EPA 520/1-83-006
SURVEY OF THE MARINE BENTHIC INFAUNA COLLECTED
FROM THE UNITED STATES RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL SITES
OFF THE FARALLON ISLANDS, CALIFORNIA
BY
DONALD J. REISH
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH
LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA 90840
AUGUST 1978
REVISED JANUARY 1983
THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED BY THE
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY UNDER PURCHASE ORDER
NUMBER WA-7-2272-A
PROJECT OFFICER
ROBERT S. DYER
OFFICE OF RADIATION PROGRAMS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
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FOREWORD
In response to the mandate of Public Law 92-532,! the Marine,
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, as amended, the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a program to
promulgate regulations and criteria to control the ocean disposal of
radioactive wastes. As part of that program, the EPA Office of Radiation
Programs initiated feasibility studies in 1974 to learn whether present,
technologies could be used to determine the fate of radioactive wastes
dumped in the past.
In 1974, and again in 1975, ORP obtained the services of the
unmanned, tethered submersible, CURV III to conduct surveys at the
Farallon Islands low-level radioactive waste dumpsite area and to
determine whether current technologies could be applied toward
determining the fate of radioactive waste dumped in the past.
Radioactive waste packages were successfully located in this major
Pacific previously-used dumpsite area, and a program of
site-characterization studies was conducted to investigate (a) the
biological, geochemical and physical characteristics of the area, (b) the
presence and distribution of radionuclides within the area, and (c) the
performance of past packaging techniques and materials.
These studies have continued to provide needed information and data
on past radioactive waste disposal activities concomitant with the
growing national and international interest in the possible long-term
effects of this low-level waste disposal option.
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A key concern of EPA in evaluating ocean disposal for low-level
radioactive waste is the potential for both mobilization and biological
transport of released radionuclides from a dumpsite to man. Infaunal
organisms, i.e. organisms living within the sediment, may be an important
element of both of these deepsea processes. The present report describes
the marine infauna inhabiting the sediment in the areas of the 900 meter
and 1700 meter low-level radioactive waste dumpsites near the Farallon
Islands off the coast of California. This report specifically examines
the presence, distribution, and abundance of the polychaetous annelid
worms and the foraminifera, which are the dominant macro- and
microinfauna, respectively, in the Farallon Islands dumpsite survey area.
The Agency invites all readers of this report to send any comments
or suggestions to Mr. David E. Janes,.Director, Analysis and Support
Division, Office of Radiation Programs (ANR-461), Washington, D.C. 20460,
Glen L. Sjoblom, Director
Office of Radiation Programs
IV
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ABSTRACT
Benthic biological samples were taken in 1977 from the
vicinity of the Farallon Islands radioactive waste disposal sites
for characterization of the infaunal macroinvertebrates and
foraminifera. Six quantitative sediment samples were taken with
a box core, and two non-quantitative samples were collected with
an otter trawl at depths of 900m to 1700m. A sample was also
taken from the surface of a radioactive waste container which was
recovered from a depth of 730m for subsequent analysis at
Brookhaven National Laboratory. Animals and sediment adhering to
the surface of the container were scraped and preserved.
A total of 120 invertebrate species were collected, of
which 75 species (63 percent) were polychaetes. Forty-three of
these polychaete species have not previously been reported from
depths greater than 1000m. A total of 1044 macroinvertebrate
specimens were collected of which 54 percent were polychaetes.
Only the nematods were present at all six benthic stations, but
the community structure was dominated by the polychaetes Tauberia
gracilis, AUJLa pulchrar Chaetozone setosa, and Cossiura Candida.
Living and dead foraminifera were reported. Only one aberrant
specimen of foraminifera was noted, which is less than generally
encountered. The potential role of polychaetes in bioturbation
i
and in the marine food chain is briefly discussed iwith respect to
the various polychaete feeding mechanisms.
v
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1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
III. RESULTS
A. Invertebrates
B. Foraminifera
IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
TABLES 1-6
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES 1-16
1
1
3
3
' 5
7
13
14
17
38
39
vi x
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
1. Station locations, Parallon Islands
radioactive waste disposal site area, 1977
2. Systematic list of the macroinvertebrates
collected
3. Systematic list of the foraminifera
collected
4. Species and number of macroinvertebrates
collected
5. Species and number of foraminifera
collected
6. List of polychaetous annelids reported
offshore from California in depths greater
than 1000 meters
Page
17
18
22
24
29
33
viii
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1. Bathymetric map of the dumpsite area showing sample
locations and types of samples collected
2. Anterior end of the polychaete Tauberia gracilis
3. Anterior end of the polychaete Allia pulchra
4. Polychaete ghaetozone setosa
5. Anterior end of the polychaete Cossura gandjd^
6. Benthonic foraminiferan Bulimina auriculata
7. Benthonic f oraminif eran B_ulimiiiella tenuata
8. Benthonic f oraminif eran Epis_tpjaine_ll3 paci.£l£a
9. Benthonic foraminiferan Uvigerina peregrina
10. Benthonic foraminiferan Bulimina striata mexicana
11. Benthonic f oraminif eran ghilostomellina fjmb>;iata
12. Benthonic f oraminif eran grj.br ostomoides subglobosum
13. Benthonic fnraminiferan Globobulimina pacifica
14. Benthonic f oraminif eran Planulina wjiej,le_r_s_tfiiii
15. Benthonic foraminiferan Reophax horridus
16. Benthonic foraminiferan Uvigerina hispida
Page
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
ix
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I. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this investigation was to identify the
benthic macroinvertebrate infauna and foraminifera present in and
around the vicinity of the United States Farallon Islands
I
radioactive waste disposal sites located west of Sart Francisco, ,
at depths of 900m and 1700m. Emphasis was placed on
identification of the polychaetous annelids because of their
abundance in terms of number of species and individuals as well
as their role in the vertical and horizontal reworking of
sediments. Other macroinvertebrates, the crustaceans and
mollusks, were identified to the lowest possible taxon. Living
as well as dead foraminifera were identified and counted. In
addition, aberrant foraminifera were noted, if and whenever they
occurred. Foraminifera are an important microfaunal group in
'
deepsea sediments.
The potential role benthic macroinvertebrate fauna, especially
polychaetes, could play in the movement of radionuclides, through
bioturbation and food chain transport, is described. Comparisons
are made of the benthic infaunal marine life between the Pacific
Ocean Farallon Islands dumpsite area and the Atlantic Ocean
radioactive waste disposal site centered at a depth of 2800m.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collections were made from the R/V Velero IV beginning
August 31, 1977 through September 2, 1977, and October 19, 1977
through October 22, 1977. The station locations, dates, and
methods of collection are given in Table 1. A bathymetric map of
the dumpsite sampling areas is shown in Figure 1, and includes
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both the sampling locations and the types of samples collected.
A total of six benthic samples were taken with a box corer which
sampled a surface area of approximately 930 cm2 to a variable
depth of 50-80 cm. The amount of material available from each
box core collection for biological analysis varied depending upon
the needs of other investigators. Samples from two of the six
box core stations, numbers ISA and 41A, were made available for
complete infaunal study. For the remaining four box core
stations, about one-half of the total surface area was left for
infaunal study after samples were taken for other analyses, such
as radiochemistry (Schell, et al., 1979). Two otter trawls were
taken to collect the larger macroepifaunal groups, such as crabs,
echinoderms, and fish. Although the primary macroepibenthic
faunal characterizations were done by another investigator
(Carney, 1979), some of the material from these trawls was
analyzed in this study and is reported herein. Each trawl was
about one mile in length (Figure 1). The data reported for the
trawl collection does not represent a quantitative sample.
