United States
              Environmental Protection
              Agency
vvEPA
                  Solid Waste and
                  Emergency Response
                  (5305W)
EPA-530-B-99-002
August 1999
http://www.epa.gov
 State
 Scrap
 Programs

A Quick Reference Guide:
1999 Update
                             @ Printed on paper that contains at least 30 percent postconsumer fiber

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                                     INTRODUCTION

       Scrap tire management has been a serious concern over the past decade.  Although great
strides have been made in reducing the size and quantity of scrap tire stockpiles, at least 800 million
scrap tires remain in stockpiles across the country. Many of the stockpiles continue to receive more
scrap tires each year. (See Tables 1 and 2, p. ii, for further information on scrap tire generation.) In
addition, in 1996, approximately 266 million scrap tires were generated in the United States.  Since
the first scrap tire law was passed in 1985, 49 out of 50 States have addressed scrap tire
management  through specific scrap tire laws and regulations or through State solid waste or
transportation legislation.

       The Scrap Tire Management Council estimates that, in 1996, of the 266 million scrap tires
generated in the United States, approximately 24.5 million were recycled for purposes such as
ground rubber in products and asphalt highways, stamped products, and agricultural and
miscellaneous uses. An additional 10 million were beneficially used in civil engineering projects.
These civil engineering uses are presented separately from the recycling figure because, although
some are recycled into products such as artificial reefs or septic system drain fields, many are used
in landfill construction and operation. In addition, 152.5 million were combusted for energy
recovery, and 15 million were exported.  The remaining 64 million were landfilled or disposed of in
either legal or illegal stockpiles.

       The following information summarizes each State's scrap tire management legislation and
programs in a matrix for each State program. It is intended to provide State regulators, as well as
members of industry, with a quick reference on State scrap tire programs across the country.

       The matrix for each State program contains eight sections. The "State Contact" section
provides the name, address, phone number, and fax number of the scrap tire program manager for
the State; websites and e-mail information are given when available.  The "Legislation and
Regulations"  section briefly outlines the history of scrap tire legislation for the State.  The "Funding
Sources/Fees" section addresses the State funds and collection fees authorized by the State. The
"Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations" section summarizes the regulations that apply to these
entities.  Similarly, the "Storage and Processor Regulations" and the "Disposal Restrictions"
sections outline relevant regulatory requirements. The "Financial/Market Incentives" section
discusses grants and other programs that foster better scrap tire disposal/recycling waste
management  and reduction.  The "Additional Information" section provides information about
activities of interest related to scrap tires in a particular State, such as special field tests or studies,
and innovative uses for scrap tires.

       For the information contained in this publication, State Scrap Tire Programs: A Quick
Reference Guide, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  (EPA) contacted all States for the
latest information (as of April 1998) on their programs. Overall figures for the information in this
"Introduction" are based on estimates in the Scrap Tire Management Council's Scrap Tire
Use/Disposal Study, 1996 Update, April 1997.

       For further information on scrap tire management, contact the EPA Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA)/Superfund Hotline, Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

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Eastern Standard Time (EST).  The national toll-free number is 800-424-9346.  For the hearing-
impaired, the number is TDD 800-553-7672. A document on scrap tire management, Summary of
Markets for Scrap Tires, (Document No.:  EPA/530-SW-90-074B, published October 1991), is
available through the hotline or by writing: RCRA Information Center, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste (5305W), 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460.
The full report, Markets for Scrap Tires (PB92115252), is available for $31.50 (subject to change)
from the National Technical Information  Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA
22161, 703-487-4600.
                                             Table 1
                                  Scrap Tire Generation: 1996

               Passenger replacement3                                     175,328,000
               Light truck replacement3                                     27,605,000
               Medium, wide base, heavy & large off-the-road3                   11,139,000
               Farm3                                                      2,460,000
               Tires from scrapped vehicles"                                 49,476,000
               Total Scrapped Tires                                       266,008,000
               U.S. Population                                             265,100,000
               Rate of Scrappage                                       1.00 per person
               3 Figures from Tire Industry Facts 1996, Rubber Manufacturers Association (in preparation).
               b Estimates based on four tires per scrapped vehicle. Vehicle estimates for 1994 from the
                Statistical Abstract of the United States, U.S. Department of Commerce.
               Source:    Scrap Tire Management Council. 1997. Scrap Tire Use/Disposal Study, 1996 Update,
                        Washington, DC.
                                             Table 2
                         Estimated Destination for Scrap Tires in 1996
Destination
Recycled
Crumb Rubber
Cut/Stamped/Punched Products
Agricultural Uses
Miscellaneous Uses
Total Recycled
Beneficially Used in Civil Engineering
Combusted for Energy Recovery
Exported
Landfilled, stockpiled, or illegally dumped
TOTAL GENERATED
Percent of Generation

12.5
8.0
2.5
1.5
24.5 million
10 million
152.5 million
15 million
64 million
266 million scrap tires





9%3
4%3
57%3
6%3
24%
100%
          ' 202 million scrap tires, or 76% of the scrap tires generated in 1996, had markets. Adapted from Scrap Tire
           Management Council, 1997. Scrap Tire Use/Disposal Study, 1996 Update, Washington, DC.

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ALABAMA
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Disposal and Land Filling
  Russell Kelly
  Alabama Department of
   Environmental Management
   (ADEM)
  Solid Waste Section
  1751 Congressman W.L. Dickinson
   Drive
  P.O. Box 301463
  Montgomery, Alabama 36130-1463
  Telephone: 334-271-7771
  FAX: 334-279-3050

  Recycling
  Michael Forster
  Alabama Department of Economic
   and Community Affairs
  P.O. Box 5690
  Montgomery, Alabama 36103-5640
  Telephone: 334-242-5336
  FAX: 334-242-0552

  Permitting for Storage
  Anthony Spencer
  Alabama Department of Public
   Health
  (RSA Tower, Suite 1250)
  Bureau of Environmental Services
  P.O. Box 303017
  Montgomery, Alabama 36130
  Telephone: 334-206-5373
  FAX: 334-206-5788
   Alabama's Solid Waste Act was passed in May 1989.
   Not addressed in legislation.
   Not addressed.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Facilities that process and/or
     store tires must have a health
     permit.

     A manifest record showing
     origin of tires delivered to site
     and destination of tires leaving
     the site, tire stacking
     dimensions,  separation
     distances and site description is
     also required.
   Disposal facilities must have a solid waste permit.
   Not addressed.
   Three monofills for tires are permitted and
   operating.

   In 1990, the State legislature required that
   a study be performed to plan for improved
   scrap tire management in the State.  A
   Tire Recycling Center was established at
   Gladsden State Community College in
   1990 to conduct this study.  It was
   completed in August 1991.

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ALASKA
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Glenn Miller
  Alaska Department of
   Environmental Conservation
  410 Willoughby Avenue
  Juneau, Alaska 99801-1795
  Telephone: 907-465-5153
  FAX:  907-465-5362
  E-mail: gmiller@envircon.state.ak.us

  David Wigglesworth
  Anchorage Office
  Telephone: 907-269-7582
  FAX:  907-269-7600

  Tony  Barter
  Alaskan Department of
   Transportation and Public Facilities
  500 East Tudor
  Anchorage, Alaska 99507
  Telephone: 907-269-6230
  FAX:  907-269-6231
   No scrap tire legislation at the present time.
   The Alaska program is funded 100%
   from the State's general fund.
   No specific regulations.
Storage and Processor Regulations
• Not applicable: no tire piles
exceeding 500,000 tires are
known to exist.
Disposal Restrictions
• Not addressed.
Financial/Market Incentives
• Recycling bill gives bidders' preference
to recycled products.
Additional Information
• The Alaskan Department of
Transportation was the first in the United
States to field test rubberized asphalt.
                                                                                       IV

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ARIZONA
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Sal Tandean or Barry Abbot
  Arizona Department of
   Environmental Quality (ADEQ)
  Solid Waste Section
  Waste Programs Division
  3033 North Central Avenue
  Phoenix, Arizona 85012
  Telephone:  602-207-2226
  FAX: 602-207-2383
   The Scrap Tire Law (HB 2687,
   Chapter 389) was passed in July
   1990 and took effect on September
   27, 1990.

   SB 1252, which took effect  in
   September 1991, amends the Scrap
   Tire Law.

   HB 2144, which took effect
   September 30, 1992, also amends
   the Scrap Tire Law.

   SB 1024 and 1228, both of which
   took effect in July 1997, amend the
   Scrap Tire Law.
   A waste tire fund was established in
   September 27, 1990.  Monies are raised
   through a 2% sales tax (not to exceed $2/tire)
   on the retail sales of new tires.

   Counties receive a share of the waste tire
   fund based on the number of vehicle
   registrations in each county.

   New car dealers can charge a maximum of
   $1/tire at the sale of a new car.  New car
   dealers can charge a greater amount if they
   specify the dollar amount and its purpose.

   The 1997 amendment of the law extends the
   2% new tire sales fee program to December
   31, 2002.
   Retail tire sellers must accept waste tires from customers
   at the point of transfer.

   Scrap tire collection sites must be approved as a solid
   waste facility by the Department of Environmental Quality.

   Scrap tire collection sites must require, and tire sellers
   must show, a manifest for disposal of waste tires at the
   site.

   DEQ registration is required for all collection sites.

   State-funded waste tire collection sites must accept up to
   five tires per person per year from county residents with no
   fee assessed; they must accept waste tires from retail
   sellers of new tires with no fee.  However, if a county can
   demonstrate that the funds it receives from the waste tire
   fund are insufficient to manage its program, then the
   county may charge a fee for disposal.

   A county or private enterprise receiving a contract or  grant
   for tire management activities must provide at least one
   waste tire collection site in the county and may not refuse
   to accept waste tires from  designated dealers.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
   Disposal Restrictions
                    Financial/Market Incentives
               Additional Information
     A site at which 5,000 or more scrap
     tires are stored outdoors on any day
     is subject to self certification
     requirements including the financial
     assurance requirement.

     A site at which more than 500 and
     fewer than 5,000 tires are stored on
     any day is subject to waste tire best
     management practices.

     A site at which more than 100 and
     fewer than 500 tires are stored is
     subject to proper storage practices
     outlined in the statute.

     A site at which fewer than 100 tires
     are stored is subject to local zoning
     and fire codes.
      As of January 1992, whole tires are banned from
      disposal in landfills.  Chopped or shredded tires can be
      monofilled, but not landfilled. Chopped or shredded
      tires can also be used as waste tire daily cover at a solid
      waste landfill after ADEQ specifies the size of the parts
      into which the material must be cut.

      Rules were passed by the State's Regulatory Review
      Council in November 1992 that affect the disposal of
      scrap tires generated at mining facilities. Burial of tires
      generated at mining facilities will be permitted on-site for
      a period of 5 years.  Companies must report to the DEQ
      the number of tires buried and allow inspection of tire
      disposal operations.

      Scrap tire  manifests are required for disposal of tires at
      a collection site.
                       The waste tire fund established in 1990
                       is used to provide funds to counties for
                       use in contracting with private
                       enterprises for waste tire processing
                       and/or collection facilities.

                       A permit to burn a tire-derived fuel can
                       be issued by ADEQ if it is
                       demonstrated that the burning will
                       result in equal to or lower emissions
                       than the burning of other types of fuel
                       permitted by the Department and the
                       applicant has met all requirements of
                       Titles I and V of the Clean Air Act. As
                       part of the demonstration, previous
                       tests approved by EPA shall be
                       accepted by ADEQ.
                  Extensive field demonstrations and tests of
                  rubberized asphalt have been performed
                  over the past 20 years by the City of
                  Phoenix.

                  An Arizona crumb rubber facility has been
                  in operation to process 3.5 million scrap
                  tires annually for use in rubberized asphalt
                  (90%), rubber hose, and other products
                  (10%).

                  An Arizona cement kiln has an air quality
                  permit to burn waste tires.

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ARKANSAS
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Elizabeth Hoover
  State of Arkansas
  Department of Pollution Control
   and Ecology
  Solid Waste Division
  P.O. Box 8913
  Little Rock, Arkansas 72219-8913
  Telephone: 501-682-0583
  FAX: 501-682-0611
   Act 752, enacted in 1991, establishes regional solid waste
   management authorities and requires authorities to provide
   collection centers for tires.

   Act 748, enacted in 1991, provides for an income tax credit
   for equipment used exclusively to reduce, reuse, or recycle
   solid waste.

   Act 749, enacted in 1991, requires tire regulations to be
   written.  These regulations were promulgated in July 1992.
   The Act includes language regarding the hauling, storage,
   and disposal of tires and requires permits for these
   activities.

   Act 1292, enacted in 1997, establishes the current tire retail
   sales tax.  It also mandates additional reporting
   requirements for tire retailers and new motor vehicle
   dealers.
   Monies collected are placed in the
   Waste Tire Management Fund to
   provide grants for tire cleanup,
   recycling, and the establishment of
   waste tire collection centers.

   The Tire Grant Program sets aside 10%
   of total grant funds  for special grants to
   districts for the removal of tires from
   illegal disposal sites.

   Since July 1991, there is a $1/tire fee
   on all tires imported into Arkansas for
   disposal.

   Since August 1997, a $1.75/tire retail
   sales tax is collected. Each Regional
   Solid Waste  Management District
   (RSWMD) is allowed to assess a
   separate fee on truck tires-no more
   than $4-since January 1, 1998.
   Permits are required for haulers of scrap
   tires handling more than 25 tires per load.

   Collection centers must be permitted.

   Sellers are required to file monthly returns
   with the Department of Finance and the
   applicable solid waste management district
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Storage sites with over 1,000
     tires must be permitted as a
     processing facility.
   Since July 1992, whole tires have been banned from
   landfills. Scrap tires can be landfilled if they are cut, sliced,
   or shredded, or they can be monofilled.
   An income tax credit is available to
   businesses engaged in the reduction,
   reuse, or recycling of solid wastes.

   A 10% price preference is given for the
   purchase of retreads for State vehicles.
   If the retread tires were produced in
   Arkansas, an additional 1% price
   preference is added.

   A 30% income tax credit is available to
   waste management companies that
   invest in equipment used to reduce,
   reuse, or recycle solid waste, including
   scrap tires.
                                                                                          VI

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CALIFORNIA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
                                  Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 General
 Tom Ditsch
 California Integrated Waste
   Management Board (CIWMB)
 Waste Prevention and Market
   Development Division
 8800 Cal Center Drive
 Sacramento, California 95826
 Telephone: 916-255-2578
 FAX: 916-255-2222
 E-mail: tdietsch@ciwmb.ca.gov
 Web site: http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov

 Regulations and Permitting
 Cody Begley
 California Integrated Waste
   Management Board
 Permitting and Enforcement
   Division
 8800 Cal Center Drive
 Sacramento, California 95826
 Telephone: 916-255-4165
 FAX: 916-255-4071
 Web site: http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov
    SB 1322 was passed in 1989.  It allows the Department of General
    Services and the California Integrated Waste Management Board
    (CIWMB) to promulgate regulations for State purchase of retread tires
    and requires the use of retreads on State vehicles (other than high-
    speed vehicles) after July 1, 1991.

