United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste
and Emergency Response
(5306W)
EPA530-B-99-006
July 1999
www.epa.gov/tribalmsw
Publications on Mining
Waste Management in
Indian Country
Mining waste from the exploration and removal of miner-
als presents challenges for many tribes. Mineral extrac-
tion and benificiation can create environmental problems
including acid mine drainage, erosion and sedimenta-
tion, chemical releases, fugitive dust emission, habitat destruction, sur-
face- and ground-water contamination, and subsidence.
This document includes descriptions of U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) publications designed to assist tribal leaders,
environmental personnel, and the general public with mining and
mineral processing issues. It includes publications relating to mining
waste management and engineering practices. These publications dis-
cuss environmental impacts from mining operations, mining source
reduction and recycling opportunities, and innovative techniques for
waste management. They also address mineral processing of specific
ores, such as lead, zinc, gold, iron, and copper, and focus specifically
on EPA's mining research and waste management activities.
Documents are grouped according to topic area (e.g., General Mining
Publications and Environmental Impacts and Risk). Many are available
on the Internet, and Internet addresses have been included. The
National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) stocks
a limited number of these publications and makes them available
through their online ordering system at .
Once a document is out of stock at NSCEP, you will be referred to the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Publications not avail-
able electronically or from NSCEP are available
for a fee from NTIS. See the Ordering Y\/Ss r^^
J J J MANAGEMENT
Information section on page 12 for more details.
IN INDIAN COUNTRY
:<9 Printed on paper that contains at least 30 percent postconsumer fiber.
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^^^^^^B ^^^^^^^^
Table of Contents
I. GENERAL MINING PUBLICATIONS
Introduction to Hard Rock Mining: A CD-
ROM Application (CD-ROM) 1
Profile of The Non-Fuel, Non-Metal Mining
Industry: Sector Notebook Project 1
Profile of The Metal Mining Industry: Sector
Notebook Project 1
Profile of the Coal Mining Industry: Sector
Notebook Project, available soon 1
Historic Hardrock Mining: West's Toxic
Legacy, the Critical Link Between Water
Quality and Abandoned Mine Sites 1
V. ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Application of Geophysics to Acid Mine
Drainage Investigations, Volume 1:
Literature Review and Theoretical
Background 4
Application of Geophysics to Acid Mine
Drainage Investigations, Volume 2: Site
Investigations 5
Technical Document: Acid Mine Drainage
Prediction 5
Handbook for Constructed Wetlands
Receiving Acid Mine Drainage 5
Summary of Comments on Mining Waste
Report to Congress
Report to Congress: Wastes from the
Extraction and Beneficiation of Metallic
Ores, Phosphate Rock, Asbestos,
Overburden from Uranium Mining, and Oil
Shale 8
XI. REGULATORY
RECOMMENDATIONS
U.S. EPA Mine Waste Policy Dialogue
Committee Meeting Summaries and
Supporting Material 8
This Is Mining...
.1
II. EXTRACTION AND BENEFICIA-
TION OF SPECIFIC ORES AND
MINERALS
Technical Resource Document: Extraction
and Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals;
Volume 1: Lead-Zinc 1
Technical Resource Document: Extraction and
Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals;
Volume 2: Gold 2
Technical Resource Document: Extraction and
Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals;
Volume 3: Iron 2
Technical Resource Document: Extraction and
Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals;
Volume 4: Copper 2
Technical Resource Document: Extraction and
Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals;
Volume 5: Uranium 2
Technical Resource Document: Extraction
and Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals;
Volume 6: Gold Placers 3
Technical Resource Document: Extraction
and Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals;
Volume 7: Phosphate and Molybdenum. . .3
III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AND RISK
Seminar Publication: Managing
Environmental Problems at Inactive and
Abandoned Metals Mine Sites 3
Innovative Methods of Managing
Environmental Releases at Mine Sites 3
Technical Document: Background for NEPA
Reviewers: Non-Coal Mining Operations. . .3
Location of Mines and Factors Affecting
Exposure 4
IV. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
AND TESTING
ASTM-D-6234-98 Standard Test Method for
Shake Extraction of Mining Waste by the
Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure. .4
Long-Term Dissolution Testing of Mine
Waste 4
Long-Term Dissolution Testing of Mine
Waste: Appendices 4
Statistical Analysis of Mining Waste Data. .4
Technical Studies Supporting the Mining
Waste Regulatory Determination 4
VI. MINE PIT WATER
Water Quality in Open Pit Precious Metal
Mines 5
Geochemical Modeling of Mine Pit Water:
Overview and Application of Computer
Codes 5
VII. TAILINGS DAMS
Guide to Tailings, Dams and Impoundments,
Design, Construction, Use and
Rehabilitation 6
Technical Report: Design and Evaluation of
Tailings Dams 6
VIM. CYANIDE WASTE ISSUES
Technical Report: Treatment of Cyanide
Heap Leaches and Tailings 6
Development of a Solid Analytical
Procedure for Cyanide in Spent Ore 6
Quantities of Cyanide-Bearing and Acid-
Generating Wastes Generated by the
Mining and Beneficiating Industries, and
Potentials for Contaminant Release ... .6
IX. CERCLA/SUPERFUND ISSUES
Mining and Mineral Processing Sites Listed
on the Superfund's National Priorities List
(NPL) 6
Mining Sites in the National Priorities List;
NPL Site Summary Reports (Complete Set). .7
Superfund Guide to RCRA Management
Requirements for Mineral Processing
Wastes 7
Consideration of RCRA Requirements in
Performing CERCLA Responses at Mining
Waste Sites 7
X. REPORTS TO CONGRESS ON
MINING WASTES
Summary and Technical Review of
Supporting Literature for the 1985 Report
to Congress on Wastes from Extraction and
Beneficiation of Metallic Ores, Phosphate
Rock, Asbestos Overburden from Uranium
Mining, and Oil Shale 7
Report to Congress on Special Wastes from
Mineral Processing: Summary and
Findings 7
Report to Congress on Special Wastes from
Mineral Processing: Summary and
Findings; Methods and Analysis;
Appendices 7
Projected Regulatory, Programmatic, and
Fiscal Impacts of EPA's Strawman II on State
Mine Waste Management Programs
(Complete Set, Volumes l-lll)
Strawman II: Recommendations for a
Regulatory Program for Mining Wastes and
Materials Under Subtitle D of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act 8
XII. LAND DISPOSAL
RESTRICTIONS, PHASE IV
Land Disposal Restrictions, Phase IV-
Treatment Standards Proposed for Toxicity
Characteristic (TC) Metal and Mineral
Processing Wastes - Proposed Rule 9
Environmental Fact Sheet: Treatment
Standards Proposed for Toxicity
Characteristic (TC) Metal and Mineral
Processing Wastes 9
Docket Index: Land Disposal Restrictions
Phase IV: Second Supplemental Proposal on
Treatment Standards for Metal Wastes and
Mineral Processing Wastes, Mineral
Processing and Bevill Exclusion Issues, and
the Use of Hazardous Waste as Fill 9
Identification and Description of Mineral
Processing Sectors and Waste Streams ... .9
Applicability of the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure to Mineral Processing
Wastes 10
Mineral processing Facilities Placing
Mixtures of Exempt and Non-Exempt
Wastes in On-Site Waste Management
Units 10
Remanded Smelting Wastes 10
Lightweight Aggregate Production and Air
Pollution Control Wastes 10
Titanium Tetrachloride Production by the
Chloride llmenite Process 11
Human Health and Environmental Damages
from Mining and Mineral Processing
Wastes 11
Site Visit Reports to Mines and Mineral
Processing Facilities 11
Regulatory Impact Analysis of the
Supplemental Proposed Rule Applying
Phase IV Land Disposal Restrictions to Newly
Identified Mineral Processing Wastes ... .11
Capacity Analysis Background Document. .11
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Publications
I. GENERAL MINING
PUBLICATIONS
Introduction to Hard Rock
Mining: A CD-ROM
Application (CD-ROM).