Two 2.54 cm diameter cores were taken of the undisturbed box
core sample to a depth of about 7-10 cm. The top 5 cm was then
placed in a 1% rose bengal-70% ethanol solution for later
foraminiferal analysis. After the ethanol solution dried, a 100
gram subsample was taken. The sediment was boiled with trisodium
phosphate to break up the sediments, and then washed through a
0.127 mm sieve. The material retained on the sieve was examined
under a dissecting microscope and foraminiferan specimens were
removed for subsequent taxonomic identification. Scanning
electron microscope pictures were taken of the dominant
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foraminiferan.species and are included as part of this report
(Figures 6-16). ;
The remaining sediment core sections were washed onboard
through a 0.5 mm sieve, and the material retained on the sieve
was preserved with a 40% formalin solution. All biological
samples were transferred to the laboratory at Long Beach from the
Velero IV at its home port of San Pedro, California. In the
laboratory, the samples were washed additionally through a 0.25
mm sieve to remove the formalin and remaining fine-grained
sediment. The material retained on the sieve was transferred to
ethanol for later sorting and identification.
Samples of macroepifaunal biological specimens collected from the
trawls, and any biota and sediment which adhered £0 the 55-gallOn, mild-
steel, low-level radioactive waste disposal container retrieved
for analysis were preserved in 40% fo'rmalin. Samples of this
material were then processed in the laboratory as described
above.
III. RESULTS
A. Invertebrates
The biological data obtained from the six benthic sampling
stations and two otter trawls are summarized in Tables 2 through
5. A total of 120 identified invertebrate species are
represented, of which 75 species are polychaetes, 23 are
crustaceans, 16 are mollusks, 2 are echinoderms, and the
remaining 4 species consisted of nematods, nemerteans,
oligochaetes, and ectoprocts. A total of 1044 individual
specimens were collected of which 559 specimens are polychaetes,
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156 are crustaceans, 138 are mollusks, and the remaining 191
specimens are nematods, nemerteans, oligochaetes, echinoderms,
and ectoprocts.
The macroinvertebrate infauna population at the six box core
stations was quite diverse. None of the different groups of
macroinvertebrates, except for nematods, were present at all six
stations. The dominant species represented were the following
polychaetes: Tauberia gracilis (Figure 2) with 68 specimens,
Allia. pulchra (Figure 3) with 66, Chaetozone setosa (Figure 4)
with 64, and Cossura Candida (Figure 5) with 59 specimens. None
of these polychaete species were present at more than four
stations. Tharyx sp., with 37 specimens, was found at five of
the six stations. Two additional species. Lumbrineris sp. with
14 specimens and Nothria vibex with 10 specimens, were also
present at four stations. Although present in only small
numbers, specimens of these last two species are much larger in
size than those of the more abundant species listed above.
Nematods were present within the six benthic samples; a
total of 71 specimens of this phylum were taken. Because of
their small size, undoubtedly many additional ones passed through
the screen during the process of washing samples. Crustaceans
were the second most numerous group to the polychaetes. They
were dominated by the amphipods of which there were 109
specimens, representing 11 species. Pelecypods were the most
numerous mollusk group present, with 111 specimens representing
12 species.
The serpulid polychaete Apomatus iimsii was the only
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macroscopic animal present on the surface of the radioactive
waste container which was recovered. The tube of Aj;>o_ma±iis was
very similar in appearance to the unidentified serpulid
polychaete present on the surface of the container recovered from
the 2800m Atlantic Ocean dumpsite (see Colombo, iLt aJL.r 1982,
Figure 52, along lower margin of figure).
B. Foraminifera
The foraminifera were studied because they are the most
common group of microfauna in deep oceanic sediments. They
I
either possess a calcareous skeleton, such as Figures 6-14, or an
arenaceous skeleton composed of sand and other debris as
represented by the species in Figure 15. Because of their hard
skeleton their shell may remain long after the animal has died.
Foraminifera became fossilized in the geological past and they
are important indicators of potential oil deposits. Foraminifera
are either planktonic or benthonic inhabitants. Rose bengal is
added to fresh collections and, if the animal is living at the
time of collection, the protoplasm within the shell takes up the
stain giving the shell a rose color. Dead specimens at the time
of collection do not take up this stain. There is no way to
determine the cause of death of any non-living specimens of
foraminifera and furthermore they may have been dead for decades
or longer at the time of collection.
A total of 4 planktonic and 77 benthonic species of forams
were collected from the Farallon Islands radioactive waste
disposal site (Table 3). None of the planktonic specimens were
living at the time of collection and none were collected from the
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sediment adhering to the surface of the recovered radioactive
waste container. These planktonic species may have lived in the
overlaying water or been carried into the area by currents. A
total of 23 of the 77 benthonic species were alive at the time of
collection (Table 5). Dead specimens were more numerous than
living ones, as is the norm (Table 5). No living benthonic
species were present on the container; a total of 72 specimens
representing 13 species were present in the sediment adhering to
the surface of the container (Table 5). There is no way of
establishing any relationship between these dead forams and the
low-level radioactive waste container; it is probable that they
were dead long before the container was dumped into the area.
Excluding the container-recovery station, dead specimens of
the planktonic species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma were present
at all six box core stations; dead Neogloboquadrina dutertrei
were present at five stations.
Five benthonic foram species were taken at all six box core
stations and from the substrate attached to the waste container.
These were Eulimiim auriculata (Figure 6), EliUmiiueJLLa tenuata
(Figure 7), Chilostomella. oolina, Epistominella pacifica (Figure
8)r and Uvigerina peregrina (Figure 9). A total of 70 Living
specimens of Eiilimina auriculata were collected, followed by
Uvigerina peregrina with 35. No aberrant living specimen was
noted, and only one dead specimen of Epistominella pacifica was
abnormal, which is not considered significant.
Other benthonic foraminifera, for which photomicrographs are
provided, include Bulimina striata mexicana (Figure 10) taken from
five of the six box core stations, Chilostomellina fimbriata
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(Figure 11) taken from four st-atii nnsr Cribrostomoides subglobosum
(Figure 12) taken from two stations, Globobulimima pacifica
(Figure 13) taken from five stations, Planulina ffuellerstOEfi
(Figure 14) taken from two stations, Reophax horridus (Figure
15), an arenaceous species, taken from two stations, and Uyigerjna
hispida (Figure 16) taken from four stations.
IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The polychaetous annelids were the dominant macroinvertebrate
group collected from the Farallon Islands radioactive waste
disposal sites—about 63 percent of the species and 54 percent of
the total number of specimens collected belonged to this group.
These figures are quite similar to the 45 percent of the species
and 49 percent of the specimens, respectively, collected and
identified at the 2800m Atlantic Ocean radioactive waste dumpsite
(Reish, 1983). Knox (1977) stated that, in general, polychaete
species comprise over 40 percent of the soft bottom macro-
invertebrate benthic communities regardless of depth. Jumars and
Hessler (1976) reported that polychaetes constituted about 49
percent of the macroin vertebrates collected from the Aleutian
Trench at depths of 7000-7500m. The numbers of polychaete
*• v ' ; , .
specimens averaged 58 percent of the macroinvertebrate population
at depths from 1000 to 5000m in one large northwestern Atlantic
Ocean study (Hartman and Fauchald, 1971). The number of species
and numerical abundance of polychaete populations at the two
radioactive waste dumpsite areas fall within what has been
observed elsewhere in ocean depths.
