80
67
221
8
441
. 1,028
159
. 2,310
71
3 3
2 2
171 2,390
34
3
12
1
2 2
3
43
3
2
1
4
5
1 1
222
183
319
2
28
8
2
741
255
874
. 1,189
1
126 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
TableA-15. Condensed Nonattainment Areas List(a) (continued)
State
111 NY
112 NY
113 NY-NJ-CT
114 OH
115 OH
116 OH
117 OH
118 OH
119 OH
120 OH-KY
121 OH-PA
122 OR
123 OR
124 OR
125 OR
126 OR
127 OR
128 OR
129 OR-WA
130 PA
131 PA
132 PA
133 PA
134 PA
135 PA
136 PA
137 PA
138 PA
139 PA
140 PA
Area Name(b)
Jefferson Co.
Poughkeepsie
New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island
Cleveland- Akron-Lorain
Coshocton Co.
Gallia Co.
Jefferson Co.
Lake Co.
Lucas Co.
Cincinnati-Hamilton
Youngstown-Warren-Sharon
Grants Pass
Klamath Falls
Lakeview
LaGrande
Medford
Oakridge
Springfield-Eugene
Portland-Vancouver AQMA
Altoona
Conewango Twp. (in Warren Co, PA)
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Warren-Pleas.-Glade (in Warren Co)
York
141 RA-DE-NJ-MD Philadelphia-Wilmingtdn-Trenton
142 PA-NJ
143 PR
144 Rl
145 TN
146 TN
147 TN
148 TN
149 TN
150 TX
151 TX
152 TX
153 TX
154 UT
155 UT
156 UT
157 UT
158 VA
159 VA
160 VA
161 WA
162 WA
163 WA
164 WA
165 WA
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Guaynabo Co.
Providence (all of Rl)
Benton Co.
Humphreys Co.
Shelby Co.
Nashville
Polk Co.
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria
Ogden
Salt Lake City
Tooqle Co.
Utah Co.
Norfolk-Virg. Beach-Newport News
Richmond
Smyth Co. (White Top Mtn.)
Olympia-Tumwater-Lacey
Seattle-Tacoma
Spokane
Wallula
Yakima
03
1
1
1
.
1
1(m
.
.
.
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
1
,
.'
Pollutant(c)
CO S02 PM-10 Pb N02
. .
1 . 1 . .
21..
1 ...
1 ...
11..
1 ...
1 ...
.
) ....
1 . 1
1 . . 1
1
. 1
1 . 1 . .
1
1
2 ....
• • • »
1
. ....
.
21..
• .
1 ...
1 . . .
1
• .
1 ...
1 ...
1(n)
1(0) .
1 . . .
• • *
1(p) .
1 . 1 . .
1 ....
11..
1 ...
1 . 1 . .
• * ...
• '
1
1 . 3 . .
1 . 1
1
1
o3
111
259
17,947
1,705
121
.
t
.
1,107
131
276
588
241
423
2,468
337
734
.
418
6,010
687
1,003
881
361
3,561
592
3,731
914
1,366
738
.
2,559
Population(d)
CO S02 PM-10 Pb
13,158 . 1,488
.1,683 1,412
.35 . .
.31 .
.80 4
.215
.462
17 . 17
18 . 18
3
. . 12
62 . 63
3
.157
1,172 .
5
. 446 75
. 17 .
. 92 .
85
.15 .
. 16
. 826
. 81
. 14 ' .
. 264
54 .515
63 .
.726 726
.27
85 . 264
. • ' »^
63
1,744 . 731
279 . 177
. . 47
54
All
111
259
17,947
1,683
35
31
80
215
462
1,705
121
17
18
3
12
63
3
157
1,172
131
5
276
588
241
423
2,468
337
734
17
418
6,010
687
85
1,003
15
16
826
881
14
361
3,561
592
3,731
63
914
27
264
1,366
738
63
2,559
279
47
54
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 127
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-15. Condensed Nonattainment Areas List(a) (continued)
State
166 Wl
167 Wl
168 Wl
169 Wl
170 Wl
171 WV
172 WV
173 WV
174 WY
Area Name(b)
Door Co.
Manitowoc Co.
Marathon Co.
Milwaukee-Racine
Onelda Co.
Follansbee
New Manchester Gr. (in Hancock Co)
Wier.-Butler-Clay (in Hancock Co)
Sheridan
Total
Pollutant(c)
03 CO S02 PM-10 Pb N02
1 . ....
1 ....
1 ...
1 . ....
1
1
1 ...
11..
1
68 31 43 81 10 1
03
26
80
.
1,735
•
109,794
Population(d)
CO S02 PM-10 Pb
. .
. 115
.32 .
3
.10 . .
.25 22
14
45,0895,269 30,943 1,545
All
26
80
115
1,735
32
3
10
25
14
126,957
Notes
(a) This Is a condensed listing of Classified Nonattainment areas. Unclassified and transitional nonattainment areas are not included. In
certain cases, footnotes are used to clarify the areas involved. For example, the lead nonattainment area listed within the Dallas-Fort
Worth ozone nonattainment area is in Frisco, Texas, which is not in Dallas county, but is within the designated boundaries of the ozone
nonattainment area. Readers interested in more detailed information should use the official Federal Register citation (40 CFR 81).
(b) Names of nonattainment areas are listed alphabetically within each state. The largest city determines which state is listed first in the case
of multiple-city nonattainment areas. When a larger nonattainment area, such as ozone, contains 1 or more smaller nonattainment areas,
such as PM-10 or lead, the common name for the larger nonattainment area is used. Note that several smaller nonattainment areas may
be inside one larger nonattainment area, as is the case in Figure A-1. For the purpose of this table, these are considered one nonattain-
ment area and are listed on one line. Occasionally, two nonattainment areas may only partially overlap, as in Figure A-2. These are
counted as two distinct nonattainment areas and are listed on separate lines.
(c) The number of nonattainment areas for each of the criteria pollutants is listed.
(d) Population figures were obtained from 1990 census data. For nonattainment areas defined as only partial counties, population figures for
just the nonattainment area were used when these were available. Otherwise, whole county population figures were used. When a larger
nonattainment area encompasses a smaller one, double-counting the population in the All column is avoided by only counting the
population of the larger nonattainment area.
(e) NO, population same as O3 and CO.
(1) Carbon monoxide nonattainment area includes San Francisco county, and parts of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo,
Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma counties.
(g) Lead nonattainment area is a portion of Franklin township, Marion county, Indiana.
(h) Sulfur dioxide nonattainment area is a portion of Boyd county.
(!) PM-10 nonattainment area is Granite City, Illinois, in Madison county.
(j) Lead nonattainment area is Herculaneum, Missouri in Jefferson county.
(k) Lead nonattainment area is a portion of Lewis and Clark county, Montana.
(I) Ozone nonattainment area is a portion of Dona Ana county, New Mexico.
(m) Youngstown has been redesignated for ozone but not the rest of the MSA and the population has been adjusted accordingly.
(n) Lead nonattainment area is a portion of Shelby county, Tennessee.
(o) Lead nonattainment area is a portion of Williamson county, Tennessee.
(p) Lead nonattainment area is Frisco, Texas, in Collin county.
IMA for O3
INA torso:
Figure A-1. (Multiple NA areas within a larger NA
area) Two SO2areas inside the Pittsburgh-Beaver
Valley ozone NA. Counted as one NA area.
Figure A-2. (Overlapping NA areas) Searles Valley
PM-10 NA partially overlaps the San Joaquin Valley
ozone NA. Counted as two NA areas.
128 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995
Metropolitan Statistical Area
ABILENE, TX
AGUADILLA, PR
AKRON, OH
ALBANY, GA
ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY
ALBUQUERQUE, NM
ALEXANDRIA, LA
ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA
ALTOONA, PA
AMARILLO, TX
ANCHORAGE, AK
ANN ARBOR, Ml
ANNISTON, AL
APPLETON-OSHKOSH-NEENAH, Wl
ARECIBO, PR
ASHEVILLE, NC
ATHENS, GA
ATLANTA, GA
ATLANTIC-CAPE MAY, NJ
AUGUSTA-AIKEN, GA-SC
AURORA-ELGIN, IL
AUSTIN-SAN MARCOS, TX
BAKERSFIELD, CA
BALTIMORE, MD
BANGOR, ME
BARNSTABLE-YARMOUTH, MA
BATON ROUGE, LA
BEAUMONT-PORT ARTHUR, TX
BELLINGHAM, WA
BENTON HARBOR, Ml
BERGEN-PASSAIC, NJ
BILLINGS, MT
BILOXI-GULFPORT-PASCAGOULA, MS
BINGHAMTON, NY
BIRMINGHAM, AL
BISMARCK, ND
BLOOMINGTON, IN
BLOOMINGTON-NORMAL, IL
BOISE CITY, ID
BOSTON, MA-NH
BOULDER-LONGMONT, CO
BRAZORIA, TX
BREMERTON, WA
BRIDGEPORT, CT
BROCKTON, MA
BROWNSVILLE-HARLINGEN-SAN BENITO, TX
BRYAN-COLLEGE STATION, TX
BUFFALO-NIAGARA FALLS, NY
BURLINGTON, VT
CAGUAS, PR
CANTON-MASSILLON, OH
CASPER, WY
1990
Population
119,655
128,172
657,575
112,561
861,424
589,131
131,556
595,081
130,542
187,547
226,338
490,058
116,034
315,121
155,005
191,774
126,262
2,959,950
319,416
415,184
356,884
846,227
543,477
2,382,172
91,629
134,954
528,264
361,226
127,780
161,378
1 ,278,440
113,419
312,368
264,497
840,140
83,831
108,978
129,180
295,851
3,227,707
225,339
191,707
189,731
443,722
236,409
260,120
121,862
1,189,288
151,506
279,501
394,106
61,226
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
ND
ND
4
ND
4
8
ND
5
2
ND
8
ND
ND '
ND
ND
ND
ND
5
5
ND
ND
4
5
6
ND
ND
4
2
ND
ND
5
7
ND
ND
7
ND
ND
ND
6
4
5
ND
5
5
ND
3
ND
3
3
ND
3
ND
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
ND
ND
0.03
ND
0.04
ND
ND
0.07
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.07
0.03
0.01
ND
ND
0.00
0.03
ND
ND
0.13
0.02
ND
ND
0.03
ND
ND
ND
0.09
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
ND
0.02
ND
ND
ND
0.04
ND
ND
ND
NO
N02
AM
(ppm)
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.014
0.018
ND
0.023
0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.019
ND
ND
ND
0.021
0.029
0.026
ND
ND
0.018
0.010
ND
ND
0.029
ND
ND
ND
0.011
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.031
ND
ND
ND
0.024
ND
ND
ND
0.021
0.017
ND
ND
ND
03
2nd MAX
(ppm)
ND
ND
0.12
ND
0.11
0.10
ND
0.12
0.11
ND
ND
0.11
ND
0.11
ND
0.09
ND
0.15
0.12
0.12
ND
0.11
0.17
0.15
0.10
ND
0.13
0.15
0.08
0.12
0.12
ND
0.11
ND
0.13
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.12
0.10
0.15
ND
0.14
0.13
0.08
ND
0.11
ND
ND
0.12
ND
PM-10
WTDAM
(ugm)
ND
ND
26
ND
22
36
21
23
IN
IN
39
ND
23
ND
ND
25
ND
33
32
IN
ND
23
58
32
20
ND
26
20
16
ND
35
20
19
19
34
IN
ND
ND
40
26
20
ND
21
29
ND
24
ND
20
21
ND
31
19
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
ND
ND
71
ND
52
112
45
70
70
35
192
ND
62
ND
ND
71
ND
58
66
40
ND
41
160
73
51
ND
56
56
43
ND
78
35
35
43
95
36
ND
ND
95
58
61
ND
65
64
ND
49
ND
48
45
ND
66
42
S02
AM
(ppm)
ND
ND
0.009
0.001
0.005
ND
ND
0.010
0.008
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
0.003
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.008
ND
ND
0.006
0.006
0.006
ND
0.006
0.015
0.003
ND
0.006
IN
ND
ND
ND
0.007
ND
ND
ND
0.007
ND
0.001
ND
0.009
0.002
ND
0.006
ND
S02
24-hr
(ppm)
ND
ND
0.046
0.006
0.023
ND
ND
0.028
0.037
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.021
0.011
ND
ND
ND
0.011
0.023
ND
ND
0.034
0.031
0.018
ND
0.030
0.079
0.024
ND
0.016
0.027
ND
ND
ND
0.040
ND
ND
ND
0.034
ND
0.003
ND
0.051
0.006
ND
0.032
ND
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 129
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
CEDAR RAPIDS, IA
CHAMPAIGN-URBANA, IL
CHARLESTON-NORTH CHARLESTON, SC
CHARLESTON, WV
CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-ROCK HILL, NC-SC
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA
CHATTANOOGA, TN-GA
CHEYENNE, WY
CHICAGO, IL
CHICO-PARADISE, CA
CINCINNATI, OH-KY-IN
CLARKSVILLE-HOPKINSVILLE. TN-KY
CLEVELAND-LORAIN-ELYRIA, OH
COLORADO SPRINGS, CO
COLUMBIA, MO
COLUMBIA, SC
COLUMBUS, GA-AL
COLUMBUS, OH
CORPUS CHRISTI.TX
CUMBERLAND, MD-WV
DALLAS, TX
DANBURY, CT
DANVILLE, VA
DAVENPORT-MOLINE-ROCK ISLAND, IA-IL
DAYTON-SPRINGFIELD, OH
DAYTONA BEACH, FL
DECATUR. AL
DECATUR, IL
DENVER, CO
DES MOINES, IA
DETROIT, Ml
DOTHAN, AL
DOVER, DE
DUBUQUE, IA
DULUTH-SUPERIOR, MN-WI
DUTCHESS COUNTY, NY
EAU CLAIRE, Wl
EL PASO, TX
ELKHART-GOSHEN, IN
ELMIRA, NY
ENID, OK
ERIE, PA
EUGENE-SPRINGFIELD, OR
EVANSVILLE-HENDERSON, IN-KY
FARGO-MOORHEAD, ND-MN
FAYETTEVILLE, NC
FAYETTEVILLE-SPRINGDALE-ROGERS, AR
FITCHBURG-LEOMINSTER, MA
FLAGSTAFF, AZ-UT
FLINT, Ml
FLORENCE, AL
FLORENCE, SC
1990
Population
168,767
173,025
506,875
250,454
1,162,093
131,107
424,347
73,142
7,410,858
182,120
1,526,092
169,439
2,202,069
397,014
112,379
453,331
260,860
1,345,450
349,894
101,643
2,676,248
193,597
108,711
350,861
951,270
399,413
131,556
117,206
1,622,980
392,928
4,266,654
130,964
110,993
86,403
239,971
259,462
137,543
591,610
156,198
95,195
56,735
275,572
282,912
278,990
153,296
274,566
259,462
138,165
101,760
430,459
131,327
114,344
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
3
ND.