September 1997.
EPA530-C-97-005 (NSCEP).
Provides an introduction to
hard rock mining in the United
States. Includes an overview of
exploration, extraction, and
beneficiation mining methods.
Defines potential impacts of
mining wastes, such as mine
water, waste rock, mill tailings,
and spent ore. Addresses pollu-
tion prevention issues and
explains the environmental
concerns associated with min-
ing, including acid mine
drainage, erosion, sedimenta-
tion, chemical releases, fugitive
dust emissions, habitat modifi-
cation, and surface- and
ground-water impacts. Contains
the full text of a number of the
mining publications listed in
this document.
T
Profile of The Non-Fuel, Non-
Metal Mining Industry: Sector
Notebook Project. 1995.
EPA310-R-95-011 (NSCEP).
(95 pages)
Profile of The Metal Mining
Industry: Sector Notebook
Project. 1995. EPA310-R-95-008
(NSCEP). (137 pages)
Profile of the Coal Mining
Industry: Sector Notebook
Project. Available soon (NSCEP).
Developed by EPA's Office of
Compliance, this series of pro-
files, or notebooks, contains
information on selected major
industrial groups. These note-
books, which focus on key
release indicators and data for
air, water, and land pollutant
releases, have been thoroughly
reviewed by experts from both
inside and outside EPA. Each
sector-specific notebook provides
comprehensive, well-researched
data gathered for the first time in
a single source. The notebooks
include a comprehensive envi-
ronmental profile, industrial
process information, pollution
prevention techniques, pollutant
release data, regulatory require-
ments, compliance and enforce-
ment history, government and
industry partnerships, innovative
programs, contact names, biblio-
graphic references, and descrip-
tions of research methodology.
T
Historic Hardrock Mining:
West's Toxic Legacy, the
Critical Link Between Water
Quality and Abandoned Mine
Sites. 1995. EPA908-F-95-002.
U.S. EPA Region 8, Office of
Ecosystems Protection and
Remediation. (4 pages)
Describes the environmental
and water-quality damage his-
toric mining activities caused
in the western United States.
Cautions that each mining site
is unique and presents different
geologic, hydrologic, and phys-
ical challenges. Emphasizes the
importance of proper site
investigation and characteriza-
tion, and outlines questions to
answer and steps to take prior
to commencing mine site
cleanup activities.
This Is Mining... 1995. SP 07-
95. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH). (31 pages) Order
directly from NIOSH online.
Provides a good introduc-
tion to the mining industry
and explains the importance of
mining in our daily lives.
Provides basic information on
mining methods for coal min-
ing and metal and nonmetal
mining. Briefly describes mine
closure. Written by the U.S.
Bureau of Mines, but now dis-
tributed by NIOSH.
II. EXTRACTION AND
BENEFICIATION OF
SPECIFIC ORES AND
MINERALS
Technical Resource Document:
Extraction and Beneficiation
of Ores and Minerals; Volume
1: Lead-Zinc. June 1994.
EPA530-R-94-011. Order
Number: PB94-170 248 (NTIS).
(126 pages)
Presents the results of
EPA's research into the
domestic lead-zinc mining
industry. Briefly characterizes
the geology of lead-zinc ores
and the economics of the
industry. Reviews lead-zinc
extraction and beneficiation
methods and discusses poten-
tial environmental effects of
lead-zinc mining. Describes
current regulatory programs
implemented by EPA, federal
-------
land management agencies,
and selected states.
Appendices include specific
flotation activities employed
for polymetallic ores and
associated process flow
sheets, National Priority List
site summaries related to lead
and zinc extraction and bene-
ficiation, and a summary of
comments on the report with
EPA responses.
T
Technical Resource Document:
Extraction and Beneficiation
of Ores and Minerals; Volume
2: Gold. July 1994. EPA530-R-
94-013. Order Number: PB94-
170 305 (NTIS). (382 pages)
Presents the results of EPA's
research into the domestic
gold mining industry. Briefly
characterizes the geology of
gold ores and the economics of
the industry. Reviews gold
extraction and beneficiation
methods and discusses the
potential environmental effects
of gold mining. Describes cur-
rent regulatory programs
implemented by EPA, federal
land management agencies,
and selected states.
Appendices include flow
sheets of specific mine opera-
tions, National Priority List
site summaries related to gold
extraction and beneficiation,
and comments on site visits
with EPA responses.
Technical Resource Document:
Extraction and Beneficiation
of Ores and Minerals; Volume
3: Iron. August 1994. EPA530-
R-94-030. Order Number: PB94-
195 203 (NTIS). (121 pages)
Profiles the domestic iron
mining industry. Characterizes
the geology of iron ores and
the economics of the industry.
