United States
         Environmental Protection
         Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
5403W
EPA510-K-95-002
July 1995
&EPA    Musts For USTs
         A Summary Of Federal
         Regulations For Underground
         Storage Tank Systems
                              Printed on Recycled Paper

-------
                           CONTENTS





What Are These Regulations About?	  1




Tables Showing Basic LIST Requirements And Deadlines 	  4




What Do New Petroleum USTs Need?  	  6




What Do Existing Petroleum USTs Need?	 18




What Do You Do About UST Releases?	 22




How Do You Close USTs?	 25




What Do You Need To Report?	 26




What Records Must You Keep?  	 27




For Hazardous Substance USTs Only  	 28




Industry Codes And Standards	 31




Organizations To Contact For UST Information	 32



Publications And Videos About USTs  	 33



State Contacts For UST Information	 35

-------
WHAT ARE THESE REGULATIONS ABOUT?
Over one million underground storage tank systems (USTs) in the United States
contain petroleum or hazardous substances regulated by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Many of these USTs have leaked or are currently
leaking.  More USTs will leak unless owners and operators make sure their
USTs meet the requirements described in this booklet.

Releases from USTs-from spills, overfills, or leaking tanks and piping-
can cause fires or explosions that threaten human safety. Releases from
USTs can also contaminate the groundwater that many of us depend on for the
water we drink.

Properly managed, USTs will not threaten our health or environment.  Federal
legislation, therefore, directed EPA to develop the UST regulations described in
this booklet.  Regulations require owners and operators of USTs to:

#   Prevent releases from USTs (see pages 7, 12-17, and 19-21);

#   Detect releases from USTs (see pages 8-11 and 19); and

#   Correct the problems created by releases from USTs (see pages 22-24).

In addition, the regulations require owners and operators of USTs to
demonstrate their ability to pay for correcting the problems created if their USTs
do leak (see pages 2 and 5).
Releases from USTs
can threaten human
health and safety.
UST releases can
also contaminate
soil and drinking
water supplies. As
of April 1995, more
than 287,000 UST
releases had been
confirmed. EPA
estimates that about
half of these
releases reached
groundwater.
                                   50%
                                  OF THE U.S
                                POPULATION USES
                               GROUND WATER AS A
                               SOURCE OF DRINKING
                                   WATER
                          Musts For USTs 1

-------
                          How Will These Regulations Affect You?
If your USTs do
not meet these
requirements by
the indicated
deadlines, you can
be cited for
violations and
fined.
 SEPA  Dollars And Sense

     Financial Responsibility
     Requirements For
     Underground Storage Tanks
The regulations describe the steps you, as an LIST owner or operator, need to
take to help protect our health and environment. These steps will also help you
avoid the high cost of cleaning up the environment and involving yourself in legal
actions that can result if your tank or its piping leaks.

You must take these steps:

#  If you install an UST after December 22, 1988, it must meet the
   requirements for new USTs concerning correct installation, leak detection,
   and spill, overfill,  and corrosion protection (see pages 6-17).

#  If you have an UST that was installed before December 22, 1988, it must
   meet two major requirements:

   1)    By December 1993, your UST must have leak detection
         (see pages  8-11 and 19).

   2)    By December 1998, your UST must have spill, overfill, and corrosion
         protection  (see pages 12-17 and 19-21).

#  You must take corrective action in response to leaks (see pages 22-24).

#  You must follow closure requirements for tanks you temporarily or
   permanently close (see  page 25).

#  You must demonstrate your financial responsibility for the cost of cleaning
   up a leak and compensating other people for bodily injury and property
   damage. The financial responsibility requirements appear in the Code of
   Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 280.  These requirements are briefly
   summarized in a  free  EPA booklet, Dollars And Sense, which you can order
   by calling EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346.

   Basically, as an owner or operator of USTs storing petroleum, you must be
   able to demonstrate your ability to pay for damage costs that could occur if
   your USTs leaked.  You need either $500,000 or $1 million in "per
   occurrence" coverage and either $1 million or $2 million in "aggregate"
   coverage, depending on your ownership category. Compliance deadlines
   were phased  in according to categories of UST owners, but by February 1994
   virtually every UST owner should have met the financial responsibility
   requirements.  The table on page 5 displays UST categories, coverage
   amounts, and deadlines. See Dollars And Sense for details.
                                     Musts For USTs  2

-------
Who Is The "Regulatory Authority"?

This booklet describes EPA's basic requirements for USTs, but your state or local
regulatory authority may have requirements that are somewhat different or more
stringent.  Contact your regulatory authority for its specific LIST requirements. If
you are not sure who your regulatory authority is, see the list of state LIST
contacts starting on page 35.
What's An "UST"?

An UST is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has at
least 10 percent of its combined volume underground. The federal regulations
apply only to USTs storing either petroleum or certain hazardous substances.

The "For Hazardous Substance USTs Only" section starting on page 28 identifies
hazardous substances and special requirements for USTs storing them.
Generally, the requirements for both petroleum and hazardous substance USTs
are very similar.

Some kinds of tanks are not covered by these regulations:

#  Farm and residential tanks of 1,100 gallons or less capacity holding motor fuel
   used for noncommercial purposes.

#  Tanks storing heating oil used on the premises where it is stored.

#  Tanks on or above the floor of underground areas, such as basements or
   tunnels.

#  Septic tanks and systems for collecting storm water and wastewater.

#  Flow-through process tanks.

#  Emergency spill and overfill tanks.

Other storage sites, such as surface impoundments, are not covered by the
federal requirements. Some tanks, such as field-constructed tanks, have been
deferred from most of the regulations. (For details see the Code of Federal
Regulations, 40 CFR Part 280.)
 If you don't know
 how to reach your
 state agency, see
 the list of state
 contacts starting
 on page 35.
Requirements and
definitions of USTs
are found in the
Code of Federal
Regulations, 40
CFR Part 280.
        The tables on the next two pages display basic
        UST requirements and deadlines...
                          Musts For USTs  3

-------
When Do You Have To Act?
TYPE OF TANK & PIPING
New Tanks & Piping
(installed after
December 22, 1988)
Existing Tanks & Piping
(installed before
December 22, 1988)
LEAK
DETECTION
At installation
No later than
December 1993
SPILL & OVERFILL
PROTECTION
At installation
(Does not apply to piping)
No later than
December 22, 1998
(Does not apply to piping)
CORROSION
PROTECTION
At installation
No later than
December 22, 1998
 What Do You Have  To  Do?
LEAK DETECTION (seepages 8-11 and 19)
NEW TANKS
EXISTING TANKS
NEW & EXISTING PRESSURIZED
PIPING
NEW & EXISTING SUCTION PIPING
* Monthly Monitoring*; or
* Inventory Control Plus Tank Tightness Testing**
(only for 10 years after installation)
* Monthly Monitoring*; or
* Inventory Control Plus Tank Tightness Testing**
(only for 10 years after adding spill, overfill, and corrosion protection);
or
* Inventory Control Plus Annual Tank Tightness Testing (only until
December 1998)
* Automatic Shutoff Device or Flow Restrictor or Continuous Alarm
System; AND
* Annual Line Tightness Test or
Monthly Monitoring* [except Automatic Tank Gauging]
* Monthly Monitoring*; or
* Line Tightness Testing (every 3 years); or
* No Requirements (if the system has the characteristics described on
page 11)
SPILL & OVERFILL PROTECTION (seepages 12-15)
ALL TANKS
* Catchment Basins; AND
* Automatic Shutoff Devices or Overfill Alarms or Ball Float Valves
CORROSION PROTECTION (see pages 16-17 and 20-21)
NEW TANKS & PIPING
EXISTING TANKS & PIPING
* Coated and Cathodically Protected Steel; or
* Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP); or
* Steel Tank Clad With FRP (does not apply to piping)
* Same Options As For New Tanks & Piping; or
* Cathodically Protected Steel; or
* Tank Interior Lining; or
* Tank Interior Lining AND Cathodic Protection
 * Monthly Monitoring includes: Interstitial Monitoring; Automatic Tank Gauging; Vapor Monitoring, Groundwater
   Monitoring; Statistical Inventory Reconciliation; and other methods approved by the regulatory authority.

