&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
5403W
EPA 510-B-94-002
April 1994
Don't Wait Until 1998
Spill, Overfill, And Corrosion
Protection for Underground
Storage Tanks
Printed on Recycled Paper
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CONTENTS
Why Should You Read This Booklet? 1
Why Should You Upgrade Or Replace Early? 2
What Are The Basic Upgrade Requirements For
Existing USTs? 3
How Can You Protect Against Spills? 4
How Can You Protect Against Overfills? 6
How Can You Protect Against Corrosion? 8
What Are Cathodic Protection Methods? 11
What If You Close Or Replace The UST? 12
What About Hazardous Substance USTs? 13
Sources Of Information On USTs 14
Quick Compliance Checklist 16
NOTE: The requirements for underground storage tanks
referred to in this booklet can be found in the Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR), see 40 CFR, Part 280.
Sections of the CFR can be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, Box 371954, Pittsburgh,
PA 15250-7954.
DISCLAIMER: Any reference to or depiction of
commercial products in this booklet is solely for
explanatory purposes and is not intended as an
endorsement of these products.
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Why Should You Read This Booklet?
This booklet contains information to help you meet requirements for
underground storage tank systems (USTs) installed before December
22, 1988. We call these older tank systems "existing USTs."
Federal rules require you to make sure your existing USTs have the
following by December 22, 1998:
• Spill protection
• Overfill protection
• Corrosion protection
Check with your state regulatory agency to find out if the state has
an earlier deadline or additional requirements.
You must choose one of the following actions for an existing UST:
• Add spill, overfill, and corrosion protection by
December 22, 1993
• Close the existing UST by December 22, 1998
• Replace the closed existing UST with a new UST
You should act as soon as possible. Without the protection provided
by upgrading or replacing, your UST is more likely to leak, damage
the environment, and leave you with costly cleanups. The next page
lists several advantages of acting early.
This booklet focuses on how you can meet upgrade requirements.
The basic upgrade requirements are listed on page 3. Some
information on properly closing an UST appears on page 12. You can
find more information on the requirements for new UST systems
(those installed after December 22, 1988) in EPA's publication
"Musts for USTs" (ordering information on page 15).
This booklet uses
"upgrading" and
"upgrade" to mean
adding spill,
overfill, and
corrosion
protection to
existing USTs.
tf your existing
USTs have not
been upgraded or
have not been
properly closed by
the 1998 deadline,
you can be cited
for violations and
fined.
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Why Should You Upgrade Or Replace Early?
Start planning your
upgrade, closure,
or replacement
NOW!
Early upgrading or replacing prevents leaks that would
otherwise occur between now and December 1998. Avoiding
leaks benefits the environment and your business. If your LIST
does not leak, you will not face costly mandatory cleanups or
potential criminal suits or civil suits for damage claims.
As December 1998 nears, increased customer demand to
upgrade, close, or replace USTs may result in higher charges
for these services. Also, you may have trouble finding
available contractors and supplies needed to meet the deadline.
It can take several months to upgrade, close, or replace your
system. Bad weather or contractor delays are not unusual.
Before work can start, local construction and regulatory
permits may be necessary. The sooner you get started, the
better the chance you will meet or beat the 1998 deadline.
If you miss the 1998 deadline for any of the reasons noted
above, you can be cited for violations and fined. Failure to be
in compliance may reduce or eliminate coverage provided by
insurance firms or state reimbursement funds—just when you
may need these financial resources.
Your state reimbursement fund or insurance company may
offer financial incentives to upgrade or replace earlier, such as
lower deductibles or premiums.
Current state assistance programs that provide low cost loans
to upgrade or replace USTs may be gone by 1998. Acting
sooner may allow you to take advantage of these programs.
If you discover a leak during upgrading or closing and need
help from your state reimbursement fund, you may find the
state fund bottlenecked with multiple claims around 1998.
Don't let 1993
arrive before you
are ready!
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What Are The Basic Upgrade Requirements
For Existing USTs?
Spill Protection (see pages 4-5)
Existing tanks must have catchment basins to contain spills
from delivery hoses.
