United States     Solid Waste and
           Environmental Protection Emergency Response  EPA530-B-92-003
           Agency       (OS-341)         April1992
&EPA    Compendium of
           ORD and OSWER
           Documents Relevant
           to RCRA Corrective
           Action

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          Compendium of

   ORD and OSWER Documents

Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
           Office of Solid Waste
      Permits and State Programs Division
              March 1992

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                                  Preface
This document was  prepared by NUS  Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland, and
updated by LABAT-ANDERSON Incorporated of Arlington, Virginia, for the Permits and
State Programs Division, Office of Solid Waste.  Most of the information in the cited
documents addresses technical aspects of corrective or remedial actions. However, some
documents also focus on procedural aspects of program implementation.  Because some
technical documents were prepared a number of years ago, Agency policy contained in
those documents may not reflect current policy.  Therefore, documents listed in this
Compendium should be used only for their technical information.

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                                Introduction
Throughout the past decade, several offices within the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) have been involved in hazardous waste management technologies
research, remedial action at chemically contaminated sites, and regulatory
development  for permitting hazardous waste management facilities.  The primary
offices involved in these activities include the Office of Research and Development
(ORD) and the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER).  During
this period, substantial knowledge and experience have been gained relevant to the
applicability of remedial action technologies in various environmental settings.

Currently, OSWER is developing regulations on corrective action for solid  waste
management  units—Section 3004(u) of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).  The Corrective
Action program consists of three primary phases:  (1) the  RCRA Facility Assessment
(RFA), which is aimed at identifying known and suspected releases of hazardous
wastes or hazardous constituents to the environment; (2) the RCRA Facility
Investigation  (RFI), which consists of media-specific field investigations to
characterize the nature, extent, and rate of contaminant migration through the various
environmental media; and (3) Corrective  Measures Study/Implementation. This last
phase, generally termed Corrective Measures, consists of actions undertaken by both
facility owners or operators and regulatory agencies that are aimed at selecting and
implementing appropriate remedies at facilities subject to RCRA permitting
requirements that have contaminant releases of concern. Detailed regulations and
guidance for  implementing this  phase are currently being prepared by OSWER.

The purpose  of this summary of ORD and OSWER documents relevant to  RCRA
corrective action is to  provide Regional and State regulatory personnel and facility
owners or operators with a concise overview of the available guidances and technical
reports on remedial action technologies, site assessment, health assessment,
construction techniques and procedures,  costing techniques, and quality
assurance/quality control procedures.  The purpose, scope,  and technical approach of
the more than 50 documents have been summarized.  Also, the applicability of each
document to  RCRA corrective measures implementation has been evaluated. Copies
of the complete documents listed in this Compendium may be obtained at the
addresses and telephone numbers given below:

•  ORD published documents can be obtained through the ORD Publications
   Department at:

       U.S. EPA
       ORD Publications
       Cincinnati, OH 45268
       (513) 569-7562  (commercial) or 684-7562 (FTS)

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   Requesters should have correct publication numbers (and titles, if known) for
   "600" and "540" series documents. Three or fewer documents may be requested
   by phone. Written requests may also be sent to the above address, particularly
   when requesting more than three documents.

   Guidance documents in the "530" series and OSWER Policy Directives in the
   "9400" and "9500" that are not available from NTIS, can be obtained by writing
   the RCRA Docket Information Center or by writing or calling the RCRA
   /Superfund Hotline at 1-800-424-9346.

      U.S. EPA
      RCRA Docket Information Center (OS-305)
      401 M Street, S.W.
      Washington, DC 20460
•  Most documents have designated National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
   numbers.  Generally, any document with a "PB" number must be purchased at:

      NTIS
      5285 Port Royal Road
      Springfield, Virginia 22165
      (703) 487-4650

In addition to the documents included in this Compendium, the various EPA offices
have developed supplementary technical guidances. In October 1987, OSWER issued
the Hazardous Waste Bibliography,  which classifies the various documents into four
separate lists that distinguish the documents'  utility and currency.  All documents in
the "A Prime" and  "A" lists (that is, those documents considered the most frequently
consulted and the most critical to the program) that have not been included in this
Compendium are listed in Appendix A. For further information on these documents,
the reader should consult the Hazardous Waste Bibliography.

Table 1-1 lists the documents included in this Compendium, classified in the
following categories:

   Remedial Action Technical Guidance: Multimedia
   Remedial Action Technical Guidance: Media-Specific
   Site Assessment and Health Assessment
   Construction Techniques/Procedures
   Costing Techniques
   Quality Assurance/Quality Control Guidance Documents
   Program Guidance Documents

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  Table 1-1—ORD and OSWER Documents Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
                                    (Page 1 of 3)
Category
          Document Title
   Issuing
   Office
Page
Remedial Action
Technical Guidance:
Multimedia
Mobile Treatment Technologies for
   Superfund Wastes
Guidance on Cleanup of Surface Tank
   and Drum Sites
Guidance Document on Cleanup of Surface
   Impoundment Sites
Modeling Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled
   Hazardous Waste Sites
Slurry Trench Construction for Pollution
   Migration  Control
Compatibility of Grouts with Hazardous
   Wastes
Systems to Accelerate In-Situ Stabilization
   of Waste Deposits
Handbook for Evaluating Remedial Action
   Technology Plans
RCRA Corrective Action Interim Measures
OSWER/OERR           7

OSWER/OERR           9

OSWER/OERR          11

OSWER/OERR/ORD    13

ORD/HWERL          15

ORD/HWERL          17

ORD/HWERL          19

ORD/MERL            21

OSWER/OWPE         23
Remedial Action
Technical Guidance:
Media-Specific

 Groundwater
 Surface Water
Leachate Plume Management               ORD/RREL
Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate   OSWER/ORD/MERL
Corrective Measures for Releases to Ground   OSWER/OSW
   Water from Solid Waste Management Units
Guidance on Remedial Actions for          OSWER/OERR
   Contaminated Ground Water at
   Superfund Sites
Discharge of Waste Water from CERCLA
   Sites into Publicly Owned Treatment
   Works (POTWs)
Corrective Measures for Releases to
   Surface Water
OSWER/OERR
                                                           OSWER/OSW
                      28
                      30
                      32

                      34
 36
                      37

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   Table 1-1—ORD and OSWER Documents Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
                                     (Page 2 of 3)
Category
          Document Title
   Issuing
   Office
Page
 Soils
 Air
 Subsurface Gas
Treatment of Contaminated Soils with
   Aqueous Surfactants
Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification
   of Hazardous Waste
Corrective Measures for Releases to Soil
   from Solid Waste Management Units
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques
   for Contaminated Surface Soils,
   Volume 1—Technical Evaluation
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques
   for Contaminated Surface Soils,
   Volume 2—Background Information for
   In-Situ Treatment
 Technical Resource Document: Design,
   Construction, and Operation of Hazardous
   and Non-hazardous Waste Surface Impoundments
ORD/HWERL
                                                            ORD/HWERL

                                                            OSWER/OSW

                                                            ORD/HWERL
                                                            ORD/HWERL
                                                            OSWER/ORD/RREL
In-Situ Methods to Control Emissions        ORD/HWERL
   from Surface Impoundments and Landfills
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures— OSWER/OSW
   Determining Appropriate Technology and
   Response for Air Releases

Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures— OSWER/OSW
   Subsurface Gas
  39

  41

  43

  45


  47



  49



  50

  52



  54
Site Assessment and
Health Assessment
Guidance for Conducting Remedial
   Investigations and Feasibility Studies
   (RI/FS) Under CERCLA
Human Health Evaluation Manual,
   Volumes I and II
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual
Endangerment Assessment Handbook
ORD/OERR/OWPE     59
                                                           OSWER/OERR          61

                                                           OSWER/OERR          63
                                                           OSWER/OWPE         65
Construction         Field Standard Operating Procedures (FSOP)
Techniques/Procedures RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA) Guidance
                    RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance
                                       OSWER/OERR
                                       OSWER/OSW
                                       OSWER/OSW
                      69
                      71
                      73
Costing Techniques
Remedial Action Costing Procedures Manual
Removal Cost Management Manual
OSWER/OERR
OSWER/OERR
  76
  78

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  Table 1-1—ORD and OSWER Documents Relevant to RCRA Corrective Action
                                     (Page 3 of 3)
Category
QA/QC Guidance A Con
Document Title
ipendium of Superfund Field
Issuing
Office
OSWER/OERR
Page
80
Documents
   Operations

Data Quality Objectives for Remedial
   Response Activities, Volumes 1 and 2
User's Guide to the Contract Laboratory
   Program
                                                           OSWER/OERR/OWPE   82

                                                           OSWER/OERR         84
Program Guidance
Documents
RCRA Corrective Action Plan
Stabilization Technologies for RCRA
   Corrective Actions
National Contingency Plan (NCP),
   40 CFR Part 300
Superfund Remedial Design and Remedial
   Action Guidance
Community Relations in Superfund:
   A Handbook (Interim Guidance)
Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Project
   Management Handbook
Superfund State-Lead Remedial Project
   Management Handbook
State and Local Involvement in the
Superfund Program
Policy on Floodplains and Wetlands
   Assessments for CERCLA Actions
Interim Guidance on Potentially
   Responsible Party Participation in
   Remedial Investigations and Feasibility
   Studies/Revisions to the Interim
   Guidance on PRP Participation in
   Remedial Investigations and Feasibility
   Studies
OSWER/OWPE         87
ORD/CERI             89

OSWER/OERR         90

OSWER/OERR         92

OSWER/OERR         94

OSWER/OERR         94

OSWER/OERR         98

OSWER/OERR        100

OSWER/OERR        102

OSWER/OWPE        103

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           Remedial Action Technical Guidance:  Multimedia
This section reviews and summarizes a total of 10 multimedia remedial action
technical guidance documents with respect to their applicability to the RCRA
corrective measures program. Generally, these documents would be especially useful
during the evaluation and selection of potential corrective measures. The documents
describe various corrective measure technologies that can be implemented during
corrective measures activities, including mobile treatment technologies, slurry trench
construction, and in-situ waste stabilization.  These summaries follow.

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Guidance Document Name:
                                                                  *.

Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes
EPA/540/2-86/003F (PB87-135859)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status:  Final, September 1986

Environmental Media Covered: Soil, air, ground water, surface water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides an overview of currently and potentially available mobile treatment
   technologies for use on Superfund sites.

•  Discusses the capabilities and limitations of five broad treatment categories and
   specific technologies within each category.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Intended to provide project planners, on-scene coordinators, and remedial project
   managers with information on  the applicability and capabilities of mobile
   treatment as an alternative to land disposal.  Would be most useful during the
   feasibility study phase of a Superfund remedial action.

Technical Approach:

•  Technologies for thermal .treatment, immobilization, chemical treatment, physical
   treatment, and biological treatment are discussed. Each technology description
  . includes—
   -  Process description
   -  Waste type handled
   -  Restrictive waste characteristics
   -  Required onsite facilities/capabilities
   —  Environmental impacts
   -  Costs
   -  Commercial applications

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Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This provides a more detailed discussion than does the "Superfund Strategy"
   (U.S. OTA, 1985) on the waste types (including particular chemicals) for which
   each treatment process can be used.  This also discusses required onsite
   capabilities (such as electrical and water supplies or pumps) for each mobile
   technology.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides information on mobile treatment technologies to be used as an
   alternative to land disposal or permanent onsite treatment units.

•  This is most useful during the corrective measures study of a RCRA corrective
   action.
                                      8

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Guidance Document Name:

Guidance on Cleanup of Surface Tank and Drum Sites
EPA/9380.0-03 (PB87-110672)

Originating Office:

U,.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response                              . • •   _

Status:  Final, May 1985

Environmental Media Covered:

Does not specifically address any environmental media. Primary focus is
containerized waste treatment.

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides a concise description of the necessary steps to implement surface
   remedial actions for the cleanup of surface tanks and drums within the provisions
   of the National Contingency Plan.

•  Designed to be used under the direction of any engineer or scientist experienced
   in hazardous waste remedial projects.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides guidance for conducting a limited remedial investigation and a limited
   feasibility study (a limited remedial investigation refers to an investigation of one,
   problem area or source of contamination at a facility, within a relatively short
   time period, and a limited feasibility study corresponds to a limited remedial
   investigation).

•  Provides general guidance on the basic approach to developing contracts for
   remedial actions at tank and drum sites.

•  Presents a generic process for choosing treatment technologies for uncontrolled
   tank and drum sites.

