United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
5403W
ฎEPA Straight Talk On
r EPA5iQ-k-95-003
fe July 1995
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Contents
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111 II ' I III Illl
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Do You Have Questions About Leak Detection? '
11)111 "|lซ III ll III I ll Illll'l I I ,!ซ> II " I I'l I., l 1 1 r - ' ii
An Overview Of Leak Detection Requirements 2
ซ Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring 6
Automatic Tank Gauging Systems . . 8
ll k L "ill""! I, i ป I If P n 'N^ n J
Vapor Monitoring .
Groundwater Monitoring
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12
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111 illlllIP ill" I II Till I Hi I " I III III Illl IW I IHHIHtlH A II I y I'll Ii J
Statistical Inventory Reconciliation
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Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control . . ................ 16
1 Manual Tank Gauging ........ . ........................... 20
jmil'IITI II ซ " L 1 IT " H If 1TM 3 i*
Leak Detection For Underground Piping ........................ 22
Publications And Videos About USTs ....... ....... ........... 26
State Contacts For UST Information ... ....................... 28
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Do You Have Questions About Leak Detection?
As an owner or operator of underground storage tanks (USTs) storing
petroleum:
Do you understand the basic leak detection requirements for USTs?
Are you confused about choosing the most appropriate leak detection
method for your UST?
These are important questions, because your UST and its underground
piping must have leak detection NOW.
This booklet begins with an overview of the regulatory requirements for
leak detection. Each following section focuses on one leak detection
method or the special requirements for piping.
In this booklet, you will find answers to many basic questions about how
leak detection methods work and which methods are most appropriate for
your UST site.
Why is leak detection so important?
As of April 1995, over 287,000 confirmed UST leaks had been reported.
At sites without leak detection, leaks were discovered late, after
contamination had spread, requiring difficult and costly cleanups.
By contrast, if you have effective leak detection, you can respond quickly
to signs of leaks. You can minimize the extent of environmental damage
and the threat to human health and safety. Early action on your part also
protects you from the high costs that can result from cleaning up
extensive leaks and responding to third-party liability claims.
If you need an overview of all the federal requirements for USTs, please
refer to Musts For USTs, a booklet developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). You can order a free copy of this booklet by
calling EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Musts For
USTs.
// your USTs do not
meet the leak
detection
requirements
described in this
booklet, you can be
cited for violations
and fined.
AEPA Musts For USTs
A Summary Of Federal
Regulations for Underground
Storage Tank Systems
Straight Talk On Tanks 1
-------
State or local
regulations may differ
from the federal
requirements, so find
out which
requirements apply to
your UST. See the list
of state UST contacts
starting on page 28.
An Overview Of Leak Detection Requirements
All new USTs (those installed after December 1988) must have leak
detection when they are installed.
USTs installed before December 1988 (called "existing USTs") had
compliance deadlines for leak detection phased in over 5 years.
By December 1993, all "existing USTs" had to have leak detection.
EPA has identified the following methods that owners and operators may
use to meet the federal leak detection requirements: ;
Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring
Automatic Tank Gauging Systems
Vapor Monitoring
Groundwater Monitoring !
ป Statistical Inventory Reconciliation
Other Methods Approved By The Regulatory Authority
The leak detection methods noted above are all monthly monitoring
methods and eventually everyone must use at least one of them.
However, as a temporary method (until 1998 or for 10 years after
installing or upgrading an UST), you can combine tank tightness testing
with inventory control (or with manual tank gauging if you have a small
tank), as explained on page 4.
Brief descriptions of leak detection methods appear on the next two
pages. More complete descriptions appear in the following sections.
Leak detection requirements for piping differ somewhat from those for
tanks. Leak detection methods for piping include secondary containment
with interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring,
statistical inventory reconciliation, and tightness testing. Pressurized
piping must also have an automatic line leak detector. See pages 22-25
for descriptions of the requirements for suction and pressurized piping.
Straight Talk On Tanks 2
-------
" Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring (see pages 6-7)
Secondary containment consists of using a barrier, an outer wall, a
vault, or a liner around the UST or piping. Leaked product from the
inner tank or piping is directed towards an "interstitial" monitor
located between the inner tank or piping and the outer barrier.
Interstitial monitoring methods range from a simple dipstick to a
continuous, automated vapor or liquid sensor permanently installed in
the system.
i Automatic Tank Gauging Systems (see pages 8-9)
A probe permanently installed in the tank is wired to a monitor to
provide information on product level and temperature. These systems
automatically calculate the changes in product volume that can
indicate a leaking tank.
Vapor Monitoring (see pages 10-11)
Vapor monitoring measures product "fumes" in the soil around the
UST to check for a leak. This method requires installation of carefully
placed monitoring wells. Vapor monitoring can be performed manually
on a periodic basis or continuously using permanently installed
equipment.
Groundwater Monitoring (see pages 12-13)
Groundwater monitoring senses the presence of liquid product floating
on the groundwater. This method requires installation of monitoring
wells at strategic locations in the ground near the tank and along the
piping runs. To discover if leaked product has reached groundwater,
these wells can be checked periodically by hand or continuously with
permanently installed equipment. This method cannot be used at sites
where groundwater is more than 20 feet below the surface,
Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (see pages 14-15)
In this method, a trained professional uses sophisticated computer
software to conduct a statistical analysis of inventory, delivery, and '
dispensing data, which you must supply regularly.
Other Methods Approved By The Regulatory Authority
Regulatory authorities can approve any technology that meets a
performance standard of detecting a leak of 0.2 gallons per hour with
a probability of detection of at least 95 percent and a probability of
false alarm of no more than 5 percent.
c
Automatic Tank Gauge.
n n
Straight Talk On Tanks 3
-------
Make sure the vendor
of the leak detection
method you use has
provided you with
evidence that your
leak detection meets
regulatory
requirements for
performance
standards.
Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control (see pages 16-19)
This method combines periodic tank tightness testing with monthly
inventory control. Tightness tests are sophisticated tests performed
by trained professionals. You must also use monthly inventory
control. Inventory control involves taking daily measurements of tank
contents and recording deliveries and amount pumped. Note: this
combined method can be used only during the first 10 years following
new tank installation or upgrade of your existing UST. After that, you
must use monthly monitoring methods. (This combined method can
also be used temporarily, until December 1998, with tanks that have
not been upgraded with spill, overfill, and corrosion protection.)
Manual Tank Gauging (see pages 20-21) ,
Manual tank gauging can be used only for tanks of 2,000 gallons or
less capacity. This method requires keeping the tank undisturbed for
at least 36 hours each week, during which the contents, of the tank
are measured twice at the beginning and twice at the end of the test
period. At the end of the month, you average the weekly tests and
compare the results to the standards shown on page 21 to see if your
tank may be leaking. This method can be used by itself only for tanks
up to 1,000 gallons. Tanks between 1,001 and 2,000 gallons can use
this method only in combination with periodic tank tightness testing.