    Under Assembly Bill 1843  (1989), the CIWMB was required to develop
    a permit program for waste tire facilities; set up a tire recycling program
    to reduce the landfilling of whole tires; and report to the legislature on
    the feasibility of using tires as a fuel supplement in cement kilns, lumber
    operations, and other industrial processes.  The permit program and
    recycling program have been in place since 1993. The feasibility report
    has been completed.

    CIWMB's final regulations  for minor and major tire facilities went into
    effect in 1993.

    AB 1306 requires that the California Department of Transportation
    (CalTrans), with CIWMB, review and modify all bid specifications for
    paving materials to encourage use of recycled materials, including
    scrap tires.

    New legislation regulating waste tire haulers was adopted in May 1996.
                                     Since July 1, 1990, a $1.00/tire
                                     fee is collected on all tires at
                                     point of sale.  The fee
                                     generates $3 million to $4
                                     million annually for the
                                     California Tire Recycling
                                     Management Fund.  The
                                     CIWMB is administering the
                                     fund.
   Transporters hauling more than four
   tires must register with CIWMB.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Since July 1, 1992, new major
     waste tire facilities (over 5,000
     stored tires) must obtain a
     major waste facility permit from
     the CIWMB.  Permit
     requirements include fire
     prevention, security and vector
     control measures, tire pile size
     and height limits, closure  and
     pile reduction plans.

     In February  1992, the CIWMB
     issued requirements for
     obtaining a minor (under 3,000
     tires) waste tire facility permit.
   Since January 1, 1993, whole tires
   have been banned from landfills.
•  A 5% purchase price preference is available for State-purchased
   products made from materials derived from used tires.

•  The CIWMB has a grant and loan program to encourage the
   recycling of tires.

•  The CIWMB has the authority to issue grants and loans to qualified
   companies engaged in tire recycling, reuse, recovery or reduction
   operations, including tire shredding, crumb rubber production,
   pyrolysis, and the manufacture of products from scrap tires.

•  The CIWMB is mandated to designate market development zones
   and provide economic and regulatory incentives to businesses within
   these zones for producing end products made with no less than 50%
   recycled material.

•  Grants are made to Local  Enforcement Agencies.
   Stabilization and remediation of waste
   tire sites.

   Conferences and workshops to
   promote recycling.

   Collection and analysis of emissions
   data from facilities using TDF.

   Civil engineering investigations.

   Local fire authority training.

   Emissions testing at coal-fired
   cogeneration facilities.

   Rubberized asphalt concrete technical
   assistance center.
                                                                                         VII

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COLORADO
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 General
 Glenn Mallory
 Colorado Department of Public
   Health and Environment
 Hazardous Materials and Waste
   Management Division
 HMWMD-SWIM-B2
 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
 Denver, Colorado 80222-1530
 Telephone: 303-692-3445
 FAX: 303-759-5355

 Market Incentives
   Solid waste regulations affecting scrap tire
   management became effective in May 1988.
   These regulations govern the final disposal of
   tires and regulate any site containing 10,000
   or more tires as a solid waste facility.

   An enforcement program is in place.
 Steve Johnson
 Colorado Housing and Finance
   Authority
 1981 Blake Street
 Denver, Colorado 80202
 Telephone: 303-297-7363
 FAX: 303-297-2615
   Since January 1, 1994, retailers of new tires or of new or
   used motor vehicles collect a recycling development fee
   of $1/tire on any waste tire to send to the State's
   Department of Revenue for deposit in the Waste Tire
   Recycling Development Cash Fund (Fund). Retailers
   and the Department of Revenue each can retain up to
   3-1/3% of the fee for administrative costs.

   Tires that are recapped or otherwise reprocessed for use
   are exempt from the fee.
   Not addressed.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    A facility is limited in the number
    of tires it can accept to the
    number it can process, store,
    recycle, or dispose of in a year.

    Storage requirements include
    fire control, security measures,
    access roads, and proper solid
    waste and environmental
    permits.

    Safe storage is defined as
    placing tires or tire shreds in
    trenches and covering them
    with sheets of plastic and dirt.
   Not addressed.
   A 20% tax credit for recycling equipment purchases.

   Market incentives from the Fund are administered by the
   Colorado Housing and Finance Authority.

   Fund money may be loaned to local governmental
   entities but only if no private individual or entity in the
   geographic area served by the government entity is
   engaged in the waste diversion or recycling projects of
   waste tires.

   At least  15% of the Fund is available to individuals or
   entities engaged in waste diversion or recycling programs
   in rural areas of the State.

   No less than 30% of the Fund is available for new
   businesses to be used for startup costs, and no more
   than 34% may be awarded to a single individual or entity.
   Moneys provided must not be the sole source of funding.
                                                                                         VIM

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CONNECTICUT
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Carey Hurlburt
  State of Connecticut
  Department of Environmental
   Protection
  Waste Management Bureau
  Planning and Standards Division
  79 Elm Street
  Hartford, Connecticut 06106-5127
  Telephone: 860-424-3248
  FAX: 860-424-4081
   Guidelines for Rubber Tire Storage Areas (1978-80).

   Tires are managed as a special waste under the
   Connecticut General Statutes, which became effective
   February 1985.

   The State Mandatory Recycling Act designates tires as
   future recyclables.
   Not addressed.
   Any tire handler must comply with the
   regulations set out in the Connecticut
   General Statutes.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Tire storage facilities must be
    licensed by the Department of
    Environmental Protection.
    Requirements include ground
    water protection, environmental
    health and safety provisions and
    financial assurance.
   Tires may be accepted at landfills until there are sufficient
   facilities with tire recycling capabilities in the State.
   State has a 10% price preference for
   products made from recycled materials.
   A 300 ton/day scrap tire-to-energy facility
   is now operating in the town of Sterling.  In
   1991, tires began to be diverted from
   landfills to a waste-to-energy facility in the
   State. The facility operates in Sterling,
   CT, and is burning approximately 106,600
   tons (10 million tires) annually.
                                                                                          IX

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DELAWARE
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Janet Manchester
 Delaware Department of Natural
   Resources and Environmental
   Control
 Division of Air and Waste
   Management
 Solid Waste Management Branch
 89 Kings Highway
 P.O. Box 1401
 Dover, Delaware 19903
 Telephone: 302-739-3820
 FAX: 302-739-5060
 Web site:
 http://www.dnrec.state.de.us
 E-mail:
 jmanchester@dnrec.state.de.us
   No scrap tire legislation at the present time.  However, tires
   are being managed as either a solid waste or recyclable
   material under existing solid waste regulations.

   New Regulation (1997) prohibits outdoor storage of tires
   without first obtaining a permit from the State Fire Marshal's
   office. (See Delaware State Fire Prevention Regulations,
   Part VI, Chapters.)
   Not addressed.
   Scrap tire haulers are not required to be
   permitted or registered. Tire haulers are
   exempt from the $300 fee for solid waste
   transporters.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Permit must be obtained from
     State Fire Marshal for outdoor
     storage.
   The State's three sanitary landfills are permitted to accept
   tires for landfilling provided that the tires are shredded or
   split. Whole tires in excess of 10 per truckload are
   prohibited from being landfilled.
   The State's Green Industries Initiative
   provides tax incentives and/or low
   interest loans to business and industry
   to use recycled materials in
   manufacturing or to process
   recyclables.  To date, two loans have
   been given out under this program,
   including one to a crumb rubber
   operation.
   The landfills have implemented a tipping
   fee of $95 per ton for whole tires, which
   they divert to a tire-to-energy facility.
   Shredded and sliced tires are accepted at
   the regular tipping fee of $58.50 per ton.

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FLORIDA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Bill Parker
  State of Florida
  Department of Environmental
   Protection
  Solid Waste Section MS-4565
  Twin Towers Office Building
  2600 Blair Stone Road
  Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400
  Telephone: 904-488-0300
  FAX: 904-414-0414
  E-mail: parker_b@dep.state.fl.us
   SB 1192, enacted in 1988, is the Solid Waste Act.  Scrap
   tires are addressed by the Act.

   Section 62-711 of the Florida Administrative Code defines
   terms and contains rules for handling and disposing of
   waste tires.
   A $1/tire tax on the retail sale of new
   tires.

   Retreads are exempt.
   Waste tire collectors must be registered
   with the Department of Environmental
   Protection.

   Collection centers must have a permit.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Waste tire sites must be closed
    or located at a permitted facility.

    Processing or disposal facilities,
    collection centers, and mobile
    operators must have a permit.
   Tires must be cut into at least eight pieces prior to
   landfilling.
   Counties receive grants that can be
   used to buy products made from waste
   tires.
   Florida Department of Transportation
   specifies rubber modified asphalt for all
   surfacing contracts.

   Waste tires are used as fuel in cement
   kilns, power plants, and paper mills.

   Shredded tires are used above the liner in
   landfill construction.
                                                                                           XI

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GEORGIA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Denny Jackson
 Scrap Tire Management Program
 Georgia Department of Natural
   Resources
 4244 International Parkway
 Suite 104
 Atlanta, Georgia 30354
 Telephone: 404-362-4500
 FAX: 404-362-2693
 E-Mail:
 denny_jackson@mail.dnr.state.ga.us
 Web site: http://www.dnr.state.ga.us
   HB 1385, a recycling amendment to the 1990 State Solid
   Waste Management Act that includes tires, was passed in
   May 1992.

   Georgia's Waste Tire Committee and regulators from the
   EPD have written proposed carrier and generator rules
   required by HB 1385.  They were promulgated in
   December 1992 and were effective January 1993.
   As of July 1, 1992, there is a $1/tire
   management fee on the sale of new
   passenger and truck tires.
   HB 1385 requires generators of scrap tires
   to obtain an identification number.
   Carriers must obtain permits including
   financial assurance.

   HB 1385 establishes a manifest/tracking
   system for scrap tires.

   Retail dealers must keep accurate records
   and report to the EPD quarterly on the
   number of new replacement tires sold.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     No one may store more than 100
     scrap tires anywhere in the State.
     Exceptions include:

     -  Solid waste disposal sites with
       a permit to store scrap tires
       prior to disposal;
     -  Tire retailers, if the number of
       scrap tires stored is under
       3,000;
     -  Tire retreader with not more
       than 1,500 scrap tires, if the
       tires will be retreaded;
     -  Auto salvage yards with not
       more than 500 scrap tires in
       storage.

     Storage and processing facilities
     must comply with pile dimension
     requirements.

     Processors of scrap tires must
     recycle 75% of incoming tires per
     quarter.
   Since January 1, 1995, whole tires have been banned from
   landfills. Shredded or chopped tires can be landfilled if no
   other end markets are available.
   Monies generated by the state fees are
   used for:

   S Scrap tire abatement projects by
     State contractors;
   S Grants to local governments for
     enforcement and educational
     programs;
   S Reimbursements to local
     governments for scrap tire recycling
     events;
   S Reimbursements to local
     governments for scrap tire pile
     cleanup projects;
   S Grants to universities and
     governmental agencies for innovative
     technology development.
   The EPD is gathering information on the
   locations and number of tires in
   unpermitted tire stockpiles in the State.

   Criteria for scrap tire dump abatement
   were developed in 1993.
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HAWAII
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 John Harder
 Hawaii Department of Health
 Office of Solid Waste Management
 Suite 210
 919 Ala Moana Boulevard
 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
 Telephone: 808-586-4240
 FAX: 808-586-7509
   Effective July 1, 1994, Chapter 342I, Hawaii Revised
   Statutes (H.R.S.) prohibits the disposal of whole used motor
   vehicle tires at all landfills and incinerators within the State
   of Hawaii.  Tire retailers are required to accept used tires in
   exchange for new ones purchased. There is no tax on the
   retail sale of tires.
   To date there is no tire advance
   disposal fee.
   No specific regulations.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Tire storage, shredding and
    processing facilities are now
    required to seek permit approval
    as described in Hawaii
    Administrative Rules Title 11,
    Chapter 58.1, "Solid Waste
    Management Control."
   Since July 1, 1992, whole tires have been banned from
   landfills and incinerators within the State of Hawaii.
   The Department of Accounting and
   General Services has finalized (under
   legislative direction)  its procurement
   rules and specifications.  They include
   a 10% preference for products made
   with recycled materials, including
   retread tires. The rules were
   promulgated by mid-1993.
   Shredded tires are sold to a coal plant for
   use as fuel.
                                                                                          XIII

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IDAHO
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Todd Montgomery
 State of Idaho
 Division of Environmental Quality
   (DEQ)
 1410 North Hilton Street
 Boise, Idaho 83720
 Telephone: 208-373-0464
 FAX: 208-373-0417
   HB 352, passed in March 1991, addressed
   acceptance of scrap tires, collection sites, and
   disposal of scrap tires.
   A $1/tire fee on the retail sale of motor vehicle tires,
   established as part of HB382, sunsetted June 30,
   1996.
   No specific regulations.

   Tire sellers must accept a number of
   scrap tires from consumers for
   disposal/recycling equal to the number of
   tires sold/year.

   Scrap tire collection sites must register
   with the DEQ.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    An owner or operator of a waste
    tire collection site must register
    with the Division of
    Environmental Quality and
    provide information concerning
    the site's location and size and
    the approximate number of
    waste tires that are stored at the
    site.
   Disposal of tires at landfills and incineration
   sites is banned (except as allowed under
   permissible fuel uses), effective July 1, 1993.

   Since January 1, 1993, tires must be
   disposed of at scrap tire collection sites.

   Each county was required to establish a
   program addressing waste tire disposal by
   October 1, 1992.
   The Waste Tire Grant program is no longer in
   existence.
                                                                                          XIV

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ILLINOIS
 State Contact
                                       Legislation and Regulations
                                                                       Funding Sources/Fees
                                                                        Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 General
 Alan Justice
 State of Illinois
 Department of Commerce and
   Community Affairs (DCCA)
 Bureau of Energy and Recycling
 325 West Adams
 Room 300
 Springfield, Illinois 62704-1892
 Telephone: 217-785-3999
 FAX: 217-785-2618
  Regulations and Cleanup
  Paul Purseglove
  Illinois EPA
  Bureau of Land
  1001  North Grand Avenue East
  Springfield, Illinois 62702
  Telephone: 217-524-5597
  FAX:  217-524-1991
HB 1085 (PA 86-452), enacted August 31, 1989, amended the
Environmental Protection Act to create the Used Tire Management
Program.  Financial assistance can be provided to local governments for
cleanup of tire piles, development of markets for tire-based products, and
regulations to control mosquito infestations in tire piles.

SB 989 (PA 87-727), enacted September 23, 1991, further amended the
Environmental Protection Act by establishing a new fee on tires sold,
setting priorities for how monies generated are earmarked, requiring tire
retailers to accept used tires for recycling, and  requiring the development
and implementation of a  plan to eliminate large tire piles. The Act also
created a waste management hierarchy for used tires generated.

HB 1159 (PA 87-476) enacted September 13, 1991, amended the Civil
Administrative Code of Illinois by requiring the Illinois Department of
Central Management Services to develop and implement a program to
use retreads as replacement tires on State-owned vehicles whenever
possible.