Technical Approach:      „                 •

•  Flow charts are used to present a logical sequence of decisions and activities for
   the implementation of remedial actions.

•  Section 2.0 reviews the steps to conduct a remedial investigation to estimate the
   characteristics and quantities of wastes stored in aboveground tanks and drums.

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•  Section 3.0 presents steps for the evaluation and recommendation of a
   cost-effective and environmentally sound remedial alternative for wastes stored in
   drums and tanks.

*  Section 4.0 reviews typical remedial design and remedial action issues that may
   be unique to tank and drum sites.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document is designed to be used in conjunction with EPA's guidance
   documents on conducting remedial investigations: "Guidance for Conducting
   Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA."

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  Because the document addresses only containerized waste treatment, it would be
   most useful in outlining the special considerations required for implementing
   corrective measures for RCRA tank storage units.
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Guidance Document Name:

Guidance Document on Cleanup of Surface Impoundment Sites
EPA/9380.0-06 (PB87-110664)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, July 1986

Environmental Media Covered: Soil, ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides a concise definition of the necessary steps to implement surface remedial
   actions for the cleanup of surface impoundments under CERCLA.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides a systematic approach for conducting a limited remedial investigation
   and a limited feasibility study at National Priorities List sites having one or more
   surface impoundments.

Technical Approach:

•  Presents a classification scheme designed to evaluate the complexity of a surface
   impoundment site, which will determine the required scope of the limited
   remedial investigation. This classification scheme is based on—
   -  Depth to ground-water table
   -  Integrity of surface impoundment
   -  Permeability of soils

•  Discusses the four main components of a limited remedial investigation in terms
   of their purpose, techniques, and limitations. Steps for a limited remedial
   investigation are outlined in a flow diagram.

•  Provides guidance for the evaluation and selection of an appropriate remedy,
   either temporary or final.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is designed to be used in conjunction with EPA's guidance documents on
   conducting remedial investigations and feasibility studies—for example,
   "Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under
   CERCLA."

                                      11

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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This is useful in evaluating potential corrective measures for releases from surface
   impoundments.
                                     12

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Guidance Document Name:

Modeling Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
EPA/540/2-85/001 (PB85-211357)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Office of Research and Development

Status: Final, April 1988

Environmental Media Covered:

Surface water, ground water, and soil; air and fugitive dust emissions are discussed
peripherally, but the reader is referred to other documents for a detailed discussion
of these media.

Purpose  of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides guidance  on the selection and use of models for the purpose of
  • evaluating the effectiveness of remedial actions at uncontrolled hazardous waste
   sites.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Is most useful in the feasibility study portion of a Superfund remedial action.

•  Provides guidance to State and Regional staff on the need for and the selection
   and use of analytical and numerical methods for modeling remedial actions.

•  Addresses modeling assumptions and limitations, required model dimensionality,
   resource availability, and data needs.

Technical Approach:

Volume  1—Selection of Models for Remedial Assessment

•  Provides model selection methodology based on flow charts and matrices and
   guidance for State  or Regional staff in assessing the need for predictive models at
   uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.

Volume  2—Simplified Methods for Subsurface and Waste Control Actions

•  Compilation of analytical and semi-analytical methods for evaluating subsurface
   and waste control remedial actions, addressing model assumptions and
   limitations.

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Volume 3—Numerical Modeling of Surface, Subsurface, and Waste Control Actions

•  Guidance for use of numerical models for sites where more detailed analyses are
   required and where sufficient resources are available.

Volume 4—Analytical and Numerical Models for the Evaluation of Remedial Actions
in Surface Water

•  Guidance for modeling remedial actions at sites with surface-water contamination.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is broader in applicability and interpretation than other remedial action
   technical quidance documents.  Numerical and analytical modeling techniques
   could be applied to a variety of remedial action techniques and environmental
   media.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

*  This would be useful in the preliminary stages of a corrective measures study to
   evaluate which models are appropriate to predict contaminant transport and to
   predict the effectiveness of proposed corrective measures.
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Guidance Document Name:

Slurry Trench Construction for Pollution Migration Control
EPA/540/2-84/001 (PB84-177831)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory

Status:  Final, February 1984

Environmental Media Covered: Ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides reviewers of remedial action plans with the necessary background
   material to evaluate portions of the plan addressing pollution migration control
   slurry walls.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Discusses early development and use of slurry trench construction techniques.

•  Describes the following—
   -  What types of slurry walls can be expected to help control pollution migration
   -  Current theories regarding the functions of bentonite slurries and various
      backfill materials
   -  Typical slurry wall  configurations
   -  Other slurry wall configurations
   -  Other remedial measures appropriate for use in conjunction with slurry walls
   -  Procedures for planning a slurry wall configuration

Technical Approach:

•  Discusses properties and performance of three primary types of slurries:
   bentonite, soil-bentonite, and cement-bentonite.

•  Describes vertical and horizontal slurry wall configurations.

•  Discusses associated remedial measures and practices, such as ground-water
   pumping, collection and drainage systems, and surface sealing.
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•  Describes types and extent of site investigation and characterization necessary to
   determine the feasibility of using a slurry wall, including—
   -  Physical constraints
   -  Subsurface investigations
   -  Wastes and leachates
   -  Compatibility testing

•  Describes slurry wall design and construction techniques.

•  Discusses the need for and requirements of a slurry wall monitoring and
   maintenance program.

•  Itemizes the cost elements of installing a slurry wall, such as—
   —  Unit cost
   -  Construction activities
   -  Materials
   -  Equipment

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  The focus of this document is on traditional (that is, construction industry)
   application and designs for slurry walls, as compared with "Compatibility of
   Grouts With Hazardous Wastes" (EPA, 1984), which discusses the known effects
   of chemical groups commonly found in landfill leachate on the setting time and
   durability of common slurries or grouts.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This would be useful during the study and selection of potential corrective
   measures and during the development of corrective measures design.

•  This describes appropriate situations for the use of slurry walls, the properties
   and performance of slurry walls, and the need for monitoring and maintaining
   various types of slurry walls.
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Guidance Document Name:

Compatibility of Grouts with Hazardous Wastes
EPA/600/2-84/015 (PB84-139732)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory

Status:  Final, January 1984

Environmental Media Covered:  No direct discussion of any environmental medium

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•   Compiles data on the compatibility and durability of grouts in the presence of
    hazardous wastes and leachates, and summarizes the test procedures available to
    measure grout durability.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•   Presents the known effects of chemical groups commonly found in landfills on the
    setting time and durability of each grout in a soil matrix.

•   Describes the laboratory tests that should be performed to establish the
    compatibility of chemicals with grouts.

•   Would be most useful during the' feasibility study and remedial investigation
    stages of a Superfund action.

Technical Approach:

•   Discusses 12 kinds of grouts in terms of—
    -  Physical and chemical  properties
    -  Reaction theory
    -  Known  chemical compatibility

•   Uses a series of matrices to present the known and predicted effects of different
    chemical groups on the setting time and durability of the various grouts currently
    in use.

•   Describes the laboratory tests that should be performed to establish the
    compatibility of chemicals with grouts, including a very general discussion of
    advantages, disadvantages, and sources of error associated with different testing
    methods.
                                       17

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Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document provides the guidance necessary to determine waste/slurry
   compatibility through treatability studies, as compared with "Slurry Trench
   Construction for Pollution Migration Control," which contains guidance for
   traditional slurry wall design and construction.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This would provide guidance for the design of a remedy selected during a
   corrective measures study; in particular, it would provide a methodology for
   performing a treatability study to determine waste/grout compatibility for a
   particular corrective measure.
                                     18

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Guidance Document Name:

Systems to Accelerate In-Situ Stabilization of Waste Deposits
EPA/540/2-86/002 (PB87-112306)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory

Status: Final, September 1986

Environmental Media Covered:  Ground water, soil

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•   Provides the essential elements of in-situ waste stabilization methods—
    -  Selection of a chemical or biological agent that can react with and stabilize the
      waste
    -  Method for the delivery of the reactant to the  deposit
    -  Method for the recovery of the reaction products or mobilized wastes

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•   Serves as a guidance document with respect to potential technologies for in-situ
    waste stabilization as they currently exist (that is, in their conceptual or
    developmental stage).

•   Presents a methodology for the selection of delivery and recovery systems.

•   Would be useful during the remedial investigation and feasibility study  stages of
    a Superfund action.

Technical Approach:

•   Briefly describes several delivery/recovery systems in terms of the
    hydrogeologic/soil features, including depth of the waste deposit from the surface
    and depth to the water table, that would give preference to that method.
    Quantitative methods are described for determining the hydrogeologic
    parameters.
                                       19

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 •   Gives information taken form the literature, reports on demonstration studies, and
    personal communications on—
    -  Biodegradation methods
    -  Surfactant-assisted flushing
    -  Hydrolysis
    -  Chemical oxidation

 *   Provides guidance on the use of stabilization technologies at specific sites.

 Comparison With Relevant Documents:

 •   This is similar in scope to the "Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of
    Hazardous Waste" and "Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for
    Contaminated Surface Soils," Volumes 1 and 2. Although similar in methodology
    to this guidance document, the "Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of
    Hazardous Waste" is not limited to in-place stabilization techniques. "Review of
    In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils," Volumes 1 and 2,
    provides the most detailed discussion of the soil and waste characteristics  that .
    affect contaminant transport and fate.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

 •  This would be useful during a corrective measures study.

 •  This would have limited applicability for corrective measures implementation,
   although the document is more geared toward the planning stages of a RCRA
   corrective action.
                                     20

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Guidance Document Name:

Handbook for Evaluating Remedial Action Technology Plans
EPA/500/2-82/076 (PB84-118249)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory

Status:  Draft, August 1983

Environmental Media Covered:  Ground water, surface water, contaminated soil, air

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides an outline of technical information that potentially could be used to
   evaluate long-term remedial action plans for controlling or treating wastes or
   leachates at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Intended audience includes those
   involved in the review of preliminary engineering reports on formal designs of
   remedial actions at the waste sites.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Contains information on more than 50 remedial action technologies. A brief
   description, status, factors for determining feasibility and reliability, principal data
   requirements, and basic information for cost review are given for each technology.
   In addition, a general discussion of the pathways and associated remedial
   approaches  and monitoring techniques has been included, organized by media.

Technical Approach:

•  Section 2 describes general approaches to remedy problems in five media that can
   become contaminated by hazardous substances released at an uncontrolled site:
   ground water/leachate, surface water, soil, waste,  and air.  Sections 3 and 4
   describe individual technologies and engineering methods. Section 3 describes
   technologies for the physical control and containment of hazardous constituents in
   the five media. Section 4 describes treatment technologies for leachate, waste, and
   contaminated soil. Information in Sections 3 and 4 is presented in the following
   format—
   -  Description of the technology
   -  Availability of the technology
   -  Feasibility and effectiveness—technical factors important in understanding and
      reviewing the technology
   -  Major factors that determine the performance of the technology
   -  Site-specific data necessary for the design of the technology
   -  Information for analyzing technology cost estimates

                                      21

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•  Section 5 presents a general discussion of monitoring techniques for use during
   remedial activities and during the postclosure custodial period. A discussion of
   monitoring wells in the format of Sections 3 and 4 is also provided.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document is more specific in applicability than "Guidance for Conducting
   Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA."  Unlike that
   document, this document does not provide a methodology for the development
   for remedial alternatives. However, it does provide technical evaluations of more
   than 50 remedial action alternatives.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This is useful in all phases of a corrective measures study, from the preliminary
   consideration of a variety of treatment technologies to the evaluation of selected
   corrective measures.  It is particularly useful for Agency review of the feasibility,
   expected performance, design, and cost of alternatives proposed by the owner/
   operator in a corrective measures study.

*  It has limited use in the implementation of corrective measures; it describes
   monitoring techniques and postclosure custodial care.
                                      22


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Guidance Document Name:

RCRA Corrective Action Interim Measures
Control No. 9902.4 (PB91-139881)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement

Status: Final, June 1987

Environmental Media Covered:

Ground water, surface water, soils, air, gas migration

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  For use  by Regional (and State) enforcement staff for developing language in
   RCRA §3008(h) enforcement orders for guiding the implementation of interim
   measures.  Specific interim measures for the following types of waste
   management units are specified—
   -  Containers                                     -
   -  Surface impoundments
   —  Landfills
   -  Waste piles
   -  Tanks

•  In addition, interim measures have been identified for the following media
   and/or  pollution events—
   -  Ground water
   -  Surface water
   -  Gas  migration
   -  Air emissions

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Identifies and lists the various types of interim measures that have been used at
   various  Superfund sites for potential use at RCRA sites.