Reviews iron extraction and
beneficiation methods.
Discusses potential environ-
mental effects of iron mining.
Describes current regulatory
programs that apply to the iron
mining industry as implement-
ed by EPA, federal land man-
agement agencies, and selected
states. Appendix includes
comments on the report with
EPA responses.
T
Technical Resource Document:
Extraction and Beneficiation of
Ores and Minerals; Volume 4:
Copper. August 1994. EPA530-
R-94-031. Order Number: PB94-
200 979 (NTIS). (180 pages)
Presents the results of EPA's
research into the domestic cop-
per mining industry. Briefly
characterizes the geology of
copper ores and the economics
of the industry. Reviews cop-
per extraction and beneficia-
tion methods and discusses
potential environmental effects
of copper mining. Describes
current regulatory programs
implemented by EPA, federal
land management agencies,
and selected states.
Appendices include a summa-
ry of comments and EPA
responses, case studies of pub-
lished information on copper
mine waste management prac-
tices, National Priority List site
summaries related to copper
mining, and an acronym list.
Technical Resource Document:
Extraction and Beneficiation
of Ores and Minerals; Volume
5: Uranium. December 1994.
EPA530-R-94-032. Order
Number: PB94-200 987 (NTIS).
(125 pages)
Presents the results of EPA's
research into the domestic ura-
nium mining industry. Briefly
characterizes the geology of
uranium ores and the econom-
ics of the industry. Reviews
uranium extraction and benefi-
ciation methods and discusses
potential environmental effects
of uranium mining. Describes
current regulatory programs
implemented by EPA, federal
land management agencies,
and selected states.
Appendices include National
Priority List site summaries
related to the extraction and
beneficiation of uranium, an
acronym list, and the ground-
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water standards for remedial
actions at inactive uranium
processing sites.
T
Technical Resource Document:
Extraction and Beneficiation
of Ores and Minerals; Volume
6: Gold Placers. October 1994.
EPA530-R-94-035. Order
Number: PB94-201 811 (NTIS).
(135 pages)
Presents the results of EPA's
research into the domestic gold
placer mining industry. Briefly
characterizes the geology of
gold placer deposits and the
economics of the industry.
Reviews gold placer extraction
and beneficiation methods and
discusses potential environ-
mental effects of gold placer
mining. Describes current regu-
latory programs implemented
by EPA, federal land manage-
ment agencies, and selected
states. Appendix includes
comments on the report with
EPA responses.
T
Technical Resource Document:
Extraction and Beneficiation
of Ores and Minerals; Volume
7: Phosphate and
Molybdenum. November
1994. EPA530-R-94-034. Order
Number: PB94-201 001 (NTIS).
(135 pages)
Presents the results of EPA's
research into the domestic
phosphate and molybdenum
mining industry. Comprises two
reports of site visits conducted
by EPA to a phosphate mine in
Florida and a molybdenum
mine in Idaho during 1991 and
1992. Both reports include a
general facility description, the
environmental setting (i.e., cli-
mate, surface water, geology,
hydrogeology, wildlife), facility
operations, waste and materials
management, regulatory
requirements and compliance,
and ground-water monitoring
data. Appendix includes com-
ments on the report and EPA
responses.
III. ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS AND RISK
Seminar Publication:
Managing Environmental
Problems at Inactive and
Abandoned Metals Mine Sites.
1995. EPA625-R-95-007
(NSCEP). (91 pages)
Summarizes information
presented at the three 1994
EPA- and U.S. Department of
Energy-sponsored available
control technologies seminars.
The information concerned
how to control problems asso-
ciated with mining and benefi-
ciation waste generated from
active and inactive mining
sites. Other seminar discussion
topics included the fundamen-
tals of acid mine drainage,
known and probable effects on
public health and the environ-
ment, and control technologies
such as bioremediation, com-
posting, and other innovative
approaches currently being
investigated.
Innovative Methods of
Managing Environmental
Releases at Mine Sites. April
1994. EPA530-R-94-012. Order
Number: PB94-170 255 (NTIS).
(119 pages)
Describes source reduction
and recycling practices and
innovative techniques for
waste management currently
used in mining. Discusses
process controls that help pro-
duce purer and more saleable
products while reducing haz-
ardous constituents in the
waste stream. Examines recy-
cling opportunities unique to
mining, such as slag reprocess-
ing, tailings reprocessing, pipe
recycling and reuse, and mine
tire recycling. Lists technical
contacts familiar with each
technology described.
V
Technical Document:
Background for NEPA
Reviewers: Non-Coal Mining
Operations. December 1994.
EPA530-R-95-043. Order
Number: PB96-109 103 (NTIS).
(79 pages)
Assists in preparing envi-
ronmental impact statements
for noncoal mining opera-
tions. Describes the general
types of environmental
impacts likely to occur from
hard rock (noncoal) mining.
Provides valuable information
at an introductory, nontechni-
cal level on these types of
operations.
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Location of Mines and Factors
Affecting Exposure. June
1986. EPA530-SW-86-023.
Order Number: PB86-219
409/AS (NTIS). (79 pages)
Relates qualitative perspec-
tive on risks of mining wastes.
Reports on mine locations,
locations of potential receptor
populations, and environmen-
tal characteristics at those loca-
tions, and also compares
selected sites.
IV. WASTE
CHARACTERIZATION
AND TESTING
ASTM-D-6234-98 Standard Test
Method for Shake Extraction
of Mining Waste by the
Synthetic Precipitation
Leaching Procedure. June 1998.
Order Number: ASTM-D-6234-
98INL (NTIS). (6 pages) Order
directly from ASTM's online store.
Covers a procedure for the
shake leaching of mining waste
containing at least 80 percent
dry solids (20 percent mois-
ture) in order to generate a
solution to be used to deter-
mine the inorganic constituents
leached under the specified
testing conditions, which con-
form to the synthetic precipita-
tion leaching procedure.
T
Long-Term Dissolution Testing
of Mine Waste. March 1995.
EPA530-R-95-040. Order
Number: PB95-260 287 (NTIS).