This combined method, however, can be used only during the first
10 years after tank installation or upgrade. (The combined method
can also be used temporarily, until December 1998, with tanks that
have not been upgraded with spill, overfill, and corrosion protection.)
Look For The "Proof" Of A Third-Party Evaluation
An evaluation performed by a third party (someone who is, independent of
the manufacturer or vendor of the leak detection system) shows that a
leak detection system can work as designed. The evaluation follows
required evaluation procedures, and often takes place in a laboratory.
EPA and third parties have developed evaluation procedures for all leak
detection systems. \
Although an evaluation and its resulting documentation are technical, you
should be familiar with the evaluation's "results" form and, when
provided, its "description" form. You should obtain these :forms from the
leak detection vendor and keep them on file. They contain a signed
certification that the system performed as described, as well as
documenting any limitations of the system. This information is important
to your compliance with the UST requirements. For example, if a tank
tightness test was evaluated and certified only for tests taking 2 hours or
more, then your UST must be tested for at least 2 hours or it would fail
to meet the leak detection requirements. EPA also advises that a leak
detection system should not be used on UST systems more than
1.5 times the capacity of the UST used in the evaluation.
Straight Talk On Tanks 4
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Required "Probabilities" For Some Leak Detect/on
The regulations require not only that leak detection methods be able to
detect certain leak rates, but that they also give the correct answer
consistently. In general, methods must detect the specified leak rate
with a probability of detection of at least 95 percent and a probability of
false alarm of no more than 5 percent. Simply stated, this means that, of
100 tests of USTs leaking at the specified rate, at least 95 of them must
be correctly detected. It also means that, of 100 tests of non-leaking
USTs, no more than 5 can be incorrectly called leaking. This is what is
meant by the "probabilities" noted in this booklet.
Which leak detection method is best for you?
There is no one leak detection system that is best for all sites, nor is
there a particular type of leak detection that is consistently the least
expensive.
Each leak detection method has unique characteristics. For example,
vapor detection devices work rapidly and most effectively in porous soils,
while liquid detectors are only appropriate for areas with a high water
table.
Identifying the best leak detection choice for your UST depends on a
number of factors including cost (both initial installation cost and long-
term operation and maintenance cost), facility configuration (such as
complexity of piping runs and manifolded tanks), groundwater depth, soil
type, seasonal rainfall and temperature ranges, availability of experienced
installers, and other variables.
You should look around extensively for experienced, professional vendors
and installers of leak detection. Ask questions that help you find the most
reliable, cost-effective leak detection for your type of facility. Some
possible information sources are: references from fellow UST owners, oil!
marketers, equipment suppliers, trade journals, trade associations, state
and local trade associations (especially those for petroleum marketers and
UST owners), and state and local regulatory authorities. (See the list of
state UST contacts starting on page 28.) Your state may also have an
assistance fund that may be able to help you pay for your UST's leak
detection.
For additional information about federal UST requirements, contact EPA's
RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346.
Some states
maintain lists of
those leak detection
systems that have
been evaluated by
third parties. Check
with your state to
see which systems
are allowed in your
state. See list of
state contacts
starting on page 28.
Straight Talk On Tanks 5
-------
Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring
Will you be in compliance? \
When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's
specifications, secondary containment with interstitial monitoring meets
the federal leak detection requirements for new and existing USTs.
Operation of the monitoring device at least once each month fulfills the
requirements for the life of the tank. Secondary containment with
interstitial monitoring can also be used to detect leaks from piping (see
the section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22).
How does the leak detection method work?
Secondary containment
Secondary containment provides a barrier between the tank and the
environment. The barrier holds the leak between the tank and the
barrier so that the leak is detected. The barrier is shaped so that a
leak will be directed towards the interstitial monitor.
Barriers include:
- Double-walled or "jacketed" tanks, in which an outer; wall partially
or completely surrounds the primary tank; :
> Concrete vaults, with or without lining;
* Internally fitted liners ("bladders"); and
> Leakproof excavation liners that partially or completely surround the
tank.
Clay and other earthen materials cannot be used as barriers.
Interstitial monitors \
Monitors are used to check the area between the tank and the barrier
for leaks and alert the operator if a leak is suspected.
ป Some monitors indicate the physical presence of the leaked product,
either liquid or gaseous. Other monitors check for a change in
condition that indicates a hole in the tank, such as a loss of vacuum
or a change in the level of a monitoring liquid between the walls of a
double-walled tank.
Monitors can be as simple as a dipstick used at the lowest point of the
containment to see if liquid product has leaked and pooled there.
Monitors can also be sophisticated automated systems that
continuously check for leaks.
Straight Talk On Tanks 6
-------
What are the regulatory requirements?
The barrier must be immediately around or beneath the tank.
The interstitial monitor must be checked at least once every 30 days.
A double-walled system must be able to detect a release through the
inner wall.
An excavation liner must:
* Direct a leak towards the monitor;
Not allow the specific product being stored to pass through it any faster
than 10'8 cm/sec;
> Be compatible with the product stored in the tank;
> Not interfere with the UST's cathodic protection;
> Not be disabled by moisture;
> Always be above the groundwater and the 25-year flood plain; and
ป Have clearly marked and secured monitoring wells, if they are used.
Will it work at your site?
In areas with high groundwater or a lot of rainfall, it may be necessary
to select a secondary containment system that completely surrounds
the tank to prevent moisture from interfering with the monitor.
Anything else you should consider?
This method works effectively only if the barrier and the interstitial
monitor are installed correctly. Therefore, trained and experienced
installers are necessary.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of secondary
containment that
differ from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 7
-------
Wปtซr Level ,/jK
Automatic Tank Gauging Systems
Will you be in compliance?
When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's
specifications, automatic tank gauging systems (ATGS) meet the federal
leak detection requirements for new and existing USTs. A test performed
each month fulfills the requirements for the life of the tank. (For
additional requirements for piping, see the section on leak detection for
piping starting on page 22.)
How does the leak detection method work?
The product level and temperature in a tank are measured
continuously and automatically analyzed and recorded by: a computer.
In the "inventory mode," the ATGS replaces the use of the gauge stick
to measure product level and perform inventory control. This mode
records the activities of an in-service tank, including deliveries.
In the "test mode," the tank is taken out of service and the product
level and temperature are measured for at least one hourJ Some
systems, known as "continuous ATGS," do not require the tank to be
taken out of service to perform a test. This is because these systems
can gather and analyze data during many short periods when no
product is being added to or taken from the tank. j
What are the regulatory requirements?
The ATGS must be able to detect a leak no larger than 012 gallons per
hour with certain probabilities of detection and of false alarm. Some
ATGS can also detect a leak of 0.1 gallons per hour with the required
probabilities. i
Will it work at your site?
a ATGS have been used primarily on tanks containing gasoline or diesel,
with a capacity of up to 15,000 gallons. If considering using an
ATGS for larger tanks or products other than gasoline or diesel,
discuss its applicability with the manufacturer's representative.