Technical Approach:

•  An implementation  strategy and a set of decision criteria for use in the
   development of interim measures language in RCRA §3008(h) orders or permits
   are identified.  A set of 11 questions for assisting Regional staff in reviewing
   pertinent facts about the facility .and in assessing the need for interim measures is
   given.

                                      23

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•  Enforcement order language is given for multiple interim measures techniques for
   each of the waste management units, environmental media, and pollution events
   listed above.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  The ORD and OERR handbook titled "Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites"
   provides technical information on the advantages and disadvantages of many of
   the techniques identified in this document.  That handbook also provides details
   on "permanent" solutions.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This draft guidance is a useful listing of potential interim measures that may be
   implemented at RCRA facilities undergoing corrective action.

•  Measures specified in a §3008(h) order should be coordinated with the Regional
   and/or State permit writer(s) to ensure compatibility with long-term corrective
   measures implementation plans.
                                      24

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         Remedial Action Technical Guidance:  Media-Specific
This section includes a total of 16 media-specific guidance documents issued by
OEKR, ORD, and OSWER. These documents are especially useful for the evaluation
and selection stages of a corrective measures study. In general, the documents by
themselves do not provide adequate technical detail for corrective measures
implementation. Among the remedial technologies discussed are those for
contaminated ground water, surface water, soil, and air and for the migration of
subsurface gas.  The following summaries include individual assessments of the
applicability of the documents to RCRA program corrective measures
implementation.
                                     25

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Guidance Document Name:

Leachate Plume Management
EPA/540/2-85/004 (PB86-122330)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory

Status:  Final, November 1985

Environmental Media Covered: Ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides government and industry personnel with the means to successfully
   control leachate plumes from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides an overview of the fundamental concepts, procedures, and technologies
   used in leachate plume management.

Technical Approach:

•  Discusses plume dynamics—
   -  Ground-water flow patterns
   -  Effects of leachate characteristics

*  Discusses plume delineation procedures and data.

•  Discusses plume control technologies.

•  Discusses theory and design of ground-water pumping, subsurface drains, and
   low-permeability barriers.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•   This document provides a more thorough treatment of the hydrogeologic factors
    affecting leachate flow than does "Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate"
    (SW-871), which mainly addresses leachate treatment alternatives.
                                     26


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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides background information on the theory and design of potential
   corrective measures to address ground-water contamination resulting from
   leachate plumes.
                                      27

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Gxtidance Document Name:

Management of Hazardous Waste Leachate (SW-871R)
PB91-181578

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status:  Final, August 1980

Environmental Media Covered:  Leachate in ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides guidance for permit officials and disposal site operators on available
   management options for controlling, treating, and disposing of hazardous waste
   leachates.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides overviews of leachate generation and characteristics.

•  Presents alternatives for leachate treatment and disposal.

•  Provides broad guidance for the design of a monitoring program.

*  In general, provides narrative qualitative discussions of treatment alternatives and
   refers the reader to other documents for the technical detail necessary for the
   selection or implementation of a treatment alternative.

Technical Approach:

•  Presents a broad discussion of three hazardous waste leachate management
   options—
   -  Treatment as hazardous waste
   -  Onsite management
   -  Leachate treatment/disposal

•  Presents a treatment process applicability matrix that rates the effectiveness of
   different treatment processes for different chemical waste types as good, fair,
   poor, or variable.

•  Presents a matrix of treatment process versus residuals and gaseous emissions
   generated.
                                      28

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•  Presents a flow chart of leachate treatment process selection methodology based
   on—
   -  Evaluation of leachate quality
   -  Treatability studies
   -  Pilot-scale studies
   -  Full-scale studies

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document should be used in conjunction with "Leachate Plume
   Management/' which provides a more rigorous treatment of the hydrogeologic
   factors affecting leachate plume development.

Applicability to kCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document has limited applicability, but it might be useful as a bibliography
   of other guidance documents; however, much material contained within may be
   outdated.
                                      29

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Guidance Document Name:

Corrective Measures for Releases to Ground Water from Solid Waste Management
Units
EPA/530/SW-88/020 (PB88-185251)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status:  Draft final

Environmental Media Covered: Ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Uses technology assessments and case studies to evaluate the relative success or
   failure of each technology for various hydrologic settings and waste types.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Describes the steps involved in assessing the need for corrective measures at solid
   waste management units.

•  Provides an overview of corrective measures applicable to releases to ground
   water at solid waste management units.

Technical Approach:

•  Describes the steps involved in assessing the need for corrective measures—
   -  Source characterization
   -  Hazardous constituent distribution
   -  Fate and transport mechanisms
   -  Receptor identification
   -  Risk assessment

•  Both source control technologies and ground-water control/treatment technologies
    are described in terms of—
   -  Status of technology (that is, emerging, proven)
   -  Hydrogeologic/hazardous constituent applicability
   -  Additional remedial measures required
   -  Effectiveness
                                      30

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•  Case study reports include—
   -  Site characteristics
      •   Soils
      •   Geology
      •   Hydrology
   -  Releases
      •   Types and causes of releases
      ' •   Mechanisms for detection
      •   Extent of contamination
   -  Remedial actions
      •   Response
      •   Success/failure

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is part of a group of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
   ground water, and soil. By itself, this document does not provide adequate
   technical detail  to select or implement a corrective measure so it should be used
   in conjunction with other technical guidance documents listed in this
   Compendium.
                                    *
Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document  evaluates the relative success or failure for various ground-water
   corrective measures technologies for various hydrologic settings and waste types.
                                      31

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Guidance Document Name:

Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites
EPA/540/G-88/003 (PB89-184618)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency find
Remedial Response

Status: Final, December 1988

Environmental Media Covered:  Ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Describes how to develop, evaluate, and select remedial actions for ground-water
   remediation under the Superfund program.

•  Provides guidance and key considerations to be addressed when selecting a
   ground-water remedy during the CERCLA«feasibility study of alternatives.

•  Helps ensure that the most cost-effective alternative is chosen during Superfund
   activities.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  The document is intended for an audience of—
   -  Contractors planning and  executing CERCLA remedial investigations and
      feasibility studies
   -  EPA Regional project managers responsible for the quality and completeness
      of remedial investigations and feasibility studies
   —  EPA Regional project managers and other decisionmakers responsible for the
      selection and performance evaluation of ground-water remedial actions

•  Relevant to CERCLA remedial investigations and feasibility studies.

Technical Approach:

•  Identifies the type of ground-water problems at the site, including the type of
   chemicals present and the horizontal and vertical extent of contamination.

•  Remedial alternatives that remedy ground-water problems are developed from
   individual technologies that address site-specific problems.
                                     32

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•  Remediation targets for carcinogens range from 10"4 to 10"7 excess lifetime cancer
   risk; remediation targets for noncarcinogens are set according to applicable
   standards and criteria.

•  Remediation targets are achieved within an acceptable period of time in the area
   of attainment (that is, the area between the waste source and the boundary of the
   plume.) Ground water with characteristics of Class I aquifers are expected to be
   restored most rapidly (for example, within 1 to 5 years).

•  Ground-water remediation levels must be determined before the effectiveness of
   remedial actions can be evaluated. Remediation levels are defined by applicable
   or relevant and appropriate Federal requirements.

•  The choice  of a  remediation alternative depends on the following criteria for
   evaluation—
   -  Class of ground water affected—Type I, II, or III
   -  Availability  of alternative water supply
   -  Ability to control/monitor plume movement
   -  Future -ground-water uses
   -  Effectiveness of institutional controls
   -  Other health risks borne by the affected population
   -  Costs
   -  Technical effectiveness of ground-water restoration
   -  Potential for plume spreading
   —  Performance monitoring
   -  Hydrogeologic  setting

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  The development and evaluation of remedial actions for contaminated ground
   water should be performed in accordance with "Guidance for Conducting
   Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA."

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document would be useful in selecting, evaluating, and developing
   appropriate cover measures at RCRA facilities with, contaminated ground water.
                                      33

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Guidance Document Name:

Discharge of Waste Water from CERCLA Sites into Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs)
OSWER Directive No. 9330.2-04 (PB90-249616)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, April 15,1986

Environmental Media Covered: Surface water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Highlights technical and policy concerns expressed in meetings between EPA and
   the Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Authorities regarding the use and
   selection of publicly owned treatment works for CERCLA wastewater.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

*  Discusses proposed criteria on the use and selection of publicly owned treatment
   works for CERCLA wastewater.

Technical Approach:

•  Discusses the National Pretreatment Program requirements applicable to the
   introduction of nondomestic wastewater into a publicly owned treatment works.

•  Discusses points to evaluate in determining whether a publicly owned treatment
   works may accept wastewater from a CERCLA site.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document is unique in scope.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document presents considerations to evaluate prior to remedy selection
   where the discharge of wastewater from a contaminated site  into a publicly
   owned treatment works is among the alternatives.
                                     34

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Guidance Document Name:

Corrective Measures for Releases to Surface Water
EPA/530/SW-90/085 (PB91-102046)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status:  Draft final

Environmental Media Covered: Surface water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides guidance to identify the need for corrective measures and to identify
   mechanisms to correct releases to surface water.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides description of the steps necessary in—
   -  Assessment of the need for corrective measures
   -  Control of sources of contamination
   -  Technologies for off site containment, recovery, and treatment

•  Uses case studies to demonstrate how to select and implement corrective
   measures for releases to surface waters.

Technical Approach:

•  Provides a narrative, tabular, and checklist approach to—
   -  Assessment of the need for corrective measures
   -  Source control
   -  Offsite corrective measures

•  Case studies are summarized in terms of—
   -  Types of releases    -                              '
   -  Waste types
   -  Response action

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is part of a group of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
   ground water, and soil.  By itself, this document does  not provide' adequate
   technical detail to select or implement a corrective action so it should be used in
   conjunction with other technical guidance documents in this Compendium.
                                      35

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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document provides guidance for the selection and implementation of
   corrective measures to address releases to surface water under RCRA, although
   this document by itself would not provide adequate technical detail for corrective
   measures selection or implementation.
                                     36

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Guidance Document Name:

Treatment of Contaminated Soils with Aqueous Surfactants
EPA/600/2-85/12a (PB86-122561)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory

Status:, Interim, November 1985

Environmental Media Covered: Soil, ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Reports the results of bench-scale treatability studies conducted to determine
   whether the efficiency of water-washing surf-contaminated soils could be
   enhanced through the use of aqueous surfactants.

•  Makes limited recommendations for the selection of such a surfactant for the
   in-situ treatment of contaminated soils.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Uses a traditional research approach to  evaluate methods for the in-situ treatment
   of contaminated soils.

•  Would be most useful as a tool for further research on in-situ treatment methods
   or full-scale studies at Superfund sites.

Technical Approach:

•  The reports of the study include—
   -   Results of a literature search on methods for the in-situ treatment of soils
       contaminated with different waste types
   -   Results of the laboratory study
   -   Recommendations for selecting a surfactant for the in-situ treatment of
       contaminated soils
   -   Recommendations for further studies

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  Unlike other guidance documents (for example, "Mobile Treatment Technologies
   for Superfund Wastes" (EPA, 1986)), this report is not a guide for selecting the
   best treatment technology for contaminated soils. Rather, it is a tool for
    conducting full-scale studies for in-situ  treatment at Superfund sites.

                                      37

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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document does not have proven applicability for full-scale corrective actions
   to address soil contamination at RCRA sites.  It would be most useful as a tool for
   further research.
                                      38


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Guidance Document Name:

Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Waste
EPA/540/2-86/001 (PB87-116745)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste "Engineering
Research Laboratory                                     i

Status:  Final, June 1986

Environmental  Media Covered:  Soil/sediment

Purpose of the  Guidance Document:

•  Provides designers and reviewers of remedial action plans with the information
   necessary to judge the feasibility of stabilization/solidification technology for the
   control of pollutant migration from land-based hazardous waste disposal units.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Discusses the general chemical systems involved in stabilization/solidification
   technologies to provide the background information necessary for the selection of
   the optimum treatment option for a specific waste.

•  Addresses design requirements  and preliminary cost estimating for selected
   stabilization/solidification alternatives.

