United States
                  Environmental Protection
                  Agency
                  Solid Waste And
                  Emergency Response
                  5403W
ฎEPA        Straight Talk On
 r EPA5iQ-k-95-003
fe July 1995
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                                        Contents
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  Do You Have Questions About Leak Detection?	• •  '
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  An Overview Of Leak Detection Requirements	2

ซ  Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring  	6

  Automatic Tank Gauging Systems . .	8
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  Vapor Monitoring  .	

  Groundwater Monitoring	
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          Statistical Inventory  Reconciliation
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          Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control  . . ................ 16

        1  Manual Tank Gauging ........ . ........................... 20
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          Leak Detection For Underground Piping ........................ 22

          Publications And  Videos About USTs  ....... ....... ........... 26

          State Contacts For UST Information  ... ....................... 28
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 Do You  Have Questions About Leak Detection?
 As an owner or operator of underground storage tanks (USTs) storing
 petroleum:

 •  Do you understand the basic leak detection requirements for USTs?

 •  Are you confused about choosing the most appropriate leak detection
    method for your UST?

 These are important questions, because your UST and its underground
 piping must have leak detection NOW.

 This booklet begins with an overview of the regulatory requirements for
 leak detection. Each following section focuses on one leak detection
 method or the special requirements for piping.

 In this booklet, you will find answers to many basic questions about how
 leak detection methods work and which methods are most appropriate for
 your UST site.

 Why is leak detection so important?

 As of April 1995, over 287,000 confirmed UST leaks had been reported.
 At sites without  leak detection, leaks were discovered late, after
 contamination had spread, requiring difficult and  costly cleanups.

 By contrast, if you have effective leak detection,  you  can respond quickly
 to signs of  leaks.  You can minimize the extent of environmental damage
 and the threat to human health and safety.  Early action on your part also
 protects you from the high costs that can result from  cleaning up
 extensive leaks and responding to third-party liability claims.

 If you need an overview of all the federal requirements for USTs, please
 refer to Musts For USTs, a booklet developed by the U.S. Environmental
 Protection Agency (EPA). You can order a free copy of this booklet by
calling EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Musts For
USTs.
 // your USTs do not
 meet the leak
 detection
 requirements
 described in this
 booklet, you can be
 cited for violations
 and fined.
AEPA Musts For USTs

    A Summary Of Federal
    Regulations for Underground
    Storage Tank Systems
                         Straight Talk On Tanks   1

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State or local
regulations may differ
from the federal
requirements, so find
out which
requirements apply to
your UST. See the list
of state UST contacts
starting on page 28.
An Overview Of Leak Detection Requirements

All new USTs (those installed after December 1988) must have leak
detection when they are installed.

USTs installed before December 1988 (called "existing USTs") had
compliance deadlines for leak detection phased in over 5 years.
By December 1993, all "existing USTs" had to have leak detection.

EPA has identified the following methods that owners and operators may
use to meet the federal leak detection requirements:       ;

• Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring

• Automatic Tank Gauging Systems

• Vapor Monitoring

• Groundwater Monitoring                            !

 ป Statistical  Inventory Reconciliation

 • Other Methods Approved By The Regulatory Authority

 The leak detection methods noted above are all monthly monitoring
 methods and eventually everyone must use at least one of them.
 However, as a temporary method (until 1998 or for 10 years after
 installing or upgrading an UST), you can combine tank tightness testing
 with inventory control (or with manual tank gauging if you have a small
 tank), as explained on page 4.

 Brief descriptions of leak detection methods appear on the next two
 pages.  More complete descriptions appear in the following sections.

  Leak detection requirements for piping differ somewhat from those for
 tanks. Leak detection methods for piping include secondary containment
  with interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring,
  statistical inventory reconciliation, and tightness testing.  Pressurized
  piping must also have an automatic line leak detector.  See pages 22-25
  for descriptions of the requirements for suction and pressurized piping.
                                   Straight Talk On Tanks   2

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"  Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring (see pages 6-7)

  Secondary containment consists of using a barrier, an outer wall, a
  vault, or a liner around the UST or piping. Leaked product from the
  inner tank or piping is directed towards an "interstitial" monitor
  located between the inner tank or piping and the outer barrier.
  Interstitial monitoring methods range from a simple dipstick to a
  continuous, automated vapor or liquid sensor permanently installed in
  the system.

i  Automatic Tank Gauging Systems (see pages 8-9)

  A probe permanently  installed in the tank is wired to a monitor to
  provide information on product level and temperature. These systems
  automatically calculate the changes in product volume that can
  indicate  a leaking tank.

  Vapor Monitoring (see pages 10-11)

  Vapor monitoring measures product "fumes" in the soil around the
  UST to check for a leak. This method requires installation of carefully
  placed monitoring wells. Vapor monitoring can be performed manually
  on a periodic basis or  continuously using permanently installed
  equipment.

  Groundwater Monitoring (see pages 12-13)

  Groundwater monitoring senses the  presence of liquid product floating
  on the groundwater.  This method requires installation of monitoring
  wells at strategic locations in the ground near the tank and along  the
  piping runs. To discover if leaked product has reached groundwater,
  these wells can be checked periodically by hand or continuously with
  permanently installed equipment.  This method cannot be used at sites
  where groundwater is more than 20 feet below the surface,

  Statistical Inventory Reconciliation  (see  pages 14-15)

  In this method,  a trained professional uses sophisticated computer
 software to conduct a statistical  analysis of inventory,  delivery, and  '
 dispensing data, which you must supply  regularly.

 Other Methods Approved By The Regulatory Authority

 Regulatory authorities  can approve any technology that meets a
 performance standard of detecting a leak of 0.2 gallons per hour with
 a probability of detection of at least 95 percent and a probability of
 false alarm of no more than 5 percent.
c
Automatic Tank Gauge.
  n      n
                       Straight Talk On Tanks   3

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Make sure the vendor
of the leak detection
method you use has
provided you with
evidence that your
leak detection meets
regulatory
requirements for
performance
standards.
•  Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control (see pages 16-19)

   This method combines periodic tank tightness testing with monthly
   inventory control. Tightness tests are sophisticated tests performed
   by trained professionals. You  must also use monthly inventory
   control. Inventory control involves taking daily measurements of tank
   contents and recording deliveries and amount pumped.  Note:  this
   combined  method can be used only during the first 10 years following
   new tank installation or upgrade of your existing UST. After that, you
   must use monthly monitoring methods. (This combined  method can
   also be used temporarily, until December 1998, with tanks that have
   not been upgraded with  spill, overfill, and corrosion protection.)

•  Manual Tank Gauging (see pages 20-21)               ,

   Manual tank gauging can be used only for tanks of 2,000 gallons or
   less capacity.  This method requires keeping the tank undisturbed for
   at least 36 hours each week, during which the contents, of the tank
   are measured twice at the beginning and twice at the end of the test
   period. At the end of the month, you average the weekly tests and
   compare the results to the standards shown on page 21 to see if your
   tank may be leaking.  This method can be used by itself only for tanks
   up to 1,000 gallons. Tanks between  1,001 and 2,000  gallons can use
   this method only in combination with periodic tank tightness testing.
   This combined method,  however, can be used only during the first
    10 years after tank installation or upgrade. (The combined method
   can also be used temporarily, until December 1998, with tanks that
   have not been upgraded with spill, overfill, and corrosion protection.)