Overfill Protection (see pages 6- 71
Existing tanks must use ONE of the following:
• Automatic shutoff devices
• Overfill alarms
• Ball float valves
Corrosion Protection {seepages a-1 u
Existing tanks must match ONE of the following:
• Steel tank has corrosion-resistant coating AND cathodic
protection (such as an sti-P3® tank)
• Tank made of noncorroclible material (such as fiberglass)
• Steel tank clad with noncorrodible material (such as an ACT-
100® tank) or tank enclosed in noncorrodible material
• Uncoated steel tank has cathodic protection system
• Uncoated steel tank has interior lined with noncorrodible
material
• Uncoated steel tank has cathodic protection AND interior
lined with noncorrodible material
Existing piping must match ONE of the following:
• Uncoated steel piping has cathodic protection
• Steel piping has a corrosion-resistant coating AND cathodic
protection
• Piping made of (or enclosed in) noncorrodible material (such
as fiberglass)
1998 Deadline:
Existing USTs must
be protected from
spills, overfills, and
corrosion by
December 1998*
ALL tanks end
piping must already
have leek
detection. See
EPA's "Straight
Talk on Tanks"
(ordering
information on
page
When new USTs
are installed, they
must have teak
detection and
protection from
spills, overfills, and
corrosion. See
EPA's "Musts for
USTs" (ordering
information on
page 15).
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How Can You Protect Against Spills?
You and your fuel
deliverer should see
"Keeping It Clean,"
a video that shows
how deliveries can
be made safely
with no spills
(ordering
information on
page 15),
Many releases at UST sites come from spills. Spills often occur at
the fill pipe when the delivery truck's hose is disconnected. Although
these spills are usually small, repeated small releases can cause big
environmental problems.
Human error causes most spills. These mistakes can be avoided by
following standard tank filling practices. For example, you must
make sure there is room in the UST for the delivery, and the delivery
driver must watch the delivery at all times. If you and the delivery
driver follow standard practices, nearly all spills can be prevented.
For this reason, federal UST regulations require that you follow
standard filling practices now.
In addition, USTs must have catchment basins to contain spills. New
USTs must have catchment basins when they are installed.
Federal rules require that existing USTs must have catchment
basins by December 1998.
If an UST never
receives more than
25 gallons at a
time, the UST does
not have to meet
the spill protection
requirements. For
example, many
small used oil tanks
fall in this category.
What Are Catchment Basins?
Catchment basins are also called "spill containment manholes" or
"spill buckets." Basically, a catchment basin is a bucket sealed
around the fill pipe (see illustration below).
Pump
Catchment Basin
Fill Pipe
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To protect against spills, the basin should be large enough to contain
what may spill when the delivery hose is uncoupled from the fill pipe.
Basins range in size from those capable of holding only a few gallons
to those that are much larger—the larger the catchment basin, the
more spill protection it provides.
You need a way to remove liquid from catchment basins.
Manufacturers equip catchment basins with either pumps or drains
to remove liquid. The illustration on the previous page shows a
catchment basin with a pump; the illustration below shows a
catchment basin with a drain.
Your equipment
supplier can help
you choose the size
and type of
catchment basin
that meets your
needs.
Catchment
Basin
Drain
Fill Pipe
You should try to keep water out of catchment basins. Some
catchment basins can collect enough water and sediment, along with
spilled product, to make draining this mixture into the tank unwise.
If this happens, you may pump out the catchment basin and dispose
of the liquid properly. If the liquid contains fuel or chemicals, it could
be considered a hazardous waste. Contact your state agency
responsible for hazardous waste for information on testing and
handling requirements.
Having the
surrounding surface
slope away from
the top of
catchment basins
helps keep water
out of them.
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How Can You Protect Against Overfills?
If an U$T never
receives more than
25 gallons at a
time, the UST does
not have to meet
the overfill
protection
requirements. For
example, many
small used oil tanks
fait in this category.
Fill Pipe
Shutoff
Valve
Float
Overfills usually release much larger volumes than spills. When a
tank is overfilled, large volumes can be released at the fill pipe and
through loose fittings on the top of the tank or a loose vent pipe.
The tightness of these fittings normally would not be a problem if the
tank were not filled beyond its capacity.