6
2
5
ND
ND
ND
5
5
4
2
8
6
ND
4
ND
5
ND
ND
6
ND
ND
ND
4
ND
ND
ND
10
6
7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
8
ND
ND
ND
3
5
4
ND
5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
ND
ND
0.01
0.02
0.01
ND
ND
ND
0.99(a)
0.00
0.06
ND
1.63(b)
0.01
ND
0.01
0.78(C)
0.14
ND
ND
0.69(d)
ND
ND
0.01
0.05
ND
ND
0.03
0.09
ND
0.11
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.19
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
N02
AM
(ppm)
ND
ND
0.011
0.020
0.016
ND
ND
ND
0.032
0.014
0.024
0.010
0.027
ND
ND
0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.023
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.035
ND
0.022
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.034
ND
ND
ND
0.015
ND
0.017
IN
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2nd MAX
(ppm)
.0.08
0.10
0.09
0.11
0.12
ND
0.11
ND
0.14
0.09
0.13
0.10
0.12
0.08
ND
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.13
ND
0.15
0.13
ND
0.10
0.12
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.14
ND
0.14
ND
ND
0.12
ND
0.13
0.10
0.09
ND
0.11
0.09
0.12
0.04
0.10
ND
ND
0.08
0.10
0.08
ND
PM-10
WTDAM
(ugm)
26
22
22
26
31
23
32
IN
39
26
34
IN
52
27
ND
43
28
31
26
27
35
IN
ND
24
28
21
25
30
33
IN
42
28
ND
ND
21
ND
ND
47
ND
18
ND
IN
22
34
IN
23
24
ND
IN
IN
22
ND
PM-10 S02
2nd MAX AM
(ugm) (ppm)
62
50
55
57
58
53
59
36
112
60
82
64
173
72
ND
137
54
83
56
56
81
52
ND
157
64
38
52
58
97
97
159
56
ND
ND
50
ND
ND
138
ND
43
ND
94
135
79
46
38
46
ND
32
46
49
ND
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.004
ND
ND
ND
0.009
ND
0.007
0.006
0.011
ND
ND
0.002
ND
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.004
ND
0.006
0.004
ND
ND
0.005
0.005
ND
0.011
ND
ND
0.006
ND
ND
ND
0.010
ND
0.004
ND
0.009
ND
0.015
IN
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.003
ND
S02
24-hr
(ppm)
0.044
0.011
0.019
0.025
0.016
ND
ND
ND
0.039
ND
0.027
0.025
0.050
ND
ND
0.015
ND
0.019
0.022
0.015
0.031
0.019
ND
0.022
0.017
ND
ND
0.024
0.019
ND
0.048
ND
ND
0.027
ND
ND
ND
0.054
ND
0.014
ND
0.050
ND
0.061
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.016
0.018
ND
130 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
TableA-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
FORT COLLINS-LOVELAND, CO
FORT LAUDERDALE, FL
FORT MYERS-CAPE CORAL, FL
FORT FIERCE-PORT ST. LUCIE, FL
FORT SMITH, AR-OK
FORT WALTON BEACH, FL
FORT WAYNE, IN
FORT WORTH-ARLINGTON, TX
FRESNO, CA
GADSDEN, AL
GAINESVILLE, FL
GALVESTON-TEXAS CITY, TX
GARY, IN
GLENS FALLS, NY
GOLDSBORO, NC
GRAND FORKS, ND-MN
GRAND JUNCTION, CO
GRAND RAPIDS-MUSKEGON-HOLLAND, Ml
GREAT FALLS, MT
GREELEY, CO
GREEN BAY, Wl
GREENSBORO-WINSTON-SALEM-HIGH POINT
GREENVILLE, NC
GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-ANDERSON, SC
HAGERSTOWN, MD
HAMILTON-MIDDLETOWN, OH
HARRISBURG-LEBANON-CARLISLE, PA
HARTFORD, CT
HATTIESBURG, MS
HICKORY-MORGANTON-LENOIR, NC
HONOLULU, HI
HOUMA, LA
HOUSTON, TX
HUNTINGTON-ASHLAND, WV-KY-OH
HUNTSVILLE, AL
INDIANAPOLIS, IN
IOWA CITY, IA
JACKSON, Ml
JACKSON, MS
JACKSON, TN
JACKSONVILLE, FL
JACKSONVILLE, NC
JAMESTOWN. NY
JANESVILLE-BELOIT, Wl
JERSEY CITY, NJ
JOHNSON CITY-KINGSPORT-BRISTOL, TN-VA
JOHNSTOWN, PA
JOPLIN, MO
KALAMAZOO-BATTLE CREEK, Ml
KANKAKEE, IL
KANSAS CITY, MO-KS
KENOSHA, Wl
1990
Population
186,136
1,255,488
335,113
251,071
175,911
143,776
456,281
1,361,034
755,580
99,840
181,596
217,399
604,526
118,539
104,666
103,181
93,145
937,891
77,691
131,821
194,594
1,050,304
107,924
830,563
121,393
291,479
587,986
1,157,585
98,738
292,409
836,231
182,842
3,322,025
312,529
293,047
1,380,491
96,119
149,756
395,396
77,982
906,727
149,838
141,895
139,510
553,099
436,047
241,247
134,910
429,453
96,255
1,582,875
128,181
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
5
7
ND
ND
ND
ND
5
3
8
ND
ND
ND
4
ND
ND
ND
5
5
6
5
ND
6
ND
5
ND
ND
3
7
ND
ND
3
ND
5
4
4
4
ND
ND
4
ND
5
ND
ND
ND
8
3
4
ND
2
ND
5
ND
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
ND
0.02
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.06
ND
0.03
0.19
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.03
ND
0.10
0.04
0.03
ND
ND
0.01
ND
0.02
0.04
ND
0.94(6)
ND
ND
0.09
ND
0.03
ND
ND
ND
0.05
0.18
0.06
ND
0.01
ND
0.03
ND
N02
AM
(PPm)
ND
0.011
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.017
0.023
ND
ND
ND
0.023
ND
ND
ND
ND
IN
ND
ND
ND
0.016
ND
0.017
ND
ND
0.020
0.017
ND
ND
0.004
ND
0.026
0.016
ND
0.020
ND
ND
ND
0.011
0.016
ND
ND
ND
0.026
0.018
0.015
ND
0.014
ND
0.020
ND
03
2nd MAX
(ppm)
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.07
ND
ND
0.11
0.14
0.15
ND
ND
0.20
0.12
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.15
ND
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.10
0.12
ND
0.13
0.11
0.15
ND
0.10
0.06
0.14
0.20
0.12
0.10
0.13
ND
ND
0.09
0.06
0.12
ND
0.10
0.10
0.13
0.11
0.10
ND
0.11
ND
0.13
0.13
PM-10
WTDAM
(ugm)
22
20
16
ND
26
ND
28
27
49
30
20
28
36
18
20
18
22
22
IN
IN
ND
28
19
38
IN
39
22
20
ND
23
21
ND
42
38
23
38
ND
ND
23
IN
29
20
17
ND
23
30
27
ND
26
ND
37
ND
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
47
48
30
ND
56
ND
101
60
120
63
38
78
157
39
34
40
48
54
52
59
ND
66
35
94
53
99
67
45
ND
51
45
ND
92
79
61
79
ND
ND
68
51
61
38
48
ND
87
59
61
ND
55
ND
104
ND
S02
AM
(ppm)
ND
0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.001
0.004
ND
ND
0.006
0.008
0.003
ND
ND
ND
0.002
0.003
ND
0.004
0.006
ND
0.001
ND
0.006
0.005
0.005
ND
IN
0.001
ND
0.006
0.012
ND
0.008
ND
ND
0.002
IN
0.006
ND
0.005
ND
0.008
0.010
0.012
ND
0.004
ND
0.005
ND
S02
24-hr
(ppm)
ND
0.008
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.004
0.010
ND
ND
0.089
0.039
0.011
ND
ND
ND
0.011
0.016
ND
0.018
0.025
ND
0.007
ND
0.020
0.020
0.023
ND
0.005
0.009
ND
0.053
0.058
ND
0.042
ND
ND
0.007
0.024
0.056
ND
0.044
ND
0.029
0.041
0.042
ND
0.016
ND
0.023
ND
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 131
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
KILLEEN-TEMPLE, TX
KNOXVILLE, TN
KOKOMO, IN
LA CROSSE, WI-MN
LAFAYETTE, LA
LAFAYETTE, IN
LAKE CHARLES, LA
LAKELAND-WINTER HAVEN, FL
LANCASTER, PA
LANSING-EAST LANSING, Ml
LAREDO, TX
LAS CRUCES, NM
LAS VEGAS, NV-AZ
LAWRENCE, KS
LAWRENCE, MA-NH
LAWTON, OK
LEWISTON-AUBURN, ME
LEXINGTON, KY
LIMA, OH
LINCOLN, NE
LITTLE ROCK-NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR
LONGVIEW-MARSHALL, TX
LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH, CA
LOUISVILLE, KY-IN
LOWELL, MA-NH
LUBBOCK. TX
LYNCHBURG, VA
MACON, GA
MADISON, Wl
MANSFIELD. OH
MAYAGUEZ, PR
MCALLEN-EDINBURG-MISSION, TX
MEDFORD-ASHLAND, OR
MELBOURNE-TITUSVILLE-PALM BAY, FL
MEMPHIS, TN-AR-MS
MERCED, CA
MIAMI, FL
MIDDLESEX-SOMERSET-HUNTERDON, NJ
MILWAUKEE-WAUKESHA, Wl
MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MN-WI
MOBILE, AL
MODESTO, CA
MONMOUTH-OCEAN, NJ
MONROE, LA
MONTGOMERY, AL
MUNCIE, IN
MYRTLE BEACH, SC
NAPLES, FL
NASHUA, NH
NASHVILLE, TN
NASSAU-SUFFOLK, NY
NEW BEDFORD, MA
1990
Population
255,301
585,960
96946
116,401
344,853
161,572
168,134
405,382
422,822
432,674
133,239
135,510
852,737
81,798
353,232
111,486
93,679
405,936
154,340
213,641
513,117
193,801
8,863,164
948,829
280,578
222,636
193,928
290,909
367,085
174,007
237,143
383,545
146,389
398,978
1,007,306
178,403
1,937,094
1,019,835
1,432,149
2,538,834
476,923
370,522
986,327
142,191
292,517
119,659
144,053
152,099
168,233
985,026
2,609,212
175,641
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
ND
4
ND
ND
ND
1
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
4
9
ND
ND
3
ND
3
ND
6
4
ND
12
6
8
ND
ND
ND
5
ND
ND
ND
6
ND
7
ND
5
5
4
7
ND
5
4
ND
1
ND
ND
ND
8
7
5
ND
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.04
ND
ND
0.10
ND
ND
0.00
ND
ND
0.06
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.06
0.06
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
ND
1.53(f)
ND
0.01
0.07
0.05
ND
ND
0.00
ND
ND
ND
1.20(g)
ND
ND
ND
3.1 0(h)
ND
ND
N02
AM
(ppm)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.015
0.006
ND
0.016
ND
ND
IN
0.027
ND
ND
0.008
ND
0.017
ND
ND
0.011
ND
0.046
0.022
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.027
0.012
0.015
0.019
0.024
0.019
ND
0.022
ND
ND
0.011
ND
ND
ND
0.013
0.014
0.025
ND
2nd MAX
(ppm)
ND
0.12
ND
ND
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.09
0.12
0.10
ND
0.14
0.09
ND
0.08
0.09
ND
0.11
0.11
0.07
0.11
0.15
0.21
0.13
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.10
ND
ND
ND
0.09
0.08
0.14
0.13
0.11
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.10
0.10
ND
ND
ND
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.14
PM-10
WTDAM
(ugm)
18
37
ND
ND
21
IN
23
21
33
ND
IN
57
46
ND
13
25
IN
29
27
25
34
ND
50
33
ND
22
24
ND
23
25
ND
ND
31
1.6
30
39
IN
22
28
IN
34
42
ND
36
26
ND
ND
16
IN
35
20
14
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
42
64
ND
ND
47
63
54
40
73
ND
55
272
177
ND
28
52
46
68
47
54
67
ND
156
70
ND
149
54
ND
55
61
ND
ND
76
30
72
89
54
51
72
88
67
111
ND
111
58
ND
ND
34
36
70
63
28
S02
AM
(ppm)
ND
0.010
ND
ND
ND
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.006
ND
ND
0.007
ND
ND
0.007
ND
0.004
0.006
0.003
ND
0.002
ND
0.004
0.014
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.005
ND
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.009
ND
ND
0.002
IN
ND
ND
ND
0.006
0.005
0.006
ND
S02
24-hr
(ppm)
ND
0.053
ND
ND
ND
0.026
0.018
0.015
0.018
ND
ND
0.036
ND
ND
0.033
ND
0.024
0.016
0.015
ND
0.008
ND
0.012
0.040
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.018
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.019
ND
0.004
0.018
0.025
0.037
0.053
ND
ND
0.007
0.018
ND
ND
ND
0.031
0.030
0.029
ND
132 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
NEW HAVEN-MERIDEN, CT
NEW LONDON-NORWICH, CT-RI
NEW ORLEANS, LA
NEW YORK, NY
NEWARK, NJ
NEWBURGH, NY-PA
NORFOLK-VIRGINIA BEACH-NEWPORT NEWS, VA
OAKLAND, CA
OCALA, FL
ODESSA-MIDLAND, TX
OKLAHOMA CITY, OK
OLYMPIA, WA
OMAHA, NE-IA
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
ORLANDO, FL
OWENSBORO, KY
PANAMA CIT, FL
PARKERSBURG-MARIETTA, WV-OH
PENSACOLA, FL
PEORIA-PEKI, IL
PHILADELPHIA, PA-NJ
PHOENIX-MESA, AZ
PINE BLUFF, AR
PITTSBURGH, PA
PITTSFIELD, MA
PONCE, PR
PORTLAND, ME
PORTLAND-VANCOUVER, OR-WA
PORTSMOUTH-ROCHESTER, NH-ME
PROVIDENCE-FALL RIVER-WARWICK, RI-MA
PROVO-OREM, UT
PUEBLO, CO
PUNTA GORDA, FL
RACINE, Wl
RALEIGH-DURHAM-CHAPEL HILL, NC
RAPID CITY, SD
READING, PA
REDDING, CA
RENO, NV
RICHLAND-KENNEWICK-PASCO, WA
RICHMOND-PETERSBURG, VA
RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO, CA
ROANOKE, VA
ROCHESTER, MN
ROCHESTER, NY
ROCKFORD, IL
ROCKY MOUNT, NC
SACRAMENTO, CA
SAGINAW-BAY CITY-MIDLAND, Ml
ST. CLOUD, MN
ST. JOSEPH, MO
ST. LOUIS, MO-IL
1990
Population
530,180
290,734
1,285,270
8,546,846
1,915,928
335,613
1,443,244
2,082,914
194,833
255,545
958,839
161,238
639,580
2,410,556
1,224,852
87,189
126,994
149,169
344,406
339,172
4,922,175
2,238,480
85,487
2,384,811
88,695
3,442,660
221,095
1,515,452
223,271
1,134,350
263,590
123,051
110,975
175,034
855,545
81,343
336,523
147,036
254,667
150,033
865,640
2,588,793
224,477
106,470
1,062,470
329,676
133,235
1,340,010
399,320
190,921
83,083
1,836,302
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
4
ND
4
8
8
ND
5
4
ND
ND
7
6
8
7
4
4
ND
ND
ND
6
6
10
ND
6
ND
ND
ND
7
ND
7
7
ND
ND
4
7
ND
4
ND
6
ND
3
6
5
ND
3
5
ND
7
ND
4
ND
5
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
0.06
ND
0.41
0.13
0.23
0.11
0.03
0.05
ND
ND
0.02
ND
6.57(i)
0.04
0.00
ND
ND
0.02
ND
0.03
10.2(j)
0.06
ND
0.10
ND
ND
ND
0.28
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.73(k)
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.04
ND
ND
0.04
0.03
ND
0.03
ND
ND
ND
6.54(1)
N02
AM
(ppm)
0.025
ND
0.021
0.042
0.039
ND
0.018
0.021
ND
ND
0.014
ND
ND
0.039
0.010
0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.032
0.033
ND
0.032
ND
ND
0.005
IN
0.012
0.022
0.023
ND
ND
ND
0.011
ND
0.021
ND
ND
ND
0.022
0.046
0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.022
ND
ND
ND
0.026
03
2nd MAX
(ppm)
0.17
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.15
ND
ND
0.12
ND
0.09
0.13
0.10
0.11
ND
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.14
0.13
ND
0.14
0.09
ND
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.10
ND
ND
0.11
0.11
ND
0.12
0.10
0.08
ND
0.12
0.23
0.09
ND
0.11
0.10
ND
0.15
ND
ND
ND
0.14
PM-10
WTDAM
(ugm)
26
17
29
51
35
ND
22
23
ND
IN
28
IN
34
44
25
29
24
IN
23
23
75
44
26
42
ND
24
34
29
IN
31
32
IN
ND
ND
24
39
26
20
47
IN
26
69
40
IN
24
19
23
28
IN
ND
33
46
PM-10
2nd MAX
(ugm)
76
47
66
93
77
ND
43
72
ND
38
77
65
115
144
41
79
58
56
54
52
295
160
62
193
ND
57
86
58
37
76
103
86
ND
ND
51
115
54
47
94
64
55
236
88
49
53
45
48
80
26
ND
101
106
S02
AM
(ppm)
0.008
0.005
0.007
0.015
0.007
ND
0.007
0.003
ND
ND
0.002
ND
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.007
ND
0.010
0.003
0.008
0.010
0.004
ND
0.017
ND
ND
0.006
IN
0.004
0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
ND
0.009
ND
ND
ND
0.005
0.003
0.003
ND
0.011
ND
ND
0.001
ND
ND
0.004
0.012
S02
24-hr
(ppm)
0.038
0.018
0.022
0.053
0.028
ND
0.028
0.008
ND
ND
0.006
ND
0.042
0.005
0.006
0.028
ND
0.041
0.027
0.110
0.040
0.020
ND
0.085
ND
ND
0.022
0.011
0.018
0.028
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.008
ND
0.033
ND
ND
ND
0.023
0.008
0.010
ND
0.049
ND
ND
0.005
ND
ND
0.043
0.083
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 133
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
SALEM, OR
SALINA, CA
SALT LAKE CITY-OGDEN, UT
SAN ANQELO, TX
SAN ANTONIO, TX
SAN DIEGO, CA
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
SAN JOSE, CA
SAN JUAN-BAYAMON, PR
SAN LUIS OBISPO-ATASCADERO-PASO ROBLE
SANTA BARBARA-SANTA MARIA-LOMPOC, CA
SANTA CRUZ-WATSONVILLE, CA
SANTA FE, NM
SANTA ROSA, CA
SARASOTA-BRADENTON, FL
SAVANNAH, GA
SCRANTON-WILKES-BARRE-HAZLETON, PA
SEATTLE-BELLEVUE-EVERETT, WA
SHARON, PA
SHEBOYGAN, Wl
SHERMAN-DENISON, TX
SHREVEPORT-BOSSIER CITY, LA
SIOUX CITY, IA-NE
SIOUX FALLS. SD
SOUTH BEND, IN
SPOKANE, WA
SPRINGFIELD, IL
SPRINGFIELD, MO
SPRINGFIELD, MA
STAMFORD-NORWALK, CT
STATE COLLEGE, PA
STEUBENVILLE-WEIRTON, OH-WV
STOCKTON-LODI, CA
SUMTER, SC
SYRACUSE, NY
TACOMA, WA
TALLAHASSEE, FL
TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG-CLEARWATER, FL
TERRE HAUTE, IN
TEXARKANA, TX-TEXARKANA, AR
TOLEDO, OH
TOPEKA, KS
TRENTON, NJ
TUSCON, AZ
TULSA, OK
TUSCALOOSA, AL
TYLER, TX
UTICA-ROME, NY
VALLEJO-FAIRFIELD-NAPA, CA
VENTURA, CA
VICTORIA, TX
VINELAND-MILLVILLE-BRIDGETON, NJ
1990
Population
278,024
355,660
1,072,227
98,458
1,324,749
2,498,016
1,603,678
9,771,577
1,836,302
217,162
369,608
229,734
117,043
388,222
489,483
258,060
638,466
2,033,156
121,003
103,877
95,021
376,330
115,018
139,236
247,052
361,364
189,550
264,346
587,884
329,935
123,786
142,523
480,628
102,637
742,177
586,203
233,598
2,067,959
147,585
120,132
•614,128
160,976
325,824
666,880
708,954
150,522
151,309.