(98 pages)
Describes the long-term dis-
solution testing of mine waste
and the effects of particle size
on the quality of drainage from
waste rock. Characterizes the
quality of drainage from four
waste rock and six tailing sam-
ples physically, chemically,
and mineralogically. Conducted
under grant to EPA by the state
of Minnesota.
T
Long-Term Dissolution Testing
of Mine Waste: Appendices.
March 1995. EPA530-R-95-
040A. Order Number: PB95-
260 295 (NTIS). (148 pages)
Contains the appendices for
the long-term laboratory studies
examining the dissolution of
abandoned mine wastes and the
consequent drainage quality.
Includes solid phase characteri-
zation, wet-dry cycle test, ele-
vated temperature test, particle
size experiment, and quality
assurance and quality control.
T
Statistical Analysis of Mining
Waste Data. June 1986.
EPA530-SW-86-024. Order
Number: PB86-219 383/AS
(NTIS). (42 pages)
Contains analyses conduct-
ed to measure the concentra-
tion of various elements,
anion, radio nuclides, and
other parameters in raw min-
ing waste samples and acetic
acid extracts of samples.
T
Technical Studies Supporting
the Mining Waste Regulatory
Determination. June 1986.
EPA530-SW-86-026. Order
Number: PB86-219 417/AS
(NTIS). (59 pages)
Describes the study proce-
dure and techniques for the
extraction procedure toxicity
test to evaluate RCRA haz-
ardous characteristics of mining
and smelting wastes, particular-
ly lead and cadmium. Two
principal tasks are described.
The first assesses the validity of
arsenic, lead, cadmium, barium,
silver, and chromium concen-
trations in extraction
procedure-toxicity leachates.
The second task compares the
extraction efficiency of four
leachate techniques. Presents
conclusions and the recommen-
dations of researchers.
V. ACID MINE
DRAINAGE
Application of Geophysics to
Acid Mine Drainage
Investigations, Volume 1:
Literature Review and
Theoretical Background.
September 1994. EPA530-R-95-
013A. Order Number: PB95-
191 268 (NTIS). (144 pages)
Evaluates the utility of geo-
physical techniques in detect-
ing and monitoring acid mine
drainage contamination from
mine wastes. Discusses the geo-
chemistry of acid mine
drainage, the relationship
between ion concentration and
specific conductance, the
empirical relationships avail-
able to predict the resistivity of
soil and rock, and formulas for
determining the optimum line
spacing for geophysical surveys
and the associated probabilities.
Includes a review and summary
of literature on geophysical
methods that might be useful in
evaluating migration of the
highly specific conductance
contaminants in ground water.
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Application of Geophysics to
Acid Mine Drainage
Investigations, Volume 2: Site
Investigations. September
1994. EPA530-R-95-013B. Order
Number: PB95-191 276 (NTIS).
(103 pages)
Describes site investiga-
tions undertaken to evaluate
the utility of surface geophysi-
cal techniques in detecting
and monitoring ground-water
pollution from mine waste in
the western United States.
Discusses results of investiga-
tions at the Spenceville cop-
per mine, Leviathan sulfur
mine, Iron Mountain copper
mine, and Walker copper
mine. Includes maps, charts,
and tables.
T
Technical Document: Acid
Mine Drainage Prediction.
December 1994. EPA530-R-94-
036. Order Number: PB94-201
829 (NTIS). (71 pages)
Examines acid generation
prediction methods as they
apply to noncoal mining sites.
Reviews acid forming process-
es at mine sites. Summarizes
current methods used to pre-
dict acid formation, including
sampling, testing, and model-
ing. Presents case histories
from active mining sites and
sites on the Superfund
National Priorities List.
Handbook for Constructed
Wetlands Receiving Acid Mine
Drainage. 1993. EPA540-R-93-
523. Order Number: PB93-233
914 (NTIS). (288 pages)
Details the theory, design,
and construction of wetlands
receiving acid mine drainages,
based on the second and third
years of operation of the pilot
constructed wetland built at the
Big Five Tunnel in Idaho
Springs, Colorado. Contains
sections on theoretical develop-
ments and design considera-
tions. Focuses on removal of
metals by precipitation of sul-
fides through the activity of sul-
fate reducing bacteria. Funded
by EPA under the SITE
Emerging Technologies Program.
VI. MINE PIT WATER
Water Quality in Open Pit
Precious Metal Mines.
February 1994. EPA530-R-95-
011. Order Number: PB95-191
243 (NTIS). (74 pages)
Documents the current level
of understanding for issues
concerning open-pit metal
mine water quality, and deter-
mines where additional
research is needed. Examines
factors that contribute to pit-
water quality, such as flow of
ground water, water-wall rock
reactions, pH, trace element
concentrations (especially
arsenic), evapoconcentration,
and hydrothermal activity.
Discusses how pit lakes exist
from the mining of minerals
such as phosphate, uranium,
coal, copper, silver, and gold.
Determines that variabilities in
contributing factors affect pit-
water quality and the unique
geology in each mine make
predictions of pit-water quality
difficult.
T
Geochemical Modeling of
Mine Pit Water: Overview and
Application of Computer
Codes. December 1994.
EPA530-R-95-012. Order
Number: PB95-191 250 (NTIS).
(192 pages)
Evaluates the suitability of
hydrogeochemical computer
modeling codes BALANCE,
MINTEQA2, PHREEQE, WATE-
QF, and WATEQF4 to the task
of modeling post-mining pit-
water geochemistry. Discusses
the advantages and disadvan-
tages of these codes for pit-
water modeling. Provides
detailed descriptions of the
operation of each software
code. Includes a detailed dis-
cussion of introductory aque-
ous geochemistry and how the
concepts are integrated into
chemical models.
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VII. TAILINGS DAMS
Guide to Tailings, Dams and
Impoundments, Design,
Construction, Use and
Rehabilitation. 1997. ISBN 92-
807-1590-7. Order Number:
UN-0186INP (NTIS). (240 Pages)
An important United Nations
reference book and guide that
addresses both the safety and the
environmental issues of tailing
impoundments. This invaluable
guide for mine owners and oper-
ators, as well as government
agencies concerned with the dis-
posal of tailings, discusses com-
mon problems in the disposal of
tailings at mines, quarries, and
other industries.
T
Technical Report: Design and
Evaluation of Tailings Dams.
