United States Solid Waste and
Environmental Protection Emergency Response EPA530-B-92-003
Agency (OS-341) April1992
&EPA Compendium of
ORD and OSWER
Documents Relevant
to RCRA Corrective
Action
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Compendium of
ORD and OSWER Documents
Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
Permits and State Programs Division
March 1992
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Preface
This document was prepared by NUS Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland, and
updated by LABAT-ANDERSON Incorporated of Arlington, Virginia, for the Permits and
State Programs Division, Office of Solid Waste. Most of the information in the cited
documents addresses technical aspects of corrective or remedial actions. However, some
documents also focus on procedural aspects of program implementation. Because some
technical documents were prepared a number of years ago, Agency policy contained in
those documents may not reflect current policy. Therefore, documents listed in this
Compendium should be used only for their technical information.
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Introduction
Throughout the past decade, several offices within the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) have been involved in hazardous waste management technologies
research, remedial action at chemically contaminated sites, and regulatory
development for permitting hazardous waste management facilities. The primary
offices involved in these activities include the Office of Research and Development
(ORD) and the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). During
this period, substantial knowledge and experience have been gained relevant to the
applicability of remedial action technologies in various environmental settings.
Currently, OSWER is developing regulations on corrective action for solid waste
management units—Section 3004(u) of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Corrective
Action program consists of three primary phases: (1) the RCRA Facility Assessment
(RFA), which is aimed at identifying known and suspected releases of hazardous
wastes or hazardous constituents to the environment; (2) the RCRA Facility
Investigation (RFI), which consists of media-specific field investigations to
characterize the nature, extent, and rate of contaminant migration through the various
environmental media; and (3) Corrective Measures Study/Implementation. This last
phase, generally termed Corrective Measures, consists of actions undertaken by both
facility owners or operators and regulatory agencies that are aimed at selecting and
implementing appropriate remedies at facilities subject to RCRA permitting
requirements that have contaminant releases of concern. Detailed regulations and
guidance for implementing this phase are currently being prepared by OSWER.
The purpose of this summary of ORD and OSWER documents relevant to RCRA
corrective action is to provide Regional and State regulatory personnel and facility
owners or operators with a concise overview of the available guidances and technical
reports on remedial action technologies, site assessment, health assessment,
construction techniques and procedures, costing techniques, and quality
assurance/quality control procedures. The purpose, scope, and technical approach of
the more than 50 documents have been summarized. Also, the applicability of each
document to RCRA corrective measures implementation has been evaluated. Copies
of the complete documents listed in this Compendium may be obtained at the
addresses and telephone numbers given below:
• ORD published documents can be obtained through the ORD Publications
Department at:
U.S. EPA
ORD Publications
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513) 569-7562 (commercial) or 684-7562 (FTS)
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Requesters should have correct publication numbers (and titles, if known) for
"600" and "540" series documents. Three or fewer documents may be requested
by phone. Written requests may also be sent to the above address, particularly
when requesting more than three documents.
Guidance documents in the "530" series and OSWER Policy Directives in the
"9400" and "9500" that are not available from NTIS, can be obtained by writing
the RCRA Docket Information Center or by writing or calling the RCRA
/Superfund Hotline at 1-800-424-9346.
U.S. EPA
RCRA Docket Information Center (OS-305)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
• Most documents have designated National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
numbers. Generally, any document with a "PB" number must be purchased at:
NTIS
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22165
(703) 487-4650
In addition to the documents included in this Compendium, the various EPA offices
have developed supplementary technical guidances. In October 1987, OSWER issued
the Hazardous Waste Bibliography, which classifies the various documents into four
separate lists that distinguish the documents' utility and currency. All documents in
the "A Prime" and "A" lists (that is, those documents considered the most frequently
consulted and the most critical to the program) that have not been included in this
Compendium are listed in Appendix A. For further information on these documents,
the reader should consult the Hazardous Waste Bibliography.
Table 1-1 lists the documents included in this Compendium, classified in the
following categories:
Remedial Action Technical Guidance: Multimedia
Remedial Action Technical Guidance: Media-Specific
Site Assessment and Health Assessment
Construction Techniques/Procedures
Costing Techniques
Quality Assurance/Quality Control Guidance Documents
Program Guidance Documents
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Table 1-1—ORD and OSWER Documents Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
(Page 1 of 3)
Category
Document Title
Issuing
Office
Page
Remedial Action
Technical Guidance:
Multimedia
Mobile Treatment Technologies for
Superfund Wastes
Guidance on Cleanup of Surface Tank
and Drum Sites
Guidance Document on Cleanup of Surface
Impoundment Sites
Modeling Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled
Hazardous Waste Sites
Slurry Trench Construction for Pollution
Migration Control
Compatibility of Grouts with Hazardous
Wastes
Systems to Accelerate In-Situ Stabilization
of Waste Deposits
Handbook for Evaluating Remedial Action
Technology Plans
RCRA Corrective Action Interim Measures
OSWER/OERR 7
OSWER/OERR 9
OSWER/OERR 11
OSWER/OERR/ORD 13
ORD/HWERL 15
ORD/HWERL 17
ORD/HWERL 19
ORD/MERL 21
OSWER/OWPE 23
Remedial Action
Technical Guidance:
Media-Specific
Groundwater
Surface Water
Leachate Plume Management ORD/RREL
Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate OSWER/ORD/MERL
Corrective Measures for Releases to Ground OSWER/OSW
Water from Solid Waste Management Units
Guidance on Remedial Actions for OSWER/OERR
Contaminated Ground Water at
Superfund Sites
Discharge of Waste Water from CERCLA
Sites into Publicly Owned Treatment
Works (POTWs)
Corrective Measures for Releases to
Surface Water
OSWER/OERR
OSWER/OSW
28
30
32
34
36
37
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Table 1-1—ORD and OSWER Documents Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
(Page 2 of 3)
Category
Document Title
Issuing
Office
Page
Soils
Air
Subsurface Gas
Treatment of Contaminated Soils with
Aqueous Surfactants
Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification
of Hazardous Waste
Corrective Measures for Releases to Soil
from Solid Waste Management Units
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques
for Contaminated Surface Soils,
Volume 1—Technical Evaluation
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques
for Contaminated Surface Soils,
Volume 2—Background Information for
In-Situ Treatment
Technical Resource Document: Design,
Construction, and Operation of Hazardous
and Non-hazardous Waste Surface Impoundments
ORD/HWERL
ORD/HWERL
OSWER/OSW
ORD/HWERL
ORD/HWERL
OSWER/ORD/RREL
In-Situ Methods to Control Emissions ORD/HWERL
from Surface Impoundments and Landfills
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures— OSWER/OSW
Determining Appropriate Technology and
Response for Air Releases
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures— OSWER/OSW
Subsurface Gas
39
41
43
45
47
49
50
52
54
Site Assessment and
Health Assessment
Guidance for Conducting Remedial
Investigations and Feasibility Studies
(RI/FS) Under CERCLA
Human Health Evaluation Manual,
Volumes I and II
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual
Endangerment Assessment Handbook
ORD/OERR/OWPE 59
OSWER/OERR 61
OSWER/OERR 63
OSWER/OWPE 65
Construction Field Standard Operating Procedures (FSOP)
Techniques/Procedures RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA) Guidance
RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance
OSWER/OERR
OSWER/OSW
OSWER/OSW
69
71
73
Costing Techniques
Remedial Action Costing Procedures Manual
Removal Cost Management Manual
OSWER/OERR
OSWER/OERR
76
78
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Table 1-1—ORD and OSWER Documents Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
(Page 3 of 3)
Category
QA/QC Guidance A Con
Document Title
ipendium of Superfund Field
Issuing
Office
OSWER/OERR
Page
80
Documents
Operations
Data Quality Objectives for Remedial
Response Activities, Volumes 1 and 2
User's Guide to the Contract Laboratory
Program
OSWER/OERR/OWPE 82
OSWER/OERR 84
Program Guidance
Documents
RCRA Corrective Action Plan
Stabilization Technologies for RCRA
Corrective Actions
National Contingency Plan (NCP),
40 CFR Part 300
Superfund Remedial Design and Remedial
Action Guidance
Community Relations in Superfund:
A Handbook (Interim Guidance)
Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Project
Management Handbook
Superfund State-Lead Remedial Project
Management Handbook
State and Local Involvement in the
Superfund Program
Policy on Floodplains and Wetlands
Assessments for CERCLA Actions
Interim Guidance on Potentially
Responsible Party Participation in
Remedial Investigations and Feasibility
Studies/Revisions to the Interim
Guidance on PRP Participation in
Remedial Investigations and Feasibility
Studies
OSWER/OWPE 87
ORD/CERI 89
OSWER/OERR 90
OSWER/OERR 92
OSWER/OERR 94
OSWER/OERR 94
OSWER/OERR 98
OSWER/OERR 100
OSWER/OERR 102
OSWER/OWPE 103
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Remedial Action Technical Guidance: Multimedia
This section reviews and summarizes a total of 10 multimedia remedial action
technical guidance documents with respect to their applicability to the RCRA
corrective measures program. Generally, these documents would be especially useful
during the evaluation and selection of potential corrective measures. The documents
describe various corrective measure technologies that can be implemented during
corrective measures activities, including mobile treatment technologies, slurry trench
construction, and in-situ waste stabilization. These summaries follow.
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Guidance Document Name:
*.
Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes
EPA/540/2-86/003F (PB87-135859)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, September 1986
Environmental Media Covered: Soil, air, ground water, surface water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides an overview of currently and potentially available mobile treatment
technologies for use on Superfund sites.
• Discusses the capabilities and limitations of five broad treatment categories and
specific technologies within each category.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Intended to provide project planners, on-scene coordinators, and remedial project
managers with information on the applicability and capabilities of mobile
treatment as an alternative to land disposal. Would be most useful during the
feasibility study phase of a Superfund remedial action.
Technical Approach:
• Technologies for thermal .treatment, immobilization, chemical treatment, physical
treatment, and biological treatment are discussed. Each technology description
. includes—
- Process description
- Waste type handled
- Restrictive waste characteristics
- Required onsite facilities/capabilities
— Environmental impacts
- Costs
- Commercial applications
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This provides a more detailed discussion than does the "Superfund Strategy"
(U.S. OTA, 1985) on the waste types (including particular chemicals) for which
each treatment process can be used. This also discusses required onsite
capabilities (such as electrical and water supplies or pumps) for each mobile
technology.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides information on mobile treatment technologies to be used as an
alternative to land disposal or permanent onsite treatment units.
• This is most useful during the corrective measures study of a RCRA corrective
action.
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Guidance Document Name:
Guidance on Cleanup of Surface Tank and Drum Sites
EPA/9380.0-03 (PB87-110672)
Originating Office:
U,.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response . • • _
Status: Final, May 1985
Environmental Media Covered:
Does not specifically address any environmental media. Primary focus is
containerized waste treatment.
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides a concise description of the necessary steps to implement surface
remedial actions for the cleanup of surface tanks and drums within the provisions
of the National Contingency Plan.
• Designed to be used under the direction of any engineer or scientist experienced
in hazardous waste remedial projects.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides guidance for conducting a limited remedial investigation and a limited
feasibility study (a limited remedial investigation refers to an investigation of one,
problem area or source of contamination at a facility, within a relatively short
time period, and a limited feasibility study corresponds to a limited remedial
investigation).
• Provides general guidance on the basic approach to developing contracts for
remedial actions at tank and drum sites.