Water around a tank may hide a leak by temporarily preventing the
product from leaving the tank. To detect a leak in this situation, the
ATGS should be capable of detecting water in the bottorn of a tank.
Straight Talk On Tanks 8
-------
Anything else you should consider?
The ATGS probe is permanently installed through an opening (not the
fill pipe) on the top of the tank. Each tank at a site must be equipped
with a separate probe.
The ATGS probe is connected to a monitor that displays ongoing
product level information and the results of the monthly test. Printers
can be connected to the monitor to record this information.
ATGS are often equipped with alarms for high and low product level,
high water level, and theft.
ATGS can be linked with computers at other locations, from which the
system can be programmed or read.
For ATGS that are not of the "continuous" type, no product should be
delivered to the tank or withdrawn from it for at least 6 hours before
the monthly test or during the test (which generally takes 1 to 6
hours).
An ATGS can be programmed to perform a test more often than once
per month (a recommended practice).
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of ATGS that
differ from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 9
-------
Vapor Monitoring
Will you be in compliance?
When installed and operated according to the manufacturers instructions,
vapor monitoring meets the federal leak detection requirements for new
and existing USTs. Operation of a vapor monitoring system at least once
each month fulfills the requirements for the life of the tank. Vapor
monitoring can also be installed to detect leaks from piping (see the
section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22). ;
How does the leak detection method work?
Vapor monitoring senses or measures "fumes" from leakpd product in
the soil around the tank to determine if the tank is leaking.
ป Fully automated vapor monitoring systems have permanently installed
equipment to continuously or periodically gather and analyze vapor
samples and respond to a release with a visual or audible alarm.
" Manually operated vapor monitoring systems range from equipment
that immediately analyzes a gathered vapor sample to devices that
gather a sample that must be sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Monitoring results from manual systems are generally less accurate
than those from automated systems. Manual systems must be used
at least once a month to monitor a site.
All vapor monitoring devices should be periodically calibrated
according to the manufacturer's instructions to ensure that they are
properly responding.
Before installation, a site assessment is necessary to determine the
soil type, groundwater depth and flow direction, and the general
geology of the site. This can only be done by a trained professional.
The number of wells and their placement is very important. Only an
experienced contractor can properly design and construct an effective
monitoring well system. Vapor monitoring requires the installation of
monitoring wells within the tank backfill. A minimum of two wells is
recommended for a single tank excavation. Three or more wells are
recommended for an excavation with two or more tanks. Some state
and local agencies have developed regulations for monitoring well
placement. i
Straight Talk On Tanks 10
-------
What are the regulatory requirements?
The UST backfill must be sand, gravel or another material that will
allow the vapors to easily move to the monitor.
The backfill should be clean enough that previous contamination does
not interfere with the detection of a current leak.
The substance stored in the UST must vaporize easily so that the
vapor monitor can detect a release.
" High ground water, excessive rain, or other sources of moisture must
not interfere with the operation of vapor monitoring for more than 30
consecutive days.
Monitoring wells must be secured and clearly marked.
Will it work at your site?
Before installing a vapor monitoring system, a site assessment must
be done to determine whether vapor monitoring is appropriate at the
site. A site assessment usually includes at least a determination of
the groundwater level, background contamination, stored product
type, and soil type. This assessment can only be done by a trained
professional.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of vapor
monitoring that
differ from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 1 1
-------
Groundwater Monitoring
NOTE:
Groundwater
monitoring cannot
be used at sites
where groundwater
is more than 20 feet
below the surface.
Will you be in compliance?
When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions,
a groundwater monitoring system meets the federal leak detection
requirements for new and existing USTs. Operation of a groundwater
monitoring system at least once each month fulfills the requirements for
the life of a tank. Groundwater monitoring can also be used to detect
leaks in piping (see the section on leak detection for piping starting on
page 22). |
How does the leak detection method work?
Groundwater monitoring involves the use of permanent monitoring
wells placed close to the UST. The wells are checked at least monthly
for the presence of product that has leaked from the UST and is
floating on the groundwater surface. j
The two main components of a groundwater monitoring system are
the monitoring well (typically a well of 2-4 inches in diameter) and the
monitoring device.
a Detection devices may be permanently installed in the well for
automatic, continuous measurements for leaked product.
Detection devices are also available in manual form. Manual devices
range from a bailer (used to collect a liquid sample for visual
inspection) to a device that can be inserted into the well to
electronically indicate the presence of leaked product. Manual devices
must be operated at least once a month.
Before installation, a site assessment is necessary to determine the
soil type, groundwater depth and flow direction, and the general
geology of the site. This assessment can only be done by a trained
professional.
The number of wells and their placement is very important. Only an
experienced contractor can properly design and construct an effective
monitoring well system. A minimum of two wells is recommended for
a single tank excavation. Three or more wells are recommended for
an excavation with two or more tanks. Some state and local
agencies have developed regulations for monitoring well placement. ,
Straight Talk On Tanks 12
-------
What are the regulatory requirements?
Groundwater monitoring can only be used if the stored substance does
not easily mix with water and floats on top of water.
If groundwater monitoring is to be the sole method of leak detection,
the groundwater must not be more than 20 feet below the surface,
and the soil between the well and the UST must be sand, gravel or
other coarse materials.
Monitoring wells must be properly designed and sealed to keep then
from becoming contaminated from outside sources. The wells must
also be clearly marked and secured.
Wells should be placed in the UST backfill so that they can detect a
leak as quickly as possible.
ป Product detection devices must be able to detect one-eighth inch or
less of leaked product on top of the groundwater.
Will it work at your site?
In general, groundwater monitoring works best at UST sites where:
* Monitoring wells are installed in the tank backfill; and
* There are no previous releases of product that would falsely
indicate a current release.
A professionally conducted site assessment is critical for determining
these site-specific conditions.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of groundwater
monitoring that
differ from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 13
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You can order a
booklet,
Introduction To
Statistical
Reconciliation, that
describes the use of
this method. To
order this free
booklet, callEPA's
toll-free Hotline at
800424-9346
Statistical Inventory Reconciliation
, \
Will you be in compliance? \
Statistical inventory reconciliation (SIR), when performed according to the
vendor's specifications, meets federal leak detection requirements for new
and existing USTs as follows. SIR with a 0.2 gallon per hour leak
detection capability meets the federal requirements for monthly monitoring
for the life of the tank and piping. SIR with a 0.1 gallon per hour leak
detection capability meets the federal requirements as an equivalent to
tank tightness testing. SIR can, if it has the capability of detecting even
smaller leaks, meet the federal requirements for line tightness testing as
well. (For additional requirements for piping, see the section on leak
detection for piping starting on page 22.)