 **Tanks 2,000 gallons and smaller may be able to use manual tank gauging (see page 9).
                        Musts For USTs 4

-------
How Does Financial Responsibility Work?
GROUP OF UST OWNERS
AND OPERATORS
GROUP 1:
Petroleum marketers with
1 ,000 or more tanks
OR
Nonmarketers with net worth of $20 million
or more
(for nonmarketers, the "per occurrence"
amount is the
same as Group 4-B below)
GROUP 2:
Petroleum marketers with
100-999 tanks
GROUP 3:
Petroleum marketers with
13-99 tanks
GROUP 4-A:
Petroleum marketers with
1-1 2 tanks
GROUP 4-B:
Nonmarketers with net worth of less than
$20 million
GROUP 4-C:
Local governments (including Indian tribes
not part of Group 5)
GROUP 5:
Indian tribes owning USTs on Indian lands
(USTs must be in compliance with UST
technical requirements )
COMPLIANCE
DEADLINE
January
1989
October
1989
April
1991
December 1993
December 1993
February
1994
December 1998
PER
OCCURRENCE
COVERAGE
$1 million
$500,000
if throughput is 10,000
gallons monthly or less
Of?
$1 million
if throughput is more
than 10,000 gallons
monthly
AGGREGATE
COVERAGE
$1 million
if you have
100 or
fewer tanks
Of?
$2 million
if you have more than
100 tanks
             Musts For USTs 5

-------
                       WHAT DO NEW PETROLEUM USTs
                       NEED?
I/Installed
   Correctly
I/Leak
   Detection
I/ Spill And
   Overfill
 Protection
w  Corrosion
   Protection
New LIST systems are those installed after
December 22, 1988.

You must meet four requirements when you install a
new LIST system:


    %/  You must certify that the tank and piping are
         installed according to industry codes.  See
         page 7.


    %/  Your LIST  must have leak detection. See
         pages 8-11.


    \/  Your LIST  must have devices that provide
         spill and overfill protection. Also, you
         must follow correct tank filling practices.
         See pages 12-15.


    \/  Your LIST  must have corrosion protection.
         See pages 16 and 17.

The table on page 4 displays basic LIST requirements
and deadlines.

The following pages provide information on these
requirements...
                          Musts For USTs 6

-------
What you must do for installation:

                                                                           I/Installed
#   Make sure your UST is installed correctly by using qualified
    installers who follow industry codes.  (See pages 31 and 34 for
    information on industry codes and installation practices.)
#   Certify on a notification form (see page 26) that you have used a
    qualified installer who can assure you that your LIST has been installed
    correctly.

Installation problems result from careless installation practices that do not
follow standard industry codes and procedures.  Improper installation is a
significant cause of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) and steel LIST
failures, particularly piping failures. Installation includes excavation, tank
system siting, burial depth, tank system assembly, backfilling around the
tank system, and surface grading.

Many mistakes can be made during installation.  For example, mishandling
of the tank during installation can cause structural failure of FRP tanks or
damage to steel tank coatings and cathodic protection. Improper layout of
piping runs, incomplete tightening of joints, inadequate cover pad
construction, and construction accidents can lead to failure  of delivery
piping.

You need to make sure that installers carefully follow the correct
installation procedures called for by industry codes.
                          Musts For USTs 7

-------
l/Lea/c
    Detection
     Siratytn Talk Dn TAnkB


     bsak DosctMin V^irt-cste Fo-
     F^trdipjrn IJfirtpgrr
     Tanks fed Fipfiy
What you must do for leak detection:

You must provide your LIST system with leak detection that allows you to
meet three basic requirements:

#  You can detect a leak from any portion of the tank or its piping that
   routinely contains petroleum;

#  Your leak detection is installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained in
   accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; and

#  Your leak detection meets the performance requirements described in
   the federal  regulations (sections 280.43 and 280.44).

The monthly monitoring methods that you may use to meet the federal
leak detection requirements are listed on the next page. As a temporary
method, you may also use one of the two methods described on page 10.
Please note the additional leak detection requirements for piping on
page 11.

For a detailed booklet that focuses only on leak detection methods and
requirements, order EPA's free booklet, Straight Talk On Tanks, by calling
EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346. Also, see page 32 and after for
additional sources of information on leak detection.

                   Some Leak Detection Methods
                                    nventory Control or
                                    Manual Tank Gauging
                                                             Inventory Probe for
                                                             Automatic Tank Gauging
                                   Musts For USTs 8

-------
Monthly Monitoring Methods

Interstitial Monitoring:  This method detects leaks in the space between the
LIST and a second barrier.  The regulations describe general performance
requirements for interstitial monitoring with double-walled USTs, USTs fitted
with internal liners, and USTs using interception barriers.

Automatic Tank Gauging Systems: This method uses automated
processes to monitor product level and inventory control.

Monitoring For Vapors In The Soil: This method samples vapors in the soil
gas surrounding the  LIST.  Leaked petroleum produces vapors that can be
detected in the soil gas.  The regulations describe several requirements for
using this leak detection method. For example, this method requires using
porous soils in the backfill and locating the monitoring devices in these porous
soils near the LIST system.

Monitoring For Liquids On The Groundwater: This method monitors the
groundwater table near an LIST for the presence of released free product on
the water table.  Monitoring wells near the LIST are checked frequently to see
if petroleum can be detected.  The regulations describe several requirements
for the use of this method.  For example, this method cannot be used if the
water table is more than 20 feet below the surface of the ground.

Statistical Inventory Reconciliation: In this method, a trained professional
uses sophisticated computer software to conduct a statistical analysis of
inventory, delivery, and dispensing data, which you must supply regularly.

Other Methods Approved By The Regulatory Authority: If other methods
can be shown to work as effectively as the methods described above for leak
detection, these alternative  methods can be approved by the regulatory
authority.
Leak detection
for USTs may
consist of one or
a combination of
the monthly
monitoring
methods listed
on this page.
                            Musts For USTs  9

-------
                       Alternate Leak Detection Method Good For 10 Years

                       Instead of using one of the monthly monitoring methods noted above, you can
                       combine inventory control with tank tightness testing, but only for 10 years
                       after you install a new LIST.  Inventory control involves taking daily
                       measurements of tank contents and recording deliveries and amount pumped.
                       Based upon some daily and  monthly calculations, you can discover if your tank
                       may be leaking. Tank tightness testing usually requires taking the LIST out of
                       service while changes in level or volume over time are measured. Your LIST
                       will need a tank tightness test every 5 years. After 10 years, you must use
                       one of the monthly monitoring methods.

                       The success of this temporary combined method depends on your performing
                       inventory control correctly. EPA has a booklet available, Doing Inventory
                       Control Right, that clearly explains how to do inventory control with simple
                       step-by-step directions.  The booklet also includes standard forms used to
                       record inventory data. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's toll-free
                       Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Doing Inventory Control Right.
Uniurf Tj it Q
One Additional Leak Detection Method For Small Tanks

Tanks of 2,000 gallons capacity or less may be able to use manual tank
gauging as a leak detection method, either by itself or in combination with tank
tightness testing. This method involves keeping the tank undisturbed for at
least 36 hours each week, during which the tank's contents are measured,
twice at the beginning and twice at the end of the test period.  Manual tank
gauging can be used as the sole  method of leak detection for the life of the
tank only for tanks up to 1,000 gallons. Tanks between 1,001 and 2,000
gallons can use this method only in combination with tank tightness testing.
This combined method, however, can be used only during the first 10 years
following tank installation.

EPA has a booklet available, Manual Tank Gauging: For Small Underground
Storage Tanks, that clearly explains how to do manual tank gauging with
simple step-by-step directions.  The booklet also includes standard forms used
to record inventory data. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's toll-
free Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Manual Tank Gauging.
                               Musts For USTs  10

-------
Additional Leak Detection For Piping

Pressurized piping must meet the following  requirements:

#   The piping must have devices that automatically shut off or restrict flow or
    have an alarm that indicates a leak.

#   You must either conduct an annual tightness test of the piping or use one of
    the following monthly methods noted above for tanks:  interstitial monitoring,
    vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring, statistical inventory reconciliation,
    or other approved monthly methods.