August 1994. EPA530-R-94-
038. Order Number: PB94-201
845 (NTIS) (69 pages)
Presents an introduction to
the subject of tailings dams and
impoundments, particularly with
regard to their engineering fea-
tures and their ability to mitigate
or minimize adverse effects to
the environment. Provides an
overview of the various methods
used to dispose of mine tailings
and the types of impoundments
used. Describes the basic con-
cepts used in the design of
impoundments, including a
number of site-specific variables
of concern. Discusses tailings
embankment and stability and
addresses water management in
tailings impoundments. Offers a
case study on a lined tailings
impoundment. Includes an
appendix with comments
received on the draft document
with EPA responses.
VIM. CYANIDE
WASTE ISSUES
Technical Report: Treatment of
Cyanide Heap Leaches and
Tailings. September 1994.
EPA530-R-94-037. Order
Number: PB94-201 837 (NTIS).
(70 pages)
Provides information on
cyanide treatment methods for
heap leaches and tailings activ-
ities associated with cyanida-
tion operations. Discusses
cyanide detoxification treat-
ment in terms of chemistry,
duration, removal efficiencies,
and advantages and limita-
tions. Describes treatment tech-
niques and typical closure and
reclamation activities for heaps
and tailings impoundments.
Includes selected case studies
and federal and state require-
ments that apply to cyanide
operations. Presents treatment
options without evaluating
their efficiency.
T
Development of a Solid
Analytical Procedure for
Cyanide in Spent Ore. June
1991. EPA530-R-92-006. Order
Number: PB93-203 496 (NTIS).
(239 pages)
Explores three methods
used to test cyanide levels in
tailings from heap leach
cyanidation facilities for min-
ing gold and silver.
Establishes that bottle-roll
tests give the closest approxi-
mation of cyanide levels in
ore samples and best chances
for predicting levels of
cyanide in leachate from
depositories. Presents detailed
analytical results.
T
Quantities of Cyanide-Bearing
and Acid-Generating Wastes
Generated by the Mining and
Beneficiating Industries, and
Potentials for Contaminant
Release. June 1986. EPA530-
SW-86-025. Order Number:
PB86-219 391/AS (NTIS).
(201 pages)
Documents the initial phas-
es of human exposure and eco-
logical impact assessment of
mining and beneficiation
wastes bearing cyanides or
generating acids. Data regard-
ing waste quantities, with lim-
ited information on cyanide
concentrations and the poten-
tial for acid formation of
wastes, are summarized.
IX. CERCLA/
SUPERFUND ISSUES
Mining and Mineral Processing
Sites Listed on the Superfund's
National Priorities List (NPL).
February 1997. F-97-2P4P-
S0043 (RCRA Hotline/ RCRA
Information Center).
Identifies mining and miner-
al processing sites listed on
Superfund's National Priorities
List and summarizes environ-
mental damage information on
each site.
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Mining Sites in the National
Priorities List; NPL Site
Summary Reports (Complete
Set). June 1991. EPA530-SW-
91-065. Order Number: PB92-
124 759 (NTIS). (4210 pages)
Provides descriptions of the
48 mining sites on the National
Priorities List (NPL) in a five-
volume set. Contains reports
prepared to support EPA's min-
ing program activities.
Summarizes environmental
damages and associated min-
ing waste management prac-
tices at sites on, or proposed
for, NPL as of the February 11,
1991, Federal Register notice
(56 FR 5598). Based on infor-
mation obtained from EPA files
and reports, an individual
report was prepared for each
site. Maps and charts are
included.
T
Superfund Guide to RCRA
Management Requirements
for Mineral Processing
Wastes. January 1991. OSWER-
9347.3-12FS. Order Number:
PB91-921 318 (NTIS). (5 pages)
Summarizes revisions to the
1980 mining waste exclusion,
explains the potential effects of
these revisions on waste man-
agement options for mineral
processing wastes, and pro-
vides a general framework for
managing mineral processing
wastes at CERCLA sites in
accordance with RCRA land
disposal restrictions and the
toxicity characteristics rule.
Consideration of RCRA
Requirements in Performing
CERCLA Responses at Mining
Waste Sites. August 1986.
EPA/9234.0-04. Order Number:
PB91-214 205 (NTIS). (13 pages)
Discusses mining wastes
that will not be regulated
under Subtitle C of RCRA.
Mining waste problems will be
addressed by developing a pro-
gram for regulation under
Subtitle D. In the interim,
Superfund will continue to
address these mining waste
problems through the remedial
investigation and feasibility
study and record of decision
and enforcement decision doc-
ument processes taking into
account current Subtitle D
requirements as well as
options for addressing risks not
addressed by Subtitle D
requirements.
X. REPORTS TO
CONGRESS ON
MINING WASTES
Summary and Technical
Review of Supporting
Literature for the 1985 Report
to Congress on Wastes from
Extraction and Beneficiation
of Metallic Ores, Phosphate
Rock, Asbestos Overburden
from Uranium Mining, and Oil
Shale. October 1993. EPA530-R-
93-025. Order Number: PB94-
113 404 (NTIS). (126 pages)
Presents a technical review
of the sampling and analytical
data cited in the 1985 Report
to Congress on Wastes from
the Extraction and
Beneficiation of Metallic Ore,
Phosphate Rock, Asbestos,
Overburden From Uranium
Mining, and Oil Shale.
Examines the sampling and
analysis methodologies and
describes the data collected for
each of the three sources used
in the Report to Congress.
T
Report to Congress on Special
Wastes from Mineral
Processing: Summary and
Findings. July 1990. EPA530-
SW-90-070B (NSCEP). (22 pages)
Summarizes findings per-
taining to special wastes from
mineral processing. Includes
sources and volumes of mate-
rials generated per year, and
presents disposal and utiliza-
tion practices; the potential
danger to health and environ-
ment; documented and
proved cases of danger to
health and environment;
alternatives to current dispos-
al methods and costs of alter-
natives; impacts of
alternatives on use of phos-
phate rock, uranium ore, and
other natural resources; and
current and potential uses of
waste materials.