 Look For The "Proof" Of A Third-Party Evaluation

 An evaluation performed by a third party (someone who is, independent of
 the manufacturer or vendor of the  leak detection system) shows that a
 leak detection system can work as designed.  The evaluation follows
 required evaluation procedures, and often takes place in a laboratory.
 EPA and third parties have developed evaluation procedures for all  leak
 detection systems.                                    \

 Although an evaluation and its resulting documentation are technical, you
 should be familiar with the evaluation's "results" form and, when
 provided, its "description"  form. You should  obtain  these :forms from the
 leak detection vendor and keep them on file.  They contain a signed
 certification that the system  performed as described, as well as
 documenting any limitations  of the system.  This information is important
 to your compliance with the  UST requirements. For example, if a tank
 tightness test was evaluated and certified only for tests taking 2 hours or
 more, then your UST must be tested for at least 2 hours or it would fail
 to meet the leak detection requirements. EPA also advises that a leak
 detection system should not be  used on UST systems more than
 1.5 times the capacity of the UST used in the evaluation.
                                   Straight Talk On Tanks   4

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 Required "Probabilities" For Some Leak Detect/on

 The regulations require not only that leak detection methods be able to
 detect certain leak rates, but that they also give the correct answer
 consistently.  In general, methods must detect the specified leak rate
 with a probability of detection of at least 95  percent and a probability of
 false alarm of no more than 5 percent.  Simply stated, this means that, of
 100 tests of USTs leaking  at the specified rate, at least 95 of them must
 be correctly detected. It also means that, of 100 tests of non-leaking
 USTs, no more than 5 can be incorrectly called leaking. This is what is
 meant by the "probabilities" noted in this booklet.
 Which leak detection method is best for you?

 There is no one leak detection system that is best for all sites, nor is
 there a particular type of leak detection that is consistently the least
 expensive.

 Each leak detection method has unique  characteristics.  For example,
 vapor detection devices work rapidly and most effectively in porous soils,
 while liquid detectors are only appropriate for areas with a high water
 table.

 Identifying the best leak detection choice for your UST depends on a
 number of factors including cost (both initial installation cost and long-
 term operation and maintenance cost), facility configuration (such as
 complexity of piping runs and manifolded tanks), groundwater depth, soil
 type, seasonal rainfall and temperature ranges, availability of experienced
 installers, and other variables.

 You should look around extensively for experienced, professional vendors
 and installers of leak detection. Ask questions that  help you find the most
 reliable, cost-effective leak detection for your type of facility. Some
 possible information sources are:  references from fellow UST owners, oil!
 marketers, equipment suppliers, trade journals, trade associations, state
 and local trade associations (especially those for petroleum marketers and
 UST owners), and state and local  regulatory authorities. (See the list of
state UST contacts starting on page 28.) Your state may also have an
assistance fund that may be able to help you pay for your UST's leak
detection.

For additional information about federal UST requirements, contact EPA's
RCRA/Superfund Hotline at 800 424-9346.
Some states
maintain lists of
those leak detection
systems that have
been evaluated by
third parties. Check
with your state to
see which systems
are allowed in your
state.  See list of
state contacts
starting on page 28.
                          Straight Talk On Tanks   5

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Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring

Will you be in compliance?                           \

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's
specifications, secondary containment with interstitial monitoring meets
the federal leak detection requirements for new and existing USTs.
Operation of the monitoring device at least once each month fulfills the
requirements for the life of the tank.  Secondary containment with
interstitial monitoring can also be used to detect leaks from piping (see
the section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22).

How does the leak detection method work?

Secondary containment

•   Secondary containment provides a barrier between the tank and the
    environment.  The barrier holds the leak between  the tank and the
    barrier so that the leak is detected. The barrier is shaped so that a
    leak will be directed towards the interstitial monitor.

•   Barriers include:

    •- Double-walled or "jacketed" tanks, in which an outer; wall partially
      or completely surrounds the primary tank;          :

    >• Concrete vaults, with or without lining;

    *• Internally fitted liners ("bladders");  and

    > Leakproof excavation liners that partially or completely surround the
      tank.

 •  Clay and  other earthen materials cannot be used as barriers.

 Interstitial monitors                                    \

 •  Monitors are used to check the area between the tank and the barrier
    for leaks and alert the operator if a leak is suspected.

 ป  Some monitors indicate the physical  presence of  the leaked product,
    either liquid or gaseous.  Other monitors check for a change in
    condition that indicates a hole in the tank, such as a loss of vacuum
    or a change in the level of a monitoring liquid between the walls of a
    double-walled tank.

 •  Monitors can be as simple as a dipstick used  at the lowest point of the
    containment to see if liquid product has leaked and pooled there.
    Monitors can also be sophisticated automated systems that
    continuously check for leaks.
          Straight Talk On Tanks  6

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 What are the regulatory requirements?

 •  The barrier must be immediately around or beneath the tank.

 •  The interstitial monitor must be checked at least once every 30 days.

 •  A double-walled system must be able to  detect a release through the
   inner wall.

 •  An excavation liner must:

   *•  Direct a leak towards the monitor;

   ••  Not allow the specific product being stored to pass through it any faster
      than 10'8 cm/sec;

   >•  Be compatible with the product stored in the tank;

   >•  Not interfere with the UST's cathodic protection;

   >  Not be disabled by moisture;

   >•  Always be above the groundwater and the 25-year flood plain; and

   ป  Have clearly marked and secured monitoring wells, if they are used.

 Will it work at your site?

 •  In areas with high groundwater or a lot of rainfall, it may be necessary
   to select a secondary containment system that completely surrounds
   the tank to prevent moisture from interfering  with the monitor.

Anything else you should consider?

 •  This method works effectively only if the barrier and the interstitial
   monitor are installed correctly. Therefore, trained and experienced
   installers are necessary.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of secondary
containment that
differ from those
described here.
                          Straight Talk On Tanks  7

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Wปtซr Level ,/jK
Automatic Tank Gauging Systems

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's
specifications, automatic tank gauging systems (ATGS) meet the federal
leak detection requirements for new and existing USTs.  A test performed
each month fulfills the requirements for the life of the tank.  (For
additional requirements for piping, see the section on leak detection for
piping starting on page 22.)

How does the leak detection method work?

•  The product level and temperature in a tank are measured
   continuously and automatically analyzed and recorded by: a computer.

•  In the "inventory mode," the ATGS replaces the use of the gauge stick
   to measure product level and perform inventory control.  This mode
   records the activities of an in-service tank, including deliveries.

•  In the "test mode," the tank is taken out of service and the product
   level and temperature are measured for at least one hourJ Some
   systems, known as "continuous ATGS," do not require the tank to  be
   taken out of service to perform a test. This is because these systems
   can gather and analyze data during many short periods when no
   product is being added to or taken from the tank.        j

What are  the regulatory requirements?

•  The ATGS must be able to detect a leak no larger than 012 gallons  per
   hour with certain probabilities of  detection and of false alarm. Some
   ATGS can also detect a leak of 0.1 gallons per hour with the required
   probabilities.                                        i

Will it work at your site?

a  ATGS have been used primarily on tanks containing gasoline or diesel,
    with a capacity of up to 15,000 gallons. If considering using an
   ATGS for larger tanks or products other than gasoline or diesel,
    discuss its applicability with the manufacturer's representative.