Title 14, Section 55.8(c), of the Illinois Environmental Protection Act
authorizes retailers to enter agreements with their suppliers to have the
supplier remit the $1/tire  fee collected  to the State.

The State has regulations that apply to generators, transporters, and
processors of used and waste tires. The regulations are Part 848 of the
Illinois Pollution Control Board's regulations.
                                  Since July 1, 1992, any person
                                  offering tires at retail sale in Illinois
                                  must collect a fee of $1/tire sold and
                                  delivered in the State.  After collection
                                  allowances are paid to the retailer and
                                  the Illinois Department of Revenue,
                                  $0.80 of each dollar is deposited into
                                  the Used Tire Management Fund.
                                  Approximately $7 million is expected
                                  to be generated annually.
    Final rules for licensing scrap tire
    transporters were finalized in 1990.

    Since July 1, 1992, any person
    offering tires for retail sale must
    accept for recycling one used tire for
    every tire sold.

    Since July 1, 1992, any person
    offering tires for retail sale in Illinois
    must post a written notice that
    includes the universal recycling
    symbol and the following statement:
    "DO NOT put used tires in the trash";
    "Recycle your used tires"; and "State
    law requires us to accept used tires
    for recycling, in exchange for new
    tires purchased."

    Any retailer that collects used tires for
    recycling under PA 87-727 may not
    allow the tires to accumulate for a
    period of more than 90 days.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
           Disposal Restrictions
                                                                               Financial/Market Incentives
                                                                                                                                                      Additional Information
     Since April 1991, scrap tire storage facilities are
     requested to limit tire pile size, and ensure that
     water does not accumulate in tires. Site owners
     must maintain daily records of tires received
     and/or processed.

     Sites with more than 5,000 tires are required to
     have financial insurance to cover the cost of site
     cleanup.

     Since January  1992, processors have been
     regulated.  Provisions include ensuring that tires
     are processed  in a manner that prevents water
     accumulation.

     Since January  1, 1992, no one can operate a tire
     storage site containing more than  50 used tires
     unless the site  has been registered with the Illinois
     Environmental  Protection Agency.  Registered
     sites must report the number of tires accumulated,
     the status of vector control, and the actions to
     handle and process the tires.
               Since July 1, 1994,
               whole tires are
               banned from
               landfills.
A portion of the money generated from the $1/tire fee imposed by PA
87-727 will be available to the Illinois DCCA to provide
manufacturing/processing grants and loans,
procurement/demonstration grants, research/development grants, and
marketing grants.

The Illinois DCCA Used Tire Recovery Program awards grants and low
interest loans to expand existing used tire processing facilities in the
State and to promote beneficial end uses of tires.  For example, the
Program has provided funding to:

S Waste Recovery - Illinois for the purchase of equipment to process
  scrap tires into tire-derived fuel;
S Laidlaw Waste Systems, Inc. to build a roadway with waste tire-
  derived material as an insulating road base;
S Over 100 schools, colleges and universities to assist in the purchase
  of outdoor, all-weather running tracks made from tire-derived
  material;
S Construct, with tire-derived materials, over 150 playgrounds and over
  40 horse arenas;
S Illinois Cement Company to purchase a feeding system to  introduce
  whole tire-derived fuel into their cement kiln.
The Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) may allow, on a case-by-
case basis, the use of alternative
materials, including shredded tire
material,  to serve as a daily cover at
sanitary landfills.

Illinois has an active tire cleanup program.
The State will remove up to 1,000 tires
from private property at no expense
provided  the property owner agrees to no
further accumulations. The State has a
law, Section 55.3 of the Illinois
Environmental Protection Act, that allows
EPA to order a property owner to remove
tires from his or her property and follows
up with a State removal and cost recovery
if the owner is unwilling or unable to
comply. The  Illinois EPA averages 100
cleanups each year, with 1.5 to 2 million
tires removed from open dumps yearly.
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INDIANA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
         Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 General
 Debby Baker
 Indiana Department of
   Environmental Management
   (DEM)
 Office of Solid and Hazardous
   Waste
 100 N Senate Avenue
 P.O. Box 6015
 Indianapolis,  Indiana 46206-6015
 Telephone: 317-232-0066
 FAX:  317-232-3403

 Market Incentives
 Jose Evans
 Energy Policy Division
 Indiana Department of Commerce
 One N. Capitol Avenue, Suite 600
 Indianapolis,  Indiana 46204
 Telephone: 317-232-8951
 FAX: 317-232-8995
  HB 1391, signed into law March 1990, established regulations
  on the disposal of lead acid batteries and waste tires.

  HB 1056, an act amending HB 1391, was passed in 1990.
  When HB 1056 sunsetted, it was replaced by HB 1047, which
  requires that rules be written on tire storage and  transport.  HB
  1047 also extended the life of the Waste Tire Task Force.

  PL 19, passed in 1990, created the Waste Tire Management
  Fund and established a price preference for recycled materials,
  including retread tires.

  PL 236,  passed in 1991, affects tire retailers,  wholesalers,
  haulers,  and processors.  Haulers must comply with 329
  Indiana Code (IAC) 12-6.  Processors must comply with 329
  IAC 12-5.

  PL 88, passed in March 1992, set up a registration system for
  storage of waste tires. Storage sites must comply with the
  registration and operational requirements of 329  IAC 12-5.

  Article 15 for waste tire management is expected to be
  promulgated in 1999.
            As of July 1991, a waste tire
            management fund was created.

            -  35% is for removal and disposal of
              improperly disposed tires and for
              operating the waste tire education
              program and to pay administrative
              expenses;
            -  65% assists the Department of
              Commerce to provide grants and
              loans to people involved  in waste
              tire management activities and to
              pay administrative expenses.

            The fund  is supported by a  $0.25 fee
            assessed on each new tire  sold in
            Indiana and is administered by the
            Indiana Department of Environmental
            Management.
  Provisions and permit fee amounts have
  been established for registering scrap tire
  haulers.

  Tire retailers are required to post a notice in
  the establishment advising customers that
  the retailer is required to  accept the
  customers' used tires for recycling.

  Retailers must retain one used tire for each
  new tire sold.

  A manifest form is required for shipment of
  scrap tires from a generator to a disposal or
  processing facility.

  Haulers transporting more than 20 scrap
  tires in  Indiana must register with IDEM and
  comply with the requirements of 329 IAC
  12-6, which includes manifesting.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
                Additional Information
   A permit is required for scrap tire
   storage facilities.

     Most facilities that cut, shred or
     grind tires are required to be
     registered as a waste tire
     processing facility. The
     following facilities are not
     required to be registered:

     -  A generator (tire dealer, auto
       salvage yard) that only
       processes tires generated by
       its business;
     -  A facility registered as a
       waste tire storage facility.
     -  A mobile shredder that only
       processes tires at the site of
       generation;
     -  A tire recapper.
   IAC 13-20-14 states that "A whole waste tire may
   not be disposed of at a solid waste landfill after
   Julyl, 1995."

   IDEM has determined how a tire may be altered so it
   is no longer a whole tire and thus may be disposed
   of into a solid waste landfill.

   -  A tire which has the sidewalls cut and the
     remaining tread intact, resulting in three pieces
     (two sidewalls and the tread); or
   -  A tire which has been cut, at a minimum, into four
     (4) relatively equal pieces.  The tire can be laid on
     its side and cut like a pie through the bead and
     tread  into four pieces. Both sidewalls can be cut
     out of the tire and the remaining tread cut into two
     relatively equal pieces.  The tire may be split in
     half along the center of the tread (a bagel cut) and
     the resulting two pieces each cut in half. Each
     landfill site may require additional processing or
     may refuse to accept any tire material.
   The Indiana Dept. of Commerce Energy Policy Division (EPD)
   administers the Recycled Tire Product Procurement Grants
   Program, established January 1995, which awards grants of up
   to $40,000 for Indiana local and state government agencies to
   purchase products made from recycled Indiana scrap tires to
   promote and demonstrate the use of products made from
   recycled scrap tires. Grantees must provide a minimum of 50
   percent of the total project cost.

   EPD administers the Recycled Tire Product Marketing Grants
   Program, established January 1995, which awards grants of up
   to $20,000 for Indiana businesses to promote and market
   products made from recycled scrap tires.  Grantees must provide
   a minimum of 50 percent of the total project cost.

   EPD administers the Tire-Derived Fuel Testing Grants Program,
   established January 1995, which awards grants of up to $30,000
   for utilities, pulp and paper mills, cement kilns, and other
   operations with appropriate pollution control equipment to test
   the use of tire-derived fuel in their operations. Grantees must
   provide a minimum  of 50 percent of the total project cost.
                                                                                         XVI

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IOWA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
      Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Mel Pins
  State of Iowa
  Department of Natural
   Resources (DNR)
  Waste Management Assistance
   Division
  502 East Ninth Street
  Henry A. Wallace Bldg.
  Des Moines, Iowa 50319-0034
  Telephone: 515-281-8489
  FAX:  515-281-8895
   House File 753, the Waste Management and
   Recycling Act, was passed in 1989. A portion of
   the Act addresses waste tire disposal.

   House File 706, Registration of Waste Tire
   Haulers, was passed in 1990.

   House File 2433, establishing a Waste Tire
   Management Fund, was passed in 1996.  The
   fund provides a total of $15 million over six fiscal
   years, 1997-2002, for a variety of waste tire
   related programs, including grant funding for
   county waste tire collection and management
   programs, incentive grants for eligible waste tire
   processors located within the State, grants to the
   three State universities to encourage the use of
   tire-derived fuel, and funds for the abatement of
   nuisance stockpiles.

   In conjunction with requirements set forth in
   HF2433, the Department is currently developing
   administrative rules defining beneficial uses of
   whole or processed waste tires, including uses
   related to civil engineering practices, erosion
   control, and agricultural practices.
         The 1996 legislation provided for the
         reallocation of a portion of an existing $5
         surcharge, which is collected at the time of
         a motor vehicle title issuance or transfer, to
         the Waste Tire Management Fund for fiscal
         years 1997-2002.

         The Landfill Alternatives Financial
         Assistance Program (passed as part of the
         1987 Iowa Ground Water Protection Act) is
         funded  by a tonnage fee (a surcharge on all
         wastes), paid in addition to a tipping fee, at
         landfills.
   HF 706 requires that waste tire haulers register
   with, and obtain a certificate of registration from
   the Secretary of State's Corporations Division
   Office. A $10,000 surety bond is required of
   each hauler to be registered. "Waste tire hauler"
   means a person who transports for hire more
   than 40 waste tires in a single load for
   commercial purposes.

   Haulers are liable for any costs associated with
   improper disposal of tires.

   Generators of scrap tires must contract with a
   registered hauler for removal of scrap tires.

   Transporters of scrap tires for final land disposal
   are required to dispose of the tires at permitted
   sanitary disposal facilities.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     HF 2475 established permitting
     requirements for waste tire
     storage and processing
     facilities. The requirements
     include a permit fee and a
     financial assurance instrument
     and apply to facilities with more
     than 500 tires.

     House File 228, passed in 1997,
     allows authorized vehicle
     recyclers to store or collect up
     to 3,500 waste tires without a
     waste tire storage permit.

     House File 653, also passed in
     1997, provided that all
     requirements for financial
     assurance became effective
     July 1,1998.
   Since July 1, 1991, disposal of whole tires
   in landfills is banned. Tires must be
   processed by, at a minimum, shredding,
   cutting, or chopping  into pieces that are no
   longer than 18 inches on any side.

   Disposers of waste tires must contract with
   a registered hauler for removal of waste
   tires.
   The Landfill Alternatives Financial Assistance
   Program provides funding for source reduction
   and recycling projects. Since 1988, nine projects
   for scrap tire management have received funding.

   House File 2433 provides eligible waste tire
   processors located within the State a grant of up
   to $20,000 annually, as an incentive to encourage
   such processors to lower the rates at which they
   sell processed waste tire materials.

   The Waste Tire Management County Grant
   Program has been established in conjunction with
   HF2433.  The program provides competitive grant
   awards to counties for the implementation of
   waste tire collection and management programs
   at the local level. An average of $1 million is
   available annually for the program, with grant
   funds to be used for waste tire collection and
   processing fees, an educational component to the
   program, and promotional and administrative
   expenses.
   As mandated in HF2433, the Department began
   implementing a Waste Tire Stockpile Abatement
   Program in fiscal year 1998.  The program will
   provide the Department with funding in order to
   contract for the removal and abatement of
   approximately 6 million waste tires, contained in
   over 60 stockpiles statewide.

   As of 1998, one cement kiln, one industrial plant,
   and one State university use tire-derived fuel
   (TDF) as a supplement to their primary fossil
   fuel resources. An in-state processor also
   manufactures agricultural equipment bushings
   from bias-ply tire casings.

   A second state university will begin using TDF in
   1999.

   A private boiler is to have conducted a test burn
   of TDF in 1998 and, if successful, may
   permanently use TDF.
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KANSAS
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Joe Cronin
 Kansas Department of Health and
    Environment
 Bureau of Waste Management
 Forbes Field, Building 740
 Topeka, Kansas 66620
 Telephone:  913-296-1667
 FAX:  913-296-1592
   Kansas Statutes Annotated 65-3424 through 65-3424m and
   Kansas Administrative Regulations 28-29-28 through 28-29-
   33 pertain to waste tire management.
   An excise tax of $0.50 on the retail sale
   of new tires. An estimated $1.2 million
   per year in tire fund revenues will be
   used for grants to local governments
   and program administration.

   Excise tax will be reduced to $0.25 per
   tire on July 1, 2001.

   The Waste Tire Management Fund was
   established in 1990 to provide grants to
   cities and counties for scrap tire
   recycling, management, collection, and
   disposal operations and to enforce laws
   relating to collection and disposal fees.
   Waste tire transporters are required to have
   permits and provide financial assurance.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Permit requirements for waste
     tire processing facilities,  mobile
     waste tire processors, and
     collection centers include
     zoning and site plans, a
     management/operation plan for
     the site containing information
     on the number of tires to be
     processed, type of processing
     to be used, a contingency plan
     for fire or other emergencies,
     proof of ownership of site, a
     closure plan, financial
     assurance, pile size limitations,
     and site operation standards.
   As of July 1,  1990, whole tires are banned from disposal in
   landfills.

   Tires, if cut sufficiently small,  may be disposed of in
   landfills.

   Tires may be disposed of only in permitted disposal
   facilities.

   After July 1,  1999, tire disposal only in permitted monofills.
   The first municipal grants issued
   through the Waste Tire Management
   Fund were awarded in 1993.

   The only market stimulation grant to
   develop waste tire recycling markets
   was awarded in 1997. The amount of
   the grant was $400,000.  No additional
   funds are available.
   Whole tires may be used as part of a
   proven and approved leachate collection
   system.

   Cut tire chips may be used as daily landfill
   cover material.

   Beneficial uses must be approved in
   writing by the Kansas Department of
   Health and  Environment.
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KENTUCKY
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Charles Peters
 Kentucky Department of
    Environmental Protection
 Division of Waste Management
 14 Reilly Road
 Frankfort,  Kentucky 40601
 Telephone: 502-564-6716
 FAX: 502-564-4049
   HB 636, passed in April 1998, specifically addresses the
   management of waste tires.
   There is a $1/tire tax on the retail sale
   of new replacement tires.