• Presents a generic process for choosing treatment technologies for uncontrolled
tank and drum sites.
Technical Approach: „ •
• Flow charts are used to present a logical sequence of decisions and activities for
the implementation of remedial actions.
• Section 2.0 reviews the steps to conduct a remedial investigation to estimate the
characteristics and quantities of wastes stored in aboveground tanks and drums.
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• Section 3.0 presents steps for the evaluation and recommendation of a
cost-effective and environmentally sound remedial alternative for wastes stored in
drums and tanks.
* Section 4.0 reviews typical remedial design and remedial action issues that may
be unique to tank and drum sites.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document is designed to be used in conjunction with EPA's guidance
documents on conducting remedial investigations: "Guidance for Conducting
Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA."
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• Because the document addresses only containerized waste treatment, it would be
most useful in outlining the special considerations required for implementing
corrective measures for RCRA tank storage units.
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Guidance Document Name:
Guidance Document on Cleanup of Surface Impoundment Sites
EPA/9380.0-06 (PB87-110664)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, July 1986
Environmental Media Covered: Soil, ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides a concise definition of the necessary steps to implement surface remedial
actions for the cleanup of surface impoundments under CERCLA.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides a systematic approach for conducting a limited remedial investigation
and a limited feasibility study at National Priorities List sites having one or more
surface impoundments.
Technical Approach:
• Presents a classification scheme designed to evaluate the complexity of a surface
impoundment site, which will determine the required scope of the limited
remedial investigation. This classification scheme is based on—
- Depth to ground-water table
- Integrity of surface impoundment
- Permeability of soils
• Discusses the four main components of a limited remedial investigation in terms
of their purpose, techniques, and limitations. Steps for a limited remedial
investigation are outlined in a flow diagram.
• Provides guidance for the evaluation and selection of an appropriate remedy,
either temporary or final.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is designed to be used in conjunction with EPA's guidance documents on
conducting remedial investigations and feasibility studies—for example,
"Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under
CERCLA."
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This is useful in evaluating potential corrective measures for releases from surface
impoundments.
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Guidance Document Name:
Modeling Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
EPA/540/2-85/001 (PB85-211357)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Office of Research and Development
Status: Final, April 1988
Environmental Media Covered:
Surface water, ground water, and soil; air and fugitive dust emissions are discussed
peripherally, but the reader is referred to other documents for a detailed discussion
of these media.
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides guidance on the selection and use of models for the purpose of
• evaluating the effectiveness of remedial actions at uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Is most useful in the feasibility study portion of a Superfund remedial action.
• Provides guidance to State and Regional staff on the need for and the selection
and use of analytical and numerical methods for modeling remedial actions.
• Addresses modeling assumptions and limitations, required model dimensionality,
resource availability, and data needs.
Technical Approach:
Volume 1—Selection of Models for Remedial Assessment
• Provides model selection methodology based on flow charts and matrices and
guidance for State or Regional staff in assessing the need for predictive models at
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Volume 2—Simplified Methods for Subsurface and Waste Control Actions
• Compilation of analytical and semi-analytical methods for evaluating subsurface
and waste control remedial actions, addressing model assumptions and
limitations.
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Volume 3—Numerical Modeling of Surface, Subsurface, and Waste Control Actions
• Guidance for use of numerical models for sites where more detailed analyses are
required and where sufficient resources are available.
Volume 4—Analytical and Numerical Models for the Evaluation of Remedial Actions
in Surface Water
• Guidance for modeling remedial actions at sites with surface-water contamination.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is broader in applicability and interpretation than other remedial action
technical quidance documents. Numerical and analytical modeling techniques
could be applied to a variety of remedial action techniques and environmental
media.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
* This would be useful in the preliminary stages of a corrective measures study to
evaluate which models are appropriate to predict contaminant transport and to
predict the effectiveness of proposed corrective measures.
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Guidance Document Name:
Slurry Trench Construction for Pollution Migration Control
EPA/540/2-84/001 (PB84-177831)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
Status: Final, February 1984
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides reviewers of remedial action plans with the necessary background
material to evaluate portions of the plan addressing pollution migration control
slurry walls.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Discusses early development and use of slurry trench construction techniques.
• Describes the following—
- What types of slurry walls can be expected to help control pollution migration
- Current theories regarding the functions of bentonite slurries and various
backfill materials
- Typical slurry wall configurations
- Other slurry wall configurations
- Other remedial measures appropriate for use in conjunction with slurry walls
- Procedures for planning a slurry wall configuration
Technical Approach:
• Discusses properties and performance of three primary types of slurries:
bentonite, soil-bentonite, and cement-bentonite.
• Describes vertical and horizontal slurry wall configurations.
• Discusses associated remedial measures and practices, such as ground-water
pumping, collection and drainage systems, and surface sealing.
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• Describes types and extent of site investigation and characterization necessary to
determine the feasibility of using a slurry wall, including—
- Physical constraints
- Subsurface investigations
- Wastes and leachates
- Compatibility testing
• Describes slurry wall design and construction techniques.
• Discusses the need for and requirements of a slurry wall monitoring and
maintenance program.
• Itemizes the cost elements of installing a slurry wall, such as—
— Unit cost
- Construction activities
- Materials
- Equipment
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• The focus of this document is on traditional (that is, construction industry)
application and designs for slurry walls, as compared with "Compatibility of
Grouts With Hazardous Wastes" (EPA, 1984), which discusses the known effects
of chemical groups commonly found in landfill leachate on the setting time and
durability of common slurries or grouts.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This would be useful during the study and selection of potential corrective
measures and during the development of corrective measures design.
• This describes appropriate situations for the use of slurry walls, the properties
and performance of slurry walls, and the need for monitoring and maintaining
various types of slurry walls.
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Guidance Document Name:
Compatibility of Grouts with Hazardous Wastes
EPA/600/2-84/015 (PB84-139732)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
Status: Final, January 1984
Environmental Media Covered: No direct discussion of any environmental medium
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Compiles data on the compatibility and durability of grouts in the presence of
hazardous wastes and leachates, and summarizes the test procedures available to
measure grout durability.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Presents the known effects of chemical groups commonly found in landfills on the
setting time and durability of each grout in a soil matrix.
• Describes the laboratory tests that should be performed to establish the
compatibility of chemicals with grouts.
• Would be most useful during the' feasibility study and remedial investigation
stages of a Superfund action.
Technical Approach:
• Discusses 12 kinds of grouts in terms of—
- Physical and chemical properties
- Reaction theory
- Known chemical compatibility
• Uses a series of matrices to present the known and predicted effects of different
chemical groups on the setting time and durability of the various grouts currently
in use.
• Describes the laboratory tests that should be performed to establish the
compatibility of chemicals with grouts, including a very general discussion of
advantages, disadvantages, and sources of error associated with different testing
methods.
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document provides the guidance necessary to determine waste/slurry
compatibility through treatability studies, as compared with "Slurry Trench
Construction for Pollution Migration Control," which contains guidance for
traditional slurry wall design and construction.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This would provide guidance for the design of a remedy selected during a
corrective measures study; in particular, it would provide a methodology for
performing a treatability study to determine waste/grout compatibility for a
particular corrective measure.
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Guidance Document Name:
Systems to Accelerate In-Situ Stabilization of Waste Deposits
EPA/540/2-86/002 (PB87-112306)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
Status: Final, September 1986
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water, soil
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides the essential elements of in-situ waste stabilization methods—
- Selection of a chemical or biological agent that can react with and stabilize the
waste
- Method for the delivery of the reactant to the deposit
- Method for the recovery of the reaction products or mobilized wastes
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Serves as a guidance document with respect to potential technologies for in-situ
waste stabilization as they currently exist (that is, in their conceptual or
developmental stage).
• Presents a methodology for the selection of delivery and recovery systems.
• Would be useful during the remedial investigation and feasibility study stages of
a Superfund action.
Technical Approach:
• Briefly describes several delivery/recovery systems in terms of the
hydrogeologic/soil features, including depth of the waste deposit from the surface
and depth to the water table, that would give preference to that method.
Quantitative methods are described for determining the hydrogeologic
parameters.
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• Gives information taken form the literature, reports on demonstration studies, and
personal communications on—
- Biodegradation methods
- Surfactant-assisted flushing
- Hydrolysis
- Chemical oxidation
* Provides guidance on the use of stabilization technologies at specific sites.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is similar in scope to the "Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of
Hazardous Waste" and "Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for
Contaminated Surface Soils," Volumes 1 and 2. Although similar in methodology
to this guidance document, the "Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of
Hazardous Waste" is not limited to in-place stabilization techniques. "Review of
In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils," Volumes 1 and 2,
provides the most detailed discussion of the soil and waste characteristics that .
affect contaminant transport and fate.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This would be useful during a corrective measures study.
• This would have limited applicability for corrective measures implementation,
although the document is more geared toward the planning stages of a RCRA
corrective action.
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Guidance Document Name:
Handbook for Evaluating Remedial Action Technology Plans
EPA/500/2-82/076 (PB84-118249)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory
Status: Draft, August 1983
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water, surface water, contaminated soil, air
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides an outline of technical information that potentially could be used to
evaluate long-term remedial action plans for controlling or treating wastes or
leachates at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Intended audience includes those
involved in the review of preliminary engineering reports on formal designs of
remedial actions at the waste sites.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Contains information on more than 50 remedial action technologies. A brief
description, status, factors for determining feasibility and reliability, principal data
requirements, and basic information for cost review are given for each technology.
In addition, a general discussion of the pathways and associated remedial
approaches and monitoring techniques has been included, organized by media.
Technical Approach:
• Section 2 describes general approaches to remedy problems in five media that can
become contaminated by hazardous substances released at an uncontrolled site:
ground water/leachate, surface water, soil, waste, and air. Sections 3 and 4
describe individual technologies and engineering methods. Section 3 describes
technologies for the physical control and containment of hazardous constituents in
the five media. Section 4 describes treatment technologies for leachate, waste, and
contaminated soil. Information in Sections 3 and 4 is presented in the following
format—
- Description of the technology
- Availability of the technology
- Feasibility and effectiveness—technical factors important in understanding and
reviewing the technology
- Major factors that determine the performance of the technology
- Site-specific data necessary for the design of the technology
- Information for analyzing technology cost estimates
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• Section 5 presents a general discussion of monitoring techniques for use during
remedial activities and during the postclosure custodial period. A discussion of
monitoring wells in the format of Sections 3 and 4 is also provided.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document is more specific in applicability than "Guidance for Conducting
Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA." Unlike that
document, this document does not provide a methodology for the development
for remedial alternatives. However, it does provide technical evaluations of more
than 50 remedial action alternatives.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This is useful in all phases of a corrective measures study, from the preliminary
consideration of a variety of treatment technologies to the evaluation of selected
corrective measures. It is particularly useful for Agency review of the feasibility,
expected performance, design, and cost of alternatives proposed by the owner/
operator in a corrective measures study.
* It has limited use in the implementation of corrective measures; it describes
monitoring techniques and postclosure custodial care.
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Guidance Document Name:
RCRA Corrective Action Interim Measures
Control No. 9902.4 (PB91-139881)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement
Status: Final, June 1987
Environmental Media Covered:
Ground water, surface water, soils, air, gas migration
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• For use by Regional (and State) enforcement staff for developing language in
RCRA §3008(h) enforcement orders for guiding the implementation of interim
measures. Specific interim measures for the following types of waste
management units are specified—
- Containers -
- Surface impoundments
— Landfills
- Waste piles
- Tanks
• In addition, interim measures have been identified for the following media
and/or pollution events—
- Ground water
- Surface water
- Gas migration
- Air emissions
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Identifies and lists the various types of interim measures that have been used at
various Superfund sites for potential use at RCRA sites.