•   Water around a tank may hide a leak by temporarily preventing the
    product from leaving the tank. To detect a leak in this situation, the
    ATGS should be capable of detecting water in the bottorn of a  tank.
                            Straight Talk On Tanks  8

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Anything else you should consider?

•  The ATGS probe is permanently installed through an opening (not the
   fill pipe) on the top of the tank. Each tank at a site must be equipped
   with a separate  probe.

•  The ATGS probe is connected to a monitor that displays ongoing
   product level information and the results of the monthly test. Printers
   can be  connected to the monitor to record this information.

•  ATGS are often  equipped with  alarms for high and low product level,
   high water level, and theft.

•  ATGS can be linked with computers at other locations, from which the
   system can be programmed or read.

•  For ATGS that are not of the "continuous" type, no product should be
   delivered to the tank or withdrawn from it for at least 6 hours before
   the monthly test or during the test (which generally takes 1 to 6
   hours).

•  An ATGS can be programmed to perform a test more often than once
   per month (a recommended practice).
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of ATGS that
differ from those
described here.
                        Straight Talk On Tanks  9

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Vapor Monitoring

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturers instructions,
vapor monitoring meets the federal leak detection requirements for new
and existing USTs. Operation of a vapor monitoring system at least once
each month fulfills the requirements for the life of the tank. Vapor
monitoring can also be installed to detect leaks from piping (see the
section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22).   ;

How does the leak detection method work?

• Vapor monitoring  senses or measures "fumes" from leakpd product in
   the soil around the tank to determine if the tank is leaking.

ป Fully automated vapor monitoring systems have permanently installed
   equipment to continuously or periodically gather and analyze vapor
   samples and respond to a release with a visual or audible alarm.

" Manually operated vapor monitoring systems range from equipment
   that immediately analyzes a gathered vapor sample to devices that
   gather a sample that must be sent to a laboratory for analysis.
   Monitoring results from manual systems are generally less accurate
   than those from automated systems.  Manual systems must be used
   at least once a month to monitor a site.

 • All vapor monitoring devices should be periodically calibrated
   according to the manufacturer's instructions to ensure that they are
   properly responding.

 •  Before installation, a site assessment is necessary to determine the
    soil type, groundwater depth and flow direction, and the general
    geology of the site.  This can only be done by a trained professional.

 •  The number of wells and their placement is  very important.  Only an
    experienced contractor can properly design  and construct an effective
    monitoring well system. Vapor monitoring requires the installation of
    monitoring wells within the tank backfill. A minimum of two wells is
    recommended for a single tank excavation.  Three or more  wells are
    recommended for an excavation with two or more tanks.   Some state
    and local agencies have developed regulations for monitoring well
    placement.                                        i
         Straight Talk On Tanks   10

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 What are the regulatory requirements?

 •  The UST backfill must be sand, gravel or another material that will
   allow the vapors to easily move to the monitor.

 •  The backfill should be clean enough that previous contamination does
   not interfere with the detection of a current leak.

 •  The substance stored in the UST must vaporize easily so that the
   vapor monitor can detect a release.

 "  High ground water, excessive rain, or other sources of moisture must
   not interfere with the operation of vapor monitoring for more than 30
   consecutive days.

•  Monitoring wells must be secured and clearly marked.

Will it work at your site?

•  Before installing a vapor monitoring system, a site assessment must
   be done to determine whether vapor monitoring is appropriate at the
   site.  A site assessment usually includes at least a determination  of
   the groundwater level, background contamination, stored product
   type, and soil type. This assessment can only be done by a trained
   professional.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of vapor
monitoring that
differ from those
described here.
                        Straight Talk On Tanks   1 1

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                       Groundwater Monitoring
NOTE:
Groundwater
monitoring cannot
be used at sites
where groundwater
is more than 20 feet
below the surface.
Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions,
a groundwater monitoring system meets the federal leak detection
requirements for new and existing USTs.  Operation of a groundwater
monitoring system at least once each month fulfills the requirements for
the life of a tank.  Groundwater monitoring can also be used to detect
leaks in piping (see the section on leak detection for piping starting on
page 22).                                             |

How does the leak detection method work?

• Groundwater monitoring involves the use of permanent monitoring
   wells placed close to the UST. The wells are checked at least monthly
   for the presence of product that  has leaked from the UST and is
   floating on the groundwater surface.                   j

• The two main components of a groundwater monitoring system are
   the monitoring well (typically a well of 2-4 inches in diameter) and the
   monitoring device.

a Detection devices may be permanently installed in the well for
   automatic, continuous measurements for leaked product.

• Detection devices are also available in manual form.  Manual devices
   range from a bailer (used to collect a liquid sample for visual
   inspection) to a device that can be inserted into the well to
   electronically indicate the presence of leaked product.  Manual devices
    must be operated at least once a month.

 •  Before installation, a site assessment is necessary to determine the
    soil type, groundwater depth and flow direction, and the general
    geology of the site. This assessment can only be done  by a trained
    professional.

 •  The number of wells and their placement is very important.  Only an
    experienced contractor can properly  design and construct an effective
    monitoring well system. A minimum of two wells is recommended for
    a single tank excavation. Three or more wells are recommended for
    an excavation with two or more tanks.  Some state and local
    agencies have developed regulations for monitoring well placement.  ,
                                Straight Talk On Tanks   12

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What are the regulatory requirements?

•  Groundwater monitoring  can only be used if the stored substance does
   not easily mix with water and floats on top of water.

•  If groundwater monitoring is to be the sole method of leak detection,
   the groundwater must not be more than 20 feet below the surface,
   and the soil between the well and the UST must be sand, gravel or
   other coarse materials.

•  Monitoring wells must be properly designed and sealed to keep then
   from becoming contaminated from outside sources.  The wells must
   also be clearly marked and secured.

•  Wells should be placed in the UST backfill so that they can detect a
   leak as quickly as possible.

ป  Product detection devices must be able to detect one-eighth inch or
   less of leaked product on top of the groundwater.

Will it work at your site?

•  In general, groundwater monitoring works best at UST sites where:

   *• Monitoring wells are installed in the tank backfill; and

   *• There are no previous  releases of product that would falsely
     indicate a current release.

•  A professionally conducted site assessment is critical for determining
   these site-specific conditions.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of groundwater
monitoring that
differ from those
described here.
                         Straight Talk On Tanks   13

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You can order a
booklet,
Introduction To
Statistical
Reconciliation, that
describes the use of
this method.  To
order this free
booklet, callEPA's
toll-free Hotline at
800424-9346
Statistical Inventory Reconciliation
                                                       ,             \
Will you be in compliance?                            \

Statistical inventory reconciliation (SIR), when performed according to the
vendor's specifications, meets federal leak detection requirements for new
and existing USTs as follows. SIR with a 0.2 gallon per hour leak
detection capability meets the federal requirements for monthly monitoring
for the life of the tank and piping. SIR with a 0.1 gallon per hour leak
detection capability meets the federal requirements as an equivalent to
tank tightness testing.  SIR can, if it has the capability of detecting even
smaller leaks, meet the federal requirements for line tightness testing as
well.  (For additional requirements for piping, see the section on leak
detection for piping starting on page 22.)

How does the leak detection method work?

•  SIR analyzes inventory, delivery, and dispensing data collected over a
   period of time to determine whether or not a  tank system is leaking.