•  Would be most useful during the feasibility study portion of a Superfund action.
                                                                        •
Technical Approach:

•  Based  on field surveys, four stabilization/solidification scenarios are developed
   and compared in terms of—
   -   Project sequencing '
   -   Equipment requirements
   -   Costs
   -   Special safety and environmental concerns
   -   Possible  modifications of treatment alternatives to reduce cost

•  Discusses several waste stabilization/solidification techniques in terms of—
   -   Chemical basis for technology and commercial formulations in common use
   -   Waste and site characterizations appropriate for treatment process evaluation
   -   Protocols for bench-scale testing
   -   Sampling and testing protocols for assessing containment efficiency
   -   Final site cleanup and monitoring

                                     '39

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Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  The focus is on a methodology for corrective measures selection, as in "Systems to
   Accelerate In-Situ Stabilization of Waste Deposits"; however, this document
   addresses both in-situ and offsite waste stabilization.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  Monitoring and testing protocols would be useful in evaluating stabilization and
   solidification as an appropriate remedial alternative.
                                       40

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Guidance Document Name:

Corrective Measures for Releases to Soil from Solid Waste Management Units
EPA/530/SW-88/022 (PB88-185277)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status:  August 1985 (Contractor's Final Report)

Environmental Media Covered:  Soil
                          •   •                            ' %
Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides guidance on selecting corrective measures in response to a hazardous
   constituent release to soil.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides parameters and criteria that should be considered in selecting a
   particular remedial response for specific site conditions and identified
   compounds.

•  Discusses the need for corrective measures through the review of the potential for
   hazardous constituents released to soil to be transported to other media.

•  Provides an overview of corrective measures.

•  Discusses case studies where releases to soil have occurred and identifies
   corrective measures undertaken to clean up the soil.

•  Provides recommendations for the application of corrective measures to soil
   releases.

Technical Approach:

•  Describes a stepwise process for assessing the need for corrective measures—
   -  Source characterization
   -  Extent of contamination
   - ' Fate and transport
   -  Exposure assessment
   -  Hazard (toxicity) assessment and characterization
                                      41

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•  Discusses the various types of removal/containment and treatment technologies
  * that apply to the remediation of releases to soils.
   -  Proven technologies—successfully used at sites to clean up hazardous wastes
      from soils
   -  Imminent technologies—proven in the laboratory and successfully used in the
      field through pilot-scale studies
   -  Emerging technologies—currently in the laboratory testing stage

•  Reviews case studies that demonstrate how to select and implement corrective
   measures for releases to soils from solid waste management units.

•  Presents recommendations on how to select and implement corrective measures.
                   *
*  Includes factors to consider in selecting corrective measures for releases to soils,
   such as—
   -  Soil conditions
   -  Site location
   -  Hydrogeology                               •
   -  Implementability
   -  Cost

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is part of a group  of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
   ground water, and soil. By itself, this document does not provide the technical
   detail to choose or implement a corrective action.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document provides guidance for the selection and implementation of
   potential corrective measures in response to a contaminant release to soils,
   although this document by itself would not provide adequate technical detail for
   corrective measures selection or implementation.
                                      42

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Guidance Document Name:

Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils,
Volume 1—Technical Evaluation
EPA/540/2-84/003 (PB85-124881)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory

Status: Final, July 1984

Environmental Media Covered:

Soils, but indirectly addresses ground water, surface water, and air

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Discusses the selection of the appropriate in-place treatment technology for a
   particular site and provides specific information on each technology.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides a  narrative discussion of different in-place treatment technologies.

•  Provides data for estimating costs.

•  Discusses engineering practices for modifying soil properties to make in-place
   treatment more effective.

•  Would be most useful during the feasibility study of a Superfund action.

Technical Approach:

•  Contains the following information—
   -   Process description
   -   Information requirements for technology application
   -   Wastes  amenable to treatment
   -   Current status of technology
   -   Ease of application
   -   Potentially achievable levels of treatment
   -   Long-term reliability of the technology
   -   Secondary impacts
   -   Required equipment and materials
                                      43

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•  Discusses engineering methods for increasing the effectiveness of in-place
   treatment by modifying the following properties of soil—
   —  Oxygen content
   -  Moisture content
   -  Nutrient content
   -  PH
   -  Soil temperature

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

*  Volumes 1 and 2 are similar in scope to "Review of In-Place Treatment
   Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils"; however, these volumes provide a
   more detailed discussion of the soil and waste characteristics that affect
   contaminant transport and fate.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
                                               i
•  This document is useful for determining the potential of in-situ treatment
   technologies to address contaminated soils at a RCRA corrective action site.

*  The discussion of engineering methods for modifying soil characteristics to
   improve the effectiveness of treatment technologies would be useful during the
   initial or planning stages of corrective measures implementation.
                                       44

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 Guidance Document Name:

 Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils,
 Volume 2—Background Information for In-Situ Treatment
 EPA/540/2-84/003B (PB85-124889)

 Originating Office:

 U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
 Research Laboratory

 Status:  Final, July 1984

 Environmental Media Covered:

 Soils, but indirectly addresses ground water, surface water, and air

 Purpose of the Guidance Document:

 •  Provides background information and related chemical data to support the
   treatment methodology described in Volume 1.

 Scope of the Guidance Document:

 •  Presents information on—
   -  Monitoring to determine treatment effectiveness
   -  Characterization of the behavior and fate of hazardous constituents in soil
      waste  systems
   -  Properties for various compounds that affect their interactions with soil
      adsorption, degradation, and volatilization

 •  Most useful during the feasibility study and the postclosure monitoring phases of
   a Superfund action.

Technical Approach:

 •  Discusses the specific site and soil characteristics that need to be evaluated when
   assessing a site for in-situ treatment—
   -  Soil type and extent
   -  Soil profile properties
   -  Hydraulic properties and conditions
   -  Geological and hydrogeological factors
   -  Meteorological and climatological data
                                      45

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•  Discusses one-dimensional transport models to describe the behavior of waste
   constituents in soil systems. These models represent a first-cut approach to
   ranking waste types with respect to potential mobility and, therefore, treatment
   priority.

•  Includes specific monitoring information for each medium (soil, water, and air)
   and cost estimates for various monitoring techniques.

•  The appendix contains a data base for assessing the soil waste interactions of
   individual chemicals, describing the following parameters—
   -  Chemical properties
   -  Adsorption parameters
   -  Degradation parameters
   -  Volatilization parameters

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  See "Review  of In-Place Treatment Techniques for Contaminated Surface Soils,"
   Volume 1.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document provides the technical guidance necessary to select a remedy
   during a corrective measures study.

•  The document provides monitoring information that would be useful in
   evaluating the effectiveness of an in-situ soil treatment technology.
                                      46

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Guidance Document Name:

Technical Resource Document: Design, Construction, and Operation, of Hazardous
and Non-Hazardous Waste Surface Impoundments
EPA/530/SW-91/054 (PB91-204 354)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Research and
Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory

Status: Final, June 1991

Environmental Media Covered:

Discusses soils, but only in terms of their appropriateness as cover material

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides design guidance on final covers for hazardous waste units. The
   recommended  design satisfies the requirements of 40 CFR 264 and 365, Subparts
   G (closure and postclosure), K (surface impoundments), and N (landfills).

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Presents the Agency-recommended final cover system design in detail, as well as
   considerations  for construction quality assurance. Attention is given to erosion,
   settlement, and subsidence  and their potential cover-damaging effects.

Technical Approach:

•  A separate section of the document is devoted to the design details of each layer
   of recommended cover. A  discussion of the rationale for the recommended
   specification is included.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is the only guidance document in this Compendium that specifically
   addresses cover systems.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document would apply to the implementation of a RCRA  corrective action
   with respect to designing covers for closure or cleanup.
                                     47

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Guidance Document Name:

In-Situ Methods to Control Emissions from Surface Impoundments and Landfills
EPA/600/2-85/124 (PB86-121365)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory

Status: Final, October 1985

Environmental Media Covered: Air

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides the results of a study that included laboratory investigations and
   literature reviews on methods of reducing emissions of volatile organic
   compounds (VOC's) from surface impoundments and landfills.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Discusses several in-situ methods for controlling VOC emissions from landfills
   and surface impoundments, and draws conclusions with respect to the suitability
   of each method under various circumstances.

Technical Approach:

•  Control methods discussed are—
   -   Complete enclosure of a surface impoundment
   -   Use  of floating solid objects
   -   Shape modification for surface impoundments
   -   Aerodynamic modification (that is, wind barriers)
   -   Floating oil layers and surfactants
   -   Synthetic covers for landfills

•  Control methods are discussed in terms of—
   -   Relevant test results (cited from the literature)
   -   Parameters affecting the effectiveness  of the control method, such as its
       construction materials, or climate

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is intermediate in its applicability to Superfund actions between a scientific
   research report (for example, "Treatment  of Contaminated Soils With Aqueous
   Surfactants" (EPA, 1985)) and a Superfund guidance document (for example,
   "Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes" (EPA, 1986)).

                                     48

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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This will be useful as background data to evaluate potential corrective measures
   that address VOC emissions at surface impoundments and landfills.
                                       49

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Guidance Document Name:

Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures—Determining Appropriate Technology
and Response for Air Releases
EPA/530/SW-88/021 (PB88-185269)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status:  March 1985 (Contractor's Final Report)

Environmental Media Covered: Air

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Assists EPA and State personnel in implementing RCRA corrective action
   provisions by providing a central source of information on air emission control
   technologies and techniques for hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
   facilities.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

*  Describes waste management unit decision and operation practices that prevent or
   control vapor and particulate releases from containerized waste storage, storage
   tanks, surface impoundments, landfills, land treatment, and waste piles.

•  Discusses control technologies used in the industrial/commercial sector.

Technical Approach:

•  Uses flow charts, tables, and narrative descriptions to characterize corrective
   measures technologies by—
   -  Facility-specific applicability
   -  Cost-effectiveness
   —  Effectiveness in reducing air emissions

*  Discussess corrective measures for specific facility types in terms of—
   -  Major causes for releases
   —  Control options available
   -  Advantages/disadvantages of the various control options      —
                                                                       •te?
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is part of a group of documents that addresses releases to air, surface water,
   ground water, and soil.  By itself, this document does not provide the technical
   detail to choose or implement a corrective action.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:
         *    '
•  This provides guidance for the selection of potential corrective measures to
   address air releases, although this document ;by itself would not provide adequate
   technical detail for corrective measures selection or implementation.
                                        51

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Guidance Document Name:

Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures—Subsurface Gas
EPA/530/SW-88/023 (PB88-185285)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status:  March 1985 (Contractor's Final Report)

Environmental Media Covered:  Subsurface gas

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Assists in the assessment of the potential for subsurface gas generation and
   migration from these facilities and describes potential corrective measures.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides an overview of factors that affect subsurface gas generation and
   migration.

•  Provides methods to identify a subsurface gas release by the presence of specific
   hazardous waste constituents.

*  Describes criteria for emergency situations, investigation methods, and potential
   remedies.

Technical Approach:

•  Discusses regulatory/statutory requirements—
   -  Concentration limits
   -  Definition of a release
   -  Indicator constituents

•  Discusses forms of gas generation in terms of biological, chemical, and physical
   decomposition.

•  Discusses barriers affecting gas migration.  .

•  Provides checklists for identifying subsurface gas releases during a preliminary
   assessment.

•  Describes subsurface sampling techniques.
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•  Discusses data requirements for the development of models to predict the
   migration of subsurface gas.

•  Discusses procedures for subsurface gas field monitoring.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document is unique within the scope of this Compendium.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document has primary applicability to investigation and corrective measure
   phases; it provides a format for subsurface gas field monitoring and for sampling
   the volatile organics present in subsurface gas.
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               Site Assessment and Health Assessment
This section reviews and summarizes a total of four site assessment guidance
documents. These documents would be most useful for the site investigation and
assessment steps that would be conducted prior to a corrective measures study.
Several of the documents describe data collection and analysis techniques for
assessing the potential for, types of, and degree of hazard that may result from a
contaminant release. As these documents are generally more closely related to the
RFA/RFI phases of corrective action than to corrective measures implementation,
their use in the corrective measures study will be limited.  The summaries follow.
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Guidance Document Name:

Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies (RI/FS)
Under CERCLA
EPA/540/G-89/004 (PB89-184626)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Office of Waste Programs Enforcement

Status: October 1988

Environmental Media Covered:  Ground water, surface water, air, soil
                                                                    *
Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides technical guidance to Superfund staff, contractors, and potentially
   responsible parties on how to conduct a remedial investigation and a feasibility
   study under CERCLA.