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One striking difference between the polychaetes collected
from the Farallon Islands area and the 2800m Atlantic Ocean
dumpsite was the size of the animals - the Pacific Ocean specimens
were comparatively large while the 2800m Atlantic Ocean
polychaetes were small (Reish, 1983). The sea mouse, Aphrodita
japonica, was the largest Pacific polychaete species encountered.
Pour specimens were collected by otter trawl and weighed 4.0,
9.75, 12.6, and 19.9 grams (wet weight), respectively. While
weights are unknown, much larger specimens have been observed by
the author in the polychaete collections at the Allan Hancock
Foundation, University of Southern California. Other large
species found at the Farallon Islands dumpsite area included
Aglaophamus paucilamellata, Ampharete arcticaf Anobothrus
gracilis, Laetomonice pellucidar Maldane sarsif Nothria vibex,
Rhodine bitorguata, and Terebellides nr. stroemi. Some of these
species build tubes of sediment which will measure up to 1.0 cm
in diameter and potentially provide significant bioturbation of
the sediment if present in significant numbers. Of the above
eight species, Maldane sarsif was found in proportionally large
numbers at Stations ISA (17 specimens) and 41A (8 specimens), the
two stations where the complete box core was washed for biological
material. Rhodine bitorquata was found in proportionally very
large numbers (32 specimens) at Station ISA (Table 4).
The population of invertebrates in the Farallon Islands
dumpsite area ranged from 280 to 4124 specimens/m2 with an average
of 1770 specimens/m2 or 1643/m2 if the nematods are excluded.
Nematods are considered as meiofauna and are not generally
considered as macroinvertebrates. These population figures are
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about four times higher than those measured at the 2800m Atlantic
Ocean dumpsite (Reish, 1983). While biomass was not measured for
either collection, the corresponding amount of biological material
would be at least one, or possibly two orders of magnitude greater
for the Farallon Islands radioactive waste disposal site area. It
was readily apparent that a greater amount of biomass was present
in the benthos off the Farallon Islands radioactive waste dumpsite
since the sediment was composed largely of fecal pellets. No
fecal pellets were noted in the sieved sediment collected at the
Atlantic Ocean 2800m dumpsite (Reish, 1983).
Most of the polychaetes present in these samples feed on
sediment particles which are covered with organic coatings.
Detrital feeders such as Anobothrus trilobatus utilize appendages
to bring sediment to their mouths. Predominant polychaetes are
illustrated in Figures 2-5. They engulf the sediment, digest the
organic material present, and eliminate the undigested portion
out their anus. These species play a significant role in the
reworking of the sediments, and this action accounts for the
I
presence of the many fecal pellets in the sediment. Since the
sedimentation rate is very slow at these depths at 2-6 cm/1000 yr
on the continental slope (Dayal, et al., 1979), and since a thin
mucous film is secreted over these pellets during elimination,
the individual pellet retains its identity. Other species, such
as Maldane sarsi, not only engulf sediment for food but also
construct tubes from this sediment. Such tubes can retain their
shape long after the worm has died. A few species from the
Farallon Islands dumpsite area are carnivorous; we can include
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such species as £phrodjta japonica and Lumbrineris sp. within
this group. They probably feed upon nematods, polychaetes, and
smaller crustaceans (Fauchald and Jumars, 1979).
The role of polychaetes in the deep sea marine food chain
has been little studied. However, on the basis of the morphology
of these species, we can determine with some certainty the trophic
position of the polychaetes. As stated above, most of these
species are either detrital or sediment feeders with a few
carnivores present. As indicated by the large amount of fecal
material present in the sediments, bioturbation in the Farallon
Islands dumpsite is very extensive. Dayal, et al., (1979) reported
the sediment deposition rate to be on the order of 190-1140 cm2/1000
years. If radioactive material is leaking from the containers, then
it is possible that some of this material may be buried by
bioturbation or brought back to the surface at a later date by
the same bioturbation process. Because of the presence of some
large detrital feeding and carnivorous species of polychaetes, it
is possible that radioactive material could be transferred upward
from sediment to a detrital feeding polychaete to a fish, on the
one hand, or from the detrital feeding polychaete to a
carnivorous polychaete to a fish, on the other hand. It would be
very useful to have an invertebrate zoologist examine the entire
contents of the digestive tract of any fish specimen taken in the
future at this dumpsite to determine feeding habits. Such data
would give us a clearer understanding of deep sea food chain
beginnings at the lower trophic levels.
The list of polychaetous annelid species previously known
off the California coast in depths greater than 1000m is
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summarized in Table 6. This depth limit was selected to coincide
and provide a comparison with a similar depth tabulation
developed for the Atlantic 2800m dumpsite (Reish, 1983) which had
been chosen arbitrarily for that study. Nearly twice as many
species of polychaetes have been reported from the northwestern
Atlantic Ocean than the northeastern Pacific Ocean (316 to 169).
This difference is more than likely the result of more extensive
studies made at these depths in the Atlantic Ocean (Hartman,
1965; Hartman and Fauchald, 1971) than the Pacific Ocean, and,
furthermore, the geographical area studied extended from New
England to Bermuda in the Atlantic compared to California in the
Pacific. Of the 169 different Pacific polychaete species which
have been previously reported from depths greater than 1000m, 24
of these species are reported herein (Table 4). The remaining 43
species collected which have not previously been reported from
depths exceeding 1000m, are indicated with a single asterisk in
Table 4 (Hartman, 1968, 1969; Fauchald and Hancock, 1982).
Therefore, from the present study alone, 43 species of
polychaetes can be added to the list of those recorded below a
depth of 1000m (Table 4). The six undescribed species of
polychaetes (Asabellides sp., liimid^ sp., Eunereis sp., Mugga
sp., Neosabellides sp., and Paiwa sp.) collected near the
Farallon Islands were also part of a collection of over 100 new
polychaete species taken a year or two earlier during the course
of the Outer Continental Shelf baseline study by the Bureau of
I
Land Management (BLM). The new species have not been described
as of 1983. Several specimens of the serpulid polychaete, Apomatus
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were found only on the radioactive waste container which
was raised to the surface. This species was previously reported
only from a depth of 110m off Monterey, California.
Only four species of planktonic foraminifera, all dead, were
taken from the Farallon Islands site. No living specimens of
forams were taken from the surface of the retrieved radioactive
waste disposal container which is probably not significant since
the number of dead specimens always greatly exceeds living ones.
The species composition and population of foraminifera is
considered to be normal for this depth and geographical region
(Dr. Paul Fritts, personal communication).
Since the Farallon Islands radioactive waste disposal sites
are in an area of high biological infaunal activity, as represented
by the high concentration of fecal pellets in the sediments, this
locality should be avoided as a potential future disposal area
for low-level radioactive waste materials because of the greater
potential for these materials to move upward in the food chain.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
My interest and involvement in characterizing benthic faunal
composition in the vicinity of the United States radioactive
waste disposal sites and the possible role of benthic organisms
in the movement and reworking of sediment (biotuirbation) began in
1974 through contacts with Robert S. Dyer of the Office of
Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Sam
Kelly, of Interstate Electronics Corporation, a contractor to
EPA. I would again like to express my thanks to these two
scientists for involving me in this problem which is unique to
the twentieth century.