How does the leak detection method work?
SIR analyzes inventory, delivery, and dispensing data collected over a
period of time to determine whether or not a tank system is leaking.
Each operating day, the product level is measured using a gauge stick
or other tank level monitor. You also keep complete records of all
withdrawals from the UST and all deliveries to the UST. After data
have been collected for the period of time required by trip SIR vendor,
you provide the data to the SIR vendor. !
!
The SIR vendor uses sophisticated computer software to conduct a
statistical analysis of the data to determine whether or not your UST
may be leaking. The SIR vendor provides you with a test report of the
analysis.
What are the regulatory requirements?
To be allowable as monthly monitoring, a SIR method must be able to
detect a leak at least as small as 0.2 gallons per hour and meet the
federal regulatory requirements regarding probabilities of\ detection and
of false alarm. Data must be submitted at least monthly
To be allowable as an equivalent to tank tightness testing, a SIR
method must be able to detect a leak at least as small 0.1 gallons per
hour and meet the federal regulatory requirements regarding
probabilities of detection and of false alarm. '
The individual SIR method must have been evaluated with a test
procedure to certify that it can detect leaks at the required level and
with the appropriate probabilities of detection and of false alarm.
Straight Talk On Tanks 14
-------
If the test report is not conclusive, you must take the steps necessary
to find out conclusively whether your tank is leaking. Because SIR
requires multiple days of data, you will probably have to use another
method.
You must keep on file both the test reports and the documentation that
the SIR method used is certified as valid for your UST system.
Will it work at your site?
Generally, few product or site restrictions apply to the use of SIR.
SIR has been used primarily on tanks no more than 18,000 gallons in
capacity. If you are considering using a SIR method for larger tanks,
discuss its applicability with the vendor.
ป Water around a tank may hide a hole in the tank or distort the data to
be analyzed by temporarily preventing a leak. To detect a leak in this
situation, you must check for water at least once a month.
Anything else you should consider?
Data, including product level measurements, dispensing data, and
delivery data, should all be carefully collected according to the SIR
vendor's specifications. Poor data collection produces inconclusive
results and noncompliance.
The SIR vendor will generally provide forms for recording data, a
calibrated chart converting liquid level to volume, and detailed
instructions on conducting measurements.
" SIR should not be confused with other release detection methods that
also rely on periodic reconciliation of inventory, withdrawal, and
delivery data. Unlike manual tank gauging or inventory control, SIR
uses a sophisticated statistical analysis of data to detect releases. This
analysis can only be done by competent, trained practitioners.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of statistical
inventory
reconciliation that
differ from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 15
-------
Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control
Will you be in compliance?
When performed according to the manufacturer's specifications, periodic
tank tightness testing combined with monthly inventory control can
temporarily (as described below) meet the federal leak detection
requirements for new and existing USTs.
These two leak detection methods must be used together, because
neither method alone meets the federal requirements for leak detection
for tanks. Tightness testing is aiso an option for underground piping, as
described in the section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22.
Because they must be used together, both tank tightness testing and
inventory control are discussed in this section. Tank tightness; testing is
discussed first, followed by inventory control. \
Tank Tightness Testing
How does the leak detection method work?
Tightness tests include a wide variety of methods. Other terms used for
these methods include "precision," "volumetric," and "nonvolumetnc"
testing.
Many tightness test methods are "volumetric" methods in which the
change in product level in a tank over several hours is measured very
precisely (in milliliters or thousandths of an inch).
Other methods use acoustics or tracer chemicals to determine the
presence of a hole in the tank. With such methods, all of the factors
in the following bullets may not apply.
For most methods, changes in product temperature also must be
measured very precisely (thousandths of a degree) at the same time as
level measurements, because temperature changes cause volume
changes that interfere with finding a [leak.
For most methods, a net decrease in product volume (subtracting out
volume .changes caused by temperature) over the time of the test
indicates a leak.
ป The testing equipment is temporarily installed in the tank, usually
through the fill pipe.
Straight Talk On Tanks 16
-------
The tank must be taken out of service for the test, generally for
several hours, depending on the method.
Many test methods require that the product in the tank be a certain
level before testing, which often requires adding product from another
tank on-site or purchasing additional product.
Some tightness test methods require all of the measurements and
calculations to be made by hand by the tester. Other tightness test
methods are highly automated. After the tester sets up the
equipment, a computer controls the measurements and analysis.
A few methods measure properties of the product that are
independent of temperature, such as the mass of the product, and so
do not need to measure product temperature.
Some automatic tank gauging systems are capable of meeting the
regulatory requirements for tank tightness testing and can be
considered as an equivalent method.
What are the regulatory requirements?
The tightness test method must be able to detect a leak at least as
small as 0.1 gallon per hour with certain probabilities of detection and
of false alarm.
Tightness tests must be performed periodically. New tanks must be
tightness tested every 5 years for 10 years following installation.
Upgraded existing tanks must be tightness tested every 5 years for TO
years following upgrade. ("Upgraded" tanks have spill, overfill, and
corrosion protection.) Existing tanks that have not been upgraded
must be tightness tested every year until 1998 (subsequently these
tanks must be upgraded, replaced, or closed).
After the applicable time period noted above, you must have a
monitoring method that can be performed at least once per month.
See the other sections of this booklet for allowable monthly
monitoring options.
Will it work at your site?
Tank tightness testing has been used primarily on tanks no more than
15,000 gallons in capacity containing gasoline and diesel. If you are
considering using tightness testing for larger tanks or products other
than gasoline or diesel, discuss the method's applicability with the
manufacturer's representative.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of these
methods that differ
from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 17
-------
Anything else you should consider?
m For most methods, the test is performed by a testing company. You
just observe the test.
Manifolded tanks generally should be disconnected and tested
separately. '
Depending on the method, up to 4 tanks can be tested at one time.
Generally, an automated system is necessary to test 3 or ;4 tanks at a
time.
Procedure and personnel, not equipment, are usually the most
important factors in a successful tightness test. Therefore, well-
trained and experienced testers are very important. Some states and
local authorities have tester certification programs.
Doing inw-ntoiy Control Kfrt
for Uxfeigrcund Storage Tanks
Inventory Control
How does the leak detection method work?
Inventory control requires daily measurements of tank contents and math
calculations that let you compare your "stick" inventory (what you ve
measured) to your "book" inventory (what your recordkeeping indicates
you should have). Some people call this process "inventory ^
reconciliation." If the difference between your "stick" and book
inventory is too large, your tank may be leaking.
EPA has a booklet. Doing Inventory Control Right, that fully explains how
to do inventory control. The booklet also contains standard reporting
forms. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's toll-free Hotline
at 800 424-9346 and asking for Doing Inventory Control Right.
UST inventories are determined daily by using a gauge stick and the
data is recorded on a form. The level on the gauge stick is converted
to a volume of product in the tank using a calibration chart, which is
often furnished by the UST manufacturer.