•  Describes how to  characterize the extent of existing contamination and the
   potential for a release to soils, ground water, surface water, and air from
   uncontrolled hazardous waste sites on the National Priorities List.

•  Describes the interplay of the remedial investigation and feasibility study
   activities during the development of a response.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides guidance on National Contingency Plan requirements that must be met
   by Regions, their contractors, and potentially responsible parties in conducting
   CERCLA site investigations.

Technical Approach:

•  Focus on data collection and site characterization to provide the information
   required for a detailed analysis of alternatives conducted during the feasibility
   study.

•  Initial activities consist of collecting and evaluating existing information on site
   and waste characteristics, migration pathways, receptors, and potential, impacts on
   public health, welfare, and the environment.
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•  A sampling plan is developed to determine the extent of hazardous contamination
   at the site and to specify field activities required for the remedial investigation.  A
   quality assurance program is required to ensure that proper collection, transport,
   and validation procedures were used.

•  Health and safety activities are used when any type of field work is involved.
   These activities are designed to protect the investigative team and the general
   public against chemical hazards, physical injuries, and fire.

*  Site characterizations provide data to support decisions to be made in the
   feasibility study. As such, they encompass a wide variety of waste and site
   conditions, such as physical and chemical properties of wastes, site engineering,
   geology, hydrogeology, surface-water conditions, and atmospheric processes.  Site
   characterization activities may include a review of existing data, geologic and
   hydrogeologic investigations, sampling and analysis of -all media, and quantitative
   numerical modeling to determine the fate and transport of contaminants.

•  The remedial investigation guidance does not require that all three levels be
   completed; the process may terminate at any level provided that sufficient data
   have been obtained to support, at a minimum, the screening of remedial
   technologies and alternatives.

•  The focus, data needs, and data evaluations conducted at each level of the
   investigation are described.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  The CERCLA remedial investigation three-level data collection process is similar
   to the RFI two-step data collection process: Level I under remedial investigation
   guidance essentially the same as the collection and review of existing information
   in the RFI; Levels II and III problem quantification and detailed investigation in
   CERCLA remedial investigations are similar to RFI formulation and
   implementation of the field investigation step.

•  The CERCLA remedial investigation activities focus on all hazardous substances
   named in CERCLA §102 (which include the constituents regulated under RCRA,
   the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, and others), while the RFI specifically
   adds constituents listed in 40 CFR Part 261, Appendix VIII.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document provides guidance for data collection and site characterization
   necessary prior to the study and selection of appropriate corrective measures.
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Guidance Document Name:

Human Health Evaluation Manual
Volume I—EPA/540/1-89/002 (PB90-155581)
Volume II—EPA/540/1-89/001 (PB90-155599)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, 1989

Environmental Media Covered: All potential exposure pathways

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Establishes an institutional framework for public health evaluation at Superfund
   sites.

•  Issues  guidance on the development of health-based performance goals for
   remedial alternatives.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  This is to be used during CERCLA remedial investigation and feasibility study
   activities to meet the requirements of the National Contingency Plan for
   conducting public health evaluations.

•  The procedures in this document are to be used during the feasibility study and
   at sites where endangerment assessments are conducted pursuant to CERCLA
   §106.

Technical Approach:

•  Covers agency rules, policies, and guidelines, as well as an overview of the use of
   indicator chemicals to assess risk.

•  Has procedures conforming with EPA risk assessment guidelines.

•  Details the use of public health assessment information in the feasibility study.

•  Describes statutory and regulatory authorities for implementing risk assessments.

•  Outlines the appropriate methods for the selection of indicator chemicals.
                                      57

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•  Describes methods for estimating exposure point concentrations of indicator
   chemicals.

•  Describes methods for estimating chemical intakes or exposures through the
   various environmental media.

•  Describes the implementation of a toxicity assessment.
                 *
•  Details the steps involved in risk characterization.

•  Describes the development of performance goals and the analysis of risks for
   remedial alternatives.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is designed to supplement a chapter 5 in "Guidance for Conducting
   Remedial Investigations and Feasibilities Studies Under CERCLA."

•  This should be used in tandem with the "Superfund Exposure Assessment
   Manual."

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This has useful information on contaminant toxicity and other properties and on
   health assessment techniques.
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Guidance Document Name:

Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual
EPA/540/1-88/001 (PB89-135859)

Originating Office:                                       '

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, April 1988

Environmental Media Covered: Air, soils, surface water, ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Complements the "Human Health Evaluation Manual" by describing how to
   develop both quantitative and qualitative exposure information at uncontrolled
   waste sites to support a public health evaluation during the feasibility study.

•  Presents procedures  for making an analysis of contaminant release, transport, and
   fate, along with human population exposure.

Scope of the Guidance  Document:

•  This is to be used during the CERCLA remedial investigation and feasibility study
   activities to meet the requirements of the National Contingency Plan for
   conducting public health evaluations. It should be used in conjunction with the
   "Human Health Evaluation Manual" and "Endangerment Assessment
   Handbook."

•  The procedures in this document are meant to be applied during the feasibility
   study to analyze the baseline, "no action" alternative.

Technical Approach:

•  Presents a framework for conducting an exposure assessment based on the
   following steps—
   -  Contaminant release analysis—medium-specific analysis of mass loadings of
      each target chemical to specific environmental media
   -  Environmental fate analysis—description of the extent and magnitude of
      environmental contamination, which allows user to predict human population
      contact with chemicals from the site
   -  Exposed populations analysis—identification, enumeration, and
      characterization of those population segments likely to be exposed
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   —  Integrated exposure analysis—individual exposure estimates for each exposure
      route (that is, inhalation, ingestion of drinking water and/or food, dermal
      contact) developed for released chemicals

•  Provides mathematical equations for predicting emissions rates from wastes to air,
   soils, surface water, and ground water.  Also describes appropriate computer
   models for estimating emissions rates.

•  Describes mathematical and computer modeling approaches to determining the
   envkonmental fate of contaminants in air, surface water, ground water, and biotic
   fate pathways.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document is designed to provide quantitative information on exposures at
   hazardous waste sites needed to conduct a Superfund public health evaluation as
   required in the National Contingency Plan. Accordingly, the document is a more
   detailed and comprehensive document on exposure assessments than the "RCRA
   Exposure Information Assessment" guidance document.

•  This covers fundamentally the same media and types of release considered in the
   "RCRA Exposure Information Assessment" guidance document.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This would be most useful in the facility assessment and investigation steps that
   would be conducted prior to a corrective measures study.
                                     60

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 Guidance Document Name:

 The Endangerment Assessment Handbook
 OSWER Directive No. 9850.1 (PB91-139683)

 Originating Office:

 U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Programs
 Enforcement

 Status:  Final, November 1985

 Environmental Media Covered: All

 Purpose of the Guidance Document:

 •   Provides technical and procedural guidelines for developing and conducting
    endangerment assessments to support administrative and judicial enforcement
    actions under CERCLA §106(a) and RCRA §7003. The endangerment assessment
    process should be initiated as spon as a site is identified as an enforcement site
    and  administrative or judicial actions are considered.

 •   Describes how to initiate the endangerment assessment process once a site has
    been identified as a CERCLA §106 or RCRA §7003 enforcement site, which may
    take place at any point in the overall corrective action process after site
    identification.

 Scope of the Guidance Document:

 •   Assists EPA Regional, State, and contractor personnel in conducting and
    evaluating the endangerment assessment and in preparing necessary
    documentation that will justify the enforcement needs of each case.

 •   Provides the basis for the findings of fact in administrative orders, consent
    degrees, and complaints.

Technical Approach:

 •  Presents and discusses the content and recommended format for the
   endangerment assessment document—
   -  Contaminant identification—screens the information available on types and
      concentrations of hazardous substances or wastes present at the site and
      identifies those contaminants of concern based on their intrinsic toxicological
      properties, concentration and distribution, or their potential release to critical
      exposure routes and subsequent migration into the surrounding environment.
      If sufficient information on contaminants at the site is unavailable, sampling
      and analysis for suspected contaminants and locations should be initiated.

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   -  Exposure assessment—identifies the type and concentration of each
      contaminant of concern and determines the amount of each contaminant
      released to each environmental medium. Identifies the potential exposure
      (transport) routes associated with each contaminant. Identifies and analyzes
      populations, including human populations, fish, and wildlife populations, that
      may be at risk.  Determines the exposure levels based  on frequency, mode,
      and magnitude of exposure to a given contaminant.
   -  Toxicity assessment—evaluates adverse effects of each contaminant, doses
      employed, routes of administration (oral, dermal, inhalation), and quality of
      test data to determine the toxicity profile of the contaminant.  Next, a dose-
      response relationship is determined that estimates a quantitative risk from
      exposure to the contaminant of concern.
   -  Risk characterization—attains a risk assessment by integrating the information
      developed during the exposure and toxicity assessments to yield a qualitative
      value of risk.  The final risk assessment should include a summary of the
      uncertainties of each component per risk, the risk associated with various
      subpopulations, assumptions used in calculating the risks, the relation
      between risks, and  an acceptable contaminant concentration level.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:         ?

•  This document was prepared before either the "Human Health Evaluation
   Manual" or the "Superfund Endangerment Assessment Manual," although this
   document references the "Human Health Evaluation Manual."  This was prepared
   to complement the information that was to be provided in those documents.
   Accordingly, both the "Human Health Evaluation Manual" and the "Superfund
   Endangerment Assessment Manual" reference their applicability to the conduct of
   endangerment assessments and should be considered consistent with each other,
   although not identical.

*  Because this is designed to provide information sufficient to support an
   administrative order under CERCLA §106 or RCRA §7003, the information
   collection described is more detailed than that required under the "RCRA
   Exposure Information Assessment" guidance document.  Information collected
   using the exposure information assessment guidance must only demonstrate that
   a potential problem exists that should be investigated further, but it cannot
   support an enforcement action, which may require more  quantitative  data.

*  The procedures described in this document are similar to those described in the
   CERCLA and feasibility study documents; in those cases where an enforcement
   action is initiated after completion of a remedial investigation or  feasibility study,
   the requirements of this document may be met by the "Site Characterization" and
   "Analysis of No-Action Alternative" sections of the remedial investigation and
   feasibility study document.
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This would be most useful in the site assessment and investigation and
   assessment steps that would be conducted prior to a corrective measures study.
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                 Construction Techniques/Procedures
This section includes a total of three documents that specify construction techniques
and field operating procedures. The following summaries include brief assessments
of the applicability of the documents to RCRA program corrective measures
implementation.
                                     64

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Guidance Document Name:

Field Standard Operating Procedures (FSOP)
#6—Control No. 9285.2-04 (PB91-213827)
#7—Control No. 9285.2-02 (PB91-213850)
#8—Control No, 9285.2-03 (PB91-213843)
#9—Control No. 9285.2-05 (PB91-213835)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status:  Final, January (#7 and #8) and April (#6 and #9) 1985

Environmental Media Covered: Soil and air

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Outlines procedures that should be followed to minimize the risk of exposure to
   hazardous substances.

•  Each of the four FSOP's  reviewed outlines the operating procedures for specific
   components of the remedial action program, including—
   -  Work zones (#6)
   -  Decontamination of response personnel (#7)
   -  Air surveillance (#8)
   -  Preparation of a site safety plan (#9)

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Applies to emergency  response team members, remedial action team members,
   and personnel who plan for emergency responses or remedial actions.

Technical Approach:

•  Each FSOP addresses a different aspect of personnel protection at contaminated
   sites. Each FSOP is divided into different sections.  The sections generally
   provide the following—
   -  A general description of the given protective measures and why and when
      they are necessary
   -  A description of the different levels of protection available within the given
      protective measure (for example, the types of incidents encountered when
      performing air surveillance or the degree of stringency when choosing
      personal protective equipment)
                                     65

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•  Factors and criteria to consider when choosing a plan of action (for example, how
   to select the locations of and the stringency of procedures to follow in different
   work zones)—
   -  Descriptions of techniques that can or should be employed
   -  Step-by-step instructions (for example, 13 steps in putting on level A
      protective equipment)
   -  Checklists (for example, minimum data required for safety both before and
      after a response)

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  Most of these FSOP's were developed from the November 1984 "Standard
   Operating Safety Guides."