Two expeditions were made to the Farallon Islands locality
in 1977. Randy McGlade participated in my behalf on both of
these expeditions. I wish to express my thanks to him for doing
a fine job of collecting and preserving the material.
I would like to thank the following biologists for
identifying some of the organisms collected. These include:
Paul Fritts, California State University, Long Beach
(Foraminifera); Bruce Benedict, (Crustaceans); Charles A.
Phillips, California State University, Long Beach (Mollusks); Sue
Williams, University of Southern California (Polychaetes); and
Karen Green, California State University, Long Beach
•
(Polychaetes).
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REFERENCES
Carney, R.S., 1979. "A Report on the Invertebrate Megafauna
Collected by Otter Trawl at the Farallon Islands Radioactive
Waste Disposal Site During the August-September and October
EPA Cruises of R/V Velero IV." Final Contract Report to the
Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Colombo, P., R.M. Neilson, Jr. and M.W. Kendig, 1982. "Analysis
and Evaluation of a Radioactive Waste Package Retrieved from
the Atlantic 2800 meter Disposal Site." Office of Radiation
Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No.
EPA 520/1-82-009, Washington, D.C.
Dayal, R., I.W. Duedall, M. Fuhrmann and M.G. Beaton, 1979.
"Sediment and Water Column Properties at the Farallon
Islands Radioactive Waste Dumpsites." Final Contract Report
to the Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Fauchald, K. and D.R. Hancock, 1982. "Deep-water Polychaetes from
a Transect off Central Oregon. Monograph, Allan Hancock
Foundation, Univ. So. Calif., Los Angeles. No. 4, 73 pp.
Fauchald, K. and P.A. Jumars, 1979. The diet of worms: A study
of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanogr. and. Marine. Bio_l.,
Annual Reviews 17:193-284.
Hartman, 0., 1965. "Deep-water Polychaetous Annelids off New
England to Bermuda and Other Northern Atlantic Areas."
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Allan Hancock Foundation, Occasional Paper No. 28, 378 pp.
Hartman, 0., 1968. "Atlas of the Errantiate Polychaetous Annelids
from California. " Allan Hancock Foundation,- Univ. So.
Calif., Los Angeles. 828 pp.
Hartman, O.f 1969. "Atlas of the Sedentariate Polychaetous
Annelids from California." Allan Hancock Foundation, Univ.
So. Calif., Los Angeles. 812 pp.
i
Hartman, 0. and K. Fauchald, 1971. "Deep-water Polychaetous
Annelids off New England to Bermuda and Other North Atlantic
Areas. Part II." Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs in
jyiarine Biology. No. 6, 327 pp.
I
Jumars, P.A. and R.R. Hessler, 1976. "Hadal Community Structure;
Implications from the Aleutian Trench." JOUIL^ Marine Research
I
35:547-560.
Knox, G.A., 1977. "The Role of Polychaetes in Berithic Soft-bottom
Communities." In: Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory
of Dr. Olga Hartman. D.J. Reish and K. Fauchald, eds., Allan
Hancock Foundation, Univ. of Southern California, Los
Angeles, pp. 547-604.
Reish, D.J., 1983. "Survey of the Benthic Invertebrates
Collected from the United States 2800 Meter Radioactive
Waste Disposal Site in the Atlantic Ocean." Office of
Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Report No. EPA 520/1-82-003. Washington, D.:C.
Schell, W.R. and S. Sugai, 1980. "Radionuclides in Water,
15
-------
1
Sediment, and Biological Samples Collected in August-
October, 1977 at the Radioactive Waste Disposal Site near
the Farallon Islands." Health Physics 39:475-496.
Strelzov, V.E., 1979. Polychaete worms of the Family Paraonidae
Cerruti (Polychaeta, Sedentaria). Academy of Sciences,
USSR, Translated from Russian for Smithsonian Institution
and National Science Foundation. Amerind Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, India. 212 pp.
16
-------
17
Table 1 |
Station Locations, Farallon Islands Radioactive Waste Disposal Site, 1977
Station
Number
13A
2A
47
39
41A
48
Near 45
South of
15
Near
Station ,8
Date
8-31-77
8-31-77
9-1-77
9-1-77
9-1-77
9-1-77
9-2-77
10-19-77
10-22-77
Latitude
(°N)
37°38.1'
37°38.8'
37°38.3'
37°38'
37°38'
37°36.6'
37°34'-
37°35.5'
37°31.7'-
37°32.8'
37°38.1'
Longitude
( w)
123°08'
123°07.1f
123°14'
123°17'
123°20.7'
123°12.7f
123°13f-
123°16'
123°05.8'-
123°04.7'
123°07.6'
Sampling
Device
Box Corer*
Box Corer
Box Coretr
Box Corer
Box Corer*
Box Corer
Otter Trawl
Otter Trawl
Depth
(Meters)
1025
865
1400
1525
2250
1170
1150-1520
360-700
Waste Package 730
Retrieval.
mud adhering
(Sampled
to surface)
*Complete sample washed for biological material.
Note: Center of 900 meter dumpsite area: 37 38'N, 123 08'W
Center of 1700 meter dumpsite area: 37 37'N, 123 17'W
-------
Table 2
Systematic List of the Macroinvertebrates Collected
from the Farallon Islands Radioactive Waste Disposal Site, 1977
Phylum Nematoda
nematodes, unidentified
Phylum Nemertea
nemerteans, unidentified
Phylum Annelida
Class Hirudinea
leech, unidentified
Class Oligochaeta
oligochaetes, unidentified
Class Polychaeta
Acesta lopezi. lopezi,
Acesta nr. assim-ilis
Acesta sp.
Aglaophamus paucilamellata
All-la pulehva
All-ia ramosa
All-ia sp.
Ampharete arcti-aa
ampharetid, unidentified genus
ampharetid, juvenile
Anobothrus gpaeilis
Anobothvus tvLlobatus
Aphrod-ita gaponi-ca
Apomatus timsii
Asabell-ides sp.
Chaetozone setosa
Chone ecaudata
Cossia?a Candida
Cossura sp.
Dorwi-llea batiaa
Dr-ilonere-Ls faloata
?Euohone vilifera
Euclymene sp.
Eucvanta anooulata
Eum-ida tyb-Lfoxmi-s
Eumida sp.
Eunere-is sp.
Eunice sp.
Fabrisabella vaseulosa
Fauveliops'is vugosa
Glyceva cap-Ltata
Glyphanostom-Lum pallesoens
-------
19
Table 2 (continued)
Goniada bvunnea
Earmothoe az>assieix>rata
Intasbella caeca
Jasmineiva gvacilis
Laetomonice pelluoida
Lanassa gracilis
LymbTineT-is longensis
Lwribvinevis mininae
Lwnbrineris sp.
Maldane sarsi-
Maldane sp.
Mugga sp.
Myvioohele grac-ilis
Neanthes sp.
Nereis anoculopsis
Nephtys eornuta franoisoana
Neoamphitrite robusta
Neomediomastus glabvus
Neosabellides sp.
Nothria vibex
Notomastus abyssalis
Notomastus preeoeis
Notomastus sp.
Ophelia sp.
oweniid, fragment
Paiwa sp.
Fhevusa papillata
Phylo nudus
Pirakia bvunnea
Prionospio steenstvupi
Praxillella affinis pacifica
Pseudoeupyfhoe abyssalis
Rhodine bitoTquata
Scalibregma inflatum
Sphaerodoropsis nr. ooulata
Spiochaetopterus eostarum
Spiophanes fimbviata
Sthenelepis aveolata
Subadyte mexioana
Taubevia gracilis
Tevebellides nr. stvoemi
Tharyx sp.