The amounts of product delivered to and withdrawn from the UST
each day are also recorded. At least once each month, the gauge
stick data and the sales and delivery data are reconciled; and the
month's overage or shortage is determined. If the overage or shortage
is greater than or equal to 1.0 percent of the tank's flow-through
volume plus 130 gallons of product, the UST may be leaking.
Straight Talk On Tanks 1
-------
What are the regulatory requirements?
Inventory control must be used in conjunction with periodic tank
tightness tests.
The gauge stick should be long enough to reach the bottom of the
tank and marked so that the product level can be determined to the
nearest one-eighth of an inch.
A monthly measurement must be taken to identify any water at the
bottom of the tank.
Deliveries must be made through a drop tube that extends to within
one foot of the tank bottom.
Product dispensers must be calibrated to the local weights and
measures standards.
Will it work at your site?
If your tank is not level, inventory control may need to be modified. You
will need to get a corrected tank chart.
Anything else you should consider?
" Inventory control is a practical, commonly used management tool that
does not require closing down the tank operation for long periods.
You can perform inventory control yourself.
The accuracy of tank gauging can be greatly increased by spreading
product-finding paste on the gauge stick before taking measurements
(or by using in-tank product level monitoring devices).
Straight Talk On Tanks 19
-------
ซEPA Momwl Tank Gauging
For Snut Unttngrauixl
I Tanks
Manual Tank Gauging
Will you be in compliance?
NOTE: Manual tank gauging can only be used for smaller tanks. Tanks
1 000 gallons or less can use this method alone, but tanks from 1,OO1-
2000 gallons can only use manual tank gauging when it is combined
with tank tightness testing. Manual tank gauging cannot be used for
tanks over 2,000 gallons. When performed according to recommended
practices, manual tank gauging meets the federal leak detection
requirements for USTs with a capacity of 1,000 gallons or less for the life
of the tank. (For additional requirements for piping, see the section on
teak detection for piping starting on page 22.)
How does the leak detection method work?
EPA has a booklet, Manual Tank Gauging, that fully explains how to do
manual tank gauging correctly. The booklet also contains standard
reporting forms. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA s toll-free
Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Manual Tank Gauging.
Four measurements of the tank's contents must be taken weekly, two
at the beginning and two at the end of at least a 36-hour period
during which nothing is added to or removed from the tank. See the
table on the next page.
The'average of the two consecutive ending measurements are
subtracted from the average of the two beginning measurements to
indicate the change in product volume.
Every week, the calculated change in tank volume is compared to the
standards shown in the table on the next page. If the calculated
change exceeds the weekly standard, the UST may be leaking. Also,
monthly averages of the four weekly test results must be compared
to the monthly standard in the same way. See the table on the next
page.
What are the regulatory requirements?
I
I
Liquid level measurements must be taken with a gauge stick that is
marked to measure the liquid to the nearest one-eighth of an inch.
Manual tank gauging may be used as the sole method of leak
detection for tanks with a capacity of 1,000 gallons or less for the life
of the tank. Tanks between 551 and 1,000 gallons have two testing
standards based on their diameter (see table). These tanks may use a
combination of manual tank gauging and periodic tank tightness for
the life of the tank (see table for testing standards).
Straight Talk: On Tanks 2O
-------
Table of Test Standards for Manual Tank Gauging
Tank Size
up to 550 gallons
55 1-1 ,000 gallons (when
tank diameter is 64")
551-1,000 gallons (when
tank diameter is 48")
55 1-1 ,000 gallons
(also requires periodic
tank tightness testing)
1,001 -2,000 gallons
(also requires periodic
tank tightness testing)
Minimum
Duration Of Test
36 hours
44 hours
58 hours
36 hours
36 hours
Weekly Standard
(1 test)
1 0 gallons
9 gallons
1 2 gallons
1 3 gallons
26 gallons
Monthly Standard
(4-test average)
5 gallons
4 gallons
6 gallons
7 gallons
1 3 gallons
For tanks with a capacity of 1,001-2,000 gallons, manual tank
gauging must be combined with periodic tightness testing. New tanks
must be tightness tested every 5 years for 10 years following
installation. Upgraded existing tanks must be tightness tested every
5 years for 10 years following upgrade. ("Upgraded" tanks have spill,
overfill, and corrosion protection.) Existing tanks that have not been
upgraded must be tightness tested every year until 1998. See the
earlier section on tank tightness testing for details on this method.
Unless the tank is 1,000 gallons or less, this combined method will
meet the federal requirements only temporarily (as explained above).
You must eventually have another monitoring method that can be
performed at least once a month. See the other sections of this
booklet for allowable monthly monitoring options.
Tanks greater than 2,000 gallons in capacity may not use this method
of leak detection to meet these regulatory requirements.
Will it work at your site?
" Manual tank gauging is inexpensive and can be an effective leak
detection method when used as described above with tanks of the
appropriate size.
Anything else you should consider?
You can perform manual tank gauging yourself. Correct gauging,
recording, and interpretation are the most important factors for
successful tank gauging. The accuracy of tank gauging can be greatly
increased by spreading product-finding paste on the gauge stick before
taking measurements.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of manual tank
gauging that differ
from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 21
-------
Leak Detection For Underground Piping :
Will you be in compliance?
When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's
specifications, the leak detection methods discussed here meet the
federal regulatory requirements for the life of new and existing
underground piping systems. Your UST may have suction or pressurized
piping, which are discussed below. !
What are the regulatory requirements for suction piping?
No leak detection is required if the suction piping has (1) enough slope
so that the product in the pipe can drain back into the tank when
suction is released and (2) has only one check valve, which is as close
as possible beneath the pump in the dispensing unit. If a suction line
is to be considered exempt based on these design elements, there
must be some way to check that the line was actually installed
according to these plans.
If a suction line does not meet all of the design criteria noted above,
one of the following leak detection methods must be used:
A line tightness test at least every 3 years; or
ป- Monthly interstitial monitoring; or
ป Monthly vapor monitoring; or
> Monthly groundwater monitoring; or ,
> Monthly statistical inventory reconciliation. :
The line tightness test must be able to detect a leak at least as small as
0.1 gallon per hour with certain probabilities of detection and of false
alarm. ;
Interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring, and
statistical inventory reconciliation have the same regulatory requirements
for piping as they do for tanks. See the earlier sections of this booklet on
those methods.
Straight Talk On Tanks 22
-------
What are the regulatory requirements for pressurized piping?
Each pressurized piping run must have one leak detection method from
each set below:
An Automatic Line Leak Detector:
* Automatic flow restrictor; or
> Automatic flow shutoff; or
> Continuous alarm system.
And One Other Method:
ป Monthly interstitial monitoring; or
* Monthly vapor monitoring; or
> Monthly groundwater monitoring; or
> Monthly statistical inventory reconciliation; or
> Annual tightness test.