316,633
451,186
669,016
74,361
138,053
CO
8-hr
(ppm)
6
2
7
ND
4
6
5
6
6
2
5
1
2
2
6
ND
3
7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3
11
3
4
8
5
ND
7
5
ND
3
6
ND
5
3
ND
3
ND
ND
6
4
ND
ND
ND
5
4
ND
ND
Pb
QMAX
(ugm)
ND
ND
0.06
ND
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.02
ND
ND
0.00
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.51
0.05
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ND
ND
0.05
0.00
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.25(m)
ND
ND
0.43
0.01
ND
0.02
0.09
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.00
ND
ND
N02
AM
(ppm)
ND
0.011
0.024
ND
ND
0.026
0.021
0.027
ND
0.013
0.021
0.005
ND
0.015
ND
ND
0.018
0.019
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.011
ND
ND
0.012
0.022
ND
ND
0.020
0.022
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.012
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.016
0.020
0.016
ND
ND
ND
0.015
0.024
ND
ND
2nd MAX
(ppm)
ND
0.08
0.12
ND
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.14
ND
0.10
0.13
0.09
ND
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.12
ND
0.10
ND
ND
0.11
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.14
ND
0.12
0.13
ND
0.10
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.10
ND
0.11
ND
0.13
0.11
0.12
ND
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.16
0.10
0.13
PM-10
WTDAM
(ugm)
ND
21
45
ND
22
47
IN
24
32
23
31
36
13
IN
26
ND
26
29
IN
ND
ND
24
IN
24
23
28
21
30
27
18
ND
40
IN
ND
24
27
ND
31
31
26
25
IN
24
41
23
27
20
19
19
31
ND
ND
PM-10 S02
2nd MAX AM
(ugm) (ppm)
ND
47
129
ND
42
118
48
62
69
97
64
85
34
46
60
ND
76
117
72
ND
ND
52
62
54
54
103
43
140
52
76
ND
161
127
ND
59
94
ND
77
68
55
68
65
45
106
70
63
51
42
51
73
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.005
ND
ND
0.004
0.002
ND
0.008
0.006
0.002
0.001
ND
ND
0.002
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.008
ND
ND
0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.011
ND
0.013
ND
ND
0.004
0.006
ND
0.008
0.010
ND
0.004
ND
ND
0.001
0.008
ND
ND
0.001
0.003
0.001
ND
0.004
S02
24-hr
(ppm)
ND
ND
0.034
ND
ND
0.015
0.005
ND
0.052
0.029
0.005
0.008
ND
ND
0'.012
0.023
0.045
0.020
0.032
ND
ND
0.004
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.062
0.082
0.031
0.032
ND
0.131
ND
ND
0.016
0.020
ND
0.061
0.035
ND
0.025
ND
ND
0.004
0.045
ND
ND
0.008
0.007
0.003
ND
0.016
134 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-16. Maximum Air Quality Concentrations by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1995 (continued)
NO,
PM-10 PM-10 SO,
SO,
Metropolitan Statistical Area
CO Pb
1990 8-hr QMAX AM 2nd MAX WTDAM 2nd MAX AM' 24-hr
Population (ppm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm) (ugm) (ugm) (ppm) (ppm)
VISALIA-TULARE-PORTERVILLE, CA 311,921 4 ND 0.023 0.13 54 120 ND ND
WACO.TX 189,123 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
WASHINGTON, DC-MD-VA-WV 4,223,485 6 0.03 0.026 0.13 23 74 0.009 0.023
WATERBURY, CT 221,629 ND 0.04 ND ND 24 58 0.005 0.019
WATERLOO-CEDAR FALLS, IA 123,798 ND ND ND ND 36 71 ND ND
WAUSAU.WI 115,400 ND ND ND 0.09 29 82 0.003 0.022
WEST PALM BEACH-BOCA RATON, FL 863,518 4 0.00 0.012 0.09 17 37 0.002 0.019
WHEELING, WV-OH 159,301 5 ND ND 0.10 30 78 0.014 0.075
WICHITA, KS 485,270 6 0.02 ND 0.10 34 102 0.004 0.006
WICHITA FALLS, TX 130,351 ND ND ND ND 20 57 ND ND
WILLIAMSPORT, PA 118,710 ND ND ND 0.09 28 59 0.006 0.027
WILMINGTON-NEWARK, DE-MD 513,293 5 ND 0.017 0.15 29 76 0.013 0.098
WILMINGTON, NC 171,269 ND ND ND ND IN 38 0.009 0.063
WORCESTER, MA-CT 478,384 4 ND 0.021 0.12 IN 39 0.006 0.023
YAKIMA, WA 188,823 7 ND ND ND 21 72 ND ND
YOLO, CA 141,092 3 ND ND 0.11 30 120 ND ND
YORK, PA 339,574 3 0.04 0.021 0.10 30 66 0.006 0.019
YOUNGSTOWN-WARREN, OH 600,859 ND ND 0.020 0.11 36 130 0.012 0.040
YUBACITY, CA 122,643 4 ND 0.014 0.11 23 110 ND ND
YUMA, AZ 106.895 ND ND ND 0.09 ND ND ND ND
CO = Highest second maximum non-overlapping 8-hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 9 ppm)
Pb = Highest quarterly maximum concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 1.5 ug/m3)
NO2 = Highest arithmetic mean concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 0.053 ppm)
O3 = Highest second daily maximum 1 -hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 0.12 ppm)
PM-10 = Highest weighted annual mean concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 50 ug/m3)
Data from exceptional events not included.
= Highest second maximum 24-hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 1SO ug/m3)
SO2 = Highest annual mean concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 0.03 ppm)
= Highest second maximum 24-hour concentration (Applicable NAAQS is 0.14 ppm)
ND = Indicates data not available
IN = Indicates insufficient data to calculate summary statistic
WTD = Weighted
AM = Annual mean
UGM = Units are micrograms per cubic meter
PPM = Units are parts per million
(a) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Chicago, IL. Highest population-oriented site in Chicago, IL is 0.08 ug/m3.
(b) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Cleveland, OH. This facility has been shut down. Highest population-oriented site in
Cleveland, OH is 0.06 ug/m3.
(c) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Columbus, GA. Highest population-oriented site in Columbus, GA is 0.68 ug/m3.
(d) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Collin Co., TX. Highest population-oriented "site in Dallas, TX is 0.19 ug/m3.
(e) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Indianapolis, IN. Highest population-oriented site in Indianapolis, IN is 0.09 ug/m3.
(f) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Memphis, TN. Highest population-oriented site in Memphis, TN is 0.05 ug/m3.
(g) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Muncie, IN.
(h) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Williamston, CO., TN. Highest population-oriented site in Nashville, TN is 0.08 ug/m3.
(i) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Omaha, NE. Highest population-oriented site in Omaha, NE is 0.21 ug/m3.
(j) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Philadelphia, PA. Highest population-oriented site in Philadelphia, PA is 0.74 ug/m3.
(k) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Laureldale, PA.
(I) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Herculaneum, MO. Highest population-oriented site in St. Louis, MO is 0.02 ug/m3.
(m) - Localized impact from an industrial source in Tampa, FL.
Note: The reader is cautioned that this summary is not adequate in itself to numerically rank MSAs according to their air quality. The monitor-
ing data represent the quality of air in the vicinity of the monitoring site but may not necessarily represent urban-wide air quality.
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 135
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995
Metropolitan Statistical Area
AKRON, OH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ALBUQUERQUE, NM
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
ALEXANDRIA, LA
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
ALtENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ALTOONA,PA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO. ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ANCHORAGE, AK
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
ANN ARBOR, MI
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
ANNISTON,AL
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
APPLETON-OSHKOSH-NEENAH, WI
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
ASHEVILtE,NC
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
ATLANTA, GA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ATLANTIC-CAPE MAY, NJ
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
AUGUSTA-AIKEN, GA-SC
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
Trend #Trend
Sites
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
5
1
6
9
g
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
4.1 4.9 4.8 6.1 5.4 3.2 4.5 2.6 3.7 2.7
0.10 0.13 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.03
0.11 0.13 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12
— — 72 72 61 59 57 62 62 63
__ 34 34 26 28 27 25 28 26
0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.010
0.052 0.051 0.049 0.054 0.056 0.052 0.053 0.047 0.040 0.042
6.6 7.5 6.2 5.7 6.2 5.4 4.7 3.8 5.2 4.3
0.11 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.13 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
0.10 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
_ _ 46 46 46 51 54 51 57 49
— — 22 22 22 22 21 20 22 19
0.009 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005
0.029 0.027 0.039 0.022 0.028 0.030 0.022 0.026 0.027 0.016
7.7 8.6 6.6 6.6 6.2 5.6 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.3
0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.004 0.021 0.024 0.023 0.018
0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09
— — 75 75 58 52 46 52 53 58
— — 35 35 26 23 24 25 24 25
__ 43 43 43 44 48 43 49 45
— — 23 23 23 22 25 21 23 21
5.0 4.7 6.8 4.8 5.3 5.3 3.8 3.6 6.6 4.7
0.33 0.43 0.84 0.44 0.24 0.27 0.18 0.12 0.11 0.06
0.021 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.018
0.12 0.12 0.15 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11
— — 63 63 74 62 38 60 64 57
• — — - 28 28 27 27 20 23 25 24
0.013 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.010
0.047 0.035 0.048 0.047 0.044 0.033 0.030 0.027 0.042 0.027
0.10 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11
— — 60 60 53 65 38 62 74 57
— — 25 25 21 26 21 23 26 25
0.011 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.008
0.065 0.051 0.051 , 0.059 0.062 0.044 0.046 0.052 0.058 0.037
— — 79 79 107 104 130 102 95 115
— — 26 26 31 30 31 28 27 26
0.12 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11
__ 64 64 64 78 45 69 44 62
— — 28 28 28 29 25 25 24 23
0.09 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08
— — 53 53 49 53 41 53 33 38
— — 29 29 25 24 23 22 19 18
5.9 5.9 5.3 6.2 5.4 6.5 5.1 4.9 5.3 4.5
0.10 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05
0.025 0.024 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.017
0.15 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.14
— — 73 73 96 78 61 72 61 55
_ _ 37 37 46 36 31 31 30 31
0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.004
0.028 0.035 0.041 0.043 0.025 0.032 0.027 0.036 0.023 0.019
0.25 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03
0.12 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.12
— — 69 69 59 71 51 58 56 66
— — 37 37 34 34 31 30 33 32
0.004 0.004 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
0.021 0.016 0.025 0.029 0.012 0.011 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.011
0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
136 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
AUSTIN-SAN MARCOS, TX
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
BAKERSFIELD,CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BALTIMORE, MD
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BANGOR,ME
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
BATON ROUGE, LA
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN .
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BEAUMONT-PORT ARTHUR, TX
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BELLINGHAM,WA
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BERGEN-PASSAIC, NJ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BILLINGS, MT
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BILOXI-GULFPORT-PASCAGOULA, MS
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BIRMINGHAM, AL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
BISMARCK, ND
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
BOISE CITY, ID
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
Trend #Trend
Sites
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
4
1
1
2
2
4
3
2
6
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
1
5
3
5
6
6
1
1
3
1986
0.09
—
—
0.10
—
—
7.9
0.027
0.15
—
—
0.004
0.014
9.7
0.15
0.031
0.13
—
—
0.011
0.039
—
—
0.20
0.018
0.13
—
—
0.011
0.040
3.4
0.05
0.14
—
—
0.008
0.043
0.007
0.024
10.0
0.22
0.030
0.12
—
—
0.012
0.045
0.023
0.109
0.006
0.022
7.0
1.17
0.12
—
—
—
—
~
1987
0.10
—
—
0.10
—
—
6.5
0.025
0.14
—
—
0.005
0.014
7.3
0.09
0.031
0.15
—
—
0.011
0.036
—
—
0.21
0.019
0.14
—
—
0.007
0.030
4.0
0.04
0.13
—
—
0.009
0.053
0.008
0.025
7.5
0.13
0.036
0.17
—
—
0.010
0.037
0.022
0.107
0.006
0.022
7.2
1.11
0.12
—
—
—
—
~
1988
0.12
49
21
0.11
44
25
7.4
0.027
0.15
158
65
0.006
0.018
7.7
0.08
0.030
0.17
73
36
0.012
0.038
54
26
0.10
0.017
0.15
57
28
0.007
0.029
3.0
0.03
0.15
48
23
0.008
0.046
0.005
0.026
6.8
0.09
0.036
0.19
70
35
0.012
0.052
0.021
0.108
0.006
0.022
7.2
1.75
0.12
62
31
51
21
107
1989
0.09
49
21
0.11
44
25
8.9
0.027
0.13
158
65
0.006
0.018
6.7
0.07
0.030
0.12
73
36
0.012
0.042
54
26
0.09
0.015
0.14
57
28
0.007
0.056
2.0
0.02
0.14
48
23
0.008
0.088
0.006
0.018
7.5
0.05
0.035
0.12
70
35
0.011
0.044
0.019
0.086
0.006
0.029
7.1
0.88
0.11
62
31
51
21
107
1990
0.10
53
22
0.11
43
21
8.4
0.026
0.13
165
69
0.005
0.013
6.9
0.05
0.029
0.12
69
30
0.008
0.030
37
21
0.06
0.014
0.15
56
28
0.005
0.022
2.3
0.02
0.12
48
23
0.009
0.041
0.007
0.028
6.8
0.04
0.031
0.13
83
37
0.010
0.041
0.016
0.070
0.007
0.037
6.8
0.66
0.12
69
35
84
24
67
1991
0.09
50
23
0.10
40
24
7.8
0.024
0.13
169
70
0.003
0.010
6.1
0.04
0.029
0.13
74
35
0.009
0.030
48
25
0.03
0.015
0.13
62
28
0.008
0.036
2.3
0.03
0.13
58
26
0.008
0.059
0.006
0.021
6.6
0.03
0.031
0.14
79
39
0.010
0.035
0.016
0.070
0.006
0.034
6.6
0.95
0.10
75
32
51
21
129
1992
0.08
42
22
0.09
48
23
5.5
0.022
0.12
104
55
0.003
0.009
5.4
0.04
0.026
0.12
59
30
0.009
0.026
70
22
0.03
0.016
0.11
57
27
0.008
0.033
2.4
0.02
0.13
53
26
0.006
0.044
0.007
0.022
4.5
0.02
0.030
0.10
60
33
0.009
0.040
0.021
0.081
0.006
0.020
6.3
0.45
0.11
54
29
45
21
79
1993
0.10
51
22
0.09
51
19
5.1
0.022
0.13
96
44
0.002
0.009
5.2
0.03
0.027
0.13
63
29
0.008
0.026
52
22
0.02
0.012
0.11
47
22
0.006
0.021
3.3
0.02
0.12
56
22
0.006
0.047
0.005
0.017
5.2
0.03
0.029
0.11
71
31
0.008
0.025
0.022
0.104
0.004
0.029
6.3
0.15
0.11
62
27
45
19
80
1994
0.09
45
21
0.10
45
20
5.1
0.022
0.13
131
40
0.003
0.007
5.5
0.03
0.028
0.13
70
30
0.008
0.030
59
22
0.02
0.016
0.12
54
26
0.008
0.025
2.0
0.02
0.11
45
20
0.005
0.039
0.007
0.019
6.2
0.08
0.031
0.11
91
35
0.007
0.037
0.016
0.072
0.003
0.021
6.3
0.09
0.10
49
25
40
18
90
1995
0.09
40
19
0.11
41
22
5.1
0.021
0.14
111
46
0.003
0.008
4.3
0.03
0.025
0.14
65
28
0.006
0.022
51
20
0.04
0.016
0.12
49
24
0.006
0.034
1.7
0.02
0.14
56
20
0.005
0.025
0.006
0.018
4.9
0.03
0.029
0.12
72
31
0.005
0.026
0.014
0.067
0.003
0.024
6.0
0.08
0.12
54
26
36
20
74
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 137
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
BOSTON, MA-NH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BOULDER-LONGMONT, CO
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
BRAZORIA,TX
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
BRIDGEPORT, CT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BROCKTON, MA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
BROWNSVILLE-HARLINGEN-SAN BENITO, TX
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
BUFFALO-NIAGARA FALLS, NY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
BURLINGTON, VT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CANTON-MASSILLON, OH
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CEDAR RAPIDS, IA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CHAMPAIGN-URBANA, IL
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CHARLESTON-NORTH CHARLESTON, SC
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
Trend #TVend
Sites
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
3
3
2
6
3
8
8
11
11
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
12
12
4
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
4
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
_ _ 42 42 29 35 34 37 35 30
5.8 6.2 5.3 5.2 5.9 4.0 4.5 3.6 4.5 3.5
0.15 0.11 0.16 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01
0029 0.029 0.029 0.028 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.027 0.027 0.024
0.11 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11
— — 52 52 53 51 52 51 48 42
— — 27 27 25 24 22 22 22 21
0.011 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.006
0.042 0.043 0.049 0.043 0.038 0.030 0.037 0.032 0.032 0.024
7.6 8.7 6.0 6.5 4.8 4.2 5.1 4.1 2.7 3.7
0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10
— — 85 85 70 71 61 73 47 45
— — 29 29 23 23 23 24 19 16
0.16 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.15
7.7 5.3 6.5 5.2 5.0 5.5 4.7 3.7 5.8 4.9
0.027 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.026 0.024
0.19 0.20 0.22 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.15 0.13
_ _ 48 48 52 55 45 45 54 51
— — 25 25 23 25 20 19 22- 20
0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.006
0.053 0.050 0.060 0.046 0.048 0.042 0.037 0.032 0.050 0.031
0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13
_ _ 49 49 49 68 59 67 51 48
_ _ 24 24 24 26 27 25 24 23
6.2 4.7 4.1 4.4 3.4 3.1 4.6 3.4 3.2 2.6
0.12 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04
0.023 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.019 0.019
0.11 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.10
— — 57 57 49 61 52 63 40 44
— — 25 25 20 25 22 19 19 19
0.013 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.008
0.056 0.056 0.062 0.051 0.054 0.062 0.058 0.042 0.039 0.039
5.9 4.7 3.7 3.7 4.6 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 2.5
0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017
— — 50 50 62 53 50 45 47 45
— — 25 25 24 23 23 21 21 20
0.005 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002
0.020 0.018 0.027 0.031 0.021 0.022 0.013 0.011 0.013 0.006
0.11 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10
— — 77 77 65 61 59 63 60 60
— — 35 35 30 31 28 26 28 29
0.011 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.006
0.048 0.045 0.039 0.041 0.037 0.037 0.040 0.046 0.052 0.032
5.6 3.3 4.2 2.9 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.1 3.4 2.5
0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07
— — 73 73 71 62 60 47 46 56
— — 33 33 28 29 27 22 23 23
0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004
0.055 0.057 0.051 0.054 0.050 0.043 0.037 0.042 0.032 0.031
0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.10
— — 70 70 66 61 71 50 50 50
— — 32 32 28 30 31 22 25 22
0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003
0.020 0.021 0.024 0.025 0.030 0.038 0.018 0.016 0.024 0.011
5.8 5.4 7.5 5.9 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.8 4.0 6.4
0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.11 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09
— — 55 55 59 46 46 40 48 40
— — 29 29 27 25 23 22 21 20
0.007 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003
Note: NS ~ Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
138 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CHARLESTON, WV
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-ROCK HILL, NC-SC
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
CHATTANOOGA, TN-GA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
CHICAGO, IL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CHICO-PARADISE, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
CINCINNATI, OH-KY-IN
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CLARKSVILLE-HOPKINSVILLE, TN-KY
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CLEVELAND-LORAIN-ELYRIA, OH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
COLORADO SPRINGS, CO
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
COLUMBIA, SC
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
Trend
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
#Trend
Sites
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
5
8
4
15
13
13
9
9
2
1
1
3
2
3
7
7
7
5
5
1
1
2
3
1
6
7
7
9
9
2
1
4
4
1
2
1
5
5
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
0.051 0.042 0.063 0.045 0.027 0.030 0.035 0.025 0.038 0.019
3.3 4.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.3 2.2 3.5 2.4
0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 002
0.023 0.025 0.024 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020
0.12 0.11 0.16 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11
— — 88 88 72 59 50 59 57 53
— — 35 35 36 29 28 29 28 26
0.012 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.007
0.058 0.045 0.049 0.062 0.056 0.036 0.032 0.034 0.037 0.023
7.8 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.9 6.5 6.2 5.8 6.0 4.9
0.15 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.01
0.13 0.13 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.11
— — 55 55 57 57 54 52 47 48
— — 34 34 33 30 30 29 29 26
— — 64 64 53 57 37 54 40 53
— — 30 30 27 28 22 24 22 23
0.12 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11
— — 67 67 72 75 72 61 63 58
— — 36 36 38 38 34 32 33 32
4.7 4.7 5.3 5.0 5.6 4.4 4.8 4.7 7.1 38
0.20 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.06 006 005
0.029 0.028 0.029 0.030 0.025 0.024 0.027 0.027 0.031 0030
0.11 0.14 0.14 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.12
— — 84 84 99 78 79 78 92 75
— — 39 39 37 35 34 33 37 34
0.009 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0005
0.041 0.036 0.031 0.028 0.024 0.029 0.026 0.028 0.030 0.023
7.0 5.6 7.2 6.4 6.2 7.4 5.9 4.7 4.6 41
0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.014
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09
5.4 5.0 3.8 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.7 43 34
0.10 0.09 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 005
0.026 0.027 0.025 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.023 0024 0023
0.12 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11
— — 94 94 91 66 60 70 68 69
— — 41 41 36 32 30 31 30 31
0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.010 0008 0007
0.058 0.056 0.048 0.053 0.059 0.041 0.044 0.036 0.040 0.034
0.007 0.005 0.010 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.009 0.010 0.007 0006
0.056 0.040 0.066 0.042 0.038 0.029 0.035 0.058 0.037 0.019
5.7 6.0 5.7 5.9 4.7 4.7 5.1 4.3 5.3 57
0.22 0.29 0.23 0.20 0.30 0.19 0.22 0.22 016 010
0.021 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.021 0 021
0.10 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 011 011
— — 93 93 87 82 79 77 93 97
— — 41 41 36 38 33 32 39 36
0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.008 0006
0.050 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.041 0.039 0.038 0.040 0.040 0.023
8.9 8.3 11.5 7.7 6.8 6.5 6.0 5;4 4.6 5.1