   A waste tire fund was established for
   the cleanup of tire piles and for market
   development.
   Accumulators, transporters, and
   processors must register and post bond.

   Tire retailers and accumulators can
   transfer waste tires only to registered
   transporters or authorized facilities.
   Receipts are required.

   No person can accumulate more than 100,
   transport more than 50, or process more
   than 25 waste tires without registering with
   the Kentucky Department of Environmental
   Protection (PEP).	
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    No person can accumulate
    more than 100 or process more
    than 25 waste tires without
    registering with the DEP.

    Management standards for
    accumulators, including access
    for firefighting equipment and
    prevention of the entrapment of
    water.
   Only tires "rendered suitable for disposal" may be disposed
   of in landfills.
   Sales tax exemption on recycling
   equipment.

   Tax credit on recycling equipment.
   A cement plant is burning tires for fuel.
                                                                                        XIX

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LOUISIANA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Karen Fisher-Brasher
  Louisiana Department of
     Environmental Quality
  Office of Solid and Hazardous
     Waste
  P.O. Box 82178
  Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70884-
     2178
  Telephone:  504-765-0249
  FAX: 504-765-0299
  E-mail: karen_f@deq.state.la.us
  Web site: www.deq.state.la.us
   Act 185, a solid waste recycling and reduction law affecting
   scrap tires, was passed in 1989, and became effective
   January 20, 1992.

   The Department of Environmental Quality formulated
   regulations for scrap tire recycling in accordance with Act
   185. The current regulations include:

       Manifest and reporting requirements;
       Site notification requirements;
       Permitting requirements for transporters and waste tire
       collection storage, recycling and disposal sites;
       Outdoor/indoor storage requirements;
       Tire dealer responsibilities; and
       Provisions for a $2/tire fee on retail sale.
   A $2/tire fee on retail sales became
   effective February 1992.

   Notification and permitting fees are
   specified in the regulations.

   A portion of the waste tire management
   fund is used to pay for the cleanup of
   waste tire piles around the State.
   Permit fees have been established for tire
   haulers, collectors, and processors.

   The retailers are required to post a notice
   in their establishment advising customers
   that the retailer is required to accept the
   customers' tires for recycling.

   Customers are required to pay the
   disposal fee whether they leave the waste
   tire or take it with them.

   Retailers may not refuse to take one used
   tire for each new tire sold.

   The period of time over which collection/
   processing facilities can retain whole tires
   is limited.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    As of January 1990, tires must
    go to a permitted recycling or
    solid waste disposal facility or to
    waste tire collection sites.

    Permit fees have been
    established for processors.
   Since January 1, 1991, whole tires cannot be disposed in
   landfills. They must be cut or shredded prior to disposal.
   A portion of the waste tire management
   fund is used to pay for the cleanup of
   waste tire piles around the State.

   A 5% price preference for State
   purchases of supplies that meet
   recycled content requirements.

   Tax credits equal to 20% of the cost of
   recycling equipment may be used to
   process recyclables or to manufacture
   materials using recycled feedstock.
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MAINE
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 James Glasgow
 State of Maine
 Department of Environmental
     Protection (DEP)
 Bureau of Remediation and Waste
     Management
 17 State House Station
 Augusta, Maine  04333
 Telephone:  207-287-2651
 FAX: 207-287-7826
 E-mail:  jims.glasgow@state.me.us
   LD 1431, passed in 1989, established a funding source for
   scrap tire management activities. It went into effect January
   1990.

   Chapter 406 of the State Solid Waste Management Plan
   contains requirements for proper storage or disposal of
   scrap tires and the licensing of storage and processing
   facilities.  The rules that apply to tire storage facilities
   include provisions for surface and groundwater protection.

   The Tire Stockpile Abatement Law,  enacted in 1991, gives
   DEP authority to investigate uncontrolled tire stockpiles,
   gives enforcement authority to DEP to require owners/
   operators of such sites to clean up the sites, and contains
   provisions concerning assignment of liability and State
   authority to recover funds.	
   A $1/tire advance disposal fee paid on
   the retail sale will fund tire pile cleanup
   and scrap tire recycling grant and loan
   programs.

   $5 million bond for stockpile disposal
   passed by referendum in 1996.

   A $2.5 million contract has been
   awarded for the remediation of a
   stockpile containing approximately
   20 million tires.
   As of April 1, 1991, scrap tire haulers are
   required to be licensed, meet manifest
   requirements, and show financial
   responsibility.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    A permit is required if the tire
    storage area is greater than
    10,000 square feet.

    Permit requirements decrease
    for storage areas less than
    10,000 square feet.
    Exemptions are possible for
    short-term storage and for
    temporary use of portable tire
    shredders.

    All scrap tire storage facilities
    are covered under State solid
    waste processing and disposal
    regulations, and have the same
    siting restrictions.

    A permit is required for scrap
    tire processing  facilities.
   No whole tires in landfills.
   The State requires the purchase of
   recycled materials if it is feasible and
   environmentally sound. This includes
   retread tires, chipped tires for road fill,
   and rubberized asphalt.
   A report by the Department of
   Transportation (DOT) was submitted to
   the legislature in March 1990. The
   subject was the use of ground tire rubber
   as an additive to asphalt concrete.

   A DOT recycling project was established.
   It included a comprehensive review of
   feasible alternatives for using recyclable
   materials in construction.  Ground rubber
   from tires was one of several materials
   specifically identified in the study.

   Pulp and paper mills have been licensed
   to burn 40,000 tons  per year of tire-
   derived fuel.

   17,000 tons of tire chips have been used
   as lightweight fill in road construction in
   1996-97.
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MARYLAND
  State Contact
                                      Legislation and Regulations
                                              Funding Sources/Fees
                                                       Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Regulatory/Cleanup
  Mary C. Richmond
  Maryland Department of the
     Environment (MDE)
  Waste Management Administration
  Recycling Service Division
  2500 Broening Highway
  Building 40
  Baltimore, Maryland 21224
  Telephone: 410-631-3315
  FAX: 410-631-3842
  Demonstrations/Recycling
  Rhody Holthaus
  Maryland Environmental Services
  Department of Natural Resources
  2011 Commerce Park Drive
  Annapolis, Maryland 21401
  Telephone: 410-974-7254
  FAX: 410-974-7236
HB 1202, the Scrap Tire Recycling Act
enacted in 1991, regulates the proper disposal
of scrap tires.  Requires licensing of scrap tire
recycling, collection, hauling, and tire-derived
fuel operations. Establishes a mechanism for
the cleanup of scrap tire stockpiles. Sets a fee
of $1/tire on new tire sales to fund the Scrap
Tire Program.

COMAR 26.04.08 (1992) contains regulations
covering storage, collection, transferring,
hauling, recycling, and processing of scrap
tires.
Maryland's Scrap Used Tire Cleanup and Recycling
Fund was created by law. Funds are generated from
collection of the fee, penalties and cost recovery.

As of February 1, 1992, the State has a tire recycling fee
of up to $1 to be collected by retail tire dealers on the
sale of a  new tire in the State, including new tires sold as
part of a newer used vehicle. Dealers keep 1.2% of the
gross amount of the fee collected and give the
remainder to the Comptroller of the Treasury,  who
transfers these fees to the Used Tire Cleanup and
Recycling Fund.

The Used Tire Cleanup and Recycling Fund is used for:

- Cleaning up existing stockpiles of used tires;
- Establishing a tire recycling system;
- Assisting tire recycling projects;
- Providing financial assistance to recycling
  companies; and
- Providing public education.
Scrap tire collection facilities and haulers are required to
obtain licenses.

Three types of collection facility licenses are available:
General license for 50 scrap tires at any given time,
Secondary license for up to 1,500 tires, and Primary license
for more than 1,500 tires at any given time.

Licenses are issued for 5 years (except for General).

Scrap tire hauler license applicants must submit the  number of
vehicles used to transport scrap tires; submit vehicle
identification and tag  numbers for each vehicle; provide map
showing geographical area of service; identify all sites where
tires will be collected, delivered or transferred; and maintain
records on the origin, number, and destination of scrap tires
hauled.

Scrap tire collection facilities are required to provide: the
maximum number of tires to be accumulated at a facility on a
daily basis, and at any given time; general facility information
and operation; scrap tire hauler information; and the  final
destination of the scrap tires. The technical and storage
standard requirements may be applicable to collection
facilities.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
               Disposal Restrictions
                                                                                                       Financial/Market Incentives
                                                                                                                                                 Additional Information
  •   Scrap Tire Recyclers are required to obtain a
     license from MDE.

  •   Approvals are required for Tire-Derived Fuel and
     Solid Waste Acceptance Facilities.

  •   Licenses and Approvals are issued for 5 years.

  •   Scrap tire recycling operation must submit a
     complete proposal that includes detailed site plan,
     tire processing capacities, maximum quantity of tires
     at the facility, general facility information and
     operation, and documentation for the availability of
     tire product markets.  The facility's ability to meet
     technical and operational standards for tire storage
     is required if facility plans to accumulate scrap tires
     in any form or configuration in excess of 15,000
     cubic feet.  Closure plans are also required for these
     operations.

  •   Tire-derived fuel facilities' requirements are similar
     to recycling facilities' except for market information.

  •   Solid waste facility approvals are granted by a
     modification to the facility's refuse disposal permit.
                  Tires banned from all Maryland landfills
                  after January 1, 1994.

                  If dealers, recyclers, or collectors do not
                  satisfy the requirements for selling or
                  disposing of the tires, they are required to
                  use a State-approved disposal system.
                  The law allows the Secretary of the
                  Environment to take remedial action and/or
                  remove tires at any site if he or she
                  determines disposal may be carried out
                  improperly or in a way that threatens the
                  environment.
                State has a 5% price preference for
                products containing recycled materials.

                Maryland Environmental Service Scrap
                Tire Management Program to date
                includes:

                -  Retreaded Tire Utilization Project;
                -  Remanufactured Tire Demonstration
                  Project;
                -  Promoting the use of tire chips as a
                  supplemental fuel in cement kilns;
                -  Researching the use of scrap tires in
                  asphalt and in composting;
                -  Catalog of products issued to
                  promote use of products
                  manufactured of scrap tire material;
                -  Tire reef project.

                Four companies are currently
                participating in the Scrap Tire
                Recycling System.
The Maryland Environmental Service (MES) is responsible for
developing the statewide tire recycling system. This includes
establishing regional collection centers and haulers. The MES
is also setting up demonstration programs and distributing
money from the Used Tire Cleanup and Recycling Fund.

State completed a market study for recyclables, including
tires, in 1990.

As of 1998, eight scrap tire processing facilities are operating
and accepting significant quantities of tires. These operations
include four scrap tire recycling operations, three cement kilns
that utilize tires as supplemental fuel, and one waste-to-
energy facility.

With the cooperation of State agencies and volunteers, MDE
constructed five playgrounds using whole scrap tires in
Calvert Cliffs and Tuckahoe State Parks.

Landfill Cap Demonstration Projects using tire chips are in
progress for Nicholson Road and Round Glade Landfills.
These landfills are located in Kent and Garret Counties,
respectively.
                                                                                                     XXII

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MASSACHUSETTS
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Judy Shope
 Commonwealth of Massachusetts
 Department of Environmental
     Protection (DEP)
 Recycling Division
 One Winter Street, 7th Floor
 Boston, Massachusetts 02108-
     4747
 Telephone:  617-292-5597
 FAX: 617-292-5778
   An Act to Protect the Environment and Public Health by
   Proper Disposal of Certain Automotive Wastes was
   reintroduced in 1992, attached to an omnibus recycling bill,
   but did not pass.

   As of October 1997, the House Ways and Means
   Committee was considering a comprehensive scrap tire
   management bill.  This legislation would set fees for
   retailers that would go to a dedicated fund for scrap tire
   programs and includes grants and education programs.

   The Solid Waste Management Facility Regulations require
   that storage, collection, processing, and disposal sites meet
   permit criteria, such as proof of ownership; site location,
   topography, and wetlands impact; site and pile dimensions;
   number  of tires received and processed; tire prevention
   plans; and security measures.	
   Recycling Loan Fund for tire reuse
   projects.
   Massachusetts DEP does not regulate
   solid waste haulers.

   Scrap tire collection facilities are exempt
   from solid waste regulations if the facility
   can demonstrate that the tires are being
   recycled or reused.

   Collection sites must  meet permit criteria.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Storage and processing
    facilities are regulated as
    handling facilities, and must
    meet permitting criteria.

    Processing facilities are exempt
    from solid waste regulations if
    the facility can demonstrate that
    the tires are being recycled or
    reused.
   As of December 31, 1991, whole tires are banned from
   disposal in landfills. Tires must be shredded prior to
   disposal in landfills.

   Disposal sites must meet permit criteria.
   A 1988 Executive Order established
   10% purchasing preference for buying
   recycled products or goods with
   recycled content. Initially targeted at
   paper, plastic, aluminum, and compost;
   the Executive Order allows a broader
   list at discretion of purchasing agent.

   DEP staff working with an interagency
   group to establish a contract for the
   purchase of retread tires by State
   agencies.

   Recycling Loan Fund is available for tire
   reuse projects—funded one $150,000
   loan to one tire processing facility.

   Funded Massachusetts Highway
   Department (MHD)  to increase its use
   of recycled products in transportation
   applications—included four applications
   of crumb rubber.
   Successful test burn of tire chips
   conducted in 1996 at NE Power
   facility—Beneficial Use Permit (BUD)
   granted to co-combust with coal.

   BUDs granted to use tire chips as landfill
   cover.
                                                                                        XXIII

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MICHIGAN
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Kyle Cruse
  Michigan Department of
     Environmental Quality (DEQ)
  Waste Management Division
  P.O. Box 30241
  Lansing, Michigan 48909
  Telephone:  517-335-4757
  FAX: 517-373-4797
  E-mail:  crusek@deg.state.mi.us
   Part 169 of the Natural Resources and
   Environmental Protection Act (NREPA),
   1994, P.A. 451, as amended (Part 169)

   -  A criminal statute provides for fines up
     to$10/tire, 90 days in jail, and 100
     hours of community service.

   Scrap tires, also subject to Part 115 of
   the  NREPA, as solid waste if not
   managed in compliance with Part 169.

   -  Criminal, civil and administrative
     remedies.
   A $0.50 tire disposal
   surcharge on each certificate
   of vehicle title.  Moneys from
   the surcharge are deposited
   in the Scrap Tire Regulatory
   Fund, established to
   implement and enforce the
   scrap tire regulations and
   clean up "abandoned"  scrap
   tires  on public and private
   lands and tires accumulated
   at collection sites prior to
   January 1, 1991.
   Hauler must be registered in order to haul scrap tires.

   All scrap tire collection sites must register with the Department
   of Environmental Quality and pay a $200/year registration fee.

   Uncovered tire collection sites with more than 500 scrap tires
   are regulated.

   Transportation records, on forms approved  by the Department,
   are required from tire retailers and scrap tire haulers for each
   load transported.  Required  record includes generator, hauler,
   and destination information.