If your LIST has suction  piping, your leak detection requirements will depend on
which type of suction piping you have.

#   One type of suction  piping does not require leak detection if it has the
    following characteristics:

    >•  Below-grade piping operating at less than atmospheric pressure is sloped
       so that the piping's contents will drain back into the storage tank if the
       suction is released.

    >•  Only one check valve is included in each suction line and is located
       directly below the suction pump.

#   Suction piping that does not exactly match the characteristics noted above
    must have leak detection, either monthly monitoring (using one of the monthly
    methods noted above for use on pressurized piping) or tightness testing of
    the piping every 3 years.
Leak detection for
piping is
particularly
important, because
most leaks come
from an UST's
piping.
                            Musts For USTs  11

-------
Protection
You and your fuel
deliverer should
watch "Keeping It
Clean," a video that
shows how deliveries
can be made safely
with no spills (see
page  34 for ordering
information).
What you must do for spill protection:

#   Your USTs must have catchment basins to contain spills. Catchment
    basins are described below and on the next page. New USTs must have
    catchment basins when they are installed.

#   You and your fuel deliverer must follow industry standards for correct
    filling practices.

Many releases at LIST sites come from spills. Spills often occur at the fill pipe
when the delivery truck's hose is disconnected. Although these spills are
usually small, repeated small releases can cause big environmental problems.

Human error causes most spills.  These mistakes can be avoided by
following standard tank filling practices.  For example, you must make sure
there is room in the LIST for the delivery, and the delivery driver must watch
the delivery at all times. If you and the delivery driver follow standard
practices, nearly all spills can be prevented.  For this  reason,  federal LIST
regulations require that you follow standard filling practices.

If an LIST never receives more than 25 gallons at a time, the  LIST does not
have to meet the spill protection requirements. Many small used oil tanks fall
in this category.

What Are Catchment Basins?
                            Catchment basins are also called "spill containment manholes" or "spill
                            buckets." Basically, a catchment basin is a bucket sealed around the fil
                            (see illustration below).
                                                              pipe
                              Pump
                                                                           Catchment Basin
                                                        Fill Pipe
                                    Musts For USTs  12

-------
To protect against spills, the basin should be large enough to contain what may
spill when the delivery hose is uncoupled from the fill pipe.  Basins range in size
from those capable of holding only a few gallons to those that are much larger-
the larger the catchment basin, the more spill protection it provides.

You need a way to remove liquid from catchment basins.  Manufacturers equip
catchment basins with either pumps or drains to remove liquid.  The illustration
on the previous page shows a catchment basin with a pump; the illustration
below shows a catchment basin with a drain.
Your equipment
supplier can help
you choose the size
and type of
catchment basin that
meets your needs.
Catchment
Basin
Drain —
                                                              Fill Pipe
You should try to keep water out of catchment basins. Some catchment
basins can collect enough water and sediment, along with spilled product, to
make draining this mixture into the tank unwise.  If this happens, you may
pump out the catchment basin and dispose of the liquid properly. If the liquid
contains fuel or chemicals, it could be considered a hazardous waste.  Contact
your state agency responsible for hazardous waste for information on testing
and handling requirements.
                                                                         Having the
                                                                         surrounding surface
                                                                         slope away from the
                                                                         top of catchment
                                                                         basins helps keep
                                                                         water out of them.
                         Musts For USTs  13

-------
I/Overfill
    Protection
 Fill Pipe

Shutoff
Valve
  Float
 What you must do for overfill protection:

 #   Your LIST must have overfill protection.  New USTs must have overfill
     protection devices when they are installed.  The three main types of
     overfill protection devices (automatic shutoff devices, overfill alarms, and
     ball float valves) are described below and on the next page.

 #   You and your fuel deliverer must follow industry standards for correct
     filling practices.

 Overfills usually release much larger volumes than spills.  When a tank is
 overfilled, large volumes can be released at the fill pipe and through loose
 fittings on the top of the tank or a loose vent pipe. The tightness of these
 fittings normally would not be a problem if the tank were not filled beyond its
 capacity.

 You can solve overfill problems by:

 #   Making sure there is enough room in the tank for the delivery BEFORE
     the delivery is made;

 #   Watching the entire delivery to prevent overfilling or spilling; and

 #   Using overfill protection devices.

 If an LIST never receives more than 25 gallons at a time, the LIST does not
 have to meet the overfill protection requirements. Many small used oil tanks
 fall in this category.
NOTE: If you have "pumped delivery" where fuel is delivered underpressure,
you must make sure your overfill protection device works compatibly with
pumped deliveries. Also, remember that overfill protection devices are effective
only when combined with careful filling practices (as noted on page  12).
 What Are Automatic Shutoff Devices?

  An automatic shutoff device installed in an UST's fill pipe can slow down and
  then stop the delivery when the product has reached a certain level in the
  tank. This device-sometimes simply called a "fill pipe device"-has one or
  two valves that are operated by a float mechanism (the illustration on the left
  shows one kind of automatic shutoff device).
                                    Musts For USTs  14

-------
Some automatic shutoff devices work in two stages. The first stage drastically
reduces the flow of product to alert the driver that the tank is nearly full. The
driver can then close the delivery valve and still have room in the tank for the
product left in the delivery hose.

If the driver does not pay attention and the liquid level rises higher, the valve
closes completely and no more liquid can be delivered into the tank, leaving the
driver with a delivery hose full of product.
To work properly, all
overfill devices must
be installed carefully
at the correct
distance below the
tank top specified by
the manufacturer.
What Are Overfill Alarms?
Overfill alarms use probes installed in the tank (see illustration on the right) to
activate an alarm when the tank is either 90 percent full or within 1 minute of
being overfilled. Either way, the alarm should provide enough time for the driver
to close the truck's shutoff valve before an overfill happens.  Alarms must be
located where the driver can see or hear them easily. (Overfill alarms are often a
part of automatic tank gauging systems.)

Overfill alarms work only if they alert the driver at the right time and the
driver responds quickly.  Remember to put the alarm on an electrical circuit that
is active all the time so that the alarm will always work.  Many deliveries are made
at night when the facility is closed.  You don't want to turn off your alarm when
you turn off the office lights.
What Are Ball Float Valves?

Ball float valves (see illustration on the right) are placed at the bottom of the vent
line several inches below the top of the LIST.  The ball floats on the product and
rises with product level during delivery until it restricts vapor flowing out the vent
line BEFORE the tank is full.  If all tank fittings are tight, the ball float valve can
create enough back pressure to restrict product flow into the tank-which can
notify the driver to close the truck's shutoff valve.  However, if the LIST has loose
fittings, sufficient back pressure may not develop  and will result in an overfill.
Note: Manufacturers do not recommend using ball float valves with suction
piping, pressurized delivery, or coaxial Stage I vapor recovery.
            Fitted to
            Vent Line
                                                                                           Ball Float
                            Musts For USTs  15

-------
|r   Corrosion
     Protection
Corrosion results
when bare metal and
soil and moisture
conditions combine
to produce an
underground electric
current that destroys
hard metal.  Over
time, corrosion
creates holes and
leaks develop.
What you must do for corrosion protection:

Your new USTs need to match one of the following performance standards:

O  Tank and piping completely made of noncorrodible material, such as
   fiberglass.  Corrosion protection is also provided if tank and piping are
   completely isolated from contact with the surrounding soil by being enclosed
   in or "jacketed" in noncorrodible material.

O  Tank and piping made of steel having a corrosion-resistant coating
   AND having cathodic protection (such as an sti-P3® tank with appropriate
   piping).  A corrosion-resistant coating electrically isolates the coated metal
   from the surrounding environment to help protect against corrosion.
   Asphaltic coating does NOT qualify as a corrosion-resistant coating.
   Methods of cathodic protection are briefly explained on the  next page.

O  Tank made of steel clad with a thick layer of noncorrodible material
   (such as an ACT-100® tank). This option does not apply to piping.
   Galvanized steel is NOT a noncorrodible material.

Federal rules require corrosion protection for USTs because unprotected steel
USTs corrode and release product through corrosion holes.
                                   Musts For USTs  16

-------
What Are Cathodic Protection Methods?