•  Each operating day, the product level is measured using a gauge  stick
   or other tank level monitor.  You also keep  complete records of all
   withdrawals from the UST and all deliveries to the UST. After data
   have been collected for the period of time required by trip SIR vendor,
   you provide the data to the SIR vendor.                !
                                                       !

•  The SIR vendor uses sophisticated computer software to conduct a
   statistical analysis of the data to determine whether or not your UST
   may be leaking. The SIR vendor provides you with a test report of the
   analysis.

What are the regulatory requirements?

•  To be allowable as monthly monitoring, a SIR method must be able to
   detect a leak at least as small as 0.2 gallons per hour and meet the
   federal regulatory requirements regarding probabilities of\ detection  and
   of false alarm. Data must be submitted at least monthly•

•  To be allowable as an equivalent to tank tightness testing, a SIR
   method must be able to detect a leak at least as small 0.1 gallons per
   hour and meet the federal regulatory requirements regarding
   probabilities of detection and of false alarm.            '

•  The individual SIR method must have been  evaluated with a test
   procedure to  certify that it can detect leaks at the required level and
   with the  appropriate probabilities of detection and of false alarm.
                                  Straight Talk On Tanks   14

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 •  If the test report is not conclusive, you must take the steps necessary
    to find out conclusively whether your tank is leaking. Because SIR
    requires multiple days of data, you will probably have to use another
    method.

 •  You must keep on file both the test reports and the documentation that
    the SIR method used is certified as valid for your UST system.

 Will it work at your site?


 •  Generally, few product or site restrictions apply to the use of SIR.

 •  SIR has been used primarily on tanks no more than 18,000 gallons in
    capacity. If you are considering using a SIR method for larger tanks,
    discuss its applicability with the vendor.

 ป  Water around a tank may hide a hole in the tank or distort the data to
    be analyzed by temporarily preventing a leak. To detect a leak in this
    situation, you must check for water at  least once a month.

Anything else you should consider?

 •  Data, including product level measurements, dispensing data, and
    delivery data, should all be carefully collected according to the SIR
    vendor's specifications. Poor data collection produces inconclusive
    results and noncompliance.

•  The SIR vendor will  generally provide forms for recording data, a
   calibrated chart converting liquid level to volume, and detailed
   instructions on conducting measurements.

"  SIR should not be confused with other release detection methods that
   also rely on periodic reconciliation of inventory,  withdrawal, and
   delivery data.  Unlike manual tank gauging or inventory control, SIR
   uses a sophisticated statistical  analysis  of data to detect releases.  This
   analysis can only be done by competent, trained practitioners.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of statistical
inventory
reconciliation that
differ from those
described here.
                        Straight Talk On Tanks   15

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Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control

Will you be in compliance?

When performed according to the manufacturer's specifications, periodic
tank tightness testing combined with monthly inventory control can
temporarily (as described below) meet the federal leak detection
requirements for new and existing USTs.

These two leak detection methods must be used together, because
neither method alone meets the federal requirements for leak detection
for tanks. Tightness testing is aiso an option for underground piping, as
described in the section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22.

Because they must be used together, both tank tightness testing and
inventory control are discussed in this section. Tank tightness; testing is
discussed first, followed by inventory control.               \
 Tank Tightness Testing

 How does the leak detection method work?

 Tightness tests include a wide variety of methods. Other terms used for
 these methods include "precision," "volumetric," and "nonvolumetnc"
 testing.

 •  Many tightness test methods are "volumetric" methods in which the
    change in product level in a tank over several hours is measured very
    precisely (in milliliters or thousandths of an inch).

 •  Other methods use acoustics or tracer chemicals to determine the
    presence of a hole in the tank.  With such methods, all of the factors
    in the following bullets may not apply.

 •  For most methods, changes in product temperature also must be
    measured very precisely (thousandths of a degree) at the same time as
    level measurements, because temperature changes cause volume
    changes that interfere with finding a [leak.

 •  For most methods, a net decrease in product volume (subtracting out
    volume .changes caused by temperature) over the time of the test
    indicates a leak.

  ป The testing equipment is temporarily installed in the tank, usually
    through the fill pipe.
          Straight Talk On Tanks   16

-------
  •  The tank must be taken out of service for the test, generally for
    several hours, depending on the method.

  •  Many test methods require that the product in the tank be a certain
    level before testing, which often requires adding product from another
    tank on-site or purchasing additional product.

  •  Some tightness test methods require all of the measurements and
    calculations to be made by hand by the tester.  Other tightness test
    methods are highly automated. After the tester sets up the
    equipment, a  computer controls the measurements and analysis.

 •  A few methods measure properties of the product that are
    independent of temperature, such as the mass of the product, and so
    do not need to measure product temperature.

 •  Some automatic tank gauging systems are capable of meeting the
    regulatory requirements for tank tightness  testing and can be
    considered as an equivalent method.

 What are the regulatory requirements?

 •  The tightness  test method must be able to detect a leak at least as
    small as 0.1 gallon per hour with certain probabilities of detection and
    of false alarm.

 •  Tightness tests must be performed periodically.  New tanks must be
    tightness tested every 5 years for 10 years following installation.
    Upgraded existing tanks must be tightness  tested every 5 years for TO
    years following upgrade.  ("Upgraded" tanks have spill, overfill, and
    corrosion protection.)   Existing tanks that have not been  upgraded
    must be tightness tested every year until 1998  (subsequently these
   tanks must be upgraded, replaced, or closed).

• After the applicable time period noted above, you must have a
   monitoring method that can be performed at least once per month.
   See the other sections of this booklet for allowable monthly
   monitoring options.

Will it work at your site?

•  Tank tightness testing has been used primarily on tanks no more than
   15,000 gallons in capacity containing gasoline and diesel.   If you are
   considering using tightness testing for larger tanks or products other
  than gasoline or diesel, discuss the method's applicability with the
  manufacturer's representative.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of these
methods that differ
from those
described here.
                        Straight Talk On Tanks   17

-------
                   Anything else you should consider?

                   m  For most methods, the test is performed by a testing company.  You
                      just observe the test.

                   •  Manifolded tanks generally should be disconnected and tested
                      separately.                                          '

                   •  Depending on the method, up to 4 tanks can be tested at one time.
                      Generally, an automated system is necessary to test 3 or ;4 tanks at a
                      time.

                   •  Procedure and personnel, not equipment, are usually the most
                      important factors in a successful tightness test. Therefore, well-
                      trained and experienced testers are very important. Some states and
                      local authorities have tester certification programs.
Doing inw-ntoiy Control Kfrt
for Uxfeigrcund Storage Tanks
Inventory Control

How does the leak detection method work?

Inventory control requires daily measurements of tank contents and math
calculations that let you compare your "stick" inventory (what you ve
measured) to your "book" inventory (what your recordkeeping indicates
you should have).  Some people call this process "inventory     ^
reconciliation." If the difference between your "stick" and  book
inventory is too large, your tank may be leaking.

EPA has a booklet. Doing Inventory Control Right, that fully explains how
to do inventory control. The booklet also contains standard reporting
forms.  You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's toll-free Hotline
at 800 424-9346 and asking for Doing Inventory Control Right.

• UST inventories are determined daily by using a gauge stick and the
   data is recorded on a form.  The level  on the gauge stick is converted
   to a volume of product in the tank using a calibration  chart, which is
   often furnished by the UST manufacturer.