   Tire retailers must use registered scrap tire haulers for
   contracted tire removal.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Scrap tires must not be stored in piles
     greater than 15 feet in height, with
     horizontal dimensions no greater than
     200 by 40 feet with 30 foot spacing
     between.

     Tires must not be stored within 20 feet
     of property line or within 60 feet of a
     building or structure.

     Tires must be covered, shredded, or
     sprayed to limit potential for mosquito
     breeding.

     Bond, in the form of Surety Bond,
     Irrevocable Letter of Credit, Certificate
     of Deposit or Cash,  is required for all
     storage of tires to ensure removal.  The
     minimum bond requirements are as
     follows: $25,0007% acre for outdoor
     storage, $2/square foot of indoor
     storage, and $750/vehicle for storage in
     trailers.

     Collection sites with an accumulation
     over 100,000 tires must operate as a
     processor to facilitate recycling by at
     least shredding the tires.	
   Tires may be landfilled at facilities
   licensed under Part 115 of the NREPA or
   stored in compliance with Part 169 (see
   Storage and Processor Regulations).
   A 10% price preference is
   available for recycled
   products.

   There is a tire recycling
   program that provides grants
   to clean up public and private
   tire collection sites that
   existed prior to 1991.

   Since 1993, $2.7 million has
   been granted to public and
   private tire site owners to
   remove and recycle more
   than 2.25 million scrap tires.
                                                                                         XXIV

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MINNESOTA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Don Nelson
  Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
  Ground Water & Solid Waste
     Division
  520 Lafayette Road
  St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-8621
  Telephone:  612-296-8621
  FAX:  612-296-9707
  E-mail:
  donald.nelson@pca.state, mn. us
  Web site:
  http://www.pca.state.mn.us
•   The Scrap Tire Law was passed in 1984.
   A $4 tax on vehicle title transfers will be
   in place for 2 more years. The Agency
   also received $200,000 in tire
   abatement funds for FY98-99.
   Transporter ID requirements and
   enforcement policies have been
   established and implemented.

   Tire retailers must accept as many scrap
   tires from a customer as tires are sold to
   that customer.

   Tire retailers may charge a disposal fee.

   Tire retailers may store up to 500 scrap
   tires without a storage permit.

   Tire retailers are required to use only
   scrap tire transporters that have a valid ID
   number from the State.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Landfills are exempt from scrap
     tire storage permits if they store
     no more than 10,000 waste
     tires.

     Permitted waste tire transfer
     facilities are allowed to
     temporarily store and transfer
     up to 10,000 scrap tires.

     Permitted processing facilities
     can temporarily store,  for
     processing,  up to 70,000 scrap
     tires.

     Permitted storage facilities can
     store up to 500,000 scrap tires.

     All facilities must provide
     financial assurance to ensure
     clean closure.
   Tires are banned from disposal in landfills.
   No funding for grants and loans.
   The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
   published a study on leachate from the
   disposal of tires in 1990.

   Minnesota Department of Transportation
   and the University of Minnesota are
   testing rubberized asphalt.

   In 1998, the approximate end uses of
   waste tires from Minnesota processors
   are 75% as tire-derived fuel; 20% as
   lightweight fill material; and 5% as
   consumer products.
                                                                                         XXV

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MISSISSIPPI
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Mark Williams
  Mississippi Department of
     Environmental Quality
  Special Waste Program
  Office of Pollution Control
  P.O. Box 10385
  Jackson, Mississippi 39289-0385
  Telephone:  601-961-5304
  FAX: 601-354-6612
  E-mail:
  mark_williams@deq. state, ms. us
   SB 2985, a bill addressing the disposal of batteries, tires,
   and household hazardous waste, was passed in 1991.

   Scrap tire transportation regulations were adopted
   December 19, 1991, and became effective in 1992.

   Scrap tire management regulations were finalized and
   adopted in August 1992.  The regulations include
   requirements for collection sites, processing facilities, and
   disposal sites and financial responsibility requirements for
   agriculture, erosion control, or other alternative uses of
   scrap tires.

   SB 2985 may be amended in 1993 to reduce county
   governments' scrap tire management obligation.  This
   would mean a reduction in funds available to counties. The
   original bill forced counties to develop a scrap tire
   management system for all scrap tires generated in the
   county.  Of 82 counties, 72 have some type of system in
   place.

   Scrap tire grant regulations became effective July 1, 1992,
   and establish eligibility and allocation of the Environmental
   Protection Trust Fund.

   The 1997 Legislature included agricultural tires in the scrap
   tire program, including tractor tires.
   A $1/tire fee on the retail sale of tires.

   The Environmental Protection Trust
   Fund has been established.
   As of January 1,  1992, scrap tire haulers
   must be registered with the State and
   must renew such certification annually.

   Tires may be deposited only at authorized
   collection, processing, or disposal points.

   Transportation of tires must be certified by
   using State manifest forms and keeping
   records of transportation.

   A scrap tire collection site permit must be
   obtained  if you store more than 100 tires,
   unless you are a retail outlet where you
   can store up to 500 tires.

   As of January 1,  1992, scrap tire haulers/
   collectors, generators and processors
   must maintain manifest records of the
   numbers of tires  generated from a facility,
   transported and processed, reused or
   disposed.

   Tires must be cut, sliced, or shredded to
   facilitate  recycling or disposal.

   Financial assurance required of
   processors and collectors.	
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Collection, processing, and
    disposal sites must obtain
    authorization to operate from
    State DEQ.

    Processors must maintain
    manifest records of the
    numbers of tires generated from
    a facility, transported and
    processed, reused or disposed.
•  Tires must be cut, sliced, or shredded prior to landfilling.

•  Landfill ban on all tires set for January 1, 2000.
   Environmental Protection Trust Fund
   can allocate:

   -  30% for eligible counties and
     regional solid waste disposal
     authorities;
   -  25% for recycling and demonstration
     grants;
   -  20% for abatement of illegal
     stockpiles;
   -  Remainder for public education and
     administration of the program.
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MISSOURI
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Dan Fester
  Missouri Department of Natural
     Resources
  Solid Waste Management Program
  P.O. Box 176
  Jefferson City, Missouri  65102
  Telephone:  573-751-5401
  FAX: 573-526-3902
   SB 530, an omnibus solid waste bill passed in August 1990. Includes
   provisions for regulating tires.

   HB 438, passed in August 1990, establishes purchase preferences.

   SB 60-112 passed in August 1995.  Includes more stringent
   provisions for regulating tires and redirects funding priorities.

   Waste tire rules 10 CSR 80-8.010 (First Stage Permits), 10 CSR 80-
   8.020 (Collection Centers), 10 CSR 80-8.030 (Hauler Permits) and
   10 CSR 80-8.040 (Storage Site Permits) became effective July 8,
   1991. Waste tire grant rule 10 CSR 80-9.030 became effective June
   7,1993.

   The following became effective December 30, 1997:  waste tire rule
   10 CSR 80-8.010 was rescinded; waste tire rules 10  CSR 80-8.020,
   10 CSR 80-8.030, 10 CSR 80-8.040 and 10 CSR 80-9.030 were
   amended; waste tire rules 10 CSR 80-8.050 (Processor Permits),
   10 CSR 80-8.060 (End-User Registration) and 10 CSR 80-9.035
   (Contract Cleanups) are new rules.
•  There is a $0.50 per tire fee
   on retail sales of new tires.
   Sixty-five percent of the funds
   collected are to be used for
   contract cleanups of tire
   dump sites.  Five percent of
   the funds are to be used for
   grants for end users of waste
   tires.  Five percent of the
   funds are to be used for solid
   waste education purposes
   and 25% of the fund is to be
   used to fund administrative
   costs of the waste tire
   program.
   Waste tire haulers who haul for
   consideration are required to be permitted.

   Tire retailers and wholesalers can store
   more than 500 tires but not for over 30
   days and must use permitted haulers.
   Recordkeeping regarding the generation
   and disposition of the tires is required.

   A hauler permit requires an annual $100
   permit fee.

   Collection center may store up to 500
   tires.

   A collection center that hauls its own tires
   in vehicles driven by its own employees is
   not required to obtain a hauler permit.

   A waste tire hauler must  keep records of
   the number of tires collected, the number
   of tires delivered, and basic information
   about the facility that accepts the tires.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
                            Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
        Additional Information
    Sites that store more than 500 tires must obtain a Waste Tire
    Site permit from the Department of Natural Resources. Since
    August 28, 1997, no new Waste Tire Sites are permitted unless
    they are  located at a permitted waste tire processing facility.
    Waste Tire Storage Sites in existence prior to August 28, 1997,
    will not accept any quantity of additional waste tires unless the
    site is part of a processing or end-user facility or unless the site
    can verify that a number at least equal to the number of
    additional tires received was shipped to a processing or end-
    user facility within 30 days after the receipt of the additional
    tires.

    Processing facilities must be permitted by the Missouri
    Department of Natural Resources.

    End-user facilities must be registered by the Missouri
    Department of Natural Resources.

    Recordkeeping and inventory limits are required for both
    processing and end-user facilities.	
                               Whole tires are banned from disposal
                               in landfills.
   Waste tire fee funds are available to
   provide grants to businesses for
   demonstration projects and for capital
   expenditures for using waste tires as a
   fuel or in a product.

   Contracts for nuisance abatement and
   resource recovery activities are
   authorized via statute and managed
   through the State bidding process.

   Some funding is allocated for nonprofit
   organizations that voluntarily clean up
   waste tires in conjunction with
   cleaning up land or water resources
   for the disposal costs of the tires.
           A waste tire rules advisory
           council on waste tires was
           established to assist in the
           development of waste tire rules
           and grant criteria.
                                                                                         XXVII

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MONTANA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Rick N. Thompson
 State of Montana
 Department of Environmental
    Quality
 Community Services Bureau
 Solid Waste Management Program
 1520E. 6th Avenue
 P.O. Box 200901
 Helena, Montana 59620-0901
 Telephone:  406-444-5345
 FAX: 406-444-1374
 E-mail: rithompson@mt.gov	
   Scrap tires are regulated under the Montana Solid Waste
   Management Act and the Montana Motor Vehicle Recycling
   and Disposal Act and the associated administrative rules.
   Both Acts were passed in 1977.
   Not addressed.
   Collection sites must be licensed as a
   solid waste management facility.

   Collected or stored scrap tires must be
   shielded from public view.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Scrap tire collection/storage
    facilities must be permitted and
    licensed as solid waste
    management facilities.

    Collected  or stored scrap tires
    must be shielded from public
    view.

    Scrap tire disposal or resource
    recovery facilities licensed after
    July 1, 1997, must have
    financial assurance for closure.
   Tires are currently accepted at landfills.

   Some landfills are beginning to charge differential fees for
   whole versus split tires.
   A 25% tax credit is available to
   businesses for the purchase of
   recycling and processing equipment.

   Income tax credits are available to
   individuals and corporations procuring
   recycled products.

   State is instructed to purchase recycled
   products whenever possible, but it is
   not a mandate.
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NEBRASKA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Ms. M.J. Rose
 State of Nebraska
 Department of Environmental
    Quality
 Integrated Waste Management
    Section
 P.O. Box 98922
 Lincoln, Nebraska  68509-8922
 Telephone:  402-471-4210
 FAX:  402-471-2909
   LB 163, a waste reduction and recycling bill,
   was passed in April 1990.

   LB 1257, the Integrated Solid Waste
   Management Act, was passed in 1992.

   LB 444, passed in 1993, created the first
   emphasis on scrap tire projects.

   LB 1034 created the Scrap Tire Reduction and
   Recycling Incentive Fund and established
   scrap tire management laws in 1994.

   LB 495 established new guidelines for grant
   funds to better promote cleanup of scrap tire
   piles and market development in 1996.
   Since October 1990, there has been a $1 tire fee on
   the retail sale of new tires. The fee also applies to
   new car sales. A second fee is assessed on the
   retail sales of tangible personal property. Proceeds
   from the two fees are deposited in the Waste
   Reduction and Recycling Incentive Fund for grants
   to political subdivisions for waste management
   projects to further the goals of the legislation.

   In 1994, LB 1034 placed the revenue generated
   from the $1  tire fee into a separate fund available for
   scrap tire projects only.  The tire fee will remain in
   this separate fund  until July 1, 1999, when it will go
   back into the original Waste  Reduction and
   Recycling Incentive Fund. Scrap tire programs will
   continue to  have a priority for funding after the scrap
   tire fund sunsets.

   LB 1257 provided 50% of a $1.25 per ton disposal
   fee collected on waste going to municipal landfills.
   This fee became part of the Waste Reduction and
   Recycling Incentive Grants Program.
   LB 1034 requires scrap tire haulers,
   collectors, processors, and collection site
   owners to be permitted. Additional
   requirements include maintaining financial
   assurance for closure costs and
   submitting annual reports.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Title 136—Scrap Tire
    Management Rules and
    Regulations established a
    maximum of 18 months for
    storage of any one scrap tire
    and no more than 300,000
    scrap tires can be stored at any
    one site.  Collection sites must
    also adhere to siting
    requirements as established by
    Title 153—Nebraska State Fire
    Code Regulations.
   Since September 1, 1995, scrap tires have
   been banned from landfills unless processed
   into pieces 6 inches or smaller.  Since
   September 1, 1998, scrap tires are now
   banned from landfills in any form.
   Grant funding is available for scrap tire cleanup; for
   cost-sharing for processing, manufacturing, or civil
   engineering uses; for partial reimbursement for the
   purchase of tire-derived products; for studies; and
   for capital and startup costs for processing,
   manufacturing, collecting, or transporting tires.
                                                                                        XXIX

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NEVADA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Les Gould
 State of Nevada
 Division of Environmental
    Protection (NDEP)
 Bureau of Waste Management
 333 West Nye Lane
 Carson City, Nevada 89706
 Telephone: 702-687-4670
 FAX: 702-687-6396
   Nevada Revised Statute (NRS 444.583), passed in 1991,
   required NDEP to develop a plan for managing waste tires.
   Accordingly, the plan was developed.

   In 1994, regulations [Nevada Administrative Code (NAC)
   444A.200-444A.470], were promulgated that:

   S Established permit requirements for waste tire
     management facilities; and
   S Established registration/manifesting requirements for
     commercial haulers.

   NRS 444A.090 established a fee of $1/tire sold at retail.
   There is a $1/tire charge on new tires
   sold at retail. Funds are deposited in
   Solid Waste Management Account to
   implement State solid waste and
   recycling programs.
   Hauler regulations include registration and
   manifesting waste tires.

   Semiannual reporting.
Storage and Processor Regulations
• Permits by Waste Tire
Management Facility Permits
program.
• Include operation and closure
regulations.
Disposal Restrictions
• Whole tire disposal allowed subject to approval of Solid
Waste Management Authority.
Financial/Market Incentives
• A 10% price preference is given for
recycled products manufactured in
Nevada.
• A 5% price preference is given to all
other recycled products.
Additional Information

                                                                                      XXX

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NEW HAMPSHIRE
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Sharon Yergean
 New Hampshire Department of
     Environmental Services
 Waste Management Division
 6 Hazen Drive
 Concord, New Hampshire 03301
 Telephone:  603-271-2900
 FAX:  603-271-2456
   Automotive Waste Disposal Law (HB 322-FN-A,
   Chapter 89-263) was passed in 1989.