The automatic line leak detector (LLD) must be designed to detect a
leak at least as small as 3 gallons per hour at a line pressure of
10 pounds per square inch within 1 hour by shutting off the product
flow, restricting the product flow, or triggering an audible or visual
alarm.
The line tightness test must be able to detect a leak at least as small
as 0.1 gallon per hour when the line pressure is 1.5 times its normal
operating pressure. The test must be conducted each year. If the test
is performed at pressures lower than 1.5 times operating pressure, the
leak rate to be detected must be correspondingly lower.
Automatic LLDs and line tightness tests must also be able to meet the
federal regulatory requirements regarding probabilities of detection and
false alarm.
Interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring, and
statistical inventory reconciliation have the same regulatory
requirements for piping as they do for tanks. See the earlier sections
of this booklet on those methods.
How do the leak detection methods work?
Automatic line leak detectors (LLDs)
o Flow restrictors and flow shutoffs can monitor the pressure within the
line in a variety of ways: whether the pressure decreases over time;
how long it takes for a line to reach operating pressure; and
combinations of increases and decreases in pressure.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of leak
detection methods
for piping that differ
from those
described here.
Straight Talk On Tanks 23
-------
If a suspected leak is detected, a flow restrictor keeps the product
flow through the line well below the usual flow rate. If a suspected
leak is detected, a flow shutoff completely cuts off product flow in
the line or shuts down the pump.
A continuous alarm system constantly monitors line conditions and
immediately triggers an audible or visual alarm if a leak is suspected.
Automated internal, vapor, or interstitial line monitoring systems can
also be set up to operate continuously and sound an alarm, flash a
signal on the console, or even ring a telephone in a manager's office
when a leak is suspected.
Both automatic flow restrictors and shutoffs are permanently installed
directly into the pipe or the pump housing.
Vapor and interstitial monitoring systems can be combined with
automatic shutoff systems so that whenever the monitor detects a
suspected release the piping system is shut down. This would qualify
as a continuous alarm system. Such a setup would meet ithe monthly
monitoring requirement as well as the LLD requirement. :
Line tightness testing
Tracer methods do not measure pressure or flow rates of the product.
Instead they use a tracer chemical to determine if there is a hole in the
line. With tracer methods, all of the factors below may not apply.
The line is taken out of service and pressurized, usually above the
normal operating pressure. A drop in pressure over time, usually an
hour or more, suggests a possible leak.
Suction lines are not pressurized very much during a tightness test
(about 7 to 15 pounds per square inch). |
Most line tightness tests are performed by a testing company. You
just observe the test. \
Some tank tightness test methods can be performed to include a
tightness test of the connected piping.
For most line tightness tests, no permanent equipment is Installed.
In the event of trapped vapor pockets, it may not be possible to
conduct a valid line tightness test. There is no way to tell definitely
before the test begins if this will be a problem, but long complicated
piping runs with many risers and dead ends are more likely to have
vapor pockets. j
Some permanently installed electronic systems (such as some ATGS)
can meet the requirements of a line tightness test.
Straight Talk On Tanks 24
-------
Secondary containment with interstitial monitoring
" A barrier is placed between the piping and the environment. Double-
walled piping or a leakproof liner in the piping trench can be used.
A monitor is placed between the piping and the barrier to sense a leak
if it occurs. Monitors range from a simple stick that can be put in a
sump to see if a liquid is present, to continuous automated systems,,
such as those that monitor for the presence of liquid product or
vapors.
Proper installation of secondary containment is the most important
and the most difficult aspect of this leak detection method. Trained
and experienced installers are necessary.
ป See the section on secondary containment for additional information.
Secondary containment for piping is similar to that for tanks.
Vapor or groundwater monitoring
Vapor monitoring detects product that leaks into the soil and
evaporates.
Groundwater monitoring checks for leaked product floating on the
groundwater near the piping.
ป A site assessment must be used to determine monitoring well
placement and spacing.
UST systems using vapor or groundwater monitoring for the tanks are
well suited to use the same monitoring method for the piping.
See the earlier sections on vapor and groundwater monitoring. Use of
these methods with piping is similar to that for tanks.
Straight Talk On Tanks 25
-------
Publications And Videos About USTs
1
PUBLICATIONS
TITLE
AVAILABLE FREE FROM
Musts For USTs: A Summary Of The Federal Regulations For
Underground Storage Tank Systems
Booklet clearly summarizes federal UST requirements for installation,
release detection, spill, overfill, and corrosion protection, corrective
action, closure, reporting and recordkeeping. (About 40 pages.)
Normas Y Procedimientos Para T.S.A.
Spanish translation of Musts For USTs. (About 40 pages.)
Tank Issues: Site Characterization For External Leak Monitoring
Booklet discusses natural and man-made site characteristics that need to
be considered in the design of a vapor or groundwater monitoring
system. (About 5 pages.)
Tank Issues: Design And Placement Of Floating Liquid Monitoring Wells
Booklet discusses site conditions that affect the performance of liquid
product monitors and the construction and placement of monitoring
wells. (About 5 pages.)
Doing Inventory Control Right: For Underground Storage Tanks
Booklet describes how owners and operators of USTs can use inventory
control and periodic tightness testing to meet federal leak detection
requirements. Contains reporting forms. (About 16 pages.)
Manual Tank Gauging: For Small Underground Storage Tanks .
Booklet provides simple, step-by-step directions for conducting manual
tank gauging for tanks 2,000 gallons or smaller. Contains reporting
forms. (About 12 pages.)
Introduction To Statistical Inventory Reconciliation: For Underground
Storage Tanks
Booklet describes the use of Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR) to
meet federal leak detection requirements. (About 12 pages.)
Don't Wait Until 1998: Spill, Overfill, And Corrosion Protection For
Underground Storage Tanks
Information to help owners and operators of USTs meet the 1998
deadline for compliance with requirements to upgrade, replace, or close
USTs installed before December 1988. (About 16 pages.)
Dollars And Sense: Financial Responsibility Requirements For
Underground Storage Tanks
Booklet clearly summarizes the "financial responsibility" required of UST
owners and operators by federal UST regulations. (About 16 pages.)
An Overview Of Underground Storage Tank Remediation Options
Fact sheets provide information about technologies that can be used to
remediate petroleum contamination in soil and groundwater. (About 26
pages.)
Controlling UST Cleanup Costs
Fact sheet series on the cleanup process includes: Hiring a Contractor,
Negotiating the Contract, Interpreting the Bill, Managing the Process, and
Understanding Contractor Code Words. (About 10 pages.)
You can call EPA's toll-free
RCRA/Superfund Hotline at
800 424-9346 and order free
copies. Just identify the titles you
want. Or you can write and ask
for titles by addressing your
requests to: '.
