United States Office of Solid Waste EPA530-F-94-025
Environmental Protection and Emergency Response August 1994
Office of Solid Waste
x°/EPA Environmental
Fact Sheet
EPA Simplifies Land Disposal
Restrictions by Establishing a
Set of Universal Treatment Standards,
and Finalizes Treatment Standards
for 42 Newly Listed and Identified
Wastes
Background
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) enacted in 1984 prohibit
the land disposal of untreated hazardous wastes. HSWA requires
EPA to set levels or methods of treatment for hazardous wastes to
substantially diminish the short-term and long-term threats to human
health and the environment. Wastes that meet the treatment standards
established by EPA may be land disposed (i.e., placed in a landfill, surface
impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land treatment facility, salt dome
formation, salt bed formation, or underground mine or cave).
This rule streamlines the existing set of LDR treatment standards. In
addition, it establishes treatment standards for 42 of the wastes listed or
identified since HSWA was enacted. The schedule for newly listed and
identified wastes in this final rulemaking is part of a proposed consent
decree signed by EPA and the Environmental Defense Fund.
Action
In a major move to simplify the LDR program, the Agency is
promulgating a set of universal treatment standards for over 200
constituents (see Table 1). These standards apply uniformly to the
treatment of the constituent, regardless of the waste in which the
constituent is found. The universal treatment standards apply to virtually
all waste codes with numerical standards. Furthermore, this rule
finalizes LDR treatment standards based on Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) for 42 newly listed or identified wastes, including coke
by-product wastes, chlorotoluene wastes, and organic Toxicity
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Characteristic (TC) wastes. Finally, EPA is promulgating regulations that
require TC pesticide and highly concentrated ignitable wastes be treated,
and not merely diluted, prior to injection into a Class I nonhazardous deep
injection well.
Contact
For further information, or to order a copy of the Federal Register
notice, please call the RCRA Hotline Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to
7:30 p.m., EST and ask for the rule Land Disposal Restrictions Phase II--
Universal Treatment Standards, and Treatment Standards for Organic
Toxicity Characteristic Wastes and Newly Listed Wastes. The national toll-
free number is (800) 424-9346; for the hearing impaired, it is (TDD) (800)
553-7672. In Arlington, VA, the number is (703) 920-9810 or (TDD) (703)
486-3323. Write to the RCRA Information Center (5305), US EPA, 401 M
Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460.
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Table 1. Universal Treatment Standards for Regulated Hazardous Constituents1"
Regulated Hazardous
Organic C onstitu ent
Wastewater
Concentration Total
Composition (mg/1)
Nonwastewater
Concentration Total
Composition (mg/1)
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthene
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo-(b)fluoranthene *
Benzo(k)fluoranthene*
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Bromodichloromethane
Bromomethane
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
n-Butyl alcohol
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6- dinitrophenol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane
p-Chloroaniline
hlorobenzene
hlorobenzilate
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
hlorodibromomethane
hloroethane
hloroform
3-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
:hloromethane (Methyl chloride)
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropyleiie
"hrysene
resol (m- and p-isomers)
0.059
0.059
0.28
5.6
0.010
0.059
0.29
19
0.24
0.021
0.13
0.81
0.059
0.36
0.00014
0.00014
0.023
0.0017
0.059
0.055
0.14
0.061
0.11
0.11
0.0055
0.036
0.033
0.055
0.28
0.35
0.11
0.055
5.6
0.017
0.066
3.8
0.057
0.0033
0.46
0.057
0.10
0.057
0.057
0.27
0.046
0.018
0.062
0.19
0.055
0.044
0.036
0.059
0.77
3.4
3.4
160
1.8
9.7
140
Not Regulated
23
84
0.066
NR
14
3.4
Not Regulated
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
3.4
6.0
10
3.4
6.8
6.8
1.8
7.2
6.0
7.2
28
15
15
15
2.6
28
2.5
4.8**
6.0
0.26
16
6.0
Not Regulated
0.28
15
6.0
6.0
14
Not Regulated
30
5.6
5.7
30
3.4
5.6
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o-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
o.p'-DDD
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDT
3ibenz(a,e)pyrene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
tris-(2,3-Dibromopropyl) phosphate
l,2-Dibromo-3-ehloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene ibromide)
Dibromomethane
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluorometharie
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
2 ,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D)
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
cis- 1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
trans- 1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Dieldrin
Diethyl phthalate
p-Dimethylaminoazo-benzene
2, 4 -Dimethyl phenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitrocresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
1,4-Dioxane
1,2-Diphenyl hydrazine
Diphenylnitrosamine*
Diphenylamine*
Disulfoton
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan II
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
Famphur
0.11
0.36
0.023
0.023
0.031
0.031
0.0039
0.0039
0.061
0.055
0.11
0.11
0.028
0.11
0.036
0.088
0.090
0.23
0.059
0.21
0.025
0.054
0.044
0.044
0.72
0.85
0.036
0.036
0.017
0.20
0.13
0.036
0.047
0.057
0.32
0.28
0.12
0.32
0.55
0.017
0.40
Not Regulated
0.087
0.921
0.921
0.017
0.023
0.029
0.029
0.0028
0.025
0.34
0.057
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.017
5.6
0.75**
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
0.087
Not Regulated
8.2
0.10
15
15
15
6.0
6.0
6.0
7.2
6.0
6.0
6.0
30
14
14
10
18
18
18
0.13
28
Not Regulated
14
28
28
2.3
160
160
140
28
28
14
170
Not Regulated
13
13
6.2
0.066
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
33
10
160
160
Not Regulated
15
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Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropylene
Indeno(l,2,3-c,d)pyrene
lodomethane
Isobutyl alcohol
Isodrin
Isosafrole
Kepone
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Methapyrilene
Methoxychlor
3-Methylchloanthrene
4,4-Methylene bis (2-chloraniline)
Methylene chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methansulfonate
Methyl parathion
Naphthalene
2-Naphthylamine
p-Nitroaniline
o-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
o-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosopipericline
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Parathion
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phorate
Phthalic acid
Phthalic anhydride
Pronamide
0.068
0.059
0.0012
0.016
0.055
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.057
0.055
0.035
0.0055
0.19
5.6
0.021
0.081
0.0011
0.24
5.6
0.081
0.25
0.0055
0.50
0.089
0.28
0.14
0.14
0.018
0.014
0.059
0.52
0.028
0.27
0.068
0.32
0.028
0.12
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.055
0.000035
0.000063
0.055
0.055
0.089
0.081
0.059
0.039
0.021
0.055
0.055
0.093
3.4
3.4
0.066
0.066
10
5.6
0.001
0.001
2.4
30
30
3.4
65
170
0.066
2.6
0.13
84
0.75**
1.5
0.18
15
30
30
36
33
160
Not Regulated
4.6
5.6
Not Regulated
28
14
14
28
13
29
28
2.3
17
2.3
2.3
35
35
4.6
10
0.001
0.001
6.0
4.8
7.4
16
5.6
6.2
4.6
28
28
1.5
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Propanenitrile (Ethyl cyanide)
Pyrene
Pyridine
Safrole
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
2,4,5,-T
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachlorodiberizofurans
Tetrachlorodiberizo-p-dioxins
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethyl ene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Toluene
Toxaphene
Tribromomethane (Bromoform)
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylerie
Trichloromono fluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophen-oxyacetic acid
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloro- 1 ,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
Xylenes (total)
Total PCBs
0.24
0.067
0.014
0.081
0.72
0.72
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.030
0.080
0.0095
0.63
0.055
0.054
0.054
0.054
0.020
0.18
0.035
0.72
0.85
0.057
0.27
0.32
0.1
360
8.2
16
22
7.9
7.9
14
0.001
0.001
6.0
6.0
6.0
7.4
10
2.6
15
19
6.0
6.0
6.0
30
7.4
7.4
7.9
30
30
6.0
30
10
Regulated Hazardous
Metal Constituent
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Cyanide (total)
Cyanide (amenable)
Fluoride
Lead
Mercury— retort residues
Mercury- -not retort residues
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Sulfide
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc****
Wastewater
Concentration Total
Composition (mg/1)
1.9
1.4
1.2
0.82
0.69
2.77
1.2
0.86
35
0.69
N/A
0.15
3.98
0.82
0.43
14
1.4
4.3
2.61
Nonwastewater
Concentration
TCLP (mg/1)
2.1
5.0
7.6
0.014
0.19
0.86
590***
30***
Not Regulated
0.37
0.20
0.025
5.0
0.16
0.30
Not Regulated
0.078
0.23
5.3
t These universal treatment standards do not apply to characteristic metal wastes
D001 toD011.
* This standard represents the sum of the concentrations for each of this pair of
constituents.
* * Measured in waste extract using TCLP (mg/l).
*** Unit = mg/kg based on TOTAL concentration. As analyzed using SW-846 Method 9010 or 9012; sample
size 10 gram; distillation time one hour and fifteen minutes.
**** Zinc is not an "underlying hazardous constituent" in characteristic wastes.
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