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 007
— — 74 74 68 75 65 71 63 53
— — 30 30 25 27 24 27 25 23
7.4 7.0 7.4 6.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 5.6 4.7 40
0.12 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 001
0.12 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 011
— — 56 56 59 49 54 48 40 41
— — 30 30 29 25 26 25 24 20
0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0001
0.017 0.017 0.017 0.012 0.009 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.010 0.005
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 139
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
COLUMBUS, GA-AL
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
COLUMBUS, OH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CORPUS CHRISTI, TX
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
CUMBERLAND, MD-WV
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
D*ALLAS,TX
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
DANBURY, CT
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DAVENPORT-MOLINE-ROCK ISLAND, IA-IL
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DAYTON-SPRINGFIELD, OH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DECATUR,AL
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
DECATUR,IL
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DENVER, CO
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DESMOINES,IA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
Trend intend
Sites
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
UP
NS
2
1
1
3
2
2
4
4
1
1
CM CM CM CM CM
1
1
1
11
2
3
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
3
2
5
10
10
2
2
3
2
3
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
011 011 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11
_ _ 43 43 63 75 51 50 49 54
— — 26 26 29 27 26 25 27 28
48 5.4 6.0 5.7 4.1 4.8 4.9 3.9 4.5 3.8
013 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04
011 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11
— — 82 82 86 67 66 67 65 71
— — 35 35 33 31 28 28 27 29
0010 0009 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.004
0.039 0.032 0.035 0.038 0.038 0.033 0.030 0.034 0.041 0.019
0.09 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.12
_ _ 74 74 63 70 59 74 53 54
— — 30 30 27 31 29 29 28 28
0003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002
0.017 0.017 0.024 0.019 0.013 0.027 0.018 0.024 0.011 0.016
0013 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.004
0.044 0.044 0.055 0.049 0.031 0.028 0.024 0.027 0.037 0.015
72 4.7 8.0 4.5 4.7 3.8 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.9
025 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.11
0012 0013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.014
0.13 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12
— — 58 58 60 57 54 62 51 66
— — 29 29 28 26 26 27 26 30
0.12 0.15 0.20 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.13
— — 48 48 44 53 57 46 48 52
— — 25 25 22 26 22 19 26 22
0.008 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.004
0.032 0.035 0.051 0.035 0.033 0.032 0.027 0.024 0.037 0.019
0.06 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01
0.09 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.09
— — 77 77 72 58 61 71 83 82
— — 34 34 32 31 30 29 35 36
0.005 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004
0.031 0.011 0.019 0.023 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.020 0.026 0.015
5.5 5.0 4.0 4.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.0
0.15 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.05
0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12
— — 70 70 64 53 52 58 56 56
— — 30 30 25 28 25 24 24 25
0.008 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.004
0.030 0.030 0.025 0.031 0.023 0.022 0.020 0.031 0.032 0.016
— — 57 57 57 68 48 60 45 52
— — 25 25 25 28 25 25 22 25
0.10 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03
0.10 0.10, 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10
— — 110 110 101 85 75 64 66 58
— — 40 40 34 36 38 28 29 30
0013 0.013 0.015 0.012 0.008 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.005
0.129 0.081 0.162 0.108 0.060 0.039 0.023 0.024 0.030 0.024
14.4 12.1 9.9 7.8 7.2 7.0 8.3 6.6 6.1 5.6
0.19 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.05
0.037 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.027 0.032 0.029
0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
— — 80 80 67 75 71 92 66 54
— — 30 30 28 28 29 32 27 24
0.006 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.004
0.022 0.020 0.022 0.023 0.020 0.026 0.038 0.025 0.025 0.016
5.9 4.7 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.6 3.9 4.5 3.9 4.0
0.07 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.08
— — 87 87 89 66 81 77 78 78
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
140 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
DETROIT, MI
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DOTH AN, AL
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
DOVER, DE
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DUBUQUE, IA
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
DULUTH-SUPERIOR, MN-WI
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
EL PASO, TX
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ELMIRA, NY
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ERIE, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
EUGENE-SPRINGFIELD, OR
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
EVANSVILLE-HENDERSON, IN-KY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
FARGO-MOORHEAD, ND-MN
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
FAYETTEVILLE-SPRINGDALE-ROGERS, AR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
FAYETTEVILLE,NC
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
FLINT, MI
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
Trend
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
#Trend
Sites
3
5
4
1
7
6
6
8
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
5
4
1
3
6
6
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
4
1
1
4
4
4
9
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
— — 33 33 32 29 28 29 28 31
7.8 6.9 5.4 6.2 4.6 5.4 4.3 4.6 6.9 4.8
0.11 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04
0.023 0.023 0.023 0.025 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.025 0022
0.10 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.11 012 011
— — 81 81 78 73 69 82 90 88
— — 39 39 36 33 28 33 38 35
0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.007 0007 0006
0.042 0.041 0.040 0.037 0.039 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.032 0.029
— — 47 47 70 62 63 59 63 56
— — 26 26 31 28 25 26 28 28
0.11 0.15 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.10 010
0.011 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0009
0.036 0.026 0.029 0.045 0.021 0.024 0.024 0.023 0.023 0.023
0.003 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.005 0006
0.023 0.028 0.052 0.030 0.037 0.028 0.029 0.014 0.037 0.027
9.6 8.5 5.1 9.9 4.4 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.3 43
— — 52 52 55 51 48 37 39 43
— — 26 26 22 23 20 19 18 18
9.6 10.0 9.1 9.8 10.9 9.1 8.1 8.0 6.6 68
0.43 0.32 0.26 0.30 0.27 0.27 0.19 0.18 0.12 013
0.023 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.017 0.019 0.021 0.021 0023 0023
0.14 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.11
— — 109 109 104 71 85 58 82 88
— — 42 42 36 30 30 27 28 31
0.015 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.009 0.007 0008
0.071 0.066 0.059 0.054 0.055 0.047 0.053 0.049 0.028 0038
0.10 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 008 009
— — 44 44 44 61 41 56 41 43
— — 24 24 24 25 21 20 19 18
0.005 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0004
0.027 0.029 0.027 0.026 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.019 0.023 0.014
5.6 5.3 4.9 4.4 5.1 3.8 3.6 4.4 3.7 32
0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.014 0.014 0015 0015
0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 010 011
— — 73 73 71 68 56 59 54 94
— — 27 27 27 29 22 26 29 29
0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.010 0009
0.050 0.050 0.050 0.074 0.057 0.044 0.056 0.072 0.076 0.050
8.4 6.9 7.1 6.0 4.8 5.4 6.0 4.7 53 47
0.10 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 002 002
0.10 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.09 008
— — 104 104 87 117 '92 91 85 75
— — 31 31 28 33 29 29 25 23
2.6 2.5 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.7 27
0.020 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.018 0017
0.12 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 012
— — 79 79 77 62 53 70 73 69
— — 35 35 32 33 30 30 33 33
0.011 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0012 0011
0.061 0.062 0.071 0.065 0.062 0.065 0.067 0.054 0.051 0.046
— — 46 46 63 45 54 39 39 40
— — 21 21 21 19 21 18 18 20
— — 58 58 59 46 53 58 49 46
— — 26 26 23 24 22 24 25 24
— — 52 52 56 52 44 55 44 38
— — 29 29 31 27 26 27 25 23
0.11 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 141
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
FLORENCE, AL
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
FORT COLUNS-LOVEt AND, CO
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
FORT LAUDERDALE, FL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
FORT SMITH, AR-OK
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
FORT WAYNE, IN
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
FORT WORTH-ARLINGTON, TX
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
FRESNO, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
GADSDEN,AL
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
GALVESTON-TEXAS CITY, TX
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
GARY, IN
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
GLENS FALLS, NY
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
GRAND FORKS, ND-MN
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
GRAND RAPIDS-MUSKEGON-HOLLAND, MI
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
Trend STrend
Sites
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
UP
NS
NS
NS
NS
UP
NS
NS
NS
UP
UP
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
4
8
8
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
— — 56 56 56 57 40 52 39 49
_ _ 24 24 24 24 21 23 20 22
0.007 0.007 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003
0.039 0.071 0.047 0.037 0.027 0.025 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.018
124 12.8 11.3 8.3 7.0 9.8 6.9 6.6 6.0 5.2
0.13 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08
— — 59 59 45 58 39 54 45 47
— — 29 29 23 25 23 22 22 22
4.8 4.2 3.2 4.4 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.2
009 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.02
0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09
— — 36 36 29 42 42 66 50 50
— — 21 21 17 18 18 19 24 24
_ _ 46 46 55 47 51 60 44 56
— — 28 28 26 25 24 25 24 26
09 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9
0008 0009 0.010 0.011 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011
0.10 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10
— — 64 64 64 55 45 61 47 53
— — 29 29 27 27 23 23 24 24
0003 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.005
0.010 0.016 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.012 0.021 0.021 0.021
5.3 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.2
0.15 0.11 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0016 0015 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.017 0.017
0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.14
— — 50 50 49 45 51 58 40 52
— 24 24 24 23 21 21 20 24
0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.001
0.024 0.010 0.010 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.013 0.005 0.006 0.004
40 4.0 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.4 3.9 3.4 4.3 3.5
0.018 0.017 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019
016 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.13
— — 190 190 190 132 94 122 114 110
— — 62 62 62 58 48 48 43 45
— — 52 52 61 80 59 76 54 62
— — 28 28 33 32 31 33 30 30
0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03
0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.18 0.13 0.20
— — 59 59 49 43 52 62 47 62
— — 28 28 24 22 24 24 23 25
0006 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006
0.053 0.053 0.049 0.045 0.063 0.050 0.039 0.056 0.052 0.089
4.9 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.6 4.2 5.0 4.6 3.7
1.04 1.19 0.60 0.28 0.24 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.21 0.14
0.12 0.13 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.11
— — 74 74 82 68 59 56 57 53
— — 33 33 33 29 26 24 26 25
0010 0010 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006
0.055 0.037 0.052 0.042 0.045 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.034 0.027
0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003
0.031 0.029 0.040 0.023 0.040 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.027 0.011
— — 53 53 104 57 57 38 36 40
— — 24 24 25 20 18 17 16 18
5.2 4.9 4.1 4.5 3.5 4.0 3.2 3.2 4.0 4.6
0.11 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.11 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.12
— — 60 60 69 62 122 65 68 52
— — 29 29 30 26 35 22 27 21
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
142 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
GREAT FALLS, MT
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
GREELEY,CO
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
GREEN BAY, WI
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
GREENSBORO-WINSTON-SALEM-HIGH POINT, NC
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-ANDERSON,SC
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
HAMILTON-MIDDLETOWN, OH
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
HARRISBURG-LEBANON-CARLISLE, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
HARTFORD, CT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
HONOLULU, HI
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
HOUSTON, TX
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
HUNTINGTON-ASHLAND, WV-KY-OH
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
HUNTSVILLE,AL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
Trend
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
UP
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
OTrend
Sites
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
5
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
8
8
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
3
4
10
7
7
8
7
2
1
2
5
5
5
5
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
0.004 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0003 0003 0002
0.018 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.012 0.013 0X111
— — 65 65 61 72 53 61 48 52
— — 20 20 24 21 21 21 21 18
11.6 10.5 9.2 7.3 7.1 7.8 ,7.5 5.8 5.2 5.3
0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.09 009
— — 73 73 66 80 60 99 57 59
— — 30 30 25 26 25 23 23 20
0.008 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.003 0004
0.066 0.045 0.039 0.024 0.020 0.042 0.021 0.018 0.015 0.018
0.018 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0017 0016
0.12 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 011 011
— — 66 66 60 61 51 57 43 57
— — 33 33 32 31 27 28 25 26
0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.007 0006
0.021 0.028 0.032 0.024 0.024 0.027 0.019 0.022 0.021 o!o25
0.12 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 002
0.12 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11
0.12 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.12 011 013
— — 76 76 76 53 50 73 55 77
— — 27 27 27 33 27 29 27 29
0.011 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.007 0.008 0008 0005
0.040 0.040 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.040 0.032 0.034 0.037 o!oi9
6.1 6.9 5.6 5.5 7.1 4.7 4.7 4.0 40 40
0.015 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.011 0015 0014
0.10 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.09 0:11 0.12 0.11
— 61 61 52 52 36 62 68 60
— — 25 25 23 25 21 24 27 25
0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.006 0 007 0 005
0.029 0.025 0.024 0.029 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.035 o!oi7
7.3 7.5 8.3 6.7 6.7 6.1 6.1 5.6 64 58
0.022 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.018 0020 0017
0.12 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.12 0.15 0 13 0 14
— — 48 48 47 53 53 42 50 41
— — 23 23 20 23 20 18 20 17
0.006 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.005 0004 0004 0004
0.026 0.033 0.040 0.037 0.028 0.023 0.024 0.017 0.024 O.'oi7
4.4 3.7 3.3 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.1 25
0.16 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 000
0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 006
— — 26 26 34 35 25 23 28 25
— Ifi 1fi 1fi 17 17 -Ifi -1Q -tr
"•' iu IO If If ID ly 15
7.3 6.7 6.5 5.8 6.8 6.0 6.8 5.6 49 40
0.11 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 001 001
0.024 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.019 0021 0021
0.16 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.16 0 15 0 17
— — 63 63 65 64 70 68 61 '64
— — 33 33 33 32 31 30 31 30
0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0005 0004 0004
0.028 0.022 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.025 0.022 0.020 0.018 o!o26
0.11 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 003 004
0.016 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.016 0.014 0.020 0.016 0016 0016
0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.11 013 012
— — 91 91 79 59 64 63 71 58
— — 36 36 35 33 29 29 32 29
0.016 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.010 0010
0.079 0.095 0.101 0.085 0.081 0.050 0.048 0.059 0.048 0.038
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.5 36
0.11 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 143
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
INDIANAPOLIS, IN
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
JACKSON, MS
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
JACKSON, TN
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
JACKSONVILLE, FL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
JAMESTOWN, NY
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
JANESVILLE-BELOIT, WI
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
JERSEY C1TY,NJ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
JOHNSON CITY-KINGSPORT-BRISTOL, TN-VA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
JOHNSTOWN, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
KALAMAZOO-BATTLE CREEK, MI
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
KANSAS CITY, MO-KS
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
KENOSHA,WI
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
KNOXVILLE,TN
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
Trend #Trend
Sites
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
1
1
4
5
14
14
8
8
1
2
2
2
4
2
1
2
3
3
5
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
4
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
3
5
8
8
5
5
2
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
— — 58 58 65 65 50 56 46 49
— — 31 31 30 28 30 23 21 22
105 056 0.68 0.53 0.68 0.30 0.26 0.11 0.20 0.06
011 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11
— — 73 73 76 63 56 63 63 60
— — 35 35 33 31 28 28 28 28
0011 0011 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.007 0.006
0.052 0.046 0.048 0.041 0.036 0.029 0.029 0.038 0.039 0.025
018 012 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.09
o!o9 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09
— — 56 56 60 46 53 56 44 51
— — 31 31 28 27 27 23 23 25
45 57 5.6 5.9 4.3 3.8 3.9 4.2 3.7 3.6
019 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.03
0018 0018 0019 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.016
010 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11
— — 59 59 59 54 47 60 49 53
— — 36 36 34 32 26 27 26 27
0005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
0.036 0.038 0.041 0.035 0.037 0.023 0.023 0.025 0.030 0.019
0014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.010
0.060 0.066 0.054 0.072 0.065 0.048 0.050 0.049 0.072 0.072
0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.10 0-08 0.08 0.08
97 80 7.8 7.3 7.2 7.5 6.0 5.6 5.9 6.2
015 010 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04
0032 0031 0.033 0.031 0.030 0.028 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.026
013 0.16 0.20 0.12 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.13
— — 73 73 74 68 58 67 90 64
— — 32 32 31 32 26 27 31 25
0013 0012 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.007
0.046 0.041 0.059 0.047 0.043 0.035 0.041 0.030 0.036 0.025
39 48 4.3 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.0 6.5 3.4 3.0
0019 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.018
010 009 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.11
— — 68 68 59 67 57 73 53 58
— — 31 31 32 32 29 29 28 27
0010 0009 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.008
0.043 0.046 0.049 0.053 0.044 0.044 0.039 0.042 0.045 0.039
69 5.6 4.3 4.1 3.7 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.5
041 052 0.30 0.31 0.16 0.19 0.14 0.06 0.05 0.06
0020 0020 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.015
010 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10
_ _ 70 70 58 70 56 63 69 61
— — 33 33 28 33 28 27 29 27
0019 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.014 0.012
0.070 0.065 0.055 0.089 0.047 0.043 0.052 0.049 0.080 0.042
— — 73 73 69 72 57 59 57 55
__ 34 34 28 29 27 24 26 26
54 54 4.4 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.3 3.4
017 016 0.17 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0011 0.013 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.010
012 012 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.13
_ — 71 71 67 60 60 61 59 60
— — 33 33 30 30 29 29 29 24
0006 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
0.025 0.026 0.022 0.016 0.022 0.017 0.016 0.020 0.025 0.018
0.16 0.19 0.19 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12
6.1 6.1 6.1 6.7 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.1
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
144 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
OZONE
PM-10
S02
SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
Trend
NS
NS
NS
NS
UP
#Trend
Sites
CM CO CO CJ CM
1986
0.10
0.007
0.030
1987
0.11
0.006
0.029
1988
0.14
61
32
0.007
0.034
1989
0.09
61
32