NCEPI
Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Or you can fax your order to NCEPI
at 513 891-6685.
Straight Talk On Tanks 26
-------
Publications And Videos About USTs
VIDEOS
TITLE/COST
AVAILABLE FROM
Doing It Right
Illustrates proper installation of underground tanks and piping for
installation crews. Part 1: Tanks (24 minutes); Part 2: Piping (16
minutes). Cost: $25
Doing It Right II: Installing Required UST Equipment
Illustrates installation of spill and overfill equipment, observation wells,
and piping leak detection (23 minutes). Cost: $60
Doing It Right and Doing it Right II Set Cost: $75
Keeping It Clean: Making Safe And Spill-Free Motor Fuel Deliveries
Making pollution-free deliveries to USTs. Includes Stage 1 vapor
recovery, overfill prevention and spill containment. For fuel tanker
drivers and UST owner/operators (25 minutes). Cost: $60
Petroleum Leaks Underground
How liquids and vapors move in the subsurface and why early response
to leaked petroleum is so important. Part 1: How Liquids Move (14
minutes); Part 2: How Vapors Move (15 minutes). Cost: $75
Straight Talk On Leak Detection
Overview of the leak detection methods available for complying with
federal regulations. Part 1: Straight Talk From Tank Owners (owners
address the problems of UST compliance 15 minutes]); Part 2: Straight
Talk On Leak Detection (30 minutes). Cost: $40
Environmental Media Center
Box 30212
Bethesda, MD 20814
301 654-7141
800 522-0362
Visa and MasterCard accepted
Tank Closure Without Tears: An Inspector's Safety Guide
Focuses on explosive vapors and safe tank removal (30 minutes). Video
and Booklet Cost: $35; Booklet: $5
What Do We Have Here?: An Inspector's Guide To Site Assessment At
Tank Closure
Inspecting sites for contamination where tanks have been removed.
Part 1: Site Assessment Overview (30 minutes); Part 2: Field Testing
Instruments At A Glance (14 minutes); Part 3: Soil And Water Sampling
At A Glance (7 minutes). Video and Booklet Cost: $45; Booklet: $5
Searching For The Honest Tank: A Guide To UST Facility Compliance
Inspection
Covers major steps of UST inspections from protocols and equipment to
enforcement and followup; from cathodic protection to leak detection.
Directed at inspectors, yet also helpful to owners and operators (30
minutes). Video arid Booklet Cost: $40; Booklet: $5
New England Interstate
Environmental Training Center
ATTN:VIDEOS
2 Fort Rosid
South Portland, ME 04106
207 767-2539
Straight Talk On Tanks 27
-------
State Contacts For UST Information
[LUST contacts focus on leaking underground storage tanks.]
Alabama Dept. of Env.
Management
Groundwater Section/
Water Division
Box 301463
Montgomery, AL
36130-1463
UST phone:
334271-7986
LUST phone:
334 271-7834
Alaska Dept. of Env.
Conservation
410 Willoughby Ave.
Junoau, AK
99801-1795
phone: 907 465-5203
Arizona Dept. of Env.
Quality
3033 N. Central Ave.
Phoenix, AZ 85O12
phone: 602 207-4324
Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control & Ecology
Regulated Storage
Tank Division
8001 National Dr.
Little Rock, AR
72209
phone: 501 570-2801
California State Water
Resources Control Board
Div. of Clean Water
Program
Box 944212
Sacramento, CA
94244-2120
phone: 916227-4313
[UST contact]
Colorado State OP
Inspection Office
1515 Arapahoe Street
Suite 525, Tower 3
Denver, CO
80202-2117
phone: 303 620-4300
[LUST contact!
Colorado Dept. of Health
Hazardous Materials &
Waste Mgt. Div.
UST Program
4300 Cherry Creek Dr. S.
Denver, CO 80220
phone: 303 692-3453
Connecticut Dept. of Env.
Protection
UST Program
State Office Bldg.
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
phone: 203 424-3374
DC Env. Regulatory
Administration
Pesticides, Hazardous
Waste & UST Div.
2100 Martin Luther King
Ave. S.E., Suite 203
Washington, D.C. 20020
phone: 202 645-6080
Delaware Dept. of Natural
Resources & Env. Control
UST Branch
715 Grantham Lane
Newcastle, DE 19720
phone: 302 323-4588
Florida Dept. of Env.
Regulation
Tank Section
Twin Towers Office
Bldg., Rm. 403
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, FL
32399-2400
phone: 904 488-3935
Georgia Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Mgt. Program
4244 Intl. Parkway,
Suite 100
Atlanta, GA 30354
phone: 404 362-2687
Hawaii Dept. of Health
Solid and Hazardous
Waste Branch
919 Ala Moana Blvd.,
Suite 212
Honolulu, HI 96814
phone: 808 586-4226
Idaho Dept. of Health &
Welfare
Div. of Env. Quality
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID 83706
phone: 208 334-0542
[UST contact]
Illinois Office of State Fire
Marshall
Div. of Pet. & Chem. Safety
1035 Stevenson Dr.
Springfield, IL 62703
phone: 217785-5878
[LUST contact]
Illinois EPA
Div. of Remediation Mgt.
LUST Section
Box 19276
Springfield, IL
62794-9276
phone: 217 782-6760
Indiana Dept. of Env. Mgt.
Office of Env. Response
Box 7015
Indianapolis, IN 46206
phone: 317233-6418
Iowa Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Section
Wallace State Office
Bldg.
900 East Grand
Des Moines, IA 50319
phone: 515281-8135
Kansas Dept. of Health &
Env.
Bureau of Env.
Remediation
Storage Tank Section
Forbes Field, Bldg. 740
Topeka, KS 66620
phone: 913296-1678
Kentucky Div. of Waste Mgt.
UST Branch
14 Reilly Road
Frankfort, KY 40601
phone: 502564-6716
Louisiana Dept. of Env.
Quality
UST Division
Box 82178
Baton Rouge, LA
7O810
phone: 504 765-0243
Maine Dept. of Env.
Protection
State House, Station 17
Hospital St., Ray Bldg.
Augusta, ME 04333
phone: 207 287-2651
Maryland Dept. of Env.
Waste Mgt. Adm.
Oil Control Program
2500 Broening Highway
Baltimore, MD 21224
phone: 410 631-3442
[UST contact]
Massachusetts Dept. of
Public Safety
UST Program
1010 Commonwealth
Ave.
Boston, MA 02215
phone: 617-351-6000
[LUST contact]
Massachusetts Dept. of Env.
Protection
Bureau of Waste Site
Cleanup
One Winter St.
Boston, MA 02108
phone: 617556-1044
Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Division
Box 30157
Lansing, Ml 48909
UST phone:
517 373-8168
MUSTFA (state fund):
517373-6247
Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency
Tanks and Spills Section
520 Lafayette Road
North
St. Paul, MN
55155-3898
phone: 612297-8609
Mississippi Dept. of Env.