•  These FSOP's are to be used by field technicians, as opposed to administrative,
   managerial, and quality assurance officers.  "A Compendium of Superfund Field
   Operations" fulfills the information needs of the managerial personnel.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  These documents will be useful in guiding field-related activities and for ensuring
   that OSHA standards are met during corrective measures implementation.
                                      66


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Guidance Document Name:

RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA) Guidance
EPA/530/SW-86/053 (PB87-107769)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status:  Final, October 1986

Environmental  Media Covered:

Ground water, surface water, air, subsurface gas, soils

Purpose of the  Guidance Document:

•   Provides technical guidance to EPA and State personnel on conducting the RCRA
    Facility  Assessment (RFA) at solid waste management units.

Scope of the  Guidance Document:

•   Presents procedures and criteria to identify releases or potential releases from
    solid waste management units during the RFA. The document addresses the
    following—
    -  Conducting a preliminary review
    -  Conducting a visual site inspection
    -  Determining the need for further action during the RFA
    -  Media assessment                                           .

Technical Approach:

•   The  RFA requires collecting extensive data  on solid waste management units,
    including—
    -  Unit characteristics
    -  Waste characteristics
    -  Pollutant migration pathways
    -  Evidence of release
    -  Exposure potential

•   Each chapter in this document describes the factors in each of the above five
    categories that investigators should examine for identifying releases or potential
    releases for  each of the media of concern.
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Comparison With Relevant Documents:

*  This is the sole guidance document in this Compendium that specifically
   addresses the initial assessment of solid waste management units to determine
   whether there are releases or potential releases that warrant further investigation
   under the RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) process.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides guidance for identifying releases or potential releases that may
   require a corrective measures study or implementation.  The document, however,
   does not address corrective measures technologies.
                                      68

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Guidance Document Name:

RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance
EPA/530/SW-89/031 (PB89-200299)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Solid Waste

Status: Final, May 1989
                                                                \
Environmental  Media Covered:

Ground water, surface water, air, subsurface gas, soils

Purpose of the  Guidance Document:

•  Provides owners or operators with guidance on conducting a RCRA Facility
   Investigation (RFI), based on release determinations made by the regulatory
   agency (generally resulting from the RFA).

Scope of the  Guidance Document:

•  Presents procedures and criteria to characterize releases from solid waste
   management units and hazardous waste management units during the RFI. The
   guidance is  divided into 15 sections and presented in 4 volumes.  Volume I
   presents the procedures and rationale that should be used to develop a work plan
   for conducting the investigation, a general strategy or release investigations, and
   the means by which the data collected during the RFI may be interpreted by the
   regulatory agency. Volumes II (soil, ground water, and subsurface gas) and III
   (air and surface water) describe media-specific methods for conducting the RFI,
   Volume IV presents a number of case study illustrations on various aspects of the
   RFI process.

Technical Approach:

•  The guidance is designed to provide the owner or operator with a logical
   progression  of tasks to be following in investigating a release. Generally, these
   tasks will consist of—        '
   -  Gathering information on the source of the release to the environment (for
      example, gathering information on the unit and the waste in the unit)
   -  Gathering physical information on the environment surrounding the unit that
      will affect the migration and fate of the release (for example, ground-water
      flow direction, average wind speeds, soil types)
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   —  Using the above information along with any existing monitoring or modeling
      information, developing a conceptual model of the release, and planning and
      conducting a monitoring program to define the nature and extent of the
      release
   -  Comparing the concentrations of hazardous constituents identified during the
      release characterization against health and environmental criteria (chemical
      concentrations) to determine whether interim corrective measures or a
      corrective measures study may be needed

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is the sole guidance document in this Compendium that specifically
   addresses the characterization of the nature and extent of releases from solid
   waste management units and provides health and environmental criteria to which
   these data are compared in determining the need for interim correction measures
   or a  corrective measures study.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides guidance for characterizing release from solid waste management
   units that may require a corrective measures study or implementation.  This
   document discusses types of interim corrective measures; however, it does not
   address corrective measures technologies.
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                           Costing Techniques
This section includes a total of two documents on costing techniques. These
document provide guidance on how to manage, develop, and evaluate costs
associated with the remediation of contaminated sites.  The following summaries
include brief assessments of the applicability of the documents to RCRA program
corrective measures implementation.
                                     71

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Guidance Document Name:

Remedial Action Costing Procedures Manual
EPA/600/8-87/049 (PB88-113691)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, October 1987

Environmental Media Covered:

Only general costing procedures are discussed. No specific environmental media are
identified.

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

*  Provides specific procedures for the cost estimating and economic analysis steps
   required for preparing engineering cost estimates for selecting remedial action
   alternatives in response to CERCLA arid the National Contingency Plan.

•  For use in conjunction with EPA's guidance on feasibility studies under CERCLA.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Presents procedures and provides worksheets to accomplish cost analysis required
   for various remedial action planning phases.

Technical Approach:

•  Divides remedial action costing into three phases—
   -  Initial site response assessment plan phase
   -  Alternate development and cost screening phase
   -  Cost estimation phase for feasibility studies

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This provides a more comprehensive approach to cost management than the
   "Removal  Cost Management Manual," which addresses  only costing^ procedures
   at CERCLA emergency response actions (removals).
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Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides project managers and decisionmakers in government and industry
   with procedures for developing and evaluating cost estimates for alternative
   remedial responses to releases of hazardous substances.
                                      73

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Guidance Document Name:

Removal Cost Management Manual
OSWER Directive No. 9360.0-028 (PB90-153891)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, January 1985

Environmental Media Covered: None

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provide comprehensive cost management procedures for use by EPA at
   emergency response actions (removals) authorized under CERCLA.

*  For use by the on-scene coordinator.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Outlines a comprehensive cost management system for CERCLA emergency
   response actions.

Technical Approach:

•  Discusses cost projection, control, recovery, and documentation.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  Unlike the "Remedial Action Costing Procedures Manual," this document
   addresses only costing procedures at CERCLA emergency response actions
   (removals).

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides guidance on how to manage costs associated with the remediation
   of contaminated sites.
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       Quality Assurance/Quality Control Guidance Documents
This section contains a total of three quality assurance/quality control guidance
documents. These documents provide guidance on the quality assurance/quality
control of field operations, data collection, and laboratories contracted to provide
analytical services. The following summaries include brief assessments of the
applicability of the documents to RCRA program corrective measures
implementation.
                                     75

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Guidance Document Name:

A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations
EPA/540/P-87/001 (PB88-181557)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, March 1987

Environmental Media Covered: Soils, ground water, surface water, air

Purpose of the Guidance Document:                    '

•  Provides remedial project managers, quality assurance officers, and States with a
   consolidated reference of all remedial project manager field procedures, with the
   exception of site safety issues and personal protection requirements.

•  Promotes consistent field procedures among all ten EPA Regions.

•  Compiled from procedures that were used successfully in executing EPA work
   assignments nationwide.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides a systematic comprehensive approach for conducting field activities
   under Superfund.

•  Covers all aspects of field activities, including the development of field operation
   plans, site activities, sampling and analysis, and documentation.

Technical Approach:

*  Provides detail on the purpose, scope, procedures, applicability, and
   responsibilities associated with all  aspects of field operations, with the exception
    of site safety issues, personal protection, and sampling program design. Includes
    the following topics—
   —   Documentation of field activities, sampling and analysis, quality control, and
       corrective action
   -   Field activity procedures
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   -  Sampling and analysis—
      •  Handling and control
      •  Laboratory procedures and interface     ,         .
      •  Interpretation of the results of analyses
      •  Gathering of proper samples

•  Assesses environmental impacts.

•  Provides quality assurance and document control auditing.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This applies to current EPA Regional standards and quality assurance
   requirements. Other documents appropriate to any aspect of field activities (for
   example, most recent directives, memoranda, guidance documents, and approved
   quality assurance plans) should be consulted simultaneously.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  Although this document identifies the procedural requirements of the quality
   assurance program for Superfund related to field operations work, it will still
   have applicability to the RCRA program in that major program components are
   identified and key interfaces detailed.  This document should be useful in
   developing measures for field operations quality assurance programs.
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Guidance Document Name:

Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities, Volumes 1 and 2
OSWER Directive No. 9355.0-07B (PB90-272634)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Office of Waste Programs Enforcement

Status: Final, March 1987

Environmental Media Covered:  Soil, ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

*  Provides assistance in developing site-specific data quality objectives for
   Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study activities.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Data quality objectives are written plans for ensuring that environmental data
   collected during remedial investigation/feasibility study activities are of known
   and documented quality. Data quality objectives are developed prior to data
   collection and are linked to sampling and analysis plans.

*  Provides guidance and examples on the process by which data quality objectives
   are developed, the individuals responsible for preparing data quality objectives,
   the relationship of data quality objective guidance to other guidance, and the
   timing for data quality objective development.

Technical Approach:

•  Data quality objectives are developed in three stages—
   -  Identify decision types
   -  Identify data uses/needs
   -  Design data collection program

•  Provides specific guidelines and procedures for evaluating available information,
   developing conceptual models, specifying objectives, identifying data needs, and
   developing data collection plans.

•  Specifies statistical procedures, including sampling patterns, sample size, and
   uncertainty of estimates.
                                      78

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Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  The guidance is similar to "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste" (SW-846) in
   its review of statistical sampling considerations.  However, it is less detailed in
   describing the analytical techniques and tools used in sampling waste sites.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides guidance for designing a data collection program for the assessment
   and investigation activities that would precede a corrective measures study.
                                      79

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Guidance Document Name:

User's Guide to the Contract Laboratory Program
EPA/540/P-91/002 (PB91-921278)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, January 1991

Environmental Media Covered: Soil/sediment, water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides a  description of the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program structure.

•  Establishes protocol for standardizing procedural approaches to contracting
   analytic services.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  For use by remedial program managers, remedial investigation/feasibility study
   contractors, and potentially responsible parties throughout the data collection and
   analysis process of the CERCLA remedial investigation.

•  For use by all handlers of samples and data .to ensure the reliability and integrity
   of the data.

Technical Approach:

•   Covers five separate analytic programs—
   -  Organic Routine Analytical Services (RAS)
   -  Inorganic RAS
    -  Dioxin  RAS
   -  High Hazard Sample Preparation RAS                ,
    -  Special Analytical Services

•   Describes methods for sample analysis scheduling and coordination with other
    program components.

•   Provides guidance on program quality assurance and quality control.
                                      80

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•  The Contract Laboratory Program provides a menu of RAS services that are
   correlated to various program components, including—
   -  Sample matrices
   -  Compounds identified and quantified
   -  Deliverables
   -  Analytic procedures
   -  Quality assurance/quality control                 ^

•  The Contract Laboratory Program requires workers' initiation on standard
   operating procedures, including—
   -  Chain of custody controls between various program offices
   -  Health and safety measures
   -  Analytical protocol
   -  Sample documentation
   -  Problem resolution

•  Auxiliary support services are described, including—
   -  Sample bottle repository services
   -  Ordering procedures
   -  Shipment information

•  Enforcement interaction with the Contract Laboratory Program includes—
   -  Document controls
   -  Evidence audits

•  Cost recovery substantiation procedures are described.

•  Quality assurance includes—
   -  Laboratory selection screening
   -  Laboratory performance
   -  Evaluations
   -  Sample data evaluations

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This provides a systematic, overall program management response to analytic
   services contracting in contrast to SW-846. The later document covers laboratory
   protocol and quality assurance/quality control; however, it does not provide a
   systematic program structure for implementing RCRA analytic services.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This provides guidance to contractors performing remedial investigations and
   assessments on procedural approaches to contracting analytical services to ensure
   th" reliability and integrity of the data.
                                      81

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                     Program Guidance Documents
A key RCRA program guidance document has been summarized in this section. This
document, the "RCRA Corrective Action Plan/' provides the basic framework for the
overall program, which can be supplemented by additional RCRA and CERCLA
program guidance documents. A second document in this section applies directly to
the RCRA Corrective Action program.

This section also reviews and summarizes a total of 12 CERCLA program guidance
documents. In general, this group of documents provides comprehensive program
and project management guidance on implementing the remedial investigation/
feasibility study process within the statutory and regulatory context of CERCLA. The
majority of these documents will be of marginal use in the development of a RCRA
corrective measures study and its implementation. There are, however, some useful
approaches to format and style in selected documents that may be of use to RCRA
corrective measures implementation.
                                    82

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Guidance Document Name:

RCRA Corrective Action Plan
OSWER Directive No. 9902.3 (PB91-139873)

Originating Office:                                                       .