You can solve overfill problems by:
• Making sure there is enough room in the tank for the delivery
BEFORE the delivery is made;
• Watching the entire delivery to prevent overfilling or spilling; and
• Using equipment that protects against overfills.
Federal rules require that existing USTs must have overfill
protection devices by December 1998.
New USTs must have overfill protection devices when they are
installed. The three main types of overfill protection devices
(automatic shutoff devices, overfill alarms, and ball float valves) are
described below and on the next page.
NOTE: If you have "pumped delivery" where fuel is delivered under
pressure, you must make sure your overfill protection device works
compatibly with pumped deliveries. Also, remember that overfill
protection devices are effective only when combined with careful
filling practices.
1. What Are Automatic Shutoff Devices?
An automatic shutoff device installed in an UST's fill pipe can slow
down and then stop the delivery when the product has reached a
certain level in the tank. This device—sometimes simply called a "fill
pipe device" —has one or two valves that are operated by a float
mechanism (the illustration on the left shows one kind of automatic
shutoff device).
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Some automatic shutoff devices work in two stages. The first stage
drastically reduces the flow of product to alert the driver that the
tank is nearly full. The driver can then close the delivery valve and
still have room in the tank for the product left in the delivery hose.
If the driver does not pay attention and the liquid level rises higher,
the valve closes completely and no more liquid can be delivered into
the tank, leaving the driver with a delivery hose full of product.
To work properly,
all overfill devices
must be Installed
the
comet distance
below the tank top
specified by the
manufacturer.
2. What Are Overfill Alarms?
Overfill alarms use probes installed in the tank (see illustration on the
right) to activate an alarm when the tank is either 90 percent full or
within 1 minute of being overfilled. Either way, the alarm should
provide enough time for the driver to close the truck's shutoff valve
before an overfill happens. Alarms must be located where the driver
can see or hear them easily. (Overfill alarms are often a part of
automatic tank gauging systems.)
Overfill alarms work only if they alert the driver at the right time and
the driver responds quickly. Remember to put the alarm on an
electrical circuit that is active all the time so that the alarm will
always work. Many deliveries are made at night when the facility is
closed. You don't want to turn off your alarm when you turn off the
office lights.
3. What Are Ball Float Valves?
Ball float valves (see illustration on the right) are placed at the bottom
of the vent line several inches below the top of the LIST. The ball
floats on the product and rises with product level during delivery until
it restricts vapor flowing out the vent line—before the tank is full. If
all tank fittings are tight, the ball float valve carvcreate enough back
pressure to restrict product flow into the tank—which can notify the
driver to close the truck's shutoff valve. However, if the LIST has
loose fittings, sufficient back pressure may not develop and will result
in an overfill. Note: Manufacturers do not recommend using ball
float valves with suction piping, pressurized delivery, or coaxial
Stage I vapor recovery.
Whtor Level,
Float
Fitted to
Vent Line
Ball Float
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How Can You Protect Against Corrosion?
Corrosion results
when bare mete/
and soil and
moisture conditions
combine to produce
an underground
electric current that
destroys hard
metal. Overtime,
corrosion creates
holes and leaks
develop.
Federal rules require corrosion protection for USTs because
unprotected steel USTs corrode and release product through
corrosion holes.
You already meet the requirements for corrosion protection if your
UST system matches one of the following performance standards for
new USTs:
• Tank and piping completely made of noncorrodible material, such
as fiberglass. Corrosion protection is also provided if tank and
piping are completely isolated from contact with the surrounding
soil by being enclosed in noncorrodible material (sometimes called
"jacketed" with noncorrodible material).
• Tank and piping made of steel having a corrosion-resistant coating
AND having cathodic protection (such as an sti-P3® tank with
appropriate piping). A corrosion-resistant coating electrically
isolates the coated metal from the surrounding environment to
help protect against corrosion. Asphaltic coating does not qualify
as a corrosion-resistant coating. Methods of cathodic protection
are briefly explained on page 11.
• Tank made of steel clad with a thick layer of noncorrodible
material (such as an ACT-100® tank). This option does not apply
to piping. Galvanized steel is not a noncorrodible material.