Technical Approach:
• An implementation strategy and a set of decision criteria for use in the
development of interim measures language in RCRA §3008(h) orders or permits
are identified. A set of 11 questions for assisting Regional staff in reviewing
pertinent facts about the facility .and in assessing the need for interim measures is
given.
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• Enforcement order language is given for multiple interim measures techniques for
each of the waste management units, environmental media, and pollution events
listed above.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• The ORD and OERR handbook titled "Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites"
provides technical information on the advantages and disadvantages of many of
the techniques identified in this document. That handbook also provides details
on "permanent" solutions.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This draft guidance is a useful listing of potential interim measures that may be
implemented at RCRA facilities undergoing corrective action.
• Measures specified in a §3008(h) order should be coordinated with the Regional
and/or State permit writer(s) to ensure compatibility with long-term corrective
measures implementation plans.
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Remedial Action Technical Guidance: Media-Specific
This section includes a total of 16 media-specific guidance documents issued by
OEKR, ORD, and OSWER. These documents are especially useful for the evaluation
and selection stages of a corrective measures study. In general, the documents by
themselves do not provide adequate technical detail for corrective measures
implementation. Among the remedial technologies discussed are those for
contaminated ground water, surface water, soil, and air and for the migration of
subsurface gas. The following summaries include individual assessments of the
applicability of the documents to RCRA program corrective measures
implementation.
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Guidance Document Name:
Leachate Plume Management
EPA/540/2-85/004 (PB86-122330)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory
Status: Final, November 1985
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides government and industry personnel with the means to successfully
control leachate plumes from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides an overview of the fundamental concepts, procedures, and technologies
used in leachate plume management.
Technical Approach:
• Discusses plume dynamics—
- Ground-water flow patterns
- Effects of leachate characteristics
* Discusses plume delineation procedures and data.
• Discusses plume control technologies.
• Discusses theory and design of ground-water pumping, subsurface drains, and
low-permeability barriers.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document provides a more thorough treatment of the hydrogeologic factors
affecting leachate flow than does "Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate"
(SW-871), which mainly addresses leachate treatment alternatives.
26
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides background information on the theory and design of potential
corrective measures to address ground-water contamination resulting from
leachate plumes.
27
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Gxtidance Document Name:
Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate (SW-871R)
PB91-181578
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: Final, August 1980
Environmental Media Covered: Leachate in ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides guidance for permit officials and disposal site operators on available
management options for controlling, treating, and disposing of hazardous waste
leachates.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides overviews of leachate generation and characteristics.
• Presents alternatives for leachate treatment and disposal.
• Provides broad guidance for the design of a monitoring program.
* In general, provides narrative qualitative discussions of treatment alternatives and
refers the reader to other documents for the technical detail necessary for the
selection or implementation of a treatment alternative.
Technical Approach:
• Presents a broad discussion of three hazardous waste leachate management
options—
- Treatment as hazardous waste
- Onsite management
- Leachate treatment/disposal
• Presents a treatment process applicability matrix that rates the effectiveness of
different treatment processes for different chemical waste types as good, fair,
poor, or variable.
• Presents a matrix of treatment process versus residuals and gaseous emissions
generated.
28
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• Presents a flow chart of leachate treatment process selection methodology based
on—
- Evaluation of leachate quality
- Treatability studies
- Pilot-scale studies
- Full-scale studies
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document should be used in conjunction with "Leachate Plume
Management/' which provides a more rigorous treatment of the hydrogeologic
factors affecting leachate plume development.
Applicability to kCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document has limited applicability, but it might be useful as a bibliography
of other guidance documents; however, much material contained within may be
outdated.
29
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Guidance Document Name:
Corrective Measures for Releases to Ground Water from Solid Waste Management
Units
EPA/530/SW-88/020 (PB88-185251)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: Draft final
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Uses technology assessments and case studies to evaluate the relative success or
failure of each technology for various hydrologic settings and waste types.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Describes the steps involved in assessing the need for corrective measures at solid
waste management units.
• Provides an overview of corrective measures applicable to releases to ground
water at solid waste management units.
Technical Approach:
• Describes the steps involved in assessing the need for corrective measures—
- Source characterization
- Hazardous constituent distribution
- Fate and transport mechanisms
- Receptor identification
- Risk assessment
• Both source control technologies and ground-water control/treatment technologies
are described in terms of—
- Status of technology (that is, emerging, proven)
- Hydrogeologic/hazardous constituent applicability
- Additional remedial measures required
- Effectiveness
30
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• Case study reports include—
- Site characteristics
• Soils
• Geology
• Hydrology
- Releases
• Types and causes of releases
' • Mechanisms for detection
• Extent of contamination
- Remedial actions
• Response
• Success/failure
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is part of a group of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
ground water, and soil. By itself, this document does not provide adequate
technical detail to select or implement a corrective measure so it should be used
in conjunction with other technical guidance documents listed in this
Compendium.
*
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document evaluates the relative success or failure for various ground-water
corrective measures technologies for various hydrologic settings and waste types.
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Guidance Document Name:
Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites
EPA/540/G-88/003 (PB89-184618)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency find
Remedial Response
Status: Final, December 1988
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Describes how to develop, evaluate, and select remedial actions for ground-water
remediation under the Superfund program.
• Provides guidance and key considerations to be addressed when selecting a
ground-water remedy during the CERCLA«feasibility study of alternatives.
• Helps ensure that the most cost-effective alternative is chosen during Superfund
activities.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• The document is intended for an audience of—
- Contractors planning and executing CERCLA remedial investigations and
feasibility studies
- EPA Regional project managers responsible for the quality and completeness
of remedial investigations and feasibility studies
— EPA Regional project managers and other decisionmakers responsible for the
selection and performance evaluation of ground-water remedial actions
• Relevant to CERCLA remedial investigations and feasibility studies.
Technical Approach:
• Identifies the type of ground-water problems at the site, including the type of
chemicals present and the horizontal and vertical extent of contamination.
• Remedial alternatives that remedy ground-water problems are developed from
individual technologies that address site-specific problems.
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• Remediation targets for carcinogens range from 10"4 to 10"7 excess lifetime cancer
risk; remediation targets for noncarcinogens are set according to applicable
standards and criteria.
• Remediation targets are achieved within an acceptable period of time in the area
of attainment (that is, the area between the waste source and the boundary of the
plume.) Ground water with characteristics of Class I aquifers are expected to be
restored most rapidly (for example, within 1 to 5 years).
• Ground-water remediation levels must be determined before the effectiveness of
remedial actions can be evaluated. Remediation levels are defined by applicable
or relevant and appropriate Federal requirements.
• The choice of a remediation alternative depends on the following criteria for
evaluation—
- Class of ground water affected—Type I, II, or III
- Availability of alternative water supply
- Ability to control/monitor plume movement
- Future -ground-water uses
- Effectiveness of institutional controls
- Other health risks borne by the affected population
- Costs
- Technical effectiveness of ground-water restoration
- Potential for plume spreading
— Performance monitoring
- Hydrogeologic setting
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• The development and evaluation of remedial actions for contaminated ground
water should be performed in accordance with "Guidance for Conducting
Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA."
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document would be useful in selecting, evaluating, and developing
appropriate cover measures at RCRA facilities with, contaminated ground water.
33
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Guidance Document Name:
Discharge of Waste Water from CERCLA Sites into Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs)
OSWER Directive No. 9330.2-04 (PB90-249616)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, April 15,1986
Environmental Media Covered: Surface water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Highlights technical and policy concerns expressed in meetings between EPA and
the Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Authorities regarding the use and
selection of publicly owned treatment works for CERCLA wastewater.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
* Discusses proposed criteria on the use and selection of publicly owned treatment
works for CERCLA wastewater.
Technical Approach:
• Discusses the National Pretreatment Program requirements applicable to the
introduction of nondomestic wastewater into a publicly owned treatment works.
• Discusses points to evaluate in determining whether a publicly owned treatment
works may accept wastewater from a CERCLA site.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document is unique in scope.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document presents considerations to evaluate prior to remedy selection
where the discharge of wastewater from a contaminated site into a publicly
owned treatment works is among the alternatives.
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Guidance Document Name:
Corrective Measures for Releases to Surface Water
EPA/530/SW-90/085 (PB91-102046)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: Draft final
Environmental Media Covered: Surface water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides guidance to identify the need for corrective measures and to identify
mechanisms to correct releases to surface water.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides description of the steps necessary in—
- Assessment of the need for corrective measures
- Control of sources of contamination
- Technologies for off site containment, recovery, and treatment
• Uses case studies to demonstrate how to select and implement corrective
measures for releases to surface waters.
Technical Approach:
• Provides a narrative, tabular, and checklist approach to—
- Assessment of the need for corrective measures
- Source control
- Offsite corrective measures
• Case studies are summarized in terms of—
- Types of releases - '
- Waste types
- Response action
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is part of a group of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
ground water, and soil. By itself, this document does not provide' adequate
technical detail to select or implement a corrective action so it should be used in
conjunction with other technical guidance documents in this Compendium.
35
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document provides guidance for the selection and implementation of
corrective measures to address releases to surface water under RCRA, although
this document by itself would not provide adequate technical detail for corrective
measures selection or implementation.
36
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Guidance Document Name:
Treatment of Contaminated Soils with Aqueous Surfactants
EPA/600/2-85/12a (PB86-122561)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
Status:, Interim, November 1985
Environmental Media Covered: Soil, ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Reports the results of bench-scale treatability studies conducted to determine
whether the efficiency of water-washing surf-contaminated soils could be
enhanced through the use of aqueous surfactants.
• Makes limited recommendations for the selection of such a surfactant for the
in-situ treatment of contaminated soils.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Uses a traditional research approach to evaluate methods for the in-situ treatment
of contaminated soils.
• Would be most useful as a tool for further research on in-situ treatment methods
or full-scale studies at Superfund sites.
Technical Approach:
• The reports of the study include—
- Results of a literature search on methods for the in-situ treatment of soils
contaminated with different waste types
- Results of the laboratory study
- Recommendations for selecting a surfactant for the in-situ treatment of
contaminated soils
- Recommendations for further studies
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• Unlike other guidance documents (for example, "Mobile Treatment Technologies
for Superfund Wastes" (EPA, 1986)), this report is not a guide for selecting the
best treatment technology for contaminated soils. Rather, it is a tool for
conducting full-scale studies for in-situ treatment at Superfund sites.
37
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document does not have proven applicability for full-scale corrective actions
to address soil contamination at RCRA sites. It would be most useful as a tool for
further research.
38
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Guidance Document Name:
Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Waste
EPA/540/2-86/001 (PB87-116745)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste "Engineering
Research Laboratory i
Status: Final, June 1986
Environmental Media Covered: Soil/sediment
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides designers and reviewers of remedial action plans with the information
necessary to judge the feasibility of stabilization/solidification technology for the
control of pollutant migration from land-based hazardous waste disposal units.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Discusses the general chemical systems involved in stabilization/solidification
technologies to provide the background information necessary for the selection of
the optimum treatment option for a specific waste.