#   Sacrificial Anode System: Sacrificial anodes can be attached to the LIST
    for corrosion protection (as illustrated below).  Sacrificial anodes are pieces of
    metal more electrically active than the steel LIST.  Because these anodes are
    more active, the corrosive current will  exit from them rather than the LIST.
    Thus, the LIST is protected while the attached anode is "sacrificed."
           Electrical isolation
           (Bushings)
           Dielectric protection
           coating
           Cathodic protection
           (Anodes)
          For more
          information on
          corrosion and how
          USTs can be
          protected from it,
          contact N ACE
          International or
          other professionals
          in this field (see
          page 32).
#  Impressed Current System:  An impressed current system uses a rectifier to
   convert alternating current to direct current (see illustration below).  This
   current is sent through an insulated wire to the anodes, which are special
   metal bars buried in the soil near the LIST.  The current then flows through
   the soil to the LIST system, and returns to the rectifier through an insulated
   wire attached to the LIST. The LIST system is protected because the current
   going to the LIST system overcomes the corrosion-causing current normally
   flowing away from it.
     Grade
                                                               Impre:
                                                               Current
                                                               Anode
sed
                                                   Current Path
                            Musts For USTs  17

-------
l/Lea/c
   Detection
     >pill And
   Overfill
 Protection
w  Corrosion
   Protection
WHAT DO EXISTING PETROLEUM USTs
NEED?


Existing UST systems are those installed before
December 22, 1988.

Your existing USTs must meet the following
requirements:


     %r  Have leak detection no later than
         December 1993 (see page 19).


     %/  Have spill and overfill protection by
         December 22, 1998 (see page 19).


     \r  Have corrosion protection by December 22,
         1998 (see pages 20-21).

The table on page 4 displays basic UST requirements
and deadlines.

Although the regulatory deadline for spill,  overfill, and
corrosion protection is in 1998, you should make these
improvements as soon as possible.  Early action reduces
your costs and reduces the chance that you will be liable
for damages caused  by releases from unimproved USTs.
                        The following pages provide information on these
                        requirements...
                          Musts For USTs  18

-------
All USTs must now have leak detection. USTS installed before
December 22, 1988 had compliance deadlines that varied with the age of the
USTs.  By December 22, 1993, all of these "older" USTs had to be in
compliance with leak detection requirements.

The leak detection requirements for existing USTs are similar to those for new
tanks and piping, so please refer to pages 8-11.

#   You can use any of the monthly monitoring methods listed for new
    USTs on page 9.

#   You can use the combined method described on page  10 that combines
    inventory control and tank tightness testing.  However, you can use this
    combined method only for 10 years after upgrading the UST with spill,
    overfill, and corrosion protection. After 10 years, you must use one of
    the monthly monitoring methods noted above. USTs that have not been
    upgraded can combine inventory control and annual tank tightness
    testing, but only until December 1998.

#   Tanks of 2,000 gallons capacity or less may use manual tank gauging
    (see page 10). However, USTs between 1,001  and 2,000 gallons using
    the combination of manual tank gauging and tank tightness testing can
    only do so for 10 years after upgrading with spill, overfill, and corrosion
    protection. After 10 years, you must use one of the monthly monitoring
    methods noted above. USTs that have not been upgraded can combine
    manual tank gauging and anm/a/tank tightness testing, but only until
    December 1998.

Other types of leak detection methods may be used if they have been
approved by the regulatory authority.
l/Lea/c
    Detection
All existing USTs must be upgraded with spill and overfill
protection by December 1998.  Otherwise, these USTs must be
replaced with new USTs or permanently closed. EPA has a booklet
available, Don't Wait Until 1998, that explains the requirements to upgrade,
replace, or close USTs by 1998. You can order this free booklet by calling
EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Don't Wait Until 1998.

The requirements for spill and overfill are exactly the same for existing and
new USTs, so please refer to pages 12-15 for information on spill and overfill
requirements.  However, you should already be following industry standards
for tank filling procedures that will prevent spills and overfills (see pages 12
and 14).
       >p/// And
    Overfill
  Protection
                            Musts For USTs  19

-------
|r   Corrosion
     Protection
   spsn  Etoifivniri
 On/y fan/cs proven to be
 structurally sound can
 have cathodic protection
 added to them.
All existing USTs must have corrosion protection by
December 1998. Otherwise, these USTs must be replaced with new
USTs or permanently closed. EPA has a booklet available, Don't Wait Until
1998, that explains the requirements to upgrade, replace, or close USTs by
1998. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's toll-free Hotline at
800 424-9346 and asking for Don't Wait Until 1998.

Your USTs already meet the requirements for corrosion protection if they
match one of the performance standards for new USTs described on page
16:

O  Tank and piping completely made of noncorrodible material, such
    as fiberglass.

O  Tank and piping made of steel having a corrosion-resistant
    coating AND having cathodic protection. ( Methods of cathodic
    protection are briefly explained on page 17.)

O  Tank made of steel clad with a thick layer of noncorrodible
    material (such as an ACT-100® tank).  This option does not apply to
    piping.
How Can You Add Corrosion Protection To Existing
Steel USTs?

It is not practical to add coatings or claddings to existing steel USTs that
have no corrosion protection. Instead, you must choose ONE of the
following THREE methods to add corrosion  protection to existing steel
tanks:

1. Add cathodic protection. If you are adding ONLY cathodic
protection, you must do the following:

 O   First, assess tank integrity. Satisfy ONE of the following methods to
     make sure that the tank is structurally sound:

      !  If the tank is LESS THAN 10 YEARS OLD, you can use results from one of
        the monthly leak detection methods to show the UST is not leaking
        (interstitial monitoring, automatic tank gauging, vapor monitoring,
        groundwater monitoring, statistical inventory reconciliation, or other
        approved methods).

      !  If the tank is LESS THAN 10 YEARS OLD, you can use results from two
        tank tightness tests to show the UST is not leaking. The first test takes
        place before you install cathodic protection, and the second test takes
        place between 3 and 6 months after installation.
                                   Musts For USTs  20

-------
      !  If the tank is 10 YEARS OLD OR MORE, it can be internally
        inspected, tested, and assessed to make sure that the tank is
        structurally sound and free of corrosion holes (see page 31 for
        industry codes).

      !  You can assess the tank for corrosion holes by a method that the
        regulatory authority determines is no less protective than those
        above.

 O   Second, install cathodic protection. Regulations require a qualified
     corrosion expert to design cathodic protection systems installed  at the
     LIST site. The system must be tested by a qualified cathodic protection
     tester within 6  months of installation and at least every 3 years
     thereafter. You will need to keep the results of the last two tests to
     prove that the cathodic protection is working.  In addition, you must
     inspect an impressed current system every 60 days to verify that the
     system is operating.  Keep results of your last three inspections  to
     prove that the impressed current system is operating properly.

 2.  Add interior lining to the tank. The interior of a tank can be
     lined with a thick layer of noncorrodible material (see page 31 for
     industry codes).  Tanks using only an interior lining for corrosion
     protection must pass an internal reinspection in 10 years and every 5
     years after that to make sure that the lining is  sound. Keep records of
     the inspection results.

 3.  Combine  cathodic protection and interior lining. YOU can
     add both cathodic protection and interior lining. The advantages for you
     of this combined method are simple: your USTs receive more
     protection; and you are not required to have the interior lining
     periodically inspected (which saves you the cost of these inspections).
     You will still  need to have the cathodic protection system periodically
     tested and inspected and to keep records (as explained above).
Page 17 describes
cathodic protection
methods.
Impressed current
systems work best
with existing USTs.
 Only tanks proven
 to be structurally
 sound can be lined.
And what about piping?

Existing steel piping must have cathodic protection.  Note that cathodic
protection needs to be designed by a qualified corrosion expert, tested and
inspected periodically, and records kept (as explained above).

Piping entirely made of (or enclosed in) noncorrodible material, such as
fiberglass, does not need cathodic protection.
                            Musts For USTs  21

-------
WHAT DO YOU  DO ABOUT  UST RELEASES?
Warning signals indicate that your UST may be leaking and creating problems for
the environment and your business. You can minimize these problems by paying
careful attention to early warning signals and reacting to them quickly before
major problems develop.