0.007
0.031
1990
0.12
64
32
0.006
0.033
1991
0.11
63
34
0.007
0.038
1992
0.10
54
30
0.007
0.035
1993
0.12
61
30
0.007
0.042
1994
0.11
56
32
0.007
0.042
1995
0.12
57
31
0.007
0.037
LAKE CHARLES, LA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
LAKELAND-WINTER HAVEN, FL
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LANCASTER, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LANSING-EAST LANSING, MI
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
LAREDO, TX
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
LAS CRUCES, NM
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LAS VEGAS, NV-AZ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
LAWRENCE, MA-NH
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LAWTON, OK
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
LEWISTON-AUBURN, ME
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LEXINGTON, KY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LIMA, OH
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LINCOLN, NE
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
DOWN
NS
NS
UP
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
,NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
1
1
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
5
5
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11
. — — 44 44 44 52 75
— — 21 21 21 23 25
0.10 0.10 0.11
51 46 54
22 23 23
0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004
0.013 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.023 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.015
3.6
0.14
3.3
0.09
3.4
0.07
4.1
0.05
3.4
0.06
0.019 0.019 0.020 0.018 0.017
0.11 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.10
2.6
0.04
2.6
0.04
3.0
0.04
59
31
59
31
59
31
0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006
0.032 0.027 0.028 0.037 0.028
0.018 0.015
0.12 0.11
51
30
3.8
0.04
2.4
0.04
45
27
0.006 0.006
0.023 0.023
0.015 0.019 0.016
0.12 0.11 0.12
68
31
117
38
73
33
0.007 0.006 0.006
0.026 0.030 0.018
0.10 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10
61
32
61
32
72
35
58
32
58
30
73
32
55
31
4.7 5.8 5.0 4.5 4.6 5.0 3.8 6.0 4.1 3.7
0.21 0.24 0.20 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.06 0.10
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
— — 123 123 93 86 88 77 91 85
— — 45 45 35 31 31 30 33 35
0.005 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.002
0.036 0.021 0.031 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.016 0.012 0.005 0.006
11.7 11.7 14.4 12.2 14.1 12.1 9.7 9.9 10.6 92
0.022 0.028 0.031 0.034 0.037 0.030 0.028 0.029 0.027 0.027
0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 009 009
— — 110 110 122 105 62 79 74 70
— — 45 45 46 43 33 32 34 34
0.11 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10
— — 39 39 39 35 48 46 35 28
— — 21 21 21 18 19 18 16 13
0.010 0.010 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.006
0.039 0.042 0.031 0.035 0.029 0.025 0.027 0.026 0.027 0.024
74
32
73
30
54
27
52
26
55
27
51
28
52
25
— — 55 55 55 66 58 68 46 46
— — 25 25 25 29 24 24 20 20
0.008 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.007 0.006 0.004
0.039 0.034 0.044 0.035 0.027 0.023 0.020 0.026 0.025 0.020
6.0 5.8 5.4 5.6 3.7 4.9 3.8 6.5 4.2 3.0
0.018 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017
0.14 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 011
— — 76 76 61 52 52 61 66 65
— — 30 30 28 28 24 25 27 26
0.006 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.008 0 006
0.019 0.031 0.027 0.034 0.020 0.026 0.030 0.026 0.037 0.016
0.08 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 011
0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.003
0.022 0.029 0.024 0.033 0.026 0.021 0.020- 0.023 0.037 0.015
6.9 8.3 9.0 8.3 8.7 9.4 6.4 5.1 5.3 62
0.07 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.07
— — 61 61 58 66 50 51 49 54
— — 33 33 29 30 25 26 28 25
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 145
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
LITTLE ROCK-NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LONGVIEW-MARSHALL,TX
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LOUISVILLE, KY-IN
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
LOWELL, MA-NH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LUBBOCK,TX
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
LYNCHBURG,VA
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MADISON, Wl
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MANSFIELD, OH
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MEDFORD-ASHLAND, OR
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MEMPHIS, TN-AR-MS
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
MERCED, CA
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MIAMI, FL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MIDDLESEX-SOMERSET-HUNTERDON, NJ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
Trend ftTrend
Sites
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
UP
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
1
2
4
4
1
1
12
6
13
14
7
7
5
5
3
1
4
5
5
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
0.010 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.012 0.009 0.011 0.011
0.11 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.11
— — 59 59 60 53 63 55 57 59
— — 29 29 29 25 28 27 27 29
0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.003 0.002
0.015 0.006 0.016 0.010 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.017 0.009 0.008
0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.15
10.2 9.8 10.7 10.2 9.3 9.1 8.4 7.1 8.4 7.9
0.34 0.24 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05
0.049 0.045 0.048 0.046 0.042 0.043 0.040 0.038 0.040 0.039
0.23 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.15
— • — • 126 126 115 121 94 82 80 107
— — 57 57 49 51 41 40 39 39
0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003
0.019 0.016 0.019 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.009
6.5 6.8 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 4.2 4.6 5.1 3.8
018 010 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.06
0.14 0.11 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.12
— — 71 71 67 61 53 66 64 63
— — 35 35 34 33 31 30 31 29
0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.008
0.044 0.045 0.044 0.055 0.040 0.037 0.034 0.035 0.040 0.028
6.7 6.6 6.4 5.3 7.3 5.8 5.9 5.1 6.5 7.8
_ _ 94 94 61 79 58 56 81 121
_ . _ 34 34 24 26 22 20 23 22
— — 54 54 51 53 45 63 40 54
— — 30 30 24 28 24 26 23 24
— — 90 90 54 55 39 43 50 55
_ • _ 34 34 24 25 22 21 22 23
— — 56 56 56 62 68 66 58 61
— — 27 . 27 27 27 26 28 29 25
9.3 8.8 11.3 11.0 8.2 8.1 6.4 6.9 6.2 5.3
0 09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
— — 199 199 123 148 99 91 80 60
_ _ 54 54 42 40 36 35 33 26
9.1 8.7 5.7 7.9 7.4 6.1 7.3 7.6 7.1 5.8
0.20 0.16 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.04 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.03
0.024 0.034 0.032 0.026 0.023 0.024 0.026 0.026 0.027 0.027
0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12
— — 65 65 65 51 57 62 60 59
— — 31 31 31 27 28 29 27 27
0.007 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.003
0.030 0.038 0.032 0.033 0.027 0.025 0.034 0.026 0.025 0.019
— — 137 137 153 122 82 119 109 89
— — 52 52 53 52 46 43 39 39
6.7 5.9 4.8 7.3 6.0 7.2 6.2 5.3 4.4 4.9
0.19 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0014 0.015 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.010 0.011
0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10
__ 48 48 48 54 53 87 67 47
— — 27 27 28 26 27 27 26 24
6.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 4.2 3.9 3.7 4.3 5.3
0.37 0.17 0.38 0.38 0.30 1.15 1.22 0.33 0.12 0.07
0.14 0.16 0.19 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13
— — 61 61 58 58 48 56 54 45
— — 30 30 27 27 23 23 25 21
0.011 0.011 0.012 0.010 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
146 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Trend
#Trend 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Sites
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
MILWAUKEE-WAUKESHA, WI
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
, OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MN-WI
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
MOBILE, AL
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
MODESTO, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MONMOUTH-OCEAN, NJ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
MONROE, LA
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
MONTGOMERY, AL
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
NASHUA, NH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NASHVILLE, TN
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NASSAU-SUFFOLK, NY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NEW BEDFORD, MA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
NEW HAVEN-MERIDEN, CT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
UP
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
UP
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
1
5
2
2
6
4
4
2
2
3
3
3
8
8
1
1
2
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
5
5
2
2
3
4
1
6
5
5
4
4
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
8
8
0.041 0.035 0.043 0.037 0.032 0.025 0.026 0.018 0.028 0.018
5.0 4.5 4.2 3.9 4.5 3.8 3.3 4.3 46 30
0.24 0.13 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 003 004
0.023 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.020 0021 0021
0.13 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12
— 84 84 78 64 53 61 63 63
— — 35 35 33 29 26 26 28 27
0.007 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.003 0004 0003
0.029 0.025 0.035 0.030 0.038 0.034 0.026 0.024 0.027 O.'o23
10.0 9.5 7.8 10.0 6.0 6.9 5.6 5.3 57 57
0.79 0.55 0.55 0.38 0.77 0.31 0.25 0.12 0.07 007
0.09 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 009
— — 85 85 74 67 62 54 61 58
— — 31 31 ,29 27 24 23 24 25
0.008 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.002 0002 0002
0.024 0.021 0.015 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.008 0.008 0^008
0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.11
— — 62 62 57 59 69 68 60 53
— 31 31 31 32 34 32 31 29
0.007 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.010 0010 0011 0009
0.037 0.052 0.054 0.063 0.038 0.050 0.055 0.066 0.052 o!o53
11.1 8.6 9.7 11.8 10.5 9.4 5.9 6.6 63 54
0.024 0.024 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.024 0.022 0024 0023 0022
0.13 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 012 013
— — 129 129 141 145 85 123 103 100
— — 53 53 48 54 44 53 39 38
6.6 6.1 6.6 6.1 5.7 5.5 4.7 5.3 4.9 3.8
~ — 1* 72 72 58 79 81 99 111
30 30 30 25 28 27 34 36
— 40 40 58 60 48 48 45 55
— 23 23 27 26 24 23 25 26
10.3 9.1 6.6 7.5 8.8 7.3 7.2 5.8 80 76
0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 001 001
0.020 0.020 0.024 0.022 0.019 0.016 0.015 0.016 0015 0013
0.11 0.09 0.14 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10
— — 44 44 41 50 49 39 38 31
— — 22 22 18 19 17 17 15 14
0.009 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0007 0005
0.032 0.036 0.044 0.038 0.036 0.026 0.028 0.024 0.031 o!o23
8.5 6.9 6.5 7.4 5.9 5.0 5.5 6.4 5.4 48
1.48 1.16 1.29 0.66 1.45 1.21 1.05 0.91 0.98 1.93
0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.014 0.012 0020 0014
0.12 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
— 76 76 75 71 60 79 65 66
— — 37 37 36 35 31 31 30 31
0.009 0.008 0.010 0.008 0.010 0.009 0.007 0.008 0006 0004
0.059 0.041 0.062 0.077 0.065 0.067 0.035 0.057 0.052 0.032
8.9 9.9 9.1 6.5 7.2 6.6 5.6 56 54 50
0.032 0.032 0.033 0.029 0.028 0.029 0.026 0.026 0 028 0 025
0.16 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.13 0.13 0.13 015
0.009 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.007 0005
0.043 0.038 0.056 0.045 0.045 0.038 0.039 0.032 0.037 O.'o29
0.14 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.1.0 0.14
39 39 . 39 51 42 44 49 28
— — 23 23 23 20 17 17 19 14
7.1 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.8 6.3 5.2 4.9 49 49
0.029 0.028 0.029 0.028 0.027 0.028 0.025 0.027 0030 0025
0.16 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.16 0.12 0.14 014 014
— — 62 62 71 76 70 69 68 55
— — 30 30 28 32 25 26 27 23
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 147
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NEWLONDON-NORWICH, CT-RI
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NEW ORLEANS, LA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NEW YORK, NY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NEWARK, NJ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
NEWBURGH, NY-PA
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
Trend #Trend 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Sites
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
UP
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NORFOLK-VIRGINIA BEACH-NEWPORT NEWS/VA-NC
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR DOWN
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN DOWN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR NS
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
OAKLAND, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
OKLAHOMA CITY, OK
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
OLYMPIA,WA
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
OMAHA, NE-IA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
2 0012 0012 0.015 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.006
2 0.051 0.054 0.071 0.071 0.045 0.055 0.042 0.038 0.049 0.031
1 014 016 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.14
3 __ 42 42 48 52 52 40 49 43
3 — — 22 22 20 23 19 18 22 17
1 0008 0007 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005
1 0.029 0.029 0.047 0.027 0.029 0.027 0.025 0.019 0.029 0.018
2 59 67 6.1 6.1 4.9 4.2 5.4 5.1 4.6 3.6
2 012 010 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02
2 0020 0.021 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.016
4 011 011 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11
1 "_ _ 58 58 54 52 52 54 50 50
•1 _ — 31 31 27 26 27 25 25 24
1 0005 0003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.007
1 0.028 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.028 0.019 0.025 0.027 0.022
3 11.5 8.2 9.0 8.5 7.5 7.2 6.5 5.6 6.0 6.9
3 016 011 0.14 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.07
1 0 049 0 049 0.049 0.049 0.046 0.047 0.036 0.043 0.046 0.042
4 014 015 0.18 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13
12 — — 69 69 66 61 55 55 69 63
12 — — 34 34 31 30 27 26 28 26
6 0014 0015 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.009
6 0.051 0.052 0.061 0.062 0.055 0.045 0.048 0.037 0.051 0.035
3 93 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.1 8.3 5.6 4.9 7.7 6.0
1 046 0.55 0.83 0.41 0.39 1.04 0.44 0.23 0.30 0.23
5 0027 0031 0.031 0.028 0.028 0.027 0.029 0.027 0.029 0.027
3 015 0.17 0.18 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12
3 __ 74 74 68 62 55 67 95 69
3 _ — 35 35 31 30 29 30 35 28
4 0011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.006
4 0.042 0.040 0.050 0.047 0.040 0.035 0.040 0.025 0.033 0.025
1 0.79 2.46 1.18 1.36 0.54 0.28 0.22 0.28 0.06 0.05
2 6.5 6.5 5.7 5.2 4.6 5.0 4.1 5.2 5.3 4.3
1 010 010 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03
2 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.10
4 — — 60 60 58 56 46 54 41 40
4 _ — 27 27 26 26 23 23 20 21
1 0007 0007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.006
1 0.029 0.025 0.025 0.027 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.021 0.016
6 54 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.0 3.4 3.6 2.7
5 013 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02
3 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019
7 010 012 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.13
3 _ — 82 82 81 89 58 66 72 47
3 _ — 31 31 30 33 27 25 25 22
6 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
6 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.014 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008
3 6.8 7.5 5.2 6.4 5.4 4.7 4.8 6.1 5.2 5.0
3 010 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
2 0015 0.015 0.021 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012
4 009 010 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.11
5 _ _ 53 53 47 45 55 45 42 51
5 — — 24 24 23 23 22 21 21 21
1 0005 0.005 0.010 0.006 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.002
1 0.012 0.012 0.041 0.016 0.019 0.005 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006
1 _ _ 118 118 86 99 78 78 63 65
1 _ _ 28 28 24 25 24 24 17 17
2 5.2 5.4 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.3 4.0 5.5
5 076 0.55 0.79 0.67 0.54 0.44 0.69 0.55 0.73 0.49
3 0 08 0 08 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.08
7 __ - 95 95 92 78 89 70 81 77
7 — — 42 42 37 36 36 31 33 30
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
148 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ORLANDO, FL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
OWENSBORO, KY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR f
PARKERSBURG-MARIETTA, WV-OH
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PENSACOLA,FL
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PEORIA-PEKIN,IL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PHILADELPHIA, PA-NJ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PHOENIX-MESA, AZ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
PINE BLUFF, AR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
PITTSBURGH, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PONCE, PR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
Trend
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
ZZZZZZZ
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
UP
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
#Trend
Sites
3
1
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
9
10
5
8
10
10
11
11
9
2
9
6
6
1
1
5
4
5
6
14
14
11
11
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
7.4 7.8 8.4 8.7 7.7 6.9 7.2 5.5 7.2 5.9
0.21 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.04 004
0.043 0.040 0.044 0.045 0.046 0.044 0.039 0.037 0040 0038
0.18 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.13
— — 96 96 95 g7 79 78 83 124
— — 45 45 45 41 37 36 36 41
0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002- 0.002 0.002 0002
0.014 0.012 0.013 0.011 0.008 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006
4.8 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.6 33
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 000 000
0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 009
— — 44 44 46 42 49 39 37 37
— — 27 27 27 27 24 24 23 22
0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001
0.010 0.008 0.010 0.006 0.011 0.007 0.007 0.011 0.012 0.006
3.5 4.1 6.4 5.9 5.4 3.8 4.5 5.5 3.9 42
0.014 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0013
0.12 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11
— — 80 80 69 55 52 56 90 70
— — 33 33 29 29 27 25 30 29
0.007 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0009 0007
0.027 0.033 0.040 0.053 0.038 0.044 0.053 0.050 0.035 0.028
0.10 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 002
0.11 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.10 011 012
0.015 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0017 0010
0.072 0.070 0.076 0.076 0.064 0.060 0.059 0.065 0.084 0.041
0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 011 012
0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.005 0004 0003
0.042 0.086 0.072 0.057 0.078 0.056 0.057 0.032 0.039 0.019
7.4 7.4 7.9 7.7 7.4 6.3 7.2 7.3 5.7 56
0.08 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 003 002 003
0.08 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 o!o9
— — 70 70 72 48 54 39 45 42
— — 28 28 27 24 25 20 21 20
0.009 0.008 0.009 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.007 0007
0.066 0.058 0.062 0.046 0.054 0.065 0.043 0.039 0.050 0.084
6.3 6.3 5.4 7.1 4.g 4.6 4.7 4.7 5.2 41
0.88 0.77 0.50 0.38 0.54 0.35 0.56 0.86 054 069
0.032 0.033 0.031 0.030 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.026 0028 0027
0.14 0.16 0.18 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.12 013
— — 73 73 68 73 55 6g 71 65
— — 34 34 31 33 27 2g 32 31
0.011 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.008 0.008 0009 0006
0.044 0.046 0.053 0.046 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.038 0.026
9.3 8.0 7.6 7.4 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.9 58
0.40 0.24 0.16 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.05 005 006
0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 011 012
— — 113 113 85 84 97 79 83 88
— — 51 51 43 44 43 43 42 43
— — 60 60 47 42 51 55 56 62
— — 27 27 21 19 22 23 25 26
5.8 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.6 4.3 4.8 3.8 43 38
0.18 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.07 008 008
0.023 0.025 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.022 0023 0021
0.12 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.11 011 012
— — 89 89 80 80 75 77 83 73
— — 34 34 32 33 29 29 32 29
0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0011
0.090 0.080 0.081 0.078 0.076 0.057 0.071 0.063 0.073 0.048
— — 96 96 77 58 64 66 64 57
— — 46 46 38 30 29 30 27 24
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 149
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
PORTLAND-VANCOUVER, OR-WA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PORTLAND, ME
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PORTSMOUTH-ROCHESTER, NH-ME
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PROVIDENCE-FALL RIVER-WARWICK, RI-MA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
PROVO-OREM,UT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
PUEBLO, CO
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
RACINE, WI
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
RALEIGH-DURHAM-CHAPEL HILL, NC
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
RAPID CITY, SD
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
READING, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
REDDING, CA
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
RENO.NV
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
RICHLAND-KENNEWICK-PASCO, WA
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
RICHMOND-PETERSBURG, VA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
Trend #Trend
Sites
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN-
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
2
2
3
6
6
1.