 • The amounts of product delivered to and  withdrawn from the UST
   each day are also recorded.  At least once each month, the gauge
   stick data and  the sales and delivery data are reconciled; and the
    month's overage or shortage is determined.  If  the overage or shortage
    is greater than or equal to 1.0 percent of the tank's flow-through
    volume plus 130 gallons of product, the UST may be leaking.
                             Straight Talk On Tanks   1

-------
 What are the regulatory requirements?

 •  Inventory control must be used in conjunction with periodic tank
    tightness tests.

 •  The gauge stick should be long enough to reach the bottom of the
    tank and marked so that the product level can be determined to the
    nearest one-eighth of an inch.

 •  A monthly measurement must be taken to identify any water at the
    bottom of the tank.

 •  Deliveries must be made through  a drop tube that extends to within
    one  foot of the tank bottom.

 •  Product dispensers must be  calibrated to the local weights and
    measures standards.

 Will it work at your site?

 If your tank is not level, inventory control may need to be modified.  You
 will need to get a corrected tank chart.

Anything else you should consider?

 "  Inventory control is a practical, commonly used management tool that
   does not require closing down the tank operation for long periods.

•  You can perform inventory control yourself.

•  The accuracy of tank gauging can be greatly increased by spreading
   product-finding paste on the gauge stick before taking measurements
   (or by using in-tank product level monitoring devices).
                        Straight Talk On Tanks   19

-------
ซEPA   Momwl Tank Gauging
     For Snut Unttngrauixl
        I Tanks
Manual Tank Gauging
Will you be in compliance?

NOTE: Manual tank gauging can only be used for smaller tanks.  Tanks
1 000 gallons or less can use this method alone, but tanks from 1,OO1-
2000 gallons can only use manual tank gauging when it is combined
with tank tightness testing.  Manual tank gauging cannot be used for
tanks over 2,000 gallons. When performed according to recommended
practices, manual tank gauging meets the federal leak detection
requirements for USTs with a capacity of 1,000 gallons or less for the life
of the tank.  (For additional  requirements for piping, see the section on
teak detection for piping starting on page 22.)

How does the leak detection method work?

EPA has a booklet, Manual Tank Gauging, that fully explains how to do
manual tank gauging correctly. The booklet also contains standard
reporting forms. You  can order this free booklet by calling EPA s toll-free
Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Manual Tank Gauging.

 •  Four measurements of the tank's contents must be taken weekly, two
    at the beginning and two at the end of at least a 36-hour period
    during which nothing is added to or removed from the tank. See the
    table on the next  page.

 • The'average of the two consecutive ending measurements are
    subtracted from the average of the two  beginning measurements to
    indicate the change in product volume.

 • Every week, the calculated change in tank volume is compared to the
    standards shown  in the table on the next page.  If the calculated
    change exceeds the weekly standard, the UST may be leaking.  Also,
    monthly averages of the four weekly test results must be compared
    to the monthly  standard in the same way. See the table on the next
    page.
  What are the regulatory requirements?
                                                      I
                                                      I
  • Liquid level measurements must be taken with a gauge stick that is
    marked to measure the liquid to the nearest one-eighth of an inch.

  • Manual tank gauging may be used as the sole method of leak
    detection for tanks with a capacity of 1,000 gallons or less for the life
    of the tank. Tanks between 551  and  1,000 gallons have two testing
    standards based on their diameter (see table). These tanks may use a
    combination of manual tank gauging and periodic tank tightness for
    the life of the tank (see table for testing standards).
          Straight Talk: On Tanks  2O

-------
            Table of Test Standards for Manual Tank Gauging
Tank Size
up to 550 gallons
55 1-1 ,000 gallons (when
tank diameter is 64")
551-1,000 gallons (when
tank diameter is 48")
55 1-1 ,000 gallons
(also requires periodic
tank tightness testing)
1,001 -2,000 gallons
(also requires periodic
tank tightness testing)
Minimum
Duration Of Test
36 hours
44 hours
58 hours
36 hours
36 hours
Weekly Standard
(1 test)
1 0 gallons
9 gallons
1 2 gallons
1 3 gallons
26 gallons
Monthly Standard
(4-test average)
5 gallons
4 gallons
6 gallons
7 gallons
1 3 gallons
 •  For tanks with a capacity of 1,001-2,000 gallons, manual tank
    gauging must be combined with periodic tightness testing. New tanks
    must be tightness tested every 5 years for 10 years following
    installation. Upgraded existing tanks must be tightness tested every
    5 years for 10 years following upgrade.  ("Upgraded" tanks have spill,
    overfill, and corrosion protection.)  Existing tanks that have not been
    upgraded  must be tightness tested every year until 1998.  See the
    earlier section on tank tightness testing for details on this method.

 •  Unless the tank is 1,000 gallons or less, this combined method will
    meet the federal requirements only temporarily (as explained above).
    You must eventually have another monitoring  method that can be
    performed at least once a month.  See the other sections of this
    booklet for allowable monthly monitoring options.

 •  Tanks greater than 2,000 gallons in capacity may not use this method
    of leak detection to  meet these regulatory requirements.

 Will it work at your site?

 "  Manual tank gauging is inexpensive and can be an effective leak
    detection method when used as described above with tanks of the
    appropriate size.

Anything else you should consider?

 • You can perform manual tank gauging yourself. Correct gauging,
   recording, and interpretation are the most important factors for
   successful tank gauging. The accuracy of tank gauging can be greatly
   increased by spreading product-finding paste on the gauge stick before
   taking measurements.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of manual tank
gauging that differ
from those
described here.
                         Straight Talk On Tanks   21

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Leak Detection For Underground Piping         :

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's
specifications, the leak detection methods discussed here meet the
federal regulatory requirements for the life of new and existing
underground piping systems.  Your  UST may have suction or pressurized
piping, which are discussed below.                       !

What are the regulatory requirements for suction piping?

•  No leak detection is required if the suction piping has (1)  enough slope
   so that the product in the pipe can drain back into the tank when
   suction  is released and (2) has only one check valve, which is as close
   as possible beneath the pump in the dispensing unit. If a suction line
   is to be considered exempt based on these design elements, there
   must be some way to check that the line was actually installed
   according to these plans.

•  If a suction line does not meet all of the design criteria noted above,
   one of the following leak detection methods must be used:

    •• A line tightness test at least every 3 years; or

    ป- Monthly interstitial monitoring; or

    ป• Monthly vapor monitoring; or

    >• Monthly groundwater monitoring; or               ,

    > Monthly statistical inventory reconciliation.         :

 The line tightness test must be able to detect a  leak at least as small as
 0.1  gallon per hour with certain probabilities of detection  and of false
 alarm.                                                ;

 Interstitial monitoring, vapor  monitoring, groundwater monitoring, and
 statistical  inventory reconciliation have the same regulatory requirements
 for  piping  as they do for tanks. See the earlier sections of this booklet on
 those methods.
         Straight Talk On Tanks  22

-------
What are the regulatory requirements for pressurized piping?

Each pressurized piping run must have one leak detection method from
each set below:

   An Automatic Line Leak Detector:

     *•  Automatic flow restrictor; or
     >  Automatic flow shutoff; or
     >•  Continuous alarm system.