You should suspect a leak when you discover the following warning signals:

#  Unusual operating conditions (such as erratic behavior of the dispensing
   pump). Check first to see if this problem results from equipment failure that
   can be repaired.

#  Results from leak detection monitoring and testing that indicate a leak.
   What at first appears to be a leak may be the result of faulty equipment that is
   part of your UST system or its leak detection. Double check this equipment
   carefully for failures.

You need to call your regulatory authority and report suspected leaks.  Then find
out quickly if these suspected leaks are actual leaks using the following
investigative steps:

#  Conduct tightness testing of the entire UST system.

#  Check the site for additional information  on the presence and source of
   contamination.

If these system tests and site checks confirm a leaking UST, follow the actions for
responding to confirmed leaks described on the next page.

You must also respond quickly to any evidence of leaked petroleum that
appears at or near your site.  For example, neighbors might tell you they smell
petroleum vapors in their basements or taste petroleum in their drinking water.  If
evidence of this type is discovered, you must report this discovery immediately to
the regulatory authority and take the investigative steps and follow-up actions
noted above.
          Musts For USTs 22

-------
Your response to confirmed releases comes in two stages: short-term and
long-term.

Short-Term Actions

#  Take immediate action to stop and contain the release.

#  Report the release to the regulatory authority within 24 hours.  However,
   petroleum spills and overfills of less than 25 gallons do not have to be
   reported if you immediately contain and clean up these releases.

#  Make sure the release poses no immediate hazard to human health and
   safety by removing explosive vapors and fire hazards.  Your fire department
   should be able to  help or advise you with this task. You must also make sure
   you handle contaminated soil properly so that it poses no hazard (for
   example, from vapors or direct contact).

#  Remove petroleum from the LIST system to prevent further release into the
   environment.

#  Find out how far the petroleum has moved and begin to recover the leaked
   petroleum (such as product floating on the water table). Report your progress
   and any information you have collected to the regulatory authority no later
   than 20 days after confirming a release.

#  Investigate to determine if the release has damaged or might damage the
   environment. This investigation must determine the extent of contamination
   both in soils and groundwater. You must report to the regulatory authority
   what you have learned from an investigation of your site according to the
   schedule established by the regulatory authority. At the same time, you must
   also submit a report explaining how you plan to clean up the site. Additional
   site studies may be required.

Long-Term Actions

Based on the  information you have provided, the regulatory authority will decide if
you must take further  action at your site.  You may  need to take two more actions:

#  Develop and submit a Corrective Action Plan that shows how you will meet
   requirements established for your site by the regulatory authority.

#  Make sure you implement the steps approved by the regulatory authority for
   your site.
Contact your
regulatory authority
for specific time
frames, necessary
steps, and guidance
in doing site
assessments and
Corrective Action
Plans.
    CORRECTIVE
       ACTION
                            Musts For USTs  23

-------
Can Leaking Tanks Be Repaired?

You can repair a leaking tank if the person who does the repair carefully
follows standard industry codes that establish the correct way to conduct
repairs.  (See page 31 for industry codes and standards.)

Within 30 days of the repair, you must prove that the tank repair has worked
by doing one of the following:

#  Have the tank inspected internally or tightness tested following standard
   industry codes; or

#  Use one of the monthly leak detection monitoring methods
   (see page 9); or

#  Use other methods approved by the regulatory authority.

Within 6 months of repair, USTs with cathodic protection must be tested to
show that the cathodic protection is working properly.

You must keep records for each repair as long as you keep the UST in
service.
Can Leaking Piping Be Repaired?

Damaged metal piping cannot be repaired and must be replaced.  Loose
fittings can be tightened, and in some cases that may solve the problem.

Piping made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic can be repaired, but only in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or national codes of practice.
Within 30 days of the repair, piping must be tested in the same ways noted
above for testing tank repairs (except for internal inspection).
      Musts For USTs  24

-------
HOW DO YOU  CLOSE USTs?
You can close your LIST temporarily or permanently.

Closing Temporarily

You may temporarily close your LIST for up to 12 months by following these
requirements for temporary closure:

#  Continue to monitor for leaks by maintaining the UST's leak detection. (If
   your LIST is empty, however, you do not need to maintain leak detection.)
   Also, continue to monitor and maintain any corrosion protection systems.
   If a release is discovered, respond as you would for a release from an
   active LIST, as described on page 23.

#  If the LIST remains temporarily closed for more than 3 months, you must
   leave vent lines open, but cap and secure all other lines, pumps,
   manways, and ancillary equipment.

After 12 months of temporary closure, you must permanently close your
LIST.  Your LIST, however,  can remain "temporarily" closed indefinitely if it
meets the requirements for new or upgraded USTs and the requirements
above for temporarily closed USTs.

Closing Permanently

If your UST does not meet the requirements for corrosion protection and it
remains closed for more than 12 months, you must close it permanently. If
you decide for any reason to close your UST permanently, follow these
requirements for permanent closure:

#  You must notify the regulatory authority 30 days before you close your
   UST.

#  You must determine if contamination from your UST is present in the
   surrounding environment.  If there is contamination, you will have to take
   the corrective actions described on page 23.

#  You can either remove the UST from the ground or leave it in the ground.
   In both cases, the tank  must be emptied and cleaned by removing all
   liquids, dangerous vapor levels, and  accumulated sludge. These
   potentially very hazardous actions need to be carried out carefully by
   following standard safety practices.  (See pages 31 and 34 for sources of
   information on good closure practices.) If you leave the UST in the
   ground, you must also fill it with a harmless, chemically inactive solid, like
   sand. The regulatory authority can help you decide how best to close
   your UST so that it meets local requirements for closure.
WARNING:  People are
killed or injured every
year while closing or
removing tanks.  Use
safe removal practices
(see page 31 for a safe
closure standard).
Only trained
professionals should
close or remove USTs.
                           Musts For USTs 25

-------
WHAT DO YOU  NEED TO REPORT?
You need to report to the regulatory authority on the following occasions:

#  When you install an LIST, you have to fill out a notification form available from
   your state. This form provides information about your UST, including a certification
   of correct installation.  (You should have already used this form to identify your
   existing USTs. If you haven't done that yet, be sure you do so now.)

#  You must report suspected releases to the regulatory authority (see page 22).  If a
   release is confirmed, you must also report follow-up actions you plan or have
   taken to correct the damage caused by your UST (see page 23).

#  You must notify the regulatory authority 30 days before you permanently close your
   UST (see page 25).

You should check with your regulatory authority about the particular reporting
requirements in your area, including any additional or more  stringent requirements
than those noted  above.

If you  are not sure who your regulatory authority is, see the  list of state UST contacts
starting on page 35.
                         REPORTING
         INSTALLATION     SUSPECTED     CORRECTIVE    CLOSURE
                         RELEASE        ACTION
               Musts For USTs 26

-------
WHAT RECORDS MUST YOU KEEP?
You will have to keep records that can be provided to an inspector during an
on-site visit that prove your facility meets certain requirements. These records
must be kept long enough to show your facility's recent compliance status in
four major areas:

#  You will have to keep records of leak detection performance and
   maintenance:

   *•  The last year's monitoring results, and the most recent tightness test.

   *•  Copies of performance claims provided by leak detection manufacturers.

   *•  Records of recent maintenance, repair, and calibration of on-site leak
      detection equipment.

#  You will have to keep records showing the required inspections and tests of
   your corrosion protection system.

#  You must keep records showing that a repaired or upgraded LIST system
   was properly repaired or upgraded.

#  For at least 3 years after closing an LIST, you must keep records of the site
   assessment results required for permanent closure. (These results show
   what impact your LIST has had on the surrounding area.)

#  You must keep records that document your financial responsibility, as
   explained in EPA's booklet, Dollars And Sense (to order this booklet, see
   page 33).