Typosyllis aciculata orientalis
-------
Table 2 (continued) 20
Phylum Mollusca
Glass Pelecypoda
Cardiomya sp.
Deleetopecten sp.
Leptonidae sp. A
Leptonidae sp. B
Lucinidae
TLucinidae
Maooma sp. A
Maooma sp. B
Nucula sp.
Nuculanidae
?Io1dia monbeveyensis
loldia sp.
Class Gastropoda
Crystallophrisson sp.
Scissuvella crispata
Turridae
Class Scaphopoda
Wentali-wn (Laeuiden-ta.li.im) vectius
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Crustacea
Order Ostracoda
Cylindrolebendinae, unidentified
Order Isopoda
Lixoneca vulgaris
isopoda, unidentified
Order Tanaidacea
LeptognathLa sp.
Order Cumacea
Campylaspis sp.
TSudonella pa.ci.fica,
Leucon Tarmatus
Leucon subnasica
Leucon sulenacica
Leucon sp.
Order Amphipoda
Ampetisca posetica
Ampelisca, sp.
Heterophoasus oculotus
Hippomedon sp.
Lilgebovgia sp.
Lysianissidae sp.
Nicippe tumida
Phot-is sp.
IProtomedia sp.
Syncnelidia sp.
gammarids, unidentified
-------
Table 2 (continued)
21
Order Mysidacea
mysid, unidentified
Order Decapoda
decapod, unidentified
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Ophiuroidea
brittlestars, unidentified
Class Holothuroidea
sea cucumbers, unidentified
Phylum Ectoprocta
ectoprocts, unidentified
-------
22
Table 3
Systematic List of the Foraminifera Collected from
the Farallon Islands Radioactive Waste Disposal Site, 1977
Adercostrema glomerata? (Brady)
Alveolophragmium soitulwn (Brady)
Ey-izaii.no. pacif-ioa Cushman & McCulloch
Brizalina peirsonae (Uchio)
Brizalina spissa (Cushman)
Brizalina subadvena Cushman
Brizalina subadvena serrata (Natland)
Buiimina aurioulata Bailey
Buiimina bavbata Cushman
Buiimina hoeglundi (Uchio)
Buiimina of. B. pupoides d'Orbigny
Buiimina pyrula spinesoens Brady
Buiimina striata mexieana Cushman
Buliminella tenuata Cushman
Caribeanella sp.
Cassidulina califomica Cushman & Hughes
Cassidulina delioata Cushman
Cassidulina lomitensis Galloway & Wissler
Cassidulina suboarinata Uchio
Cassidulinoides parkeTianus (Brady)
Chilostomella oolina Schwager
Chilostomellina fimbriata Cushman
Cibicides fletohevi? Galloway & Wissler
Cibioides mckannai Galloway & Wissler
Cribrostomoides Sr>.
Cribrostomoides subglobosum (Sars)
Cribrostomoides veleronis (Cushman & McCulloch)
Dentalina baggi Galloway & Wissler
Elphidium of. E. advenum (Cushman)
Epistominella paoifioa (Cushman)
Epistominella smithi (R.E. & K.C. Stewart)
Eponides subtener Galloway & Wissler
Fissuvina bradii Silvestri
Fuvsenkoina bvamlettei (Galloway & Morrey)
Fursenkoina rotundata (Parr)
Globigerina bulloides (d'Orbigny)
Globobulimina paeifioa Cushman
Gyroidina altifoxmis Cushman
Gyxoidina altiformis aouba Boomgaart
Gyroidina gemma Bandy
Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen
Haplophvagmoides of. H. tenuwn Cushman
Karreriella apioularis (Cushman)
Lagena amphora Reuss
Loxostomum pseudobeyrichi (Cushman)
-------
23
Table 3 (continued)
primaeva (Cushman)
Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny)
Neogloboquadvina paahyderma (d'Orbigny)
Nonionella basiloba Cushman & McCulloch
Non-ionetta mtocen-ica Cushman
Nonionetla miooen-ioa stella Cushman & Moyer
Nouria harris-i-i Heron-Allen and Earland
OvidoTsalis of. 0. tener (Brady)
Or-Ldorsal-i-s tener (Brady)
Planul-i-na sp.
Planul-Lna wuellevstoTf-l (Schwager)
~PleuTostome11a sp.
Pullen-ia malkinae Coryell & Mossman
Pyvgo of. P. mwevhyna (Schwager)
Reowevo-ides sp.
Reophax aurtis Cushman
Reophax dentalinaformis Brady
Reophax horridus Cushman
Reophax soorpiia>us Montfort
Reophax ? sp.
Reophax sitbfusifovmis Earland
Rh-Lsammina sp.
Saoocmi-na long-Looll-Ls (Weisner)
Thalmannanmina ? sp.
Tv-Ltax-is bullata (HSglund)
Tritaxis ? sp.
Tyocharrmina -inflata? (Montagu)
Tpocharnnina ? sp.
Tiwbovotalia soi-tula (Brady)
UvigeT-ina aubeviana d'Orbigny
Uwigevi-na oiuPt-iGOsta Cushman
Uv-igevina h-isp-ida Schwager
Uwigerina junsea Cushman & Todd
Uwiger"i-na pevegpina Cushman
UvigeT-Lna peregrina d'Lvupta Todd
Uvigerina ? sp.
-------
Table 4
Species and Number of Macroinyertebrates Collected from the
Farallon Islands Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites, 1977
C**Po]ychaetes collected
depth
d£pthS
?reVi°USly reP°rted from depths exceeding 1000 meters;
ln Present st^y and not previously reported from depths >1000 meters)
Species/Station Number:
Nematoda, unidentified
Nemertea, unidentified
Annelida - Hirudinea, unidentified
Annelida - Oligochaeta, unidentified
Annelida - PnlvrVmp<-a
13A
23
1
1
2A 47 39 41A
6 15 4 20
9
102
Otter Otter
Trawl Trawl
48 9-2-77 10-19-77 Barrel
3
1
Total
71
8
1
103
A
*
Aoesta lopezi lopezi
* Aaesta nr. assimilis
* Aoesta sp.
* Aglaophamus paucilamellata
* All-la pulohra
Allia ramosa
* Allia sp.
Ampharete arotioa
ampharetid, unidentified
ampharetid, juvenile
* Anobothcus gradlis
* Anobothrus tvilobatus
* Aphrodita japonioa
* * Apomatus tims-ii
* Asabellides sp.
""* "Chaetozone se.tosa
••"* Vhone eoaudata
COSSWPO. Candida
* Cosswca sp.
* Dovvillea batioa
55
1
1
2
36
1
2
2
12
10
1
3
4
- 55
6
22
3
2
5
2
67
1
10
1
1
1
1
5
4
7
4
,64
6
59
1
2
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Species/Station Number:
ISA, 2A -47 39 •• 41A
Otter Otter
Trawl Trawl
48 9-2-77 10-19-77 'Barrel
Total
Dviloneveis falcata ^
* ?Euchone vilifeva *• ,
* Euclymene sp.
5V* Eucranta anoculata ^
Ewnida tubiformis ^
** Ewnida sp. ,
** Eunereis sp. -
* Eunice sp.