It is not practical to add coatings or claddings to existing steel USTs
that have no corrosion protection. Instead, you must choose one of
the following three methods to add corrosion protection to existing
steel tanks:
1. Add cathodic protection or
2. Add interior lining to tank or
3. Combine cathodic protection and interior lining.
These methods are described on the following pages.
8
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1. Add cathodic protection. If you are adding only cathodic
protection, you must do the following:
• First, assess tank integrity. Satisfy ONE of the following
methods to make sure that the tank is structurally sound:
• If the tank is LESS THAN 10 YEARS OLD, you can use
results from one of the monthly leak detection methods
to show the LIST is not leaking (groundwater
monitoring, vapor monitoring, interstitial monitoring,
automatic tank gauging, statistical inventory
reconciliation, or other approved methods).
• If the tank is LESS THAN 10 YEARS OLD, you can use
results from two tank tightness tests to show the UST
is not leaking. The first test takes place before you
install cathodic protection, and the second test takes
place between 3 and 6 months after installation.
• If the tank is 10 YEARS OLD OR MORE, it must be
internally inspected, tested, and assessed to make sure
that the tank is structurally sound and free of corrosion
holes (see page 14 for industry codes).
• You can assess the tank for corrosion holes by a
method that the implementing agency determines is no
less protective than those above. (For example, a
national consensus code may be developed for
assessing tank integrity without internal inspection.)
• Second, install cathodic protection. Regulations require a
qualified cathodic protection expert to design, supervise
installation, and inspect cathodic protection systems installed
at the UST site. The system must be tested by a qualified
cathodic protection tester within 6 months of installation and
at least every 3 years thereafter. You will need to keep the
results of the last two tests to prove that the cathodic
protection is working. In addition, you must inspect an
impressed current system every 60 days to verify that the
system is operating. Keep results of your last three
inspections to prove that the impressed current system is
operating properly.
Only tanks proven
to be structurally
sound can have
cathodic protection
added to them.
Using cathodic
protection requires
periodic tests and
inspections, as well
as consistent
recordkeeping (see
page 14 for
industry codes).
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Only tanks proven
to be structurally
sound can be lined.
Add interior lining to the tank. The interior of a tank can be
lined with a thick layer of noncorrodible material (see page 14 for
industry codes). Tanks using only an interior lining for corrosion
protection must pass an internal reinspection in 10 years and
every 5 years after that to make sure that the lining is sound.
Keep records of the inspection results.
Combine cathodic protection and interior lining. You can add
both cathodic protection and interior lining. The advantages for
you of this combined method are simple: your USTs receive more
cathodic protection; and you are not required to have the interior
lining periodically inspected (which saves you the cost of these
inspections). You will still need to have the cathodic protection
system periodically tested and inspected and to keep records (as
explained on page 9).
And what about piping?
Existing steel piping must have cathodic protection. Note that
cathodic protection needs to be tested and inspected periodically and
records kept as described on page 9.
Piping entirely made of (or enclosed in) noncorrodible material, such
as fiberglass, does not need cathodic protection.
10
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What Are Cathodic Protection Methods?
IMPRESSED CURRENT SYSTEM
An impressed current system uses a rectifier to convert alternating
current to direct current (see illustration below). This current is sent
through an insulated wire to the "anodes," which are special metal
bars buried in the soil near the LIST. The current then flows through
the soil to the UST system, and returns to the rectifier through an
insulated wire attached to the UST. The UST system is protected
because the current going to the UST system overcomes the
corrosion-causing current normally flowing away from it.
Grade
Impressed
Curre it
Current Path
SACRIFICIAL ANODE SYSTEM
Another type of cathodic protection (not illustrated here) is called a
sacrificial anode or galvanic system. Although sacrificial anode
systems work with new USTs, corrosion protection experts generally
agree that sacrificial anodes do not work effectively or economically
with most existing steel USTs. Only a qualified cathodic protection
expert can determine what kind of cathodic protection will work at
your UST site.
For more
information on
corrosion and how
USTs can be
protected from It
contact NACE
International
fformerly the
National
Association of
Corrosion
Engineers) or other
professionals in this
field (see page T4J.
11
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What If You Close Or Replace The UST?
WARNING: People
are kilted OF injured
every year while
closing or removing
tanks. Use safe
removal practices
(see page 14 for a
safe closure
standard). Only
qualified
contractors should
close or remove
U$Ts.