You should check with your regulatory authority about the particular
recordkeeping requirements in your area. Generally, you should follow this
useful rule of thumb for recordkeeping: When in doubt, keep it.
                           Musts For USTs 27

-------
                      FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE  USTs
                      ONLY
  PARTIAL LIST OF
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde, chloro-
Acetaldehyde, tricloro-

Chromic sulfate
Choromium
CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Chromous chloride
Chrysene
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous formate
Cobaltous sulfamate
Copper
Copper cyanide

Famphur
Ferric ammonium citrate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Ferric chloride
Ferric dextran
Ferric fluoride
Ferric nitrate
Ferric sulfate

Keithane
Kepone
Lasiocarpine
LEAD AND COMPOUNDS
Lead
Lead acetate
Lead arsenate
Lead chloride
Lead fluoborate
Lead iodide

Zinc nitrate
Zinc phenosulfonate
Zinc phosphide
Zinc silicoflouride
Zinc sulfate
Zirconium nitrate
Zirconium sulfate
Zirconium tetrachloride
CASRN"
83329
208968
75070
107200
75876

10101538
7440473
-
10049055
218019
7789437
544183
14017415
7440508
544923

52857
1185575
2944674
7705080
9004664
7783508
10421484
10028225

115322
143500
303344
7439921
301042
7784409
7758954
13814965
10101630

7779886
127882
1314847
16871719
7733020
13746899
14644612
10026116
* Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
Several hundred substances were designated as "hazardous" in Section
101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA).

The LIST regulations apply to the same hazardous substances identified by
CERCLA, except for those listed as hazardous wastes. These hazardous
wastes are already regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act and are not covered by the LIST regulations.  (See 40 CFR
Parts 260-270 for the hazardous waste regulations.) Information on the
CERCLA hazardous substances is available from EPA through the
RCRA/CERCLA Hotline at 800 424-9346.
                      What Requirements Apply To New Hazardous Substance
                      USTs?

                      New hazardous substance USTs are those installed after December 22, 1988.
                      These USTs have to meet the same requirements described earlier for new
                      petroleum USTs concerning correct installation, spill, overfill and corrosion
                      protection, corrective action, and closure.  (See pages 7 and
                      12-17.)

                      In addition, new hazardous substance USTs must have secondary
                      containment and interstitial monitoring for leak detection, as described
                      below.

                      Secondary Containment

                      All new hazardous substance USTs must have "secondary containment." A
                      single-walled tank is the first or "primary" containment. Using only primary
                      containment, a leak can escape into the environment.  But by enclosing an  UST
                      within a second wall, leaks can be contained and detected quickly before
                      harming the environment.

                      There are several ways to construct secondary containment:

                      # Placing one tank inside another tank or one pipe inside another pipe
                         (making them double-walled systems).

                      # Placing the UST system inside a concrete vault.

                      # Lining the excavation zone around the UST system with a liner that cannot
                         be penetrated by the hazardous substance.
                              Musts For USTs 28

-------
Interstitial Monitoring

The hazardous substance LIST must have a leak detection system that can
indicate the presence of a leak in the confined space between the first and the
second wall. Several devices are available to monitor this confined "interstitial"
space. ("Interstitial" simply means "between the walls.")  The LIST regulations
describe these various methods and the requirements for their proper use.

You can apply for an exception, called a variance, from the requirement for
secondary containment and interstitial monitoring. To obtain a variance you
must demonstrate to the regulatory authority that your alternative leak detection
method will work effectively  by providing detailed studies of your site, proposed
leak detection method, and  available methods for corrective action.

What About Existing Hazardous Substance USTs?

Existing LIST systems are those installed before December 22, 1988.  In
addition to immediately starting tank filling procedures that prevent spills and
overfills, you will need to meet the following requirements for existing USTs.

Leak Detection

Deadlines for compliance with leak detection requirements were phased in
according to the age of the LIST.  By December 22, 1993,  all existing USTs
were required to have leak detection.  Pressurized piping must meet the
requirements for new pressurized piping (described on page 11).

You can meet the leak detection requirements in one of the following three
ways:

#  Until December 1998, you can use any of the leak detection methods
   described on page 19 but only if the method you choose can effectively
   detect releases of the hazardous substance stored in the  UST.

#  After December 22, 1998, your UST must meet the same requirements for
   secondary containment  and interstitial monitoring that apply to new
   hazardous substance USTs.

#  After December 22, 1988, a variance can be granted if you meet the same
   requirements described  above for receiving a variance for a new hazardous
   substance UST.
                           Musts For USTs  29

-------
Spill, Overfill, and Corrosion Protection

By December 22, 1998, you must improve your USTs:

#  By using devices that prevent spills and overfills.

#  By adding corrosion protection to steel tanks and piping.

Although the regulatory deadline is in 1998, you should make these
improvements as soon as you can to reduce the chance that you will be liable for
damages caused by your unimproved LIST.


What If You Have A Hazardous Substance Release?

You must follow the same short-term and long-term actions described earlier for
petroleum releases on page 23, with two exceptions.

First, you must  immediately report hazardous substance spills or overfills that
meet or exceed their "reportable quantities" to the National Response Center at
800 424-8802 or 202 267-2675.

Second, you must also report hazardous substance spills or overfills that meet or
exceed their "reportable quantities" to the regulatory authority within 24 hours.
However, if these spills or overfills are smaller than their "reportable quantities"
and are immediately contained and cleaned  up, they do not need to be reported.
You can get information on the "reportable quantities" by calling the EPA
RCRA/CERCLA Hotline at 800 424-9346.
          Musts For USTs  30

-------

Installation
Industry Codes And Standards
Corrosion Protection


API Recommended Practice 1615 (1987),
"Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage
Systems"

PEI RP100-94 (1994), "Recommended Practices
for Installation of Underground Liquid Storage
Systems"

Tank Filling Practices

NFPA 385 (1985), "Standard for Tank Vehicles for
Flammable and Combustible Liquids"

Closure

API Recommended Practice 1604 (1987),
"Removal and Disposal of Used Underground
Petroleum Storage Tanks"

Assessing Tank Integrity, Repairing Tanks, and
Interior Lining Of Tank

API Recommended Practice 1631 (1992),  "Interior
Lining of Underground Storage Tanks"

NLPA Standard 631 (1991), "Entry, Cleaning,
Interior Inspection, Repair, and Lining of
Underground Storage Tanks"

ASTM ES 40-94 (1994), "Emergency Standard
Practice for Alternative Procedures for the
Assessment of Buried Steel Tanks Prior to the
Addition of Cathodic Protection"
API Recommended Practice 1632 (1987),
"Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum
Storage Tanks and Piping Systems"

NACE RP-0169-92 (1992), "Standard
Recommended Practice:  Control of Corrosion on
Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping
Systems"

NACE RP-0285-85 (1985), "Standard
Recommended Practice:  Control of External
Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or
Submerged Liquid Storage Systems"

STI R892-91 (1991), "Recommended Practice for
Corrosion Protection of Underground Piping
Networks Associated with Liquid Storage and
Dispensing Systems"

General (Repair, Spill and Overfill, Installation,
Compatibility)

API Recommended Practice 1621 (1993), "Bulk
Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets"

API Recommended Practice 1626 (1985), "Storing
and Handling Ethanol  and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends
at Distribution Terminals and Service Stations"

API Recommended Practice 1627 (1986), "Storage
and Handling of Gasoline-Methanol/Cosolvent
Blends at Distribution Terminals and Service
Stations"

API Recommended Practice 1635 (1987),
"Management of Underground  Petroleum Storage
Systems at Marketing  and Distribution Facilities"

NFPA 30 (1993), "Flammable and Combustible
Liquids Code"

NFPA 30A (1993), "Automotive and Marine Service
Station Code"
"Organizations are identified on the next page.
                                  Musts For USTs  31

-------
           Organizations To Contact For UST Information
API - American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 682-8000

Fiberglass Petroleum Tank and
  Pipe Institute
9801 Westheimer; Suite 606
Houston, TX 77042-3951
(713)465-3310

NACE International (formerly the National
Association of Corrosion Engineers)
Box 218340
Houston, TX  77218-8340
(713)492-0535

NFPA - National Fire Protection
Association
1 Batterymarch Park
Box9101
Quincy, MA  02269-9101
(617)770-3000
NLPA - National Leak Prevention
Association
Box 1643
Boise, ID  83701
(208) 336-6941

PEI - Petroleum Equipment Institute
Box 2380
Tulsa, OK 74101-2380
(918)494-9696

Steel Tank Institute
570 Oakwood Road
Lake Zurich, IL 60047
(708) 438-TANK [8265]
                      Musts For USTs  32

-------
                         Publications And Videos About USTs
PUBLICATIONS
TITLE
 AVAILABLE FREE FROM
Normas Y Procedimientos Para T.S.A.
Spanish translation of Musts For USTs: A Summary Of The Federal Regulations
For Underground Storage Tank Systems. (About 40 pages.)