   And One Other Method:

     ป•  Monthly interstitial  monitoring; or
     *•  Monthly vapor monitoring; or
     >  Monthly groundwater monitoring; or
     >•  Monthly statistical inventory reconciliation; or
     >•  Annual tightness test.

•  The automatic line leak detector (LLD) must be designed to detect a
   leak at least as  small as  3 gallons per hour at a line pressure of
   10 pounds per square inch within 1  hour by shutting off the product
   flow, restricting the product flow, or triggering an audible or visual
   alarm.

•  The line tightness test must be able to detect a leak at least as small
   as 0.1 gallon  per hour when the line pressure is 1.5 times its normal
   operating pressure.  The test must be conducted each year.  If the test
   is performed at pressures lower than 1.5 times operating pressure, the
   leak rate to be detected  must be correspondingly lower.

•  Automatic LLDs and line tightness tests must also be able to meet the
   federal regulatory requirements regarding probabilities of detection and
   false alarm.

•  Interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring, and
   statistical inventory reconciliation have the same regulatory
   requirements  for piping as they do for tanks. See the earlier sections
   of this booklet on those  methods.

How do the leak detection methods work?

Automatic line leak detectors (LLDs)

o  Flow restrictors and flow shutoffs can monitor the pressure within the
   line in a variety of ways: whether the pressure decreases over time;
   how long it takes for a line to reach operating pressure; and
   combinations of increases and decreases in pressure.
Find out if there are
state or local
requirements on the
use of leak
detection methods
for piping that differ
from those
described here.
                         Straight Talk On Tanks  23

-------
•  If a suspected leak is detected, a flow restrictor keeps the product
   flow through the line well below the usual flow rate. If a suspected
   leak is detected, a flow shutoff completely cuts off product flow in
   the line or shuts down the pump.

•  A continuous alarm system constantly monitors line conditions and
   immediately triggers an audible or visual alarm if a leak is suspected.
   Automated internal, vapor, or interstitial line monitoring systems can
   also be set up to operate continuously and sound an alarm, flash a
   signal on the console, or even ring a telephone in a manager's office
   when a leak is suspected.

•  Both automatic flow restrictors and shutoffs are  permanently installed
   directly into the pipe or the pump housing.

•  Vapor and interstitial monitoring systems can be combined with
   automatic shutoff systems so that whenever the monitor detects a
   suspected release the piping  system is shut down. This would qualify
   as a continuous alarm system. Such a setup would meet ithe monthly
   monitoring requirement as well as the LLD requirement.   :

Line tightness testing

•  Tracer methods do not measure pressure or flow rates of the product.
   Instead they use a tracer chemical to determine if there is a hole in the
   line. With tracer methods, all of the factors below may  not apply.

•  The line is taken out of service and pressurized,  usually above the
   normal operating pressure. A drop in pressure over time, usually an
   hour or more, suggests a possible leak.

•  Suction lines are not pressurized very much during a tightness test
   (about 7 to 15  pounds per square inch).                 |

•  Most line tightness tests are performed by a testing company. You
   just observe the test.                                 \

•  Some tank tightness test methods  can be performed to  include a
   tightness test of the connected piping.

•  For most line tightness tests, no permanent equipment is Installed.

•  In the event of trapped vapor pockets, it may not be possible to
   conduct a valid line tightness test. There is no way to tell definitely
   before the test begins if this will be a problem, but  long complicated
   piping runs with many risers and dead ends are  more  likely to have
   vapor pockets.                                       j

•  Some permanently installed  electronic systems (such  as some ATGS)
   can meet the requirements of a line tightness test.
         Straight Talk On Tanks   24

-------
Secondary containment with interstitial monitoring

"  A barrier is placed between the piping and the environment. Double-
   walled piping or a leakproof liner in the piping trench can be used.

•  A monitor is placed between the piping and the barrier to sense a leak
   if it occurs.  Monitors range from a simple stick that can be put in a
   sump to see if a liquid is present, to continuous automated systems,,
   such as those that monitor for the presence of  liquid product or
   vapors.

•  Proper installation of secondary containment is the most important
   and the most difficult aspect of this leak detection method. Trained
   and experienced installers are necessary.

ป  See the section on secondary containment for additional information.
   Secondary containment for piping is similar to that for tanks.

Vapor or groundwater monitoring

•  Vapor monitoring detects product that leaks into the soil and
   evaporates.

•  Groundwater monitoring checks for leaked product floating on the
   groundwater near the piping.

ป  A site assessment must be used to determine monitoring well
   placement and spacing.

•  UST systems using vapor or groundwater monitoring for the tanks are
   well  suited to use the same monitoring method for the piping.

•  See the earlier sections  on vapor and groundwater monitoring. Use of
   these methods with piping is similar to that for tanks.
                         Straight Talk On Tanks  25

-------
                        Publications And Videos About USTs
                             1
PUBLICATIONS
TITLE
 AVAILABLE FREE FROM
Musts For USTs: A Summary Of The Federal Regulations For
Underground Storage Tank Systems
Booklet clearly summarizes federal UST requirements for installation,
release detection, spill, overfill, and corrosion protection, corrective
action, closure, reporting and recordkeeping. (About 40 pages.)

Normas Y Procedimientos Para T.S.A.
Spanish translation of Musts For USTs. (About 40 pages.)

Tank Issues: Site Characterization For External Leak Monitoring
Booklet discusses natural and man-made site characteristics that need to
be considered in the design of a vapor or groundwater monitoring
system.  (About 5 pages.)

Tank Issues: Design And Placement Of Floating Liquid Monitoring Wells
Booklet discusses site conditions that affect the performance of liquid
product monitors and the construction and placement of monitoring
wells.  (About 5 pages.)

Doing Inventory Control Right: For Underground Storage Tanks
Booklet describes how owners and operators of USTs can use inventory
control and periodic tightness testing to meet federal leak detection
requirements.  Contains reporting forms. (About 16 pages.)

Manual Tank Gauging: For Small Underground Storage Tanks .
Booklet provides simple, step-by-step directions for conducting manual
tank gauging for tanks 2,000 gallons or smaller. Contains reporting
forms. (About 12 pages.)

Introduction To Statistical Inventory Reconciliation: For Underground
Storage Tanks
Booklet describes the use of Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR) to
meet federal leak detection requirements. (About 12 pages.)

Don't Wait Until 1998: Spill, Overfill, And Corrosion Protection For
Underground Storage Tanks
Information to help owners and operators of USTs meet the 1998
deadline for compliance with requirements to upgrade, replace, or close
USTs installed before December 1988. (About 16 pages.)

Dollars And Sense: Financial Responsibility Requirements For
Underground Storage Tanks
Booklet clearly summarizes the  "financial responsibility" required of  UST
owners and operators by federal UST regulations.  (About 16 pages.)

An Overview Of Underground Storage Tank Remediation Options
Fact sheets provide information about technologies that can be used to
remediate petroleum contamination in soil and groundwater. (About 26
pages.)

Controlling UST Cleanup Costs
Fact sheet series on the cleanup process includes: Hiring a Contractor,
Negotiating the Contract, Interpreting the Bill, Managing the Process, and
Understanding Contractor Code Words. (About 10 pages.)
You can call EPA's toll-free
RCRA/Superfund Hotline at
800 424-9346 and order free
copies. Just identify the titles you
want. Or you can write and ask
for titles by addressing your
requests to:       '.