T
Report to Congress on Special
Wastes from Mineral
Processing: Summary and
Findings; Methods and
Analysis; Appendices. July
1990. EPA530-SW-90-070C.
Order Number: PB90-258 492
(NTIS). (643 pages)
Examines RCRA waste
exemption for mineral pro-
cessing. Describes events in
the rulemaking process and
criteria used by EPA to exempt
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20 special wastes from mineral
processing operations. Reports
sources and volumes of
wastes, including present dis-
posal practices, documented
cases of danger, alternatives to
current disposal methods,
costs of alternatives, and
impacts of alternatives on nat-
ural resources.
T
Summary of Comments on
Mining Waste Report to
Congress. May 1986. EPA530-
SW-86-030. Order Number:
PB86-222 486/AS (NTIS).
(87 pages)
Describes the approach
used to summarize comments
included in the document.
Lists companies, organiza-
tions, agencies, and individu-
als who responded. Organized
into five chapters covering
legal issues and procedures,
technical information, regula-
tions, economics, and recom-
mendations.
T
Report to Congress: Wastes
from the Extraction and
Beneficiation of Metallic Ores,
Phosphate Rock, Asbestos,
Overburden from Uranium
Mining, and Oil Shale.
December 1985. EPA530-SW-
85-033. Order Number: PB88-
162 631 (NTIS). (293 pages)
Addresses wastes from the
extraction and beneficiation
of metallic ores (with special
emphasis on copper, gold,
iron, lead, silver, and zinc),
uranium overburden, and the
nonmetals asbestos and phos-
phate rock. Provides a com-
prehensive assessment of
possible adverse effects on
human health and the envi-
ronment resulting from the
disposal of solid wastes from
the extraction and beneficia-
tion of ores and minerals.
Covers mine waste, mill tail-
ings, and waste from heap
and dump leaching opera-
tions. Summarizes EPA's find-
ings on oil shales in
Appendix A.
XI. REGULATORY
RECOMMENDATIONS
U.S. EPA Mine Waste Policy
Dialogue Committee Meeting
Summaries and Supporting
Material. March 1994. EPA530-
R-94-043. Order Number:
PB95-122 529 (NTIS). (114
pages)
Summaries of the 1991 to
1993 Policy Dialogue Committee
meetings and other information
describing the committee. The
purpose is to provide additional
technical, policy, and regulatory
information concerning the
domestic mining industry.
Projected Regulatory,
Programmatic, and Fiscal
Impacts of EPA's Strawman II
on State Mine Waste
Management Programs
(Complete Set, Volumes Mil).
December 1991. EPA530-R-92-
008. Order Number: PB92-190
149 (NTIS). (1,157 pages)
Reports on the projected
regulatory, programmatic, and
fiscal impacts of EPA's
Strawman II on state mine
waste management programs.
Volume I provides prelimi-
nary assessment of the effects
that EPA's Strawman II draft
regulatory approach for min-
ing waste would have on
existing state programs for
environmental control and
management of mining waste.
Volume II reports on the
impacts of EPA's Strawman II
report from the participating
states of the Western
Governorship Association
Mine Waste Task Force.
Volume III contains the
appendices to the reports.
T
Strawman II:
Recommendations for a
Regulatory Program for
Mining Wastes and Materials
Under Subtitle D of the
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. May 1991.
EPA530-SW-91-056. Order
Number: PB91-178 418 (NTIS).
(119 pages)
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Represents EPA's staff posi-
tion on an effective federal
program to regulate wastes
and other materials uniquely
associated with noncoal min-
ing. Describes the prerulemak-
ing process, and provides
background and overview of
mining waste program.
Discusses the scope of the
program and regulatory
approach.
XII. LAND DISPOSAL
RESTRICTIONS,
PHASE IV
Land Disposal Restrictions,
Phase IV - Treatment Standards
Proposed for Toxicity
Characteristic (TC) Metal and
Mineral Processing Wastes -
Proposed Rule. May 12, 1997.
Federal Register (62 FR 26041)
(RCRA Hotline). (44 pages)
The third proposed rule
related to treatment standards
for certain metal wastes and
wastes from mineral process-
ing. EPA was seeking com-
ment on a conditional
exclusion for secondary min-
eral processing materials, on
coprocessing of materials in
Bevill-exempt mining units,
and on whether certain miner-
al processing and mining
wastes currently excluded
from federal hazardous waste
regulations warranted regula-
tory controls.
Environmental Fact Sheet:
Treatment Standards
Proposed for Toxicity
Characteristic (TC) Metal and
Mineral Processing Wastes.
April 1997. EPA530-F-97-016
(RCRA Hotline). (2 pages)
Describes EPA's reproposed
Land Disposal Restriction treat-
ment standards for metal-bear-
ing hazardous wastes, including
wastes from mineral processing
operations. Discusses how the
proposed revised Universal
Treatment Standards would
apply to wastes from mineral
processing operations, a group
of wastes not currently subject
to treatment standards. Seeks
comment on three specific
issues related to recycled sec-
ondary materials from mineral
processing and wastes excluded
by the Bevill amendment under
RCRA. The three issues were:
which materials are wastes and
which are in-process materials
outside EPA's jurisdiction,
whether the Bevill exclusion
should extend to Bevill-exempt
mining facilities in which min-
eral processing wastes are
coprocessed, and whether the
risks posed by some Bevill-
exempt wastes warrant future
regulatory controls.
T
Docket Index: Land Disposal
Restrictions Phase IV: Second
Supplemental Proposal on
Treatment Standards for
Metal Wastes and Mineral
Processing Wastes, Mineral
Processing and Bevill
Exclusion Issues, and the Use
of Hazardous Waste as Fill.
RCRA Docket No. F-97-2P4P-
FFFFF (RCRA Hotline). (6 pages)
Records the name, citation,
and docket number for the
information placed in RCRA
Docket No. F-97-2P4P-FFFFF
to support the Land Disposal
Restrictions Phase IV: Second
Supplemental Proposal on
Treatment Standards for Metal
Wastes and Mineral Processing
Wastes, Mineral Processing
and Bevill Exclusion Issues
and the Use of Hazardous
Waste as Fill.
T
Identification and Description
of Mineral Processing Sectors
and Waste Streams. April
1998. RCRA Docket No. F-98-
2P4F-FFFFF (RCRA Hotline/
RCRA Information Center).
(1,106 pages)
Identifies waste streams pro-
duced by mineral processing
that could potentially exhibit
one of the characteristics of a
RCRA hazardous waste. If a
mineral processing waste
stream is found to be haz-
ardous, it may be subject to the
Land Disposal Restrictions.