* Fabrisabella vasculosa
* Fauveliopsis rugosa *•
* Glycera aapitata
* Glyphanostomium pallescens 12
Goniada brunnea -1- ,
** Harmothoe crassicirrata
Intoshella caeca
* Jasmineiva graoilis
Laetomonice pellucida
* Lanassa gracilis '
Lwnbrineris longensis
* Lumbrineris mininae
* Limbpineris sp. 1 „
^ B 17 S
** M.CL L>CLCffiTt& SCC^SIs - - _ _ . . .... ft_.f .... . _ ._ . . . _ _ _. _ _ _ . . .
* Maldane sp. -1-
. 15
w Mugga sp.
Myrioohele gracilis 1
v Eeanthes sp.
Nereis anoculis
v Nephtys comuta fvanciscana 3 , 3
** Neoamphitrite robusta
Neomediomastus glabrus 1
1
1
14
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
j.
1
8
1
1
1
1
«L
2
6
2
1
„,.
i. J
1
1
1
1 2
2
10
to
Ul
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Species/Station Number:
Otter Otter
Trawl Trawl
13A 2A 47 39 41A 48 9-2-77 10-19-77 Barrel
Total
*ffeosabellides sp.
*Nothria vibex
*Notomastus abyssalis
Nofemastus precocis
*Notomastus sp.
** Ophelia sp.
*oweniid, fragment
*Paiwa sp.
Pherusa papillata
Phylo nudus
*Piz>akia brunnea
Pvionospio steenstvupi
*Pvaxillella a. paoifioa
*Pseudoeux>ythoe abyssalis
Rhodine bitovquata
Sealibregma inflatim
* Sphaerodoropsis nr. ooulata
Spiophanes fimbriata
Stenelepis areolata
*Subadyte mexicana
Taubevia gTaoilis
Telepsaous costavwn
Tevebellides stroemi
^Thapyx sp .
**Typosyllis a. orientalis
Mollusca- - Pelecypoda
Cardiomya sp.
Delectopeeten sp.
Leptonidae sp . A
IT 1 I *.
1 143
i
JL
1
JL
10
2
2 2
32 i
1
_L
0
z.
1 1
1 L
JL H1
1 2 4 61
2 1 5
13 123 18
••" •*• *- -J J.U
2
2
1 1
5
10
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
10
2
1
4
1
33
1
2
3
£ O
DO
1
8
O T
37
2
1
2
2
to
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Species/Station Number:
Mollusca - Gastropoda
Crystallophrisson sp.
Soissupella orispata
Turridae
Mollusca - Scaphopoda
?DentaHum (L.) rectius
Arthropoda - Ostracoda
Cylindrolebendinae
Arthropoda - Isopoda
Lironeoa vulgavis
isopoda, unidentified
Arthropoda - Tanaidacea
LeptognatUia sp.
Arthropoda - Cumacea
Campylaspis sp.
Otter Otter
Trawl Trawl
13A 2A 47 39 41A 48 9-2-77 10-19-77 Barrel
20
Total
Leptonidae sp. B
Lucinidae
?Lucinidae
Maooma sp. A
Maooma sp. B
Nucula sp.
Nuculanidae
?Iotd'i>a monteTeyensis
loldia sp.
4 31 1
3
^
16
8
, <- O
15 2
3
1 23 !
6
36
1
16
8
8
3
25
6
2°
-j
-------
Table 4 (continued)
Species/Station Number:
Leuoon ? armatus
Leuoon subnasioa
Leuoon sulenaoica
Leuoon sp.
Arthropoda - Amphipoda
Ampelisoa posetioa
Ampelisoa sp.
Hetevophoxus oculatus
Eippomedon SP-
Lilqebovgia sp.
Lysianissidae sp.
Otter Otter
Trawl Trawl
ISA 2A 47 39 41A 48 9-2-77 10-19-77 Barrel
1
25
8
5
13
Total
1
1
— A '
Nioippe twnida
Photis sp.
?Protomedia sp.
Synohelidia sp.
gamma rids
Arthropoda - Mysidacea
mysid, unidentified
Arthropoda - Decapoda
decapod, unidentified
Echinodermata - Ophiuroidea
brittlestars
Echinodermata - Holothuroidea
sea cucumbers
Ectoprocta
ectoprocts
Number of Species
Number of Specimens
H^ ! 10 53
1 10 i
1 12
3 i
J J. 4
0
2 13
2
2 2
1 1
1 1
IT i
ill 4
1 2 3
+
23 31 15 20 24 50 16 6 9 194
132 383 36 26 115 295 35 8 25+ 1044+
00
-------
Table 5
Species and Number of Specimens of Foraminxfera Collected from
the Farallon Islands Radioactive Waste Disposal Site, 1977
Species
Aderootrema glomerata?
Alveolophragmium soitulum
Brizalina paaifica
Brizalina peirsonae
Brizalina spissa
Brizalina subadvena
Bvizalina subadvena servata
Bulimina aurioulata
Bulimina barbata
Bulimina hoeglundi
Bulimina ef. B. pupoides
Bulimina pyvula spinesoens
Bulimina stviata mexioana
Buiimineisi'a tenuai^a
Ca?ibeanella sp.
Cassidulina oaliforniea
Cassidulina delioata
Cassidulina lo-mitensis
Cassidulina suboavinata
Cassidulinoides parkerianus
Chilostomella oolina
Chilostomellina fimbriata
Planktonic
Benthonic
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
STATION NUMBE1
2A 13A Barrel 39
L* D* L D L D L D
5
996 3 1
£, L* \J -'
1
J.
11 1
11 1
19 34 36 51 21 1 26
12 1
J- ^
18 1 5
_L O •*•
1 59 5 1 14
1 1
1
49
6
i o i 1 1 20
_L J -*- •*•
i
8.
41A
L D
1
1
2
1
1
1 29
1
1
1 12
2
i. .I i — . i
47
L D
25
7
2
12
11
1
3
1
3
3 12
18
48
L D
1
14 38
2
4
15
1
5 17
3
NO
-------
Table 5 (continued)
Species
Cibioides fletohevi?
Cibioides mokannai
Cribrostomoides sp.
Cribrostomoides subglobosum
Cribrostomoides veleronis
Dentalina baggi
Elphidim of. E. advemm
Epistominella paoifioa
Epistominella smithi
Eponides subtener
Fissurina bradii
Fursenkoina bramlettei
Fursenkoina rotundata
Globigevina bulloides
Globobulimina paoifioa
Gyroidina altiformis
Gyroidina altifomis aouta
Gyroidina gemma
Gyvoidina neosoldanii
Haplophragmoides of. E. tenuwn
Kavreviella apioulavis
Lagena amphora
Loxostomum pseudobeyviohi
Mavtinotiella primaeva
Neogloboquadrina dutertrei
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
Nonionella basiloba
Nonionella miocenioa
STATION NUMBER
Planktonic
Benthonic
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
P
Jc
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
P
P
B
B
2A 13A Barrel 39
"ft A
LD LD LDLD
16 21 2
38
3
9 59 12 81 19 3
1 2
2
4 1
2
11 38
55 21
1
10
2 1 9
11 13 8
1
41A
L D
1
27
2
2
4
1
8
2
1
6
2
26
/.
47 48
LDLD
1
6 3 14
1
1 185 150
13 3
2
1
3
6 10 3 1
1
1
1
1
3
2
9 1
co
o
-------
Table 5 (continued)
- — •
Species
Nonionella miocenioa stella
Nouria hawisii
Oridorsalis of. 0. tener
Oridorsalis tenex>
Planulina sp.
Planulina wuellerstorfi
Pleupostomella sp.