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement

Status:  Final, November 1986

Environmental Media Covered: Ground water, soils, surface water, air

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Assists Regions and States in the development of corrective action orders
   (§3008(h)) February 12, 1992 and corrective action requirements in permit
   applications and permits.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides a  technical framework for Regional and State personnel in the
   development of a site-specific schedule of compliance to be included in a permit
   or a compliance schedule in a corrective action order; includes requirements for
   RCRA facility investigations, corrective measures studies, and work plans for
   corrective measures implementation.

Technical Approach:

•  Provides a  detailed discussion of the information to be provided for each of the
   following tasks—

   -   RCRA Facility Investigation
       Task I:    Description of Current Conditions
       Task II:   Pre-investigation Evaluation of Corrective Measure Technologies
       Task III:  RFI Workplan Requirements
       Task IV:  Facility Investigation
       Task V:   Investigation Analysis
       Task VI:  Laboratory and Bench-Scale Studies
       Task VII: Reports
                                      83

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   -  Corrective Measure Study
      Task VIE: Identification and Development of the Corrective Measure
                Alternative or Alternatives
      Task IX:  Evaluation of the Corrective Measure Alternative or Alternatives
      Task X:   Justification and Recommendation of the Corrective Measure or
                Measures
      Task XI:  Reports

   -  Corrective Measure Implementation
      Task XH:  Corrective Measure Implementation Program Plan
      Task XIII: Corrective Measure Design
      Task XIV: Corrective Measure Construction
      Task XV:  Reports

•  The three-step approach outlined above is intended to standardize the data
   collection process and provide for key decision milestones throughout the
   Corrective Action process.  Each step provides for the collection of increasingly
   detailed data for the characterization of site contamination.

•  Major considerations in planning data quality control and verification programs
   can be developed using the corrective action plan framework.

•  The process is to be employed whether site-specific Corrective Action is required
   as a permit condition or whether it is required as a result of enforcement action.

Comparison with Relevant Documents:

•  Technical guidance on media-specific technologies identified in this summary may
   be used to supplement the outline given in the corrective action plan.

•  Specific costing considerations of RCRA corrective measures implementation
   should be taken from the corrective action plan  rather than OERR's "Remedial
   Action Costing Procedures Manual." The OERR document includes fund-
   balancing criteria that are not relevant to the RCRA Corrective Action program.

Applicability to  RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document is a key resource document for Regional and State permit writers
   guiding corrective action at permitted facilities.  It should be used to  guide
   completeness checks of submittals made by owner/operators and for developing
   the §3008(h) order and permit schedule of compliance language.
                                      84

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Guidance Document Name:

Stabilization Technologies for RCRA Corrective Actions
EPA/625/4-91/029

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Research
Information

Status:  Final, August 1991

Environmental Media Covered:  Soil and water
                                                                        i
Purpose pf the Guidance Document:

•  Provides guidance on identifying the types of environmental settings that should
   be the focus of stabilization actions.

•  Provides technical approaches to accelerate data gathering in support of decisions
   on appropriate stabilization measures and on phasing the RCRA Facility
   Investigation (RFI) process to gather the necessary data to  make timely decisions
   within the framework of the existing corrective action program.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Addresses the overall goal of the RCRA corrective action stabilization initiative:
   to, as soon as possible, control or abate imminent threats to human health and the
   environment from release from RCRA facilities and to prevent or minimize the
   further spread of contamination with long-term remedies are pursued.
               t
•  Provides the technical decision guidance for implementing a number of
   stabilization technologies.

Technical Approach:

•  Addresses technologies for containment, soils treatment, an^. water treatment.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document address many technologies that are found in other EPA
   documents, and it is the only EPA document that addresses specific technologies
   for meeting the RCRA corrective action stabilization initiative.
                                      85

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Guidance Document Name:

National Contingency Plan (NCP), 40 CFR Part 300

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status:  Final, February 12,1985 (50 FR 5862)

Environmental Media Covered:

Ground water, surface water, air, soils, and sediments

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•   Provides the regulatory framework for implementing CERCLA. In particular,
    Subpart F—Hazardous Substances Response—establishes methods and criteria for
    determining the extent and nature of a CERCLA-authorized response. .

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•   Subpart F of the NCP—
    -  Provides the general requirements for all phases of a CERCLA hazardous
      substance response
    -  Outlines the responsibilities of Federal and State officials in a CERCLA
      hazardous substance response
    -  Outlines the minimum requirements for conducting a remedial investigation
      and a feasibility study under CERCLA

Technical Approach:

•   40 CFR 300.68—Remedial action—
    —  Mandates a remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the nature
      and extent of the threat presented by a release and to evaluate proposed
      remedies     ^
    —  Requires the development of remedial alternatives as part of the feasibility
      study
    —  Requires an analysis of these alternatives on the basis of—
       •  Cost
       •  Acceptability of engineering practices
       •  Effectiveness
    —  Selects a remedy that attains or exceeds Federal public health and
      environmental requirements
                                      86

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•  40 CFR 300.70—Methods of remedying releases—
   -  Lists engineering methods for onsite actions, including—
      •   Air emissions controls
      •   Surface-water controls
      •   Ground-water controls
      •   Remedies for contaminated water and sewer lines
   -  Lists technologies for—
      •   Gaseous emissions treatment
      •   Direct waste treatment     ,
      •   Treatment of contaminated soils and sediments

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This provides the regulatory basis for many EPA guidance documents, including
   the "Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Tank and Drum Sites" (EPA,
   1985) and "Mobile Treatment Technologies for Superfund Wastes" (EPA, 1986).

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This document provides background guidance on data requirements for
   conducting remedial actions.

•  It also  describes technical and cost considerations of technologies used in
   assessment studies.
                                     87

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Guidance Document Name:

Superfund Remedial Design and Remedial Action Guidance
EPA/9355.0-04A (PB88-107529)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, February 1985

Environmental Media Covered:

Does not specifically address any media; focuses on administrative requirements.

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  To assist agencies and parties who plan, administer, and manage remedial design
   and remedial action at Superfund sites.  Pertains to both fund-financed remedial
   design/action (that is, Federal- and State-lead) and responsible party remedial
   design/action, and provides personnel guidance to be followed to ensure that
   remedial design/action is performed properly, consistently, and expeditiously.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Outlines administrative requirements based on the general sequence of events that
   occurs prior to, during, and after remedial design/action at a Superfund site.
   Pertains to both fund-financed and responsible party projects.

Technical Approach:

•  Defines the administrative requirements, contents, and elements in the remedial
   design/action processes.  For remedial design, that process includes—
   -  Activities involved in selecting an architect/engineering (A/E) firm
   -  Development of the remedial design and distribution of planning information
      to the lead design party
   -  Development of a statement  of work for the A/E firm retained to accomplish
      the remedial design
   -  Review and approval of the A/E firm's final plans and specifications
   -  Identification of applicable permits, permit approvals, and site access
      agreements
   -  Revision of the community-relating plan based on the needs of the community
      during the design and construction activities
   -  Development of cost estimates for construction

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•  The process for the initiation of remedial action includes the following—
   -   Selection of the contractor for the remedial action
   -   Monitoring and oversight of construction activities and needed records and
       reports to be used in the final certification of the remedial action
   -   Final inspection and closeout activities after completion of the remedial action

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  As outlined above, the remedial design/action guidance provides the
   administrative and procedural requirements for remedial design/action, as
   opposed to other documents that highlight the technical aspects of these activities.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This may be helpful to the extent that administrative requirements for remedial
   design/action at Superfund sites coincide with administrative requirements for
   remedial design/action at RCRA sites.
                                      89

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Guidance Document Name:

Community Relations in Superfund: A Handbook (Interim Guidance)
EPA/540/G-88/002 (PB89-180830)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response/Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status:  Draft, June 1988

Environmental Media Covered: No specific environmental media addressed

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•   Provides policy requirements for coordinating community relations activities at
    Superfund sites.

•   Provides additional techniques and guidance that can be used to enhance the
    basic requirements for community relations.

*   Describes the overall objectives of the Superfund community relations program.

•   Gives citizens the opportunity to comment on and provide input to technical
    decisions.

*   Informs the public of planned or ongoing actions.

•   Focuses and resolves conflict.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•   Describes the various requirements for conducting community relations activities
    during removal actions, enforcement actions, and remedial response actions and
    for the addition and deletion of sites from the National Priorities List.
                                    \
•   Describes the two critical steps in planning a community relations program for a
    Superfund remedial action—
    -  Conducting community interviews
    —  Developing a site-specific community relations plan

*   Provides a list of all key EPA Headquarters and Regional contacts for the
    Superfund community relations program.
                                      90

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Technical Approach:

•  Specifically addresses activities to be conducted during CERCLA corrective
   actions.  "Guidance on Public Involvement in the RCRA Permitting Program"
   does not currently address specific activities related to RCRA corrective actions.

•  Responds to a specific mandate in the National Contingency Plan for conducting
   community relations^iot present in RCRA §3004(u) and addresses many specific
   requirements for public involvement.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This provides detailed guidelines on CERCLA community relations programs
   analogous to the public participation guidelines given in OSWER 9500.00-1A,
   "Guidance on Public Involvement in the RCRA Permitting Program."

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This may be helpful in formulating a community relations program at a RCRA
   site.
                                    91

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Guidance Document Name:

Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Project Management Handbook
EPA/540/G-87/001 (PB87-183133)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Ofjice of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status:  Final, December 1986

Environmental Media Covered: Process affecting all environmental media

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•   This document serves three general purposes—
    -  Presents various actions and deliverables that comprise the Federal-lead
      remedial project, and defines the roles and responsibilities of the remedial
      project manager
    -  Identifies resources available to the remedial project manager for supporting
      the remedial project management function
    -  Provides fundamental concepts of project management to aid the remedial
      project manager in planning, monitoring, controlling, and directing projects

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•   Provides basic project management concepts regarding project planning,
    monitoring, and control and the directing, coordinating, and communicating of
    project objectives that are to be applied during the CERCLA feasibility study
    process.

•   Discusses initial project planning and startup activities and describes the remedial
    project manager's role in ensuring that the  remedial investigation/feasibility study
    work is conducted in accordance with project plans.

Technical Approach:

 •   Illustrates the process for implementing Federal-lead remedial action by use of a
    process flow chart with supporting narrative.

 •   Describes management and control techniques for ensuring project
    implementation in accordance with the project plan (for example, use of the Gantt
    milestone chart).

 •   Illustrates the functional roles of EPA and contractors in implementing remedial
    investigations and feasibility studies.

                                      92

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•  Describes in detail the various steps involved in startup, implementation, and
   doseout.

*  Describes the role of the record of decision in documenting the decision-making
   process.  Provides a model record of decision.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is similar in format and design to the "Superfund State-Lead Remedial
   Project Management Handbook."

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This has no  direct applicability to the RCRA corrective measures process.
                                      93

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Guidance Document Name:

Superfund State-Lead Remedial Project Management Handbook
EPA/540/G-87/002 (PB87-183141)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, December 1986

Environmental Media Covered: Process affecting all environmental media

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  This document serves three general purposes—
   -  Presents various actions and deliverables that comprise a State-lead remedial
      project, and defines the roles and responsibilities of the remedial project
      manager
   -  Identifies resources available to the remedial project manager for supporting
      the remedial project management function
   -  Provides fundamental concepts of project management to aid the remedial
      project manager in planning, monitoring, controlling, and directing projects

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides basic project management concepts regarding project planning,
   monitoring, and control and the directing, coordinating, and communicating of
   project objectives that are to be applied during the CERCLA feasibility study
   process.

•  Discusses initial project planning and startup activities and describes the remedial
   project manager's role in ensuring that the remedial investigation/feasibility study
   work is conducted in accordance with project plans.

Technical Approach:

*  Illustrates the process for implementing Federal-lead remedial action by use of a
   process flow chart.  Describes the interrelationships of the remedial project
   manager with the various institutional entities, contractors, and potentially
   responsible parties.

•  Describes management and control techniques for ensuring  project
   implementation in accordance with the project plan (for example, use  of the Gantt
   milestone chart).
                                      94

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•  Illustrates the functional roles of EPA, States, and contractors in implementing
   remedial investigations and feasibility studies.

•  Inventories types of cooperative agreements available between the States and
   EPA.

•  Describes the role of the record of decision in documenting the decision-making
   process.  Provides a model record of decision.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This is similar in format and design to the "Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial
   Project Management Handbook."