The Agency cautions that this
draft document should not be
construed to be an exclusive
list of mineral processing and
associated waste streams; other
types of mineral processing
waste streams might exist.
Each chapter contains separate
metal-by-metal evaluations.
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Applicability of the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching
Procedure to Mineral
Processing Wastes. April 1998.
RCRA Docket No. F-98-2P4F-
FFFFF (RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center). (21 pages)
Demonstrates that mineral
processing wastes are susceptible
to mismanagement. Discusses
the considerations incorporated
into the Agency's expanded mis-
management scenario rationale,
specifically the basis for the
Agency's conservative approach,
past incidents of codisposal of
mineral processing wastes with
municipal solid waste, and the
location of mineral processing
facilities relative to population
centers and sensitive environ-
ments. In addition, addresses the
American Mining Congress' sug-
gestion that the synthetic precip-
itation leaching procedure be
used as an alternative to the toxi-
city characteristic leaching pro-
cedure to determine the toxicity
of mineral processing wastes.
T
Mineral Processing Facilities
Placing Mixtures of Exempt
and Non-Exempt Wastes in
On-Site Waste Management
Units. April 1998. RCRA
Docket No. F-98-2P4F-FFFFF
(RCRA Hotline/ RCRA
Information Center). (10 pages)
Summarizes the Agency's
review of waste disposal prac-
tices at mineral processing facili-
ties to determine if such facilities
place, or have placed in the past,
mixtures of exempt and nonex-
empt wastes in onsite waste
management units. Identifies
cases where such codisposal
might have taken place.
T
Remanded Smelting Wastes.
April 1998. RCRA Docket No.
F-98-2P4F-FFFFF (RCRA
Hotline/RCRA Information
Center). (14 pages)
Discusses the history of
Agency actions with regard to
remanded smelting wastes,
industrial smelting processes,
and waste management proce-
dures, and provides a factual
basis for considering a no-list
decision. (See American
Mining Congress v. EPA, 907
F.2d 1179, D.C. Cir., 1990).
T
Lightweight Aggregate
Production and Air Pollution
Control Wastes. April 1998.
RCRA Docket No. F-98-2P4F-
FFFFF (RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center). (16 pages)
Presents EPA's rationale for
withdrawing air pollution con-
trol (APC) dust and sludge gen-
erated in the production of
lightweight aggregate from the
Federal Mining Waste
Exclusion. APC was one of
many mineral processing wastes
made conditionally exempt
from RCRA Subtitle C require-
ments under the Bevill
Amendment. In response to a
1991 Federal Appeals Court
decision requesting EPA to reex-
amine whether lightweight
aggregate APC dust/sludge is
eligible for coverage under the
Mining Waste Exclusion (Solite
Corporation v. EPA 952 F2d 473
D.C. Cir. 1991). Organized into
eight sections with Section 1
providing background informa-
tion. Section 2 briefly describes
the commodity in question.
Sections 3 and 4 describe the
production process and the
resultant waste streams, respec-
tively. Section 5 discusses
industry and market characteris-
tics and the potential impact of
EPA's decision to withdraw the
Bevill Exclusion. Section 6
revisits the rationale behind
EPA's decision to withdraw the
Bevill Exclusion based on the
high-volume criterion. Section 7
summarizes and responds to
Solite's arguments against EPA's
high-volume criterion. Finally,
Section 8 presents the conclu-
sions of the document.
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Titanium Tetrachloride
Production by the Chloride
llmenite Process. April 1998.
RCRA Docket No. F-98-2P4F-
FFFFF (RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center). (9 pages)
Presents EPA's factual basis
for proposing to withdraw titani-
um tetrachloride waste acids
(which implicitly includes iron
chloride) generated in the pro-
duction of titanium tetrachloride
by the chloride-ilmenite process
from the RCRA Mining Waste
Exclusion. These wastes were
one of numerous mineral pro-
cessing wastes made condition-
ally exempt from RCRA Subtitle
C requirements under the Bevill
Amendment to RCRA, (40 CFR
Part 261.4(b)(7)). Provides a
description of the DuPont chlo-
ride-ilmenite process and the
generation of the iron chloride
waste. Provides EPAs' evalua-
tion of the process, which serves
as the technical basis for EPAs
determination regarding the reg-
ulatory status of the iron chlo-
ride waste.
T
Human Health and
Environmental Damages from
Mining and Mineral Processing
Wastes. April 1998. RCRA
Docket No. F-98-2P4F-FFFFF
(RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center). (113 pages)
Describes the human health
and environmental damages
caused by management of wastes
from mining (i.e., extraction and
beneficiation) and mineral pro-
cessing, particularly damages
caused by placement of mining
and mineral processing wastes in
land-based units. EPA prepared
this report by compiling existing
damage case summaries; review-
ing relevant inspection, enforce-
ment, permitting, and other
relevant files for mining and
mineral processing facilities in
selected states; and soliciting the
help of EPA Region 10 in draft-
ing new damage cases.
T
Site Visit Reports to Mines
and Mineral Processing
Facilities. April 1998. RCRA
Docket No. F-98-2P4F-FFFFF
(RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center). (26 pages)
Presents information collect-
ed at five site visits to mines
and mineral processing facilities
conducted by the EPA. Each site
visit report includes information
about the types of wastes gener-
ated and how such wastes are
managed. Sites visited include
DuPont Antioch, California;
McLaughlin Gold Mine, Lower
Lake, California; Rand Gold
Mine, Randsburg, California;
Newmont North Operations
Gold Mine, Carlin, Nevada; and
Magma Copper and Cyprus
Miami Mines, Tucson, Arizona.
T
Regulatory Impact Analysis of
the Supplemental Proposed
Rule Applying Phase IV Land
Disposal Restrictions to Newly
Identified Mineral Processing
Wastes. May 1998. RCRA
Docket No. F-98-2P4F-FFFFF
(RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center). (26 pages)
Estimates the costs, econom-
ic impacts, and benefits of the
supplemental rule addressing
newly identified hazardous
mineral processing wastes. The
supplemental rule expands
upon the proposed Phase IV
Land Disposal Restriction rule
published on August 22, 1995
(60 FR 43654). EPA proposes
standards for mineral process-
ing wastes no longer exempt
from Subtitle C requirements
under the Bevill exemption.