   NCEPI
   Box 42419
   Cincinnati, OH 45242

Or you can fax your order to NCEPI
at 513 891-6685.
                              Straight Talk On Tanks   26

-------
                       Publications And Videos About USTs
VIDEOS
TITLE/COST
 AVAILABLE FROM
Doing It Right
Illustrates proper installation of underground tanks and piping for
installation crews. Part 1: Tanks (24 minutes); Part 2: Piping (16
minutes). Cost: $25

Doing It Right II: Installing Required UST Equipment
Illustrates installation of spill and overfill equipment, observation wells,
and piping leak detection  (23 minutes). Cost: $60

Doing It Right and Doing it Right II  Set Cost: $75

Keeping It Clean: Making  Safe And Spill-Free Motor Fuel Deliveries
Making pollution-free deliveries to USTs. Includes Stage 1 vapor
recovery, overfill prevention and spill containment. For fuel tanker
drivers and UST owner/operators (25 minutes). Cost: $60

Petroleum Leaks Underground
How liquids and vapors move in the subsurface and why early response
to leaked petroleum is so  important. Part 1: How Liquids Move (14
minutes); Part 2: How Vapors Move (15 minutes). Cost: $75

Straight Talk On Leak Detection
Overview of the leak detection methods available for complying with
federal regulations.  Part 1: Straight Talk From Tank Owners  (owners
address the problems of UST compliance 15 minutes]); Part 2: Straight
Talk On  Leak Detection (30 minutes).  Cost: $40
Environmental Media Center
Box 30212
Bethesda, MD 20814
301 654-7141
800 522-0362
Visa and MasterCard accepted
Tank Closure Without Tears: An Inspector's Safety Guide
Focuses on explosive vapors and safe tank removal (30 minutes). Video
and Booklet Cost: $35; Booklet: $5

What Do We Have Here?: An Inspector's Guide To Site Assessment At
Tank Closure
Inspecting sites for contamination where tanks have been removed.
Part 1: Site Assessment Overview (30 minutes); Part 2: Field Testing
Instruments At A Glance (14 minutes); Part 3: Soil And Water Sampling
At A Glance (7 minutes).  Video and Booklet Cost: $45;  Booklet: $5

Searching For The Honest Tank: A Guide To UST Facility Compliance
Inspection
Covers major steps of UST inspections from protocols and equipment to
enforcement and followup; from cathodic protection to leak detection.
Directed at inspectors, yet also helpful to owners and operators (30
minutes).  Video arid Booklet Cost: $40; Booklet: $5
New England Interstate
Environmental Training Center
ATTN:VIDEOS
2 Fort Rosid
South Portland, ME 04106
207 767-2539
                             Straight Talk On Tanks   27

-------
                          State  Contacts For UST Information
                         [LUST contacts focus on leaking underground storage tanks.]
Alabama Dept. of Env.
Management
Groundwater Section/
  Water Division
Box 301463
Montgomery, AL
36130-1463
UST phone:
  334271-7986
LUST phone:
  334 271-7834

Alaska Dept. of Env.
Conservation
410 Willoughby Ave.
Junoau, AK
99801-1795
phone:      907 465-5203

Arizona Dept. of Env.
Quality
3033 N. Central Ave.
Phoenix, AZ  85O12
phone:       602 207-4324

Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control & Ecology
Regulated Storage
  Tank Division
8001 National Dr.
Little Rock, AR
72209
phone:       501 570-2801

California State Water
Resources Control Board
Div. of Clean Water
  Program
Box 944212
Sacramento, CA
94244-2120
phone:       916227-4313

[UST contact]
Colorado State OP
Inspection Office
1515 Arapahoe Street
Suite 525, Tower 3
Denver, CO
80202-2117
phone:       303 620-4300

[LUST contact!
Colorado Dept. of Health
Hazardous Materials &
  Waste Mgt. Div.
UST Program
4300 Cherry Creek Dr.  S.
Denver, CO  80220
phone:       303 692-3453

Connecticut Dept. of Env.
Protection
UST Program
State Office Bldg.
79  Elm Street
Hartford, CT  06106
phone:       203 424-3374
DC Env. Regulatory
Administration
Pesticides, Hazardous
  Waste & UST Div.
2100 Martin Luther King
  Ave. S.E., Suite 203
Washington, D.C. 20020
phone:       202 645-6080

Delaware Dept. of Natural
Resources & Env. Control
UST Branch
715  Grantham Lane
Newcastle, DE  19720
phone:       302 323-4588

Florida Dept. of Env.
Regulation
Tank Section
Twin Towers Office
  Bldg., Rm. 403
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, FL
32399-2400
phone:       904 488-3935

Georgia Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Mgt. Program
4244 Intl. Parkway,
  Suite 100
Atlanta, GA  30354
phone:      404 362-2687

Hawaii Dept. of Health
Solid and Hazardous
  Waste Branch
919 Ala Moana Blvd.,
  Suite 212
Honolulu, HI  96814
phone:      808 586-4226

Idaho Dept. of Health &
Welfare
Div. of Env. Quality
1410 North Hilton
Boise, ID  83706
phone:      208 334-0542

[UST contact]
Illinois Office of State Fire
Marshall
Div. of Pet. & Chem. Safety
1035 Stevenson Dr.
Springfield, IL  62703
phone:      217785-5878

[LUST contact]
Illinois EPA
Div. of Remediation Mgt.
LUST Section
Box 19276
Springfield, IL
62794-9276
phone:      217 782-6760
Indiana Dept. of Env. Mgt.
Office of Env. Response
Box 7015
Indianapolis, IN 46206
phone:      317233-6418

Iowa Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Section
Wallace State Office
  Bldg.
900 East Grand
Des Moines, IA 50319
phone:      515281-8135

Kansas Dept. of Health &
Env.
Bureau of Env.
  Remediation
Storage Tank Section
Forbes Field, Bldg. 740
Topeka, KS  66620
phone:      913296-1678

Kentucky Div. of Waste Mgt.
UST Branch
14 Reilly Road
Frankfort, KY  40601
phone:      502564-6716

Louisiana Dept. of Env.
Quality
UST Division
Box 82178
Baton Rouge, LA
7O810
phone:      504 765-0243

Maine Dept. of Env.
Protection
State House, Station 17
Hospital St., Ray Bldg.
Augusta, ME  04333
phone:      207 287-2651

Maryland Dept. of Env.
Waste Mgt. Adm.
Oil Control Program
2500 Broening Highway
Baltimore, MD  21224
phone:      410 631-3442

[UST contact]
Massachusetts Dept. of
Public Safety
UST Program
1010 Commonwealth
  Ave.
Boston, MA  02215
phone:      617-351-6000

[LUST contact]
Massachusetts Dept. of Env.
Protection
Bureau of Waste Site
  Cleanup
One Winter St.
Boston, MA  02108
phone:      617556-1044
Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources
UST Division
Box 30157
Lansing, Ml   48909
UST phone:
  517 373-8168
MUSTFA (state fund):
  517373-6247

Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency
Tanks and Spills Section
520 Lafayette Road
  North
St. Paul, MN
55155-3898
phone:      612297-8609

Mississippi Dept. of Env.
Quality
Bureau of Pollution
  Control, UST Section
Box 10385
Jackson, MS
39289-0385
phone:      601  961-5171