• Addresses design requirements and preliminary cost estimating for selected
stabilization/solidification alternatives.
• Would be most useful during the feasibility study portion of a Superfund action.
•
Technical Approach:
• Based on field surveys, four stabilization/solidification scenarios are developed
and compared in terms of—
- Project sequencing '
- Equipment requirements
- Costs
- Special safety and environmental concerns
- Possible modifications of treatment alternatives to reduce cost
• Discusses several waste stabilization/solidification techniques in terms of—
- Chemical basis for technology and commercial formulations in common use
- Waste and site characterizations appropriate for treatment process evaluation
- Protocols for bench-scale testing
- Sampling and testing protocols for assessing containment efficiency
- Final site cleanup and monitoring
'39
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• The focus is on a methodology for corrective measures selection, as in "Systems to
Accelerate In-Situ Stabilization of Waste Deposits"; however, this document
addresses both in-situ and offsite waste stabilization.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• Monitoring and testing protocols would be useful in evaluating stabilization and
solidification as an appropriate remedial alternative.
40
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Guidance Document Name:
Corrective Measures for Releases to Soil from Solid Waste Management Units
EPA/530/SW-88/022 (PB88-185277)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: August 1985 (Contractor's Final Report)
Environmental Media Covered: Soil
• • ' %
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides guidance on selecting corrective measures in response to a hazardous
constituent release to soil.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides parameters and criteria that should be considered in selecting a
particular remedial response for specific site conditions and identified
compounds.
• Discusses the need for corrective measures through the review of the potential for
hazardous constituents released to soil to be transported to other media.
• Provides an overview of corrective measures.
• Discusses case studies where releases to soil have occurred and identifies
corrective measures undertaken to clean up the soil.
• Provides recommendations for the application of corrective measures to soil
releases.
Technical Approach:
• Describes a stepwise process for assessing the need for corrective measures—
- Source characterization
- Extent of contamination
- ' Fate and transport
- Exposure assessment
- Hazard (toxicity) assessment and characterization
41
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• Discusses the various types of removal/containment and treatment technologies
* that apply to the remediation of releases to soils.
- Proven technologies—successfully used at sites to clean up hazardous wastes
from soils
- Imminent technologies—proven in the laboratory and successfully used in the
field through pilot-scale studies
- Emerging technologies—currently in the laboratory testing stage
• Reviews case studies that demonstrate how to select and implement corrective
measures for releases to soils from solid waste management units.
• Presents recommendations on how to select and implement corrective measures.
*
* Includes factors to consider in selecting corrective measures for releases to soils,
such as—
- Soil conditions
- Site location
- Hydrogeology •
- Implementability
- Cost
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is part of a group of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
ground water, and soil. By itself, this document does not provide the technical
detail to choose or implement a corrective action.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document provides guidance for the selection and implementation of
potential corrective measures in response to a contaminant release to soils,
although this document by itself would not provide adequate technical detail for
corrective measures selection or implementation.
42
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Guidance Document Name:
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils,
Volume 1—Technical Evaluation
EPA/540/2-84/003 (PB85-124881)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
Status: Final, July 1984
Environmental Media Covered:
Soils, but indirectly addresses ground water, surface water, and air
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Discusses the selection of the appropriate in-place treatment technology for a
particular site and provides specific information on each technology.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides a narrative discussion of different in-place treatment technologies.
• Provides data for estimating costs.
• Discusses engineering practices for modifying soil properties to make in-place
treatment more effective.
• Would be most useful during the feasibility study of a Superfund action.
Technical Approach:
• Contains the following information—
- Process description
- Information requirements for technology application
- Wastes amenable to treatment
- Current status of technology
- Ease of application
- Potentially achievable levels of treatment
- Long-term reliability of the technology
- Secondary impacts
- Required equipment and materials
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• Discusses engineering methods for increasing the effectiveness of in-place
treatment by modifying the following properties of soil—
— Oxygen content
- Moisture content
- Nutrient content
- PH
- Soil temperature
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
* Volumes 1 and 2 are similar in scope to "Review of In-Place Treatment
Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils"; however, these volumes provide a
more detailed discussion of the soil and waste characteristics that affect
contaminant transport and fate.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
i
• This document is useful for determining the potential of in-situ treatment
technologies to address contaminated soils at a RCRA corrective action site.
* The discussion of engineering methods for modifying soil characteristics to
improve the effectiveness of treatment technologies would be useful during the
initial or planning stages of corrective measures implementation.
44
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Guidance Document Name:
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils,
Volume 2—Background Information for In-Situ Treatment
EPA/540/2-84/003B (PB85-124889)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
Status: Final, July 1984
Environmental Media Covered:
Soils, but indirectly addresses ground water, surface water, and air
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides background information and related chemical data to support the
treatment methodology described in Volume 1.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Presents information on—
- Monitoring to determine treatment effectiveness
- Characterization of the behavior and fate of hazardous constituents in soil
waste systems
- Properties for various compounds that affect their interactions with soil
adsorption, degradation, and volatilization
• Most useful during the feasibility study and the postclosure monitoring phases of
a Superfund action.
Technical Approach:
• Discusses the specific site and soil characteristics that need to be evaluated when
assessing a site for in-situ treatment—
- Soil type and extent
- Soil profile properties
- Hydraulic properties and conditions
- Geological and hydrogeological factors
- Meteorological and climatological data
45
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• Discusses one-dimensional transport models to describe the behavior of waste
constituents in soil systems. These models represent a first-cut approach to
ranking waste types with respect to potential mobility and, therefore, treatment
priority.
• Includes specific monitoring information for each medium (soil, water, and air)
and cost estimates for various monitoring techniques.
• The appendix contains a data base for assessing the soil waste interactions of
individual chemicals, describing the following parameters—
- Chemical properties
- Adsorption parameters
- Degradation parameters
- Volatilization parameters
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• See "Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils,"
Volume 1.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document provides the technical guidance necessary to select a remedy
during a corrective measures study.
• The document provides monitoring information that would be useful in
evaluating the effectiveness of an in-situ soil treatment technology.
46
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Guidance Document Name:
Technical Resource Document: Design, Construction, and Operation, of Hazardous
and Non-Hazardous Waste Surface Impoundments
EPA/530/SW-91/054 (PB91-204 354)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Research and
Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Status: Final, June 1991
Environmental Media Covered:
Discusses soils, but only in terms of their appropriateness as cover material
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides design guidance on final covers for hazardous waste units. The
recommended design satisfies the requirements of 40 CFR 264 and 365, Subparts
G (closure and postclosure), K (surface impoundments), and N (landfills).
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Presents the Agency-recommended final cover system design in detail, as well as
considerations for construction quality assurance. Attention is given to erosion,
settlement, and subsidence and their potential cover-damaging effects.
Technical Approach:
• A separate section of the document is devoted to the design details of each layer
of recommended cover. A discussion of the rationale for the recommended
specification is included.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is the only guidance document in this Compendium that specifically
addresses cover systems.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document would apply to the implementation of a RCRA corrective action
with respect to designing covers for closure or cleanup.
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Guidance Document Name:
In-Situ Methods to Control Emissions from Surface Impoundments and Landfills
EPA/600/2-85/124 (PB86-121365)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory
Status: Final, October 1985
Environmental Media Covered: Air
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides the results of a study that included laboratory investigations and
literature reviews on methods of reducing emissions of volatile organic
compounds (VOC's) from surface impoundments and landfills.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Discusses several in-situ methods for controlling VOC emissions from landfills
and surface impoundments, and draws conclusions with respect to the suitability
of each method under various circumstances.
Technical Approach:
• Control methods discussed are—
- Complete enclosure of a surface impoundment
- Use of floating solid objects
- Shape modification for surface impoundments
- Aerodynamic modification (that is, wind barriers)
- Floating oil layers and surfactants
- Synthetic covers for landfills
• Control methods are discussed in terms of—
- Relevant test results (cited from the literature)
- Parameters affecting the effectiveness of the control method, such as its
construction materials, or climate
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is intermediate in its applicability to Superfund actions between a scientific
research report (for example, "Treatment of Contaminated Soils With Aqueous
Surfactants" (EPA, 1985)) and a Superfund guidance document (for example,
"Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes" (EPA, 1986)).
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This will be useful as background data to evaluate potential corrective measures
that address VOC emissions at surface impoundments and landfills.
49
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Guidance Document Name:
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures—Determining Appropriate Technology
and Response for Air Releases
EPA/530/SW-88/021 (PB88-185269)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: March 1985 (Contractor's Final Report)
Environmental Media Covered: Air
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Assists EPA and State personnel in implementing RCRA corrective action
provisions by providing a central source of information on air emission control
technologies and techniques for hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
* Describes waste management unit decision and operation practices that prevent or
control vapor and particulate releases from containerized waste storage, storage
tanks, surface impoundments, landfills, land treatment, and waste piles.
• Discusses control technologies used in the industrial/commercial sector.
Technical Approach:
• Uses flow charts, tables, and narrative descriptions to characterize corrective
measures technologies by—
- Facility-specific applicability
- Cost-effectiveness
— Effectiveness in reducing air emissions
* Discussess corrective measures for specific facility types in terms of—
- Major causes for releases
— Control options available
- Advantages/disadvantages of the various control options —
•te?
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is part of a group of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
ground water, and soil. By itself, this document does not provide the technical
detail to choose or implement a corrective action.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
* '
• This provides guidance for the selection of potential corrective measures to
address air releases, although this document ;by itself would not provide adequate
technical detail for corrective measures selection or implementation.
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Guidance Document Name:
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures—Subsurface Gas
EPA/530/SW-88/023 (PB88-185285)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: March 1985 (Contractor's Final Report)
Environmental Media Covered: Subsurface gas
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Assists in the assessment of the potential for subsurface gas generation and
migration from these facilities and describes potential corrective measures.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides an overview of factors that affect subsurface gas generation and
migration.
• Provides methods to identify a subsurface gas release by the presence of specific
hazardous waste constituents.
* Describes criteria for emergency situations, investigation methods, and potential
remedies.
Technical Approach:
• Discusses regulatory/statutory requirements—
- Concentration limits
- Definition of a release
- Indicator constituents
• Discusses forms of gas generation in terms of biological, chemical, and physical
decomposition.
• Discusses barriers affecting gas migration. .
• Provides checklists for identifying subsurface gas releases during a preliminary
assessment.
• Describes subsurface sampling techniques.
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• Discusses data requirements for the development of models to predict the
migration of subsurface gas.
• Discusses procedures for subsurface gas field monitoring.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document is unique within the scope of this Compendium.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document has primary applicability to investigation and corrective measure
phases; it provides a format for subsurface gas field monitoring and for sampling
the volatile organics present in subsurface gas.
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Site Assessment and Health Assessment
This section reviews and summarizes a total of four site assessment guidance
documents. These documents would be most useful for the site investigation and
assessment steps that would be conducted prior to a corrective measures study.
Several of the documents describe data collection and analysis techniques for
assessing the potential for, types of, and degree of hazard that may result from a
contaminant release. As these documents are generally more closely related to the
RFA/RFI phases of corrective action than to corrective measures implementation,
their use in the corrective measures study will be limited. The summaries follow.
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Guidance Document Name:
Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies (RI/FS)
Under CERCLA
EPA/540/G-89/004 (PB89-184626)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
Status: October 1988
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water, surface water, air, soil
*
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides technical guidance to Superfund staff, contractors, and potentially
responsible parties on how to conduct a remedial investigation and a feasibility
study under CERCLA.