If you do not upgrade your existing UST, then you must properly
close it. After closing the UST, you may replace it by installing a
new UST. Basically, federal rules require the following when closing
or replacing an UST:
• Notify your regulatory authority at least 30 days before you take
an UST out of service for closure or replacement. (The regulatory
authority may want to monitor the actions you take.)
• Determine if releases from your UST have contaminated the
surrounding environment. You can use the results of monthly
vapor or groundwater monitoring to show that your site is not
contaminated. Otherwise you will need to do a site assessment.
Check to see if your state requires additional closure assessment
measures. If you find contamination, you will have to take
corrective action (see page 15 for ordering EPA's booklet on
taking corrective action).
• Have the tank emptied of liquids, dangerous vapor levels, and
accumulated sludge. These potentially very hazardous actions
need to be carried out by trained personnel who carefully follow
standard safety practices. After the tank has been properly
emptied, you can have it removed. If you want to leave the UST
in the ground, you must fill it with a harmless and chemically
inactive solid. However, you should check to see if your state
requires removal of the UST.
12
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What About Hazardous Substance USTs?
Several hundred substances are designated as "hazardous" in Section
101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, better known as CERCLA.
The UST regulations apply to tanks that store the same hazardous
substances identified by CERCLA, except for those listed as
hazardous wastes. Information on CERCLA hazardous substances is
available through EF'A's RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346.
If your hazardous substance UST was installed before December 22,
1988, you have until December 22, 1998 to add spill, overfill, and
corrosion protection (see pages 4-11). Otherwise, you must properly
close the UST (see page 12). By this same date, hazardous
substance USTs must also have leak detection systems that include
secondary containment and interstitial monitoring. The leak detection
system must be able to detect a leak in the interstitial space within
30 days of occurrence. (Some regulatory authorities may allow you
to apply for permission to use another leak detection method.)
Secondary containment is created by placing a barrier inside or
outside the tank and piping so that any leaks are contained within the
space between the barrier and the tank and piping. This containment
space is called the "interstitial space" and must be monitored for
leaks. Methods that create an interstitial space for existing systems
are currently limited in number and not available everywhere.
For more information on hazardous substance USTs, see "Musts for
USTs" (ordering information on page 15).
PARTIAL LIST OF
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
Acenaphthene
Acenaphlhylene
Acctaldehyde
Acctaldehyde, chloro-
Acetaldehyde, tricloro-
Chromic sulfate
Cboromium
CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Chromous chloride
ChiyKne
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous formate
Cobaltous lulfamate
Copper
Copper cyanide
Famphur
Ferri ammonium citrate
Fern ammonium oxalate
Fern chloride
Ferri dextran
Ferri fluoride
Ferri nitrate
Ferri lulfate
Keithane
Kepone
Lasiocarpine
LEAD AND COMPOUNDS
Lead
Lead acetate
Lead anenate
Lead chloride
Lead fluoborate
Lead iodide
Zinc nitrate
Zinc phenosulfonate
Zinc phosphide
Zinc silicoflouride
Zinc sulfate
Zirconium nitrate
Zirconium sulfate
Zirconium tetrachloride
CASRN*
83329
208968
75070
107200
75876
10101538
7440473
-
10049055
218019
7789437
544183
14017415
7440508
544923
52857
1185575
2944674
7705080
9004664
7783508
10421484
10028225
115322
143500
303344
-
7439921
301042
7784409
7758954
13814965
10101630
7779886
127882
1314847
16871719
7733020
13746899
14644612
10026116
* Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
NOTE: You may find the "Quick
Compliance Checklist" on page 16
to be helpful.