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
6
6
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
9
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
6
6
1
1
2
1
4
3
3
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
103 10.7 8.9 8.2 8.5 9.1 7.0 6.3 7.0 5.7
022 0.17 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.03
012 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09
— — 72 72 61 85 59 66 50 41
— — 25 . 25 25 26 23 25 23 20
0006 0006 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005
0.019 0.018 0.018 0.023 0.019 0.024 0.017 0.026 0.013 0.013
012 0.14 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12
— — 56 56 42 54 , 57 48 51 49
— — 26 26 23 25 23 21 21 21
0011 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.006
0.039 0.042 0.044 0.039 0.034 0.032 0.029 0.032 0.043 0.022
0.14 0.14 0.17 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12
__ 44 44 44 49 57 39 37 37
— — 21 21 20 19 19 18 14 15
0006 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.004
0.026 0.030 0.034 0.029 0.025 0.021 0.027 0.019 0.022 0.018
8.3 7.8 7.6 6.9 7.0 7.1 5.9 5.3 5.9 6.1
0.14 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13
— — 60 60 58 68 52 56 60 63
— — 31 31 29 30 24 26 29 24
0011 0011 0.012 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006
0.046 0.050 0.052 0.043 0.039 0.040 0.043 0.034 0.034 0.023
12.2 10.6 9.5 12.3 13.1 9.5 8.8 7.6 7.4 6.3
0.024 0.024 0.028 0.028 0.025 0.022 0.019 0.026 0.024 0.023
010 010 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08
— — 222 222 115 220 202 194 106 94
— — 49 49 32 42 37 38 34 29
— — 75 75 52 57 54 51 54 86
— — 33 33 26 30 26 26 30 26
3.4 6.7 7.4 6.4 5.5 5.7 4.9 4.1 4.3 4.3
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11
0.11 0.13 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10
— — 60 60 50 51 46 47 37 48
— - — 29 29 29 26 24 25 22 23
— — 68 68 76 138 80 88 79 75
— — 26 26 27 28 25 23 29 24
5.9 5.3 5.2 5.0 6.4 4.6 4.6 3.8 5.4 3.9
0.55 0.59 0.49 0.59 0.50 0.53 0.42 0.39 0.33 0.26
0024 0025 0.024 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.021
0.11 0.12 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11
— — 52 52 61 67 47 55 80 54
— — 31 31 26 28 23 25 29 26
0012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.009
0.050 0.042 0.053 0.048 0.038 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.040 0.033
— — 66 66 59 74 58 50 54 47
— — 26 26 25 29 25 20 24 20
11.6 8.6 8.6 9.1 8.3 9.2 7.4 5.8 6.9 5.3
0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08
— — 123 123 135 106 86 92 86 65
— — 42 42 44 36 36 40 36 32
— - — 175 175 382 281 85 136 103 103
— — 29 29 40 31 24 28 27 27
4.5 6.0 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.7 2.5 3.9 3.4 2.6
0022 0026 0.026 0.025 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.024 0.024 0.022
0.12 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11
_ — 54 54 59 59 44 55 37 53
— — 28 28 25 26 22 23 21 23
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
150 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ROANOKE,VA
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ROCHESTER, MN
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
ROCHESTER, NY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ROCKFORD,IL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SACRAMENTO, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SAGINAW-BAY CITY-MIDLAND, MI
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SAUNAS, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SALT LAKE CITY-OGDEN, UT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SAN ANTONIO, TX
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SAN DIEGO, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
Trend
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
#1rend
Sites
1
1
7
4
8
14
9
9
4
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
•j
2
1
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
4
2
3
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
4
8
8
4
4
2
1
2
3
3
6
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
0.007 0.007 0.009 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.007 0.006 0005
0.031 0.031 0.042 0.032 0.034 0.027 0.024 0.023 0.021 o!oi6
4.5 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.4 5.1 3.6 3.5 3.5 33
0.16 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.04 004
0.028 0.028 0.029 0.030 0.028 0.029 0.027 0.027 0028 0028
0.22 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.18 019 018
— — 211 211 158 128 98 100 93 112
— — 67 67 61 56 48 47 45 46
0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0002 0002
0.007 0.007 0.012 0.012 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.007 0.004 o!o05
0.014 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0013 0013
0.10 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09
— — 65 65 68 63 64 72 68 74
„ — — 35 35 36 33 32 35 36 34
0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0003
0.015 0.015 0.018 0.022 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.018 0.011 o!oiO
7.2 9.0 7.1 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.0
— — 64 64 89 43 44 33 43 49
— — 30 30 28 23 21 20 21 19
5.0 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.3 . 3.5 3.2 4.5 32
0.10 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.03 :0.04 0.04 0.04 004
0.11 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 OJ1
— — 56 56 47 60 45 60 42 44
— — 23 23 22 25 22 21 19 19
0.013 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.010 0011 0010
0.041 0.045 0.037 0.054 0.040 0.043 0.039 0.041 0.042 o!o38
9.2 8.0 8.1 6.6 6.5 5.1 4.6 4.3 40 45
0.07 0.05 0.13 0.07 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.03 004 003
0.09 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.10 o!lO
— — 58 58 54 55 49 42 44 45
: — 25 25 25 22 21 16 19 19
8.7 9.3 10.4 9.7 9.4 8.1 6.9 69 71 50
™H *°'11 °'08 °-07 0'10 °-04 °-02 °-05 0.02 0.02
0.014 0.016 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.013 0013
0.14 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 013
— — 107 107 109 85 69 69 77 69
— — 41 41 35 33 29 28 27 26
0.001 0.005 0.010 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.002 0001 0001 0001
0.005 0.013 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.003 o!o04 o!o02
— — 124 124 71 86 115 51 45 45
30 30 26 30 29 22 22 22
2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.3 21 20 19
0.014 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0012 0011
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07
— 49 49 49 43 38 55 33 47
— — 25 25 23 23 22 22 20 21
11.1 8.7 7.7 7.3 6.9 7.8 7.6 6.5 6.4 57
0.18 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.05 005
0.025 0.024 0.026 0.027 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.025 0026 0024
0.13 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.10 011 011
— — 129 129 96 151 136 114 94 81
— — 43 43 32 39 35 35 30 28
0.009 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.007 0004 0003
0.081 0.039 0.050 0.079 0.036 0.048 0.051 0.041 0.012 o!oi2
7.3 6.2 5.7 6.3 5.4 4.6 4.7 5.1 35 38
0.14 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 003
0.10 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 011 o'l2
— — 57 57 49 48 48 54 47 41
— 28 28 25 25 25 23 23 21
5.9 5.4 5.8 6.4 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.3 46 40
0.15 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.02
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 151
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SAN JOSE, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SAN JUAN-BAYAMON, PR
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHM ETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SAN LUIS OBISPO-ATASCADERO-PASO ROBLES,CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SANTA BARBARA-SANTA MARIA-LOMPOC, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SANTA CRUZ-WATSONVILLE, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SANTA FE,NM
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SANTA ROSA, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SARASOTA-BRADENTON, FL
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SAVANNAH, GA
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
Trend #TVend
Sites
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
UP
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
6
7
3
3
1
1
4
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
4
3
3
2
1
6
6
2
2
1
2
4
3
3
3
3
3
17
18
12
12
12
12
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
0026 0.025 0.028 0.027 0.024 0.024 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.021
015 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.12
— — 75 75 67 74 52 62 62 72
— — 39 39 34 37 32 30 31 32
0003 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003
0.010 0.009 0.013 0.016 0,015 0.020 0.022 0.010 0.015 0.015
73 6.1 6.4 5.9 5.7 6.2 4.8 4.6 4.3 3.7
016 012 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0 024 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.020
008 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.09
_ _ 84 84 93 84 75 72 65 42
— — 33 33 28 32 , 29 27 25 21
0002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002
0.010 0.010 0.012 0.015 0.010 0.013 0.012 0.010 0.005 0.005
84 5.8 7.9 8.9 8.2 8.0 5.7 5.2 5.9 4.7
022 019 0.12 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02
0033 0031 0.032 0.032 0.030 0.031 0.028 0.024 0.024 0.024
012 013 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12
— — 126 126 120 112 94 73 81 49
_ _ 40 40 36 35 31 25 27 22
61 57 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.5 4.8 4.9
030 024 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01
— — 82 82 80 70 71 75 70 59
_ • _ 34 34 35 30 28 32 30 26
0 002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004
0.017 0.015 0.023 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.022 0.013 0.015 0.019
48 36 4.0 4.7 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.4
0012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.010
009 009 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07
— — 58 58 54 47 41 52 38 49
— — 27 27 25 25 23 23 21 21
0002 0001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002
0.010 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.004
19 18 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.2
0 007 0.007 0.007 . 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005
011 011 0.11 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10
— — 53 53 49 45 46 52 44 44
— — 25 25 24 23 23 25 23 24
0001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
0.004 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
10 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0
0006 0006 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.005
008 009 008 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07
'_ — 50 50 47 43 35 49 37 36
— — 31 31 24 24 22 22 22 19
5.4 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.4 2.7 2.3
_ _ 40 40 43 32 36 32 28 28
— — 16 16 17 14 16 15 14 13
50 41 4.9 5.0 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.2 2.4
010 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0016 0016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015
008 010 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
— — 52 52 51 69 44 45 41 37
— — 23 23 20 23 18 19 18 16
008 008 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09
'_ _ 48 48 48 52 66 77 48 40
— — 28 28 28 25 27 27 23 21
0002 0002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002
0.008 0.008 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.034 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.010
0002 0002 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004
0.010 0.010 0.046 0.013 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.011 0.015 0.013
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
152 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
SCRANTON— WILKES-BARRE— HAZLETON,PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SEATTLE-BELLEVUE-EVERETT, WA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SHARON, PA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SHREVEPORT-BOSSIER CITY, LA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SIOUX CITY, IA-NE
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SIOUX FALLS, SD
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SOUTH BEND, IN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SPOKANE, WA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SPRINGFIELD, IL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SPRINGFIELD, MA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
SPRINGFIELD, MO
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
ST. JOSEPH, MO
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
ST. LOUIS, MO-IL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
Trend
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
STrend
Sites
2
2
4
3
3
2
2
5
2
1
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
4
4
8
8
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
7
11
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
6.1 4.8 4.8 4.1 4.5 4.2 3.8 29 36 28
0.019 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.016
0.09 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.10
— — 58 58 61 65 45 69 61 64
— — 29 29 25 29 25 26 28 25
0.011 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.005
0.057 0.048 0.051 0.047 0.049 0.038 0.033 0.026 0.035 0.036
9.9 9.3 9.1 8.5 7.3 7.4 7.5 5.6 5.4 54
0.91 0.29 0.47 0.21 0.35 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.32 0.27
0.11 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 009
— — 96 96 83 93 74 75 59 61
— — 32 32 29 30 29 28 23 22
0.008 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.007 0.006
0.031 0.023 0.028 0.022 0.026 0.028 0.024 0.022 0.016 0.020
0.12 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11
— — 88 88 68 73 58 56 68 72
— — 35 35 30 36 27 28 30 28
0.010 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008
0.053 0.037 0.054 0.043 0.037 0.032 0.030 0.029 0.047 0.032
0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10
— — 47 47 47 100 44 52 51 52
— — 23 23 23 28 24 22 24 24
0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0002 0001
0.007 0.010 0.009 0.023 0.006 0.009 0.013 0.011 0.008 0.004
— — 75 75 69 66 87 44 69 62
— — 28 28 28 28 25 23 23 26
— — 54 54 46 44 43 48 43 50
— — 22 22 20 19 19 15 22 20
0.10 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11
— — 71 71 89 63 64 59 61 51
— — 30 30 31 30 23 24 27 22
15.9 19.0 13.8 12.3 11.5 11.0 ' 9.9 9.8 8.1 84
— — 142 142 173 93 143 120 85 76
— — 46 46 45 40 40 40 37 31
5.3 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.-] 3.2
0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.10
— — 66 66 66 49 54 42 53 43
— — 25 25 25 25 27 19 22 21
0.008 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006
0.051 0.039 0.074 0.047 0.053 0.048 0.043 0.040 0.050 0.062
9.7 8.9 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.1 7.3 6.7 7.8 84
0.23 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01
0.009 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.008 0007
0.14 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12
— — 49 49 52 50 56 50 56 43
— — 25 25 22 22 20 20 23 19 '
0.012 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.007 0007
0.042 0.044 0.054 0.033 0.035 0.031 0.029 0.023 0.033 0.025
9.5 7.5 6.9 6.7 7.2 6.9 6.2 5.3 5.9 4 1
0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.011 0.013 0012
0.09 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10
— — 42 42 42 33 42 37 38 37
— — 22 22 22 18 19 17 17 17
0.006 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.003
0.058 0.079 0.057 0.052 0.057 0.033 0.033 0.040 0.067 0.021
— — 100 100 104 120 89 100 77 101
— — 45 45 40 44 39 32 34 33
5.5 6.2 4.6 4.8 4.0 4.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3
1.45 1.15 2.16 0.87 0.76 0.66 0.70 0.54 0.61 0.62
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 153
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
STAMFORD-NORWALK, CT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
STEUBENVILLE-WEIRTON, OH-WV
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
N02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
STOCKTON-LODI, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SYRACUSE, NY
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
TACOMA,WA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG-CLEARWATER, FL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
TERRE HAUTE, IN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
TEXARKANA, TX-TEXARKANA, AR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
TOLEDO, OH
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
TOPEKA,KS
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
TRENTON, NJ
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
TUtSA,OK
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
Trend STrend
Sites
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
UP
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
8
16
15
15
15
15
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
6
5
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
4
4
2
2
6
5
3
3
6
6
1
5
5
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
2
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 .1994 1995
0020 0021 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.019
0.12 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12
__ 84 84 78 62 67 62 67 64
— — 37 37 33 32 32 28 31 30
0013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.008
0.064 0.054 0.056 0.056 0.042 0.042 0.038 0.041 0.039 0.037
77 6.3 6.9 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.5 5.2 6.2 5.4
014 0.17 0.22 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.14
— — 59 59 62 59 48 48 64 48
— — 28 28 29 31 23 22 27 23
0005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.004
0.028 0.021 0.031 0.029 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.020 0.028 0.023
9 1 30.3 19.6 13.3 20.5 13.9 6.9 6.6 8.2 5.7
0 19 0 17 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.05
0020 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.017 0.020 0.020
015 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11
— — 121 121 95 102 84 93 109 90
_ _ 42 42 37 40 36 34 35 34
0026 0.024 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.024 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.012
0.100 0.097 0.088 0.092 0.086 0.078 0.076 0.085 0.093 0.049
6.5 6.3 8.4 7.5 10.9 8.4 5.1 5.1 6'.4 4.4
0.023 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.024 0.022
0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13
— — 128 128 138 134 88 103 93 93
— — 51 51 51 52 45 39 37 31
11.3 9.4 7.8 9.7 6.8 8.4 7.5 5.6 6.5 3.3
— — 66 66 62 74 62 67 59 51
— — 32 32 27 29 27 24 24 22
10.5 10.5 11.6 10.3 8.0 8.7 8.9 5.9 6.0 6.3
010 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09
— — 106 106 91 94 89 78 66 67
— — 36 36 32 32 33 30 25 25
0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.007 0.006
0.028 0.028 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.022 0.030 0.024 0.021 0.019