• Describes how to characterize the extent of existing contamination and the
potential for a release to soils, ground water, surface water, and air from
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites on the National Priorities List.
• Describes the interplay of the remedial investigation and feasibility study
activities during the development of a response.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides guidance on National Contingency Plan requirements that must be met
by Regions, their contractors, and potentially responsible parties in conducting
CERCLA site investigations.
Technical Approach:
• Focus on data collection and site characterization to provide the information
required for a detailed analysis of alternatives conducted during the feasibility
study.
• Initial activities consist of collecting and evaluating existing information on site
and waste characteristics, migration pathways, receptors, and potential, impacts on
public health, welfare, and the environment.
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• A sampling plan is developed to determine the extent of hazardous contamination
at the site and to specify field activities required for the remedial investigation. A
quality assurance program is required to ensure that proper collection, transport,
and validation procedures were used.
• Health and safety activities are used when any type of field work is involved.
These activities are designed to protect the investigative team and the general
public against chemical hazards, physical injuries, and fire.
* Site characterizations provide data to support decisions to be made in the
feasibility study. As such, they encompass a wide variety of waste and site
conditions, such as physical and chemical properties of wastes, site engineering,
geology, hydrogeology, surface-water conditions, and atmospheric processes. Site
characterization activities may include a review of existing data, geologic and
hydrogeologic investigations, sampling and analysis of -all media, and quantitative
numerical modeling to determine the fate and transport of contaminants.
• The remedial investigation guidance does not require that all three levels be
completed; the process may terminate at any level provided that sufficient data
have been obtained to support, at a minimum, the screening of remedial
technologies and alternatives.
• The focus, data needs, and data evaluations conducted at each level of the
investigation are described.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• The CERCLA remedial investigation three-level data collection process is similar
to the RFI two-step data collection process: Level I under remedial investigation
guidance essentially the same as the collection and review of existing information
in the RFI; Levels II and III problem quantification and detailed investigation in
CERCLA remedial investigations are similar to RFI formulation and
implementation of the field investigation step.
• The CERCLA remedial investigation activities focus on all hazardous substances
named in CERCLA §102 (which include the constituents regulated under RCRA,
the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, and others), while the RFI specifically
adds constituents listed in 40 CFR Part 261, Appendix VIII.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document provides guidance for data collection and site characterization
necessary prior to the study and selection of appropriate corrective measures.
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Guidance Document Name:
Human Health Evaluation Manual
Volume I—EPA/540/1-89/002 (PB90-155581)
Volume II—EPA/540/1-89/001 (PB90-155599)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, 1989
Environmental Media Covered: All potential exposure pathways
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Establishes an institutional framework for public health evaluation at Superfund
sites.
• Issues guidance on the development of health-based performance goals for
remedial alternatives.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• This is to be used during CERCLA remedial investigation and feasibility study
activities to meet the requirements of the National Contingency Plan for
conducting public health evaluations.
• The procedures in this document are to be used during the feasibility study and
at sites where endangerment assessments are conducted pursuant to CERCLA
§106.
Technical Approach:
• Covers agency rules, policies, and guidelines, as well as an overview of the use of
indicator chemicals to assess risk.
• Has procedures conforming with EPA risk assessment guidelines.
• Details the use of public health assessment information in the feasibility study.
• Describes statutory and regulatory authorities for implementing risk assessments.
• Outlines the appropriate methods for the selection of indicator chemicals.
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• Describes methods for estimating exposure point concentrations of indicator
chemicals.
• Describes methods for estimating chemical intakes or exposures through the
various environmental media.
• Describes the implementation of a toxicity assessment.
*
• Details the steps involved in risk characterization.
• Describes the development of performance goals and the analysis of risks for
remedial alternatives.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is designed to supplement a chapter 5 in "Guidance for Conducting
Remedial Investigations and Feasibilities Studies Under CERCLA."
• This should be used in tandem with the "Superfund Exposure Assessment
Manual."
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This has useful information on contaminant toxicity and other properties and on
health assessment techniques.
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Guidance Document Name:
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual
EPA/540/1-88/001 (PB89-135859)
Originating Office: '
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, April 1988
Environmental Media Covered: Air, soils, surface water, ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Complements the "Human Health Evaluation Manual" by describing how to
develop both quantitative and qualitative exposure information at uncontrolled
waste sites to support a public health evaluation during the feasibility study.
• Presents procedures for making an analysis of contaminant release, transport, and
fate, along with human population exposure.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• This is to be used during the CERCLA remedial investigation and feasibility study
activities to meet the requirements of the National Contingency Plan for
conducting public health evaluations. It should be used in conjunction with the
"Human Health Evaluation Manual" and "Endangerment Assessment
Handbook."
• The procedures in this document are meant to be applied during the feasibility
study to analyze the baseline, "no action" alternative.
Technical Approach:
• Presents a framework for conducting an exposure assessment based on the
following steps—
- Contaminant release analysis—medium-specific analysis of mass loadings of
each target chemical to specific environmental media
- Environmental fate analysis—description of the extent and magnitude of
environmental contamination, which allows user to predict human population
contact with chemicals from the site
- Exposed populations analysis—identification, enumeration, and
characterization of those population segments likely to be exposed
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— Integrated exposure analysis—individual exposure estimates for each exposure
route (that is, inhalation, ingestion of drinking water and/or food, dermal
contact) developed for released chemicals
• Provides mathematical equations for predicting emissions rates from wastes to air,
soils, surface water, and ground water. Also describes appropriate computer
models for estimating emissions rates.
• Describes mathematical and computer modeling approaches to determining the
envkonmental fate of contaminants in air, surface water, ground water, and biotic
fate pathways.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document is designed to provide quantitative information on exposures at
hazardous waste sites needed to conduct a Superfund public health evaluation as
required in the National Contingency Plan. Accordingly, the document is a more
detailed and comprehensive document on exposure assessments than the "RCRA
Exposure Information Assessment" guidance document.
• This covers fundamentally the same media and types of release considered in the
"RCRA Exposure Information Assessment" guidance document.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This would be most useful in the facility assessment and investigation steps that
would be conducted prior to a corrective measures study.
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Guidance Document Name:
The Endangerment Assessment Handbook
OSWER Directive No. 9850.1 (PB91-139683)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement
Status: Final, November 1985
Environmental Media Covered: All
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides technical and procedural guidelines for developing and conducting
endangerment assessments to support administrative and judicial enforcement
actions under CERCLA §106(a) and RCRA §7003. The endangerment assessment
process should be initiated as spon as a site is identified as an enforcement site
and administrative or judicial actions are considered.
• Describes how to initiate the endangerment assessment process once a site has
been identified as a CERCLA §106 or RCRA §7003 enforcement site, which may
take place at any point in the overall corrective action process after site
identification.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Assists EPA Regional, State, and contractor personnel in conducting and
evaluating the endangerment assessment and in preparing necessary
documentation that will justify the enforcement needs of each case.
• Provides the basis for the findings of fact in administrative orders, consent
degrees, and complaints.
Technical Approach:
• Presents and discusses the content and recommended format for the
endangerment assessment document—
- Contaminant identification—screens the information available on types and
concentrations of hazardous substances or wastes present at the site and
identifies those contaminants of concern based on their intrinsic toxicological
properties, concentration and distribution, or their potential release to critical
exposure routes and subsequent migration into the surrounding environment.
If sufficient information on contaminants at the site is unavailable, sampling
and analysis for suspected contaminants and locations should be initiated.
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- Exposure assessment—identifies the type and concentration of each
contaminant of concern and determines the amount of each contaminant
released to each environmental medium. Identifies the potential exposure
(transport) routes associated with each contaminant. Identifies and analyzes
populations, including human populations, fish, and wildlife populations, that
may be at risk. Determines the exposure levels based on frequency, mode,
and magnitude of exposure to a given contaminant.
- Toxicity assessment—evaluates adverse effects of each contaminant, doses
employed, routes of administration (oral, dermal, inhalation), and quality of
test data to determine the toxicity profile of the contaminant. Next, a dose-
response relationship is determined that estimates a quantitative risk from
exposure to the contaminant of concern.
- Risk characterization—attains a risk assessment by integrating the information
developed during the exposure and toxicity assessments to yield a qualitative
value of risk. The final risk assessment should include a summary of the
uncertainties of each component per risk, the risk associated with various
subpopulations, assumptions used in calculating the risks, the relation
between risks, and an acceptable contaminant concentration level.
Comparison With Relevant Documents: ?
• This document was prepared before either the "Human Health Evaluation
Manual" or the "Superfund Endangerment Assessment Manual," although this
document references the "Human Health Evaluation Manual." This was prepared
to complement the information that was to be provided in those documents.
Accordingly, both the "Human Health Evaluation Manual" and the "Superfund
Endangerment Assessment Manual" reference their applicability to the conduct of
endangerment assessments and should be considered consistent with each other,
although not identical.
* Because this is designed to provide information sufficient to support an
administrative order under CERCLA §106 or RCRA §7003, the information
collection described is more detailed than that required under the "RCRA
Exposure Information Assessment" guidance document. Information collected
using the exposure information assessment guidance must only demonstrate that
a potential problem exists that should be investigated further, but it cannot
support an enforcement action, which may require more quantitative data.
* The procedures described in this document are similar to those described in the
CERCLA and feasibility study documents; in those cases where an enforcement
action is initiated after completion of a remedial investigation or feasibility study,
the requirements of this document may be met by the "Site Characterization" and
"Analysis of No-Action Alternative" sections of the remedial investigation and
feasibility study document.
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This would be most useful in the site assessment and investigation and
assessment steps that would be conducted prior to a corrective measures study.
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Construction Techniques/Procedures
This section includes a total of three documents that specify construction techniques
and field operating procedures. The following summaries include brief assessments
of the applicability of the documents to RCRA program corrective measures
implementation.
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Guidance Document Name:
Field Standard Operating Procedures (FSOP)
#6—Control No. 9285.2-04 (PB91-213827)
#7—Control No. 9285.2-02 (PB91-213850)
#8—Control No, 9285.2-03 (PB91-213843)
#9—Control No. 9285.2-05 (PB91-213835)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, January (#7 and #8) and April (#6 and #9) 1985
Environmental Media Covered: Soil and air
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Outlines procedures that should be followed to minimize the risk of exposure to
hazardous substances.
• Each of the four FSOP's reviewed outlines the operating procedures for specific
components of the remedial action program, including—
- Work zones (#6)
- Decontamination of response personnel (#7)
- Air surveillance (#8)
- Preparation of a site safety plan (#9)
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Applies to emergency response team members, remedial action team members,
and personnel who plan for emergency responses or remedial actions.
Technical Approach:
• Each FSOP addresses a different aspect of personnel protection at contaminated
sites. Each FSOP is divided into different sections. The sections generally
provide the following—
- A general description of the given protective measures and why and when
they are necessary
- A description of the different levels of protection available within the given
protective measure (for example, the types of incidents encountered when
performing air surveillance or the degree of stringency when choosing
personal protective equipment)
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• Factors and criteria to consider when choosing a plan of action (for example, how
to select the locations of and the stringency of procedures to follow in different
work zones)—
- Descriptions of techniques that can or should be employed
- Step-by-step instructions (for example, 13 steps in putting on level A
protective equipment)
- Checklists (for example, minimum data required for safety both before and
after a response)
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• Most of these FSOP's were developed from the November 1984 "Standard
Operating Safety Guides."