13
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ORGANIZATIONS TO
CONTACT FOR TANK
INFORMATION
API (American Petroleum Institute)
1220 L Street, N..W.
Washington, DC 20005
202 682-8000
ASTM (American Society for Testing and
Materials)
1916 Race Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
215 299-5585
Fiberglass Petroleum Tank and
Pipe Institute
9801 Westheimeir, Suite 606
Houston, TX 77042-3951
713465-3310
NACE International (formerly the National
Association of Corrosion Engineers)
Box 218340
Houston, TX 77218-8340
713492-0535
National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park
Box 9109
Quincy, MA 02269-9101
617 770-3000
NLPA (National Leak Prevention
Association)
Box 1643
Boise, ID 83701
208 389-2074
PEI (Petroleum Equipment Institute)
Box 2380
Tulsa, OK 74101-2380
918 494-9696
STI (Steel Tank Institute)
570 Oakwood Road
Lake Zurich, IL 60047
708 438-8265
INDUSTRY CODES AND
STANDARDS
Assessing Tank Integrity and Interior Lining
of Tank
API Recommended Practice 1631 (1992),
"Interior Lining of Underground Storage
Tanks"
NLPA Standard 631 (1991), "Entry,
Cleaning, Interior Inspection, Repair, and
Lining of Underground Storage Tanks"
[An ASTM consensus code may be
published to standardize alternatives to
internal inspections that assess tank
integrity.]
Cathodic Protection
API Recommended Practice 1632 (1987),
"Cathodic Protection of Underground
Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping
Systems"
NACE RP-0169-92 (1992), "Recommended
Practice: Control of Corrosion on External
Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping
Systems"
NACE RP-0285-85 (1985), "Recommended
Practice: Control of External Corrosion on
Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or
Submerged Liquid Storage Systems"
STI R892-91 (1991), "Recommended
Practice for Corrosion Protection of
Underground Piping Networks Associated
with Liquid Storage and Dispensing
Systems"
Closing USTs
API Recommended Practice 1604 (1987),
"Removal and Disposal of Used
Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks"
14
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General
API Recommended Practice 1615 (1987),
"Installation of Underground Petroleum
Storage Systems"
PEI RP100-94 (1994), "Recommended
Practice for Installation of Underground
Liquid Storage Systems"
EPA PUBLICATIONS
Leak Detection Requirements
"Straight Talk On Tanks: A Summary of
Leak Detection Methods for Petroleum
Underground Storage Tanks." To order this
free publication, call EPA's toll-free
RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346
and ask for EPA 530/UST-90/012.
Installing New USTs and General
Information
"Musts for USTs: A Summary of the
Regulations for Underground Storage Tank
Systems." Order from Superintendent of
Documents, Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA
15250-7954; order #055-000-00294-1
($2.50 a copy).
Taking Corrective Action
"Oh No! Petroleum Leaks and Spills: What
Do You Do?" To order this free publication,
call EPA's toll-free RCRA/Superfund Hotline
at 800 424-9346 and ask for EPA
530/UST-88/004.
Tank Filling
"Keeping It Clean: Making Safe and Spill-
Free Motor Fuel Deliveries." For ordering
information call EPA's toll-free
RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346
(video costs about $60).
Closure
"Tank Closure Without Tears" and "What
Do We Have Here?" Videos and companion
booklets available ($20 to $45) from New
England Interstate Water Pollution Control
Commission, ATTN: VIDEOS, 2 Fort Road,
South Portland, ME 04106.
15
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Quick Compliance Checklist
You should be in compliance with the "upgrade" requirements if you can check
off the major items below for each of your existing LIST systems by December
1998:
D Spill protection provided by a catchment basin
D Overfill protection provided by an automatic shutoff device, overfill alarm,
or ball float valve
D Corrosion protection for the tank provided by one of the following:
° Steel tank has corrosion-resistant coating AND cathodic
protection
n Tank made of noncorrodible material (such as fiberglass)
° Steel tank clad with (or enclosed in) noncorrodible material
° Uncoated steel tank has cathodic protection system
° Uncoated steel tank has interior lined with noncorrodible
material
° Uncoated steel tank has cathodic protection AND interior
lined with noncorrodible material steel tank
D Corrosion protection for piping provided by one of the following:
a Uncoated steel piping has cathodic protection
° Steel piping has a corrosion-resistant coating AND cathodic
protection
° Piping made of (or enclosed in) noncorrodible material
D If you have decided not to upgrade your existing LIST system with the items
above, you have properly closed the LIST system. If you subsequently install
a new LIST system, the new installation meets all the regulatory requirements
for installations after December 22, 1988.
16
vl US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE )9s4 - 515-nOj - 1302/01003
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&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
5403W
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
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