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This has no direct applicability to the RCRA corrective measures process.
                                       95

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Guidance Document Name:

State and Local Lnvolement in the Superfund Program
EPA/9375.5-01/FS (PB90-273939)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status: Final, 1989

Environmental Media Covered:

Procedural guidance applicable to program management

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Provides an overview of hazardous waste laws, the Superfund process, and future
   directions of the Superfund program. National Contingency Plan.

•  Describes ways that State  and Local governments can get involved in the
   sSuperfund programrmechanisms for assuring State and Local involvement: and
   the roles of political subdivisions, Indian Tribes, and local governments.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  State participation in the Superfund remedial program is to be used during the
   CERCLA remedial investigation/feasibility study activities. Cooperative
   agreements may be initiated prior to remedial investigation/feasibility study
   work; however, they should be fully enforced during the remedial investigation/
   feasibility study process.

Technical Approach:

*  Includes description of cooperative agreements, Superfund State contracts, and
   credit claims.

•  Discusses management issues, such as cost-sharing, offsite treatment, storage, and
   disposal.

•  Describes intergovernmental review procedures.

•  Inventories types of State  assurances available under remedial response
   agreements.
                                      96

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•  Describes the development of cooperative agreement application forms and
   provisions.

•  Describes the interface with the Federal procurement system.

•  For EPA-lead remedial planning agreements, describes EPA and State
   responsibilities.

•  Describes cost-sharing arrangements under Superfund State contracts.

•  Describes the execution and administration of the remedial agreement and
   agreement modifications.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This should be used with the "Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Project
   Management Handbook"  and the "Superfund State-Lead Remedial Project
   Management Handbook."

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This has no direct applicability to the RCRA corrective measures process.
                                      97

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Guidance Document Name:

Policy on Floodplains and Wetlands Assessments for 'CERCLA Actions
Control No. 9280.0-02 (PB91-921329)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response

Status:  Final, August 1985

Environmental Media Covered:  Surface water, ground water

Purpose of the Guidance Document:

•  Sets forth Agency policy and guidance for carrying out the provisions of
   Executive Order 11988 (Floodplain Management) and Executive Order 11990
   (Protection of Wetlands), as described in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 6.

Scope of the Guidance Document:

•  Discusses situations that require preparation of a floodplains or wetlands
   assessment and the factors that should be considered in preparing an assessment
   for response actions undertaken pursuant to §104 or 106 of CERCLA.:

Technical Approach:

•  Discusses the following—
   -  Removal actions
      •  Floodplains/wetiands assessment
      •  Opportunity for citizen comment
   -  Remedial Actions
      •  Consideration of environmental issues
   -  Documentation of decision                            >

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  This document is unique in scope.

Applicability to RCRA Corrective Measures:

•  This enunciates EPA's policy to encourage the pursuit of remedies that attain or
   exceed applicable and relevant standards of other Federal  environmental laws that
   address floodplains and wetlands.
                                     98

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Guidance Document Name:

Interim Guidance on Potentially Responsible Party Participation in Remedial
Investigations and Feasibility Studies
OSWER Directive No. 9835.1A (PB91-139337)

Revisions to the Interim Guidance on PRP Participation in Remedial Investigations
and Feasibility Studies
OSWER Directive No. 9835.2A (PB91-139352)

Originating Office:

U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Waste Program
Enforcement

Status: Final, May 1988 and February 1989

Environmental Media Covered: None

Purpose of the Guidance Documents:

•  Set forth the policy and procedures governing the participation of potentially
   responsible parties in the development of remedial investigations and feasibility
   studies under CERCLA.                                        "~~

Scope of the Guidance Documents:

•  Discuss the following—
   -   Circumstances in which remedial investigations/feasibility studies may be
       conducted by potentially responsible parties
   -   Procedures for  notifying potentially responsible parties when the Agency has
       identified target sites for the development of remedial investigations/
       feasibility studies                        •       •
   -   Principles governing potentially responsible party participation in Agency-
       financed remedial investigations/feasibility studies

Technical Approach:

•  Discuss drawbacks to previous approaches to potentially responsible party
   participation in remedial investigations/feasibility studies.

•  Discuss situations where private parties may conduct a remedial investigation or
   feasibility study.

•  Potentially responsible parties will be subject to criteria enunciated in the final
   version of remedial investigation and feasibility study technical manuals.
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•  Until remedial investigation and feasibility study guidances are final, potentially
   responsible parties may develop remedial investigations/feasibility studies if they
   commit to follow workplans for remedial investigations/feasibility studies
   prepared by Agency-supervised contractors.

•  Discuss the way in which potentially responsible parties will be notified of the
   opportunity to perform the remedial investigation/feasibility study.

*  Discuss the Regional role in remedial investigation/feasibility study development
   by potentially responsible parties.

Comparison With Relevant Documents:

•  These documents are unique in scope.

Applicability to RCRA  Corrective Measures:

•  These documents address the administrative procedures governing potentially
   responsible party participation and are not directly relevant to the RCRA
   corrective measures program.
                                      100

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                 Appendix A—"A Prime" and "A" List Documents on the OSWER
                Hazardous  Waste Bibliography Not Included in This Compendium*
                                               (Page 1 of 3)
Category
Document Title
Issuing Office   Ordering Information
Remedial Action     Directory of Commercial Hazardous Waste
Technical Guidance:  Treatment and Recycling Facilities
Multimedia
                  Guidance Manual for Research, Development
                  and Demonstration Permits Under
                  40 CFR §270.65

                  Practical Guide—Trial Bums for Hazardous
                  Waste Incinerators: Project Summary
                  Prohibition on the Placement of Bulk Liquid
                  Hazardous Waste in Landfills—Statutory
                  Interpretive Guidance

                  Treatment Technology Briefs: Alternatives to
                  Hazardous Waste Landfills
                             EPA/OSW
                             Washington, DC

                             EPA/OSW
                             Washington, DC
                             EPA/OS WER/
                             HWERL
                             Cincinnati, OH'

                             EPA/OSW
                             Washington, DC
                             EPA/ORD/
                             HWERL
                             Cincinnati, OH
                EPA Report #530/SW-87/024
                NTIS Ref. #PB88-109699

                EPA Report #530/SW-86/008
                NTIS Ref. #PB86-229192
                OSWER Directive 9527.00-1 A

                EPA Report #600/2-86/050
                NTIS Ref. #PB86-190246/AS
                EPA/530/SW-86-016
                NTIS Ref. #PB86-212271
                EPA Report #600/9-86/017
                NTIS Ref. #PB87-110680
Site Assessment and Design and Development of Hazardous Waste
Health Assessment  Reactivity Testing Protocol
                  Handbook, Remedial Action at Waste Disposal
                  Sites, Revised
                  Test Methods for Evaluation of Solid Waste:
                  Physical/Chemical Methods, 3rd Edition

                  Geophysical Methods for Location of
                  Abandoned Wells

                  Geophysical Techniques for Sensing Buried
                  Wastes and Waste Migration

                  Practical Guide for Ground-Water Sampling
                  RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring Technical
                  Enforcement Guidance Document

                  Sediment Sampling Quality Assurance
                  User's Guide

                  Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide
                             EPA/ORD/
                             HWERL
                             Cincinnati, OH
                EPA Report #600/2-84/057
                NTIS Ref. #PB84-158807
                             EPA/OSWER/     EPA Report #625/6-85/006
                             OERR/HWERL    NTIS REF. #PB87-201034
                             Cincinnati, OH     OSWER Directive 9380.0-4

                             EPA/OSWER     EPA Report #SW-846
                             Washington, DC   GPO Ref. #955-001-00000-1

                             EPA/ORD/EMSL  EPA Report #600/4-84/065
                             Las Vegas, NV     NTIS Ref. #PB84-212711

                             EPA/ORD/EMSL  EPA Report #600/7-84/064
                             Las Vegas, NV     NTIS Ref. #PB84-198449

                             EPA/OSWER/ERLEPA Report #600/2-85/104
                             Ada, OK         NTIS Ref. #PB86-137304

                             EPA/OSW        EPA Report #530/SW-86/055
                             Washington, DC   NTIS Ref. #PB87-107751

                             EPA/ORD/EMSL  EPA Report #600/4-85/048
                             Las Vegas, NV     NTIS Ref. #PB85-233542

                             EPA/ORD/EMSL  EPA Report #600/4-84/043
                             Las Vegas, NV     NTIS Ref. #PB84-198621
                                                     101

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                  Appendix A—"A Prime" and "A" List Documents on the OSWER
                Hazardous Waste Bibliography Not Included in This Compendium*
                                                (Page 2 of 3)
Category
           Document Title
Issuing Office    Ordering Information
                  Survey of Mobile Laboratory Capabilities
                  and Configurations

                  Health Effects Assessment Documents
                  (58 Chemical Profiles)
                                        EPA/ORD/EMSL EPA Report #600/X-84/170
                                        Las Vegas, NV

                                        EPA/OERR/OHEAEPA Report #540/1-86/001
                                        Cincinnati, OH     through 058
                                                        NTIS Ref. #PB865-134111/AS
Construction
Techniques/
Procedures
Dust Control at Hazardous Waste Sites
                  Occupational Safety and Health: Guidance
                  Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities

                  Protecting Health and Safely at Hazardous
                  Waste Sites: An Overview

                  Standard Operating Safety Guides
                  Decontamination Techniques for Mobile
                  Response Equipment Used at Waste Sites
                  (State-of-the-Art Survey) Final Report
EPA/ORD/      EPA Report #540/2-85/003
HWERL         NTIS Ref. #PB86-190105
Cincinnati, OH

NIOSH          GPO Reference # (NIOSH Pub.) 85-115
Cincinnati, OH

CERI            EPA Report #625/9-85/006
Cincinnati, OH

EPA/OERR/HRSDOSWER Directive 9285.1-01 B
Washington, DC

EPA/ORD/      EPA Report #600/2-85/105
HWERL         NTIS Ref. #PB85-247021/XA
Cincinnati, OH
                  Emergency Response Procedures for Control
                  of Hazardous Substance Release
                  Guidance Manual for Minimizing Pollution
                  From Water Disposal Sites

                  Guide for Decontaminating Buildings,
                  Structures and Equipment at Superfund Sites
                  Superfund Removal Procedures—Revision #2
                  Technical Guidance Document: Construction
                  Quality Assurance for Hazardous Waste Land
                  Disposal Facilities (Final Report)
                                        EPA/ORD/
                                        HWERL
                                        Edison, NJ

                                        EPA/ORD/WERL
                                        Cincinnati, OH

                                        EPA/ORD/
                                        HWERL
                                        Cincinnati, OH

                                        EPA/ERD
                                        Edison, NJ

                                        EPA/ORD/
                                        HWERL
                                        Cincinnati, OH
                EPA Report #600/0-84/023
                NTIS Ref. #PB84-128719
                EPA Report #600/2-78/142
                NTIS Ref. #PB78-268905

                EPA Report #600/2-85/028
                NTIS Ref. #PB85-201234/AS
                OSWER Directive 9360.0-03A
                EPA Report #530/SW-86/031
                NTIS Ref. #PB87-132825
                OSWER Directive 9427.00-3
Costing Techniques  Costs of Remedial Response Actions at
                  Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
                                        EPA/OSWER/
                                        WERL
                                        Cincinnati, OH
                EPA Report #600/2-82/035
                NTIS Ref. #PB83-164830
                                                    102

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                Appendix A—"A Prime" and "A" List Documents on the OSWER
               Hazardous Waste Bibliography Not Included in This Compendium"
                                             (Page 3 of 3)
Category
Document Title
Issuing Office   Ordering Information
Program Guidance  CERCLA Compliance with Other
Documents        Environmental Statutes

                 Petitions to Delist Hazardous Wastes:
                 A Guidance Manual
                            EPA/OERR       OSWER Directive 9234.0-02
                            Washington, DC

                            EPA/OSWER      EPA Report #530/SW-85/003
                            Washington, DC   NTIS'Ref. #PB85-194488
Case Studies       Case Studies 1-23:  Remedial Responses at
                 Hazardous Waste Sites
                 Summary Report: Remedial Response at
                 Hazardous Waste Sites
                            EPA/OSWER/
                            WERL
                            Cincinnati, OH

                            EPA/OSWER/
                            WERL
                            Cincinnati, OH
               EPA Report #540/2-84/002B
               NTIS Ref. #PB85-121739
               EPA Report #540/2-84/002A
               NTIS Ref. #PB86-121721
* For further information see the OSWER Hazardous Wastes Bibliography, October, 1987, EPA/540/1-87-001
(OSWER Directive 9380.1-02).
                                                  103

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