• These FSOP's are to be used by field technicians, as opposed to administrative,
managerial, and quality assurance officers. "A Compendium of Superfund Field
Operations" fulfills the information needs of the managerial personnel.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• These documents will be useful in guiding field-related activities and for ensuring
that OSHA standards are met during corrective measures implementation.
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Guidance Document Name:
RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA) Guidance
EPA/530/SW-86/053 (PB87-107769)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: Final, October 1986
Environmental Media Covered:
Ground water, surface water, air, subsurface gas, soils
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides technical guidance to EPA and State personnel on conducting the RCRA
Facility Assessment (RFA) at solid waste management units.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Presents procedures and criteria to identify releases or potential releases from
solid waste management units during the RFA. The document addresses the
following—
- Conducting a preliminary review
- Conducting a visual site inspection
- Determining the need for further action during the RFA
- Media assessment .
Technical Approach:
• The RFA requires collecting extensive data on solid waste management units,
including—
- Unit characteristics
- Waste characteristics
- Pollutant migration pathways
- Evidence of release
- Exposure potential
• Each chapter in this document describes the factors in each of the above five
categories that investigators should examine for identifying releases or potential
releases for each of the media of concern.
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:
* This is the sole guidance document in this Compendium that specifically
addresses the initial assessment of solid waste management units to determine
whether there are releases or potential releases that warrant further investigation
under the RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) process.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides guidance for identifying releases or potential releases that may
require a corrective measures study or implementation. The document, however,
does not address corrective measures technologies.
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Guidance Document Name:
RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance
EPA/530/SW-89/031 (PB89-200299)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste
Status: Final, May 1989
\
Environmental Media Covered:
Ground water, surface water, air, subsurface gas, soils
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides owners or operators with guidance on conducting a RCRA Facility
Investigation (RFI), based on release determinations made by the regulatory
agency (generally resulting from the RFA).
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Presents procedures and criteria to characterize releases from solid waste
management units and hazardous waste management units during the RFI. The
guidance is divided into 15 sections and presented in 4 volumes. Volume I
presents the procedures and rationale that should be used to develop a work plan
for conducting the investigation, a general strategy or release investigations, and
the means by which the data collected during the RFI may be interpreted by the
regulatory agency. Volumes II (soil, ground water, and subsurface gas) and III
(air and surface water) describe media-specific methods for conducting the RFI,
Volume IV presents a number of case study illustrations on various aspects of the
RFI process.
Technical Approach:
• The guidance is designed to provide the owner or operator with a logical
progression of tasks to be following in investigating a release. Generally, these
tasks will consist of— '
- Gathering information on the source of the release to the environment (for
example, gathering information on the unit and the waste in the unit)
- Gathering physical information on the environment surrounding the unit that
will affect the migration and fate of the release (for example, ground-water
flow direction, average wind speeds, soil types)
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— Using the above information along with any existing monitoring or modeling
information, developing a conceptual model of the release, and planning and
conducting a monitoring program to define the nature and extent of the
release
- Comparing the concentrations of hazardous constituents identified during the
release characterization against health and environmental criteria (chemical
concentrations) to determine whether interim corrective measures or a
corrective measures study may be needed
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is the sole guidance document in this Compendium that specifically
addresses the characterization of the nature and extent of releases from solid
waste management units and provides health and environmental criteria to which
these data are compared in determining the need for interim correction measures
or a corrective measures study.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides guidance for characterizing release from solid waste management
units that may require a corrective measures study or implementation. This
document discusses types of interim corrective measures; however, it does not
address corrective measures technologies.
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Costing Techniques
This section includes a total of two documents on costing techniques. These
document provide guidance on how to manage, develop, and evaluate costs
associated with the remediation of contaminated sites. The following summaries
include brief assessments of the applicability of the documents to RCRA program
corrective measures implementation.
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Guidance Document Name:
Remedial Action Costing Procedures Manual
EPA/600/8-87/049 (PB88-113691)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, October 1987
Environmental Media Covered:
Only general costing procedures are discussed. No specific environmental media are
identified.
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
* Provides specific procedures for the cost estimating and economic analysis steps
required for preparing engineering cost estimates for selecting remedial action
alternatives in response to CERCLA arid the National Contingency Plan.
• For use in conjunction with EPA's guidance on feasibility studies under CERCLA.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Presents procedures and provides worksheets to accomplish cost analysis required
for various remedial action planning phases.
Technical Approach:
• Divides remedial action costing into three phases—
- Initial site response assessment plan phase
- Alternate development and cost screening phase
- Cost estimation phase for feasibility studies
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This provides a more comprehensive approach to cost management than the
"Removal Cost Management Manual," which addresses only costing^ procedures
at CERCLA emergency response actions (removals).
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides project managers and decisionmakers in government and industry
with procedures for developing and evaluating cost estimates for alternative
remedial responses to releases of hazardous substances.
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Guidance Document Name:
Removal Cost Management Manual
OSWER Directive No. 9360.0-028 (PB90-153891)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, January 1985
Environmental Media Covered: None
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provide comprehensive cost management procedures for use by EPA at
emergency response actions (removals) authorized under CERCLA.
* For use by the on-scene coordinator.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Outlines a comprehensive cost management system for CERCLA emergency
response actions.
Technical Approach:
• Discusses cost projection, control, recovery, and documentation.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• Unlike the "Remedial Action Costing Procedures Manual," this document
addresses only costing procedures at CERCLA emergency response actions
(removals).
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides guidance on how to manage costs associated with the remediation
of contaminated sites.
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control Guidance Documents
This section contains a total of three quality assurance/quality control guidance
documents. These documents provide guidance on the quality assurance/quality
control of field operations, data collection, and laboratories contracted to provide
analytical services. The following summaries include brief assessments of the
applicability of the documents to RCRA program corrective measures
implementation.
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Guidance Document Name:
A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations
EPA/540/P-87/001 (PB88-181557)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, March 1987
Environmental Media Covered: Soils, ground water, surface water, air
Purpose of the Guidance Document: '
• Provides remedial project managers, quality assurance officers, and States with a
consolidated reference of all remedial project manager field procedures, with the
exception of site safety issues and personal protection requirements.
• Promotes consistent field procedures among all ten EPA Regions.
• Compiled from procedures that were used successfully in executing EPA work
assignments nationwide.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides a systematic comprehensive approach for conducting field activities
under Superfund.
• Covers all aspects of field activities, including the development of field operation
plans, site activities, sampling and analysis, and documentation.
Technical Approach:
* Provides detail on the purpose, scope, procedures, applicability, and
responsibilities associated with all aspects of field operations, with the exception
of site safety issues, personal protection, and sampling program design. Includes
the following topics—
— Documentation of field activities, sampling and analysis, quality control, and
corrective action
- Field activity procedures
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- Sampling and analysis—
• Handling and control
• Laboratory procedures and interface , .
• Interpretation of the results of analyses
• Gathering of proper samples
• Assesses environmental impacts.
• Provides quality assurance and document control auditing.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This applies to current EPA Regional standards and quality assurance
requirements. Other documents appropriate to any aspect of field activities (for
example, most recent directives, memoranda, guidance documents, and approved
quality assurance plans) should be consulted simultaneously.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• Although this document identifies the procedural requirements of the quality
assurance program for Superfund related to field operations work, it will still
have applicability to the RCRA program in that major program components are
identified and key interfaces detailed. This document should be useful in
developing measures for field operations quality assurance programs.
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Guidance Document Name:
Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities, Volumes 1 and 2
OSWER Directive No. 9355.0-07B (PB90-272634)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
Status: Final, March 1987
Environmental Media Covered: Soil, ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
* Provides assistance in developing site-specific data quality objectives for
Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study activities.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Data quality objectives are written plans for ensuring that environmental data
collected during remedial investigation/feasibility study activities are of known
and documented quality. Data quality objectives are developed prior to data
collection and are linked to sampling and analysis plans.
* Provides guidance and examples on the process by which data quality objectives
are developed, the individuals responsible for preparing data quality objectives,
the relationship of data quality objective guidance to other guidance, and the
timing for data quality objective development.
Technical Approach:
• Data quality objectives are developed in three stages—
- Identify decision types
- Identify data uses/needs
- Design data collection program
• Provides specific guidelines and procedures for evaluating available information,
developing conceptual models, specifying objectives, identifying data needs, and
developing data collection plans.
• Specifies statistical procedures, including sampling patterns, sample size, and
uncertainty of estimates.
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• The guidance is similar to "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste" (SW-846) in
its review of statistical sampling considerations. However, it is less detailed in
describing the analytical techniques and tools used in sampling waste sites.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides guidance for designing a data collection program for the assessment
and investigation activities that would precede a corrective measures study.
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Guidance Document Name:
User's Guide to the Contract Laboratory Program
EPA/540/P-91/002 (PB91-921278)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, January 1991
Environmental Media Covered: Soil/sediment, water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides a description of the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program structure.
• Establishes protocol for standardizing procedural approaches to contracting
analytic services.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• For use by remedial program managers, remedial investigation/feasibility study
contractors, and potentially responsible parties throughout the data collection and
analysis process of the CERCLA remedial investigation.
• For use by all handlers of samples and data .to ensure the reliability and integrity
of the data.
Technical Approach:
• Covers five separate analytic programs—
- Organic Routine Analytical Services (RAS)
- Inorganic RAS
- Dioxin RAS
- High Hazard Sample Preparation RAS ,
- Special Analytical Services
• Describes methods for sample analysis scheduling and coordination with other
program components.
• Provides guidance on program quality assurance and quality control.
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• The Contract Laboratory Program provides a menu of RAS services that are
correlated to various program components, including—
- Sample matrices
- Compounds identified and quantified
- Deliverables
- Analytic procedures
- Quality assurance/quality control ^
• The Contract Laboratory Program requires workers' initiation on standard
operating procedures, including—
- Chain of custody controls between various program offices
- Health and safety measures
- Analytical protocol
- Sample documentation
- Problem resolution
• Auxiliary support services are described, including—
- Sample bottle repository services
- Ordering procedures
- Shipment information
• Enforcement interaction with the Contract Laboratory Program includes—
- Document controls
- Evidence audits
• Cost recovery substantiation procedures are described.
• Quality assurance includes—
- Laboratory selection screening
- Laboratory performance
- Evaluations
- Sample data evaluations
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This provides a systematic, overall program management response to analytic
services contracting in contrast to SW-846. The later document covers laboratory
protocol and quality assurance/quality control; however, it does not provide a
systematic program structure for implementing RCRA analytic services.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This provides guidance to contractors performing remedial investigations and
assessments on procedural approaches to contracting analytical services to ensure
th" reliability and integrity of the data.
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Program Guidance Documents
A key RCRA program guidance document has been summarized in this section. This
document, the "RCRA Corrective Action Plan/' provides the basic framework for the
overall program, which can be supplemented by additional RCRA and CERCLA
program guidance documents. A second document in this section applies directly to
the RCRA Corrective Action program.
This section also reviews and summarizes a total of 12 CERCLA program guidance
documents. In general, this group of documents provides comprehensive program
and project management guidance on implementing the remedial investigation/
feasibility study process within the statutory and regulatory context of CERCLA. The
majority of these documents will be of marginal use in the development of a RCRA
corrective measures study and its implementation. There are, however, some useful
approaches to format and style in selected documents that may be of use to RCRA
corrective measures implementation.