Straight Talk On Tanks:  Leak Detection Methods For Petroleum Underground
Storage Tanks
Booklet explains federal regulatory requirements for leak detection and briefly
describes allowable leak detection methods. (About 30 pages.)

Doing Inventory Control Right: For Underground Storage Tanks
Booklet describes how owners and operators of USTs can use inventory control and
periodic tightness testing to meet federal leak detection requirements.  Contains
reporting forms. (About 16 pages.)

Manual Tank Gauging: For Small Underground Storage Tanks
Booklet provides simple, step-by-step directions for conducting manual tank gauging
for tanks 2,000 gallons or smaller.  Contains reporting forms. (About 12 pages.)

Don't Wait Until 1998: Spill, Overfill, And Corrosion Protection For
Underground Storage Tanks
Information to help owners and operators of USTs meet the 1998 deadline for
compliance with requirements to upgrade, replace, or close USTs installed before
December 1988. (About 16 pages.)

Dollars And Sense: Financial Responsibility Requirements For Underground
Storage Tanks
Booklet clearly summarizes the "financial responsibility" required of UST owners and
operators by federal UST regulations.  (About 16 pages.)

An Overview Of Underground Storage Tank Remediation Options
Fact sheets provide information about technologies that can be used to remediate
petroleum contamination in soil and groundwater.  (About 26 pages.)

Controlling UST Cleanup Costs
Fact sheet series on the cleanup process includes: Hiring a Contractor, Negotiating
the Contract, Interpreting the Bill, Managing the Process, and Understanding
Contractor Code Words. (About 10 pages.)

Federal Register Reprints
Not simple summaries, these reprints are extensive records of the rulemaking process
including technical information, explanatory preambles, and the rules as they appear in
the Code of Federal Regulations. Reprints dated 9/23/88; 10/26/88; 11/9/89; 5/2/90;
and 2/18/93. Over 300 pages.
You can call EPA's toll-free
RCRA/Superfund Hotline at
800 424-9346 and order free copies.
Just identify the titles you want. Or you
can write and ask for titles by addressing
your requests to:

    NCEPI
    Box 42419
    Cincinnati, OH 45242

Or you can fax your order to NCEPI at
513891-6685.
                                   Musts For USTs  33

-------
                         Publications And Videos About USTs
VIDEOS
TITLE/COST	AVAILABLE FROM	

Doing It Right                                                               Environmental Media Center
Illustrates proper installation of underground tanks and piping for installation crews.       Box 30212
Part 1: Tanks (24 minutes); Part 2: Piping (16 minutes).  Cost: $25                    Bethesda, MD 20814
                                                                           301 654-7141
Doing It Right II:  Installing Required UST Equipment                            800 522-0362
Illustrates installation of spill and overfill equipment, observation wells, and piping leak     Visa and MasterCard accepted
detection (23 minutes). Cost: $60

Doing It Right and Doing it Right II  Set Cost: $75

Keeping It Clean: Making Safe And Spill-Free Motor Fuel Deliveries
Making pollution-free deliveries to USTs. Includes Stage 1 vapor recovery, overfill
prevention and spill containment. For fuel tanker drivers and UST owner/operators (25
minutes). Cost: $60

Petroleum Leaks Underground
How liquids and vapors move in the subsurface and why early response to leaked
petroleum is so important. Part 1: How Liquids Move (14 minutes);
Part 2: How Vapors Move (15 minutes).  Cost: $75

Straight Talk On Leak Detection
Overview of the leak detection methods available for complying with federal
regulations.  Part 1: Straight Talk From Tank Owners (owners address the problems of
UST compliance [5 minutes]); Part 2: Straight Talk On Leak Detection (30 minutes).
Cost: $40


Tank Closure Without Tears: An Inspector's Safety Guide                       New England Interstate
Focuses on explosive vapors and safe tank removal (30 minutes). Video and Booklet    Environmental Training Center
Cost: $35;  Booklet: $5                                                        ATTN:VIDEOS
                                                                           2 Fort Road
What Do We Have Here?: An Inspector's Guide To Site Assessment At Tank     South Portland, ME 04106
Closure                                                                    207 767-2539
Inspecting sites for contamination where tanks have been removed.
Part 1: Site Assessment Overview (30 minutes); Part 2: Field Testing Instruments At A
Glance (14 minutes); Part 3: Soil And Water Sampling At A Glance (7 minutes). Video
and Booklet Cost: $45; Booklet: $5

Searching For The Honest Tank: A Guide To UST Facility Compliance
Inspection
Covers major steps of UST inspections from protocols and equipment to enforcement
and followup; from cathodic protection to leak detection. Directed at inspectors, yet
also helpful to owners and operators (30 minutes). Video and Booklet Cost: $40;
Booklet: $5
                                   Musts For USTs  34

-------
                         State Contacts For UST Information
                     [LUST contacts focus on leaking underground storage tanks.]
Alabama Dept. of Env.
Management
Groundwater Section/
  Water Division
Box 301463
Montgomery, AL
36130-1463
UST phone:
  334271-7986
LUST phone:
  334271-7834

Alaska Dept. of Env.
Conservation
410 Willoughby Ave.
Juneau, AK
99801-1795
phone:      907 465-5203

Arizona Dept. of Env.
Quality
3033 N. Central Ave.
Phoenix, AZ  85012
phone:      602 207-4324

Arkansas Dept. of
Pollution Control &
Ecology
Regulated Storage
  Tank Division
8001 National Dr.
Little Rock, AR
72209
phone:      501 570-2801

California State Water
Resources Control Board
Div. of Clean Water
  Program
Box 944212
Sacramento, CA
94244-2120
phone:      916227-4313

[UST contact]
Colorado State Oil
Inspection Office
1515 Arapahoe Street
Suite 525, Tower 3
Denver, CO
80202-2117
phone:      303 620-4300
[LUST contact]
Colorado Dept. of Health
Hazardous Materials &
  Waste Mgt. Div.
UST Program
4300 Cherry Creek Dr.  S.
Denver, CO 80220
phone:      303 692-3453

Connecticut Dept. of Env.
Protection
UST Program
State Office Bldg.
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT  06106
phone:      203 424-3374

DC Env. Regulatory
Administration
Pesticides,  Hazardous
  Waste &  UST Div.
2100 Martin Luther King
  Ave. S.E., Suite 203
Washington, D.C. 20020
phone:      202 645-6080

Delaware Dept. of Natural
Resources & Env. Control
UST Branch
715 Grantham Lane
Newcastle, DE 19720
phone:      302 323-4588

Florida Dept. of Env.
Regulation
Tank Section
Twin Towers  Office
  Bldg., Rm. 403
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, FL
32399-2400
phone:      904 488-3935

Georgia Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Mgt. Program
4244 Intl. Parkway,
  Suite 100
Atlanta, GA 30354
phone:      404 362-2687
Hawaii Dept. of Health
Solid and Hazardous
  Waste Branch
919AlaMoana Blvd.,
  Suite 212
Honolulu, HI  96814
phone:      808 586-4226

Idaho Dept. of Health &
Welfare
Div. of Env. Quality
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
phone:      208 334-0542

[UST contact]
Illinois Office of State Fire
Marshall
Div. of Petroleum &
  Chem. Safety
1035 Stevenson Dr.
Springfield, IL 62703
phone:      217785-5878

[LUST contact]
Illinois EPA
Div. of Remediation Mgt.
LUST Section
Box19276
Springfield, IL
62794-9276
phone:      217782-6760