3.6 3.7 4.4 3.7 3.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.8
0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
— — 50 50 46 48 55 55 59 52
— — 29 29 28 29 26 27 26 25
0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004
0.027 0.028 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.024 0.021
0.10 0.11 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.10
— — 87 87 88 75 61 63 54 62
— — 33 33 33 30 26 25 25 27
0.010 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.007 0.009 0.010 0.007
0.050 0.038 0.035 0.043 0.038 0.037 0.033 0.038 0.039 0.029
_ _ 40 40 48 45 50 44 52 55
— — 26 26 24 22 23 22 23 26
1 29 0.65 0.54 0.48 0.79 0.48 0.57 0.63 0.70 0.43
0.11 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11
— — 64 64 59 60 53 63 58 50
— — 36 36 26 29 28 25 26 25
0008 0.009 0.009 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.004
0.040 0.043 0.041 0.040 0.033 0.021 0.029 0.028 0.047 0.024
0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 "0.01 0.01 0.01
— — 66 66 66 56 58 48 49 65
— — 40 40 33 26 28 27 29 34
0.13 0.16 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13
— — 66 66 68 58 49 66 64 45
— — 30 30 29 31 26 27 29 24
4.9 6.3 4.2 5.6 4.7 4.6 5.1 3.9 3.9 3.4
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
154 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT,
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
TUSCALOOSA, AL
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
TUSCON, AZ
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
TYLER, TX
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
UTICA-ROME,NY
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
VALLEJO-FAIRFIELD-NAPA, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
VENTURA, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
VINELAND-MILLVILLE-BRIDGETON, NJ
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
VISALIA-TULARE-PORTERVILLE, CA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
WASHINGTON, DC-MD-VA-WV
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WATERBURY, CT
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEST PALM BEACH-BOCA RATON, FL
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WHEELING, WV-OH
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1 -HOUR
Trend
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
UP
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
UP
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
UP
NS
NS
OTrend
Sites
1
2
3
5
5
2
2
1
1
3
5
10
10
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
2
4
6
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
9
3
7
13
11
11
5
5
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
0.13 0.13 0.13 0.20 0.11 0.21 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.09
0.015 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.013 0013 0010
0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12
— — 77 77 61 59 53 61 50 53
— — 28 28 24 25 24 26 26 26
0.016 0.008 0.009 0.006 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.006 0.005 0.007
0.055 0.058 0.045 0.035 0.045 0.052 0.048 0.035 0.031 0.032
— — 59 59 70 62 45 66 48 63
— — 29 29 32 28 26 26 26 27
6.4 5.2 6.8 5.7 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.5 44 43
0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
— — 90 90 87 55 53 44 40 53
— — 39 39 33 25 23 22 21 25
— — 48 48 48 37 41 53 40 51
— — 21 21 21 19 19 17 18 20
0.09 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10
7.9 6.6 7.3 7.4 6.9 6.6 5.6 5.6 5.2 42
0.22 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 002
0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.014
0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11
— — 94 94 94 98 69 46 57 51
— — 27 27 27 41 24 23 21 19
0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
0.007 0.009 0.006 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.008 0.008 0.008
4.3 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.2
0.017 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.014 0014 0014
0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13
— — 74 74 83 69 63 55 51 60
— — 38 38 34 35 30 27 29 27
0.003 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0002 0002
0.011 0.010 0.015 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.007
0.12 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.10 013
0.008 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.005 0 004
0.039 0.038 0.034 0.049 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.019 0.032 0.016
6.2 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.0 5.3 4.3 3.5 40 42
0.025 0.019 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.023 0.023 0023
0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 013 013
— — 171 171 207 135 114 107 93 120
— — 67 67 79 66 56 53 48 53
6.8 7.6 6.8 6.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 5.2 4.6 44
0.14 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 001
0.028 0.027 0.025 0.025 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.026 0026 0023
0.11 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12
— — 68 68 59 55 43 54 49 49
— — 31 31 28 27 23 23 23 23
0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0009 0007
0.032 0.030 0.030 0.036 0.030 0.029 0.032 0.027 0.032 0.020
— — 64 64 75 63 52 52 55 56
— — 31 31 31 29 23 23 25 23
0.008 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.007 0.006 0006 0005
0.039 0.038 0.055 0.048 0.042 0.038 0.029 0.021 0.030 0.019
3.8 3.8 4.0 3.7 2.7 3.1 3.7 3.1 2.8 28
0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.013 0012 0012
0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.11 0.08 008
— — 33 33 33 33 47 43 56 36
— — 19 19 19 18 20 19 18 18
0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.002 0002
0.004 0.004 0.004 0.008 0.008 0.011 0.010 0.028 0.016 0.019
7.3 6.0 4.0 5.2 7.1 5.6 5.6 4.1 4.6 50
0.10 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 155
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-17. Metropolitan Statistical Area Air Quality Trends, 1986-1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WICHITA FALLS, TX
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
WICHITA, KS
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
LEAD MAX QUARTERLY MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
WILUAMSPORT,PA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
S02 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WILMINGTON-NEWARK, DE-MD
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WORCESTER, MA-CT
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
PM-1 0 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
YAKIMA,WA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
YORK, PA
CO SECOND MAX 8-HOUR
NO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
YOUNGSTOWN-WARREN, OH
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
SO2 ARITHMETIC MEAN
SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
YUBA CITY, CA
OZONE SECOND DAILY MAX 1-HOUR
PM-10 SECOND MAX 24-HOUR
WEIGHTED ANNUAL MEAN
Trend STrend
Sites
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
DOWN
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
NS
DOWN
NS
NS
NS
NS
DOWN
2
2
3
3
1
1
3
5
2
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
2
2
1
1
1
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
— — 81 81 77 67 66 73 63 65
_ _ 34 34 30 31 30 29 28 28
0020 0.019 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.010
0.067 0.069 0.072 0.065 0.064 0.073 0.077 0.076 0.065 0.055
— — 56 56 56 55 52 62 73 57
_ _ 27 27 27 27 23 26 27 20
80 7.5 7.0 7.9 5.9 5.9 5.6 5:0 4.9 5.2
009 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
009 008 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10
— — 61 61 63 68 65 83 64 69
— — 30 30 28 31 32 31 26 27
009 009 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09
'_ — 62 62 60 67 42 58 61 59
— — 29 29 26 31 24 24 28 28
0007 0006 0009 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006
o!o44 0.026 0.035 0.042 0.025 0.026 0.029 0.025 0.042 0.027
59 49 5.3 4.5 5.4 4.0 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.6
0.13 0.15 0.19 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13
— — 84 84 91 65 52 67 82 73
_ _ 42 42 37 33 28 29 38 37
0015 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.010
0.045 0.044 0.053 0.048 0.043 0.034 0.041 0.036 0.038 0.033
8.6 7.1 5.6 7.9 6.0 7.2 8.0 6.1 5.9 4.2
0034 0.034 0.029 0.026 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.028 0.025 0.021
— — 53 53 49 47 37 41 44 39
— — 25 25 23 21 18 19 20 19
0009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.009 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.006
0.039 0.039 0.042 0.040 0.034 0.029 0.033 0.026 0.024 0.023
113 109 8.9 8.7 7.4 9.0 8.8 7.9 8.0 7.1
— — 89 89 89 170 94 90 85 61
— — 33 33 33 40 32 35 29 24
5.2 4.8 4.2 4.6 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.9 2.7
0024 0.025 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.024 0.021
0.10 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.10
— — 57 57 63 69 47 77 80 66
— — 31 31 30 32 27 31 32 30
0009 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.006
0.035 0.032 0.029 0.035 0.023 0.020 0.034 0.032 0.041 0.019
0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11
— — 86 86 78 82 77 74 78 82
— — 36 36 31 34 31 30 31 30
0014 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.010
0.062 0.057 0.077 0.043 0.053 0.048 0.056 0.063 0.051 0.038
0.12 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.11
— — 88 88 88 95 75 69 81 110
— — 39 39 39 39 34 33 34 33
Note: NS = Not Significant (no significant upward or downward trend).
156 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-18. Number of Days with PSI Values Greater Than 100 at Trend Sites, 1986-1995,
and All Sites in 1995
Metropolitan Statistical Area
AKRON, OH
ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY
ALBUQUERQUE, NM
ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA
ATLANTA, GA
AUSTIN-SAN MARCOS, TX
BAKERSFIELD, CA
BALTIMORE, MD
BATON ROUGE, LA
BERGEN-PASSAIC, NJ
BIRMINGHAM, AL
BOSTON, MA-NH
BUFFALO-NIAGARA FALLS, NY
CHARLESTON-NORTH CHARLESTON, SC
CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-ROCK HILL, NC-SC
CHICAGO, IL
CINCINNATI, OH-KY-IN
CLEVELAND-LORAIN-ELYRIA, OH
COLUMBUS, OH
DALLAS, TX
DAYTON-SPRINGFIELD, OH
DENVER, CO
DETROIT, Ml
EL PASO, TX
FORT LAUDERDALE, FL
FORT WORTH-ARLINGTON, TX
FRESNO, CA
GARY, IN
GRAND RAPIDS-MUSKEGON-HOLLAND, Ml
#0f
Trend
Sites
8
6
20
g
8
4
9
15
6
8
17
24
21
9
8
42
21
24
9
9
11
21
26
17
6
8
8
17
6
GREENSBORO-WINSTON-SALEM-HIGH POINT, NC 10
GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-ANDERSON, SC 2
HARRISBURG-LEBANON-CARLISLE, PA
HARTFORD, CT
HONOLULU, HI
HOUSTON, TX
INDIANAPOLIS, IN
JACKSONVILLE, FL
JERSEY CITY, NJ
KANSAS CITY, MO-KS
KNOXVILLE, TN
LAS VEGAS, NV-AZ
LITTLE ROCK-NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR
LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH, CA
LOUISVILLE, KY-IN
MEMPHIS, TN-AR-MS
MIAMI, FL
MIDDLESEX-SOMERSET-HUNTERDON, NJ
MILWAUKEE-WAUKESHA, Wl
MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MN-WI
8
14
4
29
27
14
8
23
11
9
7
38
17
10
8
6
17
15
1986
1
0
28
3
18
0
54
23
6
5
7
2
1
2
12
8
7
2
1
9
2
49
5
43
0
10
38
8
2
3
0
0
7
0
55
0
0
8
4
0
40
1
226
9
13
4
7
10
14
1987 1988
5 17
0 3
26 8
5 16
27 21
0 2
70 91
28 43
10 10
14 19
11 16
5 15
4 18
0 0
10 21
17 23
11 24
6 21
1 4
13 14
3 17
37 19
9 17
32 16
0 3
4 11
49 29
8 13
5 10
1 14
0 8
5 13
20 27
0 0
67 61
3 9
2 2
12 18
6 4
0 8
7 31
1 0
201 239
2 20
10 8
4 5
10 24
13 19
14 3
1989
4
0
10
0
3
1
56
9
9
4
3
4
1
0
3
4
3
4
0
7
3
11
10
33
2
8
47
1
3
0
0
0
11
0
41
2
0
2
2
0
46
0
226
3
4
4
8
8
7
1990 1991
2 2
0 0
7 5
0 3
17 6
0 1
48 49
12 20
18 6
4 3
5 0
1 3
2 0
0 1
5 2
3 8
6 7
2 3
1 3
8 1
1 1
9 7
3 8
27 13
0 0
5 9
29 33
3 3
2 2
2 0
0 0
2 0
7 14
0 0
59 42
1 1
1 0
7 8
2 1
5 0
22 15
1 0
180 184
4 4
6 1
1 2
12 8
2 10
3 2
1992
1
0
0
0
5
0
16
5
2
0
2
1
0
1
0
7
0
2
1
3
0
7
1
17
0
2
27
2
0
0
1
0
9
0
30
1
0
1
1
0
5
0
185
0
1
0
3
0
1
1993
0
0
1
0
17
0
49
14
3
0
5
3
0
0
4
1
1
2
0
5
3
3
2
10
0
1
28
0
1
2
1
1
9
0
26
0
1
5
2
2
8
0
146
6
4
0
1
0
0
1994
0
1
1
1
4
1
45
17
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
8
4
4
0
1
2
2
8
10
0
8
11
1
1
1
0
2
10
0
29
2
0
1
0
0
12
0
136
4
0
0
5
4
5
1995
1
0
2
0
19
0
45
14
7
4
12
1
0
0
1
4
7
4
1
13
2
2
11
4
1
6
19
4
1
0
0
0
9
0
54
2
2
2
6
3
7
1
103
4
7
0
1
5
3
Total
#of
Sites
7
14
26
11
15
5
21
29
14
9
17
29
22
9
29
60
24
39
12
23
12
35
35
19
19
8
17
26
9
22
8
8
17
13
34
35
19
10
28
18
18
8
41
27
15
12
8
21
28
PSI
>100
1995
1
0
2
0
23
0
50
17
12
4
15
2
0
0
3
5
7
5
2
17
2
3
11
6
1
6
29
9
5
1
2
0
9
0
57
2
2
4
6
5
11
1
106
6
8
0
5
6
3
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 157
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
TableA-18. Number of Days with PSIValues GreaterThan 100 at Trend Sites, 1986-1995,
and All Sites in 1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
MONMOUTH-OCEAN, NJ
NASHVILLE, TN
NASSAU-SUFFOLK, NY
NEW HAVEN-MERIDEN, CT
NEW ORLEANS, LA
NEW YORK, NY
NEWARK, NJ
#of
Trend
Sites
2
18
4
12
8
25
13
NORFOLK-VA BEACH-NEWPORT NEWS.VA-NC 9
OAKLAND, CA
OKLAHOMA CITY, OK
OMAHA, NE-IA
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
ORLANDO, FL
PHILADELPHIA, PA-NJ
PHOENIX-MESA, AZ
PITTSBURGH, PA
PONCE, PR
PORTLAND-VANCOUVER, OR-WA
22
13
9
11
8
38
24
36
1
12
PROVIDENCE-FALL RIVER-WARWICK, RI-MA 13
RALEIGH-DURHAM-CHAPEL HILL, NC
RICHMOND-PETERSBURG, VA
RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO, CA
ROCHESTER, NY
SACRAMENTO, CA
ST. LOUIS, MO-IL
SALT LAKE CITY-OGDEN, UT
SAN ANTONIO, TX
SAN DIEGO, CA
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
SAN JOSE. CA
SAN JUAN-BAYAMON, PR
SCRANTON-WILKES-BARRE-HAZLETON
SEATTLE-BELLEVUE-EVERETT, WA
SPRINGFIELD, MA
SYRACUSE, NY
TACOMA, WA
TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG-CLEARWATER,
TOLEDO, OH
TUSCON, AZ
TULSA, OK
VENTURA, CA
WASHINGTON, DC-MD-VA-WV
WEST PALM BEACH-BOCA RATON, FL
WILMINGTON-NEWARK, DE-MD
YOUNGSTOWN-WARREN, OH
3
10
36
9
17
53
18
7
17
11
9
10
, PA 11
14
16
4
8
FL 20
5
18
12
14
37
5
7
9
1986
0
9
9
7
3
58
20
1
8
4
1
66
1
22
88
5
6
7
0
1
170
1
69
13
26
2
70
4
17
0
0
13
5
9
4
5
2
2
4
84
12
0
9
0
1987 1988
0 0
4 23
15 10
20 16
5 2
44 46
24 33
5 8
14 10
6 0
0 1
58 65
0 0
35 35
42 27
10 20
0
11 8
10 9
2 12
8 20
171 181
1 5
52 73
17 20
7 11
2 2
61 84
1 2
18 16
2 0
1 12
14 20
3 19
3 1
9 9
5 1
2 6
4 6
2 2
54 83
26 37
0 0
16 31
0 5
1989
0
4
6
7
1
18
5
0
3
2
1
66
0
19
30
9
0
6
2
0
1
178
0
60
13
15
0
90
1
21
0
1
8
5
2
4
1
1
2
2
59
8
0
7
1
1990
0
9
7
10
0
18
8
0
5
2
0
48
2
14
9
11
0
8
7
0
3
144
1
43
8
2
1
60
1
11
0
0
5
4
1
3
3
0
0
3
36
5
0
5
0
1991
0
1
13
22
0
22
11
1
6
0
0
42
0
25
4
4
0
9
11
0
4
144
0
44
6
19
0
39
0
11
0
2
2
5
2
1
0
1
0
2
49
17
0
6
1
1992
0
1
2
3
1
4
5
2
2
0
0
43
0
3
10
2
0
2
2
0
3
155
0
21
3
10
0
37
0
2
0
0
1
4
0
1
1
0
0
1
25
2
0
2
1
1993
0
3
4
11
2
6
2
4
3
0
1
25
0
21
7
5
0
0
1
0
9
142
0
10
6
3
0
17
0
2
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
3
0
1
16
13
0
3
0
1994
0
3
3
8
2
8
6
2
3
2
1
14
0
6
9
2
0
2
2
0
1
122
0
11
12
10
1
16
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
2
24
- 7
0
1
0
1995
0
2
5
8
0
8
6
0
12
4
1
6
0
14
13
7
0
0
5
0
4
110
0
16
14
1
3
14
1
5
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
4
30
8
0
6
1
Total PSI
#of >100
Sites 1995
4 7
26 4
8 6
12 8
14 4
37 10
16 6
15 1
29 12
14 4
13 1
12 6
16 0
51 22
29 18
51 13
1 0
18 0
20 5
22 0
11 4
54 114
9 0
36 18
62 15
24 2
7 3
27 15
11 1
15 6
20 0
11 0
21 2
13 4
9 0
8 0
34 1
8 0
30 0
13 4
16 31
53 10
10 0
13 9
15 1
158 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-19. (Ozone Only) Number of Days with PSI Values Greater Than 100 at Trend Sites,
1986-1995, and All Sites in 1995
Metropolitan Statistical Area
AKRON, OH
ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY
ALBUQUERQUE, NM
ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA
ATLANTA, GA
AUSTIN-SAN MARCOS, TX
BAKERSFIELD, CA
BALTIMORE, MD
BATON ROUGE, LA
BERGEN-PASSAIC, NJ
BIRMINGHAM, AL
BOSTON, MA-NH
BUFFALO-NIAGARA FALLS, NY
CHARLESTON-NORTH CHARLESTON, SC
#0f
Trend
Sites
2
2
6
3
3
2
4
6
3
1
5
3
2
3
CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-ROCK HILL, NC-SC 3
CHICAGO, IL
CINCINNATI, OH-KY-IN
CLEVELAND-LORAIN-ELYRIA, OH
COLUMBUS, OH
DALLAS, TX
DAYTON-SPRINGFIELD, OH
DENVER, CO
DETROIT, Ml
EL PASO, TX
FORT LAUDERDALE, FL
FORT WORTH-ARLINGTON, TX
FRESNO, CA
GARY, IN
GRAND RAPIDS-MUSKEGON-HOLLAND, Ml
GREENSBORO— WINSTON-SALEM-HIGH POINT,
15
7
6
2
3
3
5
7
3
2
2
3
4
2
NC 4
GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-ANDERSON, SC 2
HARRISBURG-LEBANON-CARLISLE, PA
HARTFORD, CT
HONOLULU, HI
HOUSTON, TX
INDIANAPOLIS, IN
JACKSONVILLE, FL
JERSEY CITY, NJ
KANSAS CITY, MO-KS
KNOXVILLE, TN
LAS VEGAS, NV-AZ
LITTLE ROCK-NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR
LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH, CA
LOUISVILLE, KY-IN
MEMPHIS, TN-AR-MS
MIAMI, FL
MIDDLESEX-SOMERSET-HUNTERDON, NJ
MILWAUKEE-WAUKESHA, Wl
MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MN-WI
3
3
1
10
5
2
1
5
2
3
2
14
4
3
3
2
6
3
1986
1
0
0
3
18
0
51
18
6
2
5
2
0
2
10
6
7
2
1
9
2
3
3
19
0
10
37
5
2
3
0
0
2
0
53
0
0
4
3
0
0
1
74
9
6
4
7
10
1
1987 1988
5 17
0 3
1 0
5 15
27 21
0 2
69 84
26 40
10 10
13 18
7 15
4 15
4 18
0 0
10 21
16 22
11 24
6 21
1 4
13 14
2 17
5 4
6 16
17 6
0 3
4 11
49 28
6 13
5 10
1 14
0 8
5 13
10 24
0 0
66 61
3 9
2 2
12 18
5 4
0 8
0 3
1 0
160 178
2 20
5 8
4 5
10 24
13 19
1 1
1989
4
0
0
0
3
1
51
8
9
2
1
4
1
0
2
3
3
1
0
7
3
0
10
13
2
8
45
0
3
0
0
0
9
0
41
2
0
2
1
0
1
0
154
1
2
3
8
8
0
1990
2
0
0
0
17
0
41
11
18
3
5
1
1
0
3
0
6
2
1
8
1
2
3
9
0
5
22
3
2
2
0
2
7
0
59
1
0
7
2
5
1
1
132
4
4
1
12
2
0
1991
2
0
0
3
6
1
42
20
6
3
0
3
0
0
2
7
7
3
3
1
1
0
8
7
0
9
32
3
2
0
0
0
12
0
42
0
0
8
1
0
0
0
134
4
0
2
8
10
0
1992
1
0
o
0
5
0
15
5
2
0
2
1
0
1
0
3
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
7
0
2
27
2
0
0
1
0
8
0
30
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
143
0
0
0
3
0
0
1993
o
0
o
o
17
0
49
14
3
0
5
3
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
5
3
0
2
4
0
1
27
0
1
2
1
1
9
0
26
0
1
5
1
2
0
0
116
6
1
0
1
0
0
1994 :
o
1
1
o
4
1
43
16
2
0
6
1
0
0
o
2
4
2
0
1
2
0
6
e
o
8
11
1
1
1
0
2
10
0
29
2
0
1
0
0
0
0 '
107
4
0
0
5
4
0
1995
1
o
o
o
19
0
44
14
7
4
12
1
0
0
•(
4
7
1
1
13
2
0
g
3
1
6
19
4
•)
o
o
o
7
0
54
2
2
2
6
3
0
1
84
4
7
0
1
5
0
T
i
S
1
Total PSI
#of >100
Sites 1995
2
3
9
3
6
2
9
9
8
1
6
6
2
3
7
22
8
8
4
6
4
9
8
4
3
2
7
5
5
5
4
3
3
1
12
7
3
1
6
8
4
2
15
7
4
4
3
9
5
1
0
0
0
23
0
48
17
12
4
15
2
0
0
3
5
7
2
2
17
2
1
9
4:
1
6
28
4
5
1
2
0
7
0
57
2
2
,1
6
5
0
1
87
6
8
0
5
6
0
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 159
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-19. (Ozone Only) Number of Days with PSI Values Greater Than 100 at Trend Sites, 1986-1995,
and All Sites in 1995 (continued)
Metropolitan Statistical Area
MONMOUTH-OCEAN, NJ
NASHVILLE, TN
NASSAU-SUFFOLK, NY
NEW HAVEN-MERIDEN, CT
NEW ORLEANS, LA
NEW YORK. NY
NEWARK, NJ
#of
Trend
Sites
6
1
2
4
4
3
NORFOLK-VA BEACH-NEWPORT NEWS.VA-NC 2
OAKLAND, CA
OKLAHOMA CITY, OK
OMAHA, NE-IA
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
ORLANDO, FL
PHILADELPHIA, PA-NJ
PHOENIX-MESA, AZ
PITTSBURGH, PA
PONCE, PR
PORTLAND-VANCOUVER, OR-WA
7
4
3
4
2
8
9
6
.