   Solid Waste District Law (RSA 149-M:13I) requires towns/
   districts to provide sites or access to sites for disposal of
   residents' tires.
   Towns are authorized to collect fees for
   the collection and disposal of town
   motor vehicle wastes including tires,
   batteries, and used oil.

   Towns may request the Office of State
   Planning to increase the town's fees if
   they prove insufficient to fund proper
   management of motor vehicle wastes
   under existing conditions.	
   The transportation of tires, either whole or
   shredded, is required to be accomplished
   in such a manner as to prevent tire pieces
   or whole tires from blowing or falling onto
   the roadways.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Outdoor storage of tires at
    collection sites must be in
    accordance with height, width,
    fire lane, and berm
    specifications.
   Tires must be cut prior to landfilling.

   Tires may be disposed of by one of the following methods:

       Scrap tires may only be disposed of in a permitted
       facility after being shredded, filled, or split to prevent
       creeping; or
       No processing of scrap tires is required at facilities that
       are capable of processing whole tires.	
   Not addressed.
                                                                                        XXXI

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NEW JERSEY
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
                                      Funding Sources/Fees
                         Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Steven Rinaldi
 New Jersey Department of
     Environmental Protection
 Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste
 Bureau of Recycling and Planning
 P.O. Box 414
 Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0414
 Telephone:  609-984-3438
 FAX:  609-777-0769
 Web site:
 http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycle
   The New Jersey Statewide Mandatory Source Separation and Recycling
   Act, passed in 1987, addresses tire management.

   Regulations at NJAC 7:26A address solid waste recycling and contain
   provisions relating to scrap tire recycling.
                                         Not addressed.
                            Transporters hauling solid waste must be
                            registered with the State.

                            Transporters hauling source-separated
                            materials (e.g., tires) for recycling need
                            not register.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Facilities that recycle tires are
     regulated as a recycling center
     through an approval process, rather
     than as a solid waste facility through a
     permitting process.

     Regulations regarding scrap tire
     processors and storage of scrap tires
     were adopted November 18, 1991,  as
     part of general solid waste recycling
     regulations, and were updated on
     December  16, 1996.
   Tires must be taken to
   permitted solid waste facilities,
   approved tire recycling
   centers, or sites operating
   pursuant to an exemption from
   the recycling center approval
   process.
   Tires qualify for municipal
   recycling tonnage grant credits.

   Industries purchasing new
   recycling equipment may be
   eligible for low interest loans.

   Legislation and Executive Order
   require the procurement of
   recycled products.
   The State's Department of Transportation has conducted a number of
   demonstration projects that utilize various mixes of rubber-modified
   asphalt.

   The New Jersey Department of Treasury, in conjunction with the New
   Jersey Department of Transportation and New Jersey Department of
   Environmental Protection, issued a bid proposal for the furnishing of
   light truck/commercial retread tires and service to all State agencies,
   quasi-agencies and political participants in designated counties.  As
   part of the bid, tire casings are to be picked up by the vendor and
   replaced with retreaded tires. Five vendors have been awarded
   contracts to provide this service.

   The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded scrap tire recycling
   demonstration project that New Jersey is overseeing will provide data
   about the costs associated with removing scrap tires from stockpiles
   into various end-market technologies. While this information will be
   specific to remediation through rubberized asphalt, artificial reef
   production and a process similar to pyrolysis, the three technologies
   being studied, it will provide very useful data  that the New Jersey
   Department of Environmental Protection can use to recommend  the
   most cost-effective and environmentally benign processes for which
   public funds can be expended in the remediation of tire piles in New
   Jersey.

   The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection is currently
   exploring scrap tire stockpile remediation strategies. The use of
   inmate labor has been proposed by the New Jersey Department  of
   Corrections as a cost-effective approach to such projects.	
                                                                                         XXXII

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NEW MEXICO
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Jerry Sober
 New Mexico Environment
     Department
 Solid Waste Bureau
 1190 St. Francis Drive
 P.O. Box 26110
 Santa Fe, New Mexico  87502
 Telephone:  505-827-2775
 FAX: 505-827-2902
 E-mail:  jerry_bober@
 nmenv.state.nm.us
    NMSA 1978 74-11-1 through 74-11-17, The Tire Recycling
    Act, passed in 1994.

    20 NMAC 9.2, New Mexico Tire Recycling Regulations,
    effective September 1, 1995.  Provisions:

    -   Established a tire disposal fee on vehicle registrations;
    -   Provide for a Rubberized Asphalt Fund;
    -   Provide for a Tire Recycling Fund;
    -   Exempt dairy farmers from waste tire  storage rules;
    -   Provide for reimbursement for the cost of illegal tire
       dump abatement to Counties, Municipalities and
       Cooperative Associations;  and
    -   Provide for the reimbursement for the costs of
       establishing tire recycling facilities.	
   Funding is provided by an add-on fee to
   each vehicle registration:  55% is
   appropriated to the Tire Recycling
   Fund; 45% is appropriated to the
   Rubberized Asphalt Fund.
   All haulers must register with the
   Environment Department.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Only a permitted or registered
    Solid Waste Facility or a
    permitted Tire Recycling Facility
    is authorized to receive, collect,
    store and process scrap tires.

    A permit and registration is
    required for any person or
    facility that:

        Processes or recycles more
        than 1,000 scrap tires or
        PTEs per year;
        Applies for or receives
        compensation from the Tire
        Recycling Fund;
        Stores  more than 250 scrap
        tires at any one time;
        Uses more than 250 scrap
        tires in  a single civil
        engineering application.
   No person shall dispose of scrap tires in a place other than
   those places permitted or regulated under the Solid Waste
   Act.
   A 5% price preference is provided for
   products containing recycled content
   procured by State agencies.
   Split tires are used to contain landfill cell
   liners at the City of Albuquerque landfill.

   New Mexico's tire recycling program
   centers around the use of tire balers.

   Operational Tire Baling Centers:
       Grant County;
       Otero County;
       McKinley/Cibola Counties;
       Socorro;
       Las Cruces;
   -   Santa Fe;
       Bernalillo County;
       Eddy County.

   There is one permitted Tire Recycling
   Center:
       Southwest Tire Processors

   Rubberized Asphalt  Projects:
       Approximately eight highway projects
       utilizing 135 tons of crumb rubber
       modifier were completed in 1997.
                                                                                        XXXIII

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NEW YORK
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Chris Glander
 New York State
 Department of Environmental
    Conservation (DEC)
 Division of Solid & Hazardous
    Waste
 Bureau of Waste Reduction &
    Recycling
 50 Wolf Road, Room 212
 Albany, New York 12233-7253
 Telephone: 518-457-3966
 FAX:  518-457-1283
 E-mail:  Christian.glander@
    dec, mailnet.state, ny. us
   State Regulations for Solid Waste regulate waste tire
   storage and processing facilities.

   An amendment to Chapter 226 (Section 27-0303) of the
   Environmental Conservation Law, passed in 1990,
   designated commercial waste tires as a regulated waste.
   Commercial waste tires are defined as waste tires that are
   transported for a fee for the purpose of reuse, recycling, or
   disposal.
                                            Transporters of commercial waste tires
                                            must register with the DEC.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Waste tire storage requirements
    depend upon number of waste
    tires stored.

    No person shall engage in
    storing 1,000 or more waste
    tires at a time without a permit.

    Storage permit requirements
    cover waste tire pile size,
    dimensions and fire controls.
   Disposal of whole tires in any landfill is prohibited.
   The Department of Economic
   Development administers low-interest
   loan and grant programs for tire
   recycling.

   The New York State Energy Research
   and Development Authority
   (NYSERDA) invests in projects to
   develop, demonstrate or evaluate
   innovative and energy-efficient
   equipment, technologies, processes
   and other methods for managing all
   types of solid waste.	
                                                                                      XXXIV

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NORTH CAROLINA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Ernest Lawrence
 State of North Carolina
 Department of Environment,
     Health, and Natural Resources
     (DEHNR)
 Solid Waste Section, Division of
     Waste Management
 401 Oberlin Road, Suite  150
 P.O. Box 27687
 Raleigh, North Carolina  27605-
     1350
 Telephone:  919-733-0692, ext. 274
 FAX: 919-733-4810
 E-mail:  lawrenceg@
     wastenot.ehnr.state.nc.us
 Web site:
 http://wastenot.ehnr.state.nc.us
•  SB 111, passed in 1989, requires each county to provide a
   place for disposal of scrap tires.

•  Tires presented for disposal must be accompanied with a
   scrap tire certification form signed by generator and hauler.
   As of January 1, 1990, a 1 % tax on new
   tire sales was levied.  The fee was
   increased to 2% for tires less than 20
   inches in 1993.  Major portion of the
   fund  goes to:

   -  Counties for tire collection and
     disposal;
   -  Cleanup of nuisance sites.

   Counties are not allowed to impose
   tipping fees for tires that are certified as
   generated in North Carolina.
   Scrap tire haulers must register with the
   Solid Waste Section of the DEHNR and
   obtain a hauler identification number.

   Counties must provide a site for tire
   collection.

   Collection sites require permit from Solid
   Waste Section of DEHNR.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    The number of scrap tires
    stored at a scrap tire collection
    site must not exceed the stated
    number of scrap tires shipped
    off-site per month plus the
    stated number of scrap tires
    disposed of on-site per month.
    At no time can more than
    60,000 scrap tires be stored.
   Tires must be shredded or sliced prior to landfilling.
   Funds for reimbursement to improve
   the use of recycled products.
   North Carolina Department of
   Transportation is evaluating the use of
   tires in constructing retaining walls and
   the use of crumb rubber in asphalt.
                                                                                        XXXV

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NORTH DAKOTA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Steve Tillotson
 North Dakota Department of Health
 Division of Waste Management
 P.O. Box 5520
 Bismarck, North Dakota 58506-
    5520
 Telephone: 701-328-5166
 FAX: 701-328-5200
 E-mail:
 ccmail.stillots@ranch. state, nd. us
   Solid Waste Management rules have been adopted and
   went into effect December 1, 1992. The rules address
   scrap tire storage.
   A portion of the State's $2/new vehicle
   sale fee for cleanup of abandoned
   vehicles may be used to clean up tire
   piles.
   Haulers must have a waste hauler permit
   and identify a legitimate recycling or
   disposal facility.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Tire piles of more than 1,300
    tires must be in compliance with
    regulations governing pile
    dimensions, control of access,
    fire control, run-on/run-off
    control systems, and financial
    assurance.

    Tire piles of more than 1,300
    tires must have a solid waste
    management permit.

    Tire piles with a base area
    exceeding 10,000 square feet
    must comply with liner
    requirements.	
   Not addressed.
   Not addressed.
   A new tire-derived fuel company, Waste
   Not Recycling, is processing tires in
   central North Dakota. The TDF is burned
   at a local utility.
                                                                                       XXXVI

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OHIO
  State Contact
                                 Legislation and Regulations
                                                       Funding Sources/Fees
                                Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Bob Large
  Ohio Environmental Protection
     Agency
  Division of Solid and Infectious
     Waste Management
  Scrap Tire Management Unit
  1800 Watermark Drive
  P.O.  Box 1049
  Columbus, Ohio 43216-1049
  Telephone: 614-644-2621
  FAX: 614-728-5315
House Bill 592, the State Solid Waste law, became
effective in June 1988 and defined waste tires as a solid
waste.

Senate Bill 165, the State Scrap Tire law, became
effective in October 1993, substituted the term scrap tire
for waste tire, and established a comprehensive
structure for regulating scrap tire collection, storage,
recovery, monofill, and monocell facilities and scrap tire
transporters.

Regulations to implement Senate Bill 165 were adopted
and became effective  in March 1996.

Regulation was developed to define approval of
beneficial uses of scrap tires - Ohio Administrative Code
(OAC) 3745-27-78.

Regulations were developed governing cleanup actions
after a scrap tire fire -  OAC 3745-27-79.
A $0.50 fee was placed on
each new tire sold at the
wholesale level; the funds from
this fee are designated for
stockpile abatement, grants
and loans to scrap tire facilities,
program administration, and
research at the University of
Akron.
Sellers and other generators are required to utilize registered
transporters for the scrap tires they generate.

Transporters are required to register annually with the OEPA and
post $20,000 in financial assurance.

All scrap tire transportation must be documented on State approved
shipping papers.

Collection facilities are required to obtain a  registration from OEPA
and a license from the approved health department.

Collection facilities are defined as facilities that accept whole scrap
tires from the public and store them only in  portable containers with a
total storage volume limited to 5,000 cubic feet.

Tires will only be delivered to licensed scrap tire facilities (collection,
storage, recovery, monofill, or monocell) or to approved beneficial
use sites.

All scrap tire transporters and facilities must file an annual report on
scrap tires handled, processed, or disposed.	
  Storage and Processor Regulations
                     Disposal Restrictions
                                                                                                                     Financial/Market Incentives
                                                                                                                                                               Additional Information
     Storage and recovery (processors and recyclers)
     facilities are required to obtain a registration or permit
     from OEPA and a license from the approved health
     department.

     Storage and recovery facilities must post financial
     assurance to cover the costs of closure.

     Individual storage piles are limited to 2,500 square feet
     in base area and 14 feet in height.

     Fire lanes at least 50 feet wide are required on all
     sides of outdoor storage piles.

     A registered storage facility is limited to 10,000 square
     feet of scrap tire storage.

     A permitted storage facility is limited to 3 acres of
     effective scrap tire storage and must be owned by
     someone who also  owns or operates a recovery
     monocell, or monofill facility.

     All scrap tire transporters and facilities must file an
     annual  report on scrap tires handled, processed,  or
     disposed.	
                        Since March 1, 1996, whole tires have been banned from
                        solid waste landfills.

                        Since March 1, 1997, cut and shredded tires have been
                        banned from disposal in solid waste landfills.

                        Tire monofills require liners, leachate collection, weekly
                        cover, and final cap.

                        Tire monocell requirements vary based on their location in
                        the host sanitary landfill.

                        Scrap tire monocells and monofills must obtain a permit to
                        install these facilities from OEPA and a license from the
                        approved health department  and post- financial assurance
                        for closure and post-closure care.

                        All scrap tire transporters and facilities must file an annual
                        report on scrap tires handled, processed, or disposed of.
                          Loans and limited grants are available
                          to scrap tire businesses through the
                          Ohio Department of Development
                          77 S. High Street, 28th Floor
                          P.O. Box 1001
                          Columbus, Ohio 43266-0101
                          Telephone: 800-848-1300
                          FAX: 614-644-1789
                          Point of Contact: Mr. Brad
                                 Mosquito control is required of
                                 all scrap tire transporters and
                                 scrap tire facilities.
                                                                                              XXXVII

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OKLAHOMA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Craig Belair or Brad Fleming
 Oklahoma State Department of
     Environmental Quality
 Solid Waste Division
 1000 NE Tenth Street
 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117-
     1212
 Telephone: 405-745-7121 (Belair)
     405-745-7122 (Fleming)
 FAX: 405-745-7133
   Oklahoma Waste Tire Recycling Act (27A Part 4 of the
   Oklahoma Statutes Annotated) was enacted July 1, 1989.
   A $3.50/tire surcharge on new truck
   tires in addition to a $1/tire surcharge
   on new and used tire sales is in effect.
   Monies from the surcharge are
   deposited in the Waste Tire Indemnity
   Fund to help eliminate stockpiles of
   tires and to promote recycling by
   reimbursing facilities that process scrap
   tires.
   Tire haulers and transporters are not
   regulated.