Pullenia malkinae
Pyrgo of. P. murrhyna
Reeurvoides sp.
Reophax curtis
Reophax dentalinafomiis
Reophax horvidus
Reophax soovpiwcus
Reophax ? sp.
Reophax subfusiformis
Rhisammina sp.
Saooamina longioollis
Thalmannammina ? sp.
Tritaxis bullata
Tritaxis ? sp.
Troehammina inflata?
Troohammina ? sp.
Turborotalia seitula
Uvigerina aubeviana
Uvigerina euvticosta
Uvigerina hispida
Uvigerina junoea
Uvigevina peregrina
Planktonic
Benthonic
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
2
B
P
B
B
B
B
B
STATION NUMBER
2A 13A Barrel 39 41A 47
L*D*LD LD LDLDLD
1 1
1 5
3 1
~J
1
1 2
40
^
3
113 5 13
133 2
i 3
j. -'
i 1 7
1 J. ^
1 3
_i_
1 1
2
i •> 3
x •-•«• ->
1
1
1
53 2
2
8 14 2
i
24 16 10 50 14 26 1 46
48
L D
1
2
6
1 10
13
2
1 23
-------
Table 5 (continued)
Species
Uvigevina peregvina dirupta
Uvigerina ? sp.
TOTAL PLANKTONIC SPECIMENS:
TOTAL BENTHONIC SPECIMENS:
Number of Living Species
STATION NUMBER
Planktonic 2A 13A Barrel 39 41A 47 48
Benthonic L* D* L D LDLDLDLDLD
B 1 4
B 1 1
24 14 56 30 12 3
57 118 97 248 72 11 307 2 147 11 373 27 309
8 16 0 7 2 4 6
L and D denote living and dead specimens
OJ
to
-------
33
Table 6
List of Polychaetous Annelids Reported Offshore from
California in Depths Greater than 1000 Meters
Family Aphroditidae
Aphrodita longipalpa Essenberg
Aphrodita parva Moore
La.etmoni.oe pvoducta wyvillei Mclntosh
Family Polynoidae
Admetella hastigerens Chamberlin
Antinoella anooulata (Moore)
Bathymoorea renotubulata (Moore)
Eunoe barbata Moore
Gat-tyana loTwmea Hartman
Harmothoe forcipata (Marenzeller)
Harmothoe fragiHs (Moore)
Earmothoe scriptoria Moore
Harmothoe tenebrioosa Moore
Hesperonoe laewis Hartman
Intoshella caeca (Moore)
Lag-Lsoa lamellifera (Marenzeller)
Lagisoa mult-isetosa Moore
Lagisca yokohamiensis Mclntosh
Lepidasthenia interrupta (Marenzeller)
MacellicepTmla? aeieulata (Moore)
Macellicephala remigata (Moore)
?Polynoe filamentosa Moore
Panthalis pacifica Treadwell
Family Sigalionidae
Leanira a~Uba Moore
Leanira Calais Hartman
Pholoe gldbva Hartman
Sthenelais verruculosa Johnson
Sthenelepis aveolata (Mclntosh)
Family Pisionidae
Pisione remota (Southern)
Family Amphinomidae
Pseudeurythoe cmbigua (Monro)
Family Euphrosinidae
Euphrosine paucibranehiata Hartman
Family Phyllodocidae
Anaitides groenlandica (Oersted)
Anaitides madeirensis (Langerhans)
Anaitides multiseriata Rioja
Euldtia bilineata (Johnston)
-------
Table 6 (continued)
34
Family Phyllodocidae (continued)
Eimida bifoliata (Moore)
Eumida tub-iformis (Moore)
Genetyllis castanea (Marenzeller)
Notophyllvm imbrication Moore
Paranaitis polynoides (Moore)
Phyllodoce sp,
Family Alciopidae
Alciopina tenuis (Apstein)
Family Lacydonidae
Pavalacydonia pavadoxa Fauvel
Family Tomopteridae
Tomopteris septentx>ionaHs Steenstrup
Family Pilargidae
Aneistrosyll-Ls brevioeps Hartman
Ancistrosyllis hamata (Hartman)
Family Syllidae
Eaxigonella brunnea Hartman
Pionosyllis gigantea Moore
Typosyllis alternata (Moore)
Family Nereidae
Cevatocephale loveni pao-if-iea Hartman
Cevatonereis paus-identata (Moore)
Euneve-is caeca Hartman
Nereis anoculis Hartman
Family Nephtyidae
Nephtys punctata Hartman
Nephtys rickettsi Hartman
Nephtys schmitti Hartman
Nephtys squamosa Ehlers
Family Sphaerodoridae
Sphaerodoridiwn bisevialis (Berkeley and Berkeley)
Spnaevodovidium sphaerulifev (Moore)
Sphaerodomm brevicapitis Moore
Sphaevodomm papill-ifer Moore
Family Glyceridae
Glycera cmericana Leidy
Glycera bx>anchippoda Moore
Glyceva capitata Oersted
Glycera oxycephala Ehlers
Glycera tesselata Grube
Family Goniadidae
Goniada annulata Moore
Goniada bvunnea Treadwell
-------
Table 6 (continued)
35
Family Onuphidae
Diopatra tridentata Hartman
Eyalinoeeia tubicola stvicta Moore
Nothria hiabidentata Moore
Nothria pallida Moore
Onuphis nebulosa Moore
Family Eunicidae
Marphysa disjunota Hartman
Mavphysa stylobvanchiata Moore
Family Lumbrineridae
Lumbx>ine?is bioivyata Treadwell
Lumbrinevis oaliforniensis Hartman
LumbrinevLs ovuzensis Hartman
Limbx-iner-is index Moore
Lwnbrineris inflates. Moore
Lumbrinepis longensis Hartman
LumbvineTis moorei Hartman
Lwnbrineris tetraux*a (Schmarda)
Ninoe fusaa Moore
Ninoe gemmea Moore
Family Arabellidae
falcata Moore
oatiforniensis Hartman
Family Dorvilleidae
"Dowillea artioulata (Hartman)
Family Orbiniidae
Califia oalida Hartman
Naineris unoinata Hartman
Phylo nudus (Moore)
Scoloplos aameceps profundus Hartman
Family Paraonidae
Aoesta lopezi lopezi (Berkeley and Berkeley)
Acesta lopezi rubra (Hartman)
Aedicira antennata (Annekova)
AediciTa ramosa (Annekova)
Apicidea neosuecica (Hartman)
Arieidea sueoioa (Eliason)
CiTTOp'hoTUS acioutabus (Hartman)
Cirrophorus fupoatus (Hartman)
Taube-ria g-raoilis (Tauber)
Taubevia oculaba (Hartman)
Family Apistobranchidae
Apistobranohus ornatus (Hartman)
-------
Table 6 (continued)
36
Family Spionidae
Laonioe foliata (Moore)
Loon-lee saaoulata (Moore)
Nerinides pigmentata (Reish)
Polydora spongicola (Berkeley and Berlceley)
Prionospio cirrifera Wiren
Prionospio pinnata Ehlers
Prionospio steenstvupi Malmgren
Spiophanes anoculata Hartman
Spiophanes bombyx (Claparede)
Spiophanes fimbriata Moore
Spiophanes pallidus Hartman
Family Magelonidae
Magelona pacifica
Monro
Family Disomidae
Disoma franciseanum
Hartman
Family Chaetopteridae
Phyllochaetopterus limniaolus Hartman
Telepsavus Gostavm Claparede
Family Cirratulidae
Caullepiella gpaoilis Hartman
Chaetozone armata Hartman
Chaetozone gvaoilis (Moore)
Chaetozone spinosa Moore
Civratulus oirratus (Muller)
Thapyx monilaris Hartman
Tharyx tesselata Hartman
Family Cossuridae
Cossura Candida
Hartman
Family Flabelligeridae
Brada villosa (Rathke)
Fauveliopsis glabva (Hartman)
Hyphagus ilyvestis Hartman
Pherusa papillata (Johnson)
Family Scalibregmidae
Aselerooheilus oalifoimiaus Hartman
Oncosoolex pacificus (Moore)
Scalibregma inflatum Rathke
Family Opheliidae
Ammotrypane aulogast&p Rathke
Arniotmjpane pallida Hartman
Polyophthalmus tvansluoens Hartman
Travisia bvevis Moore
Travisia foetida Hartman
-------
Table 6 (continued)
37
Family Capitellidae
Neohetevomastus linens Hartman
Neomedi-omastus glabrus (Hartman)
Notomastus preooois Hartman