3
PROVIDENCE-FALL RIVER-WARWICK, RI-MA 2
RALEIGH-DURHAM-CHAPEL HILL, NC
RICHMOND-PETERSBURG, VA
RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO, CA
ROCHESTER, NY
SACRAMENTO, CA
ST. LOUIS, MO-IL
SALT LAKE CITY-OGDEN, UT
SAN ANTONIO, TX
SAN DIEGO, CA
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
SAN JOSE. CA
SAN JUAN-BAYAMON, PR
SCRANTON-WILKES-BARRE-HAZLETON,
SEATTLE-BELLEVUE-EVERETT, WA
SPRINGFIELD, MA
SYRACUSE, NY
TACOMA, WA
TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG-CLEARWATER
TOLEDO, OH
TUSCON, AZ
TULSA, OK
VENTURA, CA
WASHINGTON, DC-MD-VA-WV
WEST PALM BEACH-BOCA RATON, FL
WILMINGTON-NEWARK, DE-MD
YOUNGSTOWN-WARREN, OH
1
4
14
2
5
16
4
2
7
3
4
PA 4
1
4
1
, FL 5
2
5
3
6
13
1
2
1
986
0
3
8
7
2
8
12
1
8
0
0
63
1
20
0
1
4
6
0
1
165
1
31
11
9
1
67
0
9
0
0
1
3
0
0
5
2
0
4
83
10
0
9
0
1987 1988
0 0
3 23
11 8
17 16
5 2
16 32
23 30
3 7
14 10
1 0
0 0
54 55
0 0
34 35
2 4
5 16
0
2 2
10 8
2 12
7 20
168 179
1 5
30 49
14 20
2 8
2 2
60 80
1 0
18 11
0 0
1 12
0 1
2 19
0 0
0 0
5 0
2 6
0 0
1 2
54 83
21 35
0 0
16 31
0 5
1989
0
2
6
7
1
12
4
0
3
0
0
48
0
17
0
2
0
0
2
0
1
169
0
20
7
7
0
81
0
6
0
1
0
5
0
0
1
1
0
2
59
5
0
7
1
1990 1991
0 0
8 1
7 13
8 20
0 0
13 19
7 8
0 1
5 5
2 0
0 0
44 42
2 0
14 25
3 0
0 2
0 0
4 1
7 11
0 0
3 4
137 141
1 0
17 29
8 6
2 1.
1 0
60 39
0 0
2 3
0 0
0 2
2 0
4 5
0 0
2 0
3 0
0 1
0 0
3 2
36 49
5 16
0 0
5 6
0 1
1992
0
1
2
3
1
3
5
2
2
0
0
41
0
3
5
0
0
2
2
0
3
153
0
20
3
0
0
37
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
25
2
0
2
0
mwmswfiwaaas
1993
0
2
4
7
2
6
2
4
3
0
0
25
0
21
5
3
0
0
1
0
9
141
0
8
6
0
0
17
0
2
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
3
0
1
16
13
0
3
0
xaftixxttf&fas&i
1994
0
3
3
6
2
8
4
2
3
0
0
14
0
5
4
2
0
0
2
0
1
121
0
11
11
1
1
16
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
0
2
24
7
0
1
0
1995
0
. 2
5
8
0
7
6
0
12
3
0
5
0
14
.,
7
6
0
0
5
0
4
104
0
16
14
1
3
14
1
5
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
4
30
8
0
6
1
Total
#of
Sites
2
9
2
2
6
8
3
3
9
4
3
4
4
10
10
11
4
3
7
4
20
2
12
18
6
2
9
3
7
4
3
4
2
1
7
4
7
3
7
17
2
4
3
PSI
>100
1995
7
4
6
8
4
9
6
1
12
3
0
5
0
14
7
10
0
0
5
0
4
107
0
18
15
2
3
15
1
6
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
4
31
10
0
9
1
160 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-20. Total Number of Days with PSI Values Greater than 100 at Trend Sites-Summary, 1986-1995
Metropolitan Statistical Area
All Trend Sites
LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH, CA
RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO, CA
All Except LA and Riverside
All Trend Sites
LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH, CA
RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO, CA
All Except LA and Riverside
#0f
Trend
Sites
1,332
38
36
1,258
370
14
14
342
1986
1,584
226
170
1,188
1,057
174
165
718
1987
1,572
201
171
1,200
1,229
160
168
901
1988
2,005
239
181
1,585
1,719
178
179
1,362
1989
1,266
226
178
862
893
154
169
570
1990 1991 1992
All Pollutants
1,034 1,017 691
180 184 185
144 144 155
710 689 351
Ozone Only
823 845 587
132 134 143
137 141 153
554 570 291
1993
694
146
142
406
623
116
141
366
1994
629
136
122
371
537
107
121
309
1995
707
103
110
494
647
84
104
459
Total
#of
Sites
1,923
41
54
1,828
532
15
20
497
PSI
>100
1995
838
106
114
618
746
87
107
522
APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES 161
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
Table A-21. Emission Reductions for Promulgated 2- and 4-Year MACT Standards
Source Dates
Category Promulation* Compliance
Chromium Electroplating
Coke Ovens
Commercial Sterilizers
Degreasers
Industrial Cooling Towers
Magnetic Tape
Stage I Gasoline Marketing
Perchloroethylene Dry Cteaning
Hazardous Organic NESHAP (HON)
Aerospace Industry
Marine Tank Vessels
Petroleum Refineries
Polymers & Resins II
Secondary Lead Smelters
Wood Furnature
Shipbuilding
Off-Site Waste
Printing and Publishing
Polymers and Resins IV
Polymers and Resins 1
11/94
10/93
11/94
11/94
7/94
11/94
11/94
9/93
2/94
7/95
7/95
7/95
2/95
5/95
11/95
11/95
5/96
5/96
5/96
7/96
1/96
11/93
12/97
12/97
3/96
12/96
12/97
12/93
10/94
9/98
99
8/98
3/98
6/97
11/97
12/97
7/99
5/99
9/99
9/99
#of Emissions Reduct., HAPs Controlled
Facilties Mg/Yr Pollutants
5,000 157
75 Batt. 1,305 if MACT
1,500 if LAER
75 1,000
25,000 77,000
25
14 2,080
260 2,300
30,000 35,600
370 460,000
3,000 164,100
28 4,500
190 48,000
19 97
23 1,300
750 29,800
35 318
750 43,000
200 6,700
10,420
6,400
Chromium
Coke Oven Emissions
Ethylene Oxide
Methylene Chloride, TCE,
Perchloroethylene, 111 -TCA,
Carbon Tetrachloride, Chloroform
Chromium
MEK, MIBK, Toluene, Xylene,
Ethylbenzene
Hexane, Toluene, Benzene, others
Perchloroethylene
Many CAAA Section 112 HAPs
Chromium, Toluene, MEK, TCE,
III-TCA, MIBK, many others
Benzene, Hexane, Toluene
Benzene, Toluene, Xylene,
Ethylbenzene, Hexane
Epichlorohydrin
Lead & Arsenic Compounds,
1 ,3-Butadiene
Ethylene Glycol, Formaldehyde,
Methanol, Toluene, Xylene, Others
MEK, MIBK, Toluene, Xylene,
Ethyl Benzene, Others
Methlyene Chloride, TCE, MEK,
MIBK, Toluene, Others
Ethylene Gylcol, Ethly Benzene,
Methanol, Toluene, Xylene,
Ethyl Gylcol Monobutyl Ether
Methanol, 1-3 Butadiene,
Styrene, Others
Toluene, Hexane, 1-3 Butadiene
Styrene, Others
* Date regulation signed by the Administrator.
162 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES
-------
APPENDIX B
Methodology
Air Quality Data Base
The ambient air quality data presented in this
report are obtained from EPA's Aerometric
Information Retrieval System (AIRS). These
are direct measurements of pollutant concen-
trations at monitoring stations operated by
state and local governments throughout the
nation. The monitoring stations are generally
located in larger urban areas. EPA and other
federal agencies operate some air quality
monitoring sites on a temporary basis as a part
of air pollution research studies. The national
monitoring network conforms to uniform
criteria for monitor siting, instrumentation, and
quality assurance.1-2
In 1995,4800 monitoring sites reported air
quality data for one or more of the six NAAQS
pollutants to AIRS. The geographic locations of
these monitoring sites are displayed in Figures
B-l to B-6. The sites are identified as National
Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) or State and
Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS).
Air quality monitoring sites are selected as
national trends sites if they have complete data
for at least eight of the 10 years between 1986
and 1995. The annual data completeness
criteria are appropriate to each pollutant and
measurement methodology. Table B-l displays
the number of sites meeting the 10-year trend
completeness criteria. For the PM-10 standard
which was established in 1987, the trend
analyses are based on sites with data in seven
of the eight years between 1988 and 1995.
Because of the annual turnover of monitoring
sites, the use of a moving 10-year window
maximizes the number of sites available for
trends and yields a data base that is more con-
sistent with the current monitoring network.
The air quality data are divided into two
major groupings: daily (or 24-hour) measure-
Table B-1. Number of Ambient Monitors Reporting
Data to AIRS
^ffllyy%M^^^^B^Jj!J^-;«^»fe<; •,lvV^^^>.-'|--^§P«;-'
ments and continuous 1-hour measurements.
The daily measurements are obtained from mon-
itoring instruments that produce one measure-
ment per 24-hour period and typically operate on
a systematic sampling schedule of once every six
days, or 61 samples per year. Such instruments
are used to measure PM-10 and lead. More
frequent sampling of PM-10 (every other day or
every day) is also common. Only PM-10
weighted (for each quarter to account for sea-
sonality) annual arithmetic means that meet the
AIRS annual summary criteria are selected as
valid means for trends purposes.3 Only lead sites
with at least six samples per quarter in three of the
four calendar quarters qualify as trends sites.
Monthly composite lead data are used if at least
two monthly samples are available for at least
three of the four calendar quarters,
Monitoring instruments that operate con-
tinuously produce a measurement every hour
for a possible total of 8760 hourly measure-
ments in a year. For hourly data, only annual
averages based on at least 4380 hourly obser-
vations are considered as trends statistics. The
SO2 standard-related daily statistics require 183
APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY 163
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
daily values to be included in the analysis.
Ozone sites meet the annual trends data
completeness requirement if they have at least
50 percent of the daily data available for the
ozone season, which varies by state, but
typically runs from May through September.4
Air QualityTrend Statistics
The air quality statistics presented in this report
relate to the pollutant-specific NAAQS and
comply with the recommendations of the Intra-
Agency Task Force on Air Quality Indicators.5
A composite average of each of the trend
statistics is used in the graphical presentations
throughout this report. All sites were weighted
equally in calculating the composite average
trend statistic. Missing annual summary
statistics for the second through ninth years for
a site are estimated by linear interpolation from
the surrounding years. Missing end points are
replaced with the nearest valid year of data.
The resulting data sets are statistically baK
anced, allowing simple statistical procedures
and graphics to be easily applied. This pro-
cedure also is conservative since endpoint rates
of change are dampened by the interpolated
estimates.
Emissions Estimates Methodology
Trends are presented for annual nationwide
emissions of CO, lead, nitrogen oxides (NOX),
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM-10,
and SO2. These are estimates of the amount
and kinds of pollution being emitted by auto-
mobiles, factories and other sources, based
upon best available engineering calculations.
The estimates of emissions in this report
differ from those reported in previous reports
due to improvements in emissions estimation
methodologies. Readers should note that the
1990 to 1995 emissions estimates are based on
some preliminary data and are subject to
revision in future reports. Also, this report
incorporates data from continuous emissions
monitors collected between 1994 and 1995 for
NOx and SO2 emissions at major electric
utilities. Additional emissions estimates and a
more detailed description of the estimation
methodology are available in a companion
report, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends,
1900-1995.6
164
APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY 165
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
j2monitoringnetwork, 1995. _ ''***•<*
166 APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY 167
-------
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT, 1995
References
1. Clean Air Act Amendments of '2990, U.S. Code, 5.
volume 42, section 7403(c)(2), 1990.
2. Ambient Air Quality Surveillance, 44 CFR
27558, May 10,1979.
3. Aerometric Information Retrieval System
(AIRS), Volume 2, U.S. Environmental Pro- g
tection Agency, Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,
NC, October, 1993.
4. Ambient Air Quality Surveillance, 51FR 9597,
March 19,1986.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Intra-
Agency Task Force Report on Air Quality In-
dicators, EPA-450/4-81-015, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC, February 1981.
National Air Pollutant Emission Trends,
1900-1995, EPA-454/R-96-007, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC, October, 1995.
168
APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(PLEASE READ INSTRUCTIONS ON THE REVERSE BEFORE COMPLETING)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-454/R-96-005
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1995
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
T. Fitz-Simons, W. Freas, D. Guinnup, J. Hemby, D. Mintz,
C. Sansevero, M. Schmidt, R. Thompson, M. Wayland, R. Damberg
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report presents national trends in air quality for carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, and sulfur
dioxide. Trends are presented for the long term (when available), for the 10-year period from 1986 to 1995, and for the short term
(changes over the past year). In addition to air quality trends from data collected at monitoring stations across the country, trends in
annual nationwide emissions are also presented. Emissions trends are estimated using the best available engineering calculations.
While the pollutants named above are emphasized in this report, related topics are also included. These include visibility, air toxics,
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS), nonattainment areas, and trends in Metropolitan Statistical Areas. The report
also contains a substantial appendix of data tables.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS)
Visibility Air Pollution
Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) Air Toxics
Air Pollution Trends Particulate Matter
Emissions Trends Air Quality Standards
Carbon Monoxide Lead Ozone
C!itlfii»* T\Sftvi«lA
)CQn Ijioxitli
iTRIBUTION
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI FIELD/GROUP
18. DIS
STATEMENT
21. NO. OF PAGES
RELEASE UNLIMITED
22. PRICE
-------
------- |