   Collectors of more than 50 tires must be
   permitted by the State Department of
   Environmental Quality.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    A site storing, collecting, or
    disposing of more than 50 tires
    must be permitted by the State
    Department of Environmental
    Quality. This does not apply to
    tire manufacturers, retailers,
    wholesalers, or retreaders who
    store 2,500 or fewer used tires.

    Processors must be permitted
    by the Oklahoma State
    Department of Environmental
    Quality and must document that
    at least 10% of the tires
    processed came from illegal tire
    dumps identified by the
    Oklahoma State Department of
    Environmental Quality to
    participate in the State's
    reimbursement programs.	
   Tires must be cut before being disposed of in a landfill.
   Oklahoma State Department of
   Environmental Quality permitted waste
   tire processing facilities are eligible for
   reimbursement at a rate of $0.50/tire, if
   they demonstrate that 10% of the tires
   processed at their facility are from
   designated illegal tire dumps.

   Oklahoma State Department of
   Environmental Quality permitted waste
   tire processing facilities are eligible for
   an additional $0.35/tire reimbursement
   if they demonstrate that their facility is
   providing pickup and transportation of
   waste tires from each and every county
   of the State on a regular basis.
   Riverbank stabilization projects are
   eligible for $1.50 per truck tire when:

      The tire measures greater than 17.5"
      rim diameter;
   -  Tires come from dump sites on the
      priority enforcement list; and
      Tires are placed in a riverbank
      stabilization project permitted  by the
      U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or local
      conservation district.
                                                                                       XXXVIII

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OREGON
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
            Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Bob Guerra
  Oregon Department of
     Environmental Quality
  Hazardous and Solid Waste
     Division
  201 W. Main, Suite 2D
  Medford, Oregon 97501
  Telephone: 541-776-6010, ext: 236
  FAX: 541-776-6262
  E-mail: bobguerra@state.or.us
   HB 2022 Waste Tire Law, passed in 1987 and enacted in
   January 1988, set up a self-funded comprehensive program
   for waste tires. The Law regulates the transportation,
   storage, and landfilling of waste tires.

   SB 66, passed in 1991, effective July 1, 1991, banned
   disposal of tires at landfills.

   HB 2246, passed 1991:

   -   Extended tire fee to October 1, 1992;
      Extended reimbursement for use of scrap tires to June
      30,1993;
      Gives DEQ authority  to regulate tire product piles;
      Expedited abatements; and
      Restricted carrier permit requirement to those who haul
      for hire.
               A $1/tire disposal tax on the sale of new
               tires.  The monies were used to clean
               up tire piles. Tire fee ended October 1,
               1992.
   Anyone transporting more than 4 tires
   commercially must be licensed with DEQ.

   Tire dealers with more than 1,500 scrap
   tires on-site must have storage permit.

   Generators are allowed to haul scrap tires
   generated at their facility without a permit
   but they must maintain documentation of
   their disposal.

   All common carriers transporting waste
   tires over Oregon roads are required to
   obtain a Waste Tire Carrier Permit.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    A facility that stores more than
    99 tires on-site must have a
    storage site permit,  unless it
    has been granted a  beneficial
    use permit by DEQ.

    Retreading facilities that have
    more than 3,000 tires on-site
    must have a storage permit.
   Since July 1, 1991, whole tires have been
   banned from landfills.
   The tire disposal tax is used to promote the use of
   waste tires by subsidizing markets for waste tires or
   chips.
   Under a former Oregon demonstration
   program:

   - Two rubber modified paving projects
     were approved and completed in 1990;
   - A project was conducted by the Oregon
     State Highway Division using tire chips
     as a light fill;
   - Demonstration projects were conducted
     by the Department of Environmental
     Quality and the Metropolitan Service
     District to test rubber from waste tires in
     paving projects using generic
     specifications for rubber-modified
     asphalt concrete suitable to Oregon's
     climate and paving practices;
   - Tire-derived fuel was used in two paper
     mills and one cement kiln; and
   - Oregon-produced tire-derived fuel was
     used in three out-of-state cement kilns.
                                                                                        XXXIX

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PENNSYLVANIA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Tom Woy
 Pennsylvania Department of
     Environmental Protection
 Bureau of Land Recycling and
     Waste Management
 P.O. Box 8472
 400 Market St.
 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-
     8472
 Telephone: 717-787-7381
 FAX: 717-787-1904
 Web site: www.dep.state.pa.us
   Existing tire regulations were adopted under the Solid
   Waste Management Act of 1980.  Residual waste regulation
   became effective in 1992.

   A regulatory change in 1992 redesignated tires as a residual
   waste rather than a municipal solid waste.
   A $1/tire fee on new tire sales was
   established in 1992, under the
   Recycling and Planning Act of 1988.
   These monies have been redirected to
   fund mass transit systems in the State.
   No specific regulations.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    Waste tire processing facilities
    are permitted under a general
    permit.

    Current requirements include
    access control, hazard
    prevention, nuisance control,
    recordkeeping, reporting, and
    site closure. Isolation distances
    are required between piles.

    Limits set on pile size, height,
    and width.

    Storage of scrap tires for over 1
    year is considered disposal and
    is subject to permit
    requirements,  including pile
    size, fire lanes, and  placement.
   Disposal of whole waste tires in the State of Pennsylvania is
   prohibited.
   A 5% price preference for State
   purchase of supplies that meet recycled
   content requirements.

   A $1 million Environmental Technology
   Fund offers low interest loans for
   recycling research and development
   projects and for funding new recycling
   equipment.
   Pennsylvania Department of
   Transportation laid two rubber-modified
   asphalt paving projects in 1998.

   The State has a policy that suggests the
   use of whole tires over a landfill cover
   system to mitigate the problem of tires
   floating in landfills.
                                                                                         xl

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RHODE ISLAND
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler
Regulations
 Stephen Morin
 Department of Environmental
     Management
 235 Promenade Street
 Providence, Rhode Island 02908
 Telephone: 401-277-2771, ext.
   2401
 FAX:  401-277-3162

 Dante lonata
 Resource Recovery Corp.
 65 Shun Pike
 Johnson, Rhode Island 02919
 Telephone: 401-942-1430
 FAX:  401-946-5174
   RIGL 37-15.1, "Hard-to-Dispose Material - Control and
   Recycling," applies to scrap tires.

   Solid waste management facility regulations apply to tire
   dumps and regulate size of piles, fire control measures, etc.

   RIGL 23-63, "Vehicle Tire Storage and Recycling," enacted
   in 1992, established a $5 deposit on each new vehicle tire
   purchased and provided for a full refund to the consumer
   upon return of used tires.  This deposit system became
   effective January 1, 1993.
   January 1, 1990, a $0.50/tire tax on new tire sales
   was imposed.  Revenues are deposited in a "Hard-to-
   Dispose Material Account" along with monies from
   surcharges on other "hard-to-dispose" wastes
   included in the bill. The State generates $3
   million/year from the fees to fund educational and
   technical assistance programs for collection,
   marketing, recycling, reuse, reduction, and safe
   disposal of "hard-to-dispose materials"; to establish
   grant and research programs; to survey, track,  and
   monitor hard-to-dispose materials; and to establish
   regional collection centers for hard-to-dispose
   materials.

   Tire recyclers are assessed an initial license fee of
   $50 and an annual renewal fee of $25.

   Since January 1, 1993, the Rhode Island Port
   Authority is required to have a tire site remediation
   account funded by an additional $0.75/tire tax on new
   tire sales.

   Ninety percent of the funds in the tire remediation
   account will be used for the cleanup, recycling, and
   disposal of existing tire piles; 10% may be used to
   assist municipalities with collection and proper
   disposal of waste tires.	
   No specific regulations.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Facilities storing more than 400
     tires must obtain a license from
     the Department of
     Environmental Management.

     Tire recycling or recovery
     businesses must be licensed by
     the Department of
     Environmental Management.
   Disposal of scrap tires is restricted to one of three methods:

      Facilities operated by the State Solid Waste
      Management Corporation;
      Licensed privately operated tire storage, recycling, or
      recovery facilities; or
      Transport to an out-of-state recycling facility.

   Burning of scrap tires within the State is banned.

   Exporting tires for burning as fuel outside the State and
   within 30 miles of any reservoir watershed for Rhode Island
   can occur only after the DEM receives written assurance
   that the burning facility meets all applicable State and
   Federal pollution control standards.	
   The Hard-to-Dispose Material Account funds
   educational and technical assistance programs for
   collection, marketing, recycling, reuse, reduction, and
   safe disposal of hard-to-dispose materials, including
   scrap tires.
                                                                                          xli

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SOUTH CAROLINA
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Celeste Duckett
  South Carolina Bureau of Land and
    Waste Management
  Division of Solid Waste Planning
    and Recycling
  2600 Bull St.
  Columbia, South Carolina  29201
  Telephone: 803-896-4226
  FAX: 803-896-4001
  E-mail:
  ducketcw@columb34. dhec.state.se. us
   South Carolina's Solid Waste Policy and
   Management Act of 1991 (SB 388 and HB 3096)
   contains provisions for a $2/tire tax on the sale
   of new tires that became effective in November
   1991.

   The Act establishes a 10-member Waste Tire
   Committee.

   The Act requires State and county solid waste
   plans to include a section on waste tires.

   Department of Health and Environmental Control
   (DHEC) is required to establish regulations for
   permitting/registering collectors, processors,
   haulers, and disposers of waste tires.  These
   regulations were promulgated in 1993.
   For every new tire sold in the State a fee of $2
   is collected by the tire retailer. The retailer may
   keep 3% for administrative costs. In addition,
   the retailer may keep $1 for every old tire that
   he or she sends to a permitted waste tire
   recycling/disposal facility.  The remainder is
   sent by the retailer to the State Treasurer's
   Office.

   Forty-four cents of the $2 goes into the
   SCDHEC Waste Tire Fund (part of the Solid
   Waste Trust Fund) for grants to local
   governments. The Waste Tire Fund may be
   used for grants to local governments for the
   remediation of stockpiled waste tires, to
   construct or operate a tire-derived-fuel facility,
   to construct or operate a waste tire treatment
   facility, to contract for waste tire treatment
   services, to contract for the removal of waste
   tires or to perform research designed to
   facilitate waste tire recycling or disposal.

   The remainder (up to $1.50/tire)  is allocated to
   the counties directly by the Department of
   Revenue on a per capita basis.  This money  is
   allocated on a quarterly basis and is to be used
   by the counties for waste tire management
   purposes only.

   Prohibits counties from charging additional
   disposal fees  except for oversize and out-of-
   state tires.
   Counties are required to establish waste
   tire collection sites within 12 months of
   promulgation of regulations.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
 Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     The Department of Health and
     Environmental Control currently has
     mandatory guidelines for scrap tire
     storage.

     Requires owners and operators of
     waste tire sites to notify the South
     Carolina Department of Health and
     Environmental Control of the site's
     location, size, and  number of tires
     accumulated.
    Bans whole waste tires from disposal at
    landfills.
   New tire retailers may keep 3% of the $2 State
   fee for administrative costs and $1  for every old
   tire they send to a permitted waste tire
   recycling/disposal facility.
                                                                                          xlii

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SOUTH DAKOTA
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Vonni Kallemeyn
 South Dakota Department of
     Environment and Natural
     Resources (DENR)
 Waste Management Program
 Foss Building
 523 East Capital
 Pierre, South Dakota 57501-3181
 Telephone: 605-773-3153
 FAX: 605-773-6035
   Waste tire law was passed and became effective July 1,
   1992.

   Amendments became effective on July 1, 1996.

   DENR prepared a waste tire study for the Legislature by
   January 1, 1993.
   Registration fee of $0.25/tire per vehicle
   (not to exceed $1/vehicle).  Fees are
   remitted to the State to develop a grant
   fund for tire recycling end uses. The
   incineration of tires in waste-to-energy
   units does not qualify for grant funds.
   No specific regulations.

   Effective July 1, 1998,  haulers of waste
   tires are responsible for transporting
   waste tires to a DENR-approved collection
   or processing site.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Storage facilities must have a
     solid waste permit.

     Tire handlers permitted by
     DENR to process tires may
     accumulate up to 100,000 tires
     annually before removal.
     Accumulated tires must be
     removed annually.

     Financial assurance is required
     at $2 per tire.
   Tires must be cut into at least four pieces or shredded prior
   to landfilling.

   Open burning of tires is prohibited.
   State grant fund for tire recycling end
   uses, including funding of tire-derived
   fuel programs. The incineration of tires
   in waste-to-energy units does not
   qualify for grant funds.
   Waste Management Program and South
   Dakota DOT are working to develop civil
   engineering applications for shredded
   tires.
                                                                                        xliii

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TENNESSEE
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Alan Ball
 Tennessee Department of
     Environment and Conservation
 Division of Solid Waste Assistance
 401 Church Street, L&C Tower
 14th Floor
 Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0455
 Telephone: 615-532-0090
 Fax: 615-532-0231
 Web site:
 www.state.tn.us/environment/swa
   State Solid Waste Management Planning Act [Tennessee
   Code Annotated (TCA) 68-211-801] was passed in 1991.  It
   requires the Department of Environment and Conservation
   (DEC) to purchase mobile shredders and operate them
   throughout the State to process segregated and temporarily
   stored tires at landfills, or for the DEC to contract with a
   shredding service.

   TCA 68-211 -831 was amended in 1996 to allow the State to
   spend money to clean up unpermitted waste tire dumps.

   TCA amended (by SB 1729/HB 1885) in 1998 to:

      Identify beneficial end uses for waste tires to be eligible
      for grant reimbursement;
   -   Authorize the DEC to enter into contracts with
      companies that recycle tires;
      By 2000, limit tipping  fees or waste tires in counties that
      receive DEC grants;
   -   Ban landfilling of tire shreds by 2002.
   Since July 1, 1998, fees on waste
   disposal in Class I landfills and
   incinerators are $0.75/ton.  Fees on
   new tire sales ($1/tire) became effective
   October 1991.  State of Tennessee
   collects all fees.

   Prohibits counties from imposing
   additional disposal fees or surcharges
   on tires above the tipping fee for regular
   garbage.
   By January 1995, each county must
   establish at least one waste tire collection
   site.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Rule 1200-1-7-.04 governs
     storage and disposal.

     Facility must have a permit.
   Since January 1,  1995, whole tires have been banned from
   disposal in landfills.

   Effective the year 2002 tire shreds will be banned from
   landfills.
   State grant program for county
   governments to find beneficial end uses
   for their tires in lieu of State provided
   shredding service.