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Guidance Document Name:
RCRA Corrective Action Plan
OSWER Directive No. 9902.3 (PB91-139873)
Originating Office: .
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement
Status: Final, November 1986
Environmental Media Covered: Ground water, soils, surface water, air
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Assists Regions and States in the development of corrective action orders
(§3008(h)) February 12, 1992 and corrective action requirements in permit
applications and permits.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides a technical framework for Regional and State personnel in the
development of a site-specific schedule of compliance to be included in a permit
or a compliance schedule in a corrective action order; includes requirements for
RCRA facility investigations, corrective measures studies, and work plans for
corrective measures implementation.
Technical Approach:
• Provides a detailed discussion of the information to be provided for each of the
following tasks—
- RCRA Facility Investigation
Task I: Description of Current Conditions
Task II: Pre-investigation Evaluation of Corrective Measure Technologies
Task III: RFI Workplan Requirements
Task IV: Facility Investigation
Task V: Investigation Analysis
Task VI: Laboratory and Bench-Scale Studies
Task VII: Reports
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- Corrective Measure Study
Task VIE: Identification and Development of the Corrective Measure
Alternative or Alternatives
Task IX: Evaluation of the Corrective Measure Alternative or Alternatives
Task X: Justification and Recommendation of the Corrective Measure or
Measures
Task XI: Reports
- Corrective Measure Implementation
Task XH: Corrective Measure Implementation Program Plan
Task XIII: Corrective Measure Design
Task XIV: Corrective Measure Construction
Task XV: Reports
• The three-step approach outlined above is intended to standardize the data
collection process and provide for key decision milestones throughout the
Corrective Action process. Each step provides for the collection of increasingly
detailed data for the characterization of site contamination.
• Major considerations in planning data quality control and verification programs
can be developed using the corrective action plan framework.
• The process is to be employed whether site-specific Corrective Action is required
as a permit condition or whether it is required as a result of enforcement action.
Comparison with Relevant Documents:
• Technical guidance on media-specific technologies identified in this summary may
be used to supplement the outline given in the corrective action plan.
• Specific costing considerations of RCRA corrective measures implementation
should be taken from the corrective action plan rather than OERR's "Remedial
Action Costing Procedures Manual." The OERR document includes fund-
balancing criteria that are not relevant to the RCRA Corrective Action program.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document is a key resource document for Regional and State permit writers
guiding corrective action at permitted facilities. It should be used to guide
completeness checks of submittals made by owner/operators and for developing
the §3008(h) order and permit schedule of compliance language.
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Guidance Document Name:
Stabilization Technologies for RCRA Corrective Actions
EPA/625/4-91/029
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Research
Information
Status: Final, August 1991
Environmental Media Covered: Soil and water
i
Purpose pf the Guidance Document:
• Provides guidance on identifying the types of environmental settings that should
be the focus of stabilization actions.
• Provides technical approaches to accelerate data gathering in support of decisions
on appropriate stabilization measures and on phasing the RCRA Facility
Investigation (RFI) process to gather the necessary data to make timely decisions
within the framework of the existing corrective action program.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Addresses the overall goal of the RCRA corrective action stabilization initiative:
to, as soon as possible, control or abate imminent threats to human health and the
environment from release from RCRA facilities and to prevent or minimize the
further spread of contamination with long-term remedies are pursued.
t
• Provides the technical decision guidance for implementing a number of
stabilization technologies.
Technical Approach:
• Addresses technologies for containment, soils treatment, an^. water treatment.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document address many technologies that are found in other EPA
documents, and it is the only EPA document that addresses specific technologies
for meeting the RCRA corrective action stabilization initiative.
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Guidance Document Name:
National Contingency Plan (NCP), 40 CFR Part 300
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, February 12,1985 (50 FR 5862)
Environmental Media Covered:
Ground water, surface water, air, soils, and sediments
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides the regulatory framework for implementing CERCLA. In particular,
Subpart F—Hazardous Substances Response—establishes methods and criteria for
determining the extent and nature of a CERCLA-authorized response. .
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Subpart F of the NCP—
- Provides the general requirements for all phases of a CERCLA hazardous
substance response
- Outlines the responsibilities of Federal and State officials in a CERCLA
hazardous substance response
- Outlines the minimum requirements for conducting a remedial investigation
and a feasibility study under CERCLA
Technical Approach:
• 40 CFR 300.68—Remedial action—
— Mandates a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the nature
and extent of the threat presented by a release and to evaluate proposed
remedies ^
— Requires the development of remedial alternatives as part of the feasibility
study
— Requires an analysis of these alternatives on the basis of—
• Cost
• Acceptability of engineering practices
• Effectiveness
— Selects a remedy that attains or exceeds Federal public health and
environmental requirements
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• 40 CFR 300.70—Methods of remedying releases—
- Lists engineering methods for onsite actions, including—
• Air emissions controls
• Surface-water controls
• Ground-water controls
• Remedies for contaminated water and sewer lines
- Lists technologies for—
• Gaseous emissions treatment
• Direct waste treatment ,
• Treatment of contaminated soils and sediments
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This provides the regulatory basis for many EPA guidance documents, including
the "Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Tank and Drum Sites" (EPA,
1985) and "Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes" (EPA, 1986).
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This document provides background guidance on data requirements for
conducting remedial actions.
• It also describes technical and cost considerations of technologies used in
assessment studies.
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Guidance Document Name:
Superfund Remedial Design and Remedial Action Guidance
EPA/9355.0-04A (PB88-107529)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, February 1985
Environmental Media Covered:
Does not specifically address any media; focuses on administrative requirements.
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• To assist agencies and parties who plan, administer, and manage remedial design
and remedial action at Superfund sites. Pertains to both fund-financed remedial
design/action (that is, Federal- and State-lead) and responsible party remedial
design/action, and provides personnel guidance to be followed to ensure that
remedial design/action is performed properly, consistently, and expeditiously.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Outlines administrative requirements based on the general sequence of events that
occurs prior to, during, and after remedial design/action at a Superfund site.
Pertains to both fund-financed and responsible party projects.
Technical Approach:
• Defines the administrative requirements, contents, and elements in the remedial
design/action processes. For remedial design, that process includes—
- Activities involved in selecting an architect/engineering (A/E) firm
- Development of the remedial design and distribution of planning information
to the lead design party
- Development of a statement of work for the A/E firm retained to accomplish
the remedial design
- Review and approval of the A/E firm's final plans and specifications
- Identification of applicable permits, permit approvals, and site access
agreements
- Revision of the community-relating plan based on the needs of the community
during the design and construction activities
- Development of cost estimates for construction
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• The process for the initiation of remedial action includes the following—
- Selection of the contractor for the remedial action
- Monitoring and oversight of construction activities and needed records and
reports to be used in the final certification of the remedial action
- Final inspection and closeout activities after completion of the remedial action
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• As outlined above, the remedial design/action guidance provides the
administrative and procedural requirements for remedial design/action, as
opposed to other documents that highlight the technical aspects of these activities.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This may be helpful to the extent that administrative requirements for remedial
design/action at Superfund sites coincide with administrative requirements for
remedial design/action at RCRA sites.
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Guidance Document Name:
Community Relations in Superfund: A Handbook (Interim Guidance)
EPA/540/G-88/002 (PB89-180830)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response/Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Draft, June 1988
Environmental Media Covered: No specific environmental media addressed
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides policy requirements for coordinating community relations activities at
Superfund sites.
• Provides additional techniques and guidance that can be used to enhance the
basic requirements for community relations.
* Describes the overall objectives of the Superfund community relations program.
• Gives citizens the opportunity to comment on and provide input to technical
decisions.
* Informs the public of planned or ongoing actions.
• Focuses and resolves conflict.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Describes the various requirements for conducting community relations activities
during removal actions, enforcement actions, and remedial response actions and
for the addition and deletion of sites from the National Priorities List.
\
• Describes the two critical steps in planning a community relations program for a
Superfund remedial action—
- Conducting community interviews
— Developing a site-specific community relations plan
* Provides a list of all key EPA Headquarters and Regional contacts for the
Superfund community relations program.
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Technical Approach:
• Specifically addresses activities to be conducted during CERCLA corrective
actions. "Guidance on Public Involvement in the RCRA Permitting Program"
does not currently address specific activities related to RCRA corrective actions.
• Responds to a specific mandate in the National Contingency Plan for conducting
community relations^iot present in RCRA §3004(u) and addresses many specific
requirements for public involvement.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This provides detailed guidelines on CERCLA community relations programs
analogous to the public participation guidelines given in OSWER 9500.00-1A,
"Guidance on Public Involvement in the RCRA Permitting Program."
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This may be helpful in formulating a community relations program at a RCRA
site.
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Guidance Document Name:
Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Project Management Handbook
EPA/540/G-87/001 (PB87-183133)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Ofjice of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, December 1986
Environmental Media Covered: Process affecting all environmental media
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• This document serves three general purposes—
- Presents various actions and deliverables that comprise the Federal-lead
remedial project, and defines the roles and responsibilities of the remedial
project manager
- Identifies resources available to the remedial project manager for supporting
the remedial project management function
- Provides fundamental concepts of project management to aid the remedial
project manager in planning, monitoring, controlling, and directing projects
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides basic project management concepts regarding project planning,
monitoring, and control and the directing, coordinating, and communicating of
project objectives that are to be applied during the CERCLA feasibility study
process.
• Discusses initial project planning and startup activities and describes the remedial
project manager's role in ensuring that the remedial investigation/feasibility study
work is conducted in accordance with project plans.
Technical Approach:
• Illustrates the process for implementing Federal-lead remedial action by use of a
process flow chart with supporting narrative.
• Describes management and control techniques for ensuring project
implementation in accordance with the project plan (for example, use of the Gantt
milestone chart).
• Illustrates the functional roles of EPA and contractors in implementing remedial
investigations and feasibility studies.
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• Describes in detail the various steps involved in startup, implementation, and
doseout.
* Describes the role of the record of decision in documenting the decision-making
process. Provides a model record of decision.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is similar in format and design to the "Superfund State-Lead Remedial
Project Management Handbook."
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This has no direct applicability to the RCRA corrective measures process.
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Guidance Document Name:
Superfund State-Lead Remedial Project Management Handbook
EPA/540/G-87/002 (PB87-183141)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, December 1986
Environmental Media Covered: Process affecting all environmental media
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• This document serves three general purposes—
- Presents various actions and deliverables that comprise a State-lead remedial
project, and defines the roles and responsibilities of the remedial project
manager
- Identifies resources available to the remedial project manager for supporting
the remedial project management function
- Provides fundamental concepts of project management to aid the remedial
project manager in planning, monitoring, controlling, and directing projects
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Provides basic project management concepts regarding project planning,
monitoring, and control and the directing, coordinating, and communicating of
project objectives that are to be applied during the CERCLA feasibility study
process.
• Discusses initial project planning and startup activities and describes the remedial
project manager's role in ensuring that the remedial investigation/feasibility study
work is conducted in accordance with project plans.
Technical Approach:
* Illustrates the process for implementing Federal-lead remedial action by use of a
process flow chart. Describes the interrelationships of the remedial project
manager with the various institutional entities, contractors, and potentially
responsible parties.
• Describes management and control techniques for ensuring project
implementation in accordance with the project plan (for example, use of the Gantt
milestone chart).