Indiana Dept. of Env. Mgt.
Office of Env. Response
Box7015
Indianapolis, IN 46206
phone:      317233-6418

Iowa Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Section
Wallace State Office
  Bldg.
900 East Grand
DesMoines, IA 50319
phone:      515281-8135
Kansas Dept. of Health &
Env.
Bureau of Env.
  Remediation
Storage Tank Section
Forbes Field, 6ldg. 740
Topeka, KS 66620
phone:      913296-1678

Kentucky Div. of Waste
Mgt.
UST 6ranch
14 Reilly Road
Frankfort,  KY 40601
phone:      502564-6716

Louisiana Dept. of Env.
Quality
UST Division
Box82178
6aton  Rouge, LA
70810
phone:      504 765-0243

Maine Dept. of Env.
Protection
State House, Station 17
Hospital St., Ray 6ldg.
Augusta, ME  04333
phone:      207 287-2651

Maryland Dept. of Env.
Waste Mgt. Adm.
Oil Control Program
2500 6roening Highway
ealtimore, MD 21224
phone:      410631-3442

[UST contact]
Massachusetts Dept. of
Public Safety
UST Program
1010 Commonwealth
  Ave.
6oston, MA 02215
phone:      617-351-6000

[LUST contact]
Massachusetts Dept. of
Env. Protection
6ureau of Waste Site
  Cleanup
One Winter St.
6oston, MA 02108
phone:      617556-1044
                                   Musts For USTs  35

-------
                          State Contacts For UST Information
Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Division
Box 30157
Lansing, Ml  48909
UST phone:
  517373-8168
MUSTFA (state fund):
  517373-6247

Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency
Tanks and Spills Section
520 Lafayette Road
  North
St. Paul, MN
55155-3898
phone:      612297-8609

Mississippi Dept. of Env.
Quality
Bureau of Pollution
  Control, UST Section
Box10385
Jackson, MS
39289-0385
phone:      601 961-5171

Missouri Dept. of Natural
Resources
Water Pollution Control
  Program (UST)
Environmental Services
  Program (LUST)
Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102-
0176
UST phone:
  314751-7428
LUST phone:
  314526-3384

Montana Dept. of Health &
Env. Sciences
Solid & Hazardous
  Waste Bureau
UST Program
Cogswell Bldg.
Helena, MT 59620
phone:      406 444-5970

[UST contact]
Nebraska State Fire
Marshal
Flammable Liquid  Storage
246 South 14th St.
Lincoln, NE  68508
phone:      402471-9465
[LUST contact]
Nebraska Dept. of Env.
Control
LUST/ER Section
Box 98922
Lincoln, NE
68509-8922
phone:       402471-4230

Nevada Dept. of Conserv.
& Natural Resources
Div. of Env. Protection
Capitol Complex
333 W. Nye Lane
Carson City, NV 89710
phone:       702 687-5872

New Hampshire Dept. of
Env. Services
Oil Compliance Section
Groundwater Protection
 Bureau
Box 95
Concord, NH  03301
phone:       603271-3644

New Jersey Dept. of Env.
Protection
Responsible Party Site
 Remediation
401 E. State (CN-028)
Trenton, NJ
08625-0028
phone:       609984-3156

New Mexico Env. Dept.
UST Bureau
Box26110
Santa Fe, NM 87502
phone:       505827-0188

New York Dept. of Env.
Conservation
Bulk Storage Section
50WolfRd.,Rm. 340
Albany, NY
12233-3750
phone:       518457-4351

North Carolina Pollution
Control Branch
Div. of Env. Mgt.
Dept. of Env. Health &
 Natural Resources
441 N. Harrington St.
Raleigh, NC
27603-1323
phone:       919733-8486
North Dakota Div. of
Waste Mgt.
Dept. of Health and
  Consolidated Lab.
Box 5520
Bismarck, ND
58502-5520
phone:      701 328-5166

Ohio Dept. of Commerce
Bureau of UST Regulations
8895 East Main St.
Box 687
Reynoldsburg, OH 43068
phone:      614752-7938

Oklahoma Corporation
Commission
Fuel Storage Division
Box 52000-2000
Oklahoma City, OK 73152-
2000
UST phone:
  405521-3107
LUST phone:
  405521-6575

[UST contact]
Oregon Dept. of Env.
Quality
UST Compliance Section
811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,
7th Floor
Portland, OR  97204
phone:      503 229-5774

[LUST contact]
Oregon Dept. of Env.
Quality
UST Cleanup Program
811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,
  9th Floor
Portland, OR  97204
phone:      503 229-6642

Pennsylvania Dept. of
Env. Resources
Storage Tank Program
Box 8762
Harrisburg, PA17101-2301
phone:      717772-5599

Rhode Island Dept. of Env.
Mgt.
UST Section
291 Promenade St.
Providence, Rl 02908
phone:      401 277-2234
South Carolina Dept. of
Health and Env.Control
Groundwater Protection
  Division
2600 Bull St.
Columbia, SC  29201
UST phone:
  803 734-5335
LUST phone:
  803 734-5331

South Dakota Dept. of
Env. & Nat. Resources
UST Program
523 East Capitol
Pierre, SD  57501
phone:       605 773-3296

Tennessee Dept. of Env. &
Conservation
Div. of USTs
4th Floor, L&C Tower
401 Church St.
Nashville, TN
37243-1541
phone:       615532-0945

Texas Natural Resources
Conservation Comm.
Petroleum Storage
  Tank Div.
Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711-3087
phone:       512239-2000

Utah Dept. of Env. Quality
Div. of Env. Response
  and Remediation
UST Branch
168 North 1950 West,
  1st Floor
Salt Lake City, UT 84116
phone:       801 536-4100

Vermont Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Program
103 South Main St.,
  West Bldg.
Waterbury, VT 05676
phone:       802 244-8702
[UST contact]
Virginia Dept. Env. Quality
Response Program
4951 Cox Road
Glen Allen, VA 23060
phone:     804527-5189

-------
                          State Contacts For UST Information
[LUST contact]
Virginia Dept. Env. Quality
Groundwater Mgt.
  Program
4951 Cox Road
Glen Allen, VA 23060
phone:       804527-5189

Washington Dept. of
Ecology
Box 47655
Olympia, WA
98504-7655
UST phone:
  206 407-7211
LUST phone:
  206407-7218

West Virginia Div. of Env.
Protection
Office of Waste Mgt.
UST Section
1356HansfordSt.
Charleston,  WV 25301
phone:       304 558-6371

[UST contact]
Wisconsin Dept. of
Industry, Labor & Human
Relations
Division of Safety and
  Buildings
Box 7969
Madison, Wl  53707
phone:       608 267-7605

[LUST contact]
Wisconsin Dept. of
Natural Resources
Bureau of Solid and
  Hazardous Waste Mgt.
Box 7921
Madison, Wl
53707-7921
phone:       608 267-7560

Wyoming Dept. of Env.
Quality
Water Quality Div.
Herschler Bldg.,
  4th Floor
122 West 25th St.
Cheyenne, WY  82002
phone:       307 777-7096
U.S. TERRITORIES

American Samoa Env.
Protection Agency
Office of the Governor
American Samoa
Government
ATTN: UST Program
Pago Pago, American
Samoa  96799
phone:       684 633-2304

Commonwealth of
Northern Mariana Islands
Div. of Env. Quality
Box1304
Dr. Torres Hospital
Saipan, MP 96950
phone:       607 234-6984

Guam Env. Protection
Agency
IT&E
Harmon Plaza,
Complex Unit  D-107
130 RojasSt.
Harmon, Guam  96911
phone:       671  646-8863

Puerto Rico Env. Quality
Board
Box 11488
Commonwealth of
  Puerto Rico
Santurce, Puerto Rico
00910
phone:       809767-8109

Virgin Islands Div. of Env.
Protection
Dept. of Planning and
Natural Resources
Nisky Center 231
45A Estate Nisky
Charlotte Amalie
St. Thomas, Virgin
  Islands  00802
phone:       809 774-3320

-------
&EPA
    United States
    Environmental Protection
    Agency
    5403W
    Washington, DC 20460

    Official Business
    Penalty for Private Use
    $300

-------