Proposed that previously
exempt Bevill mineral process-
ing wastes must meet RCRA
Universal Treatment Standards
before management or disposal
in a land-based unit.
T
Capacity Analysis Background
Document. December 1995.
RCRA Docket No. F-965-PH4A-
S0053 (RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center). (63 pages)
Presents the capacity analysis
EPA conducted to support the
proposed Land Disposal
Restrictions Phase IV: Newly
Identified Mineral Processing
Wastes (Supplemental Rule).
EPA conducted capacity analy-
ses to evaluate the need for
national capacity variances from
the land disposal prohibitions.
The capacity analysis provides
estimates of the quantities of
wastes that will require alterna-
tive commercial treatment prior
to land disposal as a result of
the LDRs and estimates alterna-
tive commercial treatment
capacity available to manage
wastes restricted from land dis-
posal. EPA proposed LDRs for
newly identified and listed min-
eral processing wastes.
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Ordering Information
National Service
Center for
Environmental
Publications
The National Service Center
for Environmental Publications
(NSCEP), formerly NCEPI
(National Center for
Environmental Publications
and Information), was created
by EPA as the Agency's central
repository and distribution
center for EPA publications.
NSCEP produces the Annual
EPA National Publications
Catalog and maintains an in-
house inventory of 5,000 cur-
rent EPA publications available
to the public free of charge.
More than 420,000 documents
are distributed to a transna-
tional audience on a monthly
basis. NSCEP is located in
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Address:
U.S. EPA/NSCEP
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: 800 490-9198 or
513 489-8190
Fax: 513 489-8695
Web address: www.epa.gov/
ncepihom
E-mail: ncepi.mail@epa-
mail.epa.gov
National Technical
Information Service
The National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) is
the federal government's cen-
tral source for the sale of scien-
tific, technical, engineering,
and other related business
information produced by or for
the U.S. government as well as
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million products are available
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mats including microfiche,
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Address:
NTIS
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To order by phone:
800 553-6847 or
703 605-6000
Rush Service (additional
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703 605-6000 (PLEASE
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Fax: 703 605-6900
To verify receipt of a fax:
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impaired): 703 487-4639
Subscriptions Department:
800 363-2068 or
703 605-6060
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E-mail Online Ordering:
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National Institute
for Occupational
Safety and Health
After the U.S. Bureau of
Mines was abolished by
Congress in 1996 the health
and safety research centers
located in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, and Spokane,
Washington, were permanently
assigned to NIOSH. The mis-
sion of the Office for Mine
Safety & Health Research is to
conduct objective studies,
research, experiments, and
demonstrations related to the
mining and minerals sector in
the area of worker health,
worker safety, and disaster pre-
vention.
Addresses:
National Institute for
Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH)
Office for Mine Safety and
Health Research
Laboratories
Pittsburgh Research
Laboratory
Cochrans Mill Road
P.O. Box 18070
Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0070
Spokane Research
Laboratory
315 E. Montgomery Avenue
Spokane, WA 99207-2291
Phone: 412 892-6609
Fax: 412 892-6780
Web address:
www.cdc.gov/niosh/pit/
E-mail: rkc6@cdc.gov
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RCRA Hotline/RCRA
Information Center
Documents designated as
being available from the RCRA
Hotline/RCRA Information
Center can be ordered from
either location. To place an
order by phone, call the RCRA
Hotline's document line. To
order online or by mail, send
your request to the RCRA
Information Center. Be sure to
include the document title and
the appropriate order number
in your request.
RCRA Hotline (RCRA,
Super-fund & EPCRA Hotline)
The RCRA, Superfund &
EPCRA Hotline is a publicly
accessible service providing
up-to-date information on the
RCRA solid and hazardous
waste regulations, including
underground storage tanks. The
hotline answers questions and
provides guidance and policy
documents on all solid and
hazardous waste issues.
Phone: 800 424-9346 or
703 412-9810
TDD (for the hearing
impaired): 800 553-7672
or 703 412-3323
Web address:
www.epa.gov/epaoswer/
hotline
RCRA Information Center
(5305W)
EPA Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, SW.
Washington DC 20460
Web address:
www.epa.gov/epaoswer/
general/ricorder.htm
E-mail: RCRA-Docket@
epamail.epa.gov
U.S. EPA Region 8
Technical Library
The U.S. EPA Region 8
Technical Library can take your
order for the Historic Hardrock
Mining publication, as well as
provide information on order-
ing other Region 8 publica-
tions. The Technical Library is
located on the mall level of the
Denver Place Building. Access
to the Library is through the
Environmental Information
Service Center.
Address:
U.S. EPA Region 8
Technical Library
999 18th Street, Suite 500,
8OC-L
Denver, CO 80202
Phone: 303 312-6312 or
800 227-8917 in Region 8
states
Fax: 303 312-7061
Web address: www.epa.gov/
region08/lib/lib-hom.html
E-mail: Iibrary.reg8@epa.gov
EPA Mining
Contacts
For additional information
on mining issues, please con-
tact the following:
Stephen Hoffman
Mining Team Leader
U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste,
Headquarters
Phone: 703 308-8413
E-mail: hoffman.stephen@epa.gov
Elaine Suriano
NEPA/EIS Issues
U.S. EPA Office of Federal
Activities
Phone: 202 564-7162
E-mail: suriano.elaine@epa.gov
Joseph Tieger
Superfund Enforcement
U.S. EPA Office of Site
Remediation Enforcement
Phone: 202 564-4276
E-mail: tieger.joe@epa.gov
Carol Russell
Mining Issues
Region 8 Ecosystem Protection
and Remediation Office
Phone: 303 312-6310
E-mail: russell.carol@epa.gov
John Hillenbrand
Mining Issues
Region 9 Water Division
Phone: 415 744-1912
E-mail: hillenbrand.john@epa.gov
Nick Ceto
Regional Mining Coordinator
Region 10 Office of
Environmental Cleanup
Phone: 206 553-1816
E-mail: ceto.nick@epa.gov
Bill Riley
Mining Coordinator
Region 10 Office of Water
Phone: 206 553-1412
E-mail: riley.bill@epa.gov
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