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• Illustrates the functional roles of EPA, States, and contractors in implementing
remedial investigations and feasibility studies.
• Inventories types of cooperative agreements available between the States and
EPA.
• Describes the role of the record of decision in documenting the decision-making
process. Provides a model record of decision.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This is similar in format and design to the "Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial
Project Management Handbook."
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This has no direct applicability to the RCRA corrective measures process.
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Guidance Document Name:
State and Local Lnvolement in the Superfund Program
EPA/9375.5-01/FS (PB90-273939)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, 1989
Environmental Media Covered:
Procedural guidance applicable to program management
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Provides an overview of hazardous waste laws, the Superfund process, and future
directions of the Superfund program. National Contingency Plan.
• Describes ways that State and Local governments can get involved in the
sSuperfund programrmechanisms for assuring State and Local involvement: and
the roles of political subdivisions, Indian Tribes, and local governments.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• State participation in the Superfund remedial program is to be used during the
CERCLA remedial investigation/feasibility study activities. Cooperative
agreements may be initiated prior to remedial investigation/feasibility study
work; however, they should be fully enforced during the remedial investigation/
feasibility study process.
Technical Approach:
* Includes description of cooperative agreements, Superfund State contracts, and
credit claims.
• Discusses management issues, such as cost-sharing, offsite treatment, storage, and
disposal.
• Describes intergovernmental review procedures.
• Inventories types of State assurances available under remedial response
agreements.
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• Describes the development of cooperative agreement application forms and
provisions.
• Describes the interface with the Federal procurement system.
• For EPA-lead remedial planning agreements, describes EPA and State
responsibilities.
• Describes cost-sharing arrangements under Superfund State contracts.
• Describes the execution and administration of the remedial agreement and
agreement modifications.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This should be used with the "Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Project
Management Handbook" and the "Superfund State-Lead Remedial Project
Management Handbook."
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This has no direct applicability to the RCRA corrective measures process.
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Guidance Document Name:
Policy on Floodplains and Wetlands Assessments for 'CERCLA Actions
Control No. 9280.0-02 (PB91-921329)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Status: Final, August 1985
Environmental Media Covered: Surface water, ground water
Purpose of the Guidance Document:
• Sets forth Agency policy and guidance for carrying out the provisions of
Executive Order 11988 (Floodplain Management) and Executive Order 11990
(Protection of Wetlands), as described in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 6.
Scope of the Guidance Document:
• Discusses situations that require preparation of a floodplains or wetlands
assessment and the factors that should be considered in preparing an assessment
for response actions undertaken pursuant to §104 or 106 of CERCLA.:
Technical Approach:
• Discusses the following—
- Removal actions
• Floodplains/wetiands assessment
• Opportunity for citizen comment
- Remedial Actions
• Consideration of environmental issues
- Documentation of decision >
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• This document is unique in scope.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• This enunciates EPA's policy to encourage the pursuit of remedies that attain or
exceed applicable and relevant standards of other Federal environmental laws that
address floodplains and wetlands.
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Guidance Document Name:
Interim Guidance on Potentially Responsible Party Participation in Remedial
Investigations and Feasibility Studies
OSWER Directive No. 9835.1A (PB91-139337)
Revisions to the Interim Guidance on PRP Participation in Remedial Investigations
and Feasibility Studies
OSWER Directive No. 9835.2A (PB91-139352)
Originating Office:
U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Program
Enforcement
Status: Final, May 1988 and February 1989
Environmental Media Covered: None
Purpose of the Guidance Documents:
• Set forth the policy and procedures governing the participation of potentially
responsible parties in the development of remedial investigations and feasibility
studies under CERCLA. "~~
Scope of the Guidance Documents:
• Discuss the following—
- Circumstances in which remedial investigations/feasibility studies may be
conducted by potentially responsible parties
- Procedures for notifying potentially responsible parties when the Agency has
identified target sites for the development of remedial investigations/
feasibility studies • •
- Principles governing potentially responsible party participation in Agency-
financed remedial investigations/feasibility studies
Technical Approach:
• Discuss drawbacks to previous approaches to potentially responsible party
participation in remedial investigations/feasibility studies.
• Discuss situations where private parties may conduct a remedial investigation or
feasibility study.
• Potentially responsible parties will be subject to criteria enunciated in the final
version of remedial investigation and feasibility study technical manuals.
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• Until remedial investigation and feasibility study guidances are final, potentially
responsible parties may develop remedial investigations/feasibility studies if they
commit to follow workplans for remedial investigations/feasibility studies
prepared by Agency-supervised contractors.
• Discuss the way in which potentially responsible parties will be notified of the
opportunity to perform the remedial investigation/feasibility study.
* Discuss the Regional role in remedial investigation/feasibility study development
by potentially responsible parties.
Comparison With Relevant Documents:
• These documents are unique in scope.
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
• These documents address the administrative procedures governing potentially
responsible party participation and are not directly relevant to the RCRA
corrective measures program.
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Appendix A—"A Prime" and "A" List Documents on the OSWER
Hazardous Waste Bibliography Not Included in This Compendium*
(Page 1 of 3)
Category
Document Title
Issuing Office Ordering Information
Remedial Action Directory of Commercial Hazardous Waste
Technical Guidance: Treatment and Recycling Facilities
Multimedia
Guidance Manual for Research, Development
and Demonstration Permits Under
40 CFR §270.65
Practical Guide—Trial Bums for Hazardous
Waste Incinerators: Project Summary
Prohibition on the Placement of Bulk Liquid
Hazardous Waste in Landfills—Statutory
Interpretive Guidance
Treatment Technology Briefs: Alternatives to
Hazardous Waste Landfills
EPA/OSW
Washington, DC
EPA/OSW
Washington, DC
EPA/OS WER/
HWERL
Cincinnati, OH'
EPA/OSW
Washington, DC
EPA/ORD/
HWERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA Report #530/SW-87/024
NTIS Ref. #PB88-109699
EPA Report #530/SW-86/008
NTIS Ref. #PB86-229192
OSWER Directive 9527.00-1 A
EPA Report #600/2-86/050
NTIS Ref. #PB86-190246/AS
EPA/530/SW-86-016
NTIS Ref. #PB86-212271
EPA Report #600/9-86/017
NTIS Ref. #PB87-110680
Site Assessment and Design and Development of Hazardous Waste
Health Assessment Reactivity Testing Protocol
Handbook, Remedial Action at Waste Disposal
Sites, Revised
Test Methods for Evaluation of Solid Waste:
Physical/Chemical Methods, 3rd Edition
Geophysical Methods for Location of
Abandoned Wells
Geophysical Techniques for Sensing Buried
Wastes and Waste Migration
Practical Guide for Ground-Water Sampling
RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring Technical
Enforcement Guidance Document
Sediment Sampling Quality Assurance
User's Guide
Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide
EPA/ORD/
HWERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA Report #600/2-84/057
NTIS Ref. #PB84-158807
EPA/OSWER/ EPA Report #625/6-85/006
OERR/HWERL NTIS REF. #PB87-201034
Cincinnati, OH OSWER Directive 9380.0-4
EPA/OSWER EPA Report #SW-846
Washington, DC GPO Ref. #955-001-00000-1
EPA/ORD/EMSL EPA Report #600/4-84/065
Las Vegas, NV NTIS Ref. #PB84-212711
EPA/ORD/EMSL EPA Report #600/7-84/064
Las Vegas, NV NTIS Ref. #PB84-198449
EPA/OSWER/ERLEPA Report #600/2-85/104
Ada, OK NTIS Ref. #PB86-137304
EPA/OSW EPA Report #530/SW-86/055
Washington, DC NTIS Ref. #PB87-107751
EPA/ORD/EMSL EPA Report #600/4-85/048
Las Vegas, NV NTIS Ref. #PB85-233542
EPA/ORD/EMSL EPA Report #600/4-84/043
Las Vegas, NV NTIS Ref. #PB84-198621
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Appendix A—"A Prime" and "A" List Documents on the OSWER
Hazardous Waste Bibliography Not Included in This Compendium*
(Page 2 of 3)
Category
Document Title
Issuing Office Ordering Information
Survey of Mobile Laboratory Capabilities
and Configurations
Health Effects Assessment Documents
(58 Chemical Profiles)
EPA/ORD/EMSL EPA Report #600/X-84/170
Las Vegas, NV
EPA/OERR/OHEAEPA Report #540/1-86/001
Cincinnati, OH through 058
NTIS Ref. #PB865-134111/AS
Construction
Techniques/
Procedures
Dust Control at Hazardous Waste Sites
Occupational Safety and Health: Guidance
Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities
Protecting Health and Safely at Hazardous
Waste Sites: An Overview
Standard Operating Safety Guides
Decontamination Techniques for Mobile
Response Equipment Used at Waste Sites
(State-of-the-Art Survey) Final Report
EPA/ORD/ EPA Report #540/2-85/003
HWERL NTIS Ref. #PB86-190105
Cincinnati, OH
NIOSH GPO Reference # (NIOSH Pub.) 85-115
Cincinnati, OH
CERI EPA Report #625/9-85/006
Cincinnati, OH
EPA/OERR/HRSDOSWER Directive 9285.1-01 B
Washington, DC
EPA/ORD/ EPA Report #600/2-85/105
HWERL NTIS Ref. #PB85-247021/XA
Cincinnati, OH
Emergency Response Procedures for Control
of Hazardous Substance Release
Guidance Manual for Minimizing Pollution
From Water Disposal Sites
Guide for Decontaminating Buildings,
Structures and Equipment at Superfund Sites
Superfund Removal Procedures—Revision #2
Technical Guidance Document: Construction
Quality Assurance for Hazardous Waste Land
Disposal Facilities (Final Report)
EPA/ORD/
HWERL
Edison, NJ
EPA/ORD/WERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA/ORD/
HWERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA/ERD
Edison, NJ
EPA/ORD/
HWERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA Report #600/0-84/023
NTIS Ref. #PB84-128719
EPA Report #600/2-78/142
NTIS Ref. #PB78-268905
EPA Report #600/2-85/028
NTIS Ref. #PB85-201234/AS
OSWER Directive 9360.0-03A
EPA Report #530/SW-86/031
NTIS Ref. #PB87-132825
OSWER Directive 9427.00-3
Costing Techniques Costs of Remedial Response Actions at
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
EPA/OSWER/
WERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA Report #600/2-82/035
NTIS Ref. #PB83-164830
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Appendix A—"A Prime" and "A" List Documents on the OSWER
Hazardous Waste Bibliography Not Included in This Compendium"
(Page 3 of 3)
Category
Document Title
Issuing Office Ordering Information
Program Guidance CERCLA Compliance with Other
Documents Environmental Statutes
Petitions to Delist Hazardous Wastes:
A Guidance Manual
EPA/OERR OSWER Directive 9234.0-02
Washington, DC
EPA/OSWER EPA Report #530/SW-85/003
Washington, DC NTIS'Ref. #PB85-194488
Case Studies Case Studies 1-23: Remedial Responses at
Hazardous Waste Sites
Summary Report: Remedial Response at
Hazardous Waste Sites
EPA/OSWER/
WERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA/OSWER/
WERL
Cincinnati, OH
EPA Report #540/2-84/002B
NTIS Ref. #PB85-121739
EPA Report #540/2-84/002A
NTIS Ref. #PB86-121721
* For further information see the OSWER Hazardous Wastes Bibliography, October, 1987, EPA/540/1-87-001
(OSWER Directive 9380.1-02).
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