Quality
Bureau of Pollution
Control, UST Section
Box 10385
Jackson, MS
39289-0385
phone: 601 961-5171
Missouri Dept. of Natural
Resources
Water Pollution Control
Program' (UST)
Environmental Services
Program' (LUST)
Box 176 i
Jefferson City, MO 65102-
0176
UST phone:
314751-7428
LUST phone:
314526-3384
Montana Dept. of Health &
Env. Sciences
Solid & Hazardous
Waste Bureau
UST Program
Cogswell Bldg.
Helena, MT 59620
phone: ' 406 444-5970
[UST contact]
Nebraska State Fire Marshal
Flammable Liquid Storage
246 South 14th St.
Lincoln, NE 68508
phone: 402471-9465
[LUST contact]
Nebraska Dept. of Env.
Control
LUST/ER Section
Box 98922
Lincoln, NE
68509-8922
phone: 402471-4230
Straight Talk On Tanks 28
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1995 O - 165-588 : QL 3
-------
" ' 1 1 1
State Contacts For UST Information
IF
^ffE1.,:5'"'.'1'"':;"1 '"":?'
rV . |
\i \
Nevada Dept. of Conserv.
&NaturaI Resources
Div. of Env. Protection
Capitol Complex
333 W. Nye Lane
Carson City, NV 89710
phone: 702687-5872
New Hampshire Dept. of
Env. Services
Oil Compliance Section
Groundwater Protection
Bureau
Box 95
Concord, NH 03301
phone: . 603 271-3644
New Jersey Dept. of Env.
Protection
Responsible Party Site
,, Remediation ,
401 E. State (CN-028)
Trenton, NJ
08625-0028
phone: 609984-3156
New Mexico Env. Dept.
UST Bureau
Box 26110
Santa Fe, NM
87502
phone: 505827-0188
New York Dept. of Env.
Conservation
Bulk Storage Section
50 Wolf Rd., Rm. 340
Albany, NY
12233-3750
phone: 518 457-4351
North Carolina Pollution ,
Control Branch
Diy. of Env. Mgt.
Oept. of Env. Health &
Natural Resources
441 N. Harrington St.
Raleigh, NC
27603-1323
phone: 919733-8486
North Dakota Div. of Waste
Mgt.
Dept. of Health and
Consolidated Lab.
Box 5520
Bismarck, ND
58502-5520
phone: 701 328-5166
, Ohio Dept. of Commerce
Bureau of UST Regulations
8895 East Main St.
Box 687
Reynoldsburg, OH 43068
phone: 614752-7938
Oklahoma Corporation
Commission
FueJ Storage Division
Box 5200Q-2000
Oklahoma City, OK 73152-
2000
UST phone:
405521-3107
LUST phone:
405 521-6575
[UST contact]
Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality
UST Cpmpliance Section
811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,
7th Floor
Portland, OR 97204
phone: 503 229-5774
[LUST contact]
Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality
UST Cleanup Program
811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,
9th Floor
Portland, OR 97204
phone: 503 229-6642
Pennsylvania Dept. of Env.
Resources
Storage Tank Program
Box 8762
Harrisburg, PA
17101-2301
phone: 717772-5599
Rhode Island Dept. of Env.
Mgt.
UST Section
291 Promenade St.
Providence, Rl 02908
phone: 401 277-2234
South Carolina Dept. of
Health and Env.Control
Groundwater Protection
Division
2600 Bull St.
Columbia, SC 29201
UST phone:
803 734-5335
. LUST phone:
-803734-5331
South Dakota Dept. of Env.
& Nat. Resources
UST Program
523 East Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501
phone: 605 773-3296
Tennessee Dept. of Env. &
Conservation
Div. of USTs
4th Floor, L&C Tower
401 Church St.
Nashville, TN
37243-1541
phone: 615532-0945
Texas Natural Resources
Conservation Comm.
Petroleum Storage
Tank Div.
Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711-3087
phone: 512239-2000
Utah Dept. of Env. Quality
Div. of Env. Response
and Remediation
UST Branch
168 North 1950 West,
1st Floor
Salt Lake City, UT 84116
phone: 8O1 536-4100
Vermont Dept. of Natural I
Resources J!
UST Program J!
103 South Main St., J
West Bldg. j
Waterbury, VT 05676 1
phone: 802 244-870]
[UST contact] 1
Virginia Dept. Env. Quality 11
Response Program
4951 Cox Road
Glen Allen, VA 23060
phone: 804527-518
[LUST contact]
Virginia Dept. Env. Quality
Groundwater Mgt.
Program
4951 Cox Road
Glen Allen, VA 23060
phone: 804527-518;
Washington Dept. of
Ecology
Box 47655
Olympia, WA
98504-7655
UST phone:
206 407-7211
LUST phone:
206407-7218
West Virginia Div. of Env.
Protection
Office of Waste Mgt.
UST Section
1356 Hansford St.
Charleston, WV 25301
phone: 304 558-637J
[UST contact]
Wisconsin Dept. of Industry^
Labor & Human Relations
Division of Safety and
Buildings
Box 79 69
Madison, Wl 53707
phone: 6O8 267-760|
[LUST contact]
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural
Resources
Bureau of Solid and
Hazardous Waste Mgt.
Box 7921
Madison, W|
53707-7921
phone: 608 267-756*3
Wyoming Dept. of Env.
Quality
Water Quality Div.
Herschler Bldg.,
4th Floor
122 West 25th St.
Cheyenne, WY 82002
phone: 307 777-709|
I if*
* I" , X ' '!
V, ' .
U.S. TERRITORIES
' American Samoa Env.
JfcJ'rQtection.Agency
|i pffice of the Governor
-r American Samoa
:c Government
tll/^TTN: UST Program
- Ill
4 Commonwealth of Northern
Mariana Islands Div. of Env.
tซ Quality
|| Box 1 304
i Dr. Torres Hospital
ilSaipan, MP 96950
,L phone: 607 234-6984
!
Guam Env. Protection
Agency
"
\ 4
mf *'!
Pago Pago, American Samoa
96799
phone:
684 633-2304
......... .............
lii.i.Harmpn.plaza, ...... -
* Complex Unit D-107
RlSb Ro'jas St.
jป 'Harmon', Guam 96911
1 if phone: ........ 671 646-8863'
* ; - " ฐ -" ' '' : '''
Box 1 1 488
jp Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico
Santurce, Puerto Rico
00910
phone: 809767-8109
irgin Islands Div. of Env.
' Protection
J!f',pept._of Planning and
' ' '
" Virgi
,,, , . .
Nisky Center 231
;45A Estate Nisky
Charlotte Amalie
J St. Thomas, Virgin
, Islands 00802
phone: 809774-3320
ll-
Jl
f ' i
11 h'
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
5403W
Washington, DC 20460
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
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