Missouri Dept. of Natural
Resources
Water Pollution Control
  Program' (UST)
Environmental Services
  Program' (LUST)
Box 176  i
Jefferson City, MO 65102-
0176
UST phone:
  314751-7428
LUST phone:
  314526-3384

Montana Dept. of Health &
Env. Sciences
Solid & Hazardous
  Waste Bureau
UST Program
Cogswell Bldg.
Helena, MT  59620
phone:   '   406 444-5970

[UST contact]
Nebraska State Fire Marshal
Flammable Liquid Storage
246 South 14th St.
Lincoln, NE  68508
phone:      402471-9465

[LUST contact]
Nebraska Dept. of Env.
Control
LUST/ER Section
Box 98922
Lincoln, NE
68509-8922
phone:      402471-4230
                                   Straight Talk On  Tanks   28

                                                    U.S.  GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1995 O - 165-588  : QL 3

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" ' 1 1 1
State Contacts For UST Information
IF
^ffE1.,:5'"'.'1'"':;"1 '"":?'
rV . |
\i \
 Nevada Dept. of Conserv.
 &NaturaI Resources
 Div. of Env. Protection
 Capitol Complex
 333 W. Nye Lane
 Carson City, NV 89710
 phone:      702687-5872

 New Hampshire Dept. of
 Env. Services
 Oil Compliance  Section
 Groundwater Protection
   Bureau
 Box 95
 Concord, NH 03301
 phone:     . 603 271-3644

 New Jersey Dept. of Env.
 Protection
 Responsible Party Site
 ,, Remediation      ,
 401 E. State (CN-028)
 Trenton, NJ
 08625-0028
 phone:      609984-3156

 New Mexico Env. Dept.
 UST Bureau
 Box 26110
 Santa Fe, NM
 87502
 phone:      505827-0188

 New York Dept. of Env.
 Conservation
 Bulk Storage Section
 50 Wolf Rd., Rm. 340
 Albany, NY
 12233-3750
 phone:      518 457-4351

 North Carolina Pollution ,
 Control Branch
 Diy. of Env. Mgt.
 Oept. of Env. Health &
   Natural Resources
 441 N. Harrington St.
 Raleigh, NC
 27603-1323
 phone:      919733-8486

 North Dakota Div. of Waste
 Mgt.
 Dept. of Health  and
   Consolidated Lab.
 Box 5520
 Bismarck, ND
 58502-5520
 phone:      701 328-5166

, Ohio Dept. of Commerce
 Bureau of UST Regulations
 8895 East Main St.
 Box 687
 Reynoldsburg, OH 43068
 phone:      614752-7938

 Oklahoma Corporation
 Commission
 FueJ Storage Division
 Box 5200Q-2000
 Oklahoma City,  OK 73152-
 2000
 UST phone:
   405521-3107
 LUST phone:
   405 521-6575
 [UST contact]
 Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality
 UST Cpmpliance Section
 811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,
 7th Floor
 Portland, OR 97204
 phone:      503 229-5774

 [LUST contact]
 Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality
 UST Cleanup Program
 811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,
   9th Floor
 Portland, OR 97204
 phone:      503 229-6642

 Pennsylvania Dept. of Env.
 Resources
 Storage Tank Program
 Box 8762
 Harrisburg, PA
 17101-2301
 phone:      717772-5599

 Rhode Island Dept. of Env.
 Mgt.
 UST Section
 291 Promenade St.
 Providence,  Rl  02908
 phone:      401 277-2234

 South Carolina Dept. of
 Health and Env.Control
 Groundwater Protection
   Division
 2600 Bull St.
 Columbia, SC  29201
 UST phone:
   803 734-5335
. LUST phone:
  -803734-5331

 South Dakota Dept. of Env.
 & Nat. Resources
 UST Program
 523 East Capitol
 Pierre, SD  57501
 phone:       605 773-3296

 Tennessee Dept. of Env. &
 Conservation
 Div. of USTs
 4th Floor, L&C Tower
 401 Church  St.
 Nashville, TN
 37243-1541
 phone:       615532-0945

 Texas Natural Resources
 Conservation Comm.
 Petroleum Storage
  Tank Div.
 Box 13087
 Austin, TX 78711-3087
 phone:      512239-2000

 Utah Dept. of Env. Quality
 Div. of Env. Response
  and Remediation
 UST Branch
 168 North 1950 West,
   1st Floor
 Salt Lake City, UT 84116
 phone:      8O1 536-4100
Vermont Dept. of Natural  I
Resources               J!
UST Program            J!
103 South Main St.,      J
  West Bldg.             j
Waterbury, VT 05676    1
phone:       802 244-870]

[UST contact]           1
Virginia Dept. Env. Quality 11
Response Program
4951 Cox Road
Glen Allen, VA 23060
phone:       804527-518

[LUST contact]
Virginia Dept. Env. Quality
Groundwater Mgt.
  Program
4951 Cox Road
Glen Allen, VA 23060
phone:       804527-518;

Washington Dept. of
Ecology
Box 47655
Olympia,  WA
98504-7655
UST phone:
   206 407-7211
LUST phone:
   206407-7218

West Virginia Div. of Env.
Protection
Office of  Waste Mgt.
UST Section
1356 Hansford St.
Charleston, WV  25301
phone:      304 558-637J

[UST contact]
Wisconsin Dept. of Industry^
Labor & Human Relations
Division of Safety and
  Buildings
Box 79 69
Madison,  Wl   53707
phone:      6O8 267-760|

[LUST contact]
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural
Resources
Bureau of Solid and
  Hazardous Waste Mgt.
Box 7921
Madison,  W|
53707-7921
phone:       608 267-756*3

Wyoming Dept. of Env.
Quality
Water Quality Div.
Herschler Bldg.,
  4th Floor
122 West 25th St.
Cheyenne, WY 82002
phone:       307 777-709|
            I if*

            * I" , X  '  '!
             V,  ' .
     U.S. TERRITORIES

    ' American Samoa Env.
  JfcJ'rQtection.Agency
  |i pffice of the Governor
  -r American Samoa
  :c Government
  tll/^TTN: UST Program
-  Ill
   4 Commonwealth of Northern
     Mariana Islands Div. of Env.
    tซ Quality
   || Box 1 304
    i Dr. Torres Hospital
   ilSaipan, MP  96950
   ,L phone:      607 234-6984
  !
     Guam Env. Protection
     Agency
              "
                                                                                                                            \  4
                                                                                                                            mf *'!
     Pago Pago, American Samoa
    96799
  phone:
                 684 633-2304
          ......... .............
  lii.i.Harmpn.plaza,  ...... -
  * Complex Unit D-107
   RlSb Ro'jas St.
   jป 'Harmon', Guam  96911
  1 if phone:    ........ 671 646-8863'
  *      ;   -  " ฐ •-"  ' •'' :     ''•'
  Box 1 1 488
jp Commonwealth of
    Puerto  Rico
  Santurce, Puerto Rico
  00910
  phone:      809767-8109

   irgin Islands Div. of Env.
 ' Protection
J!f',pept._of Planning and
          '               '   '
  "  Virgi
                     ,,, ,  .   .
     Nisky Center 231
    ;45A Estate Nisky
     Charlotte Amalie
   J St. Thomas, Virgin
     , Islands  00802
     phone:       809774-3320
  ll-
  Jl
                                                                                                                 f  '  i
                                                                                                                      11   h'

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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
5403W
Washington, DC 20460

Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300

-------