Family Maldanidae
Asyohis nr. gotoi (Izuka)
Asyehis laoera (Moore)
Clymenopsis cal-iforniensis Hartman
Euolymene vetioulata Moore
Lumbm-e'lymene linens Hartman
Maldane glebifex Grube
Nioomaohe lumbvioalis (Fabricius)
Notoproetus pacificus (Moore)
Prax-illella trifila Hartman
Praxillura maeulata Moore
Rhodine bitorquata Moore
Family Oweniidae
Myvi-oo'he'le gvaoilis
Myvioohele pygidial-is
Hartman
Hartman
Family Ampharetidae
Amage aT-Letioovnuta Moore
Amelinna abyseal-is Hartman
Amelinna armipotens (Moore)
Ampharete aeutifvons (Grube)
Amp'har'ete arctioa Malmgren
Amphicteis scaphobranehiata Moore
Lysippe annectens Moore
Uelinna heterodon-ta Moore
Melinnampharete graoilis Hartman
Melinnexis moove-L Hartman
Family Terebellidae
Pista disjuncta Moore
Pista faseiata (Grube)
Family Trichobranchidae
Terebellides ehlersi Mclntosh
Terebellides stroemi Sars
Family Sabellidae
Megalomma splendida (Moore)
Potamethus muoTonatus (Moore)
-------
38
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1. Bathymetric map of the dumpsite area showing sample
locations and types of samples collected
2. Anterior end of the polychaete Tauberia gracing, redrawn
after Hartman, 1969
3. Anterior end of the polychaete AlUa pulchrar redrawn after
Strelov, 1979
4. Polychaete Chaetozone setosar redrawn after Hartman, 1969
5. Anterior end of the polychaete £as_sjir.a Candida, redrawn
after Hartman, 1969
6. Benthonic foraminiferan Bulimina auriculata
7. Benthonic foraminiferan Bulimine? ],a tenuata
8. Benthonic foraminiferan Epistomineljia pacifica
9. Benthonic foraminiferan Uvigerina peregrina
10. Benthonic foraminiferan Bulimina striata mexicana
11. Benthonic foraminiferan Chilostompii inp, fimbriata
12. Benthonic foraminiferan Cribroatomni^p subalohnanm
13. Benthonic foraminiferan Globobuliinina pacifica
14. Benthonic foraminiferan Planulina wuellerstprfi
15. Benthonic foraminiferan Reophax
16. Benthonic foraminiferan Uvigerina hispida
-------
07' 06' IZ3°OS'W
ISOBATH CONTOUR INTERVAL: 2» METERS
I I
FIGURE 1.
0 MITERS
M. B. .LEWIS - CARTOGRAPHER-IEC
FARAU.ON ISLANDS RADIOACTIVE WASTE
DISPOSAL SITE STUDY AREA
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION A6ENCY SURVEY
AUCUST - OCTOBER 1977
BOX CORE 0 NISKIN CAST O
STD CAST X WATER SAMPIE 0
OTTER TRAWL D> -t
MIDWATER TRAWL WWT) o-
-------
40
Prostomium
Setae
bristles)
Branchiae
(gills)
Figure 2. Anterior end of the polychaete Tauberia gracilis
-------
41
Antenna
Nuchal Groove
"Parapodium; with
^Dorsal Cirrus and Setae-
Figure 3. Anterior end of the polychaete Allia pulchra.
-------
42
Prostomium
Branchia
(gills)
Setae
(bristles)
Figure 4. Polychaete Chaetozone setosa
-------
43
Setae
(bristles)
Prostomium
Tentacle
Figure 5. Anterior end of the polychaete Cossura Candida.
-------
44
Figure 6
Bulimina auriculata
(X 104)
Foraminifera
-------
45
Figure 7
Buliminella tenuata
(X 190)
Foraminifera
-------
46
Figure 8
Epistominella pacifica
(X 232)
Foraminifera
-------
47
Figure 9
Uvigerina p.eregrina
(X 149)
Foraminifera
-------
48
Figure 10
Eulimina striata mexicana
(X 305)
Foraminifera
-------
49
Figure 11
Chilostomellina fimbriata
(X 229)
Foraminifera
-------
50
ELgure 12
Cribros tomoides subglobosum
(X 126)
Foraminifera
-------
51
Figure 13
Globobulimina pacifica
(X 162)
Foraminifera
-------
52
Figure 14
Planulina wuellerstorfi
(X 80)
Foraminifera
-------
53
Figure 15
Reophax horridus
(X 57)
Foraminifera
-------
54
Figure 16
Uvigerina hispida
(X 148)
Foraminifera
-------
1. REPORT NO.
EPA 520/1-83-006
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
\. TITLE AND SUBTITLE .
Survey of the Marine Benthic Infauna Collected from tne
United States Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites off the
Farallon Islands, California
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Donald J. Reish, Ph.D.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Biology
California State University at Long Beach
Long Beach, California 90840
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Radiation Programs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
I. RECIPIENT'S; ACCESSION NO.
REPORT DATE
November 1983
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Purchase Order Number
WA-7-2272-A
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
ANR-461
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Benthic biological samples were taken in 1977 from the vicinity of the
Farallon Islands radioactive waste disposal sites for characterization of the
infaunal macroinvertebrates and foraminifera. Six quantitative sediment
samples were taken with a box core, and two non-quantitative samples were
collected with an otter trawl at depths of 900m to 1700m. A sample was also
taken from the surface of a radioactive waste container which was recovered
from a depth of 730m for subsequent analysis at Brookhaven National Laboratory
A total of 120 invertebrate species were collected, of which 75 species
(63 percent) were polychaetes. Forty-three of these polychaete species have
not previously been reported from depths greater than 1000m. A total of 1044
macroinvertebrate specimens were collected of which 54 percent were
polychaetes. Only the nematods were present at all six benthic stations, but
the community structure was dominated by the polychaetes Tauberia gracilis,
Allia pulchra, Chaetozone setosa, and Gossura Candida. Living and dead
foraminifera were reported. The possible role of polychaetes in bioturbation
and in the marine food chain is briefly discussed with respect to the various
polychaete feeding mechanisms. ; .
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
ocean disposal
ocean dumpsite surveys
low-level radioactive waste disposal
marine benthic biology
marine polychaetes
marine foraminifera
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited Release
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
cos AT l Field/Group
21. NO. OF PAGES
65
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
•fr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1983 — 421-545
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