   Grant reimbursement for beneficial end
   uses of waste tires.
   Under the provisions of the law, the DEC
   has contracted with a private shredding
   service to process tires at county
   collection sites.

   Four industries are burning tires or tire-
   derived fuel.

      Signal Mountain Cement Company;
      Bowater Inc. (pulp mill);
      The Tennessee Valley Authority's
      Allen Fossil Plant; and
      South Down,  Inc.  (cement kiln).
                                                                                        xliv

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TEXAS
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  DebbraBohl(MC-125)
  Closed Landfills and Automotive
     Wastes
  Texas Natural Resource
     Conservation Commission
  P.O. Box 13087
  Austin, Texas 78711 -3087
  Telephone: 512-239-6695
  FAX: 512-239-6015
  Prerecorded  Information Line:
  1-888-892-7833
  Web site:  www.tnrcc.state.tx.us
   No new legislation passed in 1997.  Majority of waste tire
   recycling  statutes expired December 31, 1997.

   Health and Safety Code, Article 5, Subchapter P - Waste
   Tire Recycling Program expired December 31, 1997.

   Health and Safety Code, Article 5, Subchapter C, Section
   361.112 - Storage, Transportation, Disposal of Used or
   Scrap Tires remains in effect.

   $2 waste  tire recycling fee was repealed, effective
   December 31, 1997.

   $0.80 per waste tire unit reimbursement to processors and
   waste tire energy recovery facilities was repealed, effective
   December 31, 1997.
   $9 million available for the remediation
   of illegal waste tire dumps. Funding
   administered through competitive bid
   process.
   Tire generators, transporters, storage and
   processing facilities must be registered by
   the State.

   Waste tire generators may be charged for
   collection, recycling, and/or disposal
   costs.

   Annual reports must be submitted to the
   State.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     If over 500 scrap tires are
     stored on public or private
     property, the site must be
     registered with the State and
     have a site identification
     number.

     Processors must be registered
     with the State of Texas.

     Illegal tire dumps identified by
     the State prior to December 31,
     1997 will be eligible for State-
     funded cleanup.
   Previous disposal prohibition on tires expired December 31,
   1997.

   All tires that are disposed of must be split, quartered, or
   shredded.
   No State-funded incentives. Free
   market for collection, processing, and
   disposal of scrap tires.
   Currently revising rules to reflect
   expiration of tire statutes.
                                                                                          xlv

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UTAH
 State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Wade Hansen
 Utah  State Department of
     Environmental Quality
 288 North 1460 West
 Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-4880
 Telephone: 801-538-6751
 FAX:  801-538-6715
   SB 5, passed in May 1990, established a per-tire graduated
   tax.

   Local health departments have authority over the
   management of waste tires.
   Since July 1, 1997, there is a $0.50 per
   tire tax on all tire sales including new
   car sales.  Monies will be deposited in a
   recycling fund.
   All haulers and collectors must keep
   records illustrating how many tires are
   picked up, how many tires are disposed of
   and where.

   All haulers and collectors must be
   registered.
 Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    All storage and processing
    facilities have to be licensed
    through the Health Department.
    Facilities storing more than
    1,000 tires are required to
    furnish bonds, comply with local
    zoning and tire ordinances, and
    are strictly limited as to how
    many tires can be stored at any
    one time.  The Health
    Department enforces a manifest
    system to regulate tire
    collection.
   Not addressed.
   Recyclers (end users) can receive up to
   $70 per ton for the use of tire-derived
   materials in manufactured products and
   in TDF.  The end user incentive is
   administered through local health
   departments.
                                                                                         xlvi

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VERMONT
  State Contact
          Legislation and Regulations
                            Funding Sources/Fees
                                  Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Waste
  James Surwilo
  State of Vermont
  Department of Environmental Conservation
  Solid Waste Management Program
  103 South Main Street, West Building
  Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0407
  Telepone: 802-241-3481
  FAX: 802-241-3296

  Recycling
  Carol Grodinsky
  State of Vermont
  Department of Environmental Conservation
  Environmental Assistance Division
  Laundry Building
  Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0411
  Telephone: 802-241-3477
  FAX: 802-241-3273
             Although there is no legislation specific to tires,
             scrap tire management is addressed as part of
             other environmental legislation.
                               The State legislature is currently
                               investigating recommendations of the
                               State Solid Waste Management
                               Program, published in 1989, to develop
                               and propose a disposal/deposit charge
                               on tires at a rate high enough to
                               encourage the return of tires to dealers
                               and to fund scrap tire management
                               programs.
                                     Scrap tires are considered a solid waste.
                                     As such, commercial scrap tire haulers
                                     need a waste hauling permit.
  Storage and Processor
  Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Storage facilities and
     processors need a permit.
   Since January 1, 1992, all tires
   have been banned from
   disposal in landfills.

   Landfills will be allowed to
   continue accepting tires if the
   facility functions as a tire
   recycling facility or a transfer
   station.
   A 5% price preference is
   authorized for products
   containing recycled materials.

   A higher price preference is
   allowed if State entities that will
   use the product agree on the
   higher price.

   Market development grants are
   provided to the private sector for
   the development of new products
   that may stimulate in-State
   demand for recyclable materials.

   Grants are available to publicly
   owned  entities for the capital
   costs of tire recycling equipment
   and programs.
   The Agency of Transportation has used tire chips in several projects for slope
   stabilization and has done some experimental work using asphalt rubber surface
   treatment.  Tires have also been allowed to be used for riverbank and slope
   stabilization work in several areas, but only above low water level elevations and
   where environmental concerns are minimal.

   A study was commissioned entitled "A Report on the Use of Shredded Scrap
   Tires in On-Site Sewage Disposal Systems."  Effective in 1992, the State
   approved the  use of tire chips in place of crushed stone in septic systems that
   have a preapproved design that includes a monitoring system.

   The State approves the use of whole tires for retaining walls on a case-by-case
   basis.

   Tire chips were used successfully as lightweight backfill for a timber binwall.
   The binwall was about 400 feet in length and about 10 feet high.  Approximately
   7,200 cubic yards of tire chips (300,000 tires' worth) were used as backfill.

   Tire chips are generally approved for applications that make use  of their unique
   properties (i.e., light weight, cushioning, transmissivity).

   In 1998, the State Department of Environmental Conservation built a leach field
   using tire chips in place of stone and will monitor the effluent for 3 years.
                                                                                         xlvii

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VIRGINIA
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
 Allan Lassiter
 Waste Tire Program Manager
 Virginia Department of
     Environmental Quality (DEQ)
 P.O. Box 10009
 Richmond, Virginia 23240
 Telephone: 804-698-4215
 FAX: 804-698-4224
•  1989—the Waste Tire Act was passed which directed the
   DEQ to develop and implement a plan to manage waste
   tires and set a $0.50 tax on the retail sale of tires, the
   proceeds of which are dedicated to the Waste Tire Trust
   Fund.

•  1993—General Assembly enacted End User
   Reimbursement Program, using Oregon's program as a
   model.

•  1994—Current Waste Tire Plan enacted.

•  1995—General Assembly enacted Strict  Liability for tire fire
   damage on the property owner.

•  1996—General Assembly established as a Class 6 felony
   the storing of more than 500 tires without a DEQ permit.

•  1997—General Assembly determined that storing 100 to
   499 tires without a DEQ permit would be  a misdemeanor.
   The $0.50 per tire tax on new tire sales
   that was to sunset on December 31,
   1994, has been extended with no
   expiration date.
   Voluntary registration system for haulers
   (75 registered as of 1998).

   Voluntary use of Waste Tire Certification
   for tracking tires.

   Certified waste tire collection sites
   operated by localities or solid waste
   districts (48 certified  as of 1998).
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Tire piles at recycling sites may
     not exceed 1,000 tires without a
     permit.

     Storage of more than 100 tires
     requires a permit for storage
     longer than 90 days.

     Most processors need an MRF
     facility permit under Virginia's
     Solid Waste Management
     Regulations.
•  Since 1988 whole tires have been banned from landfills.

•  Tires that are sliced into two pieces or shredded may be
   landfilled.
   User Reimbursement Program
   achieved beneficial use for 5,830,300
   tires in 1995 and 7,606,200 tires in
   1996 with end user payments of
   $1,705,575 in 1995 and $2,210,196 in
   1996.
   The Advisory Committee and DEQ
   developed a four-year, $14.7 million,
   management program consisting of
   regional tire collection and processing
   programs, the end user reimbursement
   system and six demonstration waste tire
   pile cleanups.

   In 1993 a Statewide tire pile survey
   documented 731 tire piles containing an
   estimated  17,600,000 tires at an
   estimated  cleanup cost of $32 million.

   Stockpile cleanups continue at a steady
   pace. In 1997, 37 piles containing
   4,665,400 tires were cleaned up under
   End User Reimbursements (only); and six
   cleanup demonstrations cleaned up
   2,866,500 tires for a combined total of 43
   sites and 7,531,900 passenger tire
   equivalents (PTE's).
                                                                                       xlviii

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WASHINGTON
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Randy Martin
  Washington Department of Ecology
     (DOE)
  Solid Waste and Financial
     Assistance
  Mail Stop 47600
  P.O. Box 47600
  Olympia, Washington 98504-7600
  Telephone: 360-407-6136
  FAX: 360-407-6102
   Washington Administrative Code 173-304-420 addresses
   storage of scrap tires.
   The tire fee on the retail sale of new
   tires sunsetted October 1994.
   Haulers must pay a $250/year license fee
   and must document delivery of scrap tires
   under provisions of the current scrap tire
   law.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
    A permit from the local
    jurisdiction is necessary for tire
    piles of more than 800 tires.

    Storage yard owners must
    develop site plans with local fire
    departments for fire control.

    Storage yard owners must
    comply with size and enclosure
    requirements.

    Site owners must document
    delivery of scrap tires.
   The State's combustor rules limit the number of tons of
   solid waste that can be burned in incinerators or industrial
   boilers that are not solid waste combustion facilities to 12
   tons/day. These rules apply to tire fuels and equal 50
   tires/hour.
                                                                                        xlix

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WEST VIRGINIA
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Paul Benedun
  West Virginia Division of
     Environmental Protection
  Office of Waste Management
  1356Hansford Street
  Charleston, West Virginia 25301
  Telephone: 304-558-6350
  FAX: 304-558-1574
   October 1991 Special Section.  SB 18 - Chapter 20, Article
   11, Section 8, effective June 1,  1993, bans the disposal of
   waste tires in landfills.
   Not addressed.
   Regulated by West Virginia Public Service
   Commission.

   Haulers must obtain a certificate from the
   West Virginia Public Service Commission.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     No more than 500 waste tires
     can be stored unless a facility or
     tire dealer is permitted.

     Stationary processing facilities
     must be permitted. Mobile
     shredders are not required to
     have a permit.

     Storage at processing facilities
     is limited to  one pile (or as
     approved by the permit) of
     whole tires,  and no more than 9
     piles of shredded tires, each pile
     measuring no more than 200
     feet by 50 feet by 15 feet.
   Since June 1, 1996, the disposal of waste tires in landfills
   has been banned.  Incineration of solid waste, including
   tires, has been prohibited since May 1, 1993, except for
   "pilot" projects.

   Alternative reuse plans for non-cut or whole tires may be
   submitted for consideration for approval.
   Not addressed.
   Shredded tires may be used as landfill
   daily cover or in the landfill liner as a
   leachate drainage.

   Waste tires or tire-derived material may
   be beneficially reused as approved or may
   be used as an alternative or supplemental
   fuel with appropriate Air Quality permits.

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WISCONSIN
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Paul Koziar
  Wisconsin Department of Natural
     Resources
  Bureau of Waste Management
  P.O. Box 7921
  101 South Webster Street
  Madison, Wisconsin 53703
  Telephone: 608-267-9388
  FAX: 608-267-2768
   AB 481, passed in 1987, established a tire fee.

   Act 355, passed in 1990, banned scrap tires from landfills
   as of January 1, 1995.
   There was a $2/tire fee on new vehicle
   titles.  The fee generated approximately
   $3 million annually. Funds were
   deposited in the Waste Tire Removal
   and Recovery Program.

   Fee/funding for the program sunsetted
   June 30, 1996.
   All waste collectors, transporters, storage
   and processing facilities must be licensed.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     All waste collectors,
     transporters, storage and
     processing facilities must be
     licensed.

     Proof of financial responsibility
     for stored tires.
   Since January 1,  1995, tires have been banned from being
   disposed of in landfills.
   The Waste Tire Reimbursement Grant
   Program is designed to provide
   financial assistance regarding the cost
   of developing or operating certain types
   of waste tire  reuse, and provides
   eligible companies with a $20/ton (or
   $0.01/Ib) reimbursement for use of
   waste tire material for energy recovery,
   construction  or in the manufacture of
   products. Annually, $750,000 is set
   aside for this purpose.

   Beginning  in 1994 processors of waste
   tires were eligible for a similar
   reimbursement as end users.
   Additionally,  if waste tires were used to
   make a product, the reimbursement
   was increased to $0.02/lb.
   The State's Waste Tire Management or
   Recovery Grant Program is intended to
   research new uses and expand existing
   uses of scrap tires. It has funded the
   following projects:

   -  Air emission testing to evaluate air
      emissions resulting from the
      combustion of waste tires with coal
      and wood waste;
   -  Testing fly ash and bottom ash
      resulting from combustion of waste
      tires and wood;
      Environmental assessment of air
      emissions for the proposed waste tire
      medical waste incinerator;
      Testing combustion technology;
      Investigating  fuel feed system designs
      to accommodate combustion of waste
      tire material in fluidized bed boiler
      Testing the development of various
      rubber products, such as bed liners for
      pick-up trucks;
   -  Testing leaching characteristics of
      shredded waste tires;
      Constructing  roads using rubberized
      asphalt.

   The State's waste tire cleanup program is
   intended to clean up nuisance waste tire
   stockpiles:

      $2 million set aside annually to clean
      up 2 million tires per year; and
      Cost recovery from responsible
      parties.

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WYOMING
  State Contact
Legislation and Regulations
Funding Sources/Fees
Collector, Seller, and Hauler Regulations
  Timothy Link
  Wyoming Department of
     Environmental Quality
  Solid and Hazardous Waste
     Division
  122 West 25th Street
  Herschler Building, 4-West
  Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002
  Telephone: 307-777-7164
  FAX: 307-777-5973
   HB 213, passed in 1989, amended the Solid Waste
   Management Act for solid waste storage and treatment
   facilities.  It established bonding and location requirements
   and a permitting system for solid waste facilities, and limits
   the accumulation of waste, including tires, prior to disposal.
   Not addressed.
   Levels are set for the number of tires that
   can be stored at retail stores, collection
   centers, and landfills without obtaining a
   permit.
  Storage and Processor Regulations
Disposal Restrictions
Financial/Market Incentives
Additional Information
     Levels are set for the number of
     tires that can be stored at retail
     stores, collection centers, and
     landfills without obtaining a
     permit.

     Landfills must have a permit to
     store more than 5,000 whole
     tires.

     Regulations establish bonding
     and location requirements  and a
     permitting system for solid
     waste facilities.  (Tires are
     defined as a solid waste.)
   Not addressed.